title: White matter

paragraphs: The central nervous system is made of two types of tissue: white matter and grey matter. Grey matter contains nerve cell bodies, and white matter is made of the nerve fibres.

paragraphs: When a sample is freshly cut, it usually slightly pink in appearance (for both types). When preserved in formaldehyde, white matter appears to be almost white. White matter consists mostly of myelinated axons:. Myelin is a lipid tissue (a fat) with capillaries. It helps to keep the electrical in the nerve fibre. This is important for fast and accurate sending of signals. In the brain white matter is surrounded by grey matter most of the time. In the spine, white matter is outside, and grey matter inside: the myelin sourrounds the nerve cells, and helps the transmission of nerve signals.

paragraphs: White matter is used to connect different areas of grey matter. If a section of white matter is damaged, the brain may be able to find a different route to replace the lost connection. The brain contains a third kind of tissue, which appears darker. It is called substantia nigra, a part of the brain that is involved in pleasure & reward, addiction and movement.


title: Fefe Dobson

paragraphs: Fefe Dobson is a singer and songwriter from Canada. She has had several records, most notably her self titled debut album. This singer was born February 28, 1985. after her fruitful music career she ascended into internet stardom.


title: Achondroplasia

paragraphs: Achondroplasia is a form of Dwarfism. It is part of the chondrodystrophies or osteochondrodysplasias family which makes bones in a human's skeleton be too short or grow too slowly. It often affects the femur and humerus. It is caused by a dominant allele. That means only one parent has to have the gene. This gives a child a 50% chance of getting the condition. If both parents have the gene the chances are increased to 75%, but in 25% of the cases, it is very unlikely that the child would live more than a few months. However, the condition can also occur without either parent having the gene. Achondroplasia is caused by a change in the DNA for fibroblast growth factor receptor 3. This change affects the making of cartilage. Now that the part of the DNA that causes the condition is known, there is hope that new treatments may be developed.


title: Mason Jewett Field Airport

paragraphs: Mason Jewett Field is a public airport in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is one mile (1.85 km) southeast of Mason, in Ingham County. The airport is owned and operated by the Capital Region Airport Authority. The airport covers . The elevation is above sea level. The airport has one asphalt runway. There is no scheduled commercial airline service.

paragraphs: On December 16, 1943, Arthur Jewett bought of land for the airport. In 1944, the runway was built. In 1949 lights were installed on the runway. In March 1977, the Capital Region Airport Authority purchased the airport from Arthur Jewett.


title: Working Girl

paragraphs: Working Girl is a 1988 American romantic comedy-drama movie starring Melanie Griffith as a Staten Island-raised secretary working in a New York City bank. Also starring are Harrison Ford, Alec Baldwin, and Sigourney Weaver.


title: State capitalism

paragraphs: State capitalism is an economic system where the state government controls most or all steps of making a product. Capitalism is an economic system calling for the private ownership of factories and everything needed to make a product - called the "means of production".

paragraphs: In Free-market capitalism, "private ownership" means that one, or a few, private owners who own a business have control over the means of production, even though the workers are the people who "make" the products.


title: Patrick Stump

paragraphs: Patrick Vaughn Stump (born Patrick Martin Stumph on April 27th, 1984) is an American musician, best known as the lead singer, guitarist and composer of the American rock band Fall Out Boy. With the band he achieved widespread popularity and success. On January 2010 he announced he was working on a solo album after his band took a break in late 2009. He released his first solo song "Spotlight (song)" in two versions, "Spotlight (Oh Nostalgia)" and "Spotlight (New Regrets)" on November 29, 2010. On February 22, 2011, he released his first EP, "Truant Wave". He released his debut album called "Soul Punk" on October 18, 2011, of which he wrote every song, played every note, self-produced, and funded by himself.

paragraphs: On May 6, 2011 he leaked a track off his album "Soul Punk" called "Explode", uploading it to his YouTube channel. On July 26, 2011 he released the first single "This City" featuring Lupe Fiasco on iTunes.

paragraphs: Fall Out Boy formed in 2001. They released their mini-album "Fall Out Boy's Evening Out with Your Girlfriend" in 2003 and "Take This to Your Grave" in the same year.

paragraphs: In 2003, Stump and his band mates went on to sign with Island Records, and released the acoustic-based EP "My Heart Will Always Be the B-Side to My Tongue" CD and DVD in 2004. This was followed with their third studio album, "From Under the Cork Tree", which went double-platinum in 2005 and reached the top ten of the US chart, going on to sell over three million copies around the world. Their fourth studio album, "Infinity on High", was released in 2007 to continued commercial success. It started at number one on the US music album chart and in the top five around the world. Fall Out Boy's most recent album, "Folie à Deux", was released on December 23 and 16, 2008 in the United States/worldwide, respectively.

paragraphs: On February 6, 2010, E! Online reported that bassist Pete Wentz had told them "We're just on a break," and that he is more focused on being a father right now than he is on Fall Out Boy. Pete lastly added, "...I think I'll be OK. It's too soon to say that we'll be back. We just got burned out."


title: Maureen O'Hara

paragraphs: Maureen O'Hara (17 August 1920 – 24 October 2015) was an Irish-American actress and singer. She was born in Ranelagh, Dublin and was a naturalised American citizen. She starred in many movies. She is noted for usually playing fiercely passionate heroines in her movies.

paragraphs: O'Hara died in her sleep at her home in Boise, Idaho at the age of 95. She was buried next to her husband at Arlington National Cemetery.


title: Soul Punk

paragraphs: Soul Punk is the first studio album by American musician "Patrick Stump". The album was released on October 18, 2011. Stump's solo project was officially revealed in January 2010 and was later titled "Soul Punk". It is the first major musical project undertaken by Stump since Fall Out Boy's hiatus. The album is scheduled for release on October 18, 2011 through Island, with Stump officially announcing the release on July 25 via Twitter and the internet. The track "Explode" from the album was leaked on May 6, 2011 for promotion purposes.

paragraphs: The album's first single "This City" was released on July 26, 2011. The music video for the single will be released on September 20, 2011. The track features rapper Lupe Fiasco.


title: Porcelain (song)

paragraphs: "Porcelain" is a song by American electronica musician Moby. It is the third track from his album "Play". It was the sixth single from that album. The song was released on June 12, 2000 in the UK. It reached number 5 in the UK charts. This is Moby's highest chart position there so far. The song was released in the U.S. two months later, on August 22. It was in the 1998 movie "Playing by Heart" before it was released in the U.S. It was also on the soundtrack to the 2000 movie "The Beach".


title: Ken Starr

paragraphs: Ken Starr (born July 21, 1946) is a U.S. lawyer, a former federal U.S. Court of Appeals Judge and a Solicitor General. He was Independent Counsel (which was a special office that investigated government officials) while Bill Clinton was the President of the United States.

paragraphs: Starr filed the Starr Report, which accused President Clinton of lying in court about having an affair with an intern at the White House.


title: Norman Smiley

paragraphs: Norman Anthony Smiley (born February 28, 1965 in Northampton, England) is an English professional wrestler who is best known for the ring names, Norman Smiley and for wrestling for WCW. Smiley is currently working as a trainer and an on–air authority figure for Florida Championship Wrestling and WWE.

paragraphs: Smiley was the WCW Hardcore Champion two times during his career.


title: Linda B. Buck

paragraphs: Linda Diane Brown was born on January 29 in Seattle.

paragraphs: She changed her name to Linda Brown Buck after getting married to Roger Brent. She studied psychology and microbiology at the University of Washington in Seattle, graduating in 1975. Buck received her Ph.D. in immunology from University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas in 1980. She researched more at Columbia after her studies in doctoral research . There, she met Richard Axel. They worked together from 1984 to 1991, when Buck left New York for a teaching job. They researched primarily on the genetic and cellular mechanisms relating to an organism’s sense of smell. When she left New York, Buck worked at Harvard until 2002. She then joined the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center.

paragraphs: In 2004, Buck won the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine for her research on the sense of smell. She shared her Nobel Prize with Richard Axel. The two scientists made many new discoveries about Genetic and cellular Mechanisms responsible of the sense of smell in human beings and other organisms. In a series of experiments Buck (working independently from Axel) discovered how people separate different smells in their nose. She learned that people detect smells from odor in the air. Odors are released through many different substances. These molecules stimulate olfactory response cells in the nose. They send signals to the brain. Buck discovered that there are 350 smell receptors in the nose.


title: Richard Axel

paragraphs: Richard Axel (born July 2, 1946 in Brooklyn, New York City) is an American neuroscientist. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2004 for working on the olfactory receptors which he shared with Linda B. Buck.


title: David Baltimore

paragraphs: David Baltimore (born March 7, 1938 in New York City) is an American biologist. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1975 for discovering reverse transcriptase. He shared the prize with Howard Temin and Renato Dulbecco.

paragraphs: The discovery of reverse transcriptase was made at the same time as Howard Temin. It overturned the central dogma of molecular biology because it showed that genetic information could traffic both ways between DNA and RNA. They published these findings in back-to-back papers in the journal, "Nature".


title: Clifford the Big Red Dog

paragraphs: Clifford the Big Red Dog is a PBS Kids TV series. It is based on the book series "Clifford the Big Red Dog". It is about a dog that is big and red. He gets into trouble sometimes and has 2 best friends, Cleo and T-Bone. His owner, Emily Elizabeth, loves him very much and takes excellent care of him. In fact that's how he got so big.


title: Nathaniel Gorham

paragraphs: Nathaniel Gorham (May 27, 1738 – June 11, 1796) was the fourteenth President of the United States in Congress. He was also one of the signers of the United States Constitution. He was born in Charlestown, Massachusetts. His father was Nathaniel Gorham and his mother was Mary Soley. He was a delegate to the Continental Congress from 1782 until 1783, and also from 1785 until 1787. Gorham died in Charlestown, Massachusetts in June 11, 1796.


title: Rafflesiaceae

paragraphs: Rafflesiaceae is a family of flowering plants in the Malpighiales order. They are parasitic plants found in east and southeast Asia, including "Rafflesia arnoldii", the plant with the largest flower of all plants.


title: Righteous Kill

paragraphs: Righteous Kill is a 2008 crime thriller movie. Robert De Niro, Al Pacino, John Leguizamo and Donnie Wahlberg are in the movie. Curtis "50 Cent" Jackson also appears. The movie received mostly negative reviews from the critics.


title: China Airlines

paragraphs: China Airlines is the largest airline in Taiwan, and is the flag carrier of the Republic of China. It takes passenger and cargo to over 90 cities world-wide. Its main base or hub is at Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport. Mandarin Airlines, a sister airline and wholly-owned subsidiary of China Airlines, flies places in China and Asia.

paragraphs: China Airlines was started in 1959 as a company fully owned by the Republic of China Government. It had two PBY Amphibians when it just started.


title: Mandarin Airlines

paragraphs: Mandarin Airlines is an airline from Taiwan. It takes passenger and cargo to over 34 cities world-wide. Its main base is at Taichung International Airport.


title: Taipei Taoyuan International Airport

paragraphs: Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport () is the largest international airport in the Republic of China where most international flights depart and arrive everyday. Taipei Songshan Airport is in Taipei. It used to be the international airport of Taiwan. However as the number of people grew and a bigger airport was needed, there was no room to build more. In order to solve the problem, construction for new airport that can run 24 hours and meet the growing needs started. Taoyuan International Airport is in Taoyuan City.


title: Taichung International Airport

paragraphs: Taichung International Airport is an international airport in Taiwan.


title: Chagas disease

paragraphs: Chagas disease is a disease caused by the protozoan parasite "Trypanosoma cruzi". The disease is also known as American trypanosomiasis. It is common in Central and South America.

paragraphs: Carlos Chagas first described it in 1909. Humans are usually infected because they are bitten by a blood-sucking bug of the subfamily Triatominae. The disease can also be spread by blood transfusion, organ transplantation, or by eating food contaminated with the parasite. Pregnant women may spread it to the fetus.

paragraphs: The disease has four stages. It can be cured by anti-parasitic drugs. Between eight and eleven million people may suffer from the disease, but many do not know they are infected. Strategies of controlling the disease are mostly focused on eliminating the insect vector, and on preventing contamination from other sources.


title: Raymond Dart

paragraphs: Raymond Arthur Dart (4 February 1893 – 22 November 1988) was an Australian anatomist and anthropologist, who worked for much of his life in South Africa.

paragraphs: In 1924 he discovered the first fossil of an Australopithecine, at Taung in Northwestern South Africa (now Botswana). It was "Australopithecus africanus", an extinct hominid closely related to humans. This was a great event in the study of human evolution.

paragraphs: Dart was born in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, the son of a farmer and tradesman. He studied at the University of Queensland, the University of Sydney and University College London, before taking a position as head of the newly established department of anatomy at the University of Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa in 1922.

paragraphs: Because he was an Australian, and not a part of the scientific establishment, and because he found the fossil in Africa, and not Europe or Asia, where the establishment looked to for man's origins, his findings were initially dismissed.

paragraphs: Dart's closest ally was Robert Broom whose discoveries of further Australopithecines (and Wilfrid Le Gros Clark's support) eventually vindicated Dart. So much so that in 1947, Sir Arthur Keith said "...Dart was right, and I was wrong."


title: Metamorphosis (Hilary Duff album)

paragraphs: Metamorphosis is the second album by Hilary Duff. It was released in 2003. The album became Duff's first number one album in the United States.


title: MuchMusic

paragraphs: "MuchMusic" is a Canadian TV channel. MuchMusic is dedicated to music, music-related programs, pop and youth culture. One of its popular program is the "Top 30 Countdown".It is similar to MTV.


title: Slant Magazine

paragraphs: Slant Magazine is an online magazine which includes reviews of movies, music, TV, DVDs, theater, and video games. It also has interviews with actors, directors, and musicians.


title: Chris Applebaum

paragraphs: Chris Applebaum is an American music video director. He has filmed music videos for many famous musicians including Rihanna, Hilary Duff, and Britney Spears. Twenty-one of his music videos have become #1 on MTV.


title: Trypanosomiasis

paragraphs: Trypanosomiasis is the name for several diseases, caused by parasites of the genus "Tryposoma":

paragraphs: There are also various diseases that only affect animals, caused by such parasites, amongst others:


title: Al-Waleed bin Talal

paragraphs: Prince Al-Waleed bin Talal (also spelled Waleed bin Talal) (; born 7 March 1955) is a member of the Saudi Royal Family. He is the nephew of the Saudi Arabian King Abdullah. An entrepreneur and international investor but without real political power within the House of Saud or in Saudi Arabia, he has amassed a fortune through investments in real estate and the stock market.As of March 2010, his net worth is estimated at US$19.4 billion, up from $13.3 billion, according to Forbes, making him the 19th richest person in the world on their list published in March 2010. He has been nicknamed by "Time" magazine as the "Arabian Warren Buffett".

paragraphs: Talal bought the super yacht Kingdom5KR. It had been owned by Donald Trump and called the "Trump Princess". The yacht, built in 1980, was used in the James Bond movie, Never Say Never Again. It has 11 cabins, can take 22 guests and has a crew of 31.

paragraphs: On 4 November 2017, he was arrested in Saudi Arabia, in an anti-corruption raid, together with, among others, Waleed bin Ibrahim Al Ibrahim and Saleh Abdullah Kamel.

paragraphs: Al-Waleed was released from detention on 27 January 2018, following a financial settlement of some kind, after nearly three months in detention.


title: Robert Broom

paragraphs: Professor Robert Broom (Paisley, 30 November 1866 – 6 April 1951) was a Scottish, and later South African, doctor and palaeontologist.

paragraphs: He qualified as a medical practitioner in 1895 and received his DSc in 1905 from the University of Glasgow. In 1893 he married Mary Baird Baillie.

paragraphs: From 1903 to 1910 he was Professor of Zoology and Geology at Victoria College, Stellenbosch, South Africa, and subsequently he became keeper of vertebrate palaeontology at the South African Museum, Cape Town.

paragraphs: Broom was first known for his study of mammal-like reptiles. After Raymond Dart's discovery of the Taung Child, an infant australopithecine, Broom's interest in palaeoanthropology was heightened. Broom's career seemed over and he was sinking into poverty, when Dart wrote to Jan Smuts about the situation. Smuts put pressure on the South African government, and managed to get a position for Broom. In 1934 he joined the staff of the Transvaal Museum in Pretoria as Assistant in Palaeontology.

paragraphs: In the following years, he and John T. Robinson made a series of spectacular finds, including fragments from six hominids in Sterkfontein, which they named "Plesianthropus transvaalensis", but which was later classified as an adult "Australopithecus africanus", as well as more discoveries at sites in Kromdraai and Swartkrans.

paragraphs: In 1937, Broom made his most famous discovery of "Paranthropus robustus". These discoveries helped support Dart's claims for the Taung species.

paragraphs: The remainder of Broom's career was devoted to the exploration of these sites and the interpretation of the many early hominid remains discovered there. For his volume, "The South Africa fossil ape-men, the Australopithecinae", in which he proposed the Australopithecinae subfamily, Broom was awarded the Daniel Giraud Elliot Medal from the National Academy of Sciences in 1946. He continued to write to the very last. Shortly before his death he finished a monograph on the Australopithecines and remarked to his nephew:<br>

paragraphs: "More than any scientist before or since, Broom's work on "Australopithecus" fundamentally revised the study of fossil man... The significant point is that Broom assigned all except one of these to a single zoological subfamily the australopithecines, and made it quite clear that [they] were good candidates for the ancestry of mankind".


Libertarian Party


title: Francisco J. Ayala

paragraphs: Francisco José Ayala was born March 12, 1934 in Madrid, Spain. He is a Spanish-American biologist and philosopher at the University of California, Irvine.

paragraphs: He is a former Dominican priest, ordained in 1960, but left the priesthood that same year.

paragraphs: After graduating from the University of Salamanca, he moved to the United States in 1961 to study for a PhD at Columbia University. There, he studied for his doctorate under Theodosius Dobzhansky, graduating in 1964. He became a U.S. citizen in 1971.

paragraphs: He has been President and Chairman of the Board of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

paragraphs: Ayala has published 950 papers and 30 books. Recently published books include:


title: The Sorcerer's Apprentice (2010 movie)

paragraphs: The Sorcerer's Apprentice is a 2010 American fantasy adventure movie starring Nicolas Cage and Alfred Molina. The movie is named after "The Sorcerer's Apprentice" part in Disney's "Fantasia"

paragraphs: Balthazar Blake (Nicolas Cage) is a master sorcerer in modern-day Manhattan trying to defend the city from his arch-nemesis, Maxim Horvath (Alfred Molina). Balthazar can not do it alone, so he recruits Dave Stutler (Jay Baruchel), a seemingly average guy who demonstrates hidden potential, as his reluctant protégé. The sorcerer gives his unwilling accomplice a crash course in the art and science of magic, and together, these unlikely partners work to stop the forces of darkness. It'll take all the courage Dave can muster to survive his training, save the city and get the girl as he becomes The Sorcerer's Apprentice.


title: Kevin Dineen

paragraphs: Kevin William Dineen (born October 28, 1963 in Quebec City, Quebec) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey right winger. He lived in Cape Elizabeth, Maine and moved Florida in 2010. He played a career total of played 21 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Hartford Whalers, Philadelphia Flyers, Carolina Hurricanes, Ottawa Senators, and Columbus Blue Jackets. He is currently the assistant coach of the Chicago Blackhawks. He was the head coach of the Florida Panthers from 2011–2013.

paragraphs: Dineen also scored the last goal ever for the Hartford Whalers in a 2–1 win against the Tampa Bay Lightning.

paragraphs: On January 6, 2006, He had his playing number 11 retired by the American Hockey League's Hartford Wolf Pack.


title: Lithuanian Wikipedia

paragraphs: The Lithuanian Wikipedia is the Lithuanian language edition of Wikipedia. This edition was started in 2003.

paragraphs: As of October 2015, it is the 40th largest edition of Wikipedia by number of articles.


title: Chevrolet Avalanche

paragraphs: The Chevrolet Avalanche is a four-door sport utility truck. It is sold by General Motors' Chevrolet brand in the United States. The Avalanche was first made in 2002 and the second generation was first shown at the Chicago Auto Show in February 2006. It is named after the sudden collapse of mountain snowpacks that are known as Avalanches. There have been two generations of the Chevrolet Avalanche with the second one being made in 2007.


title: Chris Campoli

paragraphs: Chris Campoli (born July 9, 1984 in Mississauga, Ontario) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player that currently plays for the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League as a defencemen. He also played for the New York Islanders from 2005 to 2008, the Ottawa Senators from 2008 to 2011 and the Chicago Blackhawks in 2011.

paragraphs: Campoli was traded to the Chicago Blackhawks, along with Conditional 7th-Round Draft Pick for Conditional 2nd-Round Draft Pick in 2011 and Ryan Potulny on February 28, 2011. He was signed as a free agent by the Montreal Canadiens to a one-year, $1,750,000 deal.


title: Jiří Tlustý

paragraphs: Jiří Tlustý (born March 16, 1988 in Slaný, Czechoslovakia) is a Czech NHL ice hockey left winger. He currently plays for the Carolina Hurricanes.

paragraphs: Before playing in the NHL, Tlustý played 1 season with HC Kladno of the Czech Extraliga and 1 season with the Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). He was drafted by the Toronto Maple Leafs with the 13th overall pick in the 2006 NHL Entry Draft. He played 3 seasons with the Maple Leafs.

paragraphs: The Maple Leafs traded Tlustý to the Carolina Hurricanes in exchange for Philippe Paradis.


title: Cradle 2 the Grave

paragraphs: Cradle 2 the Grave is a 2003 action movie that was produced by Joel Silver and directed by Andrzej Bartkowiak. The movie was released on February 28, 2003 in the United States and on March 20, 2004 in Hong Kong.


title: Ben Carson

paragraphs: Benjamin S. "Ben" Carson, Sr (born September 18, 1951) is an American neurosurgeon and politician. He is the 17th and current United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. After graduating from Yale University, Carson went to University of Michigan Medical School, and was later accepted to Johns Hopkins University.

paragraphs: In 2008, Carson was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom from George W. Bush. He was the Director of Pediatric Neurosurgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital. He is known for, among other accomplishments, being the first doctor to separate twins that were joined together at the head.

paragraphs: Carson was born in Detroit, Michigan to Sonya Copeland and to Robert Carson. He studied at Yale University and at the University of Michigan.

paragraphs: Carson was a professor of neurosurgery, oncology, plastic surgery, and pediatrics, and he was the director of pediatric neurosurgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital. At 33, he became the youngest major division director in the hospital's history as director of pediatric neurosurgery. He was also a co-director of the Johns Hopkins Craniofacial Center.

paragraphs: He was the first surgeon to successfully separate conjoined twins joined at the head. In 2008 he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President George W. Bush. After delivering a widely publicized speech at the 2013 National Prayer Breakfast, he became a popular conservative figure in political media for his views on social and political issues.

paragraphs: In March 2013, Carson announced he would retire as a surgeon, stating "I'd much rather quit when I'm at the top of my game". His retirement became official on July 1, 2013.

paragraphs: Carson ran for the Republican nomination for President of the United States in the 2016 election.

paragraphs: On March 2 following the 2016 Super Tuesday primaries, Carson announced that while he was not suspending his campaign he "did not see a 'path forward'" and would not attend the next Republican debate in Detroit. On March 4, 2016, Carson suspended his presidential campaign. He later endorsed Donald Trump.

paragraphs: On December 5, 2016, Donald Trump nominated Carson for the job of United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.

paragraphs: On March 2, 2017, Carson was confirmed by the United States Senate in a 58–41 vote.

paragraphs: Carson married Candy Carson in 1975. They have three children. He is a member of the Seventh-day Adventist Church.


title: Open Season (movie)

paragraphs: Open Season is a 2006 animated-comedy movie that was directed by Jill Culton, Roger Allers, and Anthony Stacchi and produced by Michelle Murdocca, Amy Jupiter, Steve Moore, and John B. Carls. The movie was released on September 29, 2006 and received mixed reviews from reviewers.

paragraphs: In the tranquil town of Timberline, 900-pound grizzly bear Boog (Martin Lawrence) enjoys a captive, but happy existence. He spends his day as the star attraction of the town's nature show and spends his nights living the life of luxury in the garage of the park ranger Beth (Debra Messing), who raised Boog since he was a cub.

paragraphs: One day, the hunting fanatic Shaw (Gary Sinise) drives into town with the one-antlered buck mule deer, Elliot (Ashton Kutcher) strapped to the hood of his truck. Boog accidentally wakes him and the two scream in terror. With Boog reluctant to intervene, Elliot begs Boog to help. At the last minute and against his better judgement, Boog frees Elliot before Shaw can go after him. Boog never expects to see his "buddy" again.

paragraphs: Elliot follows Boog home and finds him sleeping in the garage and starts to throw rabbits at the window to wake him. Elliot tells Boog the he is intent on returning the favor by "freeing" him from his garage captivity. Boog refuses to go with Elliot, but he still goes with Elliot when Elliot shows him a chocolate bar (which he calls a Woo Hoo Bar) and tells him that they can get more outside. Elliot begins to introduce Boog to a world of sweet temptations outside of the garage that he has never known. The two head for "Puni Mart", a convenience store. Boog and Elliot ransack the Puni Mart, causing a mess. Elliot escapes before Boog is caught by a friend of Beth, Sheriff Gordy (Gordon Tootoosis). Back home, Gordy tells Beth that it would be better if Boog were released into the wild.

paragraphs: During the nature show, Elliot, chased by Shaw, runs backstage and locks the door. Boog gets mad remembering the events Elliot made him go through. Boog attacks the buck, making the audience panic (because it looks as of Boog is killing Elliot behind the curtain) before Boog threatens to kill Elliot. The two crash out of the curtains. Shaw prepares to shoot Boog, but the bear is instead shot by Beth with a tranquilizer gun; she shoots Elliot as well (six times in the butt). The duo are released into the Timberline National Forest, only three days before the start of open season.

paragraphs: Boog wakes up and realizes he has been released into the forest, and threatens to throw Elliot off a cliff, stating that Elliot drove him to this. Boog eventually throws Elliot into the air rather than throwing him off the cliff. Elliot's antlers get stuck in the ground, and while Boog goes around the forest in circles in search of Timberline, Elliot tries to break free. Boog decides to get familiar with the forest and tries to climb up a tree, but is attacked by a Scottish red squirrel called McSquizzy (Billy Connolly) and his gang. Soon, Boog gives up and frees Elliot and takes him as his hapless guide to get him back home to Timberline to reunite with Beth. But in the woods, they quickly learn that it's every animal for itself. The two run into their share of the forest animals including hot-tempered skunks (Nika Futterman and Michelle Murdocca), psychotic ducks (Danny Mann and Maddie Taylor) and panic-stricken rabbits. They also run into critters such as Reilly (Jon Favreau) and his beaver construction worker team, and a porcupine (Maddie Taylor) who's in search of a buddy. With each adverse encounter, Boog learns a little about self-reliance and Elliot gains self-respect. Elliot finds his herd crush, a pretty female, Giselle (Jane Krakowski), but is also found by the herd leader, Ian (Patrick Warburton), a "jock" mule deer who had forced Elliot out of the herd before. They walk away from Ian's taunting, realizing that they've obtained true friendship.

paragraphs: Elliot tries to lead Boog out of the forest, but gets lost. Boog realizes they are meeting the same animals again and again. After winding up at Reilly's dam, Boog and Elliot are confronted by Shaw. Boog tries to run over the dam, but it's not a "load bearing structure". It breaks under his weight and the rush of water washes everyone in the forest, including Shaw, to the clearing below the 'falls.

paragraphs: Everyone blames Boog, but he accuses Elliot of lying to him about leading him home. Elliot confesses, saying he wanted Boog as a friend and thought if they just spent time together it would work out. Angry, Boog leaves, attempting to find Timberline on his own. He unwittingly find Shaw's log cabin. Shaw discovers him and pursues him. Boog flees to the city road where he finds trucks with hunters in them, zooming past him and he soon finds the glowing lights of Timberline. Instead of deserting his companions, Boog decides to take Elliot with him, but the other animals want to live in the garage too, but they realize there is no way out because the hunters have already gathered around the forest. Boog decides that they should defend themselves, and they collect supplies from Bob and Bobby's (two scientists) RV while their pet dachshund Mr. Weenie (Cody Cameron) joins the animals.

paragraphs: The following day, Boog witnesses the hunters coming, and sends a signal to the animals by flinging one of the mule deers of the herd in the air. Elliot receives the signal and sends out the ducks, who are carrying skunks, into the air, causing stinky green air to flow around the forest. Meanwhile, Elliot and the squirrels ride on the mule deers and charge. On the other side, Boog and the other animals charge too, causing a big rampage. The ducks drop a tank of gas (called "Mr. Happy" by McSquizzy) onto one of the hunters trucks, but it goes out, so McSquizzy flings some dynamite into the air, and all the trucks blow up, and the hunters all run away. All the animals start celebrating. Suddenly, Shaw appears, and attempts to kill Boog with his gun, but Elliot shoots things that they had stolen from the RV. One of the objects hits the gun, and the gun falls out of reach. Shaw then proceeds to attack Boog with his hunting knife. Boog beats him with a golf club Elliot had shot. Shaw, within reaching distance of his gun, grabs it, and attempts to shoot Boog. Elliot takes the bullet meant for Boog, enraging Boog who tackles Shaw, roars loudly in his face, then ties him up with his own gun. Boog finds that Elliot survived the wound, only losing his second antler in the fight. Beth returns to take Boog back home where he will be safe, but he instead stays with his friends. They both realize that the bear "is" at home in the forest.

paragraphs: The idea for the movie came from cartoonist Steve Moore, known for his comic strip "In the Bleachers". Moore and producer John Carls submitted the story to Sony in June 2002, and the movie immediately went into development. On February 29, 2004, Sony Pictures Animation announced the beginning of the production on its first CGI animated feature, "Open Season".

paragraphs: The movie location was inspired by the towns of Sun Valley, Idaho and McCall, Idaho, and the Sawtooth National Forest. References to the Lawn Lake, Colorado, Dam flood, Longs Peak, and other points of interest in the area are depicted in the movie.

paragraphs: The Sony animation team developed a digital tool called shapers that allowed the animators to re-shape the character models into stronger poses and silhouettes and subtle distortions such as squash, stretch, and smears, typical of traditional, hand-drawn animation.

paragraphs: Martin Lawrence and Ashton Kutcher, the voices of Boog and Elliot, never met during production.

paragraphs: "Open Season" received mixed reviews from critics. Critics of Rotten Tomatoes gave the movie 48% with the consensus "Open Season is a cliched palette of tired jokes and CG animal shenanigans that have been seen multiple times this cinematic year."

paragraphs: Kevin Smith gave the movie a good review during an appearance as a guest critic on "At the Movies with Ebert and Roeper" saying "If your kids like poop jokes as much as I do, "Open Season" will put a big smile on their faces." However, Richard Roeper gave the movie a mixed review saying "It's just okay, the animation is uninspired."

paragraphs: The movie opened #1 with $23 million on its opening weekend. It grossed $85.1 million in the United States and $104.8 million in foreign countries making $189.9 million worldwide.

paragraphs: "Rolling Stone" gave the movie's soundtrack three stars out of five, as did Allmusic.

paragraphs: "Open Season" was released on DVD, Blu-ray, and UMD Video on January 30, 2007. It was later released on 3D Blu-ray on November 16, 2010.

paragraphs: A TV show, "Boog and Elliot's Big Adventure", was to air in March 2012.

paragraphs: A video game based on the movie was released on many platforms in 2006/2007.

paragraphs: "Open Season" was given two direct-to-video sequels: "Open Season 2" (which was in 2009), and "Open Season 3" (which was in 2011).


title: Rosemary Clooney

paragraphs: Rosemary Clooney (May 23, 1928 - June 29, 2002) was an American singer and actress. She was born in Maysville, Kentucky. She became known with her song "Come On-a My House". She starred in many movies. She was diagnosed with bipolar disorder and died of lung cancer in Beverly Hills, California.

paragraphs: Her brother is television presenter Nick Clooney (born 1934). His nephew was actor George Clooney and was the mother of actor Miguel Ferrer.


title: Honda Civic

paragraphs: The Honda Civic is a subcompact and compact car that is built by the Honda company. The Civic has had 10 generations. The Honda Civic has been built and sold since 1972. The 8th and later generation Civics have a digital speedometer. The Civic DX, LX, LX-S / Sport, and EX are available with an automatic or manual transmission. The highest trim levels are the Civic Si and Type R, which are only available with a manual transmission and come with a more powerful engine. The Acura CSX, sold only in Canada, is based on and nearly identical to the eighth generation (2006-2011) Civic.


title: Honda Today

paragraphs: The Honda Today was a line of kei cars that were built by the Honda company. The Today was made from 1985 to 1998. The Honda Today was replaced by the Honda Life.


title: Norma (constellation)

paragraphs: The constellation Norma is a small group of stars in the southern hemisphere between Scorpius and Centaurus. Its name is Latin for normal and can mean a right angle. The constellation may be pictured as a ruler, a carpenter's square, a set square, or a level.

paragraphs: Because it is on the Milky Way, this constellation contains many deep sky objects. Galaxy NGC 6087 is a highly visible one.

paragraphs: Shapley 1 is a planetary nebula about 1,000 lightyears away from Earth.


title: Norma

paragraphs: Norma is a popular girl's name. Norma may also several other things:


title: Lethbridge

paragraphs: Lethbridge is a city in the Canadian province of Alberta.

paragraphs: The population is 86,659 from the 2010 municipal census.

paragraphs: Lethbridge is also home to a Western Hockey League team called the Lethbridge Hurricanes.


title: Andy Panda

paragraphs: 'Andrew "Andy" Panda' is a fictional panda. He was created by Walter Lantz for Universal Studios in the 1930s -1940s from 1939-1949.

paragraphs: His girlfriend was Miranda Panda. He introduced Woody Woodpecker in 1940's Knock Knock. He was one of Walter Lantz's staples (the others being Woody Woodpecker, Oswald Rabbit, Chilly Willy). His last appearance was in 1949's "Scrappy Birthday". In comics he was often paired with Charlie Chicken.


title: Bridgeport Sound Tigers

paragraphs: The Bridgeport Sound Tigers are an American professional ice hockey team that was founded in 2001. They play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the New York Islanders. They play in Bridgeport, Connecticut at the Webster Bank Arena. Their ECHL affiliate team is the Kalamazoo Wings.


title: Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins

paragraphs: The Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 1999 they currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the Pittsburgh Penguins of the NHL. They play their home games in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania at the Mohegan Sun Arena at Casey Plaza. Their ECHL affiliate team is the Wheeling Nailers.


title: Hartford Wolf Pack

paragraphs: The Hartford Wolf Pack are an American professional ice hockey team. It originally began playing in the Canadian-American Hockey League in 1926 as the Providence Reds.

paragraphs: They currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the New York Rangers of the NHL. They play their home games in Hartford, Connecticut at the XL Center. Their ECHL affiliate team is the Greenville Road Warriors. They were also known as the Hartford Wolf Pack from 1997 to 2010. The changed their name to the Connecticut Whale in October 2010 to honor of the former Hartford Whalers of the National Hockey League. They changed their name back to the Hartford Wolf Pack after the 2012–13 AHL season.


title: Daniel Dennett

paragraphs: Daniel Clement Dennett III (born March 28, 1942 in Boston, Massachusetts) is an American philosopher, neuroscientist, and cognitive scientist. He is also an atheist.


title: Manchester Monarchs

paragraphs: The Manchester Monarchs are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 2001. They currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the Los Angeles Kings of the NHL. They play their home games in Manchester, New Hampshire at the Verizon Wireless Arena. Their ECHL affiliate team is the Ontario Reign. They have won 2 regular season titles.


title: Devin Hester

paragraphs: Devin Hester (born November 4, 1982 in Riviera Beach, Florida) is an American football return specialist for the Atlanta Falcons. Hester was drafted out of the University of Miami by the Chicago Bears with the 57th pick in the second round of the 2006 NFL Draft. Hester won an ESPY Award in 2007 for the Breakthrough Player of the Year.


title: Hunter Cantwell

paragraphs: Hunter Cantwell (born December 30, 1985 in Chattanooga, Tennessee) is a retired American football quarterback who played for on the practice squad for the Carolina Panthers and the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League (NFL). Cantwell played college football at the University of Louisville. He was undrafted and started his NFL career in 2009 and ended his NFL career in 2011. He is currently the quarterbacks coach for Campbellsville University.


title: University of Louisville

paragraphs: The University of Louisville is a public university in Louisville, Kentucky. The university has about 19,743 students. It was founded in 1798. The current president of the university is Neeli Bendapudi.

paragraphs: The sports teams of the university are called the Cardinals. They have 21 varsity teams that compete in the Atlantic Coast Conference.


title: University of South Florida

paragraphs: The University of South Florida is a public university in Tampa, Florida. The university has about 45,713 students. It was founded in 1956. The current president of the university is Judy Genshaft.

paragraphs: The athletics teams of the university are called the Bulls. They have 15 varsity teams and they compete in the American Athletic Conference.


title: West Virginia University

paragraphs: West Virginia University is a public university in Morgantown, West Virginia. The university has about 29,306 students. It was founded in 1867. The current president of the university is E. Gordon Gee, who is in his second stint as president.

paragraphs: The athletics teams of the university are called the Mountaineers. They have 17 varsity teams and now compete mainly in the Big 12 Conference, after leaving their longtime home, the Big East Conference, in July 2012. WVU has separate conference memberships in two sports. In men's soccer, a sport not sponsored by the Big 12, the Mountaineers play in the Mid-American Conference. In rifle shooting, also not sponsored by the Big 12, the Mountaineers are in the Great America Rifle Conference.


title: Agency

paragraphs: An agency is an organization which acts on behalf of others. There are commercial agencies, and government agencies. Dictionary.com defines 'agency': "an organization, company, or bureau that provides some service for another: a welfare agency". Actors, models, authors, sportspeople all have agents or agencies.

paragraphs: A bureau is agency within an agency. For example:

paragraphs: In the United States, government agencies include the United States Department of Homeland Security, which has the job of protecting U.S. citizens; the United States Department of Education, which sets certain rules for how U.S. schools are to be run; and the United States Department of the Treasury, which helps keep track of the nation's money supply.


title: Acanthodii

paragraphs: Acanthodii (sometimes called spiny sharks) is a class of extinct fishes, having features of both bony fish (Osteichthyes) and cartilaginous fish (Chondrichthyes). They appeared in the early Silurian (430 mya) and lasted until the late Permian (250 mya). The earliest ancanthodians were marine, but during the Devonian, freshwater species became predominant. They are distinguished in two respects: they were the first known jawed vertebrates, and they had stout spines supporting their fins, fixed in place and non-movable (like a shark's dorsal fin).


title: Villanova University

paragraphs: The Villanova University is a private university in Villanova, Pennsylvania. The university has about 9,535 students. It was founded in 1842. The current president of the university is Rev. Peter M. Donohue, O.S.A. .

paragraphs: The athletics teams of the university are called the Wildcats. They have 24 varsity teams, most of which compete in the Big East Conference. The football team plays in the Colonial Athletic Association, and the women's rowing team is a member of the American Athletic Conference.


title: University of Connecticut

paragraphs: The University of Connecticut or sometimes referred to as UCONN for short is a public university in Storrs and Mansfield, Connecticut. The university has about 28,677 students. It was founded in 1881. The current president of the university is Dr. Philip E. Austin.

paragraphs: The athletics teams of the university are called the UConn Huskies. They have 25 varsity teams, all competing in NCAA Division I and most in the Big East Conference. The Huskies have varying conference homes in sports not played by the Big East:

paragraphs: UConn will shut down four of its teams at the end of the 2020–21 school year—men's teams in cross country, swimming & diving, and tennis, plus women's rowing.


title: Seton Hall University

paragraphs: Seton Hall University is a private Roman Catholic university in South Orange, New Jersey, United States. It was started in 1856 by Archbishop James Roosevelt Bayley. Seton Hall is the oldest diocesan university in the United States. Seton Hall is also the oldest and largest Catholic university in New Jersey. The university is known for its programs in business, law, education, nursing, and diplomacy.

paragraphs: Seton Hall is made up of eight different schools and colleges. It has about 5,200 undergraduate students and about 4,400 graduate students. Its School of Law has 1,200 students. "US News & World Report" lists the School of Law as one of the top 100 law schools in the United States.In 2011, Seton Hall's Stillman School of Business is ranked 88 out of the top 100 undergraduate business schools. It is #3 in the state of New Jersey according to BusinessWeek.

paragraphs: The Seton Hall College of Medicine and Dentistry was the first school of medicine in the State of New Jersey. The state took over the school in 1965. It is now the New Jersey Medical School, part of the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey.

paragraphs: The school's sports teams are called the Pirates. They play in the NCAA's Division I and in the Big East Conference. The college started its first basketball team in 1903. Seton Hall stopped having a football team in 1982.

paragraphs: Seton Hall athletics is best known for its men's basketball team. The team won the National Invitation Tournament (NIT) in 1953. It lost in the finals of the 1989 NCAA Tournament to Michigan, 80–79 in overtime. Seton Hall currently has teams at the Division I level in baseball, basketball, women's basketball, cross country running, men's golf, soccer, women's soccer, softball, swimming, diving, women's tennis, indoor and outdoor track & field, and volleyball.

paragraphs: Seton Hall also has club sports in ice hockey, rugby union, and Men's volleyball. Almost all the Seton Hall sports have their home field on the South Orange campus. The men's ice hockey team and the men's basketball team play at the Prudential Center in Newark, New Jersey.


title: DePaul University

paragraphs: DePaul University is a private university in Chicago, Illinois. The university has about 24,008 students. It was founded in 1898. The current president of the university is A. Gabriel Esteban, PhD. It was named after 17th-century French priest Saint Vincent de Paul.

paragraphs: DePaul's two main campuses are located in Lincoln Park and the Loop. The Lincoln Park Campus is home to the Colleges of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, Science and Health, and Education. The Loop campus is home to Colleges of Business, Law and Technology.

paragraphs: Since 1998, DePaul University has been the largest Catholic university in the United States.

paragraphs: The university enrolls around 16,000 undergraduate and about 7,600 graduate/law students, making DePaul the 13th largest private university by enrollment in the United States, and the largest private university in Illinois. According to the Division of Student Affairs website, about 90% of DePaul's students commute or live off campus. The student body represents a wide array of religious, ethnic, and geographic backgrounds, including over 60 foreign countries.

paragraphs: The athletics teams of the university are called the Blue Demons. They have 13 varsity teams and they compete in the Big East Conference.


title: Marquette University

paragraphs: Marquette University is a private, coeducational, Roman Catholic university in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The university has about 11,599 students. It was founded in 1898. The current president of the university is Rev. Robert A. Wild, S.J. .

paragraphs: The athletics teams of the university are called the Golden Eagles. They have 10 varsity teams and they compete in the Big East Conference.


title: Providence College

paragraphs: Providence College is a private, Roman Catholic university in Providence, Rhode Island. The university has about 4,585 students. It was founded in 1917. The current president of the university is Fr. Brian J. Shanley, O.P. .

paragraphs: The athletics teams of the university are called the Friars. They have 19 varsity teams and they compete in the Big East Conference.


title: St. John's University (New York City)

paragraphs: St. John's University is a private, coeducational, Roman Catholic university in Queens, New York. The university has about 20,069 students. It was founded in 1870. The current president of the university is Rev. Donald J. Harrington. There is also a campus in Paris, France and Rome, Italy.

paragraphs: The athletics teams of the university are called the Red Storm. They have 17 varsity teams and they compete in the Big East Conference.


title: University of Cincinnati

paragraphs: The University of Cincinnati is a public university in Cincinnati, Ohio. The university has about 41,357 students. It was founded in 1819. The current president of the university is Gregory H. Williams.

paragraphs: The athletics teams of the university are called the Bearcats. They have 18 varsity teams and they compete in the American Athletic Conference.


title: University of Wyoming

paragraphs: The University of Wyoming is a public university in Laramie, Wyoming. The university has about 13,657 students. It was founded in 1886. The current president of the university is Tom Buchanan. Dick Cheney went to the University of Wyoming.

paragraphs: The athletics teams of the university are called the Cowboys for the men and the Cowgirls for the women. They are commonly known as the Pokes. They have 17 varsity teams and they compete in the Mountain West Conference.


title: University of Nevada, Las Vegas

paragraphs: The University of Nevada, Las Vegas, often known as UNLV, is a public, coeducational university in Paradise, Nevada. The university has about 29,069 students. It was founded in 1957. The current president of the university is Neal J. Smatresk.

paragraphs: The athletics teams of the university are called the Rebels and Runnin' Rebels for basketball. They have 16 varsity teams and they compete in the Mountain West Conference.


title: Carol Channing

paragraphs: Carol Elaine Channing (January 31, 1921 – January 15, 2019) was an American stand-up comedian, actress, singer, dancer and voice artist. She received three Tony Awards. Channing played Lorelei in the movie "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes" and played Dolly in the movie "Hello, Dolly!".

paragraphs: Channing was born Carol Elaine Channing in Seattle, Washington on January 31, 1921. When she left home to go to Bennington College her mother told her that her father's mother was African-American.

paragraphs: Channing died on January 15, 2019, of complications from a stroke at her home in Rancho Mirage, California, sixteen days before her 98th birthday.


title: University of New Mexico

paragraphs: The University of New Mexico is a public university in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The university has about 34,674 students. It was founded in 1889. The current president of the university is David J. Schmidly.

paragraphs: The athletics teams of the university are called the Lobos. They have 16 varsity teams, most of which compete in the Mountain West Conference (MW). New Mexico has separate conference memberships in two sports that the MW does not sponsor. In skiing, the Lobos are members of the Rocky Mountain Intercollegiate Ski Association. In men's soccer, New Mexico is a member of Conference USA.


title: University of Iowa

paragraphs: The University of Iowa is a college in Iowa City, Iowa. It was founded in 1847.


title: San Diego State University

paragraphs: San Diego State University or SDSU for short is a public university in San Diego, California, and a part of the California State University system. The university has about 33,790 students. It was founded in 1897. The current president of the university is Elliot Hirshman.

paragraphs: The athletics teams of the university are called the Aztecs. They have 17 varsity teams, most of which compete in the Mountain West Conference (MW). Three teams have separate conference memberships in sports that the MW does not sponsor. The women's rowing team is a member of the American Athletic Conference, the men's soccer team plays in the Pacific-12 Conference, and the women's water polo team plays in the Golden Coast Conference.


title: Boise State University

paragraphs: Boise State University is a public university in Boise, Idaho. The university has about 19,993 students. It was founded in 1974. The current president of the university is Robert W. Kustra.

paragraphs: The athletics teams of the university are called the Broncos. They have 17 varsity teams, almost all of which compete in the Mountain West Conference..


title: Troy University

paragraphs: Troy University is a public university in Troy, Alabama. The university has about 30,000 students. It was founded in 1887. The current chancellor of the university is Jack Hawkins, Jr.

paragraphs: The athletics teams of the university are called the Trojans. They have 18 varsity teams and they compete in the Sun Belt Conference.


title: Jaclyn Smith

paragraphs: Jaclyn Smith (born October 26, 1945 in Houston, Texas) is an American actress. She played Kelly Garrett in the television series "Charlie's Angels" from 1976 to 1981. She also acted in many television movies.


title: University of North Texas

paragraphs: The University of North Texas is a public university in Denton, Texas. The university has about 36,206 students. It was founded in 1890. The current president of the university is V. Lane Rawlins.

paragraphs: The athletics teams of the university are called the Mean Green. They have 18 varsity teams and they compete in Conference USA.


title: Western Kentucky University

paragraphs: Western Kentucky University is a public university in Bowling Green, Kentucky. The university has about 20,712 students. It was founded in 1906. The current president of the university is Dr. Gary A. Ransdell.

paragraphs: The athletics teams of the university for men are called the Hilltoppers and the athletics teams for the women are called the Lady Toppers. They have 17 varsity teams, all of which play in Conference USA.


title: Kurt Thomas (basketball)

paragraphs: Kurt Vincent Thomas (born October 4, 1972 in Dallas, Texas) is an American basketball player. He currently plays for the Chicago Bulls as a Power forward and Center.

paragraphs: He was drafted out of Texas Christian University in the 1995 NBA Draft in the 1st round with the 10th pick by the Miami Heat.

paragraphs: He has also played with the Miami Heat from 1995 to 1997, Dallas Mavericks from 1997 to 1998, New York Knicks from 1998 to 2005, Phoenix Suns from 2005 to 2007, Seattle SuperSonics from 2007 to 2008, San Antonio Spurs from 2008 to 2009 and the Milwaukee Bucks from 2009 to 2010.


title: The Adjustment Bureau

paragraphs: The Adjustment Bureau is a 2011 American romance science fiction thriller movie set in 2006. It was produced by George Nolfi, Chris Moore, Michael Hackett and Bill Carraro and was directed by George Nolfi. The movie was released on March 4, 2011.


title: Harmonia Macrocosmica

paragraphs: The Harmonia Macrocosmica is a star atlas by Andreas Cellarius. It was published in 1660 by Johannes Janssonius. The first part of the atlas has copper plate prints showing the universe models of Claudius Ptolemy, Nicolaus Copernicus and Tycho Brahe. In the second part are star maps of the Christian constellations. The atlas also had plates supporting the views of the Catholic Church, so the book was not placed on the Index Librorum Prohibitorum, a list of publications the Catholic Church censored.


title: Jane Russell

paragraphs: Ernestine Jane Geraldine Russell, known simply as Jane Russell (June 21, 1921 - February 28, 2011) was an Canadian-American actress, born in Minnesota. She starred in almost two dozen films throughout her career. Russell died in Santa Maria, California of a respiratory related illness.


title: Meave Leakey

paragraphs: Meave G. Leakey PhD DSc (hon) is a renowned paleontologist who studies the origin of mankind in West Africa. She was born Meave Epps, 28 July 1942 in London, and is married to Richard Leakey, the son of Louis and Mary Leakey. She is a research professor at Stony Brook University.

paragraphs: They have two children, Louise (born 1972) and Samira (born 1974). Her daughter Louise Leakey is also a paleontologist studying human origins.

paragraphs: Dr. Leakey's research team at Lake Turkana, Kenya made a discovery in 1999 that changed our understanding of early human ancestry. They found a 3.5 million-year-old skull and partial jaw thought to belong to a new branch of our early human family. She named the find "Kenyanthropus platyops", or flat-faced man of Kenya.


title: Lake Turkana

paragraphs: Lake Turkana, formerly known as Lake Rudolf, is a lake in the Great Rift Valley in northwest Kenya. Its far northern end crosses into Ethiopia.

paragraphs: It is the world's largest permanent desert lake and the world's largest alkaline lake. By volume it is the world's fourth-largest salt lake after the Caspian Sea, Issyk-Kul Lake and the (shrinking) Aral Sea. Among all lakes, it ranks 24th in area.

paragraphs: The water is drinkable, but not palatable. It supports a rich lacustrine wildlife. The climate is hot and very dry.

paragraphs: The rocks of the surrounding area are predominantly volcanic. Central Island is an active volcano, emitting vapors. Outcrops and rocky shores are found on the East and South shores of the lake, while dunes, spits and flats are on the West and North, at a lower elevation.

paragraphs: On-shore and off-shore winds can be extremely strong as the lake warms and cools more slowly than the land. Sudden, violent storms are frequent. Three rivers (the Omo, Turkwel and Kerio) flow into the lake, but lacking outflow, its only water loss is by evaporation. Lake volume and dimensions are variable. For example, its level fell by between 1975 and 1993.

paragraphs: Due to temperature, aridity and geographic inaccessibility, the lake retains its wild character. Many Nile crocodiles are on the flats. The rocky shores are home to scorpions and carpet vipers. Although the lake and its environs have been popular for expeditions of every sort under the tutelage of guides, rangers and experienced persons, they certainly must be considered hazardous for unguided tourists.

paragraphs: Lake Turkana National Parks are listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Sibiloi National Park lies on the lake's eastern shore, while Central Island National Park and South Island National Park are in the lake. Both have crocodiles.

paragraphs: The Lake Turkana area is regarded by many anthropologists as the cradle of humankind because there are many hominid fossils. The skeleton of Turkana boy was found near the lake in 1984.


title: Marie Osmond

paragraphs: Olive Marie Osmond, known simply as Marie Osmond (born October 13, 1959) is an American singer, actress and doll designer. She was born in Ogden, Utah. She is the sister of Donny Osmond. Marie was not a part of her family's singing group The Osmonds. She had some success as a solo country artist in the 1970s and 1980s. She also hosted several talk shows with her brother Donny.

paragraphs: Marie was born in Ogden, Utah. She is one of nine children and the only daughter. She was four years old when she first performed on television in the 1960s.

paragraphs: Marie has released a total of 9 albums of mostly country and pop music. Her 1973 release of Paper Roses became a number 1 hit and started her successful career. Her latest work released in 2015 is titled Music is Medicine.

paragraphs: She stared in 2 Broadway musicals. In 1994 she played the lead in The King and I and in 1997 she played the lead in The Sound of Music.

paragraphs: She was co-host of the Donny and Marie show that was very popular from 1975 until 1978. Marie acted in several made for TV movies, variety shows, situation comedy's and voiced animated characters during her career.

paragraphs: In 1978 she stared in the movie Goin' Coconuts.

paragraphs: She will join the CBS daytime show The Talk starting in the 10th season.

paragraphs: Marie has written 3 books. In 2007 she came in third place on the 5th season of the US version of Dancing with the Stars. From 2008 through 2019 she performed with her brother, Donny, in a musical show at the Flamingo Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada.

paragraphs: Marie is the co-founder of the non-profit organization Children's Miracle Network. It started in 1983 and the money raised promotes children's hospitals in North America.

paragraphs: Marie is married to Stephen Craig and lives in Las Vegas, Nevada. She has 8 children. She is a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.


title: Louis Leakey

paragraphs: Louis Leakey (L.S.B. Leakey, 7 August 1903 – 1 October 1972) was a Kenyan archaeologist, anthropologist and naturalist.

paragraphs: His work was important in establishing human evolutionary development in East Africa. He also played a major role in creating organizations for future research in Africa and for protecting wildlife there.

paragraphs: Leakey was the third of the three great anthropologists of British origin who made Africa their home: the others were Robert Broom and Raymond Dart.

paragraphs: He started a tradition of palaeoanthropological inquiry in Kenya. His own family carried on the 'family firm'. Several of them became well-known anthropologists and fossil hunters.

paragraphs: Louis took part in national events of British East Africa and then Kenya at critical times.

paragraphs: In biology he asserted Charles Darwin's theory of evolution unswervingly, and set about to prove Darwin's hypothesis that man arose in Africa. He was also a devout Christian.

paragraphs: Louis and Mary spent all the time they could at Olduvai Gorge, starting in 1951. So far they had discovered only stone tools. A more extensive excavation came in 1952. They found what Louis termed an Oldowan "slaughter-house", an ancient bog where animals had been trapped and butchered. Louis was so carried away that he worked without his hat and his hair was bleached white from the sun. They stopped in 1953.

paragraphs: In 1955 they excavated again with Jean Brown. She related that he preferred to be called Louis, was absent-minded, once had everyone looking for spectacles that were around his neck, wore pants with the buttons off and shoes with holes in them, charged about everywhere and once collapsed unconscious. He was completely happy.

paragraphs: In 1959 they decided to excavate Bed I. While Louis was sick in camp, Mary discovered the fossilized skull OH 5, which Mary called "Our Man", and became "Dear Boy" and "Zinj." The question was whether it was a previous genus discovered by Robert Broom, "Paranthropus", which Broom had taken not to be in the human line, or a different one, in it. Louis opted for Zinj, a decision opposed by Wilfrid Le Gros Clark, but one which attracted the attention of Melville Bell Grosvenor, president of the National Geographic Society. That contact resulted in an article in "National Geographic", and a hefty grant to continue work at Olduvai.

paragraphs: Zinj was far older than anyone had imagined. Scientists swarmed to Africa. Louis had proved Darwin right.

paragraphs: In 1960, unable to leave the museum except on weekends, Louis appointed Mary director of excavation at Olduvai. She brought in a staff of Kamba tribesmen, instead of Kikuyu, who, she felt, took advantage of Louis. The first, Muteva Musomba, had kept her children's ponies. He recruited Kamoya Kimeu among others. Mary set up Camp 5 under Jonathan's direction. He was 19. From then on she had her own staff and associates.

paragraphs: Mary picked and sieved at the site from early morning dressed in old clothes, chain smoking cigarettes, always surrounded by her Dalmatian. She and Louis communicated by radio. On weekends he drove non-stop at high speed the 357 miles between Olduvai and Nairobi. The teen-age boys, Richard and Philip, were on site holidays and vacations.

paragraphs: Their home in Nairobi was a circus, figuratively speaking, when they were there. Dinner guests were frequent. Important guests stayed for weeks if they could stand it. They shared the quarters and the dinner table with the Dalmatians, hyraxes, a monkey, a civet cat, an African eagle owl, tropical fish, snakes, such as vipers, and a python.

paragraphs: The extended families of twenty African staff lived in cinderblock huts in the yard. Mary had switched to cigars and the ashes often fell into the food. Both Louis and Mary cooked. Louis never stopped talking; his stories were endless. He literally ran through the day, making long lists of things to be done, which he never completed. He drove recklessly through the streets of Nairobi, often reading and writing as he drove.

paragraphs: There was another side to the Leakey family. Louis was a notorious womanizer. He was faithful neither to Frida nor to Mary. Mary tolerated this behavior well until his relationship with Rosalie Osborn, 1954/55, threatened to break up her marriage.

paragraphs: The two fought constantly, upsetting the boys. After Richard nearly died in a fall from a horse, Louis broke with Rosalie for the sake of the boys.

paragraphs: Jonathan achieved some brief fame before he quit palaeoanthropology altogether. He started his own site, "Jonny's site" in the Leakey lingo, FLK-NN. There he discovered two skull fragments without the Australopithecine sagittal crest, which Mary connected with Broom's and Robinson's Telanthropus. The problem was its contemporaneity with Zinj. Mailed photographs, Le Gros Clark retorted casually "Shades of Piltdown". Louis cabled him immediately and had some strong words at this suggestion of his incompetence. Clark apologized.

paragraphs: In 1960 Louis, his son Philip and Ray Pickering discovered a fossil he termed "Chellean Man", as it was in context with Oldowan tools, the first such find. After reconstruction Louis and Mary called it "Pinhead." It was subsequently included with "Homo erectus" and was in fact contemporaneous with "Paranthropus", which on that account cannot have been in the human line. For many years Louis believed erectus was the user of the tools and "Australopithecus" was not.

paragraphs: In 1961 Louis got a salary as well as a grant from National Geographic and turned over the acting directorship of Coryndon to a subordinate. He created the Centre for Prehistory and Paleontology on the same grounds, moved his collections to it, and appointed himself director. This was his new operations center.

paragraphs: He opened another excavation at Fort Ternan on Lake Victoria. Shortly after, Heselon discovered "Kenyapithecus wickeri", the species name from the owner of the property, which Louis promptly celebrated with George Gaylord Simpson, who happened to be present, aboard the "Miocene Lady" with Leakey Safari Specials, a drink made of condensed milk and cognac.

paragraphs: In 1962 Louis was visiting Olduvai when Ndibo Mbuika discovered the first tooth of "Homo habilis" at MNK. Louis and Mary thought it was female and named her Cinderella, or Cindy. Phillip Tobias identified Jonny's Child with it and Raymond Dart came up with the name "Homo habilis" at Louis' request, which Tobias translated as 'handyman'. It was seen as intermediary between gracile "Australopithecus" and "Homo".

paragraphs: One of Louis's greatest legacies was fostering field research of primates in their natural habitats. He understood this helped to unravel the mysteries of human evolution. He chose three female researchers: Jane Goodall, Dian Fossey, and Birute Galdikas. They were dubbed 'Leakey's Angels'. Each went on to become an important scholar in the field of primatology.

paragraphs: Louis Leakey was married to Mary Leakey, who made the noteworthy discovery of fossil footprints at Laetoli. Found preserved in volcanic ash in Tanzania, they are the earliest record of bipedal gait.

paragraphs: He is also the father of paleoanthropologist Richard Leakey and the botanist Colin Leakey. Louis' cousin, Nigel Gray Leakey, was a recipient of the Victoria Cross during World War II.


title: Donny Osmond

paragraphs: Donald Clark "Donny" Osmond (born December 9, 1957) is an American musician, actor, singer and teen idol. He is also a talk show and game show host. Donny was part of the group The Osmonds before he went solo later on. He was born in Ogden, Utah.


title: Degree of unsaturation

paragraphs: Degree of unsaturation (DOU) is a way to figure out how many rings or double bonds are in a molecule.

paragraphs: Each degree either equals one ring structure or pi bond. A double bond would have one DOU. A triple bond would have a DOU of two (triple bond is one sigma bond with two pi bonds).

paragraphs: For the below, use the same rules as above, using the definitions below.


title: Olduvai Gorge

paragraphs: The Olduvai Gorge is a steep-sided ravine in the Great Rift Valley that stretches through East Africa. It is in the eastern Serengeti Plains in northern Tanzania.

paragraphs: The Gorge is about long. It is 45 km from the Laetoli archaeological site. The gorge is a highly important prehistoric site for the study of human evolution. It was once a lake, and got covered by layers of volcanic ash.

paragraphs: This site was occupied by "Homo habilis" about 1.9 million years ago, "Paranthropus boisei" 1.8 million years ago, and "Homo erectus" 1.2 million years ago. "Homo sapiens" occupied the site 17,000 years ago.

paragraphs: The name is a misspelling of Oldupai Gorge, which was adopted as the official name in 2005. Oldupai is the Maasai word for the wild sisal plant "Sansevieria ehrenbergii", which grows in the gorge.

paragraphs: Millions of years ago, the site was that of a large lake, the shores of which were covered with successive deposits of volcanic ash.

paragraphs: About 500,000 years ago seismic activity diverted a nearby stream which began to cut down into the sediments, revealing seven main layers in the walls of the gorge. The geology of Olduvai Gorge and the surrounding region was studied in detail by Richard L. Hay, who worked at the site between 1961 and 2002.

paragraphs: The stratigraphy is extremely deep and layers of volcanic ash and stones allow radiometric dating of the embedded artifacts, mostly through potassium–argon dating and argon–argon dating. The base of the Olduvai sediments dates to slightly older than 2 million years,

paragraphs: The nearby site Laetoli has a much older fossil record.

paragraphs: Olduvai Gorge is one of the most important prehistoric sites in the world and has been instrumental in furthering understanding of early human evolution. Chasing a fancy butterfly in the green wilds of Tanganyika 50 years ago, a German entomologist named (Wilhelm) Kattwinkel tumbled off a rocky ledge and nearly killed himself. When he regained his senses, he found himself in an anthropologist's dream world: an erosion-created rift with layer after layer of fossils, bones and ancient artifacts. The find was named Olduvai Gorge, and Kattwinkel's heirs ever since have been scrambling up and down its sun-baked sides in search of clues to man's earliest awakening. ("Time", Friday 10 March 1961)

paragraphs: Excavation work there was pioneered by Louis and Mary Leakey beginning in 1931. It is still going on.

paragraphs: The earliest archaeological deposit, known as Bed I, has produced evidence of campsites and living floors along with stone tools made of flakes from local basalt and quartz. Since this is the site where these kinds of tools were first discovered, these tools are called Oldowan. It is now thought that the Oldowan toolmaking tradition started about 2.6 million years ago. Bones from this layer are not of modern humans but earlier hominid forms of "Paranthropus boisei" and the first discovered specimens of "Homo habilis".

paragraphs: The site of FLK North has the oldest known evidence of Elephant consumption, attributed to "Homo ergaster" around 1.8 million years ago. A nearly complete skeleton of the extinct "Elephas recki" was found in the lowest of its six occupation levels along with stone tools such as choppers and flakes. Large numbers of bone fragments of smaller animals found with it clearly identify FLK North as an early butchering site.

paragraphs: Above this, in Bed II, pebble tools begin to be replaced by more sophisticated handaxes of the Acheulean industry and made by "H. ergaster". This layer has not yet been successfully dated, but likely falls between 1.75 and 1.2 million years.

paragraphs: Beds III and IV have produced Acheulean tools and fossil bones from more than 600,000 years ago.

paragraphs: During a period of major faulting and volcanism roughly 600,000 to 400,000 years ago, the Masek Beds were made. These beds contained tools from an industry made by modern humans, followed by the Ndutu Beds (400,000 to 32,000 years ago), and the Naisiusiu Beds (22,000 to 15,000 years ago).

paragraphs: Also, on the rim of the Gorge, is the Olduvai Gorge Museum. This Museum presents exhibitions about the Gorge's history.


title: Vermicelli

paragraphs: Vermicelli (English pronunciation: /ˌvɜrmɨˈtʃɛli/, Italian: [vermiˈtʃɛlli], meaning "little worms") is a type of pasta. It is round in section and somewhat thinner than spaghetti.


title: Richard Leakey

paragraphs: Richard Leakey (born 19 December 1944 in Nairobi, Kenya) is a politician, paleoanthropologist and conservationist. He is second of the three sons of the anthropologists Louis Leakey and Mary Leakey.

paragraphs: A high school dropout, Leakey discovered his love of paleontology when he led an expedition to a fossil site he had discovered while flying. Frustrated by the lack of recognition he received for his accomplishments (due to his lack of qualifications) Leakey left for England to catch up on his education. However, after six months, Leakey returned home to continue his safaris. He never completed his degree.

paragraphs: In 1965 he married Margaret Cropper. Their daughter Anna was born in 1969, the same year that Richard and Margaret divorced. He then married his colleague Meave Epps in 1970 and they had two daughters, Louise (born 1972) and Samira (1974).

paragraphs: Leakey was diagnosed with a terminal kidney disease in 1969. Ten years later he became seriously ill, but received a kidney transplant from his brother Philip and recovered to full health.

paragraphs: In 1993, a small propeller-driven plane piloted by Richard Leakey crashed, crushing his lower legs. Both legs were later amputated. Sabotage was suspected but never proved. In a few months Richard Leakey was walking again on artificial limbs.

paragraphs: Leakey said in his autobiography that he is an atheist.

paragraphs: Richard chose to support himself, borrowed 500 pounds from his parents for a Land Rover, and went into the trapping and skeleton supply business with Kamoya Kimeu.

paragraphs: Richard was already a skilled horseman, outdoorsman, Land Rover mechanic, archaeologist and expedition leader, he learned to identify bones. All these skills pointed to a path he did not yet wish to take, simply because his father was on it.

paragraphs: The bone business turned into a safari business in 1961. In 1962 he got a private airplane pilot licence and took tours to Olduvai. It was from a casual aerial survey that he noted the potential of Lake Natron's shores for paleontology. He went looking for fossils in a Land Rover, but could find none, until his parents assigned Glynn Isaac to go with him.

paragraphs: Louis was so impressed with their finds that he gave them National Geographic money for a month's expedition. They explored in the vicinity of Peninj near the lake, where Richard was in charge of the administrative details. Bored, he returned to Nairobi temporarily, but at that moment, Kamoya Kimeu discovered a fossil of "Australopithecus boisei". A second expedition left Richard feeling that he was being excluded from the most significant part of the operation, the scientific analysis.

paragraphs: During the Omo expedition of 1967, Richard visited Nairobi and on the return flight the pilot flew over Lake Rudolph (now Lake Turkana) to avoid a thunderstorm. The map led Richard to expect volcanic rock below him but he saw sediments. Visiting the region by helicopter, he saw tools and fossils everywhere. In his mind, he was already planning a new enterprise.

paragraphs: In 1969 the discovery of a cranium of "Paranthropus boisei" caused great excitement. A "Homo habilis" skull and a "Homo erectus" skull, discovered in 1972 and 1975, respectively, were among the most significant finds of Leakey's earlier expeditions. In 1978 an intact cranium of "Homo erectus" was discovered.

paragraphs: Leakey and Donald Johanson were at the time considered to be the most famous palaeoanthoropologists, and scientifically their views on human evolution were differing, a scientific rivalry that gained public attention. This culminated at the "Cronkite's Universe" talk show hosted by Walter Cronkite in New York in 1981, where Leakey and Johanson held a fierce debate on live TV show.

paragraphs: Turkana Boy — discovered by Kamoya Kimeu, a member of the Leakeys' team in 1984 — was the nearly complete skeleton of a "Homo ergaster" (though some, including Leakey, call it "erectus") who died 1.6 million years ago at about age 9-12.

paragraphs: Leakey and Roger Lewin describe the experience of this find and their interpretation of it, in their book "Origins reconsidered" (1992). Shortly after the discovery of Turkana Boy, Leakey and his team made the discovery of a skull (known as 'Black Skull') of a new species, "Australopithecus aethiopicus" (or "Paranthropus aethiopicus").

paragraphs: Richard shifted away from paleontology in 1989, but his wife Meave Leakey and daughter Louise Leakey still continue paleontological research in Northern Kenya.

paragraphs: In 1989 Richard Leakey was appointed the head of the Wildlife Conservation and Management Department (WMCD) by President Daniel Arap Moi in response to the international outcry over the poaching of elephants and the impact it was having on the wildlife of Kenya.

paragraphs: The department was replaced by Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) in 1990, and Leakey became its first chairman. With characteristically bold steps Leakey created special, well-armed anti-poaching units that were authorized to shoot poachers on sight. The poaching menace was dramatically reduced. Impressed by Leakey's transformation of the KWS, the World Bank approved grants worth $140 million. Richard Leakey, President Arap Moi and the WMCD made the international news headlines when a stock pile of 12 tons of ivory was burned in 1989 in Nairobi National Park.

paragraphs: Richard Leakey wrote about his experiences at the KWS in his book "Wildlife Wars: my battle to save Kenya's elephants" (2001).

paragraphs: In May 1995 Richard Leakey joined a group of Kenyan intellectuals in launching a new political party — the Safina Party, which in Swahili means "Noah's Ark".

paragraphs: "If KANU and Mr. Moi will do something about the deterioration of public life, corruption and mismanagement, I'd be happy to fight alongside them. If they won't, I want somebody else to do it," announced Richard Leakey. The Safina party was routinely harassed and even its application to become an official political party was not approved until 1997.

paragraphs: In 1999, Moi appointed Richard Leakey as Cabinet Secretary and overall head of the civil service. Moi's hand was forced: the international donor institutions insisted as a pre-condition for the resumption of donor funds. Leakey's second stint in the civil service lasted until 2001 when he was forced to resign again.

paragraphs: Leakey joined the Department of Anthropology faculty at Stony Brook University, New York in 2002. He is currently a Professor of Anthropology at Stony Brook, where he is Chair of the Turkana Basin Institute.

paragraphs: In 2004, Richard Leakey founded and chaired WildlifeDirect, a Kenya-based charitable organization. The charity was established to provide support to conservationists in Africa directly on the ground via the use of blogs. This enables individuals anywhere to play a direct and interactive role in the survival of some of the world’s most precious species. The organization played a significant role in the saving of Congo's mountain gorillas in Virunga National Park in January 2007 after a rebel uprising threatened to eliminate the highly vulnerable population.

paragraphs: In April 2007 he was appointed interim chairman of Transparency International, Kenya branch.


title: Arizona State University

paragraphs: Arizona State University is a public university in Tempe, Arizona. The university has about 70,440 students. It was founded in 1885. The current president of the university is Michael M. Crow.

paragraphs: The sports teams of the university are called the Sun Devils. ASU has 20 varsity teams, almost all of which compete in the Pacific-12 Conference.


title: Vanderbilt University

paragraphs: Vanderbilt University is a private university in Nashville, Tennessee. The university has about 12,714 students. It was founded in 1873. The current chairman of the university, whose official title is "Chancellor", is Nicholas Zeppos. It is named after Cornelius Vanderbilt.

paragraphs: The athletics teams of the university are called the Commodores. They have 16 varsity teams, almost all of which compete in the Southeastern Conference (SEC). Two Vanderbilt women's teams in sports that the SEC does not sponsor are housed elsewhere. The bowling team plays in the Southland Bowling League, a single-sport conference affiliated with the Southland Conference. The lacrosse team plays in the American Athletic Conference.


title: Louise Leakey

paragraphs: Louise Leakey (born 21 March 1972) is a Kenyan paleontologist. She does research and field work on human fossils in East Africa.

paragraphs: Louise first became actively involved in fossil discoveries in 1977, at the age of six, when she became the youngest person to find hominid fossils. In 1993, she replaced her father Richard Leakey as field expedition leader for Turkana paleontological expeditions, in one of the most arid and hostile environments on Earth.

paragraphs: Today, together with her mother, Meave Leakey, she leads the Koobi Fora research project. This has produced some of the most notable hominid fossil discoveries of the past two decades, the most recent being "Kenyanthropus platyops".

paragraphs: Louise Leakey was born in Kenya in 1972, the same year as her grandfather Louis Leakey died. She married Emmanuel de Merode, a Belgian primatologist in 2003. They have two daughters: Seiya, born in 2004, and Alexia born in 2006.


title: Furikake

paragraphs: Furikake is a type of condiment that has a mixture of dried and ground fish, sesame seeds, chopped seaweed, sugar, salt, and monosodium glutamate. It is popular in Japan and is usually put on rice. Furikake has around 6 calories.


title: My Darkest Days

paragraphs: My Darkest Days is a Canadian rock band from Norwood, Ontario. My Darkest Days has five members in the band; the current band members are Matt Walst, Sal Costa, Brendan McMillan, Doug Oliver and Reid Henry.

paragraphs: The band was formed in 2006 by lead singer Matt Walst. They released their self-titled debut album ""My Darkest Days"" on September 21, 2010. They are currently signed to 604 Records. They released their second studio album ""Sick and Twisted Affair"" on March 26, 2012.

paragraphs: So far as of 2012, My Darkest Days have released 2 Studio album:


title: Betty White

paragraphs: Betty Marion White (born January 17, 1922) is an American actress, comedian, presenter, singer, author, and television personality. She acted as Sue Ann Nivens in "The Mary Tyler Moore Show" and as Rose Nylund in the television sitcom "The Golden Girls". She currently stars as Elka Ostrovsky, in the TV Land comedy "Hot in Cleveland".

paragraphs: She has won seven Emmy Awards during her career. In 1983, she became the first woman to win a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Game Show Host. White also holds the record for longest span between Emmy nominations for performances—her first was in 1951 and her most recent was in 2012, a span of 61 years—and has become the oldest nominee as of 2013, aged 91. The actress is also the oldest winner of a competitive Grammy Award, which she won in 2012. She was host for the NBC entry "Just Men!".

paragraphs: In 2011 White began hosting a new program, "Betty White's Off Their Rockers". In the program senior citizens play practical jokes on the younger generation. A special "Betty White's 90th Birthday Party" was on NBC a day before the star's birthday on January 16, 2012. The show had appearances of many stars with whom White has worked over the years.

paragraphs: She was born in Oak Park, Illinois. She is of Greek, English, Welsh and Danish ancestry. She was an only child of Horace White, a lighting company executive, and her mother was a homemaker. White's family moved to Los Angeles, California during the Great Depression. She attended Horace Mann School Beverly Hills and Beverly Hills High School. She hosted the Februay 10, 2014 episode of Raw.

paragraphs: In 1945, White married Dick Barker, a U.S. Army Air Corps pilot. The marriage was short-lived. In 1947, she married Lane Allen, a Hollywood agent. This marriage ended in divorce in 1949.

paragraphs: On June 14, 1963, White married television host and personality Allen Ludden. They met on his game show "Password" when she was a celebrity guest in 1961.

paragraphs: Allen Ludden died from stomach cancer on June 9, 1981, in Los Angeles. They had no children together, though she is stepmother to his three children from his first marriage. White has not remarried since Ludden's death.

paragraphs: White is a practicing member of the Unity Church. She is also a registered Democrat. She endorsed President Barack Obama in 2012 saying she "likes how he represents us".

paragraphs: White was added to the Television Hall of Fame in 1995. She has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6747 Hollywood Boulevard alongside the star of her late husband Allen Ludden.

paragraphs: In 2010, the Screen Actors Guild honored White with the Life Achievement Award. In 2010 she was chosen as the Associated Press's Entertainer of the Year.


title: Homefront (video game)

paragraphs: Homefront is a first-person shooter video game made by Kaos Studios for Windows and the Xbox 360 and Digital Extremes for the PC.

paragraphs: The game is set in the future America in the year 2027 and is about the nuclear-armed Korean People's Army (of North Korea) who invade the USA. The game's main character can either fight the Koreans in the main game or the Americans in the multiplayer game.

paragraphs: There has been controversy over the game's release in Japan where they censored the game by removing all the references to North Korea which included pictures of North Korean leader Kim Jong-il because they thought that to "use their real names would have been 'malicious' {evil} to an 'existing person' and an 'existing country.'". The game has also been banned from all types of sales in South Korea.


title: Sgt. Slaughter

paragraphs: Robert Remus (born August 27, 1948, in Parris Island, South Carolina) better known by his ring name, Sgt. Slaughter, is a retired American professional wrestler that is best known for wrestling for WWF/E under the ring name Sgt. Slaughter.

paragraphs: He is a one-time WWF Champion and was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame in 2004 by Pat Patterson.

paragraphs: His finishing move was the Camel clutch and then the Cobra clutch.


title: Pretty Woman

paragraphs: Pretty Woman is a 1990 American romantic comedy movie set in Los Angeles. It stars Julia Roberts as a street prostitute and Richard Gere as a rich businessman. It became one of the highest-grossing movies of 1990. Roberts won a Golden Globe Award for her performance.


title: Darko Miličić

paragraphs: Darko Miličić (born June 20, 1985 in Novi Sad, Serbia, Yugoslavia) is an Serbian basketball player that currently plays for the Minnesota Timberwolves of the NBA. He was drafted by the Detroit Pistons with the 2nd overall pick in the 1st round of the 2003 NBA Draft. He also played for the Detroit Pistons from 2003 to 2006, Orlando Magic from 2006 to 2007, Memphis Grizzlies from 2007 to 2009 and the New York Knicks from 2009 to 2010. He was traded to the Minnesota Timberwolves along with cash considerations for Brian Cardinal from the Knicks.


title: Barbara Walters

paragraphs: Barbara Walters (born September 25, 1929) is an author and broadcast journalist.

paragraphs: Walters was the news anchor at NBC's "Today". For 25 years Walters also hosted the ABC show "20/20". She co-hosted the morning television show "The View" from 1997 to 2014.

paragraphs: Walter's has interviewed every U.S. President since Richard Nixon.

paragraphs: Walters has received 3 Daytime Emmy Awards. She has received Lifetime Achievement Awards for News and Documentary and daytime programs. She was inducted into the Television Hall of Fame in 1989. On June 15, 2007, Walters received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

paragraphs: In 1992 Walters received a Courage in Journalism Award for reporting in dangerous areas.


title: UDFy-38135539

paragraphs: UDFy-38135539 (also known as HUDF.YD3) is a galaxy in the Fornax constellation. At present it is the farthest confirmed object ever seen. UDFy-38135539 is 13.1 billion light years from the Earth.

paragraphs: The galaxy is in the constellation Fornax, and it is estimated that the galaxy contains a billion stars.

paragraphs: The universe's first stars were massive,

paragraphs: ionizing hydrogen in the surrounding environment. This is called the ionization epoch.

paragraphs: UDFy-38135539 (HUDF.YD3) is probably the first galaxy seen in the reionization epoch. Caltech astronomer Brant Robertson, commenting on the study, stated that the "galaxy happens to reside at a very special time in cosmic history when the properties of gas in the universe were changing rapidly, and therefore this galaxy and others like it may teach us a lot about the early history of the universe". Michele Trenti, an astronomer who was not involved in the study but provided commentary published with the report, says that the discovery of the distant galaxy is


title: Mira Sorvino

paragraphs: Mira Sorvino (born September 28, 1967) is an American actress. She received an Academy Award for "Best Supporting Actress" for her role in the 1995 movie "Mighty Aphrodite". She starred in many other Hollywood movies. More recently she has been starring in low budget or independent movies.

paragraphs: Sorvino and actor Christopher Backus were married June 11, 2004. The couple have four children. Their daughters are Mattea Angel (born 2004) and Lucia (born 2012). Their sons are Johnny Christopher King (born 2006) and Holden Paul Terry Backus (born 2009).


title: Dynasty (TV series)

paragraphs: Dynasty was an American primetime soap opera which aired on ABC beginning in January 1981 and ending in May 1989. Starring in the series were John Forsythe, Heather Locklear, Linda Evans, Pamela Sue Martin and Joan Collins. This show was focused on the rich Carrington family from Denver, Colorado.<br>

paragraphs: Between 1985 and 1987 a spin-off show "The Colbys" was being made.


title: Hank Gathers

paragraphs: Eric "Hank" Gathers (February 11, 1967–March 4, 1990) was an American basketball player that played for Loyola Marymount University where he was a breakout star. Gathers originally played at the University of Southern California before transferring to Loyola Marymount University with his teammate Bo Kimble. He died on March 4, 1990, after he collapsed on the court after making an alley-oop dunk. He was reported as saying "I don't want to lay down!" before he stopped breathing and was declared dead on arrival at the hospital. He also collapsed at the free-throw line during an LMU home game on December 9, 1989 before. It was reported that he suffered from a heart-muscle disorder called hypertrophic cardiomyopathy during his autopsy. His life was featured in a 1992 TV movie, "Final Shot: The Hank Gathers Story" and in an ESPN film called "Guru of Go" for their 30 for 30 sries.


title: Bulletstorm

paragraphs: Bulletstorm is a first-person shooter video game made by People Can Fly and Epic Games for the PlayStation 3, Xbox 360 and Microsoft Windows.

paragraphs: The game came under negative criticism by Fox News for it's use of profanity, crude behavior and sexual innuendo. Electronic Arts responded to this saying, "As you know, Bulletstorm is a work of entertainment fiction... The game and its marketing adhere to all guidelines set forth by the ESRB; both designed for people 17+...Much like Tarantino's Kill Bill or Rodriguez's Sin City, this game is an expression of creative entertainment for adults."


title: Wildlife Protection Act of 1972

paragraphs: The Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 is a set of laws created in 1972 by the Government of India. Before 1972, India had only five national parks.

paragraphs: The Act protects wild animals, birds and plants in all of India, except the State of Jammu and Kashmir, which has its own wildlife act. It has six sections that give different degrees of protection. Schedule I and part II of Schedule II provide complete protection. Offences under these are given the highest penalty. Species listed in Schedule III and Schedule IV are also protected, but the penalties are much lower. Schedule V includes the animals that can be hunted. The plants in Schedule VI are prohibited from harvesting and planting.


title: Gombe Stream National Park

paragraphs: Gombe Stream National Park is a National Park in north-western Tanzania.

paragraphs: It borders on Lake Tanganyika, and is just south of the border with Burundi. The regional capital of western Tanganyika, Kigoma, is 10 miles (20 km) south of Gombe.

paragraphs: Established in 1968, Gombe is the smallest national park in Tanzania, with only of forest running along the hills of the northern shore of Lake Tanganyika.

paragraphs: The terrain has steep valleys, and the forest vegetation ranges from grassland to alpine bamboo to tropical rainforest.

paragraphs: The Park is most famous as the place where Jane Goodall did her research on the chimpanzee groups. The Kasakela chimpanzee community, featured in several books and documentaries, lives in Gombe Stream National Park.

paragraphs: Goodall discovered that the apes eat smaller monkeys regularly. They do this by cooperative hunting, gradually cutting off the monkey's escape routes. The extent of this predation is notable:

paragraphs: Gombe Stream's high levels of diversity make it an increasingly popular tourist destination. Besides chimpanzees, primates living in Gombe Stream include beachcomber olive baboons, Red Colobus monkeys and vervet monkeys.

paragraphs: The park is also home to over 200 bird species and bushpigs. There are also 11 species of snakes, and occasional hippopotamus and leopards.

paragraphs: Visitors to the park can trek into the forest to view the chimpanzees, as well as swim and snorkel in Lake Tanganyika with almost 100 kinds of colourful cichlid fish.


title: Rue McClanahan

paragraphs: Rue McClanahan (February 21, 1934 – June 3, 2010) was an American actress. She acted in several television sitcoms, most notably "The Golden Girls". She won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in 1987.

paragraphs: She also starred in "Mama's Family". McClanahan died of a stroke.

paragraphs: McClanahan was born Eddi-Rue McClanahan. She earned a Bachelor of Arts degree at the University of Tulsa.

paragraphs: She began acting on off-Broadway in New York City in 1957. Her Broadway début was in 1969. She was in the musical, "Jimmy Shine". Dustin Hoffman was in the title role.

paragraphs: Her autobiography, "My First Five Husbands ... and the Ones Who Got Away", was released in 2007.