title: Peter and the Wolf

paragraphs: Peter and the Wolf is a composition by Sergei Prokofiev. It was written in 1936 after his return to Russia, then part of the Soviet Union. It is a children's story. Prokofiev got the idea from Natalya Sats, who led the Moscow State Musical Theater for Children. The idea was to introduce children to the different musical instruments in the orchestra. For this reason, each character in the story has a particular instrument and a musical theme:

paragraphs: (The hunters' theme is actually introduced by the woodwinds)

paragraphs: In addition, there is a narrator telling the story.

paragraphs: In 1946, Walt Disney produced an animated version of Peter and the Wolf. There are some differences to the original work, for example the animals are given names. It was released on video tape in the 1990s.


title: Israel national football team

paragraphs: The Israel National Football Team is the national football team of Israel and is controlled by the Israel Football Association.

paragraphs: They Play in Sammy Ofer Stadium in Haifa, in Teddy Stadium in Jerusalem and in Bloomfield Stadium in Tel Aviv. Israel had one World Cup appearance in 1970.

paragraphs: Top 12 Israeli players with most national apperances.


title: Metroid

paragraphs: "Metroid" is the first game in the "Metroid" series and stars the character Samus Aran. She later appears in all of the later games.

paragraphs: "Metroid" was one of the first non-linear video games. This means that it did not force players to play through the game in one way. Players could explore and go to all of the areas in whatever order they wished. The basic gameplay is a mix of adventure, platform shooter, and action. The player controls the main character Samus while exploring the game's cave-like environment. Because Samus starts only with a weak attack and a short jump, players must find power-ups to make the attack and jump stronger, in order to get to new areas of the game. While there are many different small enemies that players meet, there are also large bosses who must be killed in order to reach the last level of the game.


title: İzmir

paragraphs: İzmir is a city in the west of Turkey. It has one of the biggest seaports in the Aegean Sea region and all of Turkey. İzmir is a popular destination for tourists, who come for beaches and cultural tours. It has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate ("Csa" in the Köppen climate classification). Izmir is the third largest city in Turkey.

paragraphs: This is an ancient city; many scholars think Homer was born in Smyrna. An earthquake destroyed it in 187 AD, and it was rebuilt. The Greek name for this formerly Greek city is Smyrna. That name was also used in English until the 20th century. About 30 km (20 miles) south of İzmir, there is an ancient Greek city named Ephesus.

paragraphs: İzmir was a candidate for Expo 2015. However, Milan had more support, so İzmir lost.


title: Antalya

paragraphs: Antalya is a city in southern Turkey. The city is in the Mediterranean Region and along the coast of Mediterranean Sea. 2.158.265 people live there. Antalya is the most important tourism destination in Turkey and one of the best in Mediterranean. The city created a good image and its name started to be known to tourists. Every year mostly British, Russian, and German tourists come to city for beautiful beaches and the ancient destinations.


title: Hatay

paragraphs: Hatay is a city in the southern part of Turkey, on the Mediterranean coast. Hatay is bordered by Syria on the south and east.

paragraphs: In ancient times the city was called Antioch. It joined Turkey in 1939. From 1938 to 1939, the city was independent as Hatay State.


title: Mural

paragraphs: A mural is a painting on a wall or a ceiling. Murals are usually big. They may be in public places, such as the outside of a building, or indoors.


title: Tunceli Province

paragraphs: Tunceli is a province in the eastern part of Turkey. The province was named Dersim before 1936. The word Dersim means silver door in the Kurdish language. Its capital is also called Tunceli.

paragraphs: Tunceli has one of the highest literacy rates in Turkey. In 1979 and 1980, Tunceli has the highest number of students entering to universities. However, after the high schools were converted to military bases, Tunceli could not get this achievement again.


title: Deniz Baykal

paragraphs: Deniz Baykal (born 20 July 1938) is a Turkish politician and academician. He was the leader of the Republican People's Party (CHP) and the leader of the Main Opposition in Turkey. He has been the Member of Parliament for Antalya since 2002.

paragraphs: He quit his academic career and was elected as the Member of Parliament from the Republican People's Party in 1973. He served as the Deputy Prime Minister, the Minister of Finance, Energy and Foreign Affairs in various times.

paragraphs: He resigned as leader of the Republican People's Party on May 10, 2010.

paragraphs: Because he is the oldest MP, he became the interim Speaker of the Parliament until the election of the permanent speaker. He became CHP's nominee for the election.


title: Deniz Gezmiş

paragraphs: Deniz Gezmiş (February 27, 1947 – May 6, 1972) was a political activist in the late 1960s. He is one of the founders of the Marxist-Leninist organization Türkiye Halk Kurtuluş Ordusu, in English Turkey People's Liberation Army.

paragraphs: Gezmis was captured by the Turkish government and the trial period started. At the end of his trial, Gezmiş was sentenced to death. He was killed on May 6, 1973, by the Turkish government. However, many people years later think Deniz Gezmis and his friends are heroes, and that they are threats to the community.

paragraphs: Books about Deniz Gezmis's life have been written. The latest book about his life is "Darağacında Üç Fidan". It was published in Turkish language in 2008.


title: Washington Monument

paragraphs: The Washington Monument is a large, tall, white obelisk near the west part of the National Mall in Washington, D.C. It was built to remember George Washington, who was the first President of the United States. It is the tallest stone structure in the world, and is 555 feet 5⅛ inches (169.294 m) tall. The monument is made of marble, granite, and sandstone. The monument was started in 1848 but was not finished until 1884. This was because the American Civil War started soon after construction started. Construction continued after the war ended, but the type of sandstone was changed. Because of this, about part of the way up, you can see a change in color of the monument. The monument opened on February 21, 1885 after 19 years total of construction.

paragraphs: Plans of building the monument began even before Washington was elected president.

paragraphs: Visitors to Washington, D.C., can tour the inside of the Washington Monument. There is an elevator which takes people to the top. From the top, it is possible to see the National Mall, the White House, the U.S. Capitol, and the Lincoln Memorial.

paragraphs: On Tuesday, August 23, 2011, the Monument was cracked by an earthquake. A 5.8-magnitude earthquake struck Northern Virginia, about from Washington D.C. After inspection, cracks were found at the top of the Monument. Initially Monument and the plaza around it was closed indefinitely however after repair, it has been re-opened in Oct 2019, for visitors. There were early reports that the Monument was leaning. The National Park Service said that while there was damage, the Monument is not leaning.


title: Avrupa Yakası

paragraphs: Avrupa Yakası (English: "European Coast") is a popular sitcom which broadcasts on Turkish TV. The plot is Nisantasi, İstanbul. The writer of the series is Gülse Birsel also plays the role as Aslı. As today it reached six season and still counting, airing on every Wednesday at 20.00 (GMT +2) on ATV.


title: Büyükada

paragraphs: Büyükada () is an island in the Sea of Marmara, near Istanbul, Turkey.

paragraphs: Büyükada is a tourist location for people from Istanbul for holidays. In Büyükada there are no cars allowed. The only cars are owned by the police, fire department and the other local authorities. The bicycle is the most common transport used in the island.


title: National Mall

paragraphs: The National Mall, often just called "the Mall", is an open park in the city center Washington, D.C. It has many museums, like the Smithsonian and the National Gallery of Art. It is found between the United States Capitol and the Washington Monument, which are about one mile apart. It is a popular place, and is used for exercise, recreation, music concerts, festivals, and protests. It is also visited by many tourists - over 25 million people come to the Mall each year.

paragraphs: Officially, the Mall is the area between the U.S. Capitol and the Washington Monument. However, there is another park that is right next to the Mall, which is from the Washington Monument to the Lincoln Memorial. The Reflecting Pool is in this park, as well as many monuments and museums. Many people say that this park is also part of the National Mall.

paragraphs: The National Mall has many trees. Most of them are elm and cherry trees. The cherry blossom trees were given to the United States by Japan in 1912.

paragraphs: Pierre L'Enfant, the man who planned Washington D.C., wanted to have a park in the middle of the city. However, the National Mall was not always a park. In the 19th century, there was a railroad that ran through the Mall. Cows also grazed (ate grass) on the Mall. There was a large market on one side of the Mall. During the American Civil War, there were many buildings on the Mall. There were even slaughterhouses on the Mall - places where animals are killed and turned into meat. In 1901, the Senate passed the McMillan Plan. This cleaned up the National Mall and moved the railroad to Union Station.

paragraphs: Many events happen at the National Mall. The National Park Service says that over 3,000 events happen each year, but most of these are tours. Some of the biggest events that happen each year are the Cherry Blossom Festival, the National Book Festival, an Earth Day festival, and parades on Veteran's Day and Independence Day.

paragraphs: Protests and rallies also happen at the National Mall. One of the most famous was the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom in 1963, where Martin Luther King, Jr. gave his I Have a Dream speech. A rally in 1969 to end the Vietnam War was the biggest protest on the Mall. Over 2 million people came and marched to the White House. In 1995, the Million Man March was held on the Mall.

paragraphs: There are many places very close to the Mall. The Library of Congress and the United States Supreme Court building are just east of the Capitol. The White House, the National Archives, the Old Post Office, and, Ford's Theater (where Abraham Lincoln was killed) are just north. The National Postal Museum, and Union Station are northeast. The Jefferson Memorial, the Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial, the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, and the Bureau of Engraving and Printing are to the south.


title: How I Met Your Mother

paragraphs: How I Met Your Mother (or HIMYM) is an American situation comedy ("sitcom") that started on CBS Broadcasting on September 19, 2005.

paragraphs: The story is set in New York City. It is about a man named Ted Mosby who tells his son and daughter how he met their mother. Ted is played by Josh Radnor and the story is narrated by Bob Saget who plays Ted Mosby in the future year 2030. Other characters and friends of Ted are Marshall Eriksen (Jason Segel), Robin Scherbatsky (Cobie Smulders), Barney Stinson (Neil Patrick Harris), and Lily Aldrin (Alyson Hannigan). "How I Met Your Mother" is also said to be the inheritor of "Friends" -- another famous sitcom from 1994 to 2004.

paragraphs: The 9th and final season started airing on September 23, 2013. The show ended on March 31, 2014.

paragraphs: A retelling of Ted Mosby's (Josh Radnor) life before he met his wife (Cristin Milioti), whom is telling his kids in the year 2030, hence the title, 'How I Met Your Mother'. The story focuses on Ted's everyday life and relationships between his four best friends, Marshall Eriksen (Jason Segel), Lily Auldren (Alyson Hannigan), Barney Stinson (Neil Patrick Harris) and Robin Scherbatsky (Cobie Smulders). The show is mainly a comedy, along with heart-warming scenes and tearful moments. The show was loosely based on the lives of the show's producers; Carter Bays and Craig Thomas.


title: Pixelization

paragraphs: Pixelization is a way of hiding information from a picture. It is often used to censor pictures or movies that are inappropriate. It is also used to hide someone's face if they do not wish to be seen.


title: Yıldız Technical University

paragraphs: Yıldız Technical University is a university in Turkey. It is found in Beşiktaş,İstanbul. The university has three campuses in Davutpasa, Yıldız and Ayazağa. It is a public university.


title: Tract

paragraphs: A tract, is a short literary work that is written to convince somebody of an idea or belief. Tracts are often used in politics as political propaganda, or in religion by people who want to share their religious beliefs. They are often either left for someone to find, or are given out for free.


title: Primitive Methodist Church

paragraphs: The Primitive Methodist Church is a body of evangelical Christians in the Methodist denomination. They began in England in the early 1800s, with the influence of American evangelist Lorenzo Dow (1777–1834).


title: Anadolu University

paragraphs: Anadolu University (Turkish: Anadolu Üniversitesi) is a high-degree educational institution in Eskişehir, Turkey.


title: National Air and Space Museum

paragraphs: The National Air and Space Museum is a museum in Washington, D.C., United States, in the National Mall. It is the most popular Smithsonian museum, and over five million people visit it each year. The museum has the most airplanes and spacecraft in the world.

paragraphs: There are many exhibits of famous planes or spacecraft at the museum. Here are a list of some of the most famous ones:


title: Daniel Alfredsson

paragraphs: Daniel Alfredsson (born 11 December 1972) is a Swedish retired professional ice hockey right winger. He played a career total of 18 years in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Ottawa Senators and the Detroit Red Wings. He is best known for being the captain of the Senators from 1999–2013. He also played in the Elitserien with Frölunda HC.

paragraphs: Before playing in the NHL, Alfredsson played 3 seasons in the Swedish Elite League with Frölunda HC. He was selected by the Senators with the 133rd overall pick in the 1994 NHL Draft. Alfredsson won the Calder Memorial Trophy in 1996. He returned to play for Frölunda HC for 15 games during the 2004–05 NHL lockout. He played for the Ottawa Senators for 17 seasons and served as their captain from 1999 to 2013. On July 5, 2013, Alfredsson signed a one-year, $5.5 million contract with the Detroit Red Wings.

paragraphs: On December 4, 2014, Alfredsson decided to sign a one-day contract to officially retire as a member of the Ottawa Senators.

paragraphs: He played for the Sweden men's national ice hockey team and won the gold medal with them during the 2006 Winter Olympics. He also won a silver medal with the team at the 2014 Winter Olympics.


title: Termite

paragraphs: Termites are a suborder of social insects, the Isoptera. They are sometimes called ""white ants"", incorrectly, because ants belong to the Order Hymenoptera.

paragraphs: They are "eusocial" animals, as are ants and some bees and wasps. Termites mostly feed on detritus, mostly wood, leaf litter, soil, or animal dung. There are an estimated 4,000 species (about 2,600 taxonomically known). About 10% are pests which can cause serious structural damage to buildings, crops or plantation forests.

paragraphs: Termites are major detrivores in the subtropical and tropical regions. Their recycling of wood and other plant matter is very important for ecology.

paragraphs: A termite colony starts when winged termites (called "alates") swarm and mate. After mating, they fall to the ground and rip off their wings. The female looks for a good place to start the colony, and the male follows her. Most termites nest underground their entire lives, but termites in Africa and Australia actually build really big mound structures that look like little mountains and can be more than 20 feet tall (see photo below).

paragraphs: Termites live in colonies that, at maturity, hold from several hundred to several million individuals. They are a prime example self-organised systems which use swarm intelligence. They use this cooperation to exploit food sources and environments which would not be available to any single insect acting alone. A typical colony contains nymphs (semi-mature young), workers, soldiers, and reproductive individuals of both genders, sometimes containing several egg-laying queens.


title: Dany Heatley

paragraphs: Daniel James Heatley (born January 21, 1981) is a Canadian professional ice hockey right winger. He currently plays for the Anaheim Ducks of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also played for the Atlanta Thrashers, Ottawa Senators, San Jose Sharks and the Minnesota Wild.

paragraphs: Heatley was born in Freiburg and raised in Calgary.

paragraphs: Heatley won the Calder Memorial Trophy in 2002. He won the trophy when he was playing for the Atlanta Thrashers. In 2005 Heatley asked to be traded because of his involvement in a car accident that killed teammate and close friend Dan Snyder. He was traded to Ottawa Senators. Heatley then later traded to San Jose Sharks in 2009. Olympic champion in ice hockey with team Canada in Vancouver 2010.

paragraphs: On July 9, 2014, he signed a one-year, $1 million contract as a free agent with the Anaheim Ducks.


title: Mantis

paragraphs: A Mantis (order Mantodea) is a type of insect. They are usually known as praying mantids because of their prayer-like stance.

paragraphs: The group contains about 2,300 species. They occur in temperate and tropical habitats. Most are in are in the family Mantidae, and are called Mantids.

paragraphs: In Europe, the name "praying mantis" refers to only a single species, "Mantis religiosa". They are sometimes confused with phasmids (stick insects).

paragraphs: The closest relatives of mantids are the order Blattodea (cockroaches and termites), and these two groups together are ranked as the Superorder Dictyoptera.

paragraphs: Mantids are notable for their hunting abilities. They are predators, and their diet usually consists of living insects, including flies and aphids. Larger species have been known to prey on small lizards, frogs, birds, snakes, and even rodents.

paragraphs: Most mantids are ambush predators, waiting for prey to stray too near. The mantis then lashes out at remarkable speed. Some ground and bark species, however, pursue their prey rather quickly.

paragraphs: Prey are caught and held securely with grasping, spiked forelegs ('raptorial' legs); the first thoracic segment, the prothorax, is commonly elongated and flexibly articulated, allowing for greater range of movement of the front limbs while the remainder of the body remains more or less still.

paragraphs: The movement of the head is also remarkably flexible. It gives nearly 300 degrees of movement in some species. This allows for a great range of vision (their compound eyes have a large binocular field of vision) without having to move the rest of the body. As their hunting relies heavily on vision, they are mainly diurnal, but many species fly at night, when there is less chance of being taken by birds.

paragraphs: Mantids are masters of camouflage and most species make use of protective colouration to blend in with the foliage or substrate. This helps to avoid predators themselves, and to better snare their victims. They not only blend with the foliage, but mimic it, appearing as either living or withered leaves, sticks, tree bark, blades of grass, flowers, or even stones. Some species in Africa and Australia are able to turn black after a molt following a fire in the region to blend in with the fire ravaged landscape (fire melanism).

paragraphs: Mantids bite, but have no venom, and are not dangerous to humans. They are not chemically protected; nearly any large predatory animal will eat a mantis if it is able to detect it. Mantids are generally quite aggressive towards one another, in fact, and most species are readily cannibalistic when given the opportunity.


title: Memphis blues

paragraphs: The Memphis blues is a type of blues music that was created in the 1920s and 1930s.


title: Piano blues

paragraphs: Piano blues is a type of Blues music where the piano is the main musical instrument used. Boogie woogie is the best known kind of piano blues, though barrelhouse, swing, R&B, rock and roll and jazz are also important.


title: Jazz blues

paragraphs: Jazz blues is a musical style that combines jazz and blues.


title: Fife and drum blues

paragraphs: Fife and drum blues is a form of traditional country blues. It is played with a lead fife player, a vocalist, and a troop of drummers.


Knapsack


title: Earwig

paragraphs: Earwigs is the name given to a group of insects (called "Dermaptera"). They are characterized by wings they can fold under short, leather-like forewings. There are about 1800 species of earwigs. They do not seem to spread any disease, or harm humans in any way. Most of them are 10-14mm long, some species can reach 80mm. Most earwigs are omnivores they also eat some insect larvae.

paragraphs: All earwigs are insects. All earwigs have three body parts, head, thorax, and abdomen. Earwigs are about the same size as a peanut.

paragraphs: Earwigs are dark brown, red, or black. Earwigs use their antennae for smelling and feeling. Their antennae are attached to their head. All earwigs are a little flat. Earwigs have thin back wings and two thick wings to cover the thin wings.. They don’t fly often. Some earwigs have stripes on the thorax and abdomen.

paragraphs: Male earwigs have curved cerci(which are little pinchers to grab food) and females have straight cerci on their abdomen. Some times male earwigs use their cerci (little pinchers to grab food) to fight other males.

paragraphs: Earwigs live all over the world, except Antarctica.

paragraphs: Earwigs usually live in damp, shady places such as under leaves or in fallen trees. Earwigs can also be found in your home, mostly in basements or bathrooms, where there are damp and shady places.

paragraphs: All earwigs eat plants. Earwigs eat pollen out from flowers. Some times fruit in the fall like apples. Some times when they live in houses they eat some of our pests like spiders and flies. Only some times they can get honey to eat. On trees you might find them eating moss or fungi.

paragraphs: To eat insects an earwig has two choices, bad smell or its cerci (little pinchers).

paragraphs: birds will usually avoid eating earwings due to their bad taste and smell.


title: Silverfish

paragraphs: Lepisma saccharina (commonly called the fishmoth, urban silverfish or just the silverfish) is a small, wingless insect. Typically it is between half an inch and one inch (12–25 mm). Its common name comes from the animal's silvery blue color, combined with the fish-like appearance of its movements. The scientific name indicates the silverfish's diet of carbohydrates such as sugar or starches. It belongs to the basal insect order Thysanura, and the species is estimated to have existed for over 300 million years, originating in the Paleozoic Era. Often misidentified as a silverfish is the house centipede, another house-dwelling arthropod that exhibits rapid, fluid movement.

paragraphs: An eyeless species of silverfish, or a close relative, was discovered in January 2006 in caves in Sequoia National Park, California.


title: Amazing Grace

paragraphs: "Amazing Grace" is a poem written in 1772 by Englishman John Newton. The poem named, "Faith's Review and Expectation", was where the song came from. It was set to music. A seventh stanza, by an unknown author, has been added to most versions since 1829, beginning with the words, "When we've been there ten thousand years". In some versions, stanzas five and six to the song are cut and go directly to the seventh.


title: 30,000 Pounds of Bananas

paragraphs: "30,000 Pounds of Bananas" is a song by Harry Chapin. It is from his 1974 "Verities & Balderdash" album.

paragraphs: The song tells the story of real-life truck accident which happened on March 18, 1965, in Scranton, Pennsylvania.


title: Corrie ten Boom

paragraphs: Cornelia Johanna Arnolda "Corrie" ten Boom (April 15, 1892 – April 15, 1983) was a Dutch evangelist and Nazi concentration camp survivor. She helped nearly 800 Jews escape the Nazis during World War II. Ten Boom co-wrote her autobiography "The Hiding Place". It was later made into a movie of the same name. In December 1967, Ten Boom was given the award of "Righteous Among the Nations"' by the State of Israel.

paragraphs: She was born in Amsterdam and died in California at the age of 91.


title: Lincoln Memorial

paragraphs: The Lincoln Memorial was built to remember Abraham Lincoln. Lincoln was the 16th President of the United States. He led the nation during the American Civil War. The memorial is in the National Mall in Washington, D.C., and is a popular site for tourists.

paragraphs: The Lincoln Memorial was built to look like the Temple of Zeus at Olympia, Greece. The main focus of the memorial is Daniel Chester French's sculpture of Lincoln, seated on a throne.It is surrounded by thirty six columns which are high. There is a large reflecting pool right outside the steps.

paragraphs: A sculpture of Lincoln sitting on a chair is inside the Memorial. The statue shows the President looking towards the reflecting pool and the Washington Monument. The statue is 19 feet 9 inches (6 m) tall and wide, and was carved from 28 blocks of white marble.

paragraphs: These words are written on the wall behind the sculpture:

paragraphs: This is a complicated sentence and was written long ago. It means that Abraham Lincoln will forever be remembered here, just like he will be remembered by the people of the United States, who he saved.

paragraphs: Lincoln's famous speech, the Gettysburg Address, is written into one of the walls at the Memorial. There are also several murals on the other walls. One of the murals shows an angel, and another one shows a slave being freed.

paragraphs: Due to Lincoln being associated with freeing the slaves, the Memorial has been a center for civil rights protests in the United States. In 1939, Marian Anderson sang there because she could not sing at Constitution Hall. The Memorial has been used many times for famous events. Martin Luther King's "I Have a Dream" speech was given on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial. President Richard Nixon once met with protesters of the Vietnam War, who were at the Memorial. A concert was given for President Barack Obama at the Memorial before he took office.

paragraphs: The Lincoln Memorial has been on the back of the United States penny (the one cent coin) for many years, as well as the five dollar bill. Both have a picture of Lincoln on the front.


title: Myki

paragraphs: Myki is a new ticket to replace the Metcard.


title: Morwell, Victoria

paragraphs: Morwell is a city in Gippsland, east of Victoria. Morwell is in the Latrobe Valley. The Latrobe Valley has a lot of brown coal which is burned to make electricity in power stations. It is also the centre for the City of Latrobe.

paragraphs: The name Morwell is believed to have come from the Australian aboriginal Gunnai language meaning "people who live in the swamp".


title: Archaeognatha

paragraphs: Archaeognatha is an order of wingless insects, also known as "jumping bristletails". They are among those insects which changed least during evolution. They first appear in the Devonian period along with the arachnids (Spiders). The name Archaeognatha is derived from Greek "Archaeos" meaning "ancient" and "gnatha" meaning "jaw". This refers to the articulation of the mandibles, which has a single condyle, where all higher insects have two. An alternate name, "Microcoryphia" comes from the Greek "micro" meaning "small" and "coryphia" meaning head.

paragraphs: The Order Archaeognatha has previously been combined with the Order Thysanura, or bristletails. Both groups have three-pronged tails with two cerci and an epiproct. Archaeognatha differ from Thysanura in that they are able to use their tail to spring up to 30 cm into the air. Like Thysanura, the body is covered with scales, with a thin exoskeleton that is susceptible to dehydration.

paragraphs: There are approximately 350 species in the two families. They are distributed worldwide, and unusual in the insect world in that they can even be found in the Arctic where they live in leaf litter and rock crevices. They feed primarily on algae, but also lichens, mosses, or decaying organic materials.

paragraphs: There are no species at current conservation risk, though the order is one of the most poorly-studied among insects, and therefore it may simply be that no one has yet recognized that any species are at risk.


title: Ravi Zacharias

paragraphs: Frederick Antony Ravi Kumar Zacharias (March 26, 1946 – May 19, 2020) was an Indian-born Canadian-American Evangelical Christian apologist and evangelist. Zacharias was the author of many Christian books, such as the Gold Medallion Book Award winner "Can Man Live Without God?" Zacharias established Ravi Zacharias International Ministries (RZIM) and presented the radio programs "Let My People Think" and "Just Thinking".

paragraphs: Zacharias died of spinal cancer on May 19, 2020 at his home in Atlanta, Georgia at the age of 74.


title: WWE NXT

paragraphs: "'WWE NXT" is a professional wrestling promotion based in Winter Park, Florida. It is the official developmental territory for WWE.

paragraphs: NXT was started as Florida Championship Wrestling, typically shortened to FCW Steve Keirn in 2007 to be WWE's second developmental territory when they ended their relationship with Deep South Wrestling in 2007. It became their only developmental territory in early 2008 when they ended their relationship with Ohio Valley Wrestling.

paragraphs: FCW's first show was on June 26, 2007 in Tampa, Florida. A 21 man Battle Royal was held during the show, with Harry Smith winning to become the first ever FCW Southern Heavyweight Champion. The next year, the FCW Florida Heavyweight Championship was introduced, with Jake Hager becoming the first champion at a battle royal on February 15, 2008 and defeating Ted DiBiase, Jr.. The FCW Florida Tag Team Championship was also introduced in February, with the Puerto Rican Nightmares (Eddie Colón and Eric Perez) beating Steven Lewington and Heath Miller to win it in the finals of a tournament. The two heavyweight titles were later unified, keeping the "Florida Heavyweight" name.

paragraphs: FCW regularly ran shows every Tuesday at Bourbon Street Nightclub, as well as shows on other nights at other venues in and around the Central Florida area. As NXT Wrestling, it now runs live shows ar several locations around Florida.

paragraphs: In August 2012, WWE retired all FCW championship belts and changed the promotion's name to "NXT". WWE had previously used NXT for a reality television program that featured FCW wrestlers trying to earn a WWE contract. "WWE NXT", which had been the name of the reality show, is now used as the title of their TV show.

paragraphs: Since it started a TV show at Full Sail University in Winter Park, Florida, NXT has had three championships: the NXT Championship, the NXT Tag Team Championship, and the NXT Women's Championship. In January 2017, WWE held a tournament in England to determine the first ever WWE United Kingdom Champion. The original plan was to have a WWE show in the UK, but the show has not premiered yet, so the championship is on NXT for now.


title: Blues scale

paragraphs: The blues scale is a hexatonic scale with minor pentatonic scale. But because blues notes (or blue notes) have a different form, there can be no one blues scale. As named in contemporary jazz theory, its use is based on the key and not the chord, unlike some chords in jazz.

paragraphs: The semitone differences for a blues scale are 3-2-1-1-3-2 for instance- C-Eb-F-F#-G-Bb-C


title: Infant baptism

paragraphs: Infant baptism is the baptism (or "christening") of young children or infants. In theology, the practice is sometimes called paedobaptism or pedobaptism.


title: OMF International

paragraphs: OMF International (or Overseas Missionary Fellowship and China Inland Mission before 1964) is an inter-denominational Protestant Christian missionary society. It was started by English missionary Hudson Taylor on 25 June, 1865.


title: Wordless Book

paragraphs: A Wordless Book is a Christian evangelistic device. Most believe that it was created by the famous London Baptist preacher Charles Haddon Spurgeon. It is called a "book", as it is usually has pages, but it can also be shown on a single page or banner.

paragraphs: Spurgeon’s concept only contained three colors: “first was black, the second was red, and the third was pure white”


title: Swarm intelligence

paragraphs: Swarm Intelligence is a field of Computer science. It is a form of Artificial intelligence. Some animals, mostly insects like ants, or bees form large colonies. These colonies are made of many animals that communicate with each other. Each animal is relatively simple, but by working together with other animals it is able to solve complex tasks.

paragraphs: Swarm intelligence wants to obtain similar behaviour than that observed with these animals. Instead of the animals, so called "agents" are used.


title: Hudson Taylor

paragraphs: James Hudson Taylor 戴德生 (May 21, 1832 – June 3,1905) was a British Protestant Christian missionary to China. He started the China Inland Mission (CIM) (now OMF International). Taylor spent 51 years in China.


title: Baptist Union of Great Britain

paragraphs: The Baptist Union of Great Britain (BUGB) is the both oldest and largest national group of Baptist churches in Great Britain. It was started when the General Baptists and Particular Baptists came together in 1891.


title: Credit

paragraphs: When somebody borrows resources from somebody else, credit is the trust that they will later pay it back. The term often is used when somebody borrows money from a bank. This is called a loan. A bank may not give somebody credit if they do not think they would pay the loan back.

paragraphs: A bank or a credit union can give somebody a credit card. This is a card somebody can use when they are buying something instead of using cash. Credit cards are given on the trust they will pay the bank or credit union.


title: Spurgeon's College

paragraphs: Spurgeon's College is a theological institute in London. It was started by Charles Spurgeon, known as "the Prince of Preachers." It was first named "The Pastors' College" when it opened in 1857. When it moved to its present building in 1923, it was renamed in honour of its starter Charles Spurgeon.


title: Michael Vick

paragraphs: Michael Vick is a former American football quarterback of the National Football League (NFL). He played in three Pro Bowls. He played for the Atlanta Falcons, Philadelphia Eagles, New York Jets, and Pittsburgh Steelers.

paragraphs: Vick was born in Newport News, Virginia on June 26, 1980. He played college football for the Virginia Tech Hokies. The Atlanta Falcons chose him with the first pick in the 2001 NFL Draft.

paragraphs: In 2007, he was arrested for forcing dogs to fight each other. Some of the dogs died. He had been doing this since 2002. He was sent to prison, and was released in 2009. The Falcons did not want him back, and drafted another quarterback, Matt Ryan.

paragraphs: After Vick was released from prison, he accepted an offer to join the Philadelphia Eagles. In 2009, he backed up Donovan McNabb and Kevin Kolb, but became a starter in the following two seasons. He was elected as a Pro Bowler in 2011. Vick has been known as a great running quarterback. He rushed for 1,000 yards in 2006 with the Falcons.


title: Tom Brady

paragraphs: Thomas Edward Patrick Brady Jr. (born August 3, 1977) is an American football quarterback for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the National Football League (NFL). He spent the first 20 seasons of his career with the New England Patriots, playing in nine Super Bowls and winning six of them, the most of any player in NFL history.

paragraphs: He has won a record four Super Bowl MVP awards (XXXVI, XXXVIII, XLIX, and LI) as well as three NFL MVP awards (2007, 2010, 2017).

paragraphs: Brady is a 14 time NFL Pro-Bowler, an award given to outstanding players in the league at their position.

paragraphs: Brady is also famous for his number "12" as well as being married to supermodel Gisele Bundchen.


title: Randy Moss

paragraphs: Randy Moss (born February 13, 1977) is an American football player. He plays as a wide receiver for the San Francisco 49ers. Moss came out of retirement to play with the 49ers. He played college football at Marshall University. Moss was picked in the 1998 NFL Draft, in the first round with the 21st overall pick by the Minnesota Vikings. Moss played his NFL career with the Tennessee Titans, Oakland Raiders, Minnesota Vikings and New England Patriots, and has also played in 7 Pro Bowls. In 2007 (in which the Patriots went 16-0), Moss caught 23 touchdowns and helped quarterback Tom Brady set a record with 50 touchdown passes that year. However, he has sometimes been criticized for his lack of effort, which was most evident with Oakland and during Moss's second stint with Minnesota in 2010.


title: Norm Van Brocklin

paragraphs: Norm Van Brocklin (March 15, 1926 – May 2, 1983) was an American football coach for the Atlanta Falcons. He is a member of the NFL Hall of Fame as a player for the Los Angeles Rams (1949-1957) and the Philadelphia Eagles (1958-1960)


title: San Antonio Spurs

paragraphs: The San Antonio Spurs are a team in the National Basketball Association in San Antonio, Texas. They began playing in the NBA in 1976. They play their home game at the AT&T Center. They are currently coached by Gregg Popovich. They won 5 NBA Championships in 1999, 2003, 2005, 2007 and 2014 respectively.

paragraphs: Notable players for the Spurs are Tim Duncan, Manu Ginóbili, Tony Parker, David Robinson.


title: Atlanta Hawks

paragraphs: The Atlanta Hawks are a team in the National Basketball Association. They play their home games at Philips Arena in Atlanta, Georgia.

paragraphs: The Hawks have played in several cities throughout the team's history, and have also had other names. The team was first the Buffalo Bisons in 1946, then moved to Moline, Illinois that same year, being called the Tri-Cities Blackhawks until 1951. (They did not join the NBA until 1949). In 1951, they changed their name to the Hawks and moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, then moved to St. Louis, Missouri in 1955. While in St. Louis, they won an NBA championship in 1958. As of 2011, this is the only championship the team has won. The Hawks moved to Atlanta in 1968, and have been there ever since.


title: Golden State Warriors

paragraphs: The Golden State Warriors are a professional basketball team. They are one of the oldest teams in the NBA. They played in Philadelphia as the Philadelphia Warriors from 1946 to 1962, and in San Francisco from 1962 to 1971. Currently, they play in San Francisco, California at the Chase Center. The Warriors have won six NBA championships, in 1947, 1956, 1975, 2015, 2017 and 2018. Many great basketball players have played or still play for the Warriors, these players are Joe Fulks, Paul Arizin, Neil Johnston, Tim Hardaway, Wilt Chamberlain, Guy Rodgers, Al Attles, Rick Barry, Nate Thurmond, Chris Mullin, Latrell Sprewell, Draymond Green, Klay Thompson, Stephen Curry, Kevin Durant.

paragraphs: In the 2007 NBA playoffs, they pulled off one of the biggest upsets in NBA playoff history by upsetting the Dallas Mavericks, who finished with 67 wins and 15 losses. The Mavs also had Dirk Nowitzki, who won MVP that year. Before they shocked Dirk's Mavericks, the Warriors had Baron Davis and they also had 42 wins and 40 losses. They won the series 4-2 in game 6.

paragraphs: In 2016, the Warriors went back to NBA Finals and met the Cleveland Cavaliers, who they beat the year before, but they became the 11th team to blow a 3-1 series lead and the first to do it in the NBA Finals and lost. Before losing 4-3 to the Cavaliers, they had 73 wins and 9 losses, breaking the 72-10 record and also becoming the 10th team to overcome a 3-1 series deficit to win the series against the Oklahoma City Thunder.


title: Sacramento Kings

paragraphs: The Sacramento Kings are a team in the National Basketball Association in Sacramento, California. They began playing in the National Basketball Association in 1948. They play their home games at Golden 1 Center (Their last arena being Sleep Train Arena (formally known as Arco Arena)).


title: Philadelphia 76ers

paragraphs: The Philadelphia 76ers (or Sixers for short) are a professional basketball team in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. They play in the National Basketball Association. They started in the year 1946 as the Syracuse Nationals. They joined the NBA in 1949. The 76ers have won three NBA championships.


title: New York Knicks

paragraphs: The New York Knicks, officially the New York Knickerbockers, are a team in the National Basketball Association (NBA) in New York, New York. The head coach of the team is David Fizdale. The Knicks play their home games at Madison Square Garden.


title: Utah Jazz

paragraphs: The Utah Jazz are a team in the National Basketball Association in Utah. They were originally from New Orleans, Louisiana in the late 1970s. Jazz music is popular in New Orleans, and the team was named the Jazz when it was in New Orleans. The team kept the name when it moved to Utah.

paragraphs: The Jazz are in Salt Lake City, Utah's capital, and they made it to the NBA Finals in 1997 and 1998. John Stockton and Karl Malone were players that led them to these championship games. They played the Chicago Bulls both times, and Michael Jordan helped the Bulls win against the Jazz both times.

paragraphs: Jerry Sloan has coached the Jazz for over 20 years. He started coaching after Frank Layden stopped coaching the Jazz. Sloan felt a big load on his shoulders with his role as coach, and that became clear when he announced in 2011 that he decided to step down. His main assistant, "Phil Johnson", also stepped down. This came as a big surprise to many sports fans. The Utah Jazz hired Tyrone Corbin as the head coach in time for their next game of the 2010-2011 season. Corbin had played for the Jazz, and had been an assistant coach under Sloan for the team as well. Jeff Hornacek, a former Jazz player, also helped the Jazz by deciding to join the organization again as an assistant to Coach Corbin.

paragraphs: The Jazz had another big change in 2011. They traded Deron Williams, a veteran NBA player, to the New Jersey Nets. These big changes in the Jazz' profile in little over a month were preceded by a big change in 2009, when the owner and founder of the Jazz, Larry H. Miller, died. His son, "Greg Miller", is now in charge, and Larry's wife Gail Miller still helps with decisions and feedback for the team.


title: Houston Rockets

paragraphs: The Houston Rockets are a team in the National Basketball Association in Houston, Texas. They play their home games at the Toyota Center. They began playing in the NBA in 1967 and were originally known as the San Diego Rockets from 1967 to 1971.

paragraphs: Hakeem Olajuwon was a star player for the Rockets. He lead them to their first NBA championship in 1994. They repeated as champions in 1995. Yao Ming was also a star player for the Rockets.


title: Portland Trail Blazers

paragraphs: The Portland Trail Blazers are a team in the National Basketball Association from Portland, Oregon. They play their home games at the Moda Center. They won 1 NBA Championship in 1977.


title: Extreme

paragraphs: Uses for the term extreme, which is sometimes spelled xtreme, include:


title: Julius Eastman

paragraphs: Julius Eastman (October 27, 1940 – May 28, 1990) was an African-American composer, pianist, singer and dancer. He is a minimalist.

paragraphs: Eastman grew up in Ithaca, New York. He began piano at age 14. He studied piano at the Curtis Institute of Music, with Mieczyslaw Horszowski and composition with Constant Vauclain.

paragraphs: In 1970, Eastman joined the Center for the Creative and Performing Arts at SUNY Buffalo, where he met the Czech-born composer, conductor, and flute player Petr Kotik. Eastman and Kotik played together in the early to mid 1970s. Eastman was a maker of the S.E.M. Ensemble. From 1971 he performed and traveled with the group.

paragraphs: He died alone in Millard Fillmore Hospital in Buffalo, New York of heart problems. No attention was given to his death until an obituary in the "Village Voice" by Kyle Gannon January 22, 1991, eight months after he died.


title: Eli Manning

paragraphs: Elisha Nelson "Eli" Manning (born January 3, 1981 in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA) is an American football quarterback for the New York Giants in the National Football League (NFL).

paragraphs: Manning played college football at the University of Mississippi after attending high school at Isidore Newman School in New Orleans.

paragraphs: When Manning entered the NFL Draft (which is where professional American football teams choose new players for their teams), he was first chosen by the San Diego Chargers. But, the same day that the San Diego Chargers chose Manning, they decided to allow him to play for the New York Giants. In return, the New York Giants allowed Philip Rivers to join the San Diego Chargers. The New York Giants also allowed the San Diego Chargers to choose more players the next time the NFL Draft happened.

paragraphs: Manning was called the Most Valuable Player of Super Bowl XLII, which was played on February 3, 2008. In that game, he led the New York Giants to an unexpected win over the previously undedeated New England Patriots. When New York won Super Bowl XLVI, Manning was the MVP of that too.

paragraphs: Eli Manning's home is in Hoboken, New Jersey. He is the son of former NFL quarterback Archie Manning. Eli is the younger brother of Peyton Manning.

paragraphs: When Eli Manning was young, it was difficult for him to learn how to read. He almost had to do one year of school twice. Manning said that his mother helped him a lot when he was learning how to read. His brother, Peyton Manning, and father Archie Manning have also been successful quarterbacks.

paragraphs: In 2007, Manning asked Abby McGrew to marry him. He met her while they were in college. On April 19, 2008 Manning and McGrew were married in San José del Cabo|San José del Cabo, Mexico.

paragraphs: When he is not playing football, Manning likes collecting antiques with his mother and wife.

paragraphs: On April 30, 2008, Eli Manning and the rest of the people who play for the New York Giants visited United States President George W. Bush at the White House for the Super Bowl champions celebration.

paragraphs: Manning plays golf with his father and brothers several times a year.


title: Paul Pierce

paragraphs: Paul Anthony Pierce (born October 13, 1977 in Oakland, California) is a retired American basketball player of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball at the University of Kansas. Pierce won an NBA championship with the Celtics in 2008, and won the NBA 3-Point Shooting Contest in 2010. He was the Most Valuable Player of the 2008 NBA Finals.


title: Scotty Bowman

paragraphs: William Scott "Scotty" Bowman (born September 18, 1933 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada) is a former National Hockey League head coach. He holds the record for most wins with 1,244.

paragraphs: Bowman was born on September 18, 1933 in Verdun, Quebec. He played minor league hockey until a fractured skull resulting from a slash by Jean-Guy Talbot ended his playing aspirations.


title: Nigel Mansell

paragraphs: Nigel Ernest James Mansell OBE (born August 8, 1953 in Upton-upon-Severn, Worcestershire) is a British racing driver from England who won both the Formula One World Championship (1992) and CART World Series (1993). He is the only person in history to hold both titles simultaneously, and was the first person to win the CART title in his debut season. During the early nineties, Mansell was commonly known, by the British media especially, as "Our Nige".

paragraphs: His career in Formula One spanned 15 seasons, with his final two full seasons of top-level racing being spent in the CART series. Mansell remains the most successful British Formula One driver of all-time in terms of race wins with 31 victories, and is fourth overall on the Formula One race winners list behind Michael Schumacher, Alain Prost, and Ayrton Senna. He was rated in the top 10 Formula One drivers of all time by Murray Walker, who was a Formula One commentator for 50 years. In 2008, American sports television network ESPN ranked him 24th on their top drivers of all-time.

paragraphs: Mansell raced in the GP Masters series and signed a one-off race deal for the Scuderia Ecosse GT race team to drive their number 63 Ferrari430 GT2 car at Silverstone on 6 May 2007.


title: Graham Hill

paragraphs: Norman Graham Hill (15 February 1929 – 29 November 1975) was a British racing driver and two-time Formula One World Champion. He was born in Hampstead, London and died in a plane crash in Arkley, London.

paragraphs: His son Damon Hill and Damon's son Josh Hill are racing drivers.


title: Beşiktaş

paragraphs: Besiktas ("Turkish": Beşiktaş) is a district in the European part of İstanbul. Beşiktaş is by the coastal of Bosphorus.

paragraphs: Beşiktaş has a football team called Beşiktaş Jimnastik Kulübü (BJK) (English: Besiktas Gym Club). BJK is one of the biggest and one of the most popular football team in Turkey.

paragraphs: Dolmabahçe Palace is an Ottoman palace located in Besiktas along the coast. This is the palace where the founder of modern Turkey, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, died.


title: Eusociality

paragraphs: Eusociality is a term in animal behaviour for the more complex kinds of social organisation. The term "eusocial" was introduced in 1966 by Suzanne Batra. E.O. Wilson gave it a more precise meaning.

paragraphs: At the start, it was used for invertebrates only, usually social insects. These are its main features:

paragraphs: Presociality is a term for simpler (basal) kinds of sociality.

paragraphs: After Wilson's original definition, others discussed it, and some wanted to change its details.

paragraphs: The most familiar examples of eusociality are insects such as ants, bees, wasps, and termites. All of these are colonial animals which have queens for reproduction. The animals that are workers or soldiers are usually sterile - they cannot have offspring.

paragraphs: There were only two known mammal species which are eusocial. These are the naked mole rat and the Damaraland mole rat.

paragraphs: Eusociality with sterile individuals is the most extreme form of kin altruism. They do specialized tasks, often caring for the reproductive members. It includes individuals whose behaviour, body shape and function is modified for group defence, including self-sacrifice (altruism).

paragraphs: Eusociality played a key role in the development of theories in sociobiology.

paragraphs: Naked mole rats are eusocial mammals. Colonies averaging 75-80 individuals live together in complex systems of burrows in arid African deserts. The tunnel systems built by naked mole rats can stretch up to two or three miles in cumulative length.

paragraphs: Recently, some species of gall-making aphids (Order Hemiptera) and thrips (Order Thysanoptera) are eusocial, with many separate origins of the state (convergent evolution). These species have extremely high relatedness between individuals. This is due to their mode of reproduction: sterile soldier castes are of the same clone as the reproducing female. The gall-inhabiting behavior gives these species a resource which sets them apart from related species with similar genetics. In these groups, therefore, high relatedness alone does not lead to the evolution of social behavior, but requires that groups occur in a restricted, shared area.

paragraphs: Similarly, eusociality occurs in some crustaceans and other arthropods. On some tropical reefs, several species of minute "Synalpheus" pistol shrimp are eusocial. They depend on certain sponges for the survival of their colony, and have a single breeding female and a number of male defenders armed with large snapping claws. Again, there is a single shared domicile for the colony members, and the non-breeding members act to defend it.

paragraphs: In colonies of eusocial animals, some animals are sterile. They can not pass on their genes at all. How can these animals evolve and persist? Since they do not breed, their fitness should be zero and any genes causing this condition should be eliminated from the population immediately. In "On the Origin of Species", Darwin called this eusocial behavior the "one special difficulty, which at first appeared to me insuperable, and actually fatal to my theory". Darwin thought that the resolution to the paradox would lie in the close family relationship.

paragraphs: Darwin could not say more because he did no know what the mechanism of heredity was. The first explanations were kin selection, and inclusive fitness. Both rely on the discovery of how genes are inherited. This discovery was made after Darwin had published "On the Origin of Species", and not understood until after 1900.

paragraphs: Early ideas on eusociality included suggestions that trophallaxis or food sharing was a basis for sociality. The most widely accepted model to explain eusociality is based on W.D. Hamilton's idea of inclusive fitness.

paragraphs: Haplodiploidy determines the sex in "all" members of the insect order Hymenoptera (bees, ants, and wasps), and the Thysanoptera ('thrips').

paragraphs: In this system, sex is determined by the number of sets of chromosomes an individual receives. An offspring formed from the union of a sperm and an egg develops as a female, and an unfertilized egg develops as a male. This means that the males have half the number of chromosomes that a female has, and so are haploid.

paragraphs: The haplodiploid sex-determination system has a number of peculiarities. Most importantly, the relatedness between the sisterhood of worker bees in a hive or nest is 0.75. This means the workers are significantly more closely related than siblings in other sex determination systems. It is this point which drives the kin selection theory of how eusociality evolved.

paragraphs: If the theory of inclusive fitness is accurate, the haplodiploidy makes kin selection easier. "Sisters are more related to each other than to any offspring they might have". Hamilton called them "supersisters". On average, two supersisters have 75 percent of the same genes. If they breed, they would share only half of their genome with their offspring. From the selfish gene's point-of-view, it is better to raise more sisters. Even though workers often do not reproduce, they are potentially passing on more of their genes by caring for sisters than they would by having their own offspring.

paragraphs: This unusual situation may explain why eusociality evolved several times in the haplodiploid group Hymenoptera — ants, bees and wasps. As of 2009, 11 separate cases are known. However, Hymenoptera is a large group and the majority of its species are not social. Furthermore, highly developed eusociality also exists in non-hymenopterans, perhaps most obviously in termites. Most such cases involve organisms that display high levels of inbreeding, so that colony members share more than half of their genes. Therefore the same model is considered to apply to these species.

paragraphs: Reeve and Holldobler put forward a theory of a superorganism. They look at competition and co-operation "between" groups as well as "within" groups. In their model, an individual's inclusive fitness varies according to how much it invests in within-group competition (e.g. hoarding a private food cache) versus between-group competition (e.g. contributing to common foraging); and on its relatedness to the other group members.

paragraphs: In a colony with one breeder (queen) and many workers, the evolutionarily stable state is for each individual to invest entirely in helping the group. This leads to a perfect "superorganism". In other words, the eusociality is stable, a result that agrees with Hamilton's findings. Also, they show that the effect is reinforced if there are many groups competing for the same resources.


title: Scuderia Ferrari

paragraphs: Scuderia Ferrari is the name for the Gestione Sportiva, the division of the Ferrari automobile company concerned with racing. Though the Scuderia and Ferrari Corse Clienti continue to manage the racing activities of numerous Ferrari customers and private teams, Ferrari's racing division has completely devoted its attention and funding to its Formula One team, Scuderia Ferrari. Scuderia is Italian for "Stable", and Ferrari is the name of its founder. The prancing horse was the symbol on Italian World War I ace Francesco Baracca's fighter plane, and became the logo of Ferrari after the fallen ace's parents, good friends with Enzo Ferrari, asked him so, to continue his tradition of sportsmanship, gallantry and boldness.

paragraphs: Scuderia Ferrari was founded in 1929, and raced for Alfa Romeo until 1939. Ferrari first competed in F1 in 1948 (the team's first F1 car was the Tipo 125 F1), making it the oldest and arguably the most successful team left in the championship. The team's numerous and ardent Italian fans are known as "tifosi", though the team also has a vibrant international following.

paragraphs: One of the most popular Ferrari drivers was Michael Schumacher, who won five titles with Ferrari. He drove in this team from 1997 through 2006. Schumacher worked with Ferrari in a consulting role after he quit driving. In , Kimi Räikkönen won the Driving Championship for Ferrari. In Felipe Massa lost the Championship Title to Lewis Hamilton by one point. Ferrari won the Constructors Championship in 2007 and 2008.


title: TRT

paragraphs: The TRT (Turkish Radio and Television Corporation) is the first television broadcaster and national public broadcaster of Turkey. Launched on 1926 as TR (Radio) 1964 May 1th as TRT (Radio) 1968 January 31 (Television) Currently it has 14 channels. (one of HD)


title: Cnbc-e

paragraphs: Cnbc-e is a TV channel which broadcasts financial and entertainment programs in Turkey. Cnbc-e broadcasts TV series and movies in original languages (mostly American series and movies) with Turkish subtitles.


title: Kanal D

paragraphs: Kanal D is a popular Turkish television channel broadcasting nationally. Euro D broadcasts Kanal D programmes to all Europe.


title: CNN Türk

paragraphs: CNN Türk is the Turkish version of international CNN. CNN Türk broadcasts nationwide in Turkey.


title: NTV Turkey

paragraphs: NTV Turkey is a Turkish nationwide television channel which consists of news, sports programmes and documentaries.


title: Milliyet

paragraphs: Milliyet is a major Turkish daily newspaper founded in 1950. Abdi İpekçi, the editor of Milliyet, was murdered in 1979 when coming from the newspaper to his home.


title: Damon Hill

paragraphs: Damon Graham Devereux Hill OBE (born 17 September 1960) is a British retired racing driver.

paragraphs: He was the 1996 Formula One World Champion. As the son of double Formula One world champion Graham Hill, he is the only son of a world champion to win the title, until Nico Rosberg, son of 1982 World Champion Keke Rosberg, clinched the title in 2016 . Despite the famous family name, Hill had an uphill struggle to reach the ranks of F1.

paragraphs: Damon Hill came to professional motorsports relatively late: he began racing motorcycles in 1983 at the age of 23. The following year, he won the 350 cc Clubman's cup at Brands Hatch. In 1985, he moved on to four-wheel single-seater racing with Team Van Diemen in the Formula Ford championship, before moving up into the UK Formula 3 championship in 1986. After three seasons in Formula 3, where he won four races, Hill ascended another tier of open-wheel racing by joining Mooncraft in the International Formula 3000 championship, where, although often competitive, he never won a race.

paragraphs: Hill started his Formula One career in 1992 with the then uncompetitive Brabham team. His debut race was at the British Grand Prix where he qualified on the back row. He took the first of his 22 victories at the 1993 Hungarian Grand Prix for the Williams team the following year. In 1994, he won the British Grand Prix, a race his father had never won in his long and successful career. During the mid 1990s, Hill was Michael Schumacher's main rival for the Formula One Driver's Championship, finishing runner-up in the German's 1994 and 1995 title seasons. The two had a series of controversial clashes on and off the track, including the collision at the 1994 Australian Grand Prix that gave Schumacher his first title by a single point. Hill took eight victories and the world championship in 1996. Despite this, Williams decided in mid-1996 not to renew Hill's contract for 1997. He went on to record the Jordan team's first ever win at the 1998 Belgian Grand Prix, and came within a few miles of being the only driver to win a Grand Prix for the Arrows team and their Yamaha engine supplier at the 1997 Hungarian Grand Prix. He retired from the sport at the end of the 1999 season, after 122 races. In 2006, Hill became president of the British Racing Drivers' Club, succeeding Jackie Stewart.


title: Aphid

paragraphs: Aphids are small bugs which feed on plants. Aphids cause more plant damage than any other insects. There are over 4,000 different species of aphid.

paragraphs: About 250 species are serious pests for agriculture and forestry as well as an annoyance for gardeners. They vary in size from 1-10 mm long.

paragraphs: Important natural enemies include the predatory lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), hoverfly larvae, lacewings (Neuroptera), larvae of the aphid midge "Aphidoletes aphidimyza", crab spiders, and insect-eating fungi like "Lecanicillium lecanii".

paragraphs: Aphids are found many places on earth. Aphids are most common in temperate zones.

paragraphs: Aphids can travel far in the air. For example, the lettuce aphid spread from New Zealand to Tasmania. They have also been spread by human transportation of infested plant materials.


title: Aigle

paragraphs: Aigle is the capital of the district of Aigle in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. The town has a population of 8,100 people.


title: Brabham

paragraphs: Motor Racing Developments Ltd., commonly known as Brabham (), was a British company that built racing cars. It also ran a racing team in Formula One. It was founded in 1960 by two Australians, driver Jack Brabham and designer Ron Tauranac. The team won four drivers' and two constructors' world championships in its 30-year Formula One history. As of 2008, Jack Brabham's 1966 drivers' championship remains the only victory by a car bearing the driver's own name.

paragraphs: Brabham was the world's largest manufacturer of customer open wheel racing cars in the 1960s, and had built more than 500 cars by 1970. During this period, teams using Brabham cars won championships in Formula Two and Formula Three and competed in the Indianapolis 500. In the 1970s and 1980s, Brabham introduced innovations such as the controversial but successful 'fan car', in-race refuelling, carbon brakes, and hydropneumatic suspension. The team won two more Formula One drivers' championships in the 1980s with Brazilian Nelson Piquet, and became the first to win a drivers' championship with a turbocharged car.

paragraphs: British businessman Bernie Ecclestone owned Brabham during most of the 1970s and 1980s, and later become responsible for administering the commercial aspects of Formula One. Ecclestone sold the team in 1988. Its last owner was the Middlebridge Group, a Japanese engineering firm. Midway through the 1992 season, the team collapsed financially as Middlebridge was unable to make repayments against loans provided by Landhurst Leasing. The case was investigated by the UK Serious Fraud Office.


title: Afrotheria

paragraphs: The Afrotheria is a group of mammals, (a superorder or a clade). It includes the golden moles, elephant shrews, tenrecs, aardvarks, hyraxes, elephants and manatees.

paragraphs: Biologists made this group based on RNA sequence analysis. Afrotheria are one of four major groups in the Eutheria (placental mammals). Afrotheria means "African animals", "afro" for Africa and "theria" for animals.

paragraphs: More recent genomics suggests that Afrotheria and Xenarthra are sister taxa at the base of the placental mammal radiation.

paragraphs: Relations between the various afrotherian orders are still being studied. Elephants and manatees seem to be related, and likewise elephant shrews and aardvarks. These findings are compatible with the work of earlier anatomists.

paragraphs: Afrotheria is a clade of placental mammals.


title: Kimi Räikkönen

paragraphs: Kimi-Matias Räikkönen () (born October 17, 1979 in Espoo, Finland) is a race car driver, currently driving for Alfa Romeo Racing. He is the 2007 Formula One World Drivers' Champion.

paragraphs: Räikkönen entered Formula One as a regular driver for Sauber-Petronas in 2001. Having previously only raced in very junior open-wheel categories, he was given his Super Licence from the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) after a performance delivery promise from his team boss, Peter Sauber. He joined McLaren Mercedes in 2002, and became a title contender by finishing runner-up in the 2003 and 2005 championships to Michael Schumacher and Fernando Alonso, respectively.

paragraphs: Switching to Ferrari in 2007, Räikkönen became the highest paid driver in the sport, and secured his first Formula One World Drivers' Championship, beating McLaren drivers Lewis Hamilton and Fernando Alonso by one point.

paragraphs: Räikkönen is very calm, cool, and calculating in his race strategy—prompting the nickname "Iceman", which is subtly written on the side of his current helmet design. His other nicknames include Kimppa, Räikkä and Kimster (used by his mechanics).

paragraphs: Räikkönen joined the ranks of former F1 drivers who have moved to NASCAR in 2011. His first race was the Camping World Truck Series on May 20 at the Charlotte Motor Speedway in Charlotte, North Carolina. He finished in 15th place on the lead lap. He hopes to work his way up to the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series.

paragraphs: Räikkönen's second NASCAR race was also at Charlotte. He raced in the Nationwide Series. He received a penalty for speeding on pit lane, and finished in 27th place. After the race, he returned to Europe to compete in some more rally races. Räikkönen said his plans are to "see what happens."


paragraphs: La Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile, usually called the FIA, is a non-profit association established as the Association Internationale des Automobile Clubs Reconnus (AIACR) on June 20, 1904 to represent the interests of motoring organisations and motor car users. Most people know the FIA as the governing body for motor racing events.

paragraphs: Headquartered at 8, Place de la Concorde, Paris, the FIA has 213 national member organisations in 125 countries worldwide. Its current president is Max Mosley.

paragraphs: As is the case with football's FIFA, the FIA is generally known by its French name and acronym, even in English-speaking countries, but is sometimes called the "International Automobile Federation".


title: Presociality

paragraphs: Presociality is a term which applies to animal behaviour. Presocial animals have close family relationships, more than just sexual interactions with members of the same species. However, they do not form the extreme colonies of eusocial insects, such as ants.

paragraphs: Presocial animals can live together and take care of their young. They may have some division of labor, but they do not have all the three essential traits of eusocial animals, which are:

paragraphs: Presocial behavior is much more common in the animal kingdom than complete eusociality. Examples include canines that live in packs, numerous insects, especially hymenoptera, humans, many birds, chimpanzees, and many other animals that display social behavior.

paragraphs: The concept of presociality can be further divided:

paragraphs: Among the Vespid wasps, the pressures of predators and parasites selected subsocial behaviour. It is easier to guard the eggs and grubs when the mother wasp stays in her nest to watch over her larva. More so if other adults stay with her. Then the other adults need to collect more food than just for themselves. And so on. it becomes less likely that parasites will be successful in preying on the nest.


title: Murrumbidgee River

paragraphs: The Murrumbidgee River is a big river in New South Wales, Australia, and the Australian Capital Territory. It joins in with the Murray River. The word "Murrumbidgee" is from the Wiradjuri language (Indigenous Australian) and means "big water", "track goes down here" or "very good place". There are many large towns built next to the river, Gundagai, Wagga Wagga, Narrandera, Hay and Balranald.


title: Neotominae

paragraphs: Neotominae is a subfamily of the family Cricetidae. It consists of three tribes, 16 genera, and many species of New World rats and mice. Most of them are found in North America. Among them are the well-known deer mice, white-footed mice, packrats, and grasshopper mice.

paragraphs: Neotomines are related to the other two subfamilies of mice in the New World, Sigmodontinae and Tylomyinae. Many authorities place them all in a single subfamily, Sigmodontinae.


title: Kusadasi

paragraphs: Kusadasi (Turkish Kuşadası) is a town in the province of Aydın in Turkey. The town is a tourist resort and is near the ancient city of Ephesus. It has a population of about 65,000 people.


title: Ayvalik

paragraphs: Ayvalik (Turkish Ayvalık) is a seaside town in the west of Turkey in the province of Balıkesir. The town had an important number of Greek people living there. After the Turkish Independence War the population changes with Turkish and Greek population and Greek population have gotten smaller.


title: Bregenz

paragraphs: Bregenz is the capital of Vorarlberg, the westernmost federal state of Austria. About 27.000 people live in the city proper, its agglomeration has about 60.000 people. Together with Lindau, the settled area (which reaches into the south of Germany, and into Switzerland) has about 120.000 people. The city has a port on Lake Constance and is a railway hub.

paragraphs: Humans have lived in the area since about 1500 BC. During Roman times, there was an Oppidum. Parts of the city are fortified. Bregenz has the right to hold a market once a week since 1330.

paragraphs: The borders of Switzerland and Germany are less than 10 km away.

paragraphs: The main ethnic groups are Austrians, Turkish, Italians, Serbians, and Germans.


title: Togo mouse

paragraphs: The Togo mouse (or Büttner's African forest mouse or the Groove-toothed forest mouse, "Leimacomys buettneri") is a unique muroid rodent. It is known from only two specimens, which were taken near the locality of Bismarckburg, near Yege, Togo in 1890.

paragraphs: The entirety of known material for this species consists of a single poor quality dry skin, a fluid preserved animal, and a cranium and mandible. The cranium and mandible are from different animals. The material is deposited in the Zoologisches Museum of Humboldt University in Berlin, Germany.

paragraphs: The head and body length is 118 mm with a tail of 37 mm. This tail is unusually short relative to the body length (ratio of 37%) and is considered an important diagnostic feature. The animal is dark to grey brown above and pale grey brown below. Ears are small and hairy. Feet are also somewhat hairy. The tail may be naked or slightly haired.

paragraphs: Incisors are shallowly grooved. The snout is long and wide, interorbital width broad, and zygomatic plate large (Musser and Carleton, 2005).

paragraphs: Based upon skull morphology, the Togo Mouse is presumed to be insectivorous (Dieterlen, 1976). Very little is known about the habits of this unusual mouse.

paragraphs: "Leimacomys" has been transferred back and forth between the Dendromurinae and the Murinae since its discovery. It most closely resembles "Lophuromys" which has been transferred to a newly erected Deomyinae on the basis of molecular data. The association with "Lophuromys" is thought to be due to convergent evolution due to a similar diet (Dieterlen, 1976). Tooth characters resemble dendromurines, "Mystromys" or basal gerbils. Denys et al. (1995) generated a phylogeny that suggested with limited support that "Leimacomys" is a sister taxon to the Gerbillinae.

paragraphs: Musser and Carleton (2005) chose to erect a new subfamily, Leimacomyinae, to house this species. They placed it in the family Muridae due to its potential connection to either the Gerbillinae or Deomyinae, but emphasized that a broad phylogenetic study including "Leimacomys", and a host of nesomyids and murids is needed to determine its appropriate position.

paragraphs: The Togo Mouse is considered to be either critically endangered or extinct depending on the authority. Schlitter (1989) classified it as extinct, because subsequent surveys to the area failed to recover it. Grubb et al. (1998) noted that these surveys inadequately sampled appropriate habitat in Togo and neighboring Ghana, and they were reluctant to declare the species extinct. Musser and Carleton (2005) emphasized that insectivorous muroids as a group have proven difficult to capture, and that intense surveys of high elevation forest in this region are required to determine if it still persists.

paragraphs: The IUCN currently describes the Togo Mouse as "data deficient".


title: Nazimiye

paragraphs: Nazimiye is a district of Tunceli Province in Turkey. Its old name is Kisle. The district has a total population of about 2000 people. There is no industrial activity in Nazimiye. Agriculture and state ownership institutions are the only jobs there.


title: Yalova

paragraphs: Yalova is a Turkish city in the northwest, which was affected in the earthquake of 17 August 1999. The city is along the coast of the Marmara Sea. Yalova has a better quality of life from other Turkish cities. It has a population of 77,000.

paragraphs: The first people settled in this region in the Prehistoric Period.

paragraphs: Twin cities of Yalova are Bonn in Germany and Mahachkala in Russia.


title: Mudanya

paragraphs: Mudanya is a town along the Sea of Marmara and also a district of Bursa Province in Turkey. It is located in Gulf of Gemlik. The town has a road transportation with Bursa and seaway transportation by ferries with Istanbul.

paragraphs: Mudanya has industrial sector and agriculture sector especially oil production. The town also has a seaport.


title: Gemlik

paragraphs: Gemlik is a harbor town in Turkey. It has 70,000 people living there. Gemlik is a district of Bursa Province. It has a free industrial zone. This zone helped the development of industry in Gemlik. Agriculture is mostly olives for eating, and olive oil is an important economic activity in Gemlik.

paragraphs: There is a seaport in the town. Gemlik is between Bursa and İstanbul. Because of this location, the town developed rapidly after 1990s.


title: Chinchillidae

paragraphs: The family Chinchillidae contains the chinchillas, viscachas, and their fossil relatives. They are restricted to southern and western South America. Often they can be found in the Andes. They are large rodents, weighing from 800 grams to 8 kilograms. They have strong hind legs and large ears. All species have thick, soft fur. Their fur is considered valuable in some species.

paragraphs: There are three extant and three fossil genera currently recognized.


title: Myomorpha

paragraphs: Suborder Myomorpha has 1,137 species of mouse-like rodents, almost a quarter of all mammals. mice, rats, gerbils, hamsters, lemmings and voles are in the group. They are grouped according to how the jaw looks like and how the molar teeth look like. They are very good at biting and chewing. Myomorphs are found all around the world, except Antarctica, in almost all land places. They are usually animals who are more active at night and they are seed-eaters.

paragraphs: Most myomorph species belong to superfamily Muroidea:


title: Eumuroida

paragraphs: Eumuroida are a group of all muroid rodents, or the true muroids. It was made in 2004. The group is not in the standard taxonomic classification, but it is between superfamily and family. The Eumuroida is the clade including all organisms which evolved from the most recent ancestor of the Calomyscidae, Nesomyidae, Cricetidae, and Muridae.


title: Mouse-like hamsters

paragraphs: Mouse-like hamsters are a group of small rodents found in Syria, Azerbaijan, Iran, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. They are found in rocky and slightly high areas in desert regions.

paragraphs: The mouse-like hamsters are not real hamsters, although they look like hamsters. They were once thought to be hamsters based on the shape of their teeth, but they do not have the cheek pouches, and short tail of the true hamsters. All animals in this genus were part of the same species before, "Calomyscus bailwardi", but they are now separate species because they have big differences in chromosome number, skull length and weight, and other differences.

paragraphs: In Europe, species of "Calomyscus" can be kept as a pet. They are called "Calomyscus bailwardi mystax" or "Calomyscus bailwardi". Only special people sell them, not pet shops, so they are usually only people who really like mice will buy them.

paragraphs: Mouse-like hamsters live the longest of all the mouse species. They have been recorded as living 9 years, 3 months and 18 days in captivity. They regularly live over 4 years in captivity. The species which lives the second longest in the muroids lives 7 years, 8 months, which is the Canyon Mouse, "Peromyscus crinitus".


title: Nesomyidae

paragraphs: Nesomyidae is a family of African rodents in the large and complicated superfamily Muroidea. It includes many subfamilies, which all live in Africa. Malagasy rats and mice, climbing mice, African rock mice, swamp mice, pouched rats, and the white-tailed rat are in this family.

paragraphs: Nesomyids are small to medium rodents, and the largest is the size of a rat. They may look like mice, rats, voles, or hamsters, depending on the species and subfamily. They can either eat plant and meat totally, or insects totally. Their habits are also different, with some species climbing trees, and others digging holes in the ground to hide. They can give birth to the most four babies after being in the mother's womb for about six weeks.

paragraphs: Many of these animals were once thought to be related to other groups of muroid rodents, but this African-based group has been confirmed to be different from the other muroids based on genetic studies. Still, all members of the Nesomyidae are placed in the family Muridae along with all other members of the Muroidea.

paragraphs: The Nesomyids are classified in 5 subfamilies, 22 genera and 55 species.


title: Manisa

paragraphs: Manisa is a large city in western Turkey in Asia Minor.


title: Eskişehir

paragraphs: Eskişehir ("eskē'shehēr", , "Old City") is a city that can be found in the northwestern part of Turkey. It is the capital district of Eskişehir Province.


title: Cricetidae

paragraphs: The Cricetidae are a family of rodents in the large and complicated superfamily Muroidea. It includes true hamsters, voles, lemmings, and New World rats and mice. With almost 600 species, it is the second largest family of mammals, and has animals in it in the New World, Asia, and Europe.

paragraphs: The cricetids are small mammals, ranging from just 5 to 8 cm and 7 grams in weight in the New World Pygmy Mouse, up to 41 to 62 cm and 1,100 grams in the Muskrat. How long the tail is depends on how big the body is, and the tails can be either with hair or a little hair. Most species have brown fur, with a white colored underbelly, but there are also many other patterns, especially in the cricetine and arvicoline subfamilies.

paragraphs: Like the Old World Mice, cricetids live in a wide range of habitats, in the high Arctic to tropical rainforests and hot deserts. Some are good at climbing, with long balancing tails and other way to help them to climb, while others can swim, with webbed feet and small external ears. Yet others are burrowing animals, or ground-dwellers, which live in the ground.

paragraphs: Their diet is also variable, with herbivorous, omnivorous, and insectivorous species known. They all have large, biting and chewing, incisors separated from grinding molar teeth by a gap, or diastema.

paragraphs: There can be a lot of these animals in a very short time, because the mother gives birth to them after 15 to 50 days, and they have a lot of babies at one time. The young are usually born blind, hairless, and helpless.

paragraphs: The cricetids are thus classified to contain one prehistoric and 5 living subfamilies, around 112 living genera and approximately 580 living species:


title: Gaziantep

paragraphs: Gaziantep, is a city in the southeast of Turkey. It has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate ("Csa" in the Koeppen climate classification). Gaziantep is well known for its dessert Baklava. Gaziantep is the sixth biggest city in Turkey.

paragraphs: Gazantiep has had terrorist attacks in 2012, May 2016 and August 2016.


title: Baklava

paragraphs: Baklava is a traditional Ottoman Turkish sweet pastry often eaten as a dessert. It is known in many countries of the Middle East and Western Asia. Greek and Turkish cuisine both developed from the cookery of the Byzantine Empire. It originated in the Topkapı Palace modern day istanbul, Turkey.

paragraphs: Baklava is made of thin pastry layers filled with nuts, pistachios or walnuts. It sweetened with special syrup or honey. Baklava can also be served with ice cream or kaymak (clotted cream).

paragraphs: Its name derives from the name of Balkans region. Women make baklava for serving in Eid ul-Fitr and Eid al-Adha.


title: Radikal

paragraphs: Radikal was a nationwide newspaper in Turkey. Radikal was a center-left newspaper. It shares social liberal ideas.

paragraphs: On Sundays it gave an extra called Radikal2.


title: ÖSS

paragraphs: ÖSS Turkish Öğrenci Seçme Sınavı is the exam for entering universities in Turkey. Every year in June, the ÖSS exam is done. OSS is a test exam which has many questions from different subjects such as Maths, Geography, and History.


title: Ahmet Necdet Sezer

paragraphs: Ahmet Necdet Sezer (born September 13, 1941 in Afyonkarahisar) is a Turkish politician who was the tenth President of Turkey. He was president from May 16, 2000 until August 28, 2007. He was a republican and supporter of secularism in Turkey.


title: Kamer Genç

paragraphs: Kamer Genç (February 23, 1940 – January 22, 2016) was a Turkish politician. He is of Zaza origin. He was a member of parliament as a member of the Republican People's Party in the 18th, 19th, and 23rd election cycles, and in the 20th and 21st as a member of the True Path Party. He was born in Nazımiye, Tunceli Province.

paragraphs: Genç died of cancer in Istanbul, Turkey on January 22, 2016 at the age of 75.


title: Emine Erdoğan

paragraphs: Emine Erdoğan, born as "Emine Gülbaran", (born February 16, 1955 in Üsküdar, Istanbul) is the First Lady of Turkey and the wife of current Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. They were married on July, 4 1978. She is of Arab descent.

paragraphs: Her family is originally from Siirt in southeast Turkey. She went to Istanbul Mithatpaşa Vocational Institute for Girls.


title: Kenan Evren

paragraphs: Ahmet Kenan Evren (17 July 1917 – 9 May 2015), was a Turkish politician who served as the 7th President of Turkey. He was a former Turkish general and the leader of the coup d'état on 12 September 1980.

paragraphs: On 18 June 2014, Evren and General Tahsin Şahinkaya were given life sentences because of their roles in the 1980 coup. Evren and Şahinkaya had both of their military ranks stripped and both were demoted to rank of Private.

paragraphs: Evren died at a military hospital in Ankara of gastrointestinal hemorrhage on 9 May 2015, aged 97.


title: Show TV

paragraphs: Show TV is a national television channel in Turkey. The channel launched on March 1, 1991. Turkish news presenter Ali Kırca is the one of the important people on Show TV.


title: Cumhuriyet

paragraphs: Cumhuriyet (English: "The Republic") is a Turkish nationwide daily newspaper based in Istanbul. It was founded on May 7, 1924 by Yunus Nadi Abalıoğlu.

paragraphs: Cumhuriyet newspaper includes columnists that are generally considered to share social democratic, secularist and republican ideas with its readers. Cumhuriyet is sold about 60,000 everyday.

paragraphs: İlhan Selçuk, the editor of Cumhuriyet arrested by police after the conservative-Islamic government party AKP has wanted to closed.


title: Uludag University

paragraphs: Uludag University is a Turkish university. It is in Turkey's fourth largest city, Bursa. Before 1980 its name was Bursa University, but in 1980 the name changed to Uludag University. Uludag is the name of the highest mountain in Bursa. Uludag University is a public university. The university has a big campus in Görükle village outside of the city.


title: Osmangazi University

paragraphs: Osmangazi University is a university in Eskişehir, Turkey.


title: ERASMUS programme

paragraphs: The Erasmus Programme is a European Union project to help students and university teachers move among EU countries and Turkey, Norway and Switzerland. Its name stands for ""European Community Action Scheme for the Mobility of University Students"". The name is also in honor of the humanist Desiderius Erasmus.


title: National Gallery of Art

paragraphs: The National Gallery of Art is an art museum on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. The museum was built in 1938 by the United States Congress. Andrew W. Mellon gave money and art to help the museum. Many lovers of art have given the National Gallery their art collections, like Lessing J. Rosenwald, Samuel H. Kress, and Joseph E. Widener. This has made the National Gallery one of the best art museums for Western art painting and sculpture in the world.


title: 1999 İzmit earthquake

paragraphs: The 1999 İzmit earthquake was an approximately 7.4 magnitude earthquake that struck northwestern Turkey on August 17, 1999. It happened at around 3:02am local time. The event lasted for 37 seconds, killing 15,135 people and leaving approximately half a million people homeless.

paragraphs: After the quake international support came to the area including former United States President Bill Clinton who visited the people who had been affected from the quake in Adapazarı. The quake also caused damage in Istanbul.


title: Andrew W. Mellon

paragraphs: Andrew William Mellon (March 24, 1855 – August 27, 1937) was an American banker who also owned many industrial businesses. He was the Secretary of the Treasury from March 4, 1921 until February 12, 1932.

paragraphs: Mellon was a lover of art, and had a large collection which he gave to the National Gallery of Art. Mellon was also a philanthropist - someone who gives to charity in order to make the world a better place.


title: Taksim Square

paragraphs: Taksim Square is an area in Beyoğlu, Istanbul, Turkey. Sometimes it is called the heart of Istanbul. On 1 May 1977 at a Labour Day celebration, there were more than 500,000 people in the square.

paragraphs: Taksim Square has a Republican Monument which was built in 1928.


title: Street market

paragraphs: A street market is an open-air market. Generally in an open-air market clothing, fruits and vegetables are sold. In Greece and Turkey, as well as in the Netherlands, street markets stands in several days weekly.


title: Reflecting pool

paragraphs: A reflecting pool or reflection pool is a pool of water that is in many memorials. It is usually shallow and calm, so that a visitor can see a reflection of the memorial in the water. Visitors are also supposed to think about what the memorial means while looking at the pool. This is also called reflecting.

paragraphs: The most famous reflecting pool is the one leading up to the Taj Mahal in Agra, India. Other famous reflecting pools are the Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool and the pool in front of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C., U.S.A.


title: Bozcaada

paragraphs: Bozcaada is an island in Aegean Sea. It is the third largest island of Turkey. Bozcaada is also a district of Çanakkale Provience. Bozcaada has 2,500 inhabitants. The main economical activities are tourism and fishing. The island is well known for its grapes and wines.


title: Heybeliada

paragraphs: Heybeliada is an island in Sea of Marmara in Turkey. It is officially a part of Adalar district of Istanbul. Heybeliada has an old Orthodox Christian Theology School, started in 1844. However this school was closed because of Turkish laws on secularism in 1971. These laws on the separation of church and state have also closed all Muslim Theology schools. Turkey and the Eurpean Union are looking at ways to reopen this school again. However to do this, the government must prepare a new laws that do not conflict with secularism.


title: Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool

paragraphs: The Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool is the biggest reflecting pool in Washington, D.C. It is right next to the Lincoln Memorial. The reflecting pool is long and can be seen in many photographs of the Washington Monument. There are paths and trees on both sides, and many people exercise around it. It reflects both the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial, which means that you can see both if you look into the water.

paragraphs: It is on the west side of the National Mall, and is about 2,029 feet (618 m) long and 167 feet (51 m) wide. It is about 18 inches (46 cm) deep on the sides and 30 inches (76 cm) deep in the middle. It holds approximately 6,750,000 U.S. gallons (25,500,000 L) of water.

paragraphs: Because the reflecting pool is right in front of the Lincoln Memorial, many famous events have happened there.

paragraphs: In 1939, singer Marian Anderson was not allowed to sing in the Constitution Hall in Washington, because of her race. Instead, she sang on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial on Easter Sunday. Over 75,000 people went to the Reflecting Pool area to listen to her. President Franklin D. Roosevelt and his wife, Eleanor Roosevelt, helped make her concert at the Lincoln Memorial possible.

paragraphs: In 1963, the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom held a large Civil Rights rally around the reflecting pool. This was where Martin Luther King gave his "I Have a Dream" speech to a quarter million people standing around and in the Reflecting Pool.


title: Gebze

paragraphs: Gebze is an industrial town in the provience Kocaeli, Turkey. It is the largest industrial area of Kocaeli. There is a project to build the İzmit Bay Bridge to connect Yalova and Gebze.


title: Alanya

paragraphs: Alanya is a seaside resort in the south of Turkey and also a district of Antalya. Alanya has 300,000 permanent inhabitants. In summer, lots of tourists come to town for beach and sun. In summer, the population rises suddenly. Alanya has 10,000 European inhabitants and the number of European inhabitants rises year to year.


title: Sezen Aksu

paragraphs: Sezen Aksu (born 1954) is a Turkish pop singer, songwriter and producer. She is popular in Turkey and outside of the country. She has sold over 40 million albums. She is called Queen of the Turkish pop.

paragraphs: She supports other singers with working together or writing songs for them. She has worked with Turkish singer Tarkan.


title: Imrali

paragraphs: Imrali is an island in the Marmara Sea in Turkey. There is only a jail in the island and no other buildings. Abdullah Öcalan is imprisoned there since 1999. Adnan Menderes the former prime minister of Turkey was executed there in 1961.


title: The Backyardigans

paragraphs: The Backyardigans is a Canadian-American animated musical TV series created by Janice Burgess aired on Nickelodeon from October 11, 2004 to July 12, 2013 in the United States.


title: Hatirla Sevgili

paragraphs: Hatirla Sevgili is a Turkish television series. It aired from October 27, 2006 to June 6, 2008. "Hatirla Sevgili" broadcast on the television channel ATV.

paragraphs: It tells the story of the love between Yasemin and Ahmet, two young people from opposing families. It also tells the relationship between their relatives and friends in the political era starting at the end of the 1950s in Turkey. Real historical events are shown, beginning with Prime Minister Adnan Menderes' 1959 plane crash survival. This is followed by the 1960 military coup, the trial on Yassıada and the executions. These important events divided Turkish society afterwards.

paragraphs: Hatırla Sevgili became one of the most popular and most controversial TV series in Turkey. Some people did not like it because of the superficial coverage of some historical events. Books about the historical periods portrayed and people mentioned in the series became bestsellers for at least two weeks after the episodes about them were aired.


title: ATV Turkey

paragraphs: ATV is a Turkish television channel that broadcasts nationwide. It was founded in 1993. Avrupa Yakası is one of the popular sitcoms broadcast on ATV.


ATV


title: Bodrum

paragraphs: Bodrum is a tourist resort in Turkey. It is in western Turkey along the Aegean Sea. Thousands of tourists come every year for sun and beach tourism. It has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate ("Csa" in the Koeppen climate classification).

paragraphs: Famous singer Zeki Müren died in Bodrum. Herodotus, an Ancient Greek Historian, lived in Bodrum. Turgut Reis was a Bodrumer who was an Ottoman admiral.

paragraphs: "Bodream", Jean-Pierre Thiollet, Anagramme Ed., 2010, ()


title: Phenomenology

paragraphs: Phenomenology is a way of thinking about ourselves. Instead of asking about what we "really" are, it focuses on "phenomena". These are experiences that we get from the senses - what we see, taste, smell, touch, hear, and feel. Phenomenology does not ask if what we are seeing is "actually" there: for example it is not where we see an object (whether in real life, a dream or a hallucination) that is important, but it is the significance of the object that is important to the phenomenologist. It also does not ask if we are missing something, or if we have all the facts. Instead, phenomenologists (those who do phenomenology) believe we should look at the world just as it appears to us.

paragraphs: Martin Heidegger, a famous phenomenologist, said that philosophers should be looking at how we live in our "average everydayness." In his book Being and Time, he uses many examples of how people live in their normal lives. Jean-Paul Sartre did the same in his book Being and Nothingness. For example, he writes about meeting a friend at a cafe. However, the friend, named Pierre, never shows up. Sartre writes that he can feel the absence of Pierre in the cafe. Because of this, he says that non-Pierre (or the lack of Pierre) is something that exists, at least for him. It exists because he can feel it.


title: Dalaman

paragraphs: Dalaman is a town in southwestern Turkey. It is a district of Mugla Province. Dalaman has an international airport, Dalaman International Airport, which serves a gateway to tourists who are coming Mugla and the surrounding area.


title: Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge

paragraphs: Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge (also known as Second Bosphorus Bridge) is a bridge between Asia and Europe in Istanbul, Turkey. The bridge carries 8 lanes of E80 (European Route) that spans across the Bosporus strait. It is 1,510 m long.


title: Marmaray

paragraphs: Marmaray is a transport project in the city of Istanbul in Turkey. It connects the European and Asian sides of the city by an railway tunnel under the Bosphorus.


title: Atatürk International Airport

paragraphs: Atatürk International Airport (formerly Yesilkoy International Airport) is the major international airport in Turkey. It is in the European part of Istanbul. In 2010, about 32 million passengers used Atatürk Airport. It was the 8th busiest airport in Europe in 2010.

paragraphs: The airport has three terminals – Terminal 1 for international passengers, 2 for domestic passengers, and 3 for cargo.

paragraphs: Atatürk Airport has three runways - runways 3000x45m (17L/35R & 17R/35L) and runway 2600x60m (05/23).

paragraphs: To get to the city center from Istanbul Atatürk Airport (IST), there is a light rail service, airport shuttle service, municipal buses, taxi, or hire cars.


title: Marmara University

paragraphs: Marmara University is a high-educational institution in the Asian part of Istanbul.


title: Kemal Sunal

paragraphs: Kemal Sunal (1944–2000) was a Turkish actor. He played Şaban, a character, in several movies. Generally his characters comes from middle-working class so the audience can understand how the working class lived when the movie was made. He died in 2000 of a heart attack on a plane in Turkey. He has a daughter named Ezo Sunal and a son named Ali Sunal who is an actor too.


title: Adile Naşit

paragraphs: Adile Naşit (June 17, 1930 – December 11, 1987) was a Turkish movie actress. She played in many Turkish movies. Her nickname was Hafize Ana (meaning Hafize name, Ana mother) and was a character she played in movies.