title: Goliath frog

paragraphs: The goliath frog or giant slippery frog ("Conraua goliath") is the biggest type of frog on Earth. It can grow to 32 cm (12.6 in) long and weigh up to 3.25 kg (7.17 lb). Its natural habitat is western Africa.

paragraphs: In 2019, scientists learned that the frog does something unusual: It digs pools to lay eggs in. The scientists think it is the male frog who digs the pool. Because not all the tadpoles in each pool were the same size, the scientists came to think that frogs lay eggs in the same pool more than once. The frogs move sand, pieces of plants, and stones almost as big as they are. They use the stones and plants to build higher walls for the pool. Scientists saw adult frogs staying near the pools at night to scare away bigger animals that wanted to eat the tadpoles. Scientists think this might be why the goliath frog is so big: Bigger frogs can move bigger rocks, build bigger pools and scare away bigger predators.


title: Boomerang (Central and Eastern Europe)

paragraphs: Boomerang Central and Eastern Europe is a television channel, which broadcasts cartoons, from the Hanna-Barbera and Warner Bros. Animation library. This is the variant of the channel that is being broadcast in countries part of Central and Eastern Europe, such as Romania, Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Ukraine, the Adria nations, Russia and CIS countries. Since November 2014, it has been broadcasting on all providers in the Netherlands and the Flanders region of Belgium. In the Netherlands and Flanders, it is offered with a Dutch soundtrack as well.

paragraphs: The two feeds was launched in December 2005.

paragraphs: On October 12, 2011, the Boomerang (Central and Eastern Europe) was launched and is available in 4 audio versions: Romanian, Hungarian, Polish and English.

paragraphs: On 12 June 2012, it was launched in Russia. On 30 January 2015, it is available in Bulgaria and in Baltic countries and in Balkans.

paragraphs: On 30 September 2015, Boomerang was launched on Freesat in Czech Republic.

paragraphs: All Boomerang programming is available in English with soundtracks in Hungarian, Polish, Ukrainian, Romanian, Dutch and Russian.

paragraphs: Cartoonito was a programming block targeting preschoolers. It aired weekday mornings and early afternoons before the Cartoonito branding was phased out entirely in 2014, when Cartoonito merged with Boomerang's schedule. Shows that aired on the block were:


title: Artturi Ilmari Virtanen

paragraphs: Artturi Ilmari Virtanen (January 15, 1895 – November 11, 1973) was a Finnish biochemist. He received the 1945 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry, especially for his fodder preservation method".

paragraphs: He was born in Helsinki, Russian Empire (now Finland) and died in Helsinki.


title: Spider-tailed horned viper

paragraphs: A spider-tailed horned viper ("Pseudocerastes urarachnoides") is a species of viper. It is found in western Iran. It was discovered in 2006. Its head is like other species of "Pseudocerastes," but its tail is not. The spider-tailed horned viper has a spider shaped tail which it uses it to attract its prey.


title: Polo Hofer

paragraphs: Urs Alfred "Polo" Hofer (16 March 1945 – 22 July 2017) was a Swiss musician. He was known for his work in the field of Swiss German pop and rock music. He was born in Interlaken, Switzerland.

paragraphs: Hofer composed and sang in Bernese German, and was one of the most popular protagonists of Swiss-German rock and pop music, so-called "Mundartrock". Co-founding the then popular Swiss rock groups "Rumpelstilz" and "Schmetterband", Hofer published 18 music albums and composed about 350 songs.

paragraphs: Hofer died on 22 July 2017 at the age of 72.


title: Dieter Kurrat

paragraphs: Dieter "Hoppi" Kurrat (15 May 1942 – 27 October 2017) was a German football player and coach. He was born in Dortmund, Germany. His brother was Hans-Jürgen Kurrat.


title: Siat

paragraphs: Siat is a former municipality of the district of Surselva in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.

paragraphs: On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Siat, Castrisch, Ilanz, Ladir, Luven, Pitasch, Riein, Ruschein, Schnaus, Sevgein, Duvin, Pigniu and Rueun merged into the new municipality of Ilanz/Glion.


title: Gert and Hermien

paragraphs: Gert and Hermien (Dutch: "Gert en Hermien") were a musical duo from the Province of Overijssel in the Netherlands, consisting of Gert Timmerman (died 2017) and his wife Hermien Timmerman-van der Weide (died 2003).

paragraphs: They were singing from the 1960s to the early 1990s.

paragraphs: Their most well-known song was "Shalalie shalala".

paragraphs: After their conversion to Christianity in 1974, they only did religious singing for several years.


title: Sabu M Jacob

paragraphs: Sabu M Jacob is an Indian business magnate. He is the chief Coordinator of Twenty-20 the charity outfit floated by Anna-Kitex Group.

paragraphs: Sabu M Jacob was born to M.C. Jacob, founder chairman of the Anna Kitex group and one of Kerala's pioneering industrialists. After his schooling he got graduation in Economics. He has been Managing Director of Kitex Garments Ltd since August 16, 2006 and has been its Chief Financial Officer since January 25, 2016.

paragraphs: Inspired by his father’s entrepreneurial success, Sabu M Jacob decided to establish a garment unit of his own in 1992. This 100 percent export oriented business began its operations from Kizhakkambalamin in 1995, and has today, emerged as the world’s third largest infant wear manufacturing company. The company is listed as one of the best Asian companies by Forbes.

paragraphs: In 2013 Twenty-20 was founded to implement Corporate Social Responsibility initiatives of the company in Kizhakkambalam, the eastern suburb of Kochi. The long-term objective of Twenty-20 is to make Kizhakkambalam a model village by the year 2020 – a model of sustainable development, replicable anywhere in India and the world. In November 2015 Twenty-20 managed to win local body elections with 69 percent vote share.

paragraphs: Development initiatives were carried out by Twenty-20 through Housing Projects, Drinking Water Projects, Health, Agriculture, Education, Employment Opportunities, Green initiative, Anti-Corruption, Infrastructure, school upgrades and kindergartens, supplementary diet, Anti Alcohol Movement environmental protection activities and women empowerment programs.

paragraphs: Kitex MD, Sabu M. Jacob featured among the finalists for EY Entrepreneur of the Year 2015


title: Vincent de Paul

paragraphs: St. Vincent de Paul (24 April 1581 – 27 September 1660) was a French Roman Catholic priest who dedicated himself to serving the poor. He is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church and the Anglican Communion. He was canonized in 1737. He was renowned for his compassion, humility and generosity and is known as the "Great Apostle of Trumpets."


title: A. R. Rahman

paragraphs: Allah-Rakha Rahman is an Indian composer, singer, songwriter, music composer and philanthropist. A. R. Rahman's works are famous for combining Indian classical music with electronic music, world music and traditional orchestral arrangements.

paragraphs: Rahman was born in Madras, India. His father, R. K. Shekhar, was a movie composer for Tamil and Malayalam movies. Rahman assisted his father in the studio, playing the keyboard.

paragraphs: Rahman began his early musical training under Master Dhanraj, and at age 11 began playing in the orchestra of Malayalam composer (and close friend of his father) M. K. Arjunan. He soon began working with other composers, such as M. S. Viswanathan, Ilaiyaraaja, Ramesh Naidu and Raj-Koti. He had assisted Zakir Hussain, Kunnakudi Vaidyanathan and L. Shankar on world tours. He also obtained a scholarship from London Trinity College of Music.

paragraphs: Studying in Madras, Rahman completed his studies with a diploma in Western classical music from the school. His mother was a practicing Hindu. He converted to Islam with other members of his family in 1989 at age 23, changing his name from R. S. Dileep Kumar to Allah Rakha Rahman (A. R. Rahman).

paragraphs: In 1992, he was approached by director Mani Ratnam to compose the score and soundtrack for his Tamil movie, Roja.Rahman received the Rajat Kamal (Silver Lotus) award for best music director at the National Film Awards for Roja. The movie's music was critically and commercially successful in its original and dubbed versions, led by the innovative theme "Chinna Chinna Aasai".A. R. Rahman won the National Film Award for Best Music Direction, the first time ever by a debutant. Rahman also earned Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Music Director and Filmfare Best Music Director Award (Tamil) for his work.

paragraphs: Apart from successful soundtracks, he has also received notability for his background music and is considered one of the finest background music composers in India. Almost every Music compositions of A.R.Rahman were famous throughout Tamil cinema and other language movies.


title: Queue (abstract data type)

paragraphs: In Computer science, a queue is a data structure, used for storing items, before they are processed. Generally, the following operations exist:

paragraphs: Items that are between the first and the lat element of the queue are not directly accessible.

paragraphs: There is a specialization, called priority queue: In a priority queue, each item also has a weight, which determine the position of the item in a queue.


title: Flag Day (United Arab Emirates)

paragraphs: Flag day in United Arab Emirates(UAE) is a national occasion which is celebrated every year at November 3rd. Flag Day. It is celebrated to remember Sheikh Zayed and Anderson Quintana, and their brothers.


title: Deva (composer)

paragraphs: Devanesan Chokkalingam, also known as Deva, is an Indian movie composer and singer. He has composed songs and provided background music for Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam and Kannada movies in a career spanning about 20 years. Many know his gaana songs, written mostly using Madras Tamil. He is known as the "Father of Gaana Genre" in the Tamil movie industry.

paragraphs: Deva has composed music for many movies within a very short period. His first movie as a movie music director is the movie "Manasukkeththa Maharasa" in 1989. In these years he has composed music for more than 400 movies.

paragraphs: Deva was born to M. C. Chokkalingam and M. C. Krishnaveni in the year 1950, November 20th. Even in his childhood, Deva was attracted to the world of music. Teaming up with Chandra Bose, he did many musical programmes in stage. He started learning classical music under Dhanraj. Later he completed a course in Western music at Trinity College of Music in London. His son Srikanth Deva is also a music director. Deva's brothers are also music directors, formed the duo Sabesh-Murali. His nephew Jai is an actor.

paragraphs: Before coming to Tamil cinema, Deva worked in the television field. In those days Deva's brothers were working in the musical group of Ilaiyaraja and other music directors as musicians playing instruments. His first movie, "Manasukketha Maharasa", was released in 1989. He was then called to work on the movie "Vaigasi Poranthachu". After the release of "Vaigasi Poranthachu", his name became known throughout the Tamil community.

paragraphs: So far he has composed music for more than 400 movies, which include Tamil, Telugu and Malayalam movies. He is also famous for his compositions for religious movies. He was widely renowned for his music for Rajinikanth acted "Basha movie".

paragraphs: In 2014, Anirudh Ravichander chose Deva to sing a gaana song in his album "Maan Karate" and labelled Deva as the "father of the Gaana genre".

paragraphs: Veteran music director M. S. Viswanathan awarded the title Thenisai Thendral upon Deva, for his contributions to Tamil cinema.


title: Gangai Amaran

paragraphs: Gangai Amaran is a music director, singer, lyricist, script writer, movie director and actor in Tamil movies.

paragraphs: Amaran was born in Pannaipuram in Theni district, Tamil Nadu in December 1947, as the youngest son of Ramaswamy and Chinnathayi. He is the younger brother of world famous Tamil music director Ilaiyaraaja. He was also the father of Venkat Prabhu (director and actor) and Premji Amaren(actor, composer and singer).


title: Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark

paragraphs: Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark (2 February 1882 – 3 December 1944) was a Greek and Danish prince of the House of Glucksburg. He is the son of George I of Greece. He is the grandson of Christian IX of Denmark. He is the father of HRH Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh and father in law of Queen Elizabeth II. He is the grandfather of Charles, Prince of Wales. Great grandfather of Prince William, Duke of Cambridge and great great grandfather of Prince George of Cambridge.

paragraphs: He married Princess Alice of Battenberg and has four daughters and a son. He is an ancestor of the present Mountbatten-Windsor line.


title: Szlachcic

paragraphs: A Szlachcic is Polish. It means someone is a member of Polish Nobility.


title: Audi Q7

paragraphs: The Audi Q7 is an SUV made by Audi since 2005. It is an all wheel drive vehicle which can carry seven passengers.


title: Eugène Parlier

paragraphs: Eugène Parlier (13 February 1929 – 30 October 2017) was a Swiss football goalkeeper who played for Switzerland in the 1954 FIFA World Cup. He was born in Montreux, Switzerland. He also played for Neuchâtel Xamax, Servette FC, Urania Genève Sport, FC Biel-Bienne, FC Lausanne-Sport, and Étoile Carouge FC.

paragraphs: Parlier died on 30 October 2017 at the age of 88.


title: Poschiavo

paragraphs: Poschiavo (, , , ) is a municipality of the district Bernina in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. As of December 2015, 3513 people lived there.

paragraphs: Poschiavo has its own lake, called Lago di Poschiavo, which is located to the south of the village.


title: Knights Hospitaller

paragraphs: The Knights Hospitaller were a group of military knights fighting in Jerusalem. They are the group that became the Knights of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem and, eventually, St. John Ambulance.

paragraphs: The Hospitallers are a Catholic military order founded at Jerusalem in the 11th century. They later became the Sovereign Military Order of Malta. Today their headquarters are in Rome. The order continues its humanitarian tasks in most parts of the modern world under several slightly different names.

paragraphs: Malta was ruled by the Order of Saint John as a vassal state of the Kingdom of Sicily from 1530 to 1798. The islands of Malta and Gozo, as well as the city of Tripoli in modern Libya, were given to the Order by Spanish Emperor Charles V in 1530. following the loss of Rhodes. The Ottoman Empire managed to capture Tripoli from the Order in 1551, but an attempt to take Malta in 1565 failed.

paragraphs: In 1565 Suleiman sent an invasion force of about 40,000 men to besiege the 700 knights and 8,000 soldiers. He wanted to get the island as a base. From there he might launch another assault on Europe. A long struggle ended with the Knights undefeated. This is known as the Great Siege of Malta. Resisting the Ottoman Empire was their great achievement.


title: Ahmed Boukouss

paragraphs: Ahmed Boukous (Amazigh: ⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⴱⵓⴽⵓⵙ, Ḥmad bukus; born October, 15, 1946) is a Moroccan Amazighist, linguist and sociologist. He is now the president of the Royal Institute of the Amazigh Culture.


title: Deaths in November 2017

paragraphs: The following is a list of notable deaths in November 2017. For notable deaths before the current month, please see "Previous months". Names under each date are reported in alphabetical order by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are reported here also if notable.


title: 2017 Lower Manhattan attack

paragraphs: On October 31, 2017, a man drove a pickup truck into cyclists and pedestrians along of a bike path alongside West Street, near Chambers Street in Lower Manhattan, New York City.

paragraphs: The vehicle-ramming attack killed eight people, including five Argentines and one Belgian tourist, and injured eleven others. After leaving the truck, the driver appeared to be wielding two guns and was later shot in the abdomen by police, and then arrested. An ISIS flag and a document that read "Islamic State will endure forever" in Arabic were found in the truck.

paragraphs: The Federal Bureau of Investigation charged 29-year-old Sayfullo Habibullaevich Saipov, who had immigrated to the United States from Uzbekistan on a Diversity Immigrant Visa, with destruction of a motor vehicle and supporting a terrorist organization.


title: Milo Yiannopoulos

paragraphs: Milo Yiannopoulos is a British writer. He often criticizes feminism and Islam. He studied at the University of Manchester and Wolfson College. He has worked for The Telegraph. He covered the gamergate controversy. In 2016 he was criticized for saying that sex between adults and children can sometimes be consensual.


title: S. A. Chandrasekhar

paragraphs: S. A. Chandrasekhar is an Indian movie director, producer and writer who mostly works in Tamil movies. Chandrasekhar made his debut as a director with "Sattam Oru Iruttarai" (1981) and went on to direct movie with social based or society based themes.

paragraphs: S. A. Chandrasekhar is from Thangachimadam, Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu. He is married to Shoba, a carnatic singer. He is the father of famous Tamil actor Vijay. His son made his debut movie in "Naalaiya Theerpu" which was directed by him. His brother-in-law S. N. Surendar is an playback singer and voice artist.

paragraphs: Chandrasekar has directed over 70 movies in Tamil, Telugu, Kannada and Hindi. Some of his hits include "Vetri", "Naan Sigappu Manithan", and "Mutham". He also directed some Telugu movies such as "Chattaniki Kallu Levu" with actor Chiranjeevi. Most of his movies are with Vijayakanth. He has appeared in supporting roles in some movies like "Naan Sivappu Manithan".


title: K. Balachander filmography

paragraphs: K. Balachander has written, directed nearly 80 movies. He has worked in more than 100 movies either as director or writer in many languages. Those languages are Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Hindi and Kannada.


title: Buddhist texts

paragraphs: The Dhyāna sutras (Chan-jing) are a group of early Buddhist meditation texts which contain meditation teachings from the Sarvastivada school along with some early proto-Mahayana meditations. They were mostly the work of Buddhist Yoga teachers from Kashmir and were influential in Chinese Buddhism.


title: Grand Traverse County, Michigan

paragraphs: Grand Traverse County is a county in Michigan. It's county seat is Traverse City. It is a very popular tourist destination during the summer.


title: Password policy

paragraphs: A password policy is a set of rules to enforce strong passwords.


title: Shivalinga (2017 movie)

paragraphs: Sivalinga is Tamil mystery horror comedy movie directed by P. Vasu with Raghava Lawrence and Ritika Singh in the leading roles. This movie is a remake of Vasu's earlier 2016 Kannada movie of the same name. The project in Tamil, began production in July 2016.

paragraphs: The story revolves around a ghost who when alive was murdered and the case moves to the CID. The CID who deals the case is Shivalingeshwaran. The ghost captures the body of Sathya who is the wife of Shivalingesh and makes her move in a misbehaving way. Later the ghost asks Shiva to help him get revenge of the murderers.

paragraphs: This movie became a commercial success in both Tamil and Telugu.


title: Maroon (people)

paragraphs: Maroon are Africans who escaped from the slavery in the Americas and who mixed with the native Americans.


title: Raghava Lawrence

paragraphs: K. Raghava Lawrence is an Indian choreographer, an actor, director, composer and playback singer. He made his debut as a choreographer in 1993. He began his career as an actor in 1998, in a Telugu film. Most of his Telugu films were dubbed by artists. He became famous in Telugu cinema through the film Style. In Tamil, he became famous through the Muni film series.

paragraphs: Lawrence is also known for his complicated hip-hop and westernised dance moves. He has won four Filmfare Awards and three Nandi Awards for best choreography. He is also known for his social services and the temple he built for his living mother Kanmani. He was born In Andhra Pradeah

paragraphs: As having so much care and affection towards mother, Raghava built a deity statue for his mother. His mother's name is Kanmani who is still alive.


title: Sri Lankan Tamils

paragraphs: A person of the Tamil dialect, from the country of Sri Lanka.


title: Muni (movie)

paragraphs: Muni is a 2007 Tamil horror comedy film written and directed by Raghava Lawrence who also plays the lead role. Vedhicka, Rajkiran, Kovai Sarala and Rahul Dev played supporting roles in the film.The film released on 9 March 2007 along with a Telugu dubbed version of same name. This film gained average reviews and average box office collections. This movie is the 1000th movie of actor Vinu Chakravarthy..

paragraphs: The story revolves around Ganesh (Raghava Lawrence)who has fear of ghost and his family in a haunted house. Ganesh always fears to move out of the house after 6pm due to his fear. Unknowingly his father(Vinu Chakravarthy) buys a house where Muni, a person was murdered long ago. His ghost was also moving around the house. Muni enters Ganesh's body and Ganesh starts behaving in a rude manner, his family could not understand why his behavior is weird so they seek the help of a priest (Nassar). Priest asks the ghost about his own flashback. The ghost says that he is Muniyaandi (Rajkiran) and starts saying his flashback.

paragraphs: Muniyaandi was a kind-hearted poor man living in the slums with his daughter and other people. Muni's friend is Marakka Dhandapani MLA (Kadhal Dhandapani) uses him to win in elections. The MLA promises that he would give lands to the poor villagers. Dhandapani wins the election but he cheats Muni and the villagers. Muni fights with Dhandapaani but he kills both him and his daughter. Dhandapani lies to the villagers saying that Muni and his daughter had moved with the money he had given him for the welfare of the villagers.

paragraphs: Ganesh with ghost in him, enters Dhandapani's household and scare him and his assistants. Dhandapaani comes to know that the ghost of Muni is inside Ganesh's body so he gets a shaman (meaning:healer) (Rahul Dev) to save his life. Muni agrees to leave Dhandapani if he tells the true to the villagers and give them the money. He tells the true and gives the money. But Dhandapani was planning to get back all his money from the villagers. Ganesh upon hearing this kills Dhandapaani, but acts like as Muni's ghost killed him. The shaman knewing that Ganesh killed him and not the ghost, didn't tell the truth seeing the injustice made by Dhandapani.

paragraphs: The film earned (grossed) around Rs. 15 crore worldwide and became a commercial success.

paragraphs: Success of this film led to a horror comedy film series by Raghava Lawrence. He made two more films from this series named Muni2: Kanchana and Muni3: Kanchana 2. These became a present trendsetter in the Tamil cinema. These two film are also commercially successful and became mass hit films.


title: Microsoft 4Afrika

paragraphs: Microsoft 4Afrika is a market development engine in Africa started by Microsoft to create technology for the world by using talent of Africans. Microsoft 4Afrika invests in World-class skills, Access and Innovation. It was launched in February 2013. Microsoft launched 4Afrika Initiative in Rwanda on 3 April 2013.

paragraphs: This project of 75 million USD aims to increase internet accessibility via smart devices, educate the African web developers and promote new Africentric technologies. Since 2013, 4Afrika is investing on the entrepreneurs, youth, small businesses, governments and markets. Microsoft partnered with Kenya's Ministry of Information and Communication and Indigo Telecom to reach underserved communities via solar-powered base stations. University of the People has a partnership with Microsoft 4Afrika to offer scholarships to study towards an associate’s degree in University.  4Afrika helps developers create and monetise their applications, and gain experience working with senior software developers in a number of programmes. It provides internships for the youth and education youth. Microsoft 4Afrika with Wollo University and Tulane University – Center for Global Health Equity (CGHE) launched AppFactory Academy in Ethiopia for Wollo University IT graduates, and related computing discipline graduates.

paragraphs: Microsoft 4Afrika camps in the following African countries:

paragraphs: Microsoft 4Afrika signed partnership with Tony Elumelu Foundation to provide tools, resources and mentorship to entrepreneurs enrolled in entrepreneurship programme of foundation.


title: Ghulam Ali Wahdat

paragraphs: Ghulam Ali wahdat is an ethnic Hazara politician in Afghanistan. He was the governor of Bamyan Province from (October, 2013 to June, 2015).

paragraphs: Gholamali Vahdat, son of Nawazesh Ali, was born in the year 1962 in Bamyan Province, Afghanistan.


title: Angloposeidon

paragraphs: The Angloposeidon is a big sauropod dinosaur that lived in the early Cretaceous period. It mainly lived in present-day England. Its fossil back bone was found on the Isle of Wight.


title: Qasim Akhgar

paragraphs: Qasim Akhgar, was a Hazara writer, researcher, activism and theorists from Afghanistan.

paragraphs: Qasim Akhgar, was born in 1951 in Kabul, Afghanistan. He died after an illness in 2013 in Kabul, Afghanistan.


title: Fano

paragraphs: Fano is a city and "comune" of the province of Pesaro and Urbino in the Marche region, central Italy.

paragraphs: It is a beach resort southeast of Pesaro, along the Adriatic Sea. It is the third city in the region by population after Ancona and Pesaro.

paragraphs: Fano is on the coast of the Adriatic Sea. The "comune" of Fano has an area of and its altitude is above sea level.

paragraphs: Fano borders with the "comuni" Cartoceto, Mombaroccio, Mondolfo, Pesaro, San Costanzo and Terre Roveresche.

paragraphs: The following "frazioni" (hamlets) are part of Fanoː

paragraphs: There are 60,852 persons living in the "comune" in 2017, for a population density of inhabitants/km².

paragraphs: The people from this "comune" are known, in Italian, as "fanesi".


title: Francia

paragraphs: Francia was a kingdom founded in 481 AD. It may also be called the Kingdom of the Franks, Frankish Kingdom, or Frankish Empire. It was first a province of the Western Roman Empire founded by Clovis I. Before that it was a Germanic state. After the Treaty of Verdun in 843, West Francia became the predecessor of France, and East Francia became that of Germany.


title: Strange matter

paragraphs: Strange matter is a form of quark matter, matter that consist primarily of quarks. Strange matter is a 'liquid' made of up, down, and strange quarks, and is different to non-strange quark matter because non-strange quark matter contains only up and down quarks, while strange quark matter has strange quarks as well. Strange matter is thought to exist in the cores of neutron stars. Strange matter only exists at extremely high densities (like in cores of neutron stars). 'Charm matter', quark matter made of charm quarks could be possible, but only at much higher densities.


title: Vladimir Makanin

paragraphs: Vladimir Semyonovich Makanin (; 13 March 1937 – 1 November 2017) was a Russian writer. He was born in Orsk, Soviet Union. In 1963 he took a course in script-writing, and then worked in the publishing house "Sovietskiy Pisatel" ("The Soviet Writer"). Makanin's writing style may be categorized as realist. In 2012, he won the European Prize for Literature.

paragraphs: He was specialized in short stories and novels.

paragraphs: Makanin died on 1 November 2017 in Krasny, Russia at the age of 80.


title: Yisrael Rosen

paragraphs: Yisrael Rosen () (May 1941 – November 2, 2017) was an Orthodox Israeli rabbi. He founded the office for conversion to Judaism in the Chief Rabbinate of Israel and he was a judge there. He was born in Tel Aviv.

paragraphs: Rosen was the director of the Zomet Institute for the interface of Halakha and technology and also the editor-in-chief of the Zomet annual journal "Techumin". He edited a weekly newsletter "Shabbat B'Shabbato".

paragraphs: Rosen died on November 2, 2017 in Alon Shevut, a West Bank settlement, of pancreatic cancer at the age of 76.


title: María Martha Serra Lima

paragraphs: María Martha Serra Lima (December 19, 1944 – November 2, 2017) was an Argentine singer. She was born in Buenos Aires. Serra Lima was first signed on to a record label in 1977, and became famous across Latin America and in Spain during the 1970s and 1980s. Her albums became hits in Mexico, Puerto Rico, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela, and elsewhere in the region, apart from her home country.

paragraphs: Serra Lima died in Miami, Florida on November 2, 2017 at the age of 72.


title: Dina Wadia

paragraphs: Dina Wadia (15 August 1919 – 2 November 2017) was an Indian political figure. She was born in London. Her father was Muhammad Ali Jinnah. She was married to Neville Wadia from 1938 until they divorced in 1943.

paragraphs: Wadia died at her home in New York City of pneumonia on 2 November 2017 at the age of 98.


title: Richard E. Cavazos

paragraphs: Richard Edward Cavazos (January 31, 1929 – October 29, 2017), was a United States Army four-star general. He was a Korean War recipient of the Distinguished Service Cross as a first lieutenant. He advanced in rank to become the United States Army's first Hispanic four-star general.

paragraphs: During the Vietnam War, as a lieutenant colonel, Cavazos was awarded a second Distinguished Service Cross. In 1976, Cavazos became the first Mexican American to reach the rank of brigadier general in the U.S. Army.

paragraphs: Cavazos served for thirty-three years, with his final command as head of the U.S. Army Forces Command.

paragraphs: Cavazos died at the age of 88 in San Antonio, Texas on October 29, 2017 from complications of Alzheimer's disease.


title: Fred Beckey

paragraphs: Friedrich Wolfgang Beckey (14 January 1923 – 30 October 2017), known as Fred Beckey, was an American rock climber, mountaineer and author. He made hundreds of first ascents, more than any other North American climber. In 2003, his 563-page book on the history of the region, "Range of Glaciers", was published by the Oregon Historical Society Press. Between climbs, he wrote several books, most notably the "Cascade Alpine Guide".

paragraphs: Beckey was born in Düsseldorf, Germany. He studied at the University of Washington. Beckey died on 30 October 2017 in Seattle, Washington at the age of 94.


title: Daniel Viglietti

paragraphs: Daniel Alberto Viglietti Indart (24 July 1939 – 30 October 2017) was an Uruguayan folk singer, guitarist, composer, and political activist. He was one of the main singers of Uruguayan popular song and also of the "Nueva Canción" or "New Song" of the 1960s and early 1970s. Viglietti was imprisoned in 1972 by his own government. He was an activist against fascism in South America during the 1970s.


title: Abbas Zandi

paragraphs: Abbas Zandi (; 3 June 1930 – 30 October 2017) was an Iranian Freestyle Wrestler, national champion, and coach. He was born in Tehran. Zandi had competed in three Olympic games including 1948 London, 1952 Helsinki and 1956 Melbourne.

paragraphs: Zandi died on 30 October 2017 in Tehran at the age of 87.


title: Mario das Neves

paragraphs: Mario das Neves (April 27, 1951 – October 31, 2017) was an Argentine Justicialist Party politician. He was the governor of the Argentine province of Chubut from 2003 through 2011 and again from 2015 until his death in 2017. He was born in Buenos Aires.

paragraphs: Das Neves died of cardiopulmonary arrest on October 31, 2017 in Rawson, Chubut at the age of 66.


title: Papi Oviedo

paragraphs: Gilberto "Papi" Oviedo la Portilla (9 February 1938 – 31 October 2017) was a Cuban tres player. He was born in La Habana. He started playing the tres when he was about 15. Oviedo was the tres player in Elio Revé's band for 13 years. He has been on tour with Buena Vista Social Club exposing the son style to wider audiences.

paragraphs: Oviedo died of lung cancer in Havana, Cuba on 31 October 2017 at the age of 79.


title: Aboubacar Somparé

paragraphs: El Hajj Aboubacar Somparé (31 August 1944 – 2 November 2017) was a Guinean politician. He was President of the National Assembly of Guinea from 2002 to 2008. He was previously Guinea's Ambassador to France from 1978 to 1984 and was Secretary-General of the Unity and Progress Party (PUP) from 1995 to 2002. He served as Interim President of Guinea from 22 December 2008 through 24 December 2008.

paragraphs: Somparé died on 2 November 2017 in Ratoma, Guinea at the age of 73.


title: Jigsaw (Saw character)

paragraphs: John Kramer—known as The Jigsaw Killer or simply Jigsaw—is a fictional character who appears in the "Saw" franchise as the main antagonist.

paragraphs: Jigsaw made his appearance in the first movie of the series, "Saw", and he later appeared in "Saw II", "Saw III", "Saw IV", "Saw V", "Saw VI", "Saw 3D" and, eventually, "Jigsaw". He is played by American actor Tobin Bell.

paragraphs: Jigsaw ranks No. 30 in "Empire" magazine's "100 Greatest Movie Characters" list.

paragraphs: In the series' narrative, Kramer is a former civil engineer dying from an inoperable frontal lobe tumor that had developed from colon cancer. After a failed suicide attempt, Kramer found a new appreciation for his life, and went to dedicate the rest of his life to inspiring the same appreciation in others by testing their will to live.

paragraphs: His methods include forcing his subjects through deadly scenarios, which he referred to as "games" or "tests", in which they were forced to inflict pain upon themselves or others in order to escape. These tests were typically symbolic of what Jigsaw perceived as a flaw in each person's moral character or life. The Jigsaw name was given to him by the media for his practice of cutting a puzzle piece shape of flesh from those who fail.

paragraphs: His videos are recorded with a cheap homemade camera with Billy the Puppet instructing the subjects what to do to live.


title: Vinu Chakravarthy

paragraphs: Vinu Chakravarthy (15 December 1945 – 27 April 2017) was an Indian actor (actor who acted in many language movies), writer and director. He had acted in about 1000 movies. "Muni" of Raghava Lawrence is Vinu Chakravarthy's 1000th movie. He acted in 900+ Tamil movies, 50 Malayalam movies, 5 Telugu movies, Some Kannada movies and 1 Badaga language movie.

paragraphs: Chakravarthy was born on December 15, 1945, in Usilampatti. His parents are Adimoola Thevar and Manjuvani Ammal. He studied at Wesley School, Royapettah. He got degree in commerce from A. M. Jain College. He was the eldest son among other 3 sons and a daughter.

paragraphs: Chakravarthy was working as a script writer for Kannada director Puttanna Kanagal. He was noticed by movie producer Tiruppur Mani who in 1977, gave him a role in the Kannada film Parasangada Gendetimma. This movie was later remade into Tamil. Since then, Chakravarthy has made over 1,000 films in four South Indian languages - 900 in Tamil, 30 in Malayalam, 5 in Telugu and one in Badaga language. His last movie was Vaayai Mudi Pesavum in 2014.

paragraphs: He died at the age of 71 due to illness in the year 2017.


title: Moza bint Nasser

paragraphs: Moza bint Nasser (Arabic:موزا بنت ناصر)(Born on 8 August 1959 in Doha, Qatar ) is the wife of former Emir of Qatar, Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani and mother of current Emir of Qatar, Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani.she is chairperson of Qatar Foundation and founder of Silatech.she was UNESCO's Special Envoy for Basic and Higher Education in 2003.also, she has been named as one of Forbes' 100 Most Powerful Women at #75.

paragraphs: Sheikha Moza was born on August 8, 1959 in Al-Khor, Qatar. She married with Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani in 1977 at the age of 18.she would eventually earn her Bachelor’s Degree in Sociology from Qatar University in 1986.

paragraphs: The Sheikh Hammad has seven children with the Sheikha Mozah:


title: Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani

paragraphs: Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani (born 3 June 1980 in Doha, Qatar) is the current Emir of Qatar. Sheikh Tamim is the fourth son of his father, Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, the previous Emir of Qatar and second son of Sheikha Moza bint Nasser. He became Emir of Qatar on 25 June 2013 after his father. He became the heir apparent to the Qatar throne on 5 August 2003.

paragraphs: He studied in the Royal Military Academy at Sandhurst where he graduated in 1998.


title: Reborrowing

paragraphs: Reborrowing is when words of a certain language are borrowed into a different language, when the new language creates new words using the loanwords or roots they borrowed, and either when the newly created words are introduced to the language that the old loanwords came from.

paragraphs: Examples of this can be found in many languages.

paragraphs: English uses many loanwords borrowed from French, Latin, and Greek, which is why many scientific words are made using words and word roots from these same languages. For example, the word "telegram" comes from the Greek roots "tele-", which means "distant/far", and "-gram/-graph", which means "writing", thus a telegram is a machine that sends written messages from far away. This word came back into Greek as τηλεγράφημα "telegráfima".


title: Peter MacGregor-Scott

paragraphs: Peter MacGregor-Scott (December 28, 1947 – October 25, 2017) was an American movie producer. He was born in Maidenhead, Berkshire, England. He produced the 1997 movie, "Batman & Robin". He also produced the Cheech & Chong movie "Cheech & Chong's The Corsican Brothers", "Still Smokin" and "Born in East L.A.". Others are "The Whoopee Boys" and "Death to Smoochy".

paragraphs: MacGregor-Scott was involved in a traffic collision in New York City which would result in his death on October 25, 2017, aged 69.


title: Third Rutte cabinet

paragraphs: The Third Rutte cabinet, also called "Rutte III cabinet" or "Rutte III", is the current government of the Netherlands.

paragraphs: It was sworn in on October 26, 2017. It is named after Prime Minister Mark Rutte (VVD).

paragraphs: It is a coalition of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD), the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA), Democrats 66 (D66), and the ChristianUnion (CU).

paragraphs: VVD is a conservative and D66 a social liberal party. CDA is a Christiandemocratic and CU an orthodox Christiandemocratic party.

paragraphs: Together they have 76 seats in the Second Chamber and 38 seats in the First Chamber.

paragraphs: The Third Rutte cabinet counts 24 members, of which 10 are women (about 40%):


title: Vernier

paragraphs: Vernier is a municipality of the canton of Geneva in Switzerland. It has villages of Vernier Village, Le Lignon, Aïre, Les Avanchets, Cointrin and Châtelaine. As of 31 December 2016, 34,983 people lived there.


title: Chair of the Federal Reserve

paragraphs: The Chair of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System is the head of the central banking system of the United States. The job is known as "Chair of the Fed" or "Fed Chair". The chair is in charge of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.

paragraphs: The chair is chosen by the President of the United States from among the members of the Board of Governors; and serves for four-year-terms after appointment. A chair may be appointed for many terms. William Martin was the longest serving chair, holding the position from 1951 to 1970.

paragraphs: The current chair is Jerome Powell upon taking office on February 5, 2018.


title: Minnesota State University, Mankato

paragraphs: Minnesota State University, Mankato (Minnesota State) is the largest and second oldest university in the Minnesota State Colleges and Universities system. It is one of the largest universities in Minnesota. The nickname for the sports teams is the Mavericks. Minnesota State is located in Mankato, Minnesota a city southwest of the Twin Cities. It has a big business impact on southern Minnesota. It's stadium was where the Vikings came to practice in the summer. It was also linked to the Coach (TV series). It sports teams have won several national championships in the National Collegiate Athletics Association Division 2 level.


title: Jerome Powell

paragraphs: Jerome Hayden Powell (born February 4, 1953) is an American lawyer. He is the 16th and current Chair of the Federal Reserve since February 2018and a member of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors and has served since 2012 upon being nominated by President Barack Obama.

paragraphs: On November 2, 2017, President Donald Trump nominated Powell to serve as the next Chair of the Federal Reserve. His nomination was confirmed by the United States Senate on January 31, 2018 and took office on February 5, 2018.

paragraphs: Powell was born in Washington, D.C.. He studied at Princeton University and at Georgetown University. In 1975-1976, he spent a year as a legislative assistant to Senator Richard Schweiker of Pennsylvania.

paragraphs: From 1984 to 1990, Powell worked at Dillon, Read & Co.. Between 1990 and 1993, Powell worked in the United States Department of the Treasury, at which time Nicholas F. Brady, the former chairman of Dillon, Read & Co., was the United States Secretary of the Treasury. In 1992, Powell became the Under Secretary of the Treasury for Domestic Finance after being nominated by George H. W. Bush.

paragraphs: In 1993, Powell began working as a managing director for Bankers Trust, but he quit in 1995. Powell founded Severn Capital Partners, a private investment firm focused on specialty finance and opportunistic investments in the industrial sector.

paragraphs: In December 2011, Powell was nominated to the Federal Reserve Board of Governors by President Barack Obama. He took office on May 25, 2012. In January 2014, he was nominated for another term, and, in June 2014, he was confirmed by the United States Senate in a 67-24 vote for a 14-year term ending January 31, 2028. His nomination was confirmed by the Senate on January 23, 2018 by a 85-12 vote.

paragraphs: On November 2, 2017, President Donald Trump nominated Powell to serve as the Chair of the Federal Reserve. On January 31, 2018, Powell was confirmed by the United States Senate.

paragraphs: In 1985, Powell married Ellissa Leonard. They have three children.

paragraphs: Powell's net worth is estimated to be as much as $112 million.


title: Brad Bufanda

paragraphs: Brad Bufanda (Fred Joseph Bufanda III; May 4, 1983 – November 1, 2017) was an American actor. He was best known for his self-made internet videos. He was born in Upland, California. His career began in 1995. While in middle school he appeared on the ABC television series "Roseanne" and "Hangin' with Mr. Cooper". He was best known for his role as David in "A Cinderella Story".

paragraphs: Bufanda played Felix Toombs in the series "Veronica Mars" and was also featured in the movie. He starred in the Cinemax series "Co-Ed Confidential" from 2008-2010.

paragraphs: Bufanda committed suicide on November 1, 2017 at the age of 34 by jumping off of his residential tower in the Park La Brea apartment community of Los Angeles, California.


title: Václav Riedlbauch

paragraphs: Václav Riedlbauch (1 April 1947 – 3 November 2017) was a Czech composer, pedagogue and manager. He was the Minister of Culture in the government of Jan Fischer (2009–2010). He was born in Dýšina. He was program director at the Prague Congress Centre.

paragraphs: From 2001 until his death, he was the Director General of the Czech Philharmonic. He was a professor at the Academy of Performing Arts in Prague.

paragraphs: Riedlbauch died of complications from COPD in Prague on 3 November 2017 at the age of 70.


title: Hussain Muhammad Ershad

paragraphs: Hussain Muhammad Ershad ( "Hussein Muhammad Ershad", 1 February 1930 – 14 July 2019) was a Bangladeshi politician. He served as the 10th President of Bangladesh from 1983 to 1990. He was the founder of the Jatiyo Party, currently the second-largest party in the Jatiyo Sangshad.

paragraphs: Ershad was twice honoured as a United Nations Laureate, for his works on population and environmental issues.

paragraphs: Ershad died on 14 July 2019 at a military hospital in Dhaka from myelodysplastic syndrome, aged 89.


title: Shahabuddin Ahmed

paragraphs: Shahabuddin Ahmed (born 1 February 1930) is a Bangladeshi politician. He served as the 12th President of Bangladesh. He also served as the Chief Justice of the country.

paragraphs: Ahmed took over the office of President after a popular uprising against President Hussain Muhammad Ershad in 1991. Afterwards, he returned to his duties as the Chief Justice following the amendment. Later, he served as the President from 1996 to 2001. During his first time in the Presidential office, he served as Acting President. Later when he again took over the office in 1996 he became the 12th President.


title: Muhammad Jamiruddin Sircar

paragraphs: Muhammad Jamiruddin Sircar (born 1 December 1931) is a Bangladeshi barrister and politician. He was born in Tetulia, Panchagarh, Bengal Presidency, British India. He served as the acting President of Bangladesh in 2002. He served as the speaker of the Parliament of Bangladesh. He is one of the founding members of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party and was a member of the standing committee.


title: Gyalo Thondup

paragraphs: Gyalo Thondup (), (born c.1928) is the second-eldest brother of the 14th Dalai Lama. He often acted as the Dalai Lama's unofficial ambassador, and was involved in many political controversies around the Tibetan society.

paragraphs: In recent years, Thondup has repeatedly said that the only way to achieve progress is with China. In 1998, the Central Tibetan Administration (the political arm of the Dalai Lama's anti-China diaspora faction) criticized Thondup for not letting the Dalai Lama know about the CIA's involvement in Tibet.


title: Frederica Wilson

paragraphs: Frederica Smith Wilson (born Frederica Patricia Smith; November 5, 1942) is an American politician. She has been a member of the United States House of Representatives since 2011. Wilson's congressional district—numbered the 17th during her first two years in Congress, and the 24th since 2013.

paragraphs: She gained national attention in early 2012 as a result of her high-profile comments on the death of Trayvon Martin.

paragraphs: Wilson is a member of the Democratic Party.


title: A. Q. M. Badruddoza Chowdhury

paragraphs: Abul Qasim Muhammad Badruddoza Chowdhury (born 1 November 1932) was the 13th President of Bangladesh, serving from 14 November 2001 until his resignation on 21 June 2002. He was the founding secretary-general of Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP).

paragraphs: He is also a known physician, and former cultural activist, an author, essayist, playwright, television presenter and an orator of distinction.


title: Renzo Calegari

paragraphs: Renzo Calegari (5 September 1933 – 5 November 2017) was an Italian comics artist. He was born in Genoa, Italy. His best known work was the long lasting comic book series "Storia del West", which run from 1967 until 1980, and for which he illustrated many stories.

paragraphs: Calegari died on 5 November 2017 in Chiavari, Italy of complications from a stroke at the age of 84.


title: William Deane

paragraphs: Sir William Patrick Deane (born 4 January 1931) is an Australian lawyer and judge. He served as the 22nd Governor-General of Australia, in office from 1996 to 2001. He was appointed to the Supreme Court of New South Wales in 1977, and later that year was also appointed to the Federal Court of Australia. He was a Justice of the High Court of Australia from 1982 to 1995.

paragraphs: Deane had a low profile during his five-year term, having no major constitutional issues, but did become notice by the global scale by officially opening the 2000 Summer Olympics.

paragraphs: Deane was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) on 10 August 1982, a few weeks after being appointed to the High Court.


title: Bill Hayden

paragraphs: William George "Bill" Hayden (born 23 January 1933) is an Australian politician. He served as the 21st Governor-General of Australia, in office from 1989 to 1996. He had been leader of the Labor Party from 1977 to 1983, as well serving as a cabinet minister in the Whitlam and Hawke Governments.

paragraphs: Hayden was elected to the House of Representatives when he was 28 years old. He replaced Jim Cairns as Treasurer in 1975, but served for only five months.

paragraphs: In early 1977, Hayden challenged Whitlam for the party leadership and was defeated by just two votes. He replaced Whitlam as Leader of the Opposition at the end of the year when Whitlam resigned as a result of Labor's defeat at the 1977 election. He was replaced by Bob Hawke in 1983.


title: John K. Singlaub

paragraphs: John Kirk Singlaub (born July 10, 1921) was an American OSS officer. He was a founding member of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), and is a retired Major General in the United States Army.

paragraphs: Singlaub was born in Independence, California. He studied at the University of California, Los Angeles. He served in the United States Army during World War II and parachuted into Occupied France to fight with the French Resistance.

paragraphs: In 1977, Singlaub was relieved from his position as Chief of Staff of U.S. forces in South Korea after criticizing President Jimmy Carter's decision to withdraw U.S. troops from the Korean peninsula in an interview with the Washington Post. Less than a year later Singlaub was forced to retire after publicly questioning President Carter's national security policies.

paragraphs: In 1979 Singlaub founded the Western Goals Foundation, a private intelligence network that was found to have supplied weapons to the contras during the Iran-Contra affair during the Ronald Reagan administration. Singlaub has contributed to several books, as well as writing an autobiography.

paragraphs: Singlaub served as a leading figure in U.S. national security and defense matters under Democratic and Republican U.S. Presidents, from Franklin Roosevelt, Harry Truman, John F. Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson to Dwight D. Eisenhower and Richard Nixon.


title: Aminoglycoside

paragraphs: Aminoglycosides are antibiotics used for gram negative infections. Gram-negative means that the bacteria which cause the infection don't hold the color of a particular dye (Crystal Violet) when they're tested.

paragraphs: Since they are not absorbed from the gut, they are usually taken by an injection into the vain or muscle but they can be given as a cream or ointment to prevent and treat skin infections, as eye drops for eye infections, as ear drops for ear infections and as a pill for intestinal infections but not for other internal infections.

paragraphs: Antibiotics from this family can be used in patients who are not able to take some regular antibiotics, such as Penicillin because of allergies. The most common Aminoglycosides used as alternatives to Penicillin are Erythromycin (lit. "Red fungus") and Clarithromycin (lit. "Yellow fungus"). They're most commonly used in the treatment of bacterial infections, such as Bronchitis.


title: Normandy landings

paragraphs: The Normandy landings (codenamed Operation Neptune) were the landings on Tuesday 6 June 1944 in World War II. Invasion forces landed at Gold Beach, Sword Beach, Omaha Beach Juno Beach, Pointe du Hoc and Utah Beach.

paragraphs: The landing started on the so-called D-Day. It was by the Allies of World War II: the U.S.A., British, Canadian, Australian and other forces. The whole event was codenamed "Operation Overlord" and intended to open a new Western Front of the war. It was the largest seaborne invasion in history. After landing, the Allied forces failed to take any of the towns and places they had planned to take. However, they were able to control the beaches, and in the following days they moved inland.

paragraphs: German casualties on D-Day have been estimated at 4,000 to 9,000 men. Allied casualties were at least 10,000, with 4,414 confirmed dead. The Normandy landings were the largest and deadliest amphibious assault in the history of warfare.


title: Joel Kinnaman

paragraphs: Charles Joel Nordström Kinnaman (born 25 November 1979) is a Swedish American actor, known for his television roles as Detective Stephen Holder in AMC's "The Killing", Takeshi Kovacs in the first season of "Altered Carbon," and Governor Will Conway in the U.S. version of "House of Cards." He has also played Alex Murphy in the 2014 "RoboCop" remake, and Rick Flag in the film adaptation of "Suicide Squad" (2016). Kinnaman is also known in Sweden for playing the lead role in the Swedish movie "Easy Money".


title: Jack Nichols (activist)

paragraphs: John Richard "Jack" Nichols Jr. (March 16, 1938 – May 2, 2005) was an American gay rights activist. He co-founded the Washington, D.C. branch of the Mattachine Society in 1961 with Frank Kameny. He was born in Washington, D.C.. Nichols led the first gay rights march on the White House, in April 1965, and participated in the Annual Reminder pickets at Independence Hall in Philadelphia.

paragraphs: In 1967, Nichols became one of the first Americans to talk openly about his homosexuality on national television when he appeared in "", a CBS News documentary.

paragraphs: Nichols died of complications from salivary gland cancer in Cocoa Beach, Florida on May 2, 2005 at the age of 67.


title: Ibrahim Cevahir

paragraphs: Ibrahim Cevahir (born on 1938, Trabzon - died, September 21, 2015, Istanbul) is a Turkish entrepreneur and businessman. he also is the founder and former Chairman of Cevahir Holding. In 1959, Cevahir Holding's foundations entered the construction sector with his brothers.

paragraphs: He died of a heart attack on September 21, 2015 in Istanbul at the age of 77.


title: Hugo de Jonge

paragraphs: Hugo Mattheüs de Jonge (born September 26, 1977 in Bruinisse) is a Dutch politician. He is a member of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) and the current first Deputy Prime Minister in the Third Rutte cabinet.

paragraphs: De Jonge studied at Ichthus University of Applied Sciences in Rotterdam and subsequently worked as a school teacher for five years.

paragraphs: From 2004 to 2006 he was an assistant to the CDA parliamentary group in the Second Chamber. The next four years he worked at the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science.

paragraphs: He became an alderman of the city of Rotterdam in 2010, which lasted till 2017. Education, youth and family matters were in his portfolio. In between he was also a councillor of Rotterdam for a brief period (after the municipal elections in 2014).

paragraphs: Since October 26, 2017, he has been Minister of Health, Welfare and Sports, and also a Vice Minister-President in Rutte III. He is the first one to replace Prime Minister Mark Rutte.

paragraphs: At the public presentation of the government he received attention by wearing dark-dotted white shoes made of crocodile leather.

paragraphs: Hugo de Jonge is married with two children, and a member of the Protestant Church in the Netherlands (PKN).


title: Bruinisse

paragraphs: Bruinisse is a village in the municipality-island of Schouwen-Duiveland, in the Province of Zeeland, the Netherlands.

paragraphs: About 4,000 people are living there. It is located on the very east of the island.

paragraphs: Bruinisse is an agricultural and fishing community. Breeding of the blue mussel is an important business there.


title: Agulu lake

paragraphs: Agulu lake is a lake in Anambra State, Nigeria. The lake is connected to Ulasi Okija and River Nigeria.


title: Mahadev Ghurhu

paragraphs: Mahadev Ghurhu is a town in the Siddharth Nagar district in Basti division within Indian state of Uttar Pradesh and adjacent to Nepal. Mahadev Ghurhu is situated 170 km from the State's Capital City Lucknow.

paragraphs: The city Mahadev Ghurhu is situated at a distance of 4 kilometers from Itwa , 65 kilometers from the Basti and 120 kilometers from Gorakhpur.

paragraphs: This village founded by Baba Gainlal Srivastav . . The nearest railway station is Barhni which is 25 kilometers from Mahadev Ghurhu. It is on the Gonda-gorakhpur loop line and is being converted into broad gauge line. Another railway station near to Mahadev Ghurhu is Basti, which is well connected to Delhi, Mumbai, Lucknow, Gorakhpur etc.


title: Bairavaa

paragraphs: Bairavaa is a 2017 Indian Tamil-language action film written and directed by Bharathan and produced by Vijaya Productions. The film stars Vijay and Keerthy Suresh in the lead roles, while Sathish, Jagapathi Babu, Daniel Balaji, Mime Gopi, Sriman and Sija Rose amongst others play supporting roles. The music is composed by Santhosh Narayanan, the cinematography is handled by M. Sukumar and the film is edited by Praveen K. L. After entering production in early 2016, the film progressed under the tentative title of "Vijay 60", before being named as "Bairavaa" during September 2016. The film had a worldwide release on 12 January 2017. The film was dubbed into Telugu as "Agent Bairavaa" and in Hindi as "Bhairava" by Goldmines Telefilms in 2017. The film completed 100-day theatrical run. The film was a commercial success.

paragraphs: The story revolves around Bairavaa (Vijay) and Malarvizhi (Keerthy Suresh). Bairavaa (Vijay), a collection agent for ICCI Bank in Chennai. During his manager's daughter's wedding, he comes across Malarvizhi (Keerthy Suresh), a medical student from Kallidaikurichi in Tirunelveli district, and immediately falls in love with her. He goes to the Koyambedu bus station to propose his love to Malarvizhi before she leaves Chennai. But he notices a group tries to kill her. He saves her from them. She tells a flashback that happened in her medical college.

paragraphs: The college has no basic facilities, including a proper building and good doctors. Malarvizhi and her best friend Vaishali (Aparna Vinod) lodged a complaint against the college to the Medical Council of India. To save his name, PK(owner of the college) made a deal with the MCI officials to cancel the suspension in exchange for sex with a girl from the college. Vaishali, who was the girl chosen by the officials, was found raped and killed the next morning. Malarvizhi's father (Aadukalam Naren), a sincere police officer, began an investigation into PK's involvement in Vaishali's death, but he too was killed by PK. After her father's death, Malarvizhi dragged PK to court. The judge declared that Malarvizhi should not be expelled from the college and must not be harmed till the case ends. But PK indirectly troubles her through the lecturers of the college. Bairavaa, on hearing Malarvizhi's story, decides to help her fight against PK and get justice for Vaishali. He too leaves for Kallidaikurichi with her.

paragraphs: He makes a raid on PK's house acting like an Income Tax officer. He collects all the evidences against PK from the raid. Then later PK came to know that he is not an IT officer. The fight between the both starts. PK gets back the evidence and destroys them, leaving Bairavaa with no evidence. Bairavaa thinks to use PK's right hand Kottai Veeran as the evidence. The time came, Kottai Veeran's wife was very ill and passes away. He changes PK's asthma inhaler with nitrous oxide (laughing gas). PK who inhales the gas before going to his wife's funeral, begins to laugh uncontrollably. Kottai Veeran turns against him and accept Bairavaa's offer of becoming approver. But PK kills him too.

paragraphs: Bairavaa decides to kill PK as that is the only way he can do to get justice for Vaishali. He frames that PK is planning to assassinate the Prime Minister of India while he is on the way to the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant. The news spreads all across India.Soon it is ordered to shoot PK. PK, realising that he is cornered, tries to kill Bairavaa before he dies, but Bairavaa manages to kill him along with the NSG commandos.

paragraphs: The movie got a collection above Rs. 100 crore and was considered as a super hit movie.


title: Revenue Village

paragraphs: A Revenue Village is a small administrative region in India, a village with fixed (defined) borders. One revenue village may contain many small settlements called hamlets.

paragraphs: The "Village Administrative Officer (VAO)" is the head officer of the Revenue Village


title: Revenue block

paragraphs: Revenue blocks, revenue circles or firka are the local revenue sub-divisions of the various districts of the states of India. These blocks should not be confused with the similar Panchayath union blocks (Blocks) and taluks. The revenue blocks exist to simplify local administration, and each consists of a small number of revenue villages, governed by a Revenue Inspector. The Revenue Inspector is charged with a number of key administrative roles, most notably the identification and collection of tax revenue. Sometimes the land area in a revenue circle is identified as an ILRC (Inspector Land Revenue Circle) for administrative purposes.

paragraphs: While Revenue blocks may be as large as or larger than a tehsil, revenue circles are generally smaller. In the state of Tamil Nadu alone, there are 1,127 revenue blocks.


title: Nagar panchayat

paragraphs: A Nagar Panchayat or Notified Area Council (NAC) or City Council in India is a council helps in the transformation of from rural to urban.

paragraphs: The 74th Amendment of the Constitution of India made laws relating to urban local government. The three-tier structure is municipal corporation, municipal council and nagar panchayat.

paragraphs: Each Nagar Panchayat has a committee consisting of a chairman / mayor along with ward/counselors members. There are at least ten elected ward members and three nominated members.

paragraphs: There are seats reserved for scheduled castes, scheduled tribes, backward classes and women. The councillors or ward members are chosen by direct election from electoral wards in the Nagar Panchayat.


title: Chidambaram taluk

paragraphs: Chidambaram taluk is a taluk of Cuddalore district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The headquarters of the taluk is the town of Chidambaram.

paragraphs: According to the 2011 census, the taluk of Chidambaram had a population of 469,416 with 236,170 males and 233,246 females. There were 988 women for every 1000 men. The taluk had a literacy rate of 75.15. Child population in the age group below 6 was 23,599 Males and 21,446 Females.


title: Kattumannarkoil taluk

paragraphs: Kattumannarkoil taluk is a taluk of Cuddalore district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The headquarters of the taluk is the town of Kattumannarkoil.

paragraphs: According to the 2011 census, the taluk of Kattumannarkoil had a population of 276,170 with 138,962 males and 137,208 females. There were 987 women for every 1000 men. The taluk had a literacy rate of 70%. The children population is 14,000.


title: Dharmapuri taluk

paragraphs: Dharmapuri taluk is a taluk in the Dharmapuri district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The headquarters of the taluk is the town of Dharmapuri.

paragraphs: According to the 2011 census, the taluk of Dharmapuri had a population of 441,115 with 225,969 males and 215,146 females. There were 952 women for every 1000 men. The taluk had a literacy rate of 64.96. Child population in the age group below 6 was 24,262 Males and 22,372 Females.


title: Palacode taluk

paragraphs: Palacode taluk is a taluk in the Dharmapuri district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The headquarters of the taluk is the town of Palacode.

paragraphs: According to the 2011 census, the taluk of Palakkodu had a population of 345,906 with 178,514 males and 167,392 females. There were 938 women for every 1000 men. The taluk had a literacy rate of 41.04. Child population in the age group below 6 was 20,954 Males and 18,600 Females.


title: Formic acid

paragraphs: Formic acid, or methanoic acid, is the simplist carboxylic acid and has the chemical formula . Many animals use for defence. The word "formic" comes from the Latin word for ant, formica, referring to its early isolation by the distillation of ant bodies, and the trivial name in some languages means "ant-acid", such as Dutch mierenzuur, Danish myresyre, Faroese meyrusýra, Français acide formique and German Ameisensäure. Esters, salts, and the anions derived from formic acid are called formates.

paragraphs: In the 15th century, many alchemists reported that ants use an acidid fluid for defense. English naturalist John Ray was the first to get formic acid, by distilling ants, in 1671.

paragraphs: In nature, it is found in most ants. The wood ants from the genus Formica can spray formic acid on their preys or to defend the nest. It is also known from the trichomes of stinging nettle ("Urtica dioica"). Formic acid is a naturally occurring component of the atmosphere due primarily to forest emissions .


title: Salvador Minuchin

paragraphs: Salvador Minuchin (October 13, 1921 – October 29, 2017) was an Argentine-American family psychotherapist. He was born and raised in San Salvador, Argentina. Minuchin developed structural family therapy, which talked about problems within a family by talking about the relationships between family members, or between subsets of family.

paragraphs: When Minuchin moved to New York in 1981, he established the Family Studies Institute, where he could teach family therapists and interface directly with the foster care system through consultation services.

paragraphs: Minuchin died of heart disease at a care facility in Boca Raton, Florida on October 29, 2017 at the age of 96.


title: Peter Schutz

paragraphs: Peter Werner Schutz (April 20, 1930 – October 29, 2017) was a German-American businessman. He served as the president and CEO of Porsche between 1981 and 1987, a time in which the company greatly expanded sales such as in the United States. He was a motivational speaker and co-founder of Harris and Schutz Inc..

paragraphs: Schutz was born in Berlin, Germany. His family moved to Havana, Cuba in 1937 after the rise of the Nazi Party. In 1939, his family moved to Chicago, Illinois where he was raised. He studied at the Illinois Institute of Technology.

paragraphs: Schutz died in Naples, Florida of complications from Alzheimer's disease on October 29, 2017 at the age of 87.


title: Michael Augustine

paragraphs: Monsignor Michael Augustine (12 June 1933 – 4 November 2017) was an Indian archbishop (emeritus) of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Pondicherry and Cuddalore from 1999 through 2004. He served as Bishop of Vellore from 1981 through 1992.

paragraphs: He served the Church for 39 years as a bishop and for 56 years as a priest. He was born in Kovilanoor, Tamil Nadu. He resigned in 2004 due to health problems along with Pope John Paul II accepting his resignation. Since 2004 until his death, Augustine held the title of "Emeritus" Archbishop of Pondicherry and Cuddalore.

paragraphs: Augustine died on 4 November 2017 at a hospital in Pondicherry, India of a heart attack at the age of 84.


title: Muse Watson

paragraphs: Muse Watson (born July 20, 1948) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles as Ben Willis in the "I Know What You Did Last Summer" franchise, Charles Westmoreland on the Fox television series "Prison Break" and as Mike Franks in CBS television series "NCIS".

paragraphs: Watson was born in Alexandria, Louisiana. He studied at Louisiana Tech and at Berea College in Kentucky.


title: Polity IV

paragraphs: The Polity IV scale is a yearly assessment that assesses most sovereign states with a population above 500,000. They are split into five categories: full democracies, democracies, open anocracies, closed anocracies, and autocracies.


title: Norman Hardie

paragraphs: Norman David Hardie (28 December 1924 – 31 October 2017) was a New Zealand climber. He was involved in the first ascent of 8,586-metre (28,169 ft) Kangchenjunga, the third highest mountain in the world. He was born in Timaru, New Zealand.

paragraphs: A close friend of Edmund Hillary, for 22 years Hardie was on the board of Edmund Hillary's Himalayan Trust. He visited the Himalayas on 14 trips. He has also been to Antarctica on three occasions, including as leader of Scott Base.

paragraphs: In the 1992 New Year Honours, Hardie was appointed a Companion of the Queen's Service Order for community service.

paragraphs: Hardie died on 31 October 2017 in Auckland, New Zealand at the age of 92.


title: Joe Brown (climber)

paragraphs: Joseph Brown, usually Joe Brown, CBE (26 September 1930 – 15 April 2020) was an English climber. He was born in Ardwick, Manchester, Lancashire, England. Brown's mountaineering achievements in the Alps and Himalayas have often been little known. In 1956 he made the first ascent of the west summit of the Muztagh Tower in the Karakoram with Ian McNaught-Davis. He was a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE), Brown was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2011 New Year Honours for services.

paragraphs: Brown died on 15 April 2020 at the age of 89.


title: Tony Streather

paragraphs: Lieutenant Colonel (Retired) Harry Reginald Anthony "Tony" Streather OBE (24 March 1926 – 31 October 2018) was a British army officer. He served in the Gloucestershire Regiment. He was one of the mountaineers who first-ascended Tirich Mir and Kangchenjunga.

paragraphs: In 1955, Streather took part in the first ascent of Kangchenjunga, the third highest mountain in the world. With Norman Hardie, he reached the summit the day after the first summit party of Joe Brown.

paragraphs: In 1976 Streather led the Joint British Army, Royal Nepalese Army Everest expedition, which successfully put two British Army climbers on the summit.

paragraphs: He died on 31 October 2018 at the age of 91.


title: Achille Silvestrini

paragraphs: Achille Silvestrini (25 October 1923 – 29 August 2019) was an Italian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served in the Vatican diplomatic corps, either in Rome or abroad, from 1953 to 1990. He was Prefect of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches from 1991 to 2000. He was born in Brisighella, Italy.

paragraphs: Silvestrini was ordained a priest on 13 July 1946 in the cathedral of Faenza by Giuseppe Battaglia, Bishop of Faenza. He earned a doctorate at the University of Bologna in 1948 and a doctorate in canon and civil law at the Pontifical Lateran University.

paragraphs: As of 2016, Silvestrini was chair of the Collegio universitario Fondazione Comunità Domenico Tardini, which was founded in 1946 to support war orphans.

paragraphs: In the 1990s, Silvestrini was mentioned as a successor to Pope John Paul II in the secular press, though Vatican observers noted that his advanced age made his election unlikely.

paragraphs: Silvestrini died in Vatican City on 29 August 2019 at the age of 95.


title: Mecklenburg County, North Carolina

paragraphs: Mecklenburg County is a county in North Carolina. In 2010, 1,054,835 people lived there. The county seat is Charlotte.

paragraphs: The county was created in 1762. It was split from Anson County. It was named in honor of the marriage of King George III to Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.

paragraphs: Mecklenburg County has seven municipalities including the City of Charlotte and the towns of Cornelius, Davidson, and Huntersville (north of Charlotte); and the towns of Matthews, Mint Hill, and Pineville (south and southeast of Charlotte). Small portions of Stallings and Weddington are also in Mecklenburg County, though most of those towns are in Union County.


title: Churchill County School District

paragraphs: The Churchill County School District is a K-12 school district serving Churchill County, Nevada.

paragraphs: The school district operates 3 elementary schools, one middle school, and 1 high school: Churchill County High School.


title: Arthrostylidium simpliciusculum

paragraphs: Arthrostylidium simpliciusculum is a species of "Arthrostylidium" bamboo in the grass family.

paragraphs: The species is native to Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

paragraphs: "Arthrostylidium simpliciusculum" is a tufted perennial with short rhizomes. It grows to between 1 m and 1.2 m in height.


title: Bambusa dissimulator

paragraphs: Bambusa dissimulator is a species of bamboo from Hong Kong. It is fast growing and has plentiful branches.

paragraphs: It can grow up to 15.24 meters and has a diameter of 4.2 centimeters.


title: Bambusa farinacea

paragraphs: Bambusa farinacea is a species of "Bambusa" bamboo.


title: Bambusa affinis

paragraphs: Bambusa affinis is a species of "Bambusa" bamboo, and a member of the grass family

paragraphs: The perennial plant can grow to 500–600 cm long and the stem can go up to 25–35 mm diameter.

paragraphs: It can be found in the tropical regions of Indo-China.


title: Bambusa balcooa

paragraphs: Bambusa balcooa is a clumping bamboo native to Indochina and the Indian subcontinent. It is thick walled clumping or sympodial bamboo.


title: Bambusa blumeana

paragraphs: Bambusa blumeana, also known as spiny bamboo or thorny bamboo, is a species of bamboo occurring in Tropical Asia.

paragraphs: This bamboo is known locally as: "kawayang tinik" in the Philippines, "buluh duri" in Malay and "tre gai" or "tre lá ngắn" in Vietnam.


title: Ampelocalamus scandens

paragraphs: Ampelocalamus scandens is a species of bamboo native to the Guizhou province of China. It can reach heights of 10 m and a stem diameter of 0.8 cm and grows at an altitude of between 265 - 320m.


title: Pennagaram taluk

paragraphs: Pennagaram taluk is a taluk in Dharmapuri district in Tamil Nadu. The headquarters is Pennagaram town.

paragraphs: 2011 Census states that the total population of this taluk is 234,406 with 123,101 males and 111,305 females. There were 904 females for every 1000 males.


title: Harur taluk

paragraphs: Harur taluk is a taluk in Dharmapuri district in Tamil Nadu. The headquarters is the town of Harur.

paragraphs: 2011 Census states that the total population of this taluk is 240,356 with 122,216 males and 118,141 females. There were 967 females for every 1000 males.


title: Appukutty

paragraphs: Sivabalan (Popularly called Appukutty) is an actor and comedian in Tamil cinema. He became a well known actor since his role in the movie "Vennila Kabaddi Kuzhu". His role in "Azhagarsamiyin Kudhirai" won him National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor.

paragraphs: He was born in a village named Nathan Kinaru in Thoothukudi district of Tamil Nadu. He worked as a cleaner in hotels in Chennai. He was given small roles by movie personalities. He wanted to become a comedian. He was recognised by the Tamil cinema in the movie "Vennila Kabaddi Kuzhu" of director Suseenthiran. The director gave a role for Appukutty in the movie "Azhagarsamiyin Kudhirai". The movie won him the National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor. in 2011. The movie also won National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment. His roles in the movies "Sundarapandian" and "Veeram" are also notable ones.


title: MGR Kazhagam

paragraphs: MGR Kazhagam is a political party founded and led by R. M. Veerapan. He is the former Minister under All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam for 5 terms at different periods.

paragraphs: MGR Kazhagam which was divided and created from AIADMK supported the DMK alliance in 2004 Lok Sabha elections.


title: Sergei Ignashevich

paragraphs: Sergei Nikolayevich Ignashevich (Russian: Сергей Николаевич Игнашевич; born on 14 July 1979 in Moscow) is a Russian football player. Since 2004, he has played for CSKA Moscow. He is the most capped player (meaning he has made the most appearances) for the Russia national team.


title: 2017–18 Russian Premier League

paragraphs: The 2017–18 Russian Premier League (Russian: Чемпионат России по футболу 2017/2018, "Chempionat Rossii po futbolu 2017/2018") was the 16th Russian Premier League season, and the 26th top division football tournament. It was played from 15 July 2017 to 13 May 2018. Spartak Moscow were the defending champions, but Lokomotiv Moscow won the tournament.

paragraphs: Because Amkar Perm was dissolved when the season ended, Anzhi Makhachkala were allowed to stay in the Premier League. Yenisey Krasnoyarsk will be promoted to the Premier League for the first time in the team's history.


title: 2016–17 Russian Premier League

paragraphs: The 2016–17 Russian Premier League (Russian: Чемпионат России по футболу 2016/2017, "Chempionat Rossii po futbolu 2016/2017") was the 15th Russian Premier League season, and the 25th top division football tournament. It was played from 30 July 2016 to 21 May 2017. Spartak Moscow won the tournament.


title: Alp Buğdaycı

paragraphs: Alp Buğdaycı (born 21 July 1964 Diyarbakır, died 12 June 2016 Istanbul) is a Turkish businessman, newscaster, and voice artist.

paragraphs: Between 1982-1988, he started his career as a reporter for various newspapers and news agencies in Bâb-ı Âli. In 1990, he made a news announcer on Turkey's first private television channel, Star 1 (Magic Box). In 1991, he passed on Show TV and and was on the morning show called "Hello to the Sun".


title: Piet Derksen

paragraphs: Piet Derksen (1913, Rotterdam - 24 February 1996, Westerhoven) was a Dutch businessman who founded Center Parcs. He was also a philanthropist. He donated all his fortune to charity.

paragraphs: Piet's father thought he was reading too much, so he said to his son that he should go and play tennis. Pieter listened to the advice of his father, but he was more interested in making money from tennis. He borrowed money from his family and built a tennis court near Kralingen in Holland with it.

paragraphs: Later on, Pieter had the idea to sell his tennis course and start a sport store. It was called "Sporthuis-centrum" which means "Sporthouse-centre". He bought a tent factory in North Brabant. At the time, lots of people wanted bigger, better tents. Pieter decided to rent out tents on a piece of land he bought near Reuver. This was a great success, so the tents were replaced with bungalows. In 1978 Pieter decided to sell his sports stores - he did this so he could concentrate on "Sporthuis Centrum". He built a house for himself on the Center Parcs site "De Kempervennen" near Eindhoven. He did this so he could see his company working and be close to his customers.


title: Westerhoven

paragraphs: Westerhoven is a village in the Dutch province of North Brabant. It is in the municipality of Bergeijk. It is about 15 km southwest of Eindhoven.

paragraphs: Westerhoven is in a valley between the rivers 'Keersop' and 'Beekloop'. The rivers both flow just outside the middle of the village. There is evidence that prehistoric people lived in the area. The hill connecting to the nearby village Riethoven is from the Roman times. Frankish ceramics were found when some people removed an old oak shore. Westerhoven used to be part of the ‘heerlijkheid’ Bergeyk but became separated from it in 1810. Westerhoven became part of Bergeijk in 1997.

paragraphs: Kempenlands (an East Brabantian kind of language, which is similar to normal Dutch) is spoken in the area.


title: Qatar Foundation

paragraphs: Qatar Foundation for Education, Science and Community Development is an NPO organization based in Qatar, founded by former Emir of Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani and his second wife Moza bint Nasser in 1995.

paragraphs: The President of the Qatar Foundation is shaikha Moza bint Nasser. In February 2016, her daughter Hind bint Hamad Al Thani, the sister of the current Emir of Qatar, is appointed CEO of the foundation.

paragraphs: Qatar Foundation has created a campus, Education City, which houses branches of reputable American universities. To link these universities to industry, and has established the Qatar Science and Technology Park to host technology and innovation-based companies.

paragraphs: On December 10, 2010, FC Barcelona announced that it has signed a five-year, 150 million euro contract with the Qatar Foundation.


title: Center Parcs

paragraphs: Center Parcs is a group of holiday villages in Europe that was founded in the Netherlands in 1968. It is now two different companies: Center Parcs Europe (CPE), which is run by Pierre & Vacances on mainland European sites owned by Blackstone Group and Center Parcs UK which runs holiday villages in Great Britain and Ireland and is owned by the Brookfield Properties Corporation.

paragraphs: A Dutch businessman, Piet Derksen, started a sport items shop in 1953 at Lijnbaan, Rotterdam. Its name was 'Sporthuis Centrum', which means 'Sport House Centre'. It succeeded and Derksen made 17 more shops in the Netherlands. He then added things used for camping to the range.

paragraphs: In 1968, Derksen bought some woodland near Reuver so that his staff and customers could relax in small tents. The park, De Lommerbergen, worked well so the tents were replaced with bungalows. In 1987, Center Parcs opened its first UK resort at Sherwood Forest in Nottinghamshire. The brewer Scottish and Newcastle liked the idea - they would buy Center Parcs UK.

paragraphs: In 2001, Scottish and Newcastle sold the Center Parcs UK to venture capitalists Mid Ocean. In December 2003 they sold the UK resorts to Arbor for £285 million. After it was put on the London Stock Exchange in May 2006, Center Parcs UK Group PLC was sold to Blackstone Group. It was changed into a private company. The chief executive Martin Dalby said that the company might make a fifth village. In 2004 it the company said it would be built near Woburn in Bedfordshire. They were not allowed to build it, but later they were allowed to.

paragraphs: Center Parcs in Whinfell Forest was built and run by the Rank Organisation, the only people who had the same service as Center Parcs in the UK. After a few years it was sold to Center Parcs. Whinfell Forest is not built in the same way as other Center Parcs places there are some design differences including the exterior look of the lodges and the Subtropical Swimming Paradise (which is the pools complex) which has been likened to a butterfly shape.

paragraphs: Break prices include accommodation, unlimited use of the Subtropical Swimming Paradise and playgrounds. Meals, bike hire and activities are additional costs.

paragraphs: In July 2016, Center Parcs was allowed by An Bord Pleanála (the Irish group which decides who can build things) to build the first Center Parcs in Ireland. The 395-acre resort will be built in Newcastle Wood, a forest near Ballymahon, County Longford. This is in the Republic of Ireland. The resort will be called 'Longford Forest' and will open in the summer of 2019.

paragraphs: In 2003, Scottish & Newcastle sold the sites on the main part of Europe to Pierre & Vacances (P&V) and DBCP, a German investment group. This was called Center Parcs Europe (CPE). P&V owned a big bungalow-holiday-maker, Gran Dorado Resorts, a Dutch company.

paragraphs: CPE was in Rotterdam, Netherlands. The Dutch government did not like the idea of combining Gran Dorado and Center Parcs, because it would be too big. After agreeing to get rid of some beds, CPE sold all but six Gran Dorado Resorts to Landal GreenParks. Six parks were added to CenterParcs: Loohorst (NL), Port Zelande (NL), Zandvoort (NL), Weerterbergen (NL), Hochsauerland (D) and Heilbachsee (D).

paragraphs: In 2006, after the Blackstone Group bought Center Parcs UK plc, Pierre & Vacances said they would sell all of the CPE sites, if they could still run them. In January 2009, Sunparks was made as well as a Center Parcs in Europe, as a version which did not cost as much.

paragraphs: There are now 26 resorts in the Netherlands, France, Belgium, Germany and the UK. None of the villages are the same. Visitors stay in lodges or bungalows, with trees and bushes around them. Park Zandvoort is different - it is in sand dunes. Some resorts have hotel rooms. The first village had swimming pool, shops and restaurants. A dome was made in 1980. It is called Subtropical Swimming Paradise in the UK. It has a swimming pool in it and other water play areas and pools. It is called 'Aqua Mundo' in Europe. Visitors can do lots of things, like go to restaurants, do activities, visit the spas, and go cycling.

paragraphs: Center Parcs UK and Center Parcs Europe has of 26 resorts and 4 Sunparks. There are six new parks being made.

paragraphs: Three Center Parcs sites were sold because they could not be made bigger. They are now part of Landal Greenparks. They are still used:

paragraphs: These things have different names in Europe and the UK:


title: Center Parcs UK

paragraphs: Center Parcs UK is a company which sells short breaks in five holiday villages in the United Kingdom. Each is about of woodland. The company's first village opened at Sherwood Forest, Nottinghamshire, in 1987. Its fifth, at Woburn Forest, Bedfordshire, opened in 2014.

paragraphs: Another company runs in the main part of Europe. It is also called Center Parcs, but the two companies are separate. Center Parcs UK became 30 years old in 2017.

paragraphs: In 1968, a Dutch businessman called Piet Derksen bought woodland near Reuver so that workers and customers of his 17 sporting goods shops could relax in small tents. The park, De Lommerbergen, worked well and tents were replaced by bungalows. In 1987, Center Parcs opened its first UK resort at Sherwood Forest, Nottinghamshire. The brewer Scottish and Newcastle liked this idea and they would buy the company.

paragraphs: In 2001 Scottish and Newcastle sold the Center Parcs UK to venture capitalists Mid Ocean. In 2003 they sold the sites in Europe to France-based Pierre & Vacances (P&V), and German investment group DBCP. The companies have the same name but are not the same company.

paragraphs: In December 2003 Mid Ocean sold the UK resorts to Arbor Ltd for £285 million. Arbor put the company on the London Stock Exchange's Alternative Investment Market. In May 2006 Center Parcs UK was sold to Blackstone Group, and change into a private company. Blackstone changed the name of the European sites to Center Parcs.

paragraphs: In June 2015, it was announced that Blackstone had agreed to sell the company to Canadian-based Brookfield Properties Corporation, for £2.4bn.

paragraphs: The first Center Parcs holiday village in the United Kingdom was opened in July 1987. It was near Ollerton and Boughton in Nottinghamshire and named Sherwood Forest. Two years later a second village was added, at Elveden Forest, near Brandon, Suffolk.

paragraphs: The third park opened in 1994, on the site of Longleat Safari Park near Warminster, Wiltshire. This village has less lodges than Elveden Forest and Sherwood Forest because it is very hilly.

paragraphs: In 1997, the Rank Organisation had opened a holiday village near Penrith, Cumbria. They called it Oasis Lakeland Holiday Village. When Center Parcs UK bought it they changed the name to "Center Parcs Oasis Whinfell Forest". The middle of the village is under a roof, and there is no country club like at Elveden Forest and Sherwood Forest. Center Parcs have changed many Whinfell Forest lodges. They have also added new lodges like the ones at the other parks.

paragraphs: In April 2002, the central plaza and sports centre at Elveden Forest was destroyed by a fire. Nobody was badly injured but one man had to be treated because he inhaled smoke. In the summer of 2003, Elveden Forest reopened. Whilst it was closed, the village was rebuilt in a slightly different design. Some lodges were extended and a spa was built.

paragraphs: The chief executive, Martin Dalby, said that the company might add a fifth village. In December 2004, Center Parcs said that it had found a place for it near a town called Woburn, Bedfordshire. The estimated project cost ten years before construction was about £160 million. New lodges, buildings, a pool, a spa and restaurants were built. It was thought that the project would take between three and four years to complete. In September 2007 the company were allowed to build. In 2012 they got £250 million of investment to build the new resort. It would be called Woburn Forest. It is the smallest Center Parcs UK village and opened in spring 2014.

paragraphs: In 2008, Martin Dalby, the chief executive of Center Parcs UK, said that the new village would be the last village the company built in the UK and that if a sixth village was built it would probably be placed in Ireland.

paragraphs: The sixth village was announced in September 2015. County Longford Forest will be in Ireland and is going to open in the summer of 2019.

paragraphs: Each village has different lodge types. These can have between one and four bedrooms. Sherwood Forest has just built a lodge with 6 bedrooms. They can hold up to 12 people. Some big lodges have a games room and hot tub. Lodges are usually in small groups and are quite private. Elveden Forest doesn't have any lodges with one bedroom. It has Lakeside Apartments instead, for one to two people.

paragraphs: In 2007, Center Parcs began updating all of its lodges. All the beds were replaced. A new kind of 'Woodland Lodge' replaced the old simple lodges to become the least expensive place to stay. The Executive Lodges were also upgraded.

paragraphs: Guests can book and take part in a large amount to do at the villages.


title: Silatech

paragraphs: Silatech (Arabic: صلتک) is a private, international and non-governmental organization in Qatar, founded by Moza bint Nasser in 2008, mother of the current Emir of Qatar. The current CEO of this organization is Sabah Ismail AlHaidoos. Silatech try to create new job for young people (18 to 30 years old) in Arab world by teaching them. By 2016, Silatech has created over than 200,000 jobs for Arab people and Silatech is active in 16 countries. The Founding partners of Silatech include Cisco, Gallup, and ImagineNations.


title: Ballast

paragraphs: A Ballast is a large resistor that regulates the amount of electrical current in a circuit. Most ballasts are used for fluorescent lamps to regulate the current thru it, which might rise to a dangerous level and burn it out.

paragraphs: Ballast is also crushed stone used in railway tracks. See ballast tamper.


title: Frank Holder

paragraphs: Frank Holder (2 April 1925 – 29 October 2017) was a Guyanese jazz singer and percussionist. He was a member of bands led by Leslie George "Jiver" Hutchinson, John Dankworth and Joe Harriott. Holder recorded early in his career for the major record companies Parlophone, Decca and London Records. He was best known for his work in the early 1950s with The Dankworth Seven. He was born in Georgetown, Guyana.

paragraphs: Holder died in Georgetown on 29 October 2017 of congestive heart failure at the age of 92.


title: Kit Harington

paragraphs: Christopher Catesby "Kit" Harington (born 26 December 1986) is an English actor. He played Jon Snow in the Home Box Office television series "Game of Thrones". He was nominated for an Emmy Award in 2016. Harington was born in London. His role is praised for the series.


title: Ufa

paragraphs: Ufa (, ) is the capital city of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. A fortress was built on the site in 1574, and the city was founded in 1586. As of 2010, the city has a population of 1,062,319 people.


title: Nancy Friday

paragraphs: Nancy Colbert Friday (August 27, 1933 – November 5, 2017) was an American author who wrote on the topics of female sexuality and liberation. She was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Her best known works are "My Secret Garden" and "Forbidden Flowers".

paragraphs: Throughout the 1980s and early 1990s she was a frequent guest on television and radio programs such as "Politically Incorrect", "Oprah", "Larry King Live", "Good Morning America", and NPR’s "Talk of the Nation".

paragraphs: Friday died on November 5, 2017 of complications from Alzheimer's disease in Manhattan, New York at the age of 84.


title: Paradise Papers

paragraphs: The Paradise Papers are a set of 13.4 million documents relating to offshore investment. Among those whose financial affairs are mentioned are Queen Elizabeth II, and the last two US Secretaries of Commerce: Penny Pritzker and Wilbur Ross. The documents were made public by the "International Consortium of Investigative Journalists" in collaboration with "Süddeutsche Zeitung". These same two organizations had earlier published the Panama Papers in 2016 from the 2.6 terabytes of data sent by John Doe.

paragraphs: The papers include records from an offshore law firm Appleby, although the company has released a statement stating there has been "no evidence of wrongdoing".

paragraphs: People mentioned in the list are: Queen Elizabeth II, Bono, former Prime Ministers of Canada: Jean Chrétien,

paragraphs: Paul Martin, and Brian Mulroney, U.S. Secretary of State Rex Tillerson, economic advisor Gary Cohn, U.S. Secretary of Commerce Wilbur Ross, son-in-law of Vladimir Putin, Madonna, Paul Allen, President of Colombia Juan Manuel Santos, Jean-Jacques Annaud, Carlos Slim, Chancellor of Austria Alfred Gusenbauer, Prince Charles, President of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko, Prime Minister of Japan Yukio Hatoyama, President of Liberia Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Shakira, Bollywood actor Amitabh Bachchan, Prime Minister of Pakistan Shaukat Aziz, and sons of Prime Minister of Turkey Binali Yıldırım.

paragraphs: Companies also mentioned were Facebook, Apple, Microsoft, EBay, Glencore, Uber, Nike, Walmart, Allianz, Siemens, McDonald's and Yahoo.


title: Sutherland Springs church shooting

paragraphs: On November 5, 2017, a mass shooting took place at the First Baptist Church in Sutherland Springs, Texas.

paragraphs: An armed, male gunman reportedly entered the church around 11:30 am CST and started firing. The shooter was killed after a chase with local law enforcement. At least 27 people were killed including the man who did the shooting. One of the victims was the pastor's 14-year-old daughter. At least 30 people were injured in the shooting.

paragraphs: The shooting is the deadliest mass shooting at a church in U.S. history. More people died than in the Charleston, South Carolina, church shooting in 2015.

paragraphs: President Donald Trump was in Japan at the time of the attack. He tweeted, "May God be w/ the people of Sutherland Springs, Texas. The FBI & law enforcement are on the scene. I am monitoring the situation from Japan."

paragraphs: A few hours after the shooting, it was learned that the shooter was 26-year-old Devin Patrick Kelley. He served in the U.S. Air Force from 2009 to 2013 before being told to leave. For a short time he was an unpaid helper at a Vacation Bible School in Kingsville, Texas.


title: Offshore investment

paragraphs: Offshore investment is when a person invests money in a different country than the country of residence. This is many done to pay less taxes. Differences in legislation may also be a driving force. Very often money laundering is also done in these countries.


title: Paul Manafort

paragraphs: Paul John Manafort Jr. (born April 1, 1949) is an American lobbyist, political consultant, lawyer and convicted felon. He joined Donald Trump's presidential campaign team in March 2016 and served as campaign manager from June to August 2016. He was an adviser to the U.S. presidential campaigns of Republicans Gerald Ford, Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, and Bob Dole.

paragraphs: On August 22, 2018, Manafort was convicted of bank and tax fraud.

paragraphs: In 1980, Manafort co-founded the Washington, D.C.-based lobbying firm Black, Manafort & Stone, along with principals Charles R. Black Jr., and Roger Stone.

paragraphs: Manafort is under investigation by multiple federal agencies. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) has reportedly had an active criminal investigation on him since 2014 regarding business dealings in Ukraine. He is also a person of interest in the FBI counterintelligence probe looking into the Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections led by Robert Mueller.

paragraphs: On October 30, 2017, Manafort surrendered to the FBI after news broke that a federal grand jury had indicted him. They charged Manafort with conspiracy against the United States, conspiracy to launder money, failure to file reports of foreign bank and financial accounts, being an unregistered agent of foreign principal, false and misleading FARA statements, and false statements.

paragraphs: On June 15, 2018, Manafort's bail was revoked and he was sent to jail due to charges of obstruction of justice and witness tampering that is alleged to have occurred while he was under house arrest. He pled not guilty to these additional charges and as of June 2018 is currently awaiting trial.

paragraphs: On Tuesday, August 21, 2018, Manafort was convicted of five counts of tax fraud, two counts of bank fraud and one count of failure to report foreign bank accounts. In total, the jury convicted Manafort on 8 of the 18 counts against him and said it was deadlocked on the other 10 counts (U.S. District Judge T. S. Ellis III declared a mistrial on those charges).


title: Dudley Simpson

paragraphs: Dudley Simpson (4 October 1922 – 4 November 2017) was an Australian composer and conductor. He was born in Melbourne. He was the Principal Conductor of the Royal Opera House orchestra for three years. He was best known for his work as a composer on British television. He worked on the BBC science-fiction series "Doctor Who".

paragraphs: Among his early television work was the music for "Moonstrike" (1963). Simpson also created the theme music for "The Brothers" (1972), "The Tomorrow People" (1973), "Moonbase 3" (1973), "The Ascent of Man" (1973) and "Blake's 7" (1978). He also composed music for many plays from the BBC Television Shakespeare series.

paragraphs: Simpson died on 4 November 2017 at the age of 95.


title: Dionatan Teixeira

paragraphs: Dionatan do Nascimento Teixeira (24 July 1992 – 5 November 2017) was a professional footballer. He played as a centre-back. He was best known for playing for Stoke City F.C. from 2014 to 2017.

paragraphs: On 5 November 2017 Teixeira suffered a fatal heart attack in Londrina, Brazil at the age of 25.