title: Frances Crowe

paragraphs: Frances Crowe (March 15, 1919 – August 27, 2019) was an American peace activist and pacifist. She was born in Carthage, Missouri. In 1967, during the Vietnam War, she worked as a draft counselor.

paragraphs: Crowe was known for her works in the movement against nuclear power and for safe energy in New England since the 1970s and was one of 1414 people arrested at the occupation of the Seabrook nuclear power plant construction site in April, 1977.

paragraphs: Crow died on August 27, 2019 at her in Northampton, Massachusetts of heart failure at the age of 100.


title: The Shape of Water

paragraphs: The Shape of Water is a 2017 American fantasy drama movie directed by Guillermo del Toro and written by del Toro and Vanessa Taylor. The movie stars Sally Hawkins, Michael Shannon, Richard Jenkins, Doug Jones, Michael Stuhlbarg, and Octavia Spencer. It is set in Baltimore in 1962, the plot is about a mute custodian at a high-security government laboratory who becomes friends with a captured humanoid-amphibian creature.

paragraphs: Many critics declared "The Shape of Water" del Toro's best movie since "Pan's Labyrinth", praising in particular Hawkins's performance.

paragraphs: The movie won two Golden Globes for Best Director and Best Original Score. At the 71st British Academy Film Awards, the movie received 12 nominations, winning Best Movie. The movie won the Academy Award for Best Picture in 2018.

paragraphs: "The Shape of Water" began a limited release in two theaters in New York City on December 1, 2017, before expanding on December 8, 2017, and has grossed $34 million.


title: Oxalaia

paragraphs: Oxalaia was a large predatory dinosaur. It lived during the Upper Cretaceous of what is now Brazil, sometime between 100.5 to 93.9 million years ago. "Oxalaia" is known only from two bones of the skull, which were discovered in 1999. The animal was named in 2011 by a group of Brazilian palaeontologists.

paragraphs: It was a member of the Spinosauridae family, a group of crocodile-like theropod dinosaurs. Like other spinosaurids, "Oxalaia" had a long nose or snout with jaws and teeth shaped to feed on fish. "Oxalaia"'s habitat was tropical, an area of large forests around which were dry deserts. "Oxalaia" shared this environment with many other animals, most of which are also known from other Cretaceous fossils discovered in Africa.

paragraphs: In 1999, two fossil bones of "Oxalaia" were found in rocks on an island in the Northeast Region of Brazil. This part of the island gets covered up by the sea at high tide. Because of the action of the waves which cause erosion, the fossils were almost lost. Hundreds of other fossil teeth were also found at the same place.

paragraphs: The full name of the dinosaur is "Oxalaia quilombensis". The animal was named by Brazilian palaeontologists Alexander Kellner, Elaine Machado, Sergio Azevedo, Deise Henriques, and Luciana Carvalho. The first part of the dinosaur's name (the genus) comes from an African god. The second part of the name (the species) comes from the "quilombos", a group of Brazilian towns.

paragraphs: In 2011 the discovery of "Oxalaia" was presented at the Brazilian Academy of Sciences. Machado said that people are interested in spinosaurids: because of how different they are from other carnivorous dinosaurs, and because they are known by the public through the "Jurassic Park" movies.

paragraphs: Only two pieces of bone are known from "Oxalaia." The first is the tip of its snout, called the premaxilla bone. The second is a piece of its left maxilla, or main upper jaw bone. The two pieces were put on display in the National Museum of Brazil in 2011. The museum was burnt down in a large fire in 2018, and the "Oxalaia" fossils may have been destroyed.

paragraphs: "Oxalaia" is the third spinosaurid named from Brazil so far. The other two are "Irritator" and "Angaturama" (which might be the same animal as "Irritator"). These two animals are known from another part of Brazil, and lived nine to six million years before "Oxalaia".

paragraphs: To estimate its size, "Oxalaia"'s skull bones were compared with those of its close relative, "Spinosaurus". "Oxalaia" was probably long, and likely weighed . This makes it the largest known carnivorous dinosaur from Brazil.

paragraphs: The tip of "Oxalaia"'s snout, called the premaxilla, was long. "Oxalaia"'s complete skull was probably long. This is shorter than the skull of "Spinosaurus," which was long"."

paragraphs: The front of "Oxalaia"'s upper jaw was spoon-shaped, or larger at its front end than at its rear end. The bottom of the snout tip was curved inwards. This shape would have joined with the lower jaw, or mandible, which was also spoon-shaped. The roof of "Oxalaia"'s mouth had a very complex and bony surface, called a secondary palate. This structure made the upper jaw more sturdy, so it would bend less when feeding. The fossil snout preserves broad and deep holes. These probably contained blood vessels and nerves.

paragraphs: The snout of "Oxalaia" had seven tooth sockets on each side. It had one tooth in each socket, and there were two teeth underneath to replace it if it fell out. This feature is common in sharks, but not in most theropod dinosaurs. "Oxalaia"'s teeth were also oval in cross section, instead of flattened somewhat sideways like in most theropods.

paragraphs: "Oxalaia" is more closely related to the African than Brazilian members of its family. "Oxalaia", "Irritator", "Angaturama", "Ichthyovenator", and "Spinosaurus" are the only known dinosaurs from their clade that don't have knife-like (or serrated) teeth. This places them in their own subfamily, called the Spinosaurinae"."

paragraphs: "Oxalaia" can be separated from "Spinosaurus" by differences between their jaw bones"." For example: "Oxalaia" had a rounder snout, and more closely spaced teeth than "Spinosaurus". "Oxalaia"'s two replacement teeth per socket, and less smooth secondary palate, also make it unique among the other known spinosaurs.

paragraphs: The cladogram below shows "Oxalaia"'s relationship with other spinosaurids. It is from a study by Marcos Sales and Cesar Schultz:

paragraphs: Spinosaurids likely spent most of their time near or in water, feeding mostly on aquatic animals like fish. This way, they would avoid competing with other large predatory dinosaurs. Fossil evidence shows that spinosaurs sometimes also ate pterosaurs and small dinosaurs.

paragraphs: The cone-shaped teeth of "Oxalaia" were built for impaling prey, instead of cutting flesh like those of most theropod dinosaurs. "Oxalaia"'s nostrils were placed far back on the head. This was probably to avoid water getting inside its nostrils when fishing. Both of these features were unique to spinosaurid dinosaurs, and were useful for catching and feeding on fish. The spoon-shaped front jaws and piercing teeth of spinosaurs worked as an efficient fish trap. This trait is also seen in the Indian gharial—the most fish-eating of modern crocodilians.

paragraphs: "Oxalaia" is known from the Alcântara Formation, a geological formation in northeastern Brazil. This formation dates to the Upper Cretaceous Period, sometime between 100.5 to 93.9 million years ago. Back then, the environment of the formation had a wet climate. There were large tropical forests made of plants like conifer trees, ferns, and horsetails. These forests were surrounded by an arid, or dry, landscape.

paragraphs: "Oxalaia" shared this habitat with many different kinds of animals. Other dinosaurs found in the formation included giant carnivores like "Carcharodontosaurus", and perhaps "Spinosaurus". Smaller predators lived there too, such as dromaeosaurids, and an animal very similar to "Masiakasaurus". There were also large sauropods, a group of herbivorous (plant-eating) dinosaurs. Fish found in the formation included bony fish, ray-finned fish, and lungfish. There were also giant coelacanths and sawfishes. Besides dinosaurs, there were other reptiles, like pterosaurs and crocodilians. Fossils of snakes and molluscs have also been found.

paragraphs: The fauna from the Upper Cretaceous of Brazil is very similar to that of Morocco and Egypt during the same time period. This is because South America and Africa used to be connected, in a giant supercontinent called Gondwana.


title: Ichthyovenator

paragraphs: Ichthyovenator was a meat-eating theropod dinosaur. It was from the Early Cretaceous, about 113 to 125 million years ago. Its fossils were found in Laos in 2010. "Ichthyovenator" was a spinosaurid, they were crocodile-like dinosaurs that ate fish.

paragraphs: It is one of three spinosaurids found in Asia, the other two are Siamosaurus, and "Sinopliosaurus" fusuiensis.

paragraphs: The first parts of the skeleton were found in 2010. They include: One rib, part of the animal's backbones (or vertebra), and most hip bones. They did not find the skull.

paragraphs: The only known species is "Ichthyovenator laosensis." It was named and described by Ronan Allain and his colleagues in 2012. It was found in the Grès supérieurs Formation.

paragraphs: The name "Ichthyovenator" comes from the Greek word for "fish" and the Latin word for "hunter", The name refers to the fact that it ate fish. The species name is "laosensis", because it lived in what is now Laos.

paragraphs: While "Ichthyovenator" was being described, paleontologists were still digging up more of its bones.

paragraphs: Ronan Allain was one of "Ichthyovenator's" original describers. In 2014, he mentioned that more of "Icthyovenator's" skeleton was dug up in 2012. He wrote this in the Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. These new bones include: several teeth, a hip bone, most neck bones, and a few back and tail bones. The description of the new bones has not been officially published.

paragraphs: In 2015, some of "Ichthyovenator's" bones were compared to the ones of "Sigilmassasaurus. Sigilmassasaurus" is another spinosaurid.

paragraphs: Paleontologists estimate "Ichthyovenator" was about long. That's about as big as Baryonyx, one of its close relatives.

paragraphs: It had a half-meter sail or hump on its back, similar to "Suchomimus", or "Spinosaurus". Ichthyovenator's sail was unusual because it was split in two at the hips. Scientists don't know why it was like that.

paragraphs: "Ichthyovenator" was first classified as a spinosaurid, inside the subfamily baryonychinae. This is the same subfamily that includes "Baryonyx" and "Suchomimus".

paragraphs: In 2014 it was found that "Ichthyovenator" was part of the subfamily spinosaurinae instead. This was because of specific features on its teeth, and because its backbones look much like the ones of "Sigilmassasaurus".

paragraphs: Some sources say "Ichthyovenator" might not have been a spinosaurid. They say it may have been a sail-backed carcharodontosaurid, and that it was related to "Concavenator". But this hypothesis has not been published in an academic place.

paragraphs: The diagram below is called a cladogram. It shows how "Ichthyovenator" is related to other dinosaurs in its family tree. This cladogram is by Allain "et al." (2012):


title: Trần Đức Lương

paragraphs: Trần Đức Lương (born May 5, 1936) is a former Vietnamese politician and President of Vietnam from 1997 to 2006.

paragraphs: Trần Đức Lương became member of the Communist Party of Vietnam on 1959 in Hanoi. And became a functionary of the party in 1970. Trần Đức Lương was Deputy Prime Minister of Vietnam from August 1987 to Februray 1997. And became member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam in June 1996.


title: Phan Văn Khải

paragraphs: Phan Văn Khải (; December 25, 1933 – March 17, 2018) was a Vietnamese politician and was the 5th Prime Minister of Vietnam from 1997 to 2006.

paragraphs: Phan Văn Khải died in Ho Chi Minh City on March 17, 2018 at the age of 84.


title: Your Name (album)

paragraphs: The album was certified for gold by the Recording Industry Association of Japan because it sold over 100 000 copies.


title: Nguyễn Thị Bình

paragraphs: Nguyễn Thị Bình (born Nguyễn Châu Sa; 26 May 1927) is a Vietnamese communist leader. She negotiated at the Paris Peace Conference on behalf of the Viet Cong, or National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam. She was born in Saigon.

paragraphs: During the Vietnam War, she became a member of the Vietcong's Central Committee and a vice-chairperson of the South Vietnamese Women's Liberation Association.


title: Andrés Manuel López Obrador

paragraphs: Andrés Manuel López Obrador (; born 13 November 1953), also known as AMLO, is a Mexican left-wing politician. He is the 58th and current President of Mexico since 1 December 2018. He held the position of Head of Government of the Federal District from 2000 to 2005, before resigning in July 2005 to become a candidate in the 2006 presidential election, he lost the election.

paragraphs: López Obrador was a candidate in the 2012 presidential election representing a coalition of the PRD, Labor Party and Citizens' Movement. He finished second with 31.59% of the vote. He announced his resignation from the PRD on September 9, 2012.

paragraphs: He is the leader of the National Regeneration Movement (MORENA) and is the party's pre-candidate for the 2018 presidential race. He is the current frontrunner for the 2018 presidential elections. He was elected President in a landslide victory on July 1, 2018 winning almost 54% of the vote.


title: David Coventry

paragraphs: David Henry Halford Coventry (born 2 October 1969) was born in Wellington, New Zealand and is an author and musician. His first novel, "The Invisible Mile" (2015), was the winner of the 2016 Hubert Church Award for Fiction,  and finalist for both the Ockham New Zealand Book Award and the Sports Book Awards in the United Kingdom. His work has been compared to Don DeLillo, Toni Morrisson, Thomas Mann.

paragraphs: Coventry went to the Hutt Valley High School from 1983 to 1986. He then studied at the Victoria University of Wellington, for a degree in English Literature and Religious Studies, and a Honours Degree in English Literature (2001) and a Masters in Creative Writing from the International Institute of Modern Letters (2010). He lives in Wellington, New Zealand.

paragraphs: His novel, "The Invisible Mile", is set during the 1928 Tour de France. It was described in the Sydney Morning Herald as its pick of the week: "David Coventry's poetic odyssey relates ... with symbolic force and poetic finesse." The New York Times included it in its book of the week section.  David Coventry is among the best New Zealand authors.

paragraphs: In an interview Coventry said: "The book is not trying to be a metaphor for the war, but for remembering the war." The novel creates its own legends around the riders and pays homage to ancestral competitors.

paragraphs: Coventry was the 2015 winner of the Todd New Writer's Bursary. He was a guest at the 2016 Edinburgh International Book Festival, the International Festival of Authors in Toronto (2017), the New Zealand Festival's Writer's Week (2016), the Auckland Writers Festival (2016), and the Nelson Arts Festival (2016).

paragraphs: As a sound engineer he has produced works for the experimental groups Thela, La Gloria and Empirical He also played in the groups La Gloria and Empirical.


title: Shanghai Water Gate Museum

paragraphs: The Shanghai Water Gate Museum is a museum in Shanghai, China. It lets people see a water gate from the old path of the Wusong River (today's Suzhou Creek) from 700 years ago. It is free. It is open every day from 9 am to 4:30 pm.

paragraphs: The gate itself is an important historical and cultural place protected by China's national government.

paragraphs: The museum's full name the . Its Chinese name is the "Shánghǎi Yuándài Shuǐzhá Yízhǐ Bówùguǎn". It is written as in the older writing used on Hong Kong and Taiwan and in the easier writing used on the mainland.

paragraphs: The museum is at 619 West Yanchang Road in Shanghai's Putuo District. It's at the corner of West Yangchang and Zhidan Roads.

paragraphs: Ren Renfa and his workers built the water gate on the Wusong River around 1300 during the Yuan Dynasty. Today, Suzhou Creek is small and less important than the Huangpu River, but it used to be bigger and more important for all the cities between Suzhou and the East China Sea. Dirt and sand in the river ("silt") slowly made it narrower and narrower. People built the water gate to help stop and wash away some of the dirt. The river changed its path to the south, the old gate became covered with dirt, and people forgot where it was.

paragraphs: Workers found the water gate in May 2001 while they were building new apartment buildings in the area. Once they understood that the stone their machines hit was a very old building, archaeologists came to look at it. The archaeologists started digging in January 2004 and finished in May 2006.

paragraphs: Workers started building the museum in November 2009 and finished on December 31st, 2012.


title: Bryson Tiller

paragraphs: Bryson Djuan Tiller (born January 3, 1993), is an American singer, songwriter, and rapper from Louisville, Kentucky. He he started his career in 2011, releasing the debut mixtape titled "Killer Instinct Vol.1". In 2015, Tiller signed a record deal with RCA Records. In October of the same year, Tiller released his first album, "Trapsoul". His sophomore album, "True to Self", was released in May 2017.


title: Bond energy

paragraphs: Bond energy calculations is defined as the measure of bond strength in a chemical bond. IUPAC defines bond energy as the average value of the gas-phase bond dissociation energies (usually at a temperature of 298 K) for all bonds of the same type within the same chemical species.


title: Phạm Văn Đồng

paragraphs: Phạm Văn Đồng (1 March 1906 – 29 April 2000) was the first Prime Minister of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam since 1976 until his retirement in 1987. Prior to that he had served as the Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam from 1955 to 1976. He was the longest serving Vietnamese Prime Minister (1955-1987). He was the student and associate of President Hồ Chí Minh

paragraphs: .His nickname was Tô which was once his alias.


title: Lê Duẩn

paragraphs: Lê Duẩn (7 April 1907 – 10 July 1986) was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam from 1969 until his death in 1986. Lê Duẩn participated in the formation of the Communist Party of Vietnam, in 1930. During the French colonial rule, he was imprisoned in 1931-36 and 1940-45. Then until 1957 he served as leader of the Communist Party's Sector Section, and became General Secretary in 1960, thus leading the party after Ho Chi Minh. He continued Hồ Chí Minh's policy of ruling through collective leadership. and helped to formulate the party's policy for the development of the socialist economy.


title: Shilpa Anand

paragraphs: Shilpa Anand (Now Ohanna Shivanand) is an Indian model, television and movie actress, who has appeared in Tamil,Telugu,Kannada and Hindi movies and worked in many commercials as a model. She is best known for her roles as Dr. Riddhima Gupta in the serial Dill Mill Gayye opposite Karan Singh Grover She also played the role of Dr. Shilpa Malhotra in "Dill Mill Gayye" on fans demand. she was born on 10 December 1982 in South Africa and did her schooling there. Her parents were from India, and Later she moved there with her family. In 2015 she changed her name to Ohanna Shivanand. She is the younger sister of Sakshi Shivanand, who is an actress from South India. She studied at Punjab University, obtaining a Masters in Computer Applications (MCA), from 2000 to 2003. She worked as a software developer for five years, with Java J2EE application development and E-Learning.

paragraphs: Anand was nominated at several Awards ceremonies in 'Best Actress' category for her role Dr. Riddhima Gupta in the show Dill Mill Gayye such as New Talent Awards in 2008. She won the award alongside Karan Singh Grover for the best on-screen couple in August 2008.


title: Sinclair Lewis

paragraphs: Harry Sinclair Lewis was a writer who became the first American to win a Nobel Prize.


title: Võ Văn Kiệt

paragraphs: Võ Văn Kiệt (23 November 1922 – 11 June 2008) was a Vietnamese politician who was Prime Minister of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam from 8 August 1991 until 25 September 1997. He has been praised by the media as having promoted the process of Đổi mới and policy reform in Vietnam since 1986. He was the master engineer of many of the bold projects of the Đổi mới period.


title: Đổi mới

paragraphs: Đổi mới is the official title given to the current economic system in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. It is described as a multisectoral market economy, where the state sector plays a crucial role in managing economic development with the possible long-term goal of developing socialism.

paragraphs: The socialist-oriented market economy is a product of Đổi mới economic reforms, which led to the replacement of the centrally planned economy with a market-based mixed economy based on state-owned industry. These reforms were implemented to allow Vietnam to participate in the global market economy.

paragraphs: Đổi mới-economic reforms were initiated by the Communist Party of Vietnam in 1986 during the party's sixth national congress. These reforms allowed private ownership of small businesses together with state-owned and collectively-owned companies. In addition, these reforms also played a greater role in market forces in order to coordinate economic activity between companies and public authorities.


title: Camila (album)

paragraphs: Camila is the debut solo album by Cuban American singer Camila Cabello. She was previously a member of the girl group Fifth Harmony. The album was released on January 12, 2018.

paragraphs: "Camila" entered the US "Billboard" 200 album chart at number one, with 119,000 copies and streaming units sold in its first week. It reached number one in the same week as the single "Havana". As a result, she became only the third artist in history to have their first album and one of its singles both reach number one in the same week. Only Beyoncé and Britney Spears have done this before.


title: Gert Brauer

paragraphs: Gert Brauer (September 7, 1955 – January 1, 2018) was an East German footballer. He played 270 Oberliga matches in East Germany. He was born in Ronneburg, East Germany (nowadays in Thuringia).

paragraphs: Three of his four international matches for East Germany where part of the UEFA Euro 1980 qualifying.


title: Yves Afonso

paragraphs: Yves Philippe Afonso (13 February 1944 – 21 January 2018) was a French actor. He was born in Saulieu in the Côte-d'Or "département".

paragraphs: His first movie was "Masculin, féminin" in 1966. Since then, he had many roles, both in movies and on television. He also played in theatre. He normally played supporting roles. He was perhaps best known for his role as Inspector Bricard in "L'Horloger de Saint-Paul", and the black comedy "Week End", where he played Tom Thumb.

paragraphs: Afonso died at his home in Saulieu at the age of 73.


title: Jimmy Armfield

paragraphs: James Christopher Armfield, CBE, DL (21 September 1935 – 22 January 2018) was an English professional football player and manager. He worked as a football pundit for BBC Radio Five Live.

paragraphs: Armfield played the whole of his Football League career at Blackpool, usually at right back. Between 1954 and 1971 he played 627 games in all competitions, scored six goals, and spent a decade as the club's captain. He also represented the England national team 43 times between 1959 and 1966, and captained them in 15 games.

paragraphs: Armfield died of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in Blackpool, Lancashire on 22 January 2018 at the age of 82.


title: Ferdinand Saussure

paragraphs: Ferdinand Saussure (1857-1913) is considered a founding father of modern day linguistics and semiotics. Semiotics is the study of how we attach meaning to the world around us and how we communicate that meaning to others.

paragraphs: 1857- Saussure was born in Geneva, Switzerland.

paragraphs: 1870s- Saussure studied Sanskrit, Latin and Ancient Greek at the University of Geneva.

paragraphs: 1876-1880- Saussure studies historical linguistics in the German cities of Leipzig and Berlin.

paragraphs: 1880- Saussure received his doctorate in Leipzig. He moved to Paris to become a professor in historical linguistics.

paragraphs: 1891- Saussure accepted the title of “Chevalier of the Legion of Honor” after teaching for 11 years in Paris, at the École Pratique des Hautes Études. He returned to Geneva, accepting a job as a professor.

paragraphs: 1907-1911- For three years in a row, Saussure holds a lecture series about general linguistics.

paragraphs: 1916- Saussure’s students put together notes from the lectures and publish them in a book called "Cours de linguistique générale" or "Course on General Linguistics"

paragraphs: Saussure was a professor in historical linguistics, which is concerned with how languages relate to each other and how they change over time. This interest in how language changes over time can be called diachrony. Saussure was more interested in synchrony, which doesn’t change over time. This means he looked at the parts of a language, as if they didn’t change. Saussure studied the structure of language without comparing it to other languages and without focusing on change.

paragraphs: Saussure distinguished two different parts of language, "langue" and "parole". "Langue" is the system of the language or the theory of the language. When we learn a language in school we are learning the “langue” of the language: vocabulary words, grammatical structures, the order of words, etc. "Parole" is how the language is actually spoken. Often times, people speak in a way that is different from how language is taught in schools. We make mistakes, use slang words, and use figurative language. This is all part of parole. Saussure was more interested in studying the langue of a language. Parole was harder to study because the language people speak changes often. Studying the langue allowed Saussure to understand the basic structure of language.

paragraphs: Saussure wanted to know how people communicate language with each other. In his “Course in General Linguistics”, Saussure first defines language and how it is involved in speech.

paragraphs: Many different factors work together to create language.

paragraphs: To summarize, Saussure describes language as our ability to represent meaning by using signs (the words themselves and the way they sound when spoken). In the process of communicating with another individual, language can be found in the process of taking meaning from the words that we hear (which make up an “auditory image”). This process is psychological, while producing signs is the physiological process of speech. To study language, we focus on the psychological process.

paragraphs: Language is studied apart from speech. It does not exist among one person but among the community of people that use it. Each member of the community shares a knowledge of the language but cannot change the system of the language individually. Language as a stable system can be studied scientifically, which is the goal of linguistics.

paragraphs: Saussure also focuses on the arbitrary nature of signs.This means that a word and the sounds that make up a word don’t tell us anything about word means. For example, the word “dog” doesn’t tell us about what a dog is. The letters and sounds chosen are not special.  Most words are chosen in this way. A small amount of words are not. For example in the word “slap”, the letters sound like the noise you hear when you slap something. The arbitrary nature of sounds allows us to make many words. If every letter had a single meaning, then we could only create a small number of words with that letter.


title: Sherry Ortner

paragraphs: Sherry Beth Ortner (born September 19, 1941) is an American cultural anthropologist and has been a Distinguished Professor of Anthropology at UCLA since 2004.

paragraphs: Ortner grew up in a Jewish family in Newark, New Jersey, and attended Weequahic High School, as did Philip Roth and Richie Roberts. She received her B.A. from Bryn Mawr College in 1962. She then studied anthropology at the University of Chicago with Clifford Geertz and obtained her Ph.D. in anthropology in 1970 for her fieldwork among the Sherpas in Nepal. She has taught at Sarah Lawrence College, the University of Michigan, the University of California, Berkeley, Columbia University, and finally the University of California, Los Angeles, where she currently teaches.


title: Jane Wagner

paragraphs: Jane Wagner (born February 26, 1935) is an American writer, director, stage actor and producer. She was born in Morristown, Tennessee. Wagner is best known as Lily Tomlin's comedy writer, collaborator and wife. She is the author of "The Search for Signs of Intelligent Life in the Universe", "The Incredible Shrinking Woman" and other Tomlin vehicles.


title: Bruno Giacosa

paragraphs: Bruno Giacosa (1929 – 21 January 2018) was an Italian wine producer. He was born in the village Neive in Piemonte. He produced a number of Barbaresco and Barolo wines, as well as bottlings of Arneis, Barbera, Dolcetto and a sparkling wine. Giacosa was considered a traditionalist. He has been described as the "Genius of Neive".

paragraphs: Giacosa died at his home in Alba, Piemonte of complications from a stroke on 21 January 2018 at the age of 88.


title: United States federal government shutdown of 2018

paragraphs: A shutdown of the United States federal government began at midnight EST on Saturday, January 20, 2018, after a failure to pass a legislation funding bill for government operations and agencies and ended on Monday, January 22, 2018.

paragraphs: The shutdown was caused from disputes over the status of protection of persons affected by the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) immigration policy, and therefore whether those covered under the program should face deportation. There was also a dispute over whether funding should be funded towards building a Mexico–United States border wall, a keystone policy during Donald Trump's presidential campaign.

paragraphs: This is the first shutdown in United States history to occur while both chambers of Congress as well as the White House are controlled by the same party (in this case, the Republican party). The 2018 shutdown began when the Senate failed to approve a House-passed bill to keep the government open. The shutdown began on the first anniversary of Donald Trump taking office.


title: Spinosauridae

paragraphs: Spinosauridae (meaning 'spined lizards') is a family of carnivorous theropod dinosaurs from the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. They are unique among other meat-eating dinosaurs from their more water-based lifestyle, which involved a diet of mostly fish. Spinosaurid fossils have been found all over the world, including Asia, South America, Europe, Africa, and Australia.

paragraphs: Spinosaurids had longer arms than most theropods, the claw on the first finger was usually the largest. They evolved jaws like those of crocodiles, and their teeth were long and cone-shaped, made to trap prey in their mouths instead of tearing them apart. Because of this, their teeth usually did not have the strong knife-like edges (called serrations) of a lot of other meat-eating dinosaurs.

paragraphs: The family contains Spinosaurus, the first spinosaurid discovered, and the largest carnivorous dinosaur we know of. Paleontologists suggest it might have reached up to 15 meters (49 ft.) in length.

paragraphs: A study made in 2010 by Roman Amiot and his colleagues found that spinosaurids had very semiaquatic (living partly in water, and partly on land) lifestyles, this means they lived in habitats like those of hippopotamuses, crocodiles, and turtles, making them very unusual compared to other theropods. It also means they could exist at the same time and place as other large predators without competing for food. For example; Carcharodontosaurus, which lived at the same time as Sigilmassasaurus and Spinosaurus, did not need to fight with either of those animals for prey; those spinosaurids ate fish, while Carcharodontosaurus was on land most of the time, hunting smaller dinosaurs.

paragraphs: The family "Spinosauridae" was named by the German paleontologist Ernst Stromer in 1915, he was the one that discovered the first genus in the group, "Spinosaurus". And as scientists discovered more fossils of its close relatives, the family was eventually split into two subfamilies: Baryonychinae, and Spinosaurinae. This was done because of differences in the anatomy of their skulls and teeth.

paragraphs: This is a cladogram made in 2017 showing the relationships between different spinosaurids inside of megalosauroidea.


title: Romana Acosta Bañuelos

paragraphs: Romana Acosta Bañuelos (March 20, 1925 – January 15, 2018) was an American public servant. She was the thirty-fourth Treasurer of the United States. She was appointed by President Richard Nixon on September 20, 1971. She served from December 17, 1971 to February 14, 1974.


title: Mary Ellen Withrow

paragraphs: Mary Ellen Hinamon Withrow (born October 2, 1930) is an American public servant. She was the 40th Treasurer of the United States from March 1, 1994 to January 20, 2001 under President Bill Clinton.

paragraphs: She also was Treasurer when the $5, $10, $20, $50, and $100 notes were redesigned in the 1990s.


title: Pathet Lao

paragraphs: Pathet Lao was a political and communist movement in Laos that was established in the mid-20th century. The organization eventually succeeded in gaining the highest power in Laos after an internal war. war or revolution (against the French and American) that lasted from the 1950s to 1975. The organization had very close relationship with the Vietnamese communists. During the Indochina War, the organization was effectively organized, supported and equipped by the Democratic Republic of Vietnam.


title: Battle of Route Coloniale 4

paragraphs: Battle of Route Coloniale 4 was a campaign in the First Indochina War carried out by the Việt Minh Army from 16 September to 17 October 1950 to break the isolation of the Việt Bắc base, clear the Vietnam-China border Bridge to receive aid. Another objective was to expand the base and destroy some of the French garrison force, experimenting with tactics for the People's Army of Vietnam at that time with little experience in combat.

paragraphs: In 1949 the French Army was still unable to advance into the Việt Bắc area. The control of the Northern Delta was slow but unstable. Việt Minh gradually reorganized its apparatus and forces, and began organizing large-scale battles against French forces.During the five years of the war against the French in isolation, the Việt Minh actively expanded relations to seek international support. On October 1 1949 the People's Republic of China was established and quickly recognized and established diplomatic relations with the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. Then on January 18, 1950 the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries recognized and established diplomatic relations with the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. The prestige and military capabilities of the Việt Minh Front are growing in the people.

paragraphs: During the same five years, the Việt Minh also adopted overseas Vietnamese organizations in France and left-leaning organizations to fight politics strongly influencing the French people's rising resistance to Indochina War. France fell into an unprecedented political crisis. The Vietnamese State lacked credibility among the people as a puppet government, and its army was too weak to cooperate with French troops in Indochina to win the war. The French government was forced to take into account the US government's plan to accept economic and military aid to pursue the war.

paragraphs: However, after five years of war French troops in Indochina became more and more bogged down in defense. In addition, although the development of the native force, but the quality and the fighting spirit is low it is almost impossible to undertake military tasks instead of the French.


title: Gulberg, Lahore

paragraphs: Gulberg ) is an administrative town (tehsil) in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. It is also a union council (UC 97). It has gained importance as a commercial area.


title: Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals

paragraphs: The Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) was an American immigration policy that allowed some individuals who entered the country as minors, and had either entered or remained in the country illegally, to receive a renewable two-year period of deferred action from deportation and to be eligible for a work permit.

paragraphs: As of 2017, about 800,000 individuals—referred to as Dreamers after the DREAM Act bill—were enrolled in the program created by DACA. The policy was established by the Obama Administration in June 2012 and rescinded by the Trump Administration in September 2017. In November 2014 President Barack Obama announced his intention to expand DACA to cover additional illegal immigrants. But multiple states immediately sued to prevent the expansion, which was ultimately blocked by the courts.


title: Niles, Illinois

paragraphs: Niles is a village in Maine and Niles townships, Cook County, Illinois, United States. The 2010 population from the U.S. Census Bureau was 29,803.

paragraphs: The current mayor of Niles is Andrew Przybylo.


title: Siamosaurus

paragraphs: Siamosaurus (meaning 'Siamese lizard') is a carnivorous theropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of Thailand. It is only known from fossil teeth, so paleontologists don't know much about its size, but it might have reached a length of 9.1 meters (30 ft). The teeth that were discovered looked a lot like those of Spinosaurus, so it probably ate fish.

paragraphs: A study made in 2010 by Roman Amiot and his colleagues compared the teeth of spinosaurids like "", "", "Siamosaurus", and "" to other meat-eating dinosaurs. They found that spinosaurids had very semiaquatic (living partly in water, and partly on land) lifestyles. This means they lived in habitats like those of hippopotamuses, crocodiles, and turtles. It also means they could exist at the same time and place as other large predators without competing for food.


title: Cristatusaurus

paragraphs: Cristatusaurus was a carnivorous theropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of West Africa. Its fossils look very similar to the ones from "Baryonyx" and "Suchomimus."

paragraphs: The first specimens were found in Niger in 1973 by a french paleontologist named Philippe Taquet. The name of the animal refers to the latin word for crest, ""crista"," because it had a crest on its snout. The species ""lapparenti"" is named after another french paleontologist called Albert-Félix de Lapparent. The fossils discovered so far include two broken snout bones, some pieces from the upper and lower jaws, a claw, and four backbones (also called <nowiki>"vertebrae"). Scientists aren'</nowiki>t sure if "Cristatusaurus" is a new species, some of them say it could be the same dinosaur as "Suchomimus" or "Baryonyx."


title: Al-Qassim Region

paragraphs: Al-Qassim Region (, Minṭaqat al-Qaṣīm [ælqɑˈsˤiːm]) is one of the thirteen administrative regions of Saudi Arabia. It has a population of 1,370,727. It has an area of . It is known to be the "alimental basket" of the country, for its agricultural assets. Al-Qassim is the richest region per capita in Saudi Arabia. It is the seventh most populated region in the country after Jizan. It is the fifth most densely populated region. Its capital city is Buraydah,


title: Eric Wiebes

paragraphs: Eric Derk Wiebes (born March 12, 1963 in Delft) is a Dutch politician. He is a member of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD).

paragraphs: He has been minister of Economic Affairs and Environment in the Third Rutte cabinet since October 26, 2017.

paragraphs: Wiebes studied mechanical engineering at Delft University of Technology, and obtained a Master of Business Administration at INSEAD.

paragraphs: He worked at Royal Dutch Shell, McKinsey & Company, OC&C Strategy Consultants, and at the Ministry of Economic Affairs.

paragraphs: He was an alderman of Amsterdam from 2010 to 2014, and deputy minister of Finance in the Second Rutte cabinet from 2014 to 2017.


title: APEX flight academy

paragraphs: The APEX flight academy based in Taitung Airport, Taiwan, is a flight school started in 2014.

paragraphs: Known because it is the first and only school approved by the Civil Aviation Authority in Taiwan. It has aircrafts and flight simulators.

paragraphs: In 2018, the school signed an partnership deal with the French Civil Aviation University to conduct EASA certified trainings.


title: General Santos City

paragraphs: General Santos City or General Santos, also known former named as Dadiangas, is the tuna capital of the Philippines, located at Southern Central Mindanao in Soccsksargen region, its classified as a highly urbanized city in present, Its certain ranges from generally flat with scattered hills and isolated mountains in neighboring South Cotabato and Sarangani province, General Santos is a independent city from South Cotabato, it is geographically but with in of province, Gensan is likewise bounded by South Cotabato and Saragani.

paragraphs: General Santos City celebrates the "Kalilangan Festival" every month of February "Kalilangan" It is a social gathering marked by exchanging of amenities among traditional leaders, elders, allies, and subordinates in varying tones, The Tuna Festival is also celebrates in Month 5th of September, mean named "Tuna Capital of the Philippines, The Pacquiao Mansion is one of the place often visit in this city. People usually take of pictures in the front f Pacquiao's mansion, Another place to go also the Plaza Heneral it is actually big rutonda in the city it is the front the city hall. And you will find also a big monument dedicated to whom this twon is named by General Paulino Santos born from Camiling, Tarlac, One place you should not miss this tuna fish port located at Brgy. Tambler, this port is the most modern fisgh port in Mindanao, its just not Mindanao, to be the whole in Philippines.

paragraphs: Dedicated to this name, Gen. Paulino Santos is placed meter on a 4.8 hectare land owned by the government of Philippines. People from different walks of life can enjoy in park day and night.

paragraphs: Buses, and modern services vehicle are served in this city, also in air transportation, The "General Santos International Airport", stylized named as "General Santos City Airport". Hub airline for Philippine Airlines, Cebu Pacific, AirAsia and others.


title: Vietnam People's Public Security

paragraphs: Vietnam People's Public Security is the key armed force of the Communist Party of Vietnam and the state of Socialist Republic of Vietnam as the core and shock in the cause of protecting national security and maintaining the order and safety of the commune. Association of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. The People's Public Security Forces has the function of advising the Communist Party of Vietnam and the State of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on the protection of national security and preservation of social order and safety; To exercise unified management over the protection of national security and preserve social order and safety; To fight against the conspiracy, activities of hostile forces, assorted crimes and violations of the law on national security, social order and safety. The Vietnamese People's Police is placed under absolute and direct leadership in all aspects of the Communist Party of Vietnam, the domination of the State President, the unified management of the Government and direct and direct management. Next of the Minister of Public Security. The slogan of the force from the early days was "Protecting Homeland Security.


title: Iloilo City

paragraphs: Iloilo City is the capital city of the province

paragraphs: of Iloilo, Philippines. In 2015, 447,992 people lived there. The city is located on the banks of the Iloilo river and lies to the northwest of the island Guimaras. It is one hour south from the province of Capiz. People from the city are called Ilonggos.


title: Mu (unit of area)

paragraphs: Mu is the unit of area that is often used in south Asia. 1 Mu corresponding to 1/15 ha, about ⅔ × 1000 (or 666.7) m.


title: Lucena City

paragraphs: Lucena, officially the City of Lucena () is a first class highly urbanized city. It is the capital city of the province of Quezon, Philippines. In 2015, 266,248 people lived there.


title: Second Rutte cabinet

paragraphs: The Second Rutte cabinet, also called "Rutte II cabinet" or "Rutte II", was a Dutch cabinet, which governed the Netherlands from November 5, 2012 to October 26, 2017 (demissionar from March 14, 2017).

paragraphs: It consisted of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) and the Labor Party (PvdA).

paragraphs: The Prime Minister was Mark Rutte (VVD), the Deputy Prime Minister Lodewijk Asscher (PvdA).

paragraphs: Although Rutte II lost its small minority in the Second Chamber in November 2016, and had no minority in the First Chamber at all, it managed to fulfill its entire period.

paragraphs: It has been succeeded by the Third Rutte cabinet.


title: Jolly Grant Airport

paragraphs: Situated 25km east of Dehradun city, Jolly Grant Airport is nestled in the foothills of Himalayas. The proximity of Jolly Grant Airport with popular places like Dehradun, Mussoorie, Haridwar and Rishikesh enables tourists to fly in to Uttarakhand instead of travelling by rail or by road. The distance from Jolly Grant Airport to Rishikesh and Dehradun can be easily covered in 20 and 40minutes respectively. Several efforts are being made by the government of Uttarakhand to rope in more airlines as it will help in improving the tourism sector.

paragraphs: Jolly Grant is the largest commercial airport of Uttarakhand. This airport is centrally located between Dehradun, Haridwar and Rishikesh cities. Daily several flights are operates from here by airline players like IndiGo, Jet Airways, Spice Jet and Air India towards New Delhi International Airport. Tourists can board connecting flights towards cities like Bangalore, Mumbai, Chennai and Hyderabad via Delhi from here. Now domestic flights are also available from Dehradun Airport.


title: John Byron (died 1623)

paragraphs: Sir John Byron MP (1562-1623) was an English nobleman, politician, knight, and Member of Parliament for Nottinghamshire in 1597. He was the son of Sir John Byron (died 1600). He had one daughter and ten sons, including some Cavalier commanders in the English Civil War: John Byron, 1st Baron Byron, Richard Byron, 2nd Baron Byron, Sir Robert Byron, Sir Philip Byron, and Sir Thomas Byron.


title: John Byron (died 1600)

paragraphs: Sir John Byron Kt (ca. 1526 – 1600) was an Elizabethan English nobleman, landowner, politician, and knight. He was also known as Little Sir John with the Great Beard.

paragraphs: He was the son of Sir John Byron (died 1567) and lived at Clayton Hall, Manchester, and later Royton, both then in Lancashire and later still at Newstead Abbey in Nottinghamshire, which he inherited from his father.

paragraphs: He was High Sheriff of Lancashire in 1572 and High Sheriff of Nottinghamshire in 1596. He was knighted by Queen Elizabeth I of England in 1579.

paragraphs: He married Alice Strelley and had four sons and three daughters. His eldest son was Anthony who died before him in 1587 and thus he was succeeded by his son Sir John Byron (died 1623). One of his daughters was married to Sir Thomas Hutchinson of Owthorpe, Nottinghamshire. Their daughter Margaret Hutchinson is an ancestor of U.S. President Andrew Jackson.


title: John Byron (died 1567)

paragraphs: Sir John Byron MP (1488–1567) was an English nobleman, politician, and knight of the Tudor era, He was Member of Parliament for Nottinghamshire in 1529.

paragraphs: He was the son and heir of Sir Nicolas Byron, who was knighted by Prince Arthur in 1502.

paragraphs: Sir John lived at Colwick in Nottinghamshire, before being granted Newstead Abbey in the same county by Henry VIII of England on 26 May 1540. He was appointed Lieutenant of Sherwood Forest. He was also Steward of Manchester and Rochdale. He was a trusted adviser to Henry VIII, and was at court most of his life. He started work on Newstead, making it into a home for his family.

paragraphs: He was appointed Sheriff of Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire for 1523–24, 1527–28, 1542–43 and 1551–52. He was Custos Rotulorum of Nottinghamshire by 1562.

paragraphs: He married twice: firstly Isabel Lenington, by whom he had no issue and secondly Elizabeth Costerdine, the daughter of William Costerdine of Lancashire, and also the widow of George Halgh of Halgh, Lancashire, with whom he had a son, Sir John Byron (died 1600), who was knighted by Queen Elizabeth I of England and his great-grandson became the first Baron Byron.


title: Nicolas Byron

paragraphs: Sir Nicolas Byron KB (1416-1503) was an English nobleman, politician, and knight. He was the younger son of Sir John Byron (died 1450). He was created a Knight of the Bath by Arthur, Prince of Wales on the occasion of Prince Arthur's marriage on 14 November 1501.

paragraphs: Sir Nicholas Byron married Joan Bushler, a daughter of Sir John Bushler of Haugham, Lincolnshire and Elizabeth Berkeley. He was the father of Sir John Byron (died 1567). Joan survived her husband and married Sir Gervase Clifton of Clifton, Nottingham.


title: John Byron (died 1450)

paragraphs: Sir John Byron MP (1386–1450) was an English nobleman, landowner, politician, and knight. He had estates in Clayton near Manchester and at South Stoke (now Stoke Rochford) in Lincolnshire. He was Member of Parliament for Lancashire in 1421 and 1429, and for Lincolnshire in 1447. He was the son and heir of Sir Richard Byron (1354-1415), He married Margery Booth, daughter of John Booth. His son Sir Nicolas Byron inherited his estates.


title: Sigilmassasaurus

paragraphs: Sigilmassasaurus was a carnivorous theropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Africa. Its name means "'"'Sijilmassa lizard", referring to the name of the city near the place where its fossils were found. Its species name "brevicollis" is Latin for "short neck", because the neck bones of the animal are very short.

paragraphs: It was found and named by a Canadian paleontologist called Dale Russel in 1996, he found the fossils in Morocco at a fossil site called the Kem Kem Formation. The rocks the skeleton was found in are as old as the Cenomanian, which is the earliest stage of the Late Cretaceous Period, 100 to 94 million years ago.

paragraphs: Several large predatory dinosaurs weighing more than one tonne are known from the Late cretaceous of North Africa, this made paleontologists wonder how so many of them would have lived together. "Sigilmassasaurus" existed in the same time and place as other huge meat-eating dinosaurs like "Spinosaurus, Carcharodontosaurus, Deltadromeus," and "Bahariasaurus." The situation is a lot like in the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation of North America, where there were up to five meat-eating dinosaurs weighing more than a tonne, as well as many smaller ones. The difference between their sizes and what they ate could explain why they could live so close to each other, scientists compared this to how predatory animals live alongside each-other in the African savanna.


title: Suchosaurus

paragraphs: Suchosaurus (meaning "crocodile lizard") is a carnivorous theropod dinosaur from Cretaceous England, it was mistaken for a genus of Crocodile when it was found. The first fossils were of its teeth, two species have been named so far.

paragraphs: In 1820, scientist Gideon Mantell got hold of some fossilized teeth discovered near East Sussex, and in 1822, the British naturalist William Clift identified them as crocodile teeth. Two years later in 1824, Georges Cuvier mentioned them in the first interpretation of a spinosaurid fossil. But at the time, paleontologists didn't know about the crocodile-like teeth of spinosaurids

paragraphs: In 1897 the second species ""Suchosaurus girardi"" was named, after two pieces of its jaw and one tooth were found in Portugal.

paragraphs: During the nineteenth and most of the twentieth century, scientists thought that "Suchosaurus" was probably some kind of obscure Crocodilian. But in 1998, paleontologist Angela Milner was publishing a new description of "Baryonyx", and she realized that the teeth of that spinosaurid dinosaur were extremely similar to those from "Suchosaurus". Later in 2003, she suggested that they could be the same animal. "Suchosaurus" teeth are also very close to the ones from "Cristatusaurus" and "Suchomimus", all this means it has the general features of a member from the family Baryonychinae.


title: Complex analysis

paragraphs: Complex analysis is the area of mathematical analysis that looks at functions on the complex numbers. It has a wide range of uses, including algebraic geometry and analytic number theory, and areas of physics, such as string theory and quantum mechanics. Augustin-Louis Cauchy is normally credited with founding complex analysis, building on the work of Gauss and Euler. Other mathematicians that made significant advances in this field include Riemann, Weierstrass, Kiyoshi Oka and Lars Ahlfors.


title: Miyako Sumiyoshi

paragraphs: Sumiyoshi competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, in the 500 meters (14th) and in the 1000 meters (22nd).

paragraphs: On 20 January 2018, she was found dead in her home in Nagano at the age of 30.


title: Reinier Kreijermaat

paragraphs: Reinier Kreijermaat (25 April 1935 – 22 January 2018) was a Dutch footballer. He was active as a midfielder in the 1960s. He was born in Utrecht, the Netherlands. He made his debut for USV Elinkwijk in 1956. He played for Elinkwijk until 1959, when he moved to Dutch heavyweights Feyenoord.


title: Beihang University

paragraphs: Beihang University, is a public university located in Beijing, China. It is specialized in aeronautics and aerospace.


title: Dương Văn Minh

paragraphs: Dương Văn Minh (16 February 1916 – 6 August 2001) was a former General of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam. He came from the first course at the French Military Academy of the Indochinese Confederation in the southeastern part of Vietnam for the purpose of training indigenous people to become officers serving the Colonial Army. During his active service, he was assigned to specialized positions in Command and General Staff. He was one of the few officers to be promoted to the rank of General of the Republic (Major General in 1955) and was also one of five soldiers who were promoted to General in the Armed Forces of the Republic of Vietnam. He was also a politician who held the position as Head of state in the period (1963 - 1964) and was the last president of the Republic of Vietnam. Although he held the throne briefly for only three days (from April 28 to April 30, 1975), he was credited with saving the city from the devastation. Called on the South Vietnamese Armed Forces to cease fire and surrender unconditionally at the request of the National Liberation Front when they began attacking the city on April 30, 1975 during the Ho Chi Minh Campaign.


title: Lari White

paragraphs: Lari Michele White (; May 13, 1965 – January 23, 2018) was an American country music artist and actress.

paragraphs: White had a recording contract with RCA Records Nashville. She produced three studio albums, a greatest hits package, and several chart singles, with three of her singles having reached Top Ten: "That's My Baby" and "That's How You Know (When You're In Love)" at No. 10, and "Now I Know" at No. 5. A fourth studio album was released in 1998 on Lyric Street Records, followed by two more releases on White's own label, Skinny White Girl. Overall, White charted 12 times on the "Billboard" country music charts.

paragraphs: White had a small role in the movie "Cast Away".

paragraphs: In November 2017, White was diagnosed with advanced peritoneal cancer. She died on January 23, 2018 in Nashville at the age of 52.


title: Primary peritoneal carcinoma

paragraphs: Primary peritoneal cancer or carcinoma is also known as serous surface papillary carcinoma, primary peritoneal carcinoma, extra-ovarian serous carcinoma, primary serous papillary carcinoma, psammomacarcinoma. It was historically classified under "carcinoma of unknown primary" (CUP). Primary peritoneal cancer (PPC, or PPCa) is a cancer of the cells lining the peritoneum, or abdominal cavity.

paragraphs: Prognosis and treatment is the same as for the most common type of ovarian cancer, which is epithelial ovarian cancer.

paragraphs: The median survival of primary peritoneal carcinomas is usually shorter by 2–6 months time when compared with serous ovarian cancer.


title: Wyatt Tee Walker

paragraphs: Wyatt Tee Walker (August 16, 1929 – January 23, 2018) was an African-American pastor, national civil rights leader, theologian, and cultural historian. He was born in Brockton, Massachusetts.

paragraphs: Walker served as a chief of staff for Martin Luther King, Jr.. In 1958,Walker became an early board member of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). He helped found a Congress for Racial Equality (CORE) chapter in 1958. As executive director of the SCLC from 1960 to 1964.

paragraphs: Walker died on January 23, 2018, at his home in Chester, Virginia. He was 88.


title: Hugh Masekela

paragraphs: Hugh Ramapolo Masekela (4 April 1939 – 23 January 2018) was a South African trumpeter, flugelhornist, cornetist, composer and singer. He has been described as the "father of South African jazz." Masekela was known for his jazz compositions and for writing well-known anti-apartheid songs such as "Soweto Blues" and "Bring Him Back Home".

paragraphs: Masekela died in Johannesburg on 23 January 2018 from prostate cancer, aged 78.


title: Naomi Parker

paragraphs: Naomi Parker Fraley (August 26, 1921 – January 20, 2018) was an American war worker and waitress. She is thought to be the likely model for the iconic "We Can Do It!" poster. She was unaware that the poster had become famous and in the interim Geraldine Hoff Doyle was credited as the model. The poster is erroneously referred to as the Rosie the Riveter poster, having become associated with the cultural icon in the 1980s. She was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma.

paragraphs: Parker died in Longview, Washington on January 20, 2018 at the age of 96.


title: We Can Do It!

paragraphs: "We Can Do It!" is an American wartime propaganda poster produced by J. Howard Miller in 1943 for Westinghouse Electric as an inspirational image to boost worker morale. It actively became popular in the 1980s feminist movement.

paragraphs: The poster was very little seen during World War II. It was rediscovered in the early 1980s and widely reproduced in many forms, often called "We Can Do It!" but also called "Rosie the Riveter" (modeled by Naomi Parker) after the iconic figure of a strong female war production worker.

paragraphs: The image made the cover of the "Smithsonian" magazine in 1994 and was fashioned into a US first-class mail stamp in 1999.


title: Simon Shelton

paragraphs: Simon Shelton (13 January 1966 – 17 January 2018), also known as Simon Barnes, was a British actor. He was best known for playing Dark Knight in the "Incredible Games", and Tinky Winky in the BBC children's show "Teletubbies".

paragraphs: Shelton was born on 13 January 1966 in Shepherd's Bush, London.

paragraphs: Shelton played Dark Knight in "Incredible Games" from 1994 to 1995. Simon played Tinky Winky in the BBC children's show "Teletubbies". He replaced the original actor Dave Thompson who was asked to leave the show in July 1997.

paragraphs: Shelton was married to Emma Robbins, had three children, and lived in Ampthill, Bedfordshire. He was the uncle of "The Inbetweeners" actress Emily Atack.


title: Roveena

paragraphs: Roveena is a Canadian singer and recording artist based in Toronto. Roveena is a member of the Canadian Songwriters Association

paragraphs: Roveena graduated from University of Waterloo where she studied piano and composition. Roveena started her music career in 2010, when she began posting song covers on YouTube including the Etta James classic "At Last", and was invited to perform live on CITY TV Breakfast Television. Roveena was also invited to sing the national anthem at various Toronto Blue Jays and NFL games. In 2012, Roveena made it to the Top 10 on the singing competition show TVI’s Superstar.

paragraphs: In 2016, she collaborated with Lymphoma Cancer Canada and became a Brand Ambassador of the organization.


title: Gordon the Big Engine

paragraphs: Gordon the Big Engine is a fictional anthropomorphic tender locomotive in "The Railway Series" books by Reverend Wilbert Vere Awdry and is one of the central characters in the television series "Thomas and Friends", which is based on the books. He is painted blue and carries the number 4. Gordon views himself as the most important engine because he is the biggest and he pulls the Express.

paragraphs: His first appearance in the Railway Series was in Book 1, "The Three Railway Engines". The eighth book in the series was dedicated to him, as was the thirty-first.


title: Toby the Tram Engine

paragraphs: Toby the Tram Engine is a fictional anthropomorphic tram engine in The Railway Series by the Reverend Wilbert Vere Awdry and his son, Christopher; he also appears in the spin-off television series "Thomas & Friends". Toby, a tram engine with cowcatchers and sideplates, carries the North Western Railway running number seven and works on the same Ffarquhar branch line as Thomas the Tank Engine.

paragraphs: Toby first appeared in the seventh book in The Railway Series, "Toby the Tram Engine" in 1952, and appeared in several subsequent books. The second book focused on Toby was the sixth of Christopher Awdry's books, "Toby, Trucks and Trouble".


title: Amiibo

paragraphs: An amiibo (in Japanese: アミーボ) is an action figure of a Nintendo character. These action figures can be used in some video games on the Nintendo 3DS, Wii U, and Nintendo Switch.


title: Camila Cabello

paragraphs: Karla Camila Cabello Estrabao (born March 3, 1997), known simply as Camila Cabello, is a Cuban Mexican American singer and songwriter. Camila's dad is from Mexico and her mum is Cuban. She began her career in 2013 as a contestant on the American version of "The X Factor". She was eliminated from the show but was brought back with four other girl contestants to create the group Fifth Harmony. That group finished in third place.

paragraphs: She launched a solo career in December 2016, leading to successful songs like "Crying in the Club" and "Havana", which became her first number-one song in the US. Havanna was number 1 in the UK for four weeks and it still is in the charts. Her debut solo album, "Camila", also topped the charts the same week as "Havana" did, making her only the third artist to have their first album and a single at the top of the charts at the same time. She has a younger sister.

paragraphs: Karla Camila Cabello Estrabao was born on March 3, 1997, in Cojimar, Cuba. When she was six, she moved to Miami, Florida, with her Cuban mother and Mexican father.

paragraphs: On December 18, 2016, Cabello announced that she was leaving Fifth Harmony.

paragraphs: Cabello released several singles throughout 2017. Her most successful, "Havana", with rapper Young Thug, was released in August of that year, as the lead single from her first solo album. The song topped charts in Canada, Australia, and the UK. After spending seven weeks at number two in the US, the song reached number one on the "Billboard" Hot 100 for the week ending January 27, 2018.

paragraphs: Her debut solo album, "Camila", was released on January 12, 2018. It entered at the top of the "Billboard" 200 album chart in the US with over 119,000 combined streams and copies sold. With this, she became only the third artist in history to have their first number-one album and first number-one single in the same week. Only Beyoncé and Britney Spears have done this before in 2003 and 1999, respectively.


title: Swisscom

paragraphs: Swisscom AG is the main telecommunications provider in Switzerland. The headquarters are located at Worblaufen near Bern.


title: Flag of Eritrea

paragraphs: The flag of Eritrea has a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist-side pointed toward the fly-side and then divided into two right triangles. The upper triangle is green and the lower triangle is blue with an Emblem (1952-1962) in gold (a vertical olive branch encircled by an olive wreath) centered on the hoist side of the triangle.


title: Jozias van Aartsen

paragraphs: Jozias Johannes van Aartsen (born December 25, 1947 in The Hague) is a Dutch politician of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD).

paragraphs: He was acting mayor of Amsterdam from December 2017 till July 2018.

paragraphs: Previously Van Aartsen was mayor of The Hague, acting queen's commissioner of the Province of Drenthe, a foreign affairs and agricultural minister, an MP, and also VVD political and parliamentary leader.

paragraphs: He started his career as a civil servant.

paragraphs: Jozias van Aartsen is married with three children.


title: Flag of Comoros

paragraphs: The flag of Comoros was created in 2002.

paragraphs: It has four horizontal stripes of yellow, white, red, and blue, with a green chevron based on the hoist side charged with a white crescent and four five-pointed stars.

paragraphs: The four stripes mean the four islands of Comoros: The yellow stripe is for Mohéli, the white stripe is for Mayotte, the red stripe is for Anjouan, and the blue stripe is for Grande Comore. The four stars on the flag also mean these four islands. The star and crescent symbol stands for Islam, because it is the main religion of Comoros.


title: Selma, Switzerland

paragraphs: Selma used to be a municipality of the district Moesa in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. On 1 January 2015 the municipalities of Arvigo, Braggio, Cauco and Selma combined and became the new municipality of Calanca.


title: Rimbach-près-Masevaux

paragraphs: Rimbach-près-Masevaux is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department of east France.

paragraphs: The villages of Basse Bers, Ermensbach, Grossenberg, Haute Bers, Horben, Johannesberg, Langmatt, Neuerbet, Riedelsbourg, Riesenwald and Ruchberg are in this commune.


title: Calanca, Switzerland

paragraphs: Calanca is a municipality of the district of Moesa in the Swiss canton of Graubünden. On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Arvigo, Braggio, Cauco and Selma merged to form the new municipality of Calanca.


title: Flag of Tanzania

paragraphs: The flag of Tanzania has a yellow-fimbriated black diagonal band, divided diagonally from the lower hoist-side corner, with a green upper triangle and blue lower triangle.


title: Bình Dương

paragraphs: Bình Dương is a province in the Southeast region of Vietnam. Bình Dương's current capital is Thủ Dầu Một the seventh largest province in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

paragraphs: Bình Dương has traditional villages, such as wood carving, pottery and lacquer painting. Since ancient times, art pottery, lacquerware and sculpture of Bình Dương have participated in international fairs and also exported to France and many countries in the region.

paragraphs: When the August Revolution broke out, the province commissioned a general uprising to seize power in Bình Dương and establish a provincial People's Committee. In mid-September, the provincial People's Committee changed its name to the Provincial Resistance Administrative Committee. At the end of September 1945, the British-French alliance opened fire to recapture the South. The Democratic Republic of Vietnam in South Vietnam decides the South resistance. Implementing the policy of "dissolving" of the Communist Party of Vietnam. On 11 November 1945 the provincial Party Committee also proceeded to "dissolve", actually developing the revolutionary movement under the name Việt Minh.


title: 2018 Atlantic hurricane season

paragraphs: The 2018 Atlantic hurricane season was a near-normal season but above-average in terms of ACE and it had 15 named storms, 8 hurricanes, and 2 major hurricanes in which tropical cyclones were formed in the Northern Hemisphere at the Atlantic basin. It happens yearly, and the hurricane season officially started on June 1, and officially ended on November 30.

paragraphs: Subtropical Storm Alberto in late May was the first storm of the season that formed on May 25. This was the fourth consecutive season in which storms form before the official start of the hurricane season. Beryl became the first hurricane of the season in early July. Florence became the first major hurricane of the season on September 5. Michael became the second major hurricane of the season on October 9, and a day later, it became the third-most intense hurricane to make landfall in the United States in terms of pressure, behind the 1935 Labor Day hurricane and Hurricane Camille of 1969. As Michael became a Category 5, 2018 became a third consecutive season to feature at least one Category 5 hurricane (Matthew in 2016; Irma and Maria in 2017). This season is the first on record to see seven storms that were subtropical at some point in their lifetimes (Alberto, Beryl, Debby, Ernesto, Joyce, Leslie, and Oscar). The season ended with Hurricane Oscar on October 31.

paragraphs: The following list of names will be used for naming storms that will be formed in the North Atlantic in 2018. Any retired names will be announced by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) in the spring of 2019. The names not retired from this list will be used again in the 2024 season. This is the same list used in the 2012 season, with the exception of the name Sara which replaced Sandy.

paragraphs: The storm names "Florence" and "Michael" were retired by the World Meteorological Organization on March 20, 2019, and they will not be used again for another Atlantic hurricane. They will be replaced with "Francine" and "Milton" for the 2024 season, respectively.


title: Dawood Sarkhosh

paragraphs: Dawood Sarkhosh is a singer, songwriter and poet from Afghanistan.

paragraphs: Dawood Sarkhosh has held many concerts in various countries such as Australia, Russia, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Pakistan and Iran.

paragraphs: Dawood Sarkhosh was born on 1971 in a family of Hazara people in Daykundi, Afghanistan.

paragraphs: Dawood Sarkhosh has already released 5 albums officially.


title: Rajanpur

paragraphs: Rajanpur (Urdu: راجن پُور), is a capital city of Rajanpur District in Punjab, Pakistan. The district is located west of the Indus River.


title: Miandam

paragraphs: Miandam is a hill station and tourist place in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It lies above sea level.


title: Leona Helmsley

paragraphs: Leona Helmsley (July 4, 1920 – August 20, 2007) was an American businesswoman. She was known for having a flamboyant personality. She had a reputation for tyrannical behavior; she was nicknamed the Queen of Mean.

paragraphs: She owned many hotels, apartment buildings and condominiums.

paragraphs: Helmsley was found guilty in 1989 of tax evasion, false personal tax returns and mail fraud. She served some time in prison for the crimes.

paragraphs: Helmsley was born in Marbletown, New York. She died from heart failure at age 87 in Greenwich, Connecticut.


title: Jack Ketchum

paragraphs: Dallas Mayr (November 10, 1946 – January 24, 2018), better known by his pseudonym Jack Ketchum, was an American author and screenwriter. He was born in Livingston, New Jersey. He was best known for writing the 1989 crime novel "The Girl Next Door".

paragraphs: Many of his novels have been made to movies, including "Red" and "The Woman". In 2011, Ketchum received the World Horror Convention Grand Master Award for outstanding contribution to the horror genre.

paragraphs: Ketchum died on January 24, 2018 in New York City of pancreatic cancer at the age of 71.


title: Billy Hancock

paragraphs: William C. Hancock Jr. (known as Billy Hancock) (November 4, 1946 – January 22, 2018) was an American singer, guitarist, bassist and multi-instrumental recording artist. He has made many recordings, primarily in the rockabilly genre but also has a large body of recorded work in rock 'n' roll, blues, jazz, rhythm & blues, and country music. He was known for his songs "Shakin' That Rockabilly Fever" and "".

paragraphs: Hancock died in La Plata, Maryland on January 22, 2018 of complications from cirrhosis at the age of 71.


title: Chartchai Chionoi

paragraphs: Chartchai Chionoi (; ) Chartchai Laemfapha (; ) or birth name Naris Chionoi (; ; October 10, 1942 – January 21, 2018) was a former professional Thai boxer, WBC World champion & WBA World champion in the flyweight division. Chionoi took the WBC World Flyweight Title two successive times and the WBA Title one successive times before finally relinquishing it. He was born near Hua Lamphong Station, Pathum Wan District, Bangkok.

paragraphs: Chionoi died on January 21, 2018 of pneumonia complicated from Parkinson's disease in Bangkok at the age of 75.


title: Phil Bredesen

paragraphs: Philip Norman Bredesen Jr. (born November 21, 1943) is an American politician, author and entrepreneur. He served as the 48th Governor of Tennessee from 2003 to 2011. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He was first elected in 2002 with 50.6% of the vote, and was reelected in 2006 with 68.0%. He served as the 66th Mayor of Nashville from 1991 to 1999.

paragraphs: On December 6, 2017, Bredesen announced he would run for Bob Corker's open seat in the United States Senate, as Corker announced he would not seek reelection in 2018. In August 2018, he became the Democratic nominee. He lost the election to Marsha Blackburn.


title: Richard Fulton

paragraphs: Richard Harmon "Dick" Fulton (January 27, 1927 – November 28, 2018) was a Democratic politician. He served as a member of the Tennessee State Senate and of the United States House of Representatives, and the second mayor of the Metropolitan Government of Nashville, Tennessee.

paragraphs: Fulton died on November 28, 2018 under hospice care in Nashville at the age of 91.


title: Marilyn Lloyd

paragraphs: Rachel Marilyn Lloyd (née Laird; January 3, 1929 – September 19, 2018) was an American businesswoman and politician. She served for ten terms as member of the United States House of Representatives serving from 1975 to 1995.

paragraphs: Lloyd died on September 19, 2018 in Chattanooga, Tennessee from complications of pneumonia at the age of 89.


title: Robert Lowie

paragraphs: Robert Harry Lowie (born ""; June 12, 1883 – September 21, 1957) was an Austrian-born American anthropologist.

paragraphs: He was born on June 12, 1883 to an Austrian mother and Hungarian father in Vienna. He lived there until he was ten years old then moved to New York City. In New York he surrounded himself with German friends and family and even continued to speak Viennese at home. For the rest of his life he felt like a member of both American and German-Austrian cultures. He studied Latin, Greek, philosophy, and science at the College of the City of New York until he graduated in 1901. Then he worked as a teacher in New York City public schools for three years. In 1904 he started to go to Columbia University for graduate school and it was there that he met Franz Boas, a famous anthropologist. Boas became Lowie's teacher and role model. Lowie liked Boas because of their shared German background and similar interest in details rather than abstractions about human cultures. As a student of Boas, Lowie was tasked with writing a thesis about the Native American Crow tribe, which is what ended up sparking his interest in other tribes. He graduated from Columbia with his Ph.D in 1908 and worked at the Natural History Museum in New York City from then until 1921. He enjoyed researching and writing, so he continued to do those things throughout his life. He did extensive ethnographic field work during this time and studied more than nine Native American tribes throughout his lifetime. He was a teacher at UC Berkeley from 1921 to 1950.

paragraphs: One of Boas's main interests and most passionate arguments was that of individual variation. As Stefan Bargheer writes, "the notion of individual variability in the work of Lowie […started] in the 1910s […]. Lowie's argument was initially directed against race scholars […] who argued that the Nordic race displayed a higher range of variation than other races and could thus be assumed to produce a particularly high number of exceptional individuals, which ensured the superiority of the culture produced by this race." Instead he argued that there really were no differences in the range of variation between races.

paragraphs: Although the popular belief in the early 20th century was that the white race was better than all others, Lowie argued against racism, saying that all races had individual variation present within them and that no one race was superior. He used statistics to argue that "the differences in cultural achievements between groups was a function of their population size and thus of the total number of outstanding individuals-not of the rate at which such individuals occurred."

paragraphs: He realized that because bigger populations have more people they are more likely to have a higher number of very smart individuals.4 He also applied his beliefs to primitive societies, arguing that they too had individual variation. In Primitive Society (1920) he argues "that mental processes are not only comparable but identical in the simpler and the higher civilizations." He was brave to bring these ideas forward in such a racist time.His interests were always primarily in culture and psychology. He specifically studied issues in race, environment, nature, and relationships. He believed that people were different, but he did not believe that one race was superior to others even though this belief was common during WWII when he was alive.

paragraphs: He fought for German scientists during the war, and against scientific racism, which is when scientific evidence is used to try to justify the discrimination against certain peoples. He also argued against the belief that cultures create people with identical personalities, spread by his two peers Margaret Mead and Ruth Benedict. Mead and Benedict thought people within the same culture had very similar personality traits and that at least primitive cultures were more or less invariant.

paragraphs: His most famous books are Primitive Society (1920), Culture and Ethnology (1917), History of Ethnological Theory (1937), Primitive Religion (1924), Are We Civilized (1929), Introduction to Cultural Anthropology (1934), The German People (1945), and Toward Understanding Germany (1954). He even contributed 33 papers to Selected Papers in Anthropology (1960) between the years 1911 and 1957.


title: McKayla Maroney

paragraphs: McKayla Rose Maroney (born December 9, 1995) is a retired American artistic gymnast. She won several gold medals during her career. She was a member of the American women's gymnastics team, called the Fierce Five, at the 2012 Summer Olympics. She won a gold medal at these Olympic Games. She also won gold medals at the 2011 World Championships and the 2013 World Championships.

paragraphs: In 2012, Maroney won the silver medal in the vault finals. She wasn't happy with the winning. In one photograph, her lips were toward the left side of her face. Then-President Barack Obama copied the pose in November 2012.

paragraphs: In 2016, Maroney retired from competitive gymnastics.

paragraphs: Maroney was born in Aliso Viejo, California.


title: Saulieu

paragraphs: Saulieu, Burgundian: "Saûyeu", is a commune in the arrondissement of Montbard in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France. It is the capital of the Morvan Region.

paragraphs: About 2,500 people were living in Saulieu in 2015.


title: Tere Liye

paragraphs: Tere Liye is a Hindi-language Indian television series of the romantic drama genre. It was aired on Star Plus and was produced by Balaji Telefilms.


title: Moshe Sharett

paragraphs: Moshe Sharett, Hebrew: משה שרת , born "Moshe Shertok", Hebrew: משה שרתוק, (October 15, 1894 in Kherson (Russian Empire, nowadays Ukraine) - July 7, 1965 in Jerusalem) was an Israeli politician of Mapai Party.

paragraphs: Sharett moved to Ottoman Palestine in 1906. He studied at Istanbul University and the London School of Economics.

paragraphs: In 1920s he worked as a journalist in the United Kingdom. He returned to Mandatory Palestine in 1931, and became a member of the Assembly of Representatives.

paragraphs: He was one of those who signed the Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel in 1948.

paragraphs: Sharett was chosen into the first Knesset in 1949, and stayed a Member of Knesset till his death.

paragraphs: He was also in the government. He was Foreign Minister from 1948 to 1956. During this time he was also Prime Minister from January 26, 1954 to November 3, 1955, succeeding fellow party member David Ben-Gurion (last one succeeded Sharett).

paragraphs: Moshe Sharett died in 1965 at the age of 80.


title: Cobalt (Ontario)

paragraphs: Cobalt is a town of the district of Timiskaming, in the province of Ontario, Canada.


title: Trevor Kidd

paragraphs: Trevor Rodney Kidd (born March 29, 1972) is a former NHL goaltender who last played for the Hannover Scorpions in the Deutsche Eishockey Liga. Throughout his 12-year National Hockey League career, Kidd played for the Calgary Flames, Carolina Hurricanes, Florida Panthers and Toronto Maple Leafs. A first-round draft pick, Kidd was selected 11th overall by the Flames in the 1990 NHL Entry Draft.


title: Aquilegia

paragraphs: Aquilegia (common names: granny's bonnet or columbine) is a genus of about 60-70 species of perennial plants that are found in meadows, woodlands, and at higher altitudes throughout the Northern Hemisphere, known for the spurred petals of their flowers.


title: José S Carrión

paragraphs: José S Carrión (Jumilla 1962) is a Spanish scientist, editor, science and cultural columnist and poet. His main research interest deals with the relationships between hominins and plants from a palaeoecological perspective. He has conducted and co-ordinated a number of research projects on the palaeoflora and palaeovegetation of the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands, ecological changes linked to patterns and processes of human and cultural evolution, eco-cultural collapses, extinctions in plants, palaeoecology and biodiversity conservation and forest management, palaeoenvironments of arid regions, pollen analysis of biogenic materials and archaeological sites, pollen analyses of honeys, aerobiological monitoring (Burkard filters), forensic palynology, and spore and pollen-morphological studies. He is full professor of Evolutionary Botany at University of Murcia, where he leads the Research Group ECCE HOMO (Evolution, Cenozoic, Quaternary, Ecology, Homo). He is currently editor in chief of Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, and Associate Editor of Quaternary Science Reviews, Elsevier.

paragraphs: University of Murcia: 1985. BSc Biology. "Special Distinction." 1986: MSc Botany, Palynology. 1990: PhD Palynology. "Cum Laude and Special Distinction."

paragraphs: He has been manager at the National Research Plan, Biodiversity Program in the Spanish Ministry of Economy, and participated in a number of international committees of evaluation of research activities.

paragraphs: José S Carrión has been known in the neurological community for his success to deal with dystonia, a rare neurological disorder. He was treated through the Dr. Joaquín Farias technique.

paragraphs: Dissertation to the King of Spain on the occasion of the opening of the university course(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SPyy7c0czao)


title: Domestic yak

paragraphs: The domestic yak ("Bos grunniens") is a long-haired domesticated bovid found throughout the Himalayan region of the Indian subcontinent, the Tibetan Plateau and as far north as Mongolia and Russia. It is descended from the wild yak ("Bos mutus").


title: Hackbridge railway station

paragraphs: Hackbridge railway station is a train station at Hackbridge in the London Borough of Sutton in South London. The station is served by Southern and Thameslink. It is in Fare zone 4.

paragraphs: There are two platforms at this station. Platform 1 is for northbound trains to London Victoria and St Albans (via St Pancras International). Platform 2 is for southbound trains to Sutton and Epsom.

paragraphs: At peak hours, services run as far as Bedford, Luton, Dorking and Horsham.

paragraphs: London Buses route 151 serve this station.


title: Daniel Defoe

paragraphs: Daniel Defoe (13 September 1660 – 24 April 1731) was a trader, writer, and journalist from England. His best known work is the novel "Robinson Crusoe". In some languages, it is the number 2 bestseller, after the Bible.


title: White Americans

paragraphs: White Americans are Americans who are white (or Caucasian) or for statistics, those who have majority-white ancestry.


title: Carson Wentz

paragraphs: Carson James Wentz (born December 30, 1992) is an American football quarterback. He plays the Philadelphia Eagles in the National Football League (NFL).

paragraphs: He was drafted in the first round of the 2016 NFL draft. He played his first NFL game in 2016. In his first year he passed for 3,782 yards and 16 touchdowns, 14 Interceptions. His team the Eagles finished the year 7–9 and missed the playoffs. In his second year he had good season 3,296 yards and 33 touchdowns and 7 Interceptions. He was seen as an MVP candidate. The. In week 14 Wentz injured his knee against the Los Angeles Rams.


title: Romani Americans

paragraphs: Romani Americans or American Gypsies are people from India, a country near China, who came to the United States via Europe. American Gypsies mostly come from Bulgaria, Hungary, Colombia, Mexico and Romania. American Gypsies's flag is the American flag and the Romani flag. American Gypsy cuisine and food is sodmay. American Gypsy culture is church and weddings. Gypsy food is goulash and sodmay. American Gypsies speak the Romani language and English. International Roma Day is on April 8, 2018.


title: Banana squash

paragraphs: Banana squash is an edible squash, or gourd, in the "Cucurbita" family. developed from the butternut squash, a type of winter squash. Its name was given for its elongated shape and yellow colour.

paragraphs: Like the butternut squash, it has a potato-like texture and seeds in the middle. Having seeds, it is classified as a fruit. Its mild flesh can be flavored either sweet or savoury (salty).


title: Carl Emil Christiansen

paragraphs: Carl Emil Christiansen (31 December 1937 – 15 January 2018) was a Danish football player.

paragraphs: Christiansen played 313 games and scored 112 goals for Esbjerg fB in Denmark. He was the top goalscorer of the 1962 Danish football championship, and played two games and scored one goal for the Denmark national football team.


title: Ostafrikasaurus

paragraphs: Ostafrikasaurus was a carnivorous theropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic of southeastern Tanzania. It is known only from a fossil tooth that is long. Paleontologist Eric Buffetaut claims it is the oldest evidence of a Spinosaurid dinosaur (a type of crocodile-like dinosaur that ate fish); It appeared 148 million years ago.


title: Olivia Cole

paragraphs: Olivia Carlena Cole (November 26, 1942 – January 19, 2018) was an American actress. She was born in Memphis, Tennessee. Her career began in 1954 and ended when she retired in 2011. Cole won an Emmy Award for her role as Chicken George's wife, Matilda in the 1977 miniseries "Roots". She was also known for her role as Maggie Rogers in the 1979 miniseries "Backstairs at the White House".

paragraphs: Cole died at the age of 75 at her home in San Miguel de Allende, Mexico on January 19, 2018, after a heart attack.


title: Marcos Carvajal

paragraphs: Marcos José Carvajal (; 19 August 1984 – 24 January 2018) was a Venezuelan relief pitcher. He played for the Colorado Rockies and Florida Marlins of Major League Baseball.

paragraphs: Carvajal died of pneumonia on January 24, 2018 in Ciudad Bolívar, Venezuela at the age of 33.


title: Gonzalo Facio Segreda

paragraphs: Gonzalo Justo Facio Segreda (28 March 1918 – 24 January 2018) was a Costa Rican lawyer, politician, and diplomat. He was born in San José, Costa Rica.

paragraphs: Facio Segreda served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1970 to 1978, as President of the Legislative Assembly from 1953 to 1956, and later served as Ambassador to the United States from 1956 to 1958, again from 1962 to 1966 and again from 1990 to 1994.

paragraphs: Facio Segreda died on 24 January 2018 of pneumonia complicated by Alzheimer's disease in Escazu, Costa Rica at the age of 99.


title: Renaud Gagneux

paragraphs: Renaud Gagneux (15 May 1947 – 24 January 2018) was a French composer. He was born in Paris. Gagneux studied piano with Alfred Cortot and composition with Henri Dutilleux at the École Normale in Paris. In 1966 he went to Cologne to study composition with Karlheinz Stockhausen, then with André Jolivet and Olivier Messiaen at the Conservatoire de Paris.

paragraphs: In 1972 he joined the Groupe de Recherches Musicales de l'ORTF. His many prizes include the Sacem Grand Prix for chamber music (1977), the Prix Georges Enesco (1983), the Prize for New Talent from the SACD (1989), the Composers' Prize of the Sacem (1990), and the SACEM Grand Prix 1993 for his works overall.

paragraphs: Gagneux died in Paris on 24 January 2018 of ALS-related complications at the age of 70.


title: Bristol stool scale

paragraphs: The Bristol stool scale is a medical diagnosis tool used by Doctors to classify the way feces looks into 7 different categories. It is also known by the names, Bristol stool chart and Bristol stool form scale.

paragraphs: It was developed at Bristol Royal Infirmary in 1997 as a clinical assessment tool, but is also used to help with patients who can't speak, so that they can show their doctor if they have a problem with their bowels (a clinical communication aid). It's also used to help diagnose Irritable Bowel Syndrome.

paragraphs: The seven types of feces described by the scale are:


title: Frank Varrichione

paragraphs: Frank Joseph Varrichione (pronounced "Vair-akee-oh'-nee," January 14, 1932 – January 6, 2018) was an American athlete. He was born in Natick, Massachusetts. He played eleven seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played for the Pittsburgh Steelers from 1955 through 1960 and with the Los Angeles Rams from 1961 to 1965.

paragraphs: Varrichione died on January 6, 2018 in Framingham, Massachusetts of skin cancer at the age of 85.


title: Neagu Djuvara

paragraphs: Neagu Djuvara (; August 18, 1916 – January 25, 2018) was a Romanian historian, essayist, philosopher, journalist, novelist and diplomat. He was born in Bucharest. Djuvara was an active contributor to Radio Free Europe. Between 1991 and 1998, he was an Associate Professor at the University of Bucharest. During the early 1990s, he was a noted critic of Romanian political developments.

paragraphs: Djuvara died in Bucharest of pneumonia on January 25, 2018 at the age of 101.


title: Lyudmila Senchina

paragraphs: Lyudmila Petrovna Senchina (; 13 December 1950, – 25 January 2018) was a Soviet, Ukrainian and Russian singer (soprano).

paragraphs: She was also an actress, appearing in "Armed and Dangerous" (), in which Lyudmila performed a female lead role.

paragraphs: Senchina was known for her songs "Cinderella" (), "Stones" (), "Love and Separation" (), "White Acacia" (), "Birthday" (), "White Dance" (), "Field Flowers" ()"."

paragraphs: In 1979 she was awarded the title of Meritorious Artist of the RSFSR and in 2002 the title of People's Artist of Russia. Merited Artist of Ukraine (2003).

paragraphs: Senchina died on 25 January 2018 in a hospital in St. Petersburg of pancreatic cancer at the age of 67.


title: Patrick Mazimhaka

paragraphs: Patrick Kayumbu Mazimhaka (26 April 1948 – 25 January 2018) was a Rwandan politician. He was the former Deputy Chairperson of the African Union's African Commission. Mazimhaka was born in Rwanda. He was elected the Deputy Chairperson of the African Union Commission in July 2003 held in Maputo, Mozambique, and held the office until 6 February 2008. He was, until his election, the Senior Presidential Advisor to the President of Rwanda on the Great Lakes Region.

paragraphs: Mazimhaka died in Delhi, India on 25 January 2018 at the age of 69.


title: Gustav Gerneth

paragraphs: Gustav Gerneth (15 October 1905 – 22 October 2019) was a German World War II-veteran and at the time of his death at age 114 years, 7 days the oldest person ever in Germany and the oldest living man in the world as well as the youngest of only 8 men and only 2 European men (behind Spaniard Joan Riudavets) who have become at least 114 years old. He was born in 1905 in Stettin, which was then part of the German Empire and is now in Poland as Szczecin.

paragraphs: Gerneth worked in a shipping company and at a gas plant during World War II. He was a Russian prisoner-of-war until 1947 when he was released from imprisonment. He married his wife Charlotte (died in 1988) in 1930 and the couple had three sons, all of whom now deceased.

paragraphs: He became the oldest living man in Europe after Spaniard Francisco Núñez-Olivera's death on 29 January 2018, and later also the first German person to become 113 and 114 years old as well as the oldest living man in the world on 19 January 2019 after the death of Japaneseman Masazo Nonaka, who was almost 12 weeks older and became the oldest living man after Núñez-Olivera's death (Nonaka died on 20 January Japanese time). Nonaka and Gerneth were, after the death of Americanman Richard Overton (also a World War II-veteran) on 27 December 2018, the last two living men born before 1907.

paragraphs: Gerneth lived in Saxony-Anhalt in the same brick house with steep entrance stairs for over 40 years, before his death just a week after celebrating his 114th birthday.


title: Megalosauroidea

paragraphs: Megalosauroidea is a group of carnivorous theropod dinosaurs. They lived from the Middle Jurassic to the Late Cretaceous period. Members of the group include "Spinosaurus", "Megalosaurus", and "Torvosaurus".

paragraphs: The definition of the clade Megalosauroidea includes "Megalosaurus bucklandii" and all taxa that share a more recent common ancestor with it than they do with "Allosaurus fragilis" or the House Sparrow.

paragraphs: Here is a cladogram showing the relationships between different members of Megalosauroidea. It is based on a study by Carrano, Benson & Sampson (2012).


title: Revenue division

paragraphs: A revenue division is an administrative division of some of the Indian states. It is a geographic area covering many mandals (taluks). These mandals consists of villages. A revenue division is headed by a Revenue Divisional Officer.


title: Alipurduar district

paragraphs: Alipurduar district is a district in West Bengal, India. The headquarters of this district is Alipurduar city. This district was created in the year of 2014. This is the 20th district of West Bengal.

paragraphs: The district contains nine census towns and rural areas of 66 gram panchayats. These are under six community development blocks: Madarihat - Birpara, Alipurduar I, Alipurduar II, Falakata, Kalchini and Kumargram.

paragraphs: The nine census towns are Paschim Jitpur, Chechakhata, Alipurduar Railway Junction, Bholar Dabri, Sobhaganj, Falakata, Jaygaon and Uttar Latabari and Uttar Kamakhyaguri.


title: Purba Bardhaman district

paragraphs: Purba Bardhaman district is a newly created district of West Bengal. Bardhaman district of West Bengal was divided into two new districts. These were named Purba Bardhaman district and Paschim Bardhaman district. This district has its headquarters at Bardhaman city.

paragraphs: As of the 2011 Census of India, Purba Bardhaman district had a total population of 4,835,532. There were 2,469,310 (51%) males and 2,366,222 (49%) females. Population below 6 years was 509,855.


title: Kolkata district

paragraphs: Kolkata district is an administrative district of West Bengal. The city of Kolkata is headquarters of the district.

paragraphs: According to the 2011 census of India, Kolkata district has a population of 4,486,679.This gives it a ranking of 35th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of .


title: Aditi Sajwan

paragraphs: Aditi Sajwan (born 12 February 1991 in Dehradun, India) is an Indian television soap opera actress. She made her acting debut in Zee TV's "Meri Doli Tere Angana". After she entered Imagine TV's "Rajkumaar Aaryan" to play the role of Mayasheen, she played Yashoda in Jai Shri Krishna and she was seen in "Meera" as Meera , She was last seen on television Show "Chidiya Ghar" as Koyal.

paragraphs: Sajwan n.k has all her life lived in different states of India as her father Pradeep Shingh Sajwan had a transferrable job. She was born in Dehradun, India. Her mother, Vineeta Sajwan, is a housewife. Her younger brother is a student. Her sister is a corporate anchor by profession. Sajwan is a trends Bharata Natyam and Kathak dancer. She is also a singer. She moved to Mumbai to pursue her career as an actor. She completed her BMM degree from Mumbai itself along with her acting.


title: Steve Foster

paragraphs: Stephen Edward Foster (30 September 1946 – 25 January 2018), better known as Steve Foster, was an Australian singer-songwriter, guitarist and banjo and harmonica player. He was born in Murray Bridge, South Australia.

paragraphs: Foster's career had mostly been as a solo artist, but he has led some very successful bands as well including Inkase, Alcheringa, Head First and Limited Edition. He was the opening act on the Brian Cadd & the Bootleg Family Australian tour 1972-1973. He performed in The Mount Lofty Rangers.

paragraphs: In September 1972, was the release of Foster's award-winning debut solo album "Coming Home In A Jar" on the Bootleg Label.

paragraphs: In 1995 "Forever Blue", a co-write with Graham Goble, first recorded by Little River Band in 1986 on the album "No Reins", the last album recorded with John Farnham became a huge hit in Europe, rising into the Top 10.

paragraphs: Foster was an Australia Day Ambassador. He traveled each year to visit councils across South Australia to perform and explain what it means to be a proud Australian.

paragraphs: Foster died on 25 January 2018, in Adelaide, Australia of lung cancer at the age of 71.