title: Discovery (observation)

paragraphs: Discovery is the act of detecting something new, or something "old" that had been unknown. In science and academic disciplines, discovery is the observation of new phenomena. It is discovery of new actions, or new events. It provides new reasoning to explain the knowledge gathered through such observations. A discovery may sometimes be based on earlier discoveries, collaborations, or ideas. Some discoveries represent a radical breakthrough in knowledge or technology. Visual discoveries are often called sightings.

paragraphs: Before the 17th century, it took extraordinary genius to make even small discoveries. Men such as Galileo Galilei, Isaac Newton and many of their contemporaries made great discoveries. But their greatest contribution was in developing and furthering the scientific method. This was an organized method of making new discoveries. By the end of the century science literally exploded with new discoveries. Ordinary educated scientists could now do what only geniuses could do before. Ancient Greeks depended on observation and philosophy to come up with theories about the physical laws of the universe. Beginning in the 17th century scientists now used scientific proof of their discoveries through experiments. They also defended their discoveries against their peers. This was an important part of the scientific method.


title: Vafa Guluzade

paragraphs: Vafa Guluzade (; 21 December 1940 – 1 May 2015) was an Azerbaijani diplomat, political scientist and specialist in conflict resolution. He worked as Foreign Policy State Advisor for Azerbaijan President Heydar Aliyev between 1990 and 1999.

paragraphs: Guluzade was born in Baku to a Shia Muslim family. He was married to Leyla Ahmadova. They had a daughter (1974–2010).

paragraphs: Guluzade died from heart failure after surgery on 1 May 2015 in Baku. He was 74.


title: Michael J. Ingelido

paragraphs: Michael Joseph Ingelido (November 20, 1916 – April 28, 2015) was an American Air Force major general. He was Commander of the Fourteenth Aerospace Force, (Air Defense Command), Ent Air Force Base in Colorado. He joined the Air Force in 1941 less than two weeks before the attack on Pearl Harbor of World War II, and retired in 1972 during the Vietnam War.

paragraphs: Ingelido was born in Meriden, Connecticut. He married his wife Elinor Affinto Ingelido in 1942. They had three sons.

paragraphs: Ingelido died from a stroke on April 28, 2015 in Colorado Springs, Colorado, aged 98.


title: Dave Goldberg

paragraphs: David Bruce "Dave" Goldberg (October 2, 1967 – May 1, 2015) was an American businessman. He was a Yahoo! executive before joining SurveyMonkey in 2009, and later became CEO. He also co-founded LAUNCH Media with Bob Roback.

paragraphs: Goldberg was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota to a Jewish family. He graduated from Harvard University in 1989. He was married to Facebook COO Sheryl Sandberg and had two children.

paragraphs: Goldberg died on May 1, 2015 at a resort in Punta Mita, near Puerto Vallarta in southwest Mexico, aged 47. He died from head trauma and blood loss after falling off a treadmill.


title: Beth Whittall

paragraphs: Elizabeth "Beth" Whittall (May 26, 1936 – May 1, 2015) was a Canadian champion breaststroke and freestyle swimmer. At age 17, she won a silver medal at the 1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games in Vancouver, British Columbia. He won two gold medals at the 1955 Pan American Games in Mexico City, Mexico. In 1987, at the age of 50, she set a Canadian record in the 200-metre freestyle for competitors in the 50 to 54 age range.

paragraphs: Whittall was born in Montreal, Quebec. She studied pharmacy at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana, United States. She died on May 1, 2015, aged 78.


title: Sarah Correa

paragraphs: Sarah Gonçalves Correa (14 August 1992 – 2 May 2015) was a Brazilian competitive free-style swimmer. She won the gold medal in the 4×200-metre freestyle at the 2010 South American Games in Medellín, Colombia, beating the competition record. At the 2011 Pan American Games in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico, she won the silver medal in the 4×200-metre freestyle. Born in Rio de Janeiro, retired from swimming in 2014 to become a model.

paragraphs: Correa was hit by a car while waiting at a bus stop on 1 May 2015 near her home in Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro. She died the next day (2 May), aged 22.


title: Harry Geisinger

paragraphs: Harry Geisinger (October 31, 1933 – May 1, 2015) was an American politician for the Republican Party. He served in the Georgia House of Representatives from 1969 to 1975 and then from 2005 until his death.

paragraphs: Geisinger was born in Roswell, Georgia. He got his Bachelors's degree in business from the University of Cincinnati in Cincinnati, Ohio.

paragraphs: Geisinger died from leukemia on May 1, 2015, aged 81.


title: Michael Blake (author)

paragraphs: Michael Lennox Blake (July 5, 1945 – May 2, 2015) was an American author and screenwriter. He was best known for the movie adaptation of his novel "Dances with Wolves", for which he won an Academy Award and a Golden Globe.

paragraphs: Blake was born in Fort Bragg, North Carolina, and grew up in New Mexico, Texas and Southern California. He was married and had three sons.

paragraphs: Blake died after a long illness on May 2, 2015 in Tucson, Arizona. He was 69.


title: Extreme Rules (2015)

paragraphs: Extreme Rules (2015) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by WWE. It was held on April 26, 2015 at Allstate Arena in Rosemont, Illinois. It was the seventh Extreme Rules event held by the WWE.

paragraphs: The main event saw Seth Rollins defeat Randy Orton in a steel cage match to retain the WWE World Heavyweight Championship. In the match, Orton's RKO finisher was banned and Kane served as the gatekeeper for the cage.


title: Philip S. Goodman

paragraphs: Philip Solomon Goodman (February 20, 1926 – May 2, 2015) was an American screenwriter, producer, and movie director. He was best known for directing the drama movie "We Shall Return" (1963), starring Cesar Romero. He also wrote for television series such as "Profiles in Courage", "Danger", "Alfred Hitchcock Presents", "Rocky King Detective", and "Johnny Staccato". He also directed plays at the Actors Studio.

paragraphs: Goodman was born in New York City to Flora and Solomon Goodman. He graduated from Brooklyn College and the University of Southern California (USC). He served in the U.S. Army from 1944 to 1946 during World War II. He was married to Evelyn Twersky and had two children, Nicholas, a producer, and Jody, a lawyer.

paragraphs: Goodman died on May 2, 2015 in New York City, aged 89.


title: Abdul Wahid Aresar

paragraphs: Abdul Wahid Aresar (11 October 1949 – 3 May 2015) was a Pakistani politician. He was the was one of the heads of the Jeay Sindh Qaumi Mahaz (JSQM), a political party in Sindh. He was the chairman of the party in the 1990s.

paragraphs: Aresar died on 3 May 2015 at a private hospital in Karachi, aged 65.


title: Russi Taylor

paragraphs: Russell "Russi" Taylor (May 4, 1944 – July 26, 2019) was an American voice actress. She was best known for being the voice of Disney's Minnie Mouse since 1986. She also voiced numerous other Disney characters. Taylor was the wife of the late voice actor Wayne Allwine. He was the third voice of Mickey Mouse from 1991 until his death in 2009. In 2008 she received a Disney Legends award.

paragraphs: Taylor died from colon cancer on July 26, 2019, at her home in Glendale, California, at the age of 75.


title: Clarence Nash

paragraphs: Clarence Charles "Ducky" Nash (December 7, 1904 – February 20, 1985) was an American voice actor. He was the voice for Disney cartoon character Donald Duck for almost 50 years.


title: Dobri Dobrev

paragraphs: Dobri Dimitrov Dobrev () (born 20 July 1914 – 13 February 2018), better known as Grandpa Dobri, Elder Dobri (), or The Saint of Bailovo was a Bulgarian philanthropist. He walks several kilometers each day to sit or stand in front of the Cathedral of Alexander Nevsky in Sofia to collect money for charitable causes. Dobrev donates all the money he collects to charities, orphanages, churches and monasteries. He turned 100 in July 2014.

paragraphs: On 13 February 2018, Dobrev died at Kremikovtsi Monastery at the age of 103.


title: Ackerly, Texas

paragraphs: Ackerly is a city in Dawson and Martin Counties in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2010 Census, the population was 220.


title: Grace Lee Whitney

paragraphs: Grace Lee Whitney (born Mary Ann Chase; April 1, 1930 - May 1, 2015) was an American actress and entertainer. She was best known as Janice Rand on the "Star Trek" television series.

paragraphs: Whitney died at her home in Coarsegold, California on May 1, 2015 from natural causes, aged 85.


title: Revaz Chkheidze

paragraphs: Revaz "Rezo" Chkheidze (; 8 December 1926 – 3 May 2015) was a Georgian movie director. He was known for directing "Father of a Soldier" and "The Saplings", both of which entered at the Moscow Film Festival. He was awarded the title of People's Artist of the USSR in 1980.


title: Danny Jones (rugby league)

paragraphs: Danny Jones (6 March 1986 – 3 May 2015) was a Welsh professional rugby league footballer. He played at international level for Wales and at club level for Halifax and Keighley Cougars.

paragraphs: Jones died of cardiac arrest while playing in London. He was 29 years old.


title: Stuart Archer

paragraphs: Colonel Bertram Stuart Trevelyan Archer GC OBE ERD (3 February 1915 – 2 May 2015), known as Stuart Archer, was a recipient of the George Cross, the highest British and Commonwealth award for gallantry not in the face of the enemy.

paragraphs: On 3 February 2015 Archer became the first recipient of the Victoria Cross or the George Cross to reach 100 years of age.

paragraphs: Archer died on 2 May 2015 at the age of 100.


title: Karl Guthe Jansky

paragraphs: Karl Guthe Jansky (October 22, 1905 - February 14, 1950) was an American physicist and engineer. He worked in astronomy. In 1927, he discovered that the Milky Way emitted radio waves. This makes him one of the founding fathers of radio astronomy.


title: Konstantin K. Kuzminsky

paragraphs: Konstantin Konstantinovich Kuzminsky (; 16 April 1940 – 2 May 2015) was a Russian-American performance poet. He published "The Blue Lagoon Anthology of Modern Russian Poetry" as well as other publications including a collection of Russian poetry "The Living Mirror". He also appeared in many documentary movies, including two by Andrei Zagdansky.

paragraphs: Kuzminsky was born in Leningrad (now called Saint Petersburg). He moved to the United States from the Soviet Union in 1978. He was married to Emma, nicknamed "Mouse".

paragraphs: Kuzminsky died on 2 May 2015 in New York City, aged 75.


title: Abdul Basit Usman

paragraphs: Ahmad Akmad Usman y Batabol (1974 – 3 May 2015), better known as Abdul Basit Usman, was a Filipino Islamist and fugitive. He was a bomb making expert who was head of the Special Operations Group of the Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters and had links with Abu Sayyaf and Jemaah Islamiyah groups.

paragraphs: Usman was born in a village in Shariff Aguak, Maguindanao to a Muslim family. He worked as an Overseas Filipino Worker (OFW) in Pakistan before taking part in militant activities.

paragraphs: Usman was killed on 3 May 2014 in Guindulungan, aged 40/41.


title: Nigel Terry

paragraphs: Peter Nigel Terry (15 August 1945 – 30 April 2015) was an English stage and movie actor. He was best known by for his role of King Arthur in John Boorman's "Excalibur" (1981). He appeared in the movies "The Lion in Winter" (1968) and "Troy" (2004). He also appeared in the television series "Covington Cross", "Casualty", "Doctor Who", "" and "Waking the Dead".

paragraphs: Terry was born in Bristol, Gloucestershire. He died from emphysema on 30 April 2015, aged 69.


title: Duri Camichel

paragraphs: Duri Camichel (6 May 1982 – 28 April 2015) was a Swiss professional ice hockey player.


title: Paul Émile Chabas

paragraphs: Paul Émile Chabas (1869-1937) was a French painter. He was born in Nantes. He studied with William-Adolphe Bouguereau. He often travelled, to Norway, Algeria and Greece. During his lifetime, he was known for the portraits he painted. He liked to paint naked girls, in natural settings. Probably his best known work is "September Morning", dated 1912.


title: Human

paragraphs: A human is a member of the species "Homo sapiens", which means 'wise man' in Latin. Carolus Linnaeus put humans in the mammalian order of primates. Humans are a type of hominids, and chimpanzees, gorillas, bonobos and orangutans are their closest living relatives.

paragraphs: Humans are mammals. They are also social animals. They usually live in groups. They help and protect each other. They care for their children. Humans are bipedal, which means they walk on two legs.

paragraphs: Humans have a very complex brain, which is much larger than that of the other living apes. They use language, make ideas, and feel emotions. This brain, and the fact that arms are not needed for walking, lets humans use tools. Humans use tools far more than any other species.

paragraphs: There are humans living on every continent. As of 2020, there were over 7,600 million people living on Earth. Overpopulation is a problem.

paragraphs: Humans have a long period of development after birth. Their life depends less on instinct than other animals, and more on learning. Humans are also born with their brains not so well developed as those of other mammals. This makes for an unusually long childhood, and which makes family life important. If their brains were better developed at birth, they would be larger, and this would make birth more difficult. In birth, the baby's head has to get through the 'birth canal', a passageway through the mother's pelvis.

paragraphs: Many animals use signs and sounds to communicate with each other. But humans have a complex system called language. It allows them to express ideas by using words. Humans are capable of making abstract ideas and communicating them to others. Human language can express things that are not present, or talk about events that are not happening at that time. The things might be elsewhere, and the events may also have occurred at another place or time.

paragraphs: No known animals have a system of communication that is as elaborate as human language. By using words to communicate with each other, humans make complex communities with laws, traditions and customs. Humans like to understand the world around them. They try to explain things through myth, science and philosophy. Wanting to understand things has helped humans make important discoveries.

paragraphs: Humans are the only species living today known to build fires, to cook their food and wear clothes. Humans use more technology than any other animal on Earth ever has. Humans like things that are beautiful and like to make art, literature and music. Humans use education and teaching to pass on skills, ideas and customs to the next generations.

paragraphs: Humans are part of the animal kingdom. They are mammals, which means that they give birth to their young, and females feed their babies with breast milk. Humans belong to the order of primates. Apes like gorillas and orangutans are also primates. The closest living relatives of humans are the two chimpanzee species: the common chimpanzee and the bonobo. Scientists have examined the genes of humans and chimpanzees, and compared their DNA. The studies showed that 95% to 99% of the DNA of humans and chimpanzees is the same.

paragraphs: Biologists explain the similarity between humans and other hominoids by their descent from a common ancestor. In 2001, a hominid skull was discovered in Chad. The skull is about 7 million years old, and has been classified as "Sahelanthropus tchadensis". This skull may show that the date at which humans started to evolve (develop differently) from other primates is 2 million years earlier than scientists had previously thought.

paragraphs: Humans are part of a subfamily called the Homininae (or hominins), inside the hominids or great apes.

paragraphs: Long ago, there used to be other types of hominins on Earth. They were like modern humans, but not the same. "Homo sapiens" are the only type of hominins who are alive today. The earliest known fossils of genus "Homo" have been called "Homo habilis" (handy man). The first fossils of "Homo habilis" were found in Tanzania. "Homo hablilis" is thought to have lived about 2.2 to 1.7 million years ago. Another human species thought to be an ancestor of the modern human is "Homo erectus". There are other extinct species of "Homo" known today. Many of them were likely our 'cousins', as they developed differently than our ancestors. A theory called the Sahara pump theory has been used to tell how different species of plants and animals moved from Africa to the Middle East, and then elsewhere. Early humans may have moved from Africa to other parts of the world in the same way.

paragraphs: The first truly modern humans seem to have appeared between 300,000, and 200,000 years ago in East Africa. In paleontology, 200,000 years are a "short" time. So, scientists speak of a "recent single origin" of humans. These early humans later moved out from Africa. By about 90,000 years ago they had moved into Eurasia. This was the area where Neanderthals, "Homo neanderthalensis", had been living for a long time (at least 350,000 years).

paragraphs: By about 42 to 44,000 years ago "Homo sapiens" had reached western Europe, including Britain. In Europe and western Asia, "Homo sapiens" replaced the neanderthals by about 35,000 years ago. The details of this event are not known.

paragraphs: At roughly the same time "Homo sapiens" arrived in Australia. Their arrival in the Americas was much later, about 15,000 years ago. All these earlier groups of modern man were hunter-gatherers.

paragraphs: Early human history is commonly divided into three ages. The time periods are labeled with the material used for tools.

paragraphs: The "Stone Age" is commonly subdivided into the Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic periods.

paragraphs: Up to about 10 thousand years ago most humans were hunter-gatherers. They did not live in one place, but moved around as the seasons changed. The start of planting crops for food, called farming made the Neolithic revolution. Some people chose to live in settlements. This also led to the invention of metal tools and the training of animals. About 6000 years ago the first proper civilizations began in places like Egypt, India, and Syria. The people formed governments and armies for protection. They competed for area to live and resources and sometimes they fought with each other. About 4000 years ago some states took over or conquered other states and made empires. Examples include ancient Greece and the Roman Empire.

paragraphs: Some modern day religions also began at this time such as Judaism and Hinduism. From the Middle Ages and beyond humanity saw an explosion of new technology and inventions. The printing press, the car, the train, and electricity are all examples of this kind of invention. As a result of the developments in technology, modern humans live in a world where everyone is connected, for example by telephone or by internet. People now control and change the environment around them in many different ways.

paragraphs: In early times, humans usually settled near to water and other natural resources. In modern times if people need things they can transport them from somewhere else. So basing a settlement close to resources is no longer as important as it once was. Since 1800, the number of humans, or population, has increased by six billion. Most humans (61%) live in Asia. The rest live in the Americas (14%), Africa (14%), Europe (11%), and Oceania (0.5%).

paragraphs: Most people live in towns and cities. This number is expected to get higher. In 2005 the United Nations said that by the end of that year, over half the world would be living in cities. This is an important change in human settlement patterns: a century earlier in 1900 only 14% of people lived in cities, in 2000 47% of the world's population lived in cities. In developed countries, like the United States, 80% of the population live in cities.

paragraphs: Humans have a large effect on the world. Humans are at the top of the food chain and are generally not eaten by any animals. Humans have been described as super predators because of this. Because of industry and other reasons humans are said to be a big cause of global climate change.

paragraphs: Human body measurements differ. The worldwide average height for an adult human male is about , and the worldwide average height for adult human females is about . The average weight of an adult human is for females and for males. Body weight and body type is influenced by genetics and environment. It varies greatly among individuals.

paragraphs: Human hair grows on the underarms, the genitals, legs, arms, and on the top of the head in adults of both genders. Hair will usually grow on the face of most adult males, and on the chest and back of many adult males. In human children of both genders, long hair grows only on the top of the head. Although it might look like humans have fewer hairs than most primates, they actually do not. The average human has more hair "follicles", where hair grows from, than most chimpanzees have. Human hair can be black, brown, red or blond. When humans get older hair can turn grey or white.

paragraphs: Human skin colors vary greatly. They can be a very pale pink all the way to dark brown. There is a reason why people in tropical areas have dark skins. The dark pigment (melanin) in the skin protects them against ultraviolet rays in sunlight. The damage caused by UV rays can and does cause skin cancer in some people. Therefore, in more sunny areas, natural selection favors darker skin color. Sun tanning has nothing to do with this issue, because it is just a temporary process which is not inherited. In colder climates the advantage of light-colored skin is that it radiates less heat. Therefore, in less sunny areas, natural selection favors lighter skin color.

paragraphs: Humans are not as strong as other primates of the same size. An average female orangutan is at least three times as strong as an average human.

paragraphs: The average human male needs 7 to 8 hours sleep a day. People who sleep less than this are generally not as healthy. A child needs more sleep, 9 to 10 hours on average.

paragraphs: The human life cycle is quite like most other mammals. The young grow inside the female mother for nine months. After this time the baby is pushed out of the woman's vagina.

paragraphs: However, unlike most other mammals, human childbirth is somewhat dangerous. Babies' heads are large, and the mothers pelvis bones are not very wide. Since people walk on two legs, their hips are fairly narrow. This means that birth can be difficult. Rarely, mother or baby may die in childbirth. The number of mothers dying in childbirth is less in the 21st century. This is because of better medication and treatment. In many poor countries the number of mothers dying is higher. Sometimes it is up to 10 times as many as richer countries.

paragraphs: The average human baby weighs 3–4 kg at birth and is 50–60 cm tall. Babies are often smaller in poorer countries. Babies in poor countries may die early because of this.

paragraphs: Humans have four stages in their lives: childhood, adolescence, adulthood and old age.

paragraphs: Life expectancy is how long you are expected to live. This depends on many things including where you live. The highest life expectancy is for people from Monaco, 89.52 years. The lowest is for people from Chad where life expectancy is only 49.81 years.

paragraphs: Psychology is the study of how the human mind works. The human brain is the main controller of what a person does. Everything from moving and breathing to thinking is done by the brain. The human neocortex is huge compared with other mammals, and gives us our thinking ability, and the ability to speak and understand language.

paragraphs: Neurology is the study of how the brain works, psychology is the study of how and why people think and feel. Many aspects of life are also influenced by the hormone system, including growth and sexual development. The hormonal system (especially the pituitary gland) is partly controlled by the brain.

paragraphs: Human behaviour is hard to understand, so sometimes psychologists study animals because they may be simpler and easier to know. Psychology overlaps with many other sciences including medicine, biology, computer science and linguistics.

paragraphs: Language at its most basic is talking, reading and writing. The study of language is called linguistics. Humans have the most complicated languages on Earth. Although almost all animals communicate, human language is unique. Its use of syntax, and its huge learnt vocabulary are its main features. There are over 7,300 languages spoken around the world. The world's most spoken first language is Mandarin Chinese, and the most spoken language is English. This includes speakers of English as a second language.

paragraphs: Art has existed almost as long as humans. People have been doing some types of art for thousands of years as the picture on the right shows. Art represents how someone feels in the form of a painting, a sculpture or a photograph.

paragraphs: Music has also been around for thousands of years. Music can be made with only your voice but most of the time people use instruments. Music can be made using simple instruments only such as simple drums all the way up to electric guitars, keyboards and violins. Music can be loud, fast, quiet, slow or many different styles. Music represents how the people who are playing the music feel.

paragraphs: Literature is anything made or written using language. This includes books, poetry, legends, myths and fairy tales. Literature is important as without it many of the things we use today, such as Wikipedia, would not exist.

paragraphs: Humans often categorize themselves by race or ethnicity. Modern biologists know that human gene sequences are very similar compared to many other animals. This is because of the "recent single origin" of modern humans. That is one reason why there is only one human race.

paragraphs: Ethnic groups are often linked by linguistic, cultural, ancestral, and national or regional ties. Race and ethnicity can lead to different social treatment called racism.

paragraphs: Religion is a belief of faith in a higher being, spirit, or any system of ideas that a group of people believe in. To have faith in a belief is to have the belief without proof that it is true. Faith can bring people together because they all believe in the same thing. Some of the things religions talk about are what happens after death, why humans exist, how humans came to exist (creation), and what is good to do and not to do (morality). Some people are very religious. Many people believe in one all-powerful god; some people believe in more than one god; some people are atheists, who do not believe in a god; and some people are agnostics, who are not sure if there is a god.

paragraphs: Technology are the things and methods which humans use to make tasks easier. Science is understanding how the universe and the things in it work. Technology used to be quite simple. It was passed on by people telling others, until writing was invented. This allowed technology to develop much quicker. Now people understand more and more about the world and the universe. The use of the telescope by Galileo, Einstein's theory of relativity, lasers, and computing are all scientific discoveries. Technology is of great importance to science, to medicine, and to everyday life.

paragraphs: A war is a lethal fight between large groups of people, usually countries or states. A war involves the use of lethal weapons as both sides try to kill the other. It is estimated that during the 20th century, between 167 and 188 million humans died because of war. The people who fight for a state in wars are called soldiers. The people who fight in wars, but not for a state, are usually called "fighters".

paragraphs: Modern wars are very different from wars a thousand or even a hundred years ago. Modern war involves sabotage, terrorism, propaganda, and guerrilla warfare. In modern-day wars, civilians (people who are not soldiers) are often targets. An example of this is the nuclear bomb dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki at the end of World War II. The bombs killed as many as 140,000 people in Hiroshima and 80,000 in Nagasaki by the end of 1945, about half on the days of the bombings. Since then, thousands more have died from wounds or illness because of exposure to radiation released by the bombs. In both cities, the overwhelming majority of the dead were civilians. In Germany, Austria, and Great Britain, conventional bombs were used. About 60,595 British, and 550,000 German, civilians were killed by planes bombing cities.


title: Treehouse

paragraphs: Treehouses are platforms or buildings built into a tree. They are constructed around, next to, or in mature trees. They are usually above ground level. Tree houses can be used for recreation, work space or as an observation deck. A tree house can be a peaceful quiet place for seclusion or solitude.

paragraphs: Treehouses are often built for children to play. They are a natural extension of children's love of climbing trees. Treehouses can also be a casual retreat or working space, especially if provided with electricity. In many parts of the world guests can rent a treehouse. They can also stay in a treehouse hotel.

paragraphs: Sometimes they are built for protection against wild animals. In some parts of the tropics, houses are either fastened to trees or elevated on stilts. This is to keep the living quarters above the ground to protect occupants. A tree house can also be a place to store food from scavenging animals. The Korowai, a Papuan tribe in the southeast of Irian Jaya, live in tree houses. Some are nearly high (see image below). They are used as protection against a tribe of neighbouring head-hunters, the Citak.

paragraphs: Tree houses are an option for building eco-friendly houses in remote forest areas. They do not require a clearing of a certain area of forest. Because they are elevated or built into forested areas, they are not desirable to some people.


title: French touch

paragraphs: French touch or French house was a kind of house music, which became popular in France in the mid 1990s, and spread to the rest of Europe later.


title: Enter the Wu-Tang (36 Chambers)

paragraphs: Enter the Wu-Tang (36 Chambers) is the debut album by American hip-hop group Wu-Tang Clan released on November 9, 1993 by Loud Records. It was entirely produced by the group leader RZA.

paragraphs: The album has been considered to be one of the greatest hip-hop album in history.


title: Mike Richter

paragraphs: Michael Thomas Richter (born September 22, 1966) is an American retired professional ice hockey goaltender. He played parts of 14 years in the National Hockey League (NHL) all with the New York Rangers. He also played for the United States in international play and won a silver medal with them at the 2002 Winter Olympics. He was inducted into the United States Hockey Hall of Fame along with his former teammate Brian Leetch in 2008.

paragraphs: Before playing in the NHL, Richter played college hockey with the University of Wisconsin–Madison Badgers from 1985 until 1987. He also played 2 years in the International Hockey League (IHL) with the Colorado Rangers/Denver Rangers organization.

paragraphs: He was drafted 28th overall by the New York Rangers in the 1985 NHL Entry Draft. On April 9, 1989, Richter made his NHL debut in Game 4 of the Division Semifinals against the Pittsburgh Penguins.

paragraphs: The Rangers lost the game and were eliminated from the playoffs but Richter was chosen to be a regular member of the team. The next two seasons, he shared goaltending duties with John Vanbiesbrouck. When the Rangers traded Vanbiesbrouck to the Vancouver Canucks before the 1993–94 season, Richter became the Rangers starting goaltender. During his first year as the Rangers starter, he was able to record 42 wins and a 2.57 goals against average, as the Rangers won the Presidents' Trophy. Richter was also named the Most Valuable Player of the NHL All-Star Game that year.

paragraphs: Richter helped the Rangers reach the Stanley Cup Finals against the Vancouver Canucks. During Game 4, Richter made a career highlight when he was able to stop a penalty shot by Pavel Bure. The Rangers were able to defeat the Canucks in Game 7 and win the Stanley Cup, their first since 1940. He helped the United States win the 1996 World Cup of Hockey and was named as the Most Valuable Player.

paragraphs: Richter was able to record 300 regular season wins before he was forced to retire from playing professional ice hockey on September 3, 2003 because of a skull fracture and concussion. On February 4, 2004, the Rangers retired Richter's jersey #35.


title: Andrew Lewis (boxing)

paragraphs: Andrew Lewis (11 December 1970 – 4 May 2015), nicknamed "Six Heads", was a Guyanese professional boxer in the middleweight division. He was the WBA World Welterweight Champion.

paragraphs: Lewis was born in Georgetown. He died in a motorcycle accident, aged 44.


title: Ryan McHenry

paragraphs: Ryan McHenry (13 December 1987 – 2 May 2015) was a Scottish movie director. He was best known for the movie "Zombie Musical" in which he received a nomination for the Best Director at the 2011 British Academy Scotland New Talent Awards. He also created the popular "Ryan Gosling Won't Eat His Cereal" series on Vine.

paragraphs: McHenry was born in Dumfries. He died from osteosarcoma (a type of bone cancer), in Dumfries, aged 27.


title: Norman Thaddeus Vane

paragraphs: Norman Thaddeus Vane (July 7, 1928 – May 2, 2015) was an American screenwriter, producer, playwright and movie director. He served as writer for the 1968 movie "Mrs. Brown, You've Got a Lovely Daughter".

paragraphs: Later he was writer and associate producer of the movie "Lola". He wrote the screenplay for the 1972 movie, "". Vane went on to direct the 1983 movie, "Frightmare".

paragraphs: Vane died on May 2, 2015 from heart failure in Hollywood, California at age 86.


title: Joshua Ozersky

paragraphs: Joshua Ozersky (August 22, 1967 - May 4, 2015) was an American food writer and historian. He is known for being the finding editor of "New York" magazine's food blog, "Grub Street".


title: Macrococcus

paragraphs: Macrococcus is a genus of bacteria. The cells are coccoid or spherical. "Macrococcus" is gram-positive. It is catalase and oxidase-positive.


title: Ste-Anne Church (Ottawa)

paragraphs: Ste-Anne is a Catholic church building in the Lowertown neighbourhood of Ottawa, Canada. It was built in 1873 by architect J.P. LeCourt. It is built like churches in Quebec even though it is in Ontario. Ste-Anne is the home of St. Clement Parish, a bilingual parish community that celebrates the Mass and other sacraments in Latin using the 1962 Roman Missal.

paragraphs: In the 1870s, the French Catholics in Ottawa were meeting at Notre-Dame Cathedral. This church was too small for them, so Bishop Joseph-Bruno Guigues decided to make a new church. The church was designed by J.P. LeCourt and built by Pierre Rocque. Bishop Guigues laid the cornerstone on May 4, 1873.

paragraphs: In April 2009, part of the roof fell down. The church was closed for 18 months while the roof was fixed. When the church was opened again, not many people were meeting there anymore, so the Archdiocese of Ottawa closed it again. Archbishop Terrence Prendergast gave the church to St. Clement Parish, who started to meet there on June 3, 2012.

paragraphs: Ste-Anne Catholic Church is an important building in the history of Ottawa. The province of Ontario lists it as a designated heritage property. The church has a plaque that describes the history of the church.

paragraphs: The building is plain and made of stone. It has a round rose window like churches used to have in the Middle Ages. It has a steeple with four bells.


title: Frits Bolkestein

paragraphs: Frederik "Frits" Bolkestein (; born 4 April 1933) is a retired Dutch politician of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD). He served as a Member of the House of Representatives from 16 January 1978, until 5 November 1982.


title: Hans Jansen

paragraphs: Johannes Juliaan Gijsbert "Hans" Jansen (17 November 1942 - 5 May 2015) was a Dutch scholar of contemporary Islam and politician in the Netherlands. He was born in Amsterdam. Until his death he was a Member of the European Parliament for the political party Party for Freedom.

paragraphs: Jansen died of a stroke at the age of 72.


title: Carly Fiorina

paragraphs: Cara Carleton "Carly" Fiorina (née Sneed; born September 6, 1954) is an American businesswoman. Fiorina is known primarily for her tenure as Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Hewlett-Packard (HP) and as Chair of the philanthropic organization Good360. She ran for the Republican Party's nomination of President of the United States in 2016. In March 2016, Fiorina endorsed Ted Cruz for the nomination. On April 27, 2016, Cruz named Fiorina as his running mate. On May 3, 2016, Cruz dropped out of the race. On December 19, 2016, after Trump's victory in the election, the Electoral College convened; Fiorina received one electoral vote for Vice President of the United States.

paragraphs: As Chief Executive Officer of HP from 1999 to 2005, Fiorina was the first woman to lead a Top-20 company as ranked by "Fortune" Magazine. In 2002, Fiorina oversaw what was then the largest technology sector merger in history, in which HP acquired rival personal computer manufacturer, Compaq. The transaction made HP the world's largest seller of personal computers. HP subsequently laid off 30,000 U.S. employees in order to save 80,000 jobs. The company then grew to 150,000. In February 2005, she was forced to resign as CEO and Chair, following a boardroom disagreement.

paragraphs: Fiorina was born in Austin, Texas. Her parents were Joseph Tyree Sneed, III and Madelon Montross. She studied at Stanford University, at the University of Maryland, and at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

paragraphs: In 2002, Fiorina undertook the biggest high-tech merger in history with rival computer company Compaq, which made HP the world's largest personal computer manufacturer.

paragraphs: Fiorina performed unpaid service on the Defense Business Board, which looked at staffing issues, among others, at The Pentagon.

paragraphs: Fiorina spent two years leading the Central Intelligence Agency's External Advisory Board, from 2007 to 2009, and became chair of that board, when the board was first created in 2007 by then-CIA director Michael Hayden during the George W. Bush administration.

paragraphs: After resigning as CEO of HP, Fiorina served on the boards of several organizations and as an advisor to Republican John McCain's 2008 presidential campaign. She won a three-way race for the Republican nomination for the United States Senate from California in 2010 but lost the general election to incumbent Democratic Senator Barbara Boxer.

paragraphs: On November 4, 2009, Fiorina formally announced her candidacy in the 2010 Senate election in a bid to unseat incumbent Democrat Barbara Boxer.

paragraphs: On June 8, 2010, Fiorina won the Republican primary election for the Senate with over 50 percent of the vote, beating Tom Campbell and State Assemblyman Chuck DeVore.

paragraphs: On November 4, 2010, Boxer won the general election with 52.2% to Fiorina's 42.2%, a comfortable margin due to heavy turnout among Democrats especially in LA.

paragraphs: In May 2015, Fiorina announced she was running for President. She withdrew on February 10, 2016.

paragraphs: Fiorina was married to Todd Bartlem from 1977 until they divorced in 1984. Then, she married Frank Fiorina in 1985.

paragraphs: Fiorina is a Christian who believes that everyone is "equal in the eyes of God."


title: Austin St. John

paragraphs: Austin St. John (born Jason Geiger; September 17, 1974) is a American EMT and former actor and martial artist. He is best known for his role as Jason Lee Scott, the original Red Ranger and first leader of the Power Rangers on the television series "Mighty Morphin Power Rangers".

paragraphs: St. John holds a second-degree black belt in taekwondo, a first-degree black belt in judo, and is also a practitioner of kenpo. St. John has also worked as an emergency medical technician and firefighter in Washington, D.C. and on the East Coast.


River Avon


title: Avon River (Gippsland, Victoria)

paragraphs: The Avon River is a perennial river in the West Gippsland area of Victoria, Australia. When rain falls on the south eastern slopes of the Great Dividing Range, the water flows down the river to form the Gippsland Lakes.

paragraphs: The Avon River begins on the south eastern slopes of Mount Wellington, part of the Great Dividing Range. The river to the south, then east, then south by southeast, before reaching its mouth to form Lake Wellington. The Avon has ten tributaries including the Turton River and the Perry River. The Latrobe River also flows into Lake Wellington. This lake empties into Bass Strait through the Mitchell River south of Lakes Entrance. The Avon River drops over its course.

paragraphs: The upper parts of the river are inside the rugged, forested and largely inaccessible Avon Wilderness Park. The river then passes through hills covered in forest, and then through cleared farm land. Around Stratford the river is up to across, flowing through sand and pebble banks. Along the edge of the river is the Macallister Irrigation District. The water from this irrigation area flows into the river along Nuntin Creek which joins downstream of Stratford.

paragraphs: The Avon does not have any large dams, and its water is mostly unused. Nearby, the Latrobe and Thomson Rivers supply Melbourne's drinking water, Australia's largest pulp and paper mill, the power industry in the Latrobe Valley, and irrigation,

paragraphs: The Avon River was important to the indigenous Gunai/Kurnai people. At Knob Reserve, south of Stratford, is the Gunai/Kurnai "Bataluk Cultural Trail". This trail follows the paths used by the indigenous people of East Gippsland for 30,000 years.

paragraphs: In the Australian Aboriginal Brataualung language the river has two names, the first, Dooyeedang, has no known meaning. The second name, Kutbuntaura-wurk, means "fire carriers" and "wurk", meaning "land" or "country".

paragraphs: The river was named the Avoca River by the explorer Thomas Mitchell. It was named the Avon by Angus McMillan in about 1840.


title: J. M. Coetzee

paragraphs: John Maxwell Coetzee (born 9 February 1940) is a South African-Australian novelist, essayist, linguist, literacy critic, activist and translator. He won the 2003 Nobel Prize in Literature. He has won the Booker Prize twice for "The Life and Times of Michael K" (1983) and "Disgrace" (1999). He writes his works in English, Afrikaans and Dutch. He moved to Australia in 2002 and became a citizen in 2006.

paragraphs: Coetzee was born in Cape Town to Afrikaner parents. He studied at the University of Texas at Austin and the University of Cape Town. He lives in Adelaide, South Australia with his partner Dorothy Driver. He was married to Philippa Jubber from 1963 to 1980. They had two children, son Nicholas (died 1989) and daughter Gisela.


title: Québec En Alerte

paragraphs: Québec En Alerte (Alert Ready Quebec) is a public emergency communication system of the Canadian province of Quebec. It is also an additional system to those already used in the municipalities. This system will be used to distribute to the population of the province or a particular area the emergency notifications, or alerts, issued by the Ministry of Public Security and Environment Canada. The notifications are transmitted to the population via the television stations, the radio stations and the Internet.

paragraphs: At the moment, the system seems to be on trial.

paragraphs: On May 5, 2015 at 13:58 EDT, a test was done. However, it was not successful. An other simulation will be planned soon.

paragraphs: The messages are, at the moment, in French only.

paragraphs: A text in white on a red background interrupts the program. The message begins and ends with an audio signal, such as this one. In case of a test, there is a test message. In case of a real alert, there is a message including the information about the event and the instructions to the population.

paragraphs: The notification begins and ends with an audio signal. The message is read by a person or a special system.


title: Errol Brown

paragraphs: Lester Errol Brown MBE (12 November 1943 – 6 May 2015) was a British-Jamaican singer and songwriter. He was best known as the frontman of soul band Hot Chocolate. Hot Chocolate's hits included "You Sexy Thing", "Emma", "So You Win Again" and "Brother Louie". Brown was born in Kingston, Jamaica.

paragraphs: Brown died of liver cancer at his home in the Bahamas on 6 May 2015, aged 71.


title: William Broomfield

paragraphs: William S. "Bill" Broomfield, (April 28, 1922 – February 20, 2019) was an American politician. He represented the U.S. state of Michigan in the United States House of Representatives from 1957 through 1993.

paragraphs: Broomfield died on February 20, 2019 in Kensington, Maryland at the age of 96.


title: Arno Schmidt

paragraphs: Arno Schmidt (18 January 1914 – 3 June 1979) was a German author and translator. He was born in Hamburg, Germany. He is considered to be one of the most important postwar German authors.. His writing "ranges from (seemingly) straightforward stories to writing that assails the reader with a literary and linguistic density of the highest degree" .

paragraphs: To make his most famous work, "Zettels Traum" ["Bottom's Dream"], Schmidt wrote 130,000 note cards ("Zettel"). The novel is written in an unusual way. The text is written in three columns on each page. Each column has a different theme. In addition, Schmidt used physical constructs in the novel that had to be added by hand.


title: Spelt

paragraphs: Spelt ("Triticum spelta"), sometimes called dinkel wheat or hulled wheat, is a type of wheat. It has been cultivated since 5000 BC. It is a hexaploid wheat, which means it has six sets of chromosomes.

paragraphs: Spelt was an important staple food in parts of Europe from the Bronze Age to medieval times. It is still grown in Central Europe and northern Spain. Spelt originated before common wheat ("Triticum aestivum"), and that bread wheat is derived from spelt.

paragraphs: Spelt has become more popular as a type of bread in recent years. Spelt costs more than modern wheats. One reason is that it is a minority product. It also needs an extra stage to remove its husks before milling (grinding).

paragraphs: Spelt needs less pesticide than normal wheat. Nutritionally, wholemeal spelt is similar to normal wholemeal wheat, with higher protein content.

paragraphs: People with celiac disease should avoid eating spelt.


title: Lyceum

paragraphs: The Lyceum was originally a public meeting place in classical Athens. It became the meeting place for the discussion group or "school" of Aristotle. He founded the Peripatetic school there in 334/335 BC. The school was called "peripatetic" because they used to walk around as they discussed things. It was more like a college for young adults than what we now call a school.

paragraphs: The word "Lyceum" now means a school in most parts of Europe. Usually, it covers the last two or three years and prepares the pupils for university.

paragraphs: The school started when Athens fell under Macedonian rule, and the 50-year old Aristotle returned from Asia. Aristotle had been the tutor of Alexander of Macedonia, Alexander the Great.

paragraphs: In Athens, he began teaching regularly in the morning in the Lyceum. The group of scholars who took part came to be known as the Peripatetics.

paragraphs: Aristotle encouraged cooperative research. His students were given projects as part of their studies. The school was also student run. They elected a new student administrator every ten days, which allowed the students to become involved in turn.

paragraphs: During his conquests of Asian regions, Alexander collected plant and animal specimens for Aristotle’s research. Aristotle developed the first zoo and botanical garden in existence. Alexander may also have given money to the Lyceum. In 322 BC, Aristotle was forced to flee Athens with his family when the political leaders reacted against the Macedonians. Aristotle's published works supporting Macedonian rule left him a target. He passed on his Lyceum to Theophrastus and died later that year near his hometown.


title: Smoking (cooking)

paragraphs: Smoking is a treatment for food, to make it last longer. It is mainly used for meat and fish. The food which is either cured or salted is exposed to the smoke of a fire. This will reduce the amount of water by between ten and forty percent. It also changes the texture and adds flavour. It is not one of the most effective ways of adding any preservation


title: Guy Carawan

paragraphs: Guy Carawan (July 27, 1927 – May 2, 2015) was an American folk musician and musicologist. He served as music director and song leader for the Highlander Research and Education Center in New Market, Tennessee. He was born in Los Angeles, California.

paragraphs: Carawan died in New Market, Tennessee at the age of 87.


title: New Market, Tennessee

paragraphs: New Market is a town in Jefferson County, Tennessee. It is part of the Morristown, Tennessee Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 1,234 at the 2000 census and 1,334 at the 2010 census.


title: Salting (food)

paragraphs: Salting is a treatment for food to make it last longer. Salting means that the food is treated with table salt.

paragraphs: Salting is similar to pickling. In pickling, food is treated with brine. The main types of food that are salted are fish and meat. Bacon is an example of salted meat. It was discovered in the 19th century that salt mixed with nitrites (saltpeter) would color meats red, rather than grey, and consumers at that time then strongly preferred the red-colored meat. The food hence preserved stays healthy and fresh for days avoiding bacterial decay.

paragraphs: Salting is one of the ancient ways to preserve food.


title: Jesús Hermida

paragraphs: Jesús Hermida Pineda (27 June 1947 – 4 May 2015) was a Spanish journalist. He worked as a U.S. correspondent for Televisión Española in New York City. Hermida was born in Ayamonte, Huelva.

paragraphs: Hermida died from a stroke in Madrid at the age of 77.


title: Port Gibson, Mississippi

paragraphs: Port Gibson is a city in Claiborne County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 1,567 at the 2010 census. Port Gibson is the county seat of Claiborne County.


title: Pickling

paragraphs: Pickling is a method of making food last longer. In pickling, the food is put either into vinegar, or in salt water (called brine). This food is often put in an airtight jar. Pickling also changes the flavour of the food.

paragraphs: The key to pickling is that it produces low pH, 4.6 or lower. This kills most bacteria. Pickling can preserve perishable foods for months. Anti-microbial herbs and spices, such as mustard seed, garlic, cinnamon or cloves, are often added.

paragraphs: Common pickled foods include eggs, onions and other vegetables.


title: Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Ottawa

paragraphs: The Archdiocese of Ottawa () is a Catholic archdiocese in Canada. It includes part of the province of Ontario. It is also in charge of three other smaller dioceses: Hearst, Pembroke, and Timmins. Its leader is Archbishop Terrence Prendergast. It became an archdiocese on June 8, 1886.

paragraphs: As of 2004, there are 111 parishes, 177 active diocesan priests, 102 religious priests, and 400,000 Catholics in the Archdiocese of Ottawa.There are also 848 women religious, 147 religious brothers, and 60 permanent deacons.

paragraphs: Here is a list of the bishops and archbishops of Ottawa:


title: Curing (food preservation)

paragraphs: Curing refers to several processes of food preservation where salt, nitrates, nitrites or sugar is added to make the food last longer. Curing is usually applied to fish, meat and vegetables.


title: Take-out

paragraphs: Take-out or takeout (also called "carry-out", "take away" or "parcel") is food prepared in a restaurant that is eaten somewhere else. A concept found in many ancient cultures, take-out food is now common worldwide. There are any number of different cuisines and dishes to choose from.

paragraphs: The concept of prepared meals to be eaten elsewhere dates back to antiquity. Market and roadside stalls selling food were common in both Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. In Pompeii, archaeologists have found a number of "thermopolia". These were service counters opening onto the street, which provided food to be taken away and eaten elsewhere. There is a distinct lack of formal dining and kitchen area in Pompeian homes. This suggests that eating, or at least cooking, at home was unusual. Over 200 "thermopolia" have been found in the ruins of Pompeii.


title: Emil Jones

paragraphs: Emil Jones, Jr. (born October 18, 1935 in Chicago, Illinois) was the President of the Illinois Senate from 2003 to 2009. A Democrat, Jones served in the Illinois Senate from 1983 to 2009, where he served as President of the Illinois Senate from 2003 to the end of his term. He was a member of the Illinois House of Representatives from 1973 until 1983.

paragraphs: Jones was born in Chicago, Illinois. He studied at Loop Junior College (now Harold Washington College) and at Roosevelt University. He was married twice. His first wife, Patricia Jones died. He had four children with her. He is now married to Lorrie Jones.


title: John Cullerton

paragraphs: John J. Cullerton (born October 28, 1948) is an American politician. He is a Democratic member of the Illinois Senate. He represents the 6th district since his appointment in 1991. He was elected President of the Illinois Senate in 2009.


title: Ruud Lubbers

paragraphs: Rudolphus Franciscus Marie "Ruud" Lubbers (; 7 May 1939 – 14 February 2018) was a Dutch politician of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA). He served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 4 November 1982 until 22 August 1994. He was the youngest and longest serving Prime Minister in Dutch history.

paragraphs: In January 2001, Lubbers became the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. He resigned in February 2005 after a worker accused Lubbers of sexual harassment.

paragraphs: Lubbers died on 14 February 2018 in Rotterdam, at the age of 78.


title: Dries van Agt

paragraphs: Andreas Antonius Maria "Dries" van Agt (; born 2 February 1931) is a retired Dutch politician of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA). He served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 19 December 1977, until 4 November 1982.


title: Ray Bourque

paragraphs: Raymond Jean Bourque (born December 28, 1960) is a former Canadian ice hockey player. He played for the Boston Bruins team. He currently holds records for most career goals, assists and points by a defenceman in the National Hockey League (NHL). Bourque is also an Olympian. He played for 21 seasons for the Boston Bruins. He was their longest-serving captain. On March 6, 2000 the Bruins traded Bourque to Colorado with Dave Andreychuk for Brian Rolston, Martin Grenier, Samuel Pahlsson and New Jersey's 1st round choice (previously acquired by Colorado) in 2000 Entry Draft. Bourque finished his career with the Colorado Avalanche. There he won his only Stanley Cup in his final NHL game. He officially announced his retirement on June 26, 2001.

paragraphs: Bourque was awarded the Norris Trophy as the NHL's best defenseman five times (1987, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1994) . His jersey, #77 for both the Boston Bruins and the Colorado Avalanche, was retired by both teams in his honor. In his first year of eligibility, 2004, Bourque was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame.


title: Thaliacea

paragraphs: Thaliacea are free-floating animals with a ton-like appearance. Thaliaceae are Tunicates. They are filter feeders and live from plankton. Their reproduction is special, there is alternation of generations: One of the generations reproduces sexually, the following does not. Some of them form colonies.


title: Zeki Alasya

paragraphs: Zeki Alasya (18 April 1943 – 8 May 2015) was a Turkish actor and director. He began his acting career in the 1970s on television and movies, and directed about 20 movies. He also worked with comedian Metin Akpınar.

paragraphs: Alasya was born Istanbul and was of Turkish Cypriot ancestry. He died from liver disease, aged 72.


title: Józef Pazdur

paragraphs: Józef Pazdur (22 November 1924 – 7 May 2015) was a Polish Roman Catholic bishop. He became a priest in 1951. He was later named auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Wrocław in 1984, and retired in 2000.


title: Soma

paragraphs: Soma is a term with two different origins:


title: Atanas Semerdzhiev

paragraphs: Atanas Georgiev Semerdzhiev (21 May 1924 – 8 May 2015) was a Bulgarian politician. He served as the Vice President of Bulgaria from 1 August 1990 to 22 January 1992, under Zhelyu Zhelev. He was Army Chief of Staff from 1962 until the fall of communism in 1989. He was a member of the Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP).

paragraphs: Semerdzhiev was born near Velingrad. He was a soldier during World War II.

paragraphs: Semerdzhiev died on 8 May 2015, aged 90.


title: Menashe Kadishman

paragraphs: Menashe Kadishman (lrm;; 21 August 1932 – 8 May 2015) was an Israeli sculptor and painter. He presented his artworks in central locations in Israel, such as Habima Square. His paintings can be found in many different galleries in Israel. He is most famous for his metallic sculptors and colorful sheep paintings. In 1995, he won the Israel Prize.

paragraphs: Kadishman was born in Tel Aviv. He was divorced and had two children.

paragraphs: Kadishman died on 8 May 2015 in Ramat Gan, aged 82.


title: Zhivko Gospodinov

paragraphs: Zhivko Gospodinov (; 6 September 1957 – 4 May 2015) was a Bulgarian footballer. He was an attacking midfielder and playmaker. He played for Spartak Varna, Vatev Beloslav, Spartak Pleven, AD Fafe, Cherno More Varna and Beroe Stara Zagora from 1974 to 1992.

paragraphs: Gospodinov was born in Vladimirovo. He died on 4 May 2015 in Varna, aged 57.


title: Kava

paragraphs: Kava is a plant of the pepper family. It comes from Polynesia and other lands in the Pacific Islands.

paragraphs: The roots of the plant are used to make a drink with sedative and anesthetic properties. Kava is used in many cultures in the Pacific Ocean, besides its native Polynesia. These include Hawaii, Vanuatu, Melanesia and some parts of Micronesia.

paragraphs: Kava is pain-relieving, calming. and is usually taken as a drug to relax without losing mental clarity in thinking and remembering . Evidence collected in studies show it is likely to be more effective than a placebo at helping calm some mild anxiety.


title: John Dixon (cartoonist)

paragraphs: John Dangar Dixon (20 February 1929 – 7 May 2015) was an Australian comic book artist and writer. He was best known for his comic strip creation, "Air Hawk and the Flying Doctors", which ran from 1959 until 1986.

paragraphs: Dixon was born in Newcastle, New South Wales. He moved to the United States in the 1980s. In 2012, he was diagnosed with Lewy body dementia (LBD), a type of dementia related to Parkinson's disease. He was married to Sue and had two children.

paragraphs: Dixon had a stroke on 18 April 2015 at his home in the U.S. state of California. He died on 7 May, aged 86.


title: Lo Wing-lok

paragraphs: Lo Wing-lok (; 13 September 1954 – 9 May 2015) was a Hong Kong doctor and politician. He was a member of the Legislative Council for Medical from 2000 to 2004.

paragraphs: Lo was born in British Hong Kong. He graduated from the University of Hong Kong. His wife, Anna Yung Hiu-yan, died in 2013. They had a son.

paragraphs: Lo died from lung cancer on 9 May 2015 in Hong Kong, aged 60.


title: Leif Holger Larsen

paragraphs: Leif Holger Larsen (27 January 1954 – 8 May 2015) was a Norwegian diplomat. From 2014 until his death in 2015, he served as Norway's ambassador to Pakistan.

paragraphs: Larsen was born in Stavanger. He was married and had a son. Larsen died on 8 May 2015 in a helicopter crash in Naltar, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. He was 61.


title: Domingo Lucenario, Jr.

paragraphs: Domingo D. Lucenario, Jr. (3 September 1960 – 8 May 2015) was a Filipino diplomat. From 2013 until his death, he was the Ambassador to Pakistan.

paragraphs: Lucenario was born in Manila. He was married and had three children.

paragraphs: Lucenario died on 8 May 2015 in a helicopter crash in Naltar, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. He was 54.


title: 2015 Pakistan Army Mil Mi-17 crash

paragraphs: The 2015 Pakistan Army Mil Mi-17 crash happened on 8 May 2015 when a Pakistan Army helicopter crashed in Naltar, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Of the 17 passengers and three crew, eight people died, including ambassadors Domingo Lucenario, Jr. from the Philippines, Leif Holger Larsen from Norway, and Burhan Muhammad from Indonesia.


title: Phil Skoglund

paragraphs: Philip Charles "Phil" Skoglund (20 June 1937 – 8 May 2015) was a New Zealand lawn bowls player. He competed in three Commonwealth Games (1974, 1978, 1990). He competed in five World Championships (1966, 1972, 1980, 1984, 1988), winning a gold medal (triples 1988).

paragraphs: Skoglund was born in Palmerston North. He was the son of politician and cabinet minister Philip Oscar Skoglund and nephew of champion lawn bowls player Pete Skoglund.

paragraphs: Skoglund died on 8 May 2015 in Palmerston North, aged 77.


title: Maurice Flanagan

paragraphs: Sir Maurice Flanagan (17 October 1928 – 7 May 2015) was a British businessman. He was the founding CEO of Emirates. He was also the Executive Vice-Chairman of The Emirates Group.

paragraphs: Flanagan was born in Leigh, Lancashire. He was married to Audrey Bolton from 1955 until his death. They had three children. He lived in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.

paragraphs: Flanagan died on 7 May 2015 in London, aged 86.


title: Michael MacKellar

paragraphs: Michael John Randal MacKellar (27 October 1938 – 9 May 2015) was an Australian politician and agricultural scientist. He was the Liberal Member for Warringah from 25 October 1969 until 18 February 1994.

paragraphs: MacKellar was born in Moree, New South Wales. He had a partner and had three children. He died at the age of 76.


title: .5: The Gray Chapter

paragraphs: .5: The Gray Chapter is the fifth studio album by American heavy metal band, Slipknot. ".5: The Gray Chapter" was released on October 17, 2014 through Roadrunner Records.

paragraphs: It is Slipknot's first album to not feature bassist Paul Gray who died on May 24, 2010. It also did not feature drummer Joey Jordison who was fired from the band in December 2013.

paragraphs: The album peaked at #1 on the "Billboard" 200, #18 on the Top Hard Rock Albums, and at #2 on the Top Rock Albums. In 2014, the song "The Negative One" was nominated for a Grammy Award in the category of Best Metal Performance.


title: My Immortal

paragraphs: "My Immortal" is the third single off American rock band Evanescence's first studio album "Fallen". The song was released in December 8, 2003.

paragraphs: The song was written by guitarist Ben Moody except for the bridge. It is a piano and power ballad. The lyrics of the song are about a spirit that haunts the memory of a grieving loved one. It is based on a short story that Moody had written before.

paragraphs: On the "Billboard" charts, "My Immortal" was able to peak at #7 on Hot 100, #2 on the Mainstream Top 40, #1 on the Adult Top 40, and #19 on the Adult Contemporary charts. In 2005, the song was nominated for a Grammy Award in the category of Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals.


title: Nagoya University

paragraphs: , also known as , is a university in Nagoya, Japan. Its first name was "Nagoya Imperial University".

paragraphs: Six alumni and faculties of Nagoya University have received the Nobel Prize.


title: Igor Gorynin

paragraphs: Igor Vasilievich Gorynin (; 10 March 1926 – 9 May 2015) was a Russian metallurgist and politician. He was the creator of many new titanium and aluminium alloys, and reactor steels. He was also the inventor of the radiation hardened steels. He was the director of the Central Research Institute of Structural Materials (CRISM).

paragraphs: Gorynin was born in Leningrad. He died after a long illness on 9 May 2015 in Saint Petersburg, aged 89.


title: Mind control wasp

paragraphs: Hymenoepimecis argyraphaga is a Costa Rican parasitoid wasp whose host is the spider "Plesiometa argyra". The wasp modifies the spider's web building behavior to make a web of very strong lines. This supports the wasp's cocoon without breaking in the rain.

paragraphs: The adult female wasp temporarily paralyzes the spider and lays an egg on its abdomen. The egg hatches into a larva. The larva sucks the spider's blood through small holes, while the spider goes on about its normal web building and insect catching behavior.

paragraphs: When the larva is ready to pupate, it injects a chemical into the spider. This causes the spider to build a web whose design is completely different from any it has ever made. Then the spider sits still in the middle of the web.

paragraphs: The wasp larva then moults, kills the spider with a poison and sucks its body dry before discarding it and building a cocoon that hangs from the middle of the web the spider has just built. The larva pupates inside the cocoon, then emerges to mate and begin the cycle over again.


title: Don Getty

paragraphs: Donald Ross "Don" Getty, (August 30, 1933 – February 26, 2016) was a Canadian politician and football quarterback. He served as the 11th Premier of Alberta between 1985 and 1992.

paragraphs: A member of the Progressive Conservatives, he served as Energy Minister and Federal and Intergovernmental Affairs Minister in the government of Peter Lougheed before leaving politics for the private sector in 1979.

paragraphs: Before entering politics, Getty had been a quarterback for the Edmonton Eskimos of the Canadian Football League. He passed for more than eight thousand yards over his ten-year career, and was put on the team's Wall of Fame in 1992.

paragraphs: Getty died of heart failure at a hospital in Edmonton, Alberta on February 26, 2016 at the age of 82.


title: Glyptapanteles

paragraphs: Glyptapanteles is a genus of endoparasitoid wasp found in Central and North America. The larvae of the members of "Glyptapanteles" manipulate their hosts into serving as bodyguards.

paragraphs: Female "Glyptapanteles" stick their ovipositor into caterpillar hosts. The eggs hatch inside the caterpillar. The caterpillar feeds and grows normally until the 4th or 5th instar. Then up to 80 fully grown larvae emerge from its body to pupate.

paragraphs: After the larvae of "Glyptapanteles" emerge, the caterpillar takes up position near the cocoons of the pupae, arches its back, and ceases to move or feed. It will occasionally spin silk over the pupae. However, when disturbed, it begins to thrash violently. This behavior is to strike at and repel possible predators of the pupae, so improving the survival odds of the wasp pupae. Only about one in twenty non-parasitized caterpillars responded in this fashion. In 60% of cases, the parasitized caterpillars successfully warded off these potential predators. No longer eating, the affected caterpillar eventually dies.

paragraphs: Mortality rates for pupae not guarded by parasitized caterpillars were significantly higher.

paragraphs: In the course of Grosman's research, it was discovered that not all larval "Glyptapanteles" emerge from their caterpillar host. One or two remain behind and active. Probably these larvae manipulate the host. It is a kind of altruism, since these larvae miss their own chance of pupating in order to protect the brood.


title: Jacques Parizeau

paragraphs: Jacques Parizeau, GOQ, (; August 9, 1930 – June 1, 2015) was a Canadian economist and noted Quebec sovereigntist. He was born in Montreal. He was the 26th Premier of the province of Quebec from September 26, 1994, to January 29, 1996.


title: Polydnavirus

paragraphs: The polydnaviruses (PDV) are a family of insect viruses. There are two genera: ichnoviruses (IV) and bracoviruses (BV). The ichnoviruses occur in ichneumonid wasps and bracoviruses in braconid wasps.

paragraphs: The genome of the virus is composed of multiple segments of double-stranded DNA packed in capsid proteins and a double or single layer envelope. The sequences are quite different between BV and IV, suggesting that the two types evolved independently.

paragraphs: These viruses are part of a unique biological system with three parts: a parasitoid wasp, an insect (usually lepidopteran) larva, and the virus. The full genome of the virus is integrated into the genome of the wasp and the virus only replicates in a particular part of the ovary of pupal and adult female wasps.

paragraphs: The virus is injected with the wasp egg into the body cavity of a host caterpillar and infects cells of the caterpillar. The infection does not lead to replication of new viruses, rather it affects the caterpillar's immune system. Without the virus infection, phagocytic haemocytes (blood cells) will kill the wasp egg. The immune suppression caused by the virus allows the wasp egg to survive. It hatches and develops in the caterpillar. Also, genes from the polydnavirus in the host alter host development and metabolism to be good for the growth and survival of the parasitoid larva. Thus the virus and wasp have a symbiotic (mutualistic) relationship.


title: Bill Davis

paragraphs: William Grenville "Bill" Davis, (born July 30, 1929) is a Canadian politician. He was born in Toronto. He was the 18th Premier of Ontario, Canada, from 1971 to 1985.

paragraphs: In a 2012 edition, the Institute for Research on Public Policy's magazine, "Policy Options", named Davis the second-best Canadian premier of the last forty years, beaten only by Peter Lougheed.


title: Dave Barrett

paragraphs: David Barrett (October 2, 1930 – February 2, 2018), commonly known as Dave Barrett, was a Canadian retired politician and social worker in British Columbia, Canada. He was the 26th Premier of British Columbia for three years between 1972 and 1975. He was born in Vancouver, British Columbia.

paragraphs: In 2014, it was announced that Barrett had Alzheimer's disease and was living in a care facility in Victoria, British Columbia. He died on February 2, 2018, aged 87.


title: Howard Pawley

paragraphs: Howard Russell Pawley (November 21, 1934 – December 30, 2015) was a Canadian politician and professor. He was born in Brampton, Ontario. He moved to Winnipeg at age 17. He was the 18th Premier of Manitoba from 1981 to 1988.

paragraphs: Pawley died in a hospital in Windsor, Ontario from a short-illness on December 30, 2015 at the age of 81.


title: Roger Stuart Bacon

paragraphs: Roger Stuart Bacon (born June 29, 1926) is a retired Nova Scotia politician. He was born in Upper Nappan, Nova Scotia. He was the 21st Premier of Nova Scotia from 1990 to 1991.


title: Gerald Regan

paragraphs: Gerald Augustine Paul Regan (February 13, 1928 – November 26, 2019) was a Canadian politician. He served as the 19th Premier of Nova Scotia from 1970 to 1978.

paragraphs: On October 27, 1993, CBC News revealed that the RCMP were investigating Regan for sexual misconduct. In March 1995 and May 1995 he was charged with a total of nineteen counts of sexual offences. Regan faced trial on eight charges including rape and attempted rape, for crimes committed in 1956 and 1969 against victims aged 14 and 18 at the time.

paragraphs: On December 18, 1998, he was acquitted on all eight charges by a jury.

paragraphs: Regan died on November 26, 2019 in Bedford, Nova Scotia at the age of 91.


title: Martin Nag

paragraphs: Martin Nag (30 July 1926 – 2 May 2015) was a Norwegian literary historian, literary critic, poet, essayist, translator and biographer. He was born in Stavanger. Nag was known for his books "Uro, Rød lørdag" (1976) and "Steingjerde" (1991).

paragraphs: Nag died of a severe stroke in Oslo at the age of 88.


title: Kinnie

paragraphs: Kinnie is a carbonated soft drink from Malta. It was first developed in 1952 by Simonds Farsons Cisk in Malta. Kinnie is amber in colour. It has a bittersweet flavour. Kinnie is drunk straight or mixed with alcohol to create a mixed drink. Unlike cola products Kennie actually quenches thirst. The taste takes some getting used to. But it is very popular with locals and visitors.

paragraphs: Kinnie was first produced in 1952. It was an alternative to the cola drinks that were popular in post-war Europe. Kinnie's recipe is kept secret. The official website has more information about its ingredients. Kinnie may owe its bittersweet taste to a blend of "Mediterranean chinotto bitter oranges". It may be combined with a dozen different aromatic herbs and spices. These include anise, ginseng, vanilla, rhubarb and liquorice. A sales slogan was: "The problem with drinking kinnie is that you just can not get enough".

paragraphs: A diet version for Kinnie appeared in 1984. In 2007, a new low calorie version of Kinnie called "Kinnie Zest" was made available. This has a slightly darker colour and a stronger orange flavour. It is advertised as only having one calorie per bottle. The latest Kinnie variant is "Kinnie Vita" which is naturally sweetened using a blend of sugar and stevia leaf extract.

paragraphs: Kinnie is exported to the UK, Italy, Germany, Poland and the Netherlands, It is also exported to Libya and Canada. In recent years, Simonds Farsons Cisk also started to franchise Kinnie production overseas. As a result, Kinnie is now produced under licence in Australia. In March 2009, it was announced that Farsons were going to start exporting Kinnie into Russia. In the summer of 2010, Farsons and Kinnie UK Limited soft-launched Kinnie and its two variants in London's West End. They reached almost 100 trial outlets by September 2010.


paragraphs: The UNAD or Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia is a public institution in Colombia. It has 75,000 students, of which 60,000 students study undergraduate programs (higher education) and 15,000 study other courses.


title: Russell Wilson

paragraphs: Russell Carrington Wilson (born November 29, 1988) in Cincinnati, Ohio is the starting quarterback for the Seattle Seahawks. He wears the number 3.

paragraphs: Wilson was selected by the Seahawks in the third round in the 2012 National Football League draft. He lead the Seahawks to a Super Bowl win in 2014 against the Denver Broncos lead by Peyton Manning.


title: South Park (season 1)

paragraphs: The first season of South Park had 13 episodes. It ran from August 13, 1997 to February 25, 1998.


title: South Park (season 2)

paragraphs: The second season of South Park aired from April 1, 1998 to January 20, 1999.


title: Nymphaea pubescens

paragraphs: The hairy water lily or pink water-lily ("Nymphaea pubescens") is a species of water lily. It is the Official National flower of Bangladesh respectively.


title: Nana Shineflug

paragraphs: Elizabeth "Nana" Shineflug (1935 - 15 January 2015) was an American dancer and choreographer. She started and led the Chicago Moving Company, a modern-dance troupe. Her style was not traditional: "Shineflug nurtured our God-given right to weirdness...," according to critic Laura Molzahn.

paragraphs: Shineflug's maiden name was Elizabeth Strohmeier. She grew up in Evanston, Illinois.

paragraphs: Shineflug graduated from Northwestern University with a degree in mathematics. Later, she was awarded an M.A. (1986) and Graduate Certificate in Laban Movement Analysis from Columbia College, Chicago.

paragraphs: In 1972, she started the Chicago Moving Company. She taught at Columbia College Chicago in the Interdisciplinary Arts Graduate Program and the Theater Department. Shineflug also taught modern dance, Qi Gong, and Psychocalesthenics through the Chicago Moving Company. She also performed and taught in other countries.

paragraphs: Nana Shineflug died of cancer in her Glenview, Illinois home on 15 January 2015. She was seventy-nine years old.


title: Indian banyan

paragraphs: The Indian banyan or Bot "(Ficus benghalensis)" is a tree that grows in India and Bangladesh. Some Indian banyan trees are among the largest trees in the world. It is recognized as the National trees of both the countries of the Indian subcontinent. It is the largest canopy-holder tree of the world. It can spread up to 2000 feet of land. It is said by its scientific name that, this mammoth tree is native and endemic to the Great Bengal Region (both Bangladesh and West Bengal of India). In Buddhism the banyan’s habit of supplanting its host tree is likened to the manner in which humans are overcome by sensual desire. Interestingly, the name ‘banyan’ came about when early Portuguese travellers to India noted that traders, or banias, set up shop in the shade of these enormous trees. Eventually the Gujarati word for ‘merchant’ became the name of the tree itself. When traveling in the fascinating country of Bangladesh, be sure to take note of the most unusual banyan tree.


title: Johnny Gimble

paragraphs: John Paul "Johnny" Gimble (May 30, 1926 – May 9, 2015) was an American country musician. He played the fiddle and worked in the Western swing genre. From the 1970s, he won five Best Instrumentalist awards from the Country Music Awards and eight Best Fiddle Player awards from the Academy of Country Music.

paragraphs: He worked with musicians including Merle Haggard, Willie Nelson, Chet Atkins, Carrie Underwood and Ray Price. He appeared on "Austin City Limits" and Garrison Keillor's broadcasts. He was also a member of the Million Dollar Band and his last album was "Celebrating with Friends" (2010). Gimble was nominated for a Grammy Award.

paragraphs: Gimble was born in Tyler, Texas. He had many strokes in his later life and died on May 9, 2015 in Dripping Springs, Texas. He was 88.


title: Rutger Gunnarsson

paragraphs: Rutger Gunnarsson (12 February 1946 – 8 May 2015) was a Swedish musician, bass guitarist, arranger and record producer. He was best known as a bassist for ABBA on tours and their albums, serving as a Kapellmeister. He also worked with artists including Celine Dion, Westlife, Elton John, Adam Ant, Bobbysocks, Gwen Stefani, Elin Lanto, Joyride and Alla Pugacheva.

paragraphs: Gunnarsson was born in Linköping Municipality, Östergötland County. He died in Stockholm, aged 69.


title: Ontario Heritage Act

paragraphs: The Ontario Heritage Act is a law that was made on March 5, 1975. It lets the Province of Ontario and cities protect important buildings and other places. These places are called designated heritage properties.

paragraphs: If a place is listed as an important place under the "Act", the person who owns the place needs to ask the government of their city to let them change any of the important parts of the place. They also need to ask the government to let them destroy any buildings.

paragraphs: Before 2005, people could still destroy buildings that were listed as important, even if the government of the city did not want to let them. They did this by waiting for 180 days after asking to destroy the building. Once 180 days were over, if the people who owned the buildings did not agree with the government of the city, the people who owned the buildings could destroy the building.

paragraphs: In 2005, the provincial government changed the Act. People who own important buildings are not allowed to destroy the buildings any more if the government of the city does not let them. If the government of the city does not let them destroy the building, they are allowed to ask the Conservation Review Board to let them do it anyway. If the Conservation Review Board does not let them destroy the building, then the person who owns the building is not allowed to destroy the building.

paragraphs: The change also says that people who own important buildings must take care of them so that the buildings will not fall.

paragraphs: There are some problems with the Ontario Heritage Act. Sometimes the government of a city will say that a place is important because they do not want anyone to make changes to the place, even though the place is not important. For example, one city said that a golf course was important because someone wanted to build houses there instead.

paragraphs: Another problem is that there are a lot of old churches that are important, but the people who use the churches sometimes need to make changes to the buildings because of their religion. The government of the city needs to be careful to let the people practice their religion but also needs to take care of the building.

paragraphs: Another problem is that there are a lot of buildings in Ontario that belong to the Government of Canada. These buildings are not protected by the "Act". The Government of Canada has laws that protect some of these buildings, but not all of them.


title: Terrence Prendergast

paragraphs: Terrence Thomas Prendergast, SJ (born 19 February 1944) is the Archbishop of Ottawa, Canada. He was formerly the Archbishop of Halifax. Prior to that he was the titular (in title only) Bishop of Slebte and Auxiliary Bishop of Toronto.

paragraphs: Prendergast was born in Montreal. He became a Jesuit priest in 1972. He has a Bachelor of Arts degree from Fordham University. He then studied at Regis College, Toronto School of Theology, which was a part of Saint Mary's University in Halifax. There he earned a Master of Divinity and a Doctor of Theology degree.

paragraphs: Prendergast taught Latin and Greek at Loyola High School in Montreal from 1967 to 1969. After he became a priest and earned his Doctor of Theology degree, he taught in Halifax at the Atlantic School of Theology from 1975 to 1981. He was the rector of Toronto's Regis College from 1981 to 1987, and its Dean of Theology from 1991 to 1994. From 1992 to 1994 he helped Bishop Frederick Henry visit English-language Canadian seminaries for the Vatican. When he was asked to be Auxiliary Bishop of Toronto in 1995, he was a Visiting Professor at the École Biblique in Jerusalem.

paragraphs: Prendergast was chosen to become titular Bishop of Slebte and Auxiliary Bishop of Toronto on February 22, 1995. Prendergast was consecrated in St. Michael's Cathedral, Toronto, on April 25, 1995.

paragraphs: He became Archbishop of Halifax on September 14, 1998. The Archbishop of Halifax is in charge of dioceses in the provinces of Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island. Prendergast also became the Chancellor of Saint Mary's University in Halifax. This is because the university always had the archbishop as its chancellor. In 2007 the archdiocese and the university decided that the Archbishop would not be the chancellor anymore. Instead, he would be called the "Visitor" to the university.

paragraphs: Prendergast became the ninth Archbishop of Ottawa on June 26, 2007. He is also the Chancellor of Saint Paul University as the university has always had the archbishop as its chancellor.

paragraphs: Archbishop Prendergast has a sister and three brothers. He is devoted to his many nieces and nephews, as well as to his Jesuit religious family. His hobbies include squash, cycling, skating, foreign films and Italian cooking.


title: Craig Gruber

paragraphs: Craig Gruber (June 22, 1951 – May 5, 2015) was an American rock bassist and musician. He was best known as the original bassist in the English band band Rainbow. He also played in Elf with vocalist Ronnie James Dio, keyboardist Mickey Lee Soule, drummer Gary Driscoll and guitarist David Feinstein.

paragraphs: Gruber died from prostate cancer on May 5, 2015 in Florida, aged 63.


title: Young Europeans Literary Award

paragraphs: The Young Europeans Literary Award started in 2008. Its goal is to promote European culture. The European Union National Institutes for Culture organises it. Each year 26 books are short listed, one book from each member of the European Union.


title: Dufferin County

paragraphs: Dufferin County is a county and census division in Ontario, Canada. The county seat is Orangeville. The county covers 1,486.31 square kilometers (573.87 square miles) and its population in 2011 is 56,881.

paragraphs: Dufferin County was formed in 1881 from parts of Grey County, Simcoe County, and Wellington County, Ontario. It was named after Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava, who was the Governor General of Canada from 1872 to 1878.


title: Haliburton County

paragraphs: Haliburton County is a county in Ontario, Canada. The county seat is Minden Hills. It was named after Thomas Chandler Haliburton, who helped bring settlers into the area. The county covers an area of 4,071.86 square kilometers (1,572.15 square miles) and has a population of 17,026, according to the 2011 census.

paragraphs: There are two townships in Haliburton: Algonquin Highlands and Minden Hills. It also has two municipalities: Dysart et al and Highlands East.

paragraphs: The county is a popular place for toruism, because there are so many lakes and rivers in the county for activities such as fishing and camping. Some of the popular places for tourists to visit are Boshkung Lake, Haliburton Lake, and Kawagama Lake, which is the largest lake in the county.


title: Dysart et al, Ontario

paragraphs: Dysart et al, is the Corporation of the United Townships of Dysart, Dudley, Harcourt, Guilford, Harburn, Bruton, Havelock, Eyre and Clyde. Dysart et al is a municipality in Haliburton County in Central Ontario, Canada. With 68 letters, it is the longest name of any place in Canada. According to the Canada 2011 Census, it had a population of 5,966.


title: David Defiagbon

paragraphs: David Dejiro Defiagbon (12 June 1970 – 24 November 2018) was a Nigerian-Canadian retired boxer. He competed for Canada at the 1996 Summer Olympics.

paragraphs: Defiagbon competed at the 1990 Commonwealth Games in Auckland, New Zealand. He won gold after defeating Greg Johnson. He fought for Nigeria at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. He was defeated in the first round of the light middleweight division by Raúl Márquez 7 to 8.

paragraphs: At the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia, United States, Defiagbon competed for Canada and was able to win a silver medal after he defeated Nate Jones. He was defeated by Félix Savón.

paragraphs: Defiagbon died of a heart attack in Las Vegas, Nevada on 28 November 2018 at the age of 48.


title: Myxophaga

paragraphs: Myxophaga is a small suborder of beetles. There are about 65 species of tiny beetles in four families.

paragraphs: They are aquatic or semi-aquatic, and feed on algae.


title: Archostemata

paragraphs: Archostemata is the smallest suborder of beetles. There are less than fifty known species.

paragraphs: Archostemata is an ancient lineage with a number of primitive characteristics. They are similar to the first beetles, which appear in the fossil record about 250 million years ago. The suborder contains the only paedogenic beetles, "Micromalthus debilis".

paragraphs: These beetles are rare. Fossil deposits from the Permian suggest that Archostemata were once much more common and were widespread over the globe. The species which remain are just scattered vestiges of their former population.

paragraphs: "Abundant cladistic and fossil evidence shows the Archostematans are the basal suborder of [true] beetles",


title: Protocoleoptera

paragraphs: The Protocoleoptera are the earliest beetles in the fossil record.

paragraphs: Interpreting the early fossi record of beetles has been difficult because their forewings are modified as elytra. So no wing veins are visible. Wing veins are the main way insect specialists classify insects.


title: Mark Leduc

paragraphs: Mark Leduc (May 4, 1962 – July 22, 2009) was a Canadian boxer. He competed for Canada at the 1992 Summer Olympics.

paragraphs: Leduc began his training in the East End of Toronto. His parents divorced when he was 15 and he had to live on the streets. Leduc was arrested for robbing a jewellery store at gunpoint and he was sentenced to spend six years at the Collins Bay Penitentiary in Kingston, Ontario. He was released from prison after serving 3 years.

paragraphs: At the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain, Leduc competed for Canada and was able to win a silver medal. He defeated Leonard Doroftei 13-6 and was defeated by Héctor Vinent 1-11. In 1992, he turned pro and he had limited success. He recorded a record of 4-1-0 after losing to Michel Galarneau and retired.

paragraphs: In 1993, Leduc spoke on CBC Radio's documentary "The Last Closet" about being a gay athlete. He was not ready to come out yet and he spoke anonymously and through a voice filter. He officially came out as gay on the the TV documentary "For the Love of the Game" in 1994.

paragraphs: On July 22, 2009, Leduc collapsed in the sauna of a local hotel in Toronto and died. Doctors said that he may have died due to heat stroke.


title: Milton, Stirling

paragraphs: Milton is a hamlet in Stirling, Scotland near the bigger village Aberfoyle. It was named after a mill that is no longer used. The mill has a cast iron millwheel from 1667.


title: Everybody's Fool

paragraphs: "Everybody's Fool" is the fourth and last single off American rock band Evanescence's first studio album "Fallen". The song was released in June 7, 2004.

paragraphs: The song was written five years before the album was released. Amy Lee said that the song is about celebrities that have false images. Lee said in an interview: "My little sister was really getting into these, I don't want to offend anyone, but like really fake, cheesy, slutty female cracker-box idols, and it really pissed me off. She started dressing like them and she was like 8 years old. So I gave her the talk and I wrote a song." She also later revealed that it was written for pop singers Britney Spears and Christina Aguilera saying, "At this point, everybody knows that Britney is fake. The song is not about Britney Spears; it's about a lot of people in this industry. It's so fake, the whole Hollywood thing. 'Look at how perfect I am!' Nobody looks like that. It's all fake and it's really hurting a lot of girls' and women's self images. Where are all the normal people?".

paragraphs: On the "Billboard" charts, "Everybody's Fool" was able to peak at #36 on Alternative Songs chart.


title: Lokiarchaeota

paragraphs: The Lokiarchaeota are a proposed phylum of the Archaea. It was proposed in 2015 after the composite genome of Lokiarchaeum was sequenced.

paragraphs: The "Lokiarchaeum" genome has 5,381 protein coding genes. Of these, about 32% do not correspond to any known protein. 26% closely resemble archeal proteins, and 29% correspond to bacterial proteins. This is consistent with previous research which suggests significant gene transfer between bacteria and Archaea.

paragraphs: A small, but significant portion of the proteins (175, 3.3%) were most similar to eukaryotic proteins. Analysis suggested the genes in question had their origin at the base of the eukaryotic clades. In eukaryotes, the function of these proteins include cell membrane and cell shape formation, and a dynamic protein cytoskeleton.

paragraphs: Another shared protein, actin, is used in phagocytosis by eukaryotes. Phagocytosis is the ability to engulf and consume another particle. This ability is required for the endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria. Cells with mitochondria is one of the key differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In a widely accepted theory, mitochondria began as bacteria and were gradually incorporated into eukaryotic cells. Chloroplasts had a similar origin.


title: Brian Sedgemore

paragraphs: Brian Charles John Sedgemore (17 March 1937 – 5 May 2015) was a Labour Party politician. He was a Member of Parliament from 1974 until 1979, and from 1983 until 2005. He defected to the Liberal Democrats shortly before he stood down at the 2005 general election.


title: Sam Rayburn

paragraphs: Samuel Taliaferro "Sam" Rayburn (January 6, 1882 – November 16, 1961) was an American politician. He served as the Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1940 through 1947, again from 1949 through 1953, and again from 1955 through 1961.

paragraphs: He died of cancer at the age of 79 and is buried at Willow Wild Cemetery.


title: Luiz Henrique da Silveira

paragraphs: Luiz Henrique da Silveira (February 25, 1940 – May 10, 2015) was a Brazilian politician and lawyer. He represented Santa Catarina in the Federal Senate since 2011. He was governor of Santa Catarina from 2003 to 2006 and 2007 to 2010. He was a member of the Brazilian Democratic Movement Party.

paragraphs: da Silveira died in Joinville, Santa Catarina from a heart attack, aged 75.


title: Ragne Tangen

paragraphs: Ragne Tangen (12 March 1927 – 9 May 2015) was a Norwegian children's television presenter. Her career began in 1958. She then made the first children's television program in Norway, "I kosekroken".

paragraphs: Tangen died on 9 May 2015 at the age of 88.


title: Nathalia Timberg

paragraphs: Nathalia Elisa Timberg (born August 5, 1929 in Rio de Janeiro) is a Brazilian actress. She is known for her roles in Brazilian soap operas such as in "Celebridade", "Força de um Desejo", and in "Páginas da Vida".


title: Ninad Bedekar

paragraphs: Ninad Gangadhar Bedekar (17 August 1949 – 10 May 2015) was an Indian historian, writer and orator. He was from Pune, Maharashtra, India. He wrote many books and also wrote scripts from television shows such as Son et lumière show and for the television serial "Peshwai".


title: Markiplier

paragraphs: Mark Edward Fischbach (born June 28, 1989), known by his YouTube username Markiplier, is an American internet personality, video game commentator and charity fundraiser. He was born in Honolulu, Hawaii.

paragraphs: Born in Honolulu, Fischbach began his career in Cincinnati, Ohio. His father was of German descent, while his mother is Korean. He studied Civil Engineering at the University of Cincinnati, later changing his degree to Biomedical Engineering. He later left college and started his YouTube career.

paragraphs: Fischbach moved to Los Angeles, California in 2014, wanting to be closer to the YouTube scene.

paragraphs: , his channel has over 9 billion total video views and 22 million subscribers, and is currently the 36th most-subscribed channel on YouTube.

paragraphs: Fischbach plays in Let's Play videos, commonly of survival horror video games.

paragraphs: In 2017, Fischbach began his first improv tour, known as the "You're Welcome Tour", which spanned from North America to Europe and Australia.

paragraphs: Fischbach has done multiple charity streams and fundraisers with other YouTubers. "Forbes" reported in 2017 that Fischbach and his fans had helped raise roughly $3 million for charity in past fundraising streams. In April 2018, he raised $1,506,793.81 in charities.


title: National Airlines

paragraphs: National Airlines (1934–1980) was an airline of the United States. It began in 1934. The airline was known for its coast-to coast flights between Miami, Los Angeles and New York City. Pan American World Airways bought National in 1979.

paragraphs: The airline was founded in Jacksonville, Florida by George T. Baker. During its first few years, it mostly flew between Florida and the southern US. It began service to Havana, Cuba in 1946 and it stopped in 1961 because of the Cuban embargo. In the 1970s National started flying to cities in Europe like, Amsterdam and London. Pan American World Airways completed it's merger process with National in January 1980.


title: Royal Jordanian

paragraphs: Royal Jordanian is the national airline of Jordan. It began in 1963, under the name of "Alia Airlines". The airline's main hub is in Amman. It's a member of Oneworld.


paragraphs: Don Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla International Airport or "Guadalajara International Airport", is an airport in Guadalajara, Mexico. It opened in 1966.

paragraphs: These are the airlines that go to Guadalajara Airport:


title: Glenview, Illinois

paragraphs: Glenview is a village in northeastern Illinois, USA. It is about north of downtown Chicago in Cook County, Illinois. According to the 2010 United States Census, the village population was 44,692.

paragraphs: The village was named by a popular vote in 1895. It was incorporated as a village in 1899. There were 325 adults in Glenview that year.

paragraphs: For many years, it was home to the Naval Air Station Glenview, until the station was closed down and converted to a prairie park, a lake, and residential and commercial properties in the early 1990s.

paragraphs: The median age in 2010 was 45.5. There were 23,496 (52.6%) women, and

paragraphs: 21,196 (47.4%) men. There were 14,818 households.

paragraphs: Glenview has a continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfa). The summers are generally wetter than the winters:

paragraphs: The highest recorded temperature was in June 1988; the lowest recorded temperature was in January 1982.