title: Will Keith Kellogg

paragraphs: Will Keith "W.K." Kellogg (April 7, 1860 – October 6, 1951) was an American industrialist in food manufacturing, best known as the founder of the Kellogg Company. His brother was John Harvey Kellogg.

paragraphs: Kellogg was born on April 7, 1860 in Battle Creek, Michigan. He was married to Ella Osborn Davis from 1880 until her death in 1912. They had five children. Then he was married to Carrie Staines from 1918 until her death in 1948. Kellogg died on October 6, 1951 in Battle Creek, Michigan from heart failure, aged 91.


title: History of mathematics

paragraphs: History of mathematics is how mathematics has developed over time. Early maths by Babylonians and Egyptians was built upon by Greeks such as Euclid, Archimedes, Pythagoras and Eratosthenes. Other important figures include Fibonacci, Descartes, Leonhard Euler, Blaise Pascal and Gauss.


title: John Harvey Kellogg

paragraphs: John Harvey Kellogg (February 26, 1852 – December 14, 1943) was an American medical doctor. He and his brother, Will Keith Kellogg, invented corn flakes.

paragraphs: Kellogg was born on February 26, 1852 in Battle Creek, Michigan. He studied at New York University. Kellogg was married to Ella Ervilla Eaton from 1879 until her death in 1920. They adopted seven children. Kellogg died on December 14, 1943 in Battle Creek, Michigan from an illness, aged 91.


title: Studebaker

paragraphs: The Studebaker Corporation was an American company in South Bend, Indiana that built automobiles. It started in 1852 making wagons, at that time it was named Studebaker Brothers Manufacturing Company. Later they started making cars and then pickups. In 1966 they went out of business.

paragraphs: At first, Studebaker built horse wagons used by farmers, miners and the military. In 1902 they started making electric vehicles and in 1904 they started making gasoline vehicles. At first they worked with other companies to make the vehicles, but starting in 1912 they made the whole car by themselves. For fifty years they made many cars that worked well and had interesting shapes. But the cars cost a lot of money and after some years of troubles, the company shut down in 1966.


title: Mamie Van Doren

paragraphs: Mamie Van Doren (born February 6) is an American actress and model. She acts primarily in movies. She is also a singer. Her many movies include "Untamed Youth" (1957). Many times, she would play a bad girl within her movies. Van Doren has been oftentimes compared against other blonde actresses, in particular, Marilyn Monroe. Mamie was born in Rowena, South Dakota. Her date of birth is varied between 1931 and 1934.


title: Gene Barry

paragraphs: Gene Barry (Eugene Klass; June 14, 1919 – December 9, 2009) was an American actor. He was known for his roles in "The Atomic City" (1952), "The War of The Worlds" (1953), and "Bat Masterson" (1958-1961).

paragraphs: Barry was born on June 14, 1919 in New York City, New York to a Jewish-Russian family. He studied at Chatham Square School of Music. Barry was married to Betty Claire Kalb from 1944 until her death in 2003. They had three children, one adopted.

paragraphs: Barry died on the morning of December 9, 2009 from heart failure in his home in Woodland Hills, California, aged 90.


title: Mehmet Öz

paragraphs: Mehmet Cengiz Öz (born June 11, 1960, called Dr. Oz) is a Turkish-American doctor, writer, educator, and television personality. He has a television show, "The Dr. Oz Show". He helps people with health and weight. Some people think he gives bad advice. He won two Emmy Awards, in 2010 and in 2011.

paragraphs: Öz was born on June 11, 1960 in Cleveland, Ohio to a Turkish family. He studied at Tower Hill School, at Harvard University, at Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, and at University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. Öz married his wife Lisa Lemole in 1985. They have four children. He now lives in Cliffside Park, New Jersey.


title: Jimmie Åkesson

paragraphs: Per Jimmie Åkesson (born May 17, 1979) is a Swedish politician and blogger. , he is the leader of the Sweden Democrats. In 2010 the Sweden Democrats made it into the Riksdag after the general elections.


title: February 2013 nor'easter

paragraphs: The February 2013 nor'easter (called by The Weather Channel as Winter Storm Nemo) was a large winter storm that formed from two low pressure areas and affected the northeastern United States and eastern Canada from February 7–10, 2013. The areas affect by the storm were between Virginia and Maine. The storm had hurricane strength winds, lightning, thunder, heavy snows and blizzard conditions. Boston received almost 25 inches of snow due to this storm. New York City received almost one foot of new snow. It was Connecticut, however, that got the most. Hamden, Connecticut received almost 40 inches, while nearby cities got at least one foot. About 700,000 customers lost power.


title: Non-deterministic turing machine

paragraphs: A Turing machine is an idea from computer science that tries to describe how some computers work. Deterministic Turing machines use a function. Given the current state of the Turing machine, it selects another state the Turing machine should have. In other words, from each state there is one other state the machine can have. A non-deterministic Turing machine uses a relation. This means that from some states there are several other states that are possible.


title: Black Star of Queensland

paragraphs: The Black Star of Queensland is a large gem sapphire. It is the world's largest star sapphire. It is . It was discovered in Queensland in the 1930s. During the 1960s, the Black Star of Queensland was on display at the Smithsonian as part of an exhibition with the Hope Diamond. It was also on display at the Royal Ontario Museum from 2 June to 2 December 2007.


title: Cheddar

paragraphs: Cheddar most often refers to one of these:


title: Nearest neighbour algorithm

paragraphs: Nearest neighbour algorithms is a the name given to a number of greedy algorithms to solve problems related to graph theory. This algorithm was made to find a solution to the travelling salesman problem. In general, these algorithms try to find a Hamlitonian cycle as follows:

paragraphs: Such algorithms are easy to implement, but they do not always find the best solution. What is worse, the algorithm may not find a tour even if one exists.


title: Alexandrite

paragraphs: Alexandrite is a gemstone. It is a type of chrysoberyl. Different kinds of light make the colors change. That is called the "alexandrite effect".

paragraphs: A gemstone similar to alexandrite can be made in a laboratory. That kind of stone is called synthetic or simulated alexandrite. These are not made of chrysoberyl. People make these because alexandrite is expensive, and the synthetic alexandrite costs less.

paragraphs: One story says that alexandrite was named in honor of Alexander II of Russia. Alexander was not yet Tsar at the time.

paragraphs: Alexandrite has been found in Russia, Brazil, India, Madagascar,Sri Lanka, and India.

paragraphs: Alexandrite is one of the birthstones for June.


title: Jandali dialect

paragraphs: Jandali is a Punjabi dialect spoken in the Punjab province of Pakistan.


title: Golden pheasant

paragraphs: The golden pheasant or "Chinese pheasant", ("Chrysolophus pictus") is a gamebird of the order Galliformes (gallinaceous birds) and the family Phasianidae. It is native to forests in mountainous areas of western China, but feral populations have been established in the United Kingdom and elsewhere.


title: Grey peacock-pheasant

paragraphs: The grey peacock-pheasant ("Polyplectron bicalcaratum"), also known as the Burmese peacock-pheasant, is a large southeast Asian member of the order Galliformes. It is the national bird of Myanmar.


title: Hamiltonian path

paragraphs: A Hamiltonian path is a path in a graph which contains each vertex of the graph exactly once. A Hamiltonian cycle is a Hamiltonian path, which is also a cycle. Knowing whether such a path exists in a graph, as well as finding it is a fundamental problem of graph theory. It is much more difficult than finding an Eulerian path, which contains each edge exactly once. The problem of finding a Hamiltonian path is NP-complete. There are two classes of graphs: directed and undirected graphs. In directed graphs, an edge can only be travelled in one direction, in undirected graphs it can be travelled in both directions. The Travelling Salesman Problem is an instance of this problem. Its task is to find the shortest Hamiltonian cycle, usually in a directed graph, with weight (or distances) attached to the edges.

paragraphs: Hamiltonian paths and cycles and cycle paths are named after William Rowan Hamilton who invented the Icosian game. This game is also known as "Hamilton's puzzle". It involves finding a Hamiltonian cycle in the edge graph of the dodecahedron. Hamilton solved this problem using the Icosian Calculus, an algebraic structure based on roots of unity with many similarities to the quaternions (also invented by Hamilton). This solution does not generalize to arbitrary graphs. However, despite being named after Hamilton, Hamiltonian cycles in polyhedra had also been studied a year earlier by Thomas Kirkman.


title: Tracy Chapman

paragraphs: Tracy Chapman (born March 30, 1964) is an American singer-songwriter. She was born in Cleveland in Ohio. She has won four Grammy Awards.

paragraphs: Her most famous songs are "Fast Car" and "Give Me One Reason" that went top of the charts in Canada. They also did really well in the Billboard charts (United States). She has published a total of 8 albums.

paragraphs: She is a feminist. She has never said publicly what her sexuality is, but she dated Alice Walker in the mid 1990s.


title: Nathaniel Wallich

paragraphs: Nathaniel Wallich FRS (28 January 1786 – 28 April 1854) was a medical doctor and botanist from Denmark. He worked in India; firstly in the Danish settlement near Calcutta and later for the East India Company. He was involved in the early development of the Calcutta Botanical Garden, describing many new plant species and developing a large collection with copies that he gave to collections in Europe. Several of the plants that he collected were named after him.

paragraphs: Nathaniel Wallich was born in a Jewish family in Copenhagen, Denmark in 1786 as Nathan ben Wulff. His father Wulff ben Wallich (or Wolff Wallich) was a rich merchant from Altona, a town near Hamburg, Germany, and then moved to Copenhagen late in the 18th century. Nathaniel changed his name to Nathan Wallich, later Nathaniel, as an adult.

paragraphs: Wallich got the diploma of the Royal Academy of Surgeons at Copenhagen in 1806. At the end of the year he was appointed as doctor in the Danish colony of Serampore, then known as "Frederiksnagore" in Bengal (now in West Bengal). He sailed for India in April 1807 and arrived at Serampore the following November.

paragraphs: He was an honorary doctor at the University of Copenhagen and member of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters.

paragraphs: Because of bad health, Wallich spent the years 1811-1813 in the more temperate climate of Mauritius, where he continued his studies. From August 1814, Wallich became an Assistant Surgeon in the East India Company's service. Wallich was later appointed assistant to William Roxburgh, the East India Company's botanist in Calcutta.

paragraphs: By 1813 he took great interest in the flora and natural vegetation of India. He also went on expeditions to Nepal, West Hindustan, and lower Burma. Wallich travelled to Nepal in 1821, one of the very first Englishmen to go there, and returned with many new plants. During 1837 and 1838, Nathaniel Wallich served as Professor of Botany in Calcutta Medical College.

paragraphs: He also published two important books, "Tentamen Floræ Nepalensis Illustratæ" (vols I-II, 1824–26) and "Plantæ Asiaticæ Rariores" (vols I-III, 1830–32).

paragraphs: Dr. Nathaniel Wallich took charge of the Oriental Museum of the Asiatic Society on 1 June 1814. Wallich joined the East India Company's Botanical Garden in 1817 and served there until 1846 when he retired from the service.

paragraphs: Wallich retired to London in 1847, and stayed there until his death seven years later. He had a son, George Charles Wallich, and a daughter, Hannah Sarah. Part of his collections are held at Kew Gardens, and known as the 'Wallich Herbarium'.


title: Roman dodecahedron

paragraphs: Roman dodecahedron is the name for dodecahedra which were found in Europe. In total, over hundred such objects were found in all European parts of the Roman Empire. They date from the second or third century CE, and were made of bronze or stone. They are hollow, and each of the twelve pentangular faces has a hole in it. Most of these were found on the territories of modern-day France and Germany, but some were also found in Hungary and Great Britain. They are between and in size.

paragraphs: The function or use of the dodecahedra remains a mystery; no mention of them has been found in texts or pictures of the time. Speculated uses include candlestick holders (wax was found inside one example); dice; survey instruments; devices for determining the optimal sowing date for winter grain; that they were used to calibrate water pipes; and army standard bases. It has also been suggested that they may have been religious artifacts of some kind. This speculation is based on the fact that most of the examples have been found in Gallo-Roman sites.


title: Gamma function

paragraphs: In mathematics, the gamma function (Γ("z")) is a key topic in the field of special functions. Γ("z") is an extension of the factorial function to all complex numbers except negative integers. For positive integers, it is defined as formula_1

paragraphs: The gamma function is defined for all complex numbers, but it is not defined for negative integers and zero. For a complex number whose real part is not a negative integer, the function is defined by:

paragraphs: Some particular values of the gamma function are:

paragraphs: Gauss introduced the Pi function. This is another way of denoting the gamma function. In terms of the gamma function, the Pi function is


title: Farthing (English coin)

paragraphs: The farthing was a coin of the Kingdom of England. It was worth one quarter of a penny, or of a pound sterling. The word 'farthing' is derived from the Anglo-Saxon "feorthing". It means a "fourthling" or "fourth part". The Anglo-Saxon word was probably derived from the Old Norse, "fjorthungr" meaning a "quarter".

paragraphs: Such coins were first minted in England in silver in the 13th century. They were used until the Kingdom of England was merged into the new Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707. Early farthings were silver. The farthing was small (only 10 millimeters in diameter) and very light (slightly more than 0.4 gram). Surviving examples are rare. The first copper farthings were issued during the reign of King James I. In the late 17th century the English farthing was also minted in tin.

paragraphs: In 1953, the farthing's low value forced its last minting. A Londoner complained of abusive vendors when he tried to offer the coin for purchases. The coin ceased to be legal tender on 1 January 1961.


title: Emeli Sandé

paragraphs: Adele Emeli Sandé best known as Emeli Sandé (born 10 March 1987) is a British singer and songwriter. She was born in Sunderland, Tyne and Wear to an English mother and Zambian father. She was raised in Alford, Aberdeenshire. She became famous after writing many songs for artists like Rihanna, Leona Lewis and Susan Boyle.

paragraphs: In 2010 she singed a contract with EMI. She then released two singles, "Read All About It" and "Beneath Your Beautiful", which went on top of the British charts. In 2012 she won the Brits Critics Choice award. Her first album, "Our Version of Events", was very successful, selling more than 100,000 copies in the first week. It was the best-selling album in the UK of 2012. She performed at the opening ceremony of the London 2012 Olympics.

paragraphs: In 2013 she won two BRIT Awards, one for Best Female Artist and one for Best Album.

paragraphs: On 24 February 2014, she released her second EP, "Who Needs The World? EP".

paragraphs: Her next album will be released in summer 2014.

paragraphs: Sandé married Adam Gouraguine in Montenegro in 2012. They later divorced in 2014.


title: Stock-Keeping Unit

paragraphs: SKU (often pronounced "skew") is an acronym for Stock-Keeping Unit. This is the barcode found on things sold in stores. It is made in a way that laser scanners in the check-out lane can read the code. The code is then used to find the price.

paragraphs: The bar code is made of vertical bars, some are thick, some are thin. The scanner can see these bars and the pattern of the bars tells them what the numbers are. The patterns are made in a way that the scanner can read it forwards or backwards, so it doesn't matter how the product is held, it can still read the number. The numbers are often also written underneath the bars, so that people can read the SKU. There are two parts to the number. The first part is who made the product, the second part is what the actual product is.


title: Hermann Levi

paragraphs: Hermann Levi was a 19th-century orchestral conductor. He conducted the premiere of "Parsifal".


title: Jimmy Perry

paragraphs: James "Jimmy" Perry OBE (9 September 1923 – 23 October 2016) was an English writer, scriptwriter, producer, author and actor who is known for creating the BBC sitcom "Dad's Army".

paragraphs: Perry was born on September 9, 1923 in Barnes, Surrey, England. He studied at Colet Court and at St Paul's School. Perry lived in Algarve, Portugal.

paragraphs: Perry died in London on 23 October 2016 at the age of 93.


title: Philips

paragraphs: Philips is a Dutch electronics company. It was founded by Gerard and Frederik Philips in 1891. It employs about 120,000 people in 60 countries.


title: David Croft

paragraphs: Major David John Croft OBE (David John Andrew Sharland, September 7, 1922 – September 27, 2011) was an English writer, producer, and director. He created the BBC television sitcom "Dad's Army".

paragraphs: Croft was born on September 7, 1922 in Sandbanks, Poole, Dorset, England. He studied at the Rugby School and at Royal Military College, Sandhurst. Croft was married to Ann Callender from 1952 until his death in 2011. They had seven children. Croft died on September 27, 2011 in his home in Tavira, Algarve, Portugal from natural causes, aged 89.


title: Tertullian

paragraphs: Tertullian (160-225) was an early Christian writer from Carthage.

paragraphs: Though conservative in his worldview, Tertullian originated new theological concepts and advanced the development of early Church doctrine. He is perhaps most famous for being the first writer in Latin known to use the term trinity (Latin: trinitas). According to The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, "Tertullian's trinity [is] not a triune God, but rather a triad or group of three, with God as the founding member".[13] A similar word had been used earlier in Greek,[a] though Tertullian gives the oldest extant use of the terminology as later incorporated into the Nicene Creed at the Second Ecumenical Council, the First Council of Constantinople in 381 AD, or as the Athanasian Creed, or both.[14] Other Latin formulations that first appear in his work are "One God, three persons, one substance" as the Latin "tres personae, una substantia", ('consubstantial', in English), itself from the Koine Greek "treis hypostases, homoousioi").[12] Influenced by Stoic philosophy, the "substance" of Tertullian, however, was a material substance that did not refer to a single God, but to the sharing of the divine substance of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.[13] He wrote his understanding of the three members of the trinity after becoming a Montanist.[12]


title: Beautiful Creatures (2013 movie)

paragraphs: Beautiful Creatures is a 2013 American romantic-fantasy drama set in South Carolina. It stars Emmy Rossum, Viola Davis and Emma Thompson. Thompson plays Mrs. Lincoln and Sarafine. "Beautiful Creatures" was released on February 14, 2013 for the United States. Jeremy Irons also stars. The film is based on the novel of the same name by Kami Garcia and Margaret Stohl.


title: Round city of Baghdad

paragraphs: the Round city of Baghdad (Al-Mansur city) (also called: the city of peace) was an ancient city in Baghdad, Iraq that was built in 762–767 CE. Today there are only a few remains of the ancient city of Al Mansur.


title: Deborah Cox

paragraphs: Deborah Cox (July 13, 1974, Toronto) is a Canadian singer, songwriter and actress who has had eleven charting #1 singles. She has had some hit movies, such as "Love Come Down". She began her music career around the mid 1990s. Her song "Nobody's Supposed to be Here" is her signature song.


title: National Governors Association

paragraphs: The National Governors Association (NGA) provides both state and national views regarding issues with usage of natural resources and management in the Progressive Era. It was founded in 1908 as the National Governors' Conference, at the Conference of Governors. The NGA represents the governors of the fifty U.S. states and five U.S. territories (American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands).

paragraphs: The NGA serves as an important public policy liaison between the state governments and the federal government.


title: Faxing Berlin

paragraphs: Faxing Berlin is a progressive house song by Canadian electronic music producer deadmau5. The song is featured on deadmau5's third studio album "Random Album Title".

paragraphs: The song received some controversy in 2008 by an artist named DirtyCircuit. DirtyCircuit said that he was threatened with legal action after he used a sample called "LP_Faxing Berlin C_128bpm" that came bundled with the digital audio workstation FL Studio which deadmau5 claimed copyright. The sample was a direct clip of a full bar from the song. A "Demo Track" was provided by deadmau5 which came bundled with FL Studio, along with many loop samples. FL Studio users became were in discomfort because of the case and some of the users had pointed out possible inconsistencies in the EULA of the software.

paragraphs: The song reached #6 on the Billboard US Hot Dance Club Songs.


title: Lingula

paragraphs: Lingula is a genus of brachiopods in the class Lingulata. "Lingula" is known to have existed since the early Ordovician period. "Lingula" is a good example of a living fossil. Like all brachiopods, it is a filter feeder.

paragraphs: Brachiopods are superficially similar to bivalves, both having two shells. Brachiopods are easily distinguished from molluscs because they have (different) dorsal and ventral shells. Bivalves have mirrored right and left shells. "Lingula" and most brachiopods also have a stalk (or peduncle) that extends through a hole near the tip of one of its shells. Bivalves may be attached to a substrate with byssus filaments, that extend from between the shells.

paragraphs: The Lingulata brachiopods have existed from the Cambrian period to the present, a time span of over 500 million years! Modern species of "Lingula" are very similar from their fossil ancestors.


title: Identity Thief

paragraphs: Identity Thief is a 2013 comedy movie starring Jason Bateman and Melissa McCarthy. Bateman plays Sandy in this comedy. McCarthy plays Diana, the woman who stole Sandy's identity. Amanda Peet is also part of the cast.

paragraphs: This movie received negative reviews. Yet, it debuted at number one in the United States.


title: Manfred Porsch

paragraphs: Manfred Maria Porsch (born 14 April 1950 in Vienna) is an Austrian composer and teacher. He composes Austrian contemporary worship music.

paragraphs: Manfred Porsch comes from the Focolare Movement. In 1971 and 1972, he toured with Gen Rosso. In 1983, he won first prize at the "Worldfestival of religious Song", the "" in Rome. In 1987, Porsch founded "" and started the festival series "Fest der Lieder". He has published about 200 songs.

paragraphs: In 2012, after a long break from writing music, Porsch published new songs with the producer Thomas Raber.


title: Georg Bydlinski

paragraphs: Georg Bydlinski (born 30 May 1956 in Graz) is an Austrian writer.

paragraphs: Since 1982, Bydlinski has worked as a freelance writer in Mödling. In 1990, Bydliski took part in the Festival of German-Language Literature in Klagenfurt. Bydlinski writes novels, children's books and poems. He edits anthologies. He also translates. Bydlinski is a member of "IG Autorinnen Autoren", Grazer Autorenversammlung, ÖsterreicÖsterreichischer Schriftstellerverband, "Literaturkreises Podium" and "Friedrich-Bödecker-Kreis Hannover".

paragraphs: Since 2013, he has worked with producer Thomas Raber.


title: Antarctic Peninsula

paragraphs: The Antarctic Peninsula is the largest peninsula in Antarctica. The peninsula is the northernmost part of the mainland of Antarctica. It is 1300 km and reaches from Cape Adams (Weddell Sea) and a point on the mainland south of Eklund Islands. The northern tip is about 1000 km (600 miles) from Tierra del Fuego. There are many research stations as well as multiple claims of sovereignty on the Antarctic Peninsula.

paragraphs: Average temperatures on the peninsula have risen by nearly 2°C in the past 50 years which makes the Antarctic Peninsula one of the fastest warming places on Earth.


title: Elizabeth Vargas

paragraphs: Elizabeth Vargas (born September 6, 1962 near Paterson, New Jersey) is an American journalist. She first worked at the NBC network. She has worked on ABC programs, including "20/20". Before that, she was an anchor for "Dateline NBC" and "The Today Show".


title: Brachiopod classification

paragraphs: The classification of brachiopods is being discussed at present. The following is an overview of the different schemes which are proposed.

paragraphs: The "traditional" classification was defined in 1869. Two further approaches were established in the 1990s:

paragraphs: Underlying the discussion are some basic principles:

paragraphs: About 330 living species are recognized, grouped into over 100 genera. The great majority of modern brachiopods are rhynchonelliforms (Articulata, but excluding Craniida).


title: Déborah François

paragraphs: Déborah François (born 24 May 1987) is an actress from Belgium. She lives in Paris, France.

paragraphs: She is best known for her role as in Belgian film "L’Enfant" ("The Child") , French film "La Tourneuse de pages" ("The Page Turner"), and she won a César Award for her role in a 2008 French film "Le premier jour du reste de ta vie" ("The First Day of the Rest of Your Life").

paragraphs: She was born in Liège, Belgium which is in the French-speaking area. She is the daughter of a policeman and a social worker. She was awarded the Romy-Schneider Prize and Prix Suzanne Bianchetti.


title: St. Ouen F.C.

paragraphs: St. Ouen Football Club is a association football club in Saint Ouen, Jersey, Channel Islands. The club was founded in 1919. In 1972, they played a game against Scottish Old Firm team, Celtic.


title: Fertilisation of Orchids

paragraphs: Fertilisation of Orchids is a book by Charles Darwin

paragraphs: The book was published on 15 May 1862 under the full title "On the various contrivances by which British and foreign orchids are fertilised by insects, and on the good effects of intercrossing".

paragraphs: Darwin's previous book, "On the Origin of Species", had briefly mentioned evolutionary interactions between insects and the plants they fertilised. This new idea was explored in detail for orchids. The field studies and practical scientific investigations were initially a recreation for Darwin, a relief from the drudgery of writing. The work developed into enjoyable and challenging experiments, and he was helped by his family, friends, and a wide circle of correspondents.

paragraphs: The book was his first detailed demonstration of natural selection. It explained how complex ecological relationships resulted in the co-evolution of orchids and insects. The view has been expressed that the book led directly or indirectly to all modern work on coevolution and the evolution of extreme specialisation. It influenced botanists, and revived interest in the long neglected idea that insects played a part in pollinating flowers. It supported his view that natural selection led to a variety of forms through the important benefits achieved by cross-fertilisation. Although the general public showed less interest and sales of the book were low, it established Darwin as a leading botanist. "Orchids" was the first in a series of books on his investigations into plants.

paragraphs: The book describes how the relationship between insects and plants resulted in the beautiful and complex forms which had fascinated many naturalists. By showing how adaptations develop step by step, Darwin countered the view that beautiful organisms were the handiwork of a Creator. Darwin's painstaking observations, experiments, and detailed dissection of the flowers explained previously unknown features. such as the puzzle of "Catasetum", three completely different kinds of flowers. Darwin discusses how the Sack-Shaped Catasetum ("Catasetum saccatum"), a tropical South American species, launches its sticky pollen sacs with explosive force when an insect touches a hair (seta). His friend Thomas Huxley said "Do you really think I can believe all that?"

paragraphs: In the book Darwin made some famous predictions, including his proposal that the long nectary of "Angraecum sesquipedale" meant there must be a moth with an equally long proboscis. This was confirmed in 1903 when "Xanthopan morgani praedicta" was found in Madagascar.


title: Cocker Spaniel

paragraphs: Cocker Spaniel is the name for two dog breeds of the Spaniel type: The English Cocker Spaniel and the American Cocker Spaniel. Originally, these dogs were bred in England for hunting Eurasian Woodcock. Cocker spaniels are popular family pets. The English version is usually brown and ginger in color. Their fur is very soft and their noses are big. They have very big floppy ears. There are two version of cocker spaniels, show dogs and hunters. They are the smallest of the sporting dogs. They are bred from an earlier 19th century dog called field spaniels. The smallest dogs in litters were called "cockers". This was because They were small enough to go under hedgerows where larger dogs could not go. They could also move through brambles and bushes to flush woodcocks into the open. The smaller dogs became the American cockers while the larger dogs became the English variety.


title: 2013 Southern California shootings

paragraphs: The 2013 Southern California shootings were an incident that happened in Southern California. The victims were law enforcement officers and related families.

paragraphs: The incident began on February 3, 2013, around which point 28-year-old Monica Quan and her fiancé Keith Lawrence, in Irvine, were found dead. They were shot in Lawrence's car. The suspected perpetrator of the crime, Christopher Dorner, put out a manifesto one day after the crime. Dorner is a former officer of the Los Angeles Police Department. On February 7, the driver of a pickup truck fired a rifle onto two officers, grazing the head of one and killing another. The one that was killed was Michael Crain, who died shortly after the shooting. Dorner was later found by police on February 12 and hid in a wooden cabin. The cabin later caught on fire. Human remains was found with a wallet reading "Christopher Dorner".

paragraphs: Christopher Dorner had many different identities in his lifetime. He was regarded as been an upstanding citizen, an athlete, a law enforcement officer and a decorated military veteran. Some people who knew him indicated that he was very intelligent and sensitive. In a photo released by the police, he was standing up straight with the police uniform, smiling warmly, and the background for this photo is the American flag. In 2008, he was dismissed from the LAPD (Los Angeles Police Department) on a charge of making false statements. His colleagues said this was the turning point for his life. He typed 6000 words and posted it on the Internet. He released his anger and bitterness because of a decision that was made five years ago. He believed and firmly believe the racism, twenty years after the beating of black suspect Rodney King by white officers unleashed waves of rioting in Los Angeles.

paragraphs: Dorner started his killing with a plan. First he had a package with some complaints, and sent it to Anderson Cooper, who is a television personality, and arrive at CNN on February 1, 2013. Then Dorner tailed after a couple and killed them into their car on February 3, 2013. In this murder case, the dead include the daughter for the LAPD (Los Angeles Police Department) captain who became his defence lawyer in the LAPD review board hearings of his allegations against his training officer. In the end, he posted many statements which had next target's name and threaten them lives. It cause the police to mount a widespread manhunt for Dorner, the area was from California to include Nevada and Mexico. The police said the need protected more than 40 potential targets of Dorner's. Thousands of police were patrol in Southern California's highways.

paragraphs: On February 1, Anderson Cooper of CNN got a package. It contained a DVD and a challenge coin carve a notes "1MOA". It meaned that the coin was shot at 100 meters.

paragraphs: On February 3, 28-year-old Monica Quan, and her fiancé, 27-year-old Keith Lawrence, were killed into a white car. Quan, an assistant women's basketball coach at Cal State Fullerton, was the daughter of Randal Quan. The crime scene was outside their condominium, in the city of Irvine.

paragraphs: On February 5, This information was for military sources that Dorner checked into Naval Base Point Loma in San Diego. However, he didn't checkout when he left.

paragraphs: On February 7, Two LAPD officers found Dorner at a gas station in Corona, they got a drastic shooting, and one officer, Michael Crain, died after the shooting.

paragraphs: On February 10, The government offered a $1 million reward for information about Dorner. Some people said he was hidden somewhere in the San Bernardino Mountains. In February 13, It was reported that they found Dorner's body in the mountain cabin.


title: Super Game Boy

paragraphs: The Super Game Boy is a special video game cartridge released for the Super NES in 1994. It allows players to play Game Boy and some Game Boy Color games on a television screen. When played on the Super Game Boy, games are colored. There are 32 colors available. Players can switch colors with the L and R buttons. Some games, such as "Donkey Kong", have features exclusive to the Super Game Boy. New features include better sound effects and multi-player. Some games also have a custom border when played on the Super Game Boy. In 1998, a new model, the Super Game Boy 2, was released in Japan. It has more borders and link cable support.


title: The Lost Wand

paragraphs: "The Lost Wand" is a fairy tale written by Jean Ingelow and published by The Wonder Box Tales in 1902 The story revolves around Hulda, a lucky young girl in Norway who receives the opportunity to be granted a wish after finding a ring in her slice of cake.

paragraphs: All the children were in awe of the beautiful cake Hulda's grandmother made, and they were all aware of the magic it held. Between the fairy disguised as a flower on the top of the cake, and the ring hidden within it, the children were able to make a wish for whatever they pleased if they were lucky enough to find it. After receiving the magical ring in her slice, Hulda is given the opportunity to make a wish. A fairy appears from the flower on top of the cake, and tells Hulda she will give her anything she wishes for. Unknowing of what her wish would bring, she asks for the fairy's wand. After handing Hulda her beautiful gold wand, the fairy is stripped of her powers and will ultimately be held at the will of her enemy if she doesn’t one day retrieve the wand. It could not be returned immediately, it had to be on a midsummers day. Until then, the fairy requested that Hulda keep it safe for her while she was gone. Days passed and the fairy had never returned, this left Hulda believing that the fairy had died. A dishonest guest paid a visit to Hulda and convinced her to trade the wand for a piece of his beautiful jewelry. After trading the wand for a bracelet with a bird clasp, Hulda realizes her visitor was actually a gnome. The gnome was the enemy the fairy had been worried about; with the wand in his possession he would make the fairy his slave. Hulda was aware she made a mistake, and did not rest until she retrieved the gold wand and returned it to the fairy. Not only did she give the fairy her powers back, but also in turn she saved her own life.

paragraphs: A Lost Wand was written in the mid 1800s, pinpointing the date is difficult, but most publication of her work was done in 1865. The poems and tales she wrote are the reason why her fame is at the point of where it is now. A lot of Ingelow’s literature was influenced by the writings of Lewis Carroll and George Macdonald, and her stories were written specifically for children, not so much to teach a lesson; but for entertainment, which was a relatively new concept during this time period.

paragraphs: Hulda begins the story as a young girl at a party one winter’s night in Norway at her home. Her parents bring out a grand cake with a small ring baked into it, the person who gets the ring receives one wish from a fairy. Hulda receives this wish, she wishes for the wand the fairy has. But is then upset when she found out because of her wish the fairy loses her powers. Hulda spends the rest of her childhood guarding the wand until a poor peddler comes along and wants to trade it for one of his beautiful bracelets. Because Hulda had not seen the fairy in a long time she assumed that she has died, and proceeds to trade the wand to the peddler. She finds out that the peddler was actually a gnome who only wanted to get the wand in the first place. She spends the rest of her childhood looking for the peddler to try and get back her mother ring which he also stole that day she met him.

paragraphs: The fairy appears first at the beginning of the story to grant the children one wish, when Hulda wishes for the fairies wand, she is stripped of her magical powers and can no longer grant wishes. She becomes dim and soon disappears, but before she goes away for good she asks that the child keep good care of the wand for one day she may be able tor return for it. When the fairy comes back in the middle of the story she finds out that the wand has been traded to the evil gnome who dressed up like a poor peddler and tricked Hulda into trading it to him for one of his bracelets. Hulda thought the fairy was dead so she gave the wand away, when in fact the fairy tells Hulda she was in Africa far away from Europe because the gnomes can only come up in Europe, she was staying away so that she was not kept as a slave of the gnome. Once Hulda returns the wand to the fairy at the end of the story she is not seen or heard of again.

paragraphs: The Gnome who also plays the character of the poor peddler appears in the story after Hulda has become a bit older. He comes in searching for the wand that he knew was lost some where in the area she lived. He disguises himself as a poor man trying to sell off his jewelry and trinkets, when he comes to the door to find that Hulda’s parents are away from the home, he begins to spin a web of lies that Hulda gets caught in, and mistakenly winds up giving away the Fairies wand, because the peddler convinces her that because the sheen of the jewels is gone, it means the owner has died. He is delighted when he trades her the wand for a bracelet, so he leaves to go back underground. Years later he resurfaces and finds out about Hulda’s bad health, he goes back away until he knows she has passed. However She does not pass, due to the hot weather in the south she makes a full recovery. When the peddler goes to the garden area to try and sell some more jewelry, he is confronted by Hulda and runs back to go hind underground however he is stopped by Hulda, demanding her mothers ring back. He soon becomes confronted with not only Hulda but the Lizard as well, He seems frightened by the lizard and before she can even force him to give the wand and the ring back, Hulda has possession of them. He then disappears underground with the Lizard, never heard from again.

paragraphs: Norway is full of incredible foods, of all different kinds. However, the most significant item displayed on the table is Hulda’s grandmother’s cake. It catches not only the eye if Hulda, but all the others who are present. The appearance of the cake is not what makes it special; the fairy taking the form of a flower on top of the cake is what makes it so magnificent. The lucky child who finds the ring in their slice, gets to make a wish. All wishes do not bring happiness; they can very well bring the opposite. Although the cake is beautiful, the wish that Hulda is granted is not what she thought it would be; beauty is not always what it seems.

paragraphs: The bracelet would not have been Hulda’s first choice as a trade for her little gold wand; in fact she liked most of the items a lot more. But just like the cake, not everything is what it seems to be. The bird clasp on the lovely bracelet turned out to be a loyal companion that led her way to find the peddler and in turn, save the fairy. This shows that those who deserve it receive the loyalty they need and kindness does not go unrewarded. The peddler and his greedy ways however, do not go unpunished. In the end, Hulda’s genuine intentions are turned into good deeds while the peddler is locked away underground away from the sunlight for eternity. The most beautiful objects aren’t always the best choice.

paragraphs: A lizard; an animal often-found in hot, dry climates. This is why it is not unusual that the master of the gnomes, who happen to like hot weather, is a lizard. Most reptiles are perceived as slimy, nasty creatures. In this case, the Lizard is fair and considerate of all situations. She rewards those who deserve it and prosecutes those who do not. Just like everything else, not all is what it seems.

paragraphs: Although it's small the power it contains is life saving, literally. Without it, the fairy cannot live her normal life. Her normal life is helping mortals, without that she does not want to live. Once it became dim and the jewels, which decorated it, were no longer beautiful, it still has power hiding behind it. To anyone else, it would be insignificant. To the fairy, it meant the world. It either meant her life would be back to normal, or turned into a life of misery and despair. Even the tiniest objects can have the biggest impact.


title: Jizya

paragraphs: Jizya or jizyah was a tax imposed upon dhimmi, non-Muslim residents in Muslim countries, as in the Ottoman Empire.


title: John B. Anderson

paragraphs: John Bayard Anderson (February 15, 1922 – December 3, 2017) was an American-Republican politician from Illinois. He was a politician from the 1960s until the later 2000s. He ran for president in 1980, but lost to Ronald Reagan as the main Republican candidate. He then ran as an independent candidate, and lost again to Reagan in November, 1980.

paragraphs: Anderson was born on February 15, 1922 in Rockford, Illinois to a Swedish-American family. He studied at the University of Illinois, at the University of Illinois College of Law, and at the Harvard Law School. Anderson was married to Keke Machakos from 1953 until his death 2017.

paragraphs: Anderson died on December 3, 2017, in Washington, D.C., aged 95.


title: Greater spotted eagle

paragraphs: The greater spotted eagle ("Aquila clanga"), occasionally just called the spotted eagle, is a large bird of prey. Like all typical eagles, it belongs to the family Accipitridae. In summer it lives in eastern Eurasia, and winters further south.

paragraphs: A medium-sized eagle, the greater spotted eagle only has white spots as a juvenile, when they extend in bands across the upperwing. By adulthood, the spots have faded leaving dark brown feathers across the head, body and wings, with slightly paler flight feathers on the upper side. In gliding flight, the greater spotted eagle holds the feathers at the tips of the wings downward.


title: James R. Thompson

paragraphs: James Robert Thompson, Jr. (May 8, 1936 – August 14, 2020) was an American Republican politician. He was the 37th Governor of Illinois from 1977 through 1991. He was part of the 9/11 Commission. A structure in Chicago is named after him, the James R. Thompson Center.

paragraphs: Thompson was born on May 8, 1936 in Chicago, Illinois to a Swedish-American family. He studied at the University of Illinois at Chicago, at Washington University in St. Louis, and at Northwestern University. He was married to Jayne Ann Carr Thompson. They had one child.

paragraphs: Thompson died of cardiac arrest at Northwestern Memorial Hospital in Chicago on August 14, 2020 at the age of 84.


title: Daniel Walker

paragraphs: Daniel "Dan" Walker (August 6, 1922 – April 29, 2015) was an American Democratic lawyer, businessman, and politician from Illinois. He was the 36th Governor of Illinois from January 1973 to January 1977. He was one of the four governors of Illinois to serve in jail. He went to jail because of bank fraud in 1988.

paragraphs: Walker was born on August 6, 1922 in Washington, D.C.. He was raised in San Diego, California. Walker studied at the United States Naval Academy and at Northwestern University. Walker died of heart failure in Chula Vista, California, aged 92.


title: Otto Kerner, Jr.

paragraphs: Otto Kerner, Jr. (August 15, 1908 – May 9, 1976) was an American politician. He was a Democrat. He was the Governor of Illinois from January 1961 to May 1968. He is best known for chairing the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders and for accepting bribes. He would later be charged with 17 charges of felony and would serve time in jail. He was one of the four Governors of Illinois to be in jail. He would soon nominate Lyndon B. Johnson to be President.

paragraphs: Kerner was born on August 15, 1908 in Chicago, Illinois. His father was politician Otto Kerner, Sr.. Kerner studied at the Trinity College and at Brown University. He was married to Helena Cermak, the daughter of ex-Chicago mayor Anton Cermak who was assassinated. After leaving office, Kerner had suffered cancer and would later die from the disease on May 9, 1976 in Chicago, Illinois, aged 67. He was buried at the Arlington National Cemetery.


title: Jim Edgar

paragraphs: James "Jim" Edgar (born July 22, 1946) is an American Republican politician. He was Governor of Illinois from January 1991 through January 1999. He was the Illinois Secretary of State from January 1981 through January 1991.

paragraphs: Edgar was a very popular governor. Even though Illinois is a Democratic state, he won in landslides as a Republican. He retired with high approval ratings.

paragraphs: Edgar was born on July 22, 1946 in Vinita, Oklahoma. He was raised in Charleston, Illinois. Edgar studied at Wabash College and at Eastern Illinois University. He is married to Brenda Smith.


title: Internet Marketing Conference

paragraphs: The Internet Marketing Conference, often named (IMC), is an international conference about some aspects of e-business. It was first hosted in Copenhagen in 2000. It has since then been hosted in Edinburgh, Stockholm, Las Vegas, Berlin, Vancouver, Montreal, Gothenburg and New York. The conference was started by Lennart Svanberg.

paragraphs: Many guests have been helping with hosting this event, including Danny Sullivan (Search Engine Watch), Jeffrey Eisenberg (Future Now, Inc.), Jim Wilson (Jim World), Lucas Morea (LatinEdge), Mitch Joel (Twist Image), Scott Ferber (Advertising.com), Stephen Turner (ClickTracks), Matthew Colebourne (coComment), Brian Clifton (Google).


title: J. Edgar Hoover

paragraphs: John Edgar Hoover (January 1, 1895 – May 2, 1972) was an American politician. He was the first Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) of the United States. He was chosen as director of the Bureau of Investigation because he helped start it. He was the director until his death in 1972 at age 77.

paragraphs: According to President Harry S Truman, Hoover transformed the FBI into his private secret police force. Truman stated that "we want no Gestapo or secret police. FBI is tending in that direction. They are dabbling in sex-life scandals and plain blackmail. J. Edgar Hoover would give his right eye to take over, and all congressmen and senators are afraid of him".

paragraphs: Hoover had the largest collection of pornography in history. Some adult movies included photos of Joan Crawford, Frank Sinatra, Warren Beatty, and Tony Curtis.

paragraphs: Hoover was born on January 1, 1895 in Washington, D.C. He studied at George Washington University. Hoover was homosexual.

paragraphs: It is unknown if Hoover and his political partner Clyde Tolson were ever in a relationship. Hoover died on May 2, 1972 in Washington, D.C. from heart failure, aged 77.


title: Monica Geller

paragraphs: Monica Geller is a fictional character on American sitcom "Friends", portrayed by Courteney Cox. She works in a very fancy restaurant. She likes everything in her apartment to be clean. She is married to Chandler Bing. Her brother is Ross Geller. She has two adopted children.


title: Chandler Bing

paragraphs: Chandler Bing is a fictional character on American sitcom "Friends", portrayed by Matthew Perry. He works in an advertising company. He says that he uses humor as a way to defend himself. He is married to Monica Geller. Her brother is Ross Geller, his college roommate. He has two adopted children.


title: Ross Geller

paragraphs: Ross Geller is a fictional character on the American sitcom "Friends", portrayed by David Schwimmer. He works in a museum. He usually wants everyone to be right in facts or grammar. He was divorced three times. He has a son Ben and a daughter Emma. His sister is Monica Geller. In the series finale he ends up having a relationship with Rachel Green.


title: Rachel Green

paragraphs: Rachel Green is a fictional character on the American sitcom "Friends". She is portrayed by Jennifer Aniston. Green worked as a waitress at Central Perk. Then she worked in Bloomingdales as an assistant. Then she was a manager of a Ralph Lauren company. She was divorced two times, one she left her fiancé at the altar. She has a daughter Emma. In the series finale she ends up having a relationship with Ross Geller.


title: Phoebe Buffay

paragraphs: Phoebe Buffay is a fictional character on the American sitcom "Friends". She is portrayed by Lisa Kudrow. Buffay sang terrible songs at Central Perk. Then she worked as a massage therapist. Her dad left her, her twin sister (Ursula), and her stepmother who would later commit suicide. She would later marry Mike Hanagan.


title: Henry Horner

paragraphs: Henry Horner (November 30, 1878 – October 6, 1940) was an American-Democrat politician. He was the 28th Governor of Illinois, serving from January 9, 1933 through October 6, 1940, when he died in office. Horner was the first Jewish governor of Illinois. A park is named after, Horner Park.

paragraphs: Horner was born on November 30, 1878 in Chicago, Illinois. He studied at the University of Chicago. He later came back to Chicago five months later. He died in Winnetka, Illinois on October 6, 1940, aged 61.


title: Tina Louise

paragraphs: Tina Louise (b. Tina Black, February 11, 1934) is an American sitcom and movie actress. She is best known for playing Ginger Grant on the television series "Gilligan's Island". She also played a doomed housewife in the 1975 movie "The Stepford Wives", which was well received. She was born in New York City.


title: GLONASS

paragraphs: GLONASS ("") is a radio-based satellite navigation system. It is operated by the Russian Defence Forces. It provides an alternative to the United States' Global Positioning System (GPS). These are the only two navigational systems with global coverage. Some receivers can use both systems, giving more accurate locations, more quickly.


title: Quinquagesima

paragraphs: Quinquagesima is the Sunday before Ash Wednesday. In Catholicism it is now within Ordinary Time, but the word is still used in the Book of Common Prayer in Anglicanism.


title: Aubrey O'Day

paragraphs: Aubrey O'Day (born February 11, 1984) is an American singer-songwriter and reality television actress and participant. She was in the music group Danity Kane, from which she was fired in 2008.


title: People's Sunday

paragraphs: People's Sunday is a tradition in Malta on the first Sunday of Lent. Many people went on pilgrimage to Zabbar to a chapel devoted to Our Lady of Graces.


title: Notting Hill

paragraphs: Notting Hill is an area of central London west of Westminster. It is known for its carnival each August, and for a movie set in the Portobello Road market starring Julia Roberts and Hugh Grant. The London Underground station Notting Hill Gate is on the Central line between Holland Park and Queensway.


title: Stefanie Powers

paragraphs: Stefanie Powers (born November 2, 1942) is an American actress and singer. She stars mainly in television programs. She played as Jennifer Hart in the 1980s series "Hart to Hart".


title: Luna Park, Tel Aviv

paragraphs: Luna Park, Tel Aviv is an amusement park complex in Tel Aviv Fairgrounds. It is managed by the "Israeli Entertainment Company" which also manages the Superland amusement park in Rishon Lezion.


title: Superland

paragraphs: Superland is an amusement park in Rishon LeZion, Israel. It was opened in 1991. In 1992 it opened as a park with a lake next to it. In the 2000s, a stadium was built in the park. In 2012, a movie theater was opened in the park.


title: The Great Giana Sisters

paragraphs: The Great Giana Sisters is a 1987 platform game known for resembling Nintendo's "Super Mario Brothers". The game was developed by Time Warp Productions and published by Rainbow Arts. Due to the game's similarity to Nintendo's "Super Mario Brothers", Nintendo threatened the game's makers with a legal action, and the game was removed from stores.

paragraphs: Players control one of two protagonists Giana or Maria. Players defeat enemies and collect gems and powerups in order to increase their score. The player's objective is to advance through each level.


title: Prionosuchus

paragraphs: Prionosuchus is a genus of extremely large temnospondyl amphibians from the Middle Permian (270 million years ago). Its remains were found in Brazil.

paragraphs: The fragmentary remains of this animal were found in the Parnaiba Basin of northeast Brazil. With an estimated length of 9 m (30 ft), "Prionosuchus" is the largest amphibian ever found.

paragraphs: It had an elongated and tapered snout, numerous sharp teeth, long body, short legs, and a tail adapted for swimming.

paragraphs: Cox and Hutchinson re-evaluated "Prionosuchus" in 1991 and thought it was synonymous with the genus "Platyoposaurus" from Russia. However, "Platyoposaurus" had a total length of only 2.5 meters (8.2 ft), which suggested that the two animals were at least different species. The age of the sediments suggested the two were not comtemporaries. Most paleontologists consider "Prionosuchus" as a valid genus.

paragraphs: "Prionosuchus" lived in a humid and tropical environment as indicated by the petrified forest of the Pedra do Fogo formation in which the fossil was found. The strata of siltstones, shales and limestones were deposited in lagoonal and fluvial environments. Other animals discovered in the same rocks include fish (primitive sharks, palaeoniscids, and lungfish) and amphibians.

paragraphs: Its general appearance was similar to a modern crocodile, such as the gharial. It probably had a similar lifestyle as an ambush aquatic predator feeding on fish and other aquatic animals.

paragraphs: It was one of a group known as the Archegosaurs. The archegosaurs were a group of temnospondyls that occupied the ecological niche of crocodiles and alligators during the Permian. The smaller European genus "Archegosaurus" is typical. The group went extinct at the end of the Permian. In the Triassic, the niche was filled by other temnospondyls and by reptiles such as the phytosaurs.


title: Fleur de lys

paragraphs: The fleur de lys or fleur de lis (plural: fleurs de lys or fleurs de lis) is a stylized depiction of the lily or the iris. It is decorative and has been used for centuries on flags and on coats of arms.


title: Frans Hals

paragraphs: Frans Hals the Elder (c. 1582 – 26 August 1666) was a Dutch painter. He is notable for his loose brushwork. He helped introduce this lively style of painting into Dutch art. Hals was also instrumental in the evolution of 17th century group portrait painting.


title: The Cube

paragraphs: The Cube is a British game show that airs on ITV. It is presented by Phillip Schofield. It began on 22 August 2009 and ended on 8 August 2015. The show ran for 9 series.

paragraphs: Contestants play a seven games to win £250,000. Games take place inside of a cube. The contestant is given nine lives. Each time a contestant fails, he lose a life, and must play the game again. If a contestant loses all of their lives, they go home with nothing. Contestants may stop with the money they have so far before any game. Before each game, contestants are shown how to play it by a character named "The Body." A contestant has two helps available. The first one is Simplify. This allows a contestant to make a game easier. The other one is Trial Run. This allows contestants to play the game without the risk of losing their lives.

paragraphs: There are seven games per contestant. The last game is a harder version of the game the contestant had the most trouble with. If a contestant wins all seven games, they win £250,000.


title: Pearl Bailey

paragraphs: Pearl Mae Bailey (March 29, 1918 – August 17, 1990) was an American actress, entertainer, and singer. She was known for her roles in "St. Louis Women", "Hello, Dolly!", and in "". She won an Grammy Award in 1959, an Emmy Award in 1968, an Screen Actors Guild Award in 1976, and an Tony Award in 1986.

paragraphs: Bailey was born on March 29, 1918 in Southampton County, Virginia. She was married to John Randolph Pinkett from 1948 until they divorced in 1952. Then she was married to Louie Bellson from 1952 until her death in 1990. They had two children, one adopted. Bailey died on August 17, 1990 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She was aged 72.


title: Robert Hegyes

paragraphs: Robert Hegyes (May 7, 1951 – January 26, 2012) was an American actor who was known for his role as Juan Epstein in the 1970s comedy sitcom "Welcome Back, Kotter".

paragraphs: Hegyes was born on May 7, 1951 in Perth Amboy, New Jersey to a Hungarian-Italian family. He was raised in Metuchen, New Jersey. Hegyes studied at Metuchen High School and at Glassboro State College. He was never married. Hegyes died on January 26, 2012 from a heart attack in Edison, New Jersey, aged 60.


title: Kings City

paragraphs: Kings City is an amusement park in Eilat, Israel. It is located in the hotels area of the city. The amusement park is dedicated to the Bible and was open in 2005 at a cost of US$40,000,000.


title: Xenophon

paragraphs: Xenophon (c. 430 – 354 BC), also known as Xenophon of Athens, was a Greek historian, soldier, mercenary, philosopher and a contemporary and admirer of Socrates. He is known for his writings on the history of his own times, the 4th century BC. He preserved the sayings of Socrates, and descriptions of life in ancient Greece and the Persian Empire.


title: Praxiteles

paragraphs: Praxiteles was the most famous of the sculptors of the 4th century BC. He was the first to sculpt the nude female form in a life-size statue. While no sculpture by Praxiteles is extant, numerous copies of his works have survived. Several authors, including Pliny the Elder, wrote of his works. Coins engraved with silhouettes of his various famous statuary types from the period still exist. His works include "Hermes and the Infant Dionysus".


title: Jack Thayer

paragraphs: John Borland "Jack" Thayer III (December 24, 1894 – September 20, 1945) was an American writer and historian. He was a first-class passenger on the RMS "Titanic". He helped many people to solve how the "Titanic" sank. He later wrote books about the sinking.

paragraphs: Thayer was born on December 24, 1894 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was married to Lois Cassatt until his death in 1945. Thayer committed suicide on September 20, 1945. He was depressed about his son's death during World War II. He was found in a car in Philadelphia with cuts on his wrist and throat, aged 50.


title: J. Bruce Ismay

paragraphs: Joseph Bruce Ismay (December 12, 1862 – October 17, 1937) was an English businessman. He was chairman and managing director of the White Star Line. He was known as the man who created the RMS "Titanic". He was one of the survivors, but because he survived many people thought he was afraid of dying and would later destroy his reputation.

paragraphs: Ismay was born on December 12, 1862 in Crosby, Lancashire, England. He was married to Julia Florence Schieffelin from 1888 until his death in 1937. They had five children. Ismay died on October 17, 1937 in Mayfar, London, England from a stroke, aged 74.


title: Cinereous vulture

paragraphs: The cinereous vulture ("Aegypius monachus") is also known as the 'black vulture', 'monk vulture', or 'Eurasian black vulture'. It is a member of the family Accipitridae. It is one of the two largest old world vultures.

paragraphs: This bird is an Old World vulture, and is only distantly related to the New World vultures, which are in a separate family, Cathartidae, of the same order. It is therefore not directly related to the much smaller American black vulture despite the similar name and coloration.


title: Sarah Lancaster

paragraphs: Sarah Lancaster (February 12, 1980, Overland Park, Kansas) is an American actress who stars primarily in sitcoms. She starred as Rachel Meyers in the sitcom "Saved by the Bell: The New Class" and Marjorie in "What about Brian".


title: Search Engine Watch

paragraphs: Search Engine Watch (SEW) is a website with news and information about search engines and search engine marketing.

paragraphs: Search Engine Watch website was started by Danny Sullivan in 1996. In 1997, Sullivan sold it to MecklerMedia (now Jupitermedia). In 2005 the website and Search Engine Strategies were sold to Incisive Media for $43 million. On November 30, 2006 Danny Sullivan left Search Engine Watch. Rebecca Lieb became editor-in-chief next month.

paragraphs: Google's Matt Cutts has named Search Engine Watch "a must read." Yahoo's Tim Mayer has said that Search Engine Watch is the "most authoritative source on search."


title: Kanon

paragraphs: Kanon () is a Japanese adult visual novel developed by Key. It was released on 4 June 1999. It is playable on Windows PCs. Key later released versions of "Kanon" without the erotic content, and the game was ported to the Dreamcast, PlayStation 2 and PlayStation Portable. After the game's release, Kanon made several transitions into other media. Two Manga series were serialized in Dengeki Daioh and Dragon Age Pure. Comic anthologies, light novels and art books were also published, as were audio dramas and several music albums. Toei Animation produced a 13-episode anime television series in 2002 and an original video animation (OVA) episode in 2003. Kyoto Animation produced a 24-episode anime series in 2006.

paragraphs: The story follows the life of Yuichi Aizawa, a high school student who returns to a city he last visited seven years ago, and he has little recollection (memories) of the events from back then. He meets several girls and slowly regains his lost memories.

paragraphs: He is the main character of the story. He is friendly and outgoing. In the beginning of the story he moves to a new city and lives with his cousin, Nayuki Minase. He visited the town many years ago, but has since lost most of his memories of the place.

paragraphs: Ayu is the main female character of the story. She is lively and energetic, and wears a backpack with wings on it. Her catchphrase is "uguu", which she uses to express emotions such as frustration, anger, or fear, Yuichi enjoys teasing her about it. She refers to herself as "boku", a Japanese masculine word for "I". Her favorite food is taiyaki. Although she looks very young, she is actually the same age as Yuichi (17 years old).

paragraphs: Nayuki is Yuichi's cousin. Yuichi moves in with her at the start of the story.

paragraphs: Mai is a third-year student at the same high school Yuichi goes to. He met her standing alone in the school building at night, with a sword in her hand. At nighttime when no one is in the school, she comes in to fight and defeat demons. People are always blaming her for accidents that happen at the school, though she never denies them.


title: Division of North Sydney

paragraphs: The Division of North Sydney is an Australian Electoral Division in New South Wales. The division is named after the North Sydney area. It was set up in 1900 for the first federal election in 1901.

paragraphs: The electoral division includes the suburbs of Artarmon, Cammeray, Cremorne, Cremorne Point, Crows Nest, Gore Hill, Greenwich, Henley, Hunters Hill, Huntleys Point, Kirribilli, Lane Cove, Lane Cove North, Lane Cove West, Lavender Bay, Linley Point, Longueville, McMahons Point, Milsons Point, Naremburn, Neutral Bay, North Sydney,Northbridge, Northwood, Riverview, St Leonards, Tarban, Waverton, Wollstonecraft, Woolwich and parts of Castlecrag, Gladesville and Willoughby.

paragraphs: North Sydney is one of only two original divisions in New South Wales, which have never been held by the ALP. It has been held by a member of a non-Labor party for all but six years, when independent Ted Mack held it. It was held after the December 1922 election by Prime Minister Billy Hughes. Hughes was replaced as Nationalist party leader, and therefore Prime Minister by Stanley Bruce in February 1923. Joe Hockey was Treasurer in the Abbott Government, but lost his position when Malcolm Turnbull became Prime Minister. Hockey resigned from Parliament which caused a by-election, and was then appointed as the Ambassador to the US.


title: Exit to Eden

paragraphs: Exit to Eden is a 1994 comedy-thriller movie. Rosie O'Donnell, Dana Delany and Dan Aykroyd are in the cast. This movie is about undercover police, sex and vacationing on an island. "Exit to Eden" got attention because of sexual content and well-known actors in the cast.

paragraphs: A young and attractive photographer named Elliot Slater is in southern California. He has been uncomfortable with his sexual matters, which are in the BDSM realm.

paragraphs: But before he begins his journey of sexual discovery, what Slater doesn't know is that he has photographed an international jewel thief named Omar. No other photos exist on Omar. The jewel thief has a criminal partner named Nina. Omar and Nina are wanting to recover the photographic film so Omar can stay anonymous.

paragraphs: Omar and Nina follow Elliot to an island resort called "Eden" and pose as vacationers. The island resort is operated by a mistress named Lisa Emerson. Following a tip that Omar is on the island, two undercover police officers, Fred Lavery and Sheila Kingston, also arrive. Fred is disguised as a handyman; Sheila as a vacationer.

paragraphs: Fred and Sheila send Omar and Nina into jail. Elliot later asks Lisa to marry him; Lisa says yes.

paragraphs: "Exit to Eden" received attention during its release because of the BDSM themes and full-frontal female nudity. It also got attention for its cast members, the director and the writer of the novel on which the movie was based.

paragraphs: It didn't receive good reviews from critics. The critics were disappointed and confused about the combination of the original story and comedy elements. Rotten Tomatoes rated this movie at 6%, meaning "rotten" reviews. Roger Ebert gave the movie only half a star.

paragraphs: The movie was released on October 14, 1994.

paragraphs: Rosie O'Donnell won a Razzie Award for the Worst Supporting Actress. Dan Aykroyd was nominated for the Worst Supporting Actor. Both were nominated as the Worst Screen Couple.


title: Australian War Memorial

paragraphs: The Australian War Memorial is Australia's national memorial. It recognises all members of the armed forces and organisations who have died or taken part in the wars of the Commonwealth of Australia. The memorial includes a large military museum. Opened in 1941, it is one of the most significant memorials of its type in the world.

paragraphs: The Memorial is in Australia's capital, Canberra. It is the north end of the city's ceremonial land axis. This is a line from Parliament House on Capital Hill to Mount Ainslie. No roads directly link the two points, but there is a clear line of sight between Parliament House and the War Memorial.

paragraphs: The Australian War Memorial has three parts. The first is the Commemorative Area (shrine) including the Hall of Memory with the Tomb of the Unknown Australian Soldier. The second is the museum. The third part is the Research Centre. The Memorial also has an outdoor Sculpture Garden. The Memorial is open daily from 10am until 5pm, except on Christmas Day.

paragraphs: Anzac Parade, while a part of the Memorial design, is maintained by the National Capital Authority (NCA).

paragraphs: Charles Bean, Australia's official World War I historian, first thought of a museum memorial to Australian soldiers while observing the 1916 battles in France. The Australian War Records Section began in May 1917 to keep the records relating to the war being fought at the time. Records and items were first shown in Melbourne and later Canberra.

paragraphs: A design competition in 1927 did not produce a winning entry. Two entrants, Sydney architects Emil Sodersten and John Crust, were asked to work together on a design. A limited budget and the effects of the Depression limited the project.

paragraphs: The building was completed in 1941, after the start of World War II. It was officially opened on Remembrance Day, 11 November 1941, by the Governor-General Lord Gowrie. Gowrie was a former soldier who had been awarded the Victoria Cross. The building has been extended to allow the remembrance of Australia's role in other more recent conflicts.

paragraphs: Remembrance Nature Park, behind the War Memorial, is the Canberra end of the Remembrance Driveway, a system of parks, landmarks and road-side stops between Sydney and Canberra. It commeorates the 24 World War II and Vietnam War Victoria Cross recipients.

paragraphs: ANZAC Parade is a short, broad street named after the soldiers of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps. It reaches from the north shore of Lake Burley Griffin to the Memorial, along the line of sight from Parliament House. It separates the residential suburbs of Campbell and Reid, and is used by a lot of traffic between northeastern Canberra (Dickson etc.) and Kings Avenue Bridge.

paragraphs: On each side of the Parade are monuments for military campaigns or services, such as the Vietnam War and Australia's wartime nurses. The monuments are mostly sculptures in styles from naturalistic to Modern.

paragraphs: Near the lake are a pair of monumental sculptures in the form of large basket handles, donated to the Memorial by New Zealand. They are dedicated to Australia and New Zealand and are inspired by the Māori proverb "Mau tena kiwai o te kete, maku tenei", "Each of us at a handle of the basket". This symbolises the long tradition of cooperation and general closeness between the two Commonwealth countries.

paragraphs: The symbolic association of the two nations is also shown in the plants along ANZAC Parade. Long beds of New Zealand "Hebe" shrubs line the middle of the avenue. Behind the two rows of monuments are narrow bands of Australian eucalyptus trees. Behind the trees are narrow residential streets paralleling the Parade and separating it from the residential neighbourhoods. In the high summer, cicadas in the eucalyptus trees can be heard from several blocks away.

paragraphs: The Australian War Memorial is at the northern end of Anzac Parade. The commemorative area is in the open centre of the memorial building with cloisters on each side. There is the Hall of Memory under the building's central dome and the sculpture garden on the west lawn.

paragraphs: The heart of the commemorative area is the "Hall of Memory". This is a tall domed chapel with a small floor plan in the form of an octagon. The walls are lined with tiny mosaic tiles from the floor to the dome. Inside lies the Tomb of the Unknown Australian Soldier.

paragraphs: Three of the walls, facing east, west, and south, have stained glass designs showing qualities of Australian servicemen and women. At the four walls facing northeast, northwest, southeast, and southwest are mosaic images of a sailor, a servicewoman, a soldier and an airman. The mosaic and stained glass were the work of the one-armed Australian artist Napier Waller. He had lost his right arm at Bullecourt during World War I and learned to write and create his works with his left arm. He completed his work in 1958.

paragraphs: In front of the Hall of Memory is a narrow courtyard with a memorial pool surrounding an eternal flame. On either side are paths and gardens, including plantings of rosemary for remembrance. Above the courtyard on either side are long cloisters containing the "Roll of Honour". This is a series of bronze plaques naming the 102,000 Australian servicemen and women killed in conflict. The plaques include names dating back to the British Sudanese Expedition, the Second Boer War, and the Boxer Rebellion. The entire long wall of the western gallery is covered with the names of the thousands who died in World War I. The eastern gallery is covered with the names of those who died in World War II and more recent conflicts.

paragraphs: The roll shows the names only, not rank or other awards, as "all men are equal in death". Visitors have put poppies next to the names of their relatives and friends.

paragraphs: A small exhibit in the museum indicates that the famous Breaker Morant of the Boer War does not appear in the Roll of Honour. This was not because he was dishonoured, but rather because he was not actually a member of the Australian armed forces.

paragraphs: When the Memorial closes each day, there is a ceremony at which visitors can gather at the entrance, hear a very brief explanation from a host, and listen as a recording of the "Last Post" is played. On significant days, a piper or a bugler descends from the gallery, playing the Last Post.

paragraphs: The commemorative area is the main place in Canberra where Anzac Day and Remembrance Day services are held. These services are normally attended by Federal parliament representatives and officials from foreign embassies and Commonwealth high commissions, most notably those from New Zealand.

paragraphs: The Memorial is a two-storey building with a floor plan in the shape of a cross. The building is of Byzantine architecture style with strong elements of Art Deco. In 2001, a new, broad annex called "ANZAC Hall" was added to the north of the original building. In order to preserve the view of the original building from Anzac Parade, ANZAC Hall was designed to be sunk into the grounds below, and hidden behind a wall.

paragraphs: The upper level has displays on World War I (the entire west wing) and World War II (the entire east wing). In the World War I area there is a lot material about the Gallipoli campaign. Between the wings lies "Aircraft Hall", which contains a number of complete aircraft, mostly from the World War II era.

paragraphs: Also between the wings is the "Hall of Valour", a display of 61 of the 96 Victoria Crosses awarded to Australian soldiers. This is the largest public collection of Victoria Crosses in the world. There is a display for the holder of each Cross shown there. The relatives of Australian VC holders often give or loan the Crosses to the Memorial for safekeeping and greater public awareness of their honoured kin.

paragraphs: On 24 July 2006 Kerry Stokes purchased the 60th medal at auction for a world record price of A$1,000,000 and asked that it be displayed in the Victoria Cross Gallery. This medal was awarded to Captain Alfred Shout for hand-to-hand combat at the Lone Pine trenches in Gallipoli, Turkey. The Victoria Cross Gallery now has all nine VCs awarded to Australians at Gallipoli. These were to Alexander Burton, William Dunstan, John Hamilton, Albert Jacka, Leonard Keysor, Alfred Shout, William Symons, Hugo Throssell and Frederick Tubb.

paragraphs: The lower level contains a theatre, a research area, displays for the colonial and post–World War II conflicts. There is also an area for special exhibitions.

paragraphs: ANZAC Hall is on the upper level of the memorial, used for the display of large military equipment. This includes a historic Lancaster bomber known as G for George, a Japanese "Ko-hyoteki" class midget submarine sunk during a raid on Sydney Harbour in 1942, German aircraft including the Me 262 and Me 163, and a restored Japanese A6M Zero, that was flown in combat over New Guinea. The eastern side includes a World War I aircraft exhibition, which includes a Royal Aircraft Factory SE5a, Pzalz D.XII and Albatros D.Va.

paragraphs: A gift shop and two coffee shops are on site, one overlooking ANZAC Hall, called "The Landing Place", and the other on the eastern side of the main building, called "The Terrace".

paragraphs: The sculpture garden on the west lawn of the Memorial contains a variety of outdoor monuments. The sidewalk through the garden is has bronze plaques commemorating various branches of service, specific units, and historical events. There are also a number of sculptures, including a gigantic figure of a World War II Australian soldier which was originally located in the Hall of Memory, before the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier was placed there. There is a gun turret from HMAS "Brisbane", a gun barrel from the heavy cruiser HMAS "Australia" and the barrel from the Amiens Gun – a huge railroad gun captured from the Germans during World War I.

paragraphs: This area is used for special displays. Summertime band concerts are held on the nearby lawn.


title: Michel de Montaigne

paragraphs: Michel de Montaigne (born on 28 February 1533 and died on 13 September 1592) was a French writer. He is sceptic and known for his essays.


title: Anna Shaffer

paragraphs: Anna Shaffer is an English actress, best known for her role as Ruby Button in teen soap opera "Hollyoaks," and for her role as Romilda Vane in the Harry Potter film series.


title: AccuWeather

paragraphs: AccuWeather is an American media organization that provides non-profit worldwide weather forecasts. The name "AccuWeather" is a portmanteau for "accurate" and "weather".

paragraphs: The network was founded in 1962 by Joel N. Myers, then a Penn State graduate student working on degrees in meteorology. The company adopted the name "AccuWeather" in 1971. It is centered in State College, Pennsylvania. AccuWeather is a strong provider for a lot of local television stations, and does guest commentaries on major television, networks.


title: LionsXII

paragraphs: LionsXII is a Singapore football team based at Jalan Besar Stadium. Managed by the Football Association of Singapore, the squad marks the return of Singapore to the Malaysia football scene after leaving the Malaysia Cup in 1994. The name "LionsXII" is a special tribute to the fans, who is generally recognised as football's "12th Man".

paragraphs: In 2011, the Football Association of Singapore and the Football Association of Malaysia reached an agreement that would see greater cooperation between the two nations. One of the intended avenues would see the Under-23s play in the Malaysian Super League and Malaysia Cup from 2012 onwards, the first time a Singaporean team would be participating in Malaysian domestic football since 1994, when Singapore won the M-League and Malaysia Cup double. Although the new Singapore team would have the existing Under-23s forming its core, senior players were also called upon to guide the younger players. No foreign players were allowed to be part of the Singapore team as this project served as being developmental.

paragraphs: The LionsXII debuted in the 2012 Malaysia Super League on 10 January 2012 with a 1–2 loss to defending champions Kelantan FA. The LionsXII's first win was a 2–1 victory over Kuala Lumpur FA on 17 January. The LionsXII's first away win was a 1–0 victory over Sabah FA on 21 January. LionsXII began their 2012 Malaysia FA Cup quest on 18 February, with a 3–0 win over UiTM FC. The LionsXII made their way to the quarter-final with a 2–0 win over Betaria FC on 10 March 2012. However, they were beaten by Terengganu FA in the quarter-finals. On 16 June 2012, they defeated Sabah FA 9–0 at home, the biggest win in the MSL season. LionsXII finished second in the league behind Kelantan FA, and bowed out of the semi-final of the 2012 Malaysia Cup after losing in a penalty shoot-out against ATM FA.

paragraphs: LionsXII were set a target of finishing in the top top five for the 2013 Malaysia Super League when a press conference was held before the start of the season. The five overage players included key members from the previous campaign such as Shahril Ishak, Isa Halim, and Baihakki Khaizan, but other key players such as Shahdan Sulaiman and Shaiful Esah no longer featured. The main aim was to develop the U-23 players and prepare them for the upcoming 2013 Southeast Asian Games that would be held at the end of the year, with the five seniors players serving to guide them throughout the campaign. As at the start of the campaign, 13 players were also undergoing National Service.

paragraphs: LionsXII began their campaign by defeating ATM FA 1–0 away. In their first home match, they successfully edged out traditional rivals Selangor FA for the first time since joining the MSL. However, LionsXII stumbled to two losses against lowly T-Team FC and PKNS FC away. They also crashed out against in the first round of the 2013 Malaysia FA Cup against PKNS. Despite this, LionsXII went on a long unbeaten streak, securing important wins over Pahang FA (3–0), Kelantan FA (1–0), and ATM FA (3–1) at home. The opposing coaches even conceded the title to the LionsXII leading up to the end of the season, as the team chalked up the best home record in the league, winning 10 and drawing one (with the draw coming in Round 19 against title-contender Johor Darul Takzim FC.

paragraphs: On 2 July 2013, a 4–0 win over relegation-threatened FELDA United FC in the penultimate league game made LionsXII league champions. Singapore's Prime Minister, Lee Hsien Loong was present for the match played in front of a sold-out crowd at the Jalan Besar Stadium. The MSL trophy was also brought to Jalan Besar Stadium as the LionsXII received it on home soil after the final whistle. LionsXII became the first foreign team to win the MSL, adding to the four Malaysian league titles it had won in 1979, 1981, 1985, and 1994. The title run was defined by a combination of good defence (13 goals conceded, the best record in the MSL) and goals from set-pieces (17 out of 32).

paragraphs: LionsXII ground stadium is Jalan Besar Stadium in Singapore. The stadium can host 8,000 supporters in total.

paragraphs: On 30 October 2012, a new high-definition LED scoreboard was implemented at the Gallery to provide better quality to the spectators as it will be able replay video highlights of the action on the field.

paragraphs: LionsXII boasts a lot of passionate supporters who will always turn up in red to support them in every home match. Their official fan group is called ExcluSinga accredited by the Football Association of Singapore. The group was formed from their news-providing Facebook page, Exclusive Singapore LIONSXII, which provides regular and exclusive updates which recognised by the Football Association of Singapore and has become their official fan club in April 2012 soon after the LionsXII was formed on 25 March 2012.

paragraphs: Members of ExcluSinga will make their appearances in LionsXII matches chanting and supporting the team throughout the whole 90 minutes.

paragraphs: They have over 1,000 members in their Facebook group up to date.

paragraphs: On 5 January 2012, Football Association of Singapore announced the appointment of StarHub as the Official Broadcaster and Principal Sponsor of LionsXII. As part of the partnership, StarHub will carry all LionsXII content on its pay TV, online and mobile platforms. Two days after the announcement of the kit, LionsXII sealed a second major sponsorship deal, with news that SilkPro will fund the Singapore outfit to the tune of S$1m during its debut season in Malaysia Super League. On 23 February 2012, LionsXII secured another sponsorship deal, with Shop N Save, a Singapore supermarket, coming on board as the 'Official Supermarket' for the Singapore outfit in its debut season in the Malaysian Super League.


Water resistance


title: Harlem Shake

paragraphs: The Harlem Shake is an Internet meme that became popular in February 2013. It started with a video by a YouTube user named Filthy Frank. The trend spread with people trying to replicate the video. The videos feature the song "Harlem Shake" by electronic musician Baauer, and a dance. Normally, each video begins with one person (often wearing a mask) dancing to the song alone, surrounded by other people who seem to be unaware of the person dancing. When the bass drops, the entire crowd starts doing the dance. The video tends to be 30 seconds long.

paragraphs: Several reports have compared the Harlem shake to the Gangnam Style meme that was popular during 2012.


title: Charter Communications

paragraphs: Charter Communications is a cable system group begun in Delaware in 1993. They have cable television, Internet and telephone services for over 26 million customers in 41 U.S. States.

paragraphs: The Charter headquarters are in Stamford, Connecticut, though many operations remain in St. Louis, Missouri.

paragraphs: The company has gotten several awards. But like certain other providers, they have also been under criticism.

paragraphs: In May 2016, Charter took over Time Warner Cable and the Bright House Networks; the three companies merged and then became Spectrum.


title: Bearded vulture

paragraphs: The bearded vulture ("Gypaetus barbatus"), also known as the lammergeier or lammergeyer, is a bird of prey. It is the only member of the genus Gypaetus.

paragraphs: An Old World vulture, it forms a minor line of the Accipitridae with the Egyptian vulture, its closest living relative. They are not much more closely related to the Old World vultures proper than to hawks. They differ from Old World vultures by their feathered neck.

paragraphs: It eats mainly carrion and lives and breeds on crags in high mountains in southern Europe, the Caucasus, Africa, the Indian subcontinent, and Tibet. The females lay one or two eggs in mid-winter that hatch at the beginning of spring. Populations are resident.


title: Abu Kabir Forensic Institute

paragraphs: Abu Kabir Forensic Institute (L. Greenberg National Institute of Forensic Medicine; ) is the only forensics institute in Israel. It is in Tel Aviv.


title: Israel Meteorological Service

paragraphs: The Israel Meteorological Service is the central service for weather forecasting and climate research in Israel. It includes 30 weather stations. The Israel Meteorological Service is located in Rishon LeZion. The Israel Meteorological Service is also a unit in the Israeli Ministry of Transport.


title: Burning Man

paragraphs: Burning Man is a festival that happens every year at Black Rock Desert in northern Nevada, in the United States. It lasts a week, and it starts on the last Monday in August, and ends on the first Monday in September (which is also Labor Day in the U.S.). The festival is called Burning Man because a large wood sculpture of a man is set on fire on Saturday. The festival has been happening every year since 1990. Many people go to Burning Man; in 2012, over 55,000 people were there. The Black Rock desert is far from any cities or towns, and is very dry, so people who go to Burning Man have to bring their own water, food, and shelter.

paragraphs: Burning Man started in 1986 in San Francisco. An artist named Larry Harvey made a wooden sculpture of a man, and decided to burn it at a nearby beach as a bonfire for Summer Solstice. It was a success, so he did it again at the beach the next year, and then again a couple years after that. Each year the sculpture was made bigger. In 1987 “the Man” was almost tall, and in 1989 it was almost tall.

paragraphs: In 1990, the police stopped Harvey from burning the Man because Harvey did not have a permit.

paragraphs: Around the same time, two people named Kevin Evans and John Law were planning a group trip to a dry lake, called The Playa, in the Black Rock Desert. They were members of a group of Dadaists named the Cacophony Society. Harvey decided to take the sculpture, which had been taken apart, to the desert to be burned. Since that time the festival has happened in the desert.

paragraphs: John Law knew how to make neon signs, so starting in 1991 neon lights have been added to the Man.

paragraphs: One of the members of the Cacophony Society is named Michael Mikel, who uses the name “Danger Ranger”. He was worried about people getting lost in the desert, which can be very dangerous. He started a group named the Black Rock Rangers to help keep people safe, and to help break up conflicts.

paragraphs: Starting in 1991, Harvey got a permit from the Bureau of Land Management (who take care of land owned by the US government) to hold the festival. The festival was becoming more popular every year. In 1991 about 250 people were there. In 1995 about 4,000 people were there, and in 1997 it was about 10,000. In 2000 attendance was about 25,000, and by 2010 it had reached over 50,000 people. The festival has become so large, sometimes it is called "Black Rock City" because it is like a small city.

paragraphs: Harvey wrote 10 principles to suggest how he thought people at Burning Man behave. These principles are:

paragraphs: Everyone who goes to Burning Man must have a ticket. Tickets must be bought before the festival starts.

paragraphs: Burning Man is designed for pedestrians and people on bicycles. Most cars can only be used for entering or leaving the festival. Because there have been many car accidents in the past, cars are only allowed to go 5 miles per hour.

paragraphs: Money is only allowed for a few things at Burning Man. It can only be used to buy ice, to buy coffee and other drinks, to pay for recreational vehicle services, to pay for emergency services like an auto mechanic or a locksmith, and a few other things.

paragraphs: Guns, fireworks, and dogs, are not allowed.

paragraphs: Many artists choose to show their art at Burning Man. Because the dry lake where the festival happens is so empty, it is like a white canvas.

paragraphs: Every year since 1996 Harvey has chosen a theme, which is a word or idea that some of the artists use as part of their artwork. For example, in 2011 the theme was “Rites of Passage”, while in 2013 the theme was "Cargo Cults".

paragraphs: People who want to bring motor vehicles to drive around while at Burning Man must get permission before they arrive. The group that gives permission is called the "Department of Mutant Vehicles”, or DMV. The cars, trucks, and buses must be changed to look very different from normal. These are called "Mutant vehicles". Mutant vehicles often have complicated lights. Some mutant vehicles have loudspeakers for playing music, and some have flames and other pyrotechnics.

paragraphs: The city that is built for the festival is named "Black Rock City", or "BRC" for short. Because it is so big, some volunteers start building about 3 weeks before the festival starts. Some people also stay as long as 4 weeks after to clean-up and take everything apart.

paragraphs: The city has streets which are planned in the shape of a clock. There are streets that go towards the Man, which are named after times on a clock (12:00, 12:30, 1:00, and so on). There are also streets that curve in a circle around the Man. These streets are given new names every year. The area closest to the Man doesn't have any buildings or tents. This area only has different works of art. The street that runs along the inside of the circle surrounding the Man is called the Esplanade.

paragraphs: A small airport is also built every year, away from the rest of the city.

paragraphs: The Sierra Club has said that all of the cars and trucks coming and going to the desert produces too much carbon dioxide gas, which causes global warming. A group of people at Burning Man started a group called Black Rock Solar. This group built solar panels for schools in a nearby town, so that less carbon dioxide needs to be produced.


title: Tyre, Lebanon

paragraphs: Tyre is a city in the south of Lebanon. About 120,000 people lived there in 2003. The Phoenicians originally built the city. It is known as "Tyrus" in Latin, and "Tyros" in Greek. Its name in Arabic and Turkish is "Suur".


title: Norodom Sihanouk

paragraphs: Norodom Sihanouk (October 31, 1922 – October 15, 2012) was the King of Cambodia from 1941 to 1955 and again from 1993 to 2004. He was in the Guinness Book of Records because he had had the most political duties in the world. He served as the 1st, 12th, 16th, 20th, 23rd, 25th, 27th, 35th, and 37th Prime Minister of Cambodia. He was exiled in 2004 and later left his throne in the same year.

paragraphs: Sihanouk was born on October 31, 1922 in Phnom Penh, French Indochina. He studied at the Cavalry Military School. Sihanouk was married six times. His last wife was Norodom Monineath from 1952 until his death in 2012. Sihanouk had 14 children. He had suffered prostate cancer. Sihanouk died on October 15, 2012 while on a trip to Beijing, China from a heart attack, aged 89.


title: David Dinkins

paragraphs: David Norman Dinkins (born July 10, 1927) is an American politician and activist. He served as the 106th Mayor of New York City from January 1, 1990 through December 31, 1993. He lost reelection in 1993 to Rudy Giuliani. He was the first African American mayor of New York City.

paragraphs: Dinkins was born on July 10, 1927 in Trenton, New Jersey. He studied at Harvard University and at the Brooklyn Law School. Dinkins was married to Joyce Burrows until her death in 2020. They have two children. He now lives in New York City.


title: Thomas E. Dewey

paragraphs: Thomas Edmund Dewey (March 24, 1902 – March 16, 1971) was an American politician. He served as the 47th Governor of New York from January 1, 1943 through December 31, 1954. He ran for President two times, he lost both of them. He was mostly known for losing to Harry S. Truman when the "Chicago Tribune" mistakenly printed newspapers that said Dewey Defeats Truman.

paragraphs: Dewey was born on March 24, 1902 in Owosso, Michigan. He studied at the University of Michigan and at the Columbian Law School. Dewey was married to Frances Hutt from 1928 until her death 1970. Dewey died while on a trip to Miami, Florida from a heart attack on March 16, 1971, aged 68.


title: Robert M. La Follette

paragraphs: Robert Marion "Fighting Bob" La Follette, Sr. (June 14, 1855 – June 18, 1925) was an American Republican. He was a Senator from Wisconsin from January 2, 1906 until his death on June 18, 1925. He ran for President in 1924, but lost. If La Follette won he would have been the seventh President to die in office. He is thought to be one of the greatest Senators of American History.

paragraphs: La Follette was born on June 14, 1855 in Primrose, Wisconsin. He is of English-Scottish-French descent. He studied at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. La Follette was married to Belle Case Le Follette from 1881 until his death in 1925. They had four children. La Follette died on June 18, 1925 in Washington, D.C. from a heart disease, aged 70.


title: The Piano Teacher

paragraphs: The Piano Teacher is an erotic drama movie of 2001 about a piano professor for a musical conservatory. The subjects of this drama are piano playing, voyeurism and masochism. "The Piano Teacher" received positive review by critics, and several international awards.


title: Planetarian: Chiisana Hoshi no Yume

paragraphs: Key defines "Planetarian" as a "kinetic novel", since its gameplay offers no choices or alternate endings. Instead, the player proceeds through the story solely by reading. The story is written by Yūichi Suzumoto and "Planetarian" is one of two Key games not to have Itaru Hinoue as an artist, using Eeji Komatsu instead. The game's soundtrack was composed and arranged by Key's signature composers Magome Togoshi and Shinji Orito.

paragraphs: The story centers around a middle-aged man who comes across a malfunctioning robot in a dead city. The man, known simply as "the junker", stays with this robot for a time and attempts to fix the projector of the planetarium where the story takes place.

paragraphs: A light novel of short stories set in the world of "Planetarian" was released in April 2006. Three audio dramas have also been produced. David Production produced a five-episode original net animation series and an anime movie in 2016.


title: Har Nof

paragraphs: Har Nof (, meaning "scenic mountain") is a mountain in Jerusalem. It is a famous neighborhood of important Israeli Rabbis. There are ancient terraces in the neighborhood, which were used for growing grapes. There are also many presses, from the Second Temple carved in the rock, suggesting a large Jewish community at the time. There are also ruins from fortifications dating from the Herodian period.

paragraphs: The ruins of a castle and a small pond were found in one of the lowest streets in the neighborhood. The fort was from the time of the Second Temple, and was populated by guards who protected the pilgrims visiting the temple. Opposite the castle, an ancient wine press was found, which probably belonged to the fortress' guards.