title: Nord-Est (development region)

paragraphs: Nord-Est ("North East") or Nord-Est Moldova is a development region in Romania.

paragraphs: The Nord-Est region is made up of these counties:

paragraphs: The economy of Nord-Est region is mainly agricultural, especially towards the north, even though there are many industrial cities, especially Iaşi, Bacău and Suceava. The regional GDP per capita is the lowest in Romania, at about two-thirds of the national average. Botoşani and Vaslui are sometimes thought to be the poorest counties in Romania. However, Iaşi, the largest city in Nord-Est is one of the rich cities of the region. The region's richest counties are, in order, Iaşi, Bacău, Suceava, Neamţ, Vaslui and Botoşani.

paragraphs: In total, 3,371,909 people (2011 Census) live in Nord-Est. This makes it the region in the country with the most people. Its population density is 91.25/km².

paragraphs: As of 2002 the region has a big amount of Romanians, of 97.9%, with the second largest group being the Roma, who make up 1.2% of the population. Other groups, including Ukrainians, make up the rest of the population (0.9%).

paragraphs: Romanian is the most-spoken language. It is spoken as a first language by 98.7% of the people who live in the region. Traditional languages include Romany, spoken by 0.6% of the population, and Ukrainian (0.3%).


title: Vest (development region)

paragraphs: Vest (English: "West") or Vest-Banat is a development region in Romania. It was created in 1998. Its main jobs are organising regional development projects and managing money that they are sent by the European Union.


title: Hurricane Hanna

paragraphs: Hurricane Hanna was the deadliest tropical cyclone of the 2008 Atlantic hurricane season. The storm caused 537 deaths across the Caribbean, the Bahamas and United States. The winds peaked around 80 miles per hour as the storm went on. Hanna struck eastern South Carolina as a strong tropical storm and moved up the United States East Coast. Despite being extremely deadly, the name Hanna was not retired.


title: Nord-Vest (development region)

paragraphs: Nord-Vest (English: "North West") is a development region in Romania. It was created in 1998. Its main function is to organise regional development projects and manage money sent from the European Union.

paragraphs: The Nord-Vest region is made up of these counties: 1123

paragraphs: The economy of Nord-Vest is mainly agricultural (46% of its population having agriculture as their main occupation), even though there is some heavy and light industry in the major regional industrial centres of Cluj-Napoca, Oradea, Baia Mare, Bistriţa, Satu Mare and Zalau.

paragraphs: There are also several mining centres in Maramureş county and in the Apuseni Mountains. Many of these mining areas have been partly shut down, resulting in significant local unemployment, even though unemployment in the Nord-Vest region is at approximately 4%, below the Romanian national average of 5.5%. Many mining areas have been classified by the government as defavourised zones, with incentives given to investors who plan to create jobs in these areas and diversify the economy.

paragraphs: The region's GDP per capita is slightly below the Romanian average (approximately 90% of the Romanian average), despite the fact that the major cities – Cluj-Napoca and Oradea – are some of the most prosperous in Romania.

paragraphs: The region is crossed by five European roads – E60, E81, E79, E671 and E58. Additionally, the A3 freeway is currently in construction and will cross Cluj, Sălaj and Bihor counties in the region. Nord-Vest also it has an extensive railway infrastructure connecting most of the important towns.

paragraphs: The region has four airports – Cluj-Napoca, Oradea, Satu Mare and Baia Mare. Currently, Cluj-Napoca, Oradea and Baia Mare airports have international flights, while Satu Mare airport only handles domestic flights.

paragraphs: Romania's Nord-Vest development region has a total population of 2,579,545 (2011 Census). In 2002 The region is one of the most ethnically-diverse in Romania, with 25% of the population coming from a minority group. After Romanians, who make up 75% of the population, the largest minority group are Hungarians, who comprise slightly less than 20% of the population. This is mainly due to area's history as part of Austria-Hungary. Hungarians are mainly concentrated in urban centres, especially those near the Hungarian border, such as Oradea and Satu Mare. The third largest minority are Roma people, who make up 3.5%, slightly above the national average. Roma people are spread relatively evenly throughout the region, even though the highest proportions are in Bihor county, where approximately 5% of the population is Roma.

paragraphs: Romanian is the most widely spoken language, spoken as a main language by 76.6% of the inhabitants of the region. The other important languages is Hungarian, spoken by 19.9% of the population as a main language. Religion is mainly based on ethnic groups, with the largest religion being Romanian Orthodoxy, observed by 68.38% of the population, mostly ethnic Romanians. Other important religions are the Reformed Church (12.70%), Roman Catholicism (6.86%) and Greek Catholicism (4.20%).

paragraphs: 99.9% of the population of Nord-Vest region has Romanian citizenship. There are 2,343 residents, or 0.09% of the population, of foreign citizenship, including:

paragraphs: 2,687 people, or 0.10% of the population, has dual citizenship.


title: Centru (development region)

paragraphs: Centru ("Centre") is a development region in Romania.

paragraphs: 2,306,540 people live in Centru. (2011 Census). Its population density is 67.6/km².

paragraphs: As of 2002, the region had the most different kinds of people living in it in Romania. Ethnic Romanians were 65.4% of the population. Hungarians were 29.9%. Roma were 4%. Most of the Hungarian people live in the counties of Harghita and Covasna. In those two counties they are the majority.


title: Sud-Est (development region)

paragraphs: Sud-Est ("South East") is a development region in Romania.


title: Sud (development region)

paragraphs: Sud ("South") or Sud-Muntenia is a development region in Romania. The capital of the South Development Region is Călăraşi.


title: Bucharest-Ilfov (development region)

paragraphs: The Bucharest-Ilfov development region is a development region in Romania. It includes the national capital, Bucharest, and Ilfov County. As a development region, it does not have any administrative powers. It coordinates regional development projects and manages funds from the European Union. It is also used for regional statistical analysis at the European Union NUTS-II level.


title: Sud-Vest (development region)

paragraphs: Sud-Vest ("South West") or Sud-Vest Oltenia is a development region in Romania. It almost the same area as the historic region of Oltenia. It is called sometimes "Regiunea de dezvoltare Sud-Vest Oltenia".


title: The Doobie Brothers

paragraphs: The Doobie Brothers are an American pop rock group. They began in 1970. They are based in Northern California. They have released many singles.


title: Lady Macbeth

paragraphs: Lady Macbeth is a fictional character in William Shakespeare's play "Macbeth" (c.1603–1607). She is the wife to the play's main character, Macbeth, a Scottish nobleman. After talking him into killing the king, she becomes Queen of Scotland. Later, she feels bad about her part in the crime. She dies off-stage in the last act. This is thought to be suicide.

paragraphs: The idea for the character came from Kings Duff and Duncan in "Holinshed's Chronicles" (1587), a history of Britain familiar to Shakespeare. Shakespeare's Lady Macbeth appears to be made up of two personalities in Holinshed's work. These are Donwald's nagging, murderous wife in the account of King Duff and Macbeth's ambitious wife in the account of King Duncan.


title: Pope Celestine III

paragraphs: Pope Celestine III (; 1106 – 8 January 1198), born Giacinto Bobone, was an Italian cleric of the Roman Catholic Church and the 176th Pope from 1191 until his death in 1198.

paragraphs: He was born into the noble Orsini family in Rome.

paragraphs: In 1145, he is raised to the rank of cardinal.

paragraphs: Cardinal Bobone was elected pope on March 30, 1191; and he chose to be called Celestine III.

paragraphs: Pope Celestine was involved in Italian and European political disputes. He crowned the Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI. He excommunicated Duke Leopold of Austria and King Alonso IX of Leon.

paragraphs: After becoming pope, he was ordained a priest on April 13, 1191.


title: Jacques Lacan

paragraphs: Jacques Lacan (Paris, 13 April 1901 – Paris, 9 September 1981) was a French psychoanalyst and psychiatrist. He added new ideas to psychoanalysis and philosophy. Some of these ideas are the mirror stage, the three orders of subjectivity (the Imaginary, the Symbolic, and the Real), the object little a and jouissance. He talked every year at seminars from 1953 to 1981. In the 1960s and 1970s, he influenced many French intellectuals. He also talked about going back to the ideas of Sigmund Freud. He called himself a Freudian (follower of Freud).


title: Primo Levi

paragraphs: Primo Levi (31 July 1919 – 11 April 1987) was an Italian Jewish chemist and writer. He was the author of two novels and many short stories, poems and essays. His best-known book is "If This Is a Man", a true story about his time as a prisoner in the Auschwitz concentration camp during World War II.

paragraphs: Levi was an atheist and born in Turin. He committed (probably) suicide there by jumping down the stairwell of his house.


title: Panic disorder

paragraphs: Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder involving panic attacks. In addition, big changes in behavior might happen in at least one month, and the person might keep worrying about having other attacks. Panic disorder is a serious condition that can happen at any age. It can be treated with psychotherapy and antidepressants.


title: Generalized anxiety disorder

paragraphs: Generalized anxiety disorder is an anxiety disorder which consists of excessive and irrational worry of everyday things. This worry tends to interfere with normal daily functioning: people who have GAD anticipate disasters and they're always concerned about health matters, money, death, their own futures or family trouble. Physical issues include though are not limited to trembling, numbness, muscle tension, sweating or hot flashes for at least six months. Between six and eight million American adults have GAD.


title: SVG Reichenau

paragraphs: SVG Reichenau is a sportsclub from Reichenau, a suburb of Innsbruck, Tyrol. The football club is playing in the 4th Austrian league, the UPC Tirol Liga. Other departments are Taekwondo and different sparetime sports like cycling and skiing. The club was founded in 1976. The colours are red, white and black.

paragraphs: The football team started in 1976 in the lowest class of Tyrol. After three championsships from 1983 till 1985 they were promoted into the higher classes. 1995 they reached the highest class in Tyrol, the Tiroler Liga. 1998 they were promoted to the Regionalliga West, the third division in Austrian football.

paragraphs: From 2002/03 till the season 2005/06 they played together with SV Aldrans. During this period they had the greatest success in the league. They reached the 3rd place in the 2004/05 season. From 2006/07 till 2009/10 they formed a team together with Union Innsbruck. The first team played in the Regionalliga West, the second team in Tyrols highest class. 2010 the union was dissolved. Today SVG Reichenau is playing in the UPC Tirol Liga, the highest class of Tyrolian football.

paragraphs: From 1976 on the football team played on the ground of SV Hall, in 1979 they got their first own ground, the ground was updated in 2010. From 2006 to 2008 Robert Wazinger, who played five matches for the Austrian football national team, played for Reichenau


title: Italian Social Republic

paragraphs: The Italian Social Republic ( or RSI) was a provisional government sponsored by and allied with Nazi Germany. It was led by Benito Mussolini and his Republican Fascist Party. In name, it controlled northern Italy but, in fact, the land was under German military control. The country had another informal name, Salò Republic (), after where their headquarters was located. Before 25 November 1943, the official name of the country was widely called Republican State of Italy and Republican National State (). It was the second and last Fascist Italian state.


title: Tanggu Truce

paragraphs: The Tanggu , sometimes called the "Tangku Truce" (; ; ; ) was a ceasefire signed between China and Empire of Japan in Tanggu District, Tianjin on May 31, 1933, formally ending the Japanese invasion of Manchuria which had begun two years earlier.

paragraphs: After the Mukden Incident of September 18, 1931, the Japanese Kwantung Army invaded Manchuria, and by February 1932 had captured the entire region. The last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, Puyi, who was living in exile in Tianjin was invited by the Japanese to accept the throne of the new Empire of Manchukuo, which was controlled by the Japanese army. In January 1933, to guard Manchukuo’s southern borders, a joint Japanese and Manchukuo force invaded Rehe, and after conquering that province by March, drove the remaining Chinese armies in the northeast outside the Great Wall into Hebei Province.

paragraphs: The Western powers blamed Japan's actions but did little else. When the League of Nations demanded that Japan stop fighting, the Japan withdrew from the League on March 27, 1933.

paragraphs: As the Japanese army was under clear orders from Emperor Hirohito (who wanted a quick end to the fight with China) not to go into the Great Wall, the Japanese halted their attack in May 1933.

paragraphs: On May 22, 1933, Chinese and Japanese representatives met to talk the end of the fight. The Japanese demands were serious: a demilitarized zone covering one hundred kilometers south of the Great Wall, from Beijing to Tianjin was to be set up, with the Great Wall itself under Japanese control. No regular Kuomintang military units were to be allowed in the zone, although the Japanese were allowed to use scout aircraft or ground patrols to check that the agreement was maintained. Public order within the zone was to be maintained by a police unit Demilitarized Zone Peace Preservation Corps. Furthermore, they forced China to recognise Manchukuo as a legitimate government.

paragraphs: Two secret clauses left out any of the Anti-Japanese Volunteer Armies from this Peace Preservation Corps and provided for any problems that could not be fixed by the Peace Preservation Corps to be arranged by agreement between the Japanese and Chinese governments. Having lost every major battles and much territory, and with the Chinese government under Chiang Kai-shek more concerned with fighting the Chinese Communist Party than the Japanese, the Chinese government agreed to all demands. Furthermore, the new demilitarized zone was mostly within the remaining territory of the Manchurian warlord Zhang Xueliang.

paragraphs: The Tanggu Truce resulted in the "de facto" recognition of Manchukuo by the Kuomingtang government, and acceptance of the loss of Rehe. It brought a short end to the combat between China and Japan and for a brief period, relations between the two countries improved. On May 17, 1935, the Japanese legation in China was improved to the status of , and on June 10, 1935, the He-Umezu Agreement was concluded. The Tanggu Truce gave Chiang kai Shek time to merge his forces and to focus his efforts against the Chinese Communist Party, though at the cost of northern China. However, Chinese public opinion was opposing to truce so favorable to Japan and so shameful to China. Although the Truce set up a demilitarized buffer zone, Japanese territorial desires towards China remained, and the Truce proved to be only a short break until fightings broke out again with the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937.


title: Mukden Incident

paragraphs: The Mukden Incident, also known as the Manchurian Incident, was an event set up by Japanese soldiers as a reason for invading the northern part of China known as Manchuria in 1931.

paragraphs: On September 18, 1931, a little amount of dynamite was blown up by a Japanese soldier near Japan's South Manchuria Railway near Mukden. Although the explosion was so weak that the rail was still usable, the Japanese army, blaming the action on the Chinese people, fully invaded Manchuria, leading to its occupation. Japan set up its puppet state of Manchukuo six months later. Soon the world knew the event, leading Japan to diplomatic isolation and its withdrawal from the League of Nations.


title: Alexei Ponikarovsky

paragraphs: Oleksiy Volodymyrovych "Alexei" Ponikarovsky (born 9 April 1980 in Kiev, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union) is a professional Ukrainian-Canadian ice hockey left winger that currently plays for the New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was drafted by the Toronto Maple Leafs with the 87th overall pick in the 1998 NHL Entry Draft. He also played in the NHL for the Toronto Maple Leafs for 9 seasons, the Pittsburgh Penguins for 1 season, the Los Angeles Kings for 1 season, the Carolina Hurricanes for 1 season, the New Jersey Devils for 1 season and the Winnipeg Jets for 1 season. He was traded back to the Devils on February 13, 2013 in exchange for a 4th round pick and a 7th round pick in the 2014 NHL Entry Draft.

paragraphs: He is nicknamed "The Poni Express", "The Ukraine Train" and "Poni". He currently lives in Toronto with his wife Inna, daughter Jessica, and sons Alex and Maxim. He also became a Canadian citizen on June 7, 2007.


title: Hoobastank

paragraphs: Hoobastank is an American rock band from Agoura Hills, California. Hoobastank has four members; the current band members are Doug Robb, Dan Estrin, Chris Hesse and Jesse Charland.

paragraphs: So far as of 2011, Hoobastank has released 4 studio albums:


title: Sensory receptor

paragraphs: A sensory receptor, or sense organ, is the part which responds to a stimulus in the internal or external environment of an organism. It is the input to the sensory system. In response to stimuli the sensory receptor fires off a nerve fibre which goes to the central nervous system.

paragraphs: In order to detect changes in the environment organisms need receptors. Organisms have various receptors, ranging from simple light or touch sensitive cells to complex nervous systems.

paragraphs: Receptors are generally specialised for the detection of a specific type of stimulus.


title: Parietal lobe

paragraphs: The parietal lobe is a part of the brain positioned above the occipital lobe and behind the frontal lobe.

paragraphs: The parietal lobe brings together information from different senses, particularly spatial sense and navigation. For example, it uses input about touch, balance and the visual system. This enables the parietal cortex to map seen objects in relation to the body (into 'body coordinate positions'). This makes it possible for a person to reach out and handle objects.

paragraphs: The name derives from the overlying parietal bone, which is named from the Latin "pariet-", = 'wall'.


title: Frontal lobe

paragraphs: The frontal lobe is an area in the brain of humans and other mammals, at the front of each cerebral hemisphere. It is in front of the parietal lobe and above and in front of the temporal lobes.

paragraphs: The frontal lobes takes action based on sensory information (sight, sound, touch) from the three rear areas of the cerebrum. The action is moderated by the influence of the pre-frontal cortex. The system is a delicate balance between the need to satisfy urges from the most ancient parts of the brain, such as hunger, self-defence and sex, with the need to act in a way which is socially acceptable.

paragraphs: The precentral gyrus, forming the back of the frontal lobe, contains the primary motor cortex. This controls voluntary movements of specific body parts.

paragraphs: For many years, many scientists thought that the frontal lobe was comparatively larger in humans than in other primates. They thought that this was an important feature of human evolution and was the main reason why human cognition is different from that of the other primates.

paragraphs: However, this view has been challenged by later research. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to find the volume of the frontal cortex in humans, all living ape species and several monkey species. The human frontal cortex is "not" relatively larger than the cortex in the other great apes, but it is relatively larger than the frontal cortex in the lesser apes and the monkeys.


title: Temporal lobe

paragraphs: The temporal lobe is a region of the cerebral cortex that is under the Sylvian fissure on both cerebral hemispheres of the mammalian brain.

paragraphs: The temporal lobe is involved in auditory perception and is home to the primary auditory cortex. It is also important for the processing of semantics (meaning) in both speech and vision. The temporal lobe contains the hippocampus and plays a key role in the formation of long-term memory.

paragraphs: An area in the Sylvian fissure is the first place where auditory signals from the cochlea reach the cerebral cortex. This part of the cortex (primary auditory cortex) is involved in hearing. Other areas of the temporal lobes are involved in high-level auditory processing. In humans this includes speech, for which the left temporal lobe in particular seems to be specialized. Wernicke's area, which spans the region between temporal and parietal lobes, plays a key role (with Broca's area, which is in the frontal lobe). The functions of the left temporal lobe extends to comprehension, naming, verbal memory and other language functions.

paragraphs: The underside of the temporal lobes do high-level visual processing of faces and scenes. Front parts of this area are involved in object perception and recognition.

paragraphs: Deep inside the medial temporal lobes lie the hippocampus, which is essential for memory function – particularly the transfer from short to long term memory and control of spatial memory and behaviour.


title: The Little Drummer Boy

paragraphs: "The Little Drummer Boy" is a very popular Christmas carol. It was recorded in 1955 by the Trapp Family Singers. It was made more popular three years later by the Harry Simeone Chorale. This song has been covered by others, including Johnny Mathis, Johnny Cash, Bing Crosby and Rosemary Clooney throughout the years.


title: Ex nihilo

paragraphs: Creatio ex nihilo is an idea found in certain faiths. It means that a creator god created the world, "from nothing", without any conditions. It is the opposite of creatio ex materia.


title: Cochlea

paragraphs: The cochlea is the auditory portion of the inner ear. It is a spiral-shaped cavity in the bony labyrinth, making 2.5 turns around its axis.

paragraphs: A core component of the cochlea is the Organ of Corti, the sensory organ of hearing, which is distributed along the partition separating fluid chambers in the coiled tapered tube of the cochlea.

paragraphs: The name is from the Greek κοχλίας "kokhlias" ("snail, screw"), from κόχλος "kokhlos" ("spiral shell"). This is in reference to its coiled shape: the cochlea is coiled in most mammals, monotremes being the exceptions.


title: Limit (roller coaster)

paragraphs: Limit is an inverted roller coaster at Heide-Park Soltau, Germany. It is a standard "Suspended Looping Coaster" built by Dutch roller coaster builder Vekoma and opened in 1999. Limit has 5 inversions, has a length of 689 meter, a maximum speed of 80 kilometers per hour. One round takes 1 minute and 36 seconds.

paragraphs: Limit has 2 trains with each 10 cars. 1 car can hold 2 riders, which gives a total of 20 riders per train. The maximum capacity is 1040 riders per hour.


title: Survivor Series (2011)

paragraphs: Survivor Series (2011) is the 12th Pay-Per-View (PPV) of 2011. It is also the 25th edition of Survivor Series. This PPV will take place on November 20, 2011 at the Madison Square Garden in New York City, it is the third time that the Madison Square Garden hosts this Pay-Per-View after the 1996 and 2002 edition of Survivor Series. So far, four matches have been announced by the WWE for the event.

paragraphs: Survivor Series will feature professional wrestling matches involving different wrestlers from pre-existing scripted feuds, plots, and storylines that develop on WWE's television programs. Wrestlers portray villains or heroes as they follow a series of events that build tension and culminate into a wrestling match or series of matches.


title: Super Size Me

paragraphs: Super Size Me is a 2004 American documentary movie directed by and starring Morgan Spurlock. It is about an experiment where Spurlock ate nothing but food from McDonald's for thirty days. He ate at McDonald's three times a day, eating an average of 5,000 kcal per day. This experiment lasted from February 1 to March 2, 2003. This experiment was bad for his own physical and psychological health.

paragraphs: During the experiment, Spurlock gained 24½ lbs., had a 13% body mass increase, his cholesterol level went to 230, and he had mood swings, sexual dysfunction, and had fat accumulation in his liver. After the experiment, he recovered with a vegan diet his then-future wife prepared for him (she is a gourmet vegan cook).

paragraphs: This experiment was conducted because of the obesity epidemic in the United States, and because of a case in which two teenage girls sued McDonald's who claimed they became obese as a result of eating food from McDonald's.

paragraphs: Spurlock also uses this movie to criticize McDonald's and the fast food industry, ranging from the sale of unhealthy food to corporate marketing and to the personal profit of these organizations.


title: Brussels Airport

paragraphs: Brussels Airport (IATA "BRU") is the national airport of Belgium. It is the biggest airport in Belgium. It has more than 17 billion travelers each year. It is 18 km from Brussels, the capital of Belgium.

paragraphs: The airport is used by a lot of airlines such as Brussels Airlines, Thomas Cook Airlines and Jetairfly.

paragraphs: On 22 March 2016, two bombs exploded at the airport.

paragraphs: The airport has two terminals. (A terminal is a building where passengers wait to get on planes.) One terminal is used for flights to the Schengen Area. The second terminal is used for flights to countries out of the Schengen Area.


title: Ray Kroc

paragraphs: Raymond Albert Kroc (October 5, 1902 – January 14, 1984) was an American entrepreneur. He was best known for turning the McDonald's restaurant chain into a franchise company.

paragraphs: Kroc's life while franchising McDonald's was made into a movie called "The Founder" with Michael Keaton playing Kroc.


title: Non-Newtonian fluid

paragraphs: A non-Newtonian fluid is a thixotropic fluid which changes its viscosity when the forces on it change.

paragraphs: Other flow properties may also be affected. Most commonly viscosity of such fluids is not independent of the shear rate or the shear rate history. Examples of such fluids are blood, quicksand and certain components of cement. Many lubricants, ketchup, certain forms of dough and pudding also have this property.

paragraphs: The other kind of fluids that do not show this behavior are called Newtonian fluids.

paragraphs: It is very simple to make a non-Newtonian fluid at home. All one needs is water and cornstarch. Mix these two ingredients together at a rate of one part cornstarch and one and a half parts water, and then one will have their own non-Newtonian fluid.


title: Newtonian fluid

paragraphs: A Newtonian fluid is a fluid, where the ratio between shear stress changes linearly in proportion to the stress it is exposed to. This proportion is known as viscosity. Note that the inverse is not true; there are fluids with constant viscosity, that are Non-Newtonian fluids: one example is the Boger fluid.


title: Airblue

paragraphs: Airblue Limited (styled as airblue) is a private airline. Its head office is in Islamabad, Pakistan. It is Pakistan's second largest airline (after Pakistan International Airlines). It has over 20% of Pakistan's market.

paragraphs: Airblue operates scheduled flights operating 30 daily services, linking four domestic destinations and international services to Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, Muscat and Manchester. It carried 1.4 million passengers on domestic flights in the 2006–2007 season. Its main hub is Jinnah International Airport in Karachi, Pakistan.

paragraphs: The airline started its operations on June 2004. It had 3 leased Airbus A320-200 airplanes serving three daily domestic flights. In 2007, the company started flights to Manchester via a fuel stop at Trabzon in Turkey. This route is the longest route operated by an A320 family airplanes in the world. It is also the longest scheduled route operated by an Airbus narrow-body airplanes.


title: Schengen Area

paragraphs: The Schengen Area is an area that includes 26 European countries. All of those countries have signed the Schengen Agreement in Schengen, Luxembourg in 1985.

paragraphs: The Schengen area removes passport control between its member countries. This means travelers who go from one Schengen country to another do not clear immigration checks anymore. Passengers go through immigration checks if they enter or exit the Schengen Area.

paragraphs: The current members of the Schengen Area are Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland. Because Switzerland is not part of the European Economic Area, customs control in Switzerland still exists.

paragraphs: At this moment, 400 million people live in the area. It is 4,312,099 square kilometres big.

paragraphs: On 14 June 1985 the Schengen Agreement was signed. This happened on the boat "Princess Marie-Astrid" in the middle of the river Moselle. On that place, the borders of France, Germany and Luxembourg meet. Five countries signed the Agreement: Belgium, France, Luxembourg, Netherlands and West Germany. It was signed, but that didn't mean it was already implemented.

paragraphs: In 26 March 1995, all European Union members (except the United Kingdom and Ireland) signed the Agreement. Norway and Iceland also signed the Agreement.

paragraphs: On 1 May 2004, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia joined the EU. They signed the Schengen agreement on that same day. They implemented the Schengen Agreement on 21 December 2007.

paragraphs: Switzerland joined the Schengen Area on 12 December 2008. Liechtenstein joined it on 19 December 2011.

paragraphs: Twenty-six countries belong to the Schengen Area. All these countries are members of the European Union, except Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland.

paragraphs: Some nationalities need visas to visit the Schengen Area. They only need one Schengen visa for all countries. But they must apply at the embassy of their main destination. The main destination is where a traveller wants to spend the longest time. The visa officer can issue a visa for only one trip or many trips. The officer also decides how long the visa is valid for. The traveller needs to exit before the Schengen visa expires.

paragraphs: Travellers who do not need a Schengen visa can stay for up to 90 days in a 180-day period.


title: Superstition

paragraphs: A superstition is a belief that has no logical explanation or scientific evidence. There are many superstitions believed in around the world. Many people believe superstitions to be complete nonsense while others live their lives according to superstitions such as avoiding black cats, looking for four leaf clovers and avoiding mirrors.


title: MC Ren

paragraphs: Lorenzo Jerald Patterson (born June 16, 1969) is an American rapper. He is best known by his stage name MC Ren. MC Ren was a member of the gangsta rap group N.W.A.

paragraphs: Like all N.W.A members (except Ice Cube) he was born and raised in Compton, California.

paragraphs: He joined N.W.A after completing his senior year of high school. He was with N.W.A on all their studio and EP releases. Problems over money caused N.W.A to end. MC Ren and all the other members of N.W.A went solo.

paragraphs: Using Eazy E's record label, Ruthless Records, Ren released his first album "Shock of Tha Hour" in 1993.


title: Captain & Tennille

paragraphs: Captain and Tennille were an United States pop music group. The group was a husband and wife duo. The members were Daryl "Captain" Dragon and Toni Tennille. They are based out of California. The duo is best known for the song "Love will Keep Us Together". They have many other notable hit records.


title: Hurricane Ernesto

paragraphs: Hurricane Ernesto was a very damaging hurricane during the 2006 Atlantic hurricane season. The storm moved across Haiti and Dominican Republic as a minor hurricane. Then, the storm moved over Florida while a tropical storm. It later struck North Carolina, when the storm was almost a hurricane. It killed eleven people. The total damage from Ernesto was $500 million (2006 USD).


title: Undergraduate education

paragraphs: Undergraduate education is a level of education wherein a student completes their first degree. The first degree of an undergraduate degree is normally named a bachelor's degree. Therefore, for many subjects in many systems of education, undergraduate education is between secondary education and a bachelor's degree. This education usually takes place in a university. In the United States, a person starting at a university is known as undergraduate while students who have higher degrees are known as graduate students. In some other educational systems and subjects, undergraduate education is between secondary education and a master's degree, for example in some science and engineering courses in Britain and some medicine courses in Europe.

paragraphs: In Brazil, it normally takes four or five years to complete an "undergraduate" degree. Students need to choose their main subjects before they join the university by taking a test named a "vestibular".

paragraphs: Undergraduate degrees are not like in the United States where students have general studies during the first years and only specialize in a "major" during the last years of college. European students enroll in a specific course of studies they want to do from the start. They are expected to have received a good general education already in the secondary level in a school (like a gymnasium or lycée). In many countries they go to university at 18 or 17. The degree normally takes four or five years. After completing the first degree students can move on to doctoral studies. In many countries, the English distinction between a bachelor's and master's degree is only now being introduced by the Bologna process. This means that the old first degree would be approximately equal to a master's degree in the US or the UK.

paragraphs: In the United Kingdom, undergraduate normally means students studying to get a Bachelor's degree. It is also called an award. Getting a bachelor's degree normally takes three years in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. In Scotland, it takes four years to obtain what is known as an "ordinary" degree, and five years to obtain a Scottish master's degree. Some undergraduates in England do a master's degree as their first degree in a similar manner to Scotland. The first three years are spent attaining a bachelor's degree and the last year includes research and more difficult subjects. In England, this is more common for degrees in science and engineering.

paragraphs: The only universities where it is possible to receive a master's degree without even attending the university beyond the award of the bachelor's degree are Oxford and Cambridge. Master's are generally awarded to Oxford and Cambridge graduates a year after they have graduated with bachelor's degrees.

paragraphs: In Ireland, undergraduate study is like in the United Kingdom. It is like this because undergraduate education was first taught the same in both countries. In Ireland, the undergraduate degree is closest to the Scottish type in the United Kingdom. They are four year undergraduate programmes.

paragraphs: In India, it takes 3 years to complete the undergraduate course (other than engineering, law and medicine). There are two types of undergraduate courses. Arts and Science is the first one which takes 3 years to complete the courses. Another one is Engineering, this will take 4 years to complete the courses (B.E/B.TECH).

paragraphs: In the United States most undergraduate education is done at colleges or universities. Undergraduate education gives a bachelor's degree. This usually takes four years of study, although some courses take five years.

paragraphs: In the United States students in different years are often given different names:

paragraphs: Some students choose to attend a community college or junior college for two years beforehand to further study at another college or university.

paragraphs: Most universities also offer graduate study. Some institutions (e.g. liberal-arts colleges) only give undergraduate education or only give a small number another level of education. Getting an undergraduate degrees normally needs many courses to be completed. The courses have different subjects and different levels of difficulty. The academic discipline of the most number of subjects taken is called a "major" or concentration.

paragraphs: Unlike in the British model, degrees in law and medicine are not offered at the undergraduate level and are completed as graduate study after earning a bachelor's degree. Neither field specifies or prefers any undergraduate major, though medicine has set prerequisite courses that must be taken before enrollment. However, nursing is taught as an undergraduate program.


title: Burl Ives

paragraphs: Burl Icle Ivanhoe Ives (June 14, 1909 - April 14, 1995) was an American actor and folk singer. He was born in Hunt City, Illinois. He acted on stage and in many movies. He was a folk music singer. He died from mouth cancer in Anacortes, Washington.


title: UPC Tirol Liga

paragraphs: The UPC Tirol Liga (also called Tiroler Landesliga or Tiroler Liga) is the highest class in Tyrolian football; it is the 4th division in Austrian man football league system. The champion is qualified for the Regionalliga West, the last to teams are relegated in the Landesliga West or Ost. The league is named after the main sponsor, an Austrian telecommunication provider.


title: Thixotropy

paragraphs: Thixotropy is the property of certain gels or fluids that are viscous (thick) under normal conditions, but flow (become thin, less viscous) when shaken, agitated, or otherwise stressed.

paragraphs: some Non-Newtonian fluids show a change in viscosity; the longer the fluid undergoes shear stress, the lower its viscosity. A thixotropic fluid is a fluid which takes a finite time to attain equilibrium viscosity when introduced to a step change in shear rate. Many gels and colloids are thixotropic materials, exhibiting a stable form at rest but becoming fluid when agitated.

paragraphs: Some fluids are anti-thixotropic: constant shear stress for a time causes an increase in viscosity or even solidification. Constant shear stress can be applied by shaking or mixing. They are much less common.

paragraphs: It is a common experience walking on sand that in places it liquifies as one walks on it. This is a thixotropic response to pressure. In extremes, a quicksand may be danger to man and animals.

paragraphs: Some clays are thixotropic, and their behaviour is of great importance in structural and geotechnical engineering. Landslides, such as those common in the cliffs around Lyme Regis, Dorset and in the Aberfan disaster in Wales are evidence of this. Similarly, a lahar is a mass of earth liquefied by a volcanic event, which rapidly solidifies once coming to rest.

paragraphs: Drilling muds used in geotechnical applications can be thixotropic. Honey from honey bees may also exhibit this property under certain conditions.(Heather honey).

paragraphs: Another example of a thixotropic fluid is the synovial fluid found in joints between some bones.

paragraphs: Some clay deposits found in the process of exploring caves exhibit thixotropism: an initially solid-seeming mudbank will turn soupy and yield up moisture when dug into or otherwise disturbed. These clays were deposited in the past by low-velocity streams which tend to deposit fine-grained sediment.

paragraphs: These properties are often used in commercial products which are applied to surfaces, such as paint or toothpaste. With paint, the fluidity vanishes quickly and the surface sets permanently as water (or oil) evaporates.


title: Super Mario 3D Land

paragraphs: Super Mario 3D Land is a 2011 game made by Nintendo for the Nintendo 3DS. It was released on November 13, 2011 in America, November 3, 2011 in Japan, and November 18 in Europe.

paragraphs: In it, you can become Tanooki Mario, Boomerang Mario and you can also get the old power-ups (Super Mushroom, Fire Flower, Super Star). A sequel, titled "Super Mario 3D World", was released for the Wii U in 2013.

paragraphs: The game got praise from many critics. It was rated 9.5 out of 10 by IGN, and 94% by Official Nintendo Magazine, but GameSpot gave the game a lower score of 8/10. Overall, the game received a 90/100 on Metacritic.


title: Coke (fuel)

paragraphs: Coke is a fuel used mainly in blast furnaces to reduce iron oxide to produce iron. It contains carbon, and is similar to coal. It is made from coal by cooking out things that are not carbon. Coke is a product of destructive distillation of coal. This is done in an airless furnace or oven (kiln) at temperatures as high as but usually around . This baking drives off volatile parts of the coal, such as water, gas, and tar.

paragraphs: Coke is an almost pure form of carbon. The calorific value (heat energy produced when a fuel is burnt) of coke is about 56,000 kilojoules/kilogram.

paragraphs: Coke is used as a fuel and as a reducing agent in smelting iron ore in a blast furnace. The carbon monoxide produced by its combustion reduces iron oxide (hematite) to the iron product.

paragraphs: Although coke is more expensive than coal, it can be used in households as a clean fuel, relatively free of smoke and impurities. At the present day its use in domestic heating has been less than oil or gas, but in the 20th century it was often used in kitchen stoves.


title: Pope Urban V

paragraphs: Pope Urban V (; 1310 – December 19, 1370), born Guillaume Grimoard, was a French cleric of the Roman Catholic Church and the 201st Pope from 1362 until his death in 1370.

paragraphs: He was the sixth of the seven popes who lived in Avignon in France.

paragraphs: Grimoard was born in Grizac in the Languedoc region of France.

paragraphs: He became a Benedictine monk; and he was ordained at Chirac.

paragraphs: Grimoard became the abbot of Saint-Victor in Marseille.

paragraphs: He was not a cardinal. There were several Popes who were not Cardinals. Some of these were Pope Urban IV and Pope Urban VI.

paragraphs: Grimoard was elected pope on September 28, 1362; and he chose to be called Pope Urban.

paragraphs: Pope Urban was involved in Italian and European political disputes.

paragraphs: In 1367, the pope traveled from Avignon to Rome. He returned to Avignon in where he died in 1370.

paragraphs: In 1870, Urban V was beatified by Pope Pius IX.


title: Squad automatic weapon

paragraphs: A squad automatic weapon (SAW, also known as section automatic weapon or light support weapon) is a weapon used to give infantry squads or sections automatic firepower that can easily be moved around. Weapons used for this are selective fire rifles. They usually have a bipod and a heavier barrel so that they can be used as light machine guns. SAWs usually fire the same cartridge as the assault rifles or battle rifles used by other people in the squad/section. This makes logistics easier because only one type of ammunition needs to be given to a unit. SAWs are light enough to be used by one man. However, heavy machine guns such as the Browning M2 are more powerful but need a crew to be as effective as they can be.

paragraphs: Many SAWs (such as the RPK and L86) are just assault rifles or battle rifles that have been changed. They may be able to carry more ammunition and will almost always have a bipod. In the case of some assault rifles, such as the H&K G36 or Steyr AUG, the SAW is simply the usual rifle with a few parts changed. However, the Austrian Army, who uses the most Steyr AUGs, doesn't use the HBAR (heavy barrel) version of the assault rifle. Instead, they use the MG 74, which is a gun which was made from the design of the German WW2-machine gun MG 42. One of the first weapons designed for this role was the M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle. Even though it could not carry many bullets in its magazine, it was still better than the usual infantry rifle.


title: Sign (mathematics)

paragraphs: In mathematics, the word sign refers to the property of being positive or negative. Every real number that is non-zero is either positive or negative, and therefore has a sign. Zero itself is without a sign, or signless. In addition to putting signs into real numbers, the word sign is used throughout mathematics to indicate parts of mathematical objects that mean positivity and negativity. Usually, if numbers are seen without a sign, they are seen as a positive number. Otherwise, a minus sign "formula_1" is appended before the number to indicate that the number is a negative of another number.

paragraphs: The word sign is also sometimes used to refer to various mathematical signs, such as the plus and minus signs and the multiplication sign.

paragraphs: A real number is said to be positive if it is greater than zero, and negative if it is less than zero. The attribute of being positive or negative is called the sign of the number. Zero itself is not considered to have a sign.

paragraphs: In arithmetic, the sign of a number is often denoted by placing a plus or minus sign before the number. For example, +3 would denote a positive 3, and −3 would denote a negative 3. When no plus or minus sign is given, the main way of seeing it is that a number is positive.

paragraphs: The sign of any number that is not zero can be changed to positive using the absolute value function. For example, the absolute value of −3 and the absolute value of 3 are both equal to 3. In symbols, this would be written as |−3| = 3 and |3| = 3.

paragraphs: The number zero is neither positive nor negative, and therefore has no sign. In arithmetic, +0 and −0 both mean the same number 0.

paragraphs: Because zero is neither positive nor negative, the following are sometimes used to refer to the sign of an unknown number:

paragraphs: Thus a non-negative number is either positive or zero, while a non-positive number is either negative or zero. For example, the absolute value of a real number is always non-negative, but is not necessarily positive.

paragraphs: The same definition is sometimes used for functions that take real or integer values. For example, a function would be called positive if all of its values are positive, or non-negative if all of its values are non-negative.

paragraphs: In many texts, it is common to see a sign together with the measure of an angle, particularly a located angle or an angle of rotation. In such a situation, the sign says whether the angle is in the clockwise or counterclockwise direction. Though different conventions can be used, it is common in mathematics to have counterclockwise angles count as positive, and clockwise angles count as negative.

paragraphs: It is also possible to put a sign to an angle of rotation in three dimensions, assuming the axis of rotation has been oriented. Specifically, a right-handed turn around an axis usually counts as positive, while a left-handed rotation counts as negative.

paragraphs: In arithmetic and physics, it is common to label certain directions as positive or negative. For a basic example, the number line is usually drawn with positive numbers to the right, and negative numbers to the left:

paragraphs: On the Cartesian plane, the rightward and upward directions are usually thought of as positive, with rightward being the positive "x"-direction, and upward being the positive "y"-direction.

paragraphs: In addition to the sign of a real number, the word sign is also used in various related ways throughout mathematics and other sciences:


title: Coordinate system

paragraphs: A coordinate system is a system of numbers used to uniquely determine the position of a point. For two-dimensional systems, the numbers (scalars) are in ordered pairs. More dimensions call for more numbers.


title: Bonnie Bedelia

paragraphs: Bonnie Bedelia Culkin, better known as Bonnie Bedelia (born 25 March 1948 in New York City), is an American actress. She is best known for starring as Holly Gennero in the first two "Die Hard" movies. She has acted in other movies as well. She is the aunt of "Home Alone" actor Macaulay Culkin.


title: Impetigo

paragraphs: Impetigo is a very contagious bacterial skin infection. It is most common in pre-school children. People who play close-contact sports like rugby and American football are also at risk. Impetigo is not very common in adults. Impetigo can also be called "school sores".


title: Protopunk

paragraphs: Protopunk is a term used to describe the precursors of punk rock. Many of the artists whose sound helped pave the way for punk came from the 1960s and early 1970s. Some have been cited by early punk musicians as influential. These artists came from many different musical backgrounds.

paragraphs: Below is a list of notable bands who influenced early punk rock.


title: Jennifer Jason Leigh

paragraphs: Jennifer Jason Leigh (born February 5, 1962) is an American movie and stage actress. She is best known for her roles in "Fast Times at Ridgemont High", "Single White Female", "Last Exit to Brooklyn", "Georgia", "Kill Your Darlings", "Short Cuts" and "The Hateful Eight". She has had many roles in which she portrays vulnerable, abused and damaged women in her movies.

paragraphs: For the movie "Mrs. Parker and the Vicious Circle", Leigh got a Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress and a National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress.

paragraphs: Leigh was born in Hollywood, California.


title: Locative case

paragraphs: The locative (abbreviated ) is a grammatical case. It indicates the location (place, place where) of something. It corresponds roughly to the English prepositions ""in", "on", "at" and "by". The locative case belongs to the general local cases together with the lative and separative case.


title: Exxon Valdez oil spill

paragraphs: The "Exxon Valdez" oil spill was a shipping accident that happened off the coast of the United States on March 24, 1989. An oil tanker, the "Exxon Valdez", hit a reef in Prince William Sound, Alaska. At the time of the disaster, the ship carried 53,094,510 U.S. gallons (44,210,430 imp gal/200,984,600 L) of crude oil. The accident caused a massive oil spill: 10.8 million U.S. gallons (9.0 million imp gal/41 million L) were spilled into the Prince William Sound. It was one of the worst man-made environmental disasters in the history of the United States.

paragraphs: The ship had left the shipping lanes because of icebergs. The ship never returned to the shipping lane and hit Bligh Reef at around 12:04 AM. Later, people looked at the causes, and found that the people on board were badly trained and overworked. What made things worse was the fact that the government was not prepared to handle a disaster with such large consequences for the environment. This disaster badly damaged the ecosystems of the area. An estimated 21,300 fish died after being poisoned by the crude oil. The birds that ate the fish got sick.

paragraphs: Some of the methods tried to clean up the oil were: burning, mechanical cleaning, and chemical dispersants.


title: Pope Urban VI

paragraphs: Pope Urban VI (; c. 1318 – October 15, 1389), born Bartolomeo Prignano, was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 203rd Pope from 1378 to 1389.

paragraphs: In 1364, Prignano was made the Archbishop of Acerenza by Pope Urban V.

paragraphs: Pope Gregory XI made Prignano Archbishop of Bari in 1377.

paragraphs: He was not a cardinal. There were several Popes who were not Cardinals. One of these was Pope Urban V.

paragraphs: Prignano was elected pope on April 8, 1378; and he chose to be called Pope Urban VI.

paragraphs: A period called the "Western Schism" began on 20 September 20, 1378 when Robert of Geneva (also known as Clement VII) was chosen pope by 13 French cardinals. Clement VII is now considered to have been an antipope.

paragraphs: A large part of Germany, Flanders, Italy (with exception of Naples), England and Ireland recognized Urban VI as the pope; but many in Western Europe supported the papacy of Clement VII.


title: Webster (TV series)

paragraphs: Webster was an American television sitcom which began in September 1983 and aired until March 1989 (the show aired to 1987 on ABC, and in syndication for the rest of its run). It was about an orphaned African American boy by the name of Webster who had lost his parents and was then adopted by a white family. The show "Webster" was set in Chicago.


title: Rocca Petru

paragraphs: Rocca Petru (1887–1966) was a poet and writer from Corsica, who wanted his island free from France. At first, he supported the Corsica becoming a part of Italy, but then promoted the autonomy of Corsica after World War II.

paragraphs: Rocca, called Petru in Corsican, was a gifted writer since young age. He contributed in Corsica to the magazine "A Tramuntana". During World War I, he wrote about the war and was decorated with the French Legion of Honor.

paragraphs: From May 1920, Rocca worked with the literary magazine "A Muvra". During the first half of the 20th century, this was the most important Corsican publication in Italian. In 1922 he created the "Partitu Corsu d'Azione", following the model of the Italian Partito Sardo d'Azione of Sardinia that had autonomism ideals.

paragraphs: After that, in the late 1920s, he created the "Partito autonomista di Corsica" with the support of Domenico Parlotti and Dr. Croce, director of the Archivi di Stato della Corsica.

paragraphs: During the late 1930s Rocca, slowly changed his political opinions from wanting autonomy for Corsica to supporting the union of Corsica with Italy. He supported the ideals of Petru Giovacchini, an irredentist leader who created the main pro-Italian political organization in Corsica: the "Gruppi d’Azione Irredentista Corsa".

paragraphs: In 1938, the French government punished him for his approach to the Italian Risorgimento ideals. They took away his French Legion of Honor medal. "A Muvra" started in 1939 to write articles against the Jews (responsible in Rocca's opinion for the French "occupation" of Corsica) and was quickly closed.

paragraphs: During World War II, Rocca supported Benito Mussolini's ideals about the union of Corsica to the Kingdom of Italy. When Italian troops occupied the island in 1942, Rocca was proposed to be "Governor" of a Corsica united to Italy. After the Italian defeat in September 1943, he was harassed by the French authorities.

paragraphs: As a consequence of this in 1946 he was sentenced to 15 years of jail and sent to French Guiana. When released, he quickly recreated his original "Partito autonomista di Corsica".

paragraphs: In 1953, Rocca created an academy for the defense of the Corsican language. He demanded from France the recognition of the Corsican people and language and the creation of the University of Corte. Rocca was, until his death in 1966, a strong supporter of Corsican nationalism.


title: Pope Urban VII

paragraphs: Pope Urban VII (; 4 August 1521 – 27 September 1590), born Giovanni Battista Castagna, was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 229th Pope. He ruled for thirteen days in September 1590, and died before his consecration, from malaria. This makes him the shortest reigning Pope in the history of the Catholic Church.

paragraphs: Castagna was of Genoese origin, although born in Rome.

paragraphs: Castagna was ordained priest 30 March 30, 1553.

paragraphs: Pope Julius III appointed him Archbishop of Rossano on March 1, 1553.

paragraphs: In 1584, Pope Gregory XIII made Castagna Cardinal of S. Marcello.

paragraphs: Cardinal Castagna was elected pope on 15 September 1590. He chose the name Urban, which in Latin signifies "kind".

paragraphs: Pope Urban died from Malaria on September 27, 1590.


title: Eden Sher

paragraphs: Eden Sher is an actress who is on the television show, "The Middle". She began acting at the age of eight. She was born on December 26, 1991 in Los Angeles, California.


title: Hal Bruno

paragraphs: Harold Robinson Bruno, Jr. (1928-2011) was an American political commentator and journalist.

paragraphs: He graduated from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1950. He worked on its college newspaper with Robert Novak and Gene Shalit. He served as an intelligence officer in the United States Army during the Korean War. Bruno received a Fulbright fellowship to study in India.

paragraphs: In 1959, Bruno covered the Cuban revolution from Havana. He joined Newsweek magazine in 1960. He joined ABC News in 1978. In 1992, Bruno was political director of ABC News when he moderated a televised debate between the three candidates for Vice President: Al Gore, Dan Quayle, and James Stockdale.

paragraphs: After retiring from ABC News in 1999, Bruno became chairman of the National Fallen Firefighters Foundation until 2008. He died of atrial arrhythmia.


title: Atticus Shaffer

paragraphs: Atticus Shaffer (born June 19, 1998) is an American actor. He is best known for playing Matty Newton in the 2009 supernatural horror-thriller movie "The Unborn" and Brick Heck on the television series, "The Middle". He was born in Santa Clarita, California.


Deep space


title: Gunning Bedford, Jr.

paragraphs: Gunning Bedford, Jr. (1747 – March 30, 1812) was an American lawyer and politician. He was from Wilmington, in New Castle County, Delaware. He was in the Continental Congress from 1783 to 1785. He helped the rights of small states. Bedford was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.


title: FC Lustenau 07

paragraphs: FC Lustenau 07 is an football club from Lustenau, Vorarlberg in Austria. They play in the Austrian Football First League. The club is the oldest football club in Vorarlberg.

paragraphs: The roots of the club laid in the Turnverein Lustenau. Many of the young members of the club played football. After discussions the football section left the club and formed on 20 September 1907 at the Gasthof zur Sonne the FC Lustenau. Many of the clubs in Vorarlberg were founded with the help of players of FC Lustenau(for example FC Dornbirn 1913 and the second club from Lustenau SC Austria Lustenau ).

paragraphs: During the First World War there was no football in Vorarlberg. But after the war many new clubs were found. So the FC Lustenau was interested in forming a football association, which was formed in 1920.

paragraphs: The most important player of FC Lustenau before the Second World War was Ernst Künz.He played in the 1936 Olympic football team of Austria. The team won the silver medal.

paragraphs: During the Second World war there was again no football in Vorarlberg. But 1945 the team started again under the name FC Rapid Lustenau. In 1947 they got their old name FC Lustenau 07 back. In 2000 the club was promoted to the Austrian First League. 2004 they were relegated. In the 2005/06 season they won the Regionalliga West with 27 wins, 3 draws and 0 lost (104:22 goals). They were again promoted and play at the moment again in the first league which is the second division in Austrian football.


title: A. J. Foyt

paragraphs: Anthony Joseph Foyt, Jr. (born January 16, 1935) is an American racecar driver. He was a four-time Indianapolis 500 winner. He also won at the Daytona 500.

paragraphs: Foyt was born in Houston, Texas. He attended Pershing and Hamilton middle schools and Lamar, San Jacinto and St. Thomas Catholic high schools, but he dropped out to become a mechanic.


title: Estée Lauder

paragraphs: Estée Lauder, (July 1, 1908 - April 24, 2004), was an American businesswoman. She was the co-founder of the cosmetics company named after her, Estée Lauder. In 1998, she was be the only woman on TIME magazine's list of the 20 most influential business geniuses of the 20th century. Lauder died on April 24, 2004 at age 95.


title: Evans Blue

paragraphs: Evans Blue is a Canadian alternative rock band from Toronto, Ontario. Evans Blue has five members in the band; the current band members are Dan Chandler, Parker Lauzon, Vlad Tanaskovic, Joe Pitter and Mike McClure.

paragraphs: So far as of 2011, Evans Blue has released 3 Studio albums:


title: In the Realm of the Senses

paragraphs: In the Realm of the Senses is a romantic movie which was released during 1976 in certain countries, 1977 in others. The movie is a fictional tale of sexually explicit adult behavior in 1930s Japan. This motion picture caused extremely huge controversy when it was released. Certain countries wouldn't even show the movie. Moreover, it was not available for home video until around 1990. It was originally rated X, though the rating was later converted into NC-17 in 1991.


title: Colloid

paragraphs: A colloid may be a mixture of one substance that may spread out evenly inside another substance. They may be in two different phases or states of matter.

paragraphs: One substance can be the dispersion medium, such as water or gas. The other is kind of dispersed medium, sometimes called the 'internal phase'. This is never tiny solid particles. Otherwise, if the dispersion medium is a gas, then the internal phase may be either tiny particles or tiny droplets of a liquid.

paragraphs: Definition: A colloid is a substance microscopically dispersed evenly throughout another substance. The dispersed-phase particles have a diameter between about 5 and 200 nanometers.


title: Five Finger Death Punch

paragraphs: Five Finger Death Punch is an American heavy metal band from Los Angeles, California. Five Finger Death Punch has five members in the band; the current band members are Zoltan Bathory, Jason Hook, Chris Kael, Ivan Moody and Jeremy Spencer.

paragraphs: So far as of 2011, Five Finger Death Punch has released 4 Studio albums:


title: Sol (colloid)

paragraphs: A sol is a colloidal suspension of very small solid particles in a continuous liquid medium. They can be quite stable; examples include blood, pigmented ink, and paint.

paragraphs: Sols can change into viscosity quickly if they are thixotropic. Examples include quicksands and paint, both of which become more fluid under pressure.


title: One Direction

paragraphs: One Direction (1D) are a boy band from England and Ireland. It began with Niall Horan, Zayn Malik, Liam Payne, Harry Styles and Louis Tomlinson. They finished third on the seventh series of "The X Factor". They each auditioned for "The X Factor" separately. Simon Cowell put them together in 2010 because he thought they were too good to lose.

paragraphs: "What Makes You Beautiful" was One Direction's first single. After being signed to Syco Music, the group recorded their first album "Up All Night". Hits on the album include "One Thing" and "Gotta Be You." It was third in the charts. They have been very successful since. They tour to places around the world such as Europe, Australia, Asia, and the Americas.

paragraphs: The group released a second album in November 2012, called "Take Me Home". It includes the singles "Little Things", "Live While We're Young" and "Kiss You". The group released their third album, "Midnight Memories", in late November 2013. It includes the singles "Story of My Life", "Best Song Ever", "Midnight Memories", and "You & I" Their fourth album, "Four", was released in November 2014. This album includes the singles "Steal My Girl" and "Night Changes". Their fifth album, "Made in the A.M.", was released in November 2015. It includes the singles "Drag Me Down", "Perfect" and "History".

paragraphs: On 29 August 2013, their movie "This Is Us" was released.

paragraphs: In April 2014, One Direction started their stadium world tour titled "Where We Are." 5 Seconds of Summer opened for them during the tour.

paragraphs: On 25 March 2015, Zayn Malik left the band.

paragraphs: In January 2016, the band said they would be taking a temporary break. It was expected to last around 18 months, but due to the members pursuing solo careers, they will be reuniting later than promised.

paragraphs: One Direction have won two BRIT Awards and four MTV Video Music Awards.

paragraphs: Zayn Malik left the band on 25 March 2015. The group decided not to replace him, but continue as a four piece band.


title: Lyme Regis

paragraphs: Lyme Regis is a coastal town in West Dorset, England, 25 miles west of Dorchester and east of Exeter. The town lies in Lyme Bay, on the English Channel coast at the Dorset-Devon border. It is nicknamed 'The Pearl of Dorset'.

paragraphs: The town is noted for the fossils found in the cliffs and beaches, which are part of the Jurassic Coast–a World Heritage Site. The harbour wall, "The Cobb", features in Jane Austen's novel "Persuasion", and in the movie and novel, "The French Lieutenant's Woman", by local writer John Fowles.

paragraphs: When people were counted in the town's most recent census in 2001, the population was 4,406. 45% of the town's population were retired people.

paragraphs: The town is noted for the fossils found in the cliffs and beaches, which are part of the Jurassic Coast–a World Heritage Site. The Jurassic Coast stretches over a distance of .

paragraphs: The coastal exposures along the coastline provide a continuous sequence of Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous rock formations spanning approximately 185 million years of the Earth's history. The localities along the Jurassic Coast include some important fossil zones.

paragraphs: The Blue Lias rock is host to a multitude of remains from the early Jurassic, a time from which good fossil records are rare. Many of the remains are well preserved, with complete specimens of several important species. Many of the earliest discoveries of dinosaur and other prehistoric reptile remains were made in the area surrounding Lyme Regis, notably those discovered by Mary Anning (1799–1847). Significant finds include "Ichthyosaur", "Plesiosaur", "Dimorphodon", "Scelidosaurus", one of the first armoured (Thyreophora) dinosaurs. The town now holds an annual Mary Anning Day and Lyme Regis Fossil Festival. A fossil of the world's largest moth was discovered in 1966 at Lyme Regis.

paragraphs: The coastal region near Lyme Regis is subject to large landslips. This means that Jurassic age fossils are regularly exposed and can be found on the beaches, but also causes devastation to the town.

paragraphs: One of the most spectacular landslips occurred on 24 December 1839, west along the coast in Devon belonging to Bindon Manor and known as "The Dowlands Landslip". About of fields growing wheat and turnips were dislodged when a great chasm was formed more than across, deep and long. The crops remained intact on the top of what became known as "Goat Island" among the newly formed gullies. On 3 February 1840, five weeks later, there was a second landslip nearby but much smaller than the former. This strange phenomenon attracted many visitors, and the canny farmers charged sixpence for entrance and held a grand reaping party when the wheat ripened. The area is now known as The Undercliff and is of great interest because of its diverse natural history.

paragraphs: In 2005, work began on a £16 million engineering project to stabilise the cliffs and protect the town from coastal erosion. The town's main beach was reconstructed and re-opened on 1 July 2006.

paragraphs: On the evening of 6 May 2008, a section of land slipped onto the beach between Lyme Regis and Charmouth. Local Police described the landslip as the "worst for 100 years".


title: Non-renewable resource

paragraphs: A non-renewable resource is a natural resource that is used up faster than it can be made by nature. It cannot be produced, grown or generated on a scale which can sustain how quickly it is being consumed. Once it is used up, there is no more available for the future. Fossil fuels (such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas), types of nuclear power (uranium) and certain examples. Resources such as timber (when harvested sustainably) or metals (which can be recycled) are considered renewable resources. Non-renewable resources are also called exhaustible resources.


title: Personal name

paragraphs: A personal name is the label which identifies an individual person. It is a proper name; and it is usually made up of a given name plus a surname.

paragraphs: The Convention on the Rights of the Child specifies that a child has the right from birth to a name.


title: Regnal name

paragraphs: A regnal name, or reign name, is a formal name or label which refers to the years of the reign of a monarch or a pope.

paragraphs: A monarch sometimes chooses a reign name which is different from his or her personal name.

paragraphs: A pope chooses a regnal name when he is elected. It becomes his new personal name.

paragraphs: The new name -- or sometimes the old one -- is followed by an ordinal number to create a unique name for the period in which the monarch is on the throne.


title: Wolfsberger AC

paragraphs: Wolfsberger AC is a football club from the city of Wolfsberg, Carinthia, Austria. The club competed in twenty seasons on the second level of the Austrian football leagues. Between the 2007–08 and 2011–12 seasons, Wolfsberger AC united with SK St. Andrä to compete under the name WAC/St. Andrä. Both clubs stayed independent, but had a central administration and marketing. In 2010 they reached the Austrian football first league. In their first season they reached the 4th place. After half of the 2011/12 season the club is on top of the table.

paragraphs: The second squad of WAC/St.Andrä is playing in the Kärntner Landesliga (4th division).

paragraphs: The page uses information from de and en.wikipedia.org


title: Kimmeridge clay

paragraphs: The Kimmeridge clay formation is a sedimentary deposit of fossiliferous marine clay and mudstones. It is of Upper Jurassic age, and occurs in Europe. It gives its name to a stage in the Upper Jurassic called the Kimmeridgian, lasting from 157.3–152.1 million years ago.

paragraphs: Kimmeridge clay is perhaps the most economically important unit of rocks in the whole of Europe, because it is the major source for oil fields in the North Sea.

paragraphs: The clay is named after the village of Kimmeridge on the Dorset coast of England, where it is well exposed and forms part of the Jurassic Coast World Heritage Site. It exists across England, in a band stretching from Dorset in the south-west, north-east to East Anglia and Hull. The River Humber Bridge's foundations are in the Kimmeridge Clay deposits under the Humber estuary.

paragraphs: The fossil fauna of the Kimmeridge Clay includes a reptile fauna of turtles, crocodiles, dinosaurs, plesiosaurs, pliosaurs and ichthyosaurs, as well as many invertebrate species such as "Gryphaea".

paragraphs: an environment which is not present on the Earth today. Much of Western Europe was covered by a high sea-level: this may be related to the opening of the Atlantic. As a consequence, the UK was covered by a shallow and largely anoxic sea, perhaps less than 100m deep, with occasional landmasses.

paragraphs: This was shallower water than the Blue Lias of the Lower Jurassic. It was often low in oxygen, which led to its organic material being only partially decomposed. The mudstones are organic-rich, and gave rise to most of the North Sea oil.


Walker Lake


title: Milton Wolff

paragraphs: Milton Wolff was an American commander in the Spanish Civil War. He was born in Brooklyn, New York in 1915. He died in 2008. He was friends with the author Ernest Hemingway.


title: Rachel Hunter

paragraphs: Rachel Hunter (born September 8, 1969) is a fashion model and an actress from New Zealand. She currently lives in the United States. She has been in the "Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Edition" many times and has posed for other magazines. She was married to singer Rod Stewart from 1990 until 2006.


title: Yamasee War

paragraphs: The Yamasee War was a war between the Yamasee Indians and the South Carolina settlers from 1715-1717.


title: Orbital forcing

paragraphs: Orbital forcing is the effect on climate of slow changes in the tilt of the Earth's axis and shape of the orbit (see Milankovitch cycles). These orbital changes alter the amount of sunlight reaching the Earth by up to 25% at mid-latitudes. In this context, the term "forcing" is a physical process that affects the Earth's climate.

paragraphs: This mechanism is believed to be responsible for the timing of the ice age cycles. The timing of past glacial periods coincides very well with the predictions of the Milankovitch theory, and these effects can be calculated into the future.

paragraphs: Note in the graphic the strong 100,000 year periodicity of the cycles, and the striking asymmetry of the curves. Ice ages deepen by progressive steps, but the recovery to interglacial conditions occurs in one big step.


title: Milton Berle

paragraphs: Mendel Berlinger, better known as Milton Berle, (July 12, 1908 – March 27, 2002) was an American actor and comedian.

paragraphs: Berle was born Mendel Berlinger in Manhattan, New York City. He was raised Jewish. Berle studied at Professional Children's School. His career began in 1914, when he was 5 years old.

paragraphs: Berle first appeared in the serial "The Perils of Pauline". During his career he starred in numerous movies, television programs and others. He was called "Uncle Miltie" during TV's golden age days. He was known for hosting "Texaco Star Theater" (1948–55).

paragraphs: In 1949, Berle hosted the first ever telethon.

paragraphs: Berle retired in 2000 because of poor health. His last appearance was in a 2000 episode of "Kenan & Kel".

paragraphs: Berle was married to Joyce Mathews from 1941 until they divorced in 1947. They remarried in 1949 only to divorce once again in 1950. Then he married Ruth Cosgrove Rosenthal from 1953 until her death in 1989. Then he married Lorna Adams in 1991. Their marriage would last until his death in 2002. Berle had three children.

paragraphs: Berle died from colon cancer in Los Angeles, California on March 27, 2002 at age 93. He was buried at Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery.


title: Karl Barth

paragraphs: Karl Barth (1886-1968) was a Protestant theologian who started a movement in theology that is now called Neo-Orthodoxy. He wrote "Church Dogmatics" and the "Gottingen Dogmatics", as well as a number of Biblical commentaries, most famously on the Book of Romans. He was heavily involved in the authorship of the anti-Nazi Barmen declaration in 1934.

paragraphs: Barth rejects Biblical inerrancy, and he also rejects stronger forms of predestination.


title: Janet Evans

paragraphs: Janet Evans (born August 28, 1971 in Fullerton, California) is an American swimmer. Her career started at the 1988 Summer Olympics and ended at the 1996 Summer Olympics. She did not win a medal in 1996 but she added one more highlight to her career when she was given the honors of carrying the Olympic Torch at the 1996 Summer Olympics' opening ceremony. Evans retired after the 1996 Olympics. She later said she would return to swimming with the 2012 Summer Olympics' Trials.


title: Shame (movie)

paragraphs: Shame is a 2011 British erotic drama movie. The movie was written by Abi Morgan and Steve McQueen; he also directed. It was produced by Iain Canning and Emilie Sherman. It is distributed from Fox Searchlight Pictures in the United States. The movie stars Michael Fassbender as hypersexual thirty-something yuppie Brandon. He is an advertising executive who lives in New York City and is unable to manage his sex life and desires. Carey Mulligan plays his sister Sissy, who has borderline personality disorder and stays with him at his apartment. "Shame" is rated NC-17 (no children 17 and under admitted) for explicit sexuality.


title: Sungai Lalang

paragraphs: Sungai Lalang is a small town in Kedah, Malaysia. It is around 5 kilometers north of Sungai Petani.


title: Sungai Petani

paragraphs: Sungai Petani (abbreviated ""Sg. Petani"" or ""SP"") is a town in the state of Kedah, in the northern part of Peninsular Malaysia. Sungai Petani is the second largest town in Kedah after Alor Star. The name Sungai Petani has its roots from "sungai" meaning river and "petani" meaning farmer in the Malay language. Sungai Petani in full means "Farmer's River", as there are a lot of paddy fields and farmers in the state. The word "petani" may also refer to "Pattani", a city in present-day Thailand to which the river was once connected. Even the old spelling of Sungai Petani was "Sungei Patani", without any reference to farming.

paragraphs: Sungai Petani is designated as a parliamentary area in its own right. A total of 983,851 people (2008) are able to vote. It is currently represented by Johari Abdul from Parti Keadilan Rakyat.

paragraphs: The parliamentary area of Merbok and part of the parliamentary area of Yan (Gurun) form part of Sungai Petani Municipal administrative area.

paragraphs: Sungai Petani has a high and medium-sized business community. Small and medium industry also play a part in the local economy, producing many products, from semiconductors to television tubes and from textile to wood products. Sungai Petani is also a booming business center with many large malls, franchise stores and business enclaves.

paragraphs: Sungai Petani has many malls and shopping centers such as Central Square, Village Mall, Lagenda Height Tesco, Sungai Petani North Tesco, Sungai Petani South Tesco, Giant Hypermarket, Econsave, Billion, Sp Plaza and Parkson.

paragraphs: The town is accessible through the Federal Route 1 and also the North-South Expressway. Sungai Petani has two highway exits while the Federal Route I runs across the city. Apart from that, it also has a train station and a makeshift express bus hub that caters to any destination within Peninsular Malaysia, Thailand and Singapore.

paragraphs: Sungai Petani also has a relatively below average local bus service called City Liner, with air-conditioned red coaches.The express bus station not far from Sungai Petani Railway Station. The railway station is managed by Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad.

paragraphs: The nearest airport is the Penang International Airport on Penang Island. Another alternative airport is the Sultan Abdul Halim Airport, Alor Star (the state capital of Kedah).

paragraphs: Sungai Petani has various health amenities such as the Sultan Abdul Halim Hospital, a USD150-million hospital, and various private medical facilities. It is one of the most high-tech hospitals in Malaysia with Total Hospital Information System. The Sultan Abdul Halim Hospital was handed over by the Public Works Department to the Health Ministry on July 23, 2006. It is a 498-bed hospital which provides secondary and tertiary specialist services.

paragraphs: The hospital provides laparoscopic gynaecology operations. It is a recognized training center for gynaecologists in this field. It is also a center for thoracic surgery for the northern part of Peninsular Malaysia. This hospital is a training hospital for a local private medical university, AIMST University.

paragraphs: There are also two private hospitals in Sungai Petani: the Metro Specialist Hospital and Hospital Pantai Utara.

paragraphs: The District Education Department in Sungai Petani administers two districts of Kuala Muda and Yan with the highest number of primary and secondary schools in the state of Kedah.

paragraphs: Sungai Petani hosts a large number of reputable schools such as the Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Ibrahim, and Sekolah Menengah Sains Sultan Mohamad Jiwa.

paragraphs: Other schools include Convent Father Barre (Primary and Secondary), Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Bakar Arang, Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Khir Johari, Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Bandar Sungai Petani, Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Tunku Ismail, Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Sungai Pasir and Sekolah Menengah Teknik Sungai Petani 1 & 2.

paragraphs: Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Amanjaya, Sg. Lalang (6 km north of Sungai Petani) and Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Bedong (7.5 km north of Sungai Petani) is the most crowded school in Kedah state and second most crowded school in the country.

paragraphs: SRJK(T) Saraswathi is also one of the premier Tamil primary schools in Kedah. Recently the school celebrated its 85th anniversary.

paragraphs: Sekolah Menengah Jenis Kebangsaan Sin Min （新民国民型中学） and its Chinese primary school counterpart, SJK(C) Sin Min, are both also famous nationally for their academic performance. There is also a well established Chinese primary school called SJK(C) Sin Kwang which was built at the year of independence.

paragraphs: There is also a Maktab Rendah Sains MARA Merbok (MRSM) in Merbok about 11 km northwest of Sungai Petani.

paragraphs: The AIMST University, (the Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology), was previously in Amanjaya. In April 2007, the university moved to its new futuristic Semeling campus. The university offers a variety of professional courses, including medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, biotechnology, materials technology, engineering, and computer science and information technology.

paragraphs: Universiti Teknologi Mara has a branch campus at Merbok, Sungai Petani. Universiti Utara Malaysia also has a branch campus here.

paragraphs: Other government institutions with campuses in Sungai Petani include Institusi Kemahiran Malaysia (IKM). Ten minutes from Sungai Petani town, Institut Pendidikan Guru Kampus Sultan Abdul Halim (IPG KSAH) is an institution set up by the government to provide teaching courses for trainee teachers.

paragraphs: One of the country's fastest growing private universities, the Open University Malaysia (OUM) Regional Learning Center for the state of Kedah and Perlis are also in Sungai Petani. There are also private colleges like PTPL College and Cosmopoint College offering a variety of courses.

paragraphs: The Kolej Universiti Insaniah (KUIN) is a private university operating from two campuses in Kedah and one of them is in Sungai Petani.

paragraphs: Sungai Petani offers high potential of growth in tourism industry specifically in Historic Themes, Ecotourism and Aqua sports. The district of Kuala Muda, in which Sungai Petani is, has the 2nd largest mangrove area in the country. Ecotourism is now in continuous development. From Sungai Emas to Bukit Meriam, Bujang/Merbok, Pulau Tiga and Kota Kuala Muda one can trace the path of Kedah ancient capitals.

paragraphs: Pulau Tiga, near Laguna Merbok was once the location of His Highness Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin's palace and his headquarters after being defeated and drove away by the Siamese in the Battle for Kuala Kedah Fort in the 18th. century. For not so long after, the Siamese attacked the new palace and razed it down. The Sultan escaped to Penang and then Malacca. Kedah was then broken into several administrative territories and ruled by respective Siamese Military Governors. A few years later, after a peace negotiation, the Siamese agreed to re-install His Highness as the Sultan of Kedah with a new throne at the Kuala Muda Fort. The smaller territories were then merged back as Kedah state with the military governors replaced by a Siamese Resident Advisor.

paragraphs: The present military camp was a RAF Aerodrome during the WWII and was heavily bombed by the Japanese Airforce on the first day of the invasion of Malaya. The 6th. Brigade (Army) was historically full of military exploits/combats/battles during the Communist Insurgency in the 1970s. There are a large numbers of military cemeteries of Ghurkas' and Commenwealth soldiers. There are a numbers of fallen heroes during the insurgency that came from this command. One was the downing of a Nuri helicopter by the rebels near the Thai border that killed more than a dozen soldiers. The communists had ceased all hostilities since 1989, when a peace treaty with the Malaysian government was signed.

paragraphs: The military camp also is the headquarters of the 19th. Royal Malay Regiments with war records such as the famous Black Hawk Downs battle in Mogadishu, Somalia. They helped rescued the surrounded US soldiers with one casualty of their own Regiment members.

paragraphs: The present District Police Headquarters was the headquarters/camp of the Police Field Force Battalion during the insurgency. The paramilitary police too has their shares of fallen heroes during the insurgency.

paragraphs: The bloody legend of Raja Bersiong (the King with Fangs) whom was believed to be one of the rulers of ancient Kedah was originated from the Lembah Bujang (or Bujangha in Sanskrit = Big Snake = Dragon ), one of the 2 valleys (Lembah Muda is the other) that covers half of the Sungai Petani surrounding landscape. The other half is the highland of Gunung Jerai. There are two major rivers Sungai Merbok and Sungai Muda that are suitable for aquasport. There are also abandoned open mining/quarry pools that are suitable for water tourism. Gunung Jerai offers an abundance of waterfalls.

paragraphs: The major of Sungai Petani is a clock tower on the main street, Jalan Ibrahim. The clock tower was built in 1936. It is 12.1 m in height. It is topped by a dome-shaped and gold coloured structure. The tower was a present from Lim Lean Teng to George V and Queen Mary to commemorate the Silver Jubilee.

paragraphs: Sungai Petani is also known for its green lungs and attractions. In the heart of the town is the Jubli Perak (Silver Jubilee) public park and also Bird Park. There are more than five golf courses around Sungai Petani, as well as various streams, rivers and lakes.

paragraphs: The Swiss Inn Hotel (owned by Swiss-Garden International Hotels, Resorts & Inns) is on the north of Sungai Petani. Conveniently about 5 minutes from the North Sungai Petani tol. Besides that, another popular hotel in Sungai Petani is the Park Avenue Hotel which is about 5 minutes from the South Sungai Petani tol. Also in the same area are the Emerald Puteri Hotel and Northern Lodge Hotel. D'vista Hotel and Amanpura Hotel (formerly known as SP Inn) is in the heart of Sungai Petani town, its strategic location makes it walking distance to various places such as Central Square and the local bus station. The Seri Malaysia Hotel Sungai Petani opposite the Sungai Petani railway station, which is nearby to the town as well.

paragraphs: The Sungai Petani Club (SP Club) is a vibrant meeting and recreational venue for the residents of Sungai Petani. In the middle of the town, it is the oldest golf club in the State of Kedah, having been established in 1922 by British planters. The unique colonial facade and antique wooden interiors of the clubhouse would render it as a heritage site in Sungai Petani. The 9-hole golf course covering of prime land provides green space to balance the rapid pace of development of the town with environmental conservation.

paragraphs: Cinta Sayang Golf & Country Resort is only 30 minutes from Penang and Kedah’s capital, Alor Setar. Its strategic location gives the Resort an advantage as a tour and shopping agent to Penang, Langkawi and Hat Yai. Cinta Sayang Golf & Country Resort was an 18-hole golf course with only 50-room chalets. Throughout the years, with constant development and upgrading, the Resort is now a proud 4-star golf resort, awarded by the Minister of Tourism Malaysia.

paragraphs: In the northern part of the town, about 30 kilometres away, is the famous Gunung Jerai. Gunung Jerai is 1,217 metres from the sea level. This is the tallest mountain in the northern region and is surrounded by a vast jungle. It is a navigational point for ships entering the Straits of Malacca from the north because it is visible from far. There is an 18 km trekking route to the top of the mountain through a winding road. Atop the Jerai is a resort and the mountain boasts some tall and cooling waterfalls. Historically, the Jerai mountain served as the navigational point for traders from the east and west. There was a Hindu temple on top of the mountain that was built nearly a thousand years ago during the Bujang Valley Hindu Civilization.

paragraphs: The Carnivall is a newly opened water park in Sungai Petani within the grounds of Cinta Sayang Golf and Country Resort. With an entrance fee of MYR 30.00 for adults and MYR 24.00 for children on weekends. The Carnivall is the first water park in Kedah. It was opened on 25 December 2006. Weekdays rates are cheaper than weekend rates, and the good accessibility of the place makes it one of the most well known attractions in Sungai Petani.

paragraphs: The only beach in mainland Kedah, it is a major attraction for beach goers from all over mainland Penang and Kedah State. Various accommodation is available for rent to experience the beach and other attractions in the area which includes harvesting Kepah, Siput Kemudi and Kerang (local seafood) in Kampung Tepi Sungai, Kota Kuala Muda, Pantai Merdeka itself and also at Pulau Sayak. Pantai Merdeka is also a gateway to island activities in small islands called Pulau Bidan and Pulau Telor which are a few minutes boat ride away. These areas are good for fishing and its beaches. In addition to that Kota Kuala Muda has an old fort used to be the fort of the Raja Muda of Kedah during its time. There is also an archeology site in Kota Kuala Muda where precious stones panning were done few hundred years ago.

paragraphs: Tanjung Dawai is a place which is known as a seafood spot in Sungai Petani. It is 30 minutes from Sungai Petani. It has about twenty seafood restaurants. Because of availability of seafood and competition, fine cuisine is available at prices lower most other similar areas - with a dinner for 10-12 people costing around MYR 100.00.

paragraphs: Sri Subramaniya Swami Devasthanam temple in Jalan Kuala Ketil is a 97 year old temple. The temple was built by philanthropist Sri Annaasamy Pillai, in 1914. The temple, held its first "Maha Kumbhabhishekam" (part of the consecration ceremony in a Hindu temple) in 1924. It has a majestic looking monumental tower, or "Raja Goburam", at the entrance. The temple has 70-year-old wooden chariot, bearing the statue of Lord Muruga. Thaipusam is celebrated grandly every year with 10 days of Ubayam and 3 days of offering milk pots and kavadis. Around 6000 milk pots and 700 Kavadis are carried by devotees from local and other states.

paragraphs: There are few shopping centre which highly visited by local residents showed as following;

paragraphs: Parkson (Developed roughly 20 years ago inside Petani Parade), Central Square, Village Mall (Operated since 2008), SP Plaza and Billion. There are four hypermarket developed for residents convenience which include Tesco Hypermarket (Tesco Sungai Petani and Tesco Sungai Petani Selatan), Giant Hypermarket and Econsave. Furthermore, Sungai Petani is a shopper's haven for textiles and traditional gold jewellery.

paragraphs: Currently, there are two cinemas, Golden Screen Cinemas (GSC) Central Square Sungai Petani and Grand Cineplex Village Mall Sungai Petani, that are operating at Sungai Petani. GSC Central Square is a three-screen cinema on the fifth floor of Central Square, one of the famous shopping complexes at Sungai Petani, while the newly opened Grand Cineplex is a four-screen cineplex on level two of the Village Mall. The seating capacity of GSC Central Square and Grand Cineplex are 666 and 680 respectively. Before February 2010, the only place to watch a movie was GSC Central Square as it was the only one that has been operating since 1997. Grand Cineplex Village Mall is near Tesco Sungai Petani, Lagenda Heights, which is at the northern part of Sungai Petani that is growing rapidly at the moment. The opening of Grand Cineplex on 2010 provides patrons with another choice on where to watch a movie at Sungai Petani. It is undeniable that it is more convenient and time-saving to those who stay at the northern part of the Sungai Petani as they do not need to travel all the way to the middle of the Sungai Petani town where Central Square is.

paragraphs: Sungai Petani is known for its Nasi Kandar and Mee Goreng Mamak which is an Indian Muslim cuisine which is loved by the locals. Sungai Petani also has various selection of franchise restaurant and cafe which is 6 KFC outlets, 3 Pizza Hut outlets, 1 McDonald's, 1 A&W Restaurants, 2 Secret Recipe, 1 Starbucks Coffee and several kopitiams including Old Town White Coffee and Station 1 Cafe. Besides that Radixs outlets, including Radix Fried Chicken and Radix Orientals Cuisine which worth a special mention for value for money in all aspects. There are also Thai Cuisine style restaurants.

paragraphs: The Bujang Valley or Lembah Bujang, sometimes referred to as the Ancient Wonder of Kedah, is a rich historical site covering an area of about 400sq. km in Merbok (17 km from Sungai Petani), bounded by Bukit Coras (Choras Hill) and Gunung Jerai. This archaeological area was the site of an ancient Hindu-Buddhist kingdom that ruled the region from the 4th century AD. There is also an archaeological museum here which is known as The Lembah Bujang Archaeological Museum. This museum displays more than 2,500 artifacts from Malaysia's earliest civilization that have been unearthed from the surrounding excavation sites. Gold, gems, ceramics, Hindu gods and beautiful Buddha stone statues dating from the third to 14th centuries are all on display, though its main feature is Chandi Bukit Batu Pahat, a reconstructed temple built to worship the Hindu god Shiva.