title: Brad Dye

paragraphs: Brad J. Dye, Jr. (December 20, 1933 – July 1, 2018) was an American politician. He was born in Charleston, Mississippi. Dye served three 4-year terms as 27th Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi from 1980 until 1992. He served under William Winter, William Allain and Ray Mabus. Dye was a member of the Democratic Party.

paragraphs: Dye died of respiratory failure on July 1, 2018 in Ridgeland, Mississippi at the age of 84.


title: Ray Mabus

paragraphs: Raymond Edwin Mabus Jr. (born October 11, 1948) is an American politician and diplomat. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

paragraphs: Mabus served as the 75th United States Secretary of the Navy from 2009 to 2017. Mabus also served as the State Auditor of Mississippi from 1984 to 1988, as the 60th Governor of Mississippi from 1988 to 1992 and as the United States Ambassador to Saudi Arabia from 1994 to 1996.

paragraphs: In 2012, he appeared in the movie "Battleship" as the Commanding Officer of USS Ronald Reagan.


title: Bukalapak

paragraphs: Bukalapak online marketplace in Indonesia, owned and run by PT. Bukalapak.

paragraphs: Bukalapak was founded by Achmad Zaky in early 2010 as a digital agency division named Suitmedia, based in Jakarta. However, Bukalapak has only been a Limited Liability Company (PT) in September 2011 and is managed by management led by Achmad Zaky as CEO (Chief Executive Office) and Nugroho Herucahyono as CTO (Chief Technology Officer).

paragraphs: In one day, Bukalapak visited more than 2 million visits. Until now, Bukalapak has 7 million sold by users (as of December 2015) and is in position 11 major sites in Indonesia based on Alexa.


title: Dick Feagler

paragraphs: Richard Feagler (July 29, 1938 – July 1, 2018) was an American journalist, playwright and television personality. He was born in Cleveland, Ohio. He entered journalism in 1963, writing obituaries for the "Cleveland Press". In 1970 Feagler started a regular feature column that continued until the "Press" closed in 1982. He won a Peabody Award in 1991. He was the host of "Feagler & Friends", a weekly half-hour discussion program on WVIZ until 2013.

paragraphs: Feagler died July 1, 2018 in Cleveland, Ohio, aged 79.


title: Gordon Hillman

paragraphs: Gordon Hillman (29 July 1943 – 1 July 2018) was a British archaeobotanist. He worked as Professor in Archaeobotany (Palaeoethnobotany) at the Institute of Archaeology, University College London.

paragraphs: He was awarded the Distinguished Economic Botanist award by the Society for Economic Botany in 2004.

paragraphs: Hillman died on 1 July 2018 in London of complications from Parkinson's disease, aged 74.


title: Patrick Finnegan

paragraphs: Patrick Finnegan (September 20, 1949 – July 2, 2018) was a United States Army Brigadier General. He served as president of Longwood University from 2010 to 2012. Finnegan served 39 years in the U.S. Army, retiring in 2010 after serving as the 12th Dean of the Academic Board at the U.S. Military Academy. He was born in Fukuoka, Japan, but raised in Baltimore, Maryland.

paragraphs: Finnegan died in Farmville, Virginia on July 2, 2018 from a heart attack, aged 68.


title: Ángel Roberto Seifart

paragraphs: Ángel Roberto Seifart (12 September 1941 – 2 July 2018) was a Paraguayan politician. He was a member of the Colorado Party. He was born in Asunción, Paraguay.

paragraphs: Seifart was minister of education in the military government of Andrés Rodríguez. In 1993, he was elected Vice President of Paraguay as running mate of Juan Carlos Wasmosy for the period from 15 August 1993 to 15 August 1998 and also a minister in the cabinet of Raúl Cubas Grau.

paragraphs: Seifart died in Asunción on 2 July 2018 from complications of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, aged 76.


title: Mario Abdo Benítez

paragraphs: Mario Abdo Benítez (born 10 November 1971) is a Paraguayan politician. He served as president of the Senate of Paraguay. Abdo Benítez is the 51st President of Paraguay since 15 August 2018.


title: Juan Carlos Wasmosy

paragraphs: Juan Carlos Wasmosy Monti (born December 15, 1938) is a Paraguayan politician. He was the President of Paraguay from August 15, 1993 until August 15, 1998. He was a member of the Colorado Party, and the country's first civilian president in 39 years.

paragraphs: In 2002, Wasmosy was convicted of defrauding the Paraguayan state and was himself sentenced to four years in prison. The sentence was later appealed.


title: Georges-Emmanuel Clancier

paragraphs: Georges-Emmanuel Clancier (3 May 1914 – 4 July 2018) was a French poet, novelist, and journalist. He won the Prix Goncourt (poetry), the Grand Prize of the Académie française, and the grand prize of the Société des gens de lettres.

paragraphs: From 1955 to 1970, he worked in Paris as secretary general of the programming committees of Radiodiffusion-Télévision Française, (which later became the ORTF). In 1956 he published "Le Pain noir", a series of novels in which he told, until 1961.

paragraphs: He was President of the PEN of France from 1976 to 1979, where he worked in the defense of writers threatened, detained, deported or exiled. In 1980 he was Vice-President of the French Commission for UNESCO, in 1987 Vice President of International PEN, and chairman of the House of Writers which was founded in 1986 to 1990.

paragraphs: Clancier turned 100 in May 2014 and died on 4 July 2018 from pneumonia in Paris, aged 104.


title: President of Paraguay

paragraphs: The President of Paraguay () is according to the Constitution of Paraguay the head of the executive branch of the Government of Paraguay, both head of state and head of government.

paragraphs: The President is limited to a single five-year term. it was ultimately rejected.

paragraphs: The Presidential seat is the Palacio de los López, in Asunción. The Presidential residence is the Mburuvichá Roga, also in Asunción.

paragraphs: Once Presidents leave office, they are granted by the Constitution of Paraguay the speaking-but-non-voting position of Senator for life.

paragraphs: The current President of Paraguay is Mario Abdo Benítez, since 15 August 2018. He was elected in 2018.

paragraphs: There are seven living former presidents. The most recent former president to die was Alfredo Stroessner (1963–1989), on 16 August 2006.


title: Raúl Cubas

paragraphs: Raúl Alberto Cubas Grau (born August 23, 1943 in Asunción) is a Paraguayan politician. He served as the President of Paraguay from 1998 until 1999.


title: Luis Ángel González Macchi

paragraphs: Luis Ángel González Macchi (born December 13, 1947) is a Paraguayan politician. He was the President of Paraguay from 1999 until 2003.

paragraphs: On December 4, 2006, González Macchi was sentenced to eight years in prison for fraud and embezzlement. The sentence was appealed.


title: Nicanor Duarte

paragraphs: Óscar Nicanor Duarte Frutos (born 11 October 1956) is a Paraguayan politician. He served as President of Paraguay from 2003 to 2008.

paragraphs: Nicanor Duarte announced his resignation as president, in order to assume a position as Senator on 1 July 2008. He presented his resignation on 23 June 2008 to the President of the Congress of Paraguay, Senator Miguel Abdón Saguier.


title: Fernando Lugo

paragraphs: Fernando Armindo Lugo Méndez (; born 30 May 1951) is a Paraguayan politician. He was President of Paraguay from 2008 to 2012. He was a Roman Catholic priest and bishop, serving as Bishop of the Diocese of San Pedro from 1994 to 2005.

paragraphs: In 2012, he was removed from office through an impeachment process, which some people believed it was a coup d'état. He was elected to the Senate of Paraguay in the 2013 general elections.

paragraphs: In August 2010, Lugo was diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. He continued his duties as president of Paraguay while undergoing treatment.


title: Federico Franco

paragraphs: Luis Federico Franco Gómez (born 24 July 1962) is a Paraguayan politician. He was President of Paraguay from June 2012 until August 2013. He is a member of the Authentic Radical Liberal Party (PLRA). He was elected as Vice President of Paraguay in the 2008 presidential election as the running mate of Fernando Lugo. He took office in August 2008.

paragraphs: Following Lugo's impeachment by the Senate on 22 June 2012, he replaced Lugo as President to complete the presidential mandate until 15 August 2013.


title: President of Uruguay

paragraphs: The President of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay () is the head of state and head of government of Uruguay. The President of the Republic is the Commander in Chief of the Armed forces. The President is elected direct popular election for a term of five years. He may be reelected any number of times, but is ineligible for immediate reelection.

paragraphs: Since 1990, the President's term has begun and ended on March 1. The current President is Luis Alberto Lacalle Pou.

paragraphs: There are three living former presidents. The most recent former president to die was Jorge Batlle Ibáñez (2000–2005), on 24 October 2016.


title: Luis Alberto Lacalle

paragraphs: Luis Alberto Lacalle de Herrera, GCMG, (, known as Cuqui (born July 13, 1941) is a Uruguayan lawyer and politician. He served as President of Uruguay from 1990 to 1995.

paragraphs: In August 1978 Lacalle was sent three bottles of wine tainted with poison The case remains unsolved.

paragraphs: His son is Luis Alberto Lacalle Pou, the 42nd President.


title: Aquatic locomotion

paragraphs: Aquatic locomotion is animals and other organisms moving through water. The surface of the world is mostly covered with water, and all major animal phyla started life in the water.

paragraphs: The earliest fossils we have are those of stromatolites, which are mat-like structures formed by photosynthetic bacteria in the sea. Even animals which evolved on land have often returned to the water, even though they usually continue to breath air. There are aquatic insects, reptiles, mammals and birds.

paragraphs: We don't quite know when the first animals and plants evolved, but some guesstimates have been made. Acritarchs are present from about 3200 to 1400 million years ago to the present. That's a wide time-range which means we cannot be sure when they evolved. They seem to have been grazed (eaten) by some early forms of life. Probably some kind of protist developed using existing life forms as food.

paragraphs: Locomotion is needed to find the right place in the seas, and to eat and avoid being eaten. All advanced forms of life, and many primitive forms of life, use locomotion.

paragraphs: The simplest propulsive systems evolved in microorganisms. Cilia and flagella are used.

paragraphs: Swimming has evolved a number of times in more complex life-forms. Examples include arthropods, fish, molluscs, reptiles, birds, and mammals.

paragraphs: Ciliates have hundreds or thousands of small flagella called cilia to move through the water. Certain organisms such as bacteria and animal sperm have a flagellum to move in liquid environments.

paragraphs: All aquatic invertebrates swim at some stage in their lives, and many swim for their entire life. All jellyfish swim by pulsing their cup-shaped bodies. Crustaceans swim with their legs. Some molluscs swim all their lives, some only as larvae.

paragraphs: Squid and octopods swim quite vigorously by 'jet propulsion'. They squirt water out to move.

paragraphs: There are a very large number of insects which are aquatic as larvae or adults. Almost all use their legs for swimming. They are air-breathing, and carry air with them as they swim. The air they get from the surface of the water, and take it down with them. Usually, the air is trapped among dense hairs on their surfaces. 13 orders of insects have aquatic stages, including all mayflies and dragonflies, and many beetles, bugs, and flies.


title: Church of North India

paragraphs: The Church of North India (CNI) is a major Protestant denomination in northern India. It is a united church established on 29 November 1970 by bringing together the main Protestant churches working in northern India; it is a province of the worldwide Anglican Communion. It is one of the three successors of the Church of England in South Asia, the others being the Church of Pakistan and the Church of South India. The merger resulted from discussions begun in 1929; it came eventually between the Church of India, Pakistan, Burma and Ceylon (Anglican), the United Church of Northern India (Congregationalist and Presbyterian), the Baptist Churches of Northern India (British Baptists), the Church of the Brethren in India, which withdrew in 2006, the Methodist Church (British and Australian Conferences) and the Disciples of Christ denominations.

paragraphs: The CNI's jurisdiction covers all states of the Republic of India with the exception of the four states in the south (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu) and has approximately 1,250,000 members (0.1% of India's population) in 3,000 pastorates.


title: Habib Bourguiba

paragraphs: Habib Ben Ali Bourguiba ( "al-Ḥabīb Būrqībah"; 3 August 1903 – 6 April 2000) was a Tunisian lawyer, nationalist leader and statesman.

paragraphs: Bourguiba served as the country's leader from independence in 1956 to 1987. He first served as the second Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Tunisia before proclaiming the Tunisian Republic in 1957 and thus becoming the first President of Tunisia.

paragraphs: Before to that, he played a major role in obtaining independence from France, ending the 75 years old protectorate and earning the title of "Supreme Combatant".


title: Bad Education

paragraphs: Bad Education is a 2004 Spanish drama movie. The movie was written and directed by Pedro Almodóvar.

paragraphs: It was released on 19 March 2004 in Spain and on 10 September 2004 in Mexico. It was also shown at many international film festivals, such as Cannes, New York City, Toronto and Moscow.

paragraphs: In 1980 Madrid, young movie director Enrique Goded is looking for his next project. He gets the unexpected visit of an actor looking for work. The actor says he's Enrique's boarding school friend and first love, Ignacio Rodriguez. Ignacio, who is now using the name Ángel Andrade, has brought with him a short story titled "The Visit". Ignacio hopes Enrique would be interested in making a movie out of it, and give him the starring role.

paragraphs: "The Visit" is set in 1977. It tells of a drag artist and transgender woman named Zahara. Her birth name is Ignacio. Zahara plans to rob a drunk admirer. But she then discovers the man is her lover Enrique.

paragraphs: Next, she visits her old school and meets Father Manolo. Manolo abused her when she was a boy. She asks for one million pesetas (Spanish currency) for halting publication of her story "The Visit". The story is set around a boarding school for boys in 1964. At the school, Ignacio, a young boy with a beautiful singing voice, is an object of lust from Father Manolo, the school principal and literature teacher.

paragraphs: Enrique wants to adapt Ignacio’s story into a movie. But Ángel's condition is that he play the part of Zahara, the transgender lead. However, Enrique is skeptical. He feels the Ignacio he loved and the Ignacio of today are totally different people. He (Enrique) drives to Galicia. That's when he learns from Ignacio's mother that the real Ignacio has been dead for four years. He also learns that the man who came to his office is Ignacio's younger brother Juan.

paragraphs: In the book, it is said that Enrique releases his movie later and has great success. Despite the grief and guilt of his brother, Juan also has success.

paragraphs: "Bad Education" was given an NC-17 rating for "a scene of explicit sexual content". A special edition R-rated version was released later.

paragraphs: A "New York Times" reporter said that Gael García Bernal had a bad time with the movie director over the movie's content. Bernal defiantly wrote in response nothing could be further from the truth.

paragraphs: The movie opened at the 57th Cannes Film Festival. It was the first Spanish movie to do this.

paragraphs: The movie opened in theaters in the United States on November 19, 2004. It made USD $147,370 in its opening weekend. At the end of its theatrical run (106 theaters), it had taken in over $5.2 million in the U.S. and Canada. It also took in over $35 million overseas. The total was over $40 million. The movie's budget was near $5 million.

paragraphs: The movie received very good reviews by movie critics. Rotten Tomatoes rates "Bad Education" at 88%. On the Metacritic, the movie is rated at 88 out of 100, meaning "universal acclaim".


title: Toronto International Film Festival

paragraphs: The Toronto International Film Festival (or TIFF) is one of the largest and publicly attended movie festivals. It attracts over 480,000 people annually. It was founded in 1976.

paragraphs: In 2007, the "Time" magazine noted that TIFF had "grown from its place as the most influential fall film festival to the most influential film festival, period.

paragraphs: The festival's People's Choice Award has been an indicator of success in the awards season. Past movies include Academy Award winners, such as "Slumdog Millionaire", "The King's Speech", "La La Land", "12 Years a Slave" and "Silver Linings Playbook".

paragraphs: Movies such as "American Beauty", "Ray" and "Black Swan" have premiered at the TIFF.


title: Fred Hubbell

paragraphs: Fred Hubbell (born April 25, 1951) is an American politician and businessman. He was the Democratic nominee for Governor of Iowa in the 2018 Governors' election.

paragraphs: Before running for office, Hubbell was the chairman of the Younkers department stores in the 1980s. He was also President of Equitable of Iowa.

paragraphs: On July 17, 2017, Hubbell declared his candidacy for the Governor of Iowa. On November 14, 2017, the Iowa Starting Line released a poll showing Fred Hubbell leading the Democratic primary.

paragraphs: Hubbell got 55% of the vote in the Democratic primary to become the party's nominee for Governor of Iowa. However, he lost the general election to Kim Reynolds.

paragraphs: Fred Hubbell was born in Des Moines, Iowa.


title: Late-May 1998 tornado outbreak and derecho

paragraphs: The Late May 1998 tornado outbreak and derecho was a weather event in the United States from May 30-31, 1998. It affected the northern half of the country and southern Ontario, from Montana to the Mid-Atlantic states.

paragraphs: The first reports of severe weather were from Montana around 12:30 p.m. MDT. The tornado struck Spencer, South Dakota around 8:37 p.m. CDT. The Spencer tornado was an F4. Six people were killed in this tornado.

paragraphs: The same storm that produced the Spencer, South Dakota tornado turned into a derecho affecting Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Ontario, and New York. The derecho killed another 6 people.

paragraphs: On May 31, tornadoes broke out across Pennyslvania and New York, this being the most destructive to sweep across the two states since the 1985 United States-Canada tornado outbreak.


title: Carmen Campagne

paragraphs: Carmen Campagne (September 8, 1959 – July 4, 2018) was a Canadian singer and children's entertainer. She, along with Connie Kaldor, received a Juno Award at the 1989 in the category Best Children's Album for "Lullaby Berceuse". She was born in Willow Bunch, Saskatchewan.

paragraphs: In 2013, she was made a Member of the Order of Canada "for her contributions as a singer, songwriter and composer enhancing music for young children and using music in French-language education".

paragraphs: Campagne died of pancreatic cancer at age 58 on July 4, 2018, in Willow Bunch.


title: Ernst W. Hamburger

paragraphs: Ernst Wolfgang Hamburger (8 June 1933 — 4 July 2018) was a German-born Brazilian physicist. Hamburger was known for his activities regarding public understanding of science. He was the director of Estação Ciência, an interactive science museum in São Paulo. He won the UNESCO Kalinga Prize for the Popularization of Science, the José Reis Award for the Divulgation of Science, the medal of the Brazilian Order of Scientific Merit, and was a member of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences.

paragraphs: Hamburger was born in Berlin and died on 4 July 2018, in São Paulo, of lymphoma at the age of 85.


title: Adamu Ciroma

paragraphs: Adamu Ciroma (20 November 1934 – 5 July 2018) was a Nigerian politician.

paragraphs: Ciroma served as Governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria. He was born in Potiskum, Yobe State.. He was a member of the People's Democratic Party.

paragraphs: Ciroma was a founding member of the People's Democratic Party (PDP). He served as Minister of Finance in the government of Olusegun Obasanjo from 1999 to 2003. His wife Maryam Ciroma holds the position of PDP National Women leader in Nigeria.


title: Neil McDermott

paragraphs: Neil McDermott (born 15 December 1980) is a English stage and television actor. He is best known for portraying Ryan Malloy in the BBC television soap opera "EastEnders".

paragraphs: McDermott appeared in the 2008 "Doctor Who" episode "The Next Doctor", as well as "Casualty" and "Rosemary and Thyme", amongst others, the feature movies "Goal!" and "Blooded", and various stage productions including "The Sound of Music" in the West End. He trained at the Mountview Academy of Theatre Arts.


title: Charles B. Reed

paragraphs: Charles Bass Reed (September 29, 1941 – December 6, 2016) was an American educator. He served as Chancellor of the State University System of Florida from 1985 to 1998 and chancellor of the California State University (CSU) system from 1998 to 2012.

paragraphs: Reed died on December 6, 2016 at his home in Tallahassee, Florida at age 75.


title: New Glarus, Wisconsin

paragraphs: New Glarus is a village in Green County, Wisconsin, United States. It had a population of 2,172 according to the 2010 census. Since 2000, it had a population growth of 2.9 percent.

paragraphs: New Glarus is at the intersection of Wisconsin Highways 69 and 39.

paragraphs: The village, and the town that surrounds it, were named after the canton of Glarus in eastern Switzerland. The community was founded in 1845 by immigrants from that canton and was incorporated in 1901.


title: Farrah Abraham

paragraphs: Farrah Lynn Abraham (born May 31, 1991) is an American reality television personality and pornography actress. She was born in Omaha, Nebraska, and raised in Council Bluffs, Iowa and Austin, Texas.

paragraphs: Abraham is known for starring in "16 and Pregnant" in 2009, which documented the pregnancies and first months of motherhood for several young women. Later that year she was cast in the spin-off series "Teen Mom", and appeared in each of its four seasons until its conclusion in 2012.

paragraphs: In 2012, she wrote her first memoir "My Teenage Dream Ended". The book made it onto "The New York Times" Best Seller List.

paragraphs: Abraham began starring in sex tapes and pornography videos since 2014.


title: Caitlin McHugh

paragraphs: Caitlin McHugh (born May 13, 1986) is an American actress, writer and model. She is known for her roles in "I Am Legend" and in the TV series "The Vampire Diaries".

paragraphs: McHugh is signed with Wilhelmina Models. In 2016, she appeared in television commercials for Colgate toothpaste.

paragraphs: On October 23, 2017, McHugh announced her engagement to actor John Stamos after a year of dating. Stamos and McHugh married in February 2018.


title: Rudolf Kirchschläger

paragraphs: Rudolf Kirchschläger (; 20 March 1915 – 30 March 2000) was an Austrian diplomat, politician and judge. From 1974 to 1986 he was the 8th President of Austria.

paragraphs: Kirchschläger died on 30 March 2000 near Vienna, aged 85.


title: Bulle

paragraphs: Bulle (, ) is a municipality of the district of Gruyère in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. In January 2006 Bulle incorporated the formerly independent municipality of La Tour-de-Trême.


title: Mehrsa Baradaran

paragraphs: Mehrsa Baradaran (born April 3, 1978) is an Iranian-American law professor. She was born in Orumieh, Iran. She works in banking law at the University of Georgia. Her book "How the Other Half Banks" has received national and international media coverage.

paragraphs: In 2017, Baradaran publicly criticized President Donald Trump and his executive order that allowed an immigration ban.


title: Novato, California

paragraphs: Novato ( ) is a city in northern Marin County, in the North Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area, in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2010 United States Census, the population was 51,904.

paragraphs: Novato is about northwest of San Rafael and about north of San Francisco on U.S. 101.


title: Mill Valley, California

paragraphs: Mill Valley is a city of Marin County in the state of California, United States.

paragraphs: It is about north of San Francisco via the Golden Gate Bridge. The population was 13,903 at the 2010 census.

paragraphs: Actress and comedian Eve Arden was born there in 1908.


title: EA Canada

paragraphs: EA Vancouver (formerly known as EA Canada and also known as EA Burnaby) is a video game developer in Burnaby, British Columbia.


title: Shoko Asahara

paragraphs: , born , was a Japanese terrorist. He was the founder of the Japanese doomsday cult group Aum Shinrikyo. Asahara was convicted for being the mastermind behind the 1995 Tokyo subway sarin attack and several other crimes, for which he was sentenced to death in 2004.

paragraphs: In June 2012, his execution was postponed due to further arrests of Aum Shinrikyo members. He was executed by hanging on July 6, 2018.


title: Tokyo subway sarin attack

paragraphs: The Tokyo subway sarin attack ( was an act of domestic terrorism on 20 March 1995, in Tokyo, Japan, by members of the cult movement Aum Shinrikyo. 13 people were killed.

paragraphs: The group had already carried out several assassinations and terrorist attacks using sarin, including the Matsumoto sarin attack nine months earlier. They had also produced several other nerve agents, including VX. The cult had attempted to produce botulinum toxin and had perpetrated several failed acts of bioterrorism.

paragraphs: In the raid following the attack, police arrested many senior members of the cult. Police activity continued throughout the summer, eventually arresting over 200 members, including Asahara himself. Thirteen of the senior Aum management have been sentenced to death, with many others given prison sentences up to life. Leader Shoko Asahara was executed in July 2018.

paragraphs: On July 6, 2018, Asahara and six other Aum Shinrikyo members were executed by hanging. Japan's Justice Minister Yōko Kamikawa stated that the crimes "plunged people, not only in Japan but in other countries as well, into deadly fear and shook society to its core". Amnesty International criticized the use of the death penalty. While executions are rare in Japan, they have public support according to surveys. There were 13 members on death row at the time:

paragraphs: Aum Shinrikyo members executed on 6 July 2018:

paragraphs: The six remaining Aum Shinrikyo members were executed on 26 July 2018.


title: Jean-Louis Tauran

paragraphs: Jean-Louis Pierre Tauran (; 5 April 1943 – 5 July 2018) was a French cardinal of the Catholic Church. At his death he had been president of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue since 2007.

paragraphs: He was made a cardinal in 2003 and was the Cardinal Protodeacon from 2011 to 2014. He was the Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church since 20 December 2014 until his death.

paragraphs: Tauran died on 5 July 2018 from complications of Parkinson's disease in Hartford, Connecticut at the age of 75.


title: Signal recognition particle

paragraphs: The signal recognition particle (SRP) is a common molecule found in cytoplasm. It is a "ribonucleoprotein" (a protein-RNA complex). It recognizes and targets specific proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum of eukaryotes and the plasma membrane of prokaryotes.

paragraphs: When the SRP-ribosome complex binds to a cell membrane receptor, SRP releases the ribosome and drifts away. The ribosome resumes protein synthesis, but now the protein is moving through the SRP-receptor transmembrane pore. So, SRP directs the movement of proteins within the cell. It binds with a transmembrane pore. This allows the protein to cross the membrane to where it is needed. In eukaryotes, the target is the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).

paragraphs: The SRP is 'universally conserved'. That means it is so important that "all living things have it in their cells". Despite this, the actual composition of the SRP varies greatly between organisms.


paragraphs: General Secretary Xi Jinping important speech series is a book of the sayings of Xi Jinping, the current General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, published in 2014 and 2016. The book is a collection of quotations taken from Xi Jinping's speeches. The book was written by Party's Publicity Department and published by official People's Publishing House and Study Publishing House. Party's Organization Department ordered to communist staffs and university students must study this book and learn General Secretary's talking spirit.


title: Counterintelligence

paragraphs: Counterintelligence is an activity to protect a state against spies and other activities of a foreign intelligence service.

paragraphs: It includes "protecting an agency's intelligence program against an opposition's intelligence service". It refers to information gathered and steps taken to counter espionage. Other intelligence activities are taken to prevent sabotage, or assassinations by foreign powers, organizations or persons. Activities are taken against international terrorist groups and personnel. Work is done on physical, document or communications security programs.

paragraphs: Often counterintelligence at home is done by a different department from gathering intelligence abroad. For example, in the United Kingdom, there is a distinction between the Security Service (MI5) and the Special Branch of the Metropolitan Police. Arrests and interrogation is done by Special Branch. Gathering intelligence abroad is done by MI6, the Secret Intelligence Service.

paragraphs: In theory, the USA has a similar division between foreign activities and homeland activities. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is a domestic security service. The CIA has no law enforcement function and does overseas intelligence gathering, with only limited domestic intelligence collection. In practice, the set-up is much more complex, and ever-changing. For one thing, the career of James Angleton and also the Watergate scandal shows how the CIA has been involved in mainland USA. The addition of the United States Department of Homeland Security was a recognition that the United States was itself a potential target of attack by its various enemies.

paragraphs: Russia may have been the first country to set up an official counterintelligence organisation: the Okhrana was set up in 1880. Its title 'Department for Protecting the Public Security and Order'. sounds very modern. There was an even earlier Russian security department called the 'Department on Protecting the Order and Public Peace'. It was founded in 1866. It would be fair to say that these Russian organisations were not directed towards foreign intelligence services, but against internal threats to public order. They were part of the MVD (Ministry of the Interior).


title: Minicomputer

paragraphs: A minicomputer is a type of computer that possesses most of the features and capabilities of a large computer but is smaller in physical size.

paragraphs: A minicomputer fills the space between the mainframe and microcomputer, and is smaller than the former but larger than the latter. It also has a terminal. terminal is a device in which keyboard and monitor are integrated together

paragraphs: Minicomputers are mainly used as small or mid-range servers operating business and scientific applications. However, the use of the term minicomputer has diminished and has merged with servers.

paragraphs: A minicomputer may also be called a mid-range computer.


title: Office of Strategic Services

paragraphs: The Office of Strategic Services (OSS) was a wartime intelligence agency of the United States during World War II. It was the predecessor of the modern Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).


title: Karl Schlechta

paragraphs: Karl Schlechta (28 January 1922 – 5 September 2016) was an Austrian football player and coach.

paragraphs: He played for Austria Wien, Sturm Graz and Rapid Wien.

paragraphs: Schlechta died on 5 September 2016 at the age of 94.


title: Hilmar Thate

paragraphs: Hilmar Otto Thate (17 April 1931 – 14 September 2016) was a German actor. He appeared in 40 movies and television shows between 1955 and 2016. Thate was born in Dölau, Saalkreis, Germany.

paragraphs: He was known for his role as Robert Krohn in the 1982 movie "Veronika Voss".

paragraphs: Thate died on 14 September 2016 in Berlin at the age of 85.


title: Julius Malema

paragraphs: Julius Malema is a South African Politician who serves as Leader of the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF).


title: Gunnar Sandgren

paragraphs: Gunnar Ernst Algot Sandgren (27 June 1929 – 4 November 2016) was a Swedish novelist and playwright. He made his literary debut in 1960, with the novel "Förklaringsberget". He later wrote a series of historical novels. He was awarded the Dobloug Prize in 1981.

paragraphs: Sandgren died on 4 November 2016 at the age of 87.


title: Larkspur, California

paragraphs: Larkspur is a city of Marin County in the state of California, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city's population was 11,926.


title: Belvedere, California

paragraphs: Belvedere is a city of Marin County in the state of California, United States. The population was 2,068 at the 2010 census.


title: Sausalito, California

paragraphs: Sausalito is a city in Marin County, California. The population was 7,061 as of the 2010 census.

paragraphs: Sausalito is about south-southeast of San Rafael, 4 miles (7 km) north of San Francisco.


title: Corte Madera, California

paragraphs: Corte Madera (; formerly Adams) is an incorporated town in Marin County, California, United States. The population was 9,253 at the 2010 census.

paragraphs: Corte Madera is about south of San Rafael.

paragraphs: In Spanish, Corte Madera means "chopped wood". The area was famous for producing lumber out of redwood trees which went into the construction of the city of San Francisco.


title: Fairfax, California

paragraphs: Fairfax is an incorporated town in Marin County, California, United States. The population was 7,441 at the 2010 census.

paragraphs: Fairfax is about west-northwest of San Rafael.


title: San Anselmo, California

paragraphs: San Anselmo is an incorporated town in Marin County, California, United States. The population was 12,336 at the 2010 census.

paragraphs: San Anselmo is about west of San Rafael, and about north of San Francisco. The town is bordered by San Rafael to the east, Fairfax to the west, and Ross to the south. Mount Tamalpais dominates the view to the south.


title: Strawberry, California

paragraphs: Strawberry is a census-designated place (CDP) and an unincorporated district of Marin County, California, United States. There were 5,393 people living in Strawberry at the 2010 census.


title: François Budet

paragraphs: François Budet (3 October 1940 – 5 July 2018) was a French singer-songwriter, novelist and poet. He was known for his songs "Loguivy-de-la-mer", "" and "Calédonie". He was born in Plaine-Haute, Côtes-d'Armor.

paragraphs: Budet died on 5 July 2018 in Plaine-Haute, Côtes-d'Armor from a stroke, aged 78.


title: Amos Cardarelli

paragraphs: Amos Cardarelli (6 March 1930 – 1 July 2018) was an Italian professional footballer. He played as a defender. Cardarelli was born in Monterotondo, Italy. He played for Roma (1950–1957), Udinese (1957–1958), Internazionale (1958–1960), Lecco (1960–1962) and for Tevere Roma (1962–1963).

paragraphs: Cardarelli died on 1 July 2018 in Rome at the age of 86.


title: El Dorado, Kansas

paragraphs: El Dorado ( ) is city and county seat of Butler County, Kansas, United States. It is along the Walnut River in central Butler County in south-central Kansas. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 13,021.


title: Lawrence Irving Wilde

paragraphs: Lawrence Irving Wilde (born Yuri Boguinia, April 5, 1991), is a composer. He studied music at the Juilliard School and Princeton University. He has worked with ensembles such as the Kronos  Quartet, Eighth Blackbird, JACK Quartet, ÆON Music Ensemble,  Sō Percussion, Tesla Quartet, Aspen Music Festival Orchestra, Moscow String Quartet, Ensemble Mise-En, Juilliard Orchestra and others. In 2013 Wilde became "one of the youngest composers ever commissioned by Kronos".

paragraphs: Wilde completed his undergraduate studies at the Juilliard School where he worked with Samuel Adler and Christopher Rouse. Wilde went on to do a PhD at Princeton University where he worked with Steven Mackey, Dmitri Tymoczko and Dan Trueman. In 2015 Wilde was named a Bang on a Can Summer Festival Fellow and worked with composers David Lang, Julia Wolfe and Michael Gordon at MASS MOCA.


title: Gas turbine locomotive

paragraphs: A gas turbine locomotive is a type of railway locomotive in which the prime mover is a gas turbine. Several types of gas turbine locomotive have been developed. Some have had mechanical transmission. Others have had electric transmission.


title: Newton-le-Willows

paragraphs: Newton-le-Willows is a market town in the Metropolitan Borough of St Helens, Merseyside, England. It was historically part of Lancashire. It is midway between Liverpool and Manchester, about 15 miles (24 km) from each. It is east of St Helens, north of Warrington and south of Wigan. The population at the 2011 census was 22,114.


title: Vulcan Foundry

paragraphs: The Vulcan Foundry was a British locomotive builder sited at Newton-le-Willows, Lancashire. It opened in 1832 as Charles Tayleur and Company to produce girders for bridges, switches, crossings and other ironwork after the opening of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway. In 1832, Robert Stephenson (son of George Stephenson) became a partner. The company became The Vulcan Foundry Company in 1847 and acquired limited liability in 1864. From the beginning of 1898, the name changed to The Vulcan Foundry Limited, dropping the word 'company'. In 1957, the business became part of the English Electric group.


title: Cepheus

paragraphs: Cepheus (Ancient Greek: Κηφεύς "Kepheús") may refer to:


title: Reynolds Building

paragraphs: The Reynolds Building is a 21-floor apartment building in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. It was originally built in 1929 as an office building for the R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company. The much larger Empire State Building in New York City is based on the design of the Reynolds Building.


title: KY Cygni

paragraphs: KY Cygni is a red star in the Cygnus constellation. It is one of the largest stars known and with a radius about . If it was placed at the center of the Solar System, it would extend past the orbit of Jupiter (or Saturn). It is also one of the most luminous stars, with about 300,000 or more times the Sun's luminosity. It is about 5,000 light-years away.


title: Len Carlson

paragraphs: Len Carlson (December 07, 1945 – March 31, 2017) was a Canadian voice actor on many animated television series from the 1980s onward, an occasional live-action TV actor, and a Kraft Canada TV pitchman during the 1980s. He was a native of Edmonton and a former professional athlete.

paragraphs: He was the voice of Big Boss, Sundown and Mace on "C.O.P.S.", Ganon on "The Legend of Zelda", Senator Robert Kelly (and the Supreme Intelligence) on "X-Men" (1992), Bert Raccoon in "The Raccoons", Putter from "Popples" (and a voice director for the show from 1990 onwards), Mr. Frumble in "The Busy World of Richard Scarry", Professor Coldheart in the early "Care Bears" series by DiC Entertainment, and "Rocket Robin Hood" in some of the third-season episodes. He was also the voice of Allo and Quackpot on the TV series, "Dinosaucers" and he was the original voice of the Green Goblin in "Spider-Man the original series" (1967) and the voice of Buzz in the show "Cyberchase" (2002). Also, he was the voice of Sterling Überbucks, his brother Carling, his great grandfather Sterling Überrucks and his nephew Stewie on "Roboroach" (2002) and the title character in the short-lived "Swamp Thing" (1991) animated series.

paragraphs: He also voiced all the male characters in two animated 1970s series ("The Undersea Adventures of Captain Nemo" and "The Toothbrush Family"), was the voice of Ace the Seagull and Sharkey Shark in the children's TV series "The Waterville Gang" and did voices for movies including "The Nutcracker Prince", "", both "Rolie Polie Olie" movies ("The Baby Bot Chase" and "The Great Defender of Fun"), and reindeer voices in the live-action feature "Blizzard".

paragraphs: In his last years, Carlson was a regular on Nelvana-produced shows such as "Rolie Polie Olie", "Cyberchase", "Pecola", "Donkey Kong Country", "Medabots", "Beetlejuice", and "Beyblade" as the main antagonist Gideon (season two). Most recently, he appeared in the French-Canadian co-production "Atomic Betty", voiced the characters Hugo and Q in the video game "Street Fighter III 3rd Strike" and narrated the animated bible TV series "Friends and Heroes". He also voiced Herc Stormsailor in the 1980s show "Jayce and the Wheeled Warriors" and The Big Boss in COPS.

paragraphs: Carlson died of a heart attack in Keswick, Ontario at the age of 70, on March 24, 2017.


title: Sanchi

paragraphs: Sanchi Stupa is a memorial built in the state of Madhya Pradesh in the city of Sanchi in India. It is located north-east of Bhopal, capital of Madhya Pradesh. The Great Stupa at Sanchi is one of the oldest stone structures in India. It is an important monument of Indian Architecture. The emperor Ashoka ordered it to be built,in the 3rd century BCE. Its center was a simple dome-like brick structure built over the relics of the Buddha. It was crowned by the "chatra", a parasol-like structure symbolising high rank. This structure was intended to honour and shelter the relics. The original construction work of this stupa was overseen by Ashoka, whose wife Devi was the daughter of a merchant of nearby Vidisha. Sanchi was her birthplace as well as the place of her wedding with Ashoka. In the 1st century BCE, four elaborately carved toranas (ornamental gateways) and a balustrade encircling the entire structure were added. The Sanchi Stupa built during Mauryan period was made of bricks. The composite flourished until the 11th century.

paragraphs: Sanchi is the center of a region with a number of stupas including Satdhara (17 km from Sanchi, 40 stupas, the Relics of Sariputra and Mahamoggallana, now enshrined in the new Vihara, were unearthed there), Morel Khurd (on a fortified hilltop with 60 stupas), Andher (17 km NE of Vidisha), Mawas, Sonari etc. all within a few miles of Sanchi.


title: Roundabout

paragraphs: A roundabout (also known as a traffic island) is a road circle joining three or more roads. Drivers follow a simple rule to avoid crashes.

paragraphs: The driver goes round the island in a "clockwise" direction.

paragraphs: The driver goes round the island in an "anticlockwise" direction.


title: China Railway

paragraphs: China Railway, commonly known as CR, full name China Railway Corporation, undertakes railway passenger and freight transport services in the People's Republic of China. It is a state-owned industrial enterprise established under the "Law of the People's Republic of China on All-Ownership Industrial Enterprises." The Ministry of Finance acts on behalf of the State Council to perform the duties of investors. China Railway operates passenger and freight transport through 21 companies.


title: Bengali script

paragraphs: The Bengali script or Bengali alphabet is used to write the Indian languages: Bengali (বাংলা), Assamese (অসমীয়া).


title: Alcubierre drive

paragraphs: The Alcubierre drive or Alcubierre warp drive is an idea for a faster-than-light travel engine. The Mexican theoretical physicist Miguel Alcubierre created this idea using Albert Einstein's field equations in general relativity. The main principle of this idea is by creating an energy-density field lower than that of a vacuum (that is, negative mass) to make the space in front of the ship contract and the space behind the ship expand. In theory, this would create a bubble in space-time around the craft, allowing it to stay still while the space around it moves. This would effectively avoid breaking Einstein's rule that no object in our universe may go as fast or faster than the speed of light, while still allowing an object to go to another very distant part of space much faster than light.


title: Ali Qanso

paragraphs: Ali Khalil Kanso (1948 – 4 July 2018) was a Lebanese politician. He was Minister of State for Parliamentary Affairs in the second cabinet of Saad Hariri. He was the president of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party and he served as minister of state in Najib Mikati government and minister of labor in the cabinet of Rafik Hariri. He was born in Doueir.

paragraphs: Qanso died of cancer on 4 July 2018 at the age of 70.


title: Last Week Tonight with John Oliver

paragraphs: Last Week Tonight with John Oliver is an American late-night talk and news comedy television program hosted by comedian John Oliver.

paragraphs: The half-hour-long show premiered on Sunday, April 27, 2014, on HBO. "Last Week Tonight" is like Comedy Central's "The Daily Show" as it takes a satirical look at news, politics and current events, but on a weekly basis.

paragraphs: In September 2017, HBO announced that the show had been renewed for three additional seasons of 30 episodes each, keeping the show on the air through 2020. The fifth season premiered on February 18, 2018.


title: Vlatko Ilievski

paragraphs: Vlatko Ilievski (; 2 July 1985 – 6 July 2018) was a Macedonian pop rock singer and actor. He was the runner-up to be the Macedonian entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 and represented Macedonia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2011 with the song "Rusinka".

paragraphs: Ilievski died on the night of 6 July 2018 when his body was found in his automobile on the street "Third Macedonian Brigade" in Skopje, aged 33.


title: William Dunlop (motorcyclist)

paragraphs: William Dunlop (23 July 1985 – 7 July 2018) was a Northern Irish professional motorcycle racer. He was part of a motorcycle racing dynasty. Dunlop was the elder brother of Michael. His best results at the Isle of Man TT saw him securing two second place finishes, the last being in the 2016 TT Zero.

paragraphs: Until late 2015, Dunlop had raced for Tyco BMW Motorrad Racing campaigning the BMW S1000RR and a Suzuki GSX-R600. The 2016 season saw him competing at the main International Road Races aboard Yamaha YZF-R1 and Yamaha YZF-R6 in the Superbike and Supersport categories.

paragraphs: Dunlop was killed in a motorcyle crash during practice at the 2018 Skerries 100 Road Races in County Dublin, aged 32.


title: Tyler Honeycutt

paragraphs: Tyler Deon Honeycutt (July 15, 1990 – July 7, 2018) was an American professional basketball player. He was born in Los Angeles, California.

paragraphs: Honeycutt played college basketball for the UCLA Bruins. Honeycutt was selected by the Sacramento Kings in the second round of the 2011 NBA draft. He played for the Kings for two seasons and in 2013 moved to Europe, where he played for EuroLeague clubs Khimki and Anadolu Efes.

paragraphs: On the night of July 6, 2018, Honeycutt's mother called the police and reported that Honeycutt had been acting violently. When police arrived they found that he had blocked the entrance to his Sherman Oaks home before shooting at them. He was later found dead, aged 27, inside the house after shooting himself.


title: Rigoberta Menchú

paragraphs: Rigoberta Menchú Tum (; born 9 January 1959) is a Guatemalan political and human rights activist. Menchú is known for her life to publicizing the rights of Guatemala's indigenous feminists during and after the Guatemalan Civil War (1960–1996), and to promoting indigenous rights in the country.

paragraphs: She received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1992 and the Prince of Asturias Award in 1998. Menchú is a UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador. She has also become a figure in indigenous political parties and ran for President of Guatemala in 2007 and 2011.


title: Jim Morrison (ice hockey)

paragraphs: James Stewart Hunter Morrison (born October 11, 1931) is a Canadian-American retired professional ice hockey defenceman, coach and scout. He was born in Montreal, Quebec. He played 704 National Hockey League games for the Boston Bruins, Toronto Maple Leafs, Detroit Red Wings, New York Rangers and Pittsburgh Penguins.


title: Hacène Lalmas

paragraphs: Hacène Lalmas (12 March 1943 – 7 July 2018) was an Algerian footballer. He played as a midfielder and was nicknamed El Kebch (The Ram). Lalmas was born in Algiers, Algeria. He played for OM Ruisseau from 1954 to 1962, CR Belouizdad from 1962 to 1973, NA Hussein Dey from 1973 to 1975 and for Algeria national football team from 1963 to 1974.

paragraphs: Lalmas died in Algiers on 7 July 2018 from an aortic dissection at the age of 75.


title: Levko Lukyanenko

paragraphs: Levko Hryhorovych Lukyanenko (, sometimes written as Levko Lukianenko, 24 August 1928 – 7 July 2018) was a Ukrainian politician and Soviet dissident. He was Hero of Ukraine. He was one of the founders of Ukrainian Helsinki Group in 1976 and was elected a leader of the revived Ukrainian Helsinki Group, Ukrainian Helsinki Association, in 1988.

paragraphs: Lukyanenko served as the People's Deputy of Ukraine from 1990 to 1992 and as Ambassador to Canada from 1992 to 1993. In 1991, he ran for President of Ukraine.

paragraphs: Lukyanenko died in a Kiev hospital on 7 July 2018 from complications of pneumonia, aged 89.


title: Henry Louis Gates Jr.

paragraphs: Henry Louis "Skip" Gates Jr. (born September 16, 1950) is an American literary critic, teacher, historian, filmmaker and public intellectual. He currently serves as the Alphonse Fletcher University Professor and Director of the Hutchins Center for African and African American Research at Harvard University. Gates has been host for four seasons of the series "Finding Your Roots" on PBS.


title: Keyser, West Virginia

paragraphs: Keyser () is a city in and the county seat of Mineral County, West Virginia, United States. The population was 5,439 at the 2010 census.


title: Cottageville, South Carolina

paragraphs: Cottageville is a town in Colleton County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 762 at the 2010 census.

paragraphs: According to the United States Census Bureau, Cottageville has a total area of , all land.


title: 2018–19 Russian Premier League

paragraphs: The 2018–19 Russian Premier League (Russian: Чемпионат России по футболу 2018/2019, "Chempionat Rossii po futbolu 2018/2019") will be the 17th Russian Premier League season, and the 27th top division football tournament. It will be played from 29 July 2018 to 26 May 2019. Lokomotiv Moscow are the defending champions.


title: FC Yenisey Krasnoyarsk

paragraphs: FC Yenisey Krasnoyarsk (Russian: ФК Енисей Красноярск) is a football club from Krasnoyarsk, Russia. The team currently plays in the Russian Premier League. The club was founded in 1937 as "Lokomotiv Krasnoyarsk".

paragraphs: They currently play at the Central Stadium, which has a capacity of around 22,500 people.

paragraphs: The current head coach is Dmitri Alenichev.

paragraphs: Yenisey Krasnoyarsk was promoted to the Russian Premier League after defeating Anzhi Makhachkala in the relegation play-offs. This is the first time the club will play in the Russian Premier League.


title: Pumpuang Duangjan

paragraphs: Pumpuang Duangjan () (-) was a superstars singers from Thailand . She born in the poor farmers, Pumpuang had only two years of primary education before her family's plight forced her to take to the fields as a sugar cane cutter. Although illiterate, she was adept at memorising lyrics and participated in many local singing competitions. At age 15, she came to the notice of a visiting band, and from the late 1970s onwards her fame skyrocketed.

paragraphs: She died by Lupus in June 13, 1992, age 30 years.


title: UEFA Euro 2024

paragraphs: The UEFA Euro 2024 (officially the 2024 UEFA European Football Championship) will be the 17th UEFA European Football Championship tournament. It will be held in Germany.

paragraphs: The host was announced on 27 September 2018. The host will be Germany. Turkey was a potential host for the tournament. Germany previously hosted the Euro 1988, while Turkey has never hosted a UEFA European Football Championship tournament. Germany selected these 10 host cities to be used for the tournament: Berlin, Cologne, Dortmund, Düsseldorf, Frankfurt, Gelsenkirchen, Hamburg, Leipzig, Munich, and Stuttgart. Turkey selected these 9 host cities: Ankara, Antalya, Bursa, Eskişehir, Gaziantep, Istanbul, İzmit, Konya, and Trabzon.

paragraphs: Below are the results of the UEFA Executive Committee's vote between Germany and Turkey:

paragraphs: The Danish Football Association wanted to join forces with Sweden, Norway, and Finland to host the tournament. However, all four countries decided not to on 28 February 2017. Estonia also wanted to host the tournament together with Russia. The Netherlands also showed interest in hosting the tournament. However, none of these countries submitted their bid before the 3 March 2017 deadline, so Germany or Turkey will host the tournament.


title: 2015 Canadian federal election

paragraphs: The 2015 Canadian federal election (formally the 42nd Canadian general election) was held on October 19, 2015, to elect members to the House of Commons of the 42nd Canadian Parliament and the Prime Minister of Canada. The 2015 election were issued by Governor General David Johnston on August 4.

paragraphs: The election was one of the longest in Canadian history. It was also the first time since the 1979 election that a Prime Minister attempted to remain in office into a fourth consecutive Parliament and the first time since the 1980 election that someone attempted to win a fourth term of any kind as Prime Minister.

paragraphs: The Liberal Party, led by Justin Trudeau, won 184 seats, allowing it to form a majority government with Trudeau becoming the next Prime Minister. Trudeau was sworn in on November 4, 2015.


title: Thomas Mulcair

paragraphs: Thomas Joseph Mulcair (born October 24, 1954) is a Canadian-French politician. He was the leader of the New Democratic Party of Canada from 2012 to 2017. He is a Member of Parliament for the riding of Outremont in Quebec from 2007-2018. He was selected as the leader of the NDP at a leadership election on March 24, 2012, on the fourth ballot. He then was Leader of the Official Opposition until the NDP lost just over half of its seats in the 2015 federal election. Following the election, a leadership review was held and Mulcair lost it, and was replaced by Jagmeet Singh. He then resigned his seat as Member of Parliament in August 2018.


title: 2026 FIFA World Cup

paragraphs: The 2026 FIFA World Cup will be the 23rd FIFA World Cup tournament. It will be hosted in Canada, Mexico, and the United States. This is the first time three countries will host the tournament.


title: Gilles Duceppe

paragraphs: Gilles Duceppe (; born July 22, 1947) is a Canadian politician. He was leader of the Québec sovereignty movement and former leader of the Bloc Québécois. He was a Member of Parliament in the House of Commons of Canada for over 20 years and has been the leader of the sovereigntist Bloc Québécois for 15 years in three stints: 1996, 1997-2011 and in 2015.

paragraphs: He resigned as party leader after the 2011 election, in which he lost his own seat to New Democratic Party (NDP) candidate Hélène Laverdière and his party suffered a heavy defeat; however, he returned four years later to lead the party into the 2015 election. After being defeated in his own riding by Laverdière again, he resigned once more.


title: Elizabeth May

paragraphs: Elizabeth Evans May (born June 9, 1954) is an American-born Canadian politician. May was leader of the Green Party of Canada and Member of Parliament for Saanich—Gulf Islands. She is an environmentalist, author, activist, and lawyer, May served as the Executive Director of the Sierra Club of Canada from 1989 to 2006.

paragraphs: On May 2, 2011, she became the first member of the Green Party of Canada to be elected as a Member of Parliament.

paragraphs: May ran for re-election in the 2015 federal election in the riding of Saanich–Gulf Islands and was successful in regaining her seat in Parliament. After the 2015 election, she was the only Green Party member in the House of Commons. This changed on May 6, 2019, when Paul Manly was elected. Manly became the second Green Party member in the House of Commons.


title: 2019 Canadian federal election

paragraphs: The 2019 Canadian federal election (formally the 43rd Canadian general election) took place on October 21, 2019.


title: Andrew Scheer

paragraphs: Andrew James Scheer (born May 20, 1979) is a Canadian politician. He was the Member of Parliament (MP) for the riding of Regina—Qu'Appelle since 2004. Between 2017 and 2020, he was the Leader of the Conservative Party and Leader of the Official Opposition.

paragraphs: Scheer was selected to the riding of Regina—Qu'Appelle at the age of 25. Scheer was reelected in 2006, 2008 and 2011 before becoming the Speaker of the House of Commons at age 32, making him the youngest Speaker in the chamber's history.

paragraphs: On September 28, 2016, Scheer announced his bid for the leadership of the Conservative Party, running under the slogan “Real conservative. Real leader.” He won the leadership position on May 27, 2017.

paragraphs: On 12 December 2019, Scheer announced he would be resigning as the leader of the Conservative Party effective upon the election of a new one.

paragraphs: Scheer was elected for the first time in the 2004 election. He was elected in the riding of Regina—Qu'Appelle for the Conservative Party. With that election, he beat the New Democratic Party MP Lorne Lystrom. He won by over 800 votes. He was elected again in the 2006 election. He beat Lystrom again by 2740 votes.


title: Mario Beaulieu

paragraphs: Mario Beaulieu (; born 1959) is a Québécois nationalist. He was the interim leader (until 2019), president (2014–2019) and was also leader (2014–2015) of the Bloc Québécois. He was the president of the sovereigntist Société Saint-Jean-Baptiste of Montreal from 2009 to 2014, and has been the spokesman for the Mouvement Québec français.


title: Rhéal Fortin

paragraphs: Rhéal Éloi Fortin () is a Canadian lawyer and politician. He is the spokesperson of the Groupe parlementaire québécois in the House of Commons of Canada. He served as interim leader of the Bloc Québécois after the resignation of leader Gilles Duceppe until the next leader, Martine Ouellet was named on March 18, 2017.

paragraphs: Fortin was named interim leader of the Bloc Québécois on October 22, 2015 following the resignation of Gilles Duceppe as leader after Duceppe was unable to win his seat in the October 19, 2015 federal election.


title: Wahbi Khazri

paragraphs: Wahbi Khazri (; born 8 February 1991 in Ajaccio) is a Tunisian professional football player who currently plays for Sunderland and the Tunisia national team. He plays as a midfielder and a winger.

paragraphs: He has also played for SC Bastia, Girondins de Bordeaux, and Stade Rennais. He played in the 2018 FIFA World Cup for Tunisia, and he scored two goals.


title: Québec debout

paragraphs: Québec debout (Translation: "Quebec Standing Up, or Quebec Stand Up"), formerly the Groupe parlementaire québécois (Translation: "Quebec Parliamentary Group") is a Quebec-based parliamentary group in the House of Commons of Canada that is in the process of registering as a political party. The group does not have a party leader but named Rhéal Fortin as its spokesperson on March 21, 2018.

paragraphs: The "Groupe parlementaire québécois" was formed on February 28, 2018 by seven Members of Parliament (MPs) who resigned from the caucus of the Bloc Québécois (BQ) due to their opposition to the leadership of Martine Ouellet.

paragraphs: In September 2018, Rheal Fortin and the rest of Quebec Debout rejoined the Bloc Quebecois.


title: 2016 Austrian presidential election

paragraphs: Presidential elections were held in Austria on 24 April 2016, with a second round run-off on 22 May 2016. However, the results of the second round were annulled and a re-vote took place on 4 December 2016.

paragraphs: The President of Austria is directly elected by the people once every six years. The election is held under a two-round system; if no candidate receives more than 50% of votes cast in the first round, then a second ballot occurs in which only those two candidates who received the greatest number of votes in the first round may stand.

paragraphs: Incumbent President Heinz Fischer had served two terms and was not eligible to be elected for a third successive term.

paragraphs: In the first round of the election, Norbert Hofer of the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) received the most votes. Alexander Van der Bellen, a member of the Austrian Greens ran as an independent, placed second. Since no candidate received a majority of the vote, Hofer and Van der Bellen went head-to-head in the second round in May. This was the first time since World War II that an Austrian president had not been backed by either the People's or the Social Democratic party. During the run-off, Van der Bellen defeated Hofer on 23 May 2016 after the postal ballots had been counted.

paragraphs: On 22 July, the results of the second round of voting were annulled after the results in 20 of the 117 administrative districts were challenged, and the Constitutional Court of Austria found that Austrian electoral law had been disregarded in 14 of them. The Court found that over 77,900 absentee votes were counted too early, however without any signs of votes having been cheated. The second round re-vote was planned on 2 October, but was postponed to 4 December 2016.

paragraphs: Van der Bellen ultimately won the second round re-vote with 53.8% of the vote and a voter turnout of 74.2%. Hofer announced his defeat in the race to Van der Bellen when the result had become apparent shortly after polls closed. Van der Bellen was sworn in as the twelfth president of Austria on 26 January 2017.


title: Norbert Hofer

paragraphs: Norbert Gerwald Hofer (; born 2 March 1971) is an Austrian politician. He is a member of the Freedom Party (FPÖ) and since 18 December 2017. He was the Third President of the National Council from 2013 to 2017.

paragraphs: Hofer was a candidate for President of Austria in the 2016 election. He received the plurality of votes, 35% as opposed to 21% of rival Alexander Van der Bellen, in the first round. The much closer results of the second round of voting (49.7%/50.3%) were annulled by the Constitutional Court due to voting irregularities affecting nearly 78,000 votes, requiring the election to be re-held. In the re-run on 4 December 2016 he received 46% of the vote and lost the election to Van der Bellen.


title: Russian Women's Football Championship

paragraphs: The Russian Women's Football Championship (Russian: Чемпионат России по футболу среди женщин, "Chempionat Rossii po Futbolu credi zhenshchin") is the women's top division football league in Russia. The current champions are Zvezda Perm. Zvezda Perm has also won the most titles. The tournament was created in 1992.

paragraphs: Below is a list of all the clubs that are playing in the 2018 season.

paragraphs: Below is a table showing the overall results of all the teams.


title: Spanish general election, 2016

paragraphs: The 2016 Spanish general election was held on Sunday, 26 June 2016, to elect the 12th Cortes Generales of the Kingdom of Spain. All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as 208 of 266 seats in the Senate.

paragraphs: Opinion polling going into the election predicted a growing polarisation between this alliance and the People's Party (PP), which would be fighting to maintain first place nationally.

paragraphs: In the end, the alliance suffered a surprise decline in votes and vote share compared to the previous election, while the PP increased its number of votes and seats. The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), while clinging on to second place, kept losing votes and seats and scored a new historical low.

paragraphs: Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy was re-elected as Prime Minister for a second term in office on 29 October amid public outcry and protest.


title: Pablo Iglesias Turrión

paragraphs: Pablo Manuel Iglesias Turrión, known as either Pablo Iglesias or Pablo Iglesias Turrión (; born 17 October 1978) is a Spanish politician. He has been the Secretary-General of Podemos since 2014.

paragraphs: He was a lecturer in political science at the Complutense University of Madrid. He was elected to the European Parliament in the 2014 elections as the leading candidate of the newly formed party Podemos, along with four other members of his party.

paragraphs: Iglesias hosts the internet programs "La Tuerka" and "Fort Apache", and appears in Spanish political TV shows.

paragraphs: On 27 October 2015 he resigned his seat in the European Parliament in order to focus on the campaign for the 2015 Spanish general election and Spanish general election, 2016.


title: Albert Rivera

paragraphs: Alberto Carlos Rivera Díaz (born 15 November 1979) is a Spanish lawyer and politician. He has been the leader of Citizens since July 2006 and placed fourth in the 2016 general election. He is a member of the Congress of Deputies and a former member of the Parliament of Catalonia.


title: Gabriel Rufián

paragraphs: Gabriel Rufián Romero (born 8 February 1982) is a Spanish politician and activist. In the Spanish general election, 2015 and 2016 he led the Republican Left of Catalonia, a pro-independence electoral party. He is also a member of the secretariat of the Assemblea Nacional Catalana and a member of Súmate, two other pro-independence groups.

paragraphs: In the 2016 general election, he was elected to the Congress of Deputies for the constituency of Barcelona. The presence of Rufián in the ERC list has been suggested to be a case of tokenism.


title: Francesc Homs Molist

paragraphs: Francesc Homs Molist (born 5 September 1969) is a Spanish politician. He was born in Barcelona. He served as Minister of the Presidency and Spokesperson of the Government of Catalonia. He ran in the 2016 general election, but came in last place.

paragraphs: He was a member of the Parliament of Catalonia from 2003 to 2010. He was writer of the draft of the new Statute of Catalonia on behalf of Convergència i Unió (CiU), and speaker of the new Statute (2006).


title: Tham Luang cave rescue

paragraphs: The Tham Luang cave rescue involved the rescue of twelve boys aged 11 to 16 and a 25-year-old man who became stranded in Tham Luang Nang Non (; "Great Cave of the Sleeping Lady"), a cave in Thailand's Chiang Rai Province on 23 June 2018. Heavy rains flooded the cave during their visit. The boys – all members of a local association football team – and their assistant coach were reported missing a few hours later, and search operations began immediately.

paragraphs: The rescue effort expanded into a massive operation. After struggles through narrow passages and muddy waters, British divers discovered the missing people, all alive, on an elevated rock about from the cave mouth, on 2 July, over nine days after they went missing. To leave the cave, they may need to learn to dive or wait months for the floodwater to drop in a few months

paragraphs: Over 1,000 people have been involved in the rescue operation, including Thai Navy Seals as well as volunteers, teams and technical assistance from multiple countries A 38-year-old former Thai Navy Seal died while attempting to return after delivering supplies of air to the cave on 5 July.


title: Smart casual

paragraphs: Smart casual is a dress code that is neat yet casual. Oxford defines it as "neat, conventional, yet relatively informal in style, especially as worn to conform to a particular dress code". "Business casual" is another similar term. It suggests some formality, not really casual in fact.

paragraphs: Different localities, kinds of events, contexts, or cultures have varying interpretations of the dress code. If one works in California the clothes worn in Manhattan might seem out of place. If one works in a university, the clothes worn in banks might seem formal. And certainly there are big differences between the clothes worn in different countries.


title: 2018 Russian Championship (women's football)

paragraphs: The 2018 Russian Women's Football Championship (Russian: Чемпионат России по футболу среди женщин 2018) is the 27th Russian Women's Football Championship season. It is being played from 21 April 2018 to 23 October 2018. The defending champions are Zvezda Perm.


title: Zvezda-2005 Perm

paragraphs: Zvezda-2005 Perm (Russian: Звезда-2005 Пермь) is a professional women's football club from Perm, Russia. The club currently plays in the Russian Women's Football Championship. Zvezda Perm is the most successful team in the tournament, having won 6 titles.

paragraphs: The team was founded in 2005 and is named after the men's team, Zvezda Perm, which was dissolved in 1997. Zvezda Perm reached the final of the 2008–09 UEFA Women's Cup, but lost to FCR Duisburg. Their best performance in the Champions League was in 2010–11 when they reached the quarter-finals.


title: Nadezhda Smirnova

paragraphs: Nadezhda Smirnova (Russian: Надежда Смирнова; born on 22 February 1996 in Sergiyev Posad) is a Russian professional football player who currently plays for CSKA Moscow and the Russian national team.

paragraphs: She played for Russia in the UEFA Women's Euro 2017. She has also played for Rossiyanka, and Zorky Krasnogorsk.


title: Crewe Works

paragraphs: Crewe railway works is a British railway engineering facility built in 1840 by the Grand Junction Railway. It is located in the town of Crewe, in Cheshire. It is currently owned by Bombardier Transportation. At its height, Crewe Works employed over 20,000 people. In 2005 fewer than 1,000 remained on site, with a further 270 redundancies announced in November 2005. More cutbacks, or even closure, are possible. Current work is largely focused on general maintenance and the inspection of seriously damaged rolling stock. Much of the site once occupied by the works has been sold off and is now occupied by a supermarket, leisure park, and a large new health centre.


title: Plane wave

paragraphs: In physics, a plane wave'" or "planewave is a wave with wavefronts that are parallel planes.


title: EPROM

paragraphs: An EPROM (rarely EROM), or erasable programmable read-only memory, is a type of memory chip. Unlike a normal programmable read-only memory (PROM), this type of chip can have its information cleared and written again.

paragraphs: EPROMs are cleared by shining ultraviolet light on the clear opening on their top. Some EPROMs can be cleared using only electricity instead of needing ultraviolet light. These are called EEPROMs (standing for electrically erasable programmable read-only memory).


title: Charles Augustin White

paragraphs: Charles Augustin White (born June 21, 1992), known professionally as Charles Boguinia, is a composer, music educator, pianist, guitarist, songwriter and record producer. He is the guitarist and songwriter of the pop-rock/electronic dance music group House of Faces. He studied music at the Mannes School of Music - The New School, and NYU Steinhardt. He has worked and performed with groups such as the Kronos Quartet, BBC Singers, JACK Quartet, Moscow String Quartet, Sō Percussion, and the ÆON Music Ensemble. His music has been performed at Carnegie Hall, Steinway Hall, Symphony Space, Le Poisson Rouge, Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, and others.

paragraphs: Charles become a musician by the most unlikely path, a path started when he joined public middle school orchestra to learn violin in Boulder, Colorado. He was about six years old when his mother Vivien Wilde (born Natalia Boguinia) made a fortuitous decision to come to the United States from Russia in hopes of a better life for herself and her two sons. His mother's strong and dynamic character influenced his outlook on life. Lawrence and Charles had already shown early aptitude in art and music. Charles had the best sibling rivalry with his older brother, being best friends and musical collaborators, spurring each other to be the best at everything they attempt, and to fear nothing. During their early school days, the older would lead the younger into a variety of pursuits but would stay ahead in the learning curve because he started things one year ahead. Starting piano lessons at the exact same time gave Charles inspiration and drive to become better than his brother, excelling in piano.

paragraphs: Charles attended the Interlochen Center for the Arts on full scholarship, a boarding arts high school in Michigan, where he studied piano performance. After graduating from Interlochen, he became one to youngest recipients of the Music Academy of the West Fellowship and attended the Music Academy of the West, in Santa Barbara were he worked with Jerome Lowenthal, chair of the piano department at the Juilliard School in New York City. Charles then began his undergraduate degree at the University of Southern California, after living in Los Angeles for a year, he moved to New York City and continued his undergraduate studies at The New School, Mannes School of Music. At Mannes Charles studied piano with renowned pianist Vladimir Feltsman, who only accepts two or three students every year. Upon completing his undergraduate studies, Charles went on to complete his Masters Degree in Composition and Music Theory at the New York University - Steinhardt. At NYU he studied composition with American composer Julia Wolfe and Tae Hong Park.

paragraphs: As a pianist, Charles is an avid performer of new music and has commissioned many works; including a premiere a harpsichord concert by French Composer Jules Matton at Carnegie Hall. He is also deeply rooted in the classical tradition and regularly performs the standard piano repertoire. In 2018 he released Volume 1 of the Complete Mozart Piano Sonatas. He regularly performs at summer festivals, most recently including TIHMS - The International Holland Music Sessions, the Royal Danish Academy of Music and the Gijon International Piano Festival, the Bowdoin International Music Festival, the Sarasota Music Festival, Music Academy of the West, Tanglewood Music Festival and others.

paragraphs: Charles is a founding director of the ÆON Music Ensemble, a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization which he and his brother Lawrence, established in 2013. The ÆON Music Ensemble is a new music ensemble composed of young musicians from the leading conservatories in Manhattan; The Juilliard School, Mannes School of Music, The New School and the Manhattan School of Music. The ensemble is dedicated to presenting original and captivating performances of classical and contemporary music through relevant, intimate and bold concert experiences.

paragraphs: After working with Professor Jeffrey Sachs and organizing the "Music for a Sustainable Planet Concert" with the Columbia Earth Institute and the United Nations Sustainable Solutions Network, Charles launched the annual "Music for a Sustainable Planet Concert" which facilitates and showcases positive change through the energy and creativity of the arts. The "Music for a Sustainable Planet Concert" concert series raises of the recently adopted Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by advocating for the application of the arts as an instrument for change, and embraces the social function of art, viewing it as a profound reflection of society and a powerful means of achieving sustainability.


title: Sainte-Croix-en-Plaine

paragraphs: Sainte-Croix-en-Plaine is a commune. It is found in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France.


title: Coalville, Utah

paragraphs: Coalville is a city in Utah in the United States. It is the county seat of Summit County.


title: Friendswood, Texas

paragraphs: Friendswood is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.


title: Dickinson, Texas

paragraphs: Dickinson is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.


title: Time in Vietnam

paragraphs: Vietnam observes Indochina Time (ICT) (UTC+07:00) and does not observe daylight saving time.


title: Oroville, California

paragraphs: Oroville is a city in California. It is the county seat of Butte County. The population was 15,506 at the 2010 census, up from 13,004 in the 2000 census.

paragraphs: Oroville is thought to be the gateway to Lake Oroville and Feather River recreational areas.


title: Leavenworth, Washington

paragraphs: Leavenworth is a city in Chelan County, Washington, United States. The population was 1,965 at the 2010 census.

paragraphs: The entire town center is modeled on a Bavarian village.


title: Davis, West Virginia

paragraphs: Davis is a town in Tucker County, West Virginia, along the Blackwater River. The population was 660 at the 2010 census.


Oroville


title: Oroville, Washington

paragraphs: Oroville is a city in the northern bulk of the Okanagan Highlands in north-central Washington, United States. Oroville is a member municipality of Okanogan County, Washington, between Omak and Penticton. The population was 1,686 at the 2010 census.


title: La Marque, Texas

paragraphs: La Marque ( ) is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. The population was 14,509 at the 2010 census.


title: Bozeman, Montana

paragraphs: Bozeman is a city in and the seat of Gallatin County, Montana, United States. It is located in southwest Montana. In the 2010 census put Bozeman's population at 37,280 and by 2016 the population rose to 45,250, making it the fourth largest city in Montana.

paragraphs: Bozeman is home to Montana State University. The local newspaper is the "Bozeman Daily Chronicle", and the city is served by Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport.

paragraphs: Points of interest are the Museum of the Rockies and Bridger Bowl Ski Area.


title: Butte, Montana

paragraphs: Butte is a city in, and the county seat of Silver Bow County, Montana, United States. The city covers . In the 2010 census, has a population of around 36,400, making it Montana's fifth largest city.

paragraphs: It is served by Bert Mooney Airport with airport code BTM. Butte is home to Montana Technological University.


title: Kalispell, Montana

paragraphs: Kalispell (ˈkæl əˌspɛl, ˌkæl əˈspɛl) is a city in, and the county seat of Flathead County, Montana, United States. The 2015 Census estimates put Kalispell's population at 22,052.

paragraphs: The name Kalispell is a Salish word meaning "flat land above the lake". Kalispell is also the gateway to Glacier National Park. Flathead Lake is nearby.


title: Plungė

paragraphs: Plungė is a city in Lithuania. It has a population of 18,904 people.

paragraphs: Before World War II, Plungė had a large Jewish population.


title: Jonah Falcon

paragraphs: Jonah Adam Falcon (born July 29, 1970) is an American actor and television presenter. He is best known for the size of his penis, which he attests to be 9.5" long when flaccid, and 13.5" long when erect.


title: Doncaster Works

paragraphs: Doncaster railway works is a plant in Doncaster, South Yorkshire, England. When it was set up by the Great Northern Railway in 1853, it replaced the previous works in Boston and Peterborough.

paragraphs: Until 1867 it did only repairs and maintenance. In 1866, Patrick Stirling was appointed as Locomotive Superintendent, and the first of the 875 class was built in 1886. At this time the works also began building new coaches. In 1873 they built the first sleeping cars; in 1879 the first dining cars in the United Kingdom; and in 1882 the first corridor coaches. In 1891, 99 locomotives, 181 carriages and 1493 wagons were built.

paragraphs: In 1957, the last of over two thousand steam locomotives was built. Carriage building finished in 1962. The works was modernised with the addition of a diesel locomotive repair shop. Under BREL, new diesel shunters and 25 kV electric locomotives were built, also Class 56 and Class 58 diesel locomotives. In July 2003 the works celebrated its 150th anniversary with an open weekend.

paragraphs: Owners Wabtec closed the train engine plant in 2007. In early 2008 the main locomotive repair shop was demolished to make way for housing. Wabtec still does passenger fleet refurbishment at the Doncaster site.


title: BR Standard Class 9F

paragraphs: The BR Standard Class 9F 2-10-0 is a class of steam locomotive designed for British Railways by Robert Riddles. The Class 9F was the last in a series of standardised locomotive classes designed for British Railways during the 1950s. It was intended for use on fast, heavy freight trains over long distances. It was one of the most powerful steam locomotive types ever constructed in Britain, and successfully performed its intended duties. The class earned a nickname of 'Spaceships', due to its size and shape. They were numbered 92000–92250.


title: Italian Mogadiscio

paragraphs: Mogadiscio was the name of Mogadishu, capital of Somalia, when was under Italy's rule from 1905 until 1947.

paragraphs: The ancient city of Mogadishu was under Italian colonial rule/influence for nearly seventy years, from the 1880s until after the end of WW2. In 1905 was declared capital of the newly created "Somalia Italiana".

paragraphs: The first Italian to write about Mogadiscio was Marco Polo, who knew of the city during his merchant travels in Asia. But only in the late XIX century the commerce company "Filonardi" from Italy took control of facilities in the port of Mogadishu.

paragraphs: By 1882, Mogadishu was under the joint control of the Somali Geledi Sultanate (which was also holding sway over the Shebelle Valley region in the interior called Benadir) and the Omani Sultan of Zanzibar. In 1885, Ali bin Said]] leased the city to an Italian chartered company owned by Vincenzo Filonardi. This "Compagnia Filonardi" (1893-96) and later the "Società Anonima Commerciale Italiana del Benadir" (1899-1905) was finally taken by the Italian government, that obtained the control of the entire region of Benadir with the port of Mogadishu through an agreement with the British government in 1892. From 3 August 1889 to 15 May 1893 Filonardi was the first Governor of the "Somalia italiana" (he was governor again from 1896 to 1897).

paragraphs: The Kingdom of Italy purchased the city in 1905 and made Mogadishu the capital of the newly established Italian Somaliland. The Italians subsequently referred to the city as "Mogadiscio".

paragraphs: The city was soon modernized in the early 1910s with the creation of the first sewage system, the first hospital, the first paved roads and the new electricity facilities. In the 1920s the Italians created the first airport and enlarged the "Port of Mogadishu".

paragraphs: From 5 April 1908 to 5 May 1936, the Royal Corps of Somali Colonial Troops ("Regio corpo truppe coloniali della Somalia Italiana"), originally called the "Guard Corps of Benadir", served as the territory's formal military corps with headquarters in Mogadiscio. At the start of its establishment, the force had 2,600 Italian officers. Between 1911 and 1912, over 1,000 Somalis from Mogadishu served as combat units along with Eritrean and Italian soldiers in the Italo-Turkish War. Most of the troops stationed never returned home until they were transferred back to Italian Somaliland in preparation for the Second Italo-Ethiopian War in 1935.

paragraphs: In November 1920, the Banca d'Italia, the first modern bank in Italian Somaliland, was established in Mogadishu.

paragraphs: On December 5, 1923, Cesare Maria De Vecchi was named Governor in charge of the new colonial administration and promoted the process of complete pacification of the Somalia italiana, with the initial integration of the native population. Italian colonial policy followed two principles in Italian Somaliland: preservation of the dominant clan and ethnic configurations and respect for Islam as the territory's religion.

paragraphs: In 1928, the Italian authorities built the Mogadishu Cathedral ("Cattedrale di Mogadiscio"). It was constructed in a Norman Gothic style, based on the Cefalù Cathedral in Cefalù, Sicily. Following its establishment, Crown Prince Umberto II of Italy made his first publicized visit to Mogadishu. To commemorate the visit, the Arch of Umberto was constructed. The arch was built at the center of Mogadishu Garden. The Mogadishu International Airport was constructed that same year. The facility was regarded as one of the finest in the region.

paragraphs: In the early 1930s, the new Italian Governors, Guido Corni and Maurizio Rava, started a policy of full assimilation of the Somalis. Many Somalis were enrolled in the Italian colonial troops, and thousands of Italian colonists moved to live in Mogadishu. The city grew in size and some small manufacturing companies opened up. The Italians also settled in agricultural areas around the capital, such as Jowhar and Janale ("Genale").

paragraphs: It is noteworthy to pinpoint that "Mogadiscio" was the only name of Mogadishu, the capital of Somalia, when was officially under Italy's rule from 1905 until February 1947. The only official language in those years was the Italian language.

paragraphs: In 1930, there were 22,000 Italians living in Italian Somaliland, representing 2% of the territory's population. The majority resided in the capital Mogadishu, with other Italian communities concentrated in Jowhar ("Villabruzzi"), Adale ("Itala"), Janale ("Genale"), Jamame and Kismayo. In the mid' 1930s the Italian community of Mogadishu started the first football championships in Somalia: their main team was AC Mogadiscio.

paragraphs: By 1935, Mogadishu began to serve as a major naval base and port for the Italians. Then Prime Minister of Italy Benito Mussolini regarded Greater Somalia ("La Grande Somalia") with capital Mogadiscio as the crown jewel in Italy's colonial empire in eastern Africa. Consequently, from 1936 to 1940, new roads were constructed in the region around Mogadiscio, such as the "Imperial Road" from Mogadishu to Addis Abeba. New railways (114 km from Mogadishu to Jowhar) and many schools, hospitals, ports and bridges were also built.

paragraphs: In March 1941 Mogadiscio was occupied by the British Army. After WW2, in February 1947 the Italian government signed the Peace Treaty (surrendering all colonies) and "Italian Mogadiscio" ceased to exist.

paragraphs: in 1950 the Italians returned to rule the city under mandate of the ONU for another ten years until 1960, when was declared the independence of Somalia. In the 10 years of the Italian mandate the country experience huge improvements, from economy and education to sports (for example with the creation of the first football teams, like the Genio Officina and the AC Mogadiscio.


title: BR Standard Class 7

paragraphs: The BR Standard Class 7, otherwise known as the "Britannia" Class, is a class of 4-6-2 steam locomotive designed under Robert Riddles for use by British Railways for mixed traffic duties. Fifty-five were constructed between 1951 and 1954. The design employed results from the 1948 locomotive exchanges undertaken in advance of further locomotive classes being constructed. Three batches were constructed at Crewe Works, before the publication of the 1955 Modernisation Plan. They were numbered 70000–70054.


paragraphs: The November 2008 Carolinas tornado outbreak was a natural disaster in the United States on November 15, 2008.

paragraphs: On November 14, the National Weather Service (NWS) issued a warning for severe weather during the early hours of November 15. A tornado watch was issued at 12:25 a.m. ET. The first tornado report was in South Carolina, with seven more tornadoes hitting North Carolina. The final tornado was reported at 4:36 a.m. ET and the tornado watch expired at 8:00 a.m. ET.

paragraphs: 2 fatalities were reported, including a 11-year-old boy, and six others were injured.


title: I-94 derecho

paragraphs: The I-94 derecho was a wind storm that occurred on July 19, 1983, with Minnesota and Wisconsin in its axis.

paragraphs: It began as a storm system in Montana and hit North Dakota at 7 a.m. CDT. Minot reported winds up to 70 mph.

paragraphs: The storm then moved into Minnesota. Winds up to 100 mph were recorded at the Alexandria Airport. It arrived in Minneapolis at 4 p.m. CDT and left 250,000 people without power.

paragraphs: The derecho then moved into Wisconsin. A meteorologist working at the University of Wisconsin-Madison saw the derecho's approach. Windows were blown out at the campus.

paragraphs: The derecho moved into Illinois at 9 p.m. CDT. Chicago had winds gusting to 70 mph and dropped 14°F (from 83°F at 9:30 p.m. to 68°F at 9:50 p.m.). The storm died in northwestern Indiana at midnight on July 20.


title: Carol Bellamy

paragraphs: Carol Bellamy (born January 14, 1942) is the Chair of the Board of the Global Community Engagement and Resilience Fund (GCERF). She was Director of the Peace Corps, Executive Director of the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), and President and CEO of World Learning.

paragraphs: After three terms in the New York State Senate, she was the first woman to be elected as President of the New York City Council, a position she held until her unsuccessful bid for Mayor of New York in 1985. She was the second to last person to hold this position.

paragraphs: In Japan, she was awarded the Order of the Rising Sun in 2006.


title: Havre, Montana

paragraphs: Havre ( ) is the county seat and largest city in Hill County, Montana, in the United States. Havre is nicknamed the crown jewel of the Hi-Line. It is said to be named after the city of Le Havre in France.

paragraphs: As of the 2010 census the population was 9,310, and in 2016 the estimated population was 9,846.

paragraphs: Havre was incorporated in 1893. It was founded mainly as a railroad service center for the Great Northern Railway.

paragraphs: A buffalo jump, named the Too Close for Comfort Site, is just outside of town. The Milk River is also nearby.


title: Anaconda, Montana

paragraphs: Anaconda, county seat of Deer Lodge County, is located in southwestern Montana of the United States. It is located at the foot of the Anaconda Range. As of the 2010 census the population of the city was 9,298.


title: Miles City, Montana

paragraphs: Miles City is a city in and the county seat of Custer County, Montana, United States. The population was 8,410 at the 2010 census.

paragraphs: It is here the Tongue River flows into the Yellowstone River.


title: Eleanor Holmes Norton

paragraphs: Eleanor Holmes Norton (born June 13, 1937) is an American politician. She serves as a non-voting Delegate to the United States House of Representatives representing the District of Columbia. Norton may serve on committees as well as speak on the House floor; however, she is not allowed to vote on the final passage of any legislation.


title: Antonio Toledo Corro

paragraphs: Antonio Toledo Corro (1 April 1919 – 6 July 2018) was a Mexican politician. He was a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). Toledo Corro was born in Escuinapa de Hidalgo. He served as mayor of Mazatlan from 1959 to 1962. He was Secretary of the Agrarian Reform of Mexico during the term of President José López Portillo, a personal friend, from 1978 to 1980. Toledo was Governor of Sinaloa from 1981 to 1986.

paragraphs: Toledo Corro died in Mazatlan on 6 July 2018 from a cerebral infarction complicated by pneumonia at the age of 99.


title: Drake University

paragraphs: Drake University is a private, co-educational university. It is located in Des Moines, Iowa, United States. The institution offers a number of undergraduate and graduate programs, as well as professional programs in business, law and pharmacy. Drake's law school is among the twenty-five oldest in the country.


title: Thomas Hardiman

paragraphs: Thomas Michael Hardiman (born July 8, 1965) is an American Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit. He was nominated by President George W. Bush. He began active service on April 2, 2007 and serves in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He was a United States District Judge.

paragraphs: In 2017, Hardiman was a finalist to replaced Antonin Scalia as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, but Neil M. Gorsuch was nominated by President Donald Trump instead. The next year, following Justice Anthony Kennedy announcing his retirement from the Supreme Court, Hardiman was once again considered a front-runner to fill the vacant seat.


title: Winchester, Massachusetts

paragraphs: Winchester is a small town near downtown Boston, Massachusetts, United States in Middlesex County. It is the seventh richest settlement in Massachusetts. The population was 21,374 at the 2010 United States Census.


title: Amritlal Vegad

paragraphs: Amritlal Vegad (3 October 1928 – 6 July 2018) was an Indian writer and poet. He was born in Madhapar, India. He wrote in Gujarati and Hindi from Jabalpur. Amritlal Vegad was awarded in 2004 with Sahitya Akademi Award for his travelogue – "Saundaryani Nadi Narmada" and also Madhya Pradesh Rajya Sahitya Award & Rashtrapati Award for his various works. He was best known for his novel "Narmada-ki-pari-krama" written in Hindi language and "Saundaryani Nadi Narmada" (travelogue) & "Parikramā Narmadā maiyānī" in Gujarati language.

paragraphs: Vegad died on 6 July 2018 from respiratory failure at the age of 89.


title: Alan Gilzean

paragraphs: Alan John Gilzean (22 October 1938 – 8 July 2018) was a Scottish professional football player. He was active in the 1960s and 1970s. He played for Dundee and Tottenham Hotspur. He also appeared in 22 international games for Scotland.

paragraphs: His son Ian also became a professional football player.

paragraphs: Gilzean died on 8 July 2018, having been diagnosed with brain cancer a few weeks earlier, aged 79.


title: M. M. Jacob

paragraphs: Mundakkal Mathew Jacob (9 August 1927 – 8 July 2018), popularly known as M. M. Jacob, was an Indian politician. He worked in Indian National Congress. He was appointed Governor of Meghalaya in 1995 and again in 2000 for a second term. He also discharged the function of the Governor of Arunachal Pradesh as well for some time in 1996.

paragraphs: Jacob died in 8 July 2018 in Meghalaya, India from cardiopulmonary arrest at the age of 90.


title: Frank Ramsey (basketball)

paragraphs: Frank Vernon Ramsey, Jr. (July 13, 1931 – July 8, 2018) was an American professional basketball player and coach. He played his entire nine-year (1954–1964) NBA career with the Boston Celtics. Ramsey was also a head coach for the Kentucky Colonels of the ABA during the 1970–1971 season. He was born in Corydon, Kentucky.

paragraphs: Ramsey died on July 8, 2018 in Madisonville, Kentucky from cardiac arrest complicated by an aneurysm surgery at the age of 86.


title: Logan Paul

paragraphs: Logan Alexander Paul (born April 1, 1995) is an American actor, director, internet personality, screenwriter, rapper, and minor boxer. Paul became famous through his videos shared on former internet video service Vine. Paul's television and movie work includes guest appearances on "" and "Weird Loners", and appearances in movies "The Thinning" and "The Space Between Us".

paragraphs: On January 1st, 2018, Paul uploaded a vlog to his YouTube channel depicting the recently deceased corpse of a man who had committed suicide by hanging in Aokigahara, Japan. The video gained 6.3 million views within 24 hours of being uploaded.


title: Westlake, Ohio

paragraphs: Westlake is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. It is a suburb of Cleveland. The population was 32,729 at the 2010 census. The area now known as the city of Westlake was first settled on October 10, 1810. At the time, it was part of Dover Township.

paragraphs: Dover Village was renamed Westlake in 1940.


title: Taste of Chicago

paragraphs: The Taste of Chicago (known locally as The Taste) is the world's largest food festival. It is held for five days in July in Chicago, Illinois in Grant Park. The event is the largest festival in Chicago.

paragraphs: Non-food-related events include live music on multiple stages. Musical acts vary from local artists to nationally known artists like Carlos Santana, Moby, Kenny Rogers or Robert Plant.


title: Gloria al Bravo Pueblo

paragraphs: "Gloria al Bravo Pueblo" ("Glory to the Brave People") was adopted as Venezuela's national anthem by President Antonio Guzmán Blanco on May 25, 1881. The lyrics were written by the physician and journalist Vicente Salias in 1810. The music was later composed by musician Juan José Landaeta. It is said, however, that the melody has been known since 1840 as "La Marsellesa Venezolana" ("Venezuelan Marseillaise"), in reference to its subtle similarity to the French national anthem.

paragraphs: Some recent investigations have suggested that the real author of the anthem was Andrés Bello, and not Salias, to whom it was originally credited, and the music was composed by another musician called Lino Gallardo. However, this theory has yet to be proven, and lacks any real recognition among the general Venezuelan population, historians, or otherwise.

paragraphs: The Venezuelan national anthem is played every day on radio and television broadcasts at 12:00 am, 6:00 am and 12:00 pm (either the full version or the chorus, first stanza and chorus) on all national TV networks. On radio broadcasts, the state anthem is played after the national anthem, which is also the case in state TV stations.

paragraphs: In most occasions, only the chorus, first stanza and the chorus are played or even the chorus itself. Sometimes the chorus is played twice in the beginning, and once in the rest of the anthem. In formal events (if the anthem will be played by either a military band, concert band or orchestra) the format is: Chorus (2x), First verse and Chorus (2x), with the optional introduction. If played in full the chorus is sung twice, with or without the introductiory notes.


title: Alpha Cephei

paragraphs: Alpha Cephei, also known as Alderamin, is the brightest star in the Cepheus constellation. It is a blue star.