title: Buster Crabbe

paragraphs: Clarence Linden "Buster" Crabbe II (February 7, 1908 – April 23, 1983) was an American Olympic swimmer, and a movie and television actor. He won a gold medal in the 400-meter freestyle at the 1932 Summer Olympics and for playing science fiction hero Flash Gordon in three movie serials. He is the only actor to have played the three most popular pulp fiction heroes of the 1930s — Flash Gordon, Buck Rogers, and Tarzan.

paragraphs: Crabbe started swimming as a boy. He went to the University of Southern California, and was a member of its first swim team. He trained as an Olympics swimmer, and won a bronze medal in the 1928 Summer Olympics and a gold medal in the 1932 Summer Olympics. He won 16 world and 35 national records during his swimming career.

paragraphs: After the 1932 Olympics, he went to Hollywood. He played the heroes in 103 feature length jungle, crime, drama, and western B-movies as well as the heroes in nine movie serials. In the late 1940s, Crabbe left movies to put together his own water show. He got into debt and looked for ways to make money. He turned to television.

paragraphs: He was the host a children's series in New York City and starred in an NBC adventure series called "Captain Gallant of the Foreign Legion". His debts were paid, but his acting skills grew less in demand. He developed several business interests including Buster Crabbe Swim Pools. He retired to Scottsdale, Arizona, and died there of a heart attack in 1983.

paragraphs: Crabbe was born on February 7, 1908 in Oakland, California to Edward Clinton Simmons Crabbe and Lucy Agnes McNamara Crabbe. His father was a real estate broker. He was named Clarence Linden Crabbe after his grandfather. Clarence had a brother named Edward Clinton Simmons Crabbe II who was a year younger. He was named for their father. Clarence was nicknamed "Buster" and Edward II was nicknamed "Buddy". Both boys kept these nicknames for the rest of their lives.

paragraphs: Buster's ancestors include Captain John Meek, a Massachusetts man who chose a life on the sea. Meek married an Hawaiian girl in 1820, and lived in the Hawaiian Islands. Their daughter Elizabeth married an American sailor named Horace Gates Crabb. Horace added an "e" to his last name. Elizabeth and Horace had a son in 1861 they named Charles Linden Crabbe. He went to the United States at the age of 20 to work on the railroads. He lived in Nevada, and married Emma Rich in 1881. In 1882, Charles and Emma became the parents of Edward Clinton Simmons Crabbe, Buster's father.

paragraphs: After four years in Nevada, Charles moved his family to Hawaii. He later went into the Hawaii State Senate. His son Edward went to school in Hawaii and then to college at the University of California, Berkeley. He dropped out of college to sell real estate in the San Francisco area. Edward Crabbe married Agnes McNamara in 1907. A business partner stole Crabbe's money in 1913, leaving him broke. He had no choice but to move his wife and sons to Oahu. They lived in the house of his parents. In later life, Buster said he always thought of the Islands his true home.

paragraphs: Buster Crabbe grew up in Hawaii. He started swimming on the beach at Waikīkī as a young boy. When his father became the manager of a pineapple plantation on Oahu, the whole family moved away from the beach. Buster and his brother had to stop swimming. A year after the move, Mr. Crabbe got a real estate job in Hilo, Hawaii. The family moved to Hilo, and the boys started swimming again when their father joined a yacht club. With all the moving about, it was not easy for the Crabbe boys to go to school. Buster was eight and a half years old when he joined the first grade in Hilo Union School.

paragraphs: When World War I started in 1918, Buster's father joined the Army. He graduated from Officer Candidate School, and moved his family to the Schofield Barracks in the center of Oahu. Once again, the boys were too far from the beach to go swimming. They rode horses instead, and went to the Honolulu Military Academy. When Buster's father was discharged from the Army in 1920, he moved his family to Honolulu. Mr. and Mrs. Crabbe were divorced about 1920. The two boys were placed in the custody of their father. They lived with their grandparents in Honolulu.

paragraphs: Buster went to the University of Hawaii in 1928 to study law. He was also offered a place at the United States Military Academy at West Point. Yale University offered him a scholarship based on his swim talent. Only his tuition would be paid, but Crabbe thought he could work to pay for other costs. Yale also had a famous swim team. This appealed to Crabbe. He visited Yale on his way to the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. He liked Yale, and decided to go there instead of West Point. He was 20 when he went to Yale to study law.

paragraphs: Two weeks into his first year at Yale, Crabbe returned to Hawaii because his grandmother was dying. She did not die until the spring of 1929 though. Yale told Crabbe he could come back to the university on his scholarship, but he would have to start over as a freshman. He didn't want to do this. He applied to Stanford University, but was told the same thing. He was happy when he got a scholarship to the University of Southern California (USC) as a sophomore. He worked in a downtown Los Angeles store to make money, and joined the Sigma Chi fraternity. He was a member of USC's first swim team. He got his Bachelor of Science degree from USC in June 1931.

paragraphs: Buster started swimming as a very young boy. He was 15 years old when he joined his school's swim team. In his last year at school, he was captain of the team. He graduated with four letters in varsity sports. After high school, he competed in many swim meets and won many awards and titles.

paragraphs: He won a place on the 1928 Summer Olympics team, but became ill with the flu on his way to Amsterdam, where the Olympics were being held. He lost at least . He was not up to his usual strength, and won only a third place bronze medal in the 800-meter freestyle.

paragraphs: He kept training and competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics at Los Angeles. He won the gold medal in the 400-meter freestyle by a tenth of a second. This was a new world record. He was the only male swimmer to win Gold at the 1932 Summer Olympics. He became a sports superstar known around the world.

paragraphs: Crabbe's movie career started in 1930 while he was going to USC. He was an extra in a few movies about college football and did stunts for Joel McCrea in a suspense movie. Crabbe got his first big part in 1932. It was a Tarzan-like character called Kaspa. He signed a one-year contract with Paramount Pictures. He was paid $100 a week. The movie was called "King of the Jungle"; it opened in theaters in 1933.

paragraphs: Next, Crabbe had a small part in "Man of the Forest", a western with closeted gay actor Randolph Scott. It was Crabbe's first western. He would make many more during his movie career. Crabbe showed his bare chest in one scene, and was told to "put more wood on the fire". He had one two-word line, "Yes, boss". He was billed on movie posters as "the star of "King of the Jungle"". After "Forest", he had a few bit parts, and then went to Paramount's acting classes.

paragraphs: In 1933, Crabbe starred in "Tarzan the Fearless". It was the one and only time he played Tarzan. "Fearless" was a movie serial in 12-parts. A movie fan had to go to the theater every week for 12 weeks to see the whole movie. The movie was a failure. Crabbe made six more movies in 1933. He saved $3,700 from the money he made. He had enough money to go to law school if his contract was not renewed. His contract was renewed, however. His salary was raised to $150 per week. The movie studio changed his name to Larry "Buster" Crabbe.

paragraphs: In 1934, he was in six movies. Only two were for Paramount, the studio that hired him. He was in Ida Lupino's first American movie, "Search for Beauty", and in a W. C. Fields movie called, "You're Telling Me!" Paramount loaned him to RKO Pictures and Majestic Pictures for one movie each, and to Mayfair Pictures for two movies. These three studios billed him as Buster Crabbe.

paragraphs: In 1935, Paramount renewed his contract for the third time. He was paid $300 a week. He made only three movies for Paramount in 1935: two westerns and a college football movie. He did not make any movies for other studios.

paragraphs: In 1936, Crabbe learned that Universal Pictures was planning to produce Alex Raymond's science fiction comic strip, "Flash Gordon", as a movie serial. He went to try-outs, and was offered the part of Flash at once. Crabbe accepted. He was under contract to Paramount at the time, so Universal made arrangements to borrow him.

paragraphs: "Flash Gordon" is famous for being the most expensive and the most popular movie serial ever made in America. Universal had turned two other comic strips into successful serials: "Tailspin Tommy" in 1934 and its sequel "Tailspin Tommy in the Great Air Mystery" in 1935. The "Flash Gordon" comic strip was hugely popular.

paragraphs: Crabbe had to have his hair bleached and waved for the part. He was not happy about this. He wore a hat outside the studio to hide his hair. Crabbe did his own stunts in the serial.

paragraphs: "Flash Gordon" was said to cost $350,000. Most of this cost went into science fiction sets, special effects, and costumes that looked like those in the comic strip. Crabbe was every boy's dream of a hero. He was strong, handsome, and honest. Jean Rogers played his girlfriend Dale Arden. Charles B. Middleton played his enemy, Ming the Merciless, the ruler of the planet Mongo.

paragraphs: "Flash Gordon" opened in movie theaters in 1936. It was a great success. Crabbe enjoyed the success, but wished he would get a part in a major motion picture. Paramount renewed his 1937 and 1938 contracts with raises. In 1938, he was paid $600 per week. He also played in crime movies and westerns at this time.

paragraphs: A sequel to "Flash Gordon" was made in 1938 called "Flash Gordon's Trip to Mars". It was a low budget serial and used scenes from the prequel. Crabbe was disappointed with the serial, but he was happy playing Flash again because the part had made him famous.

paragraphs: In 1938, he made another serial for Universal called "Red Barry". It was a modern detective story set in San Francisco. The serial was based on a comic strip by Will Gould.

paragraphs: Crabbe left Paramount in 1939. Crabbe told an interviewer that the studio did not want to give him a raise. "I spent more time away from my lot than I put there ... I was under contract there (Paramount) from 1932 to 1939. And it didn't cost them a penny. Every time I was loaned out they were paid ... I was supposed to get a $250 raise per week. And the studio called my agent and said we would like him to stay but we don't want to give him a raise." Crabbe's agent knew Universal had the star in mind for more serials and convinced him to leave Paramount. He had made 26 B-movies during his six years with Paramount, but never a major movie.

paragraphs: In 1939, he made another serial for Universal called "Buck Rogers". Like "Flash", it was based on a popular science fiction comic strip. Crabbe was paid $1,000 per week. Universal made Crabbe's third and final Flash Gordon serial, "Flash Gordon Conquers the Universe" in 1940. Crabbe was paid a flat $25,000. He became known as "The King of the Serials". He had made five serials for Universal and owed Universal (not Paramount) the stardom he had won.

paragraphs: Crabbe was disappointed with "Flash Gordon Conquers the Universe". He said, "I never forgave Universal for making a cheateryou know, using stock stuffof the last one ... The first serial ("Flash Gordon"), however, was the most expensive serial ever made, about $500,000 ... To risk this kind of money for a serial ... well, I thought they were crazy. Crazy."

paragraphs: Crabbe made a total of nine movie serials during his career. The last three were made for Columbia Pictures. In 1947, he made "The Sea Hound", and, in 1950, "Pirates of the High Seas". His last serial was "King of the Congo" in 1952.

paragraphs: Between 1941 and 1946, Crabbe starred in a series of westerns for Producers Releasing Corporation (PRC). He played a crime-fighting cowboy called Billy the Kid. Billy was not based on the real life outlaw of the American Old West, but the character's name was changed to Billy Carson to avoid confusion. Crabbe had signed with PRC for only two movies, but those two movies were hugely popular so the studio continued the series.

paragraphs: These PRC westerns took 10–12 days to make, and cost about $25,000 each. They were 50–60 minutes long, and were the second features on double bills. Crabbe made about eight of these westerns every year. He had time to make other movies during the year, too. He made jungle pictures and crime movies.

paragraphs: When World War II started, PRC had to make budget cuts. The shooting schedules for the "Billy" westerns were cut back from 10–12 days to 7–8 days. There was no time or money to correct mistakes. In one scene, for example, Crabbe bumps his head on a window frame as he jumps through the window. There was no time or money to reshoot the scene; it had to be left as it was.

paragraphs: Crabbe did not serve in the military during World War II because he was 34 years old and had a family. Instead, he made training movies for the Field Artillery. He kept making westerns for PRC during the war. In 1942 and 1943, he made 15 westerns. Crabbe's PRC contract ran out in 1946. He had made 36 "Billy" westerns for PRC.

paragraphs: Crabbe made five movie westerns between 1957 and 1965. None of these movies was special in any way. In 1970, he played an old cowboy in "The Comeback Trail". The movie did not do well. Crabbe said it was the best movie he ever made, but there were too many sexy scenes so families stayed away. He tried to convince the producers to make the movie more family-friendly by cutting the "heavy" scenes, but they refused. His last movies were "Swim Team" in 1979 and "The Alien Dead" in 1980.

paragraphs: During the summer months through the years he made the "Billy" movies, Crabbe kept swimming and also did water shows. About 1946, he put his savings into his own show. He called it, "The Aqua Parade". He said his two-hour show was a "labor of love" as well as a "profitable occupation". In 1947, his show played in cities and state fairs across the United States over a five-month period. The show got good reviews. Crabbe was in the water ballet and in a part of the show called "The Evolution of Swimming".

paragraphs: In 1950, the show went to Europe. It had problems. The company was asked to make new costumes and scenery for the Paris show. Crabbe knew this would cost a lot of money, but everyone in the show agreed that doing this would be better than going back to America. The show met more problems in Italy. The company had to swim in cold water in Milan because there was no time to heat the pool. Additionally, the show lost money because it played in a small arena with limited seating. In the end, Crabbe was $100,000 in debt and went back to America wondering what he was going to do. He started doing television.

paragraphs: Crabbe moved to the East Coast of the United States to be the host of a live, local New York City children's program called, "The Buster Crabbe Show". The series was televised on weekday evenings starting on March 12, 1951. The series setting was a western bunkhouse. Old western movies, serials, and comedies were shown. Crabbe shared games, stories, and other activities with the program's viewers.

paragraphs: During the production days of this show, Crabbe was also a swimming and boating counselor at his 16-building, boys and girls summer camp called "Buster Crabbe's Camp Meenahga" at Saranac Lake, New York in the Adirondack Mountains.

paragraphs: Although the program's title was changed to "Buster's Buddies", it was cancelled on October 3, 1952. It returned to television on September 21, 1953. A live kiddie audience was brought to the program, but the program was not popular. It was cancelled again on March 26, 1954.

paragraphs: Crabbe played Michael Gallant in the NBC adventure television series, "Captain Gallant of the Foreign Legion". The series was televised from 1955 to 1957. It is set in modern Morocco where Captain Gallant was in charge of an outpost in the desert. He fought thieves, desert tribes, and other villains. Crabbe's son Cullen played Cuffy Sanders in the series. Cuffy was an orphan boy whose father had died in action with the Legion.

paragraphs: The Crabbes had signed a contract for three 30-minute episodes. These three episodes could be changed into a 90-minute movie for theaters if the television series failed. The three episodes were a success. The H. J. Heinz Company agreed to sponsor the series. Thirty-six 30-minute episodes were made. Crabbe was paid $1,000 per episode. Working on the series would take most of his time. He dropped his New York City television series, "The Buster Crabbe Show", so he could make "Captain Gallant".

paragraphs: The series started filming in April 1954. Crabbe's old friend Fuzzy Knight joined the cast. Outdoor scenes were filmed in North Africa. Indoor scenes were shot in Paris and Rome. The series stopped filming in October 1954. It had its television premiere on February 13, 1955. Children and long-time Crabbe fans loved the series. A fan club for Cuffy was started. Charlton Comics published four comic books based on the series in 1955 and 1956.

paragraphs: Tragedy struck the Crabbe family in 1957. When Crabbe's daughter "Sande" was a 20-year-old college student at USC, she had an obsession with dieting. She thought she needed to be as thin as possible for boys to be attracted to her. Her parents were worried. They got medical treatment for Sande and psychoanalysis, but she died April 10, 1957 of malnutrition. She weighed .

paragraphs: In all, there were sixty-five 30-minute black and white episodes. The series completed its first television run in February 1957. Reruns were televised between 1960 and 1963. Cullen Crabbe dropped acting when the series ended. In 1970, he said the only reason he played in the series was because no one could find a boy whose parents would let him live and work in North Africa for two years.

paragraphs: Crabbe was on television now and then after "Captain Gallant". He was in an episode of the "Ellery Queen" series in 1959, and co-hosted a 1961 NBC Easter television special with Rosemary Clooney called "Marineland Circus". In December 1965, CBS televised ceremonies at the Swimming Hall of Fame in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Crabbe was there because he was going to become a member of the Hall of Fame. Crabbe was in two episodes of the "Buck Rogers in the 25th Century" television series in 1979, and one episode of "B. J. and the Bear" in 1981. This episode was the last time he was on television.

paragraphs: Crabbe was bankrupt after the disaster of his "The Aqua Parade". He looked about for ways to make money and to pay off his debts. His name was used to promote a New York health club, and he hosted a women's exercise television program, "Figure Fashioning". He was swim director at a hotel in the Catskill Mountains.

paragraphs: In 1952, he moved his family to New Jersey and taught swimming at Palisades Amusement Park. The same year, he made his "live" television debut on "Philco Playhouse" and then made his ninth and last movie serial, "King of the Congo".

paragraphs: In 1966, Crabbe passed an exam to become a New York City stockbroker with the Wall Street firm of Lieberbaum, Richter & Co. He led the annual Red Cross swim sessions at the Durland Scout Center in Rye, New York, and in 1969 continued his association with the Concord Hotel as Director of Water Activities. He also had two camps in the Adirondacks: a summer camp for young boys and a co-educational water camp for teenagers. He kept up with his work for Cascade Pools. In 1970, he wrote "Energistics", an exercise book for old people.

paragraphs: Crabbe died of a heart attack in Scottsdale, Arizona at the age of 75. He was soon buried at the Green Acres Memorial Park in Scottsdale, Arizona.

paragraphs: Crabbe was the only actor to play the three greatest pulp fiction heroes of the 1930s Flash Gordon, Buck Rogers, and Tarzan. His early fame was renewed when nostalgia-minded television viewers discovered his Flash Gordon serials in the 1970s. In 2013, the three Flash Gordon serials, the Buck Rogers serial, and the Tarzan serial were all available on DVD.

paragraphs: In 1973, a poll on the University of Maryland campus revealed that the Flash Gordon serials were third on the student nostalgia charts. He was behind W. C. Fields and the Marx Brothers. The serials were shown on college campuses and on nationwide television channels. The New York City Public Broadcasting channel leased the serials, and televised them during the 7 p.m. news programs of other channels. The nationwide interest in the serials led to Crabbe being invited to make personal appearances in many places and to give talks on college campuses.

paragraphs: On his acting talent, Crabbe once said, "Some of my acting rose to the level of incompetence, and then leveled off. I was a lot better actor than people gave me credit for. I didn't have any training, but I feel that if I had been given the chance, I could have become a really good, top-rate actor."

paragraphs: At another time he said, "I always wished I could have been in one really good film. But they decide you're a guy who can fall off a horse and take a breakaway table over you're head, and there's nothing you can do about it ... Many fans have told me they saw in my portrayals a moralistic mien, something they could identify with or fantasize about as children. There's a place for hero worship in any society. It gives people something to look up to, even if no real hero can ever live up to the image people have of them."


title: Jo Benkow

paragraphs: Jo Benkow (Josef Elias Benkowitz; 15 August 1924 – 18 May 2013) was a Norwegian politician and writer, notable for being an important person in the Conservative Party of Norway, and the President of the Parliament 1985-1993.

paragraphs: Benkow was born on 15 August 1924 in Trondheim, Norway. He was raised in Bærum, Norway. Benkow married twice, his second marriage was with fellow politician Annelise Høegh. He was the uncle of journalistic fraudster Bjørn Benkow. Benkow died on 18 May 2013 from natural causes in Oslo, Norway, aged 88.


title: Marcheline Bertrand

paragraphs: Marcia Lynne "Marcheline" Bertrand (May 9, 1950 – January 27, 2007) was an American actress and producer. She also co-founded the All Tribes Foundation, to culturally and economically benefit Native Americans, and the Give Love Give Life organization, to raise public awareness of women's cancers. She was the mother of Angelina Jolie.

paragraphs: She was born at St. Francis Hospital in Blue Island, Illinois. Bertrand was brought up in the nearby small town of Riverdale. Her parents were Lois June (née Gouwens; 1928–1973) and Rolland F. Bertrand (1923–1985). She had two younger siblings: a sister, Debbie, and a brother, Raleigh. Her father was of French Canadian ancestry, while her mother was of Dutch and German ancestry. She also claimed to be of Iroquois ancestry, although her only known Native American ancestor was a Huron woman born in 1649. According to her daughter, actress Angelina Jolie, Bertrand was often wrongly identified as a French actress, with Jolie saying, "My mom is as far from French Parisian as you can get. She grew up in a bowling alley that my grandparents owned." In 1965, Bertrand's family moved from the Chicago area to Beverly Hills, California. She attended Beverly Hills High School from second year through graduation.

paragraphs: She was married to Jon Voight from 1971 until they divorced in 1980. She was partners with Bill Day from 1978 until they separated in 1989. Then she was partners with John Trudell until her death in 2007. She had two children; Angelina Jolie and James Haven with Voight. Bertrand died on January 27, 2007 from Ovarian cancer in Los Angeles, California, aged 56.


title: In Bruges

paragraphs: In Bruges is a 2008 British-American crime drama black comedy movie. It was written and directed by Martin McDonagh. The movie stars Colin Farrell and Brendan Gleeson as two Irish hit men in hiding. Ralph Fiennes plays their gangster boss.


title: My Left Foot (movie)

paragraphs: My Left Foot: The Story of Christy Brown is a 1989 Irish drama movie directed by Jim Sheridan and starring Daniel Day-Lewis. It tells the true story of Christy Brown, an Irishman born with cerebral palsy, who could control only his left foot. Day-Lewis won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his role as Christy Brown.


title: Oz the Great and Powerful

paragraphs: Oz the Great and Powerful is an American fantasy adventure movie from 2013. It is directed by Sam Raimi, produced by Joe Roth, and written by David Lindsay-Abaire and Mitchell Kapner. It stars James Franco as Oscar Diggs, Mila Kunis as Theodora, Rachel Weisz as Evanora, Michelle Williams as Glinda, Zach Braff as Finley, Bill Cobbs as Master Tinker, and Joey King as China Girl.


title: White House Down

paragraphs: White House Down is an American action-thriller movie directed by Roland Emmerich about an assault on the White House by a paramilitary group. The movie's screenplay is by James Vanderbilt and stars Channing Tatum, Jamie Foxx, Maggie Gyllenhaal, Michael Murphy, James Woods, Richard Jenkins, Peter Jacobson, and Joey King. The movie was released on June 28, 2013.


title: 21 Jump Street (movie)

paragraphs: 21 Jump Street is a 2012 American action criminal comedy movie starring Jonah Hill and Channing Tatum, scripted by Michael Bacall, and directed by Phil Lord and Chris Miller. The movie was produced by Stephen J. Cannell. Roger Ebert gave the movie 3 out of 4 stars.


title: Our Lady of China

paragraphs: Our Lady of China is a title for the Virgin Mary in China who is believed to have appear at the small village of Donglu in 1900. In Chinese she is called Zhōnghuá Shèngmǔ (). She is also known as Our Lady of Donglu.

paragraphs: During the Boxer Rebellion, about 10,000 soldiers attacked the small village of Donglu on April, 1900. The soldiers tried to kill the approximately 1,000 Christians. As the soldiers were attacking, the Virgin Mary appeared wearing a white robe in the sky. When the soldiers saw the apparition, they fired gunshots at the Virgin Mary. Despite the efforts to shoot down the apparition, the Virgin Mary continued to shine brightly. As the soldiers kept firing, another apparition appeared: a majestic angel, whom witnesses believed to be the Archangel Michael. The angel flew down surrounded by blazing flames of fire down from the sky and into the crowd of soldiers. By himself, Michael drove all of the soldiers out of the village. Villagers learned afterwards that their local priest, Father Wu, prayed to the Virgin Mary for help from the soldiers attacking. The residents of Donglu then built a church for the Virgin Mary to express their gratitude for the help they received. The Church was then destroyed during World War II after it was hit by Japanese bombs.

paragraphs: The Catholic Church built a shrine in 1992 to commemorate the 1900 apparition events and organized a large celebratory worship service nearby in an open field on May 23, 1995, which about 30,000 people attended. During the opening prayer, those present saw the sun moved from to right to left in the sky and shone down light of rays with different colors. Then the Virgin Mary holding the infant Jesus, appeared in the sky. Mary did not speak but witnesses (Chinese Christians whose faith was oppressed by the government) reported feeling comforted and encouraged by her appearance. The overwhelming public interest of visiting the shrine after the apparition took place upset the Chinese government. The Chinese government then banned people from going to the shrine but still many pilgrims came. Proving it was unsuccessful, the Chinese army destroyed the Donglu shrine. (But many shrines dedicated to Our Lady of China are still in China and other countries.)


title: Francis Cooke

paragraphs: Francis Cooke (ca. 1583 - April 7, 1663) was a passenger on the "Mayflower". He was a signer of the Mayflower Compact and was an important member of Plymouth Colony.

paragraphs: Francis Cooke lived in England and then in Leiden Netherlands.

paragraphs: Cooke married Hester Mahieu at the French Walloon Church in Leiden. In August 1606 Francis Cooke and his wife moved to Norwich in county Norfolk in England. They did not live there long and returned to Netherlands. Their son John was baptized at the Walloon Church in Leiden in 1607.

paragraphs: When the English Separatist Church members in Leiden decided to go to America in 1620, Cooke decided he would go with them. He brought his thirteen year–old son, John, with him. Cooke's wife and the younger children stayed in Leiden and came to Plymouth Colony on the ship "Anne" in July 1623.

paragraphs: The Mayflower left Plymouth, England on 6 September 1620. There were 102 passengers and 30–40 crew. On 19 November 1620, the "Mayflower" reached land at Cape Cod hook. They landed on November 21. They wrote the Mayflower Compact, which made rules on how they would live and treat each other. Cooke was one of the signers. The "Mayflower" was supposed to land in Virginia Colony, but the ship was too damaged and they were forced to land at Cape Cod now called Provincetown Harbor.

paragraphs: In Plymouth Colony, the settlers were given land. In that Division of Land in 1623, Cooke received two acres, one for himself and one acre for his son John. He also received 4 acres for his wife and children who came over on the ship called "Anne" in 1623.

paragraphs: Cooke's children were named John, Jacob, Jane, Hester and Mary.

paragraphs: Cooke seemed to have been trusted and liked by the other colonist because in early 1633, Cooke was assigned by the court to help resolve a dispute of a financial nature between Peter Browne and Dr. Samuel Fuller.

paragraphs: In 1640/41 Cooke was one of twelve men tasked by the court to make official travel routes, and make a formal survey and mark the boundaries of plots of land and for the Jones River. In 1645 he was again road surveyor for Plymouth. In June 1650, when he was almost seventy, he was still doing survey work. In August 1659, in his late 70s, he was again called upon by the Plymouth Court to help to decide a land boundary dispute between Thomas Pope and William Shurtliff.

paragraphs: Cooke also did other public service work, being on several petty and grand juries. He also served on civil case juries up to March 1643. Most of the civil case involved debts or slander. He was also on grand juries in 1638, 1640, 1642 and 1643 which involved more serious crimes.

paragraphs: In the 1643 Able to Bear Arms List, Francis Cooke and his sons Jacob and John Jr., are listed with those from Plymouth.

paragraphs: On December 7, 1659 Francis Cooke made out his will, saying he was weak in body. The will was very simple and he gave everything to Hester, his loving wife. 1609.

paragraphs: Francis Cooke died in Plymouth on April 7, 1663 and was buried on Burial Hill in Plymouth, Massachusetts.


title: Pandeism

paragraphs: Pandeism is the belief that a higher being like a God made the Universe, but made it by becoming it. People who follow Pandeism are called Pandeists. After making the Universe, God and the Universe are equivalent (the same thing.) Because God is now the Universe, it can not do things in the Universe. Pandeists believe that people who want to know about God should rely on logic and reason and not traditions of their religion. Pandeists believe that everything that exists is a part of God or that God is a part of everything that exists. The name Pandeism comes from the words Deism (a kind of belief in God) and pan (all).

paragraphs: Pandeists believe that a higher power became the world. They do not believe that the creation of the Universe happened because of a spontaneous event. They reject supernatural events like miracles and believe that God has become the natural laws as well, and does not need to interfere with them. Pandeists also see holy books, such as the Bible and Qur'an, as writings made by people rather than the writings of God. Pandeists believe that people are part of God too, and so some people think they see or hear God, when they are really only seeing or hearing the part of God that is in them.


title: UFC on FX: Belfort vs. Rockhold

paragraphs: UFC on FX: Belfort vs. Rockhold (also known as UFC on FX 8 and as UFC no Combate 2 in Brazil) was a mixed martial arts event held by the Ultimate Fighting Championship on May 18, 2013 at the Arena Jaraguá in Jaraguá do Sul, Brazil. The event was broadcast live on Fuel TV and FX.

paragraphs: The event was headlined by a middleweight bout between multi-divisional contender Vitor Belfort and the final Strikeforce Middleweight Champion and promotional newcomer Luke Rockhold.

paragraphs: Manvel Gamburyan was expected to face Hacran Dias at the event. However, Gamburyan was forced to pull out of the bout citing an injury and was replaced by Nik Lentz.

paragraphs: Marcos Vinícius was expected to face Yuri Alcantara at the event. However, Vinicius was forced out of the bout citing an injury and he was replaced by promotional newcomer Iliarde Santos

paragraphs: Cezar Ferreira was originally scheduled to face CB Dollaway. However, on April 1, it was revealed that Dollaway had to withdraw from the bout due to injury and he was replaced by Chris Camozzi. Then on April 7, it was confirmed that Ferreira had pulled out of the fight as well, citing an injury and was replaced by Rafael Natal.

paragraphs: Costa Philippou had to withdraw from his fight against Ronaldo Souza, after suffering a cut above his eye, and was replaced by Chris Camozzi. While Camozzi's scheduled opponent Rafael Natal will face promotional newcomer Joao Zeferino.

paragraphs: Paulo Thiago was originally expected to face Lance Benoist. However, on April 20, it was announced that Benoist had to pull out of the bout due to an injury and was replaced by UFC newcomer Michel Prazeres.

paragraphs: The following fighters were awarded $50,000 bonuses.


title: Sergei Bagapsh

paragraphs: Sergei Bagapsh (March 4, 1949 – May 29, 2011), was the President of Abkhazia, from 12 February 2005 until 29 May 2011. He was also Prime Minister of Abkhazia during the late 1990s.

paragraphs: He was born in Sukhumi, Soviet Union. He graduated from the Georgian State University of Subtropical Agriculture in Sukhumi.

paragraphs: Bagapsh died of heart failure caused by lung cancer surgery, aged 62.


title: Ryūnosuke Akutagawa

paragraphs: Ryūnosuke Akutagawa (1 March 1892 – 24 July 1927), was a Japanese writer famous for his short stories. He was born in Tokyo, Japan. His friend are Kikuchi Kan, Kume Masao, and etc..., and he published literary magazine named "Shinshicho" with them. His first work is "Rounenn". His story ""Hana"" (The Nose) was highly estimated by his master Natsume Soseki.

paragraphs: Akutagawa committed suicide by taking mass sleeping pills at age of 35. It was written that "vague anxiety about my future." in his suicide note. Akutagawa is one of many Japanese writers who have committed suicide. Other writers include Dazai Osamu, Mishima Yukio and Kawabata Yasunari.


title: Awakenings

paragraphs: Awakenings is a 1990 American drama movie set in a psychiatric hospital in 1969 in the Bronx. It is based on Oliver Sacks' 1973 book "Awakenings". It tells the true story of British neurologist Oliver Sacks, fictionalized as American Malcolm Sayer and portrayed by Robin Williams. The movie also stars Robert De Niro, Judith Malina, and Max von Sydow.


title: Oliver Sacks

paragraphs: Oliver Wolf Sacks, CBE (9 July 1933 – 30 August 2015) was a British neurologist, writer, and amateur chemist. He was Professor of Neurology at New York University graduate School of Medicine. The 1990 movie "Awakenings" was based on his book where he was played by Robin Williams.

paragraphs: Sacks was born on 9 July 1933 in London, England to a Jewish family. He studied at St Paul's School, at Queen's College, Cambridge, and at Oxford University.

paragraphs: He addressed his homosexuality for the first time in his 2015 autobiography "On the Move: A Life".

paragraphs: Sacks was diagnosed with terminal melanoma and liver cancer in January 2015. He died on 30 August 2015 at his home in New York City at the age of 82 from liver cancer.


title: INS Dakar Memorial

paragraphs: The INS "Dakar" Memorial is a memorial dedicated to the 69 soldiers of the Israeli Navy of the submarine INS "Dakar" who died in the Mediterranean Sea in 1969. The remains of the submarine were found in 1999. The memorial is located in the Garden of the Missing Soldiers in the National Military and Police Cemetery in Mount Herzl in Jerusalem. It is next to the wall of the names of the missing soldiers of Israel. The memorial was built with exposed concrete in a shape of a submarine; the lower half is submerged in the ground. On the front side a verse from the Bible is inscribed: Psalm 77:19: "Your path led through the sea, your way through the mighty waters, though Your footprints were not seen." Inside the memorial is the room with all the 69 names of the soldiers that died at sea. The memorial was built in 1970 by the architect David Anatol Brotzkos.


title: Museum of London

paragraphs: The Museum of London is two museums in London. They display objects from the history and culture of the city.

paragraphs: The main museum is in London Wall, next to the Barbican Centre. There is also a museum in the Docklands showing boats, ships and other objects from London's naval past.


title: SS Erinpura Memorial

paragraphs: The SS "Erinpura" Memorial is a memorial in the Mount Herzl cemetery. It is dedicated to the 139 soldiers of the British Army 462 Moving Unit in British Mandate of Palestine on the SS "Erinpura" that lost their lives in a battle in North Africa with the Air Force of Nazi Germany.

paragraphs: The memorial is next to the Garden of the Missing Soldiers in the National Military and Police Cemetery in Mount Herzl in Jerusalem. It was built in 1985 by the architect Dr. Asher Hirem. It includes concrete covered with stones in a corner of a pool with the names of the 137 soldiers who drowned in the Mediterranean Sea. Their place of burial is unknown with holes for flowers. Two soldiers of the 139 are buried in the cemeteries of the British army in Tripoli, Libya and the other is in England.

paragraphs: A ceremony to the fallen soldiers take place in the Holocaust Remembrance Day.


title: Charles River

paragraphs: The Charles River is a river that runs between Boston and Cambridge in Massachusetts. It is 80 miles long and starts at Hopkinton, Massachusetts and ends at the Atlantic Ocean after feeding through the Boston Harbour.


title: FaceTime

paragraphs: FaceTime is video conferencing software created by Apple Inc. for use on the iPhone, iPad and computers running Mac OS X. To call people, you type in their email address or phone number. FaceTime supports high definition video.

paragraphs: FaceTime was first announced by Steve Jobs on 7 June 2010 at Apple's Worldwide Developers Conference. Video is sent using H.264 and audio is compressed with AAC. Because of him people can talk to people that are far away face to face.

paragraphs: An audio-version of FaceTime was announced during Apple's annual keynote speech on June 10, 2013, and later released on September 18, 2013. The service provides high-quality audio. Initially, FaceTime audio was only usable on a Wi-Fi network, but since has been updated to work over 3G and LTE data connections. Currently, FaceTime audio is only available between Apple devices.


title: Captain Gallant of the Foreign Legion

paragraphs: Captain Gallant of the Foreign Legion is a television series starring Buster Crabbe, his son Cullen Crabbe, and Fuzzy Knight. It aired from 1955 to 1957. The series is about a captain in the French Foreign Legion who fights bandits in North Africa.


title: 20th-century philosophy

paragraphs: 20th-century philosophy covers thinkers who wrote and produced ideas in philosophy during the twentieth century. New ways of thinking about problems were put forward following the success of science and advances in mathematics and other areas of study. Philosophy after 1900 became more professionalized. Philosophers gradually split between two main kinds of philosophy:


title: Operation Boatswain Memorial

paragraphs: The Operation Boatswain Memorial is a memorial dedicated to a group of 23 fighters who died at sea in 1941, during World War II. They fought for Palmach, a paramilitary group in Palestine. Operation Boatswain was a mission to damage oil refineries in Tripoli, Lebanon. The mission failed, and the bodies of the fighters were never found. In Hebrew, these men are known as "" ("the twenty-three who went down with the ship").

paragraphs: The commander of crew was the Haganah member Zvi Spector. A British special operations officer, Major Sir Anthony Palmer was an observer on behalf of the Special Operations Executive. The oil refineries were controlled by Vichy France, which was ruled by Nazi Germany.

paragraphs: The memorial is located next to the Garden of the Missing in Action in the National Military and Police Cemetery in Mount Herzl in Jerusalem. The memorial was built with stone of exposed concrete in a shape of boat in a corner of a water pool. The stone has the names of the 23 fighters, including the name of the British officer who was lost with them. The memorial was built in 1951 by the architect Dr. Asher Hirem who also planned the national military and police cemetery in Mount Herzl and many other memorials in Israel.

paragraphs: Palmer Square and Kaf Gimal Yordei HaSira Street in Tel Aviv Port are named after the crew. These are the places where the crew was last seen.


title: Buck Rogers

paragraphs: Buck Rogers is a fictional character in American sci-fi. He was created by Philip Francis Nowlan. He first appeared as Anthony Rogers in the August 1928 issue of the pulp magazine "Amazing Stories". The Buck Rogers comic strip first appeared in newspapers on January 7, 1929. Since then the character has appeared in movie serials (played by Buster Crabbe), television series, and other forms of pop entertainment.


title: Animal Crossing: New Leaf

paragraphs: Animal Crossing: New Leaf is a life simulation video game made by Nintendo for the Nintendo 3DS game console. It was released on November 8, 2012 in Japan, on June 19, 2013 in North America, and on June 14, 2013 in Europe. It is the latest game in the "Animal Crossing" series. It was first shown at E3 2010.

paragraphs: Like other "Animal Crossing" games, in "Animal Crossing: New Leaf", the player lives in a village where everyone is an animal. The player can interact with villagers by talking with them. Instead of a house, the player starts the game living in a tent. As the game goes on, the player will be able to change and add new things to it. The player is also able to swim in the ocean that surrounds the village. Also new to this game is that you can become mayor of your town. Becoming mayor allows you to change your town more than in past games. You can do things such as set ordinances or start the building of public work projects as mayor.


title: Flash Gordon (movie serial)

paragraphs: Flash Gordon is a 1936 13-chapter science fiction Flash Gordon movie serial. It is the first movie adventure for the Alex Raymond comic strip character. It is the first science fiction movie serial. It tells the story of Flash Gordon's first visit to the planet Mongo where he confronts the evil Emperor Ming the Merciless.

paragraphs: Buster Crabbe plays the space adventurer Flash Gordon, Jean Rogers plays his love Dale Arden, Frank Shannon plays the scientist Dr. Zarkov, Charles B. Middleton plays Ming the Merciless, and Priscilla Lawson plays Ming's daughter Princess Aura.

paragraphs: In 1996, the serial was deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant", and was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress.

paragraphs: "Flash Gordon's Trip to Mars", a sequel to this movie, was released in 1938.


title: The Beatles: Rock Band

paragraphs: The Beatles: Rock Band is a music video game. It was developed by Harmonix Music Systems, published by MTV Games, and distributed by EA Distribution. It is the third game in the "Rock Band" series. It was released for the PlayStation 3, Wii, and Xbox 360 on September 9, 2009. The game centers on the popular English rock group The Beatles.

paragraphs: The game comes with a guitar controller, a drum set, and a microphone. Up to six people can play at a time, playing drums, vocals, bass, and guitar. As with previous games in the series, players get points by hitting the right notes at the right time. Earning points earn the players stars, which show how well the player did on a song. The game has 45 Beatles songs. More songs are available as download content (content that can be downloaded from the internet from the game's publisher).


title: Fuzzy Knight

paragraphs: John Forrest "Fuzzy" Knight (May 9, 1901 – February 23, 1976) was an American actor. He appeared mostly in westerns, usually as the hero's friend. He also appeared in the 1950s television series, "Captain Gallant of the Foreign Legion". He married actress Patricia Ryan (née Thelma de Long).


title: Charles B. Middleton

paragraphs: Charles B. Middleton (October 3, 1874 – April 22, 1949) was an American stage and movie actor. He appeared in nearly 200 movies and many plays. He played the evil emperor Ming the Merciless of the Planet Mongo in the three Universal Pictures Flash Gordon movie serials. He married movie actress Leora Spellman.


title: William Salyers

paragraphs: William Lewis Salyers (born August 16, 1964) is an American actor and voice actor. He is known as the voice of Rigby on "Regular Show" and the voice of Reverend Putty and Mr. Little on "Moral Orel".

paragraphs: Salyers was born on August 16, 1964 in Bartlesville, Oklahoma. He was raised in Santa Fe, New Mexico. Salyers studied at the College of Santa Fe.


title: Ming the Merciless

paragraphs: Ming the Merciless is a fictional character in the sci-fi world of Flash Gordon. Ming first appeared in the "Flash Gordon" comic strip in 1934. He is the main villain of the strip. He is also the villain in the Flash Gordon movie serials, television series, and movie adaptation. He rules the Planet Mongo. Charles B. Middleton played the character in the movie serials.


title: Joel Aldrich Matteson

paragraphs: Joel Aldrich Matteson (August 8, 1808 – January 31, 1873) was the 10th Governor of Illinois, serving from 1853 to 1857. In 1855, he became the first governor to live in the Illinois Executive Mansion. After his term as governor ended he was for many years the president of the Chicago and Alton Railroad. The last years of his life were marred by charges of corruption in the Canal Scrip Fraud case. The village of Matteson, Illinois is named in his honor. Matteson was buried in Joliet, Illinois.

paragraphs: Matteson was born on August 8, 1808 in Watertown, New York. He was married to Mary Fish until his death in 1873. Matteson died on January 31, 1873 in Chicago, Illinois from pneumonia, aged 64.


title: Planetary science

paragraphs: Planetary science (or "planetology") is the organized study of planets, which are relatively large, stable bodies in orbits around stars.

paragraphs: The planet best known to us is obviously the Earth. There are seven other major planets in the Solar System. The Solar System also has dwarf planets, such as Pluto and Ceres, the largest asteroid.

paragraphs: Space probes have gone near or landed on all planets in our solar system. In recent decades better telescopes have found planets in solar systems other than are own: exoplanets. One of the first was a planet found to be orbiting Barnard's star.

paragraphs: Planetary science is a part of astronomy and geology. It is sometimes referred to as planetary geology.

paragraphs: Planetary science in a broad sense includes finding a planet's orbital period and orbital distance from its star, the mineral makeup of the planet, and an attempt to learn its age. It may also have a more narrow focus, such as the mapping of the planet's surface features and the makeup of its atmosphere.


title: Marquess

paragraphs: Marquess (marquis in French) is a title of nobility in many countries in Europe. It is a rank higher than an earl but lower than a duke. 'Marquis' is correct in France, and 'Margrave' in Germany for a local ruler.

paragraphs: This title was usually granted by a monarch to reward a subject for longtime faithful service or some very notable deeds. The title is hereditary, meaning that is passes from a father to his eldest son. Usually if a man holding this title dies without having any male heirs, the title is said to become extinct, meaning that it is no longer held by anyone living.

paragraphs: The female equivalent of this title may be styled marquess. This rank may be held by the wife of a marquis or granted to a woman in her own right.

paragraphs: A woman with the rank of marquess is called a marchionesse in the U.K. and elsewhere a marquise.


title: Division of Kooyong

paragraphs: The Division of Kooyong is an Australian Electoral Division in the state of Victoria. It was one of the divisions for the first Federal election in 1901. It includes the suburbs of Kew, Hawthorn, Hawthorn East, Balwyn, Canterbury, Camberwell and Surrey Hills. It is named after the suburb of Kooyong. "Kooyong" is an Indigenous Australian word meaning "resting place". Because of boundary changes over the years, the suburb of Kooyong is no longer in the Division and is now in the Division of Higgins.

paragraphs: Kooyong has been held by non-Labor parties since 1901. Famous members include the Opposition Leader and later Chief Justice John Latham, Prime Minister Sir Robert Menzies and Opposition Leader Andrew Peacock.


title: Maiara Walsh

paragraphs: Maiara Walsh (February 18, 1988) is a Brazilian-American actress. She acts in motion pictures and television. She played Ana Solis in the ABC sitcom "Desperate Housewives", Meena Paroom in "Cory in the House" and Simone in "Switched at Birth". She also played Sarah in "The Vampire Diaries". Walsh was born in Seattle.


title: Bella Heathcote

paragraphs: Isabella "Bella" Heathcote (March 3, 1988) is an Australian actress who acts on television programs. She played Amanda Fowler on the Australian soap opera "Neighbours". Heathcote also starred in the 2010 movie "Not Fade Away". She was born near Melbourne.


title: Kevin Hart

paragraphs: Kevin Darnell Hart (born July 6, 1979) is an American actor and comedian. He is known for his roles in "Paper Soldiers", "Scary Movie 3", "Along Came Polly", "Soul Plane", "The Wedding Ringer", "Think Like a Man", "Ride Along", "Get Hard", "The Secret Life of Pets", "", "" and "The Upside".

paragraphs: Hart was born on July 6, 1979 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He studied the Community College. Hart has been married to Torrei Hart from 2003 until they divorced in 2011. They had two children. In 2016, he married Eniko Parrish. They have three children.

paragraphs: On September 1, 2019, Hart was involved in a serious car crash near Malibu, California. He and the driver suffered "major back injuries" and were taken to hospitals.


title: Bob Gunton

paragraphs: Robert Patrick "Bob" Gunton, Jr. (born November 15, 1945) is an American actor. He is known for his role as Warden Samuel Norton in the 1994 movie "The Shawshank Redemption".

paragraphs: Gunton was born on November 15, 1945 in Santa Monica, California. He studied at Mater Dei High School and at University of California, Irvine. Gunton was married to Annie McGreevey from 1980 until they divorced in 2006. He has been married to Carey Pitts since 2006. He has one child with McGreevey.


title: Tania Raymonde

paragraphs: Tania Raymonde (born March 22, 1988) is an American actress. She began acting at age twelve. She played Cynthia Sanders in "Malcolm in the Middle". She also acts in movies.


title: The Shawshank Redemption

paragraphs: The Shawshank Redemption is an American crime drama movie from 1994. It was written originally as a screenplay by Shawn Patrick Patterson

paragraphs: and directed by Frank Darabont. The movie is based on Stephen King's book Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption. It stars Tim Robbins, Morgan Freeman, Clancy Brown, Bob Gunton, and James Whitmore with Jeffrey DeMunn. James Kisicki played a small role as the bank manager. It was released on October 14, 1994.

paragraphs: In 1947, Andy Dufresne is convicted of murdering his wife and her lover and is sentenced to two consecutive life terms in prison. Andy is transferred to the Shawshank Stage Penitentiary, where he is introduced to Samuel L. Norton, warden of the prison, alongside with Byron Hadley, chief captain of the guards. As his sentence unfolds, he meets Ellis Boyd Redding, an inmate also serving a life sentence. Andy is assigned to work in the prison's laundromat, and around the same time, he has various encounters with Bogs Diamond and his henchmen known as "The Sisters", who attack Andy during their encounters.

paragraphs: In 1949, Hadley is explaining that he is being taxed on an inheritance, and Andy offers to help him legal shelter some money to avoid penalization by the IRS. Bogs and his henchmen attack Andy again, forcing him to the infirmary for a month. Hadley savagely beats Bogs in retribution, paralyzing him and transferring him to a prison hospital upstate. Andy is assigned to help out elderly inmate Brooks Halten in the prison's library, where he helps resolve financial matters by writing weekly letters to the state legislature requesting funds.

paragraphs: In 1954, Brooks is paroled after serving fifty years, but he cannot adjust to the outside world, and commits suicide by hanging himself. The legislature Andy receives is a copy of "The Marriage of Figaro". He plays the music over the P.A. system, much to the warden's resentment, and is sentenced to solitary confinement for two weeks. In 1963, Norton begins exploiting prison labor for public works, profiting by undercutting skilled labor costs and receiving bribes. Andy launders the money using the alias "Randall Stephens".

paragraphs: In 1965, Tommy Williams is incarcerated for burglary. Andy helps Tommy pass his GED exam. In 1966, Tommy explains to Andy that his cellmate at another prison had claimed responsibility for the murders for which Andy was convicted. Andy turns this information in to Norton, but when he considers the warden obtuse and mentions about the money laundering, Norton has Andy sentenced to solitary confinement again. Norton summons Tommy outside one night to feign an escape attempt and orders Hadley shoot him to death as a show of execution. Norton visits Andy in his solitary cell to explain about Tommy's execution, and intends to seal off the library, remove Andy's protection from the guards, and move him to worse conditions in the area of the most hardened criminals. Andy opposes, and is given another month in solitary. After two months in solitary, Andy discusses his plans with Ellis about moving to a Mexican coastal town if he ever escapes prison.

paragraphs: During the next roll call, the guards find Andy's cell vacant, prompting them to sound the alarm for Norton, who demands an explanation of Andy's whereabouts. Irate and paranoid, Norton hurls some rocks, which one of them rips a poster, finding a big hole in the wall. A flashback shows Andy using rope to escape through the tunnel and a sewage pipe, taking Norton's suit, shoes, and ledger, containing proof of the money laundering. After his escape, Andy poses as Randall Stephens, withdraws the laundered money from several banks, and mails the ledger and other evidence of the corruption and murders at Shawshank to a local newspaper. FBI agents and state police storm Shawshank and arrest Hadley, while Norton dies from a self-inflicted gunshot wound to avoid his arrest.

paragraphs: After forty years, Ellis is paroled. He visits a hayfield in Maine and finds a mysterious tree in the wilderness. He finds a cache containing money and a letter asking him to come to Zihuatanejo. Feeling hope, Ellis travels to Fort Hancock, Texas and crosses the boarder to Mexico. He the reaches a beach in Zihuatanejo, reuniting with Andy.

paragraphs: Despite its poor box office returns, "The Shawshank Redemption" opened to generally positive reviews.Roger Ebert gave the movie 3.5 stars out of 4.


title: Cariba Heine

paragraphs: Cariba Heine (born October 1, 1988) is an actress who acts in movies and in television. She was born in Johannesburg, South Africa, and was raised in Australia. She played Bridget Sanchez in the movie "Blue Water High". She also had many other movies.


title: Harry Dean Stanton

paragraphs: Harry Dean Stanton (July 14, 1926 – September 15, 2017) was an American actor, musician, and singer. He was known for his roles in "Paris, Texas", "Kelly's Heroes", "Dillinger", "Straight Time", "Alien", "Repo Man", "Pretty in Pink", "The Last Temptation of Christ", "Wild at Heart", "The Green Mile", "The Pledge", "Rango" and "Lucky".

paragraphs: Stanton was a favorite of the late movie critic Roger Ebert who has said that "no movie featuring either Harry Dean Stanton or M. Emmet Walsh in a supporting role can be altogether bad." However, Ebert later admitted that "Dream a Little Dream" (1989), in which Stanton appeared, was a "clear violation" of this rule.

paragraphs: For his role in "Lucky", Stanton was posthumously awarded the Satellite Award in 2018 alongside Gary Oldman.

paragraphs: Stanton was born on July 14, 1926 in West Irvine, Kentucky. He studied at the University of Kentucky.

paragraphs: Stanton died on the afternoon of September 15, 2017 at a hospital in Los Angeles, California of respiratory failure at the age of 91.


title: Quora

paragraphs: Quora is a website for asking questions and posting answers. The company was launched in 2009 and the website opened in 2010.

paragraphs: Quora was founded by Adam D'Angelo and Charlie Cheever, both of them work for Facebook.

paragraphs: Making a Quora account is free and asking questions are free as well. Quora does not pay anyone for answering the questions asked by other users.

paragraphs: Quora has a Upvote/Downvote system. If you like an answer, you can upvote it and if you do not like it you can downvote it. Any user can upvote or downvote a question' answer no matter whether he asked that question or not. Quora has some strict policies to fight with spam and people posting copied content. If you do not follow them, your account will be suspended by the Quora Moderation team.


title: Gerry Bednob

paragraphs: Gerry Bednob (born May 18, 1950) is an American actor and comedian of Indo Trinidadian heritage.

paragraphs: Gerry currently appears as Bling Bling Shelton in "Free Radio" on Vh1. He had a role in the 2010 movie "Furry Vengeance", with Brendan Fraser and Brooke Shields, playing Mr. Gupta. He is also the uncle of Michelle Jhagroo. He also appeared in "The 40-Year-Old Virgin".


title: Chinese Rail DF4D

paragraphs: The DF4D (4D) is a kind of diesel locomotive used in China. It was built by Dalian Locomotive & Rolling Stock Works. It has been in production since 1996 and is still produced as of 2012. It is the common locomotive in China and is used for both passenger and freight services.

paragraphs: The first DF4D was built in 1996 in Dalian. The 0000 Series locomotives used the 16V240ZJD engine. It took several years to build all 580 locomotives of this type.It is called "Tiger" by Chinese raliway fans.

paragraphs: The first 3000 Series was built in 1999 in Dalian. It had full suspension bogies, electro-pneumatic braking system and fully enclosed electrical cabinets, ZD106 traction motor, and change the gear ratio. It is called "Flower Tiger" by Chinese raliway fans.

paragraphs: The first two 4000 Series locomotives were built in 1999 in Dalian,but using the number 0241 and 0242.

paragraphs: The 4000 Series' maximum operating speed is adjusted to 100 km / h, locomotive the starting tractive significantly increased to 480 kN, continuous tractive effort increased dramatically to 341 kN.

paragraphs: A 4000 Series Locomotive which numbered 1893 is 4th generation of Mao Zedong Locomotive. It has delisted.

paragraphs: 4000 Series Locomotive is called "Ukraine" by Chinese raliway fans,because the coating color of the car looks like the Ukrainian flag upside down.

paragraphs: In order to adjust the mountain railways in southwest China, the first 7000 Series locomotive was built in 2000 in Dalian.The 7000 Series Locomotive using two three-axis self-steering radial bogies,but these 21 locomotives were replaced the ordinary bogies in 2007.

paragraphs: 7000 Series Locomotive is called "Liuzhou Tiger" by Chinese raliway fans,because it spent it's working life on Liuzhou Locomotive Depot of Nanning Railway Bureau.


title: Lee Weaver

paragraphs: Lee Weaver (born April 10, 1930) is an American movie and television actor. He is known for his role in "O Brother, Where Art Thou?". He also appeared in "The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air".

paragraphs: Weaver was born on April 10, 1930 in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. He has been married to

paragraphs: Ta-Tanisha since 1971. They have one child. Weaver now lives in The Bronx, New York.


title: Beth Behrs

paragraphs: Beth Behrs (born December 26, 1985) is an American actress. She stars in the CBS sitcom "2 Broke Girls". Her first movie role was in "".

paragraphs: Behrs was born on December 26, 1985 in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. , Behrs' boyfriend and husband was actor Michael Gladis. They married in 2018.


title: Kat Dennings

paragraphs: Kat Dennings (born Katherine Litwack; June 13, 1986) is an American actress. She began her career with a role in an episode of the HBO dramedy series "Sex and the City". Dennings has since appeared in the movies "The 40-Year-Old Virgin", "Big Momma's House 2", "Charlie Bartlett", "Raise Your Voice", "The House Bunny", "Defendor", "Nick and Norah's Infinite Playlist", and "Thor". She also co-stars in the CBS television series "2 Broke Girls". She has also guest starred in "The Newsroom".

paragraphs: Dennings was born on June 13, 1986 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She was homeschooled; her only enrollment at a traditional school was for a half-day at Friends' Central School. In December 2011, Dennings began dating "2 Broke Girls" recurring actor Nick Zano.


title: Liberal Party (1922)

paragraphs: The Liberal Party, Liberal Union or the Liberal Union Party, was a political party in Australia. It was based in Victoria and South Australia. Active mainly in 1922, the party was formed by members of the Nationalist Party of Australia who did not support the leader, Prime Minister Billy Hughes.

paragraphs: The party was begun by two Victorian men, Thomas Ashworth and Charles Merrett. Two federal Nationalist MPs, Victorian William Watt and South Australian Richard Foster, joined the Liberal Party. In the 1922 federal election three more MPs (John Latham from Victoria, and Malcolm Cameron and Jack Duncan-Hughes from South Australia) were elected.

paragraphs: When the new Country Party refused to support Hughes, he decided to retire and leave the Prime Ministership to Stanley Bruce. All five Liberals rejoined the Nationalist Party, although they remained officially Liberals until 1925.


title: Gallurese dialect

paragraphs: Gallurese ("") is a Romance language spoken in the northeastern part of Sardinia. It is seen as being related to the Corsican language and Sardinian language.

paragraphs: The language takes its name from the region of Gallura.


title: Sassarese language

paragraphs: Sassarese (local name "Sassaresu" or "Turritanu") is a Romance language. It is related to the Corsican language and the Sardinian language. It is also related to Gallurese. The latter is regarded as a Corsican dialect despite the geographic location, although this attribution is a matter of controversy. It can be considered a transitional language between Italo-Dalmatian languages

paragraphs: Sassarese is spoken by approximately 120,000 people in the northwest coastal areas of Sardinia, Italy.


title: Samoset

paragraphs: Samoset (ca. 1590–1653) was the first Native American to speak with the Pilgrims in Plymouth Colony. On March 16, 1621, the people were very surprised when Samoset walked straight into Plymouth Colony where the people were living. He greeted them in English. Samoset said he had learned some of the language from some English fishermen that came to Maine.

paragraphs: Samoset was member of the Wampanoag tribe that lived in Maine. He was an important man within his tribe. Samoset talked with the leaders of Plymouth Colony. A few days later he came back with Squanto, an native leader who also spoke English.

paragraphs: Samoset is also sometimes called Somerset. The name Somerset may have been given by the English men who came from Somerset in England. Capt. Levett met Samoset, along with other Native American leaders, in 1624 in the harbor of present-day Portland, Maine.

paragraphs: This is part of an account of the first meeting with Samoset by the people of Plymouth Colony:

paragraphs: This story was adapted for an episode of "The Mayflower Voyagers", of the Peanuts television miniseries "This is America, Charlie Brown".

paragraphs: Samoset appeared in "William Bradford: The First Thanksgiving", 1992 direct-to-video episode of "Animated Hero Classics". He was voiced by Michael Howard.

paragraphs: The Samoset Council of the Boy Scouts of America (located in northern Wisconsin) is named after Samoset.


title: 2013 Connecticut train crash

paragraphs: A Metro-North Railroad train from New York City heading to New Haven, Connecticut collided with another train on May 17, 2013. This event happened at 6:10 PM (EST). An east-bound Metro-North train went off its tracks and collided with a west-bound train near Fairfield, Connecticut.

paragraphs: On May 17, 2013, officials shut down the train which usually carries between 125,000 people daily. It is one of the most busiest trains in the area. Metro-North was also shut down. All Amtrak trains that uses the New York City-New Haven path are shut down. This is to avoid further collisions. Because of a bridge replacement, the two trains were the only way going and coming from New York City.

paragraphs: Investigators believe the trains collided because the tracks were damaged. Some say the damage was done when the trains collided. Others believe it was damaged before the two trains collided with each other. The wreckage of the trains were found to be as far as 200 yards away from the area the accident happened. Many cars that were near the event were heavily damaged. Connecticut governor, Dannel Malloy, believes this investigation will last several days. The FBI were part of the investigations. On May 18, they were no longer a part of the investigation crew.

paragraphs: One person is in critical condition at Bridgeport Hospital in Bridgeport, Connecticut as of May 19, 2013. There were five who were critically injured. One of them was "very critically injured". Six patients who were injured remain in St. Vincent's Medical Center, also in Bridgeport. Nine people are currently in the hospital, with 70 injured. Some reports state 60 people were injured. Many people saw broken limbs after this happened.

paragraphs: Many people on the train had to break one of the trains windows to get out. There are no reported deaths. Many bodies flew out of the two trains.

paragraphs: The Metro-North train left from Grand Central Station in New York City at 4:41 p.m (EST) on May 17, 2013. There were 300 passengers on the train. It went off its track near I-95 in Bridgeport, Connecticut. The other train left New Haven, Connecticut at 5:30 pm. This train had 400 passengers. The two collided with each other at 6:10 pm near Fairfield, Connecticut.

paragraphs: Connecticut governor, Dan Malloy said in a press conference on May 18 that the investigation will be on-going for a couple days. A National Transportation Safety Board member Earl Weener said that they will not release further details on what happened. Bridgeport Mayor, Bill Finch believes the cost could hurt the region's economy by millions of US dollars.

paragraphs: US senator Chris Murphy said that he is very pleased that no one has died from the collision. Richard Blumenthal, US senator, also said to the "New York Daily News" that he is happy to know no one has died.


title: Fairfield, Connecticut

paragraphs: Fairfield is a town in Fairfield County, Connecticut. It is bordered by the towns of Bridgeport, Trumbull, Easton, Redding and Westport, Connecticut. As of the 2010 census, the town had a population of 59,404. In July 2006, "Money" magazine ranked Fairfield the ninth "best place[s] to live" in the United States. They also said it is the best place to live in the northeastern part of the United States.


title: Isaac Allerton

paragraphs: Isaac Allerton ( 15601659) was born in England. In 1620, he travelled on the "Mayflower" with his wife, three children and apprentice John Hooke.

paragraphs: Allerton belonged to the religion which was not allowed in England. In 1614 he and his family moved to Leiden Netherlands where he worked as a tailor. He married and had three children.

paragraphs: The Allerton family and John Hooke, left Plymouth, England on 16 September 1620. There were 102 passengers and 30–40 crew. On 19 November 1620, the "Mayflower" spotted land. They had intended to go to Virginia Colony but the ship was damaged so they landed at Cape Cod on 21 November. They wrote the Mayflower Compact, which made rules on how they would live and treat each other. Allerton signed the document.

paragraphs: In the first year many people died from the cold weather and hunger including Allerton's wife and his apprentice. Allerton worked with Plymouth Governors to help save the colony.

paragraphs: Starting in 1626, Allerton made many trips back and forth to England. The Mayflower passengers owed money to people in England who had helped pay for their voyage. Allerton was supposed to go to England and pay off some of this debt. Some of the people did not think that he was honest with the money. On one of his trips back from England, in 1630, Allerton came back without some of the supplies which they very much needed.

paragraphs: In 1634, another sickness came to Plymouth Colony which caused many people to die including Allerton's second wife Fear.

paragraphs: Allerton died in 1659 in New Haven, Connecticut. His first wife, Mary died in 1621 and was buried in Cole's Hill Burial Ground, Plymouth. The burial place of his second wife, Fear is unknown.


paragraphs: The Victims of Terrorist Attack on the Pentagon Memorial is a memorial dedicated to the victims of the September 11 attacks 2001 on The Pentagon. The memorial is shaped as a pentagon. It has the names of the victims of the attack by the American Airlines Flight 77 and the victims who died in the building. The memorial was opened in 2002 in the section of the victims graves at the Arlington National Cemetery.


title: Patrick Geddes

paragraphs: Sir Patrick Geddes (2 October 1854 – 17 April 1932) was a Scottish biologist, sociologist, geographer, philanthropist and pioneering town planner. He developed a new urban theoris, including the second master plan of Jerusalem in 1919. He also developed the first master plan of Tel Aviv in 1925 that included the Bauhaus architecture in the White City of Tel Aviv. His other work was in India during the period of British India. A small memorial board to Patrick Geddes is under a bridge of the Heil HaShirion Street in Tel Aviv.


title: White City of Tel Aviv

paragraphs: The White City of Tel Aviv (, ) is the name of the Bauhaus (also called "internatioanl style") architectural area in Tel Aviv. After the 1920s eclectic architecture period in Tel Aviv, in the 1930s a new architectural style came to the city by Jewish-German architects. They brought the new style of the bauhaus to parts of the city. In 2003, these areas of Tel Aviv were declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO for their unique architecture, under the name: White City of Tel Aviv. In 2000, the Tel Aviv Bauhaus Center opened in Dizengoff Street and in 2010 the Tel Aviv Bauhaus Museum opened in Bialik street next to the old City Hall.


title: Jerusalem Biblical Zoo

paragraphs: The Tisch Family Zoological Gardens in Jerusalem (), also called the Jerusalem Biblical Zoo, is a public zoo in Jerusalem, Israel. It has all the animals that are in the Jewish Bible and the Talmud books. The zoo was established in Jerusalem in 1940. It moved many times until it moved to a permanent location near the Givat Masua neighborhood in 1993. A new aquarium dedicated to the fishes of the Land of Israel is planned for the near future.


title: Trumpeldor Cemetery

paragraphs: Trumpeldor Cemetery (, also called the Tel Aviv old cemetery) is a cemetery in Tel Aviv, Israel. It is in Trumpeldor Street, in the middle of the city. Many cultural and historical people are buried there, including Moshe Sharett, the second Prime Minister of Israel, and Max Nordau. The cemetery was founded in 1902. It was the first cemetery in Tel Aviv.


title: Yarkon Cemetery

paragraphs: The Yarkon Cemetery is a cemetery in Petah Tikva, Israel. Many cultural and famous Israeli artists are buried there, including Ofra Haza. The cemetery was established in 1991. It is named for the Yarkon River that extends along the cemetery.


title: Tarzan the Fearless

paragraphs: Tarzan the Fearless (1933) is both a 71-minute movie and a 12-chapter movie serial. It stars Buster Crabbe as Tarzan. This was his only appearance as Tarzan. The movie consisted of the first four chapters of the serial. "Tarzan the Fearless" was released in both formats on August 11, 1933.

paragraphs: Tarzan rescues elderly scientist Dr. Brooks. The man is held by the followers of Zar, God of the Emerald Fingers. His daughter Mary has also been searching for him. Tarzan searches for Mary. Everyone is captured by the people of Zar. They are brought before Eltar, the high priest. Two evil safari guides are killed. The others are freed, but they must never return. Mary and her father decide to stay with Tarzan.


title: Flash Gordon's Trip to Mars

paragraphs: Flash Gordon's Trip to Mars is a 1938 15-chapter science fiction Flash Gordon movie serial. It is based on a comic strip by Alex Raymond. It is the second of the three Flash Gordon movie serials made between 1936 and 1940. It is the second of the three Flash Gordon serials from Universal.

paragraphs: Buster Crabbe stars as Flash Gordon with Jean Rogers as Dale Arden, Frank Shannon as Dr. Zarkov, Charles B. Middleton as Ming the Merciless, and Beatrice Roberts as Queen Azura.

paragraphs: Flash, Dale, and Zarkov discover that Ming the Merciless and Azura, Queen of Mars, have joined forces to conquer Earth with a dangerous raybeam. Martians that oppose the two evil ones are turned into clay humanoids. The heroes join the humanoids to defeat the evil Ming and Azura.


title: The African Queen

paragraphs: The African Queen is a 1952 Anglo-American jungle adventure romance movie. It is based on the 1935 story "The African Queen" by C. S. Forester. The movie was directed by John Huston. The movie stars Humphrey Bogart and Katharine Hepburn. It is set in Africa in 1914.

paragraphs: Bogart won an Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance. The movie has been selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry, with the Library of Congress deeming it "culturally, historically or aesthetically significant".


title: The Lady of Shalott

paragraphs: "The Lady of Shalott" is a poem by the English poet Alfred, Lord Tennyson (1809–1892). Like his other early poems – "Sir Lancelot and Queen Guinevere" and "Galahad" – the poem is about Arthurian subject matter loosely based on medieval sources.


title: Tarzan (television series)

paragraphs: Tarzan is a television series. It aired on NBC from 1966 to 1968. Tarzan was played by Ron Ely. The character is depicted as a well-educated man who has tired of civilization and returns to the jungle where he was raised. The show kept many of the elements of the classic movie series, such as "Cheeta". Other elements, such as "Jane", were dropped. This is because the producer Sy Weintraub wanted a "new look" for the story. CBS aired reruns during the summer of 1969.


title: Flash Gordon Conquers the Universe

paragraphs: Flash Gordon Conquers the Universe is a 1940 12-chapter science fiction Flash Gordon movie serial. It was the last of the three Flash Gordon serials by Universal Pictures.

paragraphs: Buster Crabbe plays Flash Gordon with Carol Hughes as Dale Arden, Frank Shannon as Dr. Zarkov, Shirley Deane as Princess Aura, and

paragraphs: Charles B. Middleton as Ming the Merciless. Jean Rogers had played Dale Arden in the two previous Flash Gordon serials, but did not want to repeat the role. Hughes played the role.

paragraphs: Ming the Merciless causes a plague on Earth. Flash, Dale, and Zarkov distribute an antidote. Ming sends an army of robot bombs after the three. Flash and friends kill Ming by locking him in a tower, then crashing a rocket ship into it. Ming's last words are "I am the universe!". Zarkov announces that Flash Gordon has "conquered the universe".


title: Tarzan Escapes

paragraphs: Tarzan Escapes is a 1936 jungle adventure Tarzan movie. It is based on the fictional characters and concepts created by Edgar Rice Burroughs. It is the third of the six MGM "Tarzan" movies starring Johnny Weissmuller and Maureen O'Sullivan.

paragraphs: Captain Fry (Buckler), a hunter, captures Tarzan to put him on public display. Fry makes a deal with an unfriendly native tribe to give him food, canoes, and protection for the journey back to civilization. Fry's plan goes wrong when the natives capture Tarzan in his cage. Tarzan escapes with the help of elephants and Cheeta. Fry falls into a quicksand bog and dies. Tarzan and Jane are reunited at their treehouse.


title: Eternity

paragraphs: Eternity is a time without end, or infinite time. It is usually used when talking about heaven or hell.


title: King of the Jungle

paragraphs: King of the Jungle is a 1933 Paramount Pictures movie. It was directed by H. Bruce Humberstone and Max Marcin. It stars Buster Crabbe and Frances Dee.

paragraphs: Kaspa, a man raised in the African jungles by lions is captured by circus people and taken to New York City with his lion friends. The man escapes as the ship nears New York. Dressed in nothing but a loin cloth, he encounters a pretty girl on the streets who teaches him English. They fall in love. When a fire breaks out in the Brooklyn Zoo, panic stricken animals begin running wild in the streets. Kaspa saves the day.


title: Jean Rogers

paragraphs: Jean Rogers (March 25, 1916 – February 24, 1991) was an American movie actress. She starred in movie serials in the 1930s and B-movies in the 1940s. She played Dale Arden in the two movie serials "Flash Gordon" (1936) and "Flash Gordon's Trip to Mars" (1938). She was wanted for the third and final serial, "Flash Gordon Conquers the Universe", but declined.


title: King of the Congo

paragraphs: King of the Congo is a movie serial. It is the 48th movie serial released by Columbia Pictures. It was based on the comic book character "Thun'da", created by Frank Frazetta. Buster Crabbe stars as Thunda and his alter ego Capt. Roger Drum. "King of the Congo" was both the last Tarzan-style serial and the last serial to star Buster Crabbe. Crabbe starred in nine serials between 1933 and 1952.


title: Division of Macquarie

paragraphs: The Division of Macquarie is an Australian Electoral Division in New South Wales. It was one of the original 75 divisions set up for the first federal election in 1901. It is named for Lachlan Macquarie, who was Governor of New South Wales between 1810 and 1821. Its best known member is Ben Chifley (ALP), who was Prime Minister of Australia from 1945 to 1949.

paragraphs: It covers a large area west of Sydney, including the Blue Mountains, and the Hawkesbury region on Sydney's western edge. At different times it has included the city of Bathurst.


title: Iván Sánchez

paragraphs: Iván Sánchez (born Madrid, Spain, November 19, 1974) is a Spanish actor and model.

paragraphs: Sánchez was born on November 19, 1974 in Madrid. When he finished school he realized that his dream was to see the world. He worked as a model in different places in the world.

paragraphs: After his time as a model, Sánchez started acting. His first starring role was in 2005, in "El auténtico Rodrigo Leal". That series ridiculed the "Big Brother" type reality shows. His big break came a year later when he was offered the role of Doctor Raul Lara in the series "Hospital Central". Sánchez also acted in movies including "Besos de gato" (2003).

paragraphs: He starred in the series" El auténtico Rodrigo Leal" (2005). Since 2006, he has played physician Raul Lara del SAMUR in" Hospital Central". He also acted in "El pantano" (2003), "Javier ya no vive solo" (2003), "El comisario" (2003), "La sopa boba" (2004) and "Con dos tacones" (2006) and others.

paragraphs: In the theater, Sánchez acted in "Fool for Love".

paragraphs: In March 2011, Sánchez left "Hospital Central" to join the Spanish-American telenovela "La Reina del Sur" and later for the second season of "Hispania, la leyenda".

paragraphs: In 2013, Sánchez will start playing antagonist Hernán Saldaña in "La tempestad"..

paragraphs: Sánchez partner is the actress Elia Galera, who also worked on "Hospital Central". In 2006, their daughter Jimena was born. In 2010, their daughter Olivia was born. In 2011 they terminated their relationship, after six years of dating.


title: Division of Capricornia

paragraphs: The Division of Capricornia is an Australian Electoral Division in Queensland. The division was one of the original 75 divisions set up for the first federal election in 1901. It is named for the Tropic of Capricorn, which runs through the Division. It covers the area around Rockhampton on the central Queensland coast. It includes the towns of Mount Morgan and Yeppoon, and Great Keppel Island.

paragraphs: The most famous member was Frank Forde, who was the Prime Minister of Australia for eight days in 1945.


title: McLean, Virginia

paragraphs: McLean, Virginia, is a rich town in northern Virginia. It is part of the Washington, DC commuter area. Dick Cheney and Robert Kennedy lived in the town.


title: Division (military)

paragraphs: A division in an army is about 10,000- 20,000 soldiers, led by a Major General. It is made up of several brigades. In a Navy it has a different meaning. It usually refers to a sub-unit of several ships within a squadron or flotilla.


title: Discipline

paragraphs: Discipline is an important idea in organizing human action, including in the family and in work. It is related to the word disciple. To discipline a child is to punish the child for bad behavior. Spanking is or was considered a method of child discipline. Self-discipline is controlling your own actions.

paragraphs: Military discipline is training people to obey rules and keep order. A disciplined soldier is one who can act even while afraid for his life. A disciplined person is one who does what must be done to achieve his goals, even if it is difficult.


title: Tarzan the Ape Man

paragraphs: Tarzan the Ape Man is a 1932 jungle adventure Tarzan movie. It is based on Edgar Rice Burroughs' book "Tarzan of the Apes". It is the first of the six MGM Tarzan movies starring Johnny Weissmuller and Maureen O'Sullivan. Tarzan's yell was first heard in this movie. The animal character of Cheeta was created for this movie.

paragraphs: An African expedition led by James Parker is searching for the elephant burial grounds. Parker's daughter Jane is captured by Tarzan. At first, Jane is terrified. As time passes, she accepts him. She wants him to come to London with her, but Tarzan returns to the jungle. The expedition is captured by pygmies. Jane sends Tarzan's ape friend Cheeta for help. Tarzan comes to the rescue. Jane's father dies. Jane stays in the jungle with Tarzan.


title: Tarzan and His Mate

paragraphs: Tarzan and His Mate is a 1934 romantic jungle adventure Tarzan movie. It is based on the fictional characters and concepts created by Edgar Rice Burroughs. It is the second of the six MGM "Tarzan" movies starring Johnny Weissmuller and Maureen O'Sullivan. In 2003, the United States Library of Congress deemed the film "culturally, historically or aesthetically significant". It was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry.

paragraphs: Tarzan and Jane are living in the jungle. Harry Holt and his business partner Martin Arlington want to steal the ivory from an elephant graveyard. Martin shoots an elephant. Jane keeps Tarzan from killing Martin. Martin tries to kill Tarzan. Jane thinks Tarzan is dead. She decides to leave the jungle. Cheeta and his ape friends nurse Tarzan back to health. Martin and Holt are killed by lions. Tarzan and his army of apes and elephants save Jane from the lions.


title: Tarzan of the Apes (1918 movie)

paragraphs: Tarzan of the Apes is a 1918 silent movie. It was directed by Scott Sidney. It stars Elmo Lincoln and Enid Markey. The movie was the first Tarzan movie ever made. It is based on Edgar Rice Burroughs's book "Tarzan of the Apes". The movie adapts only the first part of the book. The rest of the book became the sequel, "The Romance of Tarzan". The movie is considered the most faithful to the book of all the movie adaptations.

paragraphs: Lord and Lady Greystoke are passengers on a ship bound for Africa. When the ship is taken over by mutineers, the two are left on a tropical coast. They die. Their infant son is adopted by Kala, an ape. She raises him as her own.

paragraphs: The young Tarzan (Gordon Griffith) grows up among the apes. He becomes their king. A sailor discovers Tarzan. He reports to Tarzan's relatives in England. An expedition led by Professor Porter sets off to find Tarzan.

paragraphs: The now-adult Tarzan (Elmo Lincoln) rescues Porter's daughter Jane (Enid Markey) when native villagers kidnap her. Tarzan romances her, and she comes to accept his love.


title: Elmo Lincoln

paragraphs: Elmo Lincoln (Otto Elmo Linkenhelt, February 6, 1889June 27, 1952) was an American movie actor. He played the first movie Tarzan in "Tarzan of the Apes" (1918). He played Tarzan in two other movies, "The Romance of Tarzan" (1918) and the movie serial "The Adventures of Tarzan" (1921). He appeared, uncredited, in two Tarzan movies in the 1940s. He was a circus roustabout in "Tarzan's New York Adventure" (1942), and a fisherman repairing his net in "Tarzan's Magic Fountain" (1949). His last movie was "Carrie" in 1952. He has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 7042 Hollywood Boulevard.


title: Ron Ely

paragraphs: Ronald Pierce "Ron" Ely (born June 21, 1938) is an American actor and writer. He was born in Hereford, Texas. Ely played Tarzan in the 1966 NBC television series "Tarzan". He played the title role in the 1975 movie "". He writes mystery books.


title: Barbarastollen underground archive

paragraphs: The Barbarastollen underground archive is an underground archive for preserve Germany’s cultural heritage. The Barbarastollen is in a mine near Freiburg im Breisgau, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It holds microfilms with about 900 million images from German archives and museums.

paragraphs: The Barbarastollen tunnel is the only cultural property in Germany under the protection of the Hague Convention of UNESCO. It is named after Saint Barbara. The entire complex is buried under 400 meters of rock. It is intended to survive a nuclear war. It is estimated that its contents should survive for at least 500 years without any serious damage.


title: Ngaanyatjarra Pitjantatjara Yankunytjatjara Women's Council

paragraphs: The Ngaanyatjarra Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Women's Council (NPY Women's Council, or NPYWC) is a community-based organisation that serves women of the Ngaanyatjarra, Pitjantjatjara and Yankunytjatjara communities in remote central Australia. It was formed in 1980, with its headquarters in Alice Springs. It provides a range of community, family, research and advocacy services, and represents the interests of women and their communities.

paragraphs: The idea for a women's organisation came during the late 1970s, when the Pitjantjatjara and Yankunytjatjara communities of northwestern South Australia were struggling for the rights to their land. During meetings about land rights, the women felt that their needs were not being met, so they decided to establish their own organisation. A women's meeting was held at Amaṯa in 1980. It was chaired by Pitjantjatjara elder Nganyinytja, who had been a leader among women throughout the land-rights struggle. The formation of the NPY Women's Council is said to have been partly inspired by a speech Nganyinytja made at demonstration in Adelaide later in the year.

paragraphs: The first meeting of the Women's Council was held in December 1980, in Kaṉpi. It was organised by Mantatjara Wilson and Diana James, and attended by about 40 women. Tjunmutja Myra Watson was chosen to be the organisation's first chairperson, and Diana James was chosen as the secretary.

paragraphs: The NPY Women Council's covers about 350,000 square kilometres of the remote area where the borders of Western Australia, South Australia and the Northern Territory meet. The region has a total population of about 6000. The council serves women belonging to the three indigenous groups in this region: the Ngaanyatjarra, Pitjantjatjara and Yankunytjatjara, who are closely related to one another. The area covered includes:

paragraphs: The NPY Women's Council has achieved recognition for its work. Awards include:


title: Carl Orff

paragraphs: Carl Orff (July 10, 1895 – March 29, 1982) was a German composer. Today, he is perhaps best remembered for his work Carmina Burana. Carmina Burana is a collection of texts from the Middle Ages. In 1937, Carl Orff wrote the music for some of these texts. His other well-known work, the Orff Schulwerk is aimed at teaching children about music. Carl Orff received many awards for his works. Amongst others he wrote "Reigen der Kinder", which was performed at the opening ceremony of the 1936 Summer Olympics. He also adapted the music for A Midsummer Night's Dream, which was originally written by Felix Mendelssohn. The problem was that Mendelsohn had Jewish roots, and the rulers of Germany at the time did not think this was suitable. Orff was a close friend of Kurt Huber, a prominent oppoent of the regime. Huber was a founding member of the opposition group White Rose. Huber was tried and executed in 1943.


title: Flash Gordon (1954 television series)

paragraphs: Flash Gordon is a science fiction television series. It aired from October 15, 1954 to July 15, 1955. It is based on the characters in the Flash Gordon comic strip created by Alex Raymond. The series set is set in 3203. Flash (Steve Holland), Dale Arden (Irene Champlin) and Dr. Zarkov (Joseph Nash) are agents of the Galactic Bureau of Investigation. They travel the galaxy in their ship the "Sky Flash" to battle cosmic villains under the order of Commander Paul Richards (Henry Beckman).

paragraphs: The series was filmed in West Berlin and Marseille as a West German, French and American co-production by Intercontinental Television Films and Telediffusion. The series aired in syndication throughout most of the U.S. It aired on the east coast on the DuMont Television Network.

paragraphs: The series was popular with American audiences. Critical response was positive. Modern critics brush the series off. Some critics respond positively to the series's presentation of Cold War and capitalist themes.

paragraphs: Universal Studios had held the production rights to "Flash Gordon" but allowed them to lapse. Former Universal executives Edward Gruskin and Matty Fox struck a deal with Flash Gordon owners King Features Syndicate to produce the first 26 episodes of the series. The series was produced by Gruskin and Wenzel Lüdecke. Writers for "Flash Gordon" included Gruskin, Bruce Geller and Earl Markham. Episodes were directed by Wallace Worsley, Jr. and Gunther von Fritsch.

paragraphs: Production began in May 1953, with an empty beer hall in Spandau as the main shooting location. Only the lead actors and director Worsley spoke English. Worsley said: "No matter what galaxy we explored, everyone spoke with a German accent. The use of German actors who could not speak English required us to use a lot of close-ups. I would stand behind the camera, correctly positioned for the actor's look, and read his or her line; the actor would then repeat the line, mimicking my pronunciation and emphasis."

paragraphs: The series was budgeted at USD$15,000 per episode on a three-day-per-episode shooting schedule. Worsley withdrew from the project after completing the first 26 episodes. Production was moved to Marseille under the direction of Gunther von Fritsch for the 13 final episodes.


title: Self-cannibalism

paragraphs: Self-cannibalism is the act of eating oneself. It is also called autosarcophagy.


title: Flash Gordon (1996 television series)

paragraphs: Flash Gordon is a 1996 animated science fiction television series. It is based on the Flash Gordon comic strip created by Alex Raymond in 1934. Flash has appeared in several movie serials, a 1980 Flash Gordon movie, two live action television series, and two earlier cartoon series, "The New Adventures of Flash Gordon" and "Defenders of the Earth".


title: Jack Kirby

paragraphs: Jack Kirby (August 28, 1917 – February 6, 1994) was a famous comic book artist. He worked with Stan Lee to create superhero characters The Fantastic Four, X-Men, and The Hulk. Kirby worked with Joe Simon to create Captain America.


title: Bakdash

paragraphs: Bakdash is an ice cream parlor in Damascus, Syria. It is famous in the Arab world for its "Booza (Syrian ice cream)".


title: Milliarium

paragraphs: A Milliarium (plural milliaria) was a stone that was placed alongside Roman roads. Such stones were used from about the 3rd century BC. They marked the distance between two towns, and were placed at intervals of one Roman mile. This was about 1000 milia passum, or . In the celtic provinces, leagues are often used, these are 1500 milia passum, or about .

paragraphs: Very often the stones condain the following information:

paragraphs: Even if they look like modern road signs showing the distance to given places, this was probably not the first function of these stone pillars. What seems more likely is that they were used to show the power of the person who erected them; some were probably used for propaganda. Very often, the inscription of the emperor was in Latin, but the inscription of the distance was in Greek. The ordinary population could probably read the second part, but not the first. Today between 7.000 and 8.000 such stones are known.


title: Mount Pico

paragraphs: Mount Pico () is a composite volcano (or stratovolcano); it is the highest point of the Portuguese island of Pico in the Azores. With an altitude of above sea level, it is more than twice the elevation of any other peak in the Azores, and the tallest mountain in Portugal.

paragraphs: Mount Pico is at the eastern end of Pico Island. On the top of the mountain, there is round crater about in diameter and deep. Inside this crater () there is a small elevation produced by a recent, in geological terms, eruption that is known with the name of Pico Pequeno or Piquinho, which is about high. From the base of Pico Pequeno, volcanic smoke gets out with a strong odor of sulfur.

paragraphs: In winter, the top of the mountain is covered with snow. Rains are frequent the whole year.

paragraphs: Mount Pico was made a "Natural Reserve" in 1982 to protect the mountain. The reserve () has an area of about 1,500 hectares (15 km) and is from about high to the top of the mountain.

paragraphs: There are trails for hiking and it is possible, for persons in good conditions and depending on weather, to get to the top of the mountain in around two to four hours from the beginning of the trail.

paragraphs: In the lower part of its slopes is the "Paisagem da Cultura da Vinha da Ilha do Pico" ("Landscape of the Pico Island Vineyard Culture"), classified by UNESCO as a World Heritage.


title: The Two Gentlemen of Verona

paragraphs: The Two Gentlemen of Verona is a play by William Shakespeare. It is a comedy. It is one of the first plays he wrote. According to "The Guardian", "it is far from being his most polished work".


title: Mario Party DS

paragraphs: Mario Party DS is a party board video game for the Nintendo DS. It is part of the "Mario Party" series of video games. It was released in Japan on November 8, 2007, in North America on November 19, 2007, and in Europe on November 23, 2007.

paragraphs: "Mario Party DS" features the same gameplay seen in previous "Mario Party" games. Players go around on boards to collect coins, which they can use to buy stars. Movement is done with the use of a dice block with the numbers one through ten. After all four players take their turns, a mini-game is played. The player that wins the mini-game wins coins. The winner is the player with the most stars at the end of the game. While most mini-games use the buttons and control pad, others use the console's stylus and microphone.

paragraphs: Five boards are in the game. Each board is themed towards a character in the game. Eight characters are available for players to play as.