title: Roux

paragraphs: Roux is a cooking mixture of wheat flour and butter (or other fat). It is the basis of many types of French sauce for cooking.

paragraphs: Roux is the thickening agent of three of the mother sauces of classical French cuisine: "sauce béchamel", "sauce velouté" and "sauce espagnole". Clarified butter, vegetable oils, or lard are commonly used fats. It thickens gravy, other sauces, soups and stews. It is made from equal parts of flour and fat by weight.

paragraphs: When used in Italian cooking, roux is traditionally equal parts of butter and flour. In Cajun cuisine, roux is almost always made with oil instead of butter and is dark brown in colour. This lends much richness of flavour, but less thickening power. Hungarian cuisine uses rendered lard or vegetable oil instead of butter for the preparation of "roux" (called "rántás" in Hungarian).


title: Minute Waltz

paragraphs: The "Minute Waltz" is the nickname for the Waltz in D flat major, Op. 64, No. 1 by Frederic Chopin. It was written in 1847. It is a piece of music for the piano. It is sometimes called "The Waltz of the Little Dog" (). This is because Chopin was watching a little dog chase its tail when he wrote it. The little dog was "Marquis". He belonged to Chopin's friend George Sand. Marquis had befriended Chopin. The composer mentioned Marquis in several of his letters. In one letter dated 25 November 1846, Chopin wrote: "Please thank Marquis for missing me and for sniffing at my door."

paragraphs: The waltz was published by Breitkopf & Härtel. It was the first of three waltzes in a collection of waltzes called "Trois Valses, Op. 64". The publisher gave the waltz its popular nickname "Minute". The word here means small or little. The tempo marking is Molto vivace (), but Chopin did not intend the waltz to be played in one minute as some believe. A typical performance will last between one and a half to two and a half minutes.

paragraphs: The time signature is 3/4. The waltz is 138 measures long with one fifteen-measure repeat. The waltz is written in ternary, or ABA form. The A section is characterized by a whirling line of eighth notes and triplets over the "om-pah-pah" rhythm of the waltz. The whirling line of the A section is abandoned in the B section. This section consists of a consistent half note and quarter note pattern from bar to bar. The B section breaks off and a long trill heralds the return of the A section, which is repeated in full. The waltz ends with a descending scale.

paragraphs: In popular culture, Minute Waltz was used on Pretty Little Liars, The Girlfriend Experience, One Tree Hill, and Sex and the City.


title: LGBT rights in Cyprus

paragraphs: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons in Cyprus may face legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents. Both male and female same-sex sexual activity are legal in Cyprus and civil unions became legal in November 2015.

paragraphs: In Cyprus, the socially conservative Eastern Orthodox Church has a significant influence over public opinion when it comes to LGBT-rights. However, ever since Cyprus sought membership in the European Union it has had to change its human rights legislation, including its laws regarding sexual orientation and gender identity.

paragraphs: Same-sex sexual activity is Legal within the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus since the 7th of February in 2014. Previous laws allowed three years prison sentences, according to articles 171 and 173 of its criminal code. Female homosexuality was not criminalised. Arrests for Homosexuality have occurred as recently as 2011.

paragraphs: The Laws were a legacy of British colonial rule, left over after the Island gained Independence in the 1960s. While the south decriminalised homosexuality in 1998 in order to accede to the European Union (EU) in 2004, the North's disputed status means it lies outside the EU's jurisdiction. On the 27th of January in 2014, the Assembly of the Republic, the Northern Cypriot Parliament, voted to abolish the criminal code provisions that outlawed Same-sex relations between men and males, becoming the last territory in do so within Europe in order to decriminalise Sexual relations between consenting, Adult men. The Bill was signed into Law, and published in the official gazette on the 7th of February in 2014. It took immediate effect upon publication.

paragraphs: Calls have been made by non-governmental organisations to legalise Same-sex marriage. In 2012, the Communal Democracy Party proposed a law that would have Legalised Same-sex marriages, but the Legislation was opposed by the then-ruling National Unity Party.


title: LGBT rights in Turkey

paragraphs: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons in Turkey may face legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents. Homosexuality is legal in the Republic of Turkey, but the law does not include sexual orientation or gender identity in its civil rights laws and there is no legal recognition for same-sex couples. But sexual reassignment surgery is allowed and legal sex change has been possible since 1988. In 1858, the Ottoman Caliph decriminalised homosexuality. This affected many countries in the three continents of the Old World, respectively. When Turkey became a solo nation in 1920, it didn’t see a need to change this law. Omer Akpinar, who is with KAOS LG, which is one of the largest LGBT organizations in Turkish Republic, told Mashable that their organization was never censored. Jack Scott, a British writer who moved to Turkey with his partner and who is the author of "Perking the Pansies: Jack and Liam Move to Turkey", said his talking to the real estate company Quest Turkey.

paragraphs: Turkey tends to be socially conservative when it comes to such issues as homosexuality.


title: Piano Sonata No. 16 (Mozart)

paragraphs: The Sonata No. 16 in C major, K. 545, is a piece of music for solo piano. It was composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. On 26 June 1788, he added the piece to his catalogue as "a little Piano Sonata for beginners". He may have written the piece for a pupil. If he did, that pupil is not known. In the end, the story behind the sonata is a mystery.

paragraphs: On 2 August 1788 Mozart wrote a letter to his sister Nannerl. She was living in Salzburg. He had sent her some pieces for the piano. He wrote, "Indeed you have every reason to be vexed with me! But will you really be so, when you receive by this mail coach my very latest compositions for the keyboard? Surely not! This, I hope, will make everything all right again." This passage might refer to the Sonata in C. But it may refer to other keyboard compositions Mozart wrote the same year.

paragraphs: The manuscript is lost. The piece was not published during Mozart's lifetime. It was first published in February 1805 by the Bureau des arts et d'Industrie in Vienna. It was titled "Sonate facile pour le pianoforte" (). At least three more editions were published within a short time. Breitkopf & Härtel did not include it in their Oeuvres complettes. A typical performance lasts about 14 minutes.

paragraphs: The first movement is written in sonata form. It is in the key of C major. The tempo marking is Allegro (Fast). The opening theme is accompanied by an Alberti bass played in the left hand. A bridge passage composed of scales follows, arriving at a cadence in G major, the key in which the second theme is then played. A codetta follows to conclude the exposition. The exposition is repeated. The development starts in G minor and modulates through several keys. The recapitulation begins in the subdominant key of F major. According to Charles Rosen, the practice of beginning a recapitulation in the subdominant was "rare at the time [the sonata] was written"..

paragraphs: The second movement is in the key of G major, the dominant key of C major. The music modulates to the dominant key of D major, and then back to G major in which the exposition is heard again. For the development, the music modulates to G minor, then B♭ major, then C minor, then G minor and finally back to G major, at which point the recapitulation occurs followed by a short coda.

paragraphs: The third movement is in rondo form. It is in the tonic key of C major. The first theme is lively. It sets the mood of the piece. The second theme is in G major. It has an Alberti bass in the left hand. The first theme appears again. A third theme is in a minor key. It modulates through different keys before returning to C major. The first theme appears again. It is followed by a coda, and the rondo ends in C major.

paragraphs: The finale was transcribed to F major. It was put together with a solo piano arrangement of the second movement of the violin sonata in F major. It became the Piano Sonata in F major, K. 547a.


title: Minuet in G (Beethoven)

paragraphs: The Minuet in G, WoO 10, No. 2 is a piece of music for the piano. It was composed by Ludwig van Beethoven. The piece was originally written for orchestra. This version was lost. Only an arrangement for piano exists. It is a very popular piece, especially among beginning pianists.

paragraphs: The piece is composed in what is called ternary form or ABA form. This means that the piece has three distinct sections. The first and the third sections (the A sections) are the same. The second section (the B section) is entirely different music. The B section often provides a contrast in some way to the A section. The tempo marking for the Minuet in G is Moderato. The meter is 3/4.

paragraphs: The A section is composed of two 8 bar passages for a total of 16 bars. The tune is characterized by a repetitious but elegant dotted eighth note and sixteenth note legato pattern. The first 8 bars are played and repeated. This passage begins in the tonic key of G major, and modulates to the dominant key of D major. The second 8 bars are played and repeated. This passage begins in the dominant key of D major, and modulates to the tonic key of G major. The first phrase of this passage begins with 4 bars of principally quarter notes. The phrase returns to the dotted eighth note pattern at its close. Thus, the entire A section begins and ends in the tonic key with brushes on the dominant here and there. The right hand is occupied with playing mostly thirds and sixths through the A section. The left hand plays only quarter notes.

paragraphs: Like the A section, the B section (or the Trio) is composed of two 8 bar passages for a total of 16 bars. Like the A section, it begins in the tonic key of G major, and modulates to the dominant key of D major at the end of the first 8 bars. This passage is repeated. The second 8 bars begin in the dominant key and end in the tonic key. These 8 bars are repeated. The entire B section is characterized by flowing, uninterrupted eighth notes in the right hand. The left hand plays quarter notes but briefly joins the right hand in playing eighth notes at the beginning of the second 8 bar passage. The left hand returns to playing quarter notes as the passage closes. When the B section is completed and all the repeats have been taken, the piece returns the A section. This return is usually played without performing the repeats.


title: Come On Over (Shania Twain album)

paragraphs: Come on Over is an album released by country music singer Shania Twain.

paragraphs: It is the biggest selling album by a female country singer.

paragraphs: All of the songs were written by Shania Twain and Mutt Lange.

paragraphs: Singles released off of the album include the title track, "That Don't Impress Me Much", "Man! I Feel Like A Woman!",

paragraphs: "Honey, I'm Home", "You're Still The One", "From This Moment On", "You've Got A Way", "Love Gets Me Every Time," "Don't Be Stupid!", "When", "Rock This Country!", and "I'm Holding On To Love (To Save My Life)".


title: Up! (album)

paragraphs: Up! is the fourth studio album released by country music artist Shania Twain. It was released in 2002. Shania Twain and Mutt Lange wrote all of the songs. Singles released off the album include the title track, ""It Only Hurts When I'm Breathing"", ""Ka-Ching!"", ""I'm Gonna Getcha Good!"", ""Forever and For Always"", ""She's Not Just A Pretty Face"", and ""When You Kiss Me"".


title: Newbery Medal

paragraphs: The John Newbery Medal is a literary award of the American Library Association (ALA).

paragraphs: The medal is given to writers of books for children.

paragraphs: The Newbery Medal has been given since 1922. It was the first children's literary award in the world. It is named for John Newbery, an 18th century English publisher of books for children.

paragraphs: Since 1971, there has also been the "Newbery Honor". Each year, one or more books are named "Newbery Honor books". Some books from before 1971 were also named Newbery Honor books.

paragraphs: Books with a yellow background won the Newbery Medal. Books with a white background are Newbery Honor Books.


title: Masuho, Yamanashi

paragraphs: On March 8, 2010, two towns combined to become a new town. Masuho and Kajikazawa became Fujikawa.


title: Fujikawa, Yamanashi

paragraphs: Fujikawa is a town in Minamikoma District, Yamanashi, Japan.

paragraphs: On March 8, 2010 the towns of Masuho and Kajikazawa combined to become the new town of "Fujikawa".


title: Muroran, Hokkaidō

paragraphs: Muroran is a city and port in Iburi, Hokkaidō, Japan. It is the capital city of Iburi Subprefecture.


title: Standing start

paragraphs: A standing start is a type of start in auto racing events where cars are standing still when the race begins. In a standing start, cars are completely still when a green signal is given to start the race. This often follows a set of lights that count down to the start of the race. Standing starts are common in many motorsports, including drag racing, most single-seat (Formula One and GP2 Series), Touring Cars (most notably British and World Touring Cars), V8 Supercars, and many types of short-course off-road races. The standing start often occurs following a parade lap.

paragraphs: The opposite of a standing start is a rolling start. Standing starts are often deemed safer in Formula sports because of high acceleration speeds, which could cause problems if a rolling start were used. A standing start can cause problems like stalled cars being hit by the driver who starts behind them on the grid. Motorsports using standing starts usually penalize drivers who "jump the start", or redlight, by moving before the green light is lit.


paragraphs: The Communist Party of the Russian Federation (CPRF; Russian: Коммунистическая партия Российской Федерации) is a Communist and Marxist–Leninist political party in Russia. It is the second largest political party in Russia. The party is often viewed as the successor of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU).

paragraphs: The CPSU was banned in 1991 by then-Russian President Boris Yeltsin after a failed coup attempt. The youth organisation of the party is the Leninist Young Communist League. The party is led by a Central Committee.

paragraphs: The CPRF was founded on 14 February 1993. It is founded as the successor of the Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (CPRSFSR).

paragraphs: As of 2015, the party has 160,000 members. The party's goal is to establish a new, modernized form of socialism in Russia. The party wants to nationalize natural resources, agriculture and large industries.

paragraphs: The party believes in Marxism-Leninism and patriotism. The party is known to have extreme patriotism towards Russia. The party is also known to greatly like Joseph Stalin.


title: Set Fire to the Rain

paragraphs: "Set Fire to the Rain" is the second hit song from Adele's second album "21". It was her third number-one single in the United States. It hit #1 on Billboard Hot 100, becoming her third song to do so. It reached number 12 on the year-end chart of 2012 in the US. It has also been certified quadruple-Platinum for shipments of over four million copies in the US.

paragraphs: No proper music video was shot for "Set Fire to the Rain" {as well as other singles from 21, "Rumor Has It" and "Turning Tables") as Adele had recently undergone vocal surgery. Instead, a live performance video was uploaded to her Vevo account and has received more than 380 million views as of October 2017.

paragraphs: Credits are taken from "21" liner notes.


title: Lippelo

paragraphs: Lippelo is a small town in the Belgian province of Antwerp. It is a part of the municipality of Sint-Amands. Lippelo had 1173 people as of 01/01/2006.

paragraphs: Lippelo was an independent municipality until 1976. Then, it became, along with Oppuurs, part of the municipality of Sint-Amands.


title: Seattle Thunderbirds

paragraphs: The Seattle Thunderbirds are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 1977. They currently play in the Western Hockey League. They play their home games in Kent, Washington, south of Seattle, at the ShoWare Center. They were known as the Vancouver Nats from 1971 to 73, the Kamloops Chiefs from 1973 to 77, and the Seattle Breakers from 1977 to 85.


paragraphs: Twelve Variations on "Ah vous dirai-je, Maman", K. 265/300e, is a piece of music for piano. It was composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in 1781 or 1782. The variations were first published in Vienna in 1785. The piece consists of twelve variations on the French folk song "Ah! vous dirai-je, Maman". The French melody first appeared in 1761. It has been used for many children's songs, such as "Twinkle Twinkle Little Star", "Baa, Baa, Black Sheep" and the "Alphabet Song". Only Variations XI and XII have tempo indications, "Adagio" and "Allegro" respectively.

paragraphs: It was once thought that this piece was composed in 1778 when Mozart was briefly living in Paris. It was assumed that he could only have picked up a French folk song while living in France. Based on this assumption, the piece was re-numbered from K. 265 to K. 300e in the chronological catalogue of Mozart's compositions. Later analysis of Mozart's manuscript indicated 1781/1782 as the probable composition date.


title: Russian Communist Workers' Party – Revolutionary Party of Communists

paragraphs: The Communist Workers Party of Russia - Revolutionary Party of Communists (RCWP-RPC) (Russian: Российская Коммунистическая Рабочая Партия – Революционная Партия Коммунистов)is a Communist political party in Russia. The party was created in October 2001, wanting to bring Communism and the Soviet Union back.

paragraphs: In the 1999 State Duma Election, the party got 1,481,890 votes overall. As of 2006, the party claims 55,000 members. The party also has no representatives in the State Duma or the Regional Parliaments.


title: Izhevsk

paragraphs: Izhevsk (Russian: Иже́вск) is the capital city of Udmurt Republic in Russia. The population is 628,116 people. From 1984 to 1987, the city's name was Ustinov (in honour of the Minister of Defense of the USSR and the Marshal of the Soviet Union, Dmitry Ustinov).

paragraphs: Izhevsk is a major economic center for the Udmurt Republic. Military industry is the most popular type of economy in Izhevsk. Many military companies operate in the city. The companies produce military guns that are popular in Russia and other countries. The companies also are known to produce automobiles. In 2006, the Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez took a tour in the city, and he wanted to purchase many of the popular weapons available.

paragraphs: The Izhevsk Pond is one of the most famous recreational places. It is about 22 km, and it was artificially made (some parts were even made by hand). The pond was created in the 1760s for the industry.


title: François Pierre La Varenne

paragraphs: François Pierre de la Varenne (Burgundy, 1615 – Dijon 1678) was the author of "Le Cuisinier françois" (1651), the founding text of modern French cuisine.

paragraphs: La Varenne, in the 17th century, broke with the Italian traditions that had revolutionized mediaeval French cookery in the 16th century. La Varenne wrote for professional chefs, and codified French cuisine for the age of Louis XIV.

paragraphs: The seventeenth century saw French cooking come into the modern era. The heavily spiced flavours of the Middle Ages were abandoned in favour of the natural flavours of French foods. Exotic spices (saffron, cinnamon, cumin, ginger, nutmeg, cardamom, nigella, seeds of paradise) were, with the exception of pepper, replaced by local herbs (parsley, thyme, bayleaf, chervil, sage, tarragon). New vegetables like cauliflower, asparagus, peas, cucumber and artichoke were introduced. Special care was given to the cooking of meat in order to conserve maximum flavour. Vegetables had to be fresh and tender. Fish, with the improvement of transportation, had to be impeccably fresh. Preparation had to respect the taste and visual look of the ingredients instead of masking them as had been done before.

paragraphs: La Varenne introduced the first bisque and Béchamel sauce. He replaced crumbled bread with roux as the base for sauces, and lard with butter. Here one finds the first use of the terms bouquet garni, "fonds de cuisine" (stocks) and reductions, and the use of egg-whites for clarification. It also has the earliest recipe in print for mille-feuille. The cooking of vegetables is discussed, a novelty. In a fragrant sauce for asparagus there is evidence of an early form of hollandaise sauce:

paragraphs: La Varenne had earlier (1650) written a book on "confitures"—jams, jellies and preserves. That included recipes for syrups, compotes and a great variety of fruit drinks, as well as a section on salads.

paragraphs: La Varenne wrote a third book, "Le Pâtissier françois" (Paris 1653), which was the first comprehensive French work on pastry-making. In 1662 was the first of the combined editions that presented all three works together. All the early editions of La Varenne's works—"Le Cuisinier françois" ran through some thirty editions in seventy-five years—are extremely rare; like children's books, they too were worn to pieces, in the kitchen, and simply used up.

paragraphs: Pirated editions of "Le Cuisinier françois" were printed in Amsterdam (1653) and The Hague (1654-56). Soon there were imitators: "Le cuisinier françois méthodique" was published anonymously in Paris, 1660. The English translation, "The French Cook" (London 1653) was the first French cookbook translated into English. It introduced professional terms like "à la mode", "au bleu" (very rare), and "au naturel" which are now standard culinary expressions. Its success can be gauged from the fact that over 250,000 copies were printed in about 250 editions and it remained in print until 1815.

paragraphs: La Varenne had ten years' experience as "chef de cuisine" to the Marquis d'Uxelles, to whom he dedicated his publications and whom he immortalized in "duxelles", finely-minced mushrooms seasoned with herbs and shallots, which is still a favourite flavouring for fish and vegetables.

paragraphs: "Le Cuisinier françois" was reprinted in 1983, published by Editions Montalba with a comprehensive introductory essay.


paragraphs: École des technologies numériques appliquées (ETNA) is a French private graduate school in information technology and computer science. It was made in 2005 and is in Ivry-sur-Seine.

paragraphs: The school has two courses, software development and computer network/security, and delivers a degree recognized by French State. It teaches with a dual education system.


title: Handel's Largo

paragraphs: "Handel's Largo" is the popular title for an aria composed by George Frideric Handel. He wrote it in 1738 for the opera "Serse" (). The opera was a failure. It closed after only five performances. One hundred years later though the aria was resurrected. It became a big hit. It was performed at solemn occasions such as funerals and weddings. It was arranged for all sorts of instruments and voices. It is known by many people as "Ombra mai fu" because those words are the first words of the aria. The title is Italian and means "Never was a shade". The aria is sung by the main character, Xerxes I of Persia. He is admiring the shade of a tree. The original tempo is larghetto (a little slow and solemn). The aria is short. It is only 52 bars long. It lasts about four minutes. In the opera, a string section accompanies the singer. These strings are first and second violins, viola, and basses. The key signature is F major. The time signature is 3/4 time.


title: Water Music (Handel)

paragraphs: The Water Music is a group of pieces for Baroque orchestra. The pieces were composed by George Frideric Handel. The "Water Music" is made up of three suites. These suites include minuets, hornpipes, bourrées, and other dances. In sum, there are three suites (F major, D major, G major), made up of 21 individual pieces.

paragraphs: Legend says the three suites were first played on a trip taken by King George I of England up the Thames to Chelsea or Lambeth on 17 July 1717. The King had known Handel for a long time. For some reason though, he was angry with Handel. The "Water Music" was Handel's way of appeasing the King. Fifty musicians floated alongside the King's barge playing the suites. The King was so pleased he ordered "Water Music" played three times.

paragraphs: Another Legend has it that He played it for a party King George I was having. It says he hired Handel to write a piece of music for him and his royal friends to listen to while sailing in the water; thus the name Water Music

paragraphs: All the instruments in the Baroque orchestra were included in the composition, except the harpsichord and timpani. It would have been difficult to bring these instruments aboard a barge. The instruments in a complete performance are a flute, two recorders, two oboes, one bassoon, two horns, two trumpets, strings, and continuo.


title: Alcina

paragraphs: Alcina is an opera seria with music by George Frideric Handel. The libretto was written by Riccardo Broschi. The opera is based on an episode in Ludovico Ariosto's "Orlando furioso", an epic poem set in the time of Charlemagne's wars against Islam. Handel composed several little ballets in the opera for the famous dancer Marie Sallé.

paragraphs: "Alcina" was first performed on 16 April 1735 at Covent Garden in London. It was revived in Germany in 1738. It was not performed again until 1928.

paragraphs: Joan Sutherland sang the role for her debut in Venice in 1960. She sang it again the same year in Dallas. She sang it at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, in 1962. Renée Fleming sang the role in Chicago in 1999.

paragraphs: Alcina is a sorceress. She changes people into stones, trees, and animals. Bradamente lands on Alcina's island looking for her fiancé Ruggiero. He has been enchanted by Alcina. He is in love with her.

paragraphs: Bradamente has a magic ring that allows her to break spells. She intends to use it to free Alcina's victims. She lets Ruggiero wear it. He sees at once that Alcina is a cruel enchantress and that her island is a desert.

paragraphs: Alcina is truly in love with Ruggiero. Her magic powers slip away. Bradamente and Ruggiero destroy an urn that is the source of Alcina's power. Alcina's world disappears. Her victims become humans again.


title: Klein-Brabant

paragraphs: Klein-Brabant is a Flemish region in the Belgian province of Antwerp.

paragraphs: The region got a lot of attention during and after the broadcasting of the Eén series "Stille Waters". Also the yearly "Dodentocht" and the "Schelde Internationale Muziekstroom-route" contribute to the image of the region.

paragraphs: The region includes the municipalities of Sint-Amands, Bornem and Puurs. There is also a police zone which is named "Politiezone Klein-Brabant".


title: Lee Yoo-Hyung

paragraphs: Lee Yoo-Hyung (January 21, 1911 - January 29, 2003) was a South Korean professional athlete. He is best known as an association football player. He was a member of the Japanese national team in 1940.


title: South India

paragraphs: South India is often used to refer to the states and territories in the southern part of the Republic of India. In general, one of the following is meant:


title: Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties

paragraphs: The , also known as the Nara Research Institute for Cultural Properties or as Nabunken, is a semi-governmental entity which focuses on the preservation of Japan's cultural heritage of objects, artworks and writings.

paragraphs: "Nabunken" is an Independent Administrative Institution (IAI).

paragraphs: "Nabunken" was established in 1972. It's work is divided into departments with different interests, including

paragraphs: In 2001, the Nara Institute and the National Research Institute for Cultural Properties, Tokyo merged.

paragraphs: In 2007, the Research Institutes were merged with the Tokyo National Museum, the Kyoto National Museum, the Nara National Museum and the Kyushu National Museum.


title: Still Got It

paragraphs: "Still Got It" is a song by Tyga featuring Drake, from Tyga's album "". The song debuted at number 89 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 on the week ending October 29, 2011.


title: Barkerville, British Columbia

paragraphs: Barkerville is a ghost town in the Canadian province of British Columbia. The peak population of Barkerville was 5,000. Barkerville is classified as a historic town. The Chinese were also a major part in the history of Barkerville as they built most of the businesses, cabins and both provided social services and resolved disputes within the Chinese community without having to use BC courts.

paragraphs: The town was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1924.


Chōshō


title: Sup'Internet

paragraphs: Sup'Internet is a French private graduate school. It teaches things to do with the Internet. It was founded in 2011. It is in Paris.

paragraphs: The school has three courses, graphic design, internet management and web technologies and delivers a Bachelor's degree. It is one of the two schools in France (the other one is the "École européenne des métiers de l'Internet") entirely meant for teaching things about the Internet.


title: Le Kremlin-Bicêtre

paragraphs: Le Kremlin-Bicêtre is a town and commune in the southest suburb of Paris, France. It is in the Île-de-France region and the Val-de-Marne department. About 26,018 people lived there in 2006.

paragraphs: The computer science schools EPITA, École pour l'informatique et les nouvelles technologies and Web@cademie are located at Le Kremlin-Bicêtre. The schools E-Artsup, Coding Academy and IONIS School of Technology and Management are also located in the commune.


title: Nin'an

paragraphs: , also known as Ninnan, was a after "Eiman" and before "Kaō." This period started in August 1166 ended in April 1169. The reigning emperors were and .


title: Villejuif

paragraphs: Villejuif is a town and commune in the southest suburb of Paris, France. It is in the Île-de-France region and the Val-de-Marne department. About 53,240 people lived there in 2008.

paragraphs: The biotechnology engineering school Sup'Biotech is located at Villejuif. A campus of the computer science schools EPITA and École pour l'informatique et les nouvelles technologies is also located in the commune.


title: Exception handling

paragraphs: In computing, an exception is a special situation where the program cannot do things the way it usually would and is forced to do something else instead. One layer of the system uses an exception to give another layer information about special states the system is currently in. The different layers of software or hardware have contracts, that tell what can be expected; this is generally known as Programming by Contract. In the context of exception handling, a program is said to be exception-safe, if exceptions that occur will not produce side-effects (such as memory leaks), will not change stored data so that it becomes unreadable, or generate output that is invalid. There are different levels of exception safety:

paragraphs: Usually, a programmer will try to "catch" the exception early so that problems don't get worse over time.

paragraphs: Suppose a program tries to add something to an "array", or group of "objects" that doesn't exist. This is called a "null reference". Look at the following code from the Java programming language:

paragraphs: This code throws what programmers call a "null-pointer exception". This is fixed by adding "codice_1" in front of the code that might throw the exception, like is done with the code shown below:


title: Giulio Cesare

paragraphs: Giulio Cesare in Egitto () is an opera in three acts with music by George Frideric Handel. The Italian libretto was written by Nicola Francesco Haym. It was based on an earlier libretto written by Giacomo Francesco Bussani. The opera was written for the Royal Academy of Music.

paragraphs: The opera was first performed in London on 20 February 1724. It was a success. It was performed again in 1725, 1730, and 1732. It was also performed in France and Germany.

paragraphs: "Giulio Cesare" was not performed in the 19th century. Many people had forgotten all about it. It was not until 1922 that the opera was performed again. Since then, it has been performed around the world. It is Handel's best opera. It is known simply as Giulio Cesare.


title: Microsoft InfoPath

paragraphs: Microsoft InfoPath is a piece of software that Microsoft sells. InfoPath is used to create computer-ized versions of documents people have to fill out.

paragraphs: InfoPath has two main parts: an 'editor' interface, used to make and design forms, and a 'form-filling' interface, used to fill out forms that have been made in InfoPath. For example, if someone had to fill out a timesheet on a regular basis, they could use InfoPath's editor to replicate the timesheet form. Every time they had to fill out the timesheet, they could open the form they made in InfoPath, fill it out using InfoPath's form-fill interface, and then save it as a file for archival and print it out if they ever needed to.

paragraphs: Forms that have been made in InfoPath can be put on SharePoint websites. Forms can also be amended with XPath, Basic, or C# computer code to do mathematics or read from and write to databases.


title: Lana Clarkson

paragraphs: Lana Clarkson (5 April 1963 - 3 February 2003) was an American actress. She starred in many movies dealing with fantasy, drama and adventure.

paragraphs: She was born in Long Beach, California and grew up in Napa County, California.

paragraphs: On February 3, 2003, Clarkson was shot dead in the Alhambra, California mansion of music producer Phil Spector. In the early morning, she met Spector while working at the House of Blues. Both left the House of Blues later in Spector's limousine and drove to his mansion. Spector and Clarkson went inside while his driver waited outside in the car. About an hour later, the driver heard a gunshot before Spector exited his house through the back door with a gun. He was quoted as saying, according to affidavits, "I think I just shot her."

paragraphs: In 2009, Spector was convicted of murdering Clarkson.


title: Tan (color)

paragraphs: Tan is a color that is of brown or green tone of orange.

paragraphs: The first written use of "tan" as a color name in English was in the year 1590.

paragraphs: The name comes from "tannum", (oak bark) used in the tanning of leather.


title: Hoax

paragraphs: The word hoax refers to something that is not true and was created on purpose. For example, a person makes up false accusations about being victimized by other people, or an article may make things up that cause people to believe as though they are true when they are not.

paragraphs: Hoaxes come in all types of forms: for example, April Fools' Day tricks that are shown in a time related to April 1, then shown to be a hoax later.


title: Daigaku-ryō

paragraphs: For five centuries, the "Daigaku-ryō" was near the Suzaku Mon at southern boundary of the Imperial enclosure.

paragraphs: In 701, the "Daigaku-ryō" became part of the .

paragraphs: Prince Yamabe was head of the "Daigaku-ryō" in 766 ("Tenpyō-jingo 2").

paragraphs: On May 27, 1177 ("Angen 3, 28th day, 4th month"), a fire destroyed the building of the "Daigaku-ryō".

paragraphs: The was responsible for the examination of students and for festivals which honor Confucius.

paragraphs: Other members of the staff of "Daigaku-ryō' included:


title: Parrotfish

paragraphs: Parrotfishes are a group of marine fishes that live in shallow tropical and subtropical oceans around the world. Previously considered to form a separate family ("Scaridae"), these fish are now thought to belong to the large family of wrasses (Labridae). Their numbers are largest in the Indo-Pacific region where they are found in and around coral reefs and seagrass beds. They play an important part in bioerosion. There are about 95 species of parrotfish living today.

paragraphs: Parrotfish are very colourful. Their name comes from the parrot-like beak formed by their teeth. The buccal cavity (cheek) of the parrotfish secretes the 'sleeping sack' that the fish sleeps in overnight. It is a semi-translucent sack which completely surrounds the parrot fish. In the morning the sack is discarded. You can see these on the sea bed floor during the following day.


title: Ariodante

paragraphs: Ariodante is an opera seria in three acts with music by George Frideric Handel. The libretto was based on parts of Ludovico Ariosto's "Orlando Furioso". Handel put some ballet music in the opera for the famous dancer Marie Sallé.

paragraphs: The opera was first performed in the Covent Garden Theatre, London, on 8 January 1735. It opened Handel's first season at Covent Garden. It was a great success. It was performed 11 times during its premiere season.

paragraphs: It eventually was forgotten. The score was published in the early 1960s. In the 1970s, the work was revived. It is thought to be one of Handel's best operas.

paragraphs: Ginevra is engaged to Ariodante. Polinesso is in love with her. He uses Dalinda to trick Ariodante. She tells Ariodante that Ginevra is Polinesso's lover. The King disowns Ginevra. Ariodante is reported to have killed himself. Polinesso then sends his agents to kill Dalinda because she was the only witness to his plot. Ariodante is alive. He drives off the assassins. Polinesso eants to win the King’s favour. He offers to defend Ginevra's honour in a tournament. He is wounded by Lurcanio. Ariodante has learned about Polinesso’s plot from Dalinda. He now appears. He offers himself as Ginevra’s champion. Polinesso confesses his guilt and dies. Ginevra is pardoned by the King.


title: The Phantom of the Opera (1925 movie)

paragraphs: The Phantom of the Opera (1925) is a silent horror movie. It is based on a novel of the same name by Gaston Leroux. The movie was directed by Rupert Julian. It stars Lon Chaney as the Phantom and Mary Philbin as his love, Christine. The movie is famous for Chaney's horrific, self-applied make-up.

paragraphs: The story is about a disfigured man named Erik who haunts the Paris Opera. He wants the managers to make the woman he loves, named Christine, a star. In order to do this, he terrorizes everyone by doing things such as dropping a chandelier and wearing a scary disguise in the middle of a large party. When he learns that Christine is in love with a man named Raoul, he kidnaps her. Raoul eventually rescues her, and a group of angry people chase the Phantom until he falls into the Seine river.

paragraphs: The movie was a great success. The critics liked it. Executives at Universal Pictures were pleased. They put a string of horror movies into production. These movies included Bela Lugosi's "Dracula" and Boris Karloff's "Frankenstein". "Phantom" was chosen for preservation in the United States National Film Registry.

paragraphs: Two major versions of the film survive today. The original film (today) comes from bad quality "show at home" film prints which are entirely black and white. The more common version is a 1929 silent version using different takes and camera angles. The 1929 silent version exists because of a lost 1929 sound version in which new scenes were shot in sound.


title: Hanwha Eagles

paragraphs: Hanwha Eagles () is one of nine Korean professional baseball teams. The Hanwha Eagles use Han bat stadium () and Cheong Ju stadium () as their home stadia. The Hanwha Eagles won the Korean Series Champions title in 1999.


title: Gidget

paragraphs: Gidget is a 1959 American romantic comedy teen movie about living in California. It is about a teenage girl who goes surfing. She has a romance with a young surfer.

paragraphs: The movie stars Sandra Dee, Cliff Robertson, and pop singer James Darren. The movie was based on a novel by Frederick Kohner titled "Gidget, the Little Girl with Big Ideas". The movie was directed by Paul Wendkos.

paragraphs: "Gidget" was the first beach party" movie. It was followed by two sequel movies, various television series, several made-for-TV movies, and the parody "Psycho Beach Party".

paragraphs: "Gidget" is credited by numerous sources, including a documentary movie by Stacy Peralta, as being the single main influence to bring surfing and the surfing subculture into the American mainstream.

paragraphs: The movie received a 1960 Golden Laurel Award nomination for Top Female Comedy Performance for actress Sandra Dee.


title: E-Artsup

paragraphs: E-Artsup is a French private graduate school. It teaches things to do with digital creativity and multimedia. It was founded in 2001.

paragraphs: The school has four courses, communication, concept, motion design, interaction design and game design, and delivers a degree recognized by French State.


title: Institut supérieur européen de formation par l'action

paragraphs: The school has two courses, communication and business/marketing., and delivers a degree recognized by French State.


title: Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring

paragraphs: "Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring" is a popular piece of choral music. It was composed by Johann Sebastian Bach. It is the 10th movement of the cantata "Herz und Mund und Tat und Leben". It was written during Bach's first year in Leipzig, Germany. Bach did not compose the melody. That was written by Johann Schop. Bach only harmonized and orchestrated Schop's melody. A transcription of "Jesu" was made by the English pianist Myra Hess (1890–1965), It was published in 1926 for piano solo. In 1934 the Hess version was adapted for piano duet. British organist Peter Hurford made a transcription of "Jesu" for organ. Today, Bach's piece is often performed at weddings and funerals. Bach wrote the piece for voices with trumpet, oboes, strings, and continuo. "Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring" is one of Bach's most enduring pieces of music.


title: Puzzle Pirates

paragraphs: Yohoho! Puzzle Pirates is a Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game. It is developed by Three Rings Design. In this game, the player plays a role of a pirate. The player sails the ocean, plays different puzzles and earn PoE (Pieces of Eights).

paragraphs: Anyone over 13 years of age can play "Puzzle Pirates". Pirates can join a crew, which in turn joins a flag. The flags forms alliances and blockade islands.

paragraphs: The game encourages players to use pirate-themed words like "Ahoy", "Yarr!", "Shiver me Timbers", etc. As of December 2008, there are 4 million pirates registered to the game. On August 31, 2011, the game was made free-to-play on Steam.


title: Sonny Bono

paragraphs: Sonny Bono (February 16, 1935 - January 5, 1998) was a recording artist, a producer, singer-songwriter, actor and politician. He was married to Cher between 1964 and 1975, during which time they formed the duo Sonny & Cher. Together, they had numerous hit records and singles. They had several children, including Chastity Bono (who would later be renamed Chaz Bono). Sonny was killed in a skiing accident.


title: Ghatkopar

paragraphs: Ghatkopar is a suburb in Mumbai. It comes under the 'N-Ward' of Mumbai municipality.

paragraphs: There are four postal codes connected to Ghatkopar.

paragraphs: The post office of Ghatkopar East is in Rajawadi. The post office for Ghatkopar West is near the Railway Station.


title: Prime Minister of India

paragraphs: The Prime Minister of India, is the head of the government of India. The Prime minister is the chair of the union cabinet, known as the Council of Ministers, and is the leader of the executive branch of the union government. The President of India is the head of state of India, however this office holds only nominal power where the Prime minister is the chief executive of the nation and exercises the President's executive powers. The Prime minister is the senior most minister in the union cabinet in his capacity as head of government and is normally always the leader and parliamentary chairperson of the majority government party in the Parliament of India. The current prime minister is Narendra Modi, who previously served as the chief minister of Gujarat, the head of government of the Indian state of Gujarat. He was sworn in on the 26th of May 2014.

paragraphs: The Prime Minister appoints the Council of Ministers, distributes portfolios among them, acts as the link between the Council of Ministers and the President and is the chief spokesperson of India's foreign policy.

paragraphs: The Prime Minister is responsible in aiding the President in his/her work relating to the government. The Prime Minister, in consultation with the Cabinet, schedules and attends the sessions of the Houses of Parliament and is required to answer the question from the Members of Parliament.

paragraphs: Some specific ministries/department are not allocated to anyone in the cabinet but the Prime Minister himself. The Prime Minister is usually always in-charge/head of:

paragraphs: The Prime Minister also represents the country in various international meetings, conferences and organizations.


title: Over the Rainbow

paragraphs: "Over the Rainbow" is a song from the movie "The Wizard of Oz". It was composed by Harold Arlen and the lyrics were written by E.Y. Harburg. Judy Garland sang the song in the movie. Over time it would become her signature song. The song won an Academy Award. The song is also known as "Somewhere Over the Rainbow".

paragraphs: About five minutes into the movie, Judy Garland (as Dorothy Gale) sings "Over the Rainbow". She is trying to get her aunt and uncle to listen to her story about an incident involving her dog, Toto. Dorothy's Aunt Em tells her to "find yourself a place where you won't get into any trouble". Dorothy walks off with Toto. She says to the dog, "Someplace where there isn't any trouble. Do you suppose there is such a place, Toto? There must be. It's not a place you can get to by a boat, or a train. It's far, far away. Behind the moon, beyond the rain." She begins to sing the song.

paragraphs: MGM executives thought the song "slowed down the picture". They said it did not sound like a song a little girl would sing in a barnyard. They wanted to cut it from the movie. Other people wanted the song to be kept in the movie. The executives changed their minds and the song was kept.

paragraphs: "Over the Rainbow" was going to be sung again by Garland in the scene where she is locked in the witch's room and watches the hourglass. She weeps through the song, and ends with "I'm frightened, Auntie Em! I'm frightened!". The song was cut from the scene. The "I'm frightened" cry was kept in the movie.

paragraphs: The song is number one on the "Songs of the Century" list compiled by the Recording Industry Association of America and the National Endowment for the Arts. The American Film Institute has ranked "Over the Rainbow" as the greatest movie song of all time on the list of "AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs". American troops in Europe in World War II adopted the song as a symbol of the United States. Garland performed the song for American troops as part of a 1943 command performance.

paragraphs: Hawaiian singer Israel Kamakawiwoʻole (1959–1997) recorded a version of "Over the Rainbow" in 1988. It was released in 1993.


title: Runaway (movie)

paragraphs: Runaway is a science fiction and action movie released near Christmas 1984, starring Kirstie Alley and Tom Selleck. Alley plays former lover for a villain named Luther. Selleck plays a police officer whose son is eventually kidnapped by the villain. The movie tells of complex technology gone awry when permitted to dominate the lives of everybody. Also acting in the movie is Gene Simmons from KISS. The movie was planned as a major science fiction draw, although it was overshadowed by a low budget movie called "The Terminator", which was directed by then-not well known James Cameron.


title: Orphans of the Storm

paragraphs: Orphans of the Storm is a 1921 silent movie. It was directed by D. W. Griffith. It stars sisters Dorothy and Lillian Gish. The movie is about two sisters (one blind) who are separated during the turmoil of the French Revolution. They are reunited after much tribulation.

paragraphs: Griffith used historical events to comment on contemporary events. In this case, he used the French Revolution to comment upon the rise of Bolshevism. The movie is about class conflict. It speaks for inter-class understanding and against destructive hatred. This was the last Griffith movie to star the Gish sisters. It is often thought to be Griffith's last big moneymaker. The movie is a remake of the lost "The Two Orphans" (1915) starring Theda Bara.


title: The Terminator

paragraphs: The Terminator is an American action-science fiction movie. It is set in Los Angeles, California and stars Arnold Schwarzenegger, Michael Biehn, and Linda Hamilton. This movie was directed by James Cameron and was released on October 26, 1984 in the United States by Orion Pictures. Its budget was $6.4 million and it grossed $78.3 million at the box office.

paragraphs: It was followed by sequels "", "", "Terminator Salvation", "Terminator Genisys" and "".

paragraphs: In 1984 Los Angeles, a cyborg assassin known as a Terminator arrives from 2029 and steals guns and clothes. Shortly afterwards, Kyle Reese, a human soldier, also arrives. He steals clothes from a homeless man and evades the police. The Terminator begins systematically killing women named Sarah Connor, whose addresses he finds in the telephone directory. He tracks the third Sarah Connor to a nightclub, but Kyle rescues her. The two steal a car and escape with the Terminator pursuing them in a police car.

paragraphs: As they hide in a parking lot, Kyle explains to Sarah that an artificial intelligence defense network, known as Skynet, will become self-aware in the near future and initiate a nuclear holocaust. Sarah's future son John will rally the survivors and lead a resistance movement against Skynet and its army of machines. With the Resistance on the verge of victory, Skynet sent a Terminator back in time to kill Sarah before John is born, to prevent the formation of the Resistance. The Terminator is an efficient killing machine with a powerful metal endoskeleton and an external layer of living tissue that makes him appear human.

paragraphs: Kyle and Sarah are apprehended by the police after another encounter with the Terminator. Criminal psychologist Dr. Silberman concludes that Kyle is paranoid and delusional. The Terminator repairs his body and attacks the police station, killing many police officers in his attempt to locate Sarah. Kyle and Sarah escape and take refuge in a motel, where they assemble pipe bombs and plan their next move. Kyle admits that he has been in love with Sarah since John gave him a photograph of her, and they have sex.

paragraphs: The Terminator discovers their location, and they attempt to escape in a pickup truck. In the ensuing chase, Kyle is wounded by gunfire while throwing pipe bombs at the Terminator. Enraged‚ Sarah knocks the Terminator off his motorcycle but loses control of the truck, which flips over. The Terminator hijacks a tank truck and attempts to run down Sarah, but Kyle slides a pipe bomb onto the tanker, causing an explosion that burns the flesh from the Terminator's exoskeleton. It pursues them to a factory, where Kyle activates machinery to confuse the Terminator. He jams his final pipe bomb into the Terminator's abdomen, blowing the Terminator apart, injuring Sarah, and killing Kyle. The damaged Terminator reactivates and grabs Sarah. She breaks free and lures it into a hydraulic press, crushing it.

paragraphs: Months later, a pregnant Sarah is traveling through Mexico, recording audio tapes to pass on to her unborn son, John. She debates whether to tell him that Kyle is his father. At a gas station, a boy takes a Polaroid photograph of her which she purchases—the same photograph that John will eventually give to Kyle.


title: Little House in the Big Woods

paragraphs: Little House in the Big Woods is a children's novel. It was written by Laura Ingalls Wilder. It was published in 1932. It is the first book in Wilder's Little House series. The book and the series are based on Wilder's memories of growing up near Pepin, Wisconsin in the 19th century.


title: Kuroshio, Kōchi

paragraphs: In 2006, the towns of Ōgata and Saga joined together to become the new town, Kuroshio.


title: Moutiers-au-Perche

paragraphs: Moutiers-au-Perche is a commune in the Orne département, lower Normandy. This is a village in the province of Perche. There are 525 people. The surface is . The altitude is .

paragraphs: It was a monastery created by Saint Laurent in the sixth century.

paragraphs: There is a Château de Guilbault built at the time of the Directoire. There is a park with an old bridge also.

paragraphs: There is a Roman style church of Notre-Dame-Du-Mont-Harou with a mural painting and a wooden statue.


title: Gacé

paragraphs: Gacé is a commune. It is in the region of Normandy in the Orne department in the northwest of France. There are 2,192 people living there in 2012. It was at first, a Gallic city named "*Vassiākon". The Castle of Gacé was built in the 11th century. The English captured the castle in 1417.

paragraphs: The city had important economic activity in the beginning of 19th century. It's a industrial and agricultural town.

paragraphs: There is the Museum of Lady of the Camellias.


title: Fontenai-Les-Louvets

paragraphs: Fontenai-les-Louvets is a former commune of Orne in lower Normandy, France. There are 205 people living there. it covers . On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune L'Orée-d'Écouves.


title: Mortrée

paragraphs: Mortrée is a village in Normandy, in the Orne department. It covers . It is at above sea level. There are 1042 people living there in 2012.

paragraphs: The famous Normand family named "d'O" lived here. It became famous in the first crusade. The Marquis d'O (died in 1594) was finance minister and he was the favourite of Henry III of France.

paragraphs: On 1 January 2019, the former commune Saint-Hilaire-la-Gérard was merged into Mortrée.

paragraphs: There is a church "Saints-Pierre-et-Paul" () and another one called "Méhéran".

paragraphs: The Chateau d'Ô is also there.The chateau d'Ô is made up of two parts joined by a gallery. The entrance building that shows a Gothic flamboyant style, was built at the beginning of the 16th century.It is very unique because of the distinguished mix of stones and bricks on these small towers.There are sculptures on the entrance front. The gallery was built at the same time from Italian inspiration. The west building, was finished in the 17th century.

paragraphs: Gérard Bourdin, Jean-Marie Foubert, Jean-Pascal Foucher. (2012) L'Orne, des territoires, une histoire. Alençon : Conseil général de l'Orne.


title: Carrouges

paragraphs: Carrouges is a commune in the French "departement" of the Orne. There are 787 peoples living there in 2012.

paragraphs: The town is well-known because of its castle built in the 16th century, with red bricks. Many expositions and other activities are organized. There is a 19th-century church. Hunting and fishing are the favourite activities of the inhabitants.


title: Kavadikaranoor

paragraphs: Kavadikaranoor (; also spelt as Kavadikaranur) is a village in Salem district in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. It is the largest village in Thangayur panchayat. The village is spread over an area of 12.35 km. The economy of the village revolves around agriculture, truck and heavy truck transports.

paragraphs: Kavadikaranoor has an average elevation of . It is at the east basin of the hill called "Sooriya malai" (Mountain of Sun). This mountain doesn't have any plants due to its rocky and unusual properties. The research done geologists shows it consists of rare radioactive minerals. A number of stone quarrying companies have been here for more than 30 years. A lake is located in the north-eastern part of the village and irrigation spreads to nearby areas.

paragraphs: Vishnu is the god worshipped most in the village. The main temple is Sri Paali Perumal. Main festival seasons are October and April. On the 4th Saturday of each month more than 20,000 thousand people worship here from various parts of the district.

paragraphs: The people are mostly Gounders. Other minority peoples are also present in small numbers. All the people are peacefully co-existing and living in harmony. It has a population of 1812 as of the 2001 India census. Males constitute 70% of the population and females 63% and an average literacy rate of 68%, higher than the national average of 59.5%.


title: Sport in Japan

paragraphs: Sports in Japan are a part of Japanese culture. Japan has many traditional sports such as sumo, judo, karate, and kendo. Also, there are sports which were imported from the West such as baseball, soccer, golf and skiing. Sports are popular with both participants and onlookers.

paragraphs: Some traditional sports like "yabusame" have ancient histories.

paragraphs: In the Meiji period, sports which were imported from the West became popular.

paragraphs: Another popular spectator sport is professional wrestling, locally known as "puroresu" (プロレス). While the sport was known in Japan before World War II, it did not become widely popular until the rise of Rikidōzan, considered the "father" of puroresu, in the 1950s. While similar to professional wrestling in the rest of the world in that winners are decided before the match, puroresu has become a unique style. Most match storylines play up the wrestlers' "fighting spirit". Also, because many Japanese wrestlers have martial arts backgrounds, most strikes during matches make full contact. Puroresu also enjoys close ties to mixed martial arts, with some companies often holding wrestling matches and MMA fights in the same event; because of this, both wrestlers and fans treat puroresu as a combat sport.

paragraphs: At first, Western sports were valued as a form of mental discipline, but they have become recreational activities.

paragraphs: Notable athletes, sports clubs, sports schools and training clinics played an important part in spreading sports in Japan.

paragraphs: In Japan, sports groups are an important part of school life. The time spent in these groups allows students to adjust to Japan's vertical society. For example, in sports, players learn to use "keigo" (formal, polite speech), respect and traditions.

paragraphs: The 1940 Summer Olympics and the 1940 Winter Olympics were planned for Japan, but the organizers withdrew in 1938 because of the Second Sino-Japanese War. These games were later cancelled because of World War II.

paragraphs: Japan did host the Olympic games three times, and has been confirmed as host for a fourth Olympics:

paragraphs: The Japanese translation of this book is available at: https://la84.org/wp-content/uploads/LA84WaterPolo_J-1.pdf


title: Spencer Fox

paragraphs: Spencer Fox (born May 10, 1993) is an American musician, singer and actor. He is best known as the voice of Dash Parr in "The Incredibles" and was the original voice of Mudbud in "Air Buddies". He is also the guitarist and vocalist of the power pop band Charly Bliss.


title: Tucker Albrizzi

paragraphs: Tucker Albrizzi (born February 25, 2000) is an American actor, voice artist and comedian. He is best known for his current role as Tyler on "Big Time Rush" and Jake on "Good Luck Charlie". He is also the new voice of Budderball in the "Air Buddies" series.


title: Siamese cat

paragraphs: The 'Siamese' is a breed of cat from Thailand. It is a well-known cat, especially for its blue eyes and brown face, ears, tail and paws, although not all of them look like this. In Thailand, it is a native breed, and they are called "Wichian Mat" (), which means "moon diamond". There are two different types of Siamese Cat, the Traditional or Thai Siamese, and the Modern Siamese.

paragraphs: The fur on all Siamese cats has the same sort of pattern, known as point coloration. This is when an animal has a pale body and a dark face, ears, feet and tail.

paragraphs: The Traditional Siamese has a few features that are the same as the Modern Siamese, like the colour pattern and the short fur, but it is different because of its head and body shape. It has long legs, and is thin and is graceful. It has a wedge shaped head and muzzle, and round cheeks. The ears are large and high. The eyes are between medium and large, and have the shape of an almond.

paragraphs: The body of a Modern Siamese is flexible and well-muscled. Its head is in the shape of a triangle, with a thin snout-like muzzle. Their eyes are also almond shaped, and their ears are tall and sit more on the side of the head than the Traditional Siamese. It's neck and tail are long and thin.

paragraphs: Siamese cats, both Traditional and Modern, are usually very friendly and loving cats, and will enjoy spending time with you, although this depends on the cat. They are known to bond to one person. They are also very smart, more so than some other cats. Some Siamese cat's enjoy 'talking', which has been said to sound like a human baby, and are always want attention. Siamese cat's love to play and run around as if they were kittens all their life.

paragraphs: Unlike most cats, they are less active at night, and prefer to sleep through it. This might be because their eyes lack something called tapetum lucidum, which allows cats to see better in the dark. Also, unlike many other blue-eyed cats, Siamese cats can still hear well. Cats that are white with blue eyes are often deaf.


title: Kanpyō (era)

paragraphs: , also romanized as Kampyō was a after "Ninna" and before "Shōtai." This period started in April 889 and ended in April 898. The reigning emperors were and .


title: Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner

paragraphs: Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner (13 December 1780 in Hof – 24 March 1849 in Jena) was a German chemist. He is best known for the development of the so-called Döbereiner's lamp. This is one of the first lighters.

paragraphs: Döbereiner was a professor for chemistry, pharmacy and technology at the university of Jena. He was a friend of the German writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.

paragraphs: He also studied oxidations of chemical elements. In 1832, he could oxidate formula_1 (sulfur dioxide) to formula_2 (sulfur trioxide).


title: Khabab

paragraphs: Khabab (, Syriac: ܟܚܐܒܐܒ, ) is small town in Syria. It was so named because of its geographical location at the doorstep of Lajat terrain where horses can be passed only if it is in a "canter", and canter the stage of preparedness for when the horses ran, lies the town "khabab" to the north of City "shield" around / 60 / How many residents of the village people 6500,khabab. the old name of the town is abiba

paragraphs: Cathedral is the center of Roman Catholic Archdiocese for the southern provinces, in addition to two churches and one of them is an old and the other is modern and Monastery Sisters of Charity (Albeznson).


title: The Birth of a Nation

paragraphs: The Birth of a Nation is a 1915 silent drama movie. It was directed by D. W. Griffith. It was based on the book "The Clansman" by Thomas Dixon, Jr. It stars Lillian Gish.

paragraphs: The movie is about two families during the American Civil War and the Reconstruction era. The Northern Stoneman family is pro-Union. The Southern Cameron family is pro-Confederacy. The assassination of President Abraham Lincoln by John Wilkes Booth is dramatized.

paragraphs: The movie was a great success. It was very controversial though. It showed African-American men (played by white actors in blackface) as stupid and sexually aggressive towards white women. It also showed the Ku Klux Klan as a heroic force. There were protests. The movie was banned in several cities. The outcry of racism was great. Screenings were often followed by riots and attacks.

paragraphs: The movie is also credited in part with the formation of the "second era" Ku Klux Klan the same year. "The Birth of a Nation" was used as a recruiting tool for the KKK. In 1915, it was the first movie to be shown at the White House.


title: Micula (surname)

paragraphs: Micula (, "Mîḵulāh") is a surname of Ashkenazi Jewish origin. It is most popular in Eastern Europe.

paragraphs: The name dates back to the 11th century, many Jews moved to East Europe to avoid persecution. In some countries the name is written as "Mikula", because of the Slavic influence.

paragraphs: People with the surname "Micula" can be found in Poland, Russia, Romania, Slovakia, Israel, Slovenia, Czech Republic, Ukraine and Moldova.


title: Wayne Knight

paragraphs: Wayne Eliot Knight (born August 7, 1955) is an American actor and comedian. He is best known for his role as Newman in the television series "Seinfeld". Knight is from New York City. Knight is a Democrat and attended the 2012 Democratic National Convention in support of President Obama's re-election.

paragraphs: Knight was married twice. He was first married to make-up artist Paula Sutor, they married on May 26, 1996. They remained married until they divorced in mid 2003. Knight married his second wife Clare de Chenu on October 15, 2006; together the couple have a son.


title: Lose Control (Let Me Down)

paragraphs: "Lose Control (Let Me Down)" is a song by Keri Hilson and Nelly. The song contains two parts: the first three minutes and thirty-three seconds being "Lose Control", featuring a rap from Nelly, and the last one minute and thirty-two seconds being "Let Me Down", a solo song by Hilson. "Lose Control" was produced by StarGate. The producer for "Let Me Down" is unknown. The song was only available as a radio single.


title: The Sheik (1921 movie)

paragraphs: The Sheik is a 1921 silent movie. It was directed by George Melford. It stars Rudolph Valentino. The movie was based on the book "The Sheik" by Edith Maude Hull. The movie is about a British lady who is captured by an Arab chieftain (a sheik). She is held in his camp, and grows to love him. "The Sheik" made Valentino a superstar. Reviews were mixed. Some critics liked the movie. Some did not. Women loved it. Most men did not like it. They either walked out or stayed away.

paragraphs: Lady Diana Mayo is headstrong and independent. Against her brother's advice, she plans a trip into the desert with only native guides. That night Diana sneaks into an 'Arabs Only' casino wearing a dancer's costume. The Sheik is there. He discovers she is white. He is amused, but sends her away. He learns that she is taking a trip into the desert the next day. He sneaks into her room and tampers with the bullets in her revolver. Later, the Sheik and his men find Diana riding alone. She tries to flee while shooting at the Sheik. He easily captures her. He takes her to his camp. He orders her about. He tells her she will learn to love him. He wants to raping her, but decides against it.

paragraphs: The Sheik receives a visit from his friend, Raoul St. Hubert. Raoul befriends Diana. He chides the Sheik for treating her roughly. Diana gradually warms to the Sheik. She is allowed to go into the desert with his servant. She escapes. She sees a caravan. It belongs to the bandit Omair. The Sheik and his men reach her just in time. The Sheik is in love with Diana. He allows her to ride out again with his servant. She writes "I love you" in the sand. Omair captures her.

paragraphs: The Sheik gathers his men to attack Omair's camp. Omair tries to rape Diana. The Sheik and his men rush in. The Sheik kills Omair, but he is injured. Diana discovers that the Sheik is not an Arab. His father was British and his mother Spanish. They died in the desert. Their child was raised by the old Sheik. When the old man died, the Sheik returned to rule the tribe. The Sheik recovers from his injury. Diana confesses her love.

paragraphs: Reviews were mixed. Many critics felt the toned-down rape scene ruined the original message. It was a great success with audiences however. Attendance records were broken. One newspaper estimated that 125,000 people had seen the movie in its first weeks. Producer Lasky declared the last week of November 1921 'The Sheik Week'. He had the movie open in 250 theatres across the United States on 20 November. The movie ran for six months in Sydney, Australia. It ran for 42 weeks in one theatre in France. It was the first Valentino movie to show in his native Italy. Within the first year, "The Sheik" made more than $1 million. The film cost $200,000 to make.

paragraphs: Female moviegoers loved Valentino. Male moviegoers loathed him. Men refused to see the movie. If they did, they laughed at the love scenes. Men walked out during the movie. They felt threatened by Valentino's style of lovemaking. Many called him effeminate for the long robes he wore in the movie. Dick Dorgan harshly criticized Valetino in the magazine "Photoplay". He thought Valentino was too pretty for a male. He even wrote a song about Valentino called "A Song of Hate!"


title: A Daughter of the Congo

paragraphs: A Daughter of the Congo is a 1930 silent movie. It is a race movie. It was completely produced by blacks and intended for a black audience. It was written, directed, and produced by Oscar Micheaux. The movie is based on Henry Francis Downing's novel "The American Cavalryman" (1917). "A Daughter of the Congo" is presumed to be a lost film.

paragraphs: The movie stars Katherine Noisette as Lupelta, a mixed race Congolese girl. She is abducted by Arab slave traders. She is rescued by an African American military battalion. She is taken to a mission school. She becomes acquainted with Western-style civilization. She never completely loses touch with the tribal customs and influences that shaped her early years.

paragraphs: "A Daughter of the Congo" was Micheaux's last silent movie. Silent movies were considered to have little money-making value in 1930. Micheaux released the movie as a “talking, singing, dancing picture”. It only contained a single short sound sequence that included a performance of the song “That Gets It”.

paragraphs: Theophilus Lewis of the "Amsterdam News" wrote a harsh review: "The scene is laid in a not so mythical republic in Africa. Half of the characters wear European clothes and are supposed to be civilized, while the other half wear their birthday suits and some feathers and are supposed to be savages. All the noble characters are high yellows; all the ignoble ones are black. It is based on a false assumption that has no connection with the realities of life."


title: Oscar Micheaux

paragraphs: Oscar Devereaux Micheaux (2 January 1884 – 25 March 1951) was an American writer, movie director and independent producer of more than 44 movies. He is regarded as the first major African-American moviemaker, and the most successful African-American moviemaker of the first half of the twentieth century. Micheaux was the most prominent producer of race movies. He produced both silent movies and "talkies".

paragraphs: Micheaux was born to former slaves on January 2, 1884, in Metropolis, Illinois. He passed most of his early years in Great Bend, Kansas. He moved to Chicago when he was 17. He worked as a Pullman porter (railroad baggage handler). In 1906, he bought land in South Dakota. He homesteaded among white neighbors for eight years.

paragraphs: He began to write stories. In 1913, he self-published his first novel, "The Conquest: The Story of a Negro Pioneer". In 1915, he had money troubles and lost his land. He moved to Sioux City, Iowa where he ran his own publishing company. In 1917, he rewrote "The Conquest" and published it as "The Homesteader". He sold the book door-to-door in small towns.

paragraphs: An African American movie company wanted to make a movie of "The Homesteader". The company however did not want Micheaux to direct it. They would not agree to a budget that met his expectations. The deal was dropped.

paragraphs: Micheaux then turned his publishing company into the Micheaux Film and Book Company. He sold stock in the company to raise money for his own movie of "The Homesteader", and shooting began. It was the first feature-length movie made by an African American. It was released in Chicago in 1919, and was a great success.

paragraphs: Micheaux's second movie was "Within Our Gates". This was his response to D. W. Griffith's "Birth of a Nation". Griffith's movie was about the Ku Klux Klan. It was one of the most popular movies of the day. The movie challenged Griffith's message by showing that whites were more likely to harm blacks than the other way around.

paragraphs: Micheaux would make more than 40 movies over the next 30 years. In 1931, his movie "The Exile" became the first full-length sound feature by an African American. His last movie "The Betrayal" (1948) was the first movie produced by an African American to open in white theaters.

paragraphs: Micheaux died on 25 March 1951 in Charlotte, North Carolina. He is buried in the Great Bend Cemetery in Great Bend, Kansas. His gravestone reads, "A Man Ahead of His Time."

paragraphs: In 1986, the Directors Guild of America posthumously granted Micheaux the Golden Jubilee Special Directorial Award. In 1987, he received a star on Hollywood Boulevard's Walk of Fame.


title: The Blood of Jesus

paragraphs: The Blood of Jesus (1941) is a race movie. It was written, directed, and starring Spencer Williams. It was also released as The Glory Road. The movie was produced in Texas. Its budget was US$5,000. Scenes from a 1911 Italian movie called "L'Inferno" were used to show souls entering Heaven. The movie was screened in black theatres and black churches. It received good reviews. In 1991 "The Blood of Jesus" became the first race movie to be chosen for preservation in the United States National Film Registry.

paragraphs: A church group is holding a riverside baptismal service. One of those being immersed is the recently married Martha. At home, Martha's husband Ras accidentally shoots her when his hunting rifle discharges. The church people gather at Martha’s bedside to pray. An angel arrives to take Martha’s spirit from her body. She is brought to the Crossroads between Heaven and Hell. She is tempted by the devil's agent slick Judas Green.

paragraphs: Judas takes Martha to a nightclub. He arranges to have her get a job there. The angel returns and advises Martha to flee. She tries to flee. A nightclub patron mistakenly believes Martha is a pickpocket who robbed him. A chase ensues. Martha races back to the Crossroads. Satan is waiting for her. The angel protects Martha from the mob. They are driven away. The sign at the Crossroad is transformed into the vision of Jesus Christ being crucified, and Christ’s blood drips down on Martha’s face. She awakens to discover she is home. Her health is restored. Martha is reunited with her husband. He has embraced religion. The angel who took Martha on her journey returns to bless their marriage.


title: Spokane Chiefs

paragraphs: The Spokane Chiefs are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 1985. They currently play in the Western Hockey League. They play their home games in Spokane, Washington at the Spokane Veterans Memorial Arena. The were known as the Kelowna Wings from 1982 to 1985 until they relocated to Spokane and became the Chiefs. The Chiefs were also the first team in WHL history to host an outdoor hockey game when they defeated the Kootenay Ice 11-2 on January 15, 2011.


title: Karuizawa, Nagano

paragraphs: Karuizawa is on the southern slope of Mount Asama.

paragraphs: In the Edo period, it was a waystation on the Kisokaido road.

paragraphs: In the early Meiji period, the area was developed as a health resort.

paragraphs: It is a popular tourist spot for people from Tokyo who travel to Karuizawa to get away from the summer heat.


title: Tri-City Americans

paragraphs: The Tri-City Americans are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 1988. They currently play in the Western Hockey League. They play their home games in Kennewick, Washington at the Toyota Center. The team was originally known as the "Calgary Buffalos" and later changed their name to the "Calgary Centennials". The Centennials were active from 67 to 77 and were later relocated to Billings, Montana and became the "Billings Bighorns". They played in Billings from 1977 to 1998 before being relocated to Nanaimo, British Columbia and were named the "Nanaimo Islanders". The Islanders played from 1982 to 1983 before they were moved to New Westminster, British Columbia and became the "New Westminster Bruins". They moved to the Tri-Cities in 1988.


title: Doge's Palace, Venice

paragraphs: The Doge's Palace () is a gothic palace in Venice, northern Italy. The palace was the home of the Doge of Venice, the ruler of the Republic of Venice In 1923 the palace became a museum, one of 11 museums run by the Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia. In 2010 it was visited by 1,358,186 people.

paragraphs: In 810, Doge Angelo Partecipazio moved the government from the island of Malamocco to the Rialto. The first palace was destroyed by a fire in the 10th century, which is in the 900s. A second palace was started by Doge Sebastiano Ziani (1172–1178). There are still parts of this building which can be seen on the ground floor, including stone wall bases and some brick paving. As Venice grew, the palace needed to be rebuilt to meet new demands. For example, changes in the political structure meant there were many more members of the Great Council.

paragraphs: This third palace, in Gothic style, was started about 1340. The first section was on the side facing the lagoon. In 1424 Doge Francesco Foscari built the wing overlooking the Piazzetta. This new building was for the law-courts, with a ground floor arcade on the outside. The first floor had open loggias running along the facade. When the Porta della Carta was built in 1442, it made an internal courtyard.

paragraphs: In 1483, a fire destroyed the Doge's residence which was in the part of the palace overlooking the canal. Architect Antonio Rizzo used the new Renaissance style for the building's architecture. A new building was built alongside the canal, stretching from the ponte della Canonica to the Ponte della Paglia. The official rooms of the government had art works specially made by Vittore Carpaccio, Giorgione, Alvise Vivarini and Giovanni Bellini. A fire in 1547 destroyed some rooms on the second floor. A big fire in 1577 destroyed the Scrutinio Room and the Great Council Chamber. Art work by Gentile da Fabriano, Pisanello, Alvise Vivarini, Vittore Carpaccio, Giovanni Bellini, Pordenone, and Titian were also lost in the fire. The palace was rebuilt in the original gothic style. Some classical features were added, such as the Bridge of Sighs joining the prison to the palace.

paragraphs: The palace was the home of the government of the Republic of Venice until the Napoleonic occupation of the city in 1797. Venice was ruled by the French, then Austria, and in 1866 it became part of Italy. During this time, the palace was used for various government offices, the Biblioteca Marciana and other important cultural institutions within the city.

paragraphs: By the end of the 19th century, the building was showing clear signs of decay. The Italian government spent a lot of money to repair the building. All public offices were moved elsewhere, except the State Office for the protection of historical Monuments, which is still housed at the palace's loggia floor. In 1923, the municipality of Venice set up the palace as a museum. In 1996, the Doge’s Palace has been part of the Venetian museums network, which is run by the Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia since 2008.

paragraphs: The oldest part of the palace is the facade overlooking the lagoon. The corners of the building have 14th century sculptures by Filippo Calendario, Raverti and Antonio Bregno. The ground floor arcade and the loggia has 14th and 15th century capitals. Some of these are copies made during the 19th century.

paragraphs: The Porta della Carta, was the grand entrance to the building. The gateway was built and decorated by Giovanni and Bartolomeo Bon from 1438–1442. The name Porta della Carta could be because this was the area where public scribes set up their desks, or from the "cartabum", where all the important government documents were kept. On either side of the gateway are two gothic towers, with sculptures of the "Cardinal Virtues". On the top is a bust of Saint Mark, and over him is a statue of "Justice" with her symbols of sword and scales. In the space above the cornice, there is a sculpture of the Doge Francesco Foscari kneeling before the St. Mark's Lion. This was made in the 19th century by Luigi Ferrrari, to replace the original destroyed in 1797.

paragraphs: The public entrance to the Doge's Palace is now through the Porta del Frumento, in the waterfront side of the building.

paragraphs: The north side of the courtyard is made by the palace and St. Mark’s Basilica, which used to be the Doge’s chapel. At the center of the courtyard are two well-heads built in the mid-16th century.

paragraphs: In 1485 a grand staircase was built within the courtyard. Linked to the Porta della Carta, it created a monumental approach from the Piazza into the heart of the building. Since 1567, the Giants’ Staircase has been guarded by Sansovino’s two huge statues of "Mars" and "Neptune". These show Venice’s power by land and by sea, and therefore the reason for its name. Members of the Senate gathered before government meetings in the Senator’s Courtyard, to the right of the Giants’ Staircase.


title: Craig Venter

paragraphs: John Craig Venter (born October 14, 1946) is an American biotechnologist and entrepreneur. He was one of the first to sequence the human genome, and led the team which made the first cell with a synthetic genome (2010).

paragraphs: Venter founded Celera Genomics, The Institute for Genomic Research and the J. Craig Venter Institute. He now works at his Institute to create synthetic (artificial) biological organisms, and to record genetic diversity in the world's oceans. He was listed on "Time" magazine's 2007 and 2008 Time 100 list of the most influential people in the world. In 2010, the British magazine "New Statesman" listed Craig Venter at 14th in the list of "The World's 50 Most Influential Figures 2010".

paragraphs: Venter himself recognized his own ADHD behavior in his adolescence, and later found ADHD-linked genes in his own DNA. In media interviews, Venter has several times said he is an atheist.


title: Leslie Orgel

paragraphs: Leslie Eleazer Orgel FRS (12 January 1927 – 27 October 2007) was a British chemist.

paragraphs: Born in London, Orgel received his B.A. and Ph.D in chemistry at Magdalen College, Oxford University.

paragraphs: He was one of the first people to see, in April 1953, Crick and Watson's model of DNA: at the time he worked at Oxford University's Chemistry Department.

paragraphs: In 1964 Orgel was appointed Senior Fellow and Research Professor at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, where he directed the Chemical Evolution Laboratory. He was also an adjunct professor in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at the University of California, San Diego, and he was one of five principal investigators in the NASA-sponsored NSCORT program in exobiology. Orgel also participated in NASA's Viking Mars Lander Program as a member of the Molecular Analysis Team that designed the gas chromatography mass spectrometer instrument that robots took to the planet Mars.

paragraphs: Orgel’s lab came across an economical way to make cytarabine, a compound that is one of today’s most commonly used anti-cancer agents.

paragraphs: During the 1970s, Orgel suggested reconsidering the panspermia hypothesis, according to which the earliest forms of life on earth did not originate here, but arrived from outer space with meteorites.

paragraphs: Together with Stanley Miller, Orgel also suggested that peptide nucleic acids – rather than ribonucleic acids – constituted the first pre-biotic systems capable of self-replication on early Earth.

paragraphs: His name is popularly known because of Orgel's rules, credited to him, particularly Orgel's Second Rule: "Evolution is cleverer than you are".

paragraphs: In his book "The Origins of Life", Orgel coined the concept of specified complexity, to describe the criterion by which living organisms are distinguished from non-living matter. He published over three hundred articles in his research areas.

paragraphs: Orgel died of cancer on 27 October 2007 at the San Diego Hospice & Palliative Care in San Diego, California.


title: LGBT rights in Azerbaijan

paragraphs: 2000 saw the abolishment of the Azerbaijani law forbidding homosexual interactions (gay sex). A special edition of "Azerbaijan", the official newspaper of the Parliament, published on 28 May, reported that the Parliament had approved a new Criminal Code, and that the President had signed a decree bringing it into force in September. The text of the new Criminal Code was also published. From this it is clear that the old Article 113 (inherited from the Soviet era, and which punished anal sex between men with three years imprisonment) has been replaced with a new Article 150, which bans only forcible sexual acts.

paragraphs: When Azerbaijan became part of USSR, despite in Lenin-era of Soviet Russia homosexuality was not banned, it remained as crime in Azerbaijan. As the homosexuality was most widespread in Azerbaijan, Turkmenia, Uzbekistan and Georgia, the legislation on persecution of homosexuals remained in force in 1920's.

paragraphs: After the independence of Azerbaijan in 1991, homosexual acts were legalized in 2000. The official newspaper of the Parliament, published on 28 May 2000, reported that the Parliament had approved a new criminal code, and that the President had signed a decree bringing it into force in September. The old Article 113 (inherited from the Soviet era, and which punished anal sex between men with three years imprisonment) has been replaced with a new Article 150, which bans only forcible sexual acts.

paragraphs: Although homosexual acts between consenting male adults were officially decriminalized, reports about police abuses against gays, mainly male prostitutes, persisted during the last year. While complaining of the violence against them, the victims preferred to remain anonymous fearing retaliation on the part of police." (2001 Report of the International Helsinki Federation).

paragraphs: State-controlled media outlets use homosexuality as a tool to harass and discredit critics of the government and opposition journalist.


title: LGBT rights in the Maldives

paragraphs: Homosexuality is illegal in the Maldives. In addition, the Maldives was one of the 67 signatory nations opposing the UN declaration on sexual orientation and gender identity, which failed to pass.

paragraphs: In 2009 the Maldives enacted a new Constitution that included a chapter on rights and freedoms, demonstrating the desire to embrace a new culture of human rights. However, this did not include any resolutions regarding LGBT human rights issues.

paragraphs: The Maldives does not recognize same-sex marriages, civil unions, or domestic partnerships.

paragraphs: There is no legal protection against discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender identity.


title: Chrissie Maher

paragraphs: Chrissie Maher, OBE (born 1938) is a British advocate for the use of plain English. She is a co-founder of the Plain English Campaign. This organisation promotes the clear use of English, especially by businesses and official bodies. Her campaign began in 1971 when she founded the United Kingdom's first community newspaper, the "Tuebrook Bugle". That gave her the chance to write articles saying that organisations should start using plain English. In 1974, Maher went on to start "The Liverpool News". It was the UK's first newspaper for adults with reading difficulties. She was also a member of the UK's National Consumer Council. Later, she founded the Plain English Campaign at a demonstration in London in 1979.

paragraphs: As an example of the language issues Maher found objectionable: in 1994, she pointed out that Britain's National Health Service published a definition of the term "bed" that used 229 words.

paragraphs: For her efforts, Maher was awarded the OBE in 1993. In 1995, she was awarded an honorary MA degree by Manchester University. In 1997 she received an honorary doctorate from the Open University. In 2000, Maher was named "Information Pioneer of the Century" by the UK's National Information Forum. In 2010, Maher received an Honorary Fellowship from Liverpool John Moores University for her services to communication.

paragraphs: Also in 2010 Maher was selected Public Affairs Achiever of the Year and Outstanding Achiever of the Year for the ‘Women in Public Life’ awards.

paragraphs: Tom McArthur, editor of the "Oxford Companion to the English Language" said, "In all the history of the language, there has never been such a powerful grassroots movement to influence it as the Plain English Campaign."


title: Faust (1926 movie)

paragraphs: Faust is a 1926 German silent movie. It was directed by F. W. Murnau. It stars Gösta Ekman as Faust, Emil Jannings as Mephisto, and Camilla Horn as Gretchen. The story is about an old man who sells his soul to the devil. In return he becomes young again. The movie uses both traditional tales of Faust and Goethe's play. The movie was difficult and expensive to make. "Faust" was Murnau's last German movie. He moved to the United States to direct "Sunrise". The "Bald Mountain" scene in the movie inspired the "Night on Bald Mountain" segment in Walt Disney's "Fantasia".


title: Synapomorphy

paragraphs: A synapomorphy is a common character. It is a term in cladistics, meaning a trait which is present in two or more species by common descent. It is a type of homologous character or homology.

paragraphs: More precisely, it is shared by two or more taxa and their most recent common ancestor, whose own ancestor in turn does not possess the trait. Thus, it is not just an ancestral trait, but a recently evolved distinguishing trait. It helps to distinguish between two trees of descent which would otherwise be equally likely.


title: Jonathan Soriano

paragraphs: Jonathan Soriano Casas (born 24 September 1985 in El Pont de Vilomara i Rocafort, Barcelona, Catalonia) is a Spanish footballer who plays with FC Red Bull Salzburg in Austria, as a forward.


title: Conquest of the Pole

paragraphs: Conquest of the Pole () is a 1912 silent movie. It was directed and produced by Georges Méliès. It was based on the book "The Adventures of Captain Hatteras" by Jules Verne. The movie is about a race to the north pole by different groups of balloonists. A complicated scene in the movie has a frost giant who tries to eat the crew.


title: View of Delft

paragraphs: View of Delft (c.1660-1661) is an oil painting. It was painted by Johannes Vermeer. The painting shows Vermeer's hometown. It is one of his most popular pictures. It is one of three paintings of Delft by Vermeer. The others are "The Little Street" and the lost painting "House Standing in Delft". In 2011, the painting was featured on gold and silver commemorative coins issued by the Royal Dutch Mint.


title: Philip Larkin

paragraphs: Philip Arthur Larkin CH, CBE, FRSL (9 August 1922 – 2 December 1985) was a English poet and novelist.

paragraphs: Larkin was born and raised in Coventry, Warwickshire, where he attended primary and secondary school. He graduated from St John's College, Oxford with a double first in English language and literature.

paragraphs: Larkin spent the latter years of his life in Hull, where he was a librarian at the University of Hull. Larkin died in Hull, Humberside, of oesophageal cancer.


title: Skyler Gisondo

paragraphs: Skyler Gisondo (born July 22, 1996) is an American actor. Gisondo is probably best known for his roles as Bryan Pearson on "The Bill Engvall Show", Tommy Doyle in Rob Zombie's "Halloween", and B-Dawg in the "Air Buddies" series. He has also been in TV shows such as "ER", "Everybody Loves Raymond", "Cold Case", "Criminal Minds", "My Name Is Earl", "House" and "CSI".


title: Lee Remick

paragraphs: Lee Ann Remick (December 14, 1935 - July 2, 1991) was an American actress. She was born in Quincy, Massachusetts. She played the female lead in "Anatomy of a Murder", "Days of Wine and Roses" and "The Omen".

paragraphs: Remick won a Golden Globe award in 1973. In 1975 she won a Golden Globe Award and a BAFTA award.

paragraphs: Remick died of kidney cancer in Los Angeles, California.


title: Miranda Lambert

paragraphs: Miranda Leigh Lambert (born November 10, 1983) is an American country music artist who gained fame as a finalist on the 2003 season of "Nashville Star", where she finished in third place and later signed to Epic Records.

paragraphs: She was married to country singer Blake Shelton whom divorced in 2015. She has five solo albums released as of 2011 and one with country supergroup Pistol Annies. Some of her most known songs are "Gunpowder and Lead", "Kerosene", "The House That Built Me", "White Liar", "Heart Like Mine", and "Baggage Claim".


title: Blake Shelton

paragraphs: Blake Tollison Shelton (born June 18, 1976) is an American country singer and television personality. Shelton is signed to Warner Nashville. Some of his most known songs are "Ol' Red", "Some Beach", "Hillbilly Bone", "Kiss My Country Ass", "Honey Bee", "God Gave Me You", and "Drink on It". He has been a judge on "The Voice" since April 2011.

paragraphs: Shelton was married to country singer Miranda Lambert from 2011 until 2015. He is currently in a relationship with singer Gwen Stefani. The two collaborated on the song "You Make It Feel like Christmas", featured on Stefani's 2017 Christmas album of the same


title: Battle of Balaclava

paragraphs: The Battle of Balaclava was a battle of Crimean war. It was on 25 October 1854 between the alliance of the Ottoman Empire, the French Empire, and the United Kingdom vs. the Russian Empire. The battle ended with a Russian victory. Two of the most important events of the Crimean war took place during the Battle of Balaclava.

paragraphs: The 93rd Highland Regiment (dressed almost all in red) formed a line 2 men thick and stood their ground when the Russian cavalry charged at them.

paragraphs: This event inspired Alfred, Lord Tennyson's poem of the same name. The charge was made by the 4th and 13th Light Dragoons, 17th Lancers, and the 8th and 11th Hussars, under the command of Major General the Earl of Cardigan. Many people died in this charge. 278 of the over 670 soldiers were killed.


HP


title: Plano, Texas

paragraphs: Plano is a city in the state of Texas in the United States. It is the ninth largest city in the state. Over 280,000 people live in Plano. It has a humid subtropical climate ("Cfa" in the Koeppen climate classification).

paragraphs: Plano has the headquarters of many large businesses, including:


title: Fargo (movie)

paragraphs: Fargo is a 1996 American black comedy-drama crime thriller movie. The Coen brothers made this movie, which is set in 1987. Frances McDormand, Steve Buscemi and William H. Macy star in the movie as a detective, a criminal, and a car salesman, respectively. It is a dark comedy about the police investigation of some murders and bad business activities.

paragraphs: In 2006 it was put into the United States National Film Registry because the group thought it was culturally, historically, or aesthetically important enough to be recognized in their collection. It inspired a TV series "of the same name"

paragraphs: Part of the movie is set in Fargo, North Dakota. The majority is in Minneapolis, Minnesota. It shows the culture and accent of many of the people who live there.


title: Viktor Kozin

paragraphs: Viktor Mikhailovich Kozin () (born February 22, 1953) is a Russian naval engineer, ship designer and inventor of a new method of icebreaking, called the resonance method of ice destruction. He received his Assistant Professorship in Technical Sciences (Ph.D.) for his work "Mechanics of deformable solids" in Vladivostok in 1994. He became a full Professor in 1996 and was awarded the title Honored Inventor of the Russian Federation in 2000. Since 2008 he is a member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences (RANS).

paragraphs: Kozin was awarded a diploma from the President of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1999) and won grants from the Russian Ministry of Education (2006). He received multiple prizes for his academic and scientific achievements in the theory of watercraft statics and dynamics, design of vessels, hydraulics and hydromechanics, ship and submarine construction. He is the author of 2 textbooks in naval engineering and 12 works on the methods of education in the area of naval design.


title: The Gold Rush

paragraphs: The Gold Rush is a 1925 silent movie. It was written, directed, and produced by Charlie Chaplin. He stars in the movie, too. The movie is set in the Yukon during the Klondike Gold Rush. Chaplin plays the Little Tramp. It was a character he created. The Little Tramp appeared in many Chaplin movies. In this movie, the Little Tramp has many adventures with other prospectors. He falls in love with a saloon girl. Critics liked the movie. One critic wrote, "Here is a comedy with streaks of poetry, pathos, tenderness, linked with brusqueness and boisterousness. It is the outstanding gem of all Chaplin's pictures, as it has more thought and originality than even such masterpieces of mirth as "The Kid" and "Shoulder Arms"." In 1992 "The Gold Rush" was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry. Chaplin hoped that people would remember him for this movie.