title: If Only I Could

paragraphs: If Only I Could (Chinese: 十年…你还好吗？) is a Singaporean drama television series. It is produced and shown on Mediacorp Channel 8. It began its run from 31 May 2016. There are 20 episodes. It stars Rui En, Paige Chua, Andie Chen and Elvin Ng as the main characters.

paragraphs: Chen Zhenhao struggles to keep her family together despite a disapproving mother-in-law, an easygoing husband too generous with his meagre earnings, and a son with hyperactivity.

paragraphs: Huo Xiwen endures marital problems with her husband Huang Degang and suffers a miscarriage after an accident.

paragraphs: Zhenhao is later diagnosed with breast cancer, and together with her former schoolmate and rival, Xiwen, who’s also seen her share of misfortune, the pair travel back in time to start their lives over and avoid all the mistakes they’ve made. But the two long-suffering wives realise they’re worse off than before.


title: CS Gaz Metan Mediaș

paragraphs: Clubul Sportiv Gaz Metan Mediaș is a professional association football club from Mediaș, Sibiu County, Romania. They were founded in 1945 and currently play in the Liga I.

paragraphs: They currently play at the Stadionul Gaz Metan, which has a capacity of around 7,800 people.

paragraphs: Their best performance in the Liga I was at 7th place in the 2010–11 Liga I. They have never won the Romanian cup, but got 2nd place in 1951. They have won the Liga II 2 times and the Liga III 3 times.

paragraphs: The club has had many names: "Karres Mediaș", "CSM Mediaș", "Zorile Rosii Mediaș", "Gaz Metan Mediaș", "Partizanul" (1950–51), "Flacara" (1951–56), "Energia" (1956–58), "Gaz Metan" (1958–60), and "CSM Mediaș" (1960–1963).


title: FC Viitorul Constanța

paragraphs: Fotbal Club Viitorul Constanța is a professional association football club from Ovidiu, Constanța County, Romania. They currently play in the Liga I.

paragraphs: The club was founded in the summer of 2009 and began to play in the Liga III. It was founded by famous Romanian footballer Gheorghe Hagi. The club currently possesses the top youth facilities of any club in the country.

paragraphs: They won the Liga III in the 2009-10 season. Also, their team colours are blue, white and black.


title: Schüpfheim

paragraphs: Schüpfheim is a municipality of the district of Entlebuch in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.


title: Mason–Dixon line

paragraphs: The Mason–Dixon line, also called Mason's and Dixon's line, originally determining the border between Maryland and Pennsylvania, was surveyed and marked between 1763 and 1767. Two English surveyors, Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon, were hired by the Penn and Calvert families to settle a border dispute. In 1760 the British crown, tired of the violence between the two colonies, demanded the dispute over the border between Maryland and Pennsylvania be settled according to an agreement made in 1732. The line the two surveyors came up with was so accurate it is still considered a marvel. GPS measurements show the line to be off by an inch or less in places and no more than in others.

paragraphs: England's Secretary of State under James I of England was George Calvert. When he decided to publicly announce he was a Catholic in 1625, English law required him to resign his position. The king made him an Irish baronet with the title of "Lord Baltimore". Calvert was one of the investors in the Virginia Company but was not allowed to go to the Virginia Colony because of his religion. Now retired and with time on his hands, Calvert turned his attention to overseas plantations. A wealthy man, Calvert started his own "Avalon" colony in Newfoundland. But by 1629 Calvert lost interest. He then convinced Charles I of England, James's successor, to give him a land grant to start the colony of Maryland. The king gave Calvert and his son everything north of the Potomac River to the 40th parallel and everything from the Atlantic Ocean to the source of the Potomac. The first Lord Calvert died in 1632. His sons went on to found the Maryland colony. On May 27th, 1634, Leonard Calvert with about 300 settlers arrived at St. Mary's City, Maryland on the Chesapeake Bay.

paragraphs: William Penn, a leading member of the Religious Society of Friends or Quakers, was one of those who was granted the colonial province of West New Jersey in 1677. While colonists settled there, Penn remained in England. Charles II of England owed Penn's father a large loan which at the elder Penn's death the king settled by granting Penn a large area of land "Sylvania" (Latin for woods) west and south of New Jersey. Charles renamed it Pennsylvania in honor of Penn's father. Perhaps Charles II was glad to have a place to send political outsiders like Penn that was far away from England. Issued on March 4, 1681, the boundaries of Pennsylvania were:

paragraphs: In 1682, an error in surveying placed Philadelphia inside the lands granted to Maryland. The two charters had overlapped. The Calvert family in Maryland demanded Philadelphia become a part of Maryland. The Penn family defended the error and in 1729 established Lancaster County, Pennsylvania partly in defense of the error.

paragraphs: Maryland hired a ruffian named Thomas Cresap to force the issue. He and his armed followers moved up the Susquehanna River from Havre de Grace, Maryland to the 40th parallel settling on the west bank of the river. From there they began harassing their Pennsylvania neighbors. They killed livestock and tore down fences. In 1732 the hostilities quieted down when the two colonies reached an agreement. But Lord Baltimore went back on the agreement two years later. Cresap and his men resumed raiding farms and telling Pennsylvania Quakers that if they wanted it stopped they would pay the taxes they owed Maryland.

paragraphs: The closest the dispute ever came to being a "war" was on November 23, 1736. A group of Scots-Irish men led by the Sheriff of Lancaster attacked Cresap's men. The Maryland ruffians were defeated with one being killed. Cresap was arrested and taken to Philadelphia. He remained in prison until August 1737 when the King ordered his release. He also ordered the two colonies to settle their dispute in the courts and not by fighting. An English high court ruled in 1750, in favor of Pennsylvania. The court stated that Maryland forfeited its charter rights when it agreed to the compromise in 1732. The new border was now at 39 degrees, 43 minutes, 26.3 seconds, north latitude based on the survey by Mason and Dixon.

paragraphs: In 1781, Pennsylvania abolished slavery. The original line became the rough dividing line between Southern slave states and Northern free states. The exception was Deleware which remained a slave state up to the American Civil War. Fifty years later the Missouri Compromise of 1820 established a line extending the Mason–Dixon line westward to the Ohio River. Then following the border of Ohio to the mouth of the river at the Mississippi River, then westward along 36 degrees 30 minutes North. The line began as a way to end a border dispute and became best known as the line separating slave and free states.


title: Horrenbach-Buchen

paragraphs: Horrenbach-Buchen is a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.


title: Huttwil

paragraphs: Huttwil is a city in the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.


title: Son Heung-min

paragraphs: Son Heung-min (Hangul: 손흥민 [sʰon hɯŋmin]; born 8 July 1992) is a South Korean soccer player. He is now in the English Premier League at Tottenham Hotspur F.C.. Son is a forward who plays both as a winger and a striker. He played in the Bundesliga for Hamburger SV and Bayer Leverkusen. Son is also a key player on the South Korean national team. He played in the 2014 FIFA World Cup.

paragraphs: Son was born on July 8th 1992 in Chuncheon, South Korea. He was taught by his father, who was a football player. He graduated Chuncheon Buan Elementary School. Then he entered Chuncheon Hupyeong Middle School, butl he transferred to and graduated from Wonju Yukmingwan Middle School. He entered Dongbuk High School, but quit to join Hamburger SV.

paragraphs: In 2008, Son joined the youth academy of Hamburger SV in the Bundesliga at the age of 16. He signed a professional contract before the 2010-2011 season.

paragraphs: In June 2013, he transferred to Bayer 04 Leverkusen.

paragraphs: In August 2015, Son joined the English Premier League team Tottenham Hotspur F.C.

paragraphs: Son's first international competition was the 2011 AFC Asian Cup. Later, he played in the 2014 FIFA World Cup.


title: Ring (diacritic)

paragraphs: A ring diacritic may appear above or below letters. It may be used with some letters of the extended Latin alphabets.


title: Werthenstein

paragraphs: Werthenstein is a municipality of the district of Entlebuch in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.


title: Wolhusen

paragraphs: Wolhusen is a municipality of the district of Entlebuch in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.


title: Harpers Ferry Armory

paragraphs: Harpers Ferry Armory, more formally known as the United States Armory and Arsenal at Harpers Ferry, was the second federal armory commissioned by the United States government. It was located in Harpers Ferry, West Virginia (then part of Virginia). It was also called the "mother arsenal", a term coined in 1797 by the first Secretary of the Navy Benjamin Stoddert. The first federal armory was the Springfield Armory located in Springfield, Massachusetts. In many books the town is called “Harper’s Ferry” with an apostrophe. The national armory has been associated with many historical events throughout the history of the United States.

paragraphs: In 1751, Robert Harper purchased of land at "The Hole", a name at the time for the place where the Potomac and Shenandoah rivers meet. He set up a ferry service for travelers who needed to cross the Shenandoah River. In 1763, the Virginia General Assembly established the town of "Shenandoah Falls" at "Mr. Harper's Ferry." Soon it just became known as Harpers Ferry. The town grew and became a transportation hub as more new businesses came here.

paragraphs: In 1794, the United States Congress passed a bill calling ""for the erecting and repairing of Arsenals and Magazines"". President George Washington, given wide latitude in carrying out this order, selected Harpers Ferry, then a part of Virginia, for the location of the Harpers Ferry National Armory. In 1796, the United States government purchased a parcel of land from the heirs of Robert Harper. In 1799, construction began on the national armory. Three years later, mass production of military arms started.

paragraphs: When it opened, the armory's size seemed to be too small for its workforce. It consisted of only one room. There were 25 workers. Nevertheless, the armory produced many muskets, rifles, and later pistols for the United States. By 1810 the armory was producing about ten thousand weapons per year. The building relied on river power to drive the armory's machinery.

paragraphs: Most of the guns for the 1804 Lewis and Clark Expedition were made at Harpers Ferry. In 1811 the M1819 Hall rifle was designed by Captain John Hall. In 1819 it was adopted by the U.S. Army and produced at Harpers Ferry.

paragraphs: The 1830s and 1840s saw a number of changes in the design of the basic musket produced at the armory. More powerful gunpowder was developed and weapons changed from flintlock to percussion cap operation. By 1855 the armory was producing rifled muskets by the thousands with ‘‘HARPERS FERRY’’ stamped on them.

paragraphs: The upgrades of the arsenal began in 1845-1854 with the construction of seven brand new workshops and the installation of 121 new machines. The new workshops had a brick superstructure with iron framing and sheet metal roofing. These reconstructed arsenal buildings became collectively known as the "U.S. Musket Factory". The armory canal was enlarged so that more water could get to the armory, which meant it would receive more power.

paragraphs: In addition, more people were employed to work at the armory than before: the labor force increased from 25 in 1802 to about 400 workers in 1859. The working conditions improved, but only slightly.

paragraphs: In 1859, the armory became the site of the famous raid by abolitionist John Brown. While unsuccessful in inciting a slave revolt, it did raise Southern fears and increased the tension between North and South prior to the American Civil War.

paragraphs: On April 17, 1861, Virginia seceded from the Union. At this point the arsenal became a prime military target. the governor of Virginia planned to take the valuable armory for the South. He knew that no Southern arsenal could match the quality of the arms being produced at Harpers Ferry. He sent his militia to take the arsenal before the Union Army could send enough troops to hold it. When the Virginia militia was four miles away, army Lieutenant Roger Jones sent an urgent message to Washington, DC explaining the danger they were in and to send them thousands of troops to defend Harpers Ferry. When he received no reply he decided he had to act. On the night of April 18, 1861, Jones ordered his men to set fire to the arsenal and the over 15,000 muskets and all the ammunition stored there. Then they quickly retreated across the bridge to Maryland. But the approaching Virginia militia put out the flames. They were able to save 4,000 muskets and all the machinery. The Confederates held the armory for the next three months. During this time they transported the machinery to the Confederate armory at Fayetteville, North Carolina. Then the Confederates set fire to the buildings when they retreated in July. The armory was destroyed and never rebuilt.

paragraphs: In spite of the armory's strategic importance, it was nearly impossible to defend. The town and arsenal were surrounded on sides by thousand-foot high cliffs. To defend Harpers Ferry required the placement of artillery on all high points over the city. Soldiers stationed at Harpers Ferry during the war described it as a “godforsaken, stinking hole”. The location of Harpers Ferry proved to be a poor choice militarily.

paragraphs: After the Civil War, John Brown's Fort was the only building to survive the destruction by both the Confederates and the Union. The building was named after John Brown for his notorious raid on the Harpers Ferry Armory in 1859. The building was the armory's fire engine and guardhouse.


title: Entlebuch (district)

paragraphs: Entlebuch is a district of the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. The capital is the municipality of Schüpfheim.

paragraphs: It contains the following municipalities:


title: Sixth form

paragraphs: The sixth form is the final stage in British secondary schools. This term is used in England, Northern Ireland, Wales and some other Commonwealth countries. The sixth form (or 'Key Stage 5') is the final two years of secondary education (U.S. 'high school'). Students (typically between 16 and 18 years of age) prepare for their A-level (or equivalent) examinations.


title: Inkwil

paragraphs: Inkwil is a municipality in the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.


title: Innertkirchen

paragraphs: Innertkirchen is a municipality in the administrative district of Interlaken-Oberhasli in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

paragraphs: On 1 January 2014 the former municipality of Gadmen merged into the municipality of Innertkirchen.


title: Ins, Switzerland

paragraphs: Ins () is a municipality in the administrative district of Seeland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.


title: Gaultheria

paragraphs: Gaultheria is a flowering plant genus in the family Ericaceae. "Gaultheria" has 135 species including the Salal, "Gaultheria shallon". "Gaultheria" are shrubs that are related to the blueberry. "Gaultheria" is commonly called wintergreen. The genus was described by Pehr Kalm.


title: Interlaken

paragraphs: Interlaken is a town and municipality in the administrative district of Interlaken-Oberhasli in the canton of Berne in Switzerland. It is an important and well-known tourist destination in the Bernese Oberland region of the Swiss Alps, and the main transport gateway to the mountains and lakes of that region.


title: Leopold, Duke of Lorraine

paragraphs: Léopold, Duke of Lorraine] (11 September 1679 – 27 March 1729) nicknamed "the Good" was the ruling Duke of Lorraine and Bar from 1690 to his death. He was named in honour of his uncle Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I. He was also responsible for the creation of the Château de Lunéville which was used as the ducal residence during his lifetime.

paragraphs: The eldest son of Eleanor of Austria and Charles V of Lorraine, He was from a long established House of Lorraine which had ruled over the small Duchy of Lorraine since 1473.

paragraphs: He was in exile and Lorraine was occupied by France until 30 October 1697, when it was returned to Leopold; it was again occupied by France from 1702 to 1714, although the duke remained in place. Following Leopold's death his wife would act as regenbt for their son Francis till he gained his majority.

paragraphs: Leopold married Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans, a niece of Louis XIV of France. The match was designed to improve relations between Lorraine and its larger and more powerful neighbour. (Lorraine having been for many years in the possession of France)

paragraphs: Leopold and Élisabeth Charlotte was finally married on 13 October 1698 at the Palace of Fontainebleau, Élisabeth Charlotte was given a large dowry. To everyones surprise, what had been expected to be an unhappy union turned out to be a marriage of love and happiness and the couple eventually had 13 children in total even though Leopold would often see his mistress the wife of Marc de Beauvau known as the "Princess of Craon".

paragraphs: Having worked hard to restore the duchy throughout his reign as a result of it being destroyed by the various wars throughout Leopold's life.

paragraphs: In March 1729, Leopold caught a fever while walking at the Château at Ménil near Lunéville. He returned to Lunéville where he died on 27 March, aged 49.


title: Joe Pavelski

paragraphs: Joe Pavelski is an ice hockey player. He currently plays center for the Dallas Stars. He also played for the San Jose Sharks. In 2015, he became the captain of the San Jose Sharks. In 2019, he was traded to Dallas Stars.


title: Agnetha Fältskog

paragraphs: Agnetha Åse Fältskog (, born 5 April 1950) is a Swedish musician, singer, songwriter, actress, and author. She became successful in Sweden after the release of her debut album "Agnetha Fältskog" in 1968, and reached international stardom as a member of the pop group ABBA.

paragraphs: After the break-up of ABBA, Fältskog found some success as a solo artist in the 1980s. Fältskog stopped recording music for almost 17 years until she released a new album in 2004.


title: Björn Ulvaeus

paragraphs: Björn Kristian Ulvaeus (credited as Björn Ulvæus ; born 25 April 1945) is a Swedish songwriter, producer, a former member of the Swedish musical group ABBA (1972–1982), and co-composer of the musicals "Chess", "Kristina från Duvemåla", and "Mamma Mia!". He co-produced the movie "Mamma Mia!" with fellow ABBA member and close friend Benny Andersson.


title: Dynamo Dresden

paragraphs: Sportgemeinschaft Dynamo Dresden e.V. (usually just called SG Dynamo Dresden or Dynamo Dresden) is a professional association football club from Dresden, Saxony, Germany. They currently play in the 2. Bundesliga.

paragraphs: The club was founded on 12 April 1953 as a club affiliated with the East German police. They became one of the most successful clubs in East Germany, winning 8 DDR-Oberliga titles. After the German reunification, they played in the Bundesliga for a few seasons, but they have drifted between the 2. Bundesliga and the Regionalliga Nordost.

paragraphs: Their main rivals are Berliner FC Dynamo, Lokomotive Leipzig, Chemnitzer, Sachsen Leipzig, Erzgebirge Aue and Dresdner. Also, their main colours are yellow and black (previously the colours were green and white).


title: Chromophore

paragraphs: A chromophore is the part of a molecule responsible for its colour.

paragraphs: The colour is caused when a molecule absorbs certain wavelengths of visible light. It transmits or reflects only other wavelengths, which causes the colour we see.

paragraphs: In biological molecules that capture or detect light energy, the chromophore is the part of the molecule which responds when hit by light.

paragraphs: Chromophores make the colour in chromatophores, which are the pigment-containing and light-reflecting cells found in many animals.


title: Himeros

paragraphs: Himeros (Ancient Greek: Ἱμερος "uncontrollable desire") is the god of sexual desire or unrequited love. He is one of the Erotes.

paragraphs: Himeros is shown to carry a bow and arrow. He created desire and passion in mortals. He is often depicted as a young man or child.

paragraphs: His parents are Ares and Aphrodite and he's brothers with Eros, his twin brother. His other siblings include Pothos, Anteros, Hermaphroditus, Hedylogos, Phobos, Deimos and Harmonia.


title: Harpers Ferry, West Virginia

paragraphs: Harpers Ferry is a historic town in Jefferson County, West Virginia, United States. In some cases the name Harper's Ferry has been spelled using an apostrophe. Harpers Ferry sits at the confluence of the Potomac and Shenandoah rivers. This is where the U.S. states of Maryland, Virginia and West Virginia meet. It is the easternmost town in West Virginia. The original, lower section of the town is located on a low-lying floodplain created by the two rivers. It is surrounded by higher ground on all sides. Historically, Harpers Ferry is best known for John Brown's raid on the Armory in 1859 and its role in the American Civil War. During the war, between 1861 and 1865, the town changed hands between Union and Confederate forces 14 times. The Battle of Harpers Ferry resulted in the largest surrender by Union Army soldiers in the Civil War.

paragraphs: The population was 286 at the 2010 census.


title: Battle of Harpers Ferry

paragraphs: The Battle of Harpers Ferry was fought September 12–15, 1862. It was part of the Maryland Campaign of the American Civil War. As Gen. Robert E. Lee's Confederate army invaded Maryland, a portion of his army under Major General Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson was sent to capture Harpers Ferry. His troops surrounded, bombarded, and captured the Union garrison at Harpers Ferry, Virginia (now West Virginia). This was a major victory at relatively minor cost.

paragraphs: During the Maryland Campaign of 1862, Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia advanced north through the Shenandoah Valley into Maryland. Lee planned to capture the garrison at Harpers Ferry to secure his line of supply back to Virginia. The Confederate Army was being pursued at a leisurely pace by Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan's Army of the Potomac. Even though the Union Army outnumbering him more than two to one, Lee chose the risky strategy of dividing his army. He sent one portion to converge and attack Harpers Ferry from three directions. Col. Dixon S. Miles, Union commander at Harpers Ferry, insisted on keeping most of the troops near the town instead of taking up commanding positions on the surrounding heights. He had been ordered by McClellan to hold the town until McClellan could send more soldiers.

paragraphs: The slim defenses of the most important position, Maryland Heights, first encountered the approaching Confederate on September 12. But there was only a brief skirmishing. Strong attacks by two Confederate brigades on September 13 drove the Union troops from the heights.

paragraphs: During the fighting on Maryland Heights, the other Confederate columns arrived. They were astonished to see that critical positions to the west and south of town were not defended. Jackson methodically positioned his artillery around Harpers Ferry and ordered Maj. Gen. A.P. Hill to move down the west bank of the Shenandoah River in preparation for a flank attack on the Federal left the next morning. By the morning of September 15, Jackson had positioned nearly 50 guns on Maryland Heights and at the base of Loudoun Heights. He began a fierce artillery barrage from all sides and ordered an infantry assault. Miles realized that the situation was hopeless. He agreed with his subordinates to raise the white flag of surrender. Before he could surrender personally, he was mortally wounded by an artillery shell and died the next day. After processing more than 12,000 Union prisoners, Jackson's men then rushed to Sharpsburg, Maryland, to rejoin Lee for the Battle of Antietam.


title: Giumaglio

paragraphs: Giumaglio is a village and former municipality of the district of Vallemaggia in the canton of Ticino, Switzerland.

paragraphs: On 4 April 2004 the former municipalities of Aurigeno, Coglio, Giumaglio, Lodano, Moghegno and Someo merged into the new municipality of Maggia.


title: Maryland Campaign

paragraphs: The Maryland Campaign (September 4, 1862–September 20, 1862), also called the Antietam Campaign, was a series of four battles in West Virginia and Maryland initiated by Confederate General Robert E. Lee. It was considered as one of the major turning points in the Civil War for the Union. The goal was for Lee's army to invade the Northern states of Maryland and Pennsylvania. That way he could threaten the cities of Washington, D.C. and Baltimore. By a series of decisive victories Lee thought that the South could gain recognition from England and France and get them to support the Southern cause. The hope was if Lee was victorious, it might cause Abraham Lincoln to sue for peace.

paragraphs: During the summer of 1862, the hopes of the North that the rebellion could be easily crushed were quickly fading. In July, Major General George B. McClellan's defeated attempt to capture the Southern capital at Richmond, Virginia failed. Near the end of August, the Second Battle of Bull Run was another Confederate victory. The Union armies retreated back to Washington, D.C. only a few miles away. In the West, Confederate offensives were proving to be successful. This was causing poor morale among the Union army soldiers.

paragraphs: Lee divided his Army of Northern Virginia into five smaller armies or columns. Three he sent with General "Stonewall" Jackson to attack and hold Harpers Ferry. This way Jackson could control the Shenandoah Valley.

paragraphs: The town of Harpers Ferry, Virginia (now West Virginia), sits at the confluence of the Potomac and Shenandoah Rivers. It is surrounded by high cliffs on three sides making it nearly impossible to defend. Col. Dixon S. Miles, Union commander at Harpers Ferry, kept most the troops near the town instead of taking up commanding positions on the surrounding heights. Jackson put artillery on all the heights and bombarded the garrison. Miles decided to surrender the more than 12,000 men. As he debated with his officers over the decision, Miles was struck by a shell that shattered his left leg, a wound that proved fatal. Jackson then took possession of Harper’s Ferry before joining the rest of Lee’s army at Sharpsburg, He left General A.P. Hill’s division at the garrison to guard the prisoners.

paragraphs: This skirmish took place in Maryland. While most of Lee's army was attacking Harpers Ferry, the rest moved into Maryland with Major General George B. McClellan's Army of the Potomac closely behind them. At Frederick, Maryland the Union army caught up with Lee and the fighting began on South Mountain. It was a natural formation that separated the Shenandoah and Cumberland Valleys from eastern Maryland. Several battles were fought that day over possession of South Mountain. The Confederates were driven back with a large number of casualties. McClellan could have destroyed Lee's army but he waited giving Lee the time to regroup.

paragraphs: The Battle of Antietam, also called the Battle of Sharpsburg, was not only the bloodiest day of the American Civil War, it was the single bloodiest day in American history. Most of the fighting occurred on September 17, 1862 between Antietam Creek and the town of Sharpsburg, Maryland. The events leading to the battle were somewhat strange. Earlier, a copy of Order No. 191 had been used to bundle a Confederate officer's cigars. It was dropped and found by Union soldiers. They were taken to McClellan who now knew exactly what Lee's battle plan was. However, a Southern sympathizer told Lee that McClellan had a copy of the order. So McClellan's advantage was lost. Because McClellan took his time after the Battle of South Mountain, Lee regrouped around Sharpsburg. The battles started on the morning of the 16th. By evening, there was still no clear-cut winner. Both sides were badly bloodied.

paragraphs: Also called the Battle of Botelier's Ford, this battle took place in Jefferson County, West Virginia. As Lee's army retreated south, Union troops under Major General Fitz John Porter's caught up with Lee's rearguard. While troops were still crossing the Potomac they were attacked by General William Pendleton's Confederates. This discouraged the Union command from following the Confederate retreat any further.

paragraphs: A little over a month later, President Lincoln relieved McClellan of command for failing to follow and destroy Lee's army. Major General Ambrose E. Burnside took over command of the Army of the Potomac.


title: Ipsach

paragraphs: Ipsach is a municipality in the administrative district of Biel/Bienne in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.


title: Iseltwald

paragraphs: Iseltwald is a village and municipality in the administrative district of Interlaken-Oberhasli in the canton of Berne in Switzerland. It is located on the southern of Lake Brienz.


title: Time in Egypt

paragraphs: Egypt observes Eastern European Time (UTC+2) all year round, the same time as neighboring Libya. On April 29, 2016, Egypt announced it was going to re-introduce daylight saving time (DST) on July 7 at 00:00 (), but on July 4, 2016, the Egyptian government announced that DST will not be observed in 2016.

paragraphs: Egypt first observed DST in 1940, but ended in 1945. DST was re-introduced in 1957, and the country continued to observe it until 2010.

paragraphs: Egypt formally observed daylight saving time from the last Friday of April until the first Friday of October. However, because of Ramadan, the dates varied, in 2006, it ended on September 22, in 2007 on September 7, and in 2008 on August 29. In 2010, Ramadan was completely changed to inside "summer".

paragraphs: On April 20, 2011, Egypt stopped observed summer time. EET was then used all year, with no summer time change.

paragraphs: In May 2014, daylight saving time was re-introduced in the country. DST started on Friday, May 16, with the period stopped during Ramadan, and then ended on Friday, September 26, but was abolished in 2015. In April 2016, it was announced DST will start on Friday, July 8, and end on Friday, October 28, but it was cancelled by the Egyptian government on July 4, 2016.


title: Mithankot

paragraphs: Mithankot (Urdu: مِٹهن كوٹ) is a city in southern Punjab, Pakistan. Mithankot is located on the right (west) bank of the Indus River, only a short distance downstream from its junction with Panjnad River.


title: Moscow Time

paragraphs: Moscow Time is UTC+3, the same time as Eastern European Summer Time, East Africa Time, and Arabia Standard Time.

paragraphs: On 28 March 2010, Moscow Time became the time zone for the Samara olabast in Russia, leaving Samara Time (UTC+4) unused.

paragraphs: On 8 February 2011, The Russian government announced the abandonment of winter time in all time zones across Russia. Moscovians set their clocks forward on 27 March 2011, and then UTC+4 became its standard time permanently.

paragraphs: In July 2014, The law to observe summer time year round was abandoned, and the clock has been set to UTC+3 starting from 26 October 2014.

paragraphs: The time zone database is Europe/Moscow.


title: Siti Musdah Mulia

paragraphs: Siti Musdah Mulia (born March 3, 1958 in Bone, South Sulawesi Selatandari) is an Indonesian professor of religion and an activist for women's rights. In 2007 she received the International Women of Courage Award.

paragraphs: Mulia came from a family with a strong religious tradition. She went to an Islamic boarding school. Her father and father-in-law are Islamic religious leaders.

paragraphs: Mulia's father was H. Mustamin Abdul Fatah, a battalion commander in Darul Islam the insurgent Islamic State led by Abdul Kahar Muzakkar. Her mother was Hj. Buaidah Achmad, the first girl in her village to graduate from an Islamic boarding school, Pesantren Darud Da'wah wal Irshad in Pare-Pare.

paragraphs: Mulia graduated from As`adiyah Islmaic high school in South Sulawesi in 1973. In 1997, she received a Doctor of Philosophy degree in Islamic political thought from the State Islamic University. She was the first woman to receive this degree.

paragraphs: In 1999, Mulia became a research professor at the Indonesian Institute of Sciences. She is also a professor of Islamic Political Thought at the School of Graduate Studies of Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University in Jakarta, Indonesia.

paragraphs: From 1999 to 2007 Mulia was the senior advisor of the Minister of Religious Affairs. In 2004 this group started to write the Compilation of Islamic Law. This draft of Indonesia’s Islamic code included banning polygamy and child marriage. Because of this, Mulia got death threats.

paragraphs: From 2000 to 2005 Malia was head of the Council of Indonesian Ulema.

paragraphs: Malia believes in "the right of women to interpret Islamic teachings, the right of women to become an ulema, and the right of women to correct religious missions".


title: Shenandoah River

paragraphs: The Shenandoah River is a tributary of the Potomac River, long with two forks approximately long each. One is in the U.S. states of Virginia while the other in West Virginia.

paragraphs: The river and its tributaries drain the central and lower Shenandoah River valley. They also drain the Page Valley in the Appalachians on the west side of the Blue Ridge Mountains, in northwestern Virginia and the Eastern Panhandle of West Virginia.

paragraphs: The Shenandoah Valley sits on limestone. The fertile soil made it an attractive place for early settlement. It continues to be a major agricultural area of Virginia and West Virginia.

paragraphs: Some karst topography is evident, and the limestone has a great number of caves. Several have been developed as commercial tourist attractions. These include Luray Caverns, Shenandoah Caverns, and the Skyline Caverns.

paragraphs: On the riverbank a few miles above Harpers Ferry, West Virginia is said to be a cave with an opening just large enough for a rider on horseback to squeeze through. It widened in the interior to a spacious room where hundreds of Col. John Mosby's raiding troops are said to have hidden from pursuing Union cavalry.


title: Ittigen

paragraphs: Ittigen is a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

paragraphs: The municipality was formed in 1983 when it and Ostermundigen were separated from territory once part of Bolligen.


title: Langnau bei Reiden

paragraphs: Langnau bei Reiden is a village and former municipality of the district of Willisau in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

paragraphs: On 1 January 2006 the former municipalities of Langnau bei Reiden and Richenthal merged into the municipality of Reiden.


title: Kottwil

paragraphs: Kottwil is a village and former municipality of the district of Willisau in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

paragraphs: Since 2006, it is part of the municipality of Ettiswil.


title: Dixon S. Miles

paragraphs: Dixon Stansbury Miles (May 4, 1804–September 16, 1862) was an officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War. He commanded a division in the First Battle of Bull Run. He was the commander of the Federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry during the Battle of Harpers Ferry. He died from shrapnel wounds the day after the Union garrison surrendered.

paragraphs: Miles was born in Baltimore, Maryland on May 4, 1804. He was a cadet at the United States Military Academy at West Point from June 24, 1819, to July 1, 1824. He was commissioned a brevet second lieutenant in the 7th Infantry Regiment. Nine years later Miles was promoted to first lieutenant in 1833 and captain in 1836. He served as Assistant Quartermaster from January 16, 1839 to September 30, 1845. In 1846, he served in the Mexican–American War. At the Siege of Fort Texas he was cited for Gallantry and "Meritorious Conduct" in the defense of Fort Texas and was promoted to the rank of major.

paragraphs: Miles had achieved the rank of Colonel by 1859. He was stationed at Fort Leavenworth in Kansas when the Civil War began. He was sent to Virginia and placed in command of an infantry brigade under Major general Robert Patterson. Then he was given command of a division under Brigadier general Irvin McDowell. He was at First Battle of Bull Run, but his division was held in reserve. He was then accused of being drunk at the battle. A Court of Inquiry was held and he was found guilty. A court-martial was not held. But Miles was not given another command until March 1862.

paragraphs: At the time he was assigned to the Harpers Ferry Armory, he was 58 years old; the oldest colonel in the Union Army. Miles arrived to take command in the spring of 1862. In 1861 the armory had been burned by Confederates. The town's remaining houses, mills and churches served as hospitals, barracks and stables. Most of the population was gone. But it was still an important base of supply for the Union. By September 1862, Miles had 14,000 men at Harpers Ferry. On September 12, 1862 Brigadier general Julius White arrived. But because he had no military experience, Colonel Miles remained in command. On September 5, Miles had been given very specific orders by his superior, Major general John E. Wool, "you will not abandon Harpers Ferry without defending it to the last extremity." As if the message was not specific enough, Wool sent another saying "there must be no abandoning of a post, and shoot the first man that thinks of it". Miles wired back saying he was ready for them. But for some reason Miles insisted on keeping most of the troops near the town instead of taking up commanding positions on the surrounding heights.

paragraphs: As Confederate General Robert E. Lee moved North in his Maryland Campaign of 1862, he split his forces. Lee sent Major General (CSA) Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson to capture and hold Harpers Ferry. His troops found the heights unguarded and placed artillery in a position to bombard the town. Early on September 15, Miles gathered his officers together. They were surrounded and nearly out of ammunition. At around 9:00 a.m., white flags were raised by the Union troops indicating their surrender. A few minutes later a Confederate shell exploded mortally wounding Miles. He died the next day. General White, the second in command, arranged for the surrender. It was the largest capture of Union soldiers during the war. Jackson captured over 12,700 men, 13,000 arms and 47 artillery pieces. Miles was blamed for the surrender.


title: Monte Vettore

paragraphs: Monte Vettore (; "victorious") is a mountain on the border between Umbria and the Marche, in Central Italy.

paragraphs: It is the highest mountain in the Marche region and in the province of Ascoli Piceno.

paragraphs: The mountain is part of the Sibillini Mountains (), a mountain group in Italy, part of the central Apennines between eastern Umbria and the Marche. It is in the "Sibillini Mountains National Park" ().

paragraphs: Below the peak, in a small enclosed U-shaped valley is one lake called the "Lago di Pilato", at an altitude of . Even if it is a small lake ( in diameter), it is important for biologists; a fresh water shrimp, "Chirocephalus marchesonii", is endemic to this lake.

paragraphs: Today climbers reach it from the Umbrian side from Norcia, a town and "comune" in the province of Perugia (Italy) in southeastern Umbria or, on the Marche side, from Ascoli Piceno.


title: 2016 Stanley Cup Finals

paragraphs: The 2016 Stanley Cup finals is the 123rd Stanley Cup trophy presentations as well as the champions of the 2015-16 NHL season. It featured the Pittsburgh Penguins and the San Jose Sharks. This was the Sharks first ever appearance in a Stanley Cup final and the Penguins 5th time in a Stanley Cup finals.

paragraphs: The Penguins beat the Sharks winning the series in game 6 at SAP Center, 3-1.

paragraphs: Years in boldface under the "Finals appearance" column signify the player won the Stanley Cup in the given year.


title: Hochdorf (district)

paragraphs: Hochdorf is a district of the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. The capital is the municipality of Hochdorf.

paragraphs: It contains the following municipalities:


title: Howards End

paragraphs: Howards End is a novel by E. M. Forster, first published in 1910. it is about social conventions, personal relationships and conflicting values in Edwardian England.

paragraphs: Some people think "Howards End" was Forster's best piece of work. In 1998, the Modern Library ranked "Howards End" 38th on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century. It was adapted into a film in 1992 starring Anthony Hopkins, Vanessa Redgrave, Emma Thompson, and Helena Bonham Carter. It was directed by James Ivory. It was nominated for 9 Academy Awards and won 3 Academy Awards.


title: Jaberg

paragraphs: Jaberg is a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.


title: Jegenstorf

paragraphs: Jegenstorf (Bernese German: "Jegischtorf") is a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

paragraphs: On 1 January 2010 the former municipality of Ballmoos merged into the municipality of Jegenstorf and

paragraphs: on 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Münchringen and Scheunen merged into the municipality of Jegenstorf.


title: Kallnach

paragraphs: Kallnach () is a municipality in the administrative district of Seeland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

paragraphs: On 1 January 2013 the former municipality of Niederried bei Kallnach merged into the municipality of Kallnach and on 1 January 2019 the former municipality of Golaten merged into the municipality of Kallnach.


title: Kandergrund

paragraphs: Kandergrund is a municipality in the administrative district of Frutigen-Niedersimmental in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.


title: Kandersteg

paragraphs: Kandersteg is a municipality in the administrative district of Frutigen-Niedersimmental in the canton of Berne in Switzerland. It is the valley of the river Kander, west of the Jungfrau massif.


title: Altwis

paragraphs: Altwis is a municipality of the district Hochdorf in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.


title: Bouillabaisse

paragraphs: Bouillabaisse is a French fisherman's soup. This traditional Provençal fish stew originated in the port of Marseille. The word is a compound of "bolhir" (to boil) and "abaissar" (to reduce heat, i.e., simmer).

paragraphs: It was a stew made by Marseille fishermen using the bony rockfish they were unable to sell. As well as fish, the soup has mussels (fr: "moules") and may have other marine invertebrates. Vegetables such as leeks, onions, tomatoes, celery, and potatoes are simmered together with the broth and served with the fish.

paragraphs: The broth is traditionally served with a rouille, a mayonnaise made of olive oil, garlic, saffron, and cayenne pepper on grilled slices of bread.

paragraphs: In Marseille, the broth is served first in a soup plate with slices of bread and "rouille", then the fish is served separately on a large platter (see image). A simpler version has the fish and broth brought to the table separately and served together in large soup plates.


title: Sword Art Online

paragraphs: "Sword Art Online" was commercially successful. According to Oricon, SAO was the top selling light novel series of 2012. More than 16 million copies of the light novel has been printed. The novel was later acted into a Japanese Anime.

paragraphs: An anime television series titled "Sword Art Online" aired in Japan between July and December 2012. It was produced by A-1 Pictures. Its second season called "Sword Art Online II" aired between July and December 2014. The third season of the anime titled "Sword Art Online: Alicization" premiered on October 7, 2018.


title: Salade niçoise

paragraphs: Salade niçoise is a salad from the district of Nice. It has tomatoes, tuna, hard-boiled eggs, olives, and anchovies. It is dressed with a vinaigrette. It is served with or without a bed of lettuce. The tuna may be cooked or canned.

paragraphs: The salad may include raw red peppers, shallots, artichoke hearts and other seasonal raw vegetables. It does not have cooked vegetables (like green beans and potatoes) which are often served in variations of salade niçoise around the world.

paragraphs: In French cuisine, raw vegetables served as appetisers are known as "crudités".


title: Light novel

paragraphs: A is a type of Japanese novel. It is mainly intended for young adults to read. They are sometimes adapted into manga and anime.


title: Ballwil

paragraphs: Ballwil is a municipality of the district Hochdorf in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.


title: Punitive damages

paragraphs: Punitive damages are a remedy given by a court of equity in a lawsuit. It is used when a court believes that the defendant needs more punishment to be reformed or stopped from doing the action that caused them to be sued.


title: Ilze Jaunalksne

paragraphs: Ilze Jaunalksne is a Latvian journalist for a television news program. In 2007 she received the International Women of Courage Award.

paragraphs: Jaualksne reported on political corruption and buying votes. She won a court case against the government.


title: Kappelen

paragraphs: Kappelen () is a municipality in the administrative district of Seeland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.


title: Samia al-Amoudi

paragraphs: Samia al-Amoudi () is a Saudi Arabian doctor. In 2007 she received the International Women of Courage Award.

paragraphs: In 2006 al-Amoudi learned she had breast cancer. She fought the cancer and broke the silence about this women's health problem.

paragraphs: Al-Amoudi is an Associate Professor at King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah and a consultant obstetrician gynecologist. She is also the head of the Women's Health Empowerment Scientific chair for women's health rights.

paragraphs: In 2013 King Abdullah named al-Amouid to the board of directors of the Union for International Cancer Control in Geneva, Switzerland.


title: Gurzelen

paragraphs: Gurzelen is a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.


title: Kaufdorf

paragraphs: Kaufdorf is a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.


title: Battle of South Mountain

paragraphs: The Battle of South Mountain was fought on September 14, 1862 in Maryland’s South Mountain between Confederate and Union forces. The Battle of South Mountain was a very important battle. It was the first major battle fought north of the Potomac River. It was the first invasion of the Northern United States by a Confederate Army. It was also here and not at Antietam where the Confederates under General Robert E. Lee were defeated and turned back. The day-long pitched battle was fought for control of the three passes through the mountain: Crampton's, Turner's, and Fox's Gaps.

paragraphs: During the summer of 1862, the hopes of the Union that the rebellion could be easily crushed were quickly fading. In July, Major General George B. McClellan failed in his attempt to capture the Southern capital at Richmond, Virginia. Near the end of August, the Second Battle of Bull Run was another defeat for the Union. Shortly after the battle, Lee made his plans to invade the north. Lee led his Army of Northern Virginia into Maryland on September 4, 1862. Lee thought that if he took the Civil War to the Union states, a major victory might convince Great Britain and France to support the South. He also thought it would make the North sue for peace. This would insure the Confederate States of America could remain an independent country.

paragraphs: McClellan remained in command of the Army of the Potomac even though he had failed to support Major General John Pope at the Second Battle of Bull Run. When Lee entered Maryland, in a rare exception to his usual slowness, McClellan moved more quickly to cut him off. Unknown to Lee at the time, a Union soldier had found a copy of Special Order 191. This was Lee's plan to split up his army. McClellan learned Lee had sent General Stonewall Jackson to attack and hold the Harpers Ferry Armory. The information gave McClellan the chance to destroy Lee's army while it was still weakened by Jackson's attack on Harpers Ferry. McClellan learned of Lee's plan on September 13. He boasted "Here is a paper with which if I cannot whip Bobbie Lee, I will be willing to go home." He also sent a telegram to President Lincoln where he wrote, "I have all the plans of the rebels, and will catch them in their own trap if my men are equal to the emergency." But McClellan waited another 18 hours before acting. This delay allowed Lee more time to collect all the elements of his army. As Lee had moved into Maryland, he left detachments to guard two of the passes through South Mountain, Crampton's Gap and Turner's Gap. These were the two most important routes through the 50-mile long South Mountain. Had McClellan moved a little faster, he would have caught Lee's army scattered on the other side of the mountain.

paragraphs: On September 14, the battle took place on three gaps. A few Confederate regiments guarded the two northern gaps, Turner's and Fox's and Crampton's Gap to the south. The Union army advanced from the east and attacked in two waves. The first wave attacked Fox's Gap at about 9 am. Early in the afternoon the second wave hit both Fox's and Turner's Gaps at the same time. Crampton's Gap was attacked in the late afternoon.

paragraphs: The distance between Crampton's and Turner's Gaps is about six miles. The terrain between them made each part of the battle a separate fight. The fighting went on all day at Turner's Gap and all afternoon at Crampton's Gap. Turner's Gap was fought on a larger scale, was more costly and took longer than the other actions. This delaying action was also a large deception by the Confederate forces. The Union forces thought the mountain was swarming with Confederates when in fact only one division guarded the passes until later in the afternoon. Union forces could have easily swept them aside had they known how few there actually were.

paragraphs: McClellan's concentrating his attack on the Confederates on South Mountain meant he did not help the garrison at the Battle of Harpers Ferry. From having a copy of Lee's Special Order 191, McClellan knew Jackson was attacking the Union Forces at Harpers Ferry. What little help he did send arrived too late to prevent the surrender. It also gave Lee the time he needed to gather his forces together at Sharpsburg, Maryland. Had McClellan moved faster and more decisively, the costly Battle of Antietam might never have taken place. Confederate losses for the day amounted to 2,700 soldiers. The Union losses were 2,300 dead or wounded. The Confederates were able to delay McClellan's forces by fiercely defending the gaps. This gave Lee precious time to regroup and move on to Sharpsburg where the Battle of Antietam pitted the two armies against each other again. The battle of South Mountain, however, forced Lee to give up his plans for invading the North and caused him to have to defend his army.

paragraphs: The Civil War Trust (a division of the American Battlefield Trust) and its partners have acquired and preserved 647 acres of the South Mountain battlefield.


title: Mariya Ahmed Didi

paragraphs: Mariya Ahmed Didi is a Maldivian representative in the parliament. In 2007 she received the International Women of Courage Award.

paragraphs: In March 2006, the police arrested a female activist at her house late at night, so Didi organized the first women's rights protest in Maldives.


title: Kehrsatz

paragraphs: Kehrsatz is a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.


title: Kernenried

paragraphs: Kernenried is a municipality of the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

paragraphs: It is 6 km west of Burgdorf and 15 km north-northeast of Berne.


title: Kienersrüti

paragraphs: Kienersrüti is a former municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

paragraphs: On 1 January 2014 the former municipality of Kienersrüti merged into the municipality of Uttigen.


title: Hal Robson-Kanu

paragraphs: Thomas Henry Alex "Hal" Robson-Kanu (born on 21 May 1989 in Acton, England, United Kingdom) is a professional footballer who plays as a winger. He currently doesn't play for any club, but has been playing for the Wales national football team since 2010. He has played for England's youth squads, but decided to play for Wales in 2010. He played his first match with Wales against Austria on 18 May 2010.

paragraphs: Hal Robson-Kanu has played with Arsenal, Reading, Southend United on loan and Swindon Town on loan. He won the Football League Championship with Reading during the 2011–12 season.


title: Neil Taylor (footballer)

paragraphs: Neil John Taylor (born 7 February 1989 in St Asaph, Clwyd, Wales) is a Welsh professional footballer who plays as a defender. He currently plays for the Premier League club Swansea City and the Wales national football team. He has also played for Manchester City and Wrexham. He is mother is from India, and he is one of the few British Asians in professional football. He was included in Wale's squad for the UEFA Euro 2016.


title: Burak Yılmaz

paragraphs: Burak Yılmaz (born 15 July 1985 in Antalya, Turkey) is a Turkish professional footballer who plays as a striker. Since 5 February 2016, he has played for Beijing Guoan and the Turkey national team. He has also played for all of the big four clubs in the Turkey: Beşiktaş, Fenerbahçe, Trabzonspor and Galatasaray; along with Antalyaspor, Manisaspor and Eskişehirspor.

paragraphs: He scored his first goal against Karşıyaka during the 2004–05 season.


title: Birkir Bjarnason

paragraphs: Birkir Bjarnason (born on 27 May 1988 in Akureyri, Iceland) is an Icelandic professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder. He currently plays for the Swiss club of FC Basel and the Iceland national team. In his homeland he is nicknamed Thor.

paragraphs: He has also played for Viking FK, FK Bodø/Glimt, Standard Liège, Delfino Pescara 1936 and Sampdoria. He won the Swiss Super League with Basel in 2016.

paragraphs: He was included in Iceland's squad for the UEFA Euro 2016. On 14 June 2016, he scored Iceland's first goal at a major tournament. It was against Portugal, and the game ended in a draw.


title: Arnór Ingvi Traustason

paragraphs: Arnór Ingvi Traustason (born on 30 April 1993 in Keflavík, Iceland) is an Icelandic professional footballer who plays with Austrian club Rapid Wien as a midfielder. He has also played for Knattspyrnudeild Keflavík, Sandnes Ulf and IFK Norrköping. He was called the most promising player of the 2013 Úrvalsdeild season.

paragraphs: He also plays for the Iceland national football team. He was included in Iceland's UEFA Euro 2016 squad. On 22 June 2016, he scored against Austria at the 90th minute to win the match for Iceland and send them to the Round of 16.

paragraphs: He won the Allsvenskan with IFK Norrköping in 2015.


title: Fimleikafélag Hafnarfjarðar

paragraphs: Fimleikafélag Hafnarfjarðar (English: "Hafnarfjörður Gymnastics Club"; usually just called FH) is an Icelandic sports club from Hafnarfjörður. The club competes in football, handball, track and field, and fencing. The men's football team has been one of the most successful Icelandic teams since the early-2000s. They recently won the 2015 Úrvalsdeild.

paragraphs: The club was founded in 1928 as a gymnastics club. FH has since moved into other sports. FH were promoted to the Úrvalsdeild in football for the first time in 1979. After moving up and down through the league system, they finally were promoted to the Úrvalsdeild again in 2000. They won their first Úrvalsdeild title in 2004.

paragraphs: They went on to win the Úrvalsdeild six more times, the Icelandic cup twice, Icelandic league cup six times and the Icelandic super cup six times. They also made multiple appearances in European tournaments.


title: San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge

paragraphs: The San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge is a series of bridges across San Francisco, California. It is part of Interstate 80 in California.

paragraphs: It has two spans over water. The western span is a suspension bridge while the eastern span is a self-anchored suspension bridge. The eastern span used to be a cantilever bridge but it was removed once the new bridge opened. The cantilever span was destroyed in the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake which is one of the reasons why the Eastern span was replaced.

paragraphs: The west span is a double suspension bridge with two decks. Westbound traffic is carried on the upper deck and eastbound on the lower deck. The new east span is a single deck with the eastbound and westbound lanes on each side. It is the world's widest bridge.


title: Vestmannaeyjar

paragraphs: Vestmannaeyjar (sometimes called the Westman Islands) is a town and archipelago off the south coast of Iceland.

paragraphs: The largest island, Heimaey, has a population of 4,135. The other islands are uninhabited.

paragraphs: The town was evacuated in 1973 because of the Eldfell eruption. The eruption destroyed one fifth of the town before the lava flow was stopped by putting 1.5 billion gallons (6.8 billion litres) of cold water on it.

paragraphs: The islands are named after the Gaelic slaves who had been captured by the Norsemen. The Old Norse word, "Vestmenn" (meaning Westmen), was applied to the slaves and was retained in Icelandic.

paragraphs: After Ingólfr Arnarson first arrived in Iceland, his brother Hjörleifr Hróðmarsson was murdered by the Gaelic slaves. In response, he tracked the slaves down to the islands are murdered all of them, hence the name Vestmannaeyjar (the islands of the west men).

paragraphs: On 16 July 1627, the islands were captured by a group of North African pirates who stayed there until 19 July. They were under control of the Ottomans. The pirates captured 234 people from the islands and took them on a 27-day voyage to Algiers, where most of them spent their life under bondage. One of the prisoners, minister Ólafur Egilsson, returned in 1628 to the islands and wrote a book about his experience. In 1636, a ransom was paid for 34 of the captives, and most of them returned to Iceland. After this, a fort was built on the Helgafell volcano to keep watch for ships.

paragraphs: For centuries, the people who lived on the islands survived from fishing and eating birds and their eggs. At the end of the 19th century, the lifestyle of the islanders greatly improved. In 1904, the first motorised boat was purchased, and more followed soon afterwards. By 1930, the population had risen from 600 in 1900 to 3,470. The islands have since been known for being a great fishing and sea processing developer.

paragraphs: In 2000, the Norwegian government gifted Iceland with the Heimaey stave church. This was to celebrate the conversion of Iceland to Christianity a thousand years earlier.

paragraphs: The Vestmannaeyjar archipelago is geologically young. They have been formed by eruptions over the past 10,000–12,000 years. The volcanic system is made up of 70–80 volcanoes.

paragraphs: Total: 16.3 square kilometres (6.3 sq mi)

paragraphs: There are a total of 15 islands, and about 30 rock stacks and skerries. All islands were formed from underwater eruptions and are made up of palagonite tuff and lava. The oldest island is Heimaey ("Home Island"). Basalt columns can be seen in many places, along with coves caused by soft rock erosion.

paragraphs: The Eldfell eruption caused Heimaey to grow by about 2.1 square kilometres (0.81 sq mi). The highest point in Vestmannaeyjar is at around 900 feet on the Heimaey island.

paragraphs: There is little snow in Vestmannaeyjar, but plenty of rain. Because of this, migrating birds are often seen in spring and leave during autumn. All of Iceland's seabirds can be found in Vestmannaeyjar: the guillemot, gannet, kittiwake, Iceland gull, and puffin. The puffin is the Vestmannaeyjar emblem, and can be seen all around the island.

paragraphs: There are about 150 plant species on the island, along with 80 types of insects. The waters around the island have some of the North Atlantic's richest fishing grounds. The two main commercially used fish in Iceland, the cod and haddock, are found in great amounts near the island. Other types of fish near the islands include flatfish, herring, capelin, lobsters and ocean perch. Seals, small types of whales and other marine species are also present in large numbers around the islands.

paragraphs: The islands receive a lot of rain considering its latitude. Vestmannaeyjar has a tundra climate (closely bordering the subpolar oceanic climate) under the Köppen climate classification. There is a lot of wind on the islands. The highest wind speed recorded in Iceland (61 metres per second;140 mph) was recorded at the southern point of the Heimaey island. However, the island enjoys the highest annual temperature in Iceland.


title: 2015–16 Golden State Warriors season

paragraphs: The 2015-16 Golden State Warriors season was the 70th season for the team as well as the National Basketball Association, and its 54th in San Francisco, California. They entered the season as defending champions and made history as the first 73 win 9 loss team, only behind the Michael Jordan-led 72-10 Bulls.

paragraphs: In the playoffs, they defeated the dysfunctional Houston Rockets (41 wins 41 losses), who they played last year in the WCF'S in 5 games, the Portland Trail Blazers (44 wins 38 losses), also in 5 games, and the Kevin Durant/Russell Westbrook lead Oklahoma City Thunder (55 wins 27 losses) in 7 games. The Warriors however trailed the Thunder 3-1, looking like they were going to be eliminated but however, the Warriors won game 5 120-111, game 6 108-101, and in game 7 96-88. The Warriors became the 10th team to win the series when down 3-1, after last year's Houston Rockets. They would meet the Cleveland Cavaliers again in the NBA Finals. The Warriors were up 3-1 in the series following a game 4 97-108 victory at Quicken Loans Arena. However, they lost game 5 at home 97-112, game 6 101-115, and a game 7 champion decider 89-93. They would become the 11th team to lose while up 3-1 and the first to do it in the NBA Finals. They also became the first playoff team to overcome a 3-1 deficit and blow a 3-1 lead in the same playoff year.

paragraphs: <nowiki>*</nowiki> – Recorded statistics when playing for Golden State


title: San Mateo–Hayward Bridge

paragraphs: The San Mateo–Hayward Bridge (commonly called the San Mateo Bridge) is a bridge crossing the U.S. state of California's San Francisco Bay. It provides a link of the San Francisco Peninsula with the East Bay. The bridge's west end is in Foster City, a suburb on the eastern edge of San Mateo. The east end of the bridge is in Hayward. It is the longest bridge in California and the 25th longest in the world. The bridge is owned by the state of California, and is maintained by Caltrans, the state highway agency. Further oversight is provided by the Bay Area Toll Authority.

paragraphs: The bridge is part of State Route 92, whose western terminus is at the town of Half Moon Bay on the Pacific coast. It links Interstate 880 in the East Bay with U.S. Route 101 on the Peninsula. It is roughly parallel to and lies between the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge and the Dumbarton Bridge, and is sometimes used by commuters to avoid traffic delays due to emergencies on those bridges.

paragraphs: The San Francisco Bay Toll-Bridge Company issued in bonds to raise a portion of the estimated budget required to build the first bridge. First-year operating revenues were anticipated to be , but the original bridge lost money in its first year of operation.

paragraphs: The original bridge, known as the San Francisco Bay toll bridge, opened on 1929-03-02 after approximately a year of construction. It was a privately owned venture and was then the longest bridge in the world. The original bridge was mostly a two-lane causeway trestle with five truss spans in the center incorporating a vertical lift over the main shipping channel. Clearance when the lift was down to allow road traffic over the bridge was , and clearance when the lift was up to allow marine traffic to pass the bridge was .

paragraphs: Although the initial press was favorable, daily traffic fell from the opening months and never exceeded 2,000 cars per day until 1947. The State of California purchased the bridge on 1951-09-12 for . By 1955, traffic exceeded 9,000 cars per day, and in 1957, traffic was stopped an average of six times per day to allow ship traffic to pass the bridge. The bridge originally had pole lights along the entire stretch, which were later abandoned except over the vertical lift span. Traffic on the bridge increased from 3,000 cars per day in 1929 to 56,000 cars per day in 1968. Before the new bridge was complete, California put the original truss spans up for sale in 1965, with the buyer obligated to remove all five truss spans after completion of the 1967 bridge.

paragraphs: With increased road and marine traffic, a bill was introduced in 1961 by State Senator Richard J. Dolwig to fund a new fixed high-level bridge to replace the 1929 lift-bridge. The modern span, which began construction on 1961-07-17, opened for traffic in 1967 at a cost of . The originally designed upgrade would retain the existing lift span (along with the attendant delays due to passing ship traffic), adding a second deck to the truss spans and widening the existing trestles to four lanes, but the California Toll Bridge Authority added to the project budget in September 1961 to replace the existing lift span with a fixed high-level double-deck span, which would have been similar in appearance to the nearby 1956 Richmond–San Rafael Bridge.

paragraphs: By that time, prior phases of the project had already been awarded to relocate the toll plaza from San Mateo to Hayward on new fill and bids were taken for the new eastern trestle, with trestle construction awarded to Peter Kiewit Sons'. The finished single-deck design was not finalized until January 1962, with work initially estimated to complete in 1965.

paragraphs: The new span won two prizes in 1968: an ASCE Award for Outstanding Civil Engineering Achievement and an American Institute of Steel Construction long-span prize bridge award.

paragraphs: William Stephen Allen was retained as an architectural consultant, although the bridge was designed by the Bay Toll Crossings Division (under Chief Engineer Norman C. Raab) of the California Department of Public Works. Chuck Seim, one of the design engineers working for Bay Toll Crossings, would later credit Allan Temko's criticism of Raab's economical truss design for the Richmond–San Rafael crossing for generating sufficient public pressure to drive the single-deck design. Temko's article quoted T.Y. Lin as being against a repeat of the Richmond–San Rafael design, but Lin ultimately gave Temko the credit for the design. Raab retired and his successor, E.R. "Mike" Foley, was willing to incorporate aesthetic considerations, resulting in the final design. The western highrise span features an all-steel superstructure, with an orthotropic deck over two parallel box girders, following the construction of several smaller test bridges using the same orthotropic deck technology. It was the first large-scale use of an orthotropic deck, which reduces weight, and thus seismic loading, although the bridge is expected to receive moderate to major damage following an earthquake.

paragraphs: Murphy Pacific Marine built the "Marine Boss" floating barge-crane in 1966 with a capacity to perform the heavy box girder and deck-section lifts. The heavy lift capacity of "Marine Boss" enabled Murphy Pacific to raise much longer prefabricated girders than existing barge cranes would have allowed. Box girder and deck sections were fabricated in Murphy Pacific's Richmond yard and were carried by "Marine Boss" to the bridge construction site. "Marine Boss" was sold for scrap in 1988 to Weeks Marine in New Jersey, who renamed it the "Weeks 533" and refurbished it. "Weeks 533" has since been used for several notable heavy lifts, including moving the Concorde and "Enterprise" onto the Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum and lifting the downed hull of US Airways Flight 1549 from the Hudson River.

paragraphs: The total length of the bridge is , which is made up of a western highrise section and an eastern trestle section. of fill were used at the Hayward end to reclaim land for placing the toll plaza and administrative buildings. The eastern trestle span was built on 4,840 prestressed hollow concrete piles, each long. The contractor built a casting yard in Richmond to produce the concrete piles continuously. The new eastern trestle span was completed in 1963 and traffic over the existing 1929 bridge was moved over to it.

paragraphs: Work on the western highrise span was bid in October 1964 and commenced in 1965. It crosses a shipping channel, with an orthotropic main span that is long (at the time, the longest girder span in the United States) and has a vertical clearance of . The main span is flanked by two orthotropic back spans which are each long, and there are seven orthotropic side spans on the approach to each back span. Each of these side spans are long. Although these spans appear to be formed from continuous box girders, they consist of alternating anchor spans and suspended spans. Anchor spans rest on top of two adjacent piers and cantilever over each side slightly, and suspended spans are hung between the ends of two adjacent anchor spans. There are an additional nine steel spans carrying a concrete deck on the San Mateo side of the highrise, and ten steel spans carrying a concrete deck on the Hayward side, ranging from . The bridge carries about 93,000 cars and other vehicles on a typical day, almost double its original projected design capacity of 50,000 vehicles per day.

paragraphs: The steel deck of the bridge, approximately , was paved with an epoxy asphalt concrete wearing surface in two layers. The San Mateo Bridge was the first deployment of an epoxy asphalt concrete wearing surface. , the original wearing surface was still in use, but was subsequently replaced in 2015.

paragraphs: The highrise section was initially built with six lanes and the eastern causeway with four lanes (two in each direction). The causeway section was a perennial traffic bottleneck until it was expanded to six lanes in 2002, along with much needed improvements in its connections with Interstate 880 in Hayward.

paragraphs: Bus service over the bridge is provided by AC Transit's Line M Transbay service.

paragraphs: High-voltage power lines built by PG&E in the 1950s parallel the bridge all the way across the bay. They provide power to the peninsula and San Francisco.

paragraphs: The bridge was closed in the wake of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake as a precaution, but reopened on 1989-10-18. It underwent an extensive seismic retrofitting to protect against earthquake damage from 1997 through 2000.

paragraphs: The bridge was considered the worst evening commute in the Bay Area, which ended with the completion of a new eastern trestle carrying westbound bridge traffic in 2002. Eastbound bridge traffic took over the old trestle completely, although eastbound traffic was not expanded to three lanes until February 2003. Funded as part of BATA's regional Measure (RM) 1 program, which raised bridge tolls, the new low-rise trestle portion of the bridge added shoulders on both sides in both directions and effectively widened traffic from four to six lanes, matching the configuration of the high-rise portion of the bridge. With the completion of the new westbound trestle, the speed limit on the bridge was raised to .

paragraphs: A beam, which had been added as part of the seismic retrofit project, was found in a cracked condition during a routine inspection in October 2010. The beam, which was on the westbound approach to (east of) the highrise section, was patched with a steel plate as an emergency repair, and permanent repairs, requiring a weekend shutdown, were completed two years later.

paragraphs: After nearly forty years of service from the original orthotropic deck wearing surface, Myers and Sons Construction, a partnership between C. C. Myers and Sterling Construction Company, was the selected bidder to remove and replace the wearing surface on the highrise portion in 2015. The work required two full weekend closures on May 8–11, 2015 and May 22–25, 2015. The new polyester concrete wearing surface, developed by Caltrans and used to great success in other Bay Area bridges, is anticipated to be at least as durable as the original epoxy asphalt concrete, according to laboratory tests.

paragraphs: The bridge was closed to traffic, for the first time since opening, starting at 10pm on Friday, May 8, 2015, for resurfacing and maintenance. The bridge reopened before 4am on Monday, May 11, 2015. It closed again for the final phase over Memorial Day weekend, May 22–25, 2015, fully reopening by 4:55am on May 25.

paragraphs: After the new bridge was built, the old bridge was demolished but the western approach (the trestle span up to the original truss spans) was purchased by the County of San Mateo in 1968 for the nominal sum of and retained as the Werder Fishing Pier, which was known as one of the best places to catch sharks in San Francisco Bay. San Mateo County operated Werder Pier under a lease agreement with Caltrans, which stated that Caltrans may temporarily revoke the lease in order to perform use the pier as a staging area for repairs to the 1967 span, and that San Mateo County must maintain the pier and keep it open for public use for twenty-five years.

paragraphs: Werder Pier was closed to the public in 1996, when Caltrans used it as an equipment staging area for the seismic retrofit of the 1967 span. In addition, there were liability concerns since the pier's structure had degraded due to exposure to marine elements. A report was prepared for the County in 2004; the cost of rehabilitating the pier and providing some improvements was estimated at up to , depending on a more detailed evaluation of the pier's condition, since the investigation for the report revealed numerous cracks, spalls and exposed reinforcing steel. However, the report also stated the pier did not require any seismic retrofitting.

paragraphs: Tolls are only collected from westbound traffic at the toll plaza on the east side of the bridge. Since July 2010, the toll rate for passenger cars is $5. For vehicles with more than two axles, the toll rate is $5 per axle. Drivers may either pay by cash or use the FasTrak electronic toll collection device. During peak traffic hours, the two left lanes are designated HOV lanes, allowing carpool vehicles carrying two or more people or motorcycles to pass for a toll of $2.50. The next three lanes are FasTrak-only lanes. During non-peak hours the two HOV lanes become FasTrak-only lanes.


title: Heimaey

paragraphs: Heimaey (English: "Home Island") is an island in Iceland. It is the largest island in the Vestmannaeyjar archipelago (at 13.4 square kilometres or 5.2 sq mi.) The island is 7.4 kilometers (4.6 miles) away from the south coast of Iceland. It is the only populated island in the Vestmannaeyjar archipelago, with a population of 4,500 people.


title: Kolbeinn Sigþórsson

paragraphs: Kolbeinn Sigþórsson (born 14 March 1990 in Reykjavík, Iceland) is an Icelandic footballer who currently plays as a striker. He plays for the French club FC Nantes and the Iceland national football team. He has also played for Knattspyrnufélagið Víkingur, Handknattleiksfélag Kópavogs, AZ Alkmaar, AFC Ajax and Jong Ajax. He was included in Iceland's UEFA Euro 2016 squad.


title: Rúnar Kristinsson

paragraphs: Rúnar Kristinsson (born 5 September 1969 in Reykjavik, Iceland) is an Icelandic former association football midfielder who played for Lokeren, Lillestrøm SK, Örgryte IS and KR Reykjavík. He's currently the manager of the Norwegian club Lillestrøm.

paragraphs: He first began playing football at the small club of Leiknir, before he started practicing at KR Reykjavík, Iceland's largest club. He spent most of his youth career at KR Reykjavik. His skill attracted interest from foreign clubs, and he eventually went to the Swedish club of Örgryte IS in 1995. Halfway through the season, he moved to Lillestrøm SK in Norway. Rúnar was a success there, and moved to K.S.C. Lokeren Oost-Vlaanderen in Belgium in 2000.

paragraphs: He decided to move back to KR Reykjavík in 2007 to finish off his career. He took over as head coach at KR halfway through the 2010 season and managed the team for four seasons. During that time, KR Reykjavík won two league titles (2011 and 2013) and three cup titles (2011, 2012 and 2014). Rúnar left KR November 2014, to manage his former club Lillestrøm SK.

paragraphs: He has made a record 104 appearances for Iceland, along with 3 goals. He was captain of the team in 11 matches, but retired from international football in 2004.


title: Kingdom of Iceland

paragraphs: The Kingdom of Iceland (Icelandic: "Konungsríkið Ísland"; Danish: "Kongeriget Island") was a constitutional monarchy that had a personal union with Denmark. The kingdom was created on 1 December 1918. It lasted until 17 June 1944 when a national referendum created the Republic of Iceland.

paragraphs: The Act of Union, signed on 1 December 1918, allowed Iceland to create its own flag, declared its neutrality and asked Denmark to help with its foreign affairs and defense interests.

paragraphs: The Nazi German occupation of Denmark in the early-1940s broke off their communications. As a result, the Althing named themselves the head of state and said that Iceland would no longer need Denmark's help. The island was later occupied by British and American forces. This lasted until World War II ended.

paragraphs: The monarchy held an constitutional referendum from 20 and 23 May 1944. The option to establish a new republican constitution won with 98.5% of the vote. Christian X of Denmark sent a message of congratulations to the Icelandic people.


title: Steyr AUG

paragraphs: The AUG (Armee-Universal-Gewehr—"universal army rifle") is an Austrian bullpup 5.56×45mm NATO assault rifle. It was designed in 1977 by Steyr Mannlicher GmbH & Co KG (formerly Steyr-Daimler-Puch).


title: Emmen, Switzerland

paragraphs: Emmen is a city of the district of Hochdorf in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.


title: Kiesen

paragraphs: Kiesen is a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.


title: Xiumin

paragraphs: Kim Min-seok (born March 26, 1990) known by his artistic name Xiumin is a singer, dancer, model and actor South Korean. He is a member of the boy band EXO.

paragraphs: Xiumin was born in Guri, Gyeonggi, South Korea on March 26, 1990. He was a student of the Catholic Kwandong University where he attended a seminar and gave a presentation to students of applied music. Xiumin attended at the same school in where studying Dongwoo of INFINITE.

paragraphs: Xiumin is trained in martial arts and is competent in Kendo, Wushu, Taekwondo and fencing.

paragraphs: In 2008, at the age of 18, he joined S.M. Entertainment after winning second place in S.M. Everysing Contest. Xiumin was the seventh member to be revealed as a member of the EXO group after making a teaser set with Kai on January 26, 2012.

paragraphs: In 2013, Xiumin appeared in the video for "Gone" by Lovelyz's Jin, with to the actress Kim Yoo-jung.

paragraphs: In January 2015, the acted in the musical S.M. Entertainment "School Oz" acting the role of Aquila along with f(x)'s Luna, Shinee's Key, fellow Suho, TVXQ's Changmin and Red Velvet's Seulgi.

paragraphs: In October, 2015, Xiumin was the main protagonist of the web-drama "Falling for Challenge" together with Kim So-eun. He released the "You Are The One" OST for the drama.


title: Kirchberg, Bern

paragraphs: Kirchberg is a municipality in the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.


title: Mama

paragraphs: Mama (stylized as MAMA) is the first mini-album of South Korean band EXO, produced and released by S.M. Entertainment on April 9, 2012. It has two editions: by EXO-K Korean version and the Chinese version by EXO-M. The album made its debut at position number one on Gaon Chart.

paragraphs: The album was produced by Lee Soo-man, who is also the main producer of the group. The title of the album is a term that is commonly used in Korea in one person in the family, similar to "your Highness" or "your Majesty". The main single was composed by Yoo Young-jin, who is also the co-author of other singles of the mini album, "What Is Love" and "History"


title: Oh Se-hun

paragraphs: Oh Se-hun (hangul: 오세훈; hanja: 吳世勳; born April 12, 1994 in Seoul) better known by the mononym Sehun is a South Korean singer, rapper, dancer, model and actor. Since 2012, he is a member of the boy band EXO under S.M. Entertainment.

paragraphs: Sehun was born in Jungnang-gu, Seoul, South Korea on April 12, 1994. He was discovered by a talent agent when he was twelve years old. He joined SM Entertainment after a successful audition on Casting System in 2008.

paragraphs: He was introduced as a Exo's member on January 10, 2012. In april. It officially debuted with the extended play, "Mama". Still in April, along with Baekhyun, Chanyeol and Kai, appeared in the video of Girls' Generation-TTS's debut song. On August 17, 2012, he performed with his labelmate, BoA at "Music Bank" as a dancer in the song "Only One," after Yunho, Eunhyuk and Taemin. In July 2013, he starred in the second episode of the sitcom "Royal Villa", along with Chanyeol. In August 2014, he starred in the remake of the music video for "Yo!" made for "". In March 2015, appeared in the music video of Donghae & Eunhyuk's song, "Can You Feel It?". In April of the same year, she starred alongside the other EXO members the web series "EXO Next Door", also starring actress Moon Ga-young. In May of 2015, appeared in the music video of BoA's "Who Are You?".

paragraphs: In March 2016, Sehun was confirmed as the male lead in the Korean-Chinese film "Catman", playing Liang Qu. In July 2016, he was introduced as the male lead in the Korean-Chinese web-drama "Dear Archimedes". In September 2017, he was confirmed as a cast member at the Netflix variety show, "Busted!". In February of 2018, he obtained his role as protagonist of "Dokgo Rewind", where he plays two twins: Kang Hyuk, a wrestler and Kang Hoo, a shy student. In June 2018, he starred in the web drama "Secret Queen Makers", produced by Lotte Duty Free. On September 14, he released "We Young" along with Chanyeol as part of Station X 0.

paragraphs: In January 2016, UNICEF and Louis Vuitton have teamed up for the Make a Promise campaign, Irene Bae and Sehun as role models on the February cover of CeCi magazine. For this campaign, 40 percent of the profits of Louis Vuitton silver bracelet and necklace Sehun and Irene used in the magazine will go to UNICEF to help children in need. Sehun said: "I want to buy treats for the children and help them not lose hope." Irene added: "I want to continue to participate in campaigns like 'make a promise' to help the children."


title: Kai

paragraphs: Kim Jong-in (born January 14, 1994) better known by his stage name Kai is a South Korean singer and actor. He is a member of Exo. He began his acting career at "Choco Bank" in February 2016, playing Kim Eun-haeng.

paragraphs: Kai was born in Suncheon, South Jeolla, South Korea on January 14, 1994. He is the younger brother of three children, began dancing when he was eight years old and did jazz and ballet for four years. Kai joined SM Entertainment in 2007 after winning the 10th S.M. Youth Best Contest when he was 13 years old.

paragraphs: In 2008, he made a brief appearance on TVXQ's song "HaHaHa Song" together with Suho and Chanyeol.

paragraphs: Kai was the first Exo's member to be formally presented to the public on December 23, 2011. Along with Luhan, Chen and Tao made their first television performance at the SBS Gayo Daejun event on December 29 of the same year. In april. It officially debuted with the extended play, "Mama". Still in April, along with Baekhyun, Chanyeol and Sehun, appeared in the video of Girls' Generation-TTS's debut song "Twinkle". On October 16, it was announced that he would participate in the 6-member dance group Younique Unit, alongside Eunhyuk, Hyoyeon, Taemin, Henry Lau and Luhan performing the song "Maxstep" for the album "PYL Younique Album", being an album collaboration between SM Entertainment and Hyundai. A video teaser of the song was shown on the "PYL Younique Show" the next day. In December 2012, along with Lay, Yunho, Eunhyuk, Donghae, Minho and Taemin, they formed the SM performance group The Performance. The group's first appearance was at the SBS Gayo Daejun event on December 29, with the release of the single "Spectrum" the next day.


title: Suho

paragraphs: Kim Jun-myeon (born May 22, 1991), better known by his stage name Suho, is a South Korean singer. He is a member of the South Korean boy band EXO.

paragraphs: Suho was born on May 22, 1991 in Seoul, South Korea. He joined S.M. Entertainment through S.M. Casting System when he was 15 years old. Although spent seven years there was a year in which he was inactive as an apprentice in the company because he had injured his leg and left him to dance for a year, when the date of its debut was already established created a lot of insecurity and fear in Suho. He attended Seoul Performing Arts High School and Korea National University of Arts.

paragraphs: He was the ninth member to be revealed on February 14, 2012 as the leader of EXO subunit; EXO- K, appearing in the teaser number 16 with his bandmate D.O.

paragraphs: He began his acting career in 2007 by participating in the film of Super Junior "Attack on the Pin-Up Boys" as an extra. He appeared in the music video of TVXQ "HAHAHA Song" in 2008. In 2013, he appeared in the drama "Prime Minister and I" as Han Tae-woong in episodes 10 and 12. In the same year, he participated as a voice actor in "Saving Santa" with Eunji of Apink, while played Bernard, the humble elf who becomes the hero of the film when you are traveling in time to save the Holy kidnapped. February 2014 to December of the same year, he assumed the role of host of the musical program "Inkigayo" along with his bandmate Baekhyun.

paragraphs: In January 2015, Suho assumed the role of Hans in the musical "School Oz" produced by S.M. Entertainment, along with his bandmate Xiumin, several artists S.M. as Key, Luna and Seulgi, also performed another artist from another company like Changmin.

paragraphs: In April 2015, he had confirmed that Suho to star in the film "Glory Days" as Ji-soo and Shinwa's member Dongwan.

paragraphs: From April 10 to May 1, 2015, Suho appeared on the television show "Fluttering India" of KBS along with other artists such as Kyuhyun, Minho, Sungkyu and Lee Jong-hyun.

paragraphs: In February 2016, Suho made a special appearance in the music video of Jo Kwon of their debut single as a solo singer, "Crossroad". In April of the same year, it was announced that Suho participate in the web drama "How Are You Bread". The series will be broadcast in Korea and China during the middle of 2016.