title: All the Greatest Hits

paragraphs: All the Greatest Hits is an album from the band McFly. They released it on November 5, 2007 and it features all of McFly's UK singles. The album also includes 3 new songs: "The Heart Never Lies", "The Way You Make Me Feel" and "Don't Wake Me Up".


title: The Judas Kiss

paragraphs: "The Judas Kiss" is the fourth single off the album by rock band Metallica off their ninth studio album "Death Magnetic".


title: Death Magnetic

paragraphs: Death Magnetic is the ninth studio album by heavy metal band Metallica. The album was released September 12, 2008 with the hits "The Day That Never Comes", "Cyanide", "My Apocalypse", "The Unforgiven III", and "The Judas Kiss".

paragraphs: "Death Magnetic" was nominated for four Grammy awards. Rick Rubin won "Producer of the Year, Non-Classical" for his work on "Death Magnetic", as well as other albums this past year.

paragraphs: The album won two Grammys for "Best Metal Performance" and "Best Recording Package" at the 51st Grammy Awards on February 8, 2009.


title: Tagged Command Queuing

paragraphs: Tagged Command Queueing (TCQ) is a technology that allows to send multiple read and write requests to a hard drive simultaneously. ATA TCQ is not identical in function to the more efficient Native Command Queuing (NCQ) used by SATA drives. SCSI TCQ does not suffer from the same limitations as ATA TCQ.

paragraphs: Before TCQ, an operating system was only able to send one request at a time. In order to boost performance, it had to decide the order of the requests based on its own, possibly incorrect, idea of what the hard drive was doing. With TCQ, the drive can make its own decisions about how to order the requests (and in turn relieve the operating system from having to do so). The result is that TCQ can improve the overall performance of a hard drive if it is implemented correctly.

paragraphs: For efficiency the sectors should be serviced in order of proximity to the current head position, rather than in the order received. The queue is constantly receiving new requests and fulfilling and removing existing requests, and re-ordering the queue according to the current pending read/write requests and the changing position of the head. The exact reordering algorithm may depend upon the controller and the drive itself, but the host computer simply makes requests as needed, leaving the controller to handle the details.

paragraphs: This queuing mechanism is sometimes referred to as "elevator seeking", as the image of a modern elevator in a building servicing multiple calls and processing them to minimise travel illustrates the idea well.

paragraphs: If the buttons for floors 5, 2, and 4 are pressed in that order with the elevator starting on floor 1, an old elevator would go to the floors in the order requested. A modern elevator processes the requests to stop at floors in the logical order 2, 4, and 5, without unnecessary travel. Non-queueing disk drives service the requests in the order received, like an old elevator; queueing drives service requests in the most efficient order. This may improve performance slightly in a system used by a single user, but really comes into its own in a system with many users, making requests all over the disk surface.


title: Native Command Queuing

paragraphs: Native Command Queuing (NCQ) is a technology designed to increase performance of SATA hard disks on computers. It can do this under certain situations by allowing the individual hard disk to internally optimize the order in which it executes the read and write requests it received. This can reduce the amount of unnecessary drive head movement and resulting in better performance (and slightly decreased wear of the drive) for workloads where multiple read/write requests are outstanding at the same time. This situation most often occurs in server-type applications. However, the current (as of 2004) technology actually slows down HD access in certain applications, like games and sequential reads and writes, because of the added latency induced by NCQ logic.

paragraphs: Native Command Queuing was preceded by Parallel ATA's version of Tagged Command Queuing (TCQ). ATA's attempt at integrating TCQ was constrained by the requirement that ATA host bus adapters use ISA bus device protocols to interact with the operating system. The resulting high CPU overhead and negligible performance gain contributed to a lack of market acceptance for TCQ.

paragraphs: NCQ differs from PATA TCQ in that the command re-ordering is performed by the drive rather than the operating system, and each command is equal in importance. This is preferable since the drive has the most knowledge of its performance characteristics, and is able to take rotational position into account. NCQ and PATA TCQ have a maximum queue length of 32 in-flight commands (31 in practice), while SCSI TCQ has a maximum queue length of 2 in-flight commands.

paragraphs: For NCQ to be enabled, it must be supported and enabled in the SATA host bus adapter and in the hard drive itself. The appropriate device driver must be loaded into the operating system to enable NCQ on the host bus adapter. Many newer chipsets support the Advanced Host Controller Interface (AHCI), which should allow a generic driver supplied by the operating system to control them and enable NCQ. In fact, newer mainstream Linux kernels support AHCI natively. Unfortunately, Windows XP requires the installation of a vendor-specific driver even if AHCI is present on the host bus adapter. Windows Vista corrects this situation by including a generic AHCI driver.


title: Serial Storage Architecture

paragraphs: Serial Storage Architecture is a technology used to attach hard disks to Servers. It was developed by IBM in the 1990s. IBM produced a number of drives with this standard, but today, it has been largely replaced by the Fibre Channel architecture.


title: Fibre Channel

paragraphs: Fibre Channel, or FC is an architecture (and a set of protocols to attach disk drives to computers, like in a Storage Area Network. Networks today are done with 4 GBit/s and 8 GBit/s over fiberglass cables. This is enough to support data transfer rates of up to 800 MBit/s. Fibrechannel permits connecting the same disk subsystem to several computers.

paragraphs: Basically, there are two "topologies" (ways to do this):


title: Parigné-sur-Braye

paragraphs: Parigné-sur-Braye is a commune of 624 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Parné-sur-Roc

paragraphs: Parné-sur-Roc is a commune of 1 157 people (2007). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.

paragraphs: In its territory flows the Jouanne river.


title: Le Pas

paragraphs: Le Pas is a commune of 515 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: La Pellerine, Mayenne

paragraphs: La Pellerine is a commune of 291 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Peuton

paragraphs: Peuton is a commune of 211 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Placé

paragraphs: Placé is a commune of 326 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Pommerieux

paragraphs: Pommerieux is a commune of 589 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Pontmain

paragraphs: Pontmain is a commune of 893 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Port-Brillet

paragraphs: Port-Brillet is a commune of 1 814 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Préaux, Mayenne

paragraphs: Préaux is a commune of 156 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Pré-en-Pail

paragraphs: Pré-en-Pail is a former commune of 2 128 people (2004). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Pré-en-Pail-Saint-Samson.


title: Quelaines-Saint-Gault

paragraphs: Quelaines-Saint-Gault is a commune of 1,739 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Ravigny

paragraphs: Ravigny is a commune of 198 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Renazé

paragraphs: Renazé is a commune of 2 791 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Rennes-en-Grenouilles

paragraphs: Rennes-en-Grenouilles is a commune of 105 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Le Ribay

paragraphs: Le Ribay is a commune of 473 people (2005). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: La Roë

paragraphs: La Roë is a commune of 241 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: La Rouaudière

paragraphs: La Rouaudière is a commune. It is in the Pays de la Loire region in the Mayenne department in northwest France. 333 people lived there in 1999.


title: Ruillé-Froid-Fonds

paragraphs: Ruillé-Froid-Fonds is a commune of 496 people (2005). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Ruillé-le-Gravelais

paragraphs: Ruillé-le-Gravelais is a former commune of 619 people (1999). It is in the Pays de la Loire region in the Mayenne department in northwest France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Loiron-Ruillé.


title: Sacé

paragraphs: Sacé is a commune of 320 people (1999). It is in Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in northwest France.


title: Saint-Aignan-de-Couptrain

paragraphs: Saint-Aignan-de-Couptrain is a commune of 360 people as of 1999. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Saint-Aignan-sur-Roë

paragraphs: Saint-Aignan-sur-Roë is a commune of 926 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Saint-Aubin-du-Désert

paragraphs: Saint-Aubin-du-Désert is a commune of 236 people (number of people measured in 1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Saint-Aubin-Fosse-Louvain

paragraphs: Saint-Aubin-Fosse-Louvain is a commune of 252 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Saint-Baudelle

paragraphs: Saint-Baudelle is a commune of 1 005 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Saint-Berthevin

paragraphs: Saint-Berthevin is a commune of 6 909 people (2007). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Saint-Berthevin-la-Tannière

paragraphs: Saint-Berthevin-la-Tannière is a commune of 384 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Saint-Brice, Mayenne

paragraphs: Saint-Brice is a commune of 487 people (2004). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Saint-Calais-du-Désert

paragraphs: Saint-Calais-du-Désert is a commune of 318 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Saint-Céneré

paragraphs: Saint-Céneré is a former commune of 459 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Montsûrs-Saint-Céneré. On 1 January 2019, the commune was unified with Deux-Évailles, Montourtier and Saint-Ouën-des-Vallons, and the new municipality took the name of Montsûrs.


title: Saint-Charles-la-Forêt

paragraphs: Saint-Charles-la-Forêt is a commune of 190 people (1999). It is in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in northwest France.


title: Saint-Christophe-du-Luat

paragraphs: Saint-Christophe-du-Luat is a former commune of 553 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the commune of Évron.


title: Saint-Cyr-en-Pail

paragraphs: Saint-Cyr-en-Pail is a commune of 441 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Saint-Cyr-le-Gravelais

paragraphs: Saint-Cyr-le-Gravelais is a commune of 474 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Saint-Denis-d'Anjou

paragraphs: Saint-Denis-d'Anjou is a commune of 1 337 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Saint-Denis-de-Gastines

paragraphs: Saint-Denis-de-Gastines is a commune of 1 683 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Saint-Denis-du-Maine

paragraphs: Saint-Denis-du-Maine is a commune of 307 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Sainte-Gemmes-le-Robert

paragraphs: Sainte-Gemmes-le-Robert is a commune of 930 people (2004). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Saint-Ellier-du-Maine

paragraphs: Saint-Ellier-du-Maine is a commune of 465 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Sainte-Marie-du-Bois, Mayenne

paragraphs: Sainte-Marie-du-Bois is a commune. It is in Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in northwest France. 210 people lived there in 1999.


title: Saint-Erblon, Mayenne

paragraphs: Saint-Erblon is a commune of 166 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Sainte-Suzanne, Mayenne

paragraphs: Sainte-Suzanne is a former commune of 1 020 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Sainte-Suzanne-et-Chammes.


title: Saint-Fort

paragraphs: Saint-Fort is a former commune of 1 571 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune of Château-Gontier-sur-Mayenne.


title: Saint-Fraimbault-de-Prières

paragraphs: Saint-Fraimbault-de-Prières is a commune of 904 people (1999). It is found in the Pays de la Loire region in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Saint-Georges-Buttavent

paragraphs: Saint-Georges-Buttavent is a commune of 1 391 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Saint-Georges-le-Fléchard

paragraphs: Saint-Georges-le-Fléchard is a commune of 288 people (2005). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Saint-Georges-sur-Erve

paragraphs: Saint-Georges-sur-Erve is a commune in Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in northwest France.


title: Saint-Germain-d'Anxure

paragraphs: Saint-Germain-d'Anxure is a commune of 274 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Saint-Germain-de-Coulamer

paragraphs: Saint-Germain-de-Coulamer is a commune of 393 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Saint-Germain-le-Fouilloux

paragraphs: Saint-Germain-le-Fouilloux is a commune of 670 people (1999). It is in the Pays de la Loire region in the Mayenne department in northwest France.


title: Saint-Germain-le-Guillaume

paragraphs: Saint-Germain-le-Guillaume is a commune of 410 people (2007). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Saint-Hilaire-du-Maine

paragraphs: Saint-Hilaire-du-Maine is a commune of 664 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Saint-Jean-sur-Erve

paragraphs: Saint-Jean-sur-Erve is a former commune of 489 people (2007). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Blandouet-Saint Jean.


title: Saint-Jean-sur-Mayenne

paragraphs: Saint-Jean-sur-Mayenne is a commune of 1 196 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Saint-Julien-du-Terroux

paragraphs: Saint-Julien-du-Terroux is a commune of 232 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Saint-Laurent-des-Mortiers

paragraphs: Saint-Laurent-des-Mortiers is a former commune of 188 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune of Bierné-les-Villages.


title: Saint-Léger, Mayenne

paragraphs: Saint-Léger is a commune of 231 people (2004). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Saint-Loup-du-Dorat

paragraphs: Saint-Loup-du-Dorat is a commune of 335 people (2004). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Saint-Loup-du-Gast

paragraphs: Saint-Loup-du-Gast is a commune of 305 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Saint-Mars-du-Désert, Mayenne

paragraphs: Saint-Mars-du-Désert is a commune of 169 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Saint-Mars-sur-Colmont

paragraphs: Saint-Mars-sur-Colmont is a commune of 435 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Saint-Mars-sur-la-Futaie

paragraphs: Saint-Mars-sur-la-Futaie is a commune of 623 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Saint-Martin-de-Connée

paragraphs: Saint-Martin-de-Connée is a commune of 420 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Saint-Martin-du-Limet

paragraphs: Saint-Martin-du-Limet is a commune of 493 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Saint-Michel-de-Feins

paragraphs: Saint-Michel-de-Feins is a former commune of 136 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune of Bierné-les-Villages.


title: Saint-Michel-de-la-Roë

paragraphs: Saint-Michel-de-la-Roë is a commune of 210 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Saint-Ouën-des-Toits

paragraphs: Saint-Ouën-des-Toits is a commune of 1 435 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Saint-Ouën-des-Vallons

paragraphs: Saint-Ouën-des-Vallons is a former commune of 174 people (1999). It is found in the Pays de la Loire region in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2019, the commune was unified with Montsûrs-Saint-Céneré, Deux-Évailles and Montourtier, and the new municipality took the name of Montsûrs.


title: Saint-Pierre-des-Landes

paragraphs: Saint-Pierre-des-Landes is a commune of 946 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Saint-Pierre-des-Nids

paragraphs: Saint-Pierre-des-Nids is a commune of 1 712 people (1999). It is to be found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Saint-Pierre-la-Cour

paragraphs: Saint-Pierre-la-Cour is a commune of 1,838 people (2007). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Saint-Pierre-sur-Erve

paragraphs: Saint-Pierre-sur-Erve is a commune of 138 people (2005). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Saint-Pierre-sur-Orthe

paragraphs: Saint-Pierre-sur-Orthe is a commune of 531 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Saint-Poix

paragraphs: Saint-Poix is a commune of 393 people (2007). It is found in the Pays de la Loire region in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Saint-Quentin-les-Anges

paragraphs: Saint-Quentin-les-Anges is a commune of 376 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Saint-Samson, Mayenne

paragraphs: Saint-Samson is a former commune of 334 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Pré-en-Pail-Saint-Samson.


title: Saint-Saturnin-du-Limet

paragraphs: Saint-Saturnin-du-Limet is a commune of 546 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Saint-Sulpice, Mayenne

paragraphs: Saint-Sulpice is a former commune of 188 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune of La Roche-Neuville.


title: Saint-Thomas-de-Courceriers

paragraphs: Saint-Thomas-de-Courceriers is a commune of 246 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Saulges

paragraphs: Saulges is a commune of 328 people (2005). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. In Saulges, there is also a prehistoric canyon which is 1.8 million years old and 20 different prehistoric caves.


title: La Selle-Craonnaise

paragraphs: La Selle-Craonnaise is a commune of 882 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Senonnes

paragraphs: Senonnes is a commune of 325 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Simplé

paragraphs: Simplé is a commune of 256 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Soucé

paragraphs: Soucé is a commune of 180 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Soulgé-sur-Ouette

paragraphs: Soulgé-sur-Ouette is a commune of 1 073 people (2007). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Thorigné-en-Charnie

paragraphs: Thorigné-en-Charnie is a commune of 162 people (2004). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Thubœuf

paragraphs: Thubœuf is a commune of 231 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Torcé-Viviers-en-Charnie

paragraphs: Torcé-Viviers-en-Charnie is a commune of 737 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Trans, Mayenne

paragraphs: Trans is a commune of 238 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Vaiges

paragraphs: Vaiges is a commune of 1 151 people (2005). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Vautorte

paragraphs: Vautorte is a commune of 573 people (1999). It is in the Pays de la Loire region in the Mayenne department in northwest France.


title: Vieuvy

paragraphs: Vieuvy is a commune of 115 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Villaines-la-Juhel

paragraphs: Villaines-la-Juhel is a commune of 3,179 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Villepail

paragraphs: Villepail is a commune. It is in Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in northwest France.


title: Villiers-Charlemagne

paragraphs: Villiers-Charlemagne is a commune of 959 people (2004). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Vimarcé

paragraphs: Vimarcé is a commune of 236 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Voutré

paragraphs: Voutré is a commune of 821 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.


title: Walt Walsh

paragraphs: Walter William Walsh (April 30, 1897 to January 15, 1966) was a Major League Baseball player. Walsh only played two games, never getting an at-bat for the Philadelphia Phillies in 1920. He was used as a pinch runner in the two games he played. Walsh was born in Newark, New Jersey and died in Avon-by-the-Sea, New Jersey


title: Middle Franconia

paragraphs: Middle Franconia is a government region of the Free State Bavaria. The seat of government is Ansbach. In the area of this region are the cities Nuremberg, Fürth, Erlangen.


title: Orne

paragraphs: The Orne (61) is a department in France. It is in the Normandy region. Its prefecture is Alençon and its sub-prefectures are Argentan and Mortagne-au-Perche. The department's name comes from the river Orne which flows through it.

paragraphs: The Orne was one of the original 83 departments created in 1790.

paragraphs: The department borders several other departments:

paragraphs: There is also a 105,000 ha forest called forêt des Andaines (Andaines Forest).

paragraphs: It is also known to be famous for its trotting horses.


title: Carly Colón

paragraphs: Carlos Edwin "Carly" Colón, Jr. (born on February 21 1979) is a Puerto Rican professional wrestler better known internationally by his ring name Carlito. He was best known for his time that he spent with World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) where he won the Intercontinental Championship, the United States Championship and the World Tag Team Championship and WWE Tag Team Championship with his brother Primo. Colon was released by the WWE on 21 May 2010. Since then, he is wrestling on the independent circuit.

paragraphs: He is also a Canadian citizen since the new citizenship laws went into effect in Canada on April 18, 2009, which automatically gave him citizenship as well as citizenship (retroactive to date of birth) to all individuals born outside of Canada in the first generation born abroad to a Canadian parent (he was born in the first generation abroad – Puerto Rico – to a Canadian mother).


title: NBA All-Star Game

paragraphs: The NBA All-Star Game is an NBA game in which the best players in the Eastern Conference play with the best players in the Western Conference. The first game started on March 2, 1951 at the Boston Garden. The game is played differently than a normal basketball game but stick to normal NBA rules.


title: National Hockey League All-Star Game

paragraphs: The National Hockey League All-Star Game is an exhibition ice hockey game that traditionally marks the midway point of the National Hockey League's regular season.


title: Biblical manuscript

paragraphs: A Biblical manuscript is any handwritten copy of a portion of the text of the Bible. They vary in size from tiny scrolls containing individual verses of the Jewish scriptures to huge polyglot codices containing both the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) and the New Testament, as well as other works.

paragraphs: The Aleppo Codex ("c." 920 AD) and Leningrad Codex ("c." 1008 AD) were the oldest Hebrew language manuscripts of the Tanakh. The 1947 find at Qumran of the Dead Sea scrolls pushed the manuscript history of the Tanakh back a millennium from the two earliest complete codices. Before this discovery, the earliest extant manuscripts of the Old Testament were in Greek in manuscripts such as Codex Vaticanus and Codex Sinaiticus. Out of the roughly 800 manuscripts found at Qumran, 220 are from the Tanakh. Every book of the Tanakh is represented except for the Book of Esther; however, most are fragmentary. Notably, there are two scrolls of the Book of Isaiah, one complete (1QIs), and one around 75% complete (1QIs). These manuscripts generally date between 150 BC to 70 AD.

paragraphs: Ancient Jewish scribes developed many practices to protect copies of their scriptures from error.

paragraphs: Parts of the New Testament have been preserved in more manuscripts than any other ancient work. There are over 5,800 complete or fragmented Greek manuscripts, 10,000 Latin manuscripts and 9,300 manuscripts in various other ancient languages, such as Syriac, Slavic, Gothic, Ethiopic, Coptic and Armenian.

paragraphs: The dates of these manuscripts range from about 125 AD (the Ryland manuscript, P; containing fragments of the oldest copy of John) to the introduction of printing in Germany in the 15th century. Most of these manuscripts date after the 10th century. Although there are more manuscripts that preserve the New Testament than there are for any other ancient writing, the text preserved in these later, numerous manuscripts may not be the same as the text as it existed in antiquity.

paragraphs: In reference to the textual evidence for the New Testament, Bruce M. Metzger wrote,

paragraphs: Every year, several New Testament manuscripts handwritten in the original Greek format are discovered.


title: Districts of England

paragraphs: The districts of England are a level of subdivisions of England used for the purposes of local government. The first local government districts were created in 1894 by the Local Government Act 1894 which created urban districts and rural districts as sub-divisions of counties (which had been created in 1889). Another reform in 1899 created 28 metropolitan boroughs as sub-divisions of the County of London.

paragraphs: There are 36 metropolitan districts, 32 London boroughs, 238 non-metropolitan districts, 46 unitary authorities, the Isles of Scilly, and the City of London, making a total of 354 district-level authorities.


title: Jug band

paragraphs: A jug band is a band that has a jug player and a variety of home-made instruments. These home-made instruments could be ordinary objects adapted to or created to make sound, like the washtub bass, washboard, spoons, stovepipe, and comb and tissue paper (kazoo). The Memphis Jug Band was a famous band from the 1920s to the 1950s.


title: Steve Carell

paragraphs: Steven John "Steve" Carell (born August 16, 1962) is an American actor, comedian, producer, writer and director. His father is of Italian and German descent, and his mother was of Polish ancestry. Carell is best known for his comedic work as Michael Scott in "The Office" and "The Daily Show".

paragraphs: He played Andy Stitzer in "The 40-Year-Old Virgin", Gru in "Despicable Me" and "Despicable Me 2" and John Eleuthère du Pont in "Foxcatcher". He has appeared on "Saturday Night Live".

paragraphs: He starred as Donald Rumsfeld in the 2018 comedy "Vice". In 2020, he starred as General Mark R. Naird in the Netflix sitcom "Space Force".


title: Qutb-ud-din Aibak

paragraphs: Quṭb al-Dīn Aibak also spelled Quṭb ud-Dīn Aibak or Qutub ud-Din Aybak, (1150–1210), was the founder of the Mamluk Dynasty in Delhi and the first sultan of the Delhi Sultanate. He was born at Turk in the Aybak tribe and was the sultan for only four years, 1206-1210.

paragraphs: Qutb-ud-din Aibak was born to a Turkish family in Central Asia. He was sold as a slave in his childhood. But this went well because he was brought up by the chief Qazi of Nishapur, a town in northeastern Iran. He was treated like one of the sons of this Qazi and was given a good education, including training in archery and horsemanship. However when the master died, his jealous sons sold Qutb-ud-din Aibak to a slave master.

paragraphs: Qutb-ud-din Aibak was finally purchased by the ruler of Ghor in central Afghanistan, Sultan Muhammad Ghori. Qutb-ud-din Aibak gradually rose to the rank of a Commander and became a trusted slave of Sultan Ghori. The conquests of northern India were executed mainly by Qutb-ud-din Aibak, which helped Ghori to consolidate his position there. Gradually, as Sultan Ghori concentrated on Central Asia after 1192, he was given the independent charge of the conquests in India. In India, Qutb-ud-din Aibak is infamous for massive destruction and plunder of several Hindu temples, whose wealth he looted away. His lieutenant, Bhakthiar Khilji, following in his master's footsteps ravaged the famous university of Nalanda, killing all the monks and scholars there, as well as burning the huge library down. It is said that the fires raged for 3 months, such was the voluminous material being burnt.

paragraphs: Muhammad Ghori established himself as strong ruler with his empire extending over Afghanistan, Pakistan, and northern India. Qutb-ud-din Aibak crowned himself the Sultan of Delhi in 1206, when Muhammad Ghori was killed on the battlefield. After his death, when Aibak came to the throne, he ruled over those places where he was appointed as the local receiver-general of Sultan Ghori. Despite the rebellions by nobles like Taj-ud-din Ildiz and Nasir-ud-din Qubachah, he strengthened the administrative system, which had been established by ghori

paragraphs: Though Qutb-ud-din Aibak started the construction of the Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque which was among the earliest Muslim monuments in Delhi, he could not complete them. These architectures were later completed by his successor Shamsuddin iltumishs. He started building the "Adhai Din Ka Jhopra" (meaning "Shed of 2 and half days"), a mosque in the Ajmer city of Rajasthan, India. It was commissioned by Qutb-ud-Din-Aibak, on orders of Muhammad Ghori, in 1192 CE. It was completed in 1199 CE, and further beautified by Iltutmish of Delhi in 1213 CE.

paragraphs: In 1210, Qutb-ud-din Aibak died in an unexpected manner, while playing polo.

paragraphs: He was buried in Lahore near the Anarkali Bazaar. He was succeeded by Shamsuddin Iltutmish, another slave who rose to the level of a Sultan, thus extending the Slave/Mamluk Dynasty. He wasn't interested in expanding his territory instead wanted to settle problems in his present empire.


title: Muhammad of Ghor

paragraphs: Mu'izz ad-Din Muhammad Ghori () (1149 – March 15, 1206) was sultan of the Ghurid Empire. He ruled from 1173 to 1202 along with his brother Ghiyath ad-Din Muhammad. He also ruled from 1202 to 1206. He was known as Muhammad of Ghor. His birth name was Shihab ad-Din.

paragraphs: Mu'izz ad-Din was one of greatest ruler of the Ghurid dynasty. He is also known as founder of Muslim rule in Indian subcontinent. He ruled over a large part of subcontinent, which is now part of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Iran, north India, Pakistan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan.

paragraphs: In 1173 Mu'izz ad-Din took the city of Ghazni from Mahmud of Ghazni which he did to avenge the death of his ancestor Muhammad ibn Suri. He used this city as a base for expansion into northern India. In the meantime, he helped his brother Ghiyath to win over Khwarazmian Empire for the lordship of Khorasan in Western Asia. In 1175, Mu'izz captured Multan from the Hamid Ludi dynasty, which were Muslim Pashtun, and also took Uch in 1175. He also occupied the Ghaznavid principality of Lahore in 1186, which was the last place of safety of his Persianised enemies. After the death of Ghiyath in 1202, he became the successor of the Ghurid Empire and ruled until his assassination in 1206.

paragraphs: After struggle among the remaining Ghuri leaders, Khwarizmi took over the Ghurid Sultanate in about 1215. Though the Ghurid's empire was short, and after them Timurids took over the Ghurid empire. Mu'izz's laid the foundations of Muslim rule in India. Qutbu l-Din Aibak, a former slave (Mamluk) of Mu'izz, was the first Sultan of Delhi.

paragraphs: Mu'izz ad-Din Muhammad was born in 1149 in the Ghor region, which is now Afghanistan. The exact date of his birth is unknown. His father, Baha al-Din Sam I, was the local ruler of the Ghor region at that time. Mu'izz also had an elder brother named Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad. During their early life, Mu'izz and Ghiyath were imprisoned by their uncle Ala al-Din Husayn, but were later released by their uncle's son Sayf al-Din Muhammad. When Sayf died in 1163, the Ghurid nobles supported Ghiyath as their leader, and helped him to took over the throne. Ghiyath shortly gave Mu'izz control over Istiyan and Kajuran. However, the throne was challenged by many Ghurid chiefs during which Mu'izz helped his brother Ghiyath in defeating and killing a rival Ghurid chief named Abu'l Abbas.


title: Vince Vaughn

paragraphs: Vincent Anthony "Vince" Vaughn (born March 28, 1970) is an American movie actor.


title: Owen Wilson

paragraphs: Owen Cunningham Wilson (born November 18, 1968) is an Academy Award-nominated American actor, comedian, producer and screenwriter.

paragraphs: Wilson was born in Dallas, to photographer Laura (Cunningham) Wilson and Robert Andrew Wilson. He has an older brother, Andrew, and a younger brother, Luke. Both brothers are also involved in movie making.

paragraphs: Wilson went to the University of Texas at Austin. He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in English.

paragraphs: The Sheryl Crow album "C'mon C'mon" has the song "Safe and Sound". The liner notes say it is about Wilson and Crow's relationship.

paragraphs: On August 26, 2007, Wilson was taken to St. John's Health Center. It was reported as a suicide attempt. He was later moved to Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles. His lawyer later said that Wilson had depression. A few days later, Wilson withdrew from starring in "Tropic Thunder".

paragraphs: He dated Kate Hudson in 2006. The pair broke up. It was widely reported that he tried to commit suicide in 2007 after the relationship with Hudson ended. In 2008, it was reported the pair were to marry. However the two would again break up and make up a number of times over 2008 and 2009.

paragraphs: On January 10, 2011, Wilson's representative said that Wilson and his girlfriend, Jade Duell, were expecting a baby. Just four days later, on January 14, it was Duell gave birth in Hawaii to a baby boy, Robert Ford Wilson.

paragraphs: Wilson is a fan of several Dallas-area professional sports teams. He has been spotted at Dallas Cowboys, Dallas Mavericks and Texas Rangers games. He is also a supporter of the English football team Chelsea F.C..

paragraphs: Wilson's bumped nose is because he broke it twice. Once was during a high school fight, and once playing football with friends.


title: Luke Wilson

paragraphs: Luke Cunningham Wilson (born September 21, 1971) is an American movie actor.


title: Seth Rogen

paragraphs: Seth Aaron Rogen (born April 15, 1982) is a Canadian-American actor, comedian, writer, producer and director.

paragraphs: Rogen was born in Vancouver, British Columbia. His parents are Sandy Belogus and Mark Rogen.


title: John C. Reilly

paragraphs: John Christopher Reilly (born May 24, 1965) is an Academy Award- and two-time Golden Globe-nominated American actor, comedian, singer and writer.


title: Rainn Wilson

paragraphs: Rainn Dietrich Wilson (born January 20, 1966) is an Emmy-nominated and Screen Actors Guild Award-winning American actor. He is known for his roles as the egomaniacal Dwight Schrute on the American television sitcom "The Office".

paragraphs: Wilson follows the Bahá'í Faith, and has spoken publicly about other Bahá'ís who have been punished in Iran for being Bahá'ís.


title: The Office (American TV series)

paragraphs: The Office is an Emmy and Peabody Award-winning American television sitcom airing on National Broadcasting Company (NBC) and developed by Greg Daniels. It is an American adaptation of the BBC series with the same name. It is set in Scranton, Pennsylvania.


title: Kevin James

paragraphs: Kevin George Knipfing (born April 26, 1965), known professionally as Kevin James, is an American comedian and Emmy Award-nominated actor. He is known for his portrayal of lead character Doug Heffernan on the television sitcom "The King Of Queens", and Eric Lamonsoff in "Grown Ups" and "Grown Ups 2".


title: Mark Hamill

paragraphs: Mark Richard Hamill (born September 25, 1951) is an American actor, voice actor, writer, producer, and director. Hamill is best known for his portrayal of Luke Skywalker in the original "Star Wars" trilogy (1977–1983), the "Star Wars" sequel trilogy (2015-2019), and for voicing The Joker in almost all animated Batman television series or animated movies.

paragraphs: Hamill has gained a reputation as a voice actor. He first did voice acting work in the early 1970s voicing the character Corey Anders on the Saturday morning cartoon "Jeannie" by Hanna-Barbera Productions. He later played Sean in the Ralph Bakshi film "Wizards", which was released just three months before "Star Wars" in 1977. In addition Hamill has also provided the voice for Fire Lord Ozai in , and Chanukah Zombie on Futurama. He will voice Chucky in the 2019 reboot of the franchise.

paragraphs: Hamill is the co-writer of "The Black Pearl", a comic book miniseries published by Dark Horse Comics. He wrote an introduction to the Trade Paperback "Batman: Riddler Two-Face" which reprints various stories involving The Riddler and Two-Face to tie in with "Batman Forever". He has also written several stories for "Simpsons Comics", including "Catastrophe in Substitute Springfields!", which parodies DC's "Crisis on Infinite Earths" and also references several other classic comics.

paragraphs: Hamill directed and starred in the 2004 direct-to-DVD "". A comic book fan who attended science fiction and comic conventions before he became famous, Hamill stated that his character was based on an exaggerated version of himself. He and his crew shot most of the mockumentary film during the 2002 San Diego Comic-Con, and enlisted Stan Lee, Kevin Smith, Bruce Campbell and Hugh Hefner in small roles. The movie won an award for Best Live-Action DVD Premiere Movie at the 2005 DVD Exclusive Awards.

paragraphs: Hamill married dentist Marilou York in a private civil ceremony on December 17, 1978. They have three children together: Nathan (born September 25, 1979), Griffin (born March 4, 1983), and Chelsea Elizabeth (born July 27, 1988) On January 11, 1977, Hamill was in a car accident in which he fractured his nose and left cheekbone, requiring seven hours of surgery. According to Hamill in a recorded interview, he was driving his BMW on a freeway and became distracted, and seeing that he was missing his offramp, tried to negotiate four lanes of traffic (some real scars from the crash made an appearance in "The Empire Strikes Back").


title: Whitey Wistert

paragraphs: Francis Michael "Whitey" Wistert (born February 20, 1912 in Chicago, Illinois, died April 23, 1985 in Painesville, Ohio) was an American football and baseball player. He played college football for the University of Michigan Wolverines. He was added into the College Football Hall of Fame after he was elected to it in 1967. He and his two brothers are three of the seven players who have had their uniform numbers retired by Michigan Wolverines football. While at college, Wistert helped Michigan win the Big Ten Conference football championship in 1931, 1932, and 1933. He was also Big Ten Most Valuable Player in college baseball. He later played for the Cincinnati Reds of Major League Baseball.

paragraphs: Wistert graduated from Chicago's Schurz High School in 1929. He attended the University of Michigan where he was an athlete in both football and baseball in 1931, 1932, and 1933.

paragraphs: Wistert played for the Michigan Wolverines before his two brothers, Al Wistert and Alvin Wistert, did. All three Wistert brothers wore the number 11 for the Wolverines football team, and all three were members of the College Football All-America team, which is the best players through all of the United States. When interviewed by the "Detroit News" in 2004, brother Alvin Wistert said, "And if I'm not mistaken I think this is unprecedented in the of college football: that three brothers all would go to the same school, all played football. All played tackle, all wore the same number 11, all made All-American. Two of us played on four national championship teams. They all made it into the College Football Hall of Fame."

paragraphs: The Wistert brothers grew up on the northwest side of Chicago and were the sons of a Lithuanian family. Their father was a Spanish-American War veteran, who later died while working for the Chicago Police Department. Brother Alvin Wistert said that their father, "was born Casmir Vistertus and he Anglicized it when he came to America to Wistert."

paragraphs: The story of the Wistert brothers at Michigan began when Whitey's Carl Schurz High School school-mate John Kowalik was invited to visit the University of Michigan. At the time, Whitey Wistert "was working in a factory building "Majestic radios"." Kowalik took Whitey with him on his visit Ann Arbor, Michigan, and Alvin Wistert later said, "that's how it started: the Wisterts of Michigan."

paragraphs: As a football player, Wistert played for National Championship teams that never lost a game in 1932 and 1933 and was a chosen All-American in 1933. The 1934 University of Michigan yearbook, the "Michiganensian", had this to say by Grantland Rice: "Wistert was unanimously selected as the best tackle in the Middle-West this year. He was an important part of Michigan's defensive line play. He was a very good tackler and it was nearly impossible to fool him on trick plays. He was keen, quick, and accurate in finding out how a play would happen." Wistert and Chuck Bernard were the leaders of the 1933 offensive line when the team went 7-0-1 with a tie to the University of Minnesota Golden Gophers.

paragraphs: One of Wistert's teammates on the 1932 and 1933 Michigan football teams was Gerald Ford who later became the U.S. President. In an interview in the February 1974 copy of "Michigan Alumnus", Wistert said about Ford: "He was a real good competitor—a real bulldog type. Even during a losing year, he was voted team Most Valuable Player by his teammates, because they believed he was someone who could stay and fight even when they lose." In 1936, he was a member Michigan football coaching staff of Coach Harry Kipke.

paragraphs: Wistert earned varsity letters in baseball three years. He was chosen as the Most Valuable Player in the Big Ten Conference in 1934. The 1934 "Michiganensian" yearbook wrote that the final game of the baseball season was a 4–0 shutout by Wistert against the University of Chicago Maroon. It wrote, "Wistert, for the Wolves, allowed only five well- hits during the game. Although Whitey Wistert walked four men, he more than off-set this by striking out nine of the Maroons to face him." Wistert also allowed, as the pitcher, Ohio State four hits in a game.

paragraphs: Wistert, still being a minor league baseball player, played for a short while in Major League Baseball, playing in three games for the Cincinnati Reds between September 11, 1934 and September 25, 1934. In two times he pitched, Wistert let only one run in eight innings, for a career earned run average of 1.13. Though, in the three times he batted, he went did not hit the ball, so he struck out twice. Although he only played for a short while in Major League Baseball, Wistert played five years of professional baseball. Fellow 1933 Michigan Wolverines football All-American, Ted Petoskey also debuted for the Reds in September 1934.

paragraphs: Wistert became part of the College Football Hall of Fame in 1967, one year before his brother Albert did so. In 1981, he was named to the University of Michigan Hall of Honor in the fourth class of Hall of Fame joiners with his brothers. Only five other Michigan football players earned this honor before him.

paragraphs: Wistert became a New York lawyer after he retired from sports. He went on to become a vice president of an industrial relations in Toledo, Ohio. He was United States Navy lieutenant in World War II.


title: Brest, France

paragraphs: Brest is a town in France. It is in the Finistère department and the Brittany region. Its population in 1999 was around 150,000. Even if it is by far the largest town in Finistère it is not the prefecture (Quimper is).


title: St John's Innovation Centre

paragraphs: St John's Innovation Centre (SJIC) is a famous company which helps small companies to grow. It is in Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, England. It was started in 1987 in St John’s College, Cambridge, near the Cambridge Science Park.


title: St John's College, Cambridge

paragraphs: St John's College is a college of the University of Cambridge. It was started by Lady Margaret Beaufort in 1511. It is geographically one of the largest colleges of the University of Cambridge, and the third largest in terms of its membership. It is the second richest of all the Oxbridge colleges. The college is also known for its famous choir.


title: Cambridge Science Park

paragraphs: The Cambridge Science Park was started by Trinity College, Cambridge in 1970. It is the oldest science park in the United Kingdom. It has many science and technology related businesses, and has strong links with the nearby University of Cambridge.


paragraphs: The Lauterpacht Centre for International Law (LCIL) at the Faculty of Law, Cambridge, England, was founded in 1985 by Sir Elihu Lauterpacht under the name The Research Centre for International Law. It was renamed in 1997 “to honour the achievements of his father Sir Hersch Lauterpacht and himself”. The purpose of the centre is to "promote international law by a combination of individual and group research”. The centre is currently directed by Professor James Crawford SC, FBA.


title: Hersch Lauterpacht

paragraphs: Sir Hersch Lauterpacht (16 August 1897 in Zółkiew, Austria-Hungary (nowadays Schowkwa in Ukraine) – 8 May 1960 in London) was an Austrian-born British jurist of Jewish descent. He was a legal scholar, specialized in international law and a philosopher of law, and also a judge and a lawyer.

paragraphs: Lauterpacht was born in Austrian Galicia, which became Polish after World War I. He studied in Lemberg and in Vienna. During this time he was the first president of the World Federation of Jewish Students. He moved to the United Kingdom in 1923, where he studied at the London School of Economics. He became a British citizen in 1931.

paragraphs: He lectured at several British universities like the London School of Economics, the University of London, and the University of Cambridge.

paragraphs: Lauterpacht was a member of the United Nations' International Law Commission from 1952 to 1954, and a Judge of the International Court of Justice from 1955 to 1960. The Lauterpacht Centre for International Law at the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom is named after him. His son Elihu Lauterpacht started the center and was its first director.


title: Painesville, Ohio

paragraphs: Painesville is a city in Lake County, Ohio, United States, along the Grand River.


title: College Football Hall of Fame

paragraphs: The College Football Hall of Fame is a hall of fame and museum devoted to college football. It located in downtown Atlanta, GA in the United States.

paragraphs: The people in the College Football Hall of Fame (also called Inductees) include:


title: Solid mechanics

paragraphs: Solid mechanics is the branch of mechanics, physics, and mathematics that concerns itself with how solid matter under external actions works (such as external forces, temperature changes, applied displacements, etc.). It is part of a larger study known as continuum mechanics. One of the most common practical applications of solid mechanics is the Euler-Bernoulli beam equation.


title: Chicago Police Department

paragraphs: The Chicago Police Department, also known as Chicago P.D. and the CPD, is the main law enforcement agency of the City of Chicago, Illinois, in the United States, under the jurisdiction of the city mayor. It is the largest police department in the Midwest and the second largest in the United States after the New York City Police Department with over 13,600 sworn officers and over 2,600 other employees. Dating back to 1837, the Chicago Police Department is one of the oldest modern police forces in the world.


title: Lady Margaret Beaufort

paragraphs: Lady Margaret Beaufort (May 31, 1443 – June 29, 1509), of the House of Lancaster, was the mother of King Henry VII of England, and grandmother of Henry VIII. She was an important figure in the Wars of the Roses. Lady Margaret Hall, a college of the University of Oxford, is named after her.


title: Chicago Tribune Silver Football

paragraphs: The Chicago Tribune Silver Football is awarded by the "Chicago Tribune" to the college football player chosen to be the Most Valuable Player of the Big Ten Conference.


title: Science park

paragraphs: A science park is a property designed and used for supporting high tech, science, or research related businesses. Science parks are found all over the world, but they mostly exist in developed countries. Over 140 are found in North America alone.


title: Oxbridge

paragraphs: Oxbridge is a word that is used to mean the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge in England. It used to mean a fictional mix of the two universities, but now refers to both in real life.

paragraphs: The word 'Oxbridge' started because the two universities are very similar:

paragraphs: The competition between Oxford and Cambridge also has a long history, dating back to the days when Cambridge was founded by unsatisfied scholars from Oxford.


title: Nîmes

paragraphs: Nîmes is a commune. It is the prefecture of the Gard department in the Languedoc-Roussillon region. Nîmes dates back to Ancient Rome.

paragraphs: Nîmes was an important Roman town. Many sites have been discovered, including:

paragraphs: The town was supplied with water by the Pont du Gard.


title: Lieutenant

paragraphs: A Lieutenant is an officers rank in the military, police and fire departments. It is an entry level supervisory position. The word comes from the French language. Lieu means "place" and tenant means "holding". A lieutenant is someone who takes the place of a superior when that person is not available. It can also mean a deputy position to assist someone else to carry out their job.

paragraphs: In many military organizations, a lieutenant is an entry level commissioned officer's rank. Generally, but not always, it is divided into two levels.

paragraphs: A second lieutanant (2LT) (2ndLt) (2d Lt) (O1) is the lower rank of lieutanant. A second lieutenant is addressed as "lieutenant" the same as a first lieutenant. In the United States Army, for example, a second lieutenant leads a platoon made up of two or more squads or about 16 to 44 soldiers. In this capacity he or she functions as a platoon leader or commander. The length of time an officer can hold the rank of second lieutenant is different in different services. For example, in the British Army it may be held for up to 2 years.

paragraphs: A first lieutenant (1LT) (1stLt) (1st Lt) (O2) is the senior rank of lieutenant. A first lieutenant is also addressed as "lieutenant". In the army, a first lieutenant often functions as the executive officer of a Company (military unit). A company may have from 110 to 140 personnel. In the British Army, an officer may hold this rank for up to three years.

paragraphs: There is great variation in the insignia used worldwide. In most English-speaking and Arabic-speaking countries, as well as a number of European and South American nations, full lieutenants (and equivalents) usually wear two stars (pips) and second lieutenants (and equivalents) one. An example of an exception is the United States, whose armed forces distinguish their lieutenant ranks with one silver bar for first lieutenant and one gold (brass) bar for second lieutenant.

paragraphs: In many Navies including the United States Navy, a lieutenant is the equivalent rank to an army captain and a lieutenant (junior grade) is the same as an army first lieutenant. The equivalent to a second lieutenant is the naval rank of ensign.


title: Trinity College, Cambridge

paragraphs: Trinity College is a college of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England. Trinity has more students than any other college in Cambridge or Oxford. It is also the wealthiest Oxbridge college. It owns the O2 Arena. It is one of the three royal colleges.

paragraphs: Trinity College was formed by King Henry VIII in 1564 when two colleges merged together. These two colleges were Michaelhouse, which had been formed by Hervey de Stanton in 1324, and King's Hall, which had been formed by King Edward II in 1317 and formed again in 1337 by King Edward III.

paragraphs: Two members of the British royal family and six British prime ministers have studied at Trinity College.

paragraphs: Of the 90 people from Cambridge who have won Nobel prizes, 32 were from Trinity College.

paragraphs: Famous people who have studied there include Isaac Newton (who went there in 1661) and Ludwig Wittgenstein.

paragraphs: The first time that the rules of association football were written down was at Trinity in 1848.

paragraphs: Trinity College's Wren Library is the biggest library at Cambridge. It has around 300,000 books and is open to the public.


title: Al Wistert

paragraphs: Albert Alexander "Ox" Wistert (December 28, 1920 – March 5, 2016) was a former All-Pro American football player. He played college football at the University of Michigan with the Wolverines. He was born in Chicago, Illinois.

paragraphs: He played in the National Football League for the Phil-Pitt Steagles in 1943 and the Philadelphia Eagles from 1944 to 1951. He is named on the Philadelphia Eagles Honor Roll.

paragraphs: He has his college jersey #11 retired at the University of Michigan and his NFL jersey #70 retired by the Philadelphia Eagles. Outside of football he has become a successful life insurance salesman which he had for 40 years. He was married to his wife Ellie for 61 years before her death and he has three daughters and three grandchildren.

paragraphs: Wistert died on March 5, 2016 in Grants Pass, Oregon. He was aged 95.


title: Alvin Wistert

paragraphs: Alvin "Moose" Wistert (June 26 1916 – October 3 2005) was an American Football player.


title: The Detroit News

paragraphs: The Detroit News is one of the two major newspapers in the U.S. city of Detroit, Michigan.


title: Veteran

paragraphs: A veteran (from the Latin word "vetus", meaning "old") is a person who has a long experience in something. The term is most often used to describe people who were in the armed forces, especially those who had to fight in a war.

paragraphs: The Royal British Legion began in 1921 after the First World War.

paragraphs: At the end of the American Revolution Army and Navy Officers formed the Society of the Cincinnati. After the US Civil War Veterans from the opposing sides formed their own associations:

paragraphs: After the Spanish-American War of 1898 Veterans formed an associations which still exists, called the Veterans of Foreign Wars. After World War I veterans formed the American Legion


title: Besançon

paragraphs: Besançon is a city in France. It was the capital of the former Free County ("Franche-Comté") region. It is the prefecture of the Doubs department. Its population is around 117,600 (2008).

paragraphs: Besançon is an old city. It is discovered in 58 BC and Julius Caesar writes about it in his book Commentarii de Bello Gallico where it is called "Vesontio". The etymology (origin of the word) is not certain. It could have a Celtic origin. The Celtic word "wes" means mountain. In the 4th century, the letter B became V. The city name changed to "Besontio" or "Bisontion". It became Besançon in 1243.

paragraphs: The city has a Renaissance citadel. It was later used by the Nazis during World War II.

paragraphs: Besançon has an oceanic climate and a continental climate. The average temperature is 10.2 °C (50 °F). The warmest month of the year is July (18.9 °C or 66 °F) and the coldest month is January (1.6 °C or 35 °F). Besançon receives about 1108 mm (44 inches) of precipitation per year. The wettest month is May (111.4 mm or 4.4 in); the driest is July (80.5 mm or 3.2 in). The highest temperature ever, recorded on 31 July 1983, was 38.8 °C (101.8 °F), and the lowest was a −20.7 °C (−5.3 °F) reached on 1 January 1985.


title: Hunter Valley

paragraphs: The Hunter Valley, is an area of New South Wales. The Hunter River flows through the valley. The Hunter Valley is one of the largest river valleys on the NSW coast. It is known for its wineries and coal mines. It is about to and less than 2 hours drive from north of Sydney, Australia. About 590,000 people live in the valley. More than half of the people live in the coastal cities of Newcastle and Lake Macquarie. There are also other towns and villages across the valley. There are 11 Local Government Areas that look after the area. These eleven LGAs are:


title: Mulhouse

paragraphs: Mulhouse is a commune in Alsace in north-eastern France, in the Haut-Rhin department, of which it is a subprefecture. It is in the Grand Est region.

paragraphs: The "commmune" is in the historical and cultural region of Alsace, close to the Swiss and German borders.

paragraphs: Mulhouse dates back to the XIIth century.

paragraphs: Medieval Mulhouse consists of an upper and a lower town.

paragraphs: Mulhouse is in the southern part of the plain of Alsace in the Haut-Rhin department. Two rivers run through Mulhouse, the Doller and the Ill, both tributaries of the Rhine.

paragraphs: It has an area of . Its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .

paragraphs: The distances from Mulhouse to other cities are:

paragraphs: The "commune" of Mulhouse is surrounded by the "communes" Riedisheim, Rixheim, Morschwiller-le-Bas and Pfastatt.

paragraphs: The area around Mulhouse, at an altitude of about , is characterized by climates with few extremes of temperature. The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Strasbourg is a "Marine West Coast Climate" and of the subtype "Cfb".

paragraphs: The average amount of precipitation for the year in Mulhouse is . The month with the most precipitation on average is June with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is January with an average of .

paragraphs: The average temperature for the year in Mulhouse is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of .

paragraphs: The inhabitants of Mulhouse are known, in French, as "Mulhousiens" (women: "Mulhousiennes").

paragraphs: With a population of 111,167, Mulhouse has a population density of inhabitants/km.

paragraphs: Mulhouse forms, together with 19 other "communes", the urban area of Mulhouse with a population of 246,693 inhabitants (2014) and an area of . This urban area is the centre of the metropolitan area of Mulhouse, formed by 60 "communes" with a population of 285,603 inhabitants and an area of .

paragraphs: Mulhouse is a subprefecture of the Haut-Rhin department since 1857. It is the capital of the Mulhouse "arrondissement" and is also the administrative centre () of 3 cantons:

paragraphs: It is part of the intercommunality "Mulhouse Alsace Agglomération".


title: Boulogne-Billancourt

paragraphs: Boulogne-Billancourt (often called Boulogne or Boulbi) is a town in the western suburbs of Paris in France. Boulogne-Billancourt is a sub-prefecture of the Hauts-de-Seine département. It is in the Île-de-France region. Its population is around 106,000. Its land area is 6.17 km². Its population density is 17,877/km².

paragraphs: Consequently, Boulogne-Billancourt is one of the most densely populated municipalities in Europe. It is also home to major communication companies headquarters. The hospital Ambroise-Paré Hospital is located in the city and one campus of the École supérieure des sciences commerciales d'Angers.


title: Perpignan

paragraphs: Perpignan () is a city in the south of France. It is also a commune and the capital of the Pyrénées-Orientales department. Perpignan was the capital of the old province and county of Roussillon ("Rosselló" in Catalan) and continental capital of the Kingdom of Majorca in the 13th and 14th centuries.

paragraphs: Perpignan was named, from 2001, as a "City of Art and History" () by the French Ministry of Culture and Communication.

paragraphs: Perpignan is mentioned in a document from 927 as "Villa Perpinianum". Later, there are other, but similar, names:

paragraphs: In Catalan, the regional language of the Pyrénées-Orientales, the name of the city is "".

paragraphs: The medieval town of Perpignan seems to have been founded around the beginning of the 10th century (first mentioned in a document as "villa Perpinianum" in 927). Soon Perpignan became the capital of the County of Roussillon. The last Count of Rossillon, Girard II, gave his lands in 1172 to the King of Aragón and Count of Barcelona.

paragraphs: Perpignan was made a partly self-governing commune in 1197. The French king Louis IX gave the Roussillon to the Kingdom of Aragón by the Treaty of Corbeil (1258).

paragraphs: When James I the Conqueror, king of Aragon and count of Barcelona, founded in 1229 the Kingdom of Majorca, Perpignan became the capital of the territory on the mainland. This continued from 1278 to 1344. The "Castle of the Kings of Majorca" () was built during this period. The different parts of the kingdom were the Balearic Islands, Northern Catalonia (Roussillon and Cerdagne) and the coastal area of Montpellier.

paragraphs: This period is considered the golden age in the history of the city. Perpignan became an important center of cloth industry, leather and goldsmiths' and other crafts.

paragraphs: In 1344 Peter IV of Aragon took the Kingdom of Majorca and Perpignan once more became part of the County of Barcelona. A few years later Perpignan lost approximately half of its population to the Black Death. Perpignan was attacked and occupied by Louis XI of France in 1463, but in 1493 Charles VIII of France gave it back to Ferdinand II of Aragon.

paragraphs: Again Perpignan was taken by the French during the Thirty Years' War in September 1642. Perpignan was finally given by Spain to France, and from then on it is part of France.

paragraphs: The coat of arms of Perpignan shows, as is the case in other cities in the region, the patron saint of the city. Here St John the Baptist is represented in front of the Catalan colours (yellow and red) with a lamb and a Christian cross in his hands, and walking above water.

paragraphs: Perpignan is at the centre of Roussillon, an old province organized around an agricultural plain. The city is at approximately from the Mediterranean Sea and about from the Pyrenees mountain range.

paragraphs: It has an area of and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .

paragraphs: Perpignan is in the valley of the Têt river, in the Roussillon plain which is bordered to the south by the Pyrenees, to the west by the region of Corbières and to the east by the Mediterranean Sea. The old city is on the right side of the Têt river, where the small river La Basse joins the Têt.

paragraphs: It is the southernmost of the great cities of metropolitan France ().

paragraphs: The cities of Pia and Cabestany are now part of Perpignan, while Bompas, Saleilles, Canohès, Toulouges, Le Soler, Baho, Saint-Estève and Rivesaltes are all close to the city limits. Nearest cities are Narbonne to the north (65 km), Montpellier towards the northeast (150 km), Barcelona to the south (190 km) and Toulouse to the northwest (200 km). The distance to Paris is .

paragraphs: The climate of Perpignan is a warm Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification "Cfa"), with mild winters and dry summers and warm.

paragraphs: The average temperature for the year in Perpignan is 15.6 °C (60.0 °F). The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of 23.9 °C (75.0 °F). The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of 8.3 °C (47.0 °F).

paragraphs: The average amount of precipitation for the year in Perpignan is . The month with the most precipitation on average is October with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is July with an average of .

paragraphs: The men of Perpignan are called "perpignanais" (women, "perpignanaises"); in Catalan, "perpinyanès" for a man and "perpinyanesa" for a woman.

paragraphs: In Perpignan, both French and Catalan are spoken, as can be seen in the street signs.

paragraphs: With a population in 2014 of 120,605, Perpignan has a population density of inhabitants/km.

paragraphs: Evolution of the population in Perpignan

paragraphs: Perpignan forms with 66 "communes" the urban area of Perpignan with a population of 313,861 inhabitants (2013) and an area of . The centre of this urban area is the metropolitan area of Perpignan, formed by 15 "communes" with a population of 197,715 inhabitants and an area of .

paragraphs: Perpignan is the prefecture of the Pyrénées-Orientales department since 1790. It is also the capital of the "arrondissement" of Perpignan and the administrative centre () of six cantons:

paragraphs: It is part of the intercommunality "Perpignan Méditerranée" ().

paragraphs: Traditional commerce is in wine and olive oil, corks (the cork oak "Quercus suber" grows in Perpignan's mild climate), wool and leather, and iron.


title: Murrurundi, New South Wales

paragraphs: Murrurundi is a small country town in the Upper Hunter Valley of New South Wales. Murrurundi is by road from Newcastle and km from Sydney. In 2006 there were 2162 people (ABS 2006) living in Murrurundi. The town is circled by mountains of the Liverpool Range. It is on the Pages River, which flows into the Hunter River. The name "Murrurundi" is from an Aboriginal word meaning "Five fingers". This is the name given to a group of rocks at the north end of the town.

paragraphs: The first people to live in the Murrurundi area were the Australian aboriginal people, the Wanaruah and the Kamilaroi. European settlement of the area began in the 1820s. Benjamin Hall, the father of bushranger Ben Hall started a cattle farm in the area in 1839. The town was started by the New South Wales government in 1840. In the same year, a local land owner - Thomas Haydon - started his own town called Haydonton. Benjamin Hall opened a butcher's shop in Haydonton in 1842. Ben Hall lived here until the age of 13. In 1913, the two towns were joined together to make the modern-day town of Murrurundi.

paragraphs: Kerosene shale was first mined at Mount Temi, north of Murrurundi in 1886. The mine was reopened in 1910. The shale was moved from the mine on a rope system known as an aerial ropeway. It was then loaded onto trains at a railway built at Temple Court, just west of Murrurundi. The mine closed in the First World War.

paragraphs: Every year there is a rodeo and the King of the Ranges stockman (cowboy) contest. Other sports played in the town include rugby, touch football, swimming, and cricket.

paragraphs: Murrurundi railway station is on the Main North railway line, from Sydney. The station opened in 1872. There is a large brick station-house, a passing loop and goods yard.

paragraphs: There is a train to and from Sydney and Armidale/Moree every day.


title: Roubaix

paragraphs: Roubaix is a city in the Nord department, in the Hauts-de-France region, in north France About 94,000 live there and about 7,119 people per square kilometer. It is near the cities Lille and Tourcoing. There is a metro and tram line between Roubaix and these places. Roubaix is near the Belgian border. The city is well known for its cycling race Paris-Roubaix which is over 259.5 km and includes almost 50 km of cobblestone sections.


title: Pau, France

paragraphs: Pau is a commune in southwestern France, in the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. It is the "prefecture" (capital) of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department. It is also the capital of 6 "cantons" in the department: Jurançon, Pau-Centre, Pau-Est, Pau-Nord, Pau-Ouest and Pau-Sud.

paragraphs: Pau is the second city of Aquitaine, after Bordeaux. Pau was also the capital of the old historical province of Béarn.

paragraphs: Pau is at about from Bordeaux and from Toulouse, on a 200 m elevation overlooking the valley of a mountain river called the Gave de Pau, and at from the Atlantic Ocean and at from the Pyrenees.

paragraphs: It has an area of and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .

paragraphs: Pau is surrounded by the "communes" Buros, Montardon, Morlaàs, Bizanos, Idron, Gelos, Jurançon,Lons and Billère.

paragraphs: The climate of Pau is Marine West Coast Climate (Köppen climate classification "Cfb"), with mild winters and warm summers.

paragraphs: The average temperature for the year in Pau is 13.5 °C (56.3 °F). The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of 20.7 °C (69.3 °F). The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of 6.6 °C (43.9 °F).

paragraphs: The average amount of precipitation for the year in Pau is . The month with the most precipitation on average is December with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is February with an average of .

paragraphs: With a population of 77,575, Pau has a population density of inhabitants/km.

paragraphs: The inhabitants of Pau are known, in French, as "Paulois" (women: "Pauloises").

paragraphs: Pau is the "prefecture" of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department since 1796. It is also the capital of four "Cantons":


title: John Dunn

paragraphs: John Dunn (14 December 1846 – 19 March 1866) was an Australian bushranger. He was only 17 years old when he joined up with Ben Hall and John Gilbert and became a member of their gang.

paragraphs: He was born at Murrumburrah near Yass, New South Wales. His parents were Michael Dunn and Margaret Kelly. Dunn was only a small youth and worked as a jockey. He had robbed a Chinese gold miner and been in trouble with the police.

paragraphs: Dunn was a member of the gang when they tried to rob the mail coach near Jugiong on 16 November 1864. Gilbert shot dead Sergeant Parry during the robbery. The government already had offered reward money for the capture of the Gilbert and Hall; they now offered £500 for John Dunn.

paragraphs: The bushrangers spent Christmas, 1864, with Dunn's parents at Murrumburrah. After visiting Dunn's grandfather, John Kelly, near Binalong they rode to Binda on Boxing Day, 26 December. Gilbert and Dunn spent the night dancing at the Flag Hotel. Hall stood at the door and stopped people from going to get the police.

paragraphs: On 26 January 1865, Hall, Gilbert and Dunn were at Collector, south of Goulburn. While Hall and Gilbert were robbing the hotel, John Dunn stayed outside to watch for the police. Most of the police were out in the bush searching for the bushrangers. Policeman, Constable Samuel Nelson, was told the bushrangers were at the hotel. He told his wife he would "have to do his best". As he walked up to the hotel Dunn shot him in the side of the body, and then fired two shots into his face. Nelson was the father of nine children. One of the children saw the shooting. The bushrangers stole Nelson's gun, and his personal belongings and then left the town. During the next three months, the gang continued to rob from farmhouses and mail coaches.

paragraphs: In May 1865, Hall, Gilbert, and Dunn were made "outlaws"; they could be killed by anyone at anytime. Hall was found by the police in the bush near Forbes, New South Wales and shot dead. A week later, Gilbert was shot by the police at the home of John Kelly, Dunn's grandfather, near Binalong, on 13 May. Dunn was able to escape, although he was shot in the foot. Dunn's Grandfather had told the police where the bushrangers were so that he could get the reward money.

paragraphs: Dunn went into hiding near Quambone Station (a farm) but another friend told the police where he was living. Dunn was shot and badly hurt when the police went to capture him on 26 December 1865. A policeman, McHale, was shot in the groin. Even though he was hurt, he climbed out of the police station window but was soon caught again. He was taken to Sydney to be tried in court. On 19 January 1866, he was found guilty of killing Nelson and sentenced to death. He was hanged on 19 March 1865 at the Darlinghurst Gaol. He was only 19 years old. He is buried in the old Devonshire Street cemetery in Sydney.


title: Gianfranco Zola

paragraphs: Gianfranco Zola OBE (born 5 July 1966) is a Italian former football player, who is now the manager of West Ham United

paragraphs: As a footballer he played for Napoli, Parma, Chelsea and Cagliari He was renowned for his technique, skill and dribbling. In total, he played in 632 league games and scored 184 goals in his career. He became manager of West Ham on 11 September 2008, replacing Alan Curbishley, after he stopped working as Italy Under-21's manager.


title: Asnières-sur-Seine

paragraphs: Asnières-sur-Seine is a town in France near Paris. It is in the region Île-de-France and the department Hauts-de-Seine. About 76,000 people live there. It is one of the most densely populated municipalities in Europe (its density is 17,178/km²).

paragraphs: "Asnières-sur-Seine" used to just be called Asnières. The name Asnières was first mentionned in 1158 as "Asnerias", from Medieval Latin "asinaria", meaning "donkey farm". The soil of Asnières was poor, where heather grew in Medieval times, was probably only good enough for breeding donkeys.

paragraphs: Different famous companies are located in Asnières:


title: Fort-de-France

paragraphs: Fort-de-France is the capital of the French Caribbean oversees department of Martinique. It is one of the major cities in the Caribbean. Martinique exports sugar, rum, tinned fruit, and cacao from the port in Fort-de-France.


title: Drake Bell

paragraphs: Drake Bell (27 June 1986) is an American actor, singer, director and guitarist.

paragraphs: Bell was born in Santa Ana, California in 1986. In June 2005, he was badly hurt in a car accident in Los Angeles. He was in the car with a friend. A truck went through a red light and hit Bell's car, a 1966 Ford Mustang. The steering wheel of Bell's car was made of wood and metal. Because the seatbelts of the car were only around the waist and there were no airbags, he hit his face against the steering wheel. This caused a broken neck, six dislodged teeth, a broken jaw and a deep cut across his chin. Bell had plastic surgery to fix his face.

paragraphs: Bell started to act when he was 5 years old. At the age of 8, he wrote his first song. When he was 9, he played "Jesse Ramo" in the movie "Jerry Maguire". In 1999, he started to act in "The Amanda Show" with Amanda Bynes. He played Drake Parker on the television series "Drake & Josh". In 2008, Bell played in the movies "Superhero Movie" and "Merry Christmas, Drake & Josh".

paragraphs: Bell learned to play guitar when he was 13. In September 2005, he started to sell his first album, "Telegraph". In December 2006, he started to sell his second album, "Its Only Time". His third album was released in 2014. Some songs of his new album appeared, including "Saturday Night", "All alone at the Disco", "Sea Song", "C.C.Rider", "To Hip gotta go", "Little Miss Prissy" and "Jingle Bells".

paragraphs: Bell has made comments that have upset a lot of people. He made a negative comment when Caitlyn Jenner appeared on the cover of Vanity Fair. He deleted the comment soon after he posted it but it was still seen by many readers. In an interview with Buzzfeed he made comments against stars such as Justin Bieber, Lady Gaga and Ariana Grande. He got into still another controversy with a Justin Bieber fan wishing him death.