title: Island of stability

paragraphs: The chemical elements beyond lead are radioactive, and they do not have stable isotopes. This means that they will decay into other elements. Except for Plutonium, their half life is in the order of several minutes, to seconds. There is a theory in physics that says that after a number of elements with short half lives, there will be others with longer half lives. These are generally known as Islands of stability. These elements are expected to have isotopes with half lives in the range of several minutes. The hypothesis is that the atomic nucleus is built up in "shells" in a manner similar to the structure of the much larger electron shells in atoms. In both cases, shells are just groups of quantum energy levels that are relatively close to each other. Energy levels from quantum states in two different shells will be separated by a relatively large energy gap. So when the number of neutrons and protons completely fills the energy levels of a given shell in the nucleus, the per nucleon will reach a local maximum and thus that particular configuration will have a longer lifetime than nearby isotopes that do not possess filled shells.

paragraphs: A filled shell would have "magic numbers" of neutrons and protons. One possible magic number of neutrons for spherical nuclei is 184, and some possible matching proton numbers are 114, 120 and 126 – which would mean that the most stable spherical isotopes would be Flerovium-298, unbinilium-304 and unbihexium-310. Of particular note is Ubh-310, which would be "doubly magic" (both its proton number of 126 and neutron number of 184 are thought to be magic) and thus the most likely to have a very long half-life. (The next lighter doubly magic spherical nucleus is lead-208, the heaviest stable nucleus and most stable heavy metal.)

paragraphs: Recent research indicates that large nuclei are deformed, causing magic numbers to shift. Hassium-270 is now believed to be a doubly magic deformed nucleus, with deformed magic numbers 108 and 162. However, it has a half-life of only 3.6 seconds.

paragraphs: Isotopes have been produced with enough protons to plant them upon an island of stability but with too few neutrons to even place them upon the island's outer "shores". It is possible that these elements possess unusual chemical properties and, if they have isotopes with adequate lifespans, would be available for various practical applications (such as particle accelerator targets and as neutron sources as well).


title: Bordj Bou Arréridj Province

paragraphs: Bordj Bou Arréridj is a province in east Algeria. It is about 200 km away from the capital Algiers. The capital is Bordj Bou Arreridj.

paragraphs: The province has 10 districts and 34 "communes" or municipalities.


title: Boumerdès Province

paragraphs: Boumerdès is a province of northern Algeria. The capital is the coastal city of Boumerdès.

paragraphs: The Province has 9 districts and 32 "communes" or municipalities.


title: El Tarf Province

paragraphs: El Taref is a province of Algeria. El Kala is a port town in this province. El Taref is the capital city. There is also El Kala National Park.

paragraphs: The province has 7 districts and 24 municipalities.


title: Tindouf Province

paragraphs: Tindouf, also written Tinduf, is the westernmost province of Algeria. There are 58,193 people. Tindouf has many resources including iron ore.

paragraphs: The province has one district, Tindouf. There are two towns: Tindouf and Oum El Assel.


title: Tissemsilt Province

paragraphs: Tissemsilt is a province of Algeria. The capital is Tissemsilt. Théniet El Haâd National Park is there.

paragraphs: The province has 8 districts and 22 "communes" or municipalities.


title: El Oued Province

paragraphs: El Oued is a Saharan province of Algeria. The capital is El Oued.

paragraphs: The province has 12 districts and 30 "communes" or municipalities.


title: Khenchela Province

paragraphs: Khenchela Province is a province of Algeria. The capital is Khenchela.

paragraphs: The province has 8 districts and 21 "communes" or municipalities.


title: Souk Ahras Province

paragraphs: Souk Ahras is a province in Algeria. The capital is Souk Ahras. It is on the border between Algeria and Tunisia.

paragraphs: The province has 10 districts and 26 "communes" or municipalities.


title: Tipasa Province

paragraphs: Tipaza or Tipasa is a province on the coast of Algeria. The capital is Tipasa. It is 50 km west of the capital of Algeria.

paragraphs: The province has 10 districts and 28 "communes" or municipalities.


title: Mila Province

paragraphs: Mila is a province of Algeria. The capital is Mila.

paragraphs: The province has 13 districts and 32 "communes" or municipalities.


title: Macquarie Island

paragraphs: Macquarie Island is a large island in the Southern Ocean. It is about south east of Tasmania, and about half way between Australia and Antarctica. The island became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1992. Macquarie Island is about long and wide. It was first discovered in July 1810, by Captain Hasselburgh, who was searching for places to hunt whales and seals. No people live there now. The only way to get to the island is by sea and there are no harbors to dock a ship.

paragraphs: The island was formed by two tectonic plates meeting and forcing each other upwards. "It is the only place on Earth where rocks from the Earth's mantle, below the ocean floor, are being pushed up above sea level". Confirmation is in this reference under section "Criterion (viii)".

paragraphs: Many birds and animals use Macquarie Island to breed. About 3.5 million seabirds and 80,000 elephant seals come to the island every year. Four types of penguins live on the island. There are about 850,000 royal penguins, 200,000 king penguins, 10,000 gentoo penguins, and rockhopper penguins with numbers thought to be between 20,000 and 1,000,000.

paragraphs: In 1977 Macquarie Island became a Biosphere Reserve. The coastal ecosystem is recognized as part of UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme.


title: Aïn Defla Province

paragraphs: Aïn Defla is a province in northern Algeria. It is southwest of Algiers, the capital. Towns in Ain Delfa include Miliana, Hammam Righa, and Aïn Torki.

paragraphs: The province has 14 districts and 36 municipalities.


title: Naama Province

paragraphs: Naâma is a province of Algeria. The capital is the town of Naâma. There is an airport in Mécheria.

paragraphs: The province has 7 districts and 12 "communes" or municipalities.


title: Aïn Témouchent Province

paragraphs: Aïn Témouchent is a province in northwestern Algeria. The capital is Aïn Témouchent.

paragraphs: The province has 8 districts and 28 municipalities.


title: Matilde Camus

paragraphs: Matilde Camus (26 September 1919 – 28 April 2012) was a Spanish poet who also wrote non-fiction. She was born in Santander, Cantabria.


title: Ghardaïa Province

paragraphs: Ghardaïa is a province in eastern Algeria. The capital is Ghardaïa. The M'Zab Valley, located there, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

paragraphs: The province has 9 districts and 13 "communes" or municipalities.


Camus


title: Relizane Province

paragraphs: Relizane is a province of Algeria. Relizane is the capital.

paragraphs: The province has 13 districts and 38 "communes" or municipalities.


title: UTC+01:00

paragraphs: UTC+01:00 is the timezone for many places.


title: Wāli

paragraphs: Wāli or vali is a title used during the Arab Empire and Ottoman Empire. It means governor. It is still used in some countries with Arabic culture.

paragraphs: In Algeria, a "wāli" is the "governor" of each of the 48 provinces. They are chosen by the president.

paragraphs: In Turkey the head of the 81 provinces is called a wāli.


title: Shark Bay

paragraphs: Shark Bay is a large bay on the west coast of Western Australia. It is about north of Perth. In 1991, the bay, its islands, and the land around it were added to UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites.

paragraphs: Shark Bay has three important features to protect. It has the largest seagrass beds in the world. These are home to about 10% of the world's dugongs. And at one end of the bay are stromatolites, which are the oldest form of life on the Earth. The protected area covers .

paragraphs: The area protected by the World Heritage Site is made up of different areas. About 70% of the site is marine environment protected by national parks and reserves, and includes of coastline. About 20% was used for farming, but half of this area has been taken over by the government and is now conservation area. About 6% is in national parks and reserves.


title: People's Provincial Assembly

paragraphs: The People's Municipal Assembly is the political group that rules the provinces of Algeria. The people are picked for five years. This assembly further elects a president, the "president of the People's Provincial Assembly".


title: Numidia

paragraphs: Numidia (202 BC – 46 BC) was an ancient Berber kingdom. It was in modern-day Algeria and a smaller part of western Tunisia in North Africa. It was the first major state in the history of Algeria and the Berber world.


title: Rustamid

paragraphs: The Rustamid (or "Rustumid", "Rostemid") ruled part of North Africa in the from the 700's to 909. It was a Muslim theocracy. The capital was Tahert. It was in present-day Algeria. The group had a Persian origin. No one knows how big their land was but it went as far east as Jabal Nafusa in Libya.


title: Zirid dynasty

paragraphs: The Zirid dynasty were a Berber group. They were from what is now modern Algeria. The capital was Kairouan.


paragraphs: Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites is the UNESCO World Heritage Site in Wiltshire, England.

paragraphs: Stonehenge and Avebury are groups of large stones called megaliths. Both sites are circles of stones which are placed in a pattern. In each, the placement of the stones and spaces between them may have astronomical meaning.

paragraphs: The creation of Stonehenge and Avebury dates from the Bronze Age.

paragraphs: Avebury is to the north of Stonehenge. It is Europe's largest prehistoric stone circle. It has about 100 megaliths.

paragraphs: Small sites of prehistoric stones are nearby, including Silbury Hill, Windmill Hill, West Kennet Long Barrow, and Overton Hill.


title: Hammadid

paragraphs: The Hammadids were a Berber group. It was in what is now north-eastern modern Algeria. It existed from about 1008 to 1152. They were destroyed by the Almohads.

paragraphs: The capital was first Qalaat Beni Hammad. It is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In 1090 the capital was changed to Béjaïa.


title: French colonial empire

paragraphs: The French colonial Empire was land controlled by the French from the 17th century to the late 1960s. In the 17th and 18th centuries France gained and lost large territories in North America and India. Like the other empires of the time, was powered by slaves captured from Africa. The Haitian Revolution, when many of these slaves in the colony of Saint Domingue fought and defeated the French, caused major changes in the empire.

paragraphs: Sometimes, people say there was a first and a second French colonial empire. The "first colonial empire" was from the French colonization of the Americas to the Napoleonic Wars. The "second colonial empire" is the French colonies in Africa.

paragraphs: From the 16th to the 17th centuries, the First French colonial empire stretched from a total area at its peak in 1680 to over 10,000,000 square kilometres (3,900,000 sq mi), the second largest empire in the world at the time behind only the Spanish Empire. In terms of land area, the Second French colonial empire extended to over 13,500,000 square kilometres (5,200,000 sq mi) at its peak in 1936, the second largest in the world at the time, which accounted for 10% of the world's land area. The total land area of the first and second French colonial empire combined reached 24,000,000 square kilometres (9,300,000 sq mi).


title: Algerian dinar

paragraphs: The dinar is the money of Algeria. 100 "santeem" make 1 dinar. The name "dinar" comes from the Roman denarius. Algeria started using the dinar on 1 April 1964.


title: Central Atlas Tamazight

paragraphs: Central Atlas Tamazight is a Berber language. It is of the Afro-Asiatic language family. it is spoken by 3 to 5 million people in Central Morocco, and by smaller communities in France and elsewhere. It is an official language of Morocco.

paragraphs: Central Atlas Tamazight is one of the four most-spoken Berber languages. The other ones are Kabyle, Shilha, and Riff.


title: Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine

paragraphs: The was a silver mine in the city of Ōda, Shimane Prefecture. It was the largest silver mine in Japanese history. Iwami Ginzan was active for almost four hundred years. It was discovered in 1526 and closed in 1923.

paragraphs: Today the mine has become an open-air museum. It was named a World Heritage Site in 2007.

paragraphs: Kamiya Jutei, a Japanese merchant, started the mine in 1526. By the early 1600s the mine was producing approximately 38 tons of silver a year. That was one third of the world's production at that time.

paragraphs: Warlords fought over the mine until the Tokugawa Shogunate took control of it in 1600 after the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600. Yamabuki Castle was built in the center of the complex. The mine produced less in the nineteenth century as it had trouble competing with other mines. It closed in 1923.

paragraphs: Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine was very important in East Asian trade because silver was the main currency. The silver mined at Iwami Ginzan was very high quality. From 17th century, coins made of the silver from the mine were not only one of the basic currencies in Japan but also used in the trade with China, Portugal and the Netherlands.

paragraphs: The Japanese Government named the mining town as a Special Preservation District for Groups of Historic Buildings in 1969. The government also applied for it to become a World Heritage Site. The application succeeded in July 2007, although the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOSMOS) did not find any "outstanding universal value" of the site.


title: Shrines and Temples of Nikkō

paragraphs: The site covers 103 buildings or structures and the natural area around them. Two Shinto shrines and one Buddhist temple are included in the site.

paragraphs: The area of Nikko has been a Shinto forest since pre-historic times. It has had Buddhist temples since the 9th century. Thousands of Japanese cedars were planted in the early 17th century

paragraphs: The shrines and temples of Nikkō are closely related to the history of the Tokugawa Shoguns.

paragraphs: In 1871, the Shinto areas and Buddhist areas were separated. Three sites were identified -- two Shinto shrine complexes and one Buddhist temple complex.

paragraphs: After the "Law on the Preservation of Shrines and Temples" in 1897, Nikkō was protected by the Japanese government.

paragraphs: Nikkō's shrines and temples were named a World Heritage Site in 1999.

paragraphs: In 2012, the World Heritage Site covers nine National Treasures of Japan and many "Important Cultural Properties".

paragraphs: Many gates and buildings at Nikkō have very detailed carvings. The use of color is based on records dating back to 1753. The very precise descriptions of the architectural structures

paragraphs: and the decorative works are used by experts who want to preserve history at Nikkō.


title: Wet Tropics of Queensland

paragraphs: The Wet Tropics of Queensland is a UNESCO World Heritage Site which is in a narrow strip along the east coast of Queensland, Australia. It starts just north of Townsville and continues to just south of Cooktown, a distance of about . This is an area of in 730 separate blocks of land which includes 41 national parks covering. About 80% of the site is tropical rainforest. It is interesting because it is very old forest, and is a living record of 415 million years of evolution, going back to Pangea and Gondwana. All of Australia's marsupials, and many of its other animals, evolved in tropical rainforests, and many of their closest surviving ancestors still live in the Wet Tropics of Queensland.


title: The Last Temptation of Christ

paragraphs: The Last Temptation of Christ is a 1988 American drama movie. It is based on the 1953 novel of the same name. Martin Scorsese directed the movie. It stars Willem Dafoe as Jesus, Harvey Keitel as Judas and Barbara Hershey as Mary Magdalene. This movie was highly controversial on multiple levels: certain countries went as far as banning it. Furthermore, certain video stores, such as Blockbuster, would not carry the movie or make it available for rental due to the controversy. This movie was released on August 12, 1988.


title: Flag of Andorra

paragraphs: The national flag of the Andorra was adopted in 1866. The flag is a vertical tricolour of blue, yellow, and red. The Coat of arms of Andorra is in the centre. The three vertical bars look of equal width but the centre yellow bar is slightly wider than the other two. The ratio of bar widths is 8:9:8.

paragraphs: The look of the flag is from the flags of France and Spain.

paragraphs: The motto in the coat of arms in the middle stripe "Virtus Unita Fortior" means "Strength United is Stronger".


title: Important Cultural Properties of Japan

paragraphs: Japan's government made a Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties a to protect its culture. It chooses important items and names them as Cultural Properties The law sets rules about changing, repairing, or exporting these items.

paragraphs: There is also , which sets a lower level of protection and support for Registered Cultural Properties than for Designated Cultural Properties.

paragraphs: There are different levels of designation. Designation can be at a , or level.

paragraphs: Designations of a different level can coexist. For example, Sankei-en, a traditional Japanese-style garden in Naka Ward, Yokohama, owns both city designated and nationally designated Important Cultural Properties.


title: Coat of arms of Andorra

paragraphs: The coat of arms of Andorra has been used for centuries. Below the shield arms is Andorra's national motto ' (Latin for '). The coat of arms also appears on the Flag of Andorra.


title: El Gran Carlemany

paragraphs: "El Gran Carlemany" is the national anthem of Andorra. It means "The Great Charlemagne". Enric Marfany Bons wrote the song. Joan Benlloch i Vivó composed the music. It started to be used in 1921.


title: Joan Enric Vives Sicília

paragraphs: Archbishop Joan Enric Vives i Sicília (born 24 July 1949) is the current Bishop of Urgell and Co-Prince of Andorra.

paragraphs: Born in Barcelona, he became a priest in 1974. On 19 March 2010, he became an archbishop.


title: Nemesi Marqués Oste

paragraphs: Nemesi Marquès Oste (born 17 May 1935) is the personal representative to Andorra of the Bishop of Urgell. He is a Roman Catholic priest.


title: Saltaire

paragraphs: Saltaire is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in the City of Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. The site is a complete and well-preserved industrial village of the second half of the 19th century. It has textile mills, public buildings and workers' housing.

paragraphs: Construction of Saltaire was started in 1851 by Sir Titus Salt. The name of the village is a combination of the founder's last name and the name of the Aire River which runs through it.

paragraphs: Salt owned several textile mills Yorkshire. In 1853, he moved his businesses and his workers to Saltaire.

paragraphs: In time, the new village grew to over 800 dwellings.

paragraphs: In 1933, the village was sold the Bradford Property Trust. The mill closed down in 1986.

paragraphs: In 2001, Saltaire was named a World Heritage Site.


title: Christian Frémont

paragraphs: Christian Frémont (23 April 1942 - 3 August 2014) was the chief of staff of Nicolas Sarkozy. He was the French Representative to Andorra from 24 September 2008 to 15 May 2012.

paragraphs: Frémont died in Paris, France from cancer, aged 72.


title: Antoni Martí

paragraphs: Antoni Martí Petit (born November 10, 1963) is an Andorran architect and politician. He is the Prime Minister since 11 May 2011.


title: Paréage

paragraphs: A Paréage is an agreement between two rulers who were equal. It was used in Medieval France. The most famous paréage was in 1278. It created Andorra.


title: Crown of Aragon

paragraphs: The Crown of Aragon was a joining of multiple titles and states in the hands of the King of Aragon. In the 14th and 15th the land of Aragon covered most of present-day France and Spain. The political center was at Zaragoza.


paragraphs: Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha is a British Overseas Territory. It is in the South Atlantic Ocean and is made up of the island of Saint Helena, Ascension Island and the island group called Tristan da Cunha. In total, there are eight islands and the main is St Helena with a total area for the territory of .

paragraphs: It was known as Saint Helena and Dependencies until 1 September 2009. At that time a new constitution gave an equal status to all the islands in the territory.

paragraphs: Of volcanic origin, the islands of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha were all formerly separate colonies of the English crown, though separately discovered by several Portuguese explorers between 1502 and 1504.

paragraphs: Going to India, in May 1501, the Portuguese admiral João da Nova saw the Ascension island in the South Atlantic. On his return journey, Nova is said to have discovered the South Atlantic island of St Helena on 21 May 1502, the feast day of Helena of Constantinople.

paragraphs: Another Portuguese, Tristan da Cunha () discovered a group of islands in 1506 and gave its name to the principal island of the group () but it was soon changed to "Tristan da Cunha".

paragraphs: The Portuguese found that nobody was living in the St Helena island, with forests and fresh water. They built a timber chapel in the valley where later Jamestown was built.Though they formed no permanent settlement, the island became very important for ships coming from Asia and going back to Europe.

paragraphs: During the first years of the 16th century, the island of St Helena was used as a place to stop by the Portuguese, Dutch, English and French on their way to India and other Asian countries.

paragraphs: The Netherlands took St Helena from 1645 to 1659. In 1657, the English East India Company was given a permit to govern St Helena by Oliver Cromwell, and the following year the Company decided to colonise the island with farmers. The first governor, Captain John Dutton, arrived in 1659, and it is from this date that St Helena claims to be Britain’s second oldest (remaining) colony (after Bermuda). A fort was completed and a number of houses were built. After the Restoration of the English monarchy in 1660, the East India Company received a Royal permit to start a colony in the island. The fort was named "James Fort" and the town "Jamestown", in honour of the Duke of York, later King James II of England.

paragraphs: In 1815, the British government decided to use the island of St. Helena as a place of detention for Napoleon Bonaparte. To prevent any attempt to escape from the nearby islands, they formally annexed the islands of Ascension and Tristan da Cunha. In 1821, Napoleon died on the island of St Helena.

paragraphs: On 22 April 1834, the island of St Helena became a colony of the British crown. In 1922, the Ascension then was attached as a dependency followed by the Tristan da Cunha Island 12 January 1938 .

paragraphs: During the Second Boer War (1899-1902), the island of St. Helena served as camp for about 5,000 prisoners of war.

paragraphs: During the Second World War, the Ascension was leased to the United States who established a base for their airplanes.

paragraphs: In 1961, a volcanic eruption on Tristan da Cunha forced authorities to evacuate the entire population of the island to the United Kingdom. The people of Tristan da Cunha could not return to the island until 1963.

paragraphs: There is a huge distance between the northern and the southern points of the territory. The northern-most island, Ascension, is at latitude of the equator and the southern-most island, Gough Island is at . Between St Helena and Tristan da Cunha is the Tropic of Capricorn. The distance between the northern tip of Ascension Island and the southern tip of Gough Island is . The whole territory lies in the Western Hemisphere and has the same time zone: Greenwich Mean Time. Daylight saving time is not observed.

paragraphs: There are eight islands in the Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha territory:

paragraphs: Ascension has a warm, arid climate, but it is more moderated (and arid near the sea) in St Helena; Tristan da Cunha is much cooler. The highest point of the territory is Queen Mary's Peak on the island of Tristan da Cunha, with an elevation of above sea level.

paragraphs: Although all three parts of the territory were formed by volcanic activity, only the Tristan da Cunha group of islands are active at the moment.

paragraphs: Administratively, the territory is divided into the same three parts as the territory's geography, namely Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha. Each is governed by a council. The Governor of the territory is the representative of the British monarch across the territory and presides over the St Helena Legislative Council, while he or she is represented by an Administrator on Ascension Island and an Administrator on Tristan da Cunha that preside over these two areas' Island Councils.

paragraphs: The island of St Helena is divided into eight districts.

paragraphs: With a population of 6,567 inhabitants in the census of 1998 (estimated to be 7,754 in 2013), the territory appears as one of the least populated British territory. The largest city of the territory is the capital, Jamestown, with a population of 1,000 in 2009.

paragraphs: Approximately 50% of the population are of African origin while the descendants of Europeans (British and Scandinavian) and Chinese each represent a quarter of the population.

paragraphs: The inhabitants are mostly Anglicans, but there are Baptists, Adventists and Catholics.

paragraphs: The islands had a very simple economy the mid-1960s, mainly based on the culture of New Zealand flax, a plant of the genus "Phormium", that was used to produce fibers and ropes. Agriculture is now mainly for food, except for a bit of coffee.

paragraphs: Fishing remains the only really important activity on the island, but the territory is almost entirely supported by the help from United Kingdom, particularly through the U.S. and British facilities in the Ascension Island, which employ about 25% of the population.

paragraphs: The tourism industry in St Helena is not well developed and is based on the fact that Napoleon lived and died here.


title: Canillo

paragraphs: Canillo is one of the seven parishes of Andorra. It is in the northeast of the country. Canillo is also the name of the main town of the parish.

paragraphs: The town of Canillo is the religious centre of Andorra because here is the "Mare de Déu de Meritxell" ("Our Lady of Meritxell") Basilica. Our Lady of Meritxell is the patron saint of Andorra.

paragraphs: The Canillo parish is in the northeastern part of the country and borders with the Ariège department to the north and east, with the Pyrénées-Orientales department (France) to the southeast, with the Encamp parish to the south and the Ordino parish to the west.

paragraphs: The highest mountain in the parish is "Pic de l'Estanyó" () with an elevation of above sea level; it is on the border with the Ordino parish.

paragraphs: The main river in Canillo is the "Valira d'Orient", also known as "Valira d’Encamp".

paragraphs: The largest lake of Andorra, "Estany de Juclà" ("Juclar lake"), is in the Canillo parish; it has an area of .

paragraphs: The parish had a population, in 2015, of 4,124 inhabitants, for a population density of persons/km².

paragraphs: The main economic activity is tourism and the parish is a major tourism destination during winter.


title: Encamp

paragraphs: Encamp is one of the seven parishes of Andorra. It is in the east central part of the country. Encamp is also the name of the main town of the parish.

paragraphs: The Encamp parish is in the east central part of the country and borders with the Canillo parish to the north, with the Pyrénées-Orientales department (France) to the east, with Spain to the southeast, with the Escaldes-Engordany parish to the south, with the La Massana parish to the west and the Ordino parish to the northwest.

paragraphs: The highest mountain in the parish is "Pic del Pessons" () with an elevation of above sea level.

paragraphs: The main river in Encamp is the "Valira d'Orient".

paragraphs: The parish had a population, in 2015, of 12,212 inhabitants, for a population density of persons/km².

paragraphs: The main economic activity is tourism and the parish is a major tourism destination.


title: Escaldes-Engordany

paragraphs: Escaldes-Engordany is one of the seven parishes of Andorra. It is in the southeast of the country. Escaldes-Engordany is also the name of the main town of the parish.

paragraphs: The Escaldes-Engordany parish was created in 1978 with part of the territory of the Andorra la Vella parish with two urban areas: Escaldes and Engordany. With time, these two towns were combined to form the present capital of the parish.

paragraphs: The Escaldes-Engordany parish is in the southeast of the country and borders with the Encamp parish to the north, with the Sant Julià de Lòria parish to the southwest, with the Andorra la Vella parish to the west and the La Massana parish to the northwest. Spain is to the east and south of the parish.

paragraphs: The highest mountain in the parish is "Tossa Plana" () with an elevation of above sea level. It is in the southeast of the parish, on the border with Spain.

paragraphs: The main rivers in Escaldes-Engordany are the "Valira del Nord" and the "Valira d'Orient"; they form the "Gran Valira" after their confluence in Escaldes-Engordany. Other river is the "Madriu".

paragraphs: The town of Escaldes-Engordany is the capital of the parish; it is in the northwest of the parish, close to the town of Andorra la Vella, forming the largest urban area of the country.

paragraphs: The parish had a population, in 2015, of 14,367 inhabitants, for a population density of persons/km².

paragraphs: Evolution of the population in Escaldes-Engordany


title: La Massana

paragraphs: La Massana (originally "La Maçana") is one of the seven parishes of Andorra. It is in the northwest of the country. La Massana is also the name of the main town of the parish.

paragraphs: The name Massana derives from the Latin name "mattianam" for a variety of apple.

paragraphs: The La Massana parish is in the northwest of the country and borders with the Ordino parish to the north, with the Ordino and Encamp parishes to the east, with the Andorra la Vella and the Escaldes-Engordany parishes to the south, with France (Ariège department) and Spain to the west.

paragraphs: The town of La Massana has an average elevation of above sea level.

paragraphs: In the La Massana parish are the highest mountains of Andorra, including:

paragraphs: The main river in the parish is the "Valira del Nord" (or "Valira d'Ordino") river, one of the two branches that form the Valira river. There are several small lakes in the parish; the main lakes are "Estanys Forcats", "Estany de Les Truites" and "Estany Negre".

paragraphs: The parish had a population, in 2015, of 10,359 inhabitants, for a population density of persons/km².

paragraphs: Evolution of the population in La Massana

paragraphs: There are other villages and hamlets besides the main town of La Massana in the parish:

paragraphs: The main economic activity is tourism and the parish is a major tourism destination. In winter, the main activities are skiing, snowboarding, and ski ski biking. The main ski resort, Vallnord, includes the Arinsal and Pal sectors. In summer, the main activities are hiking, climbing, mountain biking and canyoning.

paragraphs: Farming is also an important economic activity in the parish; here tobacco, vegetables (mainly potatoes), and cereals are grown.


title: Ordino

paragraphs: Ordino is one of the parishes of Andorra. It is the most northern parish of the country. Ordino is also the name of the main town of the parish. In the parish is the Parc Natural de Sorteny ("Sorteny Natural Park"), the largest nature area of Andorra.

paragraphs: Ordino is known for the several places where the iron ore was melted between the XVII and the XIX centuries. Besides being the industrial centre of Andorra, Ordino is considered the cultural centre of Andorra. Here Antoni Fiter i Rossell wrote the "Manual Digest" (1748), called the "Bible of Andorra," which tells the history, the government and the Andorran customs.

paragraphs: The town of Ordino, the capital of the parish, is at above sea level. Most of the parish is in the valley of the "Valira del Nord" (or "Valira d'Ordino") river, in the northwest of the country.

paragraphs: Ordino borders with France (Ariège department) to the north, with the Canillo parish to the east, the Encamp parish to the southeast and the La Massana parish to the south and the west.

paragraphs: Some of the highest mountains of Andorra are in the Ordino parish; some of them are:

paragraphs: The town of Ordino is on the slopes of the "Pic de Casamanya" (or just "Casamanya"); it is high.

paragraphs: The main river in the parish is the "Valira del Nord" (or "Valira d'Ordino") river, one of the two branches that form the Valira river.

paragraphs: The parish had a population, in 2015 of 4,687 inhabitants, for a population density of persons/km².

paragraphs: There are other villages and hamlets besides the main town of Ordino in the parish:


title: Sant Julià de Lòria

paragraphs: Sant Julià de Lòria is one of the parishes of Andorra. It is the most southern parish of the country. Sant Julià de Lòria is also the name of the main town of the parish. The University of Andorra is in the parish.

paragraphs: The parish has an altitude of ; the town of Sant Julià de Lòria is at high, the lowest settlement in Andorra. The Valira river (or "Gran Valira"), the biggest river in the country, flows through the parish.

paragraphs: Sant Julià de Lòria borders with the Andorra la Vella parish to the north, with the Escaldes-Engordany parish to the northeast and with Spain to the east, south and west.

paragraphs: The highest mountain in the parish is "Pic Negre Norte" () with an elevation of above sea level; it is on the border with the Escaldes-Engordany parish.

paragraphs: The parish had a population, in 2015 of 9,379 inhabitants, for a population density of persons/km².

paragraphs: Evolution of the population in Sant Julià de Lòria

paragraphs: There are other villages and hamlets besides the main town of Sant Julià de Lòria in the parish:


title: Coma Pedrosa

paragraphs: Coma Pedrosa is the highest mountain in Andorra. It is popular with mountain climbers. The nearest town is Arinsal, La Massana.


title: Our Lady of Meritxell

paragraphs: Our Lady of Meritxell is the patron saint of Andorra. It is a Roman Catholic statue showing the Virgin Mary. The original statue is from the late 12th century. But the chapel it was in burned down on September 8 and 9, 1972. The statue was destroyed. A copy was made in 1976 by Ricardo Bofill.


title: Rheumatoid arthritis

paragraphs: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a serious, painful, and chronic (long-lasting) disease. It is an autoimmune disease - a disease where the body's immune system attacks healthy cells. When a person has RA, their immune system attacks the joints and the tissues around the joints in the body. This causes different problems, like:

paragraphs: Eventually, RA can destroy a person's articular cartilage. Normally, articular (having to do with the joints) cartilage covers the end of bones where they come together to form joints. This keeps the bones from rubbing against each other. If the articular cartilage has been destroyed by RA, the bones will rub against each other, which is very painful.

paragraphs: No one knows what causes RA, but some theories are that it has to do with hormones, environment, infection and genes. There is no cure, but doctors have determined ways to help slow down and reduce the impact of the disease. Women are two to three times as likely as men to get rheumatoid arthritis. Most cases of RA occur in people between the ages of 25 and 55.

paragraphs: RA was first recognized around 1800 by Dr. Augustin Jacob Landré-Beauvais.

paragraphs: Often, people with RA also develop anemia, a different disease that causes a person to have not enough blood cells in the blood.

paragraphs: Less often, a person with RA could have:


title: World Heritage Committee

paragraphs: The World Heritage Committee is the group which decides on the places to be listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. It makes sure that the agreements in World Heritage Convention are followed. It also decides how the money in the World Heritage Fund is spent. The committee has 21 members who are elected from the 188 countries that have agreed to the World Heritage Convention.

paragraphs: According to the World Heritage Convention, committee members are elected for six years, however many of the representatives choose to be on the committee for only four years. This gives more countries a chance to take part. At the 15th General Assembly (2005) all the committee members agreed to serve for only four years.

paragraphs: The World Heritage Committee meets many times a year to discuss the management of existing World Heritage Sites, and to look at possible new sites. A special meeting, known as the World Heritage Committee Session, takes place each year where sites are added (inscribed) to the World Heritage List.

paragraphs: The annual session takes place in cities all over the world. With the exception of meetings held in Paris, where the UNESCO headquarter office is located, only countries who are members of the World Heritage Committee have the right to hold a Session. The cities are decided by the Committee.


title: Willandra Lakes Region

paragraphs: The Willandra Lakes Region is a World Heritage Site that covers 2,400 square kilometres in south-western New South Wales, Australia. It includes important natural and cultural features. The lakes were formed about two million years ago, but are now dry. The Australian Aborigines camped around the lakes, especially in the sand dunes on the lake shores for at least 50,000 years. These dunes are crescent shaped, and are called lunettes. The world's oldest cremation, of an woman more than 40,000 years ago, was found in a lunette at Lake Mungo. A small section of the region is protected by the Mungo National Park. As well as Lake Mungo, there is also Lake Mulurulu which was the last lake to hold water, the Prungle lakes which have been dry for more than 20,000 years, and Lake Chibnalwood which has a 30 metre high lunette, one of the biggest in the world.

paragraphs: The Willandra Lakes Region was added to the Australian National Heritage List in May 2007.


title: Sloth (deadly sin)

paragraphs: In Christianity, Sloth is about a person not wanting to work, because of lack of motivation. The person will be physically inactive and neglect what God has said. Very often, this will lead to resources being wasted. As an example, sloth is about a person not helping those in need, even though they would be able to. Sloth is one of the seven capital sins, which are also called seven deadly sins.

paragraphs: For Protestants, Diligence (or hard work) is one of the ways to please God. Max Weber (1864-1920) treats this in his work The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. In his work "Anthropologie in pragmatischer Hinsicht", Immanuel Kant stated that of the capital sins sloth, cowardice and falsehood, the first one is the most despicable. However, he also sees this as a measure of self-protection of the individual, as long phases of hard work will lead a person to become tired, and to make short pauses between intervals of work. Without these pauses, the restles malice that is in the world would do a far greater amount of damage. In 1846, Louis Blanc wrote about the right to work. There was a financial crisis at the time, and many people were unemployed. The crisis led to the French Revolution of 1848.

paragraphs: In 1880, the Socialist Paul Lafargue published an essay called "The Right to be Lazy", where he explains that the worker should have a right to be lazy.


title: Ponte Buggianese

paragraphs: Ponte Buggianese is an Italian town in the province of Pistoia, Tuscany. About 8,876 people lived there as of 2011.


title: The Hardy Boys

paragraphs: The Hardy Boys are two American fictional teenage brothers and the main characters in a series of mystery books for children and teens launched in 1927. Edward Stratemeyer, the founder of the book-packaging Stratemeyer Syndicate, created the concept, but the books were written by several ghostwriters over the years under the pseudonym Franklin W. Dixon.

paragraphs: The series overview is simple. Frank and Joe Hardy are two high school boys in their late teens. They live in the fictional city of Bayport with their famous private detective father Fenton Hardy. The boys sometimes help their father with his cases, but, at other times, they find and solve their own. The boys have enough money to pursue a WWE Tag Team Championship and are the current holders of the prestigious award. Joe and Scott are renowned for not only there flamboyant appearances, but acrobatic manoeuvres

paragraphs: In 1959, the books were revised to eliminate objectionable material, and rewritten in a simpler style. New series were launched in 1987, 1997, and 2005. The original Hardy Boys Mystery Stories series ended in 2005. Some stories were adapted for television programs. Critics have offered many explanations for the Hardy Boys popularity including escapism, homosociality, and the triumph of good over evil.

paragraphs: The Hardy Boys are fictional teenage brothers and amateur detectives. They live in the fictional city of Bayport on the Atlantic Coast with their father, internationally famous private detective Fenton Hardy. The boys are in their late teens, have their own car, and are in the same grade in high school. Friends Chet Morton and Biff Hooper sometimes help the Hardys solve their cases. The boys have enough money to travel around the United States and even the world in pursuit of cases. Frank and Joe are very much alike, but "Frank was the thinker while Joe was more impulsive, and perhaps a little more athletic."

paragraphs: Edward Stratemeyer, founder of the Stratemeyer Syndicate, came up with the idea of mystery-solving brothers in 1926. Publishers Grosset & Dunlap approved the idea, and the name "The Hardy Boys" was chosen for the series. The books were written under the pseudonym Franklin W. Dixon, by ghostwriters who signed away their rights to authorship, pseudonyms, and future royalties. The first three books were published in 1927, and were an instant success. By mid-1929, over 115,000 books had been sold. The Stratemeyer Syndicate received all royalties, and their offices handled all correspondence. Public and school libraries agreed to keep the ghostwriters' names secret.

paragraphs: The earliest books are known for their atmosphere, detail, and clear writing style. Between 1938 to 1942 futuristic gadgetry and exotic locations were introduced to the series. The world in these early books is a dark and "divided place". Police and authority figures usually come off poorly; the rich are portrayed as greedy and selfish; and racial stereotypes abound. Parents complained and a revision project was undertaken in 1959. Texts were streamlined; stereotypes eliminated; plots were rewritten, lurid elements deleted, chapters per book were reduced, slang and difficult words were deleted, and the writing style was tightened. The revised versions focused on non-stop action rather than atmosphere and suspense, and were meant for a younger audience with short attention spans. Commentators thought the originals had been "gutted".

paragraphs: Thereafter, the books became more respectful of law and authority. Villains no longer smoked or drank, and scenes involving guns and shoot-outs were removed. The boys, too, become more respectful of rules and law: they drove within the speed limit, for example, even in pursuit of a villain. The Hardys became upscale and lost touch with the typical boy who bought their books. They became "members and agents of the adult ruling class, acting on behalf of that ruling class."

paragraphs: New series were launched in the last decades of the 20th century: the Hardy Boys Casefiles in 1987 and the Clues Brothers in 1997. The boys have distinct personalities and carry guns in the Casefiles series. The long-running Hardy Boys Mystery Stories series ended in 2005, and was replaced with "The Hardy Boys: Undercover Brothers". In these books, the boys take turns narrating their adventures, and are given their cases by a secret group called American Teens Against Crime (ATAC). The Hardys were also featured in a graphic novel series (2005), and a chapter book series for early readers called The Hardy Boys: Secret Files (2010).

paragraphs: The Hardy Boys have been called "a cultural touchstone all over the world". The books have been translated into over 25 languages. The books have been continuously in print since 1927. The series was an instant success: by mid-1929 over 115,000 books had been sold, and as of 2008 the books were selling over a million copies a year. The first Hardy Boys book, "The Tower Treasure", sells over 100,000 copies a year. Worldwide, over 70 million copies of Hardy Books have been sold.

paragraphs: The longest-running series of books to feature the Hardy Boys is the Hardy Boys Mystery Stories, sometimes also called the Hardy Boys Mysteries. The series ran from 1927 to 2005 and comprises 190 books. Some consider only the first 58 volumes of this series to be part of the Hardy Boys canon. The Hardy Boys also appeared in 127 volumes of the Casefiles series and are the heroes of the Undercover Brothers series. The Hardy Boys are largely successful because their adventures represent "a victory over anxiety". The series teaches readers that "although the world can be an out-of-control place, good "can" triumph over evil, that the worst problems can be solved if we each do our share and our best to help others."

paragraphs: The various Hardy Boys series offer readers an escape from the everyday world into one of mystery and adventure with two self-controlled, gentlemanly, homosocial, idealized young white males who are the equals of their father (and other men) in intelligence and powers of deduction. Their ignorance of sex, their "squareness" (socially conventional), their respect for the law, and their homosociality have generated parodies such as "The Hardy Boys and the Mystery of Where Babies Come From", "The Secret of the Old Queen: A Hardy Boys Musical", and "A Ghost in the Closet: A Hardly Boys Mystery".


title: Stella McCartney

paragraphs: Stella Nina McCartney, (born 13 September 1971 ) is an English fashion designer. She is the daughter of former Beatles member Sir Paul McCartney and American photographer and animal rights activist Linda McCartney.

paragraphs: McCartney was born at King’s College Hospital in London, England, She is second child of American photographer Linda McCartney and former Beatle Paul McCartney. She is named after her maternal great-grandmothers both of Linda McCartney's grandmothers were named Stella.


title: Chunseong

paragraphs: Chunseong (춘성 ; 春城, March 30, 1891 - August 22, 1977) was a philosopher, Buddhist monk, scholar, poet, and writer from South Korea.


title: Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara

paragraphs: Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara is the UNESCO World Heritage Site in Nara in Nara Prefecture, Japan.

paragraphs: The site covers eight places in the old capital city of Nara. Five are Buddhist temples, one is a Shinto shrine, one is a Palace and one a primeval forest.

paragraphs: Nara was the capital of Japan from 710 to 784. The city's historic structures show what life was like in the Japanese capital in the 8th century.

paragraphs: All of the shrine and temple compounds have been recognized as "Historic Sites". The Nara Palace has been named as a "Special Historic Site". The Kasugayama forest is a Special "Natural Monument".

paragraphs: The several properties include 26 buildings which have been named by the Japanese Government as "National Treasures". Also, there are 53 buildings which have been named as "Important Cultural Properties".

paragraphs: In 1998, UNESCO listed parts of Nara as a World Heritage Site.


title: University of Valparaíso

paragraphs: University of Valparaíso () is a Chilean university. It is part of the Chilean Traditional Universities in Valparaíso.


paragraphs: Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto (Kyoto, Uji and Otsu Cities) is the UNESCO World Heritage Site in Kyoto in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan.

paragraphs: The site covers 17 locations in three cities in Kyoto, in Uji (Kyoto Prefecture) and in Ōtsu (Shiga Prefecture). Three of these places are Shinto shrines and 13 are Buddhist temples. A castle is also included in the group.

paragraphs: Kyoto was Japan's capital city from 794 until the late-19th century. Some of the city's historic structures show what life was like in the capital in those centuries.

paragraphs: The World Heritage Site has 17 properties which were established between the 10th century and the 19th century. Each is representative of the period in which it was built.

paragraphs: The several properties include 38 buildings which have been identified by the Japanese Government as "National Treasures". There are 160 properties which have been named as "Important Cultural Properties". There are 8 gardens which have been recognized as "Special Places of Scenic Beauty". There are 4 designated as "Places of Scenic Beauty".

paragraphs: In 1994, UNESCO listed parts of Kyoto as a World Heritage Site.


title: Vredefort crater

paragraphs: Vredefort crater is the largest "verified" impact crater on Earth. That means we know for certain it was caused by an asteroid or meteorite strike. The crater is in the Free State Province of South Africa.

paragraphs: In 2005, the Vredefort Dome was added to the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites as a natural site of geologic interest.

paragraphs: The asteroid that hit Vredefort was one of the largest ever to strike Earth since the Hadean eon, some four billion years ago. It is thought to have been about 5–10 km (3–6 miles) in diameter.

paragraphs: The crater has a diameter of roughly , larger than the Sudbury Basin and the Chicxulub crater. This makes Vredefort the largest known impact structure on Earth. If the Wilkes Land crater in Antarctica is an impact crater then it is the largest known at diameter.

paragraphs: The Vredefort crater's age is estimated to be 2.023 billion years (± 4 million years) which places it in the Palaeoproterozoic era. It is the second-oldest known crater on Earth, a little less than 300 million years younger than the Suavjärvi crater in Russia. In comparison, it is about 10% older than the Sudbury Basin impact (at 1.849 billion years).

paragraphs: It was originally thought that the crater was formed by a volcanic explosion, but in the mid 1990s evidence showed that it was the site of a huge bolide impact. Telltale shatter cones were discovered in the bed of the nearby Vaal River.

paragraphs: The Vredefort crater site is one of the few multi-ringed impact craters on Earth, although they are more common elsewhere in the Solar System. Perhaps the best-known example is Valhalla crater on Jupiter's moon Callisto, although Earth's Moon has a number as well. Geological processes, such as erosion and plate tectonics, have destroyed most multi-ring craters on Earth.

paragraphs: The nearby Bushveld Igneous Complex (BIC) and Witwatersrand Basin were created during this same period, leading to speculation that the bolide was big and fast enough to cause local volcanism. The BIC is where most of the world's known reserves of platinum group metals (PGMs) are found, while the Witwatersrand basin holds most of the known reserves of gold.

paragraphs: The Vredefort dome in the center of the crater is home to three towns: Parys, Vredefort and Koppies.


title: Chinese Crested Dog

paragraphs: The Chinese crested dog is a hairless dog breed. The breed probably did not actually come from China. It is the most common hairless dog breed. However, some of them do have fur. Other hairless dog breeds are the American Hairless Terrier, Mexican Hairless Dog, Peruvian Hairless Dog, and Hairless Khala. Hairless Chinese cresteds often win the World's Ugliest Dog Contest, which takes place every year in Petaluma, California.

paragraphs: The Chinese crested is a friendly, intelligent animal.


title: Universitat d'Andorra

paragraphs: The University of Andorra ( is a public school of higher education. It was formed in 1997. It is the only university in Andorra. The university has a school of nursing, a school of management and computer science, and a center for online studies.


title: Telephone numbers in Andorra

paragraphs: Telephone numbers in Andorra are six digits, with fixed line numbers beginning with the digits 8 and 7 and mobile telephone numbers with the digits 3, 4 and 6.

paragraphs: Until 17 December 1994, Andorra was part of the French numbering plan, with the prefix 0628. Since 1994, Andorra has its own country code +376.


title: Varicose veins

paragraphs: Varicose veins are a condition in which the veins in the leg area have become enlarged. If veins have become varicose, the leaflets of the valves do not work properly, and in turn, the vein valves themselves won't work. The blood then flows backwards, at which point the veins then start to increase. This condition is most common in superficial veins which involve the legs. The condition not only causes cosmetic troubles, it also creates itching and painful problems.


title: Emblem of Angola

paragraphs: The Emblem of Angola is the national emblem. It shows the recent past of the new nation. There are Marxist pictures.

paragraphs: In the center is a machete and hoe. These show the revolution through which the nation gained independence, and the importance of agricultural workers. Above both emblems is a red star. The red star is often in many socialist images. The rising sun is the normal symbol of a new beginning. The half cog-wheel is for the industrial workers. The half vine of coffee and cotton leaves is for the coffee and cotton industry.

paragraphs: At the bottom is an open book that is for education. A banner reads "Republic of Angola" at the bottom, in Portuguese.


title: Angola Avante

paragraphs: Angola Avante! is the national anthem of Angola. It means "Forward Angola!". Manuel Rui Alves Monteiro wrote the words. Rui Alberto Vieira Dias Mingas wrote the music.

paragraphs: It was started in 1975 after independence from Portugal.


title: Chokwe language

paragraphs: Chokwe is the Bantu language spoken by the Chokwe people. It is used in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola and Zambia. It is a national language of Angola.


title: South Mbundu language

paragraphs: South Mbundu, or Umbundu is a language used by the Southern Mbundu people. They live in the central highlands of Angola. Umbundu is the most widespread Bantu language in Angola. About one third of Angola is the Ovimbundu people.


title: Kimbundu

paragraphs: North Mbundu, or Kimbundu, is one of two Bantu languages called Mbundu (see Umbundu). It is one of the most widely spoken Bantu languages in Angola. It is mostly in the north-west of the country, notably in the Luanda Province, the Bengo Province, the Malanje Province and the Cuanza Norte Province. It is spoken by the Ambundu.


title: Ganguela

paragraphs: Ganguela (pronunciation: gang'ela) or Nganguela is the name of a small ethnic group living in Angola.

paragraphs: All of these people live on agriculture, on the upbreeding of small animals, and from gathering wild fruit, honey and other eatable items. Each group has their own language.


title: Kwanyama

paragraphs: Kwanyama or Oshikwanyama is a national language of Angola and Namibia. It is a dialect of the Ovambo language.


title: Bengo Province

paragraphs: Bengo is a province of Angola. Its capital is Caxito. There are about 450,000 people.

paragraphs: The province is bordered by the provinces of Zaire to the North, Uige to the Northeast, Cuanza Norte to the East, and Cuanza Sul to the South. The Kissama National Park and the Kibinda Forest Reserve are here.


title: Benguela Province

paragraphs: Benguela is a province of Angola. Its capital is Benguela. There are about 600,000 people.


title: Bié Province

paragraphs: Bié is a province of Angola. It is on the Bié Plateau in central part of country. The capital is Kuito. There are about 800,000 people.

paragraphs: The climate of Bié is fresh. The large amount of rainfall makes possible the culture of corn, sugar cane, rice, coffee and peanuts. The ground is one of the most fertile of Angola.

paragraphs: The Cuanza River flows through the province.

paragraphs: Bié was greatly affected by the Civil War. Agriculture stopped in several areas. Some of the rural population fled to the cities. The province capital Kuito was partly destroyed by bombing.


title: Cabinda Province

paragraphs: Cabinda (also spelled Kabinda, formerly Portuguese Congo) is a province of Angola. The capital city is also called Cabinda. The province is divided into four municipalities - Belize, Buco Zau, Cabinda and Landana.

paragraphs: Cabinda is separated from the rest of Angola by a narrow strip of land of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Cabinda is bordered on the north by the Republic of the Congo, and on the west by the Atlantic Ocean.

paragraphs: While the civil war in Angola ended in 2002, there is still fighting in Cabinda.


title: Australian Fossil Mammal Sites (Riversleigh)

paragraphs: Riversleigh in north west Queensland, Australia, is one of the Australian Fossil Mammal Sites listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. The other is the Naracoorte Caves National Park in South Australia. The Riversleigh site is part of the Boodjamulla National Park. The fossil site covers an area of about 100 km².

paragraphs: The fossils that have been found are the remains of ancient mammals, birds and reptiles of Oligocene and Miocene epochs. The site was listed as a World Heritage site in 1994. The fossils at Riversleigh are rare because they are found in soft freshwater limestone which has not been compressed. This means the animal remains retain their three dimensional shape.

paragraphs: Fossils at Riversleigh are found in limestone by lime-rich freshwater pools, and in caves. They are from when the ecosystem was evolving from rich rainforest to semi-arid grassland. Thirty-five fossil bat species have been found at the site, which is the richest in the world. A skull, complete with all its teeth, of a 15 million-year-old monotreme, "Obdurodon dicksoni", shows how this Australia group of animals evolved. Fossil ancestors of the extinct thylacine, "Thylacinus cynocephalus", have also been found at Riversleigh. In 1993, "Nimbadon" skulls were found in newly discovered cave. Scientists think this prehistoric marsupial first appeared about 15 million years ago and died out about 12 million years ago, perhaps from the effects of climate change. Other fossils have shown how the koala has changed in response to Australia's change from rainforest to drier eucalypt forests.


title: Kwikset

paragraphs: Kwikset is an American lock and door hardware manufacturer. Kwikset makes low to medium security residential and light commercial door locks. The Kwikset KW1 keyway is used by many other lock manufacturers. Kwikset recently introduced the SmartKey lock, which allows instant rekeying without removing the lock from the door, and without removing or replacing the core. The SmartKey lock uses the same KW1 key used in other Kwikset locks. The SmartKey lock is more difficult to pick than the standard Kwikset lock, although it is easier to force open.


title: Hiroshima Peace Memorial (Genbaku Dome)

paragraphs: Hiroshima Peace Memorial, also called the Atomic Bomb Dome or , is in central Hiroshima, Japan. It is part of the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park. UNESCO named the dome a World Heritage Site in 1996. The dome is the ruined Hiroshima Prefectural Products Exhibition Hall. It was kept as a memorial to the people who were killed in the atomic bombing of Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. The bombing killed 70,000 people instantly, and another 70,000 died later from the radiation.

paragraphs: Czech architect Jan Letzel designed the building. It was completed in April 1915 and was named the "Hiroshima Prefectural Commercial Exhibition". It was opened to the public in August that year. In 1921 the name was changed to the "Hiroshima Prefectural Products Exhibition Hall". Finally in 1933, the name changed to the "Hiroshima Prefectural Industrial Promotion Hall".

paragraphs: At 8:15 on August 6, 1945, the first atomic bomb to be used in war exploded almost directly above the dome. Everyone inside the building was killed instantly,but the building was not totally destroyed. There was more downward force on the building, but less side-to-side force right under the center of the explosion.

paragraphs: At first, the city planned to tear down the building, but did not because it was not as badly damaged. Some people wanted to remove the building, but others wanted to keep it. The city of Hiroshima was rebuilt around the ruined dome. In 1966 the city said that it planned to keep the building. As of July 2011, two construction projects kept the Dome from falling.

paragraphs: In December 1996, UNESCO added the A-Bomb Dome to the World Heritage List. Not everyone supported this decision. The United States did not join the decision. China said that the monument could take attention away from the countries that were victims of Japan during the war. Many more people died because of Japanese attacks in those countries. The United States said that having a memorial to a war site would not tell the whole history of the bombing.


title: Elisha Cuthbert

paragraphs: Elisha Cuthbert (born November 30, 1982) is a Canadian actress. She was born in Calgary, Alberta. She grew up in Greenfield Park, Quebec.

paragraphs: Cuthbert played Kim Bauer in "24". She starred as the title character in "The Girl Next Door". She played one of the main characters in the sitcom "Happy Endings". She was on the 2013 TV series "24/7". Cuthbert played Lizzy on the 2015 tv sitcom "One Big Happy".


title: The Italian Job

paragraphs: The Italian Job is a 1969 British comedy-drama crime movie. It is about a gang of British criminals who rob an armoured van of its gold cargo in Turin, Italy. It stars Michael Caine, Noel Coward and Benny Hill. It was written by Troy Kennedy Martin and directed by Peter Collinson.


title: Cuando Cubango Province

paragraphs: Cuando Cubango is a province of Angola. There are about 140,000 people. Menongue is the capital of the province.

paragraphs: The name of the province is from the Cuando and Cubango rivers. They both flow through the province.

paragraphs: This area had the endangered Painted Hunting Dog. The land was destroyed during the Cuban intervention years. The Painted Hunting Dog is no longer there.

paragraphs: In the 1980s and 1990s, Cuando Cubango was the main base camp of Angola's UNITA rebel movement.


title: Cuanza Norte Province

paragraphs: Cuanza Norte or Kwanza Norte is a province of Angola. N'Dalantando is the capital. There are about 400,000people. The Capanda Dam is in this province. Cuanza Norte is on the northern bank of the Cuanza River.


title: Cuanza Sul Province

paragraphs: Cuanza Sul is a province of Angola. There are 1 881 873 people (2014). Sumbe is the capital. Cuanza Sul is on the south bank of the Cuanza River.


title: Cunene Province

paragraphs: Cunene is a province of Angola. There are about 200,000 to 300,000 people. Ondjiva is the capital. It is the only city in this province. Cunene is north of the Cunene River.


title: Salmacis

paragraphs: In Greek mythology, Salmacis was a naiad nymph of a spring at Caria in Asia Minor. She didn't follow the other nymphs of the goddess Diana and united bodies with Hermaphroditus becoming a single being, both male and female.

paragraphs: ""There dwelt a Nymph, not up for hunting or archery:"

paragraphs: "unfit for footraces. She the only Naiad not in Diana’s band."

paragraphs: "Often her sisters would say: “Pick up a javelin, or"

paragraphs: "bristling quiver, and interrupt your leisure for the chase!"

paragraphs: "But she would not pick up a javelin or arrows,"

paragraphs: "Instead she would bathe her beautiful limbs and tend to her hair,"

paragraphs: According to Ovid's myth, she fell in love with Hermaphroditus, the son of Hermes and Aphrodite. When he bathed in her spring, she embraced him and prayed to the gods to be united with him forever, the gods heard her prayer and merged their bodies together, transforming Hermaphroditus into an androgynous being. Hermaphroditus then cursed the spring of Salmacis, so that any man who drank or bathed in its water would also become androgynous.


title: Huambo Province

paragraphs: Huambo is a province of Angola. There are about 1.9 million people in the province. The capital is also called Huambo. Huambo is the richest agricultural province in Angola.


title: Huíla Province

paragraphs: Huíla is a province of Angola. There are about 700,000 people. Lubango is the capital. The Bicuari National Park is in Huíla Province.


title: Luanda Province

paragraphs: Luanda is a province of Angola. There were 1,823,282 people in 2006. Luanda is the capital of the province and the country.


paragraphs: Historic Monuments and Sites of Hiraizumi is the UNESCO World Heritage Site in Hiraizumi in Iwate Prefecture, Japan.

paragraphs: The site covers 5 locations. Four of these places are Buddhist temples. The sacred Mount Kinkeisan is also included in the group The properties and their buffer zones are covered by a range of Japanese government protections as historic sites and places of scenic beauty.

paragraphs: Hiraizumi was an important political, military, commercial, and cultural centre from the late-11th century until the late 12th-century. This time was marked by the building and endowment of Buddhist temples, art and gardens.

paragraphs: Pure Land Buddhism developed a concept of planning and garden design that was unique to Japan.

paragraphs: The four Pure Land gardens of Hiraizumi show the ideals of Pure Land Buddhism. The gardens also show Japanese concepts about the relationship between gardens, water and the surrounding landscape.

paragraphs: The four gardens were developed by the Ōshū Fujiwara clan. The poet Matsuo Bashō was inspired by this Fujiwara legacy. In 1689, Bashō wrote: "Three generations of glory vanished in the space of a dream ..."

paragraphs: In 2011, UNESCO listed parts of Hiraizumi as a World Heritage Site.


title: Lunda Norte Province

paragraphs: Lunda Norte is a province of Angola. There are about 850,000 people. Angola's first President, Agostino Neto, made Lucapa the capital after independence. It was later moved to Dundo. The province is rich in diamonds, but is underdeveloped and poor.


title: Lunda Sul Province

paragraphs: Lunda Sul is a province of Angola. There are about 125,000 people. Saurimo is the capital. This region has many diamonds.


title: Malanje Province

paragraphs: Malanje is a province of Angola. There are about 900,000 people. Malanje is the capital of the province. The Milando Reserve Park is also here.


title: Moxico Province

paragraphs: Moxico is the largest province of Angola. There are about 230,000 people. Luena is the capital of the province. The Cameia National Park is here.


title: Namibe Province

paragraphs: Namibe is a province of Angola. It was called Moçâmedes when under Portuguese rule. There were 313,667people in 2006. The port and city of Namibe is the capital. Iona National Park is also located there.

paragraphs: Late Cretaceous fossils of sharks, turtles, mosasaurs, plesiosaurs and sauropods were found near the Bentiaba desert.


title: Uíge Province

paragraphs: Uíge (pronounced: "Weej"), is one of the eighteen provinces of Angola. It is in the northwestern part of the country. The capital city is Uíge. There are 500,000 people. The Beu Forest Reserve is in the province.

paragraphs: The province was badly damaged during the long civil war. Many buildings were destroyed. Many people had to move.


title: Zaire Province

paragraphs: Zaire is one of the 18 provinces of Angola. It is in the north west of the country. There are about 600,000 people. M'Banza Kongo is the capital of the province.


title: Caxito

paragraphs: Caxito is a town and commune in Angola. It is the capital of Bengo Province.

paragraphs: The northern line of Angolan Railways passes through.


title: Benguela

paragraphs: Benguela (São Felipe de Benguela, formerly spelled "Benguella") is a city in western Angola. It is the capital of Benguela Province. Benguela is one of Angola's largest cities.


title: Kuito

paragraphs: Kuito (also spelled Cuito) is a city in central Angola. It is the capital of Bié Province.


title: Cabinda (city)

paragraphs: Cabinda is the capital of the Cabinda Province in Angola. It is called Tchiowa by the Cabindans. The city was first started by the Portuguese for slave trade. There are many offshore oil reserves nearby.


title: Menongue

paragraphs: Menongue is a town and municipality in Cuando Cubango Province in Angola. It is also the capital of the province. It is the end of the southern railway from Namibe.


title: Teenage pregnancy

paragraphs: Teenage pregnancy is a situation which involves female adolescents. A teenage female is a female between 13 to 21 in age. But sometimes preteens (people under 13) can become pregnant as well. The fact that teenagers become pregnant is related to many factors. These are related to the specific situation of the teenager, and the group that she interacts with. The rates of teenage pregnancy vary from country to country and are related to differences of sexual activities, the general sex education and contraceptives being available. Teen pregnancy will sometimes involve low birth weight. Social matters also play a role: Often, the teenager grew up in poverty. She also often has a lower level of general education. Pregnancy in teenagers in the developed world usually occurs outside of marriage. The lowest levels of teenage pregnancy are in Japan and South Korea. Teenage pregnancies are common among Romani people. Bulgaria and Romania have the highest teenage pregnancy rate in Europe.

paragraphs: Teenage pregnancies have a number of problems:

paragraphs: A large cause of teenage pregnancy is a lack of education about sex and pregnancy. The first to be blamed are schools and teachers, but the real starting point should be from within the family. Sometimes parents might think talking about sex is inappropriate or that it is automatically encouraging their children to have sex, so they avoid talking about it entirely. This leaves kids with information only from their peers, which often includes pressure to engage in sex acts to meet social standards. Parents should realize that in attempting to protect their children from the reality of human sexuality they are causing more harm than good. Open discussion about sex in a safe, nonjudgmental environment is essential to helping minors make educated decisions about sex. Pediatricians also take it upon themselves to make up for the information that has not been properly communicated to teens, and continually recognize better education as the key to helping reduce teen pregnancy.

paragraphs: <link rel="mw:PageProp/Category" href="./Category:Biological_reproduction" />


title: Bandō, Ibaraki

paragraphs: The old city of Iwai and the town of Sashima joined together on March 22, 2005 to become a solo city Bandō.


title: The Amazing Spider-Man (2012 movie)

paragraphs: The Amazing Spider-Man is a 2012 movie by Marvel Entertainment and Columbia Pictures. It stars Andrew Garfield and Emma Stone. It is a reboot of the Spider-Man motion picture series. It was released in the United States on July 3, 2012. It is about Peter Parker in high school while his super powers are evolving. A sequel, "The Amazing Spider-Man 2", was released in 2014.


title: Sudbury Basin

paragraphs: The Sudbury Basin is a major geologic structure in Ontario, Canada. It is the second-largest verified impact crater on Earth, as well as one of the oldest.

paragraphs: The basin is on the Canadian Shield in the city of Greater Sudbury, Ontario. The Sudbury Basin is referred to locally as "The Valley". The urban core of the former city of Sudbury lies on the southern outskirts of the basin.

paragraphs: The Sudbury Basin is near a number of other geological structures. None of the structures are directly related to each other in the sense of coming from the same geophysical processes.

paragraphs: The Sudbury basin was formed by a strike from a bolide about in diameter. It occurred 1.849 billion years ago in the Palaeoproterozoic era.

paragraphs: Debris from the impact was scattered over an area of and traveled over away — rock fragments ejected by the impact have been found as far as Minnesota.

paragraphs: With such a large impact, debris was most likely scattered globally, but has since been worn away. Its present size is believed to be a smaller portion of a round crater that the bolide originally created.

paragraphs: Subsequent geological processes have deformed the crater into the current smaller oval shape. Sudbury Basin would then be the second-largest crater on Earth, after the Vredefort crater in South Africa, and larger than the Chicxulub crater in Yucatán, Mexico.

paragraphs: The full extent of the Sudbury Basin is long, wide and deep, although the modern ground surface is much shallower.


title: Ladbroke Grove rail crash

paragraphs: The Ladbroke Grove rail crash was a railway accident outside Paddington station, Ladbroke Grove, in London, on 5 October 1999, in the early morning. It involved 2 trains, one run by Thames Trains, the other by First Great Western.

paragraphs: A train run by Thames Trains left London Paddington railway station for Bedwyn in Wiltshire at 08:06am.

paragraphs: It was a "Thames Turbo", painted in Network SouthEast colours and made up of 3 carriages.

paragraphs: At Ladbroke Grove Junction, trains switched onto the usual route, one track for trains away from London, the other for trains to London.

paragraphs: It should have stopped at a red signal and waited until it could do this safely, but it failed to stop at the signal (called a Signal Passed at Danger or SPAD).

paragraphs: It collided nearly head on with a train run by First Great Western from Cheltenham Spa in Gloucestershire, after the signal that was changed failed to stop the train.

paragraphs: The train was a diesel High Speed Train, with 8 coaches and two locomotives, one at each end.

paragraphs: The front two coaches of the Thames Turbo were completely destroyed, and the front locomotive of the High Speed Train was badly damaged.

paragraphs: The diesel fuel in the Thames Turbo was scattered as a result and caught fire, which caused separate fires to burn in the wreckage, especially in Coach H of the High Speed Train which was completely burned by the fire.

paragraphs: The drivers of both trains were killed in the crash. Altogether, 31 people died: 24 people on the Thames Turbo and 6 people on the High Speed Train were killed by the crash itself, while another person was killed by the fire. 523 people were injured, of which 227 were taken to hospital. The remaining 296 people were treated where the crash happened.

paragraphs: The immediate cause was the Thames Turbo failing to stop at a red signal at Ladbroke Grove Junction. A signal before it was amber, which should have prepared the driver for the red signal. Because the driver was killed, it was hard to find out why he did not stop at the signal. An inquiry was held in 2000 by Lord Cullen, one year later.

paragraphs: Lord Cullen took note of the fact that the railway line in London Paddington was prone to trains failing to stop at the same red signal that the Thames Turbo passed.

paragraphs: One reason for the driver not stopping was that it was difficult for him to see the signal. It was very early in the morning and the sun was very low in the sky. This made the amber signal difficult to notice. Overhead power lines had been put up for the Heathrow Express to run, which obscured the signals even more.

paragraphs: The crash also happened shortly after the Thames Turbo driver had qualified, after his 2 weeks of training. The trainer did not tell him about the signal and later claimed that he was "not there to teach the routes" and was "totally there to teach how to drive a Turbo". Thames Trains also had no standardised test system for drivers, and no clear pass or fail criteria. The driver had been in the Navy and had little experience on the railways, and had qualified 13 days earlier than British Rail drivers did (British Rail also did not allow new drivers to drive on difficult routes such as the Great Western Main Line between London and Bristol, on which this accident happened, until they got experience on easier routes).

paragraphs: Another reason was that the Thames Turbo had been fitted with a safety system called ATP (automatic train protection), which would have stopped the train if it failed to stop at a red signal, but it was switched off. The High Speed Train's ATP was also off. Although it was recommended after a rail crash at Clapham Junction many years earlier, it had proved annoying in the past and no company required its trains to have it working and switched on.

paragraphs: On 5 April 2004, Thames Trains was fined £2 million for breaching Health & Safety laws in connection with the crash.

paragraphs: On 31 October 2006, 7 years and 26 days after the crash, Network Rail pleaded guilty to charges under the Health & Safety at Work act 1974, was fined £4 million and ordered to pay a further £225,000.

paragraphs: Both the front locomotive of the High Speed Train and the Thames Turbo were written off. The back carriage of the Thames Turbo, however, is now a spare part.

paragraphs: A memorial garden was created next to the Great Western Main Line near Paddington station, near the car park of a Sainsbury's supermarket.


title: Thames Trains

paragraphs: Thames Trains was a British train operator under franchise running a mixture of short and long distance trains around the Thames Valley. Its services were centered around Reading and ran in the area surrounded by Oxford, Gatwick Airport, Guildford, London, Basingstoke, Worcester, Hereford and Stratford-upon-Avon. It was started when British Rail was privatised and Network SouthEast was broken up. In 2004 it was replaced by First Great Western Link, which was merged with First Great Western and Wessex Trains after 2 years, forming a "Greater Western" franchise.

paragraphs: Thames Trains ran one of the Trains involved in the Ladbroke Grove Rail Crash in 1999, three years after it was started.


title: Freeport, Bahamas

paragraphs: Freeport is a city, district and free trade zone on the island of Grand Bahama. It is in North-west Bahamas. In 1955, Wallace Groves, a Virginian financier, was given 50,000 acres (or 202 km) of pineyard with swamp and scrubland areas by the Bahamian government. They were asked to develop the area economically. Freeport has grown and is now the second most populous city in the Bahamas. The main airport in Freeport is the Grand Bahama International Airport. The Grand Bahama Port Authority (GBPA) runs the free trade zone, under the Hawksbill Creek Agreement signed in August 1955. There, the Bahamian Government agreed that businesses in the Freeport area will pay no taxes before 2054. The area of the land grants has been increased to 138,000 acres (or 526 km).


title: Grand Bahama International Airport

paragraphs: Grand Bahama International Airport (GBIA) is a privately owned international airport. It is in Freeport, Bahamas. The airport is a joint venture between Hutchison Port Holdings (HPH) and The Port Group (or the Grand Bahama Port Authority). It also has of land. This adjoins it to the Freeport Harbour Company Limited. So, they work as one body, known as the Sea Air Business Centre (SABC).

paragraphs: Grand Bahama International Airport is one of two Bahamian airports that has US border preclearance facilities.

paragraphs: The airport has a runway. It can handle the largest aircraft in service. It is quite close to all major cities of the Eastern Seaboard of the United States.


title: Florida's Turnpike

paragraphs: Florida's Turnpike (TPK), designated as the Ronald Reagan Turnpike is a north–south toll road. It was originally called Sunshine State Parkway. The road runs through 11 counties in the Florida peninsula. It starts from U.S. Route 1 in Florida City, running through Miami, Fort Lauderdale. At West Palm Beach, it runs parallel to Interstate 95, and then in Orlando, it crosses Interstate 4, to its northern end at Interstate 75 near Wildwood.

paragraphs: The Turnpike itself has two sections. The first is the Mainline, a route from the Golden Glades Interchange (north of Miami) to Wildwood. This has the hidden designation of State Road 91 (SR 91). It was opened in stages between 1957 and 1964. The second is the long Homestead Extension of Florida's Turnpike (HEFT). This was completed in 1974. Its hidden designation is State Road 821 (SR 821). This runs from Florida City (near Homestead) through the suburbs to the west and north of Miami, connecting to the Mainline four miles (6 km) north of the Golden Glades Interchange. Florida's Turnpike is considered one of the busiest highways in the country (according to the IBBTA, the highway is the nation's 3rd most heavily traveled toll road).


title: Hala'ib Triangle

paragraphs: The Hala'ib Triangle (مثلث حلايب in Arabic, transliterated Muthāllath Ḥalāʾib) is an area of land measuring located on the Red Sea's African coast. The area, which is named after the town of Hala'ib, is created by the difference in the Egypt–Sudan border between the "political boundary" set in 1899 by the Anglo-Egyptian Condominium, which runs along the 22nd parallel north, and the "administrative boundary" set by the British in 1902, which gave an area of land north of the line to Sudan. When Sudan became independent in 1956, both Egypt and Sudan claimed sovereignty over the area. After Egypt sent military units to the Hala'ib Triangle in the 1990s, Egypt has controlled the area as part of the Red Sea Governorate, and has been actively investing in it.

paragraphs: The area is not shaped like a triangle—it is actually a complicated polygon. Only the southern border is a straight line. A smaller area, called Bir Tawil, touches the Hala'ib Triangle at its westernmost point. Bir Tawil is not claimed by either Sudan or Egypt.

paragraphs: In Egypt, the Hala'ib Triangle is sometimes called the "Sudan Government Administration Area" or SGAA.


title: Daniel Stern

paragraphs: Daniel Stern (born August 1957) is an American television and movie actor. He has starred in movies with many genres, including "Home Alone", a movie from 1990 and it's 1992 sequel. Stern was born in Bethesda, Maryland. Stern is currently married to Laure Mattos since 1981, they have 3 children.


title: David Cone

paragraphs: David Cone (born 2 January 1963 in Kansas City, Missouri, U.S.) is a retired Major League Baseball pitcher. He played for many teams including the New York Yankees.


title: Cesarean section

paragraphs: A Cesarean section (often called a C-section) is a kind of surgery, which is usually done to make childbirth easier. In the past, this was done when there was a great risk to the health of the mother, or when normal childbirth through the vagina was not possible. More recently, it has also been done on request, without these reasons. In very rare cases, abortions are performed using this procedure, these are called Hysterotomy abortions. The first person to perform a modern Cesarean section was Ferdinand Adolf Kehrer, in 1881. In Latin, it is called "Sectio caesarea", in English, the spelling Caesarean section also exists.

paragraphs: The rate of babies delivered through Cesarean section varies: It is at a record level of 46% in China; levels of 25% and above are common in many Asian and European countries, Latin America, and the United States.

paragraphs: From about the 6th century, there was Roman law that stated that a living foetus may not be buried with the mother, The Digest notes this to be a "lex regia". If this were the case, it would date from the time around 700 BC, when there were Roman kings.


title: Waheed Murad

paragraphs: Waheed Murad () (October 2, 1938 – November 23, 1983) was a Pakistani movie actor. Waheed is considered to be one of the most influential actors of subcontinent. He was born in Karachi, Pakistan. and was the only child of movie distributor Nisar Murad. Waheed got his early education from Karachi Grammar School in Karachi.

paragraphs: One of his blockbuster movies is "Armaan". Once, in an interview, he said, "Dilip Kumar, too, is not an immortal actor".

paragraphs: In November 2010, 27 years after his death, Pakistani president Asif Zardari awarded him the "Sitara-e-Imtiaz".

paragraphs: Waheed Murad is thought to be one of the first "Rock n' Roll" stars of Pakistan. Due to his romantic and subtle style of acting, he became well known as the 'Chocolate Hero' and 'Lady Killer'. His haircut, dressing style and even the way he talked were very popular with the youth.


title: Sumbe

paragraphs: Sumbe (pre-1975: Novo Redondo) is a city in west central Angola. It is the capital of Cuanza Sul Province. There are 26,000 people.


title: Ondjiva

paragraphs: Ondjiva (pre-1975: "Pereira d'Eça") is a town in southern Angola. It is the capital of Cunene Province.


title: Huambo

paragraphs: Huambo, formerly "Nova Lisboa" ("New Lisbon" in Portuguese), is the capital of Huambo Province in Angola. The city is about 220 km E from Benguela and 600 km SE from Luanda. The city is the second largest in Angola, after the capital city, Luanda. It has the Albano Machado Airport.

paragraphs: The name Huambo comes from Wambu. Wambu was one of the 14 old Ovimbundu kingdoms of the central Angolan plateau.


title: Lubango

paragraphs: Lubango is the capital city of Huíla in Angola. There are 100,757 people. Until 1975, the city's name was Sá da Bandeira.

paragraphs: During the Angolan Civil War (1975–2002), Lubango was a major base of Cuban, SWAPO.

paragraphs: Lubango's economy is based on agriculture.


title: Lucapa

paragraphs: Lucapa is a town in eastern Angola. It is the capital of Lunda Norte Province.

paragraphs: The number of people who live here is hard to determine. This is because civil war caused a lot of people to move.


title: Saurimo

paragraphs: Saurimo (pre-1975: "Henrique de Carvalho") is a town in northeastern Angola. It is the capital of the Lunda Sul Province. There are about 200,000 people. The number of people has gotten bigger because migrants are running from areas hurt by the civil war.


title: Malanje

paragraphs: Malanje (also Malange) is the capital city of Malanje Province in Angola. There are 222,000 people. Nearby is the beautiful Calandula waterfalls, 85 km from the city. Pedras Negras de Pungo Andongo are large black rocks. The greatest dam in the country is in Malanje.


title: Out of the Game

paragraphs: Out of the Game is the seventh album by Rufus Wainwright.


title: Luena, Moxico Province

paragraphs: Luena (pre-1975: Vila Luso) is a town in east central Angola. It is the capital of Moxico Province. There are between 60,000 to 200,000 people. No one knows for sure because of refugees from the Angolan Civil War.


title: Namibe

paragraphs: Namibe (pre-1985: "Moçâmedes") is a coastal town in Angola. It is the capital of Namibe Province. It was formed in 1840 by the Portuguese rulers of the territory. There were 132,900 people in 2004. Namibe has a cool dry climate. There are desert plants because it is close to the Namib Desert. It is one of Angola's 3 major ports, Along with Luanda and Lobito it is one of Angola's 3 major ports. Namibe has the Namibe Airport.


title: Uíge

paragraphs: Uíge (briefly Carmona) is a town in northwestern Angola. It is the capital of Uíge Province. There are 119,815. people. When Portuguese were there in the 1950s, it was a major center for coffee production.


title: M'banza-Kongo

paragraphs: M'banza-Kongo (known as "São Salvador" in Portuguese from 1570 to 1975), is a town in northwesternAngola. It is the capital of Zaire Province. In the valley to the south is the Luezi River.

paragraphs: M'banza-Kongo was once the home of the Manikongo, the ruler of the Kingdom of Kongo.


title: West Africa Time

paragraphs: West Africa Time, or WAT, is a time zone used in west-central Africa.

paragraphs: West Africa Time is used by the following countries:


title: White-cheeked antbird

paragraphs: The white-cheeked antbird ("Gymnopithys leucaspis") is a species of bird in the Thamnophilidae family. It is sometimes called the bicolored antbird.

paragraphs: It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, and Peru. Its natural habitat is on tropical and moist forests.


title: President of Angola

paragraphs: The President of the Republic of Angola is both head of state and head of government in Angola. The President picked a Prime Minister. Most of the decisions are made by the President.

paragraphs: Angola started having a President when they got independence from Portugal. Agostinho Neto was the first President.

paragraphs: In January 2010 the National Assembly decided the party with the most seats in the Assembly would become president. It was no longer a public vote. They also decided there would not be a Prime Minister. Instead the job will be done by the vice-president.


title: William John Swainson

paragraphs: William John Swainson, Fellow of the Linnean Society and Fellow of the Royal Society (8 October 1789 – 6 December 1855), was an English ornithologist, malacologist, entomologist and artist.

paragraphs: Swainson was born in Dover Place, St. Mary Newington, London. He was the eldest son of John Timothy Swainson, who was also of the Linnean Society. William worked at the Liverpool Customs when he was 14. He studied the ichthyology of western Sicily. In 1815, he returned to England because he became ill.

paragraphs: In 1816 he went with the explorer Henry Koster to Brazil. They did not spend a long time on shore because of a revolution. However, Swainson brought to England over 20,000 insects, 1,200 species of plants, drawings of 120 species of fish, and about 760 bird skins.

paragraphs: As with many Victorian scientists, Swainson was also a member of many societies. He was elected as a fellow to the Royal Society after his return from Brazil on 14 December 1820. In 1823, he married his first wife Mary Parkes, and had four sons and a daughter. His wife died in 1835.

paragraphs: Swainson re-married in 1840 to Ann Grasby, and emigrated to New Zealand in 1841. He died at Fern Grove, Lower Hutt, New Zealand, on 7 December 1855.

paragraphs: Many birds were named after William Swainson.


title: José Eduardo dos Santos

paragraphs: José Eduardo dos Santos (born August 28, 1942) is an Angolan politician. From 1979 until 2017, he was the President of Angola. As President, dos Santos was also the commander in chief of the Angolan Armed Forces. After leaving the presidency, dos Santos remained leader of the People’s Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA).


title: Vice President of Angola

paragraphs: The Vice President of Angola is the second highest political position in Angola. It is the deputy head of state.

paragraphs: Bornito de Sousa is the current Vice President. He started in September 2017.


title: Fernando da Piedade Dias dos Santos

paragraphs: Fernando da Piedade Dias dos Santos (born 5 March 1950), known as Nandó, is an Angolan politician. He was Vice-President of Angola from 18 February 2010 until 26 September 2012. He was the Prime Minister of Angola from 2002 to 2008. He was President of the National Assembly of Angola from 2008 to 2010.

paragraphs: He is a cousin of José Eduardo dos Santos.


title: Angolan War of Independence

paragraphs: The Angolan War of Independence was from 1961 to 1975. Angola fought against Portugal. Portugal was making people in Angola farm cotton. Three different groups in Angola were against Portugal. Agostinho Neto was the leader of the war. Portugal was winning the war when the country's government became democratic. An agreement was signed to let Angola become independent.

paragraphs: About three thousand people died because of the war.


title: Monogamy

paragraphs: Monogamy (; "monos+gamos" meaning "one+marriage") is a form of marriage in which a person or animal has only one spouse at any one time.

paragraphs: The word "monogamy" comes from the Greek words "μονός", "monos" which means one or alone, and "γάμος", "gamos" which means marriage.


title: Angolan Civil War

paragraphs: The Angolan Civil War was a major civil war in the African country of Angola. It started in 1975 and continued until 2002. The war began right after Angola became independent from Portugal in November 1975. The Civil War was mostly a fight for power between two former liberation movements, the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA). In 2002 the MPLA won.

paragraphs: About 500,000 people died in the war. The war also did a lot of damage to buildings in Angola. Because of all the damage, in 2003 80% of Angolans lacked access to basic medical care, 60% lacked access to water, and 30% of Angolan children would die before the age of 5, with an overall national life expectancy of less than 40 years of age.


title: Formicariidae

paragraphs: The Formicariidae or ground antbirds are a family of small passerine birds. They live in subtropical and tropical Central and South America. They are between 10 and 20 cm (4–8 in) in length.

paragraphs: These are forest birds that tend to eat insects at or near the ground. Many are specialist ant eaters. Note that the term "antbird" is for another family of birds, the Thamnophilidae.


title: Telephone numbers in Angola

paragraphs: Telephone numbers in Angola are 9 digits long.


title: Tyche

paragraphs: Tyche, also known as Tuch, was the goddess of destiny in Greek mythology. She controlled the good and bad of fortune and prosperity of a city. Her name means "luck" in Greek. She is often represented wearing a mural crown. This is crown like the walls of a city. She is often carrying a large horn with all her wealth and richness in it that she sometimes spreads to others. She is a daughter of Oceanus and Tethys, according to Greek poet Hesiod.

paragraphs: Tyche is one of the Oceanids. Oceanids are the daughters of the Titans Tethys and Okeanos. The story of the Oceanids is told in the Theogony by Greek poet Hesiod. Tyche and her sister Eudora stand for a joining of bounty and luck.


title: Angolan kwanza

paragraphs: The kwanza (sign: Kz; ISO 4217 code: AOA) is the currency of Angola. There have been four different types of kwanza used since 1977.


title: Charles Sibley

paragraphs: Charles Gald Sibley (August 7, 1917 – April 12, 1998) was an American ornithologist and molecular biologist. He had a big influence on the scientific classification of birds.

paragraphs: Sibley's taxonomy was a major influence on many organizations, such as the American Ornithologists' Union.


title: Jon Edward Ahlquist

paragraphs: Jon Edward Ahlquist is an American molecular biologist and ornithologist. He has worked with Charles Sibley, mostly at Yale University.

paragraphs: By 1987, both Ahlquist and Sibley had left Yale. In 1988, Ahlquist and Sibley were awarded the Daniel Giraud Elliot Medal. In January 1991 (often listed as 1990), Charles Sibley and Ahlquist published "Phylogeny and Classification of Birds", which presented a new phylogeny for birds based on the DNA. In 1999, Ahlquist was retired (Ahlquist, 1999).


title: Blue Thunder

paragraphs: Blue Thunder is a 1983 American action thriller movie. In it stars Roy Scheider and Daniel Stern as LAPD cops. The movie is about a futuristic helicopter which has unusual capability.


title: Honors music

paragraphs: The honors music is music played at formal times in the presence of the person, office-holder, or rank-holder. It is usually played by a military band. The head of state in many countries is honored with music. In some countries the national anthem is used. Some countries have a separate royal anthem or presidential anthem.

paragraphs: Countries where the national anthem is also the royal anthem include Malaysia, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norfolk Island, Spain, and the United Kingdom. The Jamaican National Anthem is played for the Governor-General of Jamaica.

paragraphs: Countries with special honors music are:

paragraphs: Instances of honors music other than the relevant national anthem include the following:


title: Fair Antigua, We Salute Thee

paragraphs: "Fair Antigua, We Salute Thee" is the national anthem of Antigua and Barbuda. Novelle Hamilton Richards wrote the words. Walter Garnet Picart Chambers wrote the music. The country started using in on independence in 1981. God Save the Queen is still the Royal anthem.


title: Flag of Antigua and Barbuda

paragraphs: The national flag of Antigua and Barbuda was started on February 27, 1967. It was designed by artist and sculptor, Sir Reginald Samuel. The rising sun is for the dawning of a new era. The colours have different meanings. The black is for the African ancestry of the people. The blue is for hope. The red is for energy or dynamism of the people. The colouring of yellow, blue, and white (from the sun down) is for the sun, sea, and sand. The blue also is for the Caribbean Sea. The V-shape is the symbol of victory.