title: The Music Man

paragraphs: The Music Man is a 1957 musical written by Meridith Willson. It won a Tony Award for Best Musical. In its original run, it starred Robert Preston, Barbara Cook, David Burns, Pert Kelton and Iggie Wolfington. Two movies have been made of it, in 1962 and 2003. It was also revived several times.

paragraphs: Harold Hill, a con man, goes to River City, Iowa and tries to make money by starting a boy's band. He is helped by sidekick Marcellus Washburne. Most of the town is taken in by him, including Winthrop Paroo, a boy with a lisp. Hill also forms the school board into a barbershop quartet and organizes a lady's dance society led by town busybody Eulalie Shinn. However, some people are suspicious of him. One of these people is Mayor Shinn, who owns the pool hall that Hill blames for the serious trouble River City is in. The other is music teach and librarian Marian Paroo. Hill tries to woo Marian, but has no luck.

paragraphs: In the second act, it's looking good for Hill. He is actually getting somewhere with Marian, and it looks as though he will be able to collect his money and get out of town. However, anvil salesman Charlie Cowell shows up and exposes him during the summer sociable. Hill tries to leave, but he cannot because he is too in love with Marian. Hill is arrested and is almost tarred and feathered before being forced to conduct the band. Though the band is not very good, the townspeople are still very proud of it and let Hill go.

paragraphs: These are the order the musical numbers appear in the musical:

paragraphs: In the 1962 movie, Preston reprised his role as Harold Hill (this after Cary Grant turned it down). It also had Shirley Jones as Marian, Buddy Hackett as Marcellus, Hermione Gingold as Eulalie, Paul Ford as Mayor Shinn, and Ron Howard as Winthrop. The movie is very similar to the musical, except that it replaces the song "My White Knight" with "Being in Love".

paragraphs: In 2003, a movie version of the musical was made starring Matthew Broderick as Harold Hill and Kristin Chenoweth as Marian Paroo.


title: Otto von Habsburg

paragraphs: Otto von Hasburg (20 November 1912—4 July 2011), full name Franz Joseph Otto Robert Maria Anton Karl Max Heinrich Sixtus Xavier Felix Renatus Ludwig Gaetan Pius Ignatius von Habsburg, was the last Crown Prince of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. His father, Charles, was the Emperor of Austria and the King of Hungary. The murder of his great uncle, Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria was the event that led to the start of World War I. His family fled Austria in 1919 after the war.

paragraphs: During World War II he opposed the Nazis and Nazi Germany's takeover over Austria. Adolf Hitler ordered him to be put to death, but Habsburg left France and spent the war in the USA. Habsburg gave up his claim to the throne in 1961, and was allowed to return to Austria five years later. He was a member of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria and became a member of the European Parliament and pushed to get the former communist countries of Eastern Europe allowed into the European Union.

paragraphs: He was buried in the Imperial Tomb in Vienna, but his heart was buried at an abbey near Budapest, Hungary, as part of a tradition that goes back to medieval times.

paragraphs: During his lifetime he was also known as Achduke Otto of Austria.


title: Guardian Media Group

paragraphs: Guardian Media Group plc (GMG) is a company in the United Kingdom that owns various mass media businesses including "The Guardian" and "The Observer". GMG is owned by the Scott Trust. It began as the Manchester Guardian Ltd in 1907 when C. P. Scott bought the "Manchester Guardian" from his cousin Edward Taylor. It became the Manchester Guardian and Evening News Ltd when it bought the "Manchester Evening News" in 1924, later becoming the "Guardian and Manchester Evening News Ltd" after the change in the morning paper's name. It became the Scott Trust in 1993.

paragraphs: GMG has many parts to it business: Guardian News & Media (the "Guardian", the "Observer"); GMG Radio (regional radio stations under the Smooth, Real, and Rock Radio brands); Trader Media Group (the Auto Trader magazine and website), which it owns jointly with private equity firm Apax); GMG Property Services (estate agency software providers Vebra and Core, lettings software provider CFP Software, graphic design consultancy The Media Design House and consumer portal ThinkProperty.com); and Emap, the B2B events, data and publishing company, also jointly owned with Apax.

paragraphs: Guardian Media Group exists to support the main business of its owner, the Scott Trust: to keep the financial and editorial independence of the Guardian forever.

paragraphs: In March 2007 GMG sold 49.9% of Trader Media Group to Apax Partners, in a deal that valued Trader Media Group at £1.35 billion. In December 2007 GMG and Apax made a successful bid to buy Emap for around £1 billion.

paragraphs: In February 2010, the group sold its GMG Regional Media division (consisting of two companies MEN Media and S&B Media which operated 31 local and regional newspaper titles) to Trinity Mirror plc for £44.8 million. The sale ended the historic connection between "The Guardian" and the "Manchester Evening News". The Manchester TV channel, Channel M, and two newspapers in Woking were not included in the sale.


title: Carl Ferdinand Cori

paragraphs: Carl Ferdinand Cori (5 December, 1896 — 20 October, 1984) was an Czech doctor. He won the 1947 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, along with his wife Gerty Cori and Bernardo Houssay, for discovering the way the body processed glycogen and sugar.


title: West End, Washington, D.C.

paragraphs: The West End is a neighborhood in Washington, D.C.. It includes the area between K Street to the south, Rock Creek Park to the west and north, and New Hampshire Avenue and 21st Street to the east. The West End is so named because it was the westernmost part of the original Pierre L'Enfant plan for the city of Washington, before the annexation of Georgetown. It is home to the embassies of Qatar and Spain, as well as to the Egyptian Defense Office. The George Washington University and The George Washington University Medical Center are on the edge of the West End, at Washington Circle.

paragraphs: In the past, the West End had many vacant lots and old buildings. In 1972, the District's Office of Planning and Management wrote an urban renewal plan "to bring life to a declining part of the city." Titled "New Town for the West End," the aerial photograph on the cover of the study showed the area that was planned to become a "new intown community." Today, the Ritz-Carlton Hotel and Residences, the Park Hyatt and Fairmont hotels, numerous luxury condominiums, and several of the city's best restaurants are in the West End. However, the Columbia Hospital for Women closed and became apartments.

paragraphs: The neighborhood is close to Georgetown, Foggy Bottom, Dupont Circle, the downtown business district, the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, the Kennedy Center, and the Watergate.

paragraphs: Historically, West End was a predominantly African-American community with brick Victorian rowhouses and warehouses. From 1880 until May 2002, the Columbia Hospital for Women provided care for women having babies. The hospital was important because other hospitals in the area (such as Arlington Hospital) refused to help African-American women having babies. The hospital closed and the building became apartments.

paragraphs: Many new buildings are coming to West End, with hundreds of new luxury condominiums either under construction or in the planning phase.

paragraphs: In 2007, controversy began over the last remaining "underdeveloped" parcel of land, known as Square 37. Bordered by 23rd Street, 24th Street, L Street, and an alleyway, this is unusual because its short buildings from the 1800s to the 1960s, are different from the many new, tall buildings on the neighboring blocks. Square 37 was home to the Tiverton, the last remaining rent-controlled apartment building in the West End. The Tiverton tenants gained local media attention for successfully stopping people who wanted to build new buildings on Square 37.

paragraphs: The DC Council passed controversial emergency legislation on July 10, 2007 to sell the West End public library branch, the DC Special Operations Police Station (both on Square 37), and a firehouse (on neighboring Square 50) to the developer called Eastbanc.

paragraphs: District of Columbia Public Schools operates Francis-Stevens Educational Center at 2425 N Street.

paragraphs: District of Columbia Public Library operates the West End Neighborhood Library.


title: Bernardo Houssay

paragraphs: Bernardo Houssay (10 April, 1887 — 21 September, 1971) was an Argentine doctor. He won the 1947 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, along with Carl Ferdinand Cori and Gerty Cori for finding out how hormones use sugar.


title: Scimitar oryx

paragraphs: The Scimitar oryx or Scimitar horned oryx (oryx dammah) is a species of oryx that is extinct in the wild. We can see them in zoos, wildlife parks and reserves. They used to live all over north Africa. A baby scimitar oryx is called a calf. Both male and female scimitar horned oryx have long curved horns. They are herbivores and are diurnal. They are the only species of oryx that does not have black markings. A male scimitar horned oryx is called a bull.


title: Capitol Hill

paragraphs: Capitol Hill is the largest historic residential neighborhood in Washington D.C.. The neighborhood covers an area east of the United States Capitol along wide avenues. It is one of the oldest residential communities in Washington. Its two square miles house 35,000 people, so it is one of the most densely populated neighborhood. The phrase "Capitol Hill" can sometime mean the United States Congress instead of the neighborhood.

paragraphs: Capitol Hill is also a hill as well as a neighborhood. The hill rises in the center of the District of Columbia and extends eastward. Pierre L'Enfant, as he began to develop his plan for the new Federal City in 1791, chose to locate the "Congress House" on the crest of the hill, facing the city, a site that L'Enfant characterized as a "pedestal waiting for a monument."

paragraphs: A large portion of the neighborhood is now designated as the Capitol Hill historic district. The name "Capitol Hill" is often used to refer to both the historic district and to the larger neighborhood around it. To the east of Capitol Hill lies the Anacostia River, to the north is the H Street corridor, to the south are the Southeast/Southwest Freeway and the Washington Navy Yard, and to the west are the National Mall and the city's central business district.

paragraphs: L'Enfant referred to the hill chosen as the site of the future Congress House as "Jenkins Hill" or "Jenkins Heights." However, the tract of land had for many years belonged to the Carroll family and was noted in their records of ownership as "New Troy." Some people have said that a man named Jenkins had once pastured some livestock at the site of the Capitol (and thus his name was associated with the site), artist John Trumbull, who would paint several murals inside the Capitol's rotunda, reported in 1791 that the site was covered with a thick wood, making it an unlikely place for livestock to graze. Noone knows who Jenkins was and how his name became associated with the hill, as reported by L'Enfant.

paragraphs: The neighborhood that is now called Capitol Hill started to develop when the government began work at two locations, the Capitol and the Washington Navy Yard. It became a distinct community between 1799 and 1810 as the federal government became a major employer. The first stage in its early history was that of a boarding house community developed for members of Congress. In the early years of the Republic, few Congressmen wished to establish permanent residence in the city. Instead, most preferred to live in boarding houses within walking distance of the Capitol.

paragraphs: In 1799 the Washington Navy Yard was established on the banks of the Anacostia River, and provided jobs to craftsmen who built and repaired ships. Many of the craftsmen who were employed both at the Navy Yard and in the construction of the Capitol chose to live within walking distance, to the east of the Capitol and the north of the Navy Yard. They became the original residential population of the neighborhood. In 1806, President Thomas Jefferson selected the location of the Marine Barracks, which had to be within marching distance of both the Capitol and the White House, not far from the Washington Navy Yard. By 1810, shops, goldsmiths, blacksmiths, and churches were flourishing in the area.

paragraphs: The Civil War resulted in more building in the Capitol Hill area, including new hospitals. Building new houses continued in the 1870s and 1880s. The neighborhood began to divide along racial and economic class lines.

paragraphs: Electricity, piped water, and plumbing were introduced in the 1890s, and were first available in the downtown areas of the District of Columbia, including Capitol Hill. There was a real estate development boom between 1890 and 1910 as the Capitol Hill area became one of the first neighborhoods having these modern conveniences.

paragraphs: In 1976, the National Park Service added the Capitol Hill Historic District to the National Register of Historic Places. It is one of the largest historic districts in the United States. The boundaries of the historic district are irregular, extending southward from F Street NE, as far east as 14th Street, as far west as South Capitol Street, and with a southern limit marked chiefly by Virginia Avenue but including some territory as far south as M Street SE. It includes buildings from the Federal period (1800 to 1820) through 1919, but most of the buildings are late Victorian.

paragraphs: Capitol Hill has remained a fairly stable middle-class neighborhood throughout its existence. It suffered a period of economic decline and rising crime in the mid-20th century but gradually recovered. During the so-called "Crack Epidemic" of the 1980s, its fringes were often affected. More recently, the neighborhood has undergone intense gentrification.

paragraphs: Capitol Hill's landmarks include not only the United States Capitol, but also the Senate and House office buildings, the Supreme Court building, the Library of Congress, the Marine Barracks, the Washington Navy Yard, and Congressional Cemetery.

paragraphs: It is, however, largely a residential neighborhood composed predominantly of rowhouses of different stylistic varieties and periods. Side by side exist early 19th century manor houses, Federal townhouses, small frame dwellings, ornate Italianate bracketed houses and the late 19th century press brick rowhouses with their often whimsical decorative elements combining Richardsonian Romanesque, Queen Anne, and Eastlakian motifs.

paragraphs: The main shopping corridor of Capitol Hill is Pennsylvania Avenue. It has shops, restaurants and bars. Eastern Market is an 1873 public market on 7th Street SE, where vendors sell fresh meat and produce in indoor stalls and at outdoor farmers' stands. It is also the site of an outdoor flea market every weekend. After a major fire gutted the main market building on April 30, 2007, it underwent restoration and reopened on June 26, 2009.

paragraphs: Barracks Row (8th Street SE), so called because of its proximity to the U.S. Marine Barracks, is one of the city's oldest commercial corridors. It dates to the late 18th century and has recently been revitalized.

paragraphs: More recently, the Old Naval Hospital has been converted into Hill Center, a new community center. It is at the corner of 9th and Pennsylvania Avenue SE. The rehabilitation of the Old Naval Hospital combines the restoration of a historically significant landmark with the cutting edge technologies of modern “green” architecture. Hill Center is a vibrant new home for cultural, educational and civic life on Capitol Hill.

paragraphs: Recent estimates in Capitol Hill newspapers suggest as many as a third of all Members of Congress live on Capitol Hill while in Washington.

paragraphs: Famous people who were born in the Capitol Hill neighborhood include John Philip Sousa (whose birthplace, on G St., is still standing) and J. Edgar Hoover. Frederick Douglass's former house can be found in the 300 block of A Street Northeast. (In the 1970s the Douglass house was later used as an African Art Museum by Warren M. Robbins).

paragraphs: Capitol Hill has several local community newspapers, such as the "Hill Rag". The "Voice of the Hill" closed in May 2010.


title: Washington Navy Yard

paragraphs: The Washington Navy Yard is the former shipyard and ordnance plant of the United States Navy in Southeast Washington, D.C. It is the oldest shore base of the U.S. Navy. The Yard currently serves as a ceremonial and administrative center for the U.S. Navy. It has the offices of the Chief of Naval Operations, the Naval Sea Systems Command, Naval Historical Center, the Department of Naval History, the Naval Criminal Investigative Service, the U.S. Navy Judge Advocate General's Corps, Naval Reactors, Marine Corps Institute, the United States Navy Band, and numerous other naval commands. Before 2006, it used to be the headquarters to the Marine Corps Historical Center, but that center moved to Quantico. The Washington Navy Yard was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. It was designated a National Historic Landmark on May 11, 1976.

paragraphs: The history of the yard can be divided into its military history and cultural and scientific history.

paragraphs: The land was purchased under an Act of Congress on July 23, 1799. The Washington Navy Yard was established on October 2, 1799, the date the property was transferred to the Navy. It is the oldest shore base of the U.S. Navy. The Yard was built under the direction of Benjamin Stoddert, the first Secretary of the Navy, under the supervision of the Yard's first commandant, Commodore Thomas Tingey, who served in that capacity for 29 years.

paragraphs: The original boundaries that were established in 1800, along 9th and M Street Southeast, are still marked by a white brick wall that surrounds the Yard on the north and east sides. The next year, two additional lots were purchased. The north wall of the Yard was built in 1809 along with a guardhouse, now known as the Latrobe Gate. After the Burning of Washington in 1814, Tingey recommended that the height of the eastern wall be increased to ten feet (3 m) because of the fire and subsequent looting.

paragraphs: The southern boundary of the Yard was formed by the Anacostia River (then called the "Eastern Branch" of the Potomac River). The west side was undeveloped marsh. The land located along the Anacostia was added to by landfill over the years as it became necessary to increase the size of the Yard.

paragraphs: From its first years, the Washington Navy Yard became the navy's largest shipbuilding and shipfitting facility, with 22 vessels constructed there, ranging from small 70-foot (21 m) gunboats to the 246-foot (75 m) steam frigate USS "Minnesota". The USS "Constitution" came to the Yard in 1812 to refit and prepare for combat action.

paragraphs: During the War of 1812, the Navy Yard was an important support facility. It was also helped defend the capital city from the British. Sailors at the Navy Yard were part of the hastily assembled American army which, at Bladensburg, Maryland, opposed the British forces marching on Washington. The Navy Yard sailors and marines of nearby Marine Barracks, Washington, D.C., were in the third and last line of defense at Bladensburg. Together, they fought hand to hand with cutlasses and pikes against the British regulars before being overwhelmed. As the British marched into Washington, holding the Yard became impossible. Tingey, seeing the smoke from the burning Capitol, ordered the Yard burned to prevent its capture by the enemy. Tingey's own quarters (now Quarters A) and the Latrobe Gate were spared from the flames. Both structures are now individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

paragraphs: Following the War of 1812, the Washington Navy Yard never regained its prominence as a shipbuilding facility. The waters of the Anacostia River were too shallow to accommodate larger vessels, and the Yard was deemed too inaccessible to the open sea. Thus came a shift to what was to be the character of the Yard for more than a century: ordnance and technology. The Yard possessed one of the earliest steam engines in the United States, and was used to manufacture anchors, chain, and steam engines for vessels of war.

paragraphs: During the American Civil War, the Yard once again became an integral part of the defense of Washington. Commandant Franklin Buchanan resigned his commission to join the Confederacy, leaving the Yard to Commander John A. Dahlgren. President Abraham Lincoln, who held Dahlgren in the highest esteem, was a frequent visitor. The famous ironclad USS "Monitor" was repaired at the Yard after her historic battle with the CSS "Virginia". The Lincoln assassination conspirators were brought to the Yard following their capture. The body of John Wilkes Booth was examined and identified on the monitor USS "Montauk", moored at the Yard.

paragraphs: Following the war, the Yard continued to be the scene of technological advances. In 1886, the Yard was designated the manufacturing center for all ordnance in the Navy. Commander Theodore F. Jewell was Superintendent of the Naval Gun Factory from January 1893 to February 1896. Ordnance production continued as the Yard manufactured armament for the Great White Fleet and the World War I navy. The naval railway guns used in France during World War I were manufactured at the Yard.

paragraphs: By World War II, the Yard was the largest naval ordnance plant in the world. The weapons designed and built there were used in every war in which the United States fought until the 1960s. At its peak, the Yard consisted of 188 buildngs on 126 acres (0.5 km²) of land and employed nearly 25,000 people. Small components for optical systems, and enormous battleship guns were all manufactured here. In December 1945, the Yard was renamed the U.S. Naval Gun Factory. Ordnance work continued for some years after World War II until finally phased out in 1961. Three years later, on July 1, 1964, the activity was redesignated the Washington Navy Yard. The deserted factory buildings began to be converted to office use.

paragraphs: The Washington Navy Yard was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973, and designated a National Historic Landmark on May 11, 1976.

paragraphs: It was headquarters to the Marine Corps Historical Center. That was moved in 2006 to Quantico.

paragraphs: Many scientific developments took place at the Washington Navy Yard. Robert Fulton worked on his clockwork torpedo during the War of 1812. In 1822, Commodore John Rodgers built the country's first marine railway for the overhaul of large vessels. John A. Dahlgren developed his bottle-shaped cannon that became the mainstay of naval ordnance before the Civil War. In 1898, David W. Taylor developed a ship model testing basin which was used by the Navy and private shipbuilders to test the effect of water on new hull designs. The first shipboard aircraft catapult was tested in the Anacostia River in 1912. A wind tunnel was completed at the Yard in 1916. The giant gears for the Panama Canal locks were cast at the Yard. Navy Yard technicians applied their efforts to medical designs for prosthetic hands and molds for artificial eyes and teeth.

paragraphs: The Washington Navy Yard was the ceremonial gateway to the nation's capital. In 1860, the first Japanese diplomatic mission was welcomed to the United States in an impressive pageant at the Yard. The body of World War I's Unknown Soldier was received here. Charles A. Lindbergh returned to the Navy Yard in 1927 after his famous transatlantic flight. In 1939, Britain's King George VI, representing the dominion of Canada, visited the Yard during his Washington stay.

paragraphs: As of 2004, the Navy Yard houses a variety of activities. It is the main office of the Naval District Washington, and houses numerous support activities for the fleet and aviation communities. The Navy Museum welcomes visitors to the Navy Art Collection. Its displays of naval art and artifacts trace the Navy's history from the Revolutionary War to the present day. The Naval History and Heritage Command is housed in a complex of buildings known as the Dudley Knox Center for Naval History. Leutze Park is the scene of colorful ceremonies.

paragraphs: The destroyer USS "Barry" is a museum ship at the Washington Navy Yard, and is open to tourists. The "Barry" is frequently used for change of command ceremonies for naval commands in the area.

paragraphs: The Yard serves as a ceremonial and administrative center for the U.S. Navy, home to the Chief of Naval Operations. It is headquarters for the Naval Sea Systems Command, Naval Historical Center, the Department of Naval History, the Naval Criminal Investigative Service, the U.S. Navy Judge Advocate General's Corps, Naval Reactors, Marine Corps Institute, the United States Navy Band, and many other naval commands.

paragraphs: On September 16, 2013, a shooting took place at the Yard. Shots were fired at the headquarters for the Naval Sea Systems Command Headquarters building #197. At least 17 people, including at least eight civilians, one D.C. police officer and one peacekeeper, were shot. Thirteen fatalities were confirmed by the United States Navy and D.C. Police. Officials said the gunman, Aaron Alexis, a 34-year-old civilian contractor from Queens, New York, was killed during a gun battle with police.


title: Alexey Stakhanov

paragraphs: Alexey Grigoryevich Stakhanov (; 3 January 1906 – 5 November 1977) was a miner in the Soviet Union. In 1970, he was made a Hero of Socialist Labor. In 1936, he became a member of the CPSU. He became a celebrity in 1935 as part of a movement that was intended to increase worker productivity and demonstrate the superiority of the socialist economic system.

paragraphs: Stakhanov was born in Lugovaya near Oryol. In 1927, he began working in a mine called "Tsentralnaya-Irmino" in Kadievka (Donbass). In 1933, Stakhanov became a jackhammer operator. In 1935, he took a local course in mining. On 31 August 1935, it was reported that he had mined a record 102 tonnes of coal in 5 hours and 45 minutes (14 times his quota). On 19 September, Stakhanov was reported to have set a new record by mining 227 tonnes of coal in a single shift. His example was held up in newspapers and posters as a model for others to follow, and he even appeared on the cover of Time Magazine.

paragraphs: Between 1936 and 1941, Stakhanov was a student of the Industrial Academy in Moscow. In 1941–1942, he was appointed director of mine No. 31 in Karaganda. Between 1943 and 1957, Stakhanov worked in the Ministry of Coal Industry of the USSR. In 1957–1959, he was deputy director of the "Chistyakovantratsit" trust, and after that, assistant chief engineer at the mine management office No. 2/43 of the "Torezantratsit" trust until his retirement in 1974.

paragraphs: Stakhanov was a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the first convocation. He was awarded two Orders of Lenin, Order of the Red Banner, and numerous medals. The last Sunday of August was designated "Coal Miner's Day", also apparently in his honor.

paragraphs: The town of Kadievka in eastern Ukraine where he started his work was renamed Stakhanov in his honour in 1978, after his death.

paragraphs: Stakhanov's records set an example throughout the country and gave birth to the Stakhanovite movement where workers who exceeded production targets could become "Stakhanovites". Orwell in Animal Farm presents Boxer as a symbolic character of the "Stakhanovites".

paragraphs: The validity of Stakhanov's record has since been called into question. In 1985, "The New York Times" printed a story that said Stakhanov had indeed succeeded in his feat, but that it was only because the Communist Party had pre-arranged the event. With it, the Communist party wanted to boost public morale. According to this article, many other miners helped Stakhanov beat the mining record. The "Times" quoted the chief of the Tsentralnaya-Irmino mine's branch of the Party, Konstantin G. Petrov: "I suppose Stakhanov need not have been the first... It could have been anybody else. In the final analysis it was not the individual face-worker who determined whether the attempt to break the record would succeed, but the new system of coal extraction." In 1988, Soviet newspaper Komsomolskaya Pravda claimed that the widely propagandized personal achievements of Stakhanov were puffery – the paper insisted that Stakhanov had used a number of helpers on support works, while the throughput was tallied for him alone. Still, according to the newspaper, Stakhanov's approach had eventually led to the increased productivity by means of a better organization of the work, including specialization and task sequencing.

paragraphs: It has also been claimed that his record was beaten by Alija Sirotanović of Yugoslavia and Sergej Scemuk of Ukraine.


title: Greco-Bactrian Kingdom

paragraphs: The Greco-Bactrian Kingdom was the eastern-most tip of the Ancient Greek world. It lasted between 250-125BC.

paragraphs: It covered Afghanistan but also bits of Turkmenistan, Iran, and Pakistan. It covered a region originally conquered by Alexander the Great.

paragraphs: Much of our information comes from the Roman Strabo. Much archaeology has been done in Afghanistan, especially in the cities of Aï Khanoum and Begram.

paragraphs: The National Museum of Afghanistan has put on a touring exhibition about this kingdom. It has been shown at the British Museum and also in France, Germany and the Netherlands. Much other archaeology is on display in the Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg, Russia.


title: Northwestern College (Illinois)

paragraphs: Northwestern College (NC), formerly Northwestern Business College, is a college in Illinois. It has no affiliation with Northwestern University. Northwestern College has campuses in Bridgeview, Chicago, and Napeville.


title: Bosporan Kingdom

paragraphs: The Bosporan Kingdom (often called Kingdom of the Cimmerian Bosporus) was an ancient empire, covering the Crimea and a lot of the north coast of the Black Sea. It is regarded as the first real 'Hellenistic' country also speaking Greek.

paragraphs: The Bosporan Kingdom was the longest surviving known Roman client kingdom (allied state). It was a Roman Province between 63 and 68, under Roman Emperor Nero. In the 1st century and 2nd century AD was a period of a new 'golden age' of the Bosporan Kingdom when it was famous for its jewellery. In the end of the 2nd century the King Sauromates II inflicted a critical defeat to the Scythians (a nomadic tribe) and included all the territories of the Crimea in the structure of his state.

paragraphs: The Bosporan Kingdom became rich from selling wheat, fish and slaves to rest of Europe. This means that there are a lot of amazing and very rich finds from the Kingdom, especially found in burial barrows (known as kurgans). Today, there are lots of architectural and sculptural remains from the Bosporan Kingdoms and many finds can be seen in the Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg, Russia. These include gold work and vases imported from Ancient Athens and the rest of Ancient Greece.

paragraphs: It was finally destroyed by the Goths (barbarian tribes) at the end of the 4th century AD


title: TV Geminorum

paragraphs: TV Geminorum is a red giant star located in the Gemini constellation. It is more than 700 times larger than the Sun, making it larger than the orbit of Mars.


title: CW Leonis

paragraphs: CW Leonis, also known as CW Leonis, is a red giant star that is mostly made out of Carbon. It is more than 500 times larger than the Sun and is located in the Leo constellation.


title: R Doradus

paragraphs: R Doradus is a red giant star; the star with the second largest appearance size after the Sun. It is 370 times larger than the Sun. It is located in the constellation Dorado.


title: Pi1 Gruis

paragraphs: Pi Gruis is a red giant star. It bubbles violently on its surface.


title: CPC Politburo Standing Committee

paragraphs: The Communist Party of China (CPC) Politburo Standing Committee is CPC's most powerful decision-making body. It is elected by the CPC Central Committee. It normally consists of 5 ~ 9 people. Currently (2018) 7 (Xi Jinping, Li Keqiang, Li Zhanshu, Wang Yang, Wang Huning, Zhao Leji, Han Zheng). Since CPC is the ruling party in China by constitution, the Politburo Standing Committee is also the leadership group of China. Xi Jinping and Li Keqiang were elected in 2007 as successors to Hu Jingtao and Wen Jiabao. The other 5 were elected in 2017.


title: Staggered conformation

paragraphs: In organic chemistry, a staggered conformation is a way that a molecule like ethane can line up its parts. In a staggered conformation, each part is as far away from the others as possible, making an equal and symmetrical diagram. This means the torsion angles are 60°.


title: Asian Americans

paragraphs: Asian Americans are Americans of Asian ancestry. The term refers to a group that includes diverse populations. They have ancestral origins in South Asia, East Asia. This includes people who indicate as "Chinese, Filipino, Indian, Korean, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Other Asian". Asian Americans with no other ancestry comprise 5.4% of the U.S. population. Asian Americans are by capita the richest and highest earning ethnic group in America, due to their high educational attainment and strong family values.

paragraphs: The U.S. Census Bureau defines Asian as "A person having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian subcontinent including, for example, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippine Islands, Thailand, and Vietnam."

paragraphs: During the 2010 United States Census, the largest ethnic groups were Chinese American, Filipino Americans, Indian Americans, Vietnamese Americans, Korean Americans, and Japanese Americans. The total population is 17,941,286.


title: Denis Mukwege

paragraphs: Denis Mukengere Mukwege (; born 1 March 1955) is a Congolese gynecologist. He founded and works in Panzi Hospital in Bukavu. He works in the treatment of women who have been gang-raped by rebel forces. He has treated thousands of women who were victims of gang wartime rape since the Second Congo War.

paragraphs: In 2018, he and Nadia Murad were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for "their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict."


title: Nadia Murad

paragraphs: Nadia Murad Basee (; born 1993) is a German-based Iraqi Yazidi human rights activist. She was kidnapped and held by the Islamic State for three months.

paragraphs: In 2018, she and Denis Mukwege were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for "their efforts to end use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict." She is the first Iraqi to win the Nobel Prize.

paragraphs: Murad is the founder of Nadia's Initiative, an organization who work to "helping women and children victimized by genocide, mass atrocities, and human trafficking to heal and re-build their lives and communities".


title: Ian Heath Gershengorn

paragraphs: Ian Heath Gershengorn (born February 21, 1967) is an American lawyer and former Acting Solicitor General of the United States.


title: SMK Negeri 1 Mandiraja

paragraphs: SMK Negeri 1 Mandiraja is a vocational high school In Mandiraja district, Banjarnegara Regency, Central Java province of Indonesia.

paragraphs: SMK Negeri 1 Mandiraja School is a new school. It was established in 2010 at the request of the people in Mandiraja Sub-district. They wanted the construction of a vocational school in Mandiraja, School of State Vocational High School 1 Mandiraja.

paragraphs: State Vocational High school 1 Mandiraja has a variety of achievements at the district and provincial levels

paragraphs: SMK Negeri 1 Mandiraja has a variety of facilities and infrastructure that are in the school namely:


title: Uriyadi 2

paragraphs: Uriyadi 2 is a Tamil-language social thriller movie. It was directed by Vijay Kumar. It is a sequel to the 2016 political thriller movie "Uriyadi". "Uriyadi 2" was produced by actor Suriya’s 2D Entertainment.

paragraphs: After the release of "Uriyadi" in 2016, there was widespread anticipation about Vijay Kumar's next. Two years later, it was announced that "Uriyadi 2" will be directed by Vijay Kumar with Suriya producing it. The movie’s principal photography started on 20 September 2018 in Tenkasi. The first look motion poster was released by Suriya on the same day. Vijay Kumar is also the co-producer of "Uriyadi 2", through his production house, Souvenir Productions. Most of the shooting is to take place in Tenkasi and Courtallam. A new technical crew is introduced in this sequel, where Praveen Kumar N., Linu M., and Ezhumalai Adikesavan are assigned as the cinematographer, editor and art director respectively. Vicky is assigned as the stunt director, continuing his association with the director from his previous movie. Govind Vasantha, who composed for "Asuravadham" and "Solo", is the music director, working with the director for the first time.

paragraphs: The movie's soundtrack was composed by Govind Vasantha, replacing Masala Coffee as the composer of the previous movie. The audio rights are handled by Sony Music India.


title: Carnegie Museum of Natural History

paragraphs: Carnegie Museum of Natural History (abbreviated as CMNH) is a famous natural history museum.

paragraphs: It is at 4400 Forbes Avenue in the Oakland neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. It was founded by the Pittsburgh-based industrialist Andrew Carnegie in 1896.

paragraphs: It has an international reputation for research and is ranked among the top five natural history museums in the United States.

paragraphs: The museum gained prominence in 1899 when its scientists unearthed the fossils of "Diplodocus". Today its dinosaur collection has the world's largest collection of Jurassic dinosaurs. Its "Dinosaurs in Their Time" exhibition is the third largest collection of mounted, displayed dinosaurs in the United States (behind the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History and the American Museum of Natural History).

paragraphs: Notable specimens include one of the world's only fossils of a juvenile "Apatosaurus", the world's first specimen of a "Tyrannosaurus rex", and a recently identified species of oviraptorosaur named "Anzu wyliei".


title: Andalusite

paragraphs: Andalusite is an aluminium nesosilicate mineral with the chemical formula AlSiO. At higher temperatures and pressures, andalusite may convert to sillimanite. Andalusite is an index mineral: it gives clues to the depth and pressures the host rock went through in the past.


title: Amphibole

paragraphs: Amphibole is a group of inosilicate minerals. They form prism or needlelike crystals.

paragraphs: They are double chain tetrahedra, linked at the vertices. Usually they contain ions of iron and/or magnesium in their structures. Amphiboles can be green, black, colorless, white, yellow, blue, or brown.


title: Dashain

paragraphs: Dashain is a festival of Nepal. It is celebrated by the Hindus in Nepal. It is also celebrated by Nepali-Indian people who live in Sikkim, Assam and Darjeeling district of India. Lhotshampa people in Bhutan and Burmese Gurkhas in Myanmar also celebrate this festival.

paragraphs: It is the longest festival in Bikram Sambat and Nepal Sambat yearly calendar. The festival is 15 days long and the first, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth and the fifteenth days are the most important days. It is regarded as the biggest and most important festival in Nepal. It falls in the month of September or October (Ashwin or Kartik in Bikram Sambat calendar). It starts from bright lunar fortnight of Ashwin and ends on Purnima (full moon day). This festival is the symbol of victory of good over evil.


title: The Magic School Bus (TV series)

paragraphs: The Magic School Bus is a Canadian/American animated children's television series, based on the book series of the same name by Joanna Cole and Bruce Degen. The series has received critical acclaim for its use of celebrity talent and combining entertainment with an educational series. "Broadcasting & Cable" said the show was "among the highest-rated PBS shows for school-age children." A reboot titled "The Magic School Bus Rides Again" began on Netflix on September 29, 2017.

paragraphs: Scholastic Entertainment, Nelvana, Bardel Entertainment and PBS Kids made "The Magic School Bus" books into an animated television series. It began on September 10, 1994. Many parents and teachers wanted Scholastic Entertainment, Nelvana, Bardel Entertainment and PBS Kids to help girls and minorities learn more about science. Scholastic Entertainment, Nelvana, Bardel Entertainment and PBS Kids president Deborah Forte, Patrick Loubert, Delna Bhesenia and Pamela Aguilar said that making the books into an animated series helped kids "learn about science in a fun way".

paragraphs: Each episode of the series ran for 30 minutes. There was a "Producer Says" part at the end of each episode when the "The Magic School Bus" had no advertisements. There were no advertisements on international television, VHS, and DVD. The "Producer Says" part was taken out when the "The Magic School Bus" had advertisements. This way, there was enough time for advertisements. Sometimes the episode faded to black at the start of the advertisements. When there are no advertisements, the episode faded to black and then faded back in.

paragraphs: Peter Lurye wrote the song played at the beginning of the show. It was called "Ride on the Magic School Bus". Famous rock' n 'roll singer Little Richard sang it.

paragraphs: Brian Muehl and Jocelyn Stevenson helped write the show. They also worked on "Fraggle Rock".

paragraphs: In the United States, "The Magic School Bus" originally aired on PBS as a part of its children's block, PBS Kids, through South Carolina's SCETV network; it was the first fully animated series to be aired on PBS. The final episode aired on December 6, 1997; the series then aired reruns on PBS until October 1998. Fox Kids Network, in a hasty effort to fill educational television mandates for its stations, aired reruns on its weekday block from September 1998 to September 2002. Begining September 27, 2010, "The Magic School Bus" started a daily run on Qubo in the US, and on Saturday mornings on NBC. The Fox Kids and Qubo airings both used a shortened version of the opening. Based on information from their website, Qubo no longer carries "The Magic School Bus" in their programming lineup.

paragraphs: "The Magic School Bus" was also seen on TLC from February 15, 2003 until 2008, and aired on the Ready Set Learn block on Discovery Kids from 2004 to 2009, TVOntario and the Knowledge Network in Canada and Pop, Channel 4 and CITV in the United Kingdom, with no plans to make more episodes. The series was widely known in Canada for showing reruns on CBC as part of its children's block, now known as Kids' CBC, from 1999 to 2004. In 2005, Nelvana sold the series to Latin America's Cartoon Network. Child-oriented network Qubo showed episodes between 2010 and 2012. In Canada, it ran on Teletoon from 1998 until 2000, and has run on TVO Kids from 1998 until the present time. It was presented internationally by Discovery Kids from 2004 to 2009, and in the UK, Latin America, Australia, Spain, and India by Nickelodeon from 1995 to 2003. It was also shown in the UK by Pop from 2003 to 2007. It aired for some time on Channel 4 from 1996 to 2000. It also aired on CITV from 1995 to 2002. Other airers have included TV Tokyo (1997 to 1999), Kindernet (2003 to 2007), EBS of South Korea (1995 to 1999), Boomerang (Latin America, 2001 - 2008), The Den (Ireland) from 1995 to 2000 and Channel 6 (Israel), 1999 to 2002.

paragraphs: The series was originally released on VHS by KidVision between 1995 and 2003 and on DVD by Warner Home Video between 2002 and 2013. Only the VHSs and DVDs contain the funding credits. In the home video releases, all the episodes are uncut with the "Producer Says" segments intact. In the UK, it was broadcast until mid-2007 when it was removed off the air on Pop channel.

paragraphs: On July 31, 2012, New Video Group released the complete series on DVD in Region 1 for the very first time.

paragraphs: On August 15, 2013, Scholastic announced the entire series would be available on Netflix.

paragraphs: Jason Fry, in a column for the online edition of "The Wall Street Journal", expressed an overall appreciation for the show, but wrote that the episode "The Magic School Bus Gets Programmed" should have been about the dangers of Internet searches and network concepts arising at the time, rather than an old-fashioned technology-run-amok story about the respective roles of programmer and machine (although he conceded that the episode was ten years old).

paragraphs: Tomlin won a Daytime Emmy for her role as Ms. Frizzle.

paragraphs: Various computer and video games associated with the series were released from 1994 to 2001, and were typically amalgamations of storylines from both the original book series and the television show. The games were published by Microsoft Home.

paragraphs: A video game titled "The Magic School Bus: Oceans" was released for Nintendo DS on October 25, 2011, ten years after the release of the last game. The video game, similar to the computer game before it, was likely based on the book, "The Magic School Bus On the Ocean Floor" and the TV episode, "The Magic School Bus Gets Eaten". This is the only game to have been released for the Nintendo platform.

paragraphs: On June 10, 2014, a new series was announced by Netflix and Scholastic Media titled "The Magic School Bus 360°". The new iteration of the franchise features a modernized Ms. Frizzle and high-tech bus that stresses modern inventions such as robotics, wearables and camera technology. The producers hoped to captivate children's imaginations and motivate their interest in the sciences. 9 Story Media Group would produce the series. Producer Stuart Stone, who voiced Ralphie in the original series, stated that "The Magic School Bus 360°" will feature some of the original voice actors in different roles. The show's voice cast is based in Los Angeles, California, United States and Toronto, Ontario, Canada with Susan Blu as the Los Angeles voice director and Alyson Court as the Toronto voice director.

paragraphs: In February 2017, Netflix announced that Kate McKinnon was cast in the role of Fiona Felicity Frizzle, the younger sister of Ms. Frizzle, now Professor Frizzle, again played by Lily Tomlin. By this point the title of the series had been changed to "The Magic School Bus Rides Again". Lin-Manuel Miranda of "Hamilton" performs the theme song. The series began on Netflix on September 29, 2017.


title: Yuri Sagaydak

paragraphs: Yuri Petrovich Sagaydak [JuriSagaidak] is a Russian lawyer, former KGB secret agent in the United Kingdom, Indonesia, Austria and journalist at Komsomolskaya Pravda and TASS. He produced the Russian film "Countdown" (Russian title: "Lichniynomer") in 2004. He also served as the Deputy Director of Renaissance Capital until 2006 and founded SP-Consulting.

paragraphs: Yuri Sagaidak was born in 1950 in Alma-Ata (today Almaty), completed his secondary-school education in 1968, and graduated in 1972 from the FSB Academy (known until 1982 as The Dzerzhinsky Higher School of the KGB). In addition to acting as a journalist for the newspaper Komsomolskaya Pravda, he worked for the foreign intelligence service of the USSR. He served first in Indonesia and then in the United Kingdom. In 1989, he was deported from the United Kingdom after being exposed and accused by the authorities of espionage. His expulsion was accompanied by a diplomatic scandal related to his attempt to recruit the UK Member of Parliament Lady Olga Maitland, who reported this to the Security Agency MI5. According to a local publication, Sagaydak was issued a temporary residence permit to live in Lithuania.

paragraphs: Yuri Sagaidak founded a limited company Consulit in Lithuania in 2011, which had a staff of five people[https://www.baltictimes.com/former_kgb_spy_given_lithuanian_residence_permit/ <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>]. J. Sagaydak remained the Director and sole shareholder of “Consulit” until February 2015.[http://www.veidas.lt/the-kgb-spy-kicked-out-from-england-thrives-in-uzupis <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>] He later worked in Austria. In 2004, Sagaidak produced a move LichniyNomer (Личныйномер)with an English title “"Countdown”". The story takes the viewer deep into the bowels of Russian internal affairs and politics, and was well-received in cinemas. The story revolved around a group of individuals who had to work together to foil the attempts of a terrorist organization that was preparing to carry out an attack on Rome. Sagaydak’s name is mentioned in the book [http://www.veidas.lt/the-kgb-spy-kicked-out-from-england-thrives-in-uzupis <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>] “Cinematic Terror. A Global History of Terrorism in Film” by Tony Shaw.[https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/24049641-cinematic-terror <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>]

paragraphs: Yuri Sagaydak, was deputy general director of Renaissance Capital Investment Management Ltd. until 2006.[https://medium.com/@wsiegelman/a-fresh-look-at-erik-princes-house-intelligence-committee-testimony-and-emails-with-christophe-6603f06c6568 <nowiki>[6]</nowiki>] During the investigation in the Magnitsky case related to allegations in tax evasion and fraud Sagaydak gave testimony regarding the First Tax Refund of 2002, which was and still is not recognized as a crime by the Russian Government[https://www.russian-untouchables.com/eng/group-crimes-p2/ <nowiki>[7]</nowiki>].

paragraphs: In March 2011, Alexander Lebedev,[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jan/11/alexander-lebedev-russia-oligarch <nowiki>[8]</nowiki>] Russian entrepreneur and publisher of the British newspaper the Evening Standard, accused Sagaydak of cooperating with criminals and being involved in alleged extortion.[https://www.novayagazeta.ru/articles/2011/05/26/5425-pisma-s-fronta-aleksandr-lebedev-v-pisme-direktoru-bortnikovu-nazyvaet-imena-oborotney-v-pogonah-iz-fsb <nowiki>[9]</nowiki>]

paragraphs: In October 2015, the Lithuanian publication Veidas (Lithuanian for "Face") reported[http://www.veidas.lt/the-kgb-spy-kicked-out-from-england-thrives-in-uzupis <nowiki>[10]</nowiki>] on Sagaydak's links with the former Defense Minister and campaigner for Lithuanian independence, AudriusButkevičius, who did not deny cooperating with the KGB during the collapse of the USSR. The publication reported that Sagaydak had tried to emigrate to Lithuania giving Butkevičius's address, but his application had been turned down. Earlier in 1997 he was accused of committing an offence. Case of “Snipers” was instituted against the defendant and dealt with his participation in the shooting of pro-European demonstrators in Vilnius and his cooperation with the KGB. In October 1997 he was arrested in Vilnius whereupon he was imprisoned and sentenced to five and a half years in jail.

paragraphs: In November 2016, the Russian magazine Forbes (“Forbes”) published an article entitled “Bad guys: why there are no positive heroes in the story of Sergei Magnitsky” about the participation of Yuri Sagaydak in fraudulent transactions with shares of the Mikhailovsky GOK. The article states that one of the defendants in this case was Sagaydak.[https://www.forbes.ru/finansy/investitsii/332335-plokhie-parni-pochemu-v-istorii-sergeya-magnitskogo-net-polozhitelnykh-ge <nowiki>[11]</nowiki>]

paragraphs: In April 2017, Edward Malnick, Deputy Investigations Editor at The Telegraph described the circumstances of the death of prominent Russian lawyer Sergei Magnitsky and linked Sagaydak together

paragraphs: with Dmitry Klyuev to Renaissance Capital Investment Management Ltd.[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/04/13/exclusive-66m-linked-death-lawyer-traced-russian-firms-uk-account/ <nowiki>[12]</nowiki>] Sagaydak was recruited by Igor Sagiryan, his side, financial advisor to the Kremlin to work under Vladimir Dzhabarov.[https://www.thedailybeast.com/moscows-long-corrupt-money-trail <nowiki>[13]</nowiki>] Vladimir Dzhabarov is the First Deputy Chairman of the International Affairs Committee of the Federation Council of the Russian Federation. He is no. 2 on the U.S. Department of the Treasury list "Sanctions Target Russian Government Officials, the Inner Circle that Supports Them, and Bank Rossiya, the Personal Bank for Officials of the Russian Federation"[https://www.treasury.gov/press-center/press-releases/Pages/jl23331.aspx <nowiki>[14]</nowiki>] of 3/20/2014.

paragraphs: In February 2018, Valentine Low, a British journalist at The Times, described the circumstances around Sagaydak's expulsion from London in 1989 in the article "My friend Yuri... the Communist spy[15]".

paragraphs: Sagaydak is married with five children. His wife, Vera Aleksandrovna Sagaydak is CEO of the Vienna based Astreya Consulting[https://www.firmenabc.at/astreya-consulting-gmbh_OaWn <nowiki>[16]</nowiki>], she lives permanently in Austria.

paragraphs: In August 2019, Isabelle Daniel, an Austrian journalist at OE24, repeated allegations against Vera and Yuri Sagaydak and disclosed their criminal record[https://www.oe24.at/oesterreich/politik/Seit-2018-in-Wien-Ex-KGB-Agent-erhielt-Aufenthaltsgenehmigung-in-Oesterreich/393394739 <nowiki>[17]</nowiki>]. She also described the vulnerability of the European immigration system and loopholes in the immigration law.


title: Pa Sulay Njie

paragraphs: Pa Sulay Njie (born 2 August 1992) is a professional footballer who plays as a Striker for the Gambian national team and for Hatayspor


title: Patrick Chan

paragraphs: Patrick Lewis Wai-Kuan Chan (born December 31, 1990) is a Canadian former competitive figure skater. He is a 2018 Olympic gold medalist in the team event, 2014 Olympic silver medalist in the men's and team events, a three-time World champion (2011, 2012, 2013), a two-time Grand Prix Final champion (2010 and 2011), a three-time Four Continents champion (2009, 2012, 2016), and a ten-time Canadian national champion (2008–2014, 2016–2018).

paragraphs: On April 27, 2011, Chan set a new world record of 93.02 points for the short program. On April 28, 2011, Chan then set a new world record for his free skating, receiving an overall score of 280.98. In recognition, Chan was named the recipient of the Lou Marsh Award as Canada's top athlete.

paragraphs: Patrick Lewis Wai-Kuan Chan was born December 31, 1990, in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. He is the only child of Lewis Chan, a lawyer, and Karen, both immigrants from Hong Kong.

paragraphs: His Chinese name is Chan Wai-Kuan. At the age of five, Chan showed talent in downhill skiing, but focused on other sports after his family moved to Toronto. He has an enduring interest in many sports, including taekwondo, tennis, golf and mountain climbing.

paragraphs: Patrick Chan started skating in 1996. He originally wanted to learn to skate in order to play hockey, but soon became interested in figure skating. His coach, Osborne Colson, made him spend 30 minutes a day on basic stroking, edge work, cross-cutting and balance drills. Chan said, "I tell people I owe the flow in my knees and the flow I generate from my edges to Mr. Colson. He knew he had to pull everything apart and start from the ground up on the basics of skating."

paragraphs: Chan divided his training time between World Arena Ice Hall in Colorado Springs, Colorado, and the Granite Club in Toronto.

paragraphs: Chan competed at the 2008 World Championships in March. He placed seventh in the short program and 11th in the free skating, placing ninth overall.

paragraphs: At the 2009 World Championships, Chan placed third in the short program, behind Brian Joubert and Evan Lysacek, and second in the free skate to win the silver medal behind Lysacek. He was eighteen. He also competed for Canada at the 2009 World Team Trophy. He placed fourth in the men's competition and Canada won the silver overall, behind the United States and ahead of Japan.

paragraphs: The 2010 Winter Olympics were held in Chan's home country, Canada. Chan placed seventh in the short program and then earned a new personal best score to place fourth in the free skate, finishing fifth overall.

paragraphs: Chan competed once again at the 2010 World Championships. He placed second in the short program, just 1.50 behind the leader, Daisuke Takahashi. He placed second in the free skate, 8.98 points behind Takahashi, to win his second world silver medal. Chan earned US$27,000 in prize money.

paragraphs: Chan began his season at the 2010 Liberty Summer Competition where he debuted his new short program to the music of Take Five, a jazz piece. He placed first in the short program, landing his first 4T in competition and was awarded a high grade of execution for the jump. In the free skate, he missed the 4T, but landed a 3A-3T combination for his first time in competition, and took the gold medal.

paragraphs: At the 2011 World Championships held in Moscow after a delay of a month, Chan won the short program with a score of 93.02 points, a new world record. In the free skate, he picked up 187.96 points (another world record), giving him a total of 280.98 points for his two days of competition. In September, he received three Guinness World Records certificates for achieving world records in the short program, free skating, and overall score.

paragraphs: In February 2012, Chan competed in the 2012 Four Continents Championships. He placed first in the short program, 4.51 ahead of Takahito Mura, and in the free skate, 24.25 ahead of Daisuke Takahashi, and obtained a 10.00 for his program component scores. He won gold with a total score of 273.94 points.

paragraphs: In late March 2012, Chan competed at the 2012 World Championships in Nice, France, and won his second straight World title. He placed first in both segments and finished with a total of 266.11 points, 6.45 ahead of silver medalist Daisuke Takahashi. Some in the crowd booed the outcome.

paragraphs: On April 16, 2012, news media reported that Chan had accepted Krall's resignation. He credited Krall with improving his quad jump.

paragraphs: During the season, Chan was coached by Kathy Johnson and Eddie Shipstead. He left his longtime choreographer Lori Nichol and asked Jeff Buttle and David Wilson to produce his competitive programs.

paragraphs: In January, at the 2013 Canadian Championships, Chan ranked first in both segments and won his sixth Canadian national title. At the 2013 World Championships, held in London, Ontario, Canada, Chan won the short program  earning 6.81 points more than Denis Ten from Kazakhstan. He set a new world record. He committed some mistakes in his jumps in the free skating and placed second in that segment. He finished first with 267.78 points overall, edging Ten for the gold medal by 1.3 points. It was Chan's third consecutive World title.

paragraphs: In the 2013–14 ISU Grand Prix season, Chan won both the 2013 Skate Canada International and the 2013 Trophée Éric Bompard with a world record score at the time in both the short program and the free skate. He finished second in the Grand Prix Final, behind Yuzuru Hanyu of Japan.

paragraphs: At the 2014 Winter Olympics, Patrick Chan competed in the team event. He skated the men's short program and placed third, contributing to Canada's silver medal finish.

paragraphs: During the individual event, Chan ranked second in the short program, scoring 3.93 points less than Hanyu's world record score and more than ten points ahead of the rest of the field. Hanyu's program featured the same jumps as Chan, but he had achieved better quality and amplitude on the jumps, particularly the triple axel. Hanyu fell twice during his free skate and had another triple discounted for putting his foot down in the middle of a jump sequence, while Chan struggled on several of his jumps including a miss on a relatively simple double Axel. As a result, Hanyu outscored Chan in the free skate by 0.54 points to take the gold medal, while Chan received the silver medal.

paragraphs: During the spring of 2015, Chan confirmed in several interviews that he would start training for the 2015–2016 season.

paragraphs: Chan easily nabbed his eighth national tile at the 2016 Canadian Figure Skating Championships

paragraphs: Chan won gold at the 2016 Four Continents Championships, defeating Jin Boyang and scoring a new personal best in the free skate. He finished fifth at the 2016 World Championships after placing third in the short and fifth in the free.

paragraphs: Chan and Johnson decided they would move to Vancouver in July 2016. She resigned in August 2016, and the move to Vancouver was put on hold. On September 23, 2016, Chan announced that his new coaching team would be led by Marina Zueva, and his training base would be Canton, Michigan. He would stay in Canton for the entire season.Chan easily won a record-tying ninth Canadian national title. At the 2017 World Championships, he set his new personal best in the short program of 102.13, putting himself in medal contention in third place, but dropped to sixth after the long program. During the season, he attempted to incorporate a quadruple Salchow into his repertoire in response to the increasing jump difficulty of his top competitors.

paragraphs: In February, Chan represented Canada at his third Olympics, in Pyeongchang, South Korea. He won his first Olympic gold and third Olympic medal overall during the team event, defeating the Olympic Athletes from Russia. He skated both segments, ranking third in the short and first in the free skate. This earned 18 team points for Canada, six more than the Russian skater Mikhail Kolyada. In the individual men's event, Chan finished ninth after placing sixth in the short program and eighth in the free skate. He had tripled a quad attempt, doubled a triple, touched down with his hand on a triple axel, and stumbled on some of his footwork. He stated that this Olympic event was his last competition. He officially retired from competition on April 16, 2018.


title: Franco Sar

paragraphs: Franco Sar (21 December 1933 – 1 October 2018) was an Italian decathlete. He was born in Arborea, Italy. He held the national title from 1960–65. He competed at the 1960 and 1964 Summer Olympics and placed sixth and thirteenth.

paragraphs: Sar died of a heart attack on 1 October 2018 at the age of 84.


title: Elisabeth Andersen

paragraphs: Anna Elisabeth de Bruijn (1 January 1920 – 3 October 2018), better known by the stage name of Elisabeth Andersen, was a Dutch theatre actress. She was born in The Hague. She was a three-time winner of the Theo d'Or. Andersen was known for her work with .

paragraphs: Andersen died in Haarlem on 3 October 2018 at age 98.


title: T Persei

paragraphs: T Persei is a red supergiant located in the constellation Perseus.


title: Gamma Crucis

paragraphs: Gamma Crucis, also known as Gacrux, is the closest red giant star to the Sun. It is only visible in the Southern hemisphere. It has a diameter 113 times larger than the Sun.


title: Solid state

paragraphs: Solid state electronics are electronic circuits that contain only solid materials. Examples of solid state devices include transistors, diodes, and integrated circuits. Devices that are not solid state include vacuum tubes, gas-filled tubes, and devices with moving parts such as relays.


title: Taleb Amoli

paragraphs: Sayyid Muhammad Ibn Abdullah Taleb Amoli (1585-1627) () or Taleb Amoli is a Persian poet. Taleb Amoli in india. His poems are in Persian and Hindi.


title: Benjamin Spock

paragraphs: Benjamin McLane Spock (May 2, 1903 – March 15, 1998) was an American pediatrician whose book "Baby and Child Care" (1946) is one of the best-sellers of all time. The book said to mothers "you know more than you think you do".

paragraphs: Spock was the first pediatrician to study psychoanalysis to try to understand children's needs. His ideas influenced parents to be more flexible and affectionate with their children, and to treat them as individuals. However, his theories were also widely criticized by colleagues. According to the critics, he relied too heavily on anecdotal evidence rather than serious academic research.

paragraphs: Spock was regarded as a radical during the troubled times of the Vietnam War.

paragraphs: Spock won an Olympic gold medal in rowing in 1924 while attending Yale University.


title: East Midlands Airport

paragraphs: East Midlands Airport is an international airport in the East Midlands of England.

paragraphs: It is close to Castle Donington, Leicestershire, between Loughborough (), Derby () and Nottingham (); Leicester is () to the south.

paragraphs: East Midlands Airport is a hub for low-fare airlines such as Jet2.com and Ryanair. It is also used by tour operators like TUI Airways which serve a range of domestic and European short-haul destinations. It is a base for BMI Regional, Flybe, and Thomas Cook Airlines.


title: Grasslands National Park

paragraphs: Grasslands National Park () is a national park in Canada. It is near the village of Val Marie, Saskatchewan. It is the second national park of Canada that was created in Saskatchewan. The park is next to the border between Canada and the United States. It is next to the state of Montana. More than 18 000 people visit the park every year.

paragraphs: The park was created in 1981. Before this, the only national park in Saskatchewan was Prince Albert National Park. The park has some of Canada's last prairie grasslands that humans have not affected. The park's climate also lets some rare and endangered plants and animals live there. Grasslands National Park also have Canada's last black-tailed prairie dog groups. The park is also a dark-sky preserve. Grasslands National Park is the darkest dark-sky preserve in Canada. It is also one of the darkest in the world.

paragraphs: Grasslands National Park also has a lot of fossils. It has many fossils that can't be found in other parts of Canada. Some of the fossils come from the Miocene Era.

paragraphs: Before the 1950s, the First Nations people of Canada lived in the park. They hunted animals in the park.

paragraphs: Many people wanted to protect the grasslands in the area. They also wanted to protect the plants and animals that lived in the area. In the 1950s and 1960s, many people wanted a large area of grasslands protected. A study in 1965 showed that this area of Saskatchewan would be the best place to start a park. Both the governments of Alberta and Saskatchewan created a group to listen to the public's opinion in 1975. The group said that the public wanted the park to be created.

paragraphs: In 1981, the governments of Saskatchewan and Canada signed an agreement. This would make sure that a park would be created. After the agreement was signed, Parks Canada bought two ranches. These ranches were near the Frenchman River and were . In 1988, many organisations came together to add to the 1981 agreement. This would make it so that Grasslands National Park would be created. The plan for the park would be that it would be around . Parks Canada continued to buy more land for the park from ranchers.

paragraphs: The park officially became a national park on 19 February 2001. This was because of the Canada National Parks Act. In 2006, some of the plains bison that lived in Elk Island National Park in Alberta were moved to Grasslands National Park. This was important because many of the bison in Canada were killed in the 1800s. It was the first time that plains bison were on the shortgrass prairies of Canada since the 1890s. 71 bison were first moved to the park. Nine years later, in 2015, there were 310 bison. There are now plains bison at other national parks in Canada.

paragraphs: The park became a dark-sky preserve in 2009. This was during the International Year of Astronomy. The park was chosen by the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada. It became Saskatchewan's second dark-sky preserve. In 2009, Parks Canada also added black-footed ferrets back to the park. They added 34 ferrets. People thought that the black-footed ferret was extinct. This is because the last time they were seen was in 1937 in Saskatchewan. Scientists from the United States began working on bringing them back to the wild. When Parks Canada added black-footed ferrets back to Grasslands National Park, there were already ferrets that were being added to places in the United States and Mexico. The scientists were working to bring back the black-footed ferret for many years. The people working at Parks Canada were working on bringing them back for many years.

paragraphs: The park is divided into two parts. The west park of the park (called the West Block) is in Division No. 4, Saskatchewan. The West Block has the Frenchman River valley. They also have a herd of 300 plains bison and many prairie dog colonies. The Frenchman Valley Campground lets visitors use camping sites and teepees. Backcountry camping is also allowed in the West Block. The east part of the park (called the East Block) is in Division No. 3, Saskatchewan. Visitors to the East Block can see views of the badlands and see the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary in the rock.


title: Cedar County, Nebraska

paragraphs: Cedar County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2010 census, 8,852 people lived there. The county seat is Hartington. It was founded in 1857.


title: Chase County

paragraphs: Chase County is the name of two counties in the United States:


title: Chase County, Nebraska

paragraphs: Chase County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2010 census, 3,966 people lived there. The county seat is Imperial. It was founded in 1873.


title: Cherry County, Nebraska

paragraphs: Cherry County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2010 census, 5,713 people lived there. The county seat is Valentine. It was founded in 1883.


title: Cheyenne County, Nebraska

paragraphs: Cheyenne County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2010 census, 9,998 people lived there. The county seat is Sidney. It was founded in 1871.


title: Clay County, Nebraska

paragraphs: Clay County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2010 census, 6,542 people lived there. The county seat is Clay Center. It was founded in 1855.


title: Colfax County

paragraphs: Colfax County is the name of two counties in the United States:


title: Colfax County, Nebraska

paragraphs: Colfax County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2010 census, 10,515 people lived there. The county seat is Schuyler. It was founded in 1869.


title: Cuming County, Nebraska

paragraphs: Cuming County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2010 census, 9,139 people lived there. The county seat is West Point. It was founded in 1855.


title: Custer County, Nebraska

paragraphs: Custer County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska, and was founded in February 17, 1877. As of the 2010 census, 10,939 people lived there. The county seat is Broken Bow.

paragraphs: It is the second largest county in Nebraska by area, after Cherry County.


title: Cleburne County

paragraphs: Cleburne County is the name of two counties in the United States:


title: Sierra County

paragraphs: Sierra County is the name of two counties in the United States:


title: San Juan County

paragraphs: San Juan County is the name of four counties in the United States:


title: San Miguel County

paragraphs: San Miguel County is the name of two counties in the United States:


title: McLean County

paragraphs: McLean County is the name of three counties in the United States:


title: Jamal Khashoggi

paragraphs: Jamal Ahmad Khashoggi (13 October 1958 – 2 October 2018) was a Saudi Arabian journalist and "Washington Post" columnist, author and the former general manager and editor-in-chief of Al Arab News Channel.

paragraphs: Khashoggi was kept hostage in the Saudi consulate in Istanbul on 2 October 2018. According to Turkish sources, they believe that Khashoggi was then brutally tortured for several days and later killed inside the Saudi consulate in Istanbul.

paragraphs: On 15 October, an inspection of the consulate, by both Saudi Arabian followed by Turkish officials took place and found evidence of "tampering" during the inspection, and evidence that supported the belief Khashoggi was killed.

paragraphs: On 20 October, the Saudi government admitted that Khashoggi had died inside the Turkish consulate, claiming he had been strangled to death after a fight had broken out.


title: Roger Gibbs

paragraphs: Sir Roger Geoffrey Gibbs (13 October 1934 – 3 October 2018) was a British financier. He held senior positions on the board of directors of Arsenal Football Club, the Wellcome Trust and Fleming Family & Partners.

paragraphs: Gibbs died on 3 October 2018 at the age of 83.


title: Dakota County, Nebraska

paragraphs: Dakota County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2010 census, 21,006 people lived there. The county seat is Dakota City. It was founded in March 7, 1855.


Dakota County


title: Haskell County

paragraphs: Haskell County is the name of three counties in the United States:


title: Joseph Kamaru

paragraphs: Joseph Kamaru (8 November 1938 – 3 October 2018) was a Kenyan rock and gospel musician and political activist. He was a leading Kikuyu musician, who has sold about half a million records. He was known for his politically motivated songs. His music covered the teachings of life and sexual harassment in Kenyan politics and social culture. He was known for his friendship with Presidents Jomo Kenyatta and Daniel arap Moi.

paragraphs: Kamaru died on 3 October 2018 at the age of 79 at a hospital in Nairobi from complications of Parkinson's disease.


title: Bent Lorentzen

paragraphs: Bent Lorentzen (11 February 1935 – 3 October 2018) was a Danish composer. He was born in Djursland, Denmark. He was one of the outstanding figures in contemporary Danish music. In 1970, he was awarded the "Prix Italia". He was named Choral Composer of the Year in Denmark in 1989.

paragraphs: Lorentzen was one of the earliest composers in the field of Danish electronic music such as "The Bottomless Pit" in 1972 for the "Nordic Music Days" in Oslo, and "Visions 1978". His last opera " Der Steppenwolf" was shown in 2016.

paragraphs: Lorentzen died on 3 October 2018 in Copenhagen from lymphoma at the age of 83.


title: Rusk County

paragraphs: Rusk County is the name of two counties in the United States:


title: Louisa County

paragraphs: Louisa County is the name of two counties in the United States:


title: Schuyler County

paragraphs: Schuyler County is the name of three counties in the United States:


title: Hamiet Bluiett

paragraphs: Hamiet Bluiett (; September 16, 1940 – October 4, 2018) was an American jazz saxophonist, clarinetist, and composer. His instrument was the baritone saxophone. Bluiett was born in Brooklyn, Illinois. He was thought to be one of the finest players of this instrument. He was member of the World Saxophone Quartet, he also played (and records with) the bass saxophone, E-flat alto clarinet, E-flat contra-alto clarinet, and wooden flute.

paragraphs: Bluiett died of complications from a stroke in Brooklyn, Illinois on October 4, 2018 at the age of 78.


title: Brooklyn, Illinois

paragraphs: Brooklyn (popularly known as Lovejoy), is a village in St. Clair County, Illinois, United States. It is located two miles north of East St. Louis, Illinois and three miles northeast of downtown St. Louis, Missouri. It is the oldest town incorporated by African Americans in the United States.

paragraphs: In 2015, the county's state attorney Brendan Kelly described the village as a 'failed state.'


title: Dawes County, Nebraska

paragraphs: Dawes County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2010 census, 9,182 people lived there. The county seat is Chadron. The county was founded in 1885 and named after Governor James W. Dawes.


title: Coat of Arms of Slovenia

paragraphs: The coat of arms of Slovenia has a red bordered blue shield on which there is a stylised white Mount Triglav. It was designed in 1991 by Marko Pogačnik and adopted on 24 June 1991.


title: Kevin Ellison (American football)

paragraphs: Kevin Marcus Ellison (January 8, 1987 – , 2018) was an American football safety. He was born in Inglewood, California. He last played for the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League. He was drafted by the San Diego Chargers in the sixth round of the 2009 NFL Draft.

paragraphs: He played college football at Southern California.

paragraphs: Ellison died in October 2018, according to the University of Southern California, at the age of 31.


title: Kurt Malangré

paragraphs: Kurt Malangré (18 September 1934 – 4 October 2018) was a German politician. He was born in Aachen.

paragraphs: In 1972 he was elected Mayor of Aachen, and from 1973–1989 he was Lord Mayor. From 1979 to 1999 he was also Member of the European Parliament.

paragraphs: Malangré died on October 4, 2018 in Aachen from lung cancer at the age of 84.


title: Dave Anderson

paragraphs: David Poole Anderson (May 6, 1929 – October 4, 2018) was an American sportswriter. He was born in Troy, New York. In 1981 he won a Pulitzer Prize for commentary on sporting events. He was the author of 21 books and more than 350 magazine articles.

paragraphs: Anderson died on October 4, 2018 at the age of 89 in Cresskill, New Jersey from heart failure.


title: Cresskill, New Jersey

paragraphs: Cresskill is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough's population was 8,573.


title: Imperial Seal of Japan

paragraphs: The Imperial Seal of Japan, also called the ', ' or , is a crest (mon) used by members of the Japanese Imperial family.


title: Will Vinton

paragraphs: William Gale "Will" Vinton (November 17, 1947 – October 4, 2018) was an American animator and filmmaker. He won an Oscar for his work and several Emmy Awards and Clio Awards. He was born in McMinnville, Oregon. Vinton was known for his works "The California Raisins", "The Adventures of Mark Twain" and "Return to Oz".

paragraphs: Vinton died of multiple myeloma in Portland, Oregon on October 4, 2018 at the age of 70.


title: Dawson County, Nebraska

paragraphs: Dawson County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska, and was founded in 1871. As of the 2010 census, 24,326 people lived there. The county seat is Lexington.


title: McMinnville, Oregon

paragraphs: McMinnville is the county seat of and largest city in Yamhill County, Oregon, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 32,187.


title: Yamhill County, Oregon

paragraphs: Yamhill County is a county in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2010 census, the population was 99,193. The county seat is McMinnville.


title: Coat of Arms of Brazil

paragraphs: The coat of arms of Brazil was adopted on November 19, 1889, four days after Brazil became a republic.

paragraphs: The coat of arms has the central emblem bordered by coffee (at the left) and tobacco (at the right) branches, which are important crops in Brazil.

paragraphs: In the blue circle in the center, the Southern Cross () can be seen. The ring of 27 stars around it represents Brazil's 26 states and the Federal District.

paragraphs: The blue ribbon has the official name of Brazil (República Federativa do Brasil — Federative Republic of Brazil) in its first line. In the second line, the date of the federative republic's establishment (November 15, 1889) is written.


title: Jimmy Duquennoy

paragraphs: Jimmy Duquennoy (9 June 1995 – 5 October 2018) was a Belgian cyclist. He rode for WB Aqua Protect Veranclassic. He was born in Tournai, Belgium.

paragraphs: Duquennoy died at age 23 after suffering cardiac arrest at his home in Wez-Velvain, Belgium.


title: 2018 Haiti earthquake

paragraphs: On October 6, 2018, at approximately 8:11 p.m, a magnitude 5.9 earthquake struck 19 km northwest of Port-de-Paix, Haiti. The earthquake killed at least 12 people, and shaking was felt as far away as Port-au-Prince.

paragraphs: The earthquake was the strongest to hit Haiti since January 12, 2010.


title: United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement

paragraphs: The United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA; Spanish: "Acuerdo Estados Unidos-México-Canadá", AEUMC; French: "Accord États-Unis-Mexique-Canada", AÉUMC) is a free trade agreement between Canada, Mexico, and the United States, replacing the previous North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). It is the result of the 2017–2018 renegotiation of NAFTA by its member states, which informally agreed to the terms on September 30, 2018, and formally on October 1. The agreement came into effect on July 1, 2020.

paragraphs: Compared to NAFTA, the agreement gives the U.S. more access to Canada's $19 billion dairy market, more domestic production of cars and trucks, increases environmental and labor regulations, and introduces updated intellectual property protections.


title: Ivar Odnes

paragraphs: Ivar Odnes (25 May 1963 – 5 October 2018) was a Norwegian politician for the Centre Party. He was a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Oppland during the term 2013–2017. He was born in Østre Toten and was from 2011 the deputy county mayor of Oppland.

paragraphs: Odnes died of pancreatic cancer on 5 October 2018 in Oslo at the age of 55.


title: Eef Brouwers

paragraphs: Evert (Eef) Brouwers (9 March 1939 – 6 October 2018) was a Dutch journalist and spokesman. He was born in Zwolle, Netherlands. He worked as a news presenter at Regionale Omroep Noord en Oost, AVRO, NOS Studio Sport, NOS and NOS Journaal. From 1977–1983 he was editor in chief of the Northern Dutch regional journal Nieuwsblad van het Noorden.

paragraphs: In 1995 he made a career move to become director-general of the Dutch information service "Rijksvoorlichtingsdienst", a position he had until January 1, 2004.

paragraphs: Brouwers died on 6 October 2018 in The Hague from colorectal cancer at the age 79.


title: Diptych

paragraphs: Diptych can refer to two paintings that are joined together.


title: Melvin Turpin

paragraphs: Melvin Harrison Turpin (December 28, 1960 – July 8, 2010), who commonly went by Mel Turpin, was an American professional basketball player. He played college basketball at the University of Kentucky, and professionally in the NBA for the Cleveland Cavaliers, Utah Jazz and Washington Bullets. He also played briefly in Liga ACB in Spain.

paragraphs: After a brilliant college career, which saw Turpin set several SEC records, Turpin was considered a draft disappointment in the 1984 NBA draft class, which is considered by many to be the greatest NBA draft class in history (Hall of Famers from the class include Hakeem Olajuwon, Michael Jordan, Charles Barkley, John Stockton and Oscar Schmidt - in the NBA, Jordan performed a rather famous dunk on Turpin). Turpin's relatively lackluster play in the professional ranks earned him many condescending nicknames, including Dinner Bell Mel and The Mealman. Other nicknames he obtained over his career include Big Dipper, and in Spain, El Mel and El Mucho Grande.

paragraphs: On July 8, 2010, Turpin committed suicide in his home in Lexington, Kentucky from an apparent self-inflicted gunshot wound.


title: Marvin Harrison

paragraphs: Marvin Darnell Harrison (born August 25, 1972) is a former American football wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for Syracuse University, and was drafted by the Indianapolis Colts in the first round of the 1996 NFL Draft. He spent all 13 of his NFL seasons with the Colts, most of them with quarterback Peyton Manning, and is widely considered as one of the greatest and most productive wide receivers in NFL history. He earned a Super Bowl ring with the team in Super Bowl XLI over the Chicago Bears.

paragraphs: Harrison was a Pro Football Hall of Fame finalist for the Classes of 2014 and 2015 before being elected in 2016, the same year his former coach Tony Dungy was voted into the Hall.


Efrem Zimbalist


title: Louie Louie

paragraphs: "Louie Louie" is a rhythm and blues song written by Richard Berry in 1955 and best known for the 1963 hit version by The Kingsmen. It is a rock standard. "Louie Louie" tells, in simple verse–chorus form, the first-person story of a Jamaican sailor returning to the island to see his lady love.

paragraphs: The Kingsmen's cover recording was the subject of an FBI investigation about the supposed but nonexistent obscenity of the lyrics, an investigation that ended without prosecution. Ironically, the recording notably includes the drummer yelling "Fuck!" after dropping his drumstick at the 0:54 mark.

paragraphs: While the Kingsmen's version did not top the "Billboard" chart, it did reach #1 on "Cashbox" for two weeks, and it was the last #1 before Beatlemania hit the United States with "I Want to Hold Your Hand". The Kingsmen's version of "Louie Louie" is considered the epitome of garage rock and is often considered one of the greatest rock songs of all time.


title: White Rabbit (song)

paragraphs: "White Rabbit" is a song written by Grace Slick and recorded by the American rock band Jefferson Airplane for their 1967 album "Surrealistic Pillow". The song is notable for its opening bassline played by Jack Casady, its bolero-type form, and for its drug references, which are believed to be the first of their kind to make it past radio censorship.

paragraphs: The song is influenced by "Alice in Wonderland". It is notably used in the movie "Platoon" (not to be confused with the film's theme, which is "Adagio for Strings"). The song often appears on critics' lists of the greatest songs of all time, and at 2:31, it is often one of the shortest songs in length on these lists.


title: R Apodis

paragraphs: R Apodis is a red giant star located in the constellation Apus. It is a variable star, meaning its size changes over time.


title: Solar radius

paragraphs: The solar radius is the radius (half of the diameter) of the Sun. It is the same as . It is used to find out the sizes of other stars.


title: Hyakutake

paragraphs: Hyakutake is a comet. It had the longest found comet tail of any comet, similar to 500 million kilometers.


title: Cabo Daciolo

paragraphs: Benevenuto Daciolo Fonseca dos Santos (born 30 March 1976), known as Cabo Daciolo (Corporal Daciolo in English), is a Brazilian military firefighter and politician. He was born in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. He is a member of Patriota (PATRI). In 2014, he was elected federal deputy from Rio de Janeiro. He wa expelled from PSOL in 2015.

paragraphs: On 28 March 2018, he was chosen by Patriota as pre-candidate for President of Brazil in the 2018 general election.


title: José Maria Eymael

paragraphs: José Maria Eymael (born 2 November 1939) is a Brazilian politician, lawyer and businessman. He is the founder of the Democracia Cristã (DC), known in English as the Christian Democracy. He was born in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul.

paragraphs: In 1985 Eymael was a candidate for mayor of São Paulo, but lost the election. In 1986 and again in 1990, he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies of Brazil, the lower house of the National Congress of Brazil. He ran again for mayor of São Paulo in 1992 but lost again.

paragraphs: He unsuccessfully ran for President of Brazil in the 2018 election under the Christian Democracy party.


title: Quentin Kenihan

paragraphs: Quentin Evan Kenihan (27 February 1975 – 6 October 2018) was an Australian disability activist, politician, comedian and actor. He was born with osteogenesis imperfecta, a bone disease in Box Hill, Victoria. He later was the host of a Ten Network television show "Quentin Crashes". In 2016, Kenihan was interviewed by Ray Martin in a notable interview that helped Kenihan's recognition. He was best known for his role in "" in the role of Corpus Colossus.

paragraphs: Kenihan was nominated as a councillor candidate for Adelaide at the elections on 9 November 2018.

paragraphs: Kenihan died on 6 October 2018 in Adelaide, South Australia from an asthma attack, aged 43.


title: Oleg Pavlov

paragraphs: Oleg Pavlov (; 16 March 1970 – 7 October 2018) was a Russian novelist. From Moscow, he was the winner of the Russian Booker Prize. Pavlov went on to win the Prize in 2002 with his next book, the second novel in what would become the trilogy "Tales from the Last Days".

paragraphs: His first novel, "Captain of the Steppe", has been translated into English and published by And Other Stories in 2013.

paragraphs: In his 2003 book "The Russian Man in the 20th Century", he wrote about Russian life, not only based on his personal experience.

paragraphs: Pavlov died in Moscow on 7 October 2018 from a heart attack at the age of 48.


title: Small seal script

paragraphs: Small seal script, or xiaozhuang characters, was the first set of Chinese characters that were made the standard all across China. Previously, each of the Warring States had their own Chinese characters. People from one state did not understand the characters from another. When the Qin dynasty (221 BC to 206 BC) conquered the other states, Emperor Qin Shi Huang forced all Imperial China to use Qin characters and Qin units of measurement. This allowed people all across China to communicate with each other without confusion.

paragraphs: Since the strokes used to write small seal script characters were very long, curvy, and difficult to write quickly, officials of the Han dynasty replaced small seal script with traditional characters, which are still used today in China. However, since small seal characters look very artistic, they can still be seen in Chinese seals and calligraphy today.


title: Imperial China

paragraphs: Imperial China is a period of Chinese history. It lasted over 2,000 years. It began with Qin Shi Huang's uniting of China under the Qin dynasty in 221 BC. It ended with the overthrow of the Qing dynasty in 1911. Throughout this period, many features of Chinese civilization spread throughout all of China. These included Confucianism, standardized testing, standardized weights and counting systems, trade routes, and Chinese characters. China became known worldwide for all these features.

paragraphs: Throughout this period, China had been ruled by many different dynasties, or ruling family lines. They included the Qin, Han, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan/Mongol, Ming, and Qing/Manchu dynasties. There were also several periods where China had been ruled by several different kingdoms.

paragraphs: Throughout most of Imperial China, China had been ruled by emperors and empresses who were Han Chinese. However, there were some dynasties where the ruling class was made of Chinese minority groups, such as the Yuan and Qing dynasties. They were ruled by the Mongols and Manchus in that same order.


title: Standardized test

paragraphs: A standardized test is a test that is done and scored in a consistent, or "standard", manner. Standardized tests are designed so that everything about them are standard. They are administered and scored in a predetermined, standard manner.

paragraphs: Often they are used as a test to join an institution or gain a license of some sort. The grading system is the same no matter where they are taken. They can be used for university entry, like the SAT and ACT in the United States or the Gaokao in the People's Republic of China (PRC). They can be used a requirement to get a job, like the LSAT for lawyers.

paragraphs: In the United States the term is often used for the multiple-choice questions used in the educational system. They are thought by some to be a poor way to measure educational progress. They are, however, convenient and cheap. Marking does not require expertise in the subject-matter.

paragraphs: Many psychological tests are designed to be standardized. They are designed to be "an objective and standardized measure of a sample of behavior".

paragraphs: The first known standardized test was in Imperial China, when Empress Wu allowed anyone who passed the test to be a government official based on their merit rather than birthright, meaning that people work to become leaders rather than being born into leadership. However, we do not know the details of this system.


title: La Brabançonne

paragraphs: "La Brabançonne" is the Belgium national anthem. It was written by Frenchman Alexandre Dechet.


title: Edwin Benton

paragraphs: Edwin Dean Benton is an American entrepreneur and filmmaker based in Los Angeles, California. Benton is known for launching "Slang N’ Friendz", a mobile game with Ludacris.

paragraphs: Benton was born and raised in Fresno, California. Benton graduated from University of Utah with a degree in Economics and Film with an emphasis on Screenwriting. In 2004, Benton produced directed the comedy pilot "Agenda: The Breakroom Bandit", which featured Kareem Grimes, Dino Archie, and Garrett Kirby. Subsequently, he was hired to film behind the scenes footage for Def Jam music artists such as Chrisette Michele and Johnta Austin. In 2012, he founded "Shine Residential", a health care agency known for servicing adults with intellectual disabilities.

paragraphs: Notably, in 2017, Benton partnered with Ludacris and founded "The C.A.T Apps", which developed "Slang N’ Friendz", a mobile game.


title: Heartbound (video game)

paragraphs: Heartbound is a planned role-playing game for Microsoft Windows, Linux and OS X, developed by an American Indie game developer, Pirate Software.

paragraphs: The game is about a young man called Lore, who struggles with his thoughts, such as depression and anxiety, while trying to find his dog, Baron, who has gone missing.

paragraphs: The game is influenced by the player's actions while playing the game. Performing negative actions, such as feeding Baron rubbish in the beginning of the game, causes Lore to become more evil and negative. Performing positive actions, such as feeding Baron dog food, causes Lore to become more positive himself.

paragraphs: An Alpha version of the game has been released - the full version is planned for release in December 2018.

paragraphs: Heartbound is similar to another role-playing game, Undertale, in that interactions with the environment causes the game's story to change. According to Pirate Game's website:

paragraphs: ""Every time you interact with an object, talk to an NPC, forget to turn off a light-switch, take out the trash, or disregard a sparkly bush the game remembers this and will change subtly for all further interactions. The greatest part about this design is that it already works and is in the current builds of the game. Both minor and major differences are going to pop up throughout the game and give the community something to share with one another. Everything you do matters no matter what kind of player you are or choose to be.""

paragraphs: Heartbound has a different combat system to most other role-playing games. Instead of attacking enemies based on a statistics system, the player has to complete minigames, which can either deal damage or cause the player to lose health, depending on the exact minigame. Equipment can also be found around the worlds Lore explores, which will increase attack strength or maximum health. Battles are not random - they are supposed to occur at specific points in the game, although some are avoidable if the player goes down certain gameplay routes.


title: Plot hole

paragraphs: In fiction, a plot hole is a part of a story that goes against something that has already been stated. These may include events that should not happen according for in-universe reasons, events that seem unlikely or events that contradict earlier events in the narrative.

paragraphs: The term can also be used to describe a situation that has not been resolved by the end of the plot, even though there will be no continuing story.


title: Psychological test

paragraphs: Psychological testing of the modern type started about 150 years ago. Francis Galton (1822–1911) invented the first tests. The American psychologist James Cattell (1860–1944) studied with Galton and then, in 1890, published a classic paper "Mental Tests and Measurements".

paragraphs: The definition of a psychological test is "an objective and standardized measure of a sample of behavior". The kind of tests which were developed included:

paragraphs: Psychologists who give these tests have training and qualifications which tell the employer that they are certified to give the tests and assess (understand) the results.