title: Las Vegas algorithm

paragraphs: A Las Vegas algorithm is an algorithm that uses randomness which has the consequence that the algorithm terminates with probability $p<1$. If the algorithm does terminate then it does so with a correct result (unlike a Monte Carlo algorithm which definitely terminates but with a result that is only correct with probability $p<1$). The algorithm gambles with the resources used. It may take a very long times to give back a result, or it may not give back a result at all.

paragraphs: A simple example would be a version of the Quicksort. Quicksort is used to quickly sort things (mostly numbers). For this, each element is compared to a central element (called "pivot"). Depending on how this element is selected the sorting can take more time or less.

paragraphs: Most often, a Las Vegas algorithm is used to pick the pivot randomly.


title: Factorial

paragraphs: The factorial of a whole number "n," written as n!,"" is found by multiplying "n" by all the whole numbers less than it. For example, the factorial of "4" is "24", because "4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 24". Hence one can write "4! = 24". For some technical reasons, "0!" is equal to "1".

paragraphs: Factorial can be used to find out how many possible ways there are to arrange n objects.

paragraphs: For example, if there are 3 letters (A, B, and C), they can be arranged as ABC, ACB, BAC, BCA, CAB, and CBA. That would be 6 choices because A can be put in 3 different places, B has 2 choices left after A is placed, and C has only one choice left after A and B have been placed. In other words, 3×2×1 = 6 choices.

paragraphs: The factorial function is a good example of recursion (doing things over and over), as 3! can be written as 3×(2!), which can be written as 3×2×(1!) and finally as 3×2×1×(0!). N! can therefore also be defined as N×(N-1)!, with 0! = 1.

paragraphs: The factorial function grows very fast. There are 10! = 3,628,800 ways to arrange 10 items.

paragraphs: "n"! is not defined for negative numbers. However, the related gamma function is defined over the real and complex numbers (but the integers it is defined over are positive).


title: Database

paragraphs: A database is a system for storing and taking care of data (any kind of information).

paragraphs: A database engine can sort, change or serve the information on the database. The information itself can be stored in many different ways; before digital computers, card files, printed books and other methods were used. Now most data is kept on computer files.

paragraphs: A database system is a computer program for managing electronic databases. A very simple example of a database system would be an electronic address book.

paragraphs: The data in a database is organized in some way. Before there were computers, employee data was often kept in filing cabinets. There was usually one card for each employee. On the card, information such as the date of birth or the name of the employee could be found. A database also has such "cards". To the user, the card will look the same as it did in old times, only this time it will be on the screen. To the computer, the information on the card can be stored in different ways. Each of these ways is known as a database model. The most commonly used database model is called the "relational database model". It uses relations and sets to store the data. Normal users talking about the database model will not talk about relations; instead, they will talk about database tables.

paragraphs: In databases, some data changes occasionally. There may be problems when data is changed; for example, an error might have occurred. The error might make the data useless. The database system looks at the data to ensure that it meets certain requirements. It does this by using a transaction. There are two points in time in the database, the time before the data was changed, and the time after the data was changed. If something goes wrong when changing the data, the database system simply puts the database back into the state before the change happened. This is called a "rollback". After all the changes are done successfully, they are "committed". This means that the data makes sense again; committed changes can no longer be undone.

paragraphs: In order to be able to do this, databases follow the ACID principle:

paragraphs: There are different ways how to represent the data.

paragraphs: As in real life, the same data can be looked at from different perspectives, and it can be organized in different ways. There are different things to consider, when organizing the data:


title: Lichtenfels

paragraphs: Lichtenfels is a German town in Franconia. Its population is about 21,000. It lies at the Main River and between Coburg and Bamberg.

paragraphs: It is also called the German Basket City.

paragraphs: There is the A 73 Nürnberg-Coburg-Erfurt, the B173 Bamberg-Dresden and the B 289 Coburg-Rehau


title: Neustadt bei Coburg

paragraphs: Neustadt bei Coburg is a German city in the North of Franconia and has an population of ca. 17,000. It is near Coburg. Its mayor is Frank Rebhan (SPD).

paragraphs: Next important traffic routes are in Coburg.


title: Kronach

paragraphs: Kronach is a German town in northern Upper Franconia. Its population is about 18,000. It is in the Frankenwald near Coburg. Its mayor is Wolfgang Beiergrößlein.

paragraphs: Next important Traffic routes are in Coburg and Lichtenfels.


title: Rödental

paragraphs: Rödental is a German town in the north of Franconia. There are about 14,000 people living in Rödental. Rödental and Coburg have grown together like one city. The mayor of Rödental is Gerhard Preß.


title: Rocko's Modern Life

paragraphs: Rocko's Modern Life is an animated television show that aired on Nickelodeon from 1993 to 1996. A comic book series also named "Rocko's Modern Life" was made.

paragraphs: Its characters included an Australian wallaby named Rocko, his dog Spunky, his best friend Heffer, a turtle named Filbert who was a big fan of Fishsticks, and his not-so-friendly neighbors Mr. and Mrs. Bighead. The show's story line was based on Rocko's everyday life, which was anything but normal.


title: Jörð

paragraphs: Jörð (or Jord) is a giantess (jötun) and goddess in Norse mythology. Her name means "earth". She is also called Fjörgyn.

paragraphs: Jörð is the wife of Odin, king of the gods, and the mother of Thor. Her parents are Annar and Nótt.

paragraphs: Snorri Sturluson says Jörð was included among the Asynjur. Her name occurs most often in Skaldic and Eddic poetry in phrases that refer to Thor as "the son of Jörð". There is some confusion, however, because in some parts of the Poetic Edda the word "Fjörgyn" appears in phrases referring to Thor, such as in the poem "Voluspa", where Thor is described as "the son of Fjörgyn". Scholars explain the confusion by pointing out that Fjörgyn, as an Old Norse noun, means "earth" when used in the feminine form.


title: Alfred Russel Wallace

paragraphs: Alfred Russel Wallace OM, FRS (8 January 1823 – 7 November 1913) was a British naturalist, explorer, biologist and social activist. He is best known for proposing a theory of natural selection. This was published in 1858 together with Charles Darwin's idea.

paragraphs: Wallace did extensive natural history exploring. He went first to the Amazon River basin with Henry Walter Bates, and later to Malaya and Indonesia. He wrote books on both these adventures. While in Indonesia he drew the "Wallace Line" which divides Indonesia into two parts. On one side are animals of Australasia. On the other side are species mostly of Asian origin. He wrote a wonderful book on biogeography (the distribution of animals).

paragraphs: After a few years of working as a railway surveyor with his brother, Wallace's life was changed by meeting Henry Walter Bates in Leicester in 1847.

paragraphs: Wallace and Bates discussed the idea of an expedition to the Amazon. The plan was to defray expenses by sending specimens back to London, where an agent would sell them for a commission. Also, for the travellers to ""gather facts towards solving the problem of the origin of species"", as Wallace put it in a letter to Bates. The two friends, who were both by now experienced amateur entomologists, met in London to prepare themselves by viewing South American plants and animals in the main collections.

paragraphs: Bates and Wallace sailed from Liverpool in April 1848, arriving in Pará (now Belém) at the end of May. For the first year they settled in a villa near the city, collecting birds and insects. After that they agreed to collect independently.

paragraphs: Wallace continued charting the Amazon for four years, collecting specimens and making notes on the peoples, the languages, the geography, flora, and fauna. On 12 July 1852, Wallace embarked for England on the brig "Helen". After twenty-eight days at sea, balsam in the ship's cargo caught fire and the crew was forced to abandon ship. All of the specimens Wallace had on the ship, most of his collection, were lost. He could only save part of his diary and a few sketches. Wallace and the crew spent ten days in an open boat before being picked up by the brig "Jordeson".

paragraphs: From 1854 to 1862, age 31 to 39, Wallace travelled through the "Dutch East Indies" (now Malaysia and Indonesia), to collect specimens for sale and to study nature. Wallace collected more than 125,000 specimens in the Dutch East Indies (more than 80,000 beetles alone). More than a thousand of them represented species new to science.

paragraphs: His observations of the clear zoological differences across a narrow strait in the archipelago led to his proposing the zoogeographical boundary now known as the Wallace Line. Bali and Lombok were two islands in the archipelago only 17 miles apart at the widest (28 km), roughly the same size and with the same climate, soil, elevation and aspect. Yet their flora and fauna were so different.

paragraphs: "In this archipelago there are two distinct faunas rigidly circumscribed, which differ as much as do those of Africa and South America... yet there is nothing on the map or on the face of the islands to mark their limits. The boundary line passes between islands closer together than others belonging to the same group. I believe the western part to be a separated portion of continental Asia, while the eastern is a fragmentary prolongation of a former west Pacific continent".

paragraphs: Why was it, he wondered, that the animals and plants on the Bali side of the channel were of Asian types, while those on the Lombok side were Australasian in type? This had to mean that the western group had evolved from common western stock, while the eastern group had evolved from a common eastern stock.

paragraphs: While he was exploring the archipelago, he refined his thoughts about evolution and had his famous insight on natural selection. In 1858 he sent an article outlining his theory to Darwin; it was published, along with a description of Darwin's own theory, in the same year.

paragraphs: Accounts of his studies and adventures there were eventually published in 1869 as "The Malay Archipelago". It became one of the most popular natural history travel journals of the 19th century. It was praised by Charles Darwin and Charles Lyell and by others, such as the novelist Joseph Conrad, who called it his "favorite bedside companion".

paragraphs: Unlike Darwin, Wallace began his career as a travelling naturalist already believing in evolution. Both he and Bates had read "Vestiges", a controversial work of popular science, published anonymously in 1844. This advocated an evolutionary origin for the solar system, the earth, and living things. He also read Malthus's "Principle of population", which he says "twenty years later gave me the long-sought clue to the effective agent in the evolution of organic species". He meant by that the struggle for existence, which led Wallace to "natural selection".

paragraphs: Wallace wrote his ideas on the small isle of "Ternate", in what was then the Dutch East Indies. He was suffering from malaria. While the natives looked after him, his thoughts turned to Malthus's book.

paragraphs: "I thought of [Malthus's] clear exposition of the 'positive checks to increase' – disease, accidents, wars, famine – which keep down the population... It then occurred to me that the same causes, or their equivalents, are

paragraphs: continually acting in the case of animals also... Why do some die and some live? And the answer came clearly, that on the whole the best fitted live... Then it suddenly flashed upon me, that this self-acting process would necessarily improve the race..."

paragraphs: This was the origin of his letter to Darwin, which set out the idea of natural selection.

paragraphs: In 1864 Wallace published a paper, "The origin of human races and the antiquity of Man deduced from the theory of natural selection", applying the theory to human beings. Huxley had already published his view that evolution applied to mankind as it did to other living things.

paragraphs: Wallace thought that natural selection could not account for mathematical, artistic, or musical genius, as well as metaphysical musings, wit and humour. He eventually said that something in "the unseen universe of Spirit" had interceded at least three times in history. The first was the creation of life from inorganic matter. The second was the introduction of consciousness in the higher animals. And the third was the generation of the higher mental faculties in mankind. He also believed that the purpose of the universe was the development of the human spirit.

paragraphs: Many, including Huxley, Hooker, and Darwin himself, were highly critical of these ideas. As one historian of science has pointed out, Wallace's views in this area were at odds with two major tenets of Darwinism. These are: evolution does not have a goal, and it is not aimed at or centered around mankind. It is thought by most biographers that his thinking on the evolution of man was influenced by his adoption of spiritualism, which happened at the same time.

paragraphs: Wallace was not a believer in revealed religion of any kind, but he did believe in spiritualism. This has puzzled biographers, who struggle to think why such a man would believe in spirits. Early in his life, he experimented with hypnosis, which was then doubted and criticised. He used some of his students in Leicester as subjects, with considerable success. Apparently, this persuaded him not to reject ideas which were doubted. Even when Huxley told him that one of his favourite mediums was a proven fraud, he refused to believe it. He preferred the evidence of his own experience.

paragraphs: Wallace's public support of spiritualism, and his defence of spiritualist mediums against allegations of fraud, damaged his scientific reputation. It strained his relationships with friends such as Bates, Huxley and Darwin, who felt he was overly credulous. Others became openly hostile to Wallace over the issue. Wallace and other scientists who defended spiritualism were subject to much criticism from the press, with "The Lancet", the leading English medical journal, being particularly harsh. The controversy affected the public's idea of Wallace for the rest of his career, though he was always respected in other ways.

paragraphs: Wallace had a wide range of interests, and wrote books about all of them. He wrote against vaccination, for phrenology, for spiritualism, for land nationalisation, against the moon having canals, and for social change and the progress and improvement of mankind. He did not believe in religion, but he did believe in spiritualism. He was a radical in politics, economics and social reform. He was a kind and honourable person, but he could be a tough opponent if he thought something unfair was going on. Even the titles of some of his books were sensational, as for example:

paragraphs: Wallace wrote about 22 books, depending on how one counts them.


title: Nikolai Vavilov

paragraphs: Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov (25 November 1887 – 26 January 1943) was a Russian botanist and geneticist. He is best known for showing how and where crop plants evolved. He devoted his life to agriculture: the study and improvement of wheat, corn, and other cereal crops.

paragraphs: By 1940, Vavilov had accumulated a collection of 200,000 plant seeds from the Soviet Union and from abroad. He was widely admired, but his life came to a terrible end. Vavilov repeatedly criticised a powerful but poor scientist, Trofim Lysenko. As a result, Vavilov was arrested, and died of starvation in a prison in 1943. Today Vavilov's name stands high. The "Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry" in St. Petersburg is named after him. It maintains one of the world's largest collections of plant genetic material.

paragraphs: This is mimicry in plants where a weed comes to look like a crop plant. Before herbicides, weeds were plucked by hand. This has been done for thousands of years. The weeds come to look like the crop because the weeders pick those weeds which look most different. Vavilovian mimicry is caused by unintentional selection by humans. The weeds that survive pass on their genes. Gradually, all the weeds look more like the crop plant.

paragraphs: An example is rye, a common Mediterranean species. Rye was originally just a weed growing with wheat and barley. Weeding made it like the crop. Like wheat, it came to have larger seeds and more rigid spindles to which the seeds are attached.

paragraphs: Rye is a tougher plant than wheat: it survives in harsher conditions. Having become a crop like the wheat, rye was able to become a crop plant in harsh areas, such as hills and mountains.


title: Gilbert White

paragraphs: Gilbert White (18 July 1720 – 26 June 1793) was a pioneering English naturalist and ornithologist.

paragraphs: White was born in his grandfather's vicarage at Selborne in Hampshire. He was educated by a private tutor in Basingstoke before going to Oriel College, Oxford University. He obtained his deacon's orders in 1746, being fully ordained in 1749.

paragraphs: Then he held several curacies in Hampshire and Wiltshire, including Selbourne. White also held the office of Junior Proctor at Oxford and was Dean of Oriel College. In 1784 he became curate of Selborne for the last time, remaining so until his death.

paragraphs: White is best known for the "The Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne" (1789). This was a collection of his letters to Thomas Pennant, the leading British zoologist of the day, and the Hon. Daines Barrington, an English barrister and Fellow of the Royal Society. These letters contained White's discoveries on local birds, animals and plants. White believed in observing birds rather than collecting specimens. He was one of the first people to separate the similar-looking Chiffchaff, Willow Warbler and Wood Warbler by means of their song.

paragraphs: White is regarded by many as England's first ecologist and one of the founders of modern respect for nature.


title: Charles Lyell

paragraphs: Sir Charles Lyell, 1st Baronet, (14 November 1797 – 22 February 1875) was a British geologist. He was the foremost geologist of his day, and an influence on the young Charles Darwin. His work was rewarded with a knighthood, and later he was created a hereditary baronet.

paragraphs: The house of his birth is in the Scottish Lowlands. it is in the valley of the Highland Boundary Fault, one of the great features of Scottish geology. Round the house is farmland, but within a short distance to the north-west are the Grampian Mountains in the Scottish Highlands.

paragraphs: Charles would have seen this view from his house as a child. He was also fortunate that his family's second home was in a completely different area: at Bartley Lodge in the New Forest, England. Both these places lit his interest in the natural world.

paragraphs: Lyell was a rich man, and earned more money as an author. He came from a prosperous family, and worked briefly as a lawyer in the 1820s. He held was a Professor of Geology at King's College London in the 1830s. From 1830 onward his books gave him both income and fame.

paragraphs: Lyell's "Principles of Geology" was his most famous and most important book. It was first published in three volumes, in 1830–33. The book was about the ideas of James Hutton, but with many additions, improvements and examples. The book made Lyell to be known as an important geological theorist. It was a work of synthesis, backed by his own personal observations on his travels.

paragraphs: The central argument in "Principles" was that "the present is the key to the past". This was called by William Whewell 'uniformitarianism'. Geological remains from the distant past are explained by processes we can see operating now. Lyell's interpretation of geologic change as the steady accumulation of minute changes over enormously long spans of time was a big influence on his young friend, Charles Darwin.


title: John Ray

paragraphs: John Ray (29 November 1627 – 17 January 1705) was an English naturalist, sometimes referred to as the father of English natural history. Ray was the son of a village blacksmith who got to Cambridge University on a scholarship. This was in 1644, when the Puritans were making war against Charles I. When he got his bachelor's degree in 1648, he continued as a Fellow of Trinity College.

paragraphs: Ray was a Protestant dissenter who had accepted the return of Charles II. He was ordained as a priest of the Church of England, in London in 1660. By then, Charles II insisted that all priests sign an affadavit against the Puritan party. The Act of Uniformity of 1662 made the Book of Common Prayer compulsory in religious services, which was opposed by those of Puritan beliefs. Ray would not sign the affidavit, so he was forced to resign his Fellowship, and could not work as a priest.

paragraphs: Ray returned to his native village of Black Notley, near Braintree in Essex. After Ray joined up with a former student, Francis Willughby, the pair spent three years in continental Europe, discovering what the latest scientific ideas were. When he returned to England in Spring 1666, he joined the new Royal Society, and devoted himself to the study of natural history. His most important scientific works were supported financially by the Royal Society, whose President at a critical time in the 1680s was Samuel Pepys.

paragraphs: Ray published important works on plants, animals, and natural theology. His classification of plants in his "Historia Plantarum", was an important step towards modern taxonomy. Ray rejected the system by which species were classified according to an either/or type system. Instead he classified plants by observation according to similarities and differences. Thus he advanced scientific empiricism against the deductive rationalism of the scholastics. He was the first person to give a biological definition of the term "species".

paragraphs: Ray published about 23 works, depending on how one counts them. The biological works were usually in Latin, the rest in English. For ease of reading, the titles below are in English.

paragraphs: Including the various editions, there are 172 works of Ray, of which most are rare. The only libraries with substantial holdings are all in England. The list in order of holdings is:


title: WWE Diva Search

paragraphs: The WWE Diva Search was a competition held by the World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) which ran from 2003 to 2007. The aim of the contest was to find a new WWE Diva, from the 2004 contest onwards the winner of the contest was offered a WWE Contract which was worth $250,000.

paragraphs: Despite only one winner of the competition each year (excluding 2003) the WWE has signed multiple diva search contestants, including Candice Michelle, Taryn Terrell and many others.

paragraphs: In 2003 the first Diva Search was held, however the winner of the first Diva Search Jaime Koeppe did not receive a contract. She did receive a photoshoot for an issue of WWE Magazine.

paragraphs: Despite Christy Hemme winning, the WWE hired many other Divas also featured within the contest, this included, Michelle McCool, Amy Weber, Candice Michelle, Maria Kennllis and Joy Giovanni.

paragraphs: Like the previous year's Diva Search, Ashley Massaro was not the only Diva WWE hired, this included, Kristal Marshall, Trenesha Biggers and Elisabeth Rouffaer.

paragraphs: Like the past two years this also featured the WWE hiring many losing Divas, this included, Milena Roucka, the Garcia Twins, Rebecca DiPietro, Amy Zidian and Maryse Ouellet.

paragraphs: WWE like in the previous years WWE hired runner-ups, this included, Taryn Terrell, Lena Yada and Angela Fong.


title: Vladimir Horowitz

paragraphs: Vladimir Samoylovich Horowitz (, "Vladimir Samojlovich Horovitz") (October 1, 1903 – November 5, 1989) was a Russian-American classical pianist. He is often said to be one of the best pianists of the 20 century.

paragraphs: Horowitz was born in Kiev, that time part of the Russian Empire (now Ukraine) to a Jewish family in 1903. He was the youngest of four children. His father was an engineer and his mother was a pianist. He first started piano lessons from his mother at an early age. In 1912 he joined Kiev University where he was taught by Vladimir Puchalsky, Sergei Tarnowsky, and Felix Blumenfeld. He performed Sergei Rachmaninoff's Piano Concerto No. 3 in D Minor on his graduation. He then performed his first solo concert in Kharkiv in 1920.

paragraphs: Horowitz got more and more famous but was often paid in food rather than money because Russia wasn't very rich. Although performing in many concerts, he secretly wanted to be a composer. In 1925, he moved to the West, intending not to return.

paragraphs: On January 2, 1926, Horowitz played his first concert outside of Russia. He then played in many other places, such as Berlin, Paris, and London. He gave his first concerts in the United States in 1928.

paragraphs: When World War II started in 1939, Horowitz decided to live in the U. S. He became an American citizen in 1944. Horowitz was very proud of being an American, and decided to make a piano version of Sousa's The Stars and Stripes Forever. He played many concerts to raise money for the war effort, and he asked people to call him "the American pianist." Horowitz began playing music written by an American composer, Samuel Barber, and gave the world’s first performances of the Barber's Piano Sonata and Excursions.

paragraphs: During World War II, Horowitz also played a lot of Russian music, giving the first performances in America of Prokofiev's Piano Sonatas Nos. 6, 7 and 8 (which were called "War Sonatas") and Kabalevsky's Piano Sonatas Nos. 2 and 3.

paragraphs: Horowitz stopped playing concerts four times (1936 to 1938, 1953 to 1965, 1969 to 1974, and 1983 to 1985), as he was unsure that he was good enough, even when he was popular.

paragraphs: He made his television debut on September 22, 1968, in a concert at Carnegie Hall.

paragraphs: Horowitz was most well known for playing music written between 1830 and 1920. His 1932 recording of the Liszt Sonata is still considered by many to be the best ever, even though many other pianists have recorded it. Other pieces he was famous for were Scriabin's Étude in D-sharp minor, Chopin's Ballade No. 1 in G minor, and many of Rachmaninoff’s short pieces, including Polka de W.R. Horowitz was praised for his way of playing the Rachmaninoff Piano Concerto No. 3, and the composer said "he swallowed it whole. He had the courage, the intensity, the daring." Horowitz later became good friends with Rachmaninoff. Horowitz was also well known for playing quieter works like Schumann's Scenes of Childhood, Scarlatti sonatas, and some Mozart and Haydn sonatas.

paragraphs: Horowitz's way of playing often used large contrasts between soft and loud volumes. He was able to play louder than most other pianists, without making an ugly sound. His playing was also known for many different kinds of sounds – sometimes called "tone colors". Horowitz was also famous for playing precise passages in octaves very fast.

paragraphs: Horowitz began making recordings in 1928. He recorded for several record labels. His most famous early records were Rachmaninoff's Piano Concerto No. 3 with Albert Coates and the London Symphony Orchestra (the first time that piece was recorded) and Franz Liszt's Sonata in B minor.

paragraphs: When Horowitz was not playing in public, he sometimes made recordings in his house. His recordings won many awards, and he continued recording until a few days before he died.

paragraphs: In 1986, Horowitz told his friends that “before I die, I want to see the land where I was born.” So, he decided to play two concerts in Russia. At the time, Russia and the United States were trying to be more friendly with each other, and Horowitz’s concerts were part of that effort. The concert in Russia’s capitol, Moscow, was shown on TV, and people in the audience could be seen wiping tears from their eyes.

paragraphs: When Horowitz returned to the United States, President Ronald Reagan gave him the Presidential Medal of Freedom.

paragraphs: Vladimir Horowitz died on November 5, 1989 in New York of a heart attack. He was 86.


title: Thomas Henry Huxley

paragraphs: Thomas Henry Huxley PC PRS (4 May 1825 – 29 June 1895) was an English biologist who specialised in comparative anatomy. He was born in Ealing, Middlesex. He was a friend and supporter of Charles Darwin, and had a public career. He was a member of ten Royal Commissions.

paragraphs: Today he is sometimes called "Darwin's Bulldog" for his support of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution. However, this term was not used during his lifetime. Huxley was slow to accept some of Darwin's ideas, but he was wholehearted in his public support of Darwin.

paragraphs: Huxley's 1860 debate with the English Bishop Samuel Wilberforce was a famous public event. The debate was about evolution, and it was widely reported in the press. Many thought Huxley won that debate, which helped Huxley's career, and the theory of evolution.

paragraphs: Huxley also developed scientific education in Britain, and fought against the more extreme forms of religion. These activities had a big effect on the way people in Britain and elsewhere thought about the world. Huxley used the term "agnostic" to say that he did not know if there is a god or not. We continue to use the term "agnostic" today.

paragraphs: Huxley had little schooling, and taught himself almost everything he knew. Remarkably, he became a great anatomist and zoologist. Later, he discussed the evolution of man and the apes. Another of his ideas was that birds evolved from small carnivorous dinosaurs, which is now known to be true.

paragraphs: Huxley died in Eastbourne, Sussex. Three of his grandsons became famous in the 20th century.

paragraphs: As a young man, Huxley went on a long voyage of discovery to the southern continents. He was Assistant to the Surgeon on the Royal Navy ship HMS "Rattlesnake". What he did was to collect sea animals, and study them. He went ashore in New Guinea and the eastern coast of Australia, to study the animals, and the native peoples. He fell in love with a girl in Sydney, Australia, and some years later they married and had children.

paragraphs: For nearly ten years he worked on the relationship of man to the apes. This led him into a clash with Richard Owen, a man who was disliked for his behaviour, but admired for his skill. The struggle between them ended in some severe defeats for Owen.

paragraphs: Huxley's public lectures grew into his most famous work "Man's place in Nature" (1863). There he deals with the evolution of man, before Charles Darwin published his "Descent of Man" in 1871.

paragraphs: In the book Huxley gives evidence for the evolution of man and apes from a common ancestor. It was the first book devoted to the topic of human evolution. The book proposed to a wide readership that "evolution applied as fully to man as to all other life".

paragraphs: Huxley was an important public figure. When he was young there were virtually no degrees in British universities in biology, and few courses. Most biologists of his day were either self-taught, or took medical degrees. By the time he retired there were professors in biology in most universities, and a broad agreement on what should be taught. Huxley was the single most influential person in this transformation. Huxley was for about thirty years evolution's most effective champion. For some, Huxley was ""the" leading English spokesman for science in the nineteenth century".

paragraphs: Huxley supported the reading of the Bible in schools. Huxley was against organised religion, but he thought the Bible's moral teachings and use of language helped English life. "I do not advocate burning your ship to get rid of the cockroaches".

paragraphs: However, what Huxley proposed was to create an "edited version" of the Bible, without "shortcomings and errors... These tender children [should] not be taught that which you do not yourselves believe". The London School Board voted against his idea, but it also voted against the idea that public money should be used to support students attending church schools. Vigorous debate took place on such points, and the debates were written down in detail. Huxley said "I will never be a party to enabling the state to sweep the children of this country into denominational schools". The Act of Parliament which founded board schools allowed the reading of the Bible, but did not permit any particular religious doctrine to be taught.

paragraphs: It may be right to see Huxley as helping the secularisation of British society which gradually occurred over the following century. Ernst Mayr said "It can hardly be doubted that [biology] has helped to undermine traditional beliefs and value systems". Huxley more than anyone else was responsible for this trend in Britain.

paragraphs: Huxley worked on ten Royal and other commissions. The subjects included medical law, contagious diseases, vivisection; fisheries; universities in Scotland, and science education in Ireland. He was Inspector of Fisheries 1881–85, and held many awards from many universities. He was President of the Royal Society from 1883–1885. The British state made him a Privy Councillor, as a reward for his public work.


title: Theodosius Dobzhansky

paragraphs: Theodosius Dobzhansky, or Theodore Dobzhansky, (24 January 1900 – 18 December 1975) was a noted geneticist and an evolutionary biologist.

paragraphs: Dobzhansky was born in the Ukraine (then part of Imperial Russia) and emigrated to the United States in 1927. He was a central figure in the field of evolutionary biology for his work on the fruit-fly "Drosophila". He did research on these flies in California, mostly on populations of "Drosophila pseudoobscura".

paragraphs: Dobzhansky was important in the modern evolutionary synthesis, which was the synthesis of evolutionary biology with genetics.

paragraphs: At school Dobzhansky collected butterflies and beetles, and studied biology at Kiev University. After graduation he moved to St Petersburg (then called Leningrad), and studied under Yuri Filipchenko, who had a "Drosophila" lab. Dobzhansky collected Coccinellidae (ladybird beetles) in the wild, and explored their genetics.

paragraphs: Dobzhansky emigrated to the United States in 1927. He worked with Thomas Hunt Morgan at Columbia University, who had pioneered the use of fruit flies ("Drosophila melanogaster") in genetics experiments. He followed Morgan to the California Institute of Technology from 1930 to 1940. Dobzhansky took fruit fly research out of the laboratory and into the field. He discovered that regional varieties of flies were more similar to each other genetically than to flies from other regions.

paragraphs: In 1937 Dobzhansky published one of the major works of the modern evolutionary synthesis, entitled "Genetics and the Origin of Species". He defined evolution as "a change in the allele frequency within a gene pool". It is through changes in the proportion of alleles in a population that evolution takes place. Also in 1937, he became a naturalized citizen of the United States. During this time he had a falling out with one of his "Drosophila" collaborators, Alfred Sturtevant, based perhaps on professional competition.

paragraphs: Dobzhansky returned to Columbia University from 1940 to 1962. He was one of the signatories of the 1950 UNESCO statement "The Race Question". He then moved to the Rockefeller University) until his retirement in 1971.


title: Julian Huxley

paragraphs: Sir Julian Sorell Huxley FRS (22 June 1887 – 14 February 1975) was an English evolutionary biologist, humanist and internationalist. He was born in London, and died there. He was a proponent of natural selection, and a leading figure in the modern evolutionary synthesis.

paragraphs: He was Secretary of the Zoological Society of London (1935–1942), the first Director of UNESCO, and a founding member of the World Wildlife Fund.

paragraphs: Huxley came from the distinguished Huxley family. His brother was the writer Aldous Huxley, and his half-brother, a fellow biologist and Nobel laureate, Andrew Huxley; and his paternal grandfather was Thomas Henry Huxley, a friend and supporter of Charles Darwin and proponent of evolution.

paragraphs: Huxley was well known for his presentation of science in books and articles, and on radio and television. He was awarded UNESCO's "Kalinga Prize" for the popularisation of science in 1953, the "Darwin Medal" of the Royal Society in 1956, and the "Darwin-Wallace medal" of the Linnean Society in 1958. He was also knighted in that same year, 1958, a hundred years after Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace announced the theory of evolution by natural selection. In 1959 he received a Special Award of the Lasker Foundation in the category Planned Parenthood – World Population. Huxley was a prominent member of the British Eugenics Society.

paragraphs: His particular interest was bird behaviour, especially the courtship of water birds. His observations on the ethology of the Great Crested Grebe, published in 1914, was a landmark in avian field research. His invention of vivid labels for the rituals (such as 'penguin dance', 'plesiosaurus race' etc.) made the ideas memorable and interesting to the general reader.

paragraphs: Huxley was the most important biologist after August Weismann to insist on natural selection as the primary agent in evolution. A fine communicator, he was a prominent populariser of biological science to the public. In the early 20th century he was one of the minority of biologists who believed that natural selection was the main driving force of evolution, and that evolution occurred by small steps and not by jumps. These opinions are now standard. Though his time as an academic was quite brief, he taught and encouraged a number of evolutionary biologists at the University of Oxford in the 1920s.

paragraphs: Huxley was a key figure in the modern evolutionary synthesis. This explained how the discoveries of Gregor Mendel on genetics fitted with Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by means of natural selection. Huxley's

paragraphs: Huxley's first 'trial run' was the treatment of evolution in the "Science of Life" (1929–30), and in 1936 he published a long and significant paper for the British Association. In 1938 came three lengthy reviews on major evolutionary topics.

paragraphs: Now it was time for Huxley to tackle the subject of evolution at full length, in what became the defining work of his life. His book "" was written whilst he was Secretary to the Zoological Society, and made use of his remarkable collection of reprints covering the first part of the century. It was published in 1942. Reviews of the book in learned journals were little short of ecstatic; the American Naturalist called it "The outstanding evolutionary treatise of the decade, perhaps of the century. The approach is thoroughly scientific; the command of basic information amazing".

paragraphs: Huxley's main co-respondents in the modern evolutionary synthesis are usually listed as Ernst Mayr, Theodosius Dobzhansky, George Gaylord Simpson, Bernhard Rensch, Ledyard Stebbins and the population geneticists J.B.S. Haldane, Ronald Fisher and Sewall Wright. However, at the time of Huxley's book, several of these had yet to make their distinctive contribution. E.B. Ford and his co-workers in ecological genetics were at least as important.

paragraphs: He always believed that on a broad view evolution led to advances in organisation. "Progress without a goal" was one of his favourite phrases.

paragraphs: In the final chapter of his "Evolution the modern synthesis" he defines evolutionary progress as "a raising of the upper level of biological efficiency, this being defined as increased control over and independence of the environment. "Natural selection plus time produces biological improvement... Improvements in biological machinery... the limbs and teeth of grazing horses... the increase in brain-power... The eyes of a dragon-fly, which can see all round [it] in every direction, are an improvement over the mere microscopic eye-spots of early forms of life". "[Over] the whole range of evolutionary time we see general advance — improvement in all the main properties of life, including its general organization. [But] improvement is not universal. Lower forms manage to survive alongside higher".

paragraphs: Huxley was a prominent member of the British Eugenics Society, and was Vice-President (1937–1944) and President (1959–1962). Huxley was one of many intellectuals at the time who believed that the lowest class in society was genetically inferior. He advocated "the virtual elimination of the few lowest and most degenerate types". In his writing he used this argument several times: "no-one doubts the wisdom of managing the germ-plasm of agricultural stocks, so why not apply the same concept to human stocks?".

paragraphs: In the post-war years, after the realisation that eugenic ideas had become tainted by the Nazis, Huxley (1957) coined the term "transhumanism" to describe the view that man should better himself through science and technology, possibly including eugenics, but also, importantly, the improvement of the social environment.

paragraphs: In response to the rise of European fascism in the 1930s Huxley was asked to write "We Europeans" with three other scientists. Huxley suggested the word 'race' be replaced with ethnic group. After the Second World War he was instrumental in producing the UNESCO statement "The Race Question", which asserted that:

paragraphs: "A race, from the biological standpoint, may therefore be defined as one of the group of populations constituting the species "Homo sapiens""... "Now what has the scientist to say about the groups of mankind which may be recognized at the present time? Human races can be and have been differently classified by different anthropologists, but at the present time most anthropologists agree on classifying the greater part of present-day mankind into three major divisions, as follows: The Mongoloid Division; The Negroid Division; The Caucasoid Division."... "Catholics, Protestants, Moslems and Jews are not races..."

paragraphs: This is a selection of Huxley's most influential books:


title: Gertrude Baines

paragraphs: Gertrude Baines (April 6, 1894 – September 11, 2009) was an American supercentenarian. She was the oldest person in the world from January 2, 2009 until her death on September 11, 2009. She was the last person known to have been born in 1894 and the oldest ever person to have been born in that year.

paragraphs: Gertrude Baines married Sam Conley at a very young age and had one daughter who died of typhoid fever at the age of 18. Baines was known to have been living in Hartford, Connecticut before moving to Ohio, where she worked as a maid at the Ohio State University. She later moved to California, where she lived on her own until age 105. She spent her final years at the Western Convalescent Center in Jefferson Park, Los Angeles.


title: Reel Big Fish

paragraphs: Reel Big Fish is a ska punk band that started in 1992 in California. They have only ever played ska/rock music but moved more to a pop sound during the album "Cheer Up!" They have had many different members since the start of the band, including two different singers and over 10 different horn players. They mainly got successful from the album "Turn The Radio Off", which had the single "Sell Out," in 1997, their most famous song.

paragraphs: A common theme throughout some of their songs (such as "Don't Start A Band" and "Sell Out") is their disapproval of big record companies. Reel Big Fish was signed onto Jive Records, but after their short-lived success, the record company neglected them and did not advertise their albums. In their 2005 album, We're Not Happy Til' You're Not Happy, Reel Big Fish directly and indirectly expresses their anger towards their record company in several of their songs.

paragraphs: During 2006, Reel Big Fish was dropped from Jive Records. The band formed their own label and released a 3-disc live performance CD/DVD set, Our Live Album Is Better Than Your Live Album. This package became available on July 18, 2006 on the Internet and in retail stores on August 22. Jive later released a Reel Big Fish greatest hits album, Greatest Hit...And More, because they owned the rights to all previous songs. The band did not approve of, or make any money from the album, and have spoken out against it.


title: Hate group

paragraphs: A hate group is a group of people that want to hurt and be mean to other people. Hate groups usually are against people who are different from members of the group. This includes differences in ethnic group, religion, sex, and/or sexual orientation. The Ku Klux Klan and Neo-Nazis are examples of hate groups.


title: Sulfur trioxide

paragraphs: Sulfur trioxide (sometimes spelled sulphur trioxide) is a chemical substance made of 1 sulfur and 3 oxygen atoms (SO). It is very toxic and irritating. It can dissolve violently in water to make sulfuric acid. It is made by oxidation of sulfur dioxide. It contains sulfur in its +6 oxidation state.

paragraphs: Sulfur trioxide is mentioned in the "Emergency!" episode "The Old Engine Cram".


title: Cape Tribulation

paragraphs: Cape Tribulation () is both a headland and small town in northern Queensland, Australia north of Cairns. It is in the Daintree National Park and the Wet Tropics World Heritage area. The first people to live in the area were the Kuku Yalanji. The first European to settle in the area was John Moffat in 1880 who set up a farm to grow food for the miners in the west.

paragraphs: There is a sealed road to the area from the south from the Daintree River Ferry. To the north there is a four wheel drive unsealed road, called the Bloomfield Track. This goes to the Bloomfield River, Wujal Wujal, Bloomfield Falls and Cooktown. It is often closed during the wet season (Feb-Apr).

paragraphs: Tribulation means trouble and great suffering. Cape Tribulation was named by British explorer Lt. James Cook on 10 June 1770 after his ship ran into a coral reef near the headland; "...because here began all our Troubles..."

paragraphs: Cape Tribulation is in a rainforest and it gets a lot of rain. In 2006, the rainfall recorded was over 5.7 metres.

paragraphs: Most people visit the area during the dry season between July and November. There are four main resorts to stay in as well as several smaller bed and breakfast places. The town has two small supermarkets, two ATMs, one takeaway food outlet and five restaurants. During the wet season marine stingers are common so people swim in the many waterholes. There are crocodiles in the creeks.

paragraphs: The Great Barrier Reef is very close to the coast, only due east. There are two boats that take visitors to the reef. Other activities available are guided night walks, 4 wheel drive tours, horseriding, kayaking, jungle surfing, tropical fruit tasting and crocodile cruises.


title: Up (2009 movie)

paragraphs: Up is a 2009 American animated movie produced by Pixar and distributed by Disney. It was first shown at the 2009 Cannes Film Festival. It was a successful movie and was one of the top movies for 2009. The main characters are boy named Russell, an old man named Carl Fredricksen, and Kevin the rare bird. They take an adventure in Venezuela on a flying house. The movie won two Academy Awards, including for Best Animated Feature and Best Original Score.


title: Sansevieria trifasciata

paragraphs: Sansevieria trifasciata (also known as "Mother-in-law's tongue" or the "snake plant") is a plant that can grow in many places. It is a desert plant from dry Africa. It is a succulent that stores water in its very thick, tough leaves. That means that it does not need to be watered every day. It does not need sunlight to grow and can stay in the same pot for many years. This plant grows better with less water than more water.


title: Schefflera actinophylla

paragraphs: Schefflera actinophylla (syn. "Brassaia actinophylla") is a tree in the Araliaceae family. It is native to tropical rainforests and gallery forests in Australia (eastern Queensland and the Northern Territory), New Guinea and Java. Common names include Umbrella Tree, Octopus Tree and Amate.

paragraphs: The elegant schefflera is popular with people who want a big, tree-size plant. In time it will easily reach seven or eight feet; in its home environment in Australia, it gets to be fifty feet tall.

paragraphs: Much of its appeal as a houseplant comes from the unusual leaves. A leaf is composed of a number of leaflets, all set in a circle around a central stem and stretching out horizontally, like the ribs of an umbrella. Eash leaflet is a pointy oval, size to eight inches long, and rich shiny green.

paragraphs: As it gets older, schefflera loses leaves from the lower part of the stem, increasing its tree shape.

paragraphs: The broad leaves tend to collect dust, and this in turn seems to be attractive to red spider mites. To help keep them under control, and to keep your plant looking its best, keep the leave dusted.

paragraphs: This will accommodate itself to our environment reasonable well. It will accept normal household temperatures, and adapts to different humidity levels. With enough sunlight and clean conditions the schefflera will last a long time.


title: Joshua Reynolds

paragraphs: Sir Joshua Reynolds RA FRS FRSA (16 July 1723 – 23 February 1792) was an English painter of portraits. He helped to start the Royal Academy of Arts and was its first president. King George III made him "Sir" Joshua Reynolds in 1769.

paragraphs: Some critics disliked Reynolds and the Royal Academy. The Pre-Raphaelites called him "Sir Sloshua" and William Blake published a savage pamphlet "Annotations to Sir Joshua Reynolds' Discourses" in 1808. On the other hand, Turner was a strong supporter, and asked to be buried at Reynolds' side.

paragraphs: Reynolds has over 1000 portraits in the National Portrait Gallery, London. Despite Blake's criticisms, Reynold's "Discourses" had a lasting impact on the theory and practice of art.


title: Fumiya Iwamaru

paragraphs: Fumiya Iwamaru (born 4 December 1981) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Yokohama.


title: Yuzo Tamura

paragraphs: Yuzo Tamura (born 7 December 1982) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Shonan Bellmare.


title: Takuya Kobayashi

paragraphs: Takuya Kobayashi (born 19 July 1981) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Rimini Calcio F.C.

paragraphs: Associazione Calcio Rimini 1912 is a football club which plays in Italy.


title: U.S.D. 1913 Seregno Calcio

paragraphs: U.S.D. 1913 Seregno Calcio is a football club which plays in Italy.


title: U.S. Sanremese Calcio

paragraphs: Associazione Sportiva Dilettantistica Sanremese is a football team which plays of San Remo in Italy.

paragraphs: The club in season 2014-15 plays in Prima Categoria Liguria/A.


title: Benevento Calcio

paragraphs: Benevento Calcio is a football club which plays in Italy.


title: Cosenza Calcio 1914

paragraphs: Cosenza Calcio 1914 is a football club which plays in Italy.


title: U.S. Fermana

paragraphs: U.S. Fermana is a football club which plays in Italy.


Hajime Hosogai


title: Shunichi Nakajima

paragraphs: Shunichi Nakajima (born 16 June 1982) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Hiroki Hattori

paragraphs: Hiroki Hattori (born 30 August 1971) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Vigevano Calcio

paragraphs: Vigevano Calcio is a football club which plays in Italy.


title: Atletico Piombino

paragraphs: Atletico Piombino is a football club which is based in Piombino, Tuscany. Currently, it plays in "Eccellenza", the fifth Italian league.


title: U.S. Grosseto F.C.

paragraphs: U.S. Grosseto F.C. is a football club which plays in Italy.


title: Nobuhito Toriizuka

paragraphs: Nobuhito Toriizuka (born 7 August 1972) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Sotaro Sada

paragraphs: Sotaro Sada (born 18 March 1984) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Thespa Kusatsu.


title: Ryo Goto

paragraphs: Ryo Goto (born 25 August 1986) is a Japanese football player.


title: Masami Sato

paragraphs: Masami Sato (born 26 August 1981) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Kazuki Sato

paragraphs: Kazuki Sato (born 27 June 1974) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Norihisa Shimizu

paragraphs: Norihisa Shimizu (born 4 October 1976) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Yokohama F. Marinos.


title: A.C. Arezzo

paragraphs: A.C. Arezzo is a football club which plays in Italy.


title: S.S. Sambenedettese Calcio

paragraphs: S.S. Sambenedettese Calcio is a football club which plays in Italy.


title: Pirituba

paragraphs: Pirituba is a neighbourhood in the northwest of Sao Paulo. The name "Pirituba" means a place with many marsh plants. One of the attractions is the Pico do Jaragua, which is the highest mountain in the city. Other attractions are Casa de Nassau, a Dutch immigrant's club, and Toronto City Park.


title: Mycorrhiza

paragraphs: A mycorrhiza (Greek for "fungus roots") is a symbiotic association between a fungus and the roots of a plant.

paragraphs: In a mycorrhiza, the fungus lives inside the plant roots, and in the earth. The fungal hyphae are more efficient than plant roots at absorbing nutrients.

paragraphs: Mycorrhizas are important for plant growth in many ecosystems. At least 80% of all land plant species (and over 90% of families) have mycorrhiza. They depend on it for survival. They are the most common symbionts in the plant kingdom: they involve about 6000 species of fungi and 240,000 species of plants.

paragraphs: Mycorrhizas are divided onto two main types: ectomycorrhiza and endomycorrhiza.

paragraphs: The hyphae of ectomycorrhizal fungi do not penetrate individual cells within the root, while the hyphae of endomycorrhizal fungi penetrate the cell wall and invaginate the cell membrane.

paragraphs: The mycorrhizal symbiosis is ancient, dating to at least 400 million years ago.

paragraphs: This mutualism gives the fungus sugars, such as glucose and sucrose produced by the plant in photosynthesis.

paragraphs: The carbohydrates move from their source (usually leaves) to the root and then to the fungal partner. In return, the plant gains the use of the mycelium's very large surface area to absorb water and mineral nutrients from the soil, especially phosphorus.

paragraphs: The mechanisms of increased absorption are both physical and chemical. Mycorrhizal mycelia are much smaller in diameter than the smallest root. They can explore a greater volume of soil, providing a larger surface area for absorption: "It is estimated that every kilogram of soil contains at least 200 km of fungi strands".

paragraphs: Mycorrhizal plants are often more resistant to diseases, such as those caused by microbial soil-borne pathogens, and are also more resistant to the effects of drought. These effects are perhaps due to the improved water and mineral uptake in mycorrhizal plants.

paragraphs: Mycorrhiza is especially advantageous to the plant in nutrient-poor soils. Plants grown in sterile soils and growth media often perform poorly without the addition of spores or hyphae of mycorrhizal fungi to colonise the plant roots and aid in the uptake of soil mineral nutrients. The absence of mycorrhizal fungi can also slow plant growth in harsh areas.

paragraphs: The fungal partners may also help plant-to-plant transfer of sugars and other nutrients. Such mycorrhizal communities are called "common mycorrhizal networks".

paragraphs: Some species inhabit the tissues inside roots, stems, and leaves, in which case they are called "endophytes".

paragraphs: Similar to mycorrhiza, endophytic colonization by fungi may benefit both partners. Endophytes of grasses give their host more resistance to grazers and get food and shelter from the plant in return.

paragraphs: Mycorrhizal roots offer excellent ecological niches for other microbes. Mycorrhizal fungi may host bacteria that complete their life cycles within fungal cells. One of the best known is "Geosiphon pyriforme", which can host cyanobacteria inside characteristic bladders.

paragraphs: Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi are unique in hosting bacteria in their cytoplasm. Intracellular structures very similar to bacteria were first described in the 1970s. Research later identified them as true bacteria.


title: Makoto Yonekura

paragraphs: Makoto Yonekura (born 28 December 1970) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Jun Kokubo

paragraphs: Jun Kokubo (born 8 September 1980) is a former Japanese football player.


title: A.C. Ponte San Pietro Isola S.S.D.

paragraphs: A.C. Ponte San Pietro Isola S.S.D. is a football club which plays in Italy.


title: Keishi Otani

paragraphs: Keishi Otani (born 17 April 1983) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Shusuke Tsubouchi

paragraphs: Shusuke Tsubouchi (born 5 May 1983) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Omiya Ardija.


title: Daiju Matsumoto

paragraphs: Daiju Matsumoto (born 9 December 1977) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Yuki Matsushita

paragraphs: Yuki Matsushita (born 7 December 1981) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Thespa Kusatsu.


title: Shintaro Harada

paragraphs: Shintaro Harada (born 8 November 1980) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Crystal Palace Baltimore.


title: Naoki Ishibashi

paragraphs: Naoki Ishibashi (born 14 May 1981) is a former Japanese football player.


title: A.S. Fortis Trani

paragraphs: A.S. Fortis Trani is a football club which plays in Italy.


title: F.B. Brindisi 1912

paragraphs: F.B. Brindisi 1912 is a football club which plays in Italy.


title: Karl Michael Ziehrer

paragraphs: Karl Michael Ziehrer (also spelled as Carl Michael Ziehrer) (May 2, 1843 - November 14, 1922) was an Austrian composer of light music such as waltzes and polkas.

paragraphs: Ziehrer was born in Vienna. He was taught music by Simon Sechter, a famous Viennese hat-maker.

paragraphs: Ziehrer studied music at the Vienna Conservatory, and began his career as a conductor in 1863. He was also a bandmaster. He was one of the musical rivals of Johann Strauss II, another composer of light music in Vienna.

paragraphs: Some of Ziehrer's most well-known pieces of music are the "Weaner Mad'ln" and "Wiener Bürger" waltzes, and the "Schönfeld March".


title: Metre per second squared

paragraphs: A metre per second squared (or m/s or metre per second per second) is a unit of measurement for acceleration.

paragraphs: If an object accelerates at 1 m/s, it means that its speed is increasing by 1 m/s every second.


title: Cartazini Biennial Art Award

paragraphs: The Prix Cartazini is a prize in contemporary art, sponsored by the Paris based Gallery Cartazini and made since 1999. It is made every two years, on the odd years.

paragraphs: In 2009 the award will be for 20 000 euros and as such is one of the largest art awards in the visual arts sector.


title: Stadelheim Prison

paragraphs: Stadelheim Prison is a prison in Munich's Giesing district. It is one of the largest prisons in Germany.

paragraphs: The prison was founded in 1894. It was the site of many executions, particularly by fallbeil (guillotine) during the Nazi period.


title: Deutsche Bank

paragraphs: Deutsche Bank AG (literally "German Bank") is a German and international bank. The headquarters of this bank is in Frankfurt am Main, Germany and located in the Deutsche Bank Twin Towers.

paragraphs: More than 81,000 people in 76 countries work for the Deutsche Bank.


title: Germaine Greer

paragraphs: Germaine Greer (born 29 January 1939) is an Australian writer, journalist and scholar of English literature. Many people think she is one of the most important feminists of the late 20th century. She has written books like "The Female Eunuch", "Sex and Destiny: The Politics of Human Fertility", "The Change: Women, Ageing and the Menopause" and "Shakespeare's Wife".

paragraphs: Greer was born in 1939 in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. She went to a convent school, and later went to the University of Melbourne. She got a degree in English and French language and literature. She moved to Sydney, and became a lecturer at the University of Sydney. She got a Master's degree there, and then moved to Cambridge, England. She gained a doctorate degree (PhD) at Newnham College, Cambridge.

paragraphs: Greer's approach is different to that of some other feminists; she has defined her goal as 'women's liberation' instead of 'equality with men'. This is because she does not think women should want to be like men who also have problems in society.


title: Grisy-Suisnes

paragraphs: Grisy-Suisnes is a small village, about 33 km from Paris. It is situated in the Seine-et-Marne department (77) in the Île-de-France region, at an interconnection of the TGV. Its geographical coordinates are 48°41′7″N 2°40′4″E. It covers an area of 1,848 ha.

paragraphs: In 1999, the village had a population of 1,989. People who live there are called Grisysoliens.

paragraphs: In the past, the village supplied the French royalty with roses. The church of Grisy-Suisnes is named Notre Dame des Roses. The church, if seen from above, was designed to look like a rose with its petals.


title: William Whewell

paragraphs: William Whewell (24 May 1794 – 6 March 1866) was an English polymath, Anglican priest, philosopher, theologian, and historian of science. He influenced the great scientists of his day: John Herschel, Charles Darwin, Charles Lyell and Michael Faraday. He invented many terms we use today, such as "scientist" (in 1837).

paragraphs: The son of a carpenter, Whewell rose to the top. For 28 years he was a Professor, and for 25 years he was Master of Trinity College, Cambridge. He was one of the founding members and a president of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, a Fellow of the Royal Society, and President of the Geological Society. It was the Prime Minister himself, Robert Peel, who recommended his appointment as Master of Trinity.

paragraphs: Whewell had wide interests. He researched ocean tides (for which he won the Royal Medal). He published work in mechanics, physics, geology, astronomy, and economics. He composed poetry, wrote books, translated the works of Goethe, and wrote sermons and theological tracts.

paragraphs: It can be said that Whewell was the first, or one of the first, to put together a philosophy of science. His only rival in this respect was John Herschel, whose "A preliminary discourse on the study of natural philosophy" covered some of the same ground.

paragraphs: Whewell's five volumes of the "History and Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences" are his major work. Science was then still a novel activity. The scientists themselves held differing views as to how best to go about their work. Whewell provided a theoretical framework, and the framework provoked a great deal of debate. There was also a long-running discussion with John Stuart Mill about social and economic philosophy.


title: Mandello del Lario

paragraphs: Mandello del Lario is an Italian town and "comune" in the province of Lecco, in Lombardy. It is on Lake Como.

paragraphs: Since 1921, Mandello del Lario has been home to the Italian motorcycle maker Moto Guzzi. Guzzi is owned by Piaggio & Co. SpA. Each year since 2001, the commune has hosted GMG (aka Giornata Mondiale Guzzi or Worldwide Guzzi Days).

paragraphs: The Grigna massif is in Mandello's territory.


title: Trampoline

paragraphs: A trampoline is a recreational or competitive device designed for users to bounce on. It normally consists of a metal frame (rectangular or circular in shape) supporting a flat jumping surface connected to the frame by springs. The jumping surface may be of a strong synthetic fabric material or, mostly, of a mesh design. Trampolines allow users to bounce higher by storing energy in the springs as they land on the surface which then accelerates the user back away from the jumping surface as the springs contract.

paragraphs: The first modern trampoline was invented by George Nissen in 1920-1922 as a kind of equipment for gymnastics.

paragraphs: During World War II, the United States Navy Flight School developed the use of the trampoline in its training of pilots and navigators, giving them concentrated practice in spatial orientation that had not been possible before. After the war, the development of the space flight program again brought the trampoline into use to help train both American and Soviet astronauts, giving them experience of variable body positions in flight.


title: Issei Takayanagi

paragraphs: Issei Takayanagi (born 14 September 1986) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Sanfrecce Hiroshima.


title: Akihiro Sato

paragraphs: Akihiro Sato (born 30 August 1986) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Kashima Antlers.


title: Shinichiro Kuwada

paragraphs: Shinichiro Kuwada (born 6 December 1986) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Sanfrecce Hiroshima.


title: Super League Greece

paragraphs: Super League Greece () is the top division football league in Greece. The current version was formed on 16 July 2006 and replaced the "Alpha Ethniki". The first championship was won by Aris Thessaloniki. The club which has won the most championships is Olympiacos with 44 titles, next is Panathinaikos with 20 titles and third is AEK Athens with 11 titles. The league currently has 16 teams.


Ryota Moriwaki


title: Naoto Kono

paragraphs: Naoto Kono (born 9 September 1985) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Osvaldo José Martins Júnior

paragraphs: Osvaldo José Martins Júnior (born 7 July 1982) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Khazar Lankaran.


title: A.S.G. Nocerina

paragraphs: A.S.G. Nocerina is a football club which plays in Italy.


title: Avellino Calcio 12 S.S.D.

paragraphs: Unione Sportiva Avellino 1912 is a football club which plays in Italy.


title: F.C. Crotone

paragraphs: F.C. Crotone is a football club which plays in Italy.


title: Kazuma Irifune

paragraphs: Kazuma Irifune (born 15 November 1986) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Mana Nakao

paragraphs: Mana Nakao (born 2 September 1983) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Laranja Kyoto.


title: Yuya Hashiuchi

paragraphs: Yuya Hashiuchi (born 13 July 1987) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Tokushima Vortis.


title: A.S.D.C. Magenta

paragraphs: A.S.D.C. Magenta is a football club which plays in Italy.


title: F.C. Bolzano 1996

paragraphs: F.C. Bolzano 1996 was a football club which played in Italy.

paragraphs: Bolzano football club was founded in 1931 and ceased in 2015, being replaced by "A.C. Virtus Bolzano".


title: U.S. Centese A.S.D. 1986

paragraphs: U.S. Centese A.S.D. 1986 is a football club which plays in Italy.


title: U.S. Massese 1919

paragraphs: U.S. Massese 1919 is a football club which plays in Italy.


title: Kosuke Yatsuda

paragraphs: Kosuke Yatsuda (born 17 March 1982) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Tokushima Vortis.


title: Mitsuyuki Yoshihiro

paragraphs: Mitsuyuki Yoshihiro (born 4 May 1985) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Consadole Sapporo.


title: Yojiro Takahagi

paragraphs: Yojiro Takahagi (born 2 August 1986) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Sanfrecce Hiroshima.


title: Yoshitaka Ohashi

paragraphs: Yoshitaka Ohashi (born 1 July 1983) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Nagano Parceiro.


title: Shimpei Sayama

paragraphs: Shimpei Sayama (born 4 May 1987) is a Japanese football player. He has played for Sagawa Express Chugoku.


title: U.S. Sestri Levante

paragraphs: U.S. Sestri Levante is a football club which plays in Italy.


title: A.S. Biellese 1902

paragraphs: A.S.D. Junior Biellese Libertas is a football club which plays to Biella in Italy.

paragraphs: The club in season 2010-11, in Promozione is promoted in Eccellenza Piemonte.

paragraphs: The colors of the team are black and white.


title: A.C. Parabiago

paragraphs: A.C. Parabiago is a football club for Parabiago, Italy.

paragraphs: They wear maroon and white colored jerseys.


title: A.C. Palazzolo 1913

paragraphs: A.C. Palazzolo 1913 is a football club which plays in Italy.


title: Rovigo Calcio

paragraphs: Rovigo Calcio is a football club which plays in Italy.


title: A.S. Edera

paragraphs: A.S. Edera is a football club which plays in Italy.


title: A.S.D. Stuoie Baracca Lugo

paragraphs: A.S.D. Stuoie Baracca Lugo is a football club which plays in Italy.


title: S.S.D. Tivoli Calcio 1919

paragraphs: S.S.D. Tivoli Calcio 1919 is a football club which plays in Italy.


title: Shinji Kaneko

paragraphs: Shinji Kaneko (born 3 April 1987) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Ryukyu.


title: Kei Mikuriya

paragraphs: Kei Mikuriya (born 29 August 1977) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Ken Ishikawa

paragraphs: Ken Ishikawa (born 6 February 1970) is a former Japanese football player.


Shinichiro Tani


title: Mutsuhiko Nomura

paragraphs: Mutsuhiko Nomura (born 10 February 1940) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Peter Mandelson

paragraphs: Peter Benjamin Mandelson (born 21 October 1953) is a British politician for the Labour Party. He helped to found the so-called 'New Labour' with Tony Blair and Gordon Brown. He was the Member of Parliament for Hartlepool from 1992-2004.

paragraphs: Lord Mandelson lost his job twice, once in 1998 for not declaring a loan he was given to buy a house, and once in 2001 for trying to arrange a passport for an Indian businessman who had given £1,000,000 to the Labour Party. He later made a speech claiming to have "inner steel".

paragraphs: After Gordon Brown became Prime Minister, he made Mandelson a Life Peer, and some newspapers have called him "the most powerful man in the Labour Party".

paragraphs: Mandelson is gay (he was outed in 1998 by openly gay journalist Matthew Parris), which led some to claim the UK was being run by a gay mafia.


title: Kazuya Iio

paragraphs: Kazuya Iio (born 10 April 1980) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Sagan Tosu.


title: Nobuhiro Kato

paragraphs: Nobuhiro Kato (born 11 December 1984) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Urawa Red Diamonds.


title: A.S.D. Casertana Calcio

paragraphs: A.S.D. Casertana Calcio is a football club which plays in Italy.


title: Tetsushi Kondo

paragraphs: Tetsushi Kondo (born 4 November 1986) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Fagiano Okayama.


title: Yuzo Minami

paragraphs: Yuzo Minami (born 17 November 1983) is a Japanese football player. He plays for V-Varen Nagasaki.


Takafumi Akahoshi


title: Huelgoat

paragraphs: Huelgoat () is a small town in Brittany, France. It is also the name of the forest that surrounds the town. The forest is a large forest with many birch trees and owls. There are also some remarkable large boulders, waterfalls and caves. It is believed that King Arthur hid his treasure in the forest. There is also a place called Grotte de Diablo, or "Cave of the Devil". You can go down a metal ladder and there is an underground stream and crashing waterfall.


title: Tarnish

paragraphs: Tarnish is a layer of corrosion similar to rust. It is caused by oxidisation - when semi - reactive metals such as copper, brass, silver, aluminum meet chemicals in the air. It will cause the metal to darken or go dull by making a thin film on the metal. It is caused by a chemical reaction, between a metal and a non metal (or compound), usually oxygen or sulphur dioxide.


title: St. Bernard (dog)

paragraphs: The St. Bernard is a very large breed of dog. It was originally bred as a working dog, to rescue people who were lost in the Swiss Alps. Famously, it was believed that they carried a small barrel of brandy around their neck to revive frozen mountaineers. There is no historical evidence that they did actually carry this brandy, although the monks at the St. Bernard Hospice keep some barrels around for photographs with tourists.

paragraphs: It is a very big dog with a big head. A full grown male can weigh between 260 and 345 lbs. The largest dog ever was a St. Bernard called Benedictine who weighed 357 pounds.


title: Kyle MacLachlan

paragraphs: Kyle Merritt MacLachlan (born February 22 1959) is an American actor. He is known for the role of Agent Dale Cooper in the television series "Twin Peaks". He has appeared in movies by David Lynch, including "Blue Velvet" and "Dune". MacLachlan won the 1991 Golden Globe Award for "Best Performance by an Actor in a TV-Series - Drama" for his work on "Twin Peaks". He was also nominated twice for the Emmy Award for his acting on that series.

paragraphs: MacLachlan was also in the 1995 movie "Showgirls" and the television series "Desperate Housewives".


title: Battery Park City

paragraphs: Battery Park City is a 92-acre (0.4 km²) planned community at the southwestern tip of Lower Manhattan in New York City, United States. The land upon which it stands was created on the Hudson River using 1.2 million cubic yards (917,000 m3) of dirt and rocks excavated during the construction of the World Trade Center and certain other construction projects, as well as from sand dredged from New York Harbor off Staten Island. The neighborhood, which is the site of the World Financial Center along with many housing, commercial, and retail buildings, is named for adjacent Battery Park.

paragraphs: Battery Park City is owned and managed by the Battery Park City Authority (BPCA), a public-benefit corporation created by New York State under the authority of the Urban Development Corporation. It was founded and ran by Charles J. Urstadt. Excess revenue from the area was to be contributed to other housing efforts, typically low-income projects in the Bronx and Harlem.


title: Carol Thatcher

paragraphs: Carol Thatcher (born 15 August 1953) is a British journalist, author, and media personality.

paragraphs: She was born at Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital in Hammersmith, London. She has a twin brother, Mark Thatcher. She is the daughter of former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher (1925-2013) and her husband Sir Denis Thatcher (1915-2003). She has taken part in several television programmes including "The One Show" on BBC1 and "I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!" (in Australia).


title: Halifax Town A.F.C.

paragraphs: Halifax Town Association Football Club were an English football team who most recently played in the Conference National. The club had money problems and went into administration during the 2007–08 season, and after finishing 20th in the Conference National, were demoted by three divisions to the Unibond Division One North when the club failed to get a Company Voluntary Arrangement (CVA) passed. The club was reformed and renamed F.C. Halifax Town in July 2008.


title: Jefferson Davis

paragraphs: Jefferson Fine Davis (June 3, 1808 – December 6, 1889) was an American statesman. He led the Confederacy during the American Civil War. He was President of the Confederate States of America for its entire history, from 1861 to 1865.

paragraphs: Davis was born on June 3, 1808 in Christian County, Kentucky, the last child of ten of Jane (née Cook) and Samuel Emory Davis. Both of Davis' paternal grandparents had immigrated to North America from the region of Snowdonia in the North of Wales; the rest of his ancestry can be traced to England. Davis' paternal grandfather, Evan, married Lydia Emory Williams. Samuel Emory Davis was born to them in 1756. Lydia had two sons from a previous marriage. Samuel served in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, along with his two older half-brothers. In 1783, after the war, he married Jane Cook (also born in Christian County, in 1759 to William Cook and his wife Sarah Simpson). Samuel died on July 4, 1824, when Jefferson was 16 years old. Jane died on October 3, 1845.

paragraphs: In 1811 he moved to St. Mary Parish, Louisiana, and later to Wilkinson County, Mississippi. In 1813 Davis began his education at the Wilkinson Academy, near the family cotton plantation in the small town of Woodville. Two years later, Davis entered the Catholic school of Saint Thomas at St. Rose Priory. At the time, he was the only Protestant student at the school. Davis went on to Jefferson College at Washington, Mississippi, in 1818, and then to Transylvania University at Lexington, Kentucky, in 1821. In 1828 he graduated from the United States Military Academy. He was an officer in the United States Army until 1835.

paragraphs: On February 9, 1861, after Davis resigned from the United States Senate, he was selected to be the provisional President of the Confederate States of America; he was elected without opposition to a six-year term that November. During his presidency, Davis took charge of the Confederate war plans but was unable to find a strategy to stop the larger, more powerful and better organized Union. His diplomatic efforts failed to gain recognition from any foreign country, and he paid little attention to the collapsing Confederate economy, printing more and more paper money to cover the war's expenses.

paragraphs: Historians have criticized Davis for being a much less effective war leader than his Union counterpart Abraham Lincoln, which they attribute to Davis being overbearing, controlling, and overly meddlesome, as well as being out of touch with public opinion, and lacking support from a political party (since the Confederacy had no political parties). His preoccupation with detail, reluctance to delegate responsibility, lack of popular appeal, feuds with powerful state governors, inability to get along with people who disagreed with him, and neglect of civil matters in favor of military ones all worked against him.

paragraphs: After Davis was captured on May 10, 1865, he was charged with treason. Although he was not tried, he was stripped of his eligibility to run for public office; Congress later lifted this restriction in 1978, 89 years after his death. Many Southerners felt bad with his arrest, refusal to accept defeat, and resistance to Reconstruction. Over time, admiration for his pride and ideals made him a Civil War hero to many Southerners, and his legacy became part of the foundation of the postwar New South. By the late 1880s, Davis began to encourage reconciliation, telling Southerners to be loyal to the Union. He was helped in the last decade of his life by the generosity of Sarah Anne Ellis Dorsey, a rich widow. First she invited him to her plantation in 1877 near Biloxi, Mississippi, at a time when he was sick, and gave him a cottage to use for working on his memoir. She gave Davis her plantation before her death in 1878, and she also gave him a fund for his support. This made him to live in some comfort with his wife until his death on December 6, 1889 in New Orleans, Louisiana from bronchitis. He was 81 years old.


title: Meet the Robinsons

paragraphs: Meet the Robinsons is a 2007 American animated movie produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Pictures. It is the 47th movie in the Walt Disney Animated Classics series. The movie tells the story of a small boy named Lewis, who is very smart and invents things but he does not have any family, even though he wants one. Then one day, Lewis' world was changed when a boy called Wilbur, who has a time-machine, takes Lewis on a trip to the future to meet Wilbur's family - the Robinsons.

paragraphs: The story of this movie is based on a children's book called "A Day with Wilbur Robinson", written by William Joyce.


title: Vanilla Ninja (album)

paragraphs: Vanilla Ninja is the first album by the Estonian girl band Vanilla Ninja.


title: Traces of Sadness

paragraphs: Traces of Sadness is the second album by the Estonian girl band Vanilla Ninja. Released in June 2004, the album included the hit singles "Tough Enough", "Liar" and "When the Indians Cry".


title: Blue Tattoo (album)

paragraphs: Blue Tattoo is the third album by the Estonian girl band Vanilla Ninja, and the last original Vanilla Ninja album released by Bros Records.


title: Douglas C-47 Skytrain

paragraphs: The C-47 Skytrain was an American cargo aircraft that could carry up to 3.5 tons. It was the military version of the DC-3. The C-47 was most notably used during World War II by the Allied to move troops, supplies and the wounded.

paragraphs: During the Berlin Airlift in the Cold War C-47 planes carried food and other supplies to West Berlin, as all other methods of transport were blocked.


title: Best Of (Vanilla Ninja album)

paragraphs: Best Of is a best-of album by the Estonian girl band Vanilla Ninja. The album was released in December 2005, and consisted of thirteen songs from their "Traces of Sadness" and "Blue Tattoo" albums.


title: Love Is War

paragraphs: Love is War is Vanilla Ninja's fourth studio album, released by EMI Music Germany in May 2006. This is the first album by girls as a three-piece band.


title: Piret Järvis

paragraphs: Piret Järvis (born February 6, 1984 in Tallinn, Estonia) is an Estonian musician, and member of the popular girl group Vanilla Ninja.


title: Lenna Kuurmaa

paragraphs: Lenna Kuurmaa (born September 26, 1985 in Tallinn, Estonia) is an Estonian singer-songwriter and actress.


title: Sven Lõhmus

paragraphs: Sven Lõhmus (born July 13, 1972) is an Estonian music producer. He has worked with a number of successful Baltic pop acts, including pop-rock groups Vanilla Ninja, Suntribe and Urban Symphony.

paragraphs: Three times, in 2003, 2004, and 2010, he won the award for "best author" to the "Eesti Popmuusika Aastaauhinnad".


title: Hurricane Frederic

paragraphs: Hurricane Frederic the sixth named storm, the third hurricane, and the second major hurricane of the 1979 Atlantic hurricane season. At the time Hurricane Frederic was the costliest hurricane to hit the U.S. This record was beaten in 1989, when Hurricane Hugo caused about $14 billion in damage. Many storms have beaten the record since, Frederic has fallen to about the seventeenth costliest U.S. hurricane. Frederic caused 14 deaths and $2.3 billion in damage.

paragraphs: In the Spring of 1980 the name "Frederic" was retired because of the damage. Frederic was only the second male hurricane name to get its name retired. In 1985 Fabian was used instead.


title: Grains of Selim

paragraphs: Grains of Selim is a spice. It is made from the seeds of the shrub "Xylopia aethiopica", found in Africa. Other names include

paragraphs: kimba pepper, African pepper, Moor pepper, Negro pepper, Kani pepper, Kili pepper, Sénégal pepper, Ethiopian pepper and Guinea pepper. The seeds have a musky flavor. Very often they are used as a replacement for black pepper. The spice is sometimes confused with grains of paradise.


title: Croatian Wikipedia

paragraphs: The Croatian Wikipedia is the Croatian language edition of Wikipedia. This edition was started in February 2003.

paragraphs: As of October 2015, it is the 41st largest edition of Wikipedia by number of articles.

paragraphs: , it has over 137,000 articles. In September 2013 Croatia's Minister of Science, Education and Sports, Željko Jovanović, said students in Croatia should avoid using the Croatian Wikipedia. It has been accused of using forgery to promote the former Ustaše movement.


title: Estonian Wikipedia

paragraphs: The Estonian Wikipedia is the Estonian language edition of Wikipedia. This edition was started in July 2002.

paragraphs: As of October 2015, it is the 43rd largest edition of Wikipedia by number of articles.


title: Indonesian Wikipedia

paragraphs: The Indonesian Wikipedia is the Indonesian language edition of Wikipedia. This edition was started in May 2003, and has over 169,000 articles.


title: Iván Rodríguez

paragraphs: Iván Rodríguez Torres (born November 30, 1971), nicknamed "Pudge," is a retired Puerto Rican baseball player. He played as a catcher in Major League Baseball. Rodriguez played for the Texas Rangers, Florida Marlins, Detroit Tigers, New York Yankees, Houston Astros and Washington Nationals. He is well known for his strong arm and his ability to throw out baserunners. Rodríguez is widely considered the greatest defensive catcher of all time, and most analysts think either Rodríguez or Johnny Bench is the greatest catcher overall. He became a member of the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2017.


title: Freeport, Maine

paragraphs: Freeport is a town in northern Maine. It has the largest L.L. Bean outlet store.


title: Bazooka

paragraphs: A Bazooka is a very powerful weapon that shoots a rocket. It is a small and easily carried and sits on the shoulder to fire. It can also fire armour piercing missiles. The word "Bazooka " comes from a musical instrument made of pipes invented by an American radio comedian, Bob Burns (1896—1956).

paragraphs: The bazooka was invented by rocket scientist, Robert H. Goddard, at the end of World War I. In World War II the weapon was quickly developed for use by the army. In June 1942 it went from being a basic drawing design to use on the battlefield in only 30 days. Improved versions in later years are called rocket-propelled grenades.


title: Ibrahim Ba

paragraphs: Ibrahim Ba (born 12 November 1973) is a former French football player. He has played for France national team.


title: Hokuto Nakamura

paragraphs: Hokuto Nakamura (born 10 July 1985) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Tokyo.


title: Shin Tanada

paragraphs: Shin Tanada (born 25 July 1969) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Kensaku Abe

paragraphs: Kensaku Abe (born 13 May 1980) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Alair de Souza Camargo Junior

paragraphs: Alair de Souza Camargo Junior (born 27 January 1982) is a Brazilian professional athlete. He is best known as an Association football player.


title: Kazuki Kuranuki

paragraphs: Kazuki Kuranuki (born 10 November 1978) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Tokushima Vortis.


title: Katsuya Ishihara

paragraphs: Katsuya Ishihara (born 2 October 1978) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Ventforet Kofu.


Michitaka Akimoto


title: Takuma Tsuda

paragraphs: Takuma Tsuda (born 4 October 1980) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Ventforet Kofu.


title: Uzbek League

paragraphs: Uzbek League is a football league which is top division in Uzbekistan.


title: Maarja Kivi

paragraphs: Maarja Kivi (born January 18, 1986 in Tallinn, Estonia) is an Estonian singer and former member of the girl group Vanilla Ninja. Born to Riina and Madis Kivi. She has a brother, Vahur and two sisters, Helen and Kristi.

paragraphs: She has a daughter, Dora-Liisa (born 2004), and a son, Angus Martin (born 2012) with husband and former Vanilla Ninja manager Renee Meriste.

paragraphs: She adopted the artist name Marya Roxx in 2007.


title: Katrin Siska

paragraphs: Katrin Siska (born December 10, 1983 in Tallinn, Estonia) is an Estonian singer and member of the Estonian girlpower pop-rock-group Vanilla Ninja. Siska was born to a Russian mother Leena and an Estonian father Toomas. She has a younger sister Triin-Ketlin. She was a member of a choir while in school and started playing the piano when she was 7 years old.


title: David Brandes

paragraphs: David Brandes (born December 9, 1968 in Basle as David Brändle) is a Swiss-born German songwriter and producer. Brandes has written and produced for many artists, including E-Rotic, Bad Boys Blue, Chris Norman, Indiggo and Vanilla Ninja. He also had two hits in Europe personally during 1994, with "Heartbreak Angel" and "Heartless Dancer".


title: Evangelical Christian Church in Canada

paragraphs: The Evangelical Christian Church in Canada, also called Christian Disciples is an non-denominational Canadian church body. It is made of clergy, churches and ministries. Barton Warren Stone and Alexander Campbell started it in the State of Kentucky, United States, in 1804. The church is important for what is called the Stone-Campbell Restoration Movement or the American Restoration Movement, which wanted to re-unite the different Christian Churches.

paragraphs: It welcomes the public and all people from other churches to their Sunday worship service. Church membership is open to men, women and children who accept their doctrinal statement of beliefs. It has members in the following countries: in Canada, United States, Trinidad. St Lucia, Mexico, England, Africa, Russia, France, Israel, Ivory Coast, India, Hong Kong, Colombia, Ghana, China, Cameroon, Benin, Uganda, Togo, Sweden, Tanzania, Pakistan, Zambia, Kenya, Puerto Rico, Norway, Haiti, New Zealand, Finland, Denmark, Ethiopia, Liberia, Nigeria, Jamaica, and Myanmar.


title: Key Largo, Florida

paragraphs: Key Largo is a census-designated place in the Florida Keys. It is on Key Largo. In 2000, about 11,886 people lived here. The name comes from the Spanish Cayo Largo, or "long cay".


title: Tommy Dreamer

paragraphs: Thomas James "Tom" Laughlin (born February 13, 1971) is an American professional wrestler, promoter and actor. He is better known by his ring name, Tommy Dreamer. He is best known for his time in Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) and World wrestling Entertainment (WWE). He has also worked for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). He is both the founder and owner of the wrestling promotion House of Hardcore.

paragraphs: Dreamer is a one-time ECW Champion and fourteen-time Hardcore Champion. He has been called the "heart and soul" of Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) and the "Innovator of Violence".


title: Planoise

paragraphs: Planoise is a town in France in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region. It is the third biggest city of the Doubs department. In 1999, about 20,700 people lived there.


title: Incubus (band)

paragraphs: Incubus is an American alternative rock band. They are from California. The band started in 1991. They have had many different sounds since their first full-length album "Fungus Amongus" to the current studio album "Light Grenades". Band members who have been in Incubus since the band started include Brandon Boyd, Mike Einziger, and Jose Pasillas. They have become very successful. Since their album "Make Yourself", most of their albums have been selling gold or platinum. "Make Yourself" included their hit single "Drive."


title: Lomonosov, Russia

paragraphs: Lomonosov is a town in Russia near St Petersburg. It used to be called Oranienbaum. This was a German name which means "Orange tree". It used to have greenhouses where plants from faraway countries were grown. Oranienbaum was famous for making coloured glass.

paragraphs: In 1948 the town changed its name to the Russian name Lomonosov.

paragraphs: The old palace, which dates from the early 18th century, still stands. Unlike the other famous palaces around St Petersburg, this one was not captured by the Germans during the Second World War.

paragraphs: The famous composer Igor Stravinsky was born in Oranienbaum.


title: Lomonosov

paragraphs: The name Lomonosov (Ломоно́сов) may refer to:


title: Hideomi Yamamoto

paragraphs: Hideomi Yamamoto (born 26 June 1980) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Ventforet Kofu.


Yuki Inoue


title: Marques Batista de Abreu

paragraphs: Marques Batista de Abreu (born 12 March 1973) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Atlético Mineiro.


title: Panathinaikos F.C.

paragraphs: P.A.E. Panathinaikos is a football club which plays in Greece. The club based in Athens, the capital of Greece. The colours of Panathinaikos is white and green and its emblem is a shamrock. It is one of the most successful Greek team. It has won twenty Greek championships and eighteen Greek cups. It is the unique Greek club which was a runner-up of the UEFA Champions League competition, in 1971.


title: P.A.O.K. Thessaloniki F.C.

paragraphs: P.A.O.K. Thessaloniki F.C. (or simply "PAOK") is a football club which plays in Greece. PAOK is based in Thessaloniki. Its colours of club are the black and the white. Its emblem is an eagle with two heads. PAOK is the fourth most successful Greek club, as it has won three Greek Championships and seven Greek cups.


title: F.C. Pakhtakor Tashkent

paragraphs: F.C. Pakhtakor Tashkent is a football club which plays in Uzbekistan.


title: F.K. Neftchi Farg'ona

paragraphs: F.K. Neftchi Farg'ona is a football club which plays in Uzbekistan.


title: Navbahor Namangan

paragraphs: Navbahor Namangan is a football club which plays in Uzbekistan.


title: M.H.S.K. Tashkent

paragraphs: M.H.S.K. Tashkent was a football club which plays in Uzbekistan.


Makoto Sugiyama


Daiki Iwamasa


title: Andre Luiz de Souza Silva

paragraphs: Andre Luiz de Souza Silva (born 17 September 1974), or Biju, is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Zweigen Kanazawa.


title: Dustlik Tashkent

paragraphs: Dustlik Tashkent is a football club which plays in Uzbekistan.


title: Valdney Freitas da Matta

paragraphs: Valdney Freitas da Matta (born 20 April 1971) is a former Brazilian football player.


title: Pablo Maqueda

paragraphs: Pablo Maqueda (born 18 January 1971) is a former Spanish football player.


title: Julio César Baldivieso

paragraphs: Julio César Baldivieso (born 2 December 1971) is a former Bolivian football player. He has played for Bolivia national team.


title: Akira Ito

paragraphs: Akira Ito (born 19 September 1972) is a former Japanese football player.


Tatsuya Tsuruta


Koji Noguchi


title: Yusuke Nakatani

paragraphs: Yusuke Nakatani (born 22 September 1978) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Kyoto Sanga.


title: Shingo Suzuki

paragraphs: Shingo Suzuki (born 20 March 1978) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Oita Trinita.


title: Katsuyuki Miyazawa

paragraphs: Katsuyuki Miyazawa (born 15 September 1976) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Montedio Yamagata.


title: Naoto Sakurai

paragraphs: Naoto Sakurai (born 2 September 1975) used to be a Japanese football player.


title: Yutaka Tahara

paragraphs: Yutaka Tahara (born 27 April 1982) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Shonan Bellmare.


title: Masahiro Koga

paragraphs: Masahiro Koga (born 8 September 1978) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Kashiwa Reysol.


Kazuma Watanabe


title: Keita Sugimoto

paragraphs: Keita Sugimoto (born 13 June 1982) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Nagoya Grampus Eight.


title: Earplug

paragraphs: An ear plug is a device usually used to protect the ears from loud noises. They are put inside the ear canal and can also be used to protect the ear from water, dust or anything that doesn't belong in the ear.

paragraphs: Ear plugs are made using many different materials to be used for different reasons.

paragraphs: Ear plugs are also made to be re-used or disposable.


title: Rhodes Scholarship

paragraphs: The Rhodes Scholarship named after Cecil Rhodes is an international award to go to school at the University of Oxford and was the first large-scale group of international scholarships.