title: 1999 Atlantic hurricane season

paragraphs: The 1999 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1, 1999, and lasted until November 30, 1999. However, storms can form outside these dates. This season had average activity with 12 storms, 8 hurricanes, and 5 major hurricanes. This was not a deadly season, but it was a damaging season.

paragraphs: On June 11, the first storm of the season started. It started as a depression and later became a tropical storm. Tropical Storm Arlene passed about 115 miles from Bermuda. Wind shear caused Arlene to die on June 18.

paragraphs: Tropical Depression Two started on July 2. The depression made landfall in Tecolutla, Mexico early the next morning. Two died a few hours after landfall. There were no damage reports from Mexico.

paragraphs: Hurricane Bret at first, started as Tropical Depression Three on August 18. It moved north across the Gulf of Mexico, becoming a tropical storm and hurricane as it did so. Bret curved a bit west and made landfall on Padre Island, shortly later it marked landfall on mainland Texas. It died over land on August 25. Hurricane Bret killed 7 people and caused on $15 million in damage. It didn't cause much damage because it hit an area with not many people.

paragraphs: Cindy started close to Africa on August 19. It became a tropical storm on August 20. The storm quickly became a hurricane before weakening back to a tropical storm. A few days later, it became a hurricane again as conditions got better. At this point Hurricane Cindy reached highest winds of 140 mph, a category 4 hurricane. It moved northeast and died on August 31. Hurricane Cindy stayed far from land during its life.

paragraphs: On August 24, Tropical Depression Four started. It soon became a tropical storm and was given the name "Dennis". Tropical Storm Dennis became a hurricane as it moved close to the Bahamas. It moved close to North Carolina and South Carolina. Dennis weakened and moved strangely. It eventually made landfall in North Carolina as a strong tropical storm on September 5. Dennis died on September 9 over New York.

paragraphs: Tropical Storm Emily started on August 24. It head almost due north for much of its life. Wind shear from Hurricane Cindy caused Emily to die on August 28.

paragraphs: Tropical Depression Seven just off of Mexico of September 5. On September 6, it made landfall in Mexico and died the next day.

paragraphs: Hurricane Floyd was the strongest, costliest, and deadliest hurricane of the 1999 Atlantic hurricane season. Floyd, at first looked as if it were headed for Florida as a category 4 hurricane. Instead of striking Florida, Floyd struck North Carolina and caused flooding from North Carolina up to some states in New England. Floyd left $4.5 billion in damage from Florida to Maine. Floyd also killed about 76-86 people in the United States. One person was also killed in the Bahamas.

paragraphs: Near Cape Verde a tropical depression started on September 11. It soon became a tropical storm and was named "Gert". By September 16 it was a strong category 4 hurricane. Hurricane Gert died on September 23 near Newfoundland. Gert may have killed 2 people in Maine, by the large waves.

paragraphs: Tropical Storm Harvey started in the Gulf of Mexico as a depression, on September 19. It made landfall in Everglades, Florida shortly before it died. Harvey killed no one, but caused $15 million in damage.

paragraphs: Tropical Depression Eleven could have been the deadliest storm of 1999. Though it was weak and didn't make landfall. This might have been from the edges of the depression or the remains, which tracked over to Mexico. Eleven could have killed almost 400 people.

paragraphs: Tropical Depression started on October 6 and headed northwest for its entire life. The depression died on October 8, while coming nowhere near land.

paragraphs: Irene formed just north of Honduras on October 12. It moved north and crossed Cuba as a tropical storm. The next day, as a hurricane, it tracked over the Florida Keys and the most of South Florida. It moved north coming close to North and South Carolina. Hurricane Irene got stronger as it did so. The hurricane moved very fast as it moved away from the United States. It died on October 19, south of Newfoundland. This hurricane killed 18 people, with 4 in Cuba and 14 in the United States. It also caused $800 million in damage.

paragraphs: Jose started on October 17 as a tropical depression. It moved northwest and became a tropical storm soon. Not long later it became a hurricane. Hurricane Jose passed over the northern Lesser Antilles as a weak hurricane. The hurricane died by October 25. As it passed over the islands it left $5 million in damage and killed 2 people.

paragraphs: Tropical Storm Katrina started on October 27 as a tropical depression. It became a tropical storm very shortly before landfall in Puerto Cabezas, Nicaragua. Tropical Storm Katrina soon weakened back to a depression. As a depression it made landfall in the Yucatán Peninsula. It died on November 1, just before it was going to enter the Gulf of Mexico. No one died and there is not much damage.

paragraphs: Hurricane Lenny was a very strong November hurricane. In fact, it was the strongest November hurricane in the Atlantic Ocean. This hurricane tracked east across the Caribbean. Later it tracked northeast, toward the northeastern Caribbean islands. It got stronger very fast, it was just shy of a category 5 hurricane. On November 17, it made landfall in Saint Croix. Lenny died on November 23. Hurricane Lenny killed 17 people and caused $330 million in damage.

paragraphs: Below is a list of the names that were used in 1999 and also the names not used, those are marked in . This list is exactly the same as the list in 1993.

paragraphs: In the spring of 2000 two names got retired: Floyd and Lenny. They will never be used again in the Atlantic Ocean. The names Franklin and Lee replaced them in 2005.


title: Golden Balls

paragraphs: Golden Balls is a British television game show which was broadcast at 5.00pm to 6.00pm on ITV between June 2007 and February 2010 and at 3.00pm to 4.00pm on Challenge (repeats) from January 2010. It is presented by Jasper Carrott and is filmed at the BBC Television Centre. After 25 February 2008, the show was sponsored by ITV Bingo (powered by Party Gaming). It is still shown on "Challenge".

paragraphs: At the back of the studio is the "Golden Bank", which is basically the same as lottery machines. Jasper starts the game by starting the ball machine, where 100 golden balls containing varied values from £10, to the £75,000 golden ball are. 12 of the golden balls are randomly drawn from the ball machine. But Amanda Grant, (The Balls Assistant), puts 4 "killers" into the bunch. This means that 16 golden balls, cash and killers, are shared equally between all 4 of the contestants who get 4 golden balls each. 2 for the front row and 2 for the back row. Once the contestant has been introduced, he/she shows Jasper and the other 3 contestants what they are. This is repeated with all the other 3 players.

paragraphs: The back row is kept secret to their owner,(who has to say what they claim is there), until the players secretly vote for the weakest player, and the player with the most votes is voted off.

paragraphs: The 3 remaining contestants' balls are put back into the ball machine by Amanda. 2 new cash balls and 1 killer are added into the game. Each contestant still gets balls at random, but in round 2 it is 2 for the front row and 3 for the back.

paragraphs: Again all the 3 contestants show their front balls to the other players. Then they say what they claim is on the back row. The contestants each vote for the weakest player off, and the player with the most votes is "binned".

paragraphs: Again the golden balls that the contestants bring through to the final, are put back into the ball machine. Again Amanda puts 1 more killer into the game. There are 11 balls, that are placed onto a table with 5 golden slots for the balls to win, and a hole for the balls to bin. The 2 contestants take it in turns to pick a ball to bin, (which means it is out of the game), and pick a ball to win, (which goes into 1 of the 5 winning golden slots).

paragraphs: If they get say the £75,000 ball, then the £9,500 ball into the winning slots and then get a killer, it will take a zero off the accumalated total. Once they get the number of money in the jackpot total for the day and have all 5 balls into the golden 5 slots, the contestants have to negotiate "Split Or Steal".

paragraphs: Both contestants have 2 balls in front of them. 1 of them has the word "Split" inside it and the other has the word "Steal" inside it. If 1 of the contestants decides to Split and the other Steals, the player who Steals goes home with all of the money and the player who Splits goes home with nothing. If both players Split, they both split the jackpot total. If both contestants steal, they both go home with nothing.

paragraphs: Jasper asks the players to look inside both of the golden balls, to make sure they know which one is which. Once they know what they are, Jasper lets the players discuss what they are going to do for a short while. He then asks the players to pick 1 of the 2 balls in front of them. Jasper then counts down from 3, and the players reveal either their Split or their Steal ball.

paragraphs: At the beginning of each game, Jasper tells the viewers and contestants that there are 100 golden balls in the Golden Bank. Below are the 101 cash values seen at least once up to 30 January 2009:

paragraphs: The following two amounts were observed in triplicate on a particular programme (giving a total of 148 known golden balls): £6,000, £10,000.

paragraphs: In the unaired pilot, the highest valued golden ball was £200,000 and £100,000 was also present.


title: Görlitz (district)

paragraphs: The rural district Görlitz is a district of the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It was founded in August, 2008. It consists of the former rural districts Niederschlesischer Oberlausitzkreis, Löbau-Zittau and the former urban district Görlitz.


Stilton


title: Massive Attack

paragraphs: Massive Attack is a music group from Bristol, England. Massive Attack are considered to be one of the most influential bands of the electronica music genres. They are also seen as one of the founders of trip hop.


title: Santa Catalina Island

paragraphs: Santa Catalina Island, or just Catalina Island, is an island in California near Los Angeles. The main town is Avalon.

paragraphs: The island is 22 miles (35 km) long and eight miles (13 km) wide. The highest point on the island is Mt. Orizaba (2126 feet or 648 meters). In 2000, there were 3,696 persons living there.

paragraphs: The first people who lived there were American Indians named "Tongva". In 1919, William Wrigley, Jr., who sold chewing gum, bought the island. When he died he gave it to a trust.

paragraphs: The island has many plants and animals that live nowhere else on Earth. According to the National Resources Defence Council, Avalon Beach is one of the dirtiest beaches in the United States.


title: 1990 Atlantic hurricane season

paragraphs: The 1990 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1, 1990, and lasted until November 30, 1990. However, storms can form outside these dates. For example, Tropical Depression One formed on May 25. This season was very active with two depressions, six tropical storms, seven hurricanes, and one major hurricane. At that time it was the most active hurricane season.

paragraphs: This season was less deadly and damaging than other seasons, with only 116 deaths, and $150 million. The few deaths and little bit of damage were due to the fact that most of the storms were relatively weak, and most of the storms stayed at sea.

paragraphs: These are the names that were set aside for 1990. The names that did not get used are marked in .

paragraphs: In the spring of 1991, Hurricane Diana and Klaus had their names replaced by Dolly and Kyle in 1996.


title: 1991 Atlantic hurricane season

paragraphs: The 1991 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1, 1991, and lasted until November 30, 1991. However storms can form outside these dates. This season experinced low activity with only 4 depressions, 4 tropical storms, 2 hurricanes, and 2 major hurricanes.

paragraphs: In the spring of 1992, Hurricane Bob was retired. It was replace by Bill for 1997.


title: Clapper Post

paragraphs: Clapper Post () was an urban postal service, which existed in Vienna (since 1772), capital of Austria, and in other cities of that country. Its name refers to an instrument, "clapper" (type of a rattle), into which a mailman struck, notifying about his arrival. In Vienna, Clapper Post existed more than ten years.


title: 1992 Atlantic hurricane season

paragraphs: The 1992 Atlantic hurricane season started on June 1, 1992, and lasted until November 30, 1992. However, storms can form outside these dates. For example, Subtropical Storm One formed on April 21.

paragraphs: This season did not have very many storms, with only 3 tropical depressions, 3 subtropical/tropical storms, and 4 hurricanes. One of the 4 hurricanes (Hurricane Andrew) become a major hurricane (category 3+).

paragraphs: This season was not very deadly, but it was very damaging. There was only 66 deaths, but there was $26 billion in damage, all of which caused by Hurricane Andrew. Hurricane Andrew was the most damaging hurricane in the history of the United States, until Hurricane Katrina in 2005.

paragraphs: Subtropical Storm One started on April 21, more than a month before June 1, the start of hurricane season. It lasted only 3 days, before wind shear caused it to die. It was one of only two storms ever to form in April. The other was Tropical Storm Ana in 2003.

paragraphs: Tropical Depression One was a short-lived tropical depression. It started on June 25 and died on June 26, not long after striking Florida. This tropical depression killed 5 people and caused $2.6 million in damage.

paragraphs: Tropical Depression Two started on July 24. A wind gust near 40 mph made it seem like it would become a tropical storm. But the National Hurricane Center did not call it a tropical storm because the pressure was at 1015, which is very high for a tropical storm. Two moved sharply northeast before it died two days later, on July 26.

paragraphs: Hurricane Andrew was the strongest hurricane of the 1992 Atlantic hurricane season. It started on August 16. Later it hit land twice in Florida and once in Louisiana. Andrew caused nearly $26 billion in damage. This made it, at the time, the costliest hurricane in the history of the United States.

paragraphs: Bonnie started on September 17. It moved mostly east across the Atlantic and passed into the Azores before it died. The hurricane caused no damage, but may have killed one person in the Azores.

paragraphs: Hurricane Charley started on September 21 in the far eastern Atlantic Ocean. It became a category 2 hurricane and passed into the Azores. Charley died on September 27.

paragraphs: Danielle started on September 22. It soon became a tropical storm. Tropical Storm Danielle made landfall in the Delmarva Peninsula before it died on September 26. The storm killed two people.

paragraphs: Tropical Depression Seven started on September 25 about halfway between Africa and South America. Seven lasted nearly a week before it died on October 1.

paragraphs: Earl started on September 26 as a depression. This depression headed for Florida and became a tropical storm. It reversed course before hitting land in Florida. Tropical Storm Earl died on October 3.

paragraphs: Frances started on October 23 as a tropical storm and quickly became a hurricane. It took a path far from land. Hurricane Frances died on October 27.

paragraphs: This is the list of names that were set aside for 1992. Name that were not used are marked with .

paragraphs: In the spring of 1993 Hurricane Andrew got retired. In 1998 the name Alex was used instead.


title: Nymphaea

paragraphs: Nymphaea is a genus of aquatic plants in the family Nymphaeaceae. There are about 50 species in the genus, which is widely distributed. The common name, shared with some other genera in the same family, is water-lily or waterlily.

paragraphs: Many species are cultivated as ornamental plants, and many cultivars have been bred.


title: Hurricane Ismael

paragraphs: Hurricane Ismael Namaji was a strongass hurricane that formed during the 1995 Pacific hurricane season. The storm formed on September 12, 1995. It became a hurricane on September 14, while it was located off the coast of Mexico. It moved to the north, and made landfall in Sinaloa. Ismael quickly weakened over land, and died out on September 16 over northwestern Mexico.

paragraphs: In the ocean, the storm caused waves that were up to 30 feet (9 m) high. The hurricane wrecked 52 ships and killed 57 fishermen. On land, Ismael caused 59 deaths in Mexico. The hurricane destroyed thousands of houses, leaving 30,000 people without homes. The storm reached the United States where it caused heavy rainfall in parts of New Mexico. It was the deadliest hurricane in the 1995 season.

paragraphs: The storm that eventually became Hurricane Ismael started off the southern coast of Guatemala on September 9. As it grew, it moved to the west-northwest. After a few days with no activity, a low pressure area developed off the coast of Mexico. Late on September 12, it formed into Tropical Depression Ten. At this time, the storm was about south-southwest of Manzanillo, Colima. The depression moved to the northwest, and strengthened to a tropical storm early on September 13.

paragraphs: Because of the influence of a nearby weather system over Baja California, Ismael slowly turned to the north. Tropical Storm Ismael became stronger as it moved northward. Ismael continued to grow, and on September 14, it became a hurricane.

paragraphs: An eye began to form inside of the storm, and six hours after becoming a hurricane, it reached its peak strength. Ismael then sped up as it moved to the northwest. The storm passed just east of Cabo San Lucas on September 15. The hurricane made landfall in the state of Sinaloa on September 15. Ismael quickly lost strength over land, and it died out on September 16. The remains of Ismael continued moving to the north. Rain from the storm reached parts of the United States.

paragraphs: At first, weather forecasters expected the hurricane to stay over the ocean. However, when they later found out that the storm would affect land, the government of Mexico issued a tropical storm warning from Manzanillo, Colima, to Cabo Corrientes. The warning was later extended to Los Mochis and another one was given out for part of the east coast of Baja California Sur. Forecasters then issued a hurricane warning from Mazatlán to Los Mochis. Before the storm arrived, 1,572 people moved to emergency shelters.

paragraphs: Hurricane Ismael caused waves that were 30 feet (9 m) high over the Gulf of California. Many fishermen were not prepared for the hurricane. Because of this, 52 boats were destroyed, of which 20 sank. About 57 fishermen died off the shore; some washed up on shore. Another 150 fishermen survived the storm by waiting on islands or sandbars. Navy rescue teams searched for days off the coast of Mexico to find victims and survivors.

paragraphs: The storm dropped moderate to heavy rainfall, which reached 7.76 inches (197 mm) in Sinaloa. The heavy rain caused flooding in four municipalities. In one area, the hurricane destroyed 373 houses and damaged 4,790 others. The storm left 177 houses without drinking water, and led to lots of power outages. Damage was very bad where the hurricane made landfall. In Los Mochis, the winds from Ismael knocked down houses and telephone poles. A total of 59 people were killed in Sinaloa.

paragraphs: Ismael produced heavy rainfall farther to the north. Very bad flooding was reported in Huatabampo. Across Sonora, the winds destroyed 4,728 houses and removed the roofs from 6,827 homes. The hurricane also ruined 107 schools. The hurricane damaged about 100 miles (165 km) of roads. About 83 sq. miles (215 km²) of crop lands were damaged.

paragraphs: Rain from what was left of Ismael reached southwestern Arizona and southern New Mexico in the United States. The storm also caused heavy rainfall near the border between New Mexico and Texas. The rainfall caused flooding on roads and in buildings. Several roads were damaged and closed. In Lubbock, Texas, the rainfall caused flash flooding, which forced many roads to be shut down. Moisture from the storm went as far east as the Mid-Atlantic States.

paragraphs: Because the damage from the storm was so bad, the name "Ismael" was retired. The name was replaced with "Israel", which was used for a storm during the 2001 Pacific hurricane season. After Hurricane Ismael passed, officials gave out 4,800 sheets, 500 cushions, and 1,500 blankets to people who were affected by the storm. Divers helped to recover sunken ships and drowned bodies. Workers quickly fixed the communication network. Other workers gave out aid to people in Sonora.


title: Atmospheric convection

paragraphs: Atmospheric convection, like other convection, is caused by temperature differences. This may be because the atmosphere is unstable. When parts of the Earth's surface become warmer this can also cause convection. The first type (unstable state of atmosphere) can be called spontaneous. The second type (convection caused by unequal soaking) can be called contact convection. Spontaneous convection starts at any level. Contact convection starts near the terrain.

paragraphs: The most frequent is contact convection. The sun is shining on the surface. It gets warmer and warmer. This leads to vertical draft, that is spontaneous rising and downward motions. This warm air has higher temperature than its neighborhood. Warmer air has lower density than cold air. Warm air rises. Through this rising motion the air element decelerates because of friction. This trend stops when the temperature of this element is equal to the temperature of surrounding air. Next rising continues due to inertia

paragraphs: These thermal motions are used for example in gliding. The Thermal flow has enough energy to bring gliders to higher altitude.


title: COROT-7b

paragraphs: COROT-7b is an exoplanet that orbits the star "COROT-7" in the constellation Monoceros, 489 light years from Earth.

paragraphs: It was first detected by the French-led COROT mission and reported in 2009. Until the announcement of Kepler-10b in January 2011, it was the smallest exoplanet to have its diameter measured, at 1.58 times that of the Earth which would give it a volume 3.95 times Earth's. It was the first potential extrasolar terrestrial planet to be found. The planet is also notable for its very short orbital period: it revolves around its host star in about 20 hours.


Tatsuya Murata


title: Masato Harasaki

paragraphs: Masato Harasaki (born 13 August 1974) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Satoshi Ōtomo

paragraphs: Satoshi Ōtomo (born 1 October 1981) is a retired Japanese football player.


title: Yuichi Nemoto

paragraphs: Yuichi Nemoto (born 21 July 1981) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Zweigen Kanazawa.


title: Takayuki Komine

paragraphs: Takayuki Komine (born 25 April 1974) is a Japanese football player.


title: Metamorphoses

paragraphs: Metamorphoses ("Metamorphoseon libri", Books of Changes) is a work by Ovid. It was written about 1 AD to 8 AD. The work consists of 15 books of between 700 and 900 verses of hexameters. In it, Ovid describes the history of the world as it was seen by Roman and Greek mythology.

paragraphs: Ovid selects those stories which happened often, a lower deity or a human is changed into an animal, a plant, or a star. The story starts with the beginning of the world, the flood. Only one couple survives the flood, Ducalion and Phyrrha. It ends with the change of the soul of Cesar into a star.


title: Latin Wikipedia

paragraphs: The Latin Wikipedia (In Latin: Vicipaedia or "Vicipaedia Latina") is the Latin language edition of Wikipedia. Started in May 2002, this edition had over 80,000 articles as of October 2012.

paragraphs: As of October 2015, it is the 47th largest edition of Wikipedia by number of articles.

paragraphs: "Vicipaedia" is the largest Wikipedia in a dead language, (a language that is no longer anyone's mother tongue).


title: Crash Bandicoot 2: Cortex Strikes Back

paragraphs: Crash Bandicoot 2: Cortex Strikes Back is the second video game in the "Crash Bandicoot" series. It was published by Sony Computer Entertainment, produced by Universal Interactive Studios and developed by Naughty Dog for the PlayStation. It was first released for the PlayStation in 1997, and was re-released for the Sony Greatest Hits and Best for Family in 1998. In 1999, it was released again for the Platinum Range and for the PSOne Books in 2001. The game was later released on the European PlayStation Network on July 26, 2007. However, it was later taken off because "MediEvil" and "" did not do so well. The game was released on the North American PlayStation Network on January 10, 2008 and again on the European PlayStation Network on February 2, 2011.

paragraphs: The game takes place on a fictional group of islands near Australia. "Crash Bandicoot 2" follows the adventures of the hero bandicoot Crash. Crash is taken by series villain Doctor Neo Cortex. Cortex does this, because he now wants to "save the world". Crash has to compete in several levels of N. Sanity Island in order to gather Crystals. Crash must gather Crystals for Cortex to save the planet. Cortex wants to use the Crystals to give him enough power from an upcoming planetary alignment. Crash's sister CoCo joins Crash in several levels. She believes Cortex is still up to no good. She is also concerned about Doctor Nitrus Brio, who wants Crash to gather Gems instead of Crystals.

paragraphs: "Crash Bandicoot 2: Cortex Strikes Back" had positive reviews from critics. Many believed it to be better than the previous game. Others liked the graphics, control and music of the game. Some critics did not like the trail-and-error gameplay, not too many different levels, easy boss levels and the lack of innovation. The game became one of the best-selling PlayStation video games of all-time. In Japan, it sold more copies than the first "Crash Bandicoot" game, with 800,000 sold as of April 1998.


title: 1993 Atlantic hurricane season

paragraphs: The 1993 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1, 1993, and lasted until November 30, 1993. Storms can form outside these dates. Tropical Depression One, for example, formed on May 31. This season had low activity with only 8 storms. Four became hurricanes and 1 became a major hurricane.

paragraphs: Tropical Depression One started on May 31, the day before the hurricane season began. It made landfall in Cuba before it could become a tropical storm. One also crossed into the Bahamas before it died on June 2. This depression killed 7 people in Cuba.

paragraphs: On June 18, a tropical wave became Tropical Depression Two. It got stronger and became a tropical storm and got the name Arlene. Arlene made landfall in Texas on the next day. Tropical Storm Arlene died on June 29, it was not too far inland. The storm killed 6 people and caused $55 million in damage.

paragraphs: Tropical Storm Bret started on August 4 as Tropical Depression Three. It moved west becoming a tropical storm shortly later.

paragraphs: No names retired in the Spring of 1994, meaing, all names were rused again in during the 1999.


title: 1914 Atlantic hurricane season

paragraphs: The 1914 Atlantic hurricane season was the shortest and least active hurricane season on record. This season had only one storm with two other possible storms. This season was also one of two to not have a hurricane with the other being 1907.

paragraphs: This system form as a tropical wave just to the east of Florida on September 13. It became a Tropical Depression on the 14th, the storm made landfall in Georgia with 70mph winds. It moved westward and dissipated over Texas on the 19th.


title: Alrance

paragraphs: Alrance is a commune of the Aveyron department in the southern part of France.


title: Fullerene

paragraphs: A fullerene is any molecule composed entirely of carbon, in the form of a hollow sphere, ellipsoid, or tube. Spherical fullerenes are also called buckyballs, and they resemble the balls used in association football. Cylindrical ones are called carbon nanotubes or buckytubes. They are usually made in the form of a hollow ball or tube. The fullerene was found in 1985 by Robert Curl, Harold Kroto and Richard Smalley at the University of Sussex and Rice University, and was named after Buckminster Fuller because his famous Geodesic domes are similar in shape.

paragraphs: Fullerenes are made by the heating of graphite in an electric arc in the presence of inert gases such as helium or argon.


title: The Jesus and Mary Chain

paragraphs: The Jesus and Mary Chain are an alternative rock band formed in East Kilbride, Scotland in 1984. The band is based on the songs written by brothers Jim and William Reid and has had nineteen different musicians over the years. They have created many albums, singles and EPs. The band began playing in 1984 and stopped in 1999. In 2007 the band reunited and began work on a new album with Scarlett Johannson.

paragraphs: The Jesus and Mary Chain was based on the songwriting partnership of its two main members, Jim and William Reid, and bass guitar player Douglas Hart.

paragraphs: The bands first career song, "Upside Down", was sold in October 1984 by Creation Records. The melody and lyrics ("Inside I feel so bad/So low I feel so sad/Feels like I'm going mad/Best friend I've ever had.") are similar to 1960s 'wall of sound' pop music such as music by Brill Building and Phil Spector, but "Upside Down" is more noisy with very simple drums and one guitar playing high pitched feedback during most of the song.

paragraphs: The first drummer to play for the band was Murray Dalglish who was replaced by Bobby Gillespie (now a singer for Primal Scream). William Reid claimed that he had played the drums for the first song himself because of Dalglish's lack of ability. The single was given pleasing reviews by British music journalists, and the band was given fanatical support by the "NME", it was their live shows that started most interest in The Jesus and Mary Chain.


title: 1989 Atlantic hurricane season

paragraphs: The 1989 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1, 1989, and lasted until November 30, 1989. However storms can form outside these dates. For example, Tropical Storm Karen lasted until December 4. This season had average activity with 15 depressions, 3 became a tropical storm, 5 became a hurricane, and 2 became a major hurricane.

paragraphs: This was a damaging season because this season featured the powerful Hurricane Hugo.

paragraphs: In the spring of 1990, Hugo had its name replaced by Humberto in 1995.


title: 1988 Atlantic hurricane season

paragraphs: The 1988 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1, 1988 and ended on November 30, 1988. However tropical cyclone can form outside these dates for example, Tropical Depression One formed on May 30. This season was active with 19 depressions. This season was damaging and it featured the strongest storm known at the time, Hurricane Gilbert.

paragraphs: This list is the name that were set aside for the 1988 Atlantic hurricane season. The name lists repeat every six year and the only way the names are changed is if a name is retired. This list is the same as the list in 1982 because no names were retired in 1982.

paragraphs: In the spring of 1989 Gilbert and Joan were replaced by Gorden and Joyce in 1994, however it 1994 Joyce was not used because of 1994's low activity.


title: 1987 Atlantic hurricane season

paragraphs: The 1987 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1 1987 and ended November 30 1987. However, storm can form outside these dates for example, Tropical Depression One form on May 25. This season was average in activity. However it featured weak storms with only 3 hurricane and only 1 became a major hurricane.


title: Castor oil plant

paragraphs: The castor oil plant ("Ricinus communis"), is a plant species of the Euphorbiaceae, the sole member of the genus Ricinus and of the subtribe Ricininae. Its seed is the castor bean which is not a true bean. The castor oil plant is used as an ornamental plant in gardens and to create Castor oil. Its oil is used in the chemical industry, e.g. for polyurethane, for adhesives, dyes and lubricants. As a drug, it can be used as a laxative.


title: Japanese Wikipedia

paragraphs: The Japanese Wikipedia () is the Japanese-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition was started in September 2002.

paragraphs: It is the 13th largest edition by article count.

paragraphs: As of November 5, 2016, it has over 1,036,000 articles.


title: Dutch Wikipedia

paragraphs: The Dutch Wikipedia () is the Dutch-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition was started in June 2001. It became the 3rd largest edition in April 2013, but dropped to fourth.


title: Polish Wikipedia

paragraphs: The Polish Wikipedia (In Polish: "Wikipedia polskojęzyczna") is the Polish-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition was started in September 2001. It is currently the 10th largest edition by article count.

paragraphs: It currently has over 1,200,000 articles.


Bergen-Belsen


title: Adrenomyeloneuropathy

paragraphs: Adrenomyeloneuropathy is an inherited disorder. It does not happen very often. It is rare. It is a form of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. Leukodystrophy causes a disruption to the myelin covering that protects nerves.


title: Dieffenbachia

paragraphs: Dieffenbachia is a genus of tropical plants in the family Araceae noted for their patterned leaves. Members of this genus are popular as houseplants because of their tolerance to shade. The name commemorates Ernst Dieffenbach, a German physician.


Gonzo


title: Wayne Gandy

paragraphs: Wayne Gandy (born February 10, 1971 in Haines City, Florida) is a former American football offensive tackle in the National Football League. He was drafted by the Los Angeles Rams 15th overall in the 1994 NFL Draft. He played college football at Auburn.

paragraphs: Gandy has also played for the Pittsburgh Steelers, New Orleans Saints and Atlanta Falcons. He also attended Haines City High School.

paragraphs: He played college football at Auburn University, where he was a member of Auburn's undefeated (unbeaten) 1993 team.

paragraphs: He was drafted (selected) as the 15th overall pick (1st round) of the 1994 NFL Draft by the L.A. Rams. Gandy spent five seasons with the Rams.

paragraphs: Gandy spent four seasons with the Pittsburgh Steelers from 1999 to 2002.

paragraphs: On March 2 2003, Gandy signed a six-year deal with New Orleans Saints. After three seasons with the Saints, he was traded to the Atlanta Falcons on April 7, 2006 for safety Bryan Scott and a draft pick.

paragraphs: For the 2007 season, Gandy was named as one of the Falcons's team captains. On October 7, Gandy hurt his left knee while playing against the Tennessee Titans; he tore what is called an anterior cruciate ligament, which kept him from playing any more games for the rest of the season.

paragraphs: On February 15, 2008 the Falcons released him. He was re-signed on October 29 after an injury to offensive tackle Sam Baker but he was not resigned by the Falcons in the offseason.


title: Jujutsu

paragraphs: The systems of unarmed combat which were developed and practiced during the Muromachi period known as . For example, a samurai would defend himself with "jujutsu" if he was without his swords.


title: International Formula 3000

paragraphs: Formula 3000 was a type of formula racing, below Formula One and above Formula Three. It was named because the cars were powered by 3000 cc engines. The International Formula 3000 was introduced by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) in 1985 to replace Formula Two, and was itself replaced by the GP2 Series in 2005.


title: Sidecarcross

paragraphs: Sidecar-Cross racing, also known as Sidecar Motocross, is a race that uses a different motorcycle chassis than regular motocross. It also uses a team of two people riding together, a "driver" and a "passenger".

paragraphs: Sidecarcross is done on the same race track as normal motocross, but the driver has to ride differently then when riding solo. The driver cannot lean over in the turns. To make sure the sidecar does not flip over, the passenger leans out of the sidecar when they are in the corners. The passenger does much more work than the driver because he moves his whole body around all the time.

paragraphs: One of the most important things in sidecar racing is teamwork; the best teams race together for many years.


title: Robert Pattinson

paragraphs: Robert Douglas Thomas Pattinson (born 13 May 1986) is an British actor, model, producer and musician. He is best known for playing vampire Edward Cullen in the movie "Twilight", and Cedric Diggory in "Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire".

paragraphs: Pattinson was born in London, England. At the age of twelve he was excluded from school. His father enrolled him in a drama club, and Pattinson admitted that he joined the club because it was a chance to meet girls.

paragraphs: He has worked alongside Taylor Lautner, Kristen Stewart, Nikki Reed, Kellan Lutz, Jacson Rathbon and many other people while acting in the Twilight Saga. He has been a part of many movies, such as The Haunted Airman, Remember Me, Little Ashes, Twilight, New Moon, Eclipse, etc.

paragraphs: Pattinson is set to play Batman in the DC Extended Universe movie "The Batman" (2021).


title: Albert II of Belgium

paragraphs: Albert II (French: "Albert Félix Humbert Théodore Christian Eugène Marie", Dutch: "Albert Felix Humbert Theodoor Christiaan Eugène Marie", German: "Albert Felix Humbert Theodor Christian Eugen Maria") (born Stuyvenberg Castle, Brussels, 6 June 1934) was the King of the Belgians and a constitutional monarch. He is the younger son of King Leopold III (1901-1983) and his first wife, Princess Astrid of Sweden (1905-1935). On 21 July 2013, King Albert II abdicated and gave the throne to his son, Philippe of Belgium.

paragraphs: He married, in Brussels, on 2 July 1959, Princess Paola (born 1937).

paragraphs: After his announced abdication on 21 July 2013 it was decided that he would be styled as "His Majesty" King Albert II. This is the same form of address given to his father, Leopold III, after his abdication.


Masashi Motoyama


title: Ricardo Cavalcante Ribeiro

paragraphs: Ricardo Cavalcante Ribeiro (born 23 February 1977) is a Brazilian football player.


title: Tuto

paragraphs: Livonir Ruschel (born 2 July, 1979) is a Brazilian football player.


title: Željko Petrović

paragraphs: Željko Petrović (born 13 November 1965) is a former Montenegrin football player. He has played for Yugoslavia national team and Serbia national team.


Shigeyoshi Mochizuki


title: Segunda División

paragraphs: Segunda División is a football league which is second division in Spain.


title: Gianluca Vialli

paragraphs: Gianluca Vialli (born 9 July 1964) is an Italian football player turned manager. He played for Italy national team.


title: Takahito Chiba

paragraphs: Takahito Chiba (born 7 November 1984) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Kentaro Suzuki

paragraphs: Kentaro Suzuki (born 2 June 1980) is a former Japanese football player.


Kenji Fukuda


title: Kim Eun-Jung

paragraphs: Kim Eun-Jung (born 8 April 1979) is a South Korean professional athlete. He is best known as an association football player. He was a member of the Korean national team.


title: Nordsachsen

paragraphs: The rural district Nordsachsen is a district in the north of the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It was founded in August, 2008 and consists of the former rural districts Torgau-Oschatz and Delitzsch.


title: Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge

paragraphs: The rural district Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge is a district of the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It was founded in August, 2008 and consists of the former rural districts Sächsische Schweiz and Weißeritzkreis.


title: National Book Award

paragraphs: The National Book Award is one of the most important American literary prizes, which began in 1950. Its gives awards every year to American authors for literature in the fields of: fiction, non-fiction, poetry, and Young People's Literature.


Greg Brady


title: Crewe

paragraphs: Crewe is a railway town in the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England. It is in the borough of Cheshire East.

paragraphs: In 2011, the Crewe built-up area, which also covers parts of the nearby civil parishes of Willaston and Wistaston, had a total population of 71,722.

paragraphs: The town is known as a major railway junction and is famous for Crewe railway station and Crewe Works. Nearby to the railway station is Crewe Heritage Centre, which is home to many preserved trains, locomotives and other railway paraphernalia. It is also famous for car manufacturing. From 1946 until 2002, the town was home of Rolls-Royce motor car production. Pyms Lane factory, in the west of Crewe, now exclusively produces Bentley motor cars.

paragraphs: Crewe also has a professional football club, Crewe Alexandra, who currently compete in League Two. The club are nicknamed ""The Railwaymen"" in honour of the town's railway history.


title: Jack Swagger

paragraphs: Jacob "Jake" Hager (born March 24, 1982) is an American professional wrestler, currently retired from the WWE he briefly wrestled in Lucha Underground under the name Jake Strong.

paragraphs: Hager was recruited to the University of Oklahoma as a two-sport athlete, playing as a defensive tackle in football and a heavyweight wrestler. During his junior year, he met Jim Ross, who was then World Wrestling Entertainment's Head of Talent Relations, and Ross encouraged Hager to contact him after graduating. In 2006, as an All-American wrestler, he set the single season record for most pins at 30, and graduated from the University of Oklahoma with a Bachelor's Degree in Finance.

paragraphs: In 2006, Hager had a WWE tryout in Deep South Wrestling, and in September 2006, Hager made his in-ring debut for Deep South Wrestling defeating Antonio Mestre in a dark match. He competed mainly in dark matches, before being moved to Ohio Valley Wrestling in January 2007. He started for OVW, by defeating Atlas DaBone, and in the following months began a rivalry with K.C. James Hager began teaming with a multitude of opponents to feud with James and his tag team partner Cassidy James.

paragraphs: In August 2007, Hager went back to Florida Championship Wrestling, where he began a rivalry with TJ Wilson. On February 15, 2008, Hager defeated Ted DiBiase, Jr. in Tampa, Florida at the Florida State Fair to become the first-ever FCW Florida Heavyweight Champion. Earlier in the night, DiBiase and Hager were the final two men remaining in a 23-man battle royal to determine the two championship contenders.

paragraphs: On March 22, 2008, Hager went against the FCW Southern Heavyweight Champion Heath Miller, in New Port Richey, Florida, to determine the true Heavyweight Champion. Both titles were on the line and Hager defeated Miller to become the undisputed heavyweight champion in Florida Championship Wrestling.

paragraphs: His first loss came in the form of a "Raw" dark match, at the TV taping on August 18, 2008 when he lost to William Regal.

paragraphs: On September 9, 2008, Hager made his start on the ECW brand under the ring name Jack Swagger, winning a match against a local wrestler. He quickly made himself a villain when he did not let the referee hold up his arm after the win, and later started a rivalry with Tommy Dreamer by attacking him after Dreamer had saved Chase Stevens from Mike Knox. He later defeated Dreamer in a wrestling match and an "All American Challenge" competition. After weeks of fighting, the two ended their rivalry in an Extreme Rules match, which Swagger won to extend his undefeated streak. He then set his sights on Matt Hardy's ECW Championship, and was named the number one contender on the December 30, 2008 edition of "ECW". On the January 13, 2009 episode of "ECW", Swagger defeated Hardy to win the ECW Championship, which is his first title in WWE. His undefeated streak in singles matches ended on the February 3 episode of "ECW", when he lost to Finlay.

paragraphs: On the March 1 episode of "Raw", Swagger beat Santino Marella to wrestle in the Money in the Bank ladder match at WrestleMania XXVI. At WrestleMania, Swagger won the Money in the Bank ladder match, winning a contract for any WWE world championship that he could use at any time over the next year. On the episode of "Raw" after WrestleMania, Swagger tried to cash in his Money in the Bank contract on John Cena, but changed his mind when he saw that Cena was not hurt enough for Swagger to beat. As the match had never started, Swagger kept the contract for use at a future date.

paragraphs: Swagger cashed in his Money in the Bank contract during the "SmackDown" taping on March 30, 2010, after the World Heavyweight Champion Chris Jericho had been speared by Edge. Swagger went on to defeat Jericho to win the World Heavyweight Championship for the first time. after his championship win, Swagger changed into a more serious Swagger which was different from his last persona, where he was known for doing pushups and beating his chest during his ring entrance. He defended his championship against Edge and Jericho in a triple threat match on the April 16 episode of "SmackDown", and against Randy Orton in an Extreme Rules match at the Extreme Rules pay-per-view. At Over the Limit, Swagger kept the title against The Big Show by disqualifying himself. At the Fatal 4-Way pay-per-view on June 20, he lost the championship to Rey Mysterio in a fatal four-way match, which also had CM Punk and The Big Show.


title: Food additive

paragraphs: A food additive is a substance that is added to certain foods to make them better in some ways. Some additives have been used for centuries, like salting fish or using vinegar to preserve vegetables (called pickling). Another use for additives is to use them for food coloring.


title: Irish Republican Brotherhood

paragraphs: The Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB) were an organisation formed to help make an independent democratic republic in Ireland. They were known as Fenians. They played an important role in the Irish fight for independence from Britain. This helped stage the 1916 Easter Rising.

paragraphs: The IRB was started at the same time in Dublin and in New York in 1858. It was started by a number of men who had been connected with the 1848 rebellion in Ireland. They were a very mysterious organization. They believed the only way to get freedom for Ireland was by using force.


title: Portuguese Wikipedia

paragraphs: The Portuguese Wikipedia (In Portuguese: "Wikipédia em Português") is the Portuguese-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition was started in June 2001.

paragraphs: It is the 15th largest edition by article count.

paragraphs: It currently has over 1,000,000 articles.


title: Russian Wikipedia

paragraphs: The Russian Wikipedia () is the Russian-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition was started in May 2001. It currently has about 1,500,000 articles. It is currently the 7th largest edition.


title: Pablo Casals

paragraphs: Pau Casals i Defilló ("Pablo Casals") (born El Vendrell, Catalonia, 29 December 1876; died San Juan, Puerto Rico, 22 October 1973) was a Spanish Catalan cellist. He is generally thought of as the greatest cellist of his time codice_1. He made the cello popular as a solo instrument and inspired many cellists codice_1 of the younger generation. In his later years he was also a conductor as well as a composer.

paragraphs: Casals made many codice_1 recordings of solo, chamber, and orchestral music. Perhaps his best known recordings are the ones he made between 1936 and 1939 of the "Cello Suites" by Bach. When the dictator General Franco started to rule Spain he felt very strongly about the political situation codice_1. When the democratic party was defeated in 1939 he said that he would never go back to Spain until democracy had been restored. He did not live long enough to see the end to Franco’s rule, which happened two years after his death, with the death of Franco.

paragraphs: Casals' father was the organist at the local church. He gave Casals his first music lessons, teaching him piano, violin and organ. When Casals was eleven, he heard a group of travelling musicians playing music codice_1. One of the instruments was the cello. He had never heard one and he decided that was what he wanted to play. His mother took him to Barcelona, where he went to a music school: the "Escola Municipal de Música". There he studied the cello, music theory and piano.

paragraphs: One day, when he was 13, he was looking at some old music in a second-hand music shop. He found some very old music for solo cello. They were the "Cello Suites" by Bach. People in those days thought they were just a collection of studies to help cellists with their technique, but Casals, although only still a boy, realized it was great music. He spent the next 12 years practising them until he felt ready to perform them. Casals’ discovery of these wonderful Cello Suites was the most important Bach discovery since 1829 when Mendelssohn found and performed the St Matthew Passion which the world had forgotten about.

paragraphs: Casals showed enormous talent for the cello codice_1. On 23 February 1891, when he was 14 years old, he gave a solo recital in Barcelona. He graduated from the "Escola" with honours two years later.

paragraphs: In 1893, the Spanish composer Isaac Albéniz heard him playing in a trio in a café codice_1. He gave him a letter which allowed him to be introduced to the Queen. She gave him money so that he could study at the Conservatory in Madrid. She then allowed him to go to Brussels to study at the Conservatory which was then the best in Europe for string instruments. The cello teacher mentioned a long list of cello pieces and asked him which ones he played. When Casals told him he could play them all, the teacher made fun of him. When Casals started playing, everyone was amazed at his talent. The teacher wanted him to be one of his pupils, but Casals had been insulted and so he went to Paris the next day. The Queen of Spain was angry with Casals when she heard what had happened and stopped sending him money codice_1.

paragraphs: In Paris he had very little money. He earned a living by playing second cello in the theatre orchestra of the "Folies Marigny". His mother tried to earn some money by sewing. In 1896, he returned to Catalonia where he taught at a music school and played principal cellist in the orchestra of Barcelona's opera house, the Liceu. In 1897 he appeared as soloist with the Madrid Symphony Orchestra, and was awarded the Order of Charles III from the Queen.

paragraphs: In 1899, Casals played the Saint-Saëns Cello Concerto at Crystal Palace in London, and later for Queen Victoria at her summer home at Cowes, Isle of Wight. He was becoming very famous. In Paris he make a great impression on everyone, especially the conductor Charles Lamoureux who had started a famous orchestra. Casals went to the Netherlands, the United States where he gave 80 concerts, and South America. He often played with the pianist Harold Bauer.

paragraphs: On 15 January 1904 Casals was invited to play at the White House for President Theodore Roosevelt codice_1. He played in the Carnegie Hall in New York, playing "Richard Strauss's Don Quixote" with the composer conducting. Between 1906 and 1912 he had a relationship with a Portuguese cellist Guilhermina Suggia, although they were never married.

paragraphs: In 1914 Casals married the American singer Susan Metcalfe. They were separated in 1928, but did not divorce until 1957.

paragraphs: Casals formed a trio with the pianist Alfred Cortot and the violinist Jacques Thibaud. They gave many concerts and made some of the first recordings of piano trio music. They played together for 30 years.

paragraphs: In 1905 he toured Russia. It was an unfortunate time because the Russian Revolution was taking place. During the concert he played in Moscow gunfire could be heard outside the hall.

paragraphs: During the First World War Casals lived in New York. In 1919 he went back to Barcelona. He wanted to improve the music in his own country. There were very few people who could play well, so he founded his own orchestra: the Orquesta Pau Casals. This annual music festival continued until the start of the Spanish Civil War in 1936.

paragraphs: Casals supported the Spanish Republican government. When it was defeated he said that he would not return until Spain was once more a democratic country. He then left his country and went into exile. He went to live in the French village of Prades which was near the border with Spain. He continued his career as a cellist. After World War II, in June 1946, he went to England and played the cello concertos by Schumann and Elgar at the Royal Albert Hall with Sir Adrian Boult conducting. Outside the hall the police had to help him get to his car because so many people were crowding round him.

paragraphs: Casals played in many countries, but refused to play in any country that was friendly with Franco’s government in Spain codice_1. In 1945 he gave a broadcast at the BBC and spoke to his people in Catalonia codice_1. He finished by playing a Catalan folksong called "El Cant dels Ocells" ("The Song of the Birds"). He played it at the end of all his concerts. When Britain recognized Franco’s government, Casals decided he could no long play in England. He made one big exception to his decision not to visit Franco-friendly countries: in 1961 he took part in a concert of chamber music in the White House on 13 November where he played to President John F Kennedy whom he admired.

paragraphs: In 1950 he continued his career as conductor and cellist at the Prades Festival in Conflent. He agreed to play on condition that the money that was made at the festival would be given to a refugee hospital nearby. Franco said that Spaniards were forbidden to go to the festival, but many managed to cross the border on foot. Many world-famous musicians played at Prades: Josef Szigeti, Isaac Stern, Rudolf Serkin and Eugene Istomin and others.

paragraphs: He continued to lead the Prades Festivals until 1966.

paragraphs: When he was 80 Casals married one of his young students, a girl called Marta. They had met in Prades. Marta was from Puerto Rico where Casals’ mother had come from. They went to live in Puerto Rico in a house called "El Pesebre". In 1957 a musical festival was started there in the town of San Juan. He continued to visit the festival at Prades every year until 1966. He also gave masterclasses at American schools and universities as well as in other countries. Some of these were televised.

paragraphs: Casals was also a composer. One of his last compositions was the "Himne a les Nacions Unides" (Hymn of the United Nations); he conducted its first performance in a special concert at the United Nations on 24 October 1971, 2 months before his 95th birthday.

paragraphs: Casals wrote an autobiography "Joys and Sorrows; Reflections" (1970).

paragraphs: Casals died in 1973 in San Juan, Puerto Rico, at the age of 96. In 1979 his remains were taken to El Vendrell, Catalonia, where he had been born. He did not live to see the end of the Franco dictatorial regime. Later, when Franco had died in 1975 and Spain was a democracy once more, the Spanish government under King Juan Carlos I, issued a postage stamp in honour of the centenary of his birth.

paragraphs: In 1989, sixteen years after his death, Casals was awarded a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.

paragraphs: No other cellist had such an influence on cello playing in the 20th century codice_1. He changed the way people thought about cello technique. For example: when he was young violinists and cellists were taught to practise with a book under the right arm. This made the bowing arm very stiff. Casals taught his pupils to play with a free bowing arm. Casals was a great teacher, and he learned a lot about playing through his teaching. He thought about fingering and bowing, and showed his pupils how their left hand could be strong but also relaxed.

paragraphs: The International Pau Casals Cello Competition is held in Germany once every four years. It was started in 2000 to help young cellists to start their careers. It is supported by the Pau Casals Foundation, under the patronage Casals’ widow. One of the prizes is the use of a beautiful cello which was owned by Casals.

paragraphs: The Great Cellists: Margaret Campbell, London 2004, , p. 82.

paragraphs: The New Grove Dictionary of Music & Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie; 1980;


title: National Football Conference

paragraphs: The National Football Conference (NFC) is one of the two conferences of the National Football League (NFL), the other being the American Football Conference. Every year, the winner of the NFC Championship Game receives the George Halas Trophy and gets to play against the winner of the AFC Championship Game in the Super Bowl.

paragraphs: Each NFC team plays the other teams in their division twice in the regular season. They play the team once at home and once at the other team's stadium (an "away" game). Each team also plays 10 other games given to their schedule by the NFL in the April before. Two of these games are assigned on the basis of the teams' final record from the year before. The other 8 games are split between the roster of two other NFL divisions. This assignment shifts each year. For example, in the 2007 regular season, each team in the NFC West played one game against each team in both the AFC North and the NFC South. In this way division competition is the same opponents except for the 2 games given based on the strength of the each team's season record from the year before.

paragraphs: At the end of each season, a series of playoff games are played among the top six teams in the NFC. These are the four division champions (by place standing) and the two other teams ("wild cards") with the best win-loss records. The NFC playoffs culminate in the NFC Championship Game for the George Halas Trophy. The NFC Champion plays the AFC Champion in the Super Bowl.

paragraphs: The NFC was made after the NFL merged with the American Football League (AFL) in 1970. While all of the former AFL teams along with the NFL's Cleveland Browns, Pittsburgh Steelers, and Baltimore Colts made up the American Football Conference (AFC), the other 13 NFL teams formed the NFC.

paragraphs: However, team owners could not agree to a plan on how to put the teams into divisions in the NFC. The proposals were narrowed down to five finalists. Then the plan that was selected was picked out of a glass bowl by then-NFL commissioner Pete Rozelle's secretary.

paragraphs: Since the merger, three expansion teams have joined the NFC. This makes the current total number of teams 16. When the Seattle Seahawks and the Tampa Bay Buccaneers joined the league in 1976, they were temporarily placed in the NFC and AFC, respectively, for one season before they switched conferences. The Seahawks returned to the NFC as a result of the 2002 realignment. The Carolina Panthers joined the NFC in 1995.


title: Swedish Wikipedia

paragraphs: The Swedish Wikipedia () is the Swedish-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition was started in May 2001. It is the 2nd largest edition.


title: Dalmatian (dog)

paragraphs: The Dalmatian (Croatian: "Dalmatinac") is a breed of dog. It is named after the Adriatic coast of Dalmatia, in Croatia, its first home. The origins of the breed are unknown. The Dalmatian has been used for a war dog, fire department mascot, and shepherd. It is best known, however, as a coach or carriage dog, being a guard for horse-pulled vehicles. Also, the Dalmatian was used for being a circus performer, vermin hunter, fire-apparatus follower, hound dog, and as a guard dog.

paragraphs: There are lots of arguments about the origin of this dog. Spotted dogs are known very much in the history of Africa, Europe, and Asia. Spotted dogs are also thought to have lived in Egypt. In 1700, a dog known as the "Bengal pointer", which looked a bit like the Dalmatian, was popular in England. Some think the Dalmatian is from Croatia, and is a Croatian breed. In the Middle Ages, it was used as a hound dog for hunting. The breed became popular as a carriage dog in the 1800s. They walked among the horses and carriages, following their masters, and guarding the carriages and horses while the master was busy with other things.

paragraphs: The Dalmatian is a medium , strong dog. Its skull is flat on the top. The muzzle is almost the same length as the top of the skull. Its nose can be either black, brown (liver), blue, or a dark gray that looks like black. Its round eyes are either brown or blue, or sometimes both put together.

paragraphs: Its toenails are white or black in dogs with a black spotted coat and brown or white in those with liver colored spots. Puppies are usually born completely white and the spots develop a few weeks after they are born.

paragraphs: Around 8% of Dalmatians are born deaf and some can become partially deaf after a while making them expensive to treat.

paragraphs: Dalmatians are known as the "clowns" in the dog world. They are also loyal to their owners and caretakers. Dalmatians are medium sized dogs, and they are very active and lively. They are brave and smart, and their senses are very bright. This makes them a good choice to become a companion dog.


title: Araucaria heterophylla

paragraphs: Araucaria heterophylla, also called the Norfolk Island Pine, is a conifer tree.

paragraphs: The tree comes from Norfolk Island, a small island in the South Pacific. It is part of the family of trees called Araucaria, which are found in South Pacific, mainly on the island of New Caledonia. It is a very old family of trees. It is listed a vulnerable tree, which means that it is in danger of dying out unless efforts are made to save it.

paragraphs: Captain James Cook was the first Europen to see the trees. He thought they would make good masts for ships. The British government sent people to live on Norfolk Island in 1788 to make sure that these trees would be kept for use by the Royal Navy.


title: Vulnerable species

paragraphs: A vulnerable species is a species of animals or plants which are likely to become endangered unless something changes. Something has to be done to remove the things that are harmful to their survival, and their rate of reproduction needs to increase.

paragraphs: A vulnerable species is one which has been categorised by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. There are now 4728 animals and 4914 plants listed as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List.


title: Extinct in the Wild

paragraphs: Extinct in the Wild (EW) is a conservation status given to a species, a group of plants or animals, when the only known living members are being kept in captivity (kept in a zoo, or planted in pots), or they are no longer living in their normal habitat.

paragraphs: Reintroduction is the release of species back into the wild. They come from captivity or moved from other areas where the species survives. It usually involves species that are endangered or extinct in the wild.

paragraphs: It is very hard to reintroduce EW species into the wild, even if their natural habitats were fixed. The main reason may be that the survival skills, which are passed from parents to offspring during parenting, are lost. In other words, the genetics of the species are saved, but the natural skills of the species are lost.


title: Roscoe Wind Farm

paragraphs: The Roscoe Wind Farm in Roscoe, Texas, is the world's largest wind farm (as of October 2009) with 627 wind turbines and a total installed capacity of 781.5 MW, which surpasses the nearby 735.5 MW Horse Hollow Wind Energy Center. The project cost more than $1 billion and provides enough power for more than 250,000 average Texan homes. It is located about 200 miles (320 kilometers) west of Fort Worth. The wind farm area spans parts of four Texas counties and covers nearly 100,000 acres, several times the size of Manhattan.

paragraphs: Unlike fossil-fueled power plants, wind farms require no water and generate no carbon dioxide -- a heat-trapping greenhouse gas that is a major contributory component for global warming.


title: Sherbino Wind Farm

paragraphs: The Sherbino Wind Farm is in Pecos County in west Texas. The first 150 megawatts (MW) of the project, which will be able to create 750 MW, is in operation. Phase I uses 50 Vestas V-90 wind turbine generators, each with a rated capacity of 3 MW. BP will operate phase I of the project.


title: Aglaonema

paragraphs: Aglaonema is a genus of about 40 species of foliage plants in the family Araceae, native to the tropical swamps and rainforests of southeastern Asia from Bangladesh east to the Philippines and north to southern China. No common name is widely used, though they are sometimes called "Chinese evergreen".


title: Swallowing

paragraphs: Swallowing happens when food goes through the mouth of a person or animal into their throat. During swallowing, the food passes through a few organs called the pharynx, esophagus and lastly the stomach.


title: Overweight

paragraphs: Overweight is the condition of a person when they have more fat in their body than what is thought as to be normal for their height.

paragraphs: To find out if a person is overweight, you can calculate their body mass index. People with a BMI of 25 or more are said to be overweight. Anything above 30 is said to be obese (very overweight). Overweight used to be a BMI of 27 or more. In 1998 this changed.

paragraphs: Being overweight is associated with health problems such as Type 2 diabetes. Obesity is associated with greater health problems than overweight. In 2006 Adams et al. estimated that the risk of death increases by 20 to 40 percent among overweight people. Some people think that being overweight is not as unhealthy as is commonly thought. A 2013 review of 97 Pubmed articles with a sample size of 2.88 million found that overweight is associated with significantly lower all-cause mortality (death) than 'normal' weight. Body fat contains energy that the body can use to heal when it is sick.

paragraphs: 51.3% of overweight adults are metabolically healthy. Metabolically healthy overweight women are no more likely to die or have a heart attack or stroke than metabolically healthy normal weight women.

paragraphs: Doctors often tell overweight people that losing weight would be good for their health. People usually try to lose weight by eating less. This is called 'dieting'. They may exercise too.

paragraphs: Dieting is often ineffective. 41% of dieters weigh more four to five years after the end of the diet than before it began.

paragraphs: Some people might use herbal teas, powders and pills to help to lower their mass.

paragraphs: Overweight is not just associated with bad health. People think that being overweight means that a person is lazy or bad. Overweight people are often treated badly by other people for because of this. This is called fatphobia.

paragraphs: More than 1.4 billion adults are overweight in the world. The amount of overweight people is increasing.


title: National Day

paragraphs: National days are the days which are very special and important for a nation.A National Day is a special day where people celebrate their country or nation each year. Most countries have national days and they are usually a national holiday, where people don't go to work or school. In many countries which used to be colonies, the national day is known as because it remembers the day they became free of their old empire. In other countries like China, the national day remembers when the old government of the country changed to the new one. In the past, the king or emperor's birthdays were often treated as a kind of national day.

paragraphs: Most countries have only one national day each year but some (like India Bangladesh and Pakistan) have more than one. The different parts of the United Kingdom used to be nations and still have national days, but the UK does not have one holiday for the whole country apart from the Queen's Official Birthday. (This isn't her real birthday or an official holiday, but a special Saturday to remember her when people are usually already off work anyway.) Denmark is another country that has no official national day.


title: Crying

paragraphs: Crying is when tears come out of a person's eyes because of their emotions, such as when they are sad, angry, or very happy.

paragraphs: Animals cannot cry. However, animals can release tears for other reasons, such as intense pain.

paragraphs: When over 300 adults were asked how often they cried, they found out that men usually cry once every month, and women cry five or more times per month.


title: Ichizo Nakata

paragraphs: Ichizo Nakata (born 19 April 1973) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Fabiano Cezar Viegas

paragraphs: Fabiano Cezar Viegas (born 4 August 1975) is a Brazilian football player.


title: Éder Ceccon

paragraphs: Éder Ceccon (born 13 April 1983) is a Brazilian football player.


title: Txiki Begiristain

paragraphs: Txiki Begiristain (born 12 August 1964) is a former Spanish football player. He has played for Spain national team.


title: Yasutaka Kobayashi

paragraphs: Yasutaka Kobayashi (born 15 June 1980) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Fukushima United.


title: Yoshinori Taguchi

paragraphs: Yoshinori Taguchi (born 14 September 1965) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Graeme Souness

paragraphs: Graeme Souness (born 6 May 1953) is a former Scottish football player. He has played for Scotland national team.


title: Orthodox Judaism

paragraphs: Orthodox Judaism is the more traditional form of nowadays Judaism. It holds that both the scripture of the Torah and mouth-to-mouth traditions later written down in the Talmud etc., were actually and literally given by God, and that past rabbis handed them over without change and were always faithful in deciding how they applied to reality. Because of this, Orthodox Judaism is very careful in holding to the tradition of past rabbis, and is very conservative on how current rabbis may decide what the law is in new cases. Orthodox Jews consider themselves as the only truly faithful Jews and reject all the new non-Orthodox forms of Jewish thought, religious or secular, that came to be in the last 250 years (since the Jewish community lost its powers to enforce people, and Jews began to be citizens of the modern state). Even so, they are a product of new times just like everyone else: Their community organizations were created so they could separate from other Jews because those stopped being religious. The Orthodox also had to make very new ways of thinking and acting to deal with the big changes.

paragraphs: As of 2001, Orthodox Jews and Jews affiliated with an Orthodox synagogue, accounted for approximately 50% of Anglo Jewry (150,000), 25% of Israeli Jewry (1,500,000) and 13% of American Jewry (529,000). (Among those affiliated to a synagogue body, Orthodox Jews represent 70% of British Jewry and 27% of American Jewry).

paragraphs: Its followers must usually promise the following:


title: Seeheim-Jugenheim

paragraphs: Seeheim-Jugenheim is a municipality in the Darmstadt-Dieburg district in Hesse, Germany. It has a population of approximately 17,000.

paragraphs: Seeheim-Jugenheim consists of seven villages:

paragraphs: The municipality was formed on January 1, 1977. Before there had been the two municipalities of Seeheim and Jugenheim. Until January 1, 1978 the municipality was known as Seeheim; after that it became known as Seeheim-Jugenheim.

paragraphs: It is famous for its mountain bike trails to the nearby mountain Melibokus.

paragraphs: Seeheim-Jugenheim has been home to several famous residents, including Tsar Nicholas II of Russia as well as writers Georg Kaiser and Helene Christaller.

paragraphs: Industrial and commercial activity in Seeheim-Jugenheim is close to nonexistent; thus, most of its residents work in the nearby cities of Darmstadt, Frankfurt or Heidelberg.


title: 2000 AD

paragraphs: 2000 AD is a British science fiction comic that was started in 1977 and is still running as of 2009. Its most famous character is Judge Dredd.


title: Strontium Dog

paragraphs: Strontium dog is a science fiction comic strip that was first published in a British comic called starlord in 1978. The same year it was moved to a comic called 2000 AD. It is set in a future where a war ended long ago and it disfigured people. The main character is one of the disfigured mutants called Johnny Alpha.

paragraphs: In the future where the story is set, there are many mutants, who are discriminated and in order to live, the mutants either must live on the streets, or become a bounty hunter.

paragraphs: Johnny Alpha is a mutant bounty hunter who was given a special gift when he was disfigured. His eyes glow white, and they can let him see through walls, except lead, because radioactive waves cannot pass through lead. They also let him control peoples minds, which helps him in some instances.


title: Judge Dredd

paragraphs: Judge Dredd is a comic book character that first appeared in 2000 AD comics in 1977. The comics are set in a dystopian future where 'judges' control everything. A film based on Judge Dredd was made in 1995, starring Sylvester Stallone. A 2012 film starred Karl Urban.


title: Island of the Blue Dolphins

paragraphs: Island of the Blue Dolphins is an American book written for children by Scott O'Dell. It came out in 1960 and that same year won the Newbery Medal (a prize given to books for children). It is based on the true story of Juana Maria, the "Lone Woman of San Nicolas", a Native American woman left alone for 18 years on San Nicolas Island off the California coast before being rescued in 1853. It has been rewritten in 23 languages and was made into a movie by the same name.

paragraphs: O'Dell wrote a sequel to the story called "Zia".


title: San Nicolas Island

paragraphs: San Nicolas Island is the farthest from shore of California's Channel Islands. It is part of Ventura County. The 14,562 acre (58.93 km² or 22.753 sq mi) island is used by the United States Navy for a weapons testing and training. The only people who live on the island are about 200 people with the military. The island has a small airport and a big billboard.

paragraphs: San Nicolas was once the home of the Nicoleño people, who were probably related to the Tongva of the mainland and Santa Catalina Island. It was named for Saint Nicholas by Spanish sailor Sebastián Vizcaíno after he saw the island on the saint's feast day (December 6) in 1602. Vizcaíno reported that there were a lot of people living on the island. By 1800 the number of people on the island had gone down. In 1811 a group of Kodiak men from Alaska were put on to San Nicholas to hunt otters. They fought with the Nicoleños. When the Kodiaks left there were less than 100 of the original population left. By 1835 the population was about 12. The Nicoleños were taken off the island in the 1835 by the members of the California mission system. Within a few years of leaving the island the Nicoleño all died.

paragraphs: The most famous person from San Nicolas Island was the "Lone Woman of San Nicolas Island". She was left on the island in 1835 when the rest of the Nicoleños were moved to the missions. She lived on the island alone for 18 years before she was found and brought back to Santa Barbara in 1853. By this time there was no-one left who could speak her language. Her real name was never known, but as she was dying she was named Juana Maria. She died from dysentery seven weeks later. Her story was used for Scott O'Dell's award winning 1961 novel "Island of the Blue Dolphins". Today, a commemorative plaque about her life has been placed on the back of the east bell tower at Mission Santa Barbara. In 2012 scientists rediscovered a buried cave on the island where they believe the woman lived.

paragraphs: From 1957 and 1973, and in 2004, U.S. rockets were launched from San Nicolas Island.

paragraphs: There few kinds of plants and animals on San Nicolas Island. Sheep ate many of the plants before they were taken away in 1943. Even so, there are several plants that can only be found on the island. Three kinds of animals are there and nowhere else: deer mouse, island fox, and island night lizard. The island also has many birds.


title: Vladimir Kozlov

paragraphs: Oleg Aleksandrovich Prudius (born April 27, 1979) is a Ukrainian American professional wrestler, also known by his ring name Vladimir Kozlov. He is currently signed to Inoki Genome Federation. He also worked for WWE from 2006 to 2011. He is trained in freestyle wrestling, rugby, American football, sambo, kickboxing, judo, and mixed martial arts.

paragraphs: Prudius has also worked as a stage and screen actor, having a small part in Spike Lee's "25th Hour". Kozlov also had a role in "Grindhouse", appearing in the ""Werewolf Women of the SS"" trailer; he was credited under his real name and his WWE persona for the appearance. He is a former Ohio Valley Wrestling Heavyweight Champion.

paragraphs: On December 8, 2009, Prudius became a United States citizen.

paragraphs: Prudius has won numerous achievements, becoming the 2005 USA Open Heavyweight Sambo Champion

paragraphs: and a United States Kick-Boxing Association (USKBA) International Heavyweight Grappling Champion. He has also played American football for the Ukrainian National Team as well as Santa Barbara City College.

paragraphs: Prudius accompanied Jerry Jarrett to the ring at Slammiversary in 2005.

paragraphs: On January 17, 2006, World Wrestling Entertainment announced that Prudius had signed a developmental deal and was sent to Deep South Wrestling. On April 7, 2006 he started wrestling under his real name "Oleg Prudius" and had his first match in DSW against Tommy Suede.

paragraphs: On May 5, 2006, Prudius had his first untelevised WWE match during a house show in San Jose, California, defeating Rob Conway. The next night, at another house show in Sacramento, California, Matt Striker cut a promo on Prudius, calling him a "filthy immigrant," causing Prudius to attack him. Prudius then picked up the microphone and said he that he is "proud to be in America."

paragraphs: On the December 18, 2006 episode of "Raw", Prudius made an appearance as a WWE prospect named Vladimir Kozlov, which became his ring name. For the next several weeks, Kozlov was interviewed on WWE programming, proclaiming his love for "Double Double E" (WWE), but drawing some heel heat for declaring his superiority over whatever wrestlers were competing at the time.

paragraphs: On July 28, 2007 in Louisville, Kentucky, he won the OVW Heavyweight Championship by defeating Paul Burchill, but gave up the Championship the same night to Michael W. Kruel due to an agreement they made before.

paragraphs: On the April 4, 2008 episode of "SmackDown", Kozlov made his official WWE debut as a villain, with the unique quirk of having no entrance music and no TitanTron video – his "entrance" consisted of complete darkness except for a spotlight following him to the ring. He defeated Matt Bentley in his first match, and over the following weeks, Kozlov would win a series of matches. On the July 11, 2008 airing of "SmackDown", Kozlov debuted an entrance theme and TitanTron video as he defeated Stevie Richards.

paragraphs: In the following weeks, as Kozlov continued to easily win matches, he began demanding "better competition". On the September 12, 2008 edition of "SmackDown", he attacked Jeff Hardy. Over the following weeks, Kozlov would continue attacking both Hardy and the WWE Champion Triple H, eventually starting a loose rivalry between the three of them over the WWE title. Kozlov earned a match against Triple H for the WWE Championship at Survivor Series by defeating The Undertaker by disqualification on the November 6 episode of "SmackDown". Edge was added to the match while it was in progress, and pinned Triple H to win the match. This is because Jeff Hardy was originally supposed to compete, but was found unconscious in a Boston stairwell. At Armageddon, Kozlov gained his first pay-per-view win by defeating then-ECW Champion Matt Hardy in a non-title match. Kozlov competed in the 2009 Royal Rumble match, entering number 6, but was eliminated by Triple H after eliminating three other superstars including The Great Khali, MVP, and Carlito.

paragraphs: Prudius has made many television appearances. He appeared in the second season of the HBO drama series "The Wire", as well as "Roksalana" and "It's Not To Easy" on Ukrainian TV. In 2002, he appeared in Spike Lee's film "25th Hour", playing a Russian mafia enforcer. He appeared in the Russian military theatre play "Victory Day" and a Ukraine University play "Three Musketeers".


title: Anchises

paragraphs: In Greek mythology, Anchises was a son of Capys and Themiste (daughter of Ilus, son of Tros) or Hieromneme, a naiad. He is famous because he was mortal and a lover of the goddess Aphrodite (and in Roman mythology, the lover of Venus). He was also the father of Aeneas, who is the hero of "The Aeneid."

paragraphs: Anchises, in Greek legend, member of the junior branch of the royal family of Troy: While he was tending his sheep on Mount Ida, the goddess Aphrodite met him and, enamoured of his beauty, bore him Aeneas. For revealing the name of the child’s mother, Anchises was killed or struck blind by lightning.

paragraphs: Anchises was the son of Capys and Themiste in Greek mythology, father of Aeneas. He was better known as a lover of the goddess Aphrodite, who appeared in front of him disguised as a Phrygian princess. She then seduced him into lovemaking for two weeks. Aphrodite became pregnant with Aeneas, and she appeared in front of Anchises with the newborn, revealing her true identity. She then told him not to boast of their affair to anyone; he did not listen to her, and Zeus hurled a thunderbolt against him, either scorching him or crippling him. He later married Eriopis, with whom he had at least one daughter, Hippodameia. During Troy's fall at the end of the Trojan War, his son Aeneas helped him escape as he was no longer able to walk after Zeus' punishment.

paragraphs: In later legend and in Virgil’s Aeneid, he was conveyed out of Troy on the shoulders of his son Aeneas, whose descendants founded Rome, and he died in Sicily.


title: The Wall Street Journal

paragraphs: The Wall Street Journal (WSJ) is an international newspaper published every day by a company called Dow Jones & Company. It is published in New York City with Asian and European editions. In 2007, more than two million people read it daily, and about 931,000 people read in on its website. In the past, it was the most popular newspaper in the United States (the newspaper that the most people read in the country). However, "USA Today" became the most popular newspaper in November 2003.

paragraphs: This newspaper has won 37 Pulitzer Prizes, including for reporting in 2019, and to Dorothy Rabinowitz for Commentary in 2001.


title: Racing

paragraphs: Racing is a kind of competition or contest where winning means doing or finishing something before the other contestants do. And losing means failing this compitition or contest by finishing last or not finishing at all.

paragraphs: Usually, a race involves people getting from one place to another. Running is a kind of racing where people try to be the first person to run from the where the race started to the goal or finish line. People also race in cars, boats, airplanes and other vehicles, and on animals like horses. Often they race on a race track.

paragraphs: A race can also involve any other type of goal like eating. A common race involving eating is a hot dog eating race, where people try to eat more hot dogs than the other racers.


title: Erie Canal

paragraphs: The Erie Canal is a canal in New York State. It runs for 365 miles from the Hudson River to Lake Erie. It connects the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. The State authorized it in 1808, and it was built between 1818 and 1825. It was the first route between the eastern coast of the United States and the Great Lakes. The Canal caused a burst of population in western New York. It also helped New York City become a large port. Today, the Canal is part of the "New York State Canal System".


title: Coconut crab

paragraphs: The coconut crab, Birgus latro, is a large edible land crab related to the hermit crab. Coconut crabs are found in the tropical Indian and Pacific Oceans. Even though they are named the Coconut crab, they don't eat coconuts that often. They mainly eat certain fruits and nuts. Coconut crabs can climb trees. Coconut crab meat has been considered a local delicacy. Coconut crabs are extremely high priced in the national food market. They can live up to 120 years.


title: Plant sap

paragraphs: Plant sap, or just sap, is fluid transported in xylem tubes or phloem cells of a plant. Xylem cells transport water and inorganic nutrients through the plant; phloem cells transport sugary fluids and other biological molecules.

paragraphs: Latex or resin is not plant sap. They are separately produced, with different components and functions.

paragraphs: Xylem sap is mainly water, with plant hormones, mineral elements and other nutrients in a dilute solution. Sap in xylem moves from roots towards the leaves.

paragraphs: Phloem sap is water, with manufactured sugars, other biological molecules and mineral elements dissolved in it. It flows from where carbohydrates are produced or stored to where they are used.

paragraphs: A large number of animals, all of the single insect order Hemiptera, feed directly on phloem sap, and make it the primary component of their diet. Phloem sap is "nutrient-rich compared with many other plant products and generally lacking in toxins and feeding deterrents, [but] it is consumed as the sole diet by a very restricted range of animals". Phloem sap is physiologically extreme in terms of animal digestion: it is thought that few animals take direct advantage of this because they lack adaptations to this diet.

paragraphs: Many more consume phloem sap by proxy, feeding on the honeydew (a sweet secretion) of phloem-feeding hemipterans. Honeydew is physiologically less extreme than phloem sap. Others feed on the biomass of insects which have grown on direct ingestion of phloem sap.

paragraphs: Many products are made from plant sap. One of them is maple syrup. Maple syrup is made using sap from sugar maple trees.

paragraphs: Sap colour is different for different plants.


title: Threatened species

paragraphs: Threatened species are any species (including animals, plants, and fungi) which might soon become extinct.

paragraphs: The World Conservation Union (IUCN) are the experts on threatened species. They put threatened species into three groups, each group in more danger than the next:

paragraphs: One way scientists can work out how threatened a species is, is to measure the birth and death rates. If a species becomes small in numbers, it can get to a critical point. This happens when there are not enough individuals left alive to continue the species (critical depensation).

paragraphs: Species that are not a threatened species, but are still a concern, can be put into groups of Near Threatened, Least Concern, and Conservation Dependent. Conservation dependent is no longer used a group. When the species has not been studied, Not Evaluated, or there is not enough information, Data Deficient, the IUCN does not put them on the threatened species list.

paragraphs: Threatened species are also called "red listed" species, because they are in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

paragraphs: Under the Endangered Species Act in the United States, "threatened" means any species which is likely to become endangered in the near future, in all, or a large part of its range. The Bay checkerspot butterfly ("Euphydryas editha bayensis") is an example of a threatened species protected by the Endangered Species Act.


title: Three Cheers for Sweet Revenge

paragraphs: Three Cheers for Sweet Revenge is the second studio album by band My Chemical Romance. It was released on June 8, 2004 through Reprise Records.

paragraphs: Four singles were released from this album: "Thank You For The Venom", "I'm Not Okay (I Promise)", "Helena" and "The Ghost of You". It has sold over one million copies in the United States.

paragraphs: The 11th track It's Not a Fashion Statement it's a Deathwish has the word 'fucking' in the title on the CD itself but it is not shown as having that title on the back of the album.


title: Total Drama Island

paragraphs: Total Drama Island is a Canadian animated television show created by Jennifer Pertsch and Tom McGillis, produced by FreshTV and Cartoon Network Studios and first shown on June 7, 2008 on Cartoon Network. It is shown in Canada on Teletoon. It is the first season of the "Total Drama" series, followed by "Total Drama Action", and "Total Drama World Tour".

paragraphs: The game is an animated reality show where twenty-two 16-year-olds are divided into two groups of eleven each (the "Killer Bass" and the "Screaming Gophers") set in the summer camp "Wakanakwa" which is on an island in an unspecified zone in Muskoka, Ontario. The show spoofs many other reality shows, taking on elements of "Survivor", "Fear Factor" and "Iron Chef". Every week, both teams compete in a challenge. The winning team becomes immune to getting kicked off the show (called "invincibility"), while the losing team has to do an internal vote to select who is eliminated. That night, the losing team meets around a campfire, where Chris Mclean, the show's producer, gives each camper a marshmallow. The camper with the least votes for leaving gets the first marshmallow, the camper with the second least votes gets the second marshmallow, and so on, until the camper with the most votes for elimination is left. The camper that got the most votes is eliminated then, and must walk down the ""Dock of Shame"" to the ""Boat of The Losers"".

paragraphs: There are the twenty two participants who get selected for the reality show Total Drama Island:

paragraphs: Cartoon Network has broadcast the show in many parts of Europe due to the Pan-European feed. Jetix has been broadcasting the show in The Netherlands, and the UK.


title: Paris, Ontario

paragraphs: Paris is a town in Ontario, Canada. It is where Grand and Nith Rivers come together. It is west of Toronto. It has a population of over 10,000 people. These people normally work in the nearby cities such as Kitchener, Brantford and London.

paragraphs: Paris has a strong agricultural background. There are many farms around the center of the town. Paris used to have large clothing and furniture factories. Most of the manufacturing sector has disappeared in recent year.

paragraphs: The town has a strong community spirit. There are many business association that try to find ways to make the town successful and make people want to live there. Several new building projects have brought hundreds of families to the community to live in a town with a strong school system, sports activities and jobs.


title: Plug and play

paragraphs: Plug and play is the name for a number of technologies used in computing. Technologies that support plug and play allow to connect new devices to a computer. After a short while, these devices can simply be used. When they are no longer needed, they can be disconnected again. Plug and play does not require the user to load a specific device driver to access the device.

paragraphs: Plug and play is used to refer to both the configuration of devices at boot time, as well as to system that support adding a device later on. Examples for systems that support plug and play are USB and Firewire.


title: Orai

paragraphs: Orai is small city in Uttar Pradesh (U.P.), India. It is famous for kaalajamun (a special type of Indian sweet).

paragraphs: There are few small scale industries in Orai and a unit of Hindustan Unilever also in Orai. Kanpur and Jhanshi are big cities near Orai.


title: Friedrich-Wilhelm Karl

paragraphs: Friedrich Wilhelm Karl (15 September 1911 – 21 August 1970) was a Standartenführer in the Waffen SS during World War II. He was given the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross.

paragraphs: Friedrich Wilhelm Karl was born on 15 September 1911 in Frankfurt on Oder, Germany. He was one of the first people to join the SS (SS service number 101 983) and the NSDAP (party number 1591713). He was chosen to be an officer and sent to the SS officer school, the SS-Junkerschule at Bad Tölz, in 1934.

paragraphs: In 1940, Karl was given the Iron Cross medal 1st and 2nd level during the Battle of France. He was part of the 13th Company, SS Infantry Regiment called "Germania". They had small calibre artillery guns.

paragraphs: The SS Regiment "Germania" was used as the start of the new SS Division, 11th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division "Nordland". Karl was given command of the 11th SS Panzer Artillery Regiment. He received the German Cross in Gold in August 1944. He received the Knight's Cross in December 1944.

paragraphs: From 1945 to 1955, Karl was a prisoner of the Russians. He died on 21 August 1970 in Dortmund, Germany.


title: 1985 Atlantic hurricane season

paragraphs: The 1985 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1, 1985 and ended on November 30, 1985. However storms can form outside these dates for example, Tropical Depression Thirteen formed on December 7. As far as activity goes this was average. This season featured four powerful hurricanes, they include Hurricane Elena, Hurricane Gloria, Hurricane Juan and Hurricane Kate.

paragraphs: In the spring of 1986 the names Elena and Gloria were retired and replaced by Erika and Grace in 1991.


title: Standartenführer

paragraphs: Standartenführer was a Nazi Party rank that was used in both the S.A. and the S.S.. First started as a rank in 1925, in 1928 the rank became one of the first commissioned Nazi ranks and was given to S.A. and S.S. officers who commanded units known as "Standarten" which were between three hundred and five hundred men.

paragraphs: In 1929 the rank of Standartenführer was split into two ranks known as "Standartenführer (I)" and "Standartenführer (II)". This idea was given up in 1930 when both the S.A. and S.S. grew their rank systems to allow for more ranks.

paragraphs: By the start of World War II, Standartenführer was widely used as both an SS rank and a rank of the S.A.. In the Waffen-SS, the rank was considered the equivalent of an "Oberst" (colonel).

paragraphs: The insignia for Standartenführer was of a single oak leaf worn on both collars and was the first of the S.S. and S.A. ranks to be worn on both collars. From 1938, newer SS uniforms featured the shoulder boards of a German Oberst as well as the oak leaf collar patches.


title: Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross

paragraphs: The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (German language: "Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes", often just "Ritterkreuz") was a level of the Iron Cross. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was the second highest military order of the Third Reich, second only to the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross. It was awarded for extreme battlefield bravery or military leadership during World War II.


title: Junker (SS rank)

paragraphs: Junker was a Nazi rank that was used by the SS between the years of 1933 and 1945. The rank was a special rank held by those wanting to become officers in the armed part of the SS, first known as the "SS-Verfügungstruppe" and later as the "Waffen-SS".

paragraphs: The Junkerschule was a officer candidate school in Bad Tölz that trained men to become full SS officers.

paragraphs: The rank of SS-Junker was split into four levels, those being "Junker", "Oberjunker", "Standartenjunker", and "Standartenoberjunker".

paragraphs: The process for an Junker to become an SS officer usually took between 18 to 24 months to complete.


title: Truls Mørk

paragraphs: Truls Mørk (born Bergen, Norway, 25 April 1961) is a Norwegian cellist.

paragraphs: Mørk’s parents were both professional musicians. His mother began teaching him the piano when he was seven. He also played the violin, but soon changed to the cello, which his father taught him.

paragraphs: When he was 17 Mørk studied with Frans Helmerson, then Heinrich Schiff and the Russian cellist Natalia Schakowskaya.

paragraphs: Mørk won many prizes for his cello playing. In 1982 he became the first Scandinavian musician to reach the finals of the Tchaikovsky Competition in Moscow and won 6th Prize. In 1989 he started giving concerts in many countries in Europe, then in 1994 the United States with the Oslo Philharmonic, including debuts at Carnegie Hall and the Kennedy Center.

paragraphs: He has won prizes for his recordings, especially of Bach's Suites for Solo Cello. He loves chamber music and he started the International Chamber Music Festival of Stavanger.

paragraphs: Mørk is a Professor at the Norwegian Academy of Music, Oslo.

paragraphs: Mørk plays a cello that was made by Domenico Montagnana in Venice in 1723. The cello’s scroll (the bit at the top) was made by Stradivarius. A Norwegian bank has loaned it to him.