title: 2003 Atlantic hurricane season

paragraphs: The 2003 Atlantic hurricane season began on June 1, 2003 and ended November 30, 2003. However, Tropical Storm Ana formed on April 20, long before the official start of the season. Also, Tropical Storm Odette formed on December 4 and Tropical Storm Peter formed on December 7, both formed after the season ended. Hurricane Isabel is the main storm to remember, it was a category 5 that caused $3.6 billion in damage and 51 deaths in the U.S.. Another storm to remember was Hurricane Fabian, which one of the worst hurricanes in Bermuda history. The final notable storm was Hurricane Juan, a rare hurricane that caused some destruction in Nova Scotia.

paragraphs: Tropical Storm Ana was the only one of two storms in the Atlantic Ocean that began in the month of April, the other was a subtropical storm in 1992. Ana started as Subtropical Storm Ana on April 20, it later became Tropical Storm Ana. Ana died on April 24, but the remains reached the United Kingdom before completely dying. Ana killed two people but caused no damage.

paragraphs: Tropical Depression Two formed and died on the same day. Tropical Depression Two did not affect land. So Tropical Depression Two did not kill anyone or cause damage.

paragraphs: Tropical Storm Bill started as Tropical Depression Two on June 29. It later became Tropical Storm Bill and made landfall in Louisiana on June 30. Bill left $50.5 million in damage and killed 4 people before dissipating on July 2.

paragraphs: Claudette started as Tropical Storm Claudette which that started on July 8 in the Caribbean Sea. Claudette moved west and curved northwest before getting closer to Honduras. For just a little bit Claudette was a hurricane and weakened back to a tropical storm. It later crossed the Yucatán Peninsula and became a hurricane again, before striking the coast of Texas on July 15. Claudette did not died until July 17. The hurricane killed 3 people and left $181 million in damage.

paragraphs: Danny started as Tropical Depression Five on July 16. It was far from the area in which storm normally form, but water temperatures were warm and Five became a tropical storm. It even became a hurricane. But that didn't last long, Danny started weakening and became extratropical on July 21. What was left of Danny did not died until July 27. Danny came no were near land. So, Danny killed no one and caused no damage.

paragraphs: Tropical Depression Six started on July 19. The National Hurricane Center was thinking it would become a hurricane. Six died on July 21 without even becoming a tropical storm.

paragraphs: Seven started on July 25 offshore Florida. Seven did not become a tropical storm before making landfall in St. Catherines Island, Georgia. Seven died on July 27 and did not killed anyone, damage was next to nothing. Seven had the highest pressure of the storms in 2003, this made it the weakest storm in 2003.

paragraphs: Erika started as a tropical storm just west of Florida. Erika crossed most of the Gulf of Mexico without becoming a hurricane. Erika became a hurricane right before landfall in Mexico. Erika died on August 17, causing only $10,000 in damage and killed 2 people.

paragraphs: Tropical Depression Nine started on August 21. People at the National Hurricane Center said that it might become a tropical storm. Wind Shear attack Tropical Depression Nine. Tropical Depression Nine died without becoming a tropical storm. The remains caused heavy rain in Dominican Republic leaving $20,000 in damage. Nine did not actually kill anyone.

paragraphs: Hurricane Fabian was a powerful Cape Verde-type hurricane that hit Bermuda in early September during the 2003 Atlantic hurricane season. Fabian, the sixth named storm, fourth hurricane, and first major hurricane of the season, caused $200 million in damage and 8 deaths.

paragraphs: Grace was a weak tropical storm that started on August 30. It later on made landfall in Texas as a weak tropical storm. Grace died on September 2, leaving no one killed and only $113,000 in damage.

paragraphs: Henri was a strong tropical storm that formed near Florida. Before Henri made landfall in Florida on September 6, it weakened back to a tropical depression. It crossed Florida and never became a tropical storm again. Henri died on September 8. Henri left $19.6 million in damage and killed no one. The remains of Henri caused flooding to the some of the Mid-Atlantic states.

paragraphs: Hurricane Isabel was the costliest, deadliest, and strongest hurricane in the 2003 Atlantic hurricane season. It was the ninth named storm, fifth hurricane, and second major hurricane of the season. In all the storm left $3.6 billion in damage and 16 direct and 35 indirect deaths.

paragraphs: Tropical Depression Fourteen started on September 8 and died on September 10. It only came near Cape Verde Islands. It left no one dead and did not cause any damage.

paragraphs: Hurricane Juan started on September 24 as Tropical Depression Fifteen. The next day Fifteen became a tropical storm. It became a hurricane later and made landfall near Halifax, Nova Scotia on September 29. Juan died on the same day while it was in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. Hurricane Juan was one of the costliest hurricanes to strike the Canadian Providence of Nova Scotia. Hurricane Juan left 8 killed and about $200 million in damage.

paragraphs: Kate started halfway between Africa and South America on September 25. The storm later became a hurricane, even later on, a major hurricane. Hurricane Kate at one point, looked as if it were going to strike Newfoundland, but it didn't. Kate became extratropical from because the waters of the Atlantic were getting colder. Kate died on October 7, but the remains were last seen near Norway.

paragraphs: Larry started on October 1 in the southern Gulf of Mexico. The storm moved slowly south into the Bay of Campeche. Larry made landfall in Tabasco, which is a state in Mexico on October 5. Tropical Storm Larry died the next day and moved into the Pacific Ocean without reforming. Larry caused $53.4 million in damage and it killed 5 people.

paragraphs: Mindy was a weak tropical storm that started on October 10, just north of Dominican Republic. The storm moved northwest towards the Bahamas. Mindy curved to the north and later on to the east before getting close to the Bahamas. Tropical Storm Mindy died on October 14 after killing no one and causing only $46,000 in damage.

paragraphs: Nicholas was a tropical storm that formed about halfway between Africa and South America. It moved around in the Atlantic Ocean and almost became a hurricane. Tropical Storm Nicholas died on October 23, without becoming a hurricane. The remains of Nicholas moved across the Atlantic Ocean to Florida. The remains later on moved across the Gulf of Mexico and the Gulf Coast. What was left of it was last seen on November 5.

paragraphs: Odette was the first tropical storm in December since Hurricane Lili in 1984. On December 6 Odette made landfall in Dominican Republic and went into the Atlantic Ocean. Where it died the next day. Tropical Storm Odette killed 10 and left $8 million in damage.

paragraphs: Tropical Storm Peter was a rare second December storm. Peter almost became a hurricane but cold waters killed it on December 11. Peter was one of only four "P" names used in the Atlantic Ocean. The other three were Pablo in 1995, Philippe in 2005, and Paloma in 2008.

paragraphs: The names listed are a list of names that were used (and some not used) in 2003. The list is exactly the same as the list used in 1997, because no names were retired in 1997. The names that were not retired might be used again in 2009.

paragraphs: In spring 2004, the names Fabian, Isabel, and Juan were retired and replaced by Fred, Ida, and Joaquin on the list for 2009.


title: Hurricane Paloma

paragraphs: Hurricane Paloma was the seventeenth tropical cyclone, sixteenth tropical storm, eighth hurricane and fifth major hurricane of the 2008 Atlantic hurricane season. It was also the last storm of 2008. Hurricane Paloma was the second strongest hurricane in November, only behind Hurricane Lenny in 1999. In the Cayman Islands the damage totaled to $15 million. In Cuba the damage totaled to $300 million. Also in Jamaica the damage totaled to only $100,000. Luckily, the storm caused only 1 death.

paragraphs: It was the fourth time a "P" name began in the Atlantic since 1950. The other storms were Tropical Storm Pablo in 1995, Tropical Storm Peter in 2003 and Hurricane Phillippe in 2005 seasons. Paloma broke a record by making the 2008 season be the first time a major hurricane formed in five different months (July-November).

paragraphs: Paloma was also the second strongest hurricane in November, it was behind Hurricane Lenny in 1999.

paragraphs: In the spring of 2009 the name Paloma was retired and replaced by Paulette in 2015.


title: The Craig Machine

paragraphs: The Craig Machine is a live album by comedian Stephen Lynch that was released on October 4, 2005 by What Are Records?. The CD was recorded live at Symphony Space in New York City on May 9 and 16, 2005. "The Craig Machine" debuted at #2 on "Billboard" Magazine's Comedy Charts.

paragraphs: The title is taken from a lyric from the fifth track on the album, which is from the point of view of Jesus Christ's pretend brother, Craig. The quoted lyric asks of the listener "not 'What Would Jesus Do?' but 'Where will you be when the Craig Machine comes partyin' through?'"

paragraphs: All tracks written and sung by Stephen Lynch


title: John Paintsil

paragraphs: John Paintsil (born 15 June 1981) is a Ghanaian football player. He played for Fulham and Ghana national team.


title: Sable F.C.

paragraphs: Sable F.C. is a football club which plays in Cameroon.


title: Sharjah FC

paragraphs: Sharjah C.S.C. is a football club which plays in United Arab Emirates.


title: Al-Ahli Dubai

paragraphs: Al-Ahli Dubai is a football club which plays in United Arab Emirates. The club last made it to 8th place in the UAE Football League.


title: Ryan Babel

paragraphs: Ryan Babel (born 19 December 1986) is a Dutch football player. He plays for TSG 1899 Hoffenheim and Netherlands national team.


title: Al-Nasr Dubai

paragraphs: Al-Nasr Dubai is a football club which plays in the United Arab Emirates. Al-Nasr means "victory" in Arabic. It was founded in 1945, making it the oldest football club in the United Arab Emirates.


title: Al Wasl F.C.

paragraphs: Al-Wasl is a football club which plays in United Arab Emirates.

paragraphs: It is a part of the Al Wasl Sports Club.


title: Al-Wahda Abu Dhabi

paragraphs: Al-Wahda Abu Dhabi is a football club which plays in United Arab Emirates.


title: Djimi Traoré

paragraphs: Djimi Traoré (born 1 March 1980) is a Malian football player. He plays for Monaco.


title: Josemi

paragraphs: Josemi (born 15 November 1979) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Mallorca.


Robert Cullen


title: Superhero (Stephen Lynch album)

paragraphs: Superhero is a live album by comedian Stephen Lynch that has many kinds of comedy songs on it. "Priest", "Mother's Day", and "Lullaby (The Divorce Song)" were originally recorded on his first CD "A Little Bit Special". It was recorded live at four different comedy clubs in New York and New Jersey. Along with A Little Bit Special and The Craig Machine, the albums have sold over 250,000 copies.

paragraphs: His second official album, "Superhero", released in 2002, with "What Are Records?", was also a live album, and was given better reviews than the first, partly because of strong audience response. The title track, "Superhero", was 8 minutes and 58 seconds long, and mainly consists of Lynch listening to the audience suggest names for superheroes.


title: A Little Bit Special

paragraphs: A Little Bit Special is the first album by comedian Stephen Lynch. It was recorded at Park West Studios in Brooklyn, New York in 2000. Along with "Superhero" and "The Craig Machine", the albums have sold over 250,000 copies.

paragraphs: In the song "Jim Henson's Dead", Lynch pays tribute to many of the characters from "The Muppet Show" and "Sesame Street", two of puppeteer Jim Henson's most famous creations.


title: Melbourne, Derbyshire

paragraphs: Melbourne is a town in south Derbyshire, England. 6,500 people live in Melbourne. It is eight miles south of Derby and two miles from the River Trent.

paragraphs: Melbourne in Australia is named after the Prime Minister, Viscount Melbourne. His family home was in Melbourne.

paragraphs: Melbourne belonged to King William in 1086. William I owned a few places like Melbourne and Weston-on-Trent. The church was built in 1120.

paragraphs: A castle was built in Melbourne in 1311. The Duke of Bourbon was a prisoner at the castle after the Battle of Agincourt in 1416.

paragraphs: The Town Band play at Melbourne's events. These events are the carnival and carols at Christmas.


Stephen Lynch


title: Pokémon Adventures

paragraphs: Pokémon Adventures, released in Japan as , is a Pokémon-related manga based on the video games. Satoshi Tajiri once said that this series is closest to what he imagined the Pokémon world to be:

paragraphs: The series is written by Hidenori Kusaka and drawn by Mato for the first 9 volumes. Satoshi Yamamoto took over from Mato (who was ill at the time) and has not stopped since. The manga was translated into English in North America by VIZ Media, but publication stopped in 2001 at Volume 7. Recently, Viz has begun re-releasing the series in the form of "The Best of Pokémon Adventures: Red" and "The Best of Pokémon Adventures: Yellow", respectively, this time for $7.95 each, $6 less than nearly a decade ago when the publisher first began to publish the manga. VIZ Media has begun to release the series again with a 2nd edition. The first volume was released on June 2, 2009. and the second volume is to be released in August. In Southeast Asia, Singapore publisher Chuang Yi, currently translates Pokémon Adventures into English, and continues to translate new volumes to this day, so far up to volume 30. Jilin Fine Arts, along with the VIZ Media Shanghai Branch, has translated the manga into Chinese. In Taiwan, it is published by Ching Win, who translates it into Mandarin and releases it in their monthly CoroCoro Comic magazine.


title: Pragmatics

paragraphs: Pragmatics is the study of meaning in language in a particular context.

paragraphs: This includes the place where the thing is said, who says it, and the things that you have already said. Also, pragmatics studies how people speak when they both know something.

paragraphs: Pragmatics studies how people speak not literally, but in an indirect way. It studies why, even though this is the case, people can still understand each other. It studies how people can understand each other even if the words are ambiguous.

paragraphs: The ability to understand what someone intends to tell you is called pragmatic competence.


title: Inattentional blindness

paragraphs: Inattentional blindness, also called perceptional blindness is a phenomenon that sometimes occurs when people (who are not blind) are unable to see things that are there. There can be different causes of this:


title: Melky Cabrera

paragraphs: Melky Cabrera is a baseball player. He plays for the Chicago White Sox. He was born on August 8, 1984 in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. He has also played for the New York Yankees, Atlanta Braves, Kansas City Royals, San Francisco Giants, and Toronto Blue Jays. Cabrera played his first Major League game when he was only 20 years of age. He is 5'11" and weighs 170 lbs. He bats both left and right handed.


title: Ludacris

paragraphs: Christopher Brian Bridges (born September 11, 1977 in Champaign, Illinois), known by his stage name Ludacris is an American rapper and actor. From 1998 to 1999, he studied music management at Georgia State University. In 2004 he rapped on the Usher single "Yeah!" He has released seven albums. His next album is called "Ludaversal".


title: Millionaires (group)

paragraphs: Millionaires is an American electronic trio from Los Angeles, California. It was started in 2007 by three girls, Melissa Marie Green, Allison Green, and Dani Artaud. They are very popular on MySpace. The girls are notable for their mostly negative reaction from other people. They also performed one show for the TV show Double Shot at Love with the Ikki Twins.

paragraphs: Millionaires started in August 2007, when Melissa Marie and Allison made a song on their new laptop with GarageBand. They named the song "I Like Money", and decided they needed a name for themselves to make a MySpace profile for the song. Melissa Marie and Allison decided on Millionaires, to go with the name of the song. Soon after, Dani came in the mix, and they made their second song, "Hoe Down."

paragraphs: After a few months, they began to perform shows locally and traveled only small distances for shows. They got spots in music festivals such as Rockin Roots,Bamboozle Left 2008,and Audio Overload 2008. By July 2008, they were ready to tour and they went out on their first tour co-headlining with another band, Breathe Carolina across the West coast. Later in July, they headlined the GET F$CKED UP tour.

paragraphs: In July 2008, they performed on MTV's TRL as part of On The Radar, a show where popular bands not signed to a record label perform. The girls returned in January and February 2009 on their Just Got Paid, Let's Get Laid tour, which sold out every date. They made a short song titled "Ooh Uh Huh", which became the theme song for MTV's reality show "A Double Shot At Love" with the Ikki twins. Their song "Hey Rich Boy" was also used as the theme for MTV's Teen Cribs.

paragraphs: Before Millionaires were to release their second EP, "Just Got Paid, Let's Get Laid", it was rumored that the Millionaires were signed to Decaydance after Gabe Saprota from Cobra Starship convinved Pete Wentz to sign them on to the label. Later Wentz sent a message saying that Millionaires were not signed to Decaydance, and that Crush management had asked them to produce hard copies of their EP.


title: Heckler & Koch MP series

paragraphs: The MP series is a "personal defence weapon" (PDW) made by Heckler & Koch in Germany. It is one of the most popular submachine guns in the world. It is used by many different militaries and counter-terrorism and police groups.

paragraphs: The main version of the MP5, the MP5A2, uses 9mm pistol ammunition and shoots 800 rounds per minute, which is about thirteen rounds per second. The normal magazine size (how many bullets it holds at once) is 30 or 15 rounds.

paragraphs: There are many other versions of the gun, some which use different caliber bullets, are shorter, or have other differences. One important type of MP5 is the MP5SD series, which are MP5s with built in suppressors ('silencers'). The MP5SDs are quieter than most guns and can be used for stealth. The MP5 is used by many special forces groups around the world, including the United States Navy Seals and British SAS.

paragraphs: Since it is used by many heroes in pop culture, it is sometimes called the "good guy gun."

paragraphs: The MP7 is the updated MP5. It was designed with a new cartridge with higher muzzle velocity to meet NATO requirements published in 1989. A modern PDW needs greater ability to defeat body armour, because former weapons used only conventional pistol cartridges. The MP7 went into production in 2001. It is a direct rival to the Belgian FN P90, also developed in response to NATO's requirement. The MP7 has been revised since its introduction and the current production version is the MP7A1.


title: Meishi Street

paragraphs: Meishi Street, directed by Ou Ning, is a 2006 independent Chinese documentary that shows ordinary citizens taking a stand against the planned destruction of their homes for the 2008 Beijing Olympics. In order to widen traffic routes for the Olympic Games, the Beijing Municipal Government orders the demolition of entire neighborhoods. Several evictees of Meishi Street, located next to Tiananmen Square, fight through endless red tape and the indifference of fellow citizens for the right to keep their homes. Given video cameras by the filmmakers, they shoot exclusive footage of the eviction process, adding vivid intimacy to their story.


title: Brentwood College School

paragraphs: Brentwood College School is a boarding school for boys and girls that helps students get ready for university. This school is in a small town called Mill Bay on Vancouver Island in British Columbia, Canada. The school has modern classrooms, a theatre, and science labs. The school is next to the ocean. Students study the ocean and can go sailing, rowing, canoeing, and kayaking.

paragraphs: Brentwood College School was started in 1923 in Brentwood Bay. The old school was destroyed by a fire in 1947. The school was then moved to Mill Bay and opened again in 1961. In 1972, girls started going to the school.

paragraphs: Brentwood has tennis courts, rugby fields, student houses, and classrooms. There is a special building for rowing boats, a gymnasium, a medical building, and other buildings. In 1995, the theatre (T. Gill Bunch Centre) was built. This is a 20,000 square Foot (unit of length) theatre with 431 seats for the audience. Students act, play music, and dance in the theatre.

paragraphs: The theatre uses a heating system that doesn't harm the environment. The school will have another sustainable development building with classrooms, a big dining room and clothes laundry in February 2010.

paragraphs: Brentwood offers lessons that help students get ready for university. These lessons are for students who are in grades 9, 10, 11 or 12. Brentwood is a very good school in British Columbia. All the students go to university when they leave Brentwood.

paragraphs: These are the clubs that students can belong to:

paragraphs: Some of the students receive money to help them study at the school.

paragraphs: The students have won a lot of awards for sports.

paragraphs: Brentwood College has a very good rowing program. Some of the students have rowed in national (Canadian) races and at the Olympic Games. Many of the students who row go to American universities.

paragraphs: Every year Brentwood has a rowing regatta. The regatta is in April for three days. This regatta is the biggest high school rowing regatta in North America, with 1500 students rowing and 3000 people watching.


title: Cutscene

paragraphs: A cutscene is a time in a video game where the game stops and the player watches something happen.

paragraphs: Usually cutscenes tell part of the story, such as showing characters talking or having a narrator say what is going on. Sometimes, however, a cutscene just shows something that is happening in the game, like a boss showing up, a ship taking off, or a building falling down.

paragraphs: There are many different types of cutscene. Some cutscenes are very simple and just show pictures with text like a slideshow. Others may be animated like a cartoon. Sometimes the cutscene appears directly in the game engine.

paragraphs: Many new games use prerendered scenes, meaning that the scene was created when the game was made and saved as a video file. Prerendered videos are sometimes just saved movies of things recorded in the game engine, but some use Computer-generated imagery (CGI), which is separately made 3D graphics which are usually fancier than the game's normal graphics. Prerendered scenes with CGI are often used for a game's intro video.

paragraphs: A few games use live-action video footage, which is filmed like a movie or television show. Sometimes live-action footage will be used together with CGI.


title: Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

paragraphs: The Thirteenth Amendment was an amendment to the United States Constitution, meaning that it was a change to the basic and most important laws that govern the United States. It abolished slavery in the United States. It was passed in December 6, 1865, at the end of the Civil War with only a handful of Democrats supporting the Amendment in both Chambers of Congress. It was one of the Reconstruction Amendments. It repealed Article Four, Section 2, of the Constitution; the Fugitive Slave Clause.

paragraphs: Prior to the Civil War, Constitution allowed slavery. However, many groups sought to end slavery in the United States. The groups became the Republican Party in 1856, and gained power in 1860 with the election of Abraham Lincoln.

paragraphs: In 1863, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which freed slaves only in certain parts of the United States, and did not actually make slavery illegal.

paragraphs: Near the end of the Civil War, Republicans, who controlled Congress, introduced an amendment to make slavery illegal (against the law) in every part of the United States. (In order for an amendment to happen, it first must be passed by both the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives, and then passed by three-quarters of the states' legislatures.) The amendment was passed by three-quarters of the states, and became law in late 1865.


title: Hurricane Jeanne

paragraphs: Hurricane Jeanne was the tenth named storm, the seventh hurricane, and the fifth major hurricane of the 2004 Atlantic hurricane season. Hurricane Jeanne was a deadly storm, especially to Haiti. The storm cause 3,035 deaths, about 3,006 were in Haiti alone. Hurricane Jeanne was also a costly hurricane. With $7 billion in damage caused, it is the 13th costliest hurricane in U.S. History. In Florida the hurricane made landfall in the same area as Hurricane Frances did only two weeks before.

paragraphs: In spring 2005 the name Jeanne was retired because of the severe damage and the high number of deaths. Jeanne was replaced by Julia in 2010.


Jun Muramatsu


title: Mohamed Sissoko

paragraphs: Mohamed Sissoko (born 22 January 1985) is a Malian football player. He plays for Juventus and Mali national team.


title: Al-Ain S.C.C.

paragraphs: Al-Ain S.C.C. is a football club which plays in United Arab Emirates.


title: Stephen Warnock

paragraphs: Stephen Warnock (born 12 December 1981) is an English football player. He plays for Aston Villa.


title: Redevelopment

paragraphs: Redevelopment is any new construction on a place which is already in use. An example is the redevelopment of a block of small houses into a large apartment.


title: Articulated vehicle

paragraphs: An articulated vehicle is a vehicle which has a pivot joint. This allows the vehicle to turn more sharply.

paragraphs: There are many kinds of articulated vehicles: buses, trams and trains may be articulated. Steam locomotives were sometimes articulated so the driving wheels could pivot around turns. In fact, the whole idea of a train is an articulated set of vehicles which run along a track.

paragraphs: Any vehicle towing a trailer could be described as articulated. The term (UK) of "articulated lorry" refers to the combination of a front part which pulls (the "tractor") and a rear part which follows (the "trailor"). In American English, these may be called semi-trailer trucks..


title: Balloon loop

paragraphs: A balloon loop allows a train to reverse direction without having to shunt or stop. Balloon loops can be useful for passenger trains, and "unit" freight trains, such as coal trains.


title: Lund University

paragraphs: Lund University is a public university in Lund. It was founded in 1666 and is the second oldest university in Sweden.


title: Lope de Rueda

paragraphs: Lope de Rueda (1510?, Seville - 1565, Córdoba) was a Spanish dramatist and author. He was regarded by some as the best of his era. A very versatile writer, he also wrote comedies, farces, and pasos. He was the precursor to what is considered the golden age of Spanish literature.


title: Guillén de Castro

paragraphs: Guillén de Castro y Bellvis (1569 – July 28, 1631), was a Spanish dramatist of the Spanish Golden Age.


title: Sic

paragraphs: Sic is a Latin word meaning "thus", "so", "as such", or "in such a manner". In writing, it is put in square brackets and italic type – ["sic"] – to show that any incorrect or unusual spelling, phrases, punctuation, or other quoted material have been copied (word for word) from its original source.

paragraphs: At first, it was said like the English word "seek" (IPA /'sik/); however, it is normally said like the English word "sick" (/'sɪk/).

paragraphs: The word "sic" may be used to show that an uncommon or old usage is written faithfully: for instance, quoting the U.S. Constitution:

paragraphs: It is often used, though, to highlight an error, sometimes to ridicule, such as here in "The Times":

paragraphs: Sometimes, "sic" is said to be an abbreviation for "said in context", "spelled in context", "said in copy", and other phrases. While incorrect, this still gives the same meaning when used.


title: Warm front

paragraphs: A warm front is a leading edge of a warmer air mass that is advancing into a cooler air mass.

paragraphs: Warm fronts usually have stratus and cirrus clouds, but sometimes they also have cumulus and cumulonimbus clouds. Before the warm front passes, there can be rain or snow. While it is passing, there is often light rain or drizzle.

paragraphs: Warm fronts move more slowly than cold fronts.

paragraphs: On a weather map warm fronts are shown as red lines with red semicircles pointing in the direction that the front is moving.


title: Groundwater

paragraphs: Groundwater (or ground water) is water located below the ground surface. Groundwater starts as rain (or other precipitation), and flows under ground for long periods of time through aquifers. Groundwater flow returns to the surface again through springs and rivers. Groundwater is an important part of the water cycle.

paragraphs: People bring groundwater to the surface by digging or drilling wells below the surface. They bring up water from the aquifer and use it for irrigation and other purposes.


title: Palm Beach County, Florida

paragraphs: Palm Beach County is the largest county in Florida. It is one of three counties that makes up the Miami metropolitan area. In 2007 the number of people in Palm Beach County was 1,351,236. The area of Palm Beach County is 2,386 square miles. Palm Beach County was made in 1909. The three largest cities in Palm Beach County are West Palm Beach (first, 150,000 people), the county seat, Boca Raton (second, almost 90,000 people), and Boynton Beach (third, almost 70,000 people). The county owns the southeastern area of Lake Okeechobee.

paragraphs: Palm Beach County was made from part of Miami-Dade County in 1909. It was split into more counties later on. In 1915 the southern part of Palm Beach County became Broward County. In 1917 the northwest part of the county became Okeechobee County. In 1925 the northern part of the county became Martin County.


title: Lake Okeechobee

paragraphs: Lake Okeechobee is the largest lake in the U.S. state of Florida. Lake Okeechobee covers about 730 square miles (about half the size of Rhode Island). The lake is shared by Glades, Okeechobee, Martin, Palm Beach, and Hendry counties. Some cities on the shore of Lake Okeechobee include: Belle Glade, Clewiston, Okeechobee, and Pahokee.


title: All I Ever Wanted (album)

paragraphs: All I Ever Wanted is the fourth studio album by American pop rock singer-songwriter Kelly Clarkson. It was released on March 6, 2009 in Australia and Germany. On March 9, 2009 in the United Kingdom and New Zealand. On March 10, 2009 in Canada, Mexico and the United States. And on March 13, 2009 in Italy. It was her second album to debut at #1 on the Billboard Hot 200. That made it Clarkson's second non-consecutive number-one album. "All I Ever Wanted" went Gold in Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom.

paragraphs: The album was originally going to be called "Masquerade," but the title was changed to "All I Ever Wanted." That was because because Clarkson felt that there were already albums with similar themes then on the charts, such as P!nk's "Funhouse" and Britney Spears' "Circus". "All I Ever Wanted" sold 828,000 copies in the U.S. The album was nominated for Best Pop Vocal Album at the 52nd Grammy Awards.


title: Bernard Herrmann

paragraphs: Bernard Herrmann (June 29, 1911 – December 24, 1975) was an American composer known for writing music for movies.

paragraphs: He won the Academy Award for the movie "The Devil and Daniel Webster" made in 1941. Herrmann often worked with director Alfred Hitchcock, including "Psycho", "North by Northwest", "The Man Who Knew Too Much", and "Vertigo". He also wrote music for many other movies, including "Citizen Kane", "Cape Fear" and "Taxi Driver". He also wrote music for radio drama including works for Orson Welles. He wrote for several fantasy movies by Ray Harryhausen, and many television programs.

paragraphs: "Note: This is by the date of release, not when they were written"

paragraphs: These works are for a speaker and a full orchestra. These were written to be played over the radio because a human voice would not be able to be heard over the full volume of an orchestra. The 1935 works were written before June 1935.


title: Félix María Samaniego

paragraphs: Félix María de Samaniego (October 12, 1745— August 11, 1801; born and died in Laguardia, Álava) was a Spanish neoclassical fabulist, educated at Valladolid. A government appointment was secured for him by his uncle the Count de Peñaflorida. He was a Spanish neoclassical fabulist and was educated at Valladolid.


title: Vermilion (song)

paragraphs: Vermilion is the second single from the album "" by metal band Slipknot.


title: Before I Forget (song)

paragraphs: Before I Forget is a Grammy Award-winning song and the third single from the album "" by metal band Slipknot.


title: Mate. Feed. Kill. Repeat.

paragraphs: Mate. Feed. Kill. Repeat. is the first demo album by American heavy metal band, Slipknot. The demo was released on October 31, 1996. The album was limited to 1,000 copies.


title: Turntablism

paragraphs: Turntablism is the art of changing sounds to create music using phonograph turntables and a DJ mixer.


title: Nadezhda von Meck

paragraphs: Nadezhda Filaretovna von Meck () ( - ) was a rich Russian businesswoman. She is remembered today for her strange relationship with the famous composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. For many years she paid him a lot of money each month so that he could compose. They wrote passionate love letters to one another, yet they never actually met one another.

paragraphs: She also gave financial support to other people in the arts and music, especially to the composers Nikolai Rubinstein and Claude Debussy.

paragraphs: She was born Nadezhda Filaretovna Frolovskaya. Her family owned a lot of land. Her father loved music. Her mother was a very determined business woman.

paragraphs: Nadezhda learned to play the piano and she read many books, learned foreign languages and learned about paintings.

paragraphs: When she was 16 it was arranged for her to marry Karl von Meck, a 28-year-old engineer. Together they had 18 children, of whom 11 grew up to be adults.

paragraphs: Her husband worked for the government. He did not earn much money and the family was growing quickly. Nadezhda wanted her husband to be rich. At this time the steam engine had recently been invented, and railways were just starting to be built in Russia. Nadezhda thought her husband could earn a lot of money building railways. She was right. As an engineer he became responsible for buildings thousands of miles of railroad tracks. The new railways allowed grain to be transported from Central Russia to places like Moscow.

paragraphs: Karl died suddenly in 1873. Nadezhda took over his business matters. She sold one railway and controlled the other one with the help of her brother. She kept away from other people, living a solitary life with her children. She was very strict indeed with them, telling them exactly what to do all the time. She did not like the idea of marriage, but realized her children would need to marry. She tried to get them to marry quickly, probably for financial reasons.

paragraphs: Nadezhda von Meck was very rich and loved music, so she became an important person in Russian performing arts. Several musicians were employed by her in her house. Claude Debussy lived with the family for a time as a music teacher to her daughters. Debussy was a young man at the time, and not yet famous.

paragraphs: The only concerts she went to were those given by the Russian Musical Society in Moscow. She sat alone where nobody would notice her. She met Nikolai Rubinstein. She thought he had great talent, but she disagreed with him a lot of the time.

paragraphs: In 1877 she came into contact with Tchaikovsky, although she never met him. She asked him to compose some pieces for violin and piano to play at her home. Tchaikovsky knew she was a rich lady who paid well, so he quickly composed some music. They wrote letters to one another, exchanged photographs of one another, but they came to an agreement that they would never meet. She paid him 6,000 rubles a year. This was a lot of money: about twenty times the salary of an ordinary government worker. He was able to stop teaching at the Moscow Conservatory and spend his time composing. Between 1877 and 1890 they wrote about 1,200 letters to one another. Her encouragement was very important to him, and helped him to keep happy when he felt depressed.

paragraphs: In 1876 Tchaikovsky had decided to marry. He was then a composer aged 36. He was gay, and this was something terrible in Russia at that time. He was very frightened that people would find out and that he would be bullied. So he decided to marry. He did not care who it was he married, so long as it would make him look respectable. The next year he found a young girl called Antonina to marry. He told Nadezhda. She wrote to congratulate him and told him she hoped he would be happy. A week later, Tchaikovsky wrote to Nadezhda to ask for more money because the marriage had put him into debt. A few weeks later he was writing again to her saying that he hated his wife. He soon separated from her. Writing to Nadezhda was a great support to him at this time. It is impossible to know whether Nadezhda knew he was gay or whether that would have made a difference to her feelings. At any rate, she continued to write that she loved him. She increased the amount she was paying him to 6,000 roubles a year. This was a lot of money: about twenty times the salary of an ordinary government worker. He was able to stop teaching at the Moscow Conservatory and spend his time composing. Between 1877 and 1890 they wrote about 1,200 letters to one another. Her encouragement was very important to him, and helped him to keep happy when he felt depressed.

paragraphs: Her relationship with Tchaikovsky was also a good thing for her. She hated anything to do with sex, so it was good that she could express her emotions to someone whom she did not have to face in person. Tchaikovsky dedicated his Fourth Symphony to her.

paragraphs: On one occasion they met one another by accident. Nadezhda had invited Tchaikovsky to stay at her home. This was a huge house in enormous grounds, so it was easy to arrange that they should not meet. They agreed that they would not go out at the same time. However, one day he came home late and she went out early. She was in a horse carriage and he was walking. When they saw one another they looked away quickly.

paragraphs: In October 1890, von Meck sent Tchaikovsky a year's money in advance, saying that it was the last time she would be able to send him money. She said she was bankrupt. She may have worried that she probably would be bankrupt in a year’s time.

paragraphs: Some people think that she did this because she found out about Tchaikovsky’s homosexuality. Others disagree with this. After all, in her last letter to him she asked him never to forget her.

paragraphs: Nadezhda von Meck died from tuberculosis on 13 January 1894 in Nice, France, two months after Tchaikovsky had died.


title: Tron: Legacy

paragraphs: Tron: Legacy is a 2010 science fiction movie that was produced by Sean Bailey, Jeffrey Silver and Steven Lisberger and was directed by Joseph Kosinski. "Tron: Legacy" was released on December 17, 2010 in North America. The movie received mixed reviews with a 50% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and a 49 out of 100 from Metacritic. It was the sequel to the 1982 movie, "Tron".


title: Clapper (musical instrument)

paragraphs: A clapper is a basic form of percussion instrument. It is made of two long solid pieces that are clapped together to make sound.

paragraphs: Clappers exist in many forms in many different cultures around the world. They can be made of a wide variety of material. Wood is most common, but metal and ivory have also been used.


title: Sovereign state

paragraphs: A sovereign state is a state with borders where people live, and where a government makes laws and talks to other sovereign states. The people have to follow the laws that the government makes. Most sovereign states are "recognized" which means other sovereign states agree that it's really a sovereign state. Being recognized makes it easier for a sovereign state to talk to and make agreements (treaties) with other sovereign states. There are hundreds of recognized sovereign states today - see List of sovereign states.

paragraphs: There is no rule to say what exactly makes a state. Usually, the things a state must have are mainly political, not legal. The Czechs and the Poles were seen as separate states during World War I, even though they did not exist as states yet. L.C. Green explained this by saying that "recognition of statehood is a matter of discretion, it is open to any existing state to accept as a state any entity it wishes, regardless of the existence of territory or an established government."

paragraphs: This means that it is up to any state that already exists to treat any other group as a state. This recognition can be direct or implied. When a state does this, it usually means that the group will also be treated as a state for things that happened in the past. Sometimes it means that the state wants diplomatic relations with the other group, but not always.

paragraphs: Sovereignty is a word that is often used wrongly. Lassa Oppenheim said that there is no idea whose meaning is more than sovereignty. No one argues the fact that from the time the idea of sovereignty was first used in political science until now, there has never been one meaning that everyone agreed on. Justice Evatt of the High Court of Australia says that "sovereignty is neither a question of fact, nor a question of law, but a question that does not arise at all."

paragraphs: Although the word sovereignty often includes all types of government, ancient and modern, the modern state has some links to the type of government first seen in the 15th century, when the term "state" also first meant what it does today. Because of this, the word is often used to refer only to modern political systems.

paragraphs: We often use the words "country", "nation", and "state" as if they mean the same thing; but there is actually a difference:

paragraphs: Because the meaning of the words has changed over time and past writers often used the word "state" in a different ways it is difficult to say exactly what a state is. Mikhail Bakunin used the word simply to mean a governing organization. Other writers used the word "state" to mean any law-making or law enforcement agency. Karl Marx said that the state was what was used by the ruling class of a country to control the rule. According to Max Weber, the state is an organization who are the only people allowed to use violence in a particular area.

paragraphs: In 1815 at the Congress of Vienna the Final Act only recognized 39 sovereign states in Europe. Because of this, they said that in future new states would have to be recognized by other states. In practice, this meant recognition by one or more of the most powerful countries.

paragraphs: This constitutive theory was developed in the 19th century to describe what is and is not a state. With this theory, the need to follow international law depends on whether other sovereign governments recognize the group. Because of this, new states could not become part of the international community or be bound by international law immediately, so recognized nations did not have to respect international law in their dealings with them.

paragraphs: In 1912, an expert had the following to say on constitutive theory:

paragraphs: "International Law does not say that a State is not in existence as long as it isn't recognised, but it takes no notice of it before its recognition. Through recognition only and exclusively a State becomes an International Person and a subject of International Law".

paragraphs: One of the major issues is the confusion that happens when some states recognize a new group, but other states do not. Hersch Lauterpacht, one of the main people who supported the theory, suggested that it is a state's job to grant recognition as a possible solution. However, a state may use any set of rules when judging if they should give recognition.

paragraphs: One of the criteria most commonly used by micronations is the Montevideo Convention. The Montevideo Convention was signed on December 26 1933 by the United States, Honduras, El Salvador, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Argentina, Venezuela, Uruguay, Paraguay, Mexico, Panama, Bolivia, Guatemala, Brazil, Ecuador, Nicaragua, Colombia, Chile, Peru and Cuba but it never received international consensus. The Montevideo Convention has four conditions that a group "should" meet to become a state:

paragraphs: According to this, the existence of a state does not depend upon recognition by other states. Whether or not an group meets the conditions is decided by other states when they decide if they are going to treat that group as a state. Usually, new states are formally recognized by at least a few other states.

paragraphs: Most sovereign states are states "de jure" and "de facto". This means they exist both in law and in real life. However, sometimes states are only "de jure" states. This means that other states see a group as the true government of a place where they have no actual control. Many European states had governments-in-exile during the Second World War which still had relations with the Allies, even though their countries were under Nazi occupation. An example today is the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, which is a United Nations observer, has with 104 states. It has no land of its own, only embassies and consulates. Other states may have sovereignty over a place, but are not recognized by other states, these are "de facto" states only. Many people agree that Somaliland is such a state.


title: Giza Necropolis

paragraphs: Giza Necropolis (also called the Giza pyramid complex) is on the Giza Plateau near the city of Cairo, Egypt. It is about 8 kilometres (5 mi) inland into the desert from the ancient town of Giza on the Nile, and about 25 kilometres (12.5 mi) southwest of Cairo city centre. The Great Pyramid is the only remaining monument of the Seven Wonders of the World.The Pyramd of Giza took around 20,000 workers to build it and 20 years till it was finished

paragraphs: There have been many theories to explain how the pyramids were built. These theories include:


title: Yury Luzhkov

paragraphs: Yury Mikhailovitsch Luzhkov () (September 21, 1936 – December 10, 2019) was a Russian politician. He was a member of the United Russia. He became the Mayor of Moscow in 1992, when Gavriil Kharitonovich Popov quit the job since he could not handle the problems that came with it. He resigned in 2010. Luzhkov was born in Moscow.

paragraphs: Luzhkov died at a Munich hospital from heart surgery-related problems on December 10, 2019 at the age of 83.


title: Gary Twigg

paragraphs: Gary Twigg (born March 19, 1984 in Glasgow, Scotland) is a footballer. He plays as a striker. He currently plays for Shamrock Rovers in the League of Ireland. He was top scorer in the 2009 league season.


title: University of Delaware

paragraphs: The University of Delaware is a university in Newark, Delaware. It is partly a private university and partly a public university. It was founded in 1743, and three of its first students went on to sign the Declaration of Independence. Later famous graduates include Joe Biden, the former Vice President of the United States. The mascot is the Blue Hens, which are also the state bird of Delaware.

paragraphs: The school colors at the moment are blue and yellow.


title: Halifax, West Yorkshire

paragraphs: Halifax is a large town in West Yorkshire, England. The town has 82,056 people living in it. Halifax is close to Huddersfield and Bradford. Halifax is slightly farther away from the major cities of Leeds and Manchester. The economic booms of Leeds and Manchester, particularly in the financial sector, have led to Halifax becoming a commuter town for these two cities.

paragraphs: Halifax has a historic town centre. There is a lot of Victorian architecture in the town centre. Landmarks include the Town Hall, Piece Hall, the Wainwright monument, the Square Chapel and Halifax Minister.


title: Power Rangers

paragraphs: Power Rangers is a media franchise created by Haim Saban, that is currently owned by Hasbro.

paragraphs: It was owned by Saban Entertainment from 1993 until The Walt Disney Company bought the franchise in September 2001. Disney sold the franchise back to Saban in May 2010. In May 2018, Saban sold the franchise to Hasbro.


title: Sophoreae

paragraphs: Sophoreae (from "Sophora") is a tribe of Fabaceae.

paragraphs: . This tribe, that have relatively simple flowers and unspecialized pinnate leaves and quinolizilidine alkaloids, appears as polyphyletic ,


title: Calzone

paragraphs: A calzone (Italian "stocking" or "trouser" or "drooping sack" or "hanging fold") is a turnover from Italy. It is made with ingredients that are like a pizza, but they are not the same. It is folded into a crescent shape before it is cooked. Calzones are made from pizza dough and filled with mozzarella and ricotta cheese. Other things such as ham, salami, vegetables or an egg can used as fillings as well. The dough is folded over, sealed along the edge and then fried. It is usually served with a seafood sauce, or with garlic, parsley and olive oil.

paragraphs: The Pizza Hut restaurant sells large calzones known as the P'zone. In America, the Hot Pockets brand of microwaveable turnovers are called "Bread Stuffed Calzones".

paragraphs: In Chicago, the calzone is usually called a "pizza puff", made by Italco Foods.


title: Bisexual pornography

paragraphs: Bisexual pornography is a genre of pornography which generally shows one woman and two men, all perform sex acts with each other. Bisexual pornography is separate from threesome pornography, which shows one man and two women.

paragraphs: As most pornography is marketed to men, most bisexual porn is advertised to straight or bisexual men. Very few customers of bi-porn say they are gay. Producers who use the term "bisexual porn" are usually showing what a bisexual or bi-curious man might wish to see. Sex acts between a man and a woman, as well as between two men. A common way that these are shown in a single scene is with one woman and two men performing together.

paragraphs: Images and videos showing male bisexuality have been more popular since the start of internet pornography. However the area is still a very small grouping of the pornographic DVD market. For example, at porn seller HotMovies.com, there are only 655 bisexual movies out of a showing of more than 90,000 movies. Bisexual DVDs sell much better online than in adult video stores. This may be because customers in stores feel embarrassed to buy them. Most bisexual porn is made by small companies rather than the major studios. Actors are mostly new at porn. Any well-known actors in bisexual porn usually are from the gay pornography industry, although they may not be gay or even bisexual in their personal life.

paragraphs: Heterosexual actors and actresses who have appeared in bisexual porn, for example Kurt Lockwood, have had their sexual orientation doubted, and have been accused by the gay community of being in denial about their homosexuality.

paragraphs: Bisexual pornography may include any of the following:


title: Soap made from human corpses

paragraphs: During World War II, many people thought that the Nazis were making soap from the bodies of Jewish people who died in the concentration camps.

paragraphs: The Yad Vashem Memorial has said that the Nazis did not make a lot of soap from Jewish bodies. Yad Vashem says that the Nazis used rumors about making soap from bodies to scare the camp inmates. However, there is evidence that research facilities had come up with a way for large amounts of soap to be made from human bodies.

paragraphs: During World War I, the British had already accused Germany of using the fat from human bodies to make things. In April 1917, an important newspaper in London, England called "The Times" wrote that the Germans were using the bodies of their own dead soldiers to make soap and other products. It was not until 1925 that the British Foreign Secretary, Sir Austen Chamberlain, officially said that the "corpse factory" story had been an error.

paragraphs: Stories that the Nazis made soap from the bodies of concentration camp victims were common during the war. Germany did not have enough fats to make soap during World War II. Because of this, the government took control of making soap.

paragraphs: The "human soap" stories may have started because with the bars of soap made by the government were marked with the initials "RIF." Some people thought this stood for "Reichs-Juden-Fett" in German. This means "State Jewish Fat" in English. (In German acronyms, "I" and "J" were often used like the same letter, so people thought "RIF" could mean "RJF".)

paragraphs: In fact, "RIF" actually stood for "Reichsstelle für Industrielle Fettversorgung." This was the German government agency in charge of making and giving out soap and washing products during the war. (In English, the agency's name was the "National Center for Industrial Fat Provisioning.") RIF soap was not very good, and did not have any kind of fat.

paragraphs: Raul Hilberg reports that stories about soap made from human fat were told in Lublin, Poland, as early as October 1942. The Germans themselves knew about the stories. Heinrich Himmler, the leader of the SS, got letter saying the Poles thought Jewish people were being "boiled into soap." The letter also said the Poles feared they would also be used to make soap. These stories were so widely known that some Polish people actually refused to buy soap. Himmler was so worried by the rumors, and the thought of poor security at the camps, that he said that all bodies should be burnt or buried as quickly as possible.

paragraphs: Soviet propagandist Ilya Ehrenburg reported a common version of the story as fact in "The Complete Black Book of Russian Jewry":

paragraphs: During the Nuremberg Trials, Sigmund Mazur, a laboratory worker at the Danzig Anatomical Institute, said that soap had been made from the bodies of dead people at Stutthof concentration camp. He said that 70 to 80 kg of fat collected from 40 bodies could make more than 25 kg of soap. He also said that the finished soap was kept by Professor Rudolf Spanner.

paragraphs: Mazur gave a recipe that read: ""5 kilos of human fat are mixed with 10 liters of water and 500 or 1,000 grams of caustic soda. All this is boiled 2 or 3 hours and then cooled. The soap floats to the surface while the water and other sediment remain at the bottom. A bit of salt and soda is added to this mixture. Then fresh water is added and the mixture again boiled 2 or 3 hours. After having cooled, the soap is poured into molds.""

paragraphs: At the Nuremberg Trials, Nazi witnesses and British prisoners of war supported Mazur's story. (The British prisoners of war had been used as forced labor to build the Stutthof camp.) These witnesses talked about seeing:

paragraphs: After doing research, Holocaust survivor Thomas Blatt found little evidence of mass production of soap from human fat. However, he found evidence that soap had been made from human fat in experiments. Holocaust historian Robert Melvin Spector agrees that the Nazis "did indeed use human fat for the making of soap at Stutthof," but in small amounts.

paragraphs: In his book "Russia at War 1941 to 1945", Alexander Werth said that while visiting Danzig in 1945 just after it was freed by the Red Army, he saw an experimental factory outside the city for making soap from human bodies. Werth said that it had been run by "a German professor called Spanner" and "was a

paragraphs: nightmarish sight, with its vats full of human heads and torsoes pickled in some liquid,

paragraphs: and its full of a flakey substance - human soap".

paragraphs: After the war, in 1955, Alain Resnais included the idea that the Nazis made large amounts of "human soap" in his Holocaust documentary movie "Nuit et brouillard". After the war, some Israelis also spoke about Jewish victims of Nazism with the Hebrew word "סבון" ("sabon", "soap").

paragraphs: Mainstream Holocaust scholars think the idea that Nazis made large amounts of "human soap" is part of WWII folklore. Examples of scholars who believe this include the well-known Jewish historians Walter Laqueur, Gitta Sereny, and Deborah Lipstadt. Other people who believe this include Professor Yehuda Bauer of Israel's Hebrew University, and Shmuel Krakowski, archives director of Israel's Yad Vashem Holocaust center. Historian Yisrael Gutman agrees that "it was never done on a mass scale." And Holocaust historian Robert Melvin Spector says that the Nazis "did indeed use human fat for the making of soap at Stutthof," but in small amounts.

paragraphs: Today Holocaust deniers use this story to make people doubt the Nazi genocide.

paragraphs: "The Soap Myth" is a 2009 play about Nazis making soap from the bodies of the people they murdered.


title: Rod and Todd Flanders

paragraphs: Rod and Todd Flanders are two characters in the television show "The Simpsons". They are the neighbours of the Simpson family. They are brothers. Their parents are Ned and Maude Flanders. Rod is the elder of the two; he is twelve years old, while Todd is ten. The Flanders are all devout Christians.

paragraphs: Rod and Todd first appeared in the episode "Dead Putting Society". They have appeared in more than 100 episodes since then. The two brothers are both disliked by Bart and Lisa, in the same way that Ned Flanders is hated by Homer.


title: Adiel de Oliveira Amorim

paragraphs: Adiel de Oliveira Amorim (born 13 August 1980) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Shonan Bellmare.


title: Darren Potter

paragraphs: Darren Potter (born 21 December 1984) is a Irish football player. He plays for Sheffield Wednesday.


title: Johann Vogel

paragraphs: Johann Vogel (born 8 March 1977) is a former Swiss football player. He has played for Switzerland national team.


title: Željko Kalac

paragraphs: Željko Kalac (born 16 December 1972) is an Australian football player. He has played for the Australian national team.


title: Quincy Owusu-Abeyie

paragraphs: Quincy Owusu-Abeyie (born 15 April 1986) is a Ghanaian football player. He plays for Portsmouth.


title: Monroe Doctrine

paragraphs: The Monroe Doctrine was a foreign policy proclaimed by the United States in 1823 during the presidency of President James Monroe. It said that European powers do not belong in The Americas. In particular, most of the Spanish Empire in South America had recently become independent, due to the wars against France. Having won the Peninsular War, Spain wanted its empire back, and the Monroe Doctrine said the United States would resist that. The United Kingdom agreed and helped enforce the Monroe Doctrine.


title: Cynthia Wade

paragraphs: Cynthia Wade is an American movie director. She makes documentary movies. She directed a short movie in 2007 called "Freeheld" which won an Academy Award (Oscar). She lives in New York City with her husband and children.


title: Ángel de Saavedra, Duke of Rivas

paragraphs: Don Ángel de Saavedra y Ramírez de Baquedano, Duke of Rivas () (March 10, 1791 - June 22, 1865), was a Spanish poet, dramatist and politician born in Córdoba. He is best known for his play "Don Álvaro; o, La fuerza del sino" (1835), the first Spanish Romance romantic success in the Spanish theater.


title: Eastern religion

paragraphs: Eastern religions is the name for a number of religions that had their origins in India, China, Japan and Southeast Asia. They are grouped together because their ways of thinking, and worhip are different form what is called the "Western religions", which originated elsewhere.


title: Les Paul

paragraphs: Les Paul (born Lester William Polsfuss, June 9, 1915 – August 13, 2009) was an American musician and innovator.

paragraphs: He is famous for his work in electric guitars and in overdubbing.

paragraphs: The solidbody electric guitar Les Paul which is named after him is made by the American company Gibson. It is one of the most famous guitar models in rock music history.

paragraphs: Paul died of complications from pneumonia at White Plains Hospital in White Plains, New York at the age of 94.


title: WarGames

paragraphs: WarGames is a 1983 American science fiction thriller teen movie starring Matthew Broderick and Ally Sheedy and directed by John Badham. The movie follows a computer hacker named David Lightman (Broderick) who breaks into a NORAD war games simulation computer that he thinks is really the computer for a computer game company. Lightman begins a series of events that could start World War III. The movie was nominated for three Academy Awards and was a big hit. It continues to be popular.

paragraphs: The movie begins with two air force officers in a nuclear missile silo who are ordered to fire the missiles in the silo. The officers believe the order to be real and begin to fire the missiles. One of the officers decides not to fire and so the US government replaces all the men in the missile silos with computer control.

paragraphs: David Lightman (Broderick) is a smart high school student and computer hacker that at first limits himself to changing his and a girl whom he likes a lot, Jennifer's (Sheedy) grades from failing to passing grades: Lightman being smart but not motivated at school. A little while later David uses his IMSAI 8080 computer to dial many phone numbers and finds a backdoor into a NORAD war games simulation computer called WOPR (nicknamed the "Whopper"). At first David is looking for new computer games to download and play and believes that the WOPR is actually the computer of a company that makes new computer games. After finding a list of games on the computer decides to play a game. WOPR (who is an Artificial Intelligence computer) asks David for a password and after doing some research on the computer's creator Professor Steven Falken he guesses that the password is named after the creator's dead son, Joshua. After logging in using the correct password, W.O.P.R. believes David to actually be Dr. Falken whom the computer had believed to be dead. The computer (which David now calls "Joshua") asks him if he would like to play a game. David selects the game "Global Thermonuclear War". Doing so starts off a series of events that will end up taking the World into World War III unless it is stopped.

paragraphs: The television news later reports that the USA went on high-alert due to a computer error leading David and Jennifer to wonder if they had caused the problem. David throws away the evidence of his calling Joshua but the computer calls David back. David then asks Joshua if the game it is playing is real or not, Joshua relies "what is the difference?" At this point David learns that Joshua is not a computer game companies' computer but a government one and is actually is playing the game for real. He hangs up but Joshua calls him back, leading David to remove the cord from the back of his telephone. David is then arrested by the FBI and taken to NORAD to answer charges of espionage. David tries to explain that he was not trying to be a spy, but he is not believed. Using things found in the medical office in which he is locked, David escapes from NORAD on a bus load of visitors to the facility. After David escapes he telephones Jennifer (using Phreaking skills) to ask her to buy him an airplane ticket so he can go and see Falken and get his help in stopping Joshua. Jennifer meets him and together then both go off to convince Falken to help them stop World War III.

paragraphs: Professor Falken has in fact resigned from NORAD because he believes war will happen no matter what any one does. Jennifer and David try to convince him to help them explain to NORAD that this is just a game that Joshua is playing. Falken tells them that it is not worth it as it may only buy them a few years but war will still happen. He explains that they are lucky because he lives only a few miles from a primary target and that they will die in a instant. David and Jennifer decide to try to stop the game anyway and try to leave the island. Finding no way off the island since the last ferry has left, Jennifer says that they should "swim for it". David admits he cannot swim. Professor Falken shows up with a helicopter and together they all go to NORAD.

paragraphs: Inside NORAD Falken tells them it is all a game and they decide to allow the missiles that the Soviet Union has reportedly fired to land to see if it is real or a game. The computer screens show the missiles landing but no missiles actually land. This convinces NORAD that the whole thing was not real. Joshua, however, decides to crack the launch codes and fire the USA's missiles for real. David and Falken try to get Joshua to stop the firing and eventually succeed when Jennifer mentions the word "games". After many tries they get Joshua to play tic-tac-toe against itself in an effort to teach it the meaning of (a word meaning that there is no point to doing something, or that doing so will not help). Joshua tries every game of tic-tac-toe possible and then tries the same thing with every scenario within the Global Thermonuclear War game. Joshua then learns that war can not be won, and stops the game ending the threat of World War III.

paragraphs: The movie was a hit. It was nominated for three Academy Awards. The movie had a production budget of $12 million and had gross revenues of over $120 million making it a high earning movie.

paragraphs: "WarGames" has a cult following amongst computer users and fans of the 1980s. The movie led to the development of the term war dialing (the calling of phone numbers looking for computers to connect to and hack).


title: Disquisitiones Arithmeticae

paragraphs: Disquisitiones Arithmeticae is a book about number theory written by the German mathematician and scientist Carl Friedrich Gauss.


title: IMSAI 8080

paragraphs: The IMSAI 8080 was an early microcomputer begun in late 1975, based on the Intel 8080 and later 8085 and the S-100 bus. It was compatible with its main competitor, the earlier MITS Altair 8800, by which it was inspired. The IMSAI is largely thought of as the first "clone" computer. The IMSAI machine used a highly modified version of the CP/M operating system called IMDOS. It was designed, made and sold by IMS Associates, Inc. (later renamed "IMSAI Manufacturing Corp"). In total, between 17,000 and 20,000 units were produced from 1975 until 1978.

paragraphs: In May 1972, William Millard began business as "IMS Associates" (IMS) in the area of computer consultancy and engineering, using his home as an office. By 1973, Millard began IMS Associates, Inc. Millard soon found capital for his business, and received several contracts, all for software.

paragraphs: In 1974, IMS was contacted by a client which wanted a "workstation system" that could do jobs for any General Motors new-car dealership. IMS planned a system including a terminal, small computer, printer, and special software. Five of these work stations were to have common access to a hard disk, which would be controlled by a small computer. Eventually product development was stopped. Millard and his chief engineer Joe Killian turned to the microprocessor. Intel had announced the 8080 chip, and compared to the 4004 to which IMS Associates had first used, the 8080 looked like a better idea. Full scale development of the IMSAI 8080 was begun, and by October 1975 an advertisement was placed in the magazine "Popular Electronics", receiving positive reactions.

paragraphs: IMS shipped the first IMSAI 8080 kits on December 16 1975. In 1976, IMS was renamed to "IMSAI Manufacturing Corporation" because by then they were a manufacturing company, not a consultancy one. By October 1979 the IMSAI corporation had gone bankrupt, and the 'IMSAI' trademark was acquired by Thomas "Todd" Fischer and Nancy Freitas (former early employees of IMS Associates), who continued manufacturing the computers under the IMSAI name as a division of Fischer-Freitas Co. Support for early IMSAI systems continues to this day.

paragraphs: An IMSAI 8080 and an acoustic coupler type modem were among the hacking tools used by the main character in the 1983 movie "WarGames". However, even by 1983 the acoustic coupler was out of date. It was selected over a more modern model so that the audience would immediately recognize it as the device that connected to the telephone.


title: 2009 Romanian bus-train collision

paragraphs: The 2009 Romanian bus-train collision (), happened on 14 August 2009 at 14:10pm in Romania. A bus and train hit each other. Thirteen people died. It happened in Scânteia of Iaşi County in Romania on County Road 248C It was originally thought that only 10 people died in the accident. This was the worst accident in Romania in the past fifteen years.

paragraphs: The accident happened when a minibus carrying 16 passengers was moving across a railway crossing. The minibus was hit by a train as it was crossing the railway crossing near Scânteia. Everyone that was killed in the accident was on the bus, which included a child. Three more people were badly injured. The bus was hit in the center of it and was pushed a total of 350 meters by the train The reason why the crash happened in the first place was because the bus driver did not follow the light signals or signs at the railway crossing.


title: Tropical Storm Claudette (2009)

paragraphs: Tropical Storm Claudette was the third named storm of the 2009 Atlantic hurricane season. It was also the first tropical cyclone to affect the United States during 2009. The storm formed on August 16, and it quickly gained strength. The storm struck Santa Rosa Island, Florida, moved northwest, and dissipated over Alabama.

paragraphs: On August 16, Claudette dropped rainfall in parts of the Florida Panhandle. The storm spawned a tornado near Cape Coral. The tornado slammed a car into the side of a home. One person drowned in high waves along the coast of Panama City.


title: Suwannee River

paragraphs: The Suwannee River is a major river in north Florida and south Georgia in the United States. It is 266 miles long.


title: Virtua Fighter (arcade game)

paragraphs: Virtua Fighter was the first 3D fighting video game. The Virtua Fighter game system revolves around three buttons and a directional lever. The buttons are used for Punch, Kick and Guard. The Guard button is used to defend against attacks. Pressing the Guard and Punch buttons at the same time will result in a throw. Throws only work when the opponent is not attacking.

paragraphs: It's like Rock Paper Scissors between Attack, Throw and Guard.


title: Florida State Road A1A

paragraphs: State Road A1A is a road in the U.S. State of Florida. The road starts in Key West and ends in Callahan. It is the main road through most towns in Florida along the Atlantic Ocean.


title: Emmett Till

paragraphs: Emmett Louis "Bobo" Till (July 25, 1941 – August 28, 1955) was an African-American boy who was murdered in Mississippi after it was said that he flirted with a white woman.

paragraphs: Till was from Chicago, Illinois. He went to see his relatives in the Mississippi Delta area when he spoke to 21-year-old Carolyn Bryant. She was the married owner of a small grocery store. Several nights later, Bryant's husband Roy and his half-brother J. W. Milam, went to Till's great-uncle's house. They took Till to a barn. It is believed that they beat him and removed one of his eyes . They then shot him in the head and put his body in the Tallahatchie River. His body was found in the river three days later.

paragraphs: Till's body was returned to Chicago. His mother wanted on a public funeral service with an open casket. She wanted this to show the world how her son had been killed. Tens of thousands of people went to his funeral or saw his casket. Images of his body were published in black magazines and newspapers. This caused support from both black and white people in the United States. At first, local newspapers and law enforcement officials spoke against the violence and asked for justice. They soon began dealing with national criticism by defending the people of Mississippi. This led to support for the people said to be the killers.

paragraphs: The trial of those accused of killing Till had a large amount of press attention. Bryant and Milam were acquitted of Till's murder. They were not charged with his kidnapping. Months later, when they could not be tried again because of double jeopardy, they said they killed him in a magazine interview. Till's murder is considered an important event leading to the Civil Rights Movement.

paragraphs: Problems proving that the body was Till affected the trial. This was a part of the reason for Bryant's and Milam's acquittals. The case was reopened by the United States Department of Justice in 2004. An autopsy of the body was done. It was proven to be Till's body. He was reburied in a new casket. His old casket was given to the Smithsonian Institution.


title: Enjoy the Silence

paragraphs: "Enjoy the Silence" is a very popular song by the British band Depeche Mode.

paragraphs: The German DJ Timo Maas made a remix of this song.

paragraphs: Lacuna Coil covered this song on one of their albums.


title: Drew Bledsoe

paragraphs: Drew Bledsoe (14 February 1972) is a former American football player. He was a quarterback for the New England Patriots, the Buffalo Bills and the Dallas Cowboys.


title: Takeo Spikes

paragraphs: Takeo Gerard Spikes (; born December 17, 1976) is an American football linebacker who played in the National Football League (NFL).


title: Silent Hill

paragraphs: Silent Hill is a survival horror video game series and there is a movie based on the same title. The games are mostly about bad, evil or supernatural things that happen in the cursed town called Silent Hill and a specific person (i.e. the protagonist) whose gets trapped in it. The series is known for its grotesque monsters, especially Pyramid Head, and for its music.

paragraphs: There have been 8 main games and 4 spin-off games. There was also an HD Collection released with remastered ports of "Silent Hill 2" and "Silent Hill 3". A game titled "Silent Hills" was in development for the PlayStation 4, with video game designer Hideo Kojima (mostly known as the creator of the "Metal Gear" series) as the project's director. On April 27, 2015, it was confirmed by Konami that it had been cancelled.


title: Penrith

paragraphs: Penrith is a town near the M6 motorway in Cumbria, England. It is to the north of the River Eamont. In 2001, 14,756 people lived in the town.


title: Vijay Singh

paragraphs: Vijay Singh (born February 22, 1963 in Lautoka, Fiji) is a PGA Tour golfer. He has won The Masters in 2000 and the PGA Championship in 1998 and 2004 and was the leading PGA Tour money winner in 2003, 2004 and 2008. He was added to the World Golf Hall of Fame in 2006. Vijay also won the FedEx Cup in 2008.


title: Little Miss Sunshine

paragraphs: Little Miss Sunshine is a 2006 American independent comedy-drama road movie that was shown at the Sundance Film Festival. It is about a family who drives 800 miles from Albuquerque, New Mexico through Arizona to Redondo Beach, California in a Volkswagen Type 2 van so that the daughter to compete in a beauty contest for children. On the way they have many problems, and learn to assist and help each other.


title: Chris Crocker

paragraphs: Chris Crocker (born Christopher Darren Cunningham December 7, 1987) is an American internet celebrity and singer. He is best known for his viral video on video sharing website YouTube. For his video entitled "Leave Britney Alone", he got over 30 million views. He has also appeared on the Maury Povich TV program. Crocker has been openly gay since a very young age. He as often spoken of how hard it was growing up gay in eastern Tennessee. In 2008 Crocker released his first single "Mind in the Gutter". In 2012 a documentary about Crocker, "Me at the Zoo" was shown at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival.


title: Andrea Fortunato

paragraphs: Andrea Fortunato (26 July 1971 – 25 April 1995) is a former Italian football player. He has played for the Italian national team.


title: Neil Mellor

paragraphs: Neil Mellor (born 4 November 1982) is an English football player. He plays for Preston North End.


title: Sebastian Deisler

paragraphs: Sebastian Deisler (born 5 January 1980) is a former German football player. He has played for Germany national team.


title: Adriano Correia Claro

paragraphs: Adriano Correia Claro (born 26 October 1984) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Sevilla.


Yoshinori Sembiki


title: Lactic acid

paragraphs: Lactic acid is an acid that is very common in nature. Lactic Acid is a carboxylic acid with a chemical formula of CHO. Carl Wilhelm Scheele discovered it in milk that had gone sour, in 1780. Today it is used as an additive to food, to produce a sour taste. Contrary to popular belief, it is not produced in muscles when a person exercises. Lactate, on the other hand, is created within the muscles the more you exercise.


title: Asylum seeker

paragraphs: An asylum seeker is a person who was forced to flee from their country, due to democide genocide or mass murder. (endangered) and routed to nearby countries to seek refuge but, is not accepted yet as a refugee. Refugees and asylum seekers are different.

paragraphs: The decision whether a person is a refugee or not is most often left to certain government agencies with the host country. This can lead to a situation where the country will see an asylum seeker neither as refugee nor as legitimate migrant. Then they will be treated as an illegal immigrant (a person who is not a citizen of the country) even if their life was endangered in the country they fled from.

paragraphs: If a person comes to a country to seek asylum, their refugee status will then be assessed. The government decides whether the person is in danger because of persecution, or if they are just trying to come to that country for free. If a person is not a refugee, they will not have the rights of a refugee. In that case, the government does not have to follow the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees.


paragraphs: The United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees is an international agreement that defines who is a refugee. It lists the rights of people who are granted asylum (allowed to live in another country because it is not safe to live in their home country). It also lists the responsibilities of countries that give asylum to refugees.

paragraphs: The Convention also says which people are "not" seen as refugees, like war criminals.

paragraphs: The Convention was approved at a special United Nations conference on 28 July 1951. At first, it only talked about protecting European refugees after World War II. There were limits on how long the Convention would last, and who it protected.

paragraphs: But in 1967, a "protocol" (change) to the Convention took away these limits. This protocol made the Convention apply to all refugees.

paragraphs: Because the convention was approved in Geneva, it is often called "the Geneva Convention." But it is not one of the more well-known Geneva Conventions that talk about what kind of behavior is allowed during wars.

paragraphs: Denmark was the first state to ratify (agree to) the treaty, on 4 December 1952. Today, 147 countries have agreed to the Convention, the Protocol, or both. (See the map on this page.)

paragraphs: Chapter 1 is made up of Articles from 1 to 11. Article 1 of the Convention (as updated) by the 1967 Protocol, gives the definition of a refugee:

paragraphs: This means a refugee is someone who is had to leave their home country because, if they stayed, they would be persecuted (treated badly) because of:

paragraphs: Chapter II is made up of Articles 12 to 16. These talk about:

paragraphs: Chapter III talks about people's rights to work:

paragraphs: Chapter IV talks about refugees' rights to:

paragraphs: Chapter V is made of Articles 25 to 34. These articles talk about the refugees' legal rights:


title: Hurricane Iwa

paragraphs: Hurricane Iwa was a hurricane that hit the U.S. state of Hawaii. Iwa was the 23rd tropical storm of the 1982 Pacific hurricane season. The hurricane formed on November 1982, and passed near Kauai on November 24. It died out the next day.

paragraphs: The storm caused very bad damage on the islands of Niihau, Kauai, and Oahu. Some wind gusts reached 100 mph (160 km/h), and waves were over 30 feet (9 m) high. Iwa damaged or destroyed 2,345 buildings and left 500 people without homes. The storm caused four deaths.


title: Vinalhaven, Maine

paragraphs: Vinalhaven is a town in Knox County, Maine. It was founded in 1789. 1,235 people live there.


title: Vassalboro, Maine

paragraphs: Vassalboro is a town in Kennebec County, Maine. It was founded in 1771. 4,047 people live there. Several highways go through the city, U.S. Highway 201, U.S. Highway 202, Maine State Highway 3, Maine State Highway 9, Maine State Highway 32, and Maine State Highway 100. It is surrounded by several cities, China to the east, Augusta to the south, Winslow to the north, and Sidney to the west. It is home to the Grand View Topless Coffee Shop, which was featured heavily in the media.


title: Jay, Maine

paragraphs: Jay is a town in Franklin County, Maine. It was founded in 1785. 4,985 people live there.


title: Diablada

paragraphs: Diablada is a typical ceremonial dance from Bolivia, Chile and Perú. It is a representation of good forces against evil (bad) forces. It is a mix of catholic and indigenous rites. It is usually danced on carnival.


title: Kazuhiro Koso

paragraphs: Kazuhiro Koso (born 6 March 1959) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Hideki Matsunaga

paragraphs: Hideki Matsunaga (born 8 February 1963) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Al-Shabab Dubai

paragraphs: Al-Shabab Dubai is a football club which plays in United Arab Emirates.


title: Qatar Stars League

paragraphs: Qatar Stars League is a football league which is top division in Qatar.


Shinichi Morishita


title: Yasuyuki Kishino

paragraphs: Yasuyuki Kishino (born 13 June 1958) is a former Japanese football player.


Hiroshi Matsuda


title: Joaquín Costa

paragraphs: Joaquin Costa (14 September 1846 - 8 February 1911) was a Spanish politician, lawyer, economist and historian.


title: Mug shot

paragraphs: A mug shot, or booking photograph, is a photographic portrait taken after someone is arrested. The mug shot is taken to allow law enforcement to have a photographic record of the arrested person to allow for identification by victims and investigators. Most mug shots are two-part, with one side-view photo, and one front-view.


title: Antonio de Ulloa

paragraphs: Antonio de Ulloa (12 January 1716 – 3 July 1795) was a Spanish general, explorer, author, astronomer, colonial administrator and the first Spanish governor of Louisiana. He was born in Seville, the son of an economist.


title: Derwent Valley Mills

paragraphs: Derwent Valley Mills is the UNESCO World Heritage Site in Derbyshire, England.

paragraphs: The site covers several factory communities which were built in the 18th and 19th centuries in a valley of the River Derwent, upstream from Derby.

paragraphs: Industrial development in the area started with the Silk Mill which was built in Derby in 1721 by John and Thomas Lombe.

paragraphs: In 1771, Richard Arkwright built a water-powered spinning mill at Cromford. In 1776-1777, a larger mill was built nearby. The "factory system "evolved from these two cotton mills. Arkwright's inventions were first put into industrial-scale production.

paragraphs: The workers' housing was near the mills. The mills and houses make up an architectural record of the development of the area.

paragraphs: The changes in the valley, including the creation of workers' housing, were important in the Industrial Revolution.


title: Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry

paragraphs: The Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry or simply the Très Riches Heures ("The Very Rich Hours of the Duke of Berry") is a richly decorated Book of Hours. Such books contained prayers to be said by lay faithful at each of the canonical hours of the day. The book was commissioned by Jean, Duc de Berry around 1410. It is probably the most important illuminated manuscript of the 15th century, ""le roi des manuscrits enluminés"" ("the king of illuminated manuscripts"). The "Très Riches Heures" has 416 pages. 131 of them have large miniatures, many more have border decorations or historiated initials. These artworks are among the high points of International Gothic painting, even though they are very small. There are 300 decorated capital letters. The book was worked on, over a period of nearly a century, in three main campaigns, led by the Limbourg brothers, Barthélemy van Eyck, and Jean Colombe. The book is now Ms. 65 in the Musée Condé, Chantilly, France.


title: Human Development Index

paragraphs: The Human Development Index (HDI) is a number from 0 to 1 (higher is better) used to compare different countries. It is published by United Nations Development Programme. It is used to rank countries into different groups for example developed and developing countries.

paragraphs: The Human Development Index uses different measurements of a population:

paragraphs: The Human Development Index has been criticized on a number of grounds including alleged ideological biases towards egalitarianism and so-called "Western models of development", failure to include any ecological considerations, lack of consideration of technological development or contributions to the human civilization, focusing exclusively on national performance and ranking, lack of attention to development from a global perspective, measurement error of the underlying statistics, and on the UNDP's changes in formula which can lead to severe misclassification in the categorisation of 'low', 'medium', 'high' or 'very high' human development countries.

paragraphs: Economists Hendrik Wolff, Howard Chong and Maximilian Auffhammer think that very often, the data which is used to construct the statictics for the HDI is wrong.. According to them, there are three sources of error in the data:

paragraphs: They found that 11 %, 21% and 34% of countries are currently misclassified in the development bins due to the three sources of data error. The authors suggest that the United Nations should stopthe practice of classifying countries into development bins because the cut-off values seem arbitrary, can provide incentives for strategic behavior in reporting official statistics, and have the potential to misguide politicians, investors, charity donors and the public who use the HDI at large. In 2010 the UNDP reacted to the criticism and updated the thresholds to classify nations as low, medium, and high human development countries. In a comment to "The Economist" in early January 2011, the Human Development Report Office responded to a January 6, 2011 article in the magazine which discusses the Wolff "et al." paper. The Human Development Report Office states that they undertook a systematic revision of the methods used for the calculation of the HDI and that the new methodology directly addresses the critique by Wolff "et al." in that it generates a system for continuous updating of the human development categories whenever formula or data revisions take place.

paragraphs: The HDI uses a weighted average for the different values. This means that it can be used - to some extent - to compare countries. It cannot be used to show the problems inside a country. Also the index only takes into accounrt people of 20 years or older. This leaves out problems such as infant mortality and children who do not reach that age.

paragraphs: Economist Bryan Kaplan points out another problem: Things needed in everyday life are underrepresented, education is overrepresented. Unless the whole population is made of students and pupils, it is not possible to reach the maximum score for the education parameter. At the moment, a Scandinavian country is at the top of the list. This means that the HDI measures "how Scandiavian" a country is. It would also mean that the country at the top of the list has no potential for improvement, which is certainly not the case.

paragraphs: The 2011 Human Development Report was released on 2 November 2011. Below is the list of the "Very High Human Development" countries:


title: Shigekazu Nakamura

paragraphs: Shigekazu Nakamura (born 30 July 1958) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Grégory Coupet

paragraphs: Grégory Coupet (born 31 December 1972) is a French former football player.


title: Tatsuya Mochizuki

paragraphs: Tatsuya Mochizuki (born 20 April 1963) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Caligula (movie)

paragraphs: Caligula is a 1979 Italian-American historical movie. It was directed by Tinto Brass. It is about the life of Roman Emperor Caligula. It stars Malcolm McDowell as Caligula.


title: Anton Ferdinand

paragraphs: Anton Ferdinand (born 18 February 1985) is an English football player. He plays for Sunderland.


title: Musashi Mizushima

paragraphs: Musashi Mizushima (born 10 September 1964) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Raúl Bravo

paragraphs: Raúl Bravo (born 14 April 1981) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Olympiacos.


title: Tomoo Kudaka

paragraphs: Tomoo Kudaka (14 March 1963 – 22 September 1999) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Al-Maref

paragraphs: Al-Maref is a football club which plays in Qatar.

paragraphs: Al-Maref has won the championship three times in Qatar Stars League.


title: USL First Division

paragraphs: USL First Division was a football league that was the second division in United States, Canada and Puerto Rico.


title: Jacques Santini

paragraphs: Jacques Santini (born 25 April 1952) is a former French football player.


title: Pablo Gabriel García

paragraphs: Pablo Gabriel García (born 11 May 1977) is an Uruguayan football player. He plays for PAOK Thessaloniki.


title: Bradley Wright-Phillips

paragraphs: Bradley Wright-Phillips (born 12 March 1985) is an English footballer. He plays for Plymouth Argyle. He is a son of Ian Wright.


title: Iwao Yamane

paragraphs: Iwao Yamane (born 31 July 1976) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Zweigen Kanazawa.


Takumi Watanabe


title: Makoto Kimura

paragraphs: Makoto Kimura (born 10 June 1979) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Zweigen Kanazawa.


title: Keisuke Hada

paragraphs: Keisuke Hada (born 20 February 1982) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Kiyotaka Ishimaru

paragraphs: Kiyotaka Ishimaru (born 30 October 1973) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Qatar S.C.

paragraphs: Qatar S.C. is a football club which plays in Qatar.


title: California Jaguars

paragraphs: California Jaguars is a former soccer club which played in United States.


title: Masakazu Koda

paragraphs: Masakazu Koda (born 12 September 1969) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Ryosuke Okuno

paragraphs: Ryosuke Okuno (born 13 November 1968) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Milwaukee Rampage

paragraphs: Milwaukee Rampage is a former soccer club which played in United States.


title: Takamichi Seki

paragraphs: Takamichi Seki (born 16 January 1981) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Ryukyu.


title: Rochester Rhinos

paragraphs: Rochester Rhinos is a soccer club based in Rochester, New York, United States.


title: Montreal Impact F.C.

paragraphs: Montreal Impact F.C. () was a soccer club in Montreal, Canada. It played from 1992 through 2011. It stopped playing after the 2011 season and was replaced by a Major League Soccer team which is the Montreal Impact.


title: Charleston Battery

paragraphs: Charleston Battery is a soccer club which plays in Charleston, South Carolina, United States.


title: Minnesota Thunder

paragraphs: Minnesota Thunder is a soccer club which plays in United States.


title: Seattle Sounders (1994)

paragraphs: Seattle Sounders was an American professional soccer team founded in 1994 that played in the American Professional Soccer League and the USL First Division. They were from Seattle, Washington.

paragraphs: The team, founded in 1994, was named after the original another Sounders team that played in the North American Soccer League from 1974-1983.

paragraphs: This version of the Sounders played in the USL First Division until after the 2008 season when the team's owner received a new franchise from Major League Soccer, the first division of soccer in the U.S. and Canada, called Seattle Sounders FC.

paragraphs: The team played their last season at the Starfire Sports Complex in Tukwila, Washington. They used to play for many years at Qwest Field (now CenturyLink Field).


title: Vancouver Whitecaps FC

paragraphs: The Vancouver Whitecaps are a Canadian soccer team that plays in Major League Soccer in Vancouver, British Columbia.

paragraphs: The team plays their home games at BC Place in Vancouver, British Columbia. Other teams named "Whitecaps" have played soccer in Vancouver since 1974 in the old North American Soccer League, the Canadian Soccer League, and the USL.

paragraphs: The original Vancouver Whitecaps were founded on December 11, 1973. During the 1970s and 1980s, they played in the North American Soccer League (NASL), a soccer league that no longer exists. The Whitecaps achieved success, winning the 1979 Soccer Bowl.

paragraphs: It was during this short time that soccer became popular in Vancouver. The Whitecaps crowds at Empire Stadium grew to sell out crowds, at 32,000 fans per match.

paragraphs: After playing at Vancouver's 32,000-seat Empire Stadium for most of their early years, the team moved into the new 60,000-seat BC Place Stadium in 1983. However, the end of the NASL in 1984 meant the Whitecaps could not longer play in the NASL.

paragraphs: Whitecaps did not play in 1985, but they joined the Canadian Soccer League (CSL) the next year and changed their name to the 86ers. They joined the United Soccer Leagues in 1990, and renamed themselves back to the Whitecaps and then to "Vancouver Whitecaps FC". For the next twenty years, they played in the second level of soccer in Canada, finally ending in 2010.

paragraphs: Now they play in Major League Soccer, which they started playing in during 2011. On October 21, 2012, the Whitecaps became the first Canadian team to make it into the MLS Cup Playoffs. The team was eliminated in the knockout round by the LA Galaxy.


Koji Homma


title: Kosuke Suda

paragraphs: Kosuke Suda (born 4 February 1980) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Yuji Tsukada

paragraphs: Yuji Tsukada (born 28 December 1957) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Enzo Francescoli

paragraphs: Enzo Francescoli (born 12 November 1961) is a former Uruguayan football player. He has played for Uruguay national team.


title: Yohei Nishibe

paragraphs: Yohei Nishibe (born 1 December 1980) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Shimizu S-Pulse.


title: Naoya Umeda

paragraphs: Naoya Umeda (born 27 April 1978) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Gainare Tottori.


title: Women's voting rights in the United States

paragraphs: Women's suffrage (the right to vote) in the United States started slowly, at state and local levels, during the 19th Century and early 20th Century, ending in 1920 with the passing of the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which provided: "The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex."

paragraphs: Lydia Chapin (Taft) (February 2, 1712 – November 9, 1778) was a starter of women's suffrage movement in Colonial America. She was the first woman legally allowed to vote in colonial America. After the death of her wealthy husband and elder son, the family was left without an adult Heir apparent. She was given this right by the town meeting of Uxbridge, Massachusetts in 1756. For the great majority of American women, voting rights for women were not granted until much later on.


title: Minot, North Dakota

paragraphs: Minot is a town in North Dakota in the United States. It has 36,567 people living in it. It is home to the Minot State University which opened in 1913. It is the county seat of Ward County. The Minot Air Base is located 12 miles north of the city. It is home to the 5th Bomb Wing and the 91st Space Wing of the US Air Force.