title: Numen

paragraphs: Numen, pl. numina, is a Latin term. It is used for "divinity", a "divine presence" or a "divine will." The Latin authors defined it as follows. Cicero writes of a "divine mind" ("divina mens"), a god "whose numen everything obeys," and a "divine power" ("vis divina") "which pervades the lives of men." It causes the motions and cries of birds during augury. In his Aeneid, Virgil tells about the how the one-eyed giant, Polyphemus, is blinded: First, Odysseus and his men "ask for the assistance of the great numina" ("magna precati numina"). Reviewing public opinion of Augustus on the day of his funeral, the historian Tacitus reports that some thought "no honor was left to the gods" when he "established the cult of himself" ("se ... coli vellet") "with temples and the effigies of numina" ("effigie numinum"). Pliny the younger in a letter to Paternus raves about the "power," the "dignity," and "the majesty;" in short, the ""numen" of history." Lucretius uses the expression "numen mentis", or "bidding of the mind," where "bidding" is "numen", not, however, the divine numen, unless the mind is to be considered divine, but as simply human will.

paragraphs: Since the early 20th century, numen has sometimes been treated in the history of religion as a pre-animistic phase. This is a belief system that comes from an earlier time. Sociologists also use the term "Numen" to refer to the idea of magical power coming from an object, particularly when writing about ideas in the western tradition. When used in this sense, "numen" means almost the same thing as "mana". However, some authors only use the word "mana" for ideas about magic from Polynesia and Southeast Asia.

paragraphs: The literal meaning is simply "a nod", or more accurately,"that which is produced by nodding". In the same way, "flamen" is "that which is produced by blowing", "i.e.", a gust of wind. It came to mean "the product or expression of power" — not, be it noted, power itself."Numen" (divinity) is not personified (although it can be a personal attribute) and should be distinguished from "deus" (god).

paragraphs: Numen was also used in the imperial cult of ancient Rome, to refer to the guardian-spirit, 'godhead' or divine power of a living emperor. It was a way of worshiping a living emperor without literally calling him a god.

paragraphs: The cult of Augustus was promoted by Tiberius, who dedicated the "Ara Numinis Augusti".

paragraphs: In this context, a distinction can be made between the terms "numen" and "genius".

paragraphs: The expression "Numen inest" appears in Ovid's "Fasti" (III, 296) and has been translated as 'There is a spirit here'. Its interpretation, and the exact sense of "numen" has been discussed extensively in the literature.

paragraphs: Some people thought, that numen could have been a leftover of ealier animist religions which was incorporated into the Roman religion. Sometimes the etymology of Latin names for deities, has often been popularly implied, but it was criticised as "mostly a scholarly fiction" by McGeough (2004).

paragraphs: The phrase "numen eris caeloque redux mirabere regna" appears on line 129 of the poem "Metrum in Genesin", attributed to Hilary of Arles.

paragraphs: In modern times, the term (referring to the Christian God) has been used in various expressions:


title: 2020 Darfur attacks

paragraphs: The 2020 Darfur attacks were three mass shootings. They occurred from 12-26 July 2020 in Darfur, Sudan, killing 89 people.


title: Olivia Jordan

paragraphs: Olivia Jordan Thomas (born September 28, 1988) is an American model, actress, TV show host and beauty pageant titleholder from Oklahoma who won Miss USA 2015 and also finished 3rd in Miss Universe 2015. She was the first Oklahoman to be crowned Miss USA.

paragraphs: She was born to Bob and Jill Thomas on September 28, 1988, in Tulsa, Oklahoma. After her high school graduation, she went to Boston to attend Boston University. She graduated in May 2011, with a Bachelor of Science in Health Sciences.

paragraphs: Jordan soon joined the SAG and adopted the name Olivia Jordan. She moved to Los Angeles, California, to do modeling and acting after college. She acted in the movie "Ted" during college, and later acted in several other films.

paragraphs: Jordan began her career at the Miss California USA 2013 pageant, where she finished 2nd. Later that year, she was named Miss World America 2013 and competed at Miss World 2013 pageant, where she finished in the top 20 and was also finished 2nd for Top Model.

paragraphs: On December 21, 2014, Jordan won Miss Oklahoma USA 2015, and went on to win Miss USA 2015 as well. She participated in Miss Universe 2015, representing the United States. She finished 3rd.

paragraphs: In 2018, she became engaged to actor Jay Hector. They married on November 8, 2019, in Palm Springs, California.


title: Amir Sarkhosh

paragraphs: Amir Sarkhosh (born May 30, 1991) is an Iranian snooker player.

paragraphs: Amir Sarkhosh won his first international position in Lebanon in 2013 and won a solo bronze and gold team in the West Asian championship, and has won three more in a team in 2013.


title: United States Marshals Service

paragraphs: The U.S. Marshals Service does enforcement for federal courts. It is mainly responsible for protecting court officers like judges in court buildings.

paragraphs: It is also responsible for finding fugitives, serving arrest warrants, and prisoner transport.

paragraphs: It is different from the FBI, which is responsible for things like counter-terrorism and going after organized crime, and which operates in multiple countries, not just the US.


title: Saint-Hernin

paragraphs: Saint-Hernin () is a commune. It is found in the region Brittany in the Finistère department in the northwest of France.


title: Chizu Kobayashi

paragraphs: Chizu Kobayashi is a Japanese professional Go player at Nihon Ki-in. She has several professional Go players in her relatives. Her brother is the president of Nihon Ki-in.

paragraphs: She was sent to Europe and the United States for the promotion of Go. Due to this activity, she has several students from Europe. Some of them eventually obtained professional status at Nihon Ki-in.

paragraphs: Satoru Kobayashi is the strongest player in her family. He has obtained many domestic titles/awards and published many books. In 2016, he obtained 1100 career wins. He is the president of Nihon Ki-in since 2019.


title: Fareway

paragraphs: Fareway Stores is an American grocery company. Fareway is based in Boone, Iowa. It operates over 120 grocery stores in South Dakota, Nebraska, Minnesota, Iowa and Illinois.

paragraphs: Fareway is a family-owned business in the Midwestern United States. Some stores open as early as 6am. Some remain open unti 11pm. All Fareway grocery stores are closed Sundays and major holidays.


title: Winn-Dixie

paragraphs: Winn-Dixie is a supermarket chain. They have stores in Georgia, Louisiana, Arkansas, Mississippi, Alabama and Florida. The company once served Oklahoma, Texas, South Carolina, North Carolina and New Mexico. Now, they mainly serve the Southeastern United States.

paragraphs: The company is headquartered in Jacksonville, Florida.

paragraphs: Winn-Dixie has its private label Chek for sodas. The sodas have over 20 different flavors.

paragraphs: Winn-Dixie was established in 1925. It is owned by Southeastern Grocers.


title: Ayumi Ishida

paragraphs: Ayumi Ishida (いしだあゆみ) is a Japanese popular singer and actress. She was born on March 26, 1948 in Nagasaki, Japan.

paragraphs: Ishida has officially started as a singer in 1964. Then in December, 1968 her early recording "Blue Light Yokohama" (ja:ブルー・ライト・ヨコハマ) was made public by a songwriter Kyohei Tsutsumi (筒美京平). This single recording was her biggest hit, and nominated as a best vocal performance award in Japan. Thanks to its hit, she was introduced on a then NHK program "紅白歌合戦" in the same year and became popular throughout Japan.

paragraphs: Ishida also acted as actress on dramas on television, too. She appeared on many movies such as "男はつらいよ".


title: Terumi Koyama

paragraphs: Terumi Koyama (小山栄美) is a Japanese professional Go player at Nihon Ki-in. Her husband, son and father in law are also professional Go players. Her mentor is Masao Kato.


title: Joseph Kasa-Vubu

paragraphs: Joseph Kasa-Vubu ( 1917 – 24 March 1969) was a Congolese politician. He was the first President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (then Republic of the Congo) from 1960 to 1965.


title: One Tree Hill (TV show)

paragraphs: One Tree Hill is an American TV drama. It aired from 2003 to 2012. It is about two half-brothers, Lucas and Nathan Scott, who live in the town of Tree Hill in North Carolina. They play on the school basketball team and have romantic relationships.


title: Saint-Jean-du-Doigt

paragraphs: Saint-Jean-du-Doigt () is a commune. It is found in the region Brittany in the Finistère department in the northwest of France.


title: Iosco County, Michigan

paragraphs: Iosco County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2010 census, 25,887 people live here. The county seat is Tawas City.


title: Iron County, Michigan

paragraphs: Iron County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2010 census, 11,817 people live here. The county seat is Crystal Falls.


title: Kalkaska County, Michigan

paragraphs: Kalkaska County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2010 census, 17,153 people live here. The county seat is Kalkaska.


title: Keweenaw County, Michigan

paragraphs: Keweenaw County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2010 census, 2,156 people live here. The county seat is Eagle River.


title: Hama Governorate

paragraphs: Hama Governorate ( ) is one of the fourteen governorates of Syria. Its capital is Hama.


title: Wim Scherpenhuijsen Rom

paragraphs: Willem Elmert “Wim” Scherpenhuijsen Rom (15 March 1933 – 31 July 2020) was a Dutch banker. He was co-founder of the ING Group.

paragraphs: Scherpenhuijsen Rom started working at NMB Bank in 1967. He was main person in the fusion between NMB Bank and Postbank in 1989. He became CEO of the ING Group in 1992. He was also highly involved in the merger of NMB Postbank Group and Nationale-Nederlanden in the early 1990s.

paragraphs: Scherpenhuijsen Rom died on 31 July 2020, aged 87.


title: Resurreccion Borra

paragraphs: Resurreccion Borra (October 20, 1935 – August 1, 2020) was a Filipino public servant. He worked as a Career Executive Service Officer (CESO). He also was a commissioner and was the Acting Chairman of the Philippine Commission on Elections. During his term, he became known for forcing strict rules on impeachment. He also tried to fight against bribery in mayoral races in Manila. He was also critical of the use of modern election machines in the Philippines.

paragraphs: He was nominated to the job by then President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo to be COMELEC Commissioner in 2001. He was also nominated by her in 2007 to be Chairman of the Commission on Elections. His nomination was seen as a surprising move after the sudden resignation of former Benjamin Abalos.

paragraphs: He was the most senior Commissioner of COMELEC. He retired in 2008.

paragraphs: In 2003, an investigation and call for him to be criminally charged happened after it was found that he favored some election machine companies over others due to bribes.

paragraphs: Borra was born in Janiuay, Iloilo, Philippine Islands. He died on August 1, 2020 in Manila at the age of 84.


title: David Darcy

paragraphs: David Darcy (11 August 19431 August 2020) was an Australian rules footballer. He played for Footscray in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1960s.

paragraphs: Darcy also played for and coached South Adelaide in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL). He started his career at half forward but in his second season moved to defence where he excelled.


title: Julio Diamante

paragraphs: Julio Diamante (27 December 1930 – 1 August 2020) was a Spanish movie director and screenwriter. He directed ten movies between 1959 and 1976. His 1965 movie "El arte de vivir" was entered into the 15th Berlin International Film Festival. He also directed "Sex o no sex". Diamante was born in Cádiz, Spain.

paragraphs: Diamante died on 1 August 2020 in Madrid, aged 89.


title: Feri Horvat

paragraphs: Feri Horvat (; 26 September 1941 – 1 August 2020) was a Slovenian manager and politician. He was one of the founders of the United List of Social Democrats. Between July and October 2004, he served as speaker of the Slovenian National Assembly.


title: Vitold Kreyer

paragraphs: Vitold Anatolievich Kreyer (, 12 October 1932 – 1 August 2020) was a Russian triple jumper. He competed in the 1956, 1960 and 1964 Olympics and won bronze medals in 1956 and 1960. He won the Soviet title in 1960 and 1961 but failed to reach the finals at the 1958 and 1962 European Championships.


title: Stan Mellor

paragraphs: Stanley Thomas Edward Mellor (10 April 1937 – 1 August 2020) was a National Hunt jockey and trainer. He was the first jockey to ride 1,000 winners and Champion Jockey three years in a row from 1960 to 1962.


title: Khosrow Sinai

paragraphs: Khosrow Sinai (, 19 January 1941 – 1 August 2020) was an Iranian movie director, screenwriter, music composer and scholar. He was born in Sari, Iran. He was known for his movie "In the Alleys of Love".

paragraphs: Sinai died on 1 August 2020 in Tehran from COVID-19, aged 79.


title: Amar Singh (politician)

paragraphs: Amar Singh (27 January 1956 – 1 August 2020) was an Indian politician. He was one of the leaders of the Samajwadi Party. He was a member of the Rajya Sabha from 2016 until his death.

paragraphs: On August 1, 2020, at the age of 64, Singh died from kidney failure at a hospital in Singapore.


title: Andre Ptaszynski

paragraphs: André Ptaszynski (7 May 1953 – 29 July 2020) was a British theatre producer. He was a president of The Society of London Theatre and was on the board of the Royal National Theatre from 2001 to 2010.

paragraphs: He died on 29 July 2020 at the age of 67.


title: Bob McCurdy

paragraphs: Robert McCurdy (February 26, 1952July 29, 2020) was an American college basketball player. He played for the Richmond Spiders from 1973 to 1975. He began his collegiate career with the Virginia Cavaliers before transferring to Richmond. He was born in Deer Park, New York.

paragraphs: McCurdy died on July 29, 2020 from anal cancer in Connecticut, aged 68.


title: Deer Park, New York

paragraphs: Deer Park is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Babylon, Suffolk County, New York, United States. The population was 27,745 at the 2010 census.


title: Olive Ann Alcorn

paragraphs: Olive Ann Alcorn (October 2, 1900 – January 8, 1972) was an American dancer, model, and silent movie actress of the 1910s and 1920s. She was known for the many nude photographs of her from the era than for her movie work.


title: Khalil Taha

paragraphs: Khalil Taha (13 July 1932 – 27 July 2020) was a Lebanese wrestler. At the 1951 Mediterranean Games in Alexandria Egypt, Taha won the silver medal in the 73 kg Greco-Roman wrestling.

paragraphs: At the 1952 Summer Olympics, he won the bronze medal in the men's Greco-Roman Welterweight category.


title: John Guinness

paragraphs: Sir John Ralph Sidney Guinness CBE (23 December 1935 – 27 July 2020) was a British civil servant and businessman.

paragraphs: Guinness was a member of HM Diplomatic Service and had worked in the Cabinet Office and was Permanent Secretary of the Department of Energy. from 1991 to 1992 and Chairman of British Nuclear Fuels Ltd from 1992 to 1993.


title: Bill English (computer engineer)

paragraphs: William Kirk English (January 27, 1929 – July 26, 2020) was an American computer engineer. He was known for helping create the computer mouse while working for Douglas Engelbart at SRI International's Augmentation Research Center. He would later work for Xerox PARC and Sun Microsystems.

paragraphs: English died of respiratory failure in San Rafael, California on July 26, 2020, aged 91.


title: Wang Hai

paragraphs: Wang Hai (; 19 January 1926 – 2 August 2020) was a Chinese retired fighter pilot and general. He was a flying ace of the Korean War. He was Commander of the People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) from 1985 to 1992. He was awarded the rank of general ("shang jiang") in 1988. He was born in Shandong, China.

paragraphs: Wang died on 2 August 2020 in Beijing, aged 94.


title: Hall in Tirol

paragraphs: Hall in Tirol is a town in the district of Innsbruck-Land in the Austrian state of Tyrol.


title: Judith Collins

paragraphs: Judith Anne Collins (born 24 February 1959) is a New Zealand politician. She has been the Leader of the New Zealand National Party and Leader of the Opposition since 14 July 2020. She has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Papakura since 2002. He was a government minister under John Key and Bill English.


title: Todd Muller

paragraphs: Todd Michael Muller (; born 23 December 1968) is a New Zealand politician. He was the Leader of the New Zealand National Party and the Leader of the Opposition from 22 May to 14 July 2020.

paragraphs: He entered Parliament at the 2014 general election as the MP for Bay of Plenty.

paragraphs: Muller resigned on 14 July 2020, stating, "I am not the best person to be Leader of the Opposition and Leader of the New Zealand National Party at this critical time for New Zealand" and that the role has had a negative impact on his health. At just 53 days, Muller is the shortest serving leader of any political party represented in Parliament in New Zealand's history.


title: Dirac fermion

paragraphs: In particle physics, a Dirac fermion is a particle that is different from its antiparticle. This is true for most particles. In the standard model of physics, each particle has its antiparticle. They are named for Paul Dirac, and can be modeled with the Dirac equation.

paragraphs: A Dirac fermion is equivalent to two Weyl fermions. The counterpart to a Dirac fermion is a Majorana fermion, a particle that must be its own antiparticle. Neutrinos are particles without an electric charge, they might be Majorana fermions.


title: Black Moon (1975 movie)

paragraphs: Black Moon is a 1975 French West German horror movie directed by Louis Malle and starring Cathryn Harrison, Joe Dallesandro, Therese Giehse, Alexandra Stewart.


title: Homs Governorate

paragraphs: Homs Governorate ( ) is one of the fourteen governorates of Syria. Its capital is Homs.


title: Sawyer, Oklahoma

paragraphs: Sawyer is a town in Oklahoma in the United States.


title: Zhaksylyk Ushkempirov

paragraphs: Zhaksylyk Ushkempirov (6 May 1951 – 2 August 2020) was a light-flyweight Greco-Roman wrestler from Kazakhstan. He won an Olympic gold medal in 1980 and a world title in 1981.

paragraphs: Ushkempirov took up wrestling in 1969 and won the Soviet title in 1975 and 1980.


title: Syed Iftikhar Ul Hassan

paragraphs: Syed Iftikhar Ul Hassan (; 2 February 1942 – 2 August 2020) was a Pakistani politician. He was a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan from August 2018 until his death. He was a member of the National Assembly from June 2013 to May 2018. He was a member of the Pakistan Muslim League (N).

paragraphs: Hassan died on 2 August 2020 at the age of 78.


title: Kamal Rani Varun

paragraphs: Kamal Rani Varun (3 May 1958 – 2 August 2020) was an Indian politician. She was member of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly from 2017 to 2020. She was also a member of Eleventh and Twelfth Lok Sabha between 1996 to 1999. She was born in Lucknow. Varun was a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.

paragraphs: On 2 August 2020, Varun died at a hospital in Lucknow at the age of 62 from COVID-19.


title: José Vicente Anaya

paragraphs: José Vicente Anaya (22 January 1947 – 1 August 2020) was a Mexican writer, poet and cultural journalist. He was born in Chihuahua, Mexico. He wrote over thirty books and was part of the Infrarealism poetry movement in Mexico City. He also translated poems of Allen Ginsberg and Carl Sandburg.

paragraphs: Anaya died on 1 August 2020 in Mexico City, aged 73.


title: Male privilege

paragraphs: Male privilege is the system of advantages or rights that men have because of their sex.

paragraphs: Special privileges and status are granted to males in patriarchal societies.

paragraphs: Many men have responded to this by saying that they do not feel that they have been given any unearned advantages, such as in their struggles to find success in employment, education, or relationships. Supporters for men's rights and father's rights as well as anti-feminist men often accept that men's traditional roles are damaging to men.


title: Ted Yoho

paragraphs: Theodore Scott Yoho (born April 13, 1955) is an American politician, veterinarian, and businessman. He has been the U.S. Representative from since 2013. He is a member of the Republican Party.

paragraphs: In the 2012 Republican primary election for the district, Yoho beat long-term incumbent U.S. Congressman Cliff Stearns. In December 2019, Yoho announced that he would not run for re-election to Congress in 2020.


title: Roger Williams (American politician)

paragraphs: John Roger Williams (born September 13, 1949) is an American businessman and politician. He has been the U.S. Representative for Texas's 25th congressional district since 2013. He is a member of the Republican Party. He worked for Governor Rick Perry as Secretary of State of Texas from November 2004 to July 1, 2007.

paragraphs: With a net worth of $27.7 million, Williams is one of the wealthiest members of Congress.


title: The Art of Living (movie)

paragraphs: The Art of Living () is a 1965 Spanish drama movie directed by Julio Diamante (who also stars). Also starring María del Carmen Aberu, Anastasio Alemán, Beatriz Galbó, and Juan Luis Galiardo.


title: Bill Battle

paragraphs: William Raines Battle III (born December 8, 1941) is an American college athletics administrator and football coach. He was the athletic director of the University of Alabama from 2013 to 2017. He was born in Birmingham, Alabama. He coached the Tennessee Volunteers between 1970 to 1976.

paragraphs: In August 2020, it was reported Battle was hospitalized for COVID-19.


title: Tino rangatiratanga

paragraphs: Tino rangatiratanga is a Māori language term that means "absolute sovereignty." Sovereignty means absolute power to rule something without someone else interfering. In this case, it refers to the ability of the Māori people (the indigenous people of New Zealand) to rule themselves and be recognized as the owners of the land. ""Tino rangatiratanga"" shows up in the Māori version of the Treaty of Waitangi, which they signed with the British in 1840. They were promised that they would have "tino rangatiratanga" forever in the treaty. However, this concept was not respected since the British colonizers took a lot of things from the Māori people. To this day, people in New Zealand do not agree on what ""tino rangatiratanga"" means or what kind of things it is supposed to cover.

paragraphs: A "rangatira" is a chief in the Māori culture. The suffix -tanga is added so "rangatiratanga" refers to the qualities of being a chief. ""Tino"" is a Māori word that means "most" or "absolute." So by using this term, the British were allowing Maori chiefs to have complete control and allow them to use their powers as chiefs.

paragraphs: Some people think that the term can be used to describe self-determination, autonomy, or Māori independence.

paragraphs: Here are the meaning of the terms from an online Māori dictionary:

paragraphs: There is a lot of confusion about the Treaty of Waitangi because Articles 1 and 2 in the treaty say different things.

paragraphs: According to the Māori version of the treaty, Article 1 is talking about "kawanatanga" (governorship) while Article 2 is talking about "tino rangatiratanga" (absolute chieftainship). To them, these are two totally different concepts. Therefore, they believe that they never gave away their land rights and ability to rule themselves. In fact, a tribunal that was created to focus on the Treaty of Waitangi said that the Māori can never give up those rights and never did..

paragraphs: There is a Tino rangatiratanga flag that is used to represent the Māori people. It is red, white, and black. It was designed by Māori artists Hiraina Marsden, Jan Smith and Linda Munn in 1990 as part of a contest.

paragraphs: A woman named Poua Erstich came up with the meaning for the flag. The red represents the sky, the black is earth, and the white is light separating the sky and earth. The flag is supposed to show the Māori story of how the world was created.

paragraphs: This flag is flown next to the flag of New Zealand to show people that the land still belongs to the Māori. Sometimes, this flag is used in protests to show how certain issues are affecting Māori.


title: Vena cava

paragraphs: The superior vena cava is the large vein which returns blood to the heart from the head, neck and both upper limbs. The inferior vena cava returns blood to the heart from the lower part of the body.

paragraphs: The return of blood via the vena cava can be compromised and cause disease. For example, in the superior vena cava syndrome, the symptoms that result from compression of the large vein that carries blood down to the heart.


title: Brick red

paragraphs: Brick Red is a Maroon-like color. Similar to the color of a brick

paragraphs: The name comes from its similarity to the color of a brick.


title: Saori Minami

paragraphs: Saori Minami (born Akemi Shinoyama, 篠山 明美) is a retired Japanese female popular singer. She was also called "Cynthia" as a nickname.

paragraphs: Minami was born on July 2, 1954 in Okinawa, Japan. She is bilingual in English and Japanese as her father-in-law was of the Philippine origin. In 1971, at age 17, her talent in music was discovered by a manager who worked for music company. She was recommended by him as a singer.

paragraphs: Soon after that, she recorded a song "17才"(Seventeen years old), written by a songwriter Kyohei Tsutsumi. She then became popular all over Japan. She had been continuing to make hit songs in 1970s. She retired from a singer in 1978 and got married to a famous cameraman in 1979.


title: Executive order

paragraphs: An executive order or executive decree is a rule or order, or a law made by a head of state (president or monarch) who has this power given to him by the constitution of the country. The order tells ministries, agencies, the civil service and the military of a state the things that they must do.

paragraphs: Executive orders can be stopped by the courts in a process called judicial review. They may be stopped by the courts or the legislature if they are against laws or against the constitution.

paragraphs: However, in countries where there is no real separation of powers and the head of state is actually a dictator, the executive order cannot be stopped by the courts or the legislature, which as a result have no powers and are controlled by him. In many cases, the head of state with dictatorial powers often rules the country by making executive orders rather than making laws in the legislature which he also controls.

paragraphs: Executive orders have a big effect on the internal affairs of the government and on the citizens. They decide how and to what degree legislation will be enforced. They also deal with emergencies and wars.


title: Naft Masjed Soleyman F.C.

paragraphs: Naft Masjed Soleyman Football Club () is an Iranian LOR football club based in Masjed-Soleyman, Iran.


title: Idlib Governorate

paragraphs: Idlib Governorate ( ) is one of the fourteen governorates of Syria. Its capital is Idlib.


title: Tartus Governorate

paragraphs: Tartus Governorate ( ) is one of the fourteen governorates of Syria. Its capital is Tartus.


title: Saint-Jean-Trolimon

paragraphs: Saint-Jean-Trolimon () is a commune. It is found in the region Brittany in the Finistère department in the northwest of France.


title: Saint-Martin-des-Champs, Finistère

paragraphs: Saint-Martin-des-Champs () is a commune. It is found in the region Brittany in the Finistère department in the northwest of France.


title: Saint-Méen

paragraphs: Saint-Méen () is a commune. It is found in the region Brittany in the Finistère department in the northwest of France.


title: Millerton, Oklahoma

paragraphs: Millerton is a town in Oklahoma in the United States.


title: Two Guys from Milwaukee

paragraphs: Two Guys from Milwaukee is a 1946 American comedy movie directed by David Butler and starring Dennis Morgan, Jack Carson, Joan Leslie, Janis Paige, Rosemary DeCamp. It was distributed by Warner Bros. and was followed up in 1948 by "Two Guys from Texas".


title: Kunigami language

paragraphs: The Kunigami language (Kunigami: 山原言葉, "Yanbaru kutūba") is an endangered Ryukyuan language spoken in the Kunigami area of Okinawa, Japan.

paragraphs: Japan calls it a dialect while most linguists put Kunigami as its own language within the Ryukyuan languages group.

paragraphs: Kunigami is somewhat understandable to people who speak the Okinawan language. However, Japanese speakers wouldn’t be able to understand Kunigami. There are also different dialects of Kunigami, such as the one on Okinoerabu.

paragraphs: Welcome. = うがみやぶら。/ めんしょーり。(Ugamiyabura. / Menshoori.)

paragraphs: A famous sanshin song known as “Aha Bushi” is sung in Kunigami.


title: Qui transtulit sustinet

paragraphs: Qui transtulit sustinet is the state motto of Connecticut. It means "He who transplanted sustains" in Latin.


title: Emex spinosa

paragraphs: (Emex spinosa ) is a Mediterrenean annual, whose large leaves has three spines

paragraphs: After Schuster et al. it must merged into Rumex, as did Linné


title: Dirigo

paragraphs: In Latin, Dirigo means "I direct". This phrase is the state motto of Maine, by analogy of it appearing on the state's seal.


title: United we stand, divided we fall

paragraphs: United we stand, divided we fall is a phrase that is used in many mottos and phrases, often used to inspire unity. It is also used in its short form "United we stand". Aesop made up the phrase (and possibly invented it) in his stories The Four Oxen and the Lion directly and in ":The Bundle of Sticks" indirectly. It is the state motto of Kentucky, adopted on December 30, 1792.


title: Gwichʼin language

paragraphs: The Gwichʼin langauge ("Dinju Zhuh Kʼyuu" in Gwichʼin) is a language spoken by the Gwichʼin people in Canada and Alaska.

paragraphs: Gwichʼin is now an endangered language because most Gwichʼin now speak English.

paragraphs: Gwichʼin has a lot of sounds that are not found in English.


title: Nyctimystes myolae

paragraphs: Nyctimystes myolae is a tree frog from Papua New Guinea. Scientists found this frog near the village of Myola village, at 2000 meters above sea level.

paragraphs: This frog is brown in color. Scientists say it is related to the common big-eyed tree frog, "Nyctimystes narinosus".


title: Xoloitzcuintle

paragraphs: The Xoloitzcuintle (), or Xolo, also known as the Mexican hairless dog, is a breed of dog from Mexico. Most have no hair but some are born with hair (coated). The Xolo also has wrinkled skin. It is found in three sizes: toy, miniature, and standard. Its name is from the Nahuatl language, where it is called "xōlōitzcuintli" (singular) and "xōlōitzcuintin" (plural). The name comes from the god "Xolotl" and "itzcuīntli", meaning dog in Nahuatl.


title: The Luck of the Irish (1948 movie)

paragraphs: The Luck of the Irish is a 1948 American romantic fantasy comedy movie directed by Henry Koster and starring Tyrone Power, Anne Baxter, Cecil Kellaway is his Oscar nominated role, Lee J. Cobb, Jayne Meadows. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.


title: Joseph Jerome Farris

paragraphs: Joseph Jerome Farris (March 4, 1930 – July 23, 2020) was an American politician and lawyer. He was the Senior United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit between 1979 until his death. Farris was nominated by President Jimmy Carter. Farris was born in Birmingham, Alabama.

paragraphs: Farris died on July 23, 2020 in Seattle, Washington at the age of 90.


title: Junrey Balawing

paragraphs: Junrey Balawing ( ; ; born June 12, 1993 – July 28, 2020) was a Filipino record holder at the Guinness World Records for the world's shortest man alive measuring at tall. The declaration came during Balawing's 18th birthday celebration.

paragraphs: Guinness World Records official said Balawing broke the record of Khagendra Thapa Magar of Nepal, who was tall.


title: Herbert Leuninger

paragraphs: Herbert Leuninger (8 September 1932 – 28 July 2020) was a German Catholic priest and theologian. He was a human rights activist for asylum in Germany. He was a co-founder of the organisation Pro Asyl, helping refugees, and a member of the board of the European Council on Refugees and Exiles. He was born in Cologne.

paragraphs: Leininger died after a short illness in Limburg on 28 July 2020 at the age of 87.


title: Juan Ramón

paragraphs: Juan Ramón (born as Ellery Guy Rech; 13 January 1940 – 30 July 2020) was an Argentine singer and actor. He was born in Cañada de Gómez, Santa Fe. He was known for his Spanish dubbing of classic to pop French songs by Christophe such as "Aline". He also created the soundtrack for the 1970 French-Italian movie "Road to Salina".

paragraphs: Ramón died of pneumonia-related problems in Buenos Aires on 30 July 2020, aged 80.


title: Parable

paragraphs: A parable is a short story in prose or verse. It teaches something. On the surface it may be about animals or objects, but is is just a metaphor for the real idea. Familiar are the parables of Jesus, where he explains an idea by telling a story. Familiar also are the parables of Aesop.


title: Robert Gnaizda

paragraphs: Robert Leslie Gnaizda ( ) (August 6, 1936 – July 11, 2020) was an American civil rights activist. He was the co-founder, General Counsel and Policy Director for the Greenlining Institute. He was born in New York City.

paragraphs: Gnaizda died of a heart attack on July 11, 2020 in San Francisco, aged 83.


title: Randal Kleiser

paragraphs: John Randal Kleiser (born July 20, 1946) is an American movie and television director, producer and screenwriter. He is best known for directing the 1978 musical romantic-comedy movie "Grease". He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.


title: Tom Pollock

paragraphs: Thomas Philip Pollock (April 10, 1943 – August 1, 2020) was an American movie producer and studio executive. He started his career as an entertainment lawyer. He was the Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the American Film Institute.

paragraphs: He was an Adjunct Professor of Film at the University of California Santa Barbara. He was also co-owner of The Montecito Picture Company. Pollock was known for producing "Hitchcock". He was born in Los Angeles.

paragraphs: Pollock died on August 1, 2020 from a heart attack in Los Angeles, aged 77.


title: Harold Scheraga

paragraphs: Harold Scheraga (October 18, 1921 – August 1, 2020) was an American biophysicist. He was the George W. and Grace L. Todd Professor Emeritus in the chemistry department at Cornell University. He was a key person in protein biophysics and in the study of protein solvation and the hydrophobic effect as it relates to protein folding. He was born in New York City.

paragraphs: Scheraga died on August 1, 2020 in Ithaca, New York at the age of 98.


title: John Hume

paragraphs: John Hume KCSG (18 January 19373 August 2020) was an Irish politician. He was a founding member of the Social Democratic and Labour Party. He was co-recipient of the 1998 Nobel Peace Prize, with David Trimble.

paragraphs: He was the second leader of the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) from 1979 until 2001. He was a Member of the European Parliament and a Member of the United Kingdom Parliament, as well as a member of the Northern Ireland Assembly.

paragraphs: He was also a recipient of the Gandhi Peace Prize and the Martin Luther King Award. In 2012, Pope Benedict XVI made Hume a Knight Commander of the Papal Order of St. Gregory the Great.

paragraphs: He suffered from dementia. Hume died on 3 August 2020, at a nursing home in Derry at the age of 83.


title: American Pie (song)

paragraphs: American Pie is an American popular song, written by a singer-songwriter Don McLean.

paragraphs: The song was recorded and included in his album "American Pie" album in 1971. It reached no.1 on the Billboard hit chart. We consider this song is the longest song ever made among top hits of American popular songs. Because its playing time is beyond 8 minutes. "American Pie" was selected as the fifth important "Song of the Century", announced by the National Endowment for the Arts and the Recording Industry Association of America.

paragraphs: The original song in the album is accompanied by the guitar, piano and strings section. He also played the song with his guitar alone at the BBC studio live in 1972.The RollingStone reported the BBC live, too.

paragraphs: His original rough notes of the song has been a topic. They are often noted as an important historical piece in America. In May 2015 the original lyrics written by himself was sold in market publicly (at an auction). This news surprised people all over the world. He sold the original lyrics at auction for $1.5 million (£800,000). It is said that there are four handwritten copies of the handwritten lyrics to “American Pie.” A 18-page copy consists of 237 lines. One copy was sold at the auction as already mentioned, and a second copy sold for $100,000 in August 2017.

paragraphs: Many people say this song include a political message. Some say "the jester on the sidelines" is Bob Dylan, "the king with the thorny crown" is Elvis Presley. Others say "the quartet in the park" is the Beatles. He also sang in the song about the 1959 plane crash that ended the lives of Buddy Holly, Richie Valens and the Big Bopper .

paragraphs: "All roads lead to American Pie," said Don McLean of the song that made him famous. "As American as apple pie was the saying. It was some kind of a big American song that I wanted to write, which would be a conclusion for my show and bring all the songs home, which it still does. I can go anywhere I want with American music and come home to that. And it all makes sense."

paragraphs: In this way, he has never been explaining the real intention or meaning of the song in the past interviews. He just said, “I was around in 1970 and now I am around in 2015... there is no poetry and very little romance in anything anymore, so it is really like the last phase of American Pie.” Many details in the song still remains in mystery, as he did not mention anymore.


title: Mohammad Reza Navaei

paragraphs: Mohammad Reza Navaei (, 1 December 1948 – 3 August 2020) was an Iranian lightweight freestyle wrestler. He won bronze medals at the 1973 World Wrestling Championships and 1974 Asian Games. He competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics. He was born in Tehran.

paragraphs: Navaei died on 3 August 2020 in Tehran at the age of 71.


title: Saïd Amara

paragraphs: Saïd Amara (11 March 1933 – 2 August 2020) was an Algerian football player and manager. He was born in Saïda. He played club football for MC Saïda, USM Bel-Abbès, Strasbourg, Béziers and Bordeaux. He also earned five caps for the Algerian national team between 1963 and 1964.


title: Bernard Cleary

paragraphs: Bernard Cleary (May 8, 1937 – July 27, 2020) was a Canadian politician. He was born in in Mashteuiatsh, Quebec.

paragraphs: Cleary was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 2004 Canadian federal election. He was the "Bloc Québécois" member of parliament for the riding of Louis-Saint-Laurent.

paragraphs: In 2006, he was defeated by Josée Verner from the Conservative Party of Canada.

paragraphs: He was the first person of Aboriginal descent to be elected in Quebec.


title: Bruno Dettori

paragraphs: Bruno Dettori (22 December 1941 – 2 August 2020) was an Italian politician. He was born in Sassari, Italy.

paragraphs: He began his political career in 1990 becoming a city councilor in Sassari under the Christian Democrats. He was elected senator at the end of the 2001 general election on 13 May 2001. From 18 May 2006 to 7 May 2008 he was part of the second Prodi government as Secretary for the Environment.


title: Keith Pontin

paragraphs: Keith Pontin (14 June 1956 – 2 August 2020) was a Welsh professional footballer who played as a central defender.

paragraphs: Pontin began his career with Cardiff City. He made nearly 200 league appearances and earning two caps for the Welsh national team. He later played for Merthyr Tydfil and Barry Town.

paragraphs: At the age of 59, Pontin was diagnosed with dementia.


title: Bobby Prescott

paragraphs: George Bertrand "Bobby" Prescott (March 27, 1931 – August 2, 2020) was a Panamanian professional baseball player. He was an outfielder, first baseman and third baseman. He had a 19-year career, from 1952–1970, in North American minor league baseball and a brief trial with the Kansas City Athletics of the Major Leagues.


title: Leon Fleisher

paragraphs: Leon Fleisher (July 23, 1928 – August 2, 2020) was an American pianist and conductor. He was one of the most renowned pianists and pedagogues in the world. He was born in San Francisco, California.

paragraphs: He taught at Peabody Conservatory of Music, the Curtis Institute of Music, and the Royal Conservatory of Music in Toronto. He co-founded and co-directed the Theater Chamber Players in 1968–2003, which was the first resident chamber ensemble of the Smithsonian Institution and of The Kennedy Center.

paragraphs: Fleisher died on August 2, 2020 from cancer under hospice care in Baltimore, Maryland, aged 92.


title: Katherine B. Hoffman

paragraphs: Katherine "Kitty" Marie Blood Hoffman (August 1, 1914 – July 18, 2020) was an American chemist and academic administrator. When she retired from Florida State University, the chemistry department named a laboratory building in her honor. It was dedicated to her again in 2018. Hoffman was awarded an honorary doctorate by Florida State University in 2007.

paragraphs: Hoffman died in Tallahassee Memorial HealthCare on 18 July 2020, aged 105 of COVID-19.


title: Wilmington insurrection of 1898

paragraphs: The Wilmington insurrection of 1898, also known as the Wilmington massacre of 1898 or the Wilmington coup of 1898, happened in Wilmington, North Carolina, on Thursday, November 10, 1898.

paragraphs: It is seen as a turning point in post-Reconstruction North Carolina politics. It caused more intense racial segregation of African Americans throughout the South. It made it harder for African-Americans to vote.

paragraphs: The event was caused after many white supremacists took over the Wilmington city government which was controlled by both white and black men and killed the black alderman. After the event, no black politician was in charge in Wilmington.

paragraphs: It has been called a race riot caused by blacks by white newspapers at the time. However, over time, with more facts publicized, the event has come to be seen as a "coup d'état", the violent overthrow of a duly elected government, by a group of white supremacists. It is seen as the only coup in American history.

paragraphs: The "coup" happens with 2,000 white men. They destroyed the property and businesses of black citizens built up since the Civil War, including the only black newspaper in the city, and killed about 60 to more than 300 people.


title: Rachel Dolezal

paragraphs: Rachel Anne Dolezal (born November 12, 1977), also known as Nkechi Amare Diallo, is an American woman known for identifying and passing as a black woman while being white and having no evidence African ancestry.

paragraphs: She is a former college instructor and National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) chapter president.


title: Billy Porter

paragraphs: Billy Porter (born September 21, 1969) is an American actor and singer.

paragraphs: Porter won the 2013 Best Actor in a Musical for his role as Lola in "Kinky Boots" at the 67th Tony Awards.

paragraphs: In 2014 Porter won the Grammy Award for Best Musical Theater Album for "Kinky Boots". He currently stars in the television series "Pose" for which he was nominated for a Golden Globe Award and won the 2019 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series.


title: Viktor Saneyev

paragraphs: Viktor Danilovich Saneyev (Georgia (country) ვიქტორ სანაევი born 3 October 1945) is a retired Georgian triple jumper. He competed internationally for the USSR and won four Olympic medals; three golds (1968, 1972 and 1976) and one silver (1980). He was born in Sukhumi, Georgian SSR.


title: Narumi Ohsawa

paragraphs: Narumi Ohsawa (大澤奈留美, sometimes written as Narumi Osawa) is a Japanese professional Go player at Nihon Ki-in. She was born at Saitama, Saitama in 1976.


paragraphs: Japanese Society for Rights of Authors, Composers and Publishers is also called JASRAC in short. Its official name in Japan is 一般社団法人日本音楽著作権協会.

paragraphs: JASRAC was made in 1939. It is the only organization in Japan to manage and protect copyrights in Japan.

paragraphs: JASRAC can only manage copyrights inside Japan. As for outside Japan (for overseas), foreign organizations such as ASCAP, Muserk manage copyrights of origins of Japan instead, according to a separete agreement with these organizations. 129 foreign organizations have relation with JASRAC.

paragraphs: When people in Japan uses music, videos and books for business useage, originally produced in outside Japan must pay proper money for their copyrights. For this purpose or business, JASRAC manage copyrights in turn by legal agreements with organizations overseas such as PRS for Music, ASCAP, BMI, SESAC, HARRY FOX AGENCY and Muserk.

paragraphs: Numerical information on music business is made public every year. In 2019, JASRAC collected national money of 117,691,182,223 yen in total from April 1 to March 31. On the other hand, JASRAC gave 117,056,695,494 yen to members such as songwriters in total during the same period.


title: Abdul Hay Mosallam Zarara

paragraphs: Abdul Hay Mosallam Zarara (10 March 1933 – 1 August 2020) was a self-taught Palestinian artist. He was born in Al-Dawayima, near Al Khalil (Hebron), in Palestine.

paragraphs: Mosallam was known for recreating scenes from daily life in his lost Palestinian home. Mosallam also created documentation of the recent Palestinian struggle and liberation movements in the form of painted reliefs.

paragraphs: Mosallam Zarara died on 1 August 2020 in Amman, Jordan at the age of 87.


title: Edina Müller

paragraphs: Edina Müller (born 28 June 1983) is a German wheelchair basketball player. She won a gold medal at the 2012 Summer Paralympics and silver medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics.

paragraphs: She played several major tournaments like 2011 European Championship, 2012 Paralympic Games, and 2014 World Championships.


title: Sa. Kandasamy

paragraphs: Sa. Kandasamy (23 July 1940 – 31 July 2020) was an Indian novelist and filmmaker. He was born in Tamil Nadu. His 1968 novel "Chayavanam" was listed by the National Book Trust as a masterpiece in modern Indian Literature.

paragraphs: In 1998, Kandasamy was honored with the Sahitya Academy award for his novel "Vicharanai Commission".

paragraphs: Kandasamy died on 31 July 2020 from a heart attack, aged 80.


title: Litoria nullicedens

paragraphs: Litoria nullicedens is a tree frog from Papua New Guinea. Scientists found this frog on the southwestern side of Mount Obree, at 550 meters above sea level.

paragraphs: This frog has green coloring on the inside of its mouth. Scientists say it is related to the northern New Guinea tree frog, "Litoria graminea".


title: Ua Mau ke Ea o ka ‘Āina i ka Pono

paragraphs: Ua Mau ke Ea o ka ‘Āina i ka Pono is the state motto of :Hawaii. In :Hawaiian, it means "The life of the land is perpetuated in righteousness".


title: Cherokee language

paragraphs: The Cherokee language (ᏣᎳᎩ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ, "Tsalagi Gawonihisdi") is an endangered language spoken by the Cherokee people.

paragraphs: The Cherokee do not use the Latin alphabet (ABCs) like English does. Instead, they use their own alphabet, which looks a lot like the ABCs. Each letter represents a different syllable sound. This special alphabet was invented by a Cherokee man named Sequoyah.

paragraphs: Below is a chart of all the letters of the Cherokee alphabet and the sound each one makes.

paragraphs: The Cherokee language uses many prefixes and suffixes.


title: Chess in Azerbaijan

paragraphs: Chess is one of the most popular sports in Azerbaijan, where it is organized by the Azerbaijan Chess Federation (ACF). On May 5, 2009 Azerbaijani president Ilham Aliyev, who is also the chairman of the National Olympic Committee, signed an executive order starting a state-supported chess development program, covering the years 2009–2014.

paragraphs: Chess may be found in the works of 12th century Persian poets such as Khaqani and Nizami, who lived in modern-day Azerbaijan, and also in the works of 16th century Azerbaijani writer and poet Fuzuli and others. Azerbaijani writer and philosopher Mirza Fatali Akhundov explained the rules of chess in his 1864 poem "The Game of Shatranj".

paragraphs: Organized chess began in Azerbaijan shortly after the creation of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic in 1920, and the game soon became widespread. The first chess column appeared in the newspaper "Bakinsky Rabochy" in the early 1920s. In 1923 the first Baku championship took place.

paragraphs: On May 2–3, 1929, a match between teams from Baku and Tbilisi, the capital of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, was held on 8 boards in Baku.

paragraphs: In 1934 the first Azerbaijani Championship took place. This was won by Selimkhanov, who in 1935 became chairman of the Azerbaijan Chess Organization. In 1936 the first Women's Championship was held. In 1936, A. Polisskaya of Baku became women's champion of the South Caucasus. In 1938, a women's chess school was opened at the Baku Chess and Checkers Club.

paragraphs: However, these chess championships at the local and national level were not held every year and the World War II, disrupted the chess tournaments and activities. But since 1947 chess championships have been held every year.

paragraphs: After Azerbaijan gained its independence after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Azerbaijani chess players have achieved high results in various international competitions, World and European championships. In 1992, the national team of women for the first time at the World Chess Olympiad in Manila, Philippines represented independent Azerbaijan and ranked 7th among 67 teams. The women team won bronze medals at the European Championship held in Debrecen, Hungary in 1993. The national team of men won bronze medals in 2007 in European Championship held in Greece. Men's team won the title of “Europe’s strongest team” in Serbia in 2009, then won silver medals in 2011 in Greece and in 2013 in Poland. In 2012 and 2014, the men's team “SOCAR-Azerbaijan” won the inter-club European Championships twice. Azerbaijani Grandmasters Shahriyar Mammadyarov, Teymur Radjabov and Vugar Hashimov managed to rise to the 4th and 6th places in the world rankings.

paragraphs: Grandmaster Teymur Radjabov became the first owner of the World Chess Cup in the history of Azerbaijan on October 4, 2019, in Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia.


title: Gustaf Skarsgård

paragraphs: Gustaf Caspar Orm Skarsgård (born 31 October 1980) is a Swedish actor. He is best known outside Scandinavia for his role as Floki in the History Channel series "Vikings" as well as for his roles in the movies "Evil" (2003), "The Way Back" (2010) and "Kon-Tiki" (2012). He also played Karl Strand in the second season of the HBO series "Westworld".

paragraphs: Gustaf Skarsgård was born in Stockholm, Sweden, to Swedish actor Stellan Skarsgård and his first wife, My, a physician. He has five siblings: Alexander, Sam, Bill, Eija and Valter, and two half-brothers Ossian and Kolbjörn from his father's second wife, Megan Everett. Alexander, Bill, and Valter are also actors. His godfather is Swedish actor Peter Stormare.

paragraphs: In 1989, as a nine-year-old, Gustaf Skarsgård acted in the Swedish Film "Codename Coq Rouge". After attending Teaterhögskolan in Stockholm from 1999 to 2003, Gustaf Skarsgård joined the Royal Dramatic Theatre. He played in several of Shakespeare’s, Chekhov's and Söderberg’s works both on the Royal Dramatic Theatre and on Stockholm City Theatre. In 2003 he performed in "Evil" and 2008 in "Patrik 1,5". For both roles he was nominated for the Guldbagge Awards as Best Supporting Actor and as Best Leading Actor. Finally, he received the prize as Best Leading Actor for his role in "Förortsungar". In 2012, Skarsgård joined the History Channel's series "Vikings" in the role of Floki, the shipbuilder.

paragraphs: Gustaf Skarsgård was in a long term relationship with actress Hanna Alström from 1999 to 2005.

paragraphs: Skarsgård won a Guldbagge Awards for "Kidz In da Hood". He won the European Film Academy’s Shooting Stars Award in 2007.


title: Bart's Friend Falls in Love

paragraphs: "Bart's Friend Falls in Love" is the 22nd episode of the 3rd season of "The Simpsons". It was first shown on television on May 7, 1992. In the episode, Bart's friend Milhouse gets a girlfriend named Samantha Stanky. Bart gets jealous and tells Samantha's father about the relationship. Samantha's father sends her to a different school that only allows girls. While this happens, Homer tries to lose weight using a subliminal stimuli cassette tape. However, Homer is given a tape about using better vocabulary instead.

paragraphs: The beginning of the episode is a parody of the movie "Raiders of the Lost Ark". The end of the episode is a parody of the movie "Casablanca".

paragraphs: Milhouse shows Bart his new toy, a Magic 8-Ball. Bart asks the Magic 8-Ball if he and Milhouse will still be friends at the end of the day. The Magic 8-Ball says that they will not. A girl from Phoenix, Arizona named Samantha Stanky becomes a new student at the Springfield Elementary School. Milhouse falls in love with Samantha. When school is over, Milhouse brings Samantha to Bart's treehouse and kiss each other.

paragraphs: Milhouse does not spend time with Bart anymore. This makes Bart feel jealous and left out. Bart tells Samantha's father about her relationship. Samantha's father gets angry at her and puts her in a catholic school that is for girls. Bart starts to feel guilty when he sees that Milhouse is very sad, so he tells Milhouse that he told Samantha's father about the relationship. Milhouse gets very angry and fights Bart. When they calm down, they go to the school that Samantha has been put in. Samantha loves the new school, but she still loves Milhouse. She kisses Milhouse, knowing that she will get punished for doing so.

paragraphs: While this happens, Lisa thinks that Homer is too obese. Marge orders a cassette tape that will subliminally get Homer to lose weight. However, they are given a tape on how to have better vocabulary. Homer has been using more complex words, but he is also getting more weight. When Homer finds out that the tape is only making him more obese, he throws the tape away and no longer uses complex words.

paragraphs: Colin Jacobson of DVD Movie Guide said that the episode is a "keeper". He says that the episode "gets into pre-teen emotions but never becomes sappy." He also says that the other story with Homer "provides terrific laughs as well." Nate Meyers of Digitally Obsessed thought it was tough to see Milhouse in a relationship, but said "Still, the love triangle makes for some interesting drama". Bill Gibron of DVD Verdict thought that the main story was "drawn out" but liked the story with Homer. Nathan Ditum of Total Film and Colin Kennedy of "Empire" said that the episode's parody of "Raiders of the Lost Ark" is the best movie parody of the show.


title: Darleen Carr

paragraphs: Darleen Carr (born December 12, 1950) is an American actress, singer, and voice-over artist. She has also been credited as Darlene Carr or Darleen Drake. She has two sisters, both actresses (Shannon Farnon and Charmian Carr).

paragraphs: Carr's only television series in which she had a lead billing was the short-lived CBS sitcom "Miss Winslow & Son" (1979), in which she played Susan Winslow, the single mother and titular character. In 1965-1966, Carr played Kathy, a student at a private girls' academy in California on "The John Forsythe Show". She was a regular on the 1969 version of the NBC variety series "Dean Martin Presents the Gold Diggers" and played Cindy Smith in the 1971-1972 ABC comedy-drama "The Smith Family". Carr also had recurring roles as Margaret Devlin in the western series "The Oregon Trail" (1977) and the editor, reporter and photographer of the town newspaper in the 1981–1982 television series "Bret Maverick".

paragraphs: Carr portrayed Kathleen "Kick" Kennedy, John F. Kennedy's favorite sister, in a television movie, "Young Joe, the Forgotten Kennedy". She appeared in the miniseries "Once an Eagle" (1976). She portrayed the daughter of Karl Malden's character on 12 episodes of "The Streets of San Francisco" (1972–77), as well as in the TV movie sequel, "Back to the Streets of San Francisco" (1992).

paragraphs: On television during the 1970s and 1980s she was a guest on such shows as "The F.B.I." (on 2 episodes), The Virginian,"Alias Smith and Jones", "Marcus Welby M.D." (2 episodes), "Chopper One", "The Rookies" (3 episodes), "The Waltons", "S.W.A.T.", "Medical Center" (3 episodes), "Man from Atlantis", "Fantasy Island", "The Paper Chase", "Barnaby Jones" (3 episodes), "The White Shadow", "Vega$", "Quincy M.E.", "Charlie's Angels", "V", "Murder, She Wrote", "Magnum, P.I.", and "Simon & Simon" (4 episodes). In 1994 she appeared as Ambassador E'Tyshra on "".

paragraphs: Her movie roles included appearances in "Monkeys, Go Home!" (1967) —her movie debut, "The Impossible Years" (1968) with David Niven, "Death of a Gunfighter" (1969) with Richard Widmark, "The Beguiled" (1971) with Clint Eastwood, "Eight Days a Week" (1997) with Keri Russell, and TV horror movies such as "The Horror at 37,000 Feet" (1973) and the TV remake of "Piranha" (1995).

paragraphs: She is also a singer and sang in "The Sound of Music", dubbing the high singing voice for Duane Chase as Kurt, and in Walt Disney's "The Jungle Book", as The Girl. She released an album, "The Carr-DeBelles Band," in 1988.

paragraphs: Carr was married to Jason Laskay for two years before they separated in the 1970s. She later married Zelko Megovetich, a horse trainer. They had a son who died of Duncan’s Disease in 1981. She was married to actor Jameson Parker.


title: Kita, Tokyo

paragraphs: On 15 March 1947, the ward of Kita was formed by combining the wards of Ōji and Takinogawa.


title: Kōtō

paragraphs: On 15 March 1947, the ward of Kōtō was formed by combining the wards of Fukagawa and Jōtō.


title: Sumida, Tokyo

paragraphs: On 15 March 1947, the ward of Sumida was formed by combining the wards of Honjo and Mukojima.


title: Taitō

paragraphs: On 15 March 1947, the ward of Taitō was formed by combining the wards of Asakusa and Shitaya.


title: Emil Ciocoiu

paragraphs: Emil Ciocoiu (13 September 1948 – 1 August 2020) was a Romanian painter and photographer.

paragraphs: In 1972, he won the "Musée 2000" Prize in Luxembourg, and the City of Bucharest awarded him the scholarship of Theodor Aman in 1975.

paragraphs: From 1994 to 2000, Ciocoiu's works were displayed at the Salon des indépendants in Paris. In 1997, the European Parliament organized an exhibition of his paintings.


title: Sean Martin (cartoonist)

paragraphs: Sean Stephane Martin (December 29, 1960 – August 3, 2020) was an American-Canadian cartoonist, illustrator, and graphic designer. He was best known for creating the long-running "Doc and Raider" comic strip which appeared in LGBT publications.

paragraphs: Martin died of pancreatic cancer on August 3, 2020 at the age of 59.


title: John Otto (politician)

paragraphs: John Clifford Otto (1948 – August 1, 2020) was an American Republican politician. He was a member of the Texas House of Representatives from District 18 from 2004 to 2017. He was born in Dayton, Texas.

paragraphs: Otto died on August 1, 2020 in Dayton, Texas at the age of 71.


title: Dayton, Texas

paragraphs: Dayton is a city in Liberty County, Texas, United States. The population was 7,242 at the 2010 census.


title: Reni Santoni

paragraphs: Reni Santoni (April 21, 1939 – August 1, 2020) was an American actor. He was born in New York City. His career began in 1962 and he retired in 2012.

paragraphs: He was known for his roles as Inspector "Chico" González in 1971's "Dirty Harry", as prison official Ramon Herrera in "Bad Boys" (1983), and as Detective Tony Gonzales in the action movie "Cobra" (1986).

paragraphs: Santoni died on August 1, 2020 under hospice care in Los Angeles from cancer at the age of 81.


title: David L. Gunn

paragraphs: David L. Gunn (born June 21, 1937) is an American transportation businessman. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts.

paragraphs: He was Director of Operations of the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) from 1975 to 1979, General Manager and Chief Operations Officer of the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA) from 1979 to 1984, President of the New York City Transit Authority from 1984 to 1990, the General Manager at WMATA (the Washington Metro) from 1991 to 1994, and Chief General Manager of the Toronto Transit Commission in Canada from 1995 to 1999.

paragraphs: In 2002, Gunn became president of Amtrak. He was fired in 2005.


title: Tim Wirth

paragraphs: Timothy Endicott Wirth (born September 22, 1939) is an American politician and environmentalist. He was born in Santa Fe, New Mexico.

paragraphs: Wirth, a Democrat, was a member of the House from 1975 to 1987. He was elected to the Senate in 1986, serving one term there before retiring in 1993.

paragraphs: He worked in the United States Department of Education for President Richard Nixon and was the first Under Secretary of State for Global Affairs for the United States Department of State for President Bill Clinton.

paragraphs: He worked with Vice President Al Gore on global environmental and population issues, supporting the administration's views on global warming.

paragraphs: From 1998 to 2013, he was the president of the United Nations Foundation.


title: Nicholas D'Agosto

paragraphs: Nicholas D'Agosto (born April 17, 1980) is an American actor. He is known for being the lead of "Final Destination 5". He starred in the Showtime series "Masters of Sex" and the Fox series "Gotham".


title: Dehydrogenation

paragraphs: Dehydrogenation is the chemical process where hydrogen is taken from an organic molecule. It is the reverse of hydrogenation.


title: Ryōko Tateishi

paragraphs: In 1976, she joined the Engeki Shūdan En troupe. In 2015, she moved to Sis Company.

paragraphs: In 2004, she won an Individual Award in the 39th Kinokuniya Awards. Her final stage appearance was in a 2019 adaptation of "Crime and Punishment".

paragraphs: In September 2019, she was diagnosed with lung cancer. A performance she planned to be in was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. In June 2020, her health became worse. She died of lung cancer on 2 August 2020 in Tokyo Metropolis, aged 68.


title: Gregory Areshian

paragraphs: Gregory Areshian (13 May 1949 – 2 August 2020) was an Armenian-American archeologist and historian. He was a professor at American University of Armenia. He was the co-director of the international team of archeologists that found the 5,500 years old shoe in and the oldest winery in Areni.

paragraphs: Areshian taught at 14 American universities and colleges including; the University of California, Los Angeles, University of California, Irvine, University of Chicago, University of Wisconsin, Platteville, and Amherst College.

paragraphs: Areshian died on 2 August 2020, aged 71.


title: Getúlio Teixeira Guimarães

paragraphs: Dom Getúlio Teixeira Guimarães (17 October 1937 – 1 August 2020) was a Brazilian Roman Catholic prelate. He was born in Cipotânea, Minas Gerais. He became a priest in 1966 in Barbacena. In 1984, Pope John Paul II appointed him to be the Bishop of the Diocese of Cornélio Procópio. He retired in 2014.

paragraphs: Guimarães died on 1 August 2020 from heart disease-related problems in Cornélio Procópio, Paraná, aged 82.


title: Siddaramaiah

paragraphs: Siddaramaiah (born 12 August 1948) is an Indian politician. He was born in present-day Karnataka, India. He is a member of the Indian National Congress. He was the Chief Minister of Karnataka between 2013 to 2018.


title: Adhe Tapontsang

paragraphs: Adhe Tapontsang (1932 – 3 August 2020) was a Tibetan resistance fighter of the Chushi Gangdruk. She spent 27 years in the Laogai before taking refuge in India. Tapontsang was born in Ghortsa, Xinlong County, Tibet.

paragraphs: In 1958, Tapontsang was arrested and separated from her two children. She was subject to interrogation and internment in the Laogai for 27 years, eleven of them as a "free laborer". She was released in 1985.

paragraphs: Tapontsang died on 3 August 2020 in Dharamshala, India at the age of 92.


title: Jan Halvarsson

paragraphs: Jan Ivar "Janne" Halvarsson (26 December 1942 – 5 May 2020) was a Swedish cross-country skier. He was born in Östersund, Sweden. He won a silver medal at the 1968 Winter Olympics.

paragraphs: Halvarsson died on 5 May 2020 in Hammerdal, Sweden, aged 77.


title: Leslie Randall (actor)

paragraphs: Leslie Randall (19 October 1924 – 2 August 2020) was an English actor. He was born in South Shields, County Durham. He was known for starring in "Joan and Leslie", ITV's first home-grown situation comedy. He also appeared in the 1963 movie version of "Billy Liar" where he played Danny Boon.

paragraphs: On 2 August 2020, it was announced that Randall had died at age 95.


title: Carol A. Timmons

paragraphs: Carol A. Timmons ( – August 2, 2020) was an American military officer. He was the Adjutant General of the Delaware National Guard from February 1, 2017, until her retirement on March 2, 2019.

paragraphs: She was awarded the Legion of Merit, Bronze Star Medal, and others.

paragraphs: Timmons died on August 2, 2020 at the age of 62.


title: St. Jude Children's Research Hospital

paragraphs: Saint Jude Children's Research Hospital is a pediatric treatment and research facility focused on children's catastrophic diseases. It help treat leukemia and other cancers. The hospital costs about US$2.8 million a day to run, but patients are not charged for their care.

paragraphs: It is located in Memphis, Tennessee. St. Jude was founded by entertainer Danny Thomas in 1962.


title: Vangapandu Prasada Rao

paragraphs: Vangapandu Prasada Rao (Telugu: వంగపండు ప్రసాదరావు) (1943 – 4 August 2020) was an Indian poet, lyricist and actor. He was better known as "Vangapandu". He was born in Andhra Pradesh. A political writer, he was known for writing works that were pro-communism and held rallies about it. He also wrote revolutionary songs such as "yantrametta nadustumdantee", "Jajjenaka janare", "eem pillado eldamostavaa" and "ooda nuv vellipoke".

paragraphs: Rao died on 4 August 2020 at the age of 77.


title: Ernesto Brambilla

paragraphs: Ernesto "Tino" Brambilla (31 January 1934 – 3 August 2020) was a Grand Prix motorcycle road racer. He was a professional race car driver. He was born in Monza.

paragraphs: In 1959, he finished in 10th place in the 350cc Grand Prix motorcycle season. In 1961 he again finished in 10th place in the 350 class.

paragraphs: Brambilla entered in two Formula One Grands Prix, firstly in the 1963 Italian Grand Prix, which he failed to qualify.

paragraphs: Brambilla died on 3 August 2020 in Monza from a heart attack, aged 86.


title: The Secret Life of Pets 2

paragraphs: The Secret Life of Pets 2 is a 2019 American 3D computer animated comedy movie produced by Illumination, directed by Chris Renaud. It was written by Brian Lynch.

paragraphs: It is the sequel to "The Secret Life of Pets" (2016).

paragraphs: The movie stars Patton Oswalt (who replaces Louis C.K.), Kevin Hart, Eric Stonestreet, Jenny Slate, Tiffany Haddish, Lake Bell, Nick Kroll, Dana Carvey, Ellie Kemper, Chris Renaud, Tara Strong, Michael Beattie, Hannibal Buress, Bobby Moynihan, and Harrison Ford.

paragraphs: The movie was theatrically released in the United States on June 7, 2019, by Universal Pictures. The movie received mixed reviews from critics.


title: Tiffany Haddish

paragraphs: Tiffany Sara Cornilia Haddish (born December 3, 1979) is an American actress, comedian, and author. She is known for her role as Nekeisha Williams on the NBC sitcom "The Carmichael Show".


title: Magnificent Obsession

paragraphs: Magnificent Obsession is a 1935 American drama movie directed by John M. Stahl and based on the 1929 novel of the same name by Lloyd C. Douglas. It stars Robert Taylor, Irene Dunne, Charles Butterworth, Betty Furness, Sara Haden, Beryl Mercer and was distributed by Universal Pictures. It was remade in 1954.


title: Nick Kroll

paragraphs: Nicholas Kroll (born June 5, 1978) is an American actor, comedian, writer, and producer. He is known for creating and starring in the Comedy Central series "Kroll Show", "The Oh, Hello Show", the FX comedy series "The League", and starring in and co-creating in the animated Netflix series "Big Mouth".


title: Irfaan Ali

paragraphs: Mohamed Irfaan Ali (born 25 April 1980) is a Guyanese politician. He is the 10th President of Guyana since 2020. He was a Member of Parliament and the Minister of Housing.


title: Mark Phillips (Guyana)

paragraphs: Mark Phillips (born 1961) is a Guyanese politician and retired military officer. In August 2020, he became the 9th Prime Minister of Guyana. He was the chief of staff of the Guyana Defence Force from 2013 to 2016.


title: U.S. Route 491

paragraphs: U.S. Route 491 is a U.S. Highway through Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico, from north to south. It was originally known as Devil's Highway or Route 666.


title: Azerbaijan Cup

paragraphs: The Azerbaijan Cup is a major association football competition in Azerbaijan. In its original form, it started in 1936, when the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic was a republic of the Soviet Union and it was not disputed by Azerbaijani teams in the Soviet league pyramid.

paragraphs: Compared to cups in many other countries, Azerbaijan attracts considerably less public interest and even the cup final tickets are rarely sold out. Consequently, the Association of Football Federations of Azerbaijan has experimented with the cup in order to raise public interest for the cup.

paragraphs: The clubs from Azerbaijan First Division (2nd tier) play in the First Round. The winners of that round advance to the Second Round, where the clubs from the Azerbaijani Premier League (1st tier) join. For the quarterfinals and the semifinals, the round-robin system is used. For the finals, the format is restored to head-to-head.

paragraphs: All clubs from the Azerbaijani Premier League and the Azerbaijan First Division.


title: Azerbaijan First Division

paragraphs: The Azerbaijan First Division () is the second highest professional division in Azerbaijani professional football. The division is run by AFFA.

paragraphs: Due to the dissolution of the Soviet Union, all Azerbaijan clubs of the former Soviet Premier Division and Soviet First Division organized in a single Azerbaijan Premier League, which meant that the new second tier of Azerbaijani football would remain regionalized. For the first two seasons three regional groups organized the second tier, until in 1994 the single table in use today began to be used.

paragraphs: The First Division currently has of 14 teams. All teams play each other two times.

paragraphs: CBC Sport currently own all the rights to broadcast the season's games on television. In Azerbaijan, the First Division games is also available on CBC Sport.


title: Azerbaijani Footballer of the Year

paragraphs: Azerbaijani Footballer of the Year is an yearly title awarded to the best Azerbaijani football (soccer) player of the year. The award has been given since 1991, and the winner is elected by authorized journalists from the leading Azerbaijani sport media. On the same occasion, an award is also given for Azerbaijani Football Goalkeeper of the Year since 2009. However, this award is not always given every year.

paragraphs: The same year the Association of Football Federations of Azerbaijan was founded, an award for the best Azerbaijani Footballer of the Year began being given every year. The first award was given to former Azerbaijan national football team striker Samir Alakbarov in 1991, and was further awarded in succession in 1992 and 1993. The Azerbaijan national football team captain Rashad Sadygov has the most number of awards at six. The striker Vagif Javadov became the youngest player to win the award in 2009 at the age of 20. The midfielder Mahmud Gurbanov became the oldest player to win the award in 2007 at the age of 34. The award was not given in 1995.

paragraphs: The first Azerbaijani Football Goalkeeper of the Year award was given to Kamran Agayev in 2009, and was further awarded in succession in 2011 and 2012. Both awards are given at the end of the football season.


title: Annie's Song

paragraphs: "Annie's Song" is a song recorded and written by singer/songwriter John Denver. It was his second number one song in the USA, staying that place for two weeks in July 1974. It also went to number one in the UK.

paragraphs: "Annie's Song" was written as an poem to Denver's then-wife, Annie Denver (Annie Martel) of Sleepy Eye, Minnesota.

paragraphs: This song was written while Denver was riding a ski lift in Switzerland. He said, by the time he had finished the 10 minute ride, the song was finished. It also recall an image of hiking through a state park in nearby New Ulm, Minnesota, Denver might have become filled with wonder at the beauty around, and thinking about his wife.

paragraphs: The song has since become a wedding standard and an expression of love for many people, due to its grand imagery and the fact it could appeal anyone (Annie is not mentioned by name in any part of the song).


title: All Japan Student Go Federation

paragraphs: All Japan Student Go Federation (全日本学生囲碁連盟) is a Japanese student Go organization for holding university Go championships. They have branches in each regions (Kanto, Kansai, Kyushu, Tohoku etc.).

paragraphs: In Japan, most Go tournaments are held by Nihon Ki-in or Kansai Ki-in. All Japan Student Go Federation and their branches are made for student games. They are not under direct control but have close relation with them.

paragraphs: They are holding various tournaments with corporate sponsors.

paragraphs: This is a game to give the student world champion trophy since 2003. Players from each region (including Taiwan, Europe, Oceania etc.) will compete. The expected games in 2020 have been cancelled due to the COVID-19 outbreak.

paragraphs: This is a team competition by each university. Teams that have cleared regional preliminaries can attend. Each team can send only 5 members and substitutes. The sponsor is Yomiuri Newspaper (as same as Yomiuri Giants).

paragraphs: This is the only one game that limits participants by gender. The sponsor is Mainichi Newspaper. Some winners have eventually obtained professional status, or became top amateur players.

paragraphs: This is the only one game that allows the attendance of high school and graduate students. It is held since 1964. The sponsor is Asahi Shinbun.


title: Megumi Asaoka

paragraphs: Megumi Asaoka (麻丘めぐみ) is a Japanese female popular singer and actress. Asaoka was born on October 11, 1955 in Ohita, Japan and grew up in Osaka. She started as a model for photos of magazines and on TV commercials. In 1972 at age 16, she started as a singer and sung her first recording song "芽ばえ". Her biggest hit that she had ever made was a song "わたしの彼は左きき" in July, 1973. Many songs sung by Asaoka were written by a songwriter Kyohei Tsutsumi.

paragraphs: She had been popular in 1970s. But in 1983 she made up her mind to start herself as an actress for movies and on television.


title: Bob the Builder: Mega Machines

paragraphs: Bob the Builder: Mega Machines is a Bob the Builder feature length special that was released in May 27, 2017 in the UK and November 21, 2017 in the US and Canada and the first special of Bob the Builder (2015). In this special, Bob and the crew meet the Mega Machines. The special is directed by Stuart Evans. This is the only Bob the Builder special to be animated by Mainframe Entertainment and this is the latest Bob the Builder special to be released before the Bob the Builder franchise went on hiatus in 2019.

paragraphs: This special is dedicated to Fred de Bradeny (the producer of Bob the Builder (2015) from Seasons 1-2), who died from losing battle with cancer at the age of 52 on January 28, 2017.

paragraphs: Scoop, Muck, Lofty and the rest of the gang can’t wait to help Bob with his biggest build ever – building a dam and transforming an old quarry into a reservoir to provide Spring City with fresh water. Bob enlists the help of another builder, Conrad, to help clear the quarry – along with his three enormous Mega Machines, Thud, Crunch and Ace. Conrad, secretly resentful that he lost out on the dam-building contract to Bob, plots to undermine his rival’s reputation and sabotages the dam. Soon Bob realizes that things are not as they should be… and that it’s up to him and his team to save Spring City!


title: Tim Staffell

paragraphs: Timothy John Staffell (born 24 February 1948) is an English rock singer, visual artist, model maker and designer. Together with Freddie Mercury and John Deacon, they formed the band Queen.


title: English Lutheran Church

paragraphs: English Lutheran Church is a historic church at 1040 New Hampshire Street in Lawrence, Kansas. It was built in 1870, and it grew in 1900. It was added to the National Register in 1995.

paragraphs: It is a two-story church. It is made of rusticated limestone on a limestone block base. It is about in plan.


title: Douglas County Courthouse (Kansas)

paragraphs: The Douglas County Courthouse in Lawrence, Kansas is a three-and-a-half-story stone courthouse. It was built in 1903.

paragraphs: It was designed by 19th-century architect John G. Haskell. Frederick C. Gunn, who was also an architect, helped. The style is Richardsonian Romanesque.


title: Nyctimystes ocreptus

paragraphs: Nyctimystes ocreptus is a tree frog from Papua New Guinea. Scintists found it on Mount Albert Edward, 2600 meters above sea level. Some may also live on Mount Victoria or Mount Knutsford.

paragraphs: This frog has brown eyes. The veins in its lower eyelid go in all directions, like a net. This frog's skin is gold-green to gray-green in color. Its belly is white with purple and brown marks.

paragraphs: Scientists say this frog is related to the common big-eyed tree frog, "Nyctimystes narinosus".

paragraphs: The name of this frog is from the words "oculus in rete captus," which means "eye caught in a net."


title: A55 road (Great Britain)

paragraphs: The A55, also called the North Wales Expressway (Welsh: "Gwibffordd Gogledd Cymru"), is an important road in Great Britain. It goes between Chester, England and Holyhead, Wales. It goes along the north coast of Wales for most of its route. For most of the route, it is a dual carriageway. Many parts of the road act like a motorway.

paragraphs: It is also part of the European route E22, which links to Amsterdam, Riga, and Moscow. The route once went between Bangor and Chester, but was extended to Holyhead in 2001. This links to the Republic of Ireland through the Port of Holyhead. In total, the road is long.


title: Gazebo

paragraphs: A gazebo is a pavilion structure. It is often built in a park, garden or large public area.


title: Disc golf

paragraphs: Disc golf is a flying disc sport in which players throw a disc at a target. It is played using rules similar to golf.

paragraphs: The game is played in about 40 countries. As of 2019, there are active people in the PDGA worldwide.


title: 2020 Beirut explosion

paragraphs: On 4 August 2020, an explosion happened in the city of Beirut, the capital of Lebanon.

paragraphs: The blast happened at the Port of Beirut and left at least 192 people dead (with the total expected to go higher), at least 6,500 injured, and many more missing. The Governor of Beirut, Marwan Abboud, said over 300,000 people lost their homes.

paragraphs: It is said that the explosion may have been caused by 2,750 tonnes of ammonium nitrate. Ammonium nitrate is a chemical substance that can be used for fertilizer. It can also be used to make explosives. The government took the ammonium nitrate from a ship in the port of Damascus, the MV Rhosus. The MV Rhosus had been abandoned in the port, after the Lebanese government said it was no longer fit to travel by sea. The ammonium nitrate was then stored in the port, for at least six years. This may have been without the proper precautions. There are various regulations how ammonium nitrate should be stored, and handled. In its pure form, ammonium nitrate does not burn; but it increases fires a great deal. It should therefore not be stored near flammable substances, and it should not be heated in a closed space. It is also very sensitive to temperature.

paragraphs: Before the big explosion, here seems to have been a fire in a part of the warehouse, where fireworks were stored. The ammonium nitrate was stored in the same building.

paragraphs: The explosion has been compared to three thousand tonnes of TNT.

paragraphs: Some countries have offered medical aid, rescue teams and money to help deal with the aftermath of the disaster.


title: Orichalcum

paragraphs: Orichalcum or aurichalcum, ὀρείχαλκος is the name of a metal or two different metals. Old writings from ancient Greece talk about orichalcum and the Romans made coins out of a metal they called orichalcum, but they might not have been the same metal. People today are not sure exactly what it was. Some scholars think orichalcum was the ancient Greek name for platinum. Others think it was an alloy, or mixture, of copper and either gold, tin, or zinc. Scientists examined Roman coins and found a mixture of copper and zinc.

paragraphs: The name "orichalcum" is from the Greek word for "mountain copper" or "mountain metal."

paragraphs: Some people think name "aurichalcum" comes from the word "aurum" for "gold," but it does not.

paragraphs: In general, when ancient Greek writers wrote about orichalcum, they said it was a metal that looked like gold but that they did not know much else about it. To Homer, Hesiod and Plato, orichalcum was a metal from much earlier times that did not exist in their own time and place.

paragraphs: In one of the Homeric Hymns, Homer writes about orichalcum earrings. Hesiod writes about orichalcum greaves, which are leg armor. Neither writer was talking about his own time and place.

paragraphs: Plato wrote about orichalcum in his book "Critias". In the book, Plato says orichalchum was in the ground of the legendary island of Atlantis. To the Atlanteans, it was the second-most-valuable metal, after gold. Plato says the Atlanteans put orichalcum on their city walls and temples. Plato calls orichalcum "only a name" in his own time, meaning he did not think he had ever seen orichalcum.

paragraphs: The ancient Romans also had a metal that they called orichalcum. Around the time the Roman Republic ended and the Roman Empire started, the Romans stopped making coins out of bronze and started making them out of orichalcum: asses coins, sestertii coins, dupondii coins and semisses coins.

paragraphs: Roman orichalcum does corrode over time, the way iron rusts and silver tarnishes.

paragraphs: Scientists analyzed Roman coins and saw they were made of copper and zinc. During the early days of the Roman Empire, Romans invented a better way to make zinc-copper alloys. This way is called cementation. To do it, the metalworker has to heat the zinc and copper to exactly the correct temperature. Then there can be as much as 30% zinc in the orichalcum.

paragraphs: Orichalcum appears in many works of fiction, especially stories about Atlantis. It is in television shows, for example "The Mysterious Cities of Gold" and "". It is in video games, for example "Castlevania: Curse of Darkness" and "Elder Scrolls".


title: Shirley Ann Grau

paragraphs: Shirley Ann Grau (July 8, 1929 – August 3, 2020) was an American writer. She was born in New Orleans. Her work is set mainly in the Deep South and talks about issues of race and gender.

paragraphs: Her 1964 work "The Keepers of the House" was awarded the 1965 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction.

paragraphs: She was an important feminist writer who talked about abortion, death and misogyny.

paragraphs: Grau died on August 3, 2020 in Kenner, Louisiana from stroke-related problems at the age of 91.


title: Yard (land)

paragraphs: A yard is an open space around a building. For instance, the space around a school is called a school yard. A yard is often used by humans and their pets. Yards with plants are called lawns.


title: Fatti maschi, parole femmine

paragraphs: Fatti maschi, parole femmine is an Italian phrase literally meaning "deeds are males, words are females", but the actual meaning is "strong deeds, gentle words". This phrase is the state motto of Maryland.


title: Ontario Highway 404

paragraphs: Ontario Highway 404 is a 400-series highway. It starts at Highway 401 in Toronto and ends at Woodbine Avenue in East Gwillimbury.


title: Mark Ormrod (historian)

paragraphs: William Mark Ormrod, , (1 November 1957–2 August 2020), known professionally as Mark Ormrod, was an English historian. His works focused on the English later Middle Ages.

paragraphs: He worked at the University of York where he became Dean of the History Faculty and director of the Centre for Medieval Studies. He researched and published widely, including nine books and over 80 book chapters.

paragraphs: Ormrod died of bowel cancer on 2 August 2020 in York, aged 62.


title: Regional Representative Council

paragraphs: The Regional Representative Council (, DPD; alternatively translatable as the House of Regions or the House of Regional Representatives or the Senate of Indonesia), is one of two parliamentary chambers in Indonesia.

paragraphs: With the "Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat," (DPR), it makes up the Indonesian national legislative body, the "Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat" (MPR).

paragraphs: Under Indonesia's constitution, the authority of the DPD is limited to areas related to regional governments and can only propose and give advise on bills to the DPR.


title: People's Representative Council

paragraphs: The People's Treason Council of the Republic of Indonesia (, DPR-RI) is one of two elected national legislative assemblies in Indonesia.

paragraphs: Together with the Regional Representative Council ("Dewan Perwakilan Daerah", DPD), a second chamber with limited powers, it makes up a legislative body, the People's Consultative Assembly ("Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat", MPR).

paragraphs: The house has been controversial due to high levels of fraud and corruption.


title: People's Consultative Assembly

paragraphs: The People's Consultative Assembly of the Republic of Indonesia (, MPR-RI) is the legislative branch in Indonesia's political system. It is made up of the members of the People's Representative Council (DPR) and the Regional Representative Council (DPD).

paragraphs: Before 2004, and the amendments to the 1945 Constitution, the MPR was the highest governing body in Indonesia.


title: Dani Anwar

paragraphs: Dani Anwar (22 February 1968 – 3 August 2020) was an Indonesian PKS politician. He was a Senator from 2009 to 2014. He was also a member of the Jakarta Regional People's Representative Council from 2019 until his death. He was born in Jakarta.

paragraphs: Anwar died on 3 August 2020 in Jakarta from COVID-19, aged 52.


title: Ralf Metzenmacher

paragraphs: Ralf Metzenmacher (July 26, 1964 – August 3, 2020) was a German painter and designer. He was an expert Retro-Art, a mixture between art and product design. He was born in Aachen, Germany. Between 1991 and 2004 he worked as a designer for Puma. As director, towards the end of his time there he was responsible for the Footwear Europe and Accessories International division.

paragraphs: Metzenmacher died on August 3, 2020 at the age of 56.


title: Michael Peter Smith

paragraphs: Michael Peter Smith (September 7, 1941 – August 3, 2020) was an American singer-songwriter. He was known as "The greatest songwriter in the English language". He sang and composed from the 1960s.

paragraphs: He was best known for writing "The Dutchman", which was popularized by Steve Goodman.

paragraphs: He died from colon cancer on August 3, 2020 at the age of 78.


title: Ebrahim Alkazi

paragraphs: Ebrahim Alkazi (18 October 1925 – 4 August 2020) was an Indian theatre director and drama teacher. He was the Director of National School of Drama, New Delhi from 1962 to 1977.

paragraphs: He directed over 50 plays, including famous productions of: Girish Karnad's "Tughlaq", Mohan Rakesh's "Ashadh Ka Ek Din", Dharamvir Bharati's "Andha Yug" and numerous Shakespeare and Greek plays.


title: Rajko Dujmić

paragraphs: Rajko Dujmić (7 August 1954 – 4 August 2020) was a Croatian songwriter, composer and music producer. He was best known as a member of the pop group Novi fosili. He composed the winner entry of Eurovision Song Contest 1989, "Rock me".

paragraphs: He was in a car crash on 29 July 2020. Dujmić died six days later, on 4 August at the hospital, aged 65.


title: Dick Goddard

paragraphs: Richard D. "Dick" Goddard (February 24, 1931 – August 4, 2020) was an American television meteorologist, author, cartoonist, and animal activist. He was the evening meteorologist at WJW-TV. He held the Guinness World Record for longest career as a weather forecaster. Goddard was born in Akron, Ohio.

paragraphs: In June 2020, he tested positive for COVID-19. Goddard died on August 4, 2020 in Florida, at the age of 89.


title: Hu Ping

paragraphs: Hu Ping (1 July 1930 – 4 August 2020) was a Chinese politician. He was born in Jiaxing, Zhejiang. Hu was a member of the Chinese Communist Party. Hu was Governor of Fujian from 1983 to 1987. He was the Minister of Commerce from 1988 to 1993.

paragraphs: Hu died on 4 August 2020 in Beijing, aged 90.


title: Jiaxing

paragraphs: Jiaxing (), alternately romanized as Kashing, is a prefecture-level city in northern Zhejiang province, China. At the 2010 census, its population was 4,501,657.


title: Willie Hunter (footballer)

paragraphs: William Hunter (14 February 1940 — 4 August 2020) was a Scottish football player and manager. Hunter spent most of his playing career with Motherwell.

paragraphs: He also played for the Detroit Cougars, Hibernian, Hellenic and Cape Town City. Hunter also represented both Scotland and the Scottish League.

paragraphs: He was born in Edinburgh. Hunter died in August 2020, aged 80.


title: Eddie Ilarde

paragraphs: Edgardo "Eddie" U. Ilarde (August 25, 1934 – August 4, 2020) was a Filipino radio-television host and politician. He was born in Iriga, Camarines Sur. He was a member of the Liberal Party. He hosted "Student Canteen". From 1965 to 1969, he was a member of the House of Representatives. In 1972, he was a member of the Senate.

paragraphs: Ilarde died on August 4, 2020 at a hospital in Makati, Philippines at the age of 85.


title: Lorenzo Chiarinelli

paragraphs: Lorenzo Chiarinelli (16 March 1935 – 3 August 2020) was an Italian Roman Catholic prelate. He was born in Concerviano, Italy. He became a priest in 1957. He was made a bishop in 1983 by Pope John Paul II.

paragraphs: He was the Bishop of Sora-Cassino-Aquino-Pontecorvo from 1983 to 1993, Aversa from 1993 to 1997 and Viterbo from 1997 to 2010.

paragraphs: Chiarinelli died on 3 August 2020 at the age of 85.


title: Shivajirao Patil Nilangekar

paragraphs: Shivajirao Nilangekar Patil (1 September 1928 – 5 August 2020) was an Indian politician. He was a leader of Indian National Congress Party. He was born in Nilanga, Maharashtra. He was the Chief Minister of Maharashtra between 1985 to 1986. He was also a member of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly between 1962 to 2014.

paragraphs: Nilangekar died on 5 August 2020 from COVID-19 at a hospital in Pune, aged 91.


title: Karam Ali Shah

paragraphs: Pir Karam Ali Shah (c. 1934 – 4 August 2020) was a Pakistani politician. He was governor of Gilgit-Baltistan. He was appointed governor on January 26, 2011 by President of Pakistan Asif Ali Zardari. He stepped down from the job on 16 February 2015. He was born in India.

paragraphs: Shah died on 4 August 2020 in Islamabad, Pakistan at the age of 86.


title: Jan Strelau

paragraphs: Jan Strelau (May 30, 1931 – August 3, 2020) was a Polish psychologist. He was born in Free City of Danzig, now Gdańsk, Poland. Strelau was best known for his studies on temperament.

paragraphs: He was professor of psychology at Warsaw University from 1968 to 2001.

paragraphs: In 2001, he became a professor at Warsaw School of Social Sciences and Humanities, where he took the positions of Vice-rector for Research and International Affairs from 2002 to 2010 and Vice-rector for Research from 2010 to 2012. He was the Chairman of the Board of Trustees from 2012 to 2016.

paragraphs: Strelau died in Warsaw on August 3, 2020 at the age of 89.


title: Robert Prosky

paragraphs: Robert Prosky (born Robert Joseph Porzuczek, December 13, 1930 – December 8, 2008) was an American actor.

paragraphs: His best known movie roles were in "Thief" (1981), "Christine" (1983), "The Natural" (1984), and "Broadcast News" (1987).

paragraphs: He also appeared in "" (1990), "Hoffa" (1992), "Mrs. Doubtfire" (1993), "Last Action Hero" (1993), "Miracle on 34th Street" (1994), "Dead Man Walking" (1995), and "Mad City" (1997).

paragraphs: Prosky died on December 8, 2008 at a hospital in Washington, D.C. at the age of 78. The cause of death was heart surgery-related problems.


title: William Petersen

paragraphs: William Louis Petersen (born February 21, 1953) is an American actor and producer. He is best known for his role as Gil Grissom in the CBS drama series "" (2000–2015).


title: The Natural (movie)

paragraphs: The Natural is a 1984 American sports movie. It is based on Bernard Malamud's 1952 novel of the same name. It is directed by Barry Levinson. It stars Robert Redford, Glenn Close, and Robert Duvall.

paragraphs: The movie was nominated for four Academy Awards.

paragraphs: Many of the baseball scenes were filmed in 1983 at War Memorial Stadium in Buffalo, New York. The All-High Stadium, also in Buffalo, stood in for Chicago's Wrigley Field in a key scene.


title: Bernard Malamud

paragraphs: Bernard Malamud (April 26, 1914 – March 18, 1986) was an American novelist and short story writer. He was one of the best known American Jewish authors of the 20th century.

paragraphs: His baseball novel, "The Natural", was made into a 1984 movie. His 1966 novel "The Fixer" (also filmed), about antisemitism in the Russian Empire, won both the National Book Award and the Pulitzer Prize.

paragraphs: Malamud died in Manhattan on March 18, 1986 from a heart attack, at the age of 71.


title: Riverhead (CDP), New York

paragraphs: Riverhead is a census-designated place (CDP) located in the town of Riverhead in Suffolk County, New York on Long Island. The CDP's population was 13,299 at the 2010 census.


title: East Hampton (village), New York

paragraphs: The Village of East Hampton is a village in Suffolk County, New York, United States. It is located in the town of East Hampton. The population was 1,083 at the time of the 2010 census.


title: East Hampton (town), New York

paragraphs: The Town of East Hampton is located in southeastern Suffolk County, New York. At the time of the United States 2010 Census, it had a total population of 21,457.


title: Brentwood, New York

paragraphs: Brentwood is a hamlet in the Town of Islip in Suffolk County, New York, United States. As of the 2010 Census, the population of Brentwood was 60,664.


title: Jake LaTurner

paragraphs: Jacob LaTurner (born February 17, 1988) is an American politician. He became the Kansas State Treasurer in 2017.

paragraphs: He is a member of the Republican Party. He was in the Kansas State Senate from 2013 until 2017. When he became state treasurer, LaTurner became the youngest current statewide official in the United States. He was reelected to the job in 2018, becoming the youngest current elected statewide official in the United States.

paragraphs: LaTurner briefly announced a campaign for the United States Senate in the 2020 election but quickly dropped out. He later decided to run for the United States House of Representatives seat representing . LaTurner beat incumbent U.S. Representative Steve Watkins in that primary election.


title: Michelle De La Isla

paragraphs: Michelle De La Isla (born March 19, 1976) is an American politician. She is the Mayor of Topeka, Kansas since 2018. She was a member of the Topeka City Council from 2013 to 2018. De La Isla is the city's first Latina, first single mother, and second woman to serve as mayor.

paragraphs: She is the Democratic nominee for Kansas' 2nd congressional district in the 2020 United States House of Representatives race. De La Isla was born in New York City.


title: Overeating

paragraphs: Overeating (or over-eating) is eating food more than the body needs. There is a relationship between the energy that an organism uses and the amount eaten. Eating more leads to weight gaining and often obesity. It may be regarded as an eating disorder.

paragraphs: One consequence of overeating is weight gain, and excess weight may cause blood pressure to rise. In turn this makes illness and even death more likely.

paragraphs: The problem is very difficult to reverse: losing weight is often attempted, but rarely succeeds. Weight lost is usually rapidly replaced. Diets are famously unsuccessful. Obesity is the end product of overeating.

paragraphs: Some difficult facts are known. Poorer families tend to eat worse food than better-off families. Children learn from the experiences in their families. Once established, habits are hard to break. In 2013, several medical societies, including the American Medical Association and the American Heart Association, classified obesity as a disease.