title: 2020 United States presidential election

paragraphs: The United States presidential election, 2020 will take place on November 3, 2020. Voters will select presidential electors who will then vote on December 14, 2020 to either elect a new President and Vice President or re-elect the incumbents. The winners of the 2020 election will be inaugurated on January 20, 2021.

paragraphs: Donald Trump, the 45th and current President, launched a reelection campaign for the Republican primaries; several state Republican Party organizations have cancelled their primaries in a show of support for his candidacy. He became the presumptive nominee in March 2020.

paragraphs: 27 major candidates launched campaigns for the Democratic nomination, which became the largest field of candidates for any political party in the modern-day American politics. In April 2020, former Vice President Joe Biden became the presumptive nominee after beating Senator Bernie Sanders. In August 2020, Biden picked U.S. Senator and former 2020 candidate Kamala Harris as his running mate.

paragraphs: Main issues of the election include the impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, which has left over 220,000 Americans dead; protests in reaction to the Killing of George Floyd and other black Americans; the death of Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg and the nomination of Amy Coney Barrett, and the Affordable Care Act, with Biden wanting to protect and expand it and Trump pushing for ending it.

paragraphs: The 2020 U.S. presidential election will be the first time all members of the millennial generation will be able to vote. The age group of what will then be persons in the 18 to 45-year-old area will represent 40 percent of the United States' eligible voters in 2020. It has also been estimated that 1/5 percent of eligible voters in the 2020 U.S. presidential election will be Hispanic.

paragraphs: The United States House of Representatives voted to impeach President Donald Trump on December 18, 2019, making him the third president in American history to be impeached. He was acquitted by the United States Senate on February 5, 2020.

paragraphs: On July 20, 2018, the Republican National Convention chose Charlotte, North Carolina as the site for their 2020 national convention. The convention will be held between August 24 to 27. In June 2020, the convention location was moved to Jacksonville, Florida over COVID-19 health measures.

paragraphs: The 2020 Democratic National Convention is scheduled to take place in Milwaukee, Wisconsin on July 13–16, 2020.

paragraphs: Though Jacob Hornberger won the most primaries and received the most votes, Jo Jorgensen was chosen as the party's presidential nominee on the night of May 23, 2020, after four rounds of voting.

paragraphs: On December 10, 2017, the Libertarian National Committee chose Austin, Texas as the site of their 2020 national convention. The convention will be held between May 22–25, 2020. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it was held through an online convention from May 22 to May 24.

paragraphs: The 2020 Green National Convention was held in Detroit, Michigan from July 9-12. Greenville, South Carolina and Spartanburg, South Carolina were also considered to host the convention.

paragraphs: Various other minor party and independent candidate campaigns are on the ballot in several states, among the most notable of these are billionaire and child actor Brock Pierce and rapper Kanye West.

paragraphs: Three presidential debates and one vice presidential debate have been scheduled:


title: Cory Booker

paragraphs: Cory Anthony Booker (born April 27, 1969) is an American politician and the junior United States Senator from New Jersey. He is a member of the U.S. Democratic Party. He has been in office since 2013. Before being senator, he served as mayor of Newark from 2006 to 2013.

paragraphs: His first mayoral campaign in Newark, New Jersey, against incumbent Mayor Sharpe James in 2002, was documented in the 2005 feature movie "Street Fight".

paragraphs: From February 2019 to January 2020, Booker unsuccessfully ran for the 2020 Democratic nomination for President of the United States.

paragraphs: Many news articles believe that Booker would be a popular Democratic candidate for the 2020 presidential election against Donald Trump.

paragraphs: On February 1, 2019, Booker launched his presidential campaign for the Democratic nomination. He ended his campaign on January 13, 2020.

paragraphs: His brother is Cary Booker II, named after their father Cary Booker. In 1969, his parents fought hard against racism by insisting to buy a house in an area where black people were not welcome.


title: Justin Amash

paragraphs: Justin A. Amash (; born April 18, 1980) is an American lawyer and politician. He is the only Libertarian member of the United States Congress. He used to be a member of the Republican Party. In January 2011, he began serving as the U.S. Representative for .

paragraphs: Amash chaired the Liberty Caucus and is the first and only Libertarian to hold a seat in Congress. Amash received national attention when he became the first Republican congressman to call for the impeachment of Donald Trump, a position he maintained after leaving the party.

paragraphs: Although it was said that he would run for Libertarian nomination for the 2020 presidential election, he chose to run for reelection to the House as an independent. On April 28, 2020, he announced the formation of an exploratory committee to seek the Libertarian presidential nomination. However, he announced that he would not run for President on May 16.


title: Icelandic króna

paragraphs: The Icelandic króna (ISK; plural krónur; "króna" means "crown") is the currency used in Iceland. The name "Icelandic crown" is sometimes used instead.

paragraphs: There are currently only 5 banknotes (500, 1000, 2000, 5000 and 10000 króna) and 5 coins (1, 5, 10, 50 and 100 króna) in circulation.

paragraphs: The Danish krone was introduced to Iceland in 1874. It replaced the earlier Danish currency, the rigsdaler. Iceland began making its own currency in 1885. The Danish krone left Iceland after the collapse of the Scandinavian Monetary Union. Iceland gained it's independence over Denmark in 1918, and the first coins were issued in 1922.

paragraphs: Iceland experienced hyperinflation in 1981. So the currency was revalued. This meant that the 100 old krónur (ISJ) became as valuable as 1 new króna (ISK). The new 500 krónur banknote was also put into circulation the same year. The largest banknote ever issued was a 10,000 krónur. This bill was made after the 2008–11 Icelandic financial crisis.

paragraphs: In 2009, the Althing voted to join the European Union. After the left-wing parties were voted out of office, the negotiation were stopped. Nowadays, most people predict that the króna will remain the Icelandic currency for a long time.

paragraphs: A major financial crisis hit Iceland from 2008 to 2011. It brought about a collapse of the Icelandic banking sector. The value of the Icelandic króna dropped, and it went down to around 185 ISK per 1 euro. After many of the issues were resolved, the krónur value went up to around 140 ISK per 1 euro. However, the value has not been as high as it was since before the crisis (it was at 82 ISK per 1 euro in mid-2007).


title: Independence Party (Iceland)

paragraphs: The Independence Party (Icelandic: "Sjálfstæðisflokkurinn") is a centre-right political party in Iceland. They are liberal conservatives who are eurosceptic (meaning they don't want Iceland to join the European Union). The party is the one of the largest in Iceland. It is currently tied with the most seats in the Althing. The chairman of the party is Bjarni Benediktsson and vice chairman is Ólöf Nordal.

paragraphs: The party was formed in 1929 as a result of two parties merging. The newly formed party wanted Iceland to be independent. This was later achieved in 1944. From 1929 to 2009, the Independence Party was the dominant party in the Althing.

paragraphs: The party is economically liberal, and is against getting involved with other countries problems. The party is mainly supported by fishermen and high-earners, particularly in Reykjavík. The party also wants Iceland to join the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).


title: Rare-earth magnet

paragraphs: Rare-earth magnets are strong permanent magnets made from alloys of rare earth elements.

paragraphs: Developed in the 1970s and '80s, rare-earth magnets are the strongest type of permanent magnets made. They have much stronger magnetic fields than other types such as ferrite or alnico magnets.

paragraphs: There are two types: neodymium magnets and samarium-cobalt magnets. Some rare-earth magnets such as Terfenol-D are magnetostrictive. They also have uses e.g. in speakers.

paragraphs: Rare earth magnets are extremely brittle and also vulnerable to corrosion, so they are usually plated or coated to protect them from breaking, chipping, or crumbling into powder.


title: Yahrzeit

paragraphs: Yahrzeit (Yiddish, from German, "yahr," year, plus "zeit," time) in Judaism is the yearly observance of the death of a close family member. There are a number of common customs for Jews observing a yahrzeit. These include remembering the relative, lighting memorial candles, saying special prayers, giving money to charity, and visiting the grave of the relative.

paragraphs: The date of the yahrzeit is fixed by the Hebrew calendar.


title: Arboys-en-Bugey

paragraphs: Arboys-en-Bugey is a commune in the Ain department of eastern France, in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. It was incorporated on 1 January 2016 by the combination of the former communes of Arbignieu and Saint-Bois.


title: Groslée-Saint-Benoît

paragraphs: Groslée-Saint-Benoît is a commune in the Ain department of east France, in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. The municipality started on January 1, 2016 when two communes, Groslée and Saint-Benoît, joined together.


title: Walther Leisler Kiep

paragraphs: Walther Gottlieb Louis Leisler Kiep (5 January 1926 – 9 May 2016) was a German politician. He was a member of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). He was a member of the Bundestag between 1965 and 1976 and again from 1980 to 1982.

paragraphs: After switching to state-level politics, he served as Minister of Economy (1976–77) and Minister of Finance (1976–80) in Lower Saxony under Ernst Albrecht. In 1982, Kiep was the leading candidate for the CDU in two state elections in Hamburg. From 1971 until 1992, he was treasurer of his party at the federal level.

paragraphs: Kiep died on 9 May 2016 in his home in Kronberg im Taunus in Hesse of pneumonia, aged 90.


title: Haut-Valromey

paragraphs: Haut-Valromey is a new commune in the Ain department of eastern France, in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. The municipality was incorporated on January 1, 2016 and consists of the former communes of Hotonnes, Le Grand-Abergement, Le Petit-Abergement and Songieu.

paragraphs: It is the largest commune of the Ain department.


title: Gareth Gwenlan

paragraphs: Gareth Gwenlan OBE (26 April 1937 – 9 May 2016) was a British television producer and director. He was best known for his work on shows including "The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin", "To the Manor Born", "Only Fools and Horses", and "High Hopes". He was born in Brecon, Wales. Gwenlan was made Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2013.

paragraphs: Gwenlan died on 9 May 2016 in Hertfordshire, England, aged 79.


title: Parves-et-Nattages

paragraphs: Parves-et-Nattages is a commune in the Ain department of east France, in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. The municipality started on January 1, 2016. The two old communes Parves and Nattages to make the new commune.


title: Henry Silva

paragraphs: Henry Silva (born September 15, 1928) is an American movie and television actor. He is known for his roles as Chunjin in "The Manchurian Candidate" (1962) and as the voice of Bane in "".


title: Rodrigo Duterte

paragraphs: Rodrigo "Rody" Roa Duterte (born March 28, 1945), nicknamed Digong, is a Filipino lawyer and politician who is the current President of the Philippines. Because of the urge of most Filipinos, he announced that he would run as a candidate for President of the Philippines on November 21, 2015. On May 9, 2016, Duterte was elected president.

paragraphs: He was among the longest-serving mayors in the Philippines. He had previously been a long-time mayor of Davao City from 1988 through 1998, from 2000 through 2010, and from 2013 through 2016. He was born in the city of Maasin, Leyte.


title: Homeowner association

paragraphs: A homeowner association (HOA) is an American real estate term. It is a corporation formed by a real estate developer to market, manage, and sell homes and lots in a residential place.

paragraphs: Later, after a neighborhood is settled, the term may describe a group of home owners which set rules for the neighborhood. The purpose of a home-owners association is to improve the neighborhood's image. The members of a home-owner's association hope that, by improving the image, the values of their homes will rise. If the rules are violated by home-owners, the home-owners association can force them to pay money. If they refuse, the home-owner's association can take away their houses.

paragraphs: The fastest growing form of housing in the United States today is "common-interest development" (CID), a category that includes various housing types. Since 1964, HOAs have become increasingly common in the United States. HOAs governed 24.8 million American homes and 62 million residents by 2010.


title: Phil LaMarr

paragraphs: Phillip "Phil" LaMarr (born January 24, 1967) is an American actor, voice actor, and comedian. He is best known for his voice roles in various animated series such "Samurai Jack", "Justice League", "Justice League Unlimited", "Futurama", "Static Shock", and "Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends". He was also best known as one of the original cast members on the sketch comedy series "MADtv".


title: Kohl

paragraphs: Kohl is an ancient eye cosmetic, traditionally made by grinding stibnite (SbS). It is widely used in the Middle East, North Africa, and South Asia as eye liner, to contour and/or darken the eyelids, and as mascara for the eyelashes. It is worn mostly by women, but also by some men and children.

paragraphs: Kohl is very ancient, and is seen in depictions of high status women and godesses in Ancient Egypt. It has also been used in India as a cosmetic for a long time.

paragraphs: The content of kohl and the recipes to prepare it vary greatly. In North Africa and Middle East, homemade kohl is often made by grinding galena (lead sulfide). In the west, soot or organic charcoal may be used instead of lead. Plant oils and the soot from various nuts, seeds, and gum resins are often added to the carbon powder. Unfortunately, the non-lead products do not give such a good result as the the older, traditional varieties. Handmade, lead-based kohl continues to be popular.


title: Papers, Please

paragraphs: Papers, Please is a video game made by Lucas Pope, an indie game developer, published under his secret name 3909. It is about an immigration officer who decided who to let in and who to refuse entry to the fictional country of Arstotzka. The game was released on August 8, 2013 for Microsoft Windows and for OS X. It was released for Linux on February 12, 2014. It was released for iPad on December 12, 2014. A PlayStation Vita version was announced in August 2014, but has not come out yet.

paragraphs: The gameplay for "Papers, Please" revolves around an immigrations inspector's life and job. The player can allow people to enter Arstotzka or refuse them. The player can use different tools to check if the immigration papers are out of date, real or fake. The player must try to keep unwanted people out of Arstotzka, like terrorists, criminals and those with incorrect papers. The player must correctly allow and not allow people in to the country within a set amount of time. Each mistake a player makes is 5 credits off their earned money at the end of the day. The money earned at the end of the day is based on how many people have been correctly finished. The player must pay for the officer's family, food and heating. The player can choose to not pay for any of them, which results in something happening to the family.

paragraphs: Lucas Pope created this game, He used to work for Naughty Dog. After working on the "Uncharted" games, he left to become an indie developer. He started work on it in November 2012, but it took longer then Pope thought, and was finished in nine months. It was put on green light on April 11, 2013 and was greenlit on May 1.

paragraphs: "Papers, Please" has been thanked for its sense of immersion. CBC News' Jonathan Ore called "Papers, Please" a "nerve-racking sleuthing game with relentless pacing and dozens of compelling characters – all from a desk job".

paragraphs: Some critics however reacted badly to the paperwork gameplay. Stephanie Bendixsen from the ABC game review show "Good Game" found the game "tedious", commenting "while I found the issues that arose from the decisions you are forced to make quite interesting, I was just so bored that I just struggled to go from one day to the next. I was torn between wanting to find out more, and just wanting it all to stop."


title: ProSci Incorporated

paragraphs: ProSci Incorporated is an American biotechnology company located in San Diego, California that specializes in research antibody products and custom antibody services and conducts research and development of neutralizing antibodyagainst HIV-1 and other emergent viruses.

paragraphs: ProSci Incorporated was co-founded in 1998 by CEO, Yu Geng, M.D.

paragraphs: ProSci has its own animal facilities since 2010 solely in San Diego. The animal facility is United State Department of Agriculture (USDA) licensed and National Institute of Health (NIH) assured and close to the company headquarter, which ensures the capability and quality of antibody development, custom antibody services and research applications.

paragraphs: ProSci research programs include cancer bio marker discovery and neutralizing antibody development against emergent viruses such as HIV and influenza. ProSci’s innovative approach research using genetically engineered yeast strain and glycoproteins to mimic the HIV-1 glycan coat and develop neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1 glycans has been awarded several Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) grants by NIH. Its research projects have resulted in an invention patent granted by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, and a number of peer-reviewed publications.

paragraphs: ProSci specializes in the production of affinity-purified polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to novel targets in the fields such as apoptosis, HIV, infectious disease, immunology, immune checkpoint, signal transduction, cancer and neurobiology. To date, ProSci has a primary antibody catalog of over 20,000 antibodies. Other catalog items include blocking peptides, recombinant proteins, tissue and cell line slides and lysates.


title: Brown bear

paragraphs: The brown bear ("Ursus arctos") is a large bear living in much of northern Eurasia and North America. It is smaller than the polar bear, but is the largest carnivore which lives entirely on the land.

paragraphs: There are several recognized subspecies.

paragraphs: The brown bear's range has shrunk, but it is still listed as a least concern species by the IUCN. Its total population is about 200,000. As of 2012, this and the American black bear are the only bear species not classified as threatened by the IUCN. However, many of the southern Asian subspecies are highly endangered. The smallest subspecies, the Himalayan brown bear, is critically endangered. It lives in just 2% of its former range, and poachers hunt it for its parts. The Marsican brown bear in central Italy is believed to have a population of just 30 to 40 bears.

paragraphs: The brown bear's main range includes parts of Russia, Central Asia, China, Canada, the United States (mostly Alaska), Scandinavia and the Carpathian region (especially Romania), Anatolia, and Caucasus. The brown bear is a national and state animal in several European countries. It is the most widely distributed of all bears. Brown bears are omnivores. Brown bears are apex predators. They eat berries, apples, honey, fish, insects, worms, nuts, grasses, leaves, carrion, rodents and rabbits. Brown bears even eat hoofed animals such as deer, moose, reindeer, bison and sheeps.


title: The Chain of Generations Center

paragraphs: The Chain of Generations Center (מרכז שרשרת הדורות - Merkaz Sharsheret HaDorot) is an "art museum" at the Western Wall Plaza in the Jewish Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem beside the Western Wall which dedicated to the Jewish people history in Glasses. the "Chain of Generations Center" special exhibitions is located in a tunnel that runs several underground spaces, including works sculpted glass, light games, smoke, sound, holograms and archeological finds are. the museum was opened in 2006.


title: Western Wall Tunnel

paragraphs: Western Wall Tunnel are underground tunnel from different periods in history from the Western Wall to the Jewish Quarter under the Old City of Jerusalem. The complex of buildings from both medieval and modern era. Walking horizontal axis connects the chambers and tunnels, gives the visitor an experience of a journey along the historical timeline, and is considered one of the most popular tourist destinations in Israel.


title: Rezső Nyers

paragraphs: Rezső Nyers (21 March 1923 – 22 June 2018) was a former Hungarian politician. He served as Minister of Finance of Hungary from 1960 to 1962. For a few months in 1989, he was the country's last Communist leader serving as President of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party. Nyers died on 22 June 2018 at the age of 95 after a short illness.


title: Uday Hussein

paragraphs: Uday Saddam Hussein al-Tikriti () (June 1964 – 22 July 2003) was the oldest son of Saddam Hussein, the fifth President of Iraq. He had one younger brother named Qusay Hussein. For years, people thought that Uday would become the head of Iraq after his father died. However, Uday lost this place to Qusay for several reasons: because Uday was badly injured in an assassination attempt; because his behavior was often out of control; and because his relations with his family became more and more troubled.

paragraphs: Uday has been accused of many crimes, including rape, murder, and torture. Uday was imprisoned several times, exiled, and received a token death sentence by his father's regime. After the United States-led invasion of Iraq in 2003, Task force 20 killed Uday, Qusay, and Qusay's son Mustapha during a four-hour gunfight in Mosul.

paragraphs: Uday was born in Tikrit, Iraq, to Saddam Hussein and Sajida Talfah. Saddam was in prison for the first three years of Uday's life.

paragraphs: Uday graduated from high school with very high marks. He started university at Baghdad University College of Medicine, but he only lasted three days there. After that, he moved to the College of Engineering. Uday got a degree in engineering and graduated "summa cum laude" from Baghdad University. However, some of his professors later admitted that Uday barely managed to earn passing grades in many of his classes. They said he was given the honor of "summa cum laude", and the rank of valedictorian (ranking first out of 76 students) because he was the President's son.

paragraphs: Many sources say that Qusay was clearly Saddam's favorite son. When Uday was in his early 20s, Saddam wrote him a letter on official presidential letterhead. A classmate of Uday's and a bodyguard both said Saddam wrote something like "Don't be like your [mother's father], with no morals or principles."

paragraphs: In 1988, Uday became even more unpopular with his father. In October 1988, Saddam had a party for Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak's wife, Suzanne. At the party, in front of all the guests, Uday murdered his father's personal valet and food taster, Kamel Hana Gegeo. Uday beat Gegeo, and according to witnesses, stabbed him with an electric carving knife. Gegeo had recently introduced Saddam to a younger woman, Samira Shahbandar, who later became Saddam's second wife. Uday thought this was an insult to his mother. He also may have feared that Saddam would make Gegeo, not Uday, his heir.

paragraphs: As punishment for the murder, Saddam briefly imprisoned his son and sentenced him to death. However, Uday probably served only three months in a private prison. In response to personal intervention from King Hussein of Jordan, Saddam released Uday, banishing him to Switzerland as the assistant to the Iraqi ambassador there. He was expelled by the Swiss government in 1990 after he was repeatedly arrested for fighting.

paragraphs: Saddam later put Uday in charge of the Iraqi Olympic Committee and the Iraq Football Association. Uday tortured Olympic athletes who failed to win. He also became the editor of the "Babel" newspaper; the general secretary of the Iraqi Union of Students; and the head of the Fedayeen Saddam. Uday seemed proud of his reputation and called himself "Abu Sarhan", an Arabic term for "wolf".

paragraphs: In December 1996, somebody tried to assassinate Uday. Uday was driving at the time, and was hit by many bullets. He was permanently injured. At first, doctors thought he was paralyzed. He was evacuated to Ibn Sina Hospital. He had many surgeries, but a bullet was so close to his spinal cord that his doctors could not remove it. Eventually, he was able to walk, but not without a limp. Because of Uday's disabilities, Saddam gave Qusay more responsibility and authority, and named him as his heir apparent in 2000.

paragraphs: In a sign of loyalty to Saddam, Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri, who was vice president of the Revolutionary Command Council, agreed to let Uday marry his daughter. But al-Douri had so much influence over Saddam that he could make Saddam promise the marriage would never be consummated. (This means his daughter would never have to have sex with Uday.) However, soon after the marriage, because of Uday's violent and out-of-control behaviour, al-Douri quickly asked that his daughter be allowed to divorce Uday.

paragraphs: Uday loved luxury cars, especially European sports cars. He collected many hundreds of these cars. According to witnesses, Uday had thousands of suits, and each suit had to match the color of the car he was driving that day. When U.S.-led military forces were about to take over Baghdad, he ordered his bodyguards to burn the cars so the United States could not take them.

paragraphs: In 2002, Uday opened accounts with Yahoo! and MSN Messenger. This created controversy. At the time, the United States had trade sanctions against Iraq. This meant Iraq was not allowed to use American products. By using Yahoo! and MSN Messenger, Uday was violating these trade sanctions.

paragraphs: Uday also built up a large video collection, found in his palace in 2003. Many of the videos showed himself in both public and private situations.

paragraphs: Uday was accused of imprisoning, torturing, and even murdering athletes both men and women. As head of the Iraqi Olympic Committee, when Uday thought players did not play well enough, he ordered them to be tortured or sent to prison. According to many reports, torturers beat and caned the soles of the football players' feet. This caused severe pain without leaving visible marks on the rest of their bodies. Uday reportedly kept scorecards with written instructions on how many times each player should be beaten after a poor showing. One defector reported that jailed football players were forced to kick a concrete ball after failing to reach the 1994 FIFA World Cup finals.

paragraphs: Uday would insult athletes who performed below his expectations by calling them dogs and monkeys to their faces. The Iraqi national football team were seen with their heads shaved after failing to achieve a good result in a tournament in the 1980s. It was widely said that Uday ordered the shaving to punish the players.

paragraphs: Another defector claimed that athletes were dragged through a gravel pit and then put in a sewage tank so their wounds would become infected. After Iraq lost 4–1 to Japan in the quarter finals of the 2000 AFC Asian Cup in Lebanon, goalkeeper Hashim Hassan, defender Abdul Jaber, and forward Qahtan Chatir were labelled as guilty of loss and eventually flogged for three days by Uday's security guards.

paragraphs: Uday was well known for kidnapping young Iraqi girls and women from the streets in order to rape them. Uday was known to go into parties and pick out women whom he would later rape. "Time" published an article in 2003 detailing his sexual brutality.

paragraphs: For example, "Time" reported that in 1998, Uday kidnapped a 14-year-old girl, kept her for three days, and raped her. The girl's father kept complaining, in public, that Uday had raped his daughter. After three months, Uday sent two guards to threaten the girl's father. He also ordered the father to bring both his 14-year-old and 12-year-old daughters to Uday's next party. He told the girls' father: "Your daughters will be my girlfriends, or I'll wipe you off the face of the earth." The man obeyed, and brought both girls to the next party.

paragraphs: "Time" also reported that twice Uday showed up at weddings and took away the bride to rape. The first time, in the late 1990s, after Uday raped the bride, the groom shot himself in the head. The second time, in October 2002, Uday raped the bride, burned her body with acid, and killed her.

paragraphs: Uday was also well known for torturing anyone who disagreed with him. For example, he once beat an army officer unconscious when the man refused to allow Uday to dance with his wife. The man later died of his injuries. Uday also shot and killed an army officer who did not salute him.

paragraphs: Uday was reported to have his own private torture chamber. He used many different ways of torturing people, including an iron maiden.

paragraphs: According to a family friend who spoke to "Time" magazine:

paragraphs: Uday gained millions of United States dollars by running fake corporations and illegally trading with Iran (Iraq's sworn enemy). At this time, the United Nations did not allow Iraq to trade with other countries. By using fake corporations, Uday was able to get around this rule. From Iran, he was able to get almost anything he wanted.

paragraphs: When U.S. troops captured his mansion in Baghdad, they found a personal zoo with lions and cheetahs; an underground parking garage for his collection of luxury cars; Cuban cigars inscribed with Uday's name; and millions of dollars worth of fine wines, liquor, and heroin. They also found an HIV testing kit.

paragraphs: On 22 July 2003, Task Force 20 and the United States Army 101st Airborne Division raided a home in Mosul, Iraq. They surrounded Uday, Qusay, and Qusay's 14-year-old son, Mustapha. They had been told by an Iraqi that Uday and Qusay were in the home.

paragraphs: United States soldiers got Uday to show himself by hot-wiring Uday's Lamborghini. After Uday appeared, a gunfight started. As many as 200 American soldiers, along with OH-58 Kiowa helicopters and an A-10 "Warthog", surrounded and fired upon the house. They killed Uday, Qusay, and Qusay's son. After about four hours of battle, soldiers entered the house and found four bodies, including the Hussein brothers' bodyguard.

paragraphs: Dental records proved that two of the men killed in the house were Uday and Qusay, according to the United States Military. They also announced that the person who gave them the tip about where Uday and Qusay were staying would get a $30 million reward.

paragraphs: The United States Military released graphic pictures of the Hussein brothers' dead bodies. Many people said this was wrong. When criticized, the U.S. Military's response was to point out that these men were no ordinary combatants. The Military also said they released the pictures to prove that Uday and Qusay were dead, and that they hoped this would bring closure to the Iraqi people.

paragraphs: Uday was buried in a cemetery near Tikrit alongside Qusay and Mustapha Hussein. After his execution in 2006, Saddam Hussein was buried in the same cemetery.

paragraphs: That night, and several nights following Uday and Qusay Hussein's death, celebratory gunfire could be heard throughout Baghdad.

paragraphs: Uday has been portrayed in several movies and books. Latif Yahia has written three books about Uday: "I Was Saddam's Son"; "The Devil's Double"; and "The Black Hole". In these books, Yahia says he was forced to be a body double for Uday. "The Devil's Double" was made into a movie, starring Dominic Cooper as Uday. The National Geographic Channel also produced an episode of "Locked Up Abroad" that tells Lahia's story.

paragraphs: Uday was played by Philip Arditti in "House of Saddam."

paragraphs: In his book "Separation of Power", Vince Flynn describes Uday's behavior. In the book, the main character, Mitch Rapp, pretends to be Uday.


title: Reg Grundy

paragraphs: Reginald Roy "Reg" Grundy (4 August 1923 – 6 May 2016) was an Australian entrepreneur, and media and television mogul. He was one of the pioneers and most successful television businessman in Australia. He was born in Sydney.

paragraphs: He was also the creator of many TV hits starting with game shows like "Wheel of Fortune" and "Blankety Blanks" and later soap operas "Neighbours", "Prisoner", "Sons and Daughters" and "The Young Doctors".

paragraphs: Grundy died at his home in Bermuda on 6 May 2016, aged 92.


title: Riki Sorsa

paragraphs: Richard Esko "Riki" Sorsa (26 December 1952 – 9 May 2016) was a Finnish pop singer. He started his career in 1974 as the lead singer in the band The Zoo. He represented Finland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1981 with the song "Reggae OK".

paragraphs: Sorsa died of cancer on 10 May 2016, aged 63.


paragraphs: Anne Jules de Noailles, Duke of Noailles (5 February 1650 - 2 October 1708) was a French nobleman from the House of Noailles. A well regarded military man of his day, he was a general under King Louis XIV of France and was later the subject of a painting by the famous court painter Hyacinthe Rigaud.

paragraphs: Son of Anne de Noailles and his wife, Louise Boyer, he acceded to the title of Duke of Noailles on his father's death in 1678. He was married to Marie Françoise de Bournonville, with whom he had children. One of the chief generals of France towards the end of the reign of Louis XIV, and, after raising the regiment of Noailles in 1689, he commanded in Spain during both the Nine Years' War and the War of the Spanish Succession. He was made a marshal of France in 1693. He died on October 2, 1708.

paragraphs: Anne Jules de Noailles had many children


title: Guido van Rossum

paragraphs: Guido van Rossum (; born 31 January 1956) is a Dutch programmer. He is best known for making the Python programming language.


title: Ilkka Hanski

paragraphs: Ilkka Aulis Hanski (14 February 1953 – 10 May 2016) was a Finnish scientist. He worked in the field of ecology at the University of Helsinki. He is known for his research of metapopulation ecology.

paragraphs: Hanski died of a long-illness on 10 May 2016 at a hospital in Helsinki, aged 63.


title: Louis van Gasteren

paragraphs: Louis Alphonse van Gasteren (20 November 1922 – 10 May 2016) was a Dutch movie director, movie producer, and artist. He was born in Amsterdam. He was known for his movies "" (1983) and "De prijs van overleven" (2003). He won two Golden Calf Awards. His career began in the 1950s. At the time of his death, he was the oldest active filmmaker in the Netherlands.

paragraphs: Van Gasteren died in Amsterdam on 10 May 2016, aged 93.


title: Philippe Beaussant

paragraphs: Philippe Beaussant (6 May 1930 – 8 May 2016) was a French musicologist and novelist. He was expert on French baroque music. He was born in Bordeaux, France.

paragraphs: He was the founder of the Centre de Musique Baroque de Versailles. He was the artistic adviser of 1987 to 1996. He has also been a producer of musical programs for Radio France since 1974. He was known for writing the biography of Jean-Baptiste Lully, "Lully ou le musicien du soleil" (Éditions Gallimard, 1992).

paragraphs: Beaussant won the 1993 Grand Prix du roman de l'Académie française for his novel "Héloïse".

paragraphs: He was elected to seat 36 of the Académie française on 15 November 2007. He died in Paris on 8 May 2016, aged 86.


title: Motiur Rahman Nizami

paragraphs: Motiur Rahman Nizami (Bengali: মতিউর রহমান নিজামী; 31 March 1943 – 11 May 2016) was a Bangladeshi politician, preacher and the former leader of the Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami. He was the Member of Parliament of Pabna constituency from 1991 to 1996 and again from 2001 to 2006. He also served as the Bangladeshi Minister of Agriculture and Minister of Industry. He is the third minister of Bangladesh to be hanged.

paragraphs: On 29 October 2014 he was sentenced to death for war crimes in 1971 liberation war of Bangladesh by the International Crimes Tribunal of Bangladesh. It has been though that he was the supreme commander of the militia group Al-Badr during the Bangladesh Liberation War.

paragraphs: He was hanged at Dhaka Central Jail on 11 May 2016, aged 73.


title: Adrien Maurice de Noailles, Duke of Noailles

paragraphs: Adrien Maurice de Noailles, (3rd) Duke of Noailles (29 September 1678 – 24 June 1766) was a French aristocrat and soldier. He also acted as the Foreign Minister of France in 1744. As a result of his efforts in war he was created a 1702, a Grandee of Spain in 1711, and a Knight of the Order of Saint-Esprit in 1724. As well as a Marshal of France in 1734 by Louis XV.

paragraphs: Son of Anne Jules de Noailles, Duke of Noailles on his father's death in 1708. He married Françoise Charlotte d'Aubigné, the niece and heiress of Louis XIV's wife Madame de Maintenon, with whom he had 4 daughters and 2 sons.


title: Gilles Lamontagne

paragraphs: Joseph-Georges-Gilles-Claude Lamontagne (; April 17, 1919 – June 14, 2016) was a Canadian retired politician. He served as the 24th Lieutenant Governor of Quebec from March 28, 1984 through August 9, 1990. Before, he served as Mayor of Quebec City from December 1, 1965 through December 1, 1977. He retired in 1990.

paragraphs: Lamontagne was born in Montreal. He fought during World War II. Lamontagne fought as a bomber pilot in the Royal Canadian Air Force. He ended his air force service in the rank of flight lieutenant in 1945. In 1949, he married Mary Schaefer. They would remain married until her death in 2006. They had four children.

paragraphs: In 1990, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada. In 2000, he was made a Knight of the National Order of Quebec and in 2005, a member of l'Ordre des Grands Québécois. He is an honorary member of the Royal Military College of Canada.

paragraphs: Lamontagne died on June 14, 2016 in Quebec City, aged 97.


title: Kanyakumari

paragraphs: Kanyakumari is the town in Tamil Nadu of India where two seas and an ocean joins together. It is the southern tip of India. This town along with the some areas which was now occupied by the Indian Ocean was known as "Kumarikkandam"[குமரிக்கண்டம்], . This is a place that was predicted by Tamilians as the place where the first man and Tamil language originated. The coastal town Kanyakumari has the Thiruvalluvar statue.


title: Petrykivka painting

paragraphs: Petrykivka painting is a traditional Ukrainian decorative painting. It originates from the Petrykivka village in Dnipropetrovsk oblast of Ukraine.

paragraphs: In 2013 it was included to the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.


title: Pesse

paragraphs: Pesse is a village located in the Dutch province of Drenthe in the Netherlands. The Pesse canoe is known as the world's oldest boat is located in Pesse.


title: John Stabb

paragraphs: Jonathan Dukes "John" Schroeder (July 12, 1961 – May 7, 2016) was an American rock musician. He was born in Washington, D.C.. He was raised in Rockville, Maryland. He was best known as the founding member of Government Issue.

paragraphs: On May 7, 2016, Stabb died of stomach cancer at age 54.


title: Nico de Bree

paragraphs: Nico de Bree (16 September 1944 – 6 May 2016) was a Dutch footballer. He played as a goalkeeper. De Bree started his professional career at local club Elinkwijk. He moved to N.E.C. in 1966.

paragraphs: After playing 204 matches for the Nijmegen club, he moved to play in Belgium and won the 1975 league title with RWDM. He won the 1978 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup with Anderlecht. He also played for Winterslag and Beerschot.

paragraphs: He died of cancer in Vienna on 6 May 2016, aged 71.


title: Gene Gutowski

paragraphs: Gene Gutowski, born as Witold Bardach, (July 26, 1925 in Lwów, Poland, now Ukraine – May 10, 2016 Warsaw) was a Polish-born American movie producer. He produced many of Roman Polanski's movies. He was known for producing "The Pianist", "The Fearless Vampire Killers", "Cul-de-sac".

paragraphs: Gutowski died of pneumonia in Warsaw, Poland on May 10, 2016, aged 90.


title: Acetylcholinesterase

paragraphs: Acetylcholinesterase is an enzyme found in nerve synapses, including nerve-to-muscle junctions. Its function is to end transmission across a synapse.

paragraphs: It breaks up neurotransmitters like acetylcholine, and allows us to extend our muscles after contraction.


title: John Warr

paragraphs: John James Warr (16 July 1927 – 9 May 2016) was an English cricketer. He was a successful county player for Middlesex County Cricket Club. He played two Test matches for England. With his Test bowling average remains the worst of any retired English player. Warr was known for his sense of humour and made many humorous after dinner speeches. He was born in Ealing, Middlesex, England,


title: John Young (baseball)

paragraphs: John Thomas Young (February 9, 1949 – May 8, 2016) was an American professional baseball player. He also scouted and worked in the front office. Young played in Major League Baseball for the Detroit Tigers in 1971. He founded Reviving Baseball in Inner Cities (RBI), a youth baseball program aimed at increasing participation among African Americans in baseball. He was born in Los Angeles, California.

paragraphs: Young died in Los Angeles, California from diabetes on May 8, 2016, aged 67.


title: Karl Maramorosch

paragraphs: Karl Maramorosch (January 16, 1915 – May 9, 2016) was an Austrian-born American virologist, entomologist and plant pathologist. He was born in Vienna, and of Jewish descent.

paragraphs: He got his Ph.D. at Columbia University.

paragraphs: He made research on viruses, mycoplasmas, rickettsiae and other micro-organisms and their transmission to plants through insect in many parts of the world.

paragraphs: He was the co-author of a textbook on techniques in virology. He was the author of numerous papers on the biology and ecology of plant viruses, their hosts and vectors. He received the Wolf Prize in Agriculture in 1980 for his work to the study of crop pathogens.

paragraphs: Maramorosch died in Ithaca, New York on May 9, 2016, aged 101.


title: John Bradshaw (author)

paragraphs: John Elliot Bradshaw (; (June 29, 1933 – May 8, 2016) was an American educator, counselor, motivational speaker and author. He hosted a number of PBS television programs such as "". He was active in the self-help movement. He was known for creating the idea of "wounded inner child" and the dysfunctional family. His books are mainly works of popular psychology. His most popular book is "". He was born in Houston, Texas.

paragraphs: On May 8, 2016, Bradshaw died of heart failure in Houston at the age of 82.


title: Michael Ratner

paragraphs: Michael Ratner (1943 – May 11, 2016) was an American lawyer. He was the President Emeritus of the Center for Constitutional Rights (CCR) and president of the European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights (ECCHR). Ratner was known for his human rights activism.

paragraphs: He was known as representing the Guantanamo Bay prisoners in the United States Supreme Court, where, in June 2004, the court decided his clients have the right to test the legality of their detentions in court.

paragraphs: Ratner died from complications of cancer on May 11, 2016, aged 72.


title: Tony Cozier

paragraphs: Winston Anthony Lloyd "Tony" Cozier (10 July 1940 – 11 May 2016) was a Barbadian cricket writer. He was a commentator on West Indian cricket from 1958 until his death. Cozier was described as having an "encyclopaedic" knowledge of cricket. Cozier was born in Bridgetown, Barbados. He was known for his knowledge of statistics.

paragraphs: Cozier died on 11 May 2016 in Bridgetown from a long-illness, aged 75.


title: Peter Behrens (musician)

paragraphs: Peter Behrens (4 September 1947 – 11 May 2016) was a German drummer, actor, musician and clown. Behrens was best known for being a member of the German band Trio in the early 1980s, where he played the drums. After Trio ended in 1986, and after overcoming alcoholism and a drug problem he retired.

paragraphs: Behrens had two children. He died on 11 May 2016 from multiple organ failure in Wilhelmshaven, Germany, aged 68.


title: The Destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah

paragraphs: The Destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah is a painting by John Martin (1789-1854). Martin painted it in 1852.

paragraphs: John Martin was famous for painting landscapes in the style of Romanticism. He painted pictures of the end of the world and events from the Bible.

paragraphs: "The Destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah" was the last painting that Martin finished. He completed it in 1852 and sent it to the Royal Academy. In 1853 he started to paint "The Last Judgment", "The Great Day of His Wrath", and "The Plains of Heaven", but he became sick. He died the next year.

paragraphs: The painting shows the destruction of the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah from the Bible. The picture shows Lot and his two daughters running from the city. Lot's wife looked back and became a pillar of salt. The painting has a red color and a storm in the sky, typical of Martin's work.

paragraphs: "The Destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah" is in the Laing Art Gallery in Newcastle, England.


title: Anne van den Ban

paragraphs: Anne Willem van den Ban (28 February 1928 — 7 May 2016) was a Dutch scholar. His work is on Agricultural Extension. He was born in Leeuwarderadeel. He taught on how innovations can help farmers produce more crops. He helped create many new ways for farmers to produce crops in The Netherlands.

paragraphs: Van den Ban was an adviser to the Executive Council of the International Society for Extension Education (INSEE). He received a Life Time Achievement Award in September 2008 for his ""outstanding contribution in the field of Extension Education, Agricultural Development and Rural Development"". from this organization

paragraphs: Van den Ban died at the age of 88 on 7 May 2016 in Wageningen.


title: Subnautica

paragraphs: Subnautica is an open world survival game made by Unknown Worlds Entertainment. "Subnautica" lets the player explore the sea of an alien planet by scuba diving, or using vehicles. They must collect resources and food to survive.. It came out on Steam Early Access on December 2014, and is currently being made for Xbox One. The full version is planned to come out for August 2016.

paragraphs: The player in a first-person view controls the lone survivor of a crashed ship. The objective is to explore the planet and collect resources to survive, the player must make sure to not run out of oxygen and keep fed and hydrated. The player can create bases and build vehicles. The game uses a day and night cycle.

paragraphs: The universe of "Subnautica" takes place in the 22nd century.

paragraphs: Player is the lone survivor of the crash of the Aurora on a planet designated 4546B. The Aurora is a vessel owned by the Alterra corporation. The Aurora’s primary mission was to build a high speed “Phasegate” to enable travel. Its secret mission was to locate the fate of another vessel called the Degasi, which crashed on the same planet many years prior.

paragraphs: After crashing into planet 4546B, the player sets out to explore unknown buildings and biomes in the ocean. While exploring planet 4546B, the player discovers an abandoned alien facility, which the player finds an abundant information about the planet. As the player finds crewman logs and alien archives, they discover the Aurora was shot down by an ancient alien quarantine facility to contain a virulent fatal bacteria known as “Kharaa”. Since the player becomes infected by Kharaa, they cannot deactivate the quarantine protocols. Eventually, the player is contacted by a telepathic being, a Sea Emperor Leviathan. The Sea Emperor explains what the Precursor aliens were attempting to do to find a cure for Kharaa. The Sea Emperor Leviathans produce an enzyme, designated “Enzyme 42”, but adults do not produce enough to be effective. The Precursors died before they could discover the required ingredients necessary to allow the hatching of young Sea Emperors.

paragraphs: The Sea Emperor was unable to communicate with the Precursors. Since it can communicate with Humans, it asks the player to aide it in collecting the ingredients to hatch their eggs. Once the player completes this task, the player is cured and is able to build a rocket to escape the planet, ending the game.

paragraphs: "Subnautica" was announced by Unknown Worlds Entertainment on December 17, 2013.

paragraphs: They used Unity rather then Spark which they used for Natural Selection 2.

paragraphs: The development team chose to not include lethal weapons in the game. Charlie Cleveland, the game's director, described "Subnautica" as "one vote towards a world with less guns,".

paragraphs: Ian Birnbaum of "PC Gamer" said "Subnautica" was an "underwater "Minecraft"", saying that "with an experienced developer at the helm and a limitless variety of the oceans to play with, it’s going to take a lot for "Subnautica" to go badly wrong. As the toolbox gets deeper and the shape of the end-game gets set, "Subnautica" will be a unique example of the ways survival can be tense, rewarding, and fun." Marsh Davies of "Rock, Paper, Shotgun" liked the rewarding nature of exploring the world of "Subnautica", but disliked that some of the in-game recipes were found by chance.


title: Louis de Noailles

paragraphs: Louis de Noailles, 4th Duke of Noailles (21 April 1713 in Versailles – 22 August 1793 in Saint-Germain-en-Laye) He was a member of the influential House of Noailles and was a nephew of Marie Victoire de Noailles, daughter-in-law of Louis XIV of France. He refused to emigrate during the Revolution.

paragraphs: Given the title of Duke of Ayen at birth he was born in Versailles and was one of six children. His father Adrien Maurice de Noailles was a distinguished military man of the reign of Louis XIV. Louis' mother was Françoise Charlotte d'Aubigné, the niece and heiress of Madame de Maintenon (Louis XIV's second "secret" wife)

paragraphs: On 25 February 1737 he married "Cathérine" Françoise Charlotte de Cossé, with whom he had four children


title: Automatic Identification System

paragraphs: Automatic Identification System (AIS) is a way for a ship to use a radio to tell other ships about it's position. It sends messages every few seconds. These are received other ships and by stations on land and on some satellites. A ship knows its position by using Global Positioning System (GPS). Since 2004, all ships above 300 tons and all passenger ships have to use AIS. AIS was made to avoid ships colliding.


title: Rockcrawling

paragraphs: Rock crawling is an extreme form of off-road driving. Participants use vehicles anywhere from stock to highly modified to overcome obstacles (usually rocks). In rock crawling, drivers drive highly modified four-wheel drive vehicles such as trucks, Jeeps, and "buggies" over very harsh terrain. Driving locations include boulders, mountain foothills, rock piles, mountain trails, etc.

paragraphs: Rock crawling is about slow-speed, careful and precise driving, and high torque generated through large gear reductions in the vehicle's drivetrain. Rock crawlers often drive up, down and across obstacles that would appear impassable. Most vehicles used to rock climb are primarily 4x4s.

paragraphs: Rock crawling competitions range from local events to national series. A rock crawling competition consists of obstacle courses that are about long. Each obstacle is set up with gates, similar to a ski course. Usually a spotter (person who guides the driver) helps the driver through hard obstacles. Spotters may also use a rope to help prevent a vehicle from tipping over.

paragraphs: Vehicles commonly used include Jeep, Nissan Patrol, Toyota Land Cruiser, Land Rover, Ford Bronco, Suzuki Samurai, International Harvester Scout. Also, vehicles like the Mercedes Unimog due to its portal axles and greatly increased ground clearance. These vehicles are outfitted with custom parts. Power is usually not an issue, as rock crawlers typically lower their gear ratios in order to drive more slowly over obstacles without stalling the engine. These custom parts can include:

paragraphs: Oversized, low-pressure, knobby, mud-terrain tires are used. Most vehicles have a low-geared transfer case to make the most torque in the low speeds used for rock crawling. Suspension-wise, rock crawling vehicles sometimes have aftermarket lift kits installed, raising the chassis and increasing suspension flexibility. Highly modified rock crawling vehicles are less suitable for driving on roads and highways.

paragraphs: Building a dedicated rock crawler can cost a lot of money. For rock crawling competitions, getting a sponsor can help to cover some of these costs.


title: Nagapattinam

paragraphs: Nagapattinam is a town and headquarters of Nagapattinam District in Tamil Nadu state of India. One of the town which was severely hit by the 2004 tsunami.

paragraphs: As Nagapattinam is nearby the sea, the main occupation of the people here is Fishing.


title: Anne de Noailles, Duke of Noailles

paragraphs: Anne de Noailles, (1st) Duke of Noailles (born after 1613 - 15 February 1678) was a French noble whose two sons bought the House of Noailles to prominence at the French royal court. Prior to being created a duke in 1663, he was a count.

paragraphs: A son of François de Noailles who was created the "Count of Ayen" in 1663. He was eventually created the Duke of Noailles during the reign of Louis XIV in 1663.

paragraphs: 13 December 1645 he married Louise Boyer with whom he had six children with;


title: Elisa Mainardi

paragraphs: Elisa Mainardi (27 July 1930 – 8 May 2016) was an Italian stage, movie and television actress. She was born in Rome. She was known for her roles in "Fellini Satyricon", "Roma", and "And the Ship Sails On". Mainardi was also known for being in movies directed by Federico Fellini.

paragraphs: Mainardi died in Rome, Italy on 8 May 2016, aged 85.


title: Prince Alexander of Yugoslavia (born 1924)

paragraphs: Prince Alexander of Yugoslavia ("Aleksandar Pavlov Karađorđević"; 13 August 1924 – 12 May 2016) was the elder son of Prince Paul. His father served as Regent of Yugoslavia in the 1930s, and his wife, Princess Olga of Greece and Denmark.

paragraphs: He was born in White Lodge, Richmond Park, Surrey.

paragraphs: Alexander married Princess Maria Pia of Savoy, daughter of King Umberto II of Italy in 1955. Alexander and Maria Pia divorced in 1967.

paragraphs: On 17 February 2008, Alexander said that he did not support the declaration of independence by Kosovo.

paragraphs: Alexander died on 12 May 2016 in Paris, aged 91.


title: Joe Temperley

paragraphs: Joe Temperley (20 September 1929 – 11 May 2016) was a Scottish saxophonist. He has performed with many instruments but is most associated with the baritone saxophone and bass clarinet. He was born in Lochgelly, Scotland. Temperley played with The Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Orchestra, but most famously with Jazz at Lincoln Center Orchestra.

paragraphs: Temperley suffered from cancer and died on 11 May 2016 in Manhattan, New York from kidney failure.


title: Arrondissement of Nantua

paragraphs: The arrondissement of Nantua is an arrondissement of France in the Ain department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. Its capital is the city of Nantua.

paragraphs: When the Ain department was created on 1800, the "arrondissement" of Nantua was part of that original department.

paragraphs: It is found in the northern half of the department with an area of . It has 84,640 inhabitants and a density of inhabitants/km².

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Nantua is bordered to the north by the Jura department, to the northeast by the "arrondissement" of Gex, to the east by the Haute-Savoie department, to the south by the "arrondissement" of Belley and to the west by the "arrondissement" of Bourg-en-Bresse.

paragraphs: After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements".

paragraphs: In the "arrondissement" of Nantua, there are only 2 cantons whose "communes" are in the "arrondissement": Nantua (18 "communes") and Oyonnax (2 "communes"). The canton of Bellegarde-sur-Valserine has 1 "commune" in the "arrondissement" of Belley, 2 in the "arrondissement" of Gex and 11 in the "arrondissement" of Nantua; the canton of Hauteville-Lompnes has 29 "communes" in Belley and 12 in Nantua; and the canton of Pont-d'Ain has 4 "communes" in the "arrondissement" of Bourg-en-Bresse and 20 in Nantua.

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Nantua has 65 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː

paragraphs: The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are:


title: Del Latta

paragraphs: Delbert Leroy "Del" Latta (March 5, 1920 – May 12, 2016) was an American politician. He served as member of the United States House of Representatives from 1959 through 1989. He was a Republican. He was born in Weston, Ohio.

paragraphs: Latta died in Bowling Green, Ohio on May 12, 2016, aged 96.


title: Claw of Archimedes

paragraphs: The Claw of Archimedes (also known as the "Iron Hand") was an ancient weapon. It was designed by Archimedes to defend the seaward part of Syracuse's city wall against amphibious assault. Although its exact nature is unclear, the accounts of ancient historians seem to describe it as a sort of crane equipped with a grappling hook. Apparently it was able to lift an attacking ship partly out of the water to capsize or suddenly drop it.


title: Bowling Green, Ohio

paragraphs: Bowling Green is a city in and the county seat of Wood County, Ohio, United States. The population was 30,028 at the 2010 census. It is near Toledo, Ohio. Bowling Green is the home of Bowling Green State University.


title: Yukio Ninagawa

paragraphs: Ninagawa died of pneumonia at a hospital in Tokyo on May 12, 2016, aged 80.


title: Muhammad Abdul Wahhab

paragraphs: Haji Muhammad Abdul Wahhab (, "Ḥājī Muḥammad ‘Abdul-Wahhāb"; (January 1, 1923 – November 18, 2018) was a Muslim preacher of Islam and the "Ameer" of Tablighi Jamaat in Pakistan. He played an important role in the Tablighi Jamaat movement.

paragraphs: Wahhab was born in Delhi, India. He studied at Islamia College in Lahore.

paragraphs: In October 2013 it was reported that Haji Abdul Wahhab was suggested to head a Loya Jirga in preparation for peace talks with the Pakistani Taliban.

paragraphs: Wahhab died from complications of dengue fever on November 18, 2018 at the age of 95.


title: Yusuf al-Qaradawi

paragraphs: Yusuf al-Qaradawi (; or "Yusuf al-Qardawi"; born 9 September 1926) is an Egyptian-born Qatari Islamic theologian. He spent most of his life in Doha, Qatar. He is the chairman of the International Union of Muslim Scholars.

paragraphs: He is best known for his programme, "al-Sharīʿa wa al-Ḥayāh" ("Sharia and Life"), broadcast on Al Jazeera, which has an audience of 60 million worldwide. He is also well known for IslamOnline, a popular website he helped found in 1997 and for which he now serves as chief religious scholar.


title: Catalogue of the Archbishops of Gniezno

paragraphs: Catalogue of the Archbishops of Gniezno is a Polish manuscript.


title: Hal Riney

paragraphs: Hal Patrick Riney (17 July 1932 – 24 March 2008) was an American advertising executive. He was born in Seattle, Washington. He was the founder of Publicis & Hal Riney. Riney was named #30 on the "Advertising Age" 100 people of the 20th century. He was added into the Advertising Hall of Fame in 2001. He was mostly known as for narrating Ronald Reagan's 1984 re-election ads "Morning in America" and "Bear in the Woods".

paragraphs: Riney died at age 75 on 24 March 2008 from cancer at his home in San Francisco, California, aged 75.


title: Bear in the woods

paragraphs: A television commercial known for its opening line "There is a bear in the woods" was created for the 1984 U.S. presidential re-election campaign of Ronald Reagan.

paragraphs: The commercial shows a grizzly bear wandering through a forest. The narrator of the ad, Hal Riney, talks about how the bear could be dangerous and that it would be smart to be prepared for that possibility. In the final scene a man appears and the bear takes a step back. The ad ends with a picture of Reagan and the tagline: "President Reagan: Prepared for Peace".

paragraphs: The bear could have either signified with the massive inflation the United States was facing, Democratic challenger Walter Mondale or the growing tensions of the Soviet Union and the Cold War.

paragraphs: Reagan was elected in a massive landslide in the 1984 elections winning 49 of the 50 states.


title: Arrondissement of Gex

paragraphs: The arrondissement of Gex is an arrondissement of France in the Ain department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. Its capital is the city of Gex. It corresponds approximately to the historical region of the Pays de Gex.

paragraphs: When the Ain department was created on 1800, the "arrondissement" of Gex was not part of that original department; the "arrondissement" was created in 1815. In 1926, the "arrondissement" was eliminated but in 1933 it became again an "arrondissement" of the Ain department.

paragraphs: It is found in the northeastern part of the department with an area of , the smallest "arrondissement" of the department. It has 89,200 inhabitants and a density of inhabitants/km².

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Gex is bordered to the north and northwest by the Jura department, to the northeast and east by Switzerland, to the southeast by the Haute-Savoie department and to the southwest by the "arrondissement" of Nantua.

paragraphs: After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements".

paragraphs: In the "arrondissement" of Gex, there are 3 cantons whose "communes" are in the "arrondissement": Gex (7 "communes"), Saint-Genis-Pouilly (4 "communes") and Thoiry (16 "communes"). The canton of Bellegarde-sur-Valserine has 1 "commune" in the "arrondissement" of Belley, 2 in Gex and 11 in the "arrondissement" of Nantua.

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Gex has 27 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː

paragraphs: The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are:


title: Oscar Malapitan

paragraphs: Oscar Malapitan is a Filipino politician. He is the mayor of Caloocan City. He helped to make Caloocan the most competitive city in the Philippines.


title: Jemaa el-Fnaa

paragraphs: Jamaa el Fna (Arabic: ساحة جامع الفناء "saaHat jamaaʻ al-fanâʼ", also Jemaa el-Fnaa, Djema el-Fna or Djemaa el-Fnaa) is a famous square in Old city of Marrakesh, Morocco.

paragraphs: On April 28, 2011 an explosion originated at the cafe "Aragana" in the square. 17 people were killed while 25 were wounded in the blast. According to local media reports, one source of the blast was a gas pipe.


title: Differential (mechanical device)

paragraphs: A differential is a mechanical device made up of several gears. It is used in almost all mechanized four-wheel vehicles. It is used to transmit the power from the driveshaft to the drive wheels. Its main function is to allow the drive wheels to turn at different rpms allowing the wheels to go around corners while still receiving power from the engine.

paragraphs: Torsen- same end effect as limited slip but doesn't use clutches or have the hesitation to do it


title: Obstacle course

paragraphs: An obstacle course is a series of obstacles a person, vehicle or team must navigate. This is usually while being timed. Obstacle courses can include running, climbing, jumping, crawling, swimming, and balanceing with the aim of testing speed and endurance. Sometimes a course involves mental tests. In an off-road obstacle course, the driver is presented with a variety of different terrain to get over, around or through.

paragraphs: The military/Army obstacle course is used (mostly in recruit training). The purpose is to familiarize recruits with the kind of military tactics they will use in combat. It is also for physical fitness, building teamwork, and evaluating problem solving skills. Typical courses involve obstacles the participants must climb over, crawl under, balance, hang, jump, etc. Puddles of muddy water, ropes, nets, and "no touch" restrictions are often used to make the course more difficult.

paragraphs: Off-road obstacle courses may be set up with a variety of different challenging situations. More common obstacles are hills, rockcrawling gates, log crawls, and mud pits. Some include underground tunnels, balance beams and water slides. Others are for the purposes of teaching high-speed driving on unimproved roads. Features include different kinds of turns, changes in elevation, navigating high speed straightaways and maneuvering vehicles through tight S-turns (so called because from above they resemble a letter "s").


title: Furcula

paragraphs: The furcula ("little fork" in Latin) is commonly called the wishbone. It is a forked bone in birds and

paragraphs: It is a strut between a bird's shoulders, and connects to each of the bird's scapulae (shoulder blades). A strut is a structure which resists compression (pushing together) along its length.

paragraphs: It is formed by the fusion of the two clavicles (shoulder blades). In birds, its main function is to strengthen the thoracic skeleton to withstand the forces of flight.

paragraphs: X-ray films of starlings in flight have shown that the furcula expands when the wings are pulled downward, and snaps back as they are raised. Acting like a spring, the furcula stores some of the energy generated by contraction of the breast muscles. Then it releases the energy during the upstroke as the furcula snaps back to the normal position. This, in turn, draws the shoulders toward the midline of the body.

paragraphs: Surprisingly, the furcula is not essential for flying, and there are a number of birds which can fly well, but have a reduced furcula, or none at all.

paragraphs: Several groups of theropod dinosaurs had furculae.


title: Wilfredo León

paragraphs: Wilfredo León Venero (born 31 July 1993) is a Cuban volleyball player with Polish citizenship (since July 14, 2015), a member of Cuba men's national volleyball team in 2007–2012 and Russian club Zenit Kazan, silver medalist of the World Championship 2010, NORCECA Champion (2009, 2011), Cuban Champion (2009, 2010, 2011), Russian Champion (2015, 2016).


title: Bartosz Kurek

paragraphs: Bartosz Kamil Kurek (born 29 August 1988) is a Polish volleyball player, a member of Poland men's national volleyball team and Japanese club JT Thunders Hiroshima, a participant of the 2012 Summer Olympics, 2009 European Champion, a gold medalist of the 2012 World League, a silver medalist of the 2011 World Cup, a bronze medalist of the 2011 World League, 2011 European Championship and 2015 World Cup, three-time Polish Champion (2009, 2010, 2011) and Italian Champion (2014).


title: Frans Jeppsson Wall

paragraphs: Frans Jeppsson Wall (born 19 December 1998), more commonly known as Frans, is a Swedish singer and songwriter. He won Melodifestivalen 2016 and will represent Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 2016 in Stockholm, Sweden with the song "If I Were Sorry". He is of both English and Nigerian descent.


title: Eurovision Song Contest 2016

paragraphs: The Eurovision Song Contest 2016 was the 61st edition of the Eurovision Song Contest. It was held in Stockholm, Sweden in May 2016. Forty two countries participated, and Australia participated for the second time. The winner was Jamala with the song 1944 representing Ukraine.

paragraphs: People around the world watched the contest on television, and people in the participating countries could vote on their telephones for their favourite song. Each country added up their votes, and gave 1-8, 10 and 12 points to their favourite countries.


title: Arrondissement of Bourg-en-Bresse

paragraphs: The arrondissement of Bourg-en-Bresse is an arrondissement of France in the Ain department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. Its capital, and the prefecture of the department, is the city of Bourg-en-Bresse.

paragraphs: When the Ain department was created on 1800, the "arrondissement" of Bourg-en-Bresse was part of that original department.

paragraphs: It is found in the western half of the department with an area of , the largest "arrondissement" of the department. It is the "arrondissement" with more people living in it, with 354,177 inhabitants and a density of inhabitants/km².

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Bourg-en-Bresse is bordered to the northwest by the Saône-et-Loire department, to the northeast by the Jura department, to the west by the "arrondissements" of Nantua and Belley, and to the southwest by the Rhône department.

paragraphs: After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements".

paragraphs: In the "arrondissement" of Bourg-en-Bresse, there are 12 cantons whose "communes" are in the "arrondissement":

paragraphs: The canton of Lagnieu has 22 "communes" in the "arrondissement" of Belley and 4 in the "arrondissement" of Bourg-en-Bresse; and the canton of Pont-d'Ain has 4 "communes" in Bourg-en-Bresse and 20 in the "arrondissement" of Nantua.

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Bourg-en-Bresse has 201 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː

paragraphs: The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are:


title: Arrondissements of the Ain department

paragraphs: There are 4 arrondissements in the Ain department. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into "arrondissements", which may be translated into English as districts (in some cases, as boroughs). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.

paragraphs: If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.

paragraphs: Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

paragraphs: Since its creation, the Ain department has had some changes:


title: Mustafa Badreddine

paragraphs: Mustafa Badreddine, (; 6 April 1961 – c. 12 May 2016), also known as Mustafa Badr Al Din, Mustafa Amine Badreddine, Mustafa Youssef Badreddine, Sami Issa and Elias Fouad Saab, was a Lebanese military leader. He was a member of Hezbollah. He both the cousin and brother-in-law of late Imad Mugniyah. He was nicknamed Dhu al-Fiqar.

paragraphs: Badreddine escaped from the prison in 1990 during the invasion of Kuwait or the Iraqis released the imprisoned Badreddine and the others.

paragraphs: On 12 May 2016, it was said that Badreddine had been killed by an explosion causes by an airstrike near the Damascus International Airport. The cause and timing of which is unclear.


title: Rodrigo Espíndola

paragraphs: Rodrigo Federico Espíndola (29 July 1989 – 13 May 2016) was an Argentine professional footballer. He played for Chacarita Juniors, Racing Club and most notably Nueva Chicago. He played as a defender. He was born in Monte Grande, Argentina. He began his career in 2009.

paragraphs: Espíndola died on 13 May 2016 after being shot during a robbery in Monte Grande, Argentina, aged 26.


paragraphs: Jean François de Noailles, Marquis of Noailles 28 August 1658 - 23 June 1692) was a French nobleman and was known by his title of "Marquis of Noailles" ("marquis de Noailles") He was a member of the influential House of Noailles. He was also a ""Maréchal de camp""

paragraphs: Noailles married Marguerite Thérèse Rouillé in 1687 and had two daughters.


paragraphs: École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées Bretagne is a renowned graduate engineering school in France.

paragraphs: Its different curricula lead to the following French & European degrees :

paragraphs: Academic activities and industrial applied research are performed mainly in French and English languages. Students from a dozen of nationalities participate to the different curricula at ENSTA Bretagne. It is in Brest.

paragraphs: Most of the 900 graduate engineer students at ENSTA Bretagne live in dedicated residential buildings nearby research labs and metro public transports.

paragraphs: Research activities at ENSTA Bretagne relate to the following topics:


title: Madeleine Carroll

paragraphs: Edith Madeleine Carroll (20 February 1906 – 2 October 1987) was an English and American actress. At the peak of her success, she (at that time) was the highest paid actress in the world. She earned just over $250,000 in 1938. She acted in movies and radio. She starred in several Alfred Hitchcock thrillers including "The 39 Steps" (1935) and "Secret Agent". She also played Gail in "Honeymoon in Bali" (1939).

paragraphs: Carroll was born in West Bromwich, England. She died from pancreatic cancer at age 81 in Marbella, Spain.


title: Gertrude Lawrence

paragraphs: Gertrude Lawrence (4 July 1898 – 6 September 1952) was an English actress, singer, dancer and musical theater performer. She appeared on stage in Broadway, New York City and West End, London.

paragraphs: Lawrence was in the children's play "Where the Rainbow Ends". She also acted in "The King and I". She won a Tony Award for that performance. In 1928–29 she starred in the stage play "Treasure Girl".

paragraphs: Her best-known American movie role was in "The Glass Menagerie". She played Amanda Wingfield, who had a southern American accent.

paragraphs: On 16 August 1952, Lawrence fainted backstage. The doctors said she was suffering from hepatitis.

paragraphs: Lawrence was born in London, England. She died from abdominal and liver cancer in New York City at age 54.


title: Roll cage

paragraphs: A roll cage is a specially designed protective frame built in (or sometimes around) the passenger compartment of a vehicle. Generally made of welded steel tubing, a roll cage is a safety feature in the event of a rollover or crash. Roll cages are used mainly in auto racing and off-road sports such as rockcrawling. The roll cage also stiffens and adds strength to the vehicle which improves handling. When the cage is constructed on the outside of a vehicle it is usually called an "exo-cage".

paragraphs: There are many different roll cage designs depending on the application. Different racing organizations have differing requirements and regulations for roll cages. A roll bar is a single bar behind the driver that provides some protection. Due to the lack of a protective top, some modern convertibles use a strong windshield frame which acts as a roll bar. Also, a roll hoop may be placed behind both front headrests.

paragraphs: A newer form of rollover protection, pioneered on the Mercedes-Benz R129 in 1989, are hidden roll hoops. When sensors detect the vehicle is about to roll over, the roll hoops quickly extend and lock in place. Cars that have this kind of "deployable rollover protection" system include the Peugeot 307 CC, Volvo C70, Mercedes-Benz SL 500, and Jaguar XK.

paragraphs: Roll bars are also used historically on row crop tractors, and roll cages are common as part of the cab on modern tractors.

paragraphs: A roll cage is not just steel tubing welded together. It must be designed to hold the weight of the vehicle should it roll over or land upside down. A basic roll bar usually has 4 points of contact with the vehicle chassis. A typical roll cage may be an 8-point or more design. In many cases a roll cage designed for a particular car or truck may be purchased from a professional roll cage manufacturer. Kits are available which are easier to transport and must be welded together inside the vehicle.


title: Moab, Utah

paragraphs: Moab is a city in Grand County, in eastern Utah, United States. The population was 5,046 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat and largest city in Grand County. Moab attracts a large number of tourists every year. Many come to visit the nearby Arches and Canyonlands National Parks. The town is a popular base for mountain bikers who ride the large number of trails. It also attracts many off-roaders who come for the annual Easter Jeep Safari.

paragraphs: The Biblical name Moab refers to an area of land located on the eastern side of the Jordan River. Some historians believe the city in Utah came to use this name because of William Pierce, the first postmaster. He believed that the biblical Moab and this part of Utah were both "the far country". However, others believe the name has Paiute origins, referring to the word "moapa" meaning mosquito. Some of the area's early residents attempted to change the city's name because in the Christian Bible, Moabites are demeaned as being incestuous and idolatrous. One petition in 1890 had 59 signatures and requested a name change to Vina. Another effort attempted to change the name to Uvadalia. Both attempts failed.

paragraphs: During the period between 1829 and the early 1850s, the area around what is now Moab served as the Colorado River crossing along the Old Spanish Trail. Latter-day Saint settlers attempted to establish a trading post at the river crossing called "Elk Mountain Mission" in April 1855. The purpose was to trade with travellers attempting to cross the river. Forty men were called on this mission. There were repeated attacks by Native Americans, including one on September 23, 1855 in which James Hunt, companion to Peter Stubbs, was shot and killed. After this last attack, the fort was abandoned. A new round of settlers established a permanent settlement in 1878. Moab was incorporated as a town on December 20, 1902.

paragraphs: In 1883 the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad main line was built across eastern Utah. The rail line did not pass through Moab. Instead, it passed through the nearby towns of Thompson Springs and Cisco, to the north. Later, other places to cross the Colorado were constructed, such as Lee's Ferry, Navajo Bridge and Boulder Dam. These changes shifted the trade routes away from Moab. Moab farmers and merchants had to adapt from trading with passing travelers to shipping their goods to distant markets. Soon Moab's origins as one of the few natural crossings of the Colorado River were forgotten. Nevertheless, the U.S. military deemed the bridge over the Colorado River at Moab important enough to place it under guard as late as World War II.

paragraphs: In 1943, a former Civilian Conservation Corps camp outside Moab was used to confine Japanese American internees labeled "troublemakers" by authorities in the War Relocation Authority. The Moab Isolation Center for "noncompliant" Japanese Americans was created in response to growing resistance to WRA policies within the camps. A December 1942 clash between guards and inmates known as the "Manzanar Riot," in which two were killed and ten injured, was the final push. On January 11, 1943, the sixteen men who had initiated the two-day protests were transferred to Moab from the town jails where they had been locked up (without charges or access to hearings) after the Riot. Having closed just fifteen months prior, all 18 military-style structures of the CCC camp were in good condition. The site was converted to its new use with minimal renovation. 150 military police guarded the camp, and director Raymond Best and head of security Francis Frederick presided over the administration. On February 18, thirteen transfers from Gila River, Arizona were brought to Moab, and six days later, ten more arrived from Manzanar. An additional fifteen Tule Lake inmates were transferred on April 2. Most of these new arrivals were removed from the general camp population because of their resisting internment policies. The Moab Isolation Center remained open until April 27, when most of its inmates were taken by bus to the larger and more secure Leupp Isolation Center. In 1994, the "Dalton Wells CCC Camp/Moab Relocation Center" was added to the National Register of Historic Places. Even though no historical marker exists on the site, an information plaque at the current site entrance and a photograph on display at the Dan O'Laurie Museum in Moab mention the former isolation center.

paragraphs: Moab's economy was originally based on agriculture, but gradually shifted to mining. Uranium and vanadium were discovered in the area in the 1910s and 1920s. Potash and manganese came next, and then oil and natural gas were discovered. In the 1950s Moab became the so-called "Uranium Capital of the World" after geologist Charles Steen found a rich deposit of uranium ore south of the city. This discovery came at about the same time as nuclear weapons and nuclear power in the United States began to be developed. With these later discoveries Moab became prosperous.

paragraphs: The city population grew nearly 500% over the next few years, bringing the population to near 6,000 people. The explosion in population caused much construction of houses and schools. Charles Steen donated a great deal of money and land to create new houses and churches in Moab.

paragraphs: With the winding down of the Cold War, Moab's uranium boom was over. The city's population drastically went down. By the early 1980s a number of homes stood empty and nearly all of the uranium mines had closed.

paragraphs: In 1949, Western movie director John Ford was persuaded to use the area for the movie "Wagon Master". Ford had been using the area in Monument Valley around Mexican Hat, Utah, south of Moab. This is where he filmed "Stagecoach" there 10 years earlier in 1939. A local Moab rancher (George White) found Ford and persuaded him to come take a look at Moab. There have been numerous movies filmed in the area since then, using Arches National Park and Canyonlands National Park as backdrops.

paragraphs: Since the 1970s, tourism has played an increasing role in the local economy. Partly due to the John Ford movies, partly due to magazine articles, the area has become a favorite of photographers, rafters, hikers, rock climbers, and most recently mountain bikers. Moab is also an increasingly popular destination for four-wheelers as well as for BASE jumpers and those rigging highlining, who are allowed to practice their sport in the area. About 16 miles south of Moab is the "Hole N' The Rock", a 5,000 square foot 14 room home carved into a rock wall which "National Geographic" has ranked as one of the top 10 roadside attractions in the United States. Moab's population swells temporarily in the spring and summer months with the arrival of numerous people employed seasonally in the outdoor recreation and tourism industries.

paragraphs: In recent years Moab has experienced a surge of second-home owners. The relatively mild winters and enjoyable summers have attracted many people to build such homes throughout the area. In a situation mirroring that of other resort towns in the American West, controversy has arisen over these new residents and their houses, which in many cases remain unoccupied for most of the year. Many Moab citizens are concerned that the town is seeing changes similar to those experienced in Vail and Aspen in neighboring Colorado. These include rapidly rising property values, an increase in the cost of living, and the effects felt by local low- and middle-income workers.

paragraphs: "Sunset Magazine"s March 2009 issue listed Moab as one of the "20 best small towns in the West," a distinction corroborated by similar articles in other magazines.

paragraphs: Since 2011 Moab has hosted an LGBT Pride festival. The first festival included a march which drew more than 350 people. The second year's festival had over 600 in attendance.

paragraphs: Moab has an arid climate characterized by hot summers and chilly winters. Precipitation is evenly spread over the year (usually less than one inch per month). There are an average of 41 days with temperatures reaching , 109 days reaching , and 3.6 days per winter where the temperature remains at or below freezing. The highest temperature was on July 7, 1989. The lowest temperature was on January 22, 1930.

paragraphs: Average annual precipitation in Moab is . There are an average of 55 days annually with measurable precipitation. The wettest year was 1983 with and the driest year was 1898 with . The most precipitation in one month was in July 1918. The most precipitation in 24 hours was on July 23, 1983.

paragraphs: Average seasonal snowfall for 1981–2011 is . The most snow in a season was during 1914–15, but the snowiest month is December 1915 at .


title: Grand County, Utah

paragraphs: Grand County is a county located in the U.S. state of Utah. As of the 2010 census, the population was 9,225. Its county seat and largest city is Moab. The county was named for the Colorado River, which at the time of statehood was known as the Grand River. It is west from the Colorado state line.

paragraphs: According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (0.3%) is water. The Green River forms the western boundary and Colorado lies on the eastern boundary. The Colorado River flows through the southeast corner. Deserts, cliffs and plateaus make up the scenery, with few settlements apart from the city of Moab, a Colorado River oasis. Arches National Park lies in the southern part of the county, just north of Moab. Also, the northernmost extension of Canyonlands National Park lies in the southwest corner of the county.

paragraphs: As of the census of 2000, there were 8,485 people, 3,434 households, and 2,170 families residing in the county. The population density was 2 people per square mile (1/km²). There were 4,062 housing units at an average density of 1 per square mile (0/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 92.65% White, 0.25% Black or African American, 3.85% Native American, 0.22% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 1.66% from other races, and 1.32% from two or more races. 5.55% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

paragraphs: There were 3,434 households out of which 29.80% had children under the age of 18 living with them. In addition, 48.60% were married couples living together, 10.70% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.80% were non-families. 29.50% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 3.06.

paragraphs: In the county, the population was spread out with 26.90% under the age of 18, 8.20% from 18 to 24, 27.90% from 25 to 44, 24.50% from 45 to 64, and 12.50% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 96.30 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.10 males.

paragraphs: The median income for a household in the county was $32,387, and the median income for a family was $39,095. Males had a median income of $31,000 versus $21,769 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,356. About 10.90% of families and 14.80% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.20% of those under age 18 and 8.40% of those age 65 or over.


title: Fab Morvan

paragraphs: Fabrice "Fab" Morvan (born 14 May 1966) is a French singer-songwriter, dancer and model. He was half of pop duo Milli Vanilli, with Rob Pilatus. The duo sold multi-platinum albums around the world. But in the early 1990s, he and Pilatus were involved in one of the largest scandals in the history of pop music. It was revealed that neither he nor Pilatus really sang on any of Milli Vanilli's music whatsoever.

paragraphs: After the scandal, the duo got themselves back together as Rob & Fab, though with limited success. Morvan had a solo comeback in the 2000s, with his album "Love Revolution".


title: Easter Jeep Safari

paragraphs: The Easter Jeep Safari is an annual event hosted by the Red Rock 4-Wheelers off-road club. Four-wheelers come from all parts of the United States and other countries to challenge the rough terrain of the backcountry in the Moab, Utah area. While the title does say it is a festival of Jeeps, there are no restrictions on vehicle make or models used. However, all vehicles are expected to have high ground clearance Four-wheel drive vehicles with two-speed transfer cases. No ATV's or UTV's are allowed. The Easter Weekend safari lasts for nine days, going through Easter Sunday.

paragraphs: When going 4-wheeling, people can either go alone, or join up in a group. Groups usually meet up early in the day, at a certain location in the city. First waivers are signed and collected, then the drivers are given instruction and told to comply with any and all Bureau of Land Management regulations (i.e. stay on the trail, avoid walking on protected soil, etc.). Groups will then head out to the trails for the day. Once a group arrives at a trail, they will partially deflate ("air down") their tires to get better traction on sand or slick rock. Once the air down is completed they will begin through the trail and depending on the trail and the number of stops, it can take anywhere from a few hours to all day.

paragraphs: Many groups do radio introductions, over the CB radio, where a person (often the driver) will introduce his/her self and any passengers in the car. They may also tell if they have driven the trail before, or if it's their first time. When a group approaches a really difficult obstacle, a few will get out and act as a spotter to ensure everyone makes it up or down safely.

paragraphs: Groups will usually stop around noon or 1:00 P.M. for a lunch break. Drivers and passengers usually chat, take pictures, or do some work on their Jeep/4X4 vehicle. Once lunch is completed they will take off again.

paragraphs: Trails rank from easy to difficult (1 through 5). The classification system is the same used in skiing: Circle is Easy, Square is Moderate, and Diamond is Hard. Many trails have several obstacles to get through. Some of the most famous are "Kenny's Climb", and "White Knuckle Hill". Many involve rockcrawling.

paragraphs: The Event is often attended by media representatives who cover outdoor and recreation events including representatives from Jeep. The Moab variant of the Jeep Wrangler

paragraphs: Some trails, specifically the higher difficulty ones can be dangerous for inexperienced drivers, especially if they try to go alone. A basic rule for driving off-road is to never travel alone. Traveling in groups of two or more vehicles makes it more certain at least one vehicle can get back for help. Those who do venture out into the backcountry alone should have good communications (two-way radio, mobile phone or satellite device). Inexperienced groups are advised to bring a spotter along on the more difficult trails to avoid injuries and rollovers.


title: Christy O'Connor Snr

paragraphs: Christy O'Connor (21 December 1924 – 14 May 2016) was an Irish professional golfer. He was one of the leading golfers on the British and Irish circuit from the mid-1950s. He was born in Galway, Ireland. O'Connor won over 20 important British and Irish tournaments and finished in the top 10 in the Open Championship 10 times.

paragraphs: In team events he played in 10 successive Ryder Cup matches and played in 15 Canada Cup/World Cup matches for Ireland, winning the Canada Cup in 1958 in partnership with Harry Bradshaw. His nephew was golfer Christy O'Connor Jnr who died in January 2016.

paragraphs: O'Connor Snr died at the age of 91 in a hospital in Dublin, on 14 May 2016.


title: Darwyn Cooke

paragraphs: Darwyn Cooke (November 16, 1962 – May 14, 2016) was a Canadian comic book writer, artist, cartoonist and animator. He was born in Toronto, Ontario. He was known for his work on the comic books "Catwoman", "", "The Spirit" and "".

paragraphs: Cooke died at his home in Florida after suffering from lung cancer on May 14, 2016, aged 53.


title: Unknown Worlds Entertainment

paragraphs: Unknown Worlds Entertainment is an independent game development company. It is based in San Francisco, California. The company wants to "unite the world through play". They are best known for "Natural Selection".

paragraphs: Unknown Worlds was created in 2001. They started development of a free mod Natural Selection.

paragraphs: They decided to create the second game "Natural Selection 2". They soon after officially created Unknown Worlds Entertainment. To help raise money for "Natural Selection 2", they created "Zen of Sudoku" in November 2006. Soon after, a small group of investors backed the project after a meeting at GDC in San Francisco.

paragraphs: In October 2006, Max McGuire became the first employee. He became the Technical Director. A year later, they released "Decoda", a commercial debugger. The studio later switched from the Source Engine to their own engine, which was named "Evolution". It was later changed to "Spark" because "Evolution" was already being used.

paragraphs: In June 2008, Cory Strader was hired as an art director. In May 2009, Unknown Worlds started to accept pre-orders for the game. "Natural Selection 2" was released on October 31, 2012.

paragraphs: On December 17, 2013, they announced "Subnautica". Charlie Cleveland was the game director and lead gameplay. Hugh Jeremy was the producer. They decided to switch to the Unity game engine. It was released on Steam Early Access on December 16, 2014. It is planned for Xbox One. It was released in August 2016.


title: Lasse Mårtenson

paragraphs: Lars Anders Fredrik "Lasse" Mårtenson (24 September 1934 – 14 May 2016) was a Finnish singer, composer, actor and theater conductor. He was born in Helsinki. He performed at the Eurovision Song Contest in 1964 with the song "Laiskotellen" ("Idling").

paragraphs: Mårtenson died of a cerebral haemorrhage, aged 81.


title: Spotting (off-road)

paragraphs: In Off-roading a Spotter is the second set of eyes to help a driver navigate difficult obstacles. Spotters are usually in front of the vehicle and use voice commands along with hand signals to indicate which way to turn the wheels and whether to go forward or backward. When the driver cannot see what is directly in front of his or her wheels, it can make the difference between getting through or damaging the vehicle.

paragraphs: If spectators are giving the driver signals or shouting commands or advice, the spotter should step in and take control of the situation. Otherwise the driver will not know who's advice to follow. Other signals may be used as well as long as they are agreed to by both the driver and spotter.

paragraphs: If a vehicle gets into a situation where one or more wheels are "hanging air" (off the ground and have no traction), the spotter may try to re-balance the vehicle. The most dangerous way is to hang on the side of the vehicle using the spotter's weight to bring it back down. Here the spotter is acting as a 'Rock surfer'. A much safer method is to use straps or ropes to bring the wheel or wheels down to earth again.

paragraphs: The spotter may be the agreed-on person to handle the winch line. Here again, clear signals between the spotter and driver need to be maintained in order to keep everyone safe.


title: Monomial

paragraphs: In mathematics, a monomial is a polynomial which has only one term. A monomial cannot have a variable for a denominator.


title: Saruê

paragraphs: Saruê is a mammal animal, of the skunk family, existing in northeastern Brazil.


title: Cho Bong-am

paragraphs: Cho Bong-am(조봉암;曺奉岩, 1898 - 1959) was a South Korean independence activist and politician. He was the first Agriculture Minister of South Korea, 1948 - 1949.


title: Nouvelle-Aquitaine

paragraphs: Nouvelle-Aquitaine () is one of the administrative regions of France. Its capital is Bordeaux.

paragraphs: It is in the southwest of France formed in 2014 by three old regions: Aquitaine, Limousin and Poitou-Charentes. "Aquitaine-Limousin-Poitou-Charentes" was the temporary name for the region.

paragraphs: The Nouvelle-Aquitaine region is the largest region of France with an area of . It is in southwestern France and borders to the northwest with the Pays de la Loire region, to the north with the Centre-Val de Loire region, to the east with the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, to the southwest with the Occitanie region and to the south with Spain.

paragraphs: The Nouvelle-Aquitaine has about of coast along the Atlantic Ocean.

paragraphs: The distances from Bordeaux, the capital of the region, to other cities are:

paragraphs: The only main drainage basin in the region is the Atlantic basin; some of the rivers in region, from south to north, are:

paragraphs: The territory of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region is formed mostly by large plains and low plateaus ( high). In the northern part of the region, the highest point is Mont Bessou with an elevation of , in the Massif Central. In the southern part of the region, there are higher mountains in the Pyrenees.

paragraphs: The Pic Palas (), at , is the highest mountain of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. It is in the Pyrenees mountain range of southern Pyrénées-Atlantiques.

paragraphs: The highest point of the different departments in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region are:

paragraphs: The Nouvelle-Aquitaine region is formed by 12 departments:

paragraphs: "Arr." = Arrondissements          "Cant." = Cantons          "Comm." = Communes

paragraphs: The Nouvelle-Aquitaine region had, in 2014, a population of 5,879,144, for a population density of inhabitants/km.

paragraphs: The main cities with more than 30,000 inhabitants (2014) in the region are: