title: Fountains Abbey

paragraphs: Fountains Abbey is one of the largest and best preserved ruined Cistercian monasteries in England. It is sits approximately south-west of Ripon in North Yorkshire. It was founded in 1132 and operated for 407 years. It one of the wealthiest monasteries in England until it was dissolved in 1539, under the order of Henry VIII.

paragraphs: It is a Grade I listed building owned by the National Trust. It is part of the designated Studley Royal Park including the Ruins of Fountains Abbey. It is one of the recognised World Heritage Site by UNESCO.

paragraphs: After a riot in 1132 at the Benedictine, 13 monks were expelled. Among them was Saint Robert of Newminster. They were taken under the protection of Thurstan, Archbishop of York. He provided them with land in the valley of the River Skell, which is a tributary of the Ure. The enclosed valley had all the natural features needed for the creation of a monastery. It provided shelter from the weather as well as stone and timber for building. It also had a good supply of running water.

paragraphs: After a harsh winter in 1133, the monks applied to join the Cistercian. At that time, it was a fast-growing reform movement. By the beginning of the 13th century, it had over 500 houses. In 1135, Fountains became the second Cistercian house in northern England, just after Rievaulx.

paragraphs: The Fountains monks became under Clairvaux Abbey, in Burgundy. It was under the rule of St Bernard. Under the guidance of Geoffrey of Ainai, a monk sent in from Clairvaux, the group learned how to celebrate the seven Canonical Hours. According to Cistercian usage, they were shown how to construct wooden buildings in accordance with Cistercian architecture.

paragraphs: The abbey precinct covers and surrounded by an wall. It was built in the 13th century. Some parts of it are visible to the south and west of the abbey.

paragraphs: The area consists of three concentric zones which are cut by the River Skell, flowing from west to east across the site. The church and its buildings stand at the centre of the precinct north of the Skell. Its inner court contains domestic buildings which stretches down to the river and the outer court. It houses the industrial and agricultural buildings.

paragraphs: The original abbey church was built of wood and "was probably" two stories high. It was, however, quickly replaced with stone. The church was damaged in the attack on the abbey in 1146 and was rebuilt, in a larger scale, on the same site. Building work was completed c.1170. This structure, completed around 1170, was long and had 11 bays in the side aisles. The abbot's house, one of the largest in all of England, is located to the east of the latrine block. Portions of it are suspended on arches over the River Skell. It was built in the mid-twelfth century as a modest single-storey structure. From the fourteenth century, it underwent extensive expansion and remodelling. By 16th century, it became a grand dwelling with fine bay windows and grand fireplaces. The great hall was an expansive room .

paragraphs: Among other apartments, for the designation of which see the ground-plan, was a domestic oratory or chapel, , and a kitchen, .

paragraphs: The archaeological excavation of the site began under the supervision of John Richard Walbran. In 1846, he published a paper "On the Necessity of clearing out the Conventual Church of Fountains". In 1966, the Abbey was placed in the guardianship of the Department of the Environment and the estate. It was purchased by the West Riding County Council, which later transferred its ownership to the North Yorkshire County Council in 1974.

paragraphs: The National Trust bought the Fountains Abbey and Studley Royal estate from North Yorkshire County Council in 1983. In 1986 the parkland in where the abbey stands was designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.

paragraphs: It was recognised for fulfilling the criteria of ""being a masterpiece of human creative genius"." It was described ""as an outstanding example of a type of building or architectural or technological ensemble or landscape which illustrates significant stages in human history"."

paragraphs: Fountains Abbey is owned by the National Trust and maintained by English Heritage. The trust owns Studley Royal Park, Fountains Hall, St Mary's Church, which was designed by William Burges and built around 1873. All of them are significant features of the World Heritage Site.

paragraphs: In January 2010, Fountains Abbey and Studley Royal became two of the first National Trust properties to be included in Google Street View, using the Google Trike.

paragraphs: Fountains Abbey was used as a film location by Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark for their single "Maid of Orleans (The Waltz Joan of Arc)" during the cold winter of December 1981. In 1980, Hollywood filmed its final scenes to the film "". Other productions set on location of the abbey include: "Life at the Top", "The Secret Garden", "The History Boys." Television series such as "Flambards", "A History of Britain", "Terry Jones' Medieval Lives", "Cathedral", "Antiques Roadshow." Several game shows such as "Treasure Hunt" The BBC Television series "Gunpowder" (2017) also used Fountains Abbey as a location.

paragraphs: Fountains Abbey was featured twice in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Books. It includes poetical illustrations by Letitia Elizabeth Landon.


title: Hurricane Isaac

paragraphs: A tropical wave formed off the Coast of Africa and the later was designated as Tropical Depression Nine-L. A few hours later it reached tropical storm status and was named "Isaac"


title: Pontcysyllte Aqueduct

paragraphs: The Pontcysyllte Aqueduct () is a canal aqueduct in north east Wales. It took 10 years to design and build. It was completed in 1805. It is the longest aqueduct in Great Britain, and is the highest canal aqueduct in the world. The 18-arched stone and cast iron structure is designed for narrowboats.

paragraphs: The aqueduct was part of a grand plan which was never completed. It was part of the proposed Ellesmere Canal. It would have been an industrial waterway which made a link between the River Severn at Shrewsbury and the port of Liverpool on the River Mersey.

paragraphs: The westerly high-ground route across the Vale of Llangollen was chosen. A less expensive route was surveyed to the east, but the route chosen would have taken the canal through a mineral-rich area. It would have taken the canal through the coalfields of North-East Wales. However, only parts of the canal route were completed. The plan fell through because the money ran out. The capitalist system at the time was primitive and unreliable. Most major work on the canal stopped after the completion of the Pontcysyllte Aqueduct in 1805.

paragraphs: The structure is a Grade I listed building. It is recognised as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

paragraphs: The name "Pontcysyllte" is Welsh for "Cysyllte Bridge", or "Bridge of Cysyllte". Cysyllte is the township of the old parish of Llangollen, where the southern end of the bridge lies.

paragraphs: In 1999, the aqueduct and its surrounding lands were submitted to the "tentative list" of properties being considered for UNESCO World Heritage Site status. The aqueduct was suggested as a contender in 2005, its 200th anniversary year. It was finally announced in 2006 that a larger proposal, which covers a section of the canal from the aqueduct to Horseshoe Falls would be the United Kingdom's 2008 nomination.

paragraphs: Parts of the site including the length of canal from Rhoswiel, Shropshire, to the Horseshoe Falls, Pontcysyllte Aqueduct, and Chirk Aqueduct were visited by inspectors from UNESCO in October 2008. It was carried out to analyse and confirm the site management and authenticity. The aqueduct was named by UNESCO on the World Heritage List on 27 June 2009.


title: 2020 Belarusian presidential election

paragraphs: Presidential elections were held in Belarus on 9 August 2020.

paragraphs: These candidates appeared on the ballot:

paragraphs: Exit polls said that Lukashenko won the election. However, a lot of people do not believe the results.

paragraphs: Opposition candidate Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya declared herself the winner of the elections and called on Lukashenko to start negotiations, meanwhile, her campaign team stated that they were ready to hold "long-term protests" against the official results.


title: Blaenavon

paragraphs: Blaenavon () is a town in southeastern Wales. It is on the south of Afon Lwyd and north of Pontypool. Parts of the town and surrounding country form the Blaenavon Industrial Landscape became part of the World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2000. There are about 6,057 people living there.

paragraphs: "Blaenavon" literally means "front of the river" or loosely translated as "river's source" in the Welsh language.

paragraphs: Blaenavon is a community represented by Blaenavon Town Council, and electoral ward of Torfaen County Borough Council. Blaenavon is often

paragraphs: The town is near the source of the Afon Lwyd river. It is in the north of Cwmbran.

paragraphs: Parts of the town and surrounding country form the Blaenavon Industrial Landscape were recognised as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2000. Some of the attractions in the town include:

paragraphs: After Samuel Hopkins death in 1815, his sister Sarah Hopkins of Rugeley, erected Blaenavon Endowed School in his memory.

paragraphs: St Peter's Church was constructed in 1804. It was gifted to the parish by Thomas Hill and Samuel Hopkins.

paragraphs: It had a Blaenavon Golf Club which was founded in 1906. The club closed in 1937.

paragraphs: Some of the most notable people from Blaenavon are:


title: Four Jills in a Jeep

paragraphs: Four Jills in a Jeep is a 1944 American musical comedy movie directed by William A. Seiter and starring Kay Francis, Carole Landis, Martha Raye, Mitzi Mayfair, Jimmy Dorsey, Alice Faye. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.


title: Princess Ingrid Alexandra of Norway

paragraphs: Princess Ingrid Alexandra of Norway (born 21 January 2004) is the elder child of Crown Prince Haakon and Crown Princess Mette-Marit. She is second in line to succeed her grandfather King Harald V. She is a member of the House of Glücksburg; and she is expected to become the country's second female monarch, after the 15th-century Queen Margaret.

paragraphs: Princess Ingrid Alexandra was born on 21 January 2004 at 9:13 am in The National Hospital, part of the Oslo University Hospital in Oslo. She is the first child and only daughter of Crown Prince Haakon, heir apparent to the throne, and the second granddaughter of King Harald V and Queen Sonja. Her mother, Crown Princess Mette-Marit, has a son named Marius Borg Høiby, born in 1997 from a previous relationship.

paragraphs: Ingrid Alexandra was baptised by Bishop Gunnar Stålsett in the chapel of the Royal Palace on 17 April 2004. Her godparents were her grandfather the King, her aunt Princess Märtha Louise, the Crown Prince of Denmark, the Crown Princess of Sweden, the then Prince of Asturias, and her maternal grandmother, Marit Tjessem.

paragraphs: On 31 August 2019, Ingrid Alexandra was confirmed in the Palace Chapel in Oslo.

paragraphs: Ingrid Alexandra started her first day of school on 19 August 2010 at Jansløkka elementary school, a local state school attended by her half-brother. School officials hoped to make the school a place where the princess could make friends and enjoy some relief from public scrutiny.

paragraphs: On 17 June 2014, the Norwegian Royal Family announced that from the start of the 2014–2015 school year, Princess Ingrid Alexandra would move to the private English-language Oslo International School, reportedly because her parents wanted her to be fluent in English.

paragraphs: Princess Ingrid Alexandra was transferred to Oslo's Uranienborg School to complete her lower secondary education. In the fall of 2020, she is scheduled to start at Elvebakken Upper Secondary School in Oslo.


title: Lottie Louise Riekehof

paragraphs: Lottie Louise Riekehof (August 13, 1920 – August 6, 2020) was an American Sign Language interpreter and author. She was born in Germany. She was an important person in the field of professional sign language interpreting.

paragraphs: She wrote one of the first classes for interpreter educators, and trained interpreters and interpreter educators all over the world.


title: Alauddin Ali

paragraphs: Alauddin Ali (24 December 1952 – 9 August 2020) was a Bangladeshi music composer. He won the Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Music Director five times for the movies "Golapi Ekhon Traine" (1978), "Sundori" (1979), "Koshai" (1980), "Jogajog" (1988) and "Lakhe Ekta" (1990).

paragraphs: He won the Best Music Composer award for the movie "Laal Doriya" (2002) and the Best Lyrics award for "Premik" (1985).

paragraphs: Ali died on 9 August 2020 at a private hospital in Dhaka from lung cancer, aged 67.


title: Rachid Belhout

paragraphs: Rachid Belhout (; June 14, 1944 – August 9, 2020) was an Algerian football manager and player. He managed Al-Ahly Benghazi in the Libyan Premier League.

paragraphs: In 2005, he was hired as coach of R.E. Virton, who were then playing in the Belgian Second Division.

paragraphs: On December 22, 2010, Belhout was made a manager of JS Kabylie. On May 1, 2011, he won the 2010–11 Algerian Cup by beating USM El Harrach 1-0 in the final. On June 26, 2011, Belhout resigned from his position as manager of the club.

paragraphs: On July 19, 2011, Belhout signed a one-year contract with Tunisian club Union Sportive Monastir.

paragraphs: On February 10, 2012, Belhout signed a one-year contract with Algerian club CS Constantine.

paragraphs: Belhout died on August 9, 2020, aged 76, after being killed in a car crash near Nancy, France.


title: Salome Bey

paragraphs: Salome Bey (October 10, 1939 – August 9, 2020) was an American-born Canadian singer-songwriter, composer, and actress. She was born in Newark, New Jersey.

paragraphs: Bey recorded two albums with Horace Silver, and released live albums of her performances with the Montreal Jubilation Gospel Choir and at the Montreux Jazz Festival.

paragraphs: In 2005, she was made an honorary Member of the Order of Canada.

paragraphs: Bey was a member of the Canadian charity Artists Against Racism.

paragraphs: Bey died on August 9, 2020 in Toronto, Ontario from dementia-related problems, at the age of 80.


title: Martin Birch

paragraphs: Martin Birch (27 December 1948 – 9 August 2020) was a British music producer and sound engineer. He was well known for engineering and producing albums by British rock bands including Deep Purple, Rainbow, Fleetwood Mac, Whitesnake, Black Sabbath, Blue Öyster Cult, and Iron Maiden. He was born in Woking, Surrey.


title: Brendan Halligan

paragraphs: Brendan Halligan (5 July 1936 – 9 August 2020) was an Irish economist and politician. He was founder and president of the Institute of International and European Affairs (IIEA). He was president of the Ireland China Institute.

paragraphs: He was also a Board Member of Mainstream Renewable Power. He was General Secretary of the Labour Party, a Teachta Dála (TD), a Senator, and a Member of the European Parliament (MEP). He was born in Dublin.


title: Carroll Hardy

paragraphs: Carroll William Hardy (May 18, 1933 – August 9, 2020) was an American professional athlete. He played in the National Football League for the San Francisco 49ers (1955) and in Major League Baseball for the Cleveland Indians (1958–1960), Boston Red Sox (1960–1962), Houston Colt .45s (1963–1964) and Minnesota Twins (1967).

paragraphs: He was born in Sturgis, South Dakota. He batted and threw right-handed and was listed as tall and .

paragraphs: Hardy died on August 9, 2020 in Highlands Ranch, Colorado from dementia-related problems at the age of 87.


title: Kurt Luedtke

paragraphs: Kurt Luedtke (September 28, 1939August 9, 2020) was an American screenwriter and executive editor. He was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan. He was known for working with Sydney Pollack on many movies.

paragraphs: He worked for the "Detroit Free Press". He wrote "Out of Africa" (1985), for which he won the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay. He also wrote "Absence of Malice" (1981) and "Random Hearts" (1999).

paragraphs: Luedtke died on August 9, 2020 at a hospital in Royal Oak, Michigan from multiple organ failure, aged 80.


title: Out of Africa (movie)

paragraphs: Out of Africa is a 1985 American epic romantic drama movie directed and produced by Sydney Pollack. It stars Meryl Streep and Robert Redford. The movie is based on the 1937 autobiographical book "Out of Africa" written by Isak Dinesen.

paragraphs: The movie also stars Michael Kitchen as Berkeley Cole, Malick Bowens as Farah, Stephen Kinyanjui as the Chief, Michael Gough as Lord Delamere, Suzanna Hamilton as Felicity, and the model and actress Iman as Mariammo.

paragraphs: The movie had mixed reviews from critics. However, "Out of Africa" won seven Academy Awards including Best Picture and Best Director for Pollack.


title: Klaus Maria Brandauer

paragraphs: Klaus Maria Brandauer (; born Klaus Georg Steng; 22 June 1943) is an Austrian actor and director. He is also a professor at the Max Reinhardt Seminar.

paragraphs: Brandauer is known for his roles in "Mephisto" (1981), "Never Say Never Again" (1983), "Out of Africa" (1985), "Hanussen" (1988), "Burning Secret" (1988), and "Introducing Dorothy Dandridge" (1999).

paragraphs: Brandauer was nominated for an Academy Award and won a Golden Globe Award.


title: Zaōnishiki Toshimasa

paragraphs: Zaōnishiki Toshimasa (born Toshimasa Adachi; 3 September 1952 – 9 August 2020) was a sumo wrestler. He was born in Yamagata, Japan.

paragraphs: He made his professional debut in September 1970, and reached the top division in November 1976. His highest rank was "maegashira" 1. He retired in January 1983. He became an elder in the Japan Sumo Association. He reached the retirement age for elders of 65 in September 2017.

paragraphs: Zaōnishiki revealed in 2014 that he was diagnosed with multiple myeloma. He died on 9 August 2020 from the disease at the age of 67.


title: Banjarbaru

paragraphs: Banjarbaru is a city in the province of South Kalimantan in Indonesia. It is located southeast of Banjarmasin. The city had a population of 199,627 as of the 2010 Census.


title: Litoria purpureolata

paragraphs: Litoria purpureolata is a tree frog from the island of New Guinea. Scientists have only found it in Papua Province in Indonesia and West Sepak Province in Papua New Guinea.

paragraphs: The adult male frog is 5.6–6.8 cm long, which is large for a frog in "Nyctimystes" or "Litoria". Unlike many tree frogs, it has only a small stripe down its side or no stripe at all. It has green skin with some white on its front legs and rear legs. It has a light brown arc on its ear. Some of the webbing between its toes is purple in color.


title: Francisco A. Cárdenas

paragraphs: Francisco Atenógenes Cárdenas Garza (born on July 16, 1879 in Abasolo, Nuevo León - died: July 3, 1943 in San Antonio, Texas) was a Mexican engineer and politician. He was Governor of Nuevo León. He later resigned before the end of his term.

paragraphs: Francisco A. Cárdenas was born in Abasolo, Nuevo León, on July 16, 1879. His parents are José Dolores Cárdenas and Virginia Garza. He studied at the old Monterrey Civil College. He then graduated mining engineer from St. Mary's College in San Antonio, Texas. When he returned home, he dedicated himself to agriculture and livestock activities. His efforts got stopped by the outbreak of the revolutionary conflict in 1910.

paragraphs: Years later, Cárdenas began to show interest in politics. This led him to become mayor of his hometown. Later on, he became the deputy for the XLII Local Legislature. By September 16, 1929, he became second in command and reported to General Aarón Sáenz Garza.

paragraphs: In mid-1931, he was elected the governor for Nuevo León from October 4, 1931 to October 4, 1935. However, he didn't complete the term as he resigned on December 27, 1933.

paragraphs: Governor Cárdenas had to overcome many challenges caused by the world recession in 1929. Among the issues include the fall in state's income as this forced the president to order that the salaries of public servants be reduced. Many reforms were made to the finance laws which caused the the property tax to increase in cities throughout the State. At the same time, taxes on salaries were created. Despite the economic difficulties, the industrial sector's growth did not slow down its growth. In fact, new factories were created.

paragraphs: Sensitive to the increasing demand for education at the professional level, he organized and led a general committee for the founding of the State University. The works began in February 1933.

paragraphs: By May 31, the decree for founding University of Nuevo León was proclaimed. Its first headmaster was writer Héctor González.

paragraphs: He was also instrumental in the construction of the new Civil Hospital. Works began on May 3, 1933 on an area of about thirty hectares. He also setup the Central Board of Conciliation and Arbitration (1931); the founding of the Casa del Campesino (1932); the construction of the first highway from Nuevo Laredo to Monterrey, and the promulgation of a new General Law of Public Instruction.

paragraphs: Francisco A. Cárdenas resigned from his position on December 27, 1933. He led a private life after his retirement. He died in San Antonio, Texas, on July 3, 1943. His remains were buried in Panteón del Carmen, in Monterrey.


title: Quorn, Leicestershire

paragraphs: Quorn is a village in Leicestershire, a county in the East Midlands region of England. It is situated near to the university town of Loughborough. The village's population in 2011 was 5,177.

paragraphs: The village was named Quorndon until 1899. The name was shortened to Quorn to avoid confusion in posting as the name was similar to the village of Quarndon in nearby Derbyshire.

paragraphs: Quorn is built around the old A6 road, it runs through the centre of the village. On 28 October 1991, a dual carriageway bypass opened. The building of this road took the A6 away to the north-east of the village.

paragraphs: Quorn, the famous meat substitute company, takes its name from the village. It began production in 1985.

paragraphs: The village has a heritage railway station, Quorn and Woodhouse, on the Great Central Steam Railway, a preserved railway that runs between Loughborough and Leicester. The station also serves the hamlet of Woodhouse.

paragraphs: Gordon Banks, former England international football goalkeeper, lived in Quorn for many years of his life.


title: ParaHoxozoa

paragraphs: ParaHoxozoa is a proposed group within taxonomy. It would be above phylum but below a kingdom. It would have the Triploblasts/Bilateria and the Placozoa and Cnidarians in it.

paragraphs: Parahoxozoa is named after the groups of genes that scientists found in the organisms in it: (sub)classes (HNF, CUT, PROS, ZF, CERS, K50, S50-PRD) and Hox/ParaHox-ANTP. Some scientists said they thought a similar gene, ANTP, the NK gene, and the Cdx Parahox gene were also in sponges in the phylum Porifera, but for now, Parahoxozoa does not have sponges in it.

paragraphs: Scientists are not sure where to put Placozoa. They think it could be a sister clade to the other Parahoxozoa (the Planulozoa hypothesis) or sister of Cnidaria.

paragraphs: Scientists say the first bilateral organisms, which means the first living things that were symmetrical from side to side, were worms that lived on the bottom of bodies of water. They say this worm had only one opening in its body instead of both a mouth to take food in and an anus to let waste out like an earthworm. A through-gut may already have developed with the ctenophora however. The scientists think the through-gut, the tubelike digestive system with two ends, may have evolved when the organism's one hole closed in the middle. For example, Acoela look like the planula larvae of some cnidarians.


title: Enskede gård

paragraphs: Enskede gård is a district in Söderort, Stockholm. It shares borders with Johanneshov, Gamla Enskede, Enskedefältet and Årsta. Its name came from the former manor and estate, Enskede farm. The farm was mentioned as early as 1392.


title: Local Bubble

paragraphs: The Local Bubble, or Local Cavity, is where we are in our galaxy. It is a relative cavity in the interstellar medium (ISM) of the Orion Arm in the Milky Way. It contains among others, the Local Interstellar Cloud, which contains the Solar System, and the G-Cloud. It is at least 300 light years across. It has a neutral-hydrogen density of about 0.05 atoms/cm, or about one tenth of the average for the ISM in the Milky Way (0.5 atoms/cm)

paragraphs: The exceptionally sparse gas of the Local Bubble is the result of supernovae that exploded within the past ten to twenty million years. The gas is still in an excited state, emitting in the X-ray band.


title: Bælum

paragraphs: Bælum is a village in Denmark. It is 31 km from Aalborg. According to January 2020 census, there are 733 people living there. It is a part of Rebild Municipality.

paragraphs: It is 5 km northeast of Terndrup and 16 km north of Hadsund. There is a Bælum Church and Bælum Mill. There is a wind turbine and the motor house. They have been fully restored and are maintained by Bælum Møllelaug.


title: DNA barcoding

paragraphs: DNA barcoding is a form of genetic analysis. It is part of molecular biology. Scientists use DNA barcoding to tell different species apart from each other. Scientists use DNA barcoding to tell which species are related to each other or evolved from the same older species.

paragraphs: The first types of DNA sequencing started in the 1980s.

paragraphs: In DNA barcoding, the technician sequences part of a gene and compares it to that same gene in other species. Sometimes scientists use the short fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene as a DNA barcode gene. The fragment is usually 400 to 800 base pairs long.

paragraphs: Groups of scientists choose different genes to barcode depending on their project. A good barcode gene has to be short in length and have the exact same sequence at its beginning and end, but its middle has to be different enough in different species.

paragraphs: Some scientists say DNA barcoding is the opposite of genomics. DNA barcoding uses a few specific parts of the genome, and genomics is about looking at the entire genome.

paragraphs: DNA barcoding costs less money than other kinds of DNA sequencing. This means that smaller laboratories can afford to use it, and all laboratories can do more of it. It is also much easier to learn how to do than other forms of taxonomy. That means more people can learn to use it.

paragraphs: One good thing about DNA barcoding is that it helps human beings get around ideas that seem right but are really wrong. For example, some animals look similar even though they are not closely related. Some animals look different even though they are closely related. It is easy for a scientist to think two species are related because they look or act alike. For example, cows are more closely related to whales and orcas than they are to horses, even though cows walk on hooves, live on land, and eat grass like horses do. Looking at DNA barcoding makes it easier to see what really happened in evolution.

paragraphs: Another good thing about DNA barcoding is that scientists do not need to get close to the animal or plant they want to study. This is good for studying animals that are easily damaged, very shy, or dangerous to humans. The scientists do not even need to see the organism to use DNA barcoding. In one study, scientists collected feces (poop) from an African savanna. They used DNA barcoding to tell which species of animal had left it there and which plants it had eaten, all from the undigested DNA.

paragraphs: DNA barcoding makes it much much faster and easier to tell what a species eats. Before DNA barcoding, scientists had to follow an insect or other animal around and watch it eat. This could take many years. With DNA barcoding, scientists can look at what is in the animal's digestive system. This is fast enough that scientists can watch animals' eating habits change with climate change.

paragraphs: With DNA sequencing and DNA barcoding, scientists went into museums to look at specimens, or preserved example animals, that had been collected many years before. Using DNA sequencing, the scientists were able to tell that one butterfly collected in the 1700s was really ten different species of butterfly and not just one. Scientists made many discoveries of this kind in old museum collections.

paragraphs: Herpetologists (amphibian scientists) used DNA barcoding to analyze the parachuting frog in 2019. They found it by climbing mountains in Papua New Guinea.


title: Actinidia

paragraphs: Actinidia is a genus of woody vines in the family Actinidiaceae. It is commercially important as many plants in this genus produce kiwifruits, which are eaten in many parts of the world. The most well-known species is "Actinidia deliciosa", the common kiwifruit.


title: Alquézar

paragraphs: Alquézar (Aragonese: "Alquezra") is a town in the province of Huesca. It is located in the autonomous community of Aragon, Spain. As of 2012, its population was 301.

paragraphs: It is located on a limestone outcrop of the Eocene age. Situated at the west of the canyon of the Rio Vero in the Sierra y Cañones de Guara Natural Park. The village grew up around a castle. It has a church of Santa Maria. It was consecrated in 1099.

paragraphs: The name of the village comes from the Arabic word القصر "al qaçr" . It means fort or castle. It was renamed as Alcazar in Spanish. The castle became the main defense point of the nearby city of Barbastro.

paragraphs: The surrounding place of Somontano is known for its fine wines. There are more than 60 limestone caves with prehistoric cave paintings in the surrounding area. It made the region being declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1998.


title: Lehigh University

paragraphs: Lehigh University is an American private research university in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. It was founded in 1865 by businessman Asa Packer.

paragraphs: In 2020, U.S. News & World Report ranked Lehigh as the 50th best university in the nation.


title: The New School

paragraphs: The New School is an American private research university in New York City. It was founded in 1919 with an original mission as a home for progressive thinkers.

paragraphs: It is home to the Parsons School of Design, which is internationally recognized as one of the best schools for visual arts such as fashion, architecture, illustration, and photography. In 2020, QS World University Rankings listed Parsons as the 3rd best Art & Design program in the world.


title: A10 road (England)

paragraphs: The A10 is an important road in eastern England. It goes between London and King's Lynn. It follows the old route of the Roman road Ermine Street for much of its route. The road is about long in total.


title: Actinidiaceae

paragraphs: The Actinidiaceae are a family of around 360 species of plants in the Ericales order. The most important genus is "Actinidia", the kiwifruits.


title: Jorge Rodriguez-Chomat

paragraphs: Jorge Rodriguez-Chomat (June 28, 1945 – August 19, 2017) was a Cuban-American politician and judge. He was a one-term member of the Florida House of Representatives for the Republican Party from 1994 until his defeat in 1998.

paragraphs: He was a Judge of the Criminal and Family Divisions of the Eleventh Judicial Circuit Court of Florida from 2011 until his retirement in 2017.

paragraphs: Rodriguez-Chomat died on August 19, 2017 from prostate cancer in Miami, Florida at age 72.


title: Senate of the Czech Republic

paragraphs: The Senate of the Parliament of the Czech Republic (), usually referred to as Senate, is the upper chamber of the Parliament of the Czech Republic. The seat of the Senate is Wallenstein Palace in Prague.

paragraphs: The Senate has 81 members, chosen in one-seat constituencies through the two-round system. If no candidate receives a majority of votes in the first round, there is a second round between the two highest-placed candidates. The term of office for Senators is six years.

paragraphs: The office was created in December 1992.


title: Parliament of the Czech Republic

paragraphs: The Parliament of the Czech Republic () or just Parliament () is the legislative body of the Czech Republic.

paragraphs: It is made up of two chambers, both elected in direct elections:


title: Erich Gruenberg

paragraphs: Erich Gruenberg (12 October 1924 – 7 August 2020) was an Austrian-born British violinist and teacher. He was a principal violinist of major orchestras in Stockholm and London. He taught at the Royal Academy of Music. He was born in Vienna.

paragraphs: Gruenberg died on 7 August 2020 at the Hampstead Garden Suburb in London at age 95.


title: P. J. Sheehan

paragraphs: Patrick Joseph Sheehan (1 March 1933 – 10 August 2020) was an Irish Fine Gael politician. He was a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Cork South-West constituency from 1981 to 2002 and 2007 to 2011. He was a member of the Fine Gael.

paragraphs: He retired from politics at the 2011 general election.


title: Melinda Dillon

paragraphs: Melinda Ruth Dillon (born October 13, 1939) is an American actress.

paragraphs: She received a 1963 Tony Award nomination for her Broadway debut in the original production of "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?". She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her roles as Jillian Guiler in "Close Encounters of the Third Kind" (1977) and Teresa in "Absence of Malice" (1981).

paragraphs: Her other movie roles include "Bound for Glory" (1976), "F.I.S.T." (1978), "A Christmas Story" (1983), "Harry and the Hendersons" (1987), "The Prince of Tides" (1991) and "Magnolia" (1999).


title: Hamilton (2020 movie)

paragraphs: Hamilton is a 2020 American musical movie which is a live recording of the 2015 Broadway musical. It was directed and produced by Thomas Kail and produced, written, and composed by Lin-Manuel Miranda.

paragraphs: Miranda also stars as first Treasury Secretary and Founding Father Alexander Hamilton, along with the musical's original principal Broadway cast.

paragraphs: "Hamilton" was originally planned for theatrical release on October 15, 2021; however, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the movie had a digital worldwide release on Disney+ on July 3, 2020. The movie received strong critical reviews.


title: Okieriete Onaodowan

paragraphs: Okieriete "Oak" Onaodowan ( ; born August 16, 1987) is an American actor. He is known for his roles as Hercules Mulligan and James Madison in the 2015 musical "Hamilton," and the role of Dean Miller in the ABC drama and "Grey's Anatomy" spin-off series "Station 19". He was born in Newark, New Jersey.


title: Barrow-upon-Soar

paragraphs: Barrow-upon-Soar, also known as Barrow-on-Soar or simply Barrow, is a large village in the north of Leicestershire in England. It is in the Borough of Charnwood. It is between Loughborough and the city of Leicester. In 2011, the village had a population of 5,856 people.

paragraphs: It is famous for a plesiosaur that was dug out in the village in 1851. It was given the nickname "The Barrow Kipper". The skeleton was taken out from it is now being displayed at the New Walk Museum in Leicester.

paragraphs: There is also a full-size replica at the Charnwood Museum in Loughborough. The village's football club, Barrow Town FC, has the skeleton on its logo. Barrow is also famous for its limestone working. There are streets in the village with names in reference to this.

paragraphs: The River Soar runs through the village. The village is near the A6 road from Quorn.

paragraphs: The village has a small railway station located on the Ivanhoe Line from Burton upon Trent to Loughborough. Trains run from Monday-Saturday between Leicester and Lincoln, however some carry on to Sleaford.


title: Dariusz Baliszewski

paragraphs: Dariusz Baliszewski (14 April 1946 – 10 August 2020) was a Polish historian, journalist and writer. He wrote the screenplay for "Rewizja nadzwyczajna". He wrote many historical articles to one of the biggest Polish magazines, "Wprost".

paragraphs: In 1999, for his television creativity and professionalism in work, President Aleksander Kwaśniewski awarded him the Silver Cross of Merit.

paragraphs: Baliszewski was born in Warsaw. He died on 10 August 2020 in Warsaw, aged 74.


title: Kartika Liotard

paragraphs: Kartika Tamara Liotard (26 June 1971 – 1 August 2020) was a Dutch politician. She was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 2004 to 2014. She was formerly a member of the Socialist Party. Liotard was vice-chair of the EUL–NGL group. She was born in Voorburg, South Holland.


title: Alpine, Alaska

paragraphs: Alpine is an unincorporated community in northern Alaska. It is located in the North Slope Borough, along the Arctic Ocean. This city in Alaska had a population of 4 but was so remote that when they (the people of Alpine) got sick they could not get medicine in time.


title: Isabelle Weingarten

paragraphs: Isabelle Weingarten (18 April 1950 – 3 August 2020) was a French actress, model, and photographer. She was born in Paris. Her first movie role was in "Four Nights of a Dreamer".

paragraphs: She also starred in "The Mother and the Whore" in 1973. She began working for "Cahiers du Cinéma" in 1986. In 2008, she began studying the works of her father, Romain Weingarten, poet and playwright.

paragraphs: Wiengarten was married to Benjamin Baltimore from 1968 to 1978. She then married Wim Wenders, who she divorced in 1983. Lastly, she was married to Olivier Assayas until their divorce in 1996.

paragraphs: Weingarten died on 3 August 2020 at the age of 70.


title: Olivier Assayas

paragraphs: Olivier Assayas (born 25 January 1955) is a French movie director, screenwriter, and movie critic.

paragraphs: He made his debut in 1986, after directing some short movies and writing for the influential movie magazine "Cahiers du cinéma".

paragraphs: Assayas's movie "Cold Water" was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1994 Cannes Film Festival.


title: Maggie Cheung

paragraphs: Maggie Cheung Man-yuk (; born 20 September 1964) is a Hong Kong actress.

paragraphs: She is known for her roles in "As Tears Go By", "Center Stage", "", "Green Snake", "The Soong Sisters", "In the Mood for Love", and "Clean".

paragraphs: In 1983, Cheung entered the Miss Hong Kong pageant and won the first runner-up and the Miss Photogenic award as well. She was a semi-finalist in the Miss World pageant the same year.


title: Mia Hansen-Løve

paragraphs: Mia Hansen-Løve (born 5 February 1981) is a French movie director, screenwriter, and former actress.

paragraphs: Her first feature movie, "All Is Forgiven", won the Louis Delluc Prize for Best First Film in 2007 along with Céline Sciamma's "Water Lilies".

paragraphs: Hansen-Løve's movie "Father of My Children" won the Special Jury Prize in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2009 Cannes Film Festival.

paragraphs: In 2014, Hansen-Løve was awarded the status of Chevalier in the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres.

paragraphs: In 2016, she won the Silver Bear for Best Director for her movie "Things to Come" at the 66th Berlin International Film Festival, as well as becoming a member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.


title: Sixto Brillantes

paragraphs: Sixto Serrano Brillantes, Jr. (August 14, 1939 – August 11, 2020) was a Filipino election lawyer. He was the chairman of the Commission on Elections from 2011 to 2015. He was appointed by President Benigno Aquino III on January 16, 2011. He was born in Manila.

paragraphs: On July 25, 2020 he was diagnosed with COVID-19 and was hospitalized in Manila. He died from the infection on August 11, 2020 at the age of 80.


title: Vladica Popović

paragraphs: Vladimir "Vladica" Popović (; 17 March 1935 – 10 August 2020) was a Serbian footballer and manager. He won the Intercontinental Cup with Red Star Belgrade in 1991. He played for the Yugoslavia national football team from 1956 to 1965.

paragraphs: Popović died in Belgrade on 10 August 2020, aged 85.


title: Dakelh

paragraphs: The Dakelh or Carrier are an Indigenous group who live in British Columbia.

paragraphs: The name "Carrier" came from the custom of a widow carrying the ashes of her dead husband for 3 years.

paragraphs: They call themselves the "Dakelh / Dakelh-ne" (ᑕᗸᒡ), which means "people who travel by boat early in the morning."

paragraphs: They also call themselves Yinka Dene (people of the land), while the Carrier who speak the Babine-Witsuwitʼen language call themselves Yinka Whut'en which means the same thing.

paragraphs: Most of the time, they call themselves often simply Dune ("person", "human") or Dune-ne and Dune-ke/Dune-koh (ᑐᘅᘅ, "people", "men").

paragraphs: The Dakelh live in northern British Columbia along the Fraser River. Their homeland has lots of forests and lakes.

paragraphs: The Dakelh way of live is based on the seasons. In summer, they gather berries. They also fish for salmon and hunt deer.


title: Mike Tindall (footballer)

paragraphs: Michael Tindall (5 April 1941 – 11 August 2020) was an English former professional footballer. He was best known for his career with Aston Villa. His playing position was wing-half.

paragraphs: Tindall started his career at South Birmingham Boys. He moved to Walsall for a short time before dropping into the non-League to play for Tamworth.

paragraphs: Tindall played for the England youth team but never represented the senior side.

paragraphs: Tindall died on 11 August 2020 from dementia-related problems, aged 79.


title: Jose Melo

paragraphs: Jose Armando R. Melo (May 30, 1932 – October 18, 2020) was a Filipino lawyer and jurist. He was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines from 1992 to 2002. He is a former Chairman of the Commission on Elections (COMELEC).


title: Benjamin Abalos

paragraphs: Benjamin Santos Abalos, Sr. (born September 21, 1935) is a Filipino politician. He was a chairman of the Commission on Elections. He was also a former chairman of the MMDA and mayor of Mandaluyong City.

paragraphs: On June 5, 2002 President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo appointed Abalos to replace Alfredo Benipayo.

paragraphs: On October 1, 2007, Abalos resigned during a press conference after complaining for lack of rules to create an impeachment case against Filipino governors. The Commission on Elections appointed Resurreccion Borra as Acting Chairman.


title: Christian Monsod

paragraphs: Christian S. Monsod (born July 16, 1936) is a Filipino lawyer. He was Chairman of the Commission on Elections (COMELEC). He was one of the creators of the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines.

paragraphs: He is the founder and honorary chairman of the Legal Network for Truthful Elections (LENTE) and key activist of the National Citizens' Movement for Free Elections (NAMFREL).


title: Canadian Aboriginal syllabics

paragraphs: Canadian syllabic writing, or simply syllabics, is an alphabet created by a Christian missionary to write down the languages of some of the First Nations of Canada. This one alphabet later became many alphabets.

paragraphs: Each letter represents a syllable. The letters look like triangles and curves. Different languages have some different letters to represent the sounds in their own language best.

paragraphs: By the late 19th century the Cree had achieved what may have been one of the highest literacy rates in the world.

paragraphs: James Evan was a Methodist missionary from England. He wanted to create an alphabet to teach the Cree and Ojibwe about Christianity. He got inspiration from the Devanagari alphabet from India.

paragraphs: Every consonant has the same shape. For example, the syllables that start with a "p" sound look like a V. To show that they have different vowels, the shapes are rotated. So "pe" would look like ᐯ whole "pa" would be ᐸ.

paragraphs: In some languages, words end in a final consonant, like the "t" in "cat." To show this, a small letter is added to the end of the word.

paragraphs: In some languages, diacritics are added to indicate things like vowel length.

paragraphs: Syllabics is one of the official writing systems of Nunavut. That means that government forms in Inuktitut can be written either in the Latin alphabet (ABCs) or in syllabics.


title: Bernardo P. Pardo

paragraphs: Bernardo P. Pardo (born February 11, 1932) is a Filipino politician and lawyer. Between 1995 to 1998, he was Chairman of the Commission on Elections. In 1998, President Joseph Estrada nominated him to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. He retired in 2002.

paragraphs: Pardo was born in Manila. He studied at the University of Texas.


title: Wymeswold

paragraphs: Wymeswold is a village and civil parish in the north of Leicestershire, a county in England. The 2011 census saw that around 1,296 people live there.

paragraphs: It is located north-east of Loughborough, a university town, and is very close to the border with Nottinghamshire. Nearby villages include Barrow-upon-Soar, Prestwold, Burton on the Wolds and Rempstone.

paragraphs: The village was formerly the location of RAF Wymeswold which has since closed. There is a memorial plaque on the wall of Wymeswold Pharmacy that pays tribute to when a Wellington Bomber crashed into a nearby hill while on a night training course.

paragraphs: The village has a greengrocer, a general convenience store, a pine furniture store, a gift shop, a restaurant and two public houses (The Three Crowns and The Windmill). There is also a village cricket club which also includes a football pitch.


title: Regino C. Hermosisima Jr.

paragraphs: Regino Campos Hermosisima Jr. (born October 18, 1927) is a Filipino politician and lawyer. He was born in Cebu. He became a member of the Supreme Court as an Associate Justice on July 10, 1995. He retired on October 18, 1997. He was nominated by President Fidel Ramos.


title: Jose Vitug

paragraphs: Jose C. Vitug (born 15 July 1934) is a Filipino lawyer and jurist. He was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. He was appointed to the Court on June 28, 1993 by President Fidel Ramos and retired on July 15, 2004. Vitug was the Founding Dean of the Angeles University Foundation College of Law in Manila.


paragraphs: An Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines is one of 15 members of the Philippine Supreme Court, the highest court in the Philippines.

paragraphs: The Chief Justice is in charge over the High Court, but carries only one of the 15 votes in the court.

paragraphs: Until 1973, only men were appointed as Associate Justices to the Court. Cecilia Muñoz-Palma, an appointee of President Ferdinand Marcos, was the first woman to sit on the Court.

paragraphs: Since then, 15 other women have been appointed as Associate Justices of the Supreme Court.


title: Port of Beirut

paragraphs: The Port of Beirut () is the main port in Lebanon on the eastern part of the Saint George Bay on Beirut's northern Mediterranean coast. It is west of the Beirut River. It is one of the largest and busiest ports on the Eastern Mediterranean.

paragraphs: On 4 August 2020, two large explosions happened at the port, killing at least 220 people, and injuring more than 5,000 others.


title: Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya

paragraphs: Sviatlana Hyeorhiyeuna Tsikhanouskaya (, née Pilipchuk, Піліпчук, "also trans." Svetlana Georgiyevna Tikhanovskaya, ; born 11 September 1982) is a Belarusian activist and politician. She was a presidential candidate in the 2020 Belarusian presidential election. She was born in Mikashevichy.

paragraphs: Her husband, Siahei Tsikhanouski is a YouTuber and ran for president in 2020. However he was arrested. After the arrest of her husband on 29 May, Tsikhanouskaya announced her intention to run in his place. Many people supported her campaign because the current president, Alexander Lukashenko has been seen as a dictator and very unpopular.

paragraphs: The night before the election, members of her campaign were arrested and some fled to Minsk.

paragraphs: Soon, she fled to Lithuania due to fear of imprisonment.


title: 2020 Belarusian protests

paragraphs: The 2020 Belarusian protests, nicknamed the Slipper Revolution, and the Anti-Cockroach Revolution are a series of street protests against Belarus's president Alexander Lukashenko. They began on 24 March 2020.

paragraphs: The protests are part of the Belarusian democracy movement. They are upset over the 2020 Belarusian presidential election, in which Lukashenko was controversially re-elected. Many believed the election was rigged and unfair.


title: The Naked and the Dead

paragraphs: The Naked and the Dead is a novel written by an American author named Norman Mailer. It was published in 1948. The novel was based on Mailer's experience as a cook while he was stationed in the Philippines. It is about the experiences about one platoon during World War II as they fight in the South Pacific.

paragraphs: It became very popular. It was turned into a film in 1958.

paragraphs: The story takes place on the fictional island of Anopopei in the South Pacific and is about American soldiers trying to drive off the Japanese so that they can advance into the Philippines.

paragraphs: Staff Sergeant Sam Croft, Woodrow Wilson, and Roy Gallagher are playing cards the night before a scheduled attack. They are members of a recon platoon fighting on Anopopei. The next morning, as the platoon takes boats to the island, they are nervous. Sgt. William Brown and Cpl. Stanley talk about women and the other men in their squad. The assault begins, and as the platoon waits for their turn to come to the island, they nervously joke among themselves. Once the squad reaches the beach, they dig foxholes. Stanley picks a fight with Oscar Ridges and Red Valsen, but ultimately Red knows the time is not right for a fight, and he backs down. Croft leaves to find his commanding officer. Once they’ve begun to settle in on the beach, the Japanese attack. The squad splits up. Cpl. Toglio, Hennessey, and Ridges have completed their foxholes, so they stay on the beach. Brown, Gallagher, Wilson, Red, Stanley, and Sgt. Julio Martinez run after Croft. As the beach is shelled, Hennessey panics and soils himself. He runs down the beach to try to clean his pants, but he is killed.

paragraphs: Croft pleads with higher officers to give him more men to replace those lost. He ultimately earns an extra replacement man, bringing the squad up to fourteen. Roth and Goldstein, two of the new men in the platoon, become friends because they are both Jewish.

paragraphs: The publisher would not let the word "fuck" be in the novel, so Mailer used the word "fug" to replace it.


title: Oliviu Gherman

paragraphs: Oliviu Gherman (26 April 1930 – 11 August 2020) was a Romanian physicist, politician, university professor and diplomat. He was a member of the Romanian Senate between 1990 through 2004. He was the Senate President between 1992 to 1996. Between 2001 to 2004, he was the Romanian Ambassador to France.

paragraphs: Gherman died on 11 August 2020 at the age of 90.


title: Elaine Devry

paragraphs: Elaine Devry (born Thelma Elaine Mahnken; January 10, 1930) is an American actress.

paragraphs: Her first movie was "The Atomic Kid", in which she and her husband Mickey Rooney co-starred. Devry made three guest appearances on "Perry Mason", including the title role of defendant Janice Wainwright in the 1962 episode "The Case of the Shapely Shadow."

paragraphs: She also appeared in many other popular television series, including "Death Valley Days", "Bonanza", "77 Sunset Strip", "Burke's Law", "Family Affair", "I Dream of Jeannie", "Marcus Welby, M.D.", "Dragnet", and "Tales of Wells Fargo".


title: Martha Vickers

paragraphs: Martha Vickers (May 28, 1925 – November 2, 1971) was an American model and actress.

paragraphs: She played minor roles in many movies during the early 1940s. She played the drug-addicted younger sister of Lauren Bacall's character in "The Big Sleep" (1946). She also starred in a musical, "The Time, the Place and the Girl" (also 1946). She also starred in "Love and Learn" and "That Way with Women" (both 1947).

paragraphs: Vickers died of esophageal cancer at a hospital in Los Angeles on November 2, 1971 at the age of 46.


title: Lorenzo Lamas

paragraphs: Lorenzo Fernando Lamas (born January 20, 1958) is an American actor. He is best known for his role of Lance Cumson in the soap opera "Falcon Crest" (1981–1990).

paragraphs: Lamas is also known for his roles as Reno Raines in the crime drama series "Renegade" (1992–1997), and Hector Ramirez in the soap opera "The Bold and the Beautiful" (2004–2006).


title: Fernando Lamas

paragraphs: Fernando Álvaro Lamas y de Santos (January 9, 1916October 8, 1982) was an Argentine-American actor and director. He was known for playing the "Latin Lover" in many movies during the 1940s and 1950s.

paragraphs: In 1951, Lamas starred as Paul Sarnac in the musical, "Rich, Young and Pretty" with Jane Powell. He also starred in "The Law and the Lady" (1952) which was very unpopular.

paragraphs: He also starred alongside Elizabeth Taylor in "The Girl Who Had Everything" (1952).

paragraphs: He is the father of actor Lorenzo Lamas. He was married to Arlene Dahl between 1954 to 1960. He was also married to Esther Williams between 1969 until his death.


title: Female Go players

paragraphs: This is an article about the history of Female Go players.

paragraphs: Female Go players are viewed to be a minority. This is due to these reasons:

paragraphs: These are caused by many reasons. One factor is they retire earlier due to marriage, pregnancy and maternity.

paragraphs: In Japan, Go players are always compared with shogi players. This is because newspapers like Asahi Shinbun treat them equal. But there is a big difference among female players. Female Go players usually belong to the same organization with others. But this does not happen for shogi. Female shogi players belong to the Ladies Professional Shogi Association (LPSA). The others belong to the Japan Shogi Association (JSA). Some LPSA players like Kana Satomi have tried to enter JSA. But currently, no one has entered.

paragraphs: In Europe, there were no notable female players before Svetlana Shikshina and Diana Koszegi. In order to increase female players, the European Go Federation is holding the European Womens Go Championship (EWGC) since 1996 and the European Pair Go Championship (EPGC) since 1997.

paragraphs: Kansai Ki-in has eased the age rules to female players. At Nihon Ki-in, there is a special exam for female players. Most female professionals (except Xie Yimin and Keiko Kato etc.) have got their pro status by this way. In 2019, Nihon Ki-in has started a female player test system to give more support to them. Nihon Ki-in is also sponsoring female amateur games.

paragraphs: This is a tournament operated with the All Japan Student Go Federation. Some winners have got pro status, or became top amateur players. Only players who cleared regional games can attend.

paragraphs: The All Japan Female Amateur Go Championship is the highest match for female amateur Go players. Some winners have became a pro. The next table shows the notable winners.

paragraphs: Kaori Chinen, Yukari Yoshihara and Rina Fujisawa also joined this game.


title: Rahat Indori

paragraphs: Rahat Indori (1 January 1950 – 11 August 2020) was an Indian Bollywood lyricist and Urdu poet. He was also a former professor of Urdu language and a painter. He was a language professor at Devi Ahilya University, Indore. As a movie score composer, his best known works were "Khuddar", "Mission Kashmir" and "". Indori was born in Indore, Madhya Pradesh.

paragraphs: Indori died on 11 August 2020 at a hospital in Indore from COVID-19, aged 70. He was tested positive for the infection the night before.


title: Mohammad Javad Zarif

paragraphs: Mohammad Javad Zarif (; ; born c. 7 January 1960) is an Iranian politician. He has been foreign minister of Iran since 2013. He helped end the economic sanctions against Iran from many countries on 16 January 2016.

paragraphs: On 25 February 2019, Zarif resigned from his post as foreign minister. His resignation was rejected by President Hassan Rouhani.


title: A16 autoroute

paragraphs: The A16, also called "L'Européenne" (The European) in French, is an autoroute (motorway) in France. It goes between Paris and the border with Belgium near Ghyvelde. It goes through Amiens, Calais and Dunkirk. It is part of the European route E40. The autoroute is about long in total.


title: Isabelle Fuhrman

paragraphs: Isabelle Fuhrman (born February 25, 1997) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles as Esther in the 2009 horror movie "Orphan" and Clove in the 2012 dystopian adventure movie "The Hunger Games".


title: Shakuntala Devi

paragraphs: Shakuntala Devi (4 November 1929 – 21 April 2013) was an Indian writer and mental calculator. She was popularly known as the "Human Computer". Devi wanted to make mathematics easier for students.

paragraphs: Her talent earned her a place in the 1982 edition of "The Guinness Book of World Records". However, the certificate for the record was given posthumously on 30 July 2020, despite Devi achieving her world record on 18 June 1980.


title: Vidya Balan

paragraphs: Vidya Balan (pronounced ; born 1 January 1979) is an Indian actress.

paragraphs: She was awarded the Padma Shri by the Government of India in 2014.

paragraphs: Vidya is known for her roles in "Paa" (2009), the black comedy "Ishqiya" (2010), the thrillers "No One Killed Jessica" and "Kahaani" (2012), and the biopic "The Dirty Picture" (2011).


title: Cheraw, South Carolina

paragraphs: Cheraw ( , ) is a town on the Pee Dee River in Chesterfield County South Carolina, United States. The population was 5,851 at the 2010 census. It has been nicknamed "The Prettiest Town in Dixie".


title: Jodrell Bank Observatory

paragraphs: The Jodrell Bank Observatory a radio telescope in Cheshire. It picks up radio waves from outer space. Jodrell Bank is mainly used for investigating radio waves from the planets and stars.

paragraphs: It was the idea of its first director, Bernard Lovell, to use radio signals to investigate cosmic rays. Lovell, Professor of Astronomy at Manchester University, had worked on radar in World War II. The observatory was set up in 1945.

paragraphs: It has been used to research meteoroids, quasars, pulsars, masers and gravitational lenses. It was heavily involved in tracking space probes.

paragraphs: The main telescope at the observatory is the Lovell Telescope. It has diameter of , and is the third largest steerable radio telescope in the world. There are three other active telescopes at the observatory.

paragraphs: The Jodrell Bank Observatory is the base of the Multi-Element Radio Linked Interferometer Network (MERLIN), a "National Facility" run by the University of Manchester. What this means is that radio telescopes can work together to form a long baseline to better collect data from an important phenomenon. There are three other active telescopes at the observatory; the Mark II, and and 7 m diameter radio telescopes.

paragraphs: The telescope discovered radio noise from the Great Nebula in Andromeda—the first definite detection of an extragalactic radio source—and the remains of Tycho's Supernova in the radio frequency. At that time, Tycho's Supervova had not been discovered by regular light telescopes.


title: New Town, Edinburgh

paragraphs: The New Town is in the central area in Edinburgh, Scotland. Together with the Old Town, it became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1995.

paragraphs: It was built in stages between 1767 and around 1850. It kept much of its original neoclassical and Georgian period architecture. It is most famous for Princes Street. It faces the Edinburgh Castle and the Old Town.


title: Tycho's Supernova

paragraphs: Tycho's Supernova also called SN 1572 or B Cassiopeiae (B Cas) – was a supernova of Type Ia in the constellation Cassiopeia. It is one of eight supernovae visible to the naked eye in historical records. It appeared in early November 1572 and was independently discovered by many people. It is called Tycho's because Tycho Brahe published a book the next year about what he and other astronomers saw.

paragraphs: The remains of the supernova was first detected by radio telescopes. It was often known as 3C 10, which is a radio-source designation, but now people call it Tycho's supernova remnant. It can be seen by light telescope.


title: Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City

paragraphs: The sites have been nominated to UNESCO in January 2003. By March 2004, ICOMOS recommended the Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City as a World Heritage Site. It was accepted under cultural basis: ii, iii and iv.

paragraphs: In 2012, the proposed construction of Liverpool Waters project caused for the sites to be included in the List of World Heritage in Danger. In July 2017, UNESCO warned it may lose its status because of the development plans.

paragraphs: The English Heritage argued against the Liverpool Waters development. It believes that it may lead some of Liverpool's most significant historic buildings to be “severely compromised”.


title: Theaceae

paragraphs: The Theaceae is a family of plants in the order Ericales. They contain the genus "Camellia", used to make tea. They have around 7 to 40 genera.


title: Supinfo

paragraphs: Supinfo is a renowned graduate engineering school in France. It is in a campus of IONIS Education Group. It has been created in 1965. The school is recognized by the French State since 1972.


title: Sabang tree frog

paragraphs: The Sabang tree frog ("Nyctimystes sanguinolenta") is a tree frog from New Guinea. Scientists have seen it in the Baliem Valley and other places not high above sea level in Indonesia.


title: Old Town, Edinburgh

paragraphs: The Old Town () is oldest part of Edinburgh. It preserved much of its medieval street plan and buildings. Together with New Town, it forms a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

paragraphs: The main street in the Old Town is called the "Royal Mile". It runs on a downwards path from Edinburgh Castle to Holyrood Palace and the ruined Holyrood Abbey.

paragraphs: The streets are not officially called The Royal Mile in terms of legal addresses. The actual street names (running west to east) are Castlehill, Lawnmarket, High Street, Canongate and Abbey Strand.

paragraphs: Notable buildings in the Old Town include St. Giles' Cathedral, the General Assembly Hall of the Church of Scotland, the National Museum of Scotland, the Old College of the University of Edinburgh and the Scottish Parliament Building. The area is known to have underground vaults and hidden passages that are relics of old phases of construction.

paragraphs: In addition to the Royal Mile, the Old Town may be divided into various areas from west to east:

paragraphs: In 1824, a major fire known as Great Fire of Edinburgh, destroyed most of the buildings on the south side of the High Street. During the Edinburgh International Festival, the High Street and Hunter Square become gathering points. Performers in the Fringe advertise their shows, often through street performances.

paragraphs: On 7 December 2002, the Cowgate fire destroyed a small but dense group of old buildings on the Cowgate and South Bridge. It destroyed the famous comedy club, The Gilded Balloon. Other areas affected were the Informatics Department of the University of Edinburgh. The vast artificial intelligence library was also damaged. The site was redeveloped 2013-2014. There now stands a single new building which largely used as a hotel.


title: Lantz, Navarre

paragraphs: Lantz is a village in Navarre, Spain. It still maintains its old tradition of rural carnival.


title: Balsaminaceae

paragraphs: The Balsaminaceae is a family of two genera and around 850 to 1,000 species, mostly in the genus "Impatiens". The two genera in this family are "Impatiens" and "Hydrocera".


title: Vyacheslav Volodin

paragraphs: Vyacheslav Viktorovich Volodin (; born 4 February 1964) is a Russian politician. He is the 10th Chairman of the State Duma since 5 October 2016.

paragraphs: Volodin was Vladimir Putin's aide. He was the Secretary-General of the United Russia party. He was also a deputy in the State Duma from 1999-2001.

paragraphs: From 2010 until 2012, he was Deputy Prime Minister of Russia. He was also a first deputy Chief of Staff of the Presidential Administration of Russia. He also helped in Putin's third term.


title: NGC 4754

paragraphs: NGC 4754 is a barred lenticular galaxy in the Virgo constellation. It was discovered on on March 15, 1784 by astronomer William Herschel.


title: Hiroe Nakai

paragraphs: Nakai was selected to be the first representative director of The Ladies Professional Shogi-player's Association of Japan (LPSA) after it was established in 2007. She served in that position until 2010.

paragraphs: She has obtained 19 major titles in her career. This is a 3rd place record in Japanese shogi history.

paragraphs: Nakai received a number of Japan Shogi Association Annual Shogi Awards and other awards in recognition of her accomplishments in shogi and contributions made to Japanese society.


title: St Martin's Church, Canterbury

paragraphs: The Church of St Martin is an old Church of England church in Canterbury, England. It is best known as having the longest continuous history as a parish church in the English-speaking world. It is often known as "The first church founded in England". Although there were already Roman and Celtic churches had existed for centuries. Together with the Canterbury Cathedral and St Augustine's Abbey, they are part of a World Heritage Site.

paragraphs: Since 1668 the church has been part of the benefice of St Martin and St Paul Canterbury. Both St Martin's and nearby St Paul's churches are used for weekly services. The current rector of the parish is the Reverend Mark Richard Griffin.

paragraphs: St Martin's was the private chapel of Queen Bertha of Kent (died in or after 601). Queen Bertha was a Christian Frankish princess who arrived in England with her chaplain, Bishop Liudhard. Her pagan husband, King Æthelberht of Kent, let her to continue to practise her religion by renovating (ca. AD 580) an existing church. As Bede named it, this church was dedicated to Saint Martin of Tours. It is the city located near where Bertha grew up.

paragraphs: Upon Augustine's arrival, he used St Martin's as his mission headquarters. King Æthelberht was baptised here. When Canterbury Cathedral and St Augustine's Abbey were established, St Martin's lost its initial prestige. However, it still remains of historical importance.

paragraphs: Local finds prove that Christianity did exist in this area of the city at the time. The church contains many reused Roman bricks or spolia. It also has complete sections of walls of Roman tiles. At the core of the church the brick remains of a Roman tomb were integrated into the structure. Several sections of walls are clearly very early. It is possible that a blocked square-headed doorway in the chancel was the entrance to Bertha's church. Meanwhile, other sections of wall come from the period after the Gregorian mission in the 7th or 8th centuries. The apse that was originally at the east end has been removed. The tower came much later, in Perpendicular style. The church is a Grade I listed building.

paragraphs: Many notable local families and well-known graves were buried in its churchyard. These people include:

paragraphs: The church has a continuing musical tradition from the monks of St Augustine to the present day. The choral director for the parish is Dom del Nevo.

paragraphs: The tower has three bells set for swing-chiming using levers.


title: Euronews

paragraphs: Euronews is a pan-European TV news channel, with headquarters in Lyon, France. Right now, it broadcasts in 13 languages. 88% of the channel is owned by Media Globe Networks, a company which belongs to Egyptian billionaire Naguib Sawiris. The other 12% belongs to a group of EBU (European Broadcasting Union) members.

paragraphs: CNN helped make 24-hour TV news important after the Gulf War. The European Broadcasting Union answered this with the creation of their own news channel. Euronews started broadcasting on 1 January 1993, from Lyon, in five languages (English, French, German, Spanish and Italian). The channel was special in the news market because it had no presenters or studios, just videos showing the news. The channel's most important segment is "No Comment", which shows videos with no voiceover.

paragraphs: Later, the channel started broadcasting in Portuguese in 1999, in Russian in 2001, in Arabic in 2008, in Turkish and in Persian in 2010, in Ukrainian in 2011, in Greek in 2012, and in Hungarian in 2013.

paragraphs: The channel is controlled by a company called Euronews SA. When the channel started, it belonged to 10 EBU members. Today, it belongs to 20 EBU members. Organisations which have controlled Euronews when it started are marked with an asterisk.

paragraphs: Three EBU members also used to own a share in the channel, but do not anymore today. These are:

paragraphs: On 4 June 2008, Euronews got a new circle logo and a new slogan: "pure". This was meant to market itself as "pure news" distancing from other competing channels (BBC, CNN, etc.) in the 24-hour news market.

paragraphs: In February 2015, Media Globe Networks got a 53% share of Euronews SA in a deal with the company. In January 2016, the channel started a sister network called Africanews, which is aimed at an African news market, with a pan-African view. Euronews got a new logo on 17 May 2016.

paragraphs: In November 2016, NBCUniversal said they wanted to buy a share in the Euronews network. They also said they would share news reports with the channel. The deal was agreed upon in February 2017, and NBC bought a 25% share.

paragraphs: In May 2017, Euronews went from having one TV channel with 13 audio tracks, to 10 separate TV channels and 12 websites. This is part of a ’"glocal"’ idea. Now, certain language editions can offer their own selections of local and global news. By doing this, the Arabic and Persian services stopped TV broadcasting, and they are now only on social media and the Euronews website. The Ukrainian service was closed because the Ukrainian government was not giving it money.

paragraphs: In 2018, the English Euronews channel started its first news shows with live presenters. Then, other Euronews language editions did the same and started their own presented evening news shows too.

paragraphs: In April 2020, NBC left the channel and sold its share to Media Globe Networks. MGN now owns 88% of Euronews.


title: Fips Asmussen

paragraphs: Fips Asmussen (born Rainer Pries; 30 April 1938 – 9 August 2020) was a German comedian and entertainer. He was known for his quick delivery of puns and bad jokes. Asmussen was born in Hamburg. His later comedy performances became known for unfunny and mostly politically incorrect.

paragraphs: Asmussen died on 9 August 2020 in Querfurt, Saxony-Anhalt at the age of 82.


title: Rose of Washington Square

paragraphs: Rose of Washington Square is a 1939 American musical drama movie directed by Gregory Ratoff and stars Tyrone Power, Alice Faye, Al Jolson, Moroni Olsen, Winifred Harris, Joyce Compton, William Frawley, Ralph Dunn, Louis Prima. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.


title: Vinka Lucas

paragraphs: Vinka Dragica Lucas (née Ravlich/Ravlić; 1931/1932 – 10 August 2020) was a Croatian-born New Zealand fashion and bridalwear designer and business owner. She was co-founder of "New Zealand Bride" magazine. In 1959 Lucas and her husband David Lucas bought a fashion and dressmaking business in Hamilton. In 1963, the couple published a booklet of bridal designs, which later grew into the magazine "New Zealand Bride".

paragraphs: In the 2019 New Year Honours, Lucas was appointed a Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit.

paragraphs: She died in Auckland on 10 August 2020, aged 88.


title: Trini Lopez

paragraphs: Trinidad "Trini" López III (May 13, 1937August 11, 2020) was an American singer, guitarist, and actor.

paragraphs: His first album included a version of "If I Had a Hammer", which earned a Golden Disc for him. His other hits included "Lemon Tree", "I'm Comin' Home, Cindy" and "Sally Was a Good Old Girl".

paragraphs: He designed two guitars for the Gibson Guitar Corporation.

paragraphs: He starred as Pedro Jimenez in the 1967 war movie "The Dirty Dozen".

paragraphs: Lopez never married and had no children.

paragraphs: Lopez died on August 11, 2020 at a hospital in Palm Springs, California from COVID-19, aged 83.


title: Juan Pastor Marco

paragraphs: Juan Pastor Marco (24 November 1951 – 11 August 2020) was a Spanish politician. He was a member of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE). In 1977, he was elected to the Spanish Congress of Deputies representing Valencia Province.

paragraphs: He then was Secretary General of the PSOE in the Valencian Community from 1978 to 1979. He retired in 1982. He was born in Orba, Alicante.

paragraphs: Pastor Marco died on 11 August 2020, aged 68.


title: The Dirty Dozen

paragraphs: The Dirty Dozen is a 1967 war movie starring Lee Marvin and featuring an ensemble supporting cast including Ernest Borgnine, Charles Bronson, Jim Brown, John Cassavetes, George Kennedy, Robert Ryan, Telly Savalas, Robert Webber and Donald Sutherland with Trini Lopez. It was directed by Robert Aldrich.

paragraphs: The screenplay is based on the 1965 bestseller by E. M. Nathanson.


title: Robert Ryan

paragraphs: Robert Bushnell Ryan (November 11, 1909July 11, 1973) was an American actor and activist. He was known for playing tough cops and ruthless villains. He worked in theater and movies. Ryan was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his rolein "Crossfire" (1947)".

paragraphs: Ryan died of lung cancer in New York City on July 11, 1973 at the age of 63.


title: Robert Webber

paragraphs: Robert Laman Webber (October 14, 1924 – May 19, 1989) was an American actor. He was known for his role as Juror No. 12 in the classic 1957 movie "12 Angry Men". He also starred as General Denton in the 1967 war movie "The Dirty Dozen".

paragraphs: Webber died from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis at the age of 64 in Malibu, California on May 19, 1989.


title: A2 road (England)

paragraphs: The A2 is an important road in South East England. It goes between London and Dover. In Dover, it connects to the port to France. The road follows tracks used by the Celts and the Romans over a thousand years ago. It once linked to the three main Roman ports: Rutupiae (now Richborough), Dubris (now Dover) and Portus Lemanis (in modern Lympne). It was given the name "A2" in the 1920s. Now, the road is about long.


title: The Hunters (1996 movie)

paragraphs: The Hunters () is a 1996 Swedish thriller movie directed by Kjell Sundvall and starring Rolf Lassgård, Lennart Jähkel, Jarmo Mäkinen, Tomas Norström, Göran Forsmark, and Rolf Degerlund. The sequel was followed in 2011.


title: HUMINT

paragraphs: HUMINT (an abbreviation of Human Intelligence) is intelligence information got from personal contacts. It is a term used in the spy community of the NATO countries.

paragraphs: Sources may be neutral, friendly, or hostile. They may or may not know they are giving information. Examples of HUMINT sources are:


title: About Us (movie)

paragraphs: About Us () is a 2016 Costa Rican American drama movie directed by Hernán Jiménez (who also stars) and starring Noelia Castaño, Marina Glezer.


title: Shyamala Gopalan

paragraphs: Shyamala Gopalan was an India-born Tamil American civil rights activist and cancer researcher. She is the mother of Kamala Harris. Gopalan conducted research in the Cancer Research Lab in UC Berkeley's Department of Zoology. Her research led to advancements in the knowledge of breast cancer hormones. Her work changed the progress on the research of the hormone-responsiveness of breast tissue.


title: Elephant Island

paragraphs: Elephant Island is an ice-covered, mountainous island off the coast of Antarctica. It is at the edge of the South Shetland Islands, in the Southern Ocean. It has an area of 558 km², and its highest elevation is 973 metres.


title: Nyctimystes traunae

paragraphs: Nyctimystes traunae is a tree frog from Papua New Guinea. It lives on mountains in the middle of the island. Scientists saw it about 800 meters above sea level.


title: Katherine Swynford

paragraphs: Katherine Swynford, Duchess of Lancaster (born Katherine de Roet, c. 1350 – 10 May 1403), was the third wife of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, a son of King Edward III of England. She was the daughter of Paon de Roet, a knight.


title: Sonic X-treme

paragraphs: Sonic X-treme was a platform game developed by Sega Technical Institute. It was being creating from 1994 until Sega cancelled it in 1997. It was meant to be the first 3D "Sonic the Hedgehog" game. It was also meant to be the first new "Sonic" game for the Sega Saturn. It built on past "Sonic" games. However, it had new things to take "Sonic" into the 3D era of video games. The story followed Sonic on his journey to stop Dr. Robotnik; Robotnik was trying to steal six magic rings from Tiara Boobowski and her father.


title: Lorna Beal

paragraphs: Lorna Beal ("née" Larter; 28 November 1923 – 10 August 2020) was an Australian cricketer. She played seven Test matches for the Australian women's cricket team between 1948 and 1951.

paragraphs: Beal was born in Hawthorn, Victoria. She died in 2020 at the age of 96.


title: Virtute et armis

paragraphs: Virtute et armis is a Latin phrase meaning "By valor and arms". It is the state motto of Mississippi. It may have come from the motto of Lord Gray De Wilton, ""virtute non armis fido"" ("I trust in virtue, not in arms").


title: Tetum language

paragraphs: The Tetum language (Tetum or Tetun) is a language spoken in East Timor. It has a lot of influence from Portuguese.


title: Christopher Knights

paragraphs: Christopher Knights is an English voice actor, film editor, and cinematographer. He is best known for providing the voice of Private the Penguin in "Madagascar". He also worked on several DreamWorks movies such as "Shrek", "Shrek 2", "Shrek the Third" and "Shrek 4-D."

paragraphs: He started his filming career at Amblimation studios. He worked on "We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story" and "Balto". He started his editing and acting career at DreamWorks. He worked on the "Shrek" series as an associate editor. He was also voice of the Three Blind Mice and Thelonious, Lord Farquaad's Henchman.


Tom McGrath


title: Don't Forget the Lyrics!

paragraphs: Don't Forget the Lyrics! is a sing-along game show that aired from 2007 to 2011.


title: Innu

paragraphs: The Innu (or Montagnais) are an Indigenous people group who live in Quebec and Newfoundland.

paragraphs: They lived as hunter-gatherers. Then the Canadian government moved them away from their homeland and forced them to practice Western lifestyles.

paragraphs: The Innu call the territory they live in "Nitassinan" ("Our Land").

paragraphs: The Canadian government forced the Innu to live in permanent communities instead of letting them practice their nomadic lifestyle. They also forced them to go to schools run by churches. In those schools, the Innu were not allowed to practice their religion or speak their language. Because of all the wrong things done to the Innu, they have a lot of social problems. On one hand, they lost a lot of knowledge about their traditional ways. On the other hand, the schools did not prepare them well enough to live in Western society and they still faced racism because they were Indigenous.


title: The Unit (TV series)

paragraphs: The Unit is an American television series that aired on CBS from March 7, 2006, to May 10, 2009.


title: The Twilight Zone (2002 TV series)

paragraphs: The Twilight Zone is the revivals of Rod Serling's original 1959–64 television series. It aired the final episode on May 21, 2003.


title: The Tour of Gymnastics Superstars

paragraphs: The Tour of Gymnastics Superstars was a nationwide concert tour of gymnasts from the United States.


title: Thérèse Raquin

paragraphs: Thérèse Raquin is a book by the French author Émile Zola.

paragraphs: An orphan girl named Thérèse Raquin is sent to live with her aunt, Madame Raquin, and her cousin Camille, who is very "sick" with hypochondriasis. When Thérèse is 21, she marries Camille. The three of them then move to Paris.

paragraphs: Laurent, a childhood friend of Camille and an untalented artist, meets Thérèse. The two of them have an affair and plan to kill Camille so they can be with each other. They do this by pushing him off a boat into the Seine River. Everyone believes that Camille's drowning is an accident. Thérèse and Laurent then marry each other. However, they are haunted by their actions. Laurent becomes a talented artist but his paintings remind him of Camille.

paragraphs: Madame Raquin finds out that Thérèse and Laurent killed Camille when they argue with each other. However, she is paralyzed after a stroke and so cannot tell others.

paragraphs: Thérèse and Laurent hate each other. They plan to kill each other. Then they realize each other's plans and kill themselves with poison in front of Madame Raquin.


title: The New Adventures of Old Christine

paragraphs: The New Adventures of Old Christine is an American sitcom television series starring Julia Louis-Dreyfus.


title: Stonehaven derailment

paragraphs: The Stonehaven derailment was a railway accident. It happened at around 09:40 BST on 12 August 2020. It happened near Carmont. Carmont is west of Stonehaven. They are in Aberdeenshire, in Scotland.

paragraphs: At least three people died. Six others were injured. It was the first train derailment in the United Kingdom to kill people since the Grayrigg derailment in February 2007.

paragraphs: It was the worst crash involving an InterCity 125 train since the Ufton Nervet collision. That was in 2004.

paragraphs: The accident was caused by a landslide. Mud slid onto the tracks.


title: Le Robert

paragraphs: Le Robert is a town and the third-largest commune in the French overseas department of Martinique. It is located in the northeastern (Atlantic) side of the island of Martinique.


title: Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi

paragraphs: Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi (born October 1976, ; alternative transliterations al-Qurayshi and al-Quraishi) is the second and current leader of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.

paragraphs: In January 2020, media reported his true identity is Amir Mohammed Abdul Rahman al-Mawli al-Salbi (). His appointment by a shura council was announced by ISIL media on 31 October 2019, less than a week after the death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi.

paragraphs: The U.S. Rewards for Justice Program offers up to $10 million reward to information that brings him to justice.


paragraphs: The Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape is a World Heritage site. It includes select mining landscapes in Cornwall and West Devon. The site was added to the. It was added on the list in Vilnius on July 2006. Plans to restart mining at South Crofty and to build a supermarket at Hayle Harbour caused the World Heritage Committee to be submitted on the List of World Heritage in Danger in 2014. The proposal was rejected at the 38th Committee Session at Doha, Qatar on July 2014). Instead, they agreed on a follow-up Reactive Monitoring Mission.

paragraphs: Devon made around 25-40% of the amount of tin that Cornwall did up to the mid-16th century. However, the total amount of tin made in both Cornwall and Devon during this time was relatively small. After the 1540s, Cornwall's production took off while Devon's production was only about between a ninth to a tenth of that of Cornwall.

paragraphs: From the mid-16th century onwards, the Devon Stannaries were giving very little in income to the King. They were sidelined as such following the Supremacy of Parliament Act 1512 (this does not apply to the Stannaries of Cornwall).

paragraphs: The landscapes of Cornwall and West Devon were reshaped during the 18th and 19th centuries by the mining for copper and tin trade. The underground mines, engine houses, foundries, new towns, smallholdings, ports, harbours, and other supporting industries together reflect the development that allowed the region to produce two-thirds of the world's supply of copper.

paragraphs: During the late 19th century, arsenic production came in the east of Cornwall and West Devon. As a result, the region supplied half the world’s demand.

paragraphs: The World Heritage site consists of individual but topical linked areas around Cornwall and West Devon. The areas (with the area codes from the site nomination) are:


title: Gordon J. Brand

paragraphs: Gordon John Brand (6 August 1955 – 11 August 2020) was an English professional golfer.

paragraphs: Brand turned professional in 1976 and enjoyed full playing privileges on the European Tour for 20 years.

paragraphs: During his time on tour, he finished inside the top 30 on the Order of Merit seven times and inside the top 100 16 times.

paragraphs: His highest ranking came in 1986, fifth place, in which year he finished as runner-up to Greg Norman in the Open Championship at Turnberry. In 1981, he won the Tooting Bec Cup after posting a round of 65.

paragraphs: Brand died on 11 August 2020 at the age of 65, following a short illness.


title: Walter Carrington

paragraphs: Walter C. Carrington (July 24, 1930 – August 11, 2020) was an American diplomat. He was the United States Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Senegal and Nigeria. He worked during the presidencies of Jimmy Carter and Bill Clinton. He was ambassador to Senegal between 1980 to 1981 and to Nigeria between 1993 to 1997. He was born in New York City.

paragraphs: Carrington died on August 11, 2020 at the age of 90.


Blaublitz Akita


title: Belle du Berry

paragraphs: Belle du Berry (1966 – 11 August 2020) was a French singer-songwriter, and actress. She was born in Bourges, France. In 1992, she worked with Philippe Decouflé to choreograph the ballets for the opening of the 1992 Winter Olympics. She was known for being a member of the Paris Combo.

paragraphs: In 2009, du Berry wrote a collection of new songs with David Lewis as the trumpeter and pianist.

paragraphs: Du Berry died of cancer in Le Kremlin-Bicêtre on 11 August 2020.


title: François-Mathurin Gourvès

paragraphs: François-Mathurin Gourvès (17 June 1929 – 12 August 2020) was a French Roman Catholic bishop. He was Bishop of Vannes from 1991 to 2005, and was Bishop Emeritus from 2005 to 2020. He was born in Plougastel-Daoulas, France.

paragraphs: Gourvès died on 12 August 2020 in Saint-Anne-d'Auray, France at the age of 91.


title: Geoffrey Nunberg

paragraphs: Geoffrey Nunberg (June 1, 1945– August 11, 2020) was an American semantician and author.

paragraphs: In 2001 he received the Linguistics, Language, and the Public Interest Award from the Linguistic Society of America for his works to National Public Radio's "Fresh Air".

paragraphs: He published many popular press books including "" (2004).

paragraphs: Nunberg began working as a postdoctoral scholar at the University of California Berkeley and visiting professor at Stanford University. In the mid-1980s he moved to the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center where he worked until 2001.

paragraphs: Nunberg died August 11, 2020 from glioblastoma at his home in San Francisco at the age of 75.


title: Francisco José Cox

paragraphs: Francisco José Cox Huneeus (18 December 1933 – 12 August 2020) was a Chilean archbishop of the Catholic Church. He was a member of Schoenstatt Movement. He was Bishop of Chillán from 1975 to 1981 and Coadjutor Archbishop of La Serena from 1985 to 1990 and Archbishop there from 1990 to 1997. He resigned following accusations that he had sexual abused young boys. He was born in Santiago de Chile.

paragraphs: Cox died on 12 August 2020 in Santiago de Chile, aged 86.


title: Mónica Miguel

paragraphs: Mónica Luiza Miguel (13 March 1936 – 12 August 2020) was a Mexican actress, telenovela director and singer. She was born in Tepic, Nayarit. She was known for her acting roles in "I Dream in Another Language", "Más allá del puente" and "Under Fire". She directed episodes of "Teresa".

paragraphs: Miguel died on 12 August 2020 in Mexico City from cancer-related problems, aged 84.


title: Howard Mudd

paragraphs: Howard Edward Mudd (February 10, 1942 – August 12, 2020) was an American football offensive lineman and coach. He was born in Midland, Michigan. Mudd played football for Hillsdale College from 1960 to 1963.

paragraphs: He then played seven seasons in the National Football League (NFL) for the San Francisco 49ers and Chicago Bears from 1964 to 1970. Mudd was a three-time Pro Bowler, in 1966, 1967, and 1968. He retired in 1971. He began his coaching career at the University of California the following year.

paragraphs: From 1998 to 2009, he was the offensive line coach for the Indianapolis Colts.

paragraphs: Mudd was killed in a motorcycle crash in Seattle, Washington on August 12, 2020 at the age of 78.


title: Bill Yeoman

paragraphs: William Frank Yeoman (December 26, 1927 – August 12, 2020) was an American college football player and coach. His career began in 1962. He was the University of Houston's head coach, holding the position through 1986. In his tenure, he became the most successfull coach in school history, with an overall record of 160–108–8.

paragraphs: He was also helped racial integration of collegiate athletics in the South by being the first coach at a white school in the State of Texas to sign a black player.

paragraphs: Yeoman was born in Elnora, Indiana. He died on August 12, 2020 at the age of 92 from kidney failure and pneumonia in Houston, Texas.


title: Elnora, Indiana

paragraphs: Elnora is a town in Elmore Township, Daviess County, Indiana, United States. The population was 640 at the 2010 census.


title: Elmore Township, Daviess County, Indiana

paragraphs: Elmore Township is one of ten townships in Daviess County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 1,113.


title: Can't Help Falling in Love

paragraphs: "Can't Help Falling in Love" is a 1961 song recorded by American singer Elvis Presley for the album "Blue Hawaii" (1961). It was written by Hugo Peretti, Luigi Creatore, and George David Weiss. It was published by Gladys Music, Inc.

paragraphs: The melody is based on "Plaisir d'amour".

paragraphs: The song was initially written for a woman as "Can't Help Falling in Love with Him", which explains the first and third line ending on "in" and "sin" rather than words rhyming with "you".

paragraphs: "Can't Help Falling in Love" was used in Presley's 1961 movie "Blue Hawaii".


title: Haley Reinhart

paragraphs: Haley Elizabeth Reinhart (born September 9, 1990) is an American singer-songwriter and actress.

paragraphs: She is known for placing third in the tenth season of "American Idol". In July 2011, Reinhart signed a recording deal with Interscope Records.

paragraphs: Her debut album "Listen Up!" was released on May 22, 2012. She became the first "American Idol" alumna to perform at Lollapalooza.


title: Bob Moore

paragraphs: Bob Loyce Moore (born November 30, 1932) is an American session musician, orchestra leader, and bassist. He was a member of the Nashville A-Team during the 1950s and 1960s.

paragraphs: He performed on over 17,000 documented recording sessions with many popular singers such as with Elvis Presley and Roy Orbison. He is also the father of multi-instrumentalist R. Stevie Moore.


title: Ray Walker (singer)

paragraphs: Ray Walker (born March 16, 1934) is an American singer and musician. He is a member of the singing group The Jordanaires. Walker has been the bass singer for the group since 1958. During his tenure with The Jordanaires, the group was added into the Country Music Hall of Fame.


title: The Jordanaires

paragraphs: The Jordanaires were an American vocal quartet that formed as a gospel group in 1948. They are known for providing background vocals for Elvis Presley, in live appearances and recordings from 1956 to 1972.

paragraphs: The group has also worked in the recording studio, on stage, and on television with many other country and rock and roll artists.


title: Spring Valley, New York

paragraphs: Spring Valley is a suburb of New York City. It is a village in the towns of Ramapo and Clarkstown in Rockland County, New York, United States.


title: Ramapo, New York

paragraphs: Ramapo is a town in Rockland County, New York, United States. It was originally formed as New Hampstead, in 1791. It shares its name with the Ramapo River. As of the 2010 census, Ramapo had a total population of 126,595.


title: Tamannaah

paragraphs: Tamanna Bhatia (born 21 December 1989), known professionally as Tamannaah, is an Indian actress and model. She was born in Mumbai. She appears in Tamil and Telugu movies.

paragraphs: Her best known movies were "Ayan" (2009), "Paiyaa" (2010), "Siruthai" (2011), "Veeram" (2014), "Dharma Durai" (2016), "Devi" (2016) and "Sketch" (2018).

paragraphs: She received the "Dayawati Modi" Award in 2017.


title: Spanish naming customs

paragraphs: Spanish naming customs are traditions for naming children as used in Spain.

paragraphs: A person's name consists of a given name (simple or composite) followed by two surnames. Historically, "the first surname was the father's first surname", and the second the mother's first surname.

paragraphs: In recent years, the order of the surnames in a family is done when registering the first child. However, the traditional order is still largely the choice. Often, the practice is to use one given name and the first surname most of the time (e.g. "Miguel de Unamuno" for Miguel de Unamuno y Jugo). The complete name being usually reserved for legal, formal, and documentary matters.

paragraphs: Both surnames are sometimes used when the first surname is very common (e.g., Federico García Lorca, Pablo Ruiz Picasso or José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero) to get a more customized name. In these cases, it is even common to use only the second surname, as in "Lorca", "Picasso" or "Zapatero". This does not affect alphabetization: "Lorca", the Spanish poet, must be alphabetized in an index under "García Lorca" and not "Lorca".


title: Carlo Rolandi

paragraphs: Carlo Rolandi (2 July 1926 – 8 August 2020) was an Italian sailor. With Agostino Straulino, he finished 4th in the Star competition at the 1960 Summer Olympics. He was born in Naples. Rolandi was the president of the Italian Sailing Federation from 1981 to 1988.


title: Jefferson (proposed Pacific state)

paragraphs: The State of Jefferson is a proposed U.S. state that would span mostly rural area of southern Oregon and northern California.

paragraphs: This region on the Pacific Coast is the most famous of several that have sought to adopt the name of Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States.

paragraphs: This region makes up most of Northern California's land but does not include San Francisco or other Bay Area counties that account for the majority of Northern California's population.

paragraphs: If the proposal were ever approved, the new state's capital city would have to be determined by a constitutional convention. Yreka, California, was named the provisional capital in the original 1941 proposal. Port Orford, Oregon and Redding, California are some other possible capital city ideas.


title: Port Orford, Oregon

paragraphs: Port Orford (Tolowa: tr’ee-ghi~’- ’an’ ) is a city in Curry County on the southern coast of Oregon, United States. The population was 1,133 at the 2010 census.


title: Stan Statham

paragraphs: Stan Statham (April 7, 1939 – August 1, 2020) was an American television news anchor, activist and politician. He was born in Chico, California. He was elected as a Republican to the California State Assembly in 1976. He retired in 1994. Statham was known as a supporter of the State of Jefferson.

paragraphs: Statham died on August 1, 2020 in Oroville, California from a heart attack, aged 81.


title: Ben 10: Ultimate Alien

paragraphs: Ben 10: Ultimate Alien is a TV show that tells the story of a 15 year-old Ben Tennyson who has assumed the power of an omnitrix a space weapon in form of a watch that can turn the wielder of the watch into any alien he comes across with.


title: Twentieth Century (movie)

paragraphs: Twentieth Century is a 1934 American romantic comedy movie directed by Howard Hawks and starring John Barrymore, Carole Lombard, Walter Connolly, Roscoe Karns, Charles Lane, Etienne Girardot, Edgar Kennedy. It was distributed by Columbia Pictures.


title: Treaty of Lambeth (1212)

paragraphs: The Treaty of Lambeth was signed on 4 May 1212 by King John of England and several French counts. The Treaty of Lambeth of 1212 should not be confused with the Treaty of Lambeth of 1217, also known as the Treaty of Kingston.

paragraphs: By 1212 John had lost his Angevin possessions in France. Renaud lands had also been seized by King Philip II of France. Renaud brought other continental nobles, including Ferdinand, into a coalition against Philip. In return he was given several fiefs in England and an annuity. In the treaty agreed on 4 May 1212, each prince promised not to make a separate peace with France.

paragraphs: This treaty was part of England's retreat from France, and the collecting of all France under the rule of its king. Previously, under the conquering English kings from Normandy, the Norman kings had ruled over large parts of what is now France.


title: Zweifel's big-eyed tree frog

paragraphs: Zweifel's big-eyed tree frog ("Litoria zweifeli") is a tree frog from Papua New Guinea. It lives in forests and wetlands not near the ocean.

paragraphs: Some scientists, for example Paul Menzies, say this frog is closely related to Grant's big-eyed tree frog.

paragraphs: This frog was named after the scientist Richard George Zweifel. Zweifel described, or wrote the first formal papers about, many other frogs and wrote many studies about frogs and other amphibians.