title: Din Tai Fung

paragraphs: Ding Tai Fung is a chain restaurant founded in Taiwan, best-known for its xiaolongbao, a type of steamed dumpling. In 1972, Din Tai Fung started selling xiaolongbao and soon began to expand. The restaurant is recommended by the New York Times and the Michelin Guide. Din Tai Fung’s branches have spread around the world along with its business philosophy.

paragraphs: Din Tai Fung was originally a retail cooking oil business founded by Yang Bing-yi in 1958. Din Tai Fun got its name from Heng Tai Fung, the cooking oil company where founder Yang previously worked, and Din Mei oil, the oil supplier of Yang’s business. In 1972, as a result of the unsuccessful cooking oil business, half of the Din Tai Fung oil shop was turned into a restaurant where Yang and his wife started selling steamed dumplings, xiaolongbao. Gradually, Din Tai Fung’s xiaolongbao business made a bigger profit than its cooking oil business, so the founders decided to close the oil business and focus on the restaurant business. Din Tai Fung was then expanded to a 300-seat restaurant. The restaurant is originally located on Xinyi Road in Taipei City and could sell 4,000 pieces of xiaolongbao a day.

paragraphs: In 2000 Din Tai Fung was turned into an incorporated company by its CEO, Yang Ji-hua, son of Yang Bing-yi. Din Tai Fung’s management team was formed and a central kitchen was established. Later, Din Tai Fung’s franchise rights were offered to some overseas companies such as The Breadtalk Group and The Moment Group. Now Din Tai Fung is a chain restaurant company that operates branches around the world.

paragraphs: Since the opening of its first restaurant in Taiwan, Din Tai Fung’s aim has been to keep control of its food and service quality and make sure customers around the world have the same food experience every time they visit. Din Tai Fung requires all of its franchises to follow its business model. The company rejected several franchising requests because of concerns about not meeting its standards in its branches. The restaurant not only standardizes its recipes, but also focuses on training its staff in order to offer the same service in every branch. Customers are able to watch the chefs make xiaolongbao in the kitchen through a glass window, and Din Tai Fung does not advertise.

paragraphs: Din Tai Fung serves cuisine that originated in the region of Shanghai, and its most famous dish is a type of steamed dumpling called xiaolongbao. Din Tai Fung has very precise standards for making xiaolongbao. The dough and fillings of the xiaolongbao have to be weighed carefully. They must weigh exactly 21g, with 5g of dough and 16g of filling. Din Tai Fung’s xiaolongbao must have eighteen folds. After doing a lot of testing, the chefs found that the eighteen folds give xiaolongbao the best texture and also the best appearance.

paragraphs: Din Tai Fung also serves other Shanghai cuisine such as dumplings, buns, fried rice, wontons and noodles.

paragraphs: Din Tai Fung’s original restaurant in Taiwan was founded in 1972. Since then, Din Tai Fung has established 119 branches in 14 countries. These countries include Taiwan, Japan, the United States, mainland China, Singapore, South Korea, Indonesia, Hong Kong, Australia, Malaysia, Thailand, Macau, UAE, and the Philippines.

paragraphs: In 1993, Din Tai Fung was listed as one of the top ten restaurants in the world by the New York Times, which made it well-known on the international stage. After opening its first branch in Japan in 1996, Din Tai Fung gained more international recognition. In 2010, Din Taig Fung’s Silvercord branch in Hong Kong received the restaurant’s first Michelin Star, and it was awarded a Michelin Star for the next three years. In 2013, CNN rated Din Tai Fung as the second best franchise in the world for travelers because of its xiaolongbao.


title: Central Cornwall

paragraphs: Central Cornwall is the middle area of Cornwall. It used to be two districts, Carrick and Restormel. It is used by Cornwall Council to define the area served by Public Services.


title: Carrick

paragraphs: Carrick was a district in Cornwall. It was replaced in 2009. It was a local government district run by Carrick District Council.


title: Carrick District Council

paragraphs: Carrick District Council was a local council in Cornwall. It was closed in 2009. The jobs done by this council are now done by Cornwall Council. The council ran public services and town planning.


title: Cornwall Council

paragraphs: Cornwall Council is the local government for Cornwall. It was started in 2009. Previously Cornwall had six district councils.


title: District council

paragraphs: District councils are a type of local government in England.


title: Ouch, Lower Dir

paragraphs: Ouch is a town in Lower Dir District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.


title: Timergara

paragraphs: Timergara is a city in Lower Dir District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. It is the headquarters of Lower Dir District in Pakistan. Timergara City is located on the east bank of the Panjkora River. The people of Timergara are mainly Pashtun. The people generally wear typical pashtoon dress. Timergara connects Bajawar, Upper Dir and Chitral to the rest of Khyber Pukhtunkhwa.


title: Pakistan National Assembly

paragraphs: The National Assembly of Pakistan is the lower house of the parliament. The National Assembly has 342 seats, 272 of which are elected by the people, 60 are reserved for women and 10 for religious minorities.


title: Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal

paragraphs: Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal was a political alliance of several parties of Pakistan that opposed President Pervez Musharraf and Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz.


title: Qazi Hussain Ahmad

paragraphs: Qazi Hussain Ahmad was an Islamic scholar, democracy activist, and former leader of a Jamaat-e-Islami, an Islamist political party in Pakistan.

paragraphs: Qazi was born in 1938 in Nowshera District, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Qazi Hussain Ahmad went to Islamia College, Peshawar and got his Master of Science (MSc) degree in Geography from Peshawar University. He was a lecturer at Jehanzeb College Swat for three years.

paragraphs: Qazi Hussain Ahmad was first elected as a senator for six years in 1986 and in 1992. He resigned in 1996 to protest corrupt political system. He was elected into the National Assembly in general election 2002 from his native town, Nowshera.

paragraphs: Qazi Hussain resigned from the senate on 27 September and started a long march against the Benazir government. On 4 November 1996, Benazir Bhutto's government was dismissed by President Farooq Leghari primarily because of corruption.

paragraphs: Qazi Hussain Ahmad died on 6 January 2013 due to heart attack.


title: Constituency NA-34

paragraphs: Constituency NA-34 () is a constituency for the National Assembly of Pakistan.


title: Constituency PK-97 (Lower Dir-IV)

paragraphs: Constituency PK-97 (Lower Dir-IV) is a Parliamentary seat for the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Assembly.


title: Constituency PK-96 (Lower Dir-III)

paragraphs: Constituency PK-96 (Dir lower-III) is a constituency for the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Assembly of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.


title: Constituency PK-95 (Lower Dir-II)

paragraphs: Constituency PK-95 (Lower Dir-II) is a constituency for the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Assembly of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.


title: Constituency PK-94 (Lower Dir-I)

paragraphs: Constituency PK-94 (Lower Dir-I) is a constituency for the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Assembly in Pakistan.


title: Sivaji Ganesan filmography

paragraphs: The filmography of Sivaji Ganesan comprises 277 Tamil movies, six Telugu and eight guest roles.


title: Vadivelu filmography

paragraphs: Vadivelu is an Indian film actor, comedian and playback singer. Since the 1990s, he has acted mainly as a comedian in Tamil films and is renowned for his slapstick comedies. Vadivelu has won the Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Comedian five times for his works in "Kaalam Maari Pochu" (1996), "Vetri Kodi Kattu" (2000), "Thavasi" (2001), "Imsai Arasan 23m Pulikesi" (2006) and "Kathavarayan" (2008). He has also won the Filmfare Award for Best Comedian – Tamil two times for his work in "Chandramukhi" (2005) and "Imsai Arasan 23rd Pulikecei" (2006) and was nominated once in the Best Supporting Actor – Tamil category for "Aadhavan" (2009). He also won the Vijay Award for Best Comedian for his work in "Marudhamalai" (2007) and was nominated three times in the Best Comedian category for his work in "Aadhavan" (2009), "Nagaram" (2010) and "Kaavalan" (2011). He has acted as a hero in four films to-date: "Imsai Arasan 23rd Pulikecei" (2006), "Indiralohathil Na Azhagappan" (2008), "Tenaliraman" (2014) and "Eli" (2015).


title: Rajinikanth filmography

paragraphs: Rajinikanth is an Indian actor who has appeared in over 150 films, predominantly in Tamil cinema. He began his film career by playing antagonistic and supporting roles before graduating to a lead actor. After starring in numerous commercially successful films throughout the 1980s and 1990s, he has continued to hold a matinée idol status in the popular culture of Tamil Nadu. Writing for "Slate", Grady Hendrix called him the "biggest movie star you've probably never heard of." Rajinikanth has also worked in other Indian film industries such as Bollywood, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam and Bengali.

paragraphs: He made his cinematic debut with K. Balachander's 1975 Tamil drama "Apoorva Raagangal", in which he played a minor role of an abusive husband. He had his first major role in Balachander's Telugu drama film "Anthuleni Katha" (1976), and got his breakthrough in Tamil with "Moondru Mudichu" (1976)—also directed by Balachander. His style and mannerisms in the latter earned recognition from the audience. In 1977, he acted in 15 films, playing negative characters in most of them, including "Avargal", "16 Vayathinile", "Aadu Puli Attam" and "Gaayathri". He had positive roles in "Kavikkuyil", the Kannada film "Sahodarara Savaal", and the Telugu film "Chilakamma Cheppindi", in which he played the protagonist for the first time in his career. His role as a failed lover in S. P. Muthuraman's "Bhuvana Oru Kelvikkuri" (1977) won him critical acclaim. In 1978, he was cast as the main lead in the Tamil film "Bairavi". The same year, he received critical acclaim for his roles in "Mullum Malarum" and "Aval Appadithan"; the former earned him a Tamil Nadu State Film Award Special Prize for Best Actor. He made his Malayalam cinema debut with I. V. Sasi's fantasy drama "Allauddinum Albhutha Vilakkum" (1979), an adaptation of a story from "One Thousand and One Nights". By the end of the decade, he had worked in all South Indian languages and established a career in Tamil cinema.

paragraphs: He played dual roles in the action thriller "Billa" (1980), which was a remake of the Bollywood film "Don" (1978). It was his biggest commercial success to that point and gave him the "action-hero" image. Balachander's "Thillu Mullu" (1981), the Tamil remake of the Bollywood film "Gol Maal" (1979), was Rajinikanth's first full-length comedy film. He played triple roles in the 1982 Tamil film "Moondru Mugam", which earned him a special prize at the Tamil Nadu State Film Awards ceremony. The following year, he made his Bollywood debut with Rama Rao Tatineni's "Andha Kanoon"; it was among the top-grossing Bollywood films in 1983. Muthuraman's "Nallavanuku Nallavan" (1984) won him that year's Filmfare Award for Best Tamil Actor. In 1985, he portrayed the Hindu saint Raghavendra Swami in his 100th film "Sri Raghavendrar", a box-office failure. In the latter half of the 1980s, he starred in several films in Tamil and Hindi, including "Padikkadavan" (1985), "Mr. Bharath" (1986), "Bhagwaan Dada" (1986), "Velaikaran" (1987), "Guru Sishyan" (1988) and "Dharmathin Thalaivan" (1988). During this time, he made his debut in American cinema with a supporting role in the mystery adventure film "Bloodstone" (1988), a box-office failure.

paragraphs: Rajinikanth continued to act in Bollywood, often playing supporting roles in films such as "Hum", "Khoon Ka Karz", and "Phool Bane Angaray" (all in 1991). Mani Ratnam's Tamil film "Thalapathi" (1991), based on the Indian epic "Mahabharata", earned him critical acclaim. Suresh Krissna's "Annamalai" (1992), P. Vasu's "Mannan" (1992) and "Uzhaippali" (1993) are among his box-office successes in Tamil. He made his debut as a screenwriter with "Valli" (1993), a commercial failure. The Suresh Krissna-directed "Baashha", in which he played a crime boss, was a major commercial success in his career and earned him a "demigod" status in Tamil Nadu. Later that year he acted in K. S. Ravikumar's "Muthu", which was dubbed into Japanese. In Japan, the film grossed a record US$1.6 million in 1998 and was largely instrumental in creating a fan-base for Rajinikanth in the country. "Padayappa" (1999), his second collaboration with Ravikumar, went on to become the highest-grossing Tamil film to that point. In 2002 Rajinikanth produced, wrote and starred in the fantasy thriller "Baba", which fell short of market expectations and incurred heavy losses for its distributors. After a three-year sabbatical, he returned to acting with the comedy horror film "Chandramukhi" (2005); it went on to become the highest-grossing Tamil film to that point, and its theatrical run lasted 126 weeks at a theatre in Chennai. Rajinikanth was paid 260 million for his role in S. Shankar's "Sivaji" (2007), which made him the second-highest paid actor in Asia after Jackie Chan. He played dual roles, as a scientist and an andro-humanoid robot, in the science fiction film "Enthiran" (2010). It was India's most expensive production at the time of its release, and is among the highest-grossing Indian films of all time. He played triple roles in the 2014 animated film "Kochadaiiyaan", the first in India to be shot with motion capture technology; it was a commercial failure. Two years later, Rajinikanth played a Malaysian Tamil crime boss in Pa. Ranjith's "Kabali", which had the biggest weekend opening for an Indian film.


title: Vijay filmography

paragraphs: Vijay is an Indian actor who works in Tamil language films. He made his cinematic debut in the 1984 drama "Vetri", directed by his father, S. A. Chandrasekhar. After appearing in Chandrasekhar's films as an child artist in nearly 9 films, Vijay made his debut as a lead actor with "Naalaiya Theerpu" (1992). He followed it with a supporting role opposite Vijayakanth in "Sendhoorapandi" (1993). Vijay went on to play lead roles in his father's directorial ventures such as "Rasigan" (1994) and "Deva" (1995). Some which were successful at the box office but unsuccessful critically.

paragraphs: Vijay's first breakthrough was in 1996 with Vikraman's romance film, "Poove Unakkaga". His subsequent films, Vasanth's "Nerrukku Ner" (1997) and Fazil's "Kadhalukku Mariyadhai" (1997), were critically and commercially successful. His performance in the latter won him the Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actor. "Thulladha Manamum Thullum" (1999) earned him a Tamil Nadu state Award.

paragraphs: Vijay began the new millennium with critically and commercially successful films such as "Kushi" and "Priyamanavale". The following year, he performed in three films: "Friends", "Badri" and "Shahjahan". All of which had a 100-day theatrical run. His subsequent films "Vasegara" and "Puthiya geethai" did not do well at the box office. The success of his masala film "Thirumalai" (2003), where he was paired opposite Jyothika, changed his on-screen persona to that of an action hero. He appeared next as a kabaddi player opposite Trisha in Dharani's "Ghilli" (2004), which went on to become the most commercially successful Tamil film of the year. It was also the first Tamil film to earn 500 million (Indian rupees). His performance as a caring brother in the masala film "Thirupachi" (2005) earned him a second Tamil Nadu State Award. He continued to achieve commercial success with "Sivakasi" (2005) and "Pokkiri" (2007). Barring "Vettaikaaran" (2009), all of his subsequent releases from "Azhagiya Thamizh Magan" (2007), where he played dual roles for the first time in his career, to "Villu (2009") were average successes; and his 50th film, "Sura" (2010), was a commercial failure.

paragraphs: In 2011 Vijay's career prospects improved after he was praised for his role as a bodyguard in "Kaavalan". The following year he appeared in two films: as a college student in "Nanban" and an army officer in "Thuppakki". His performances in both films received positive critical feedback, He followed that with A. L. Vijay's "Thalaivaa" (2013) and the multi-starrer "Jilla" (2014). The latter featured him along with Mohanlal. Both films were successful. He teamed up with Murugadoss again for the action film "Kaththi" (2014). The film, which had Vijay playing dual roles as a thief and an idealist, became one of the highest-grossing Tamil films of that year. He featured as a tribal warrior in his next film, "Puli" (2015); it was a commercial failure. The following year, he played a police officer in "Theri" (2016). The film had one of the biggest openings in Tamil cinema, grossing 1.51.56 billion worldwide, and is among the highest-grossing Tamil films of all time.


title: Vivek filmography

paragraphs: Vivek (born 19 November 1961) is an Indian film actor and comedian. He has won three Filmfare Best Comedian Awards for his performances in "Run", "Saamy" and "Perazhagan". In April 2009, Vivek received the Padma Shri award by the Government of India for his contribution to the arts. He was introduced to filmdom by renowned director K. Balachander.

paragraphs: This is a complete list of films acted by comedian Vivek. His debut as a hero, Solli Adippen, however, remains unreleased.


title: M. G. Ramachandran filmography

paragraphs: M. G. Ramachandran (17 January 1917 – 24 December 1987), popularly known by his initials "MGR", was an Indian actor, director and producer who had an extensive career primarily in Tamil language films. After starring in numerous commercially successful films from the 1950s to the early 1970s, he has continued to hold a matinée idol status in Tamil Nadu. Ramachandran made his debut in Ellis R. Dungan's 1936 film "Sathi Leelavathi", where he played a police inspector. He followed it with a string of minor appearances and supporting roles in many films, notably "Ashok Kumar" (1941), where he played the general of emperor Ashoka's army, and as a captain in Dungan's "Meera" (1945).

paragraphs: Ramachandran's breakthrough came with his first lead role in A. S. A. Sami's swashbuckler film "Rajakumari" (1947) where he played a villager who marries a princess. Based on the "Arabian Nights", "Rajakumari" was a commercially successful venture. He established himself as an action hero akin to Errol Flynn and Douglas Fairbanks in Tamil cinema with "Manthiri Kumari" (1950) and "Marmayogi" (1951). Both films had political undertones which earned Ramachandran a Robin Hood persona of being a champion for the downtrodden. His performance as the caring brother Rajendran who tries to keep his family together in "En Thangai" (1952) earned him critical acclaim. In 1953, he made his debut in Malayalam films opposite B. S. Saroja in "Genova". Ramachandran continued to play roles which enabled him to adopt his ideas of fighting injustice meted out to the poor such as an outlaw in "Malaikkallan" (1954), and "Nadodi Mannan" (1958). In the latter, he featured in dual roles, as a king and a commoner, for the first time in his career. Both "Malaikkallan" and "Nadodi Mannan" were commercially successful, becoming the highest-grossing films of their respective release years. In addition to social dramas, Ramachandran received positive feedback and commercial success for fantasy swashbuckler films such as "Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum" (1956), the first South Indian full-length colour film, "Madurai Veeran" (1956), "Chakravarthi Thirumagal" (1957), and "Mahadhevi" (1957).

paragraphs: According to Ashish Rajadhyaksha and Paul Willemen in the book "Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema", the success of Ramachandran's 1961 film "Thirudathe," marked a beginning of transition to roles that had "a contemporary setting". He often played "a saintly member of an oppressed class". The act of showering love and affection for his family members was a recurring theme in his films during this period. The films he appeared in during the 1960s played a crucial part in his subsequent career as a politician. The 1963 comedy-drama film "Periya Idathu Penn" had him play a farmer who seeks revenge from his village's zamindar. The following year, he appeared in "Thozhilali" as a bus conductor who exposes the fraudulent methods of a rival bus company, and in "Padagotti" as a fisherman who resolves to end the dispute between two fishing communities. In 1965, he collaborated with Tapi Chanakya in "Enga Veettu Pillai", where he featured as twins of opposite natures, one a coward and the other courageous. He also featured in B. R. Panthulu's "Aayirathil Oruvan" the same year as a doctor who joins, and later becomes the leader of, a rebellion against a dictator. Both the films were major commercial successes. The romantic comedy "Anbe Vaa" (1966), where Ramachandran played an industrialist and was his only film under AVM Productions, is considered an antithesis of the roles he was doing during this period and was also commercially successful. He continued to achieve success at the box-office with films like "Arasa Kattalai" and "Kaavalkaaran" (both released in 1967), also garnering acclaim for the latter. Ramachandran's portrayal of twins, a club dancer and a criminal, who are separated as children in "Kudiyirundha Koyil" (1968) garnered him the Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actor. In 1969, he appeared as a prince who brings down a tyrant who usurps his throne and mistreats his people in K. Shankar's historical fiction film "Adimaippenn", and as a government clerk who masquerades as a billionaire to defeat the corrupt trio of a doctor, a builder and a merchant in "Nam Naadu" (1969). The former won him the Best Film at the Tamil Nadu State Film Awards.

paragraphs: Ramachandran began the 1970s with roles in such social dramas as "Maattukara Velan" and "Engal Thangam" (both released in 1970), both of which enjoyed commercial success. The following year, he received the National Film Award for Best Actor for his role as a cycle rickshaw driver in "Rickshawkaran", making it the first film and him the first actor from South Indian cinema to win the award. It went on to become the highest-grossing film of the year. He then directed and produced the action-adventure film "Ulagam Sutrum Valiban" (1973) where he also starred in dual roles as brothers, a scientist and a CBI officer. It became his most commercially successful film to that point. Ramachandran retired from filmmaking in 1978 to take up his duties as the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu; his last venture, entitled "Madhuraiyai Meetta Sundharapandiyan," was a commercial failure.


title: Vijayakanth filmography

paragraphs: This following is a complete list of all the films Vijayakanth has acted in:

paragraphs: Vijayakanth with his brother-in-law L. K. Sudheesh has produced films under the company Captain Cine Creations.


title: Kamal hassan filmography

paragraphs: He is also a screenwriter, director, producer, playback singer and choreographer who works primarily in the Tamil film industry. He debuted as a child actor in the 1960 Tamil film "Kalathur Kannamma", which won him the President's Gold Medal. Since then he has acted in over 200 films in several languages including: Malayalam, Hindi, Telugu, Kannada and Bengali. After a few projects as a child artist he took a break to continue his education. He later concentrated on dance choreography and worked as an assistant choreographer. During this time, he made uncredited appearances in a few films which he worked on.

paragraphs: In 1973, Kamal landed his first adult role as Thiagu in the film by K. Balachander, whom the actor considers his mentor. He continued to act in minor roles in several films such as "Sollathaan Ninaikkiren" (1973) and "Naan Avanillai" (1974), most of which were directed by Balachander. His breakthrough as an independent lead actor came with the 1974 Malayalam film "Kanyakumari". His work in it won him the Filmfare Award for Best Actor (Malayalam). Following that, he starred in a series of films in both languagesTamil and Malayalam. His breakthrough in Tamil cinema came with Balachander's "Apoorva Raagangal" (1975); the film earned him a second Filmfare Award, his first in Tamil. Between 1974 and 1978, he won six Filmfare Awards including four consecutive wins for the Best Tamil Actor. Kamal turned producer for "Raja Paarvai" (1981), in which he played the lead role of a blind musician. The film was produced under the "Hasan Brothers" banner which was later renamed Raaj Kamal Films International.

paragraphs: Kamal debuted in Bollywood with Balachander's "Ek Duuje Ke Liye" (1981), which was a remake of his 1978 Telugu film "Maro Charitra". His role as a school teacher who looks after an amnesic girl in "Moondram Pirai" (1982) won him several accolades, including the Best Actor honours at the National Film Awards and Tamil Nadu State Film Awards. His work in Ramesh Sippy's Hindi film "Saagar" (1985), a triangular love story, was nominated in both Best Actor and Best Supporting Actor categories at the 33rd Filmfare Awards. Under Raaj Kamal Films International, he produced films such as: "Vikram" (1986), "Apoorva Sagodharargal" (1989), "Thevar Magan" (1992) and "Hey Ram" (2000). As a producer he won a Filmfare Award and National Film Award for "Apoorva Sagodharargal" and "Thevar Magan". Seven films featuring Kamal have been submitted by India to the Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film, the most for any actor in India. In 2009, he became one of the few actors in India to have completed 50 years working in cinema. His work "Vishwaroopam" (2013), which he also produced and directed, won two awards at the 60th National Film Awards.

paragraphs: ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes

paragraphs: !scope="row" | "Oru Oodhappu Kan Simittugiradhu"

paragraphs: !scope="row" | "Mogam Muppadhu Varusham"

paragraphs: !scope="row" | "Aanandham Paramaanandham"

paragraphs: !scope="row" | "Aval Viswasthayayirunnu"

paragraphs: !scope="row" | "Ilamai Oonjaladukirathu"

paragraphs: !scope="row" | "Manidharil Ithanai Nirangala"

paragraphs: !scope="row" | "Sommokadidhi Sokkadidhi"

paragraphs: !scope="row" | "Allauddinum Albhutha Vilakkum"

paragraphs: !scope="row" | "Thaayillamal Naan Illai"

paragraphs: !scope="row" | "Allaudinaum Arputha Vilakkum"

paragraphs: !scope="row" | "Varumayin Niram Sivappu"

paragraphs: !scope="row" | "Benkiyalli Aralida Hoovu"

paragraphs: !scope="row" | "Thoongadhey Thambi Thoongadhey"

paragraphs: !scope="row" | "Oka Radha Iddaru Krishnulu"

paragraphs: !scope="row" | "Kadamai Kanniyam Kattupaadu"

paragraphs: !scope="row" | "Michael Madana Kama Rajan"

paragraphs: !scope="row" | "Meen Kuzhambum Mann Paanaiyum"

paragraphs: ! scope="row" style="background:#ffc;"| "Vishwaroopam II"

paragraphs: ! scope="row" style="background:#ffc;"| "Vishwaroop II"

paragraphs: ! scope="row" style="background:#ffc;"| "Shabhash Kundu"

paragraphs: !scope="row" style="background:#ffffcc;"| "Indian 2"


title: Manivannan filmography

paragraphs: S.S. Manivannan (31 July 1954 – 15 June 2013), popularly known mononymously as Manivannan, was an Indian film actor and director. In a career spanning three decades, Manivannan went from being a story and dialogue writer for veteran director Bharathiraja from 1980–82 to a successful director who thrived in experimenting with different genres, before becoming an actor. With over 400 films to his name, Manivannan was one of the most experienced actors in the field and has directed exact 50 films. Manivannan was mainly a supporting actor in films and often played the comedian or the villain's role.

paragraphs: The following is Manivannan's filmography. He has worked as a director, script and dialogue writer and as an actor. Manivannan has acted in over 400 films and directed 50 films throughout his career.


title: Sino-Korean vocabulary

paragraphs: Sino-Korean vocabulary, or hanja-eo (hangul: 한자어, hanja: 漢子語) are Chinese loanwords in the Korean language. Like Japanese, Korean is unrelated to the Chinese language. Chinese is a Sino-Tibetan language while Korean is a language isolate (meaning that no known languages are related to it), but Chinese has influenced Korean so much that it made many changes to the Korean language. Chinese loanwords make up around 60% of the language's vocabulary, even though Koreans tend to use native Korean words a lot more in everyday speech. This is similar to how around 50% of English words come from Latin, French, or Greek, but English speakers tend to use native English words a lot more. Also similar to Japanese, Chinese serves as one the three main sources for Korean words, the other two being native Korean words and words from other foreign languages, especially English. When some Chinese loanwords changed meanings in Japanese, their meanings also changed in Korean because Korea was a Japanese colony at the time these words changed. Since Koreans were forced by law to speak Japanese and forbidden to speak Korean, the Chinese loanwords adopted the new Japanese meanings when Koreans were allowed to freely speak their own language again.

paragraphs: Since the Korean Peninsula split into two different countries, North Korea and South Korea, the different dialects developed very differently from each other.

paragraphs: Today, South Koreans write using a mix of hangul (the native Korean alphabet) and hanja 漢子 (the Korean version of Chinese characters), although they write using the latter far less than Chinese and Japanese do. Since Chinese words often sound similar to each other even in Chinese, they also became homophones when they came into Korean, but since Korean lacks tones, they sound even more alike in Korean. South Koreans usually write only in hangul, but sometimes when a word has many homophones and the meaning of the word is unclear from context, Koreans sometimes write the word in hanja so that there is no confusion between words. For example, since the Korean word "sudo" (hanja: 수도) has many homophones and can have meanings like "spiritual discipline", "prisoner", "city of water, i.e. Venice or Suzhou", "paddy rice", "drain/rivers/path of surface water", "tunnel", or "capital city", so to avoid confusion about what "sudo" means, these words can be written by their hanja, which are 修道, 囚徒, 水都, 水稻, 水道, 隧道, and 首都. However, Koreans almost never write native Korean words in hanja. For example, native Korean words like "Hananim" (hangul: 하나님, hanja: 神, meaning: God), "mul" (hangul: 물, hanja: 水, meaning: water), "mal" (hangul: 말, hanja: 馬, meaning: horse), "nara" (hangul: 나라, hanja: 國, country), and "saram" (hangul: 사람, hanja: 人, meaning: person) will almost always be written in hangul, even though many of them can be written in hanja. This is different from Japanese, which often writes Chinese characters to represent both native Japanese words and Chinese loanwords.

paragraphs: In North Korea, where Korean nationalism became very strong, hanja and many Chinese loanwords were abolished to "purify" the Korean language, or to get rid of words from other languages and use native words instead. Nowadays, when North Koreans write in Korean, they only write in hangul.

paragraphs: Koreans usually have a one-word family name of Chinese origin and a two-word given name also of Chinese origin. Traditionally, one word in the given name would be the same as all the person's siblings, and the other would be unique to themselves. Examples include Park Geun-hye (hangul: 박근혜, hanja: 朴槿惠) and Kim Jong-un (hangul: 김정은, hanja: 金正恩). Some Koreans, however, have a two-word family name of Chinese origin, like Namgung (hangul: 남궁, hanja: 南宮) and a one-word given name of Chinese origin like in Namkung Do (hangul: 남궁도, hanja: 南宮道). In other cases, Koreans may have a one-word given name and a one-word family name. An example of this is Go Soo (hangul: 고수, hanja: 高洙). Nowadays, however, it has become more common for Koreans to have their given name be a native Korean word, like Haneul (hanja:한을, meaning: "Heaven"/"Sky"), Areum (hanja:아름, meaning: "Beauty"), Iseul (hanja:이슬 "Dew"), and Seulgi (hanja:슬기, meaning: "Wisdom"). On official documents, Koreans must write their names in hanja and hangul. For native Korean names, Koreans chose hanja that just have the same pronunciation as the word's syllables rather than hanja that have the same meaning.


title: Council of the Isles of Scilly

paragraphs: The Council of the Isles of Scilly is the local government for the Isles of Scilly. There are 16 councilors in it, they help run the Isles of Scilly, but don't make any laws. Only the Parliament of the United Kingdom can make laws for the Isles of Scilly.


title: Henry Jenner

paragraphs: Henry Jenner (8 August 1848 – 8 May 1934) was a man who studied languages. He brought back the dead language of the Cornish people. This was called Kernewek.


title: Callington, Cornwall

paragraphs: Callington is a town and civil parish in Cornwall. It is near the River Tamar, and about seven miles (11 km) north of Saltash and nine miles south of Launceston. 5876 people live there. Lots of people in Callington work for Ginsters making pasties.


title: Mebyon Kernow

paragraphs: Mebyon Kernow – The Party for Cornwall (, MK; Cornish for "Sons of Cornwall") is a political party in Cornwall. It campaigns in local and national Elections. It has policies that are about making Cornwall a better place.


title: Masein

paragraphs: Masein () is a municipality of the district Hinterrhein in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.


title: P-value

paragraphs: In statistics, a "p"-value is the probability that the null hypothesis (the idea that a theory being tested is false) gives for a specific experimental result to happen. "p"-value is also called probability value. If the "p"-value is low, the null hypothesis is unlikely, and the experiment has statistical significance as evidence for a different theory.

paragraphs: In many fields, an experiment must have a "p"-value of less than 0.05 for the experiment to be considered evidence of the alternative hypothesis. In short, a low p-value means a higher chance of the hypothesis being true.


title: George Kingsley Zipf

paragraphs: George Kingsley Zipf (1902–1950) was an American scientist in the fields of linguistics, philology, mathematics and statistics. He came up with a law of word frequency in languages which bears his name.


title: Ginsters

paragraphs: Ginsters is a company in Callington, Cornwall that makes pasties. It is owned by another company called Samworth Brothers. It makes "Original Cornish Pasty" food products, as well as pies and pastries.


title: Cornish Assembly

paragraphs: A Cornish Assembly is a law making parliament that some Cornish people and politicians argue should exist as part of a devolution agreement with the United Kingdom. So far the Parliament of the United Kingdom has not allowed it to be made.


title: Frank Darabont

paragraphs: Frank Árpád Darabont (born Darabont Ferenc Árpád; January 28, 1959) is a Hungarian-American film director, screenwriter and producer who has been nominated for three Academy Awards and a Golden Globe Award. He is best known for his film adaptations of Stephen King novels such as "The Shawshank Redemption", "The Green Mile", and "The Mist".


title: Daylight (Maroon 5 song)

paragraphs: "Daylight" is a song performed by American pop rock band Maroon 5. The song was released as the third single from their fourth studio album, "Overexposed" (2012). Lead singer Adam Levine co-wrote and co-produced it with Max Martin and Mason "MdL" Levy, with additional writing from Sam Martin. The song is a soft rock ballad.

paragraphs: The song received a mixed reception from music critics. Some criticized Levine's vocals and called it a filler among the dance-oriented tracks on the album, while others felt a Coldplay inspiration in the end of the chorus. The song has charted in many countries, reaching the top-twenty in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South Korea, and the United States.


title: Teddybears

paragraphs: Teddybears (formerly Teddybears STHLM) are a Swedish band formed in 1991, known for mixing pop, rock, hip-hop, electronica, reggae, punk and multiple other genres.


title: Wrinkle (skin)

paragraphs: A wrinkle is a fold, ridge or crease in the skin, similar to those that can form on the surface of fabric. The medical term is "rhytide."

paragraphs: Skin wrinkles are common as a result of aging , reoccurring sleeping positions, loss of weight, or as the result of being under water for long periods of time. Age wrinkling in the skin is affected by constant facial expressions, aging, sun damage, smoking, poor hydration, and various other factors.


title: Sticker

paragraphs: A Sticker is a type of label: a piece of printed paper, plastic, vinyl, or other material with adhesive on one side. They can be used for decoration or for functional purposes, depending on the situation. They are also collected and traded among other collectors.


title: Nuclear weapons states

paragraphs: According to a new report from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), nine nations possess nuclear weapons

paragraphs: Here are nine countries with nuclear weapons:


title: Gemini Ganesan filmography

paragraphs: This article contains the entire filmography of Gemini Ganesan.


title: Jayalalithaa filmography

paragraphs: This is the filmography of former Indian actress Jayalalitha who has acted in over 140 films.


title: Gilbert Stork

paragraphs: Gilbert Stork (December 31, 1921 – October 21, 2017) was an American organic chemist. He was born in Brussels, Belgium. He was the Eugene Higgins Professor of Chemistry Emeritus at Columbia University. The Stork enamine alkylation is named in his honor.

paragraphs: He was responsible for the first planned stereo-controlled synthesis as well as the first natural product to be synthesized with high stereo-selectivity.

paragraphs: Stork was a member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1962 and Foreign Member of the French Academy of Sciences.


title: Atle Hammer

paragraphs: Atle Jonas Hammer (11 March 1932 – 22 October 2017) was a Norwegian engineer and jazz musician (trumpet, Flugelhorn), central on the jazz scene in Oslo. He was born in Oslo. He was known from several international cooperation.

paragraphs: From 1980 to 1985, he led his own quintet with among others Terje Venaas (bass), Eivin Sannes (piano) and Tom Olstad (drumes), and this was followed by a quintet with Harald Bergersen (saxophone), Erling Aksdal (piano, 1985–89).

paragraphs: During the 1980s and 1990s he played in bands with Thorgeir Stubø, Per Husby Quintet, Magni Wentzel Quintet, and in Big Bands like the one led by Harald Gundhus/Ole Jacob Hansen and Erling Wicklund's «Storeslem».

paragraphs: Hammer died in Oslo on 22 October 2017 at the age of 85.


title: Ian Cathie

paragraphs: Ian Robert Cathie (24 October 1932 – 25 October 2017) was an Australian politician. He was born in Melbourne. In 1964 he was elected to the Victorian Legislative Council as a Labor member for South Eastern Province; he was defeated in 1970, but in 1976 was elected to the Legislative Assembly seat of Carrum, which he held until 1988.

paragraphs: From 1994 to 1997, Cathie was a Commissioner of the City of Greater Dandenong. In 2010, he was elected President of Glen Eira University of the Third Age (U3A).

paragraphs: Cathie died on 25 October 2017 in Melbourne at the age of 85.


title: Ali Ashraf Darvishian

paragraphs: Ali Ashraf Darvishian (; 25 August 1941 – 26 October 2017) was an Iranian story writer and scholar. He was born in Kermanshah, Iran. He was often called the "Iranian Charles Dickens". He taught Persian literature in Australian colleges and universities during his career. He was a guest of the Iranian Centre for Democracy and presented a number of lectures on a broad range of social and cultural issues.

paragraphs: Darvishian died on 26 October 2017 in Tehran of respiratory failure at the age of 76.


title: Arnett E. Girardeau

paragraphs: Arnett Elysus Girardeau Sr. (July 15, 1929 – October 26, 2017) was an American dentist, civil rights activist and former politician in the state of Florida. He was born in Jacksonville, Florida. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He was a member of the Florida House of Representatives from the 16th distrist from 1976 to 1982. He then served in the Florida Senate from 1983 through 1992.

paragraphs: Girardeau died on October 26, 2017 in Jacksonville of a heart attack at the age of 88.


title: Shea Norman

paragraphs: Minister Alen VonShea Norman (November 2, 1971 – October 26, 2017), who went by the stage name Shea Norman, was an American gospel singer-songwriter. He started his music career, in 2004, with the release of "My Heart Depends on You", by Verity Records. This would be his breakthrough release upon the "Billboard" Gospel Albums chart. The song, "'Tis So Sweet", was placed on the "WOW Gospel 2005".

paragraphs: Norman died of complications from diabetes in Memphis, Tennessee on October 26, 2017 at the age of 45.


title: Nelly Olin

paragraphs: Nelly Olin (23 March 1941 – 26 October 2017) was a French politician. She was a Minister of Environment in France under Dominique de Villepin's government from 2005 through 2007. From 2004 to 2005, Olin was the Minister-Delegate for Social Security. She was a Senator for the Oise department.

paragraphs: Olin served as Mayor of Garges-lès-Gonesse and Senator, both offices from 1995 to 2004.

paragraphs: Olin died on 26 October 2017 in Paris of complications from breast cancer. She was at age 76.


title: Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory

paragraphs: Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory (abbreviated ZF) is a system of axioms used to describe set theory. When the axiom of choice is added to ZF, the system is called ZFC. It is the system of axioms used in set theory by most mathematicians today.

paragraphs: After Russell's paradox was found in the 1901, mathematicians wanted to find a way to describe set theory that did not have contradictions. Ernst Zermelo proposed a theory of set theory in 1908. In 1922, Abraham Fraenkel proposed a new version based on Zermelo's work.

paragraphs: An axiom is a statement which is accepted without question, and which has no proof. ZF contains eight axioms.

paragraphs: The axiom of choice says that it is possible to take one object out of each of the elements of a set and make a new set. For example, given the set formula_14, the axiom of choice would show that a set such as formula_28 exists. This axiom can be proved from the other axioms for finite sets, but not for infinite sets.


title: Disjoint sets

paragraphs: In mathematics, two sets are disjoint when they have no elements in common. For example, the sets formula_1 and formula_2 are disjoint, but the sets formula_1 and formula_4 are not disjoint.


title: Power set

paragraphs: In mathematics, the power set of a set "S", written as formula_1 or formula_2, is the set of all subsets of S. In terms of cardinality, a power set is larger than the set it originates from. If "S" is a finite set with "n" elements, then formula_1 would have formula_4 elements.


title: Second Anglo-Mysore War

paragraphs: The Second Anglo-Mysore War was a conflict that took place on the Indian Subcontinent from 1780 to 1784. The war ended without a clear victory on either side. The Treaty of Mangalore restored the situation to the state before the war broke out. The war involved the Kingdom of Mysore and the British East India Company. The Kingdom of Mysore was a large kingdom, in the South of India. It was an ally of the French. The East India Company was on the side of the English.

paragraphs: Hyder Ali, the ruler of Mysore, committed himself to a French alliance to seek revenge against the British. The British had problems with Mysore because it had an alliance with the French.

paragraphs: The army of Hyder was one of the largest armies in India. In 1780, his army swept down the Eastern Ghats (mountains) and burnt the villages. Hyder set about forming a confederacy against the British. This included the French, the Marathas and the Nizam of Hyderabad. Hyder Ali overthrew the government and established his authority over the Mysore state. Hyder Ali tried to made a treaty with the Marathas and the Nizam of Hyderabad, but both of them decided not to take up arms against the British so Hyder Ali ended up fighting the war on his own. Hyder died in 1782 but Tipu Sultan proved to be a worthy successor, He introduced many reforms to overhaul and reorganize the administrative machinery. He also modernized the army.

paragraphs: The battle remained indecisive and peace was finally concluded with Tipu on 28 June 1784. The war ended by signing the peace treaty in 1784. The treaty was named as the treaty of Mangalore because the treaty was signed in Mangalore. The Treaty of Mangalore was signed between Tipu Sultan and the British East India Company on 11 March 1784. It was signed in Mangalore and brought an end to the Second Anglo-Mysore War.

paragraphs: The British had problems with Mysore because it had an alliance with the French. The Marathas attacked Hyder Ali and the British signed a treaty saying that they would help Hyder, but they never cared to show up. Between 1773 and 1779 Hyder Ali was expanding his kingdom. To counter the British threat, Nana Phadnavis, the Maratha chief minister at Pune formed an alliance with the Marathas, Mysore and the Nizam of Hyderabad.


Olorotitan


title: Abdul Taleb Zaki

paragraphs: Abdul Taleb Zaki () was a Hazara politician and jihadist from Afghanistan.

paragraphs: Abdul Taleb Zaki, son of Abdul Wahid born in 1960 in Bamiyan Province of Afghanistan. He was a commander and a member of Hezbe Wahdat political party in Afghanistan.

paragraphs: He was the governor of Bamyan Province for four years from 1994 to 1998. He died in 1998 in Ghazni Province.


title: Leimbach, Haut-Rhin

paragraphs: Leimbach is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department of east France.


title: M. S. Viswanathan

paragraphs: Manayangath Subramanian Viswanathan (24 June 1928 – 14 July 2015), also known as M.S.V., was an Indian music director, composer, and singer. He was popularly known as "Mellisai Mannar" (Tamil for "The King of Light Music"). He composed songs in 1200 movies from Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu, Kannada, and Hindi languages. He worked primarily in Tamil, Malayalam and Telugu movies.

paragraphs: Viswanathan died on 14 July 2015 in Chennai, India of respiratory failure at the age of 87.


title: Mohamed Abshir Muse

paragraphs: Mohamed Abshir Muse (, ), (1 July 1926 – 25 October 2017) also known as Mahamed Abshir Musa, was a well known Somali military person. He was active from 1940s to 1950s. He served General and the first Commander of the Somali Police Force. He was trained at the Carabinieri, Italy's national military training base.

paragraphs: Muse resigned in 1969 from his job at the police force. He was later jailed by the military dictator Siad Barre for speaking out against the regime.

paragraphs: Muse died on 25 October 2017 in Minneapolis, Minnesota aged 91.


title: Manfredi Nicoletti

paragraphs: Manfredi Nicoletti (16 June 1930 – 29 October 2017) was an Italian architect. He was born in Rieti, Italy. He was known for his projects Fontvieille, Monaco, the cancelled Helicoidal Skyscraper in New York City, the Catania–Fontanarossa Airport, Millennium Park in Abuja, Courthouse of Arezzo, the Kazakhstan Central Concert Hall and the Millennium Tower.

paragraphs: Nicoletti died on 29 October 2017 at the age of 87.


title: Manuel Sanchís Martínez

paragraphs: Manuel Sanchís Martínez (26 March 1938 – 28 October 2017) was a Spanish footballer who played as a defender. He was born in Alberique, Spain. His son was Manuel Sanchís Hontiyuelo.

paragraphs: Sanchís represented Real Madrid and Spain. They were one of only three father/son pairs to have won the European Cup/Champions League, and he played in 213 La Liga games over the course of ten seasons.

paragraphs: An international during nearly two years, Sanchís appeared with the national team at the 1966 World Cup.

paragraphs: Sanchís earned 11 caps for Spain, and represented the nation at the 1966 FIFA World Cup. During the group stages, he scored a rare goal in a 2–1 win against Switzerland.

paragraphs: Sanchís died on 28 October 2017 in Madrid, aged 79, from pulmonary embolism.


title: Pasty

paragraphs: The pasty is a kind of pastry filled with meat or vegetables and baked, a bit like a pie. They are linked with Cornwall where they were first made. Most pasties are still made in Cornwall.

paragraphs: Pastry dough is rolled out and cut in a circle. The raw filling is placed on half the circle, then the pastry is folded in half over the filling to cover it. The edges are then sealed by crimping (firmly pressed together), and baked. The baking time for the filling and the pastry is the same.

paragraphs: The pasty is made as a single-serving portion, for one person's meal. It's made to be held in the hand and does not need any cutlery. It may be eaten hot, warm, or at room temperature.

paragraphs: The pasty is portable and convenient to eat. It can be easily be taken to the workplace and kept until a mealtime break. No refrigeration is required if eaten the same day. The sealed, baked dough keeps the filling warm for hours after baking. A pasty could also be reheated by placing on or near a heat source - even by holding over a candle where no oven is available.


title: Fort Provintia

paragraphs: Fort Provintia is a defense base in Tainan, a city in south Taiwan, built by the Dutch in 1653, and now it’s a historic site.

paragraphs: In 1624, the Dutch colonized southern Taiwan in order to trade with mainland China. Before the fort was built, the place was a center of commercial trade. The fort was built by the Dutch to prevent another rebellion after the local people, led by Guo Huai-yi, went against the Dutch in 1652. The fort was still used as a trade center. The Dutch made the fort with red bricks and mortar, which were a mixture of water, sugar, sticky rice and oyster shells.

paragraphs: In 1662, Koxinga, the ruler of Zheng dynasty,expelled the Dutch, and the fort was used as his government with the new name Chen-Tien Fu. In 1664, the fort was abandoned as a place of government and was used as a place to store gunpowder.

paragraphs: In 1683, the ruler of Zheng dynasty surrendered to the Qing. In 1721, the fort was damaged when Zhu Yigui led uprising against the government. Also through the following years, the fort was destroyed by several earthquakes only a few walls remained. The chief administrator, Sheng Shou Qien, built the Penghu Academy in 1886. It is a Qing style building located at the west side of the fort. In 1879, both the Wunchang Pavilion (Temple of Literature God) and the Hai-She Temple（Temple of Sea God）were built by the emperor’s administrator, Shen Baozhen. The Wunchang Pavilion and the Hai-She Temple are located in the central part of the fort. The Wunchang Pavilion was built in honor of Wun- Chang, God of Literature. The Hai-She Temple was built in honor of God of the Sea.

paragraphs: In 1895, the Qing lost the First Sino-Japanese War and gave away the territory of Taiwan to Japan. The Japanese began to use the fort as an army hospital. In 1944, the Japanese began to restore the buildings including the walls that the Dutch had built, the Hai-Shen Temple, the Wunchang Pavilion and the Penghu Academy.

paragraphs: After WWII, Japan retreated from Taiwan. Then the fort was renamed Chihkan Tower and became an exhibition center. In 1960, the imperial tortoise statues and the stone monuments with historical records from the Great South Gate, part of the original 14 gates of the Tainan City Wall, were moved to the south Chihkan Tower.


title: AFC East

paragraphs: The AFC East is a division in the National Football League. There are four teams in the AFC East: the New England Patriots, Buffalo Bills, New York Jets, and Miami Dolphins.


title: Stranger Things

paragraphs: Stranger Things is an American science fiction television series created, written, directed and co-executive produced by the Duffer Brothers, as well as co-executive produced by Shawn Levy and Dan Cohen. The first season, released in July 2016, stars Winona Ryder, David Harbour, Finn Wolfhard, Millie Bobby Brown, Gaten Matarazzo, Caleb McLaughlin, Natalia Dyer, Charlie Heaton, Cara Buono and Matthew Modine, with Noah Schnapp and Joe Keery in recurring roles. For the second season, Schnapp and Keery were made series regulars, with actors Sadie Sink, Dacre Montgomery, Sean Astin and Paul Reiser also appearing. The series is allegedly based on a 1992 book "" which tells stories about the Montauk Project, an alleged series of secret U.S. government projects in Long Island.

paragraphs: Set in the fictional town of Hawkins, Indiana in the 1980s, the first season focuses on the investigation into the disappearance of a young boy amid supernatural events occurring around the town including the appearance of a psychokinetic girl who helps the missing boy's friends in their own search. The second season is set a year after the first, and deals with attempts of the characters to return to normal and consequences from that season. The third season is set in the the summer of 1985.

paragraphs: "Stranger Things" was met with a very positive response by fans and critics. Viewer numbers for the series quickly climbed to around 14.7 million within the first 35 days after release. Popular review site Rotten Tomatoes gave the first season an approval rating of 96% based on 68 reviews, and a weighted average rating of 8.04/10.


title: Mark of Cornwall

paragraphs: King Mark was a legendary king of Cornwall. He lived in the early medieval period.


title: National Congress of Brazil

paragraphs: The National Congress of Brazil is the national parliament of Brazil. It is bicameral.

paragraphs: The two chambers are the Chamber of the deputies ("Câmaras dos deputados") and the Senate ("Senado").

paragraphs: The president of the senate is also the president of the National Congress.

paragraphs: The National Congress was created in 1825.

paragraphs: The chamber of the deputies has 344 deputies elected for a 4-years term and is ruled by a president ("presidente").

paragraphs: The senate has 81 senators (3 by state) elected for a 8-years term and is ruled by a president ("presidente").

paragraphs: The headquarters of the National Congress are in the plaza of the three powers ("praça dos três poderes").


title: Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar

paragraphs: Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (19 October 1910 – 21 August 1995) was an Indian Physicist. He received the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars".

paragraphs: He was born in Lahore, British India (now Pakistan). He died in Chicago.


title: Trippie Redd

paragraphs: Michael Lamar White IV (born June 18, 1999), known professionally as Trippie Redd, is an American rapper, singer and songwriter.

paragraphs: Following his high school graduation, Trippie Redd moved to Atlanta, where he met rapper Lil Wop and was eventually offered a record deal with a professional recording studio. Trippie Redd is best known for his songs "Love Scars", "Poles1469", featuring 6ix9ine, and "Dark Knight Dummo", featuring Travis Scott, with the former two songs both certified gold by the RIAA, and the latter peaking at number 72 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 as well as receiving platinum certification by the RIAA. In July 2018, Trippie Redd announced his debut album would be titled "Life's a Trip". The album was released August 10, 2018 and debuted at number four on the"Billboard" 200 Album Chart selling 72,000 album-equivalent units. Trippie Redd earned his highest "Billboard 200" charting in November 2018 with the mixtape, "A Love Letter to You 3", debuting at number three.

paragraphs: Lil Wop helped White get started with a professional recording studio. They began working with Kodie Shane and recorded three projects, "Awakening My Inner Beast", "Beast Mode" and "Rock the World Trippie". White eventually signed to the label Strainge Entertainment (now known as Elliot Grainge Entertainment) and relocated to Los Angeles.

paragraphs: In May 2017, White released his debut mixtape, "A Love Letter to You", with the lead single "Love Scars", which received more than 8 million views on YouTube within several months and more than 13 million on SoundCloud. White was included on XXXTentacion's album "17", on the song "Fuck Love", which peaked at number 28 on the Billboard Hot 100.

paragraphs: In October 2017, White released his second mixtape, "A Love Letter to You 2". The album debuted at #34 on the "Billboard" 200. Later that month, White released a collaboration EP with Lil Wop, "Angels & Demons".

paragraphs: On December 5, 2017, White released the song "Dark Knight Dummo", which features Travis Scott. The song peaked at 72 on the "Billboard" Hot 100, making it White's first entry on the chart as a lead artist. On December 25, 2017, White released the song "TR666" on his SoundCloud account, which features Swae Lee and was produced by Scott Storch. The track was previewed on November 30. White released "18" alongside Baauer, Kris Wu, Joji and Rich Brian.

paragraphs: In an interview with "Billboard" in March 2018, White said his debut studio album would feature collaborations with Lil Wayne and Erykah Badu. In July 2018, White announced his debut album would be titled "Life's a Trip" and be 26 tracks long; he later trimmed it to 16 tracks. White released the singles "Me Likey" and "How You Feel" on June 22, 2018 and "Taking a Walk" on August 7, 2018. "Life's a Trip" was released August 10, 2018 and debuted at number four on the "Billboard" 200 Album Chart, with the single "Taking a Walk" debuting at number 49 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart.


title: Ming Chang

paragraphs: Ming Erh Chang (; April 20, 1932 – October 3, 2017) was a Chinese-born American military naval officer. He was born in Shanghai, China. He served in the U.S. Navy for 34 years. He became the Department of the Navy Inspector General in 1987. When Chang left the navy, he became vice president and corporate director for the Pacific region at Raytheon International and then president of MEC International, LLC.

paragraphs: Chang died on October 3, 2017 from complications of Parkinson's disease in McLean, Virginia at the age of 85.


title: Władysław Kowalski

paragraphs: Władysław Kowalski (24 February 1936 – 29 October 2017) was a Polish actor. He has appeared in nearly 100 movies and television shows from 1957 until his death in 2017. He was born in Żurawce, Poland. Kowalski was known for his roles in "Samson" (1961), "Dreszcze" (1981), "Escape from the 'Liberty' Cinema" (1990), "The Boy on the Galloping Horse" (2006), "Katyń" (2007), "Louise's Garden" (2008) and in "Body" (2015).

paragraphs: Kowalski died of a heart attack in Warsaw on 29 October 2017 at the age of 81.


title: Gert Timmerman

paragraphs: Gerrit "Gert" Timmerman (8 June 1935 in Oldenzaal – 28 October 2017 in Overdinkel) was a Dutch singer and musician from the Province of Overijssel. He was a baritone, and played the saxophone, the clarinet, the keyboard and the double bass.

paragraphs: His best known hits were "Nimm deine weiße Gitarre" (1963), "Ik heb eerbied voor jouw grijze haren" (1963), "Een moederhart, een gouden hart" (1964), "De schommelstoel" (1965), and "Brandend zand" (1970).

paragraphs: He married Hermien van der Weide (also from the Province of Overijssel) in 1963. As ""Gert and Hermien"" they were a very popular musical duo for many years.

paragraphs: Timmerman and his wife became Christians in 1974. After their conversion they started a Christian musical career but later on they returned to their previous career.

paragraphs: They divorced in 1999. He remarried another woman in 2002. Hermien died in 2003.

paragraphs: Gert died of pancreatic cancer in 2017, at the age of 82.


title: Queue (unit)

paragraphs: The Queue was a unit of measurement, used for wines and spirits. It was equal to 3 feuilettes, or about 402 litres. Depending on the region, the definition varied a little, one queue was between 360 and 411 litres.


title: John Saxon

paragraphs: John Saxon (born Carmine Orrico; August 5, 1936 – July 25, 2020) was an American actor and martial artist. He has worked on more than 200 movies in his 60 year long career starting in 1954. He was born in New York City to an Italian-American family.

paragraphs: Saxon was known for his work in westerns and horror movies as well as for his role as Roper in the 1973 movie "Enter the Dragon". He was well known for playing Lt. Donald Thompson in the 1984 slasher horror movie "A Nightmare on Elm Street".

paragraphs: Saxon died on July 25, 2020 in Murfreesboro, Tennessee from pneumonia-related problems, aged 83.


title: Lil Uzi Vert

paragraphs: Lil Uzi Vert is the stage name of Symere Woods (born July 31, 1994). Woods is an American hip hop artist from Philadelphia.

paragraphs: Woods first received attention after releasing the single, "Money Longer", which topped at number 92 on "Billboard" Hot 100. Since then he has continued to release projects such as "Luv Is Rage", "Lil Uzi Vert vs. the World", "The Perfect Luv Tape", and "Luv Is Rage 2". Four of his songs from these projects have reached the Billboard Hot 100. His album "Luv is Rage 2" debuted at no. 1 on the Billboard 200. He was also a guest artist on the no. 1 charting single "Bad and Boujee" by rap group the "Migos".


title: Chevalier de Lorraine

paragraphs: Philippe of Lorraine, called the Chevalier de Lorraine (1643 – 8 December 1702) was a French nobleman and member of the House of Guise, cadet of the Ducal House of Lorraine. He was the renowned lover of Philippe de Orleans, Monsieur, brother of Louis XIV.


title: TD Ameritrade

paragraphs: TD Ameritrade is a company that lets customers buy and sell stocks and other financial securities. It has headquarters in Omaha, Nebraska.

paragraphs: The company received its current name in January 2006, when Ameritrade Holding Corporation acquired TD Waterhouse from Toronto-Dominion Bank and was renamed TD Ameritrade.


title: Mutual of Omaha

paragraphs: Mutual of Omaha is a mutual insurance company with headquarters in Omaha, Nebraska. The company is on the Fortune 500.


title: Mutual insurance

paragraphs: A mutual insurance company is an insurance company that is owned by its customers. If the company is profitable, the profits are returned to the customers. This is different from other insurance companies, which are public companies.


title: Lil Yachty

paragraphs: Lil Yachty is the stage name of Miles Parks McCollum (born August 23, 1996). McCollum is an American rapper from Georgia.

paragraphs: McCollum first received attention in August 2015 for his single "One Night" which topped at no. 49 on the Billboard Hot 100. Since then he has released four projects, "Lil Boat", "Summer Songs", "Summer Songs 2", and "Teenage Emotions". "Teenage Emotions" peaked at no. 5 on the US Billboard 200. He has also appeared on "KYLE's" "iSpy" which reached no. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 and DRAM's "Broccoli" which reached no. 5.


title: Fortune 500

paragraphs: The Fortune 500 is a list of the companies in the United States with the most revenue. It is created by "Fortune" magazine. The first list was published in 1955.


title: Fortune (magazine)

paragraphs: Fortune is a magazine that talks about business topics. It publishes the Fortune 500 list of the companies in the United States with the most revenue.


title: Seismic wave

paragraphs: Seismic waves are vibrating movement of the ground. Seismic waves can be caused by underground explosions, volcanic eruptions and man-made explosions that can vibrate the ground. Seismic waves go through the Earth’s layers. The speed of seismic waves depends on the type of materials they meet. When they meet different kind of material, they bounce or go in different directions. Seismic waves can be detected by seismographs.

paragraphs: Seismic waves are caused by earthquakes, underground explosions, volcanic eruptions and man-made explosions that can vibrate the ground. When earthquakes occur, they release energy in a form of seismic waves. Seismic waves make the ground vibrating to all directions from the starting point of the earthquake.

paragraphs: Seismic waves are divided into two main types of waves, body waves and surface waves. Body waves go through the Earth, and surface waves go along the Earth’s surface.

paragraphs: Body waves travel through the Earth’s interior. Body waves are divided into two types, primary waves and secondary waves.

paragraphs: Primary waves travel faster than any other waves, so when earthquakes occur primary waves arrive first at the surface. That’s why we call them ‘primary’.

paragraphs: Primary waves can go through solids, liquids and gases. Primary waves go 7~8 kilometers per second in solids, but primary waves have different speeds in liquids and gases.

paragraphs: The ground moves back and forth in the same direction as the primary waves move. Primary waves repeat squeezing and stretching the ground when they move.

paragraphs: Secondary waves arrive after primary waves. That’s why we call them ‘secondary’. Secondary waves can go 3~4 kilometers per second. Secondary waves can’t go through air and liquids. They can only go through solids. The ground moves up and down in the right angle to the direction of the secondary waves. Secondary waves temporary change the shape of materials.

paragraphs: Surface waves travel along the Earth’s surface. They come after the body waves. Surface waves are caused by primary waves and secondary waves when they arrive at the surface. There are two types of surface waves.

paragraphs: Rayleigh waves were named after John William Strutt Rayleigh. When Raleigh waves travel, the particles move in an oval shape, similar to water waves. The speed of Rayleigh waves depends on the types of solids. Information about Rayleigh waves give us the reason why the ground vibrates. Rayleigh waves are slower than Love waves.

paragraphs: Love waves were named after A.E.H. Love. Particles move back and forth at a 90 degree angle to the wave direction. The speed of Love waves depends on the types of solids. We can know the thickness of the Earth’s crust with Love waves. Love waves usually travel faster than the Rayleigh waves.

paragraphs: Seismic waves can be detected and recorded by seismographs. Primary waves are recorded faster than secondary waves. The period between the arrival time of primary waves and secondary waves is used to find the starting point of the wave. We can know about the Earth’s layer through seismic waves.


title: Tony Madigan

paragraphs: Antony Morgan "Tony" Madigan (4 February 1930 – 29 October 2017) was an Australian boxer and rugby player. He competed in boxing at the 1952, 1956 and 1960 Olympics and finished in fifth, fifth and third place.

paragraphs: In 1960 Madigan lost his semifinal to Muhammad Ali. He also won medals at three Commonwealth Games in the light-heavyweight division – a silver in 1954 and gold in 1958 and 1962.

paragraphs: Madigan was the 2010 addition for the Australian National Boxing Hall of Fame Veterans category.

paragraphs: Madigan died in France on 29 October 2017 of complications from pneumonia at the age of 87.


title: Denise P. Barlow

paragraphs: Denise Patrice Barlow (31 January 1950 – 21 October 2017) was a British geneticist. She was born in Yorkshire. She worked in the field of epigenomics.

paragraphs: Barlow was an elected member of European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO), an honorary professor of genetics at the University of Vienna and received the Erwin Schrödinger Prize of the Austrian Academy of Sciences in 2014. Her discovery of the first mammalian imprinted gene, IGF2R, which codes for the insulin-like growth factor was her best known work.

paragraphs: Barlow died of pancreatic cancer in Vienna, Austria on 21 October 2017 at the age of 67.


title: Hossein Rajabian

paragraphs: Hossein Rajabian (; born 5 July 1984) is an Iranian movie director, writer and photographer who was imprisoned in 2015 on charges related to his filmmaking.

paragraphs: After finishing his first feature movie, Rajabian was arrested by Iranian security forces on 5 October 2013 outside his office in Sari alongside two musicians, and was transferred to Ward 2-A of Evin Prison where all three of them were held in solitary confinement for more than two months and were threatened with televised confessions. He was released on bail (around $66,000) in mid-December, pending trial. Two years later, his case was heard at Branch 28 of Tehran which was presided over by Judge Moghisseh (Summer 2015). He was sentenced to six years in prison and fines for pursuing illegal cinematic activities, launching propaganda against the establishment and hurling insults at sanctities. On appeal, his sentence was changed to three years imprisonment and three years of suspended jail and fines.

paragraphs: Hossein Rajabian was sent to the ward 7 of Evin Prison in Tehran. After spending one third of his total period of imprisonment (that is 11 months), he went on hunger strike to protest against unjust trial, lack of medical facilities, and transfer of his brother to another ward called section 8 of the same prison. During the first hunger strike period, which lasted 14 days, he was transferred to hospital because of pulmonary infection and he could not continue his hunger strike because of the interference of the representative of the prosecutor who was sent as an intermediary. After some time, he sent an open letter to the judicial authorities of Iran and went again on strike which brought him the supports of international artists. After 36 days of hunger strike, he could convince the judicial authorities of Iran to review his case and grant him medical leave for the treatment of his left kidney suffered from infections and blood arising out of hunger strike. he, after a contentious struggle with the judicial officer of the prison was sent to the ward 8 for punishment.

paragraphs: After imprisonment of Hossein Rajabian, senior officials of the world started to react officially to this sentence. For instance, Ban Ki-moon, secretary general of the United Nations, issued a special declaration about the human rights in the world. In the ninth page of the annual declaration, he refers to the conditions of Hossein Rajabian in the Iranian prisons, and asks the Iranian authorities to release this filmmaker unconditionally. UN Special Rapporteur for human rights in Iran Asma Jahangir, in her annual report called for the unconditional release of Hossein Rajabian and other prisoners in Iran. It can be referred to the protesting speech delivered by , the Canadian Liberal Senator in the senate against the Iranian authorities and in support of Hossein Rajabian. After the imprisonment of Hossein Rajabian, who is a Norwegian an artist and political leader declared her support to him, and asked for unconditional release of him and all artists imprisoned throughout the world. Following that, Philip Luther, the head of Amnesty International published an official video talking about Hossein Rajabian and asked all artists of the world to launch a worldwide campaign to support him. After organizing an international petition by the Amnesty International, Johnny Depp, the American actor, and Peter Gabriel, the well-known musician initiated a campaign with the motto "Art is not a Crime" to protest against censorship and support Rajabian and all other imprisoned artists.

paragraphs: A petition was signed by more than 12,000 people of different human right activists and artists addressing the Iranian authorities to review the judicial case of Rajabian and several other prisoners. Finally, the United Nations Human Rights Committee unanimously passed a resolution against Iranian government for the flagrant violation of human rights as a reaction to the collective hunger strike of Hossein Rajabian and seven other political and ideological prisoners of Evin Prison. Following that, the United States Senate extended the sanctions imposed on Iran for the violation of human rights for another ten years. The citizens of European countries initiated a supporting campaign and a sit-in in front of the Iranian Embassies in different countries while showing his photos. The annual report U.S. Department of State on Human Rights in Iran in 2016, to the situation of prisoner filmmaker Hossein Rajabian.

paragraphs: In protest at his sentence and seizure of his movie materials, Hossein Rajabian released the medium-quality copy of his movie "" online.


title: Anarcho-primitivism

paragraphs: Anarcho-primitivism is a form of anarchism that is critical of the progress of human civilization.

paragraphs: Henry David Thoreau's work was very influential to early green anarchists. He supported simple living and self-sufficiency among natural surroundings as a way to fight the growth of industrial civilization.

paragraphs: In the late 1800s, anarchist naturism appeared as the union of anarchist and naturist ideas. The movement was influenced by Thoreau, Leo Tolstoy and Elisée Reclus. The movement supported vegetarianism, free love, nudism and an ecological view of the world. Followers viewed nudism as a way of avoiding the artificiality of the industrial modern society. Most of the followers were in Spain, France and Portugal.

paragraphs: Anarcho-primitivists believe that before the widespread use of agriculture, humans lived in egalitarian hunter-gatherer tribes. They believe that after the introduction of agriculture, humans slowly began to become

paragraphs: obsessed with technology, and divisions of labour began to cause inequality. Primitivists disagree about whether we should return to hunter-gatherer tribes, use permaculture, or both.

paragraphs: Primitivists believe, based on anthropological studies, that hunter-gatherer societies are less likely to have war, violence, and disease. Not all anthropologists believe this, however. A notable example would be Jared Diamond, who believes that tribe-based people are more prone to violence than developed states.

paragraphs: Anarchists are against strong government control, and strive for egalitarian relationships with others. However, Anarcho-primitivists go beyond and apply this to all life, not just human life. Anarcho-primitivists look at the history of human civilization in order to decide how to achieve their goals. They are influenced by the Luddites, and are generally against technology. Anarcho-primitivists appreciate the diversity of life, and believe that humans are damaging it.

paragraphs: Primitivists do not believe that a mass society can be free. They believe that the divisions of labour that these industrial societies produce lead to people relying on factories and other people to make their food, clothing, shelter, etc.; thus, forcing them to be a member of the society.

paragraphs: A common criticism of the anarcho-primitivist movement is hypocrisy. Critics say that while primitivists reject civilization, they usually live civilized lives and use technology to spread their message. Primitivists like John Zerzan say that using technology is a necessary evil for continuing to promote and discuss important conversations.

paragraphs: A notable primitivist, Derrick Jensen, rejects the term "primitivism," believing that it is racist way to describe Indigenous Peoples. He now prefers to be called a "indigenist" or an "ally to the indigenous."

paragraphs: Anarchists Wolfi Landstreicher and Jason McQuinn both criticize the movement as romanticizing exaggerations of Indigenous societies. They also claim that primitivists use the appeal to nature fallacy often. In response, primitivist John Zerzan says that the movement is not romanticizing Indigenous Peoples. It is instead promoting the "mainstream view presented in anthropology and archeology textbooks for the past few decades. It sounds utopian, but it's now the generally accepted paradigm."


paragraphs: Below is a table of all United States presidential elections in Hawaii since it became a state in 1959.

paragraphs: Hawaii has historically been a strong "blue" state, voting Democrat in 13 out of 15 of their presidential elections.


title: 2021 FIFA Confederations Cup

paragraphs: The 2021 FIFA Confederations Cup was expected to be the 11th FIFA Confederations Cup tournament. It is now deceased as the plans to expand the FIFA Club World Cup in 2021 were approved.

paragraphs: In October 2017, FIFA planned to get rid of the Confederations Cup by 2021 in favor of an expanded FIFA Club World Cup and move the latter from December to June, holding it every four years.


title: La zona

paragraphs: La zona is a Spanish TV-series produced by Movistar+ for #0. It first episode was aired on 27th October 2017.

paragraphs: After a nuclear accident in Asturias, a vast exclusion zone was set up to contain the risk of radioactive propagation. A series of murders leads Héctor Uría ("Eduard Fernández"), the police chief who survived the catastrophe, to embark on an investigation to find the culprit.


title: Vadivelu

paragraphs: Vadivelu is one of the most famous comedian in the present era of Tamil cinema .following the worlds best comedian Surya of neyveli. The comedian known in Tamil cinema mainly for his slapstick comedies. He is also a playback singer and an actor who played supporting roles along with comedy. He acted in about 200 and above movies. Vadivelu received awards in the Best Comedian category for his performances in Kaalam Maari Pochu (1996), Vetri Kodi Kattu (2000), Thavasi (2001), Chandramukhi (2005), Imsai Arasan 23m Pulikesi (2006), Marudhamalai (2007) and Kathavarayan (2008). His popularity led to his media-coined nickname, Vaigai Puyal, meaning "the storm from the Vaigai River which flows through his hometown Madurai.

paragraphs: He started his career in Tamil cinema as a side-comedian along with the Tamil cinema's most famous duo of Goundamani and Senthil. Vadivelu rose as a renowned actor from the movie Kadhalan (1998), although his debut is in En Thangai Kalyani of T.Rajendar.

paragraphs: Some of his most famous movies are Friends, Bharathi Kannamma, Vetri Kodi Kattu, Winner, Giri, Thalainagaram, Marudhamalai and Chandramukhi. The actor played the lead in the blockbuster Imsai Arasan 23am Pulikesi (2006) where he played a dual role of twin brothers. His next movie in a lead role was Indiralogathil Na Azhagappan (2008), which was however a big failure.

paragraphs: After the 2011 Legislative Assembly election fight between Vijayakanth, leader of DMDK and Vadivelu in which he was severely criticized for his public speeches that heavily alledged Vijayakanth, he took rest for two years from media appearance since his rival and his alliance won the election. He signed up to play a double role in the movie Tenaliraman, his third movie as hero. The movie did decent business at the box office.


title: Ilaiyaraaja

paragraphs: Ilayaraaja is a famous film composer in South Indian cinema especially in Tamil cinema. Ilaiyaraaja is also an instrumentalist, conductor, singer, and songwriter. He has composed more than 6000 songs and provided film music or movie soundtrack for more than 1000 films, particularly being famous for his background music.

paragraphs: Ilayaraaja introduced Western type of music into the Tamil cinema.He is also known for creating music by fusing symphonic orchestration with traditional Indian instrumentation.In 1993 he organised a full symphony performed by the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra in London and thus became the First Indian to compose a full symphony, with Ravi Shankar being the only other Indian to do so. He is also the first Asian to compose a full symphony performed by the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra. He has won five Indian National Film Awards (the highest film honor in India); three for Best Music Direction and two for Best Background Score. In 2010 he has received Padma Bhushan, awarded by the Government of India.

paragraphs: He is usually referred to by the title Isaignani (), or as "The Maestro". Ilaiyaraja is a gold medalist in classical guitar from Trinity College of Music, London. In 2003, according to an international poll conducted by BBC, more than half-a million people from 165 countries voted his composition "Rakkamma Kaiya Thattu" from the 1991 film "Thalapathi" as fourth in the world's top 10 most popular songs of all time.

paragraphs: In 2015, he was also honoured with the Centenary Award for lifetime achievement at the 46th International Film Festival of India (IFFI) at Panaji, Goa. On December 31, 2015, he was nominated by the Kerala Government for Nishagandi Puraskaram, the top award conferred by the Kerala Government's Tourism Ministry, for his artistic excellence and contributions to the Indian film industry.

paragraphs: In a poll conducted by CNN-IBN celebrating 100 years of Indian cinema in 2013, Ilaiyaraaja was voted as the greatest music composer of India with a maximum of 49%.

paragraphs: Ilaiyaraaja was born as Gnanathesikan in 1943 in a normal middle-class family in Pannaipuram, Theni district, Tamil Nadu, India. When he joined the school his father changed his name as "Rajaiya" but his village people used to call him as "Raasayya". Ilaiyaraaja joined Dhanraj Master as a student to learn musical instruments and the master renamed and called him as just "Raaja". In his first movie "Annakili", Tamil film producer Panchu Arunachalam added "Ilaiya" (Ilaiya means younger in Tamil language) as prefix in his name Raaja and he named as "Ilaiyaraaja" because in the 1970s there was one more music director A. M. Rajah who was a popular one.

paragraphs: Ilaiyaraaja was married to Jeeva and the couple have three children—Karthik Raja, Yuvan Shankar Raja and Bhavatharini—all film composers and singers. His wife Jeeva died on 31 October 2011. Ilaiyaraaja has a brother Gangai Amaran, who is also a music director and lyricist in Tamil film industry.


title: Yuvan Shankar Raja

paragraphs: Yuvan Shankar Raja (born 31 August 1979) is an Indian singer-songwriter, film score and soundtrack composer, and occasional lyricist from Chennai, Tamil Nadu. He composed music for Tamil films like his father Ilaiyaraaja. He began his career at the age of 16, when he composed the film music for "Aravindhan".

paragraphs: Then after a long break he composed for "Thulluvatho Ilamai" in the year 2001. Within 15 years, Yuvan Shankar Raja has worked on over 100 films. Considered a multi-talented composer. He is particularly known for his use of western music elements and often credited with having introduced Hip hop to the Tamil film and music industry and having started the "era of remixes" in Tamil Nadu.

paragraphs: Born on 31 August 1979, in Chennai, Tamil Nadu into a Tamil family, Yuvan Shankar Raja is the third and youngest child of musician and film composer Ilaiyaraaja and his late wife Jeeva. He is the younger brother of music director Karthik Raja and playback singer & music director Bhavatharini. His father as well as his siblings have sung many songs under his direction. Yuvan Shankar did his schooling at St. Bede's Anglo Indian Higher Secondary School in Chennai, and discontinued his education after his tenth class. He started learning music from Jacob Master, attending piano classes at "Musee Musical" in Chennai, which is affiliated to Trinity College in London, UK.


title: National deep fried clams day

paragraphs: National Deep Fried Clams Day is a national holiday celebrating the process of deep frying and consuming clams.

paragraphs: The holiday is observed on November 1st every year. It is common for people to cook and serve clams on this day.

paragraphs: The first deep fried clams were made in Essex, Massachusetts, on July 3rd, 1916. The creator, Lawrence Henry Woodman, owned a small restaurant, where he sold the fried clams to passersby. The food quickly spread around the country and gained attention. Today, National Deep Fried Clams Day is celebrated on November 1st. It is unknown why it is this day rather than July 3rd.

paragraphs: It is customary to deep fry and serve clams on this day, battering and breading them to form a dish of "clam strips." As well as this, a more modern method of celebrating is to post #DeepFriedClamsDay on social media.


title: Arthrostylidium schomburgkii

paragraphs: Arthrostylidium schomburgkii is a species of "Arthrostylidium" bamboo in the grass family. The species are native to Central America, the West Indies, northern South America, and southern Mexico.


title: Arthrostylidium judziewiczii

paragraphs: Arthrostylidium judziewiczii is a species of "Arthrostylidium" bamboo in the grass family. The species is native to Central America, the West Indies, northern South America, and southern Mexico.


title: Pontresina

paragraphs: Pontresina () is a municipality of the district Maloja in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.


title: + (album)

paragraphs: + (pronounced "plus") is the first studio album by English artist Ed Sheeran. The album was released on September 9, 2011 and is considered to be Sheeran's breakthrough into the music industry.

paragraphs: "+" was met with mostly positive reviews from critics on release. The album topped the UK Album Charts at no. 1 and went on to become Triple Platinum certified, with over 1,958,000 copies being sold. This makes it the sixth best-selling album of the 2010s and the 44h best-selling album of the 21st century. The albums two preceding singles—"The A Team" and "You Need Me, I Don't Need You"— peaked at No. 3 and No. 4 on the UK Singles Chart.


title: Erie County, New York

paragraphs: Erie County is a county in the state of New York in the United States. As of the 2010 census, 919,040 people lived there. The county seat is Buffalo. The county's name comes from Lake Erie.

paragraphs: The cities of Lackawanna and Tonawanda are in Erie County.

paragraphs: Erie County is home to the Buffalo Bills football team, the Buffalo Sabres hockey team, and the Buffalo Bandits lacrosse team.


title: Chusquea

paragraphs: Chusquea is a genus of evergreen bamboos in the grass family. Most of them are native to mountain habitats in Latin America, from Mexico to southern Chile and Argentina.

paragraphs: They are sometimes referred to as South American mountain bamboos. Unlike most other grasses, the stems of these species are solid, not hollow. Some animals are associated with stands of "Chusquea", for example the Inca wren and the plushcap.

paragraphs: "Chusquea culeou", the colihue cane, from southern Chile and western Argentina, is notable as the most frost-tolerant South American bamboo and the only one that has been grown successfully to any extent in the temperate Northern Hemisphere, with successful growth as an ornamental plant north to Scotland. The colihue cane was used by the Mapuches Indians to make instruments and as lances during the War of Arauco.

paragraphs: "Chusquea quila" (in Spanish "quila"), in contrast to Colihue, has a spreading or vining growth. It prefers wet places and does not grow above , where "C. coleou" becomes more dominant. "Chusquea quila" can form pure stands called "quilantales". Very few plants can grow under this species.

paragraphs: The genus "Chusquea" now includes species formerly classified in "Dendragrostis", "Rettbergia," "Swallenochloa", and "Neurolepis." The genus has been organized into three subgenera, subg. "Rettbergia", subg. "Swallenochloa" and subg. "Chusquea", although molecular evidence only supports a monophyletic subg. "Rettbergia".


title: Shimmer and Shine

paragraphs: Shimmer and Shine is a Canadian–American animated children's television series created by Farnaz Esnaashari-Charmatz. It airs on Nickelodeon in the United States and on Treehouse in Canada. The series premiered on August 24, 2015. The show was based on an unreleased pilot from September 2013.

paragraphs: On February 11, 2016, it was announced that "Shimmer and Shine" was renewed for a second season that uses CGI animation. On June 21, 2016, "Shimmer and Shine" was renewed for a third season.


title: Katalin Szőke

paragraphs: Katalin Szőke (17 August 1935 – 27 October 2017) was a Hungarian swimmer. She competed at the 1952 Olympics and won two gold medals, in the 100 m and 4 × 100 m freestyle events. She was born in Budapest. During her career Szőke set four world records. In 1985 she was inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame.

paragraphs: Szőke died on 27 October 2017 in Los Angeles, California at the age of 82.


title: Josaphat-Robert Large

paragraphs: Josaphat-Robert Large (November 15, 1942 – October 28, 2017) was a Haitian-American poet, novelist and art critic. His novel, "Les terres entourées de larmes" ("Shore surrounded with tears") won the Prix littéraire des Caraïbes (Caribbean literary Prize) in 2003. He was born in Jérémie, Haiti. Large was a member of La Société des Gens de Lettres de France (Society of French intellectuals) and of the PEN Club America.

paragraphs: Large died of cancer in New York City on October 28, 2017 at the age of 74.


title: Dennis Banks

paragraphs: Dennis Banks (April 12, 1937 – October 29, 2017) was a Native American leader, teacher, lecturer, activist, actor and author. He was an Anishinaabe born on Leech Lake Indian Reservation in northern Minnesota. Banks was also known as Nowa Cumig. His name in the Ojibwe language means "In the Center of the Universe". He was a longtime leader of the American Indian Movement, which he co-founded in 1968 with Native Americans in Minneapolis.

paragraphs: Banks had roles in the movies "War Party" (1988), "The Last of the Mohicans" (1992), "Thunderheart" (1992), and "Older Than America" (2008).

paragraphs: In August 2016, Banks received the vice presidential 2016 election nomination of the Peace and Freedom Party, a socialist political party with ballot access in California. He appeared on the California ballot with presidential nominee Gloria La Riva.

paragraphs: Banks died of complications from pneumonia on October 29, 2017 in Rochester, Minnesota at the age of 80.


title: Linda Nochlin

paragraphs: Linda Nochlin ("née" Weinberg; January 30, 1931 – October 29, 2017) was an American art historian and feminist. She was a Professor Emerita of Modern Art at New York University Institute of Fine Arts. She was also a essayist. A well known feminist art historian, she became well known for her pioneering 1971 article "Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists?". She was born in New York City.

paragraphs: Nochlin studied at Vassar College, Columbia University and at New York University.

paragraphs: Nochlin was the co-curator of a number of landmark exhibitions exploring the history and achievements of female artists. Her works include "Global Feminisms" at the Brooklyn Museum and "Women Artists: 1550-1950" (with Ann Sutherland Harris) at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art.

paragraphs: Nochlin died at age 86 on October 29, 2017.


title: Kim Joo-hyuk

paragraphs: Kim Joo-hyuk (; 3 October 1972 – 30 October 2017) was a South Korean actor. He was born in Seoul, South Korea.

paragraphs: Kim was known for his leading roles in the movies "My Wife Got Married" (2008), "The Servant" (2010) and "Yourself and Yours" (2016). He was known for his roles on the television series "Lovers in Prague" (2005), "God of War" (2012), "Hur Jun, The Original Story" (2013) and "Argon" (2017). Also, he was a regular member of the TV show 2 Days and 1 Night, which gave him the his best-known nickname “Brother Gutaeng”(구탱이형).

paragraphs: Kim was killed in a car crash near Seoul after suffering a heart attack behind the wheel on 30 October 2017 at the age of 45.


title: James D. Martin

paragraphs: James Douglas Martin (September 1, 1918 – October 30, 2017) was an American businessman and Republican politician. He was born in Tarrant, Alabama. He served a single term in the United States House of Representatives from 1965 to 1967.

paragraphs: His 1962 campaign for the United States Senate against the Democrat J. Lister Hill was the first serious showing by a member of his party in Alabama since Reconstruction.

paragraphs: The James D. Martin Wildlife Park at U.S. Highway 411 in Gadsden is named in his honor.

paragraphs: Martin died in Gadsden, Alabama of congestive heart failure on October 30, 2017 at the age of 99.


title: Melanmai Ponnusamy

paragraphs: Melanmai Ponnusamy (, 1951 – 30 October 2017) was a Tamil writer and journalist. He was born in Melanmarainadu, Tamil Nadu, India. He was a Marxist by political orientation and a member of Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI-M). His first short story was published in 1972 in the literary journal "Semmalar". He wrote columns for "Ananda Vikatan" and "Kalki".

paragraphs: Ponnusamy died of a heart attack in Tamil Nadu on 30 October 2017 at the age of 66.


title: Daniel Te'o-Nesheim

paragraphs: Daniel Te'o-Nesheim (; born Daniel Nesheim, June 12, 1987 – October 29, 2017) was a Samoan American football defensive end. He was drafted by the Philadelphia Eagles in the third round of the 2010 NFL Draft. He played college football at Washington. He was born in Pago Pago, American Samoa.

paragraphs: On October 30, 2017, Te'o-Nesheim was reported to have died at the age of 30.


title: Aterno-Pescara

paragraphs: The Aterno-Pescara () is the longest river in the Abruzzo region and the one with largest watershed, of the rivers that flow into the Adriatic Sea south of the Reno river.

paragraphs: The river starts as Aterno on the "Monti della Laga" (a mountain range in the central Apennines) flowing mainly through the provinces of L'Aquila and Pescara; it flows also through the Chieti but only for a short distance. In the "comune" of Popoli, the river is joined by the "Pescara" river and then flows into the Adriatic Sea in the city of Pescara.

paragraphs: The Aterno-Pescara river has a length of , and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .

paragraphs: The Aterno-Pescara river could be divided in three parts: the "Aterno" from its start till its confluence with the Saggitario river, "Aterno-Saggitario" till its confluence with the Pescara, and "Aterno-Pescara" till its mouth in the Adriatic Sea.

paragraphs: The Aterno starts in the "Monti della Laga" mountain range at an altitude of , just to the northeast of "Aringo", a hamlet in the Montereale "comune". It runs through the Montereale canyon and flows, in general, to the southeast and flows to the south of the city of L'Aquila.

paragraphs: After the "San Venanzio" canyon and of the Raiano comune, the Aterno turns to the northeast.

paragraphs: In Popoli, the Aterno joins its main tributary, il "Sagittario". For several kilometers, the river is called Aterno-Sagittario.

paragraphs: Later, the Aterno is joined by the "Pescara" river, a very short river; from this point, the river is called Aterno-Pescara or, simply, Pescara, and keeps flowing to the northeast.

paragraphs: The river flows through the valley of Pescara, touching the low part of the city of Chieti and gets in to the city of Pescara where it ends in the Adriatic Sea.

paragraphs: The Aterno-Pescara flows through many municipalities; some of them are:

paragraphs: The main tributaries of the Aterno-Pescara river are:


title: Delphine Gibson

paragraphs: Delphine Gibson (August 17, 1903 – May 9, 2018) was an American supercentenarian. She was born Fairfield County, South Carolina. At the age of was the oldest person in the United States. She became the oldest living American upon the death of Adele Dunlap on February 5, 2017.

paragraphs: She married Tyler Gibson in 1928. They had three children. Gibson lives in Huntingdon, Pennsylvania. Gibson died on May 9, 2018 at the age of 114.


title: Jean Daniel

paragraphs: Jean Daniel (born 21 July 1920), also known as Jean Daniel Bensaid, is an Algerian-born French Jewish journalist and author. He is the founder and executive editor of "Le Nouvel Observateur" weekly. He was born in Blida, Algeria. He is a member of the Saint-Simon Foundation think-tank.

paragraphs: In "La prison juive: Humeurs et méditations d'un témoin" ("The Jewish Prison"), Daniel argues that prosperous Jews in the west live in a self-imposed prison made of up of three invisible walls: the idea of the Chosen People, Holocaust remembrance, and support for Israel.


title: Parasakthi (movie)

paragraphs: Parasakthi is an 1952 Indian film in the language of Tamil directed by R. Krishnan - S. Panju. This film is the debut for the famous actor of Tamil cinema known for his excellent acting, Sivaji Ganesan. This film was jointly produced by National Pictures and AVM Productions. This film is based on the stage play written by Pavalar Balasundaram in the same title.

paragraphs: The film narrates the misfortunes of a Tamil family during the World War II and how the individuals of the family face their fate and how they reunite at the climax of the film.

paragraphs: The screenplay and dialogues for Parasakthi were written by M. Karunanidhi, who would later become the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu. The music of Parasakthi was composed by R. Sudarsanam. The lyrics were written by Bharathidasan, Subramania Bharati, M. Karunanidhi, Annal Thango, Udumalai Narayana Kavi and K. P. Kamatchisundaram. Parasakthi was released on 17 October 1952, during the festive occasion of Diwali, and faced controversies because of its portrayal of Brahmins and Hindu customs and practices in poor light.The society with powerful peoples (elites) including the then ruling State government even demanded the film to be banned.

paragraphs: Despite these protests, the film was critically celebrated, with praise directed towards its dialogues and the actors performances in particular. The film also become a commercial success, and had a theatrical run of over 175 days. Parasakthi in Tamil cinema became a trendsetter for dialogues and acting for later Tamil films.