title: Héctor Ferrer

paragraphs: Héctor J. Ferrer Ríos (March 27, 1966 – November 5, 2018) was a Puerto Rican Democratic politician and attorney. He was a legislator in the House of Representatives of Puerto Rico from 2001 to 2012 for three consecutive terms. He was the president of the Popular Democratic Party of Puerto Rico (PPD) from 2017 to October 2018. Ferrer was born in San Juan.

paragraphs: In September 2015, Ferrer was diagnosed with esophageal cancer. He died in San Juan on November 5, 2018 from the disease at the age of 52.


title: Chaghcharan Airport

paragraphs: Chaghcharan Airport () is an airport in Afghanistan located in Chaghcharan city of Ghor Province, in central parts of the country.


title: Donna Axum

paragraphs: Donna Idelle Axum (January 3, 1942 – November 4, 2018) was an American beauty pageant winner, philanthropist and model. She was newly made Miss Arkansas who was crowned Miss America in 1964. She was born in El Dorado, Arkansas.

paragraphs: From 1969 to 1972, she was married to Texas state politician Gus Franklin Mutscher.

paragraphs: Axum died on November 4, 2018 in Fort Worth, Texas from complications of Parkinson's disease at the age of 76.


title: Gus Franklin Mutscher

paragraphs: Gus Franklin Mutscher (born November 19, 1932) is an American Democratic politician. He is a former Speaker of the Texas House of Representatives from 1969 to 1972.

paragraphs: Mutscher was one of several Texas politicians indicted in the Sharpstown bank stock fraud scandal. He was convicted and sentenced to five years probation for conspiring to accept a bribe. Mutscher, however, was later cleared on appeal.

paragraphs: Mutscher was born in Brenham, Texas. He married a former Miss America, Donna Axum of El Dorado, Arkansas in 1969, but divorced in 1972.


title: Brenham, Texas

paragraphs: Brenham is a city in Texas in Washington County, United States, with a population of 15,716 according to the 2010 U.S. census. It is the county seat of Washington County. Brenham is south of College Station.


title: Feride Rushiti

paragraphs: Dr. Feride Rushiti is the founder and Executive Director of the Kosova Rehabilitation Centre for Torture Victims (KRCT) since 1999. Ms. Rushiti is graduated and specialized at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Tirana, Albania.

paragraphs: Feride Rushiti is one of the pioneering activists of Human Rights in Kosovo. Soon as the war in Kosovo has ended in 1999 she established the KRCT the same year, just in order to treat survivor victims of torture where she was actively involved in providing medical and psycho-social assistance for the first post-war returnees.

paragraphs: Ms. Rushiti began its work in March 1999, when half of Kosovo’s population fled Kosovo, and mainly where deported to Albania; many of them had suffered from the effects of severe mental and somatic torture and other violations of human rights.

paragraphs: She continued in supporting victims of post-war trauma since that time and advocating strongly in promoting and advancing their rights, social inclusion, combating stigmatization, and get recognized by law for this sensitive social group.

paragraphs: In its 20 years of work and activity, the primary importance has been dedicated "to the survivals of wartime sexual violence in Kosovo". After almost two decades of work and uncompromising engagement of Mrs. Rushiti, survivors of sexual violence have been recognized as a civilian victim of war as a legal status. Exactly, in 2017, its advocacy brought an important government decision to fund personal retirement for survivors of wartime sexual violence in Kosovo.

paragraphs: Since 2007, within the Human Rights and Advocacy Sector, she has been very active in lobbying, promoting and protecting human rights for persons deprived of their liberty. In this regard, thanks to the contribution and influence of Mrs. Rushiti, the overall treatment situation and the legal framework for persons deprived of their liberty has been promoted and improved.

paragraphs: Feride Rushiti, as a result of her bold and unremitting commitment in the field of Rehabilitation, Human Rights, Research and Documentation, Advocacy and Lobbying, and Economic Reintegration, in 2018, the US Department of State has awarded the Award International for Courageous Women.

paragraphs: Feride Rushiti is an ethnic Albanian from Gjilan in eastern Kosovo.

paragraphs: Rushiti graduated from the Faculty of Medicine in Tirana in 1997. Later she specialized in gastroenterology.

paragraphs: In 1999, Rushiti traveled to Kukës in eastern Kosovo, on the Albanian border. She worked with the UN’s children’s agency and with Doctors Without Borders.

paragraphs: During the 1990s, more than half of the population of Kosovo moved out of the country, mostly to Albania, because of the 1998-1999 war and because of many human rights violations. Rushiti formed a group of 45 health professionals from Kosovo to provide medical and psychological support to the refugees. After the war, the refugees returned to Kosovo. This was a new beginning for protection of human rights, especially from torture and other forms of human degradation. In October 1999, Rushiti started the Kosovo Center for Rehabilitation of Torture Victims (KRCT), to provide rehabilitation, health care, and psycho-social help for the survivors of torture and violence.

paragraphs: In 2014, the parliament passed a law to recognize rape survivors as war victims, so they could receive pensions. In 2018, after more than ten years of advocacy by women's activists, including Feride Rushiti of The Kosovo Rehabilitation Centre for Torture Victims, they started receiving money. Survivors can receive $280 a month (about 228 Euros).


title: Hyperloop

paragraphs: A Hyperloop is a proposed type of train that would travel at very high speeds. The reason it can travel so fast is because it is inside a tube with no air. This vacuum means that there will be no friction to slow the train.

paragraphs: The Hyperloop is being created and tested in various places around the world, for example the United States, the Middle East and Asia.

paragraphs: In 2012, Elon Musk (Tesla Motors, SpaceX) proposed this technology. In 2013, he put a plan online that showed the hyperloop train taking 35 minutes to go between San Francisco and Los Angeles in the United States. He shared this technology to the world. In 2015, Musk's company built a test tube. He asked universities and companies to make the test trains. They had two competitions in 2017 to see how fast the hyperloop trains could travel. The fastest test was .


title: Bourton-on-the-Water

paragraphs: Bourton-on-the-Water is a large village and civil parish in Gloucestershire, England. It is surrounded by the Cotswolds Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. 3,296 people live there making it a very large village, bigger than the nearby market towns of Burford and Stow-on-the-wold.


title: Selection sort

paragraphs: In computer science, selection sort is a method for sorting data such as numbers into an ordered list. It is not an efficient method of sorting data compared to more advanced algorithms such as quicksort and heapsort. However, it is very simple to build and is usually taught to beginners in computer science.

paragraphs: Selection sort has a time complexity of O(n).

paragraphs: When given a list of unsorted data, the algorithm will divide the list into two parts: one part that has all the sorted data and another part that has all the remaining unsorted data. When the algorithm first starts, there is no data in the first part as no data has been sorted yet and all the unsorted data is in the second part. The algorithm then starts to find the smallest item in the unsorted data and swap it with the left-most element of the list. The part with the sorted data is then the left-most element and the part with the unsorted data is the remaining unsorted elements. The algorithm repeats itself, by finding the smallest element within the list of unsorted data and swapping it with the left-most element, eventually getting a sorted data.

paragraphs: Here is an example of selection sort working on six elements:

paragraphs: The implementation of this algorithm requires using two nested loops. The outer loop is to work on every element in the list starting from the left-most element whereas the inner loop is to find for the smallest element within the unsorted part of the list before the smallest element is swapped with the left-most element.

paragraphs: A possible way of writing this algorithm in Java is shown below.

paragraphs: public static void selectionSort(int[] array) {


title: John Cherrington

paragraphs: John L Cherrington (19312015) was a UK-based artist born in Herefordshire. Cherrington died in Llandudno in 2015 aged 87.

paragraphs: Cherrington completed more than 800 paintings. His subjects varied from farmers' prize stock animals, to portraits. He also painted many expressionism works and later went on to use his skills illustrating children's books. These varied from nature books to weekly illustrated comics.

paragraphs: Among his best works was a portrait of Rab Butler who was a former British Chancellor of the Exchequer. Cherrington's portrait of Butler was as a Master of Trinity College, Cambridge which was accepted into the Royal Society of Portrait Painters. A number of his other artworks were also shown in the RSOPP exhibitions between 1969 and 1974.

paragraphs: Cherrington used a variety of art media, including oils, acrylics and pastels. He liked colours and produced many fine psychedelic art paintings during his career as an artist.


title: Vital Heynen

paragraphs: Vital Heynen (born 12 June 1969) is a former Belgian volleyball player and head coach of German club VfB Friedrichshafen and Poland men's national volleyball team.


title: Buryatia

paragraphs: The Republic of Buryatia is one of 85 federal subjects of Russia. It is in the Siberian area of Russia. It is grouped and governed as part of the Far Eastern District. The Far Eastern District contains ten other federal subjects too. Buryatia also shares an international border with Mongolia.

paragraphs: In the past, the Buryats were linked and related to the Mongols. It is because of the close distance and trade with each other. They also share a similar culture. Because of this the Buryats were ruled by the Mongols many times. The Xiongnu Empire (209 BC-93 CE), Kublai Khan's Mongol Empire (1206-1368) and the Northern Yuan Empire (1368-1691), were examples when the Buryats were ruled by the Mongols. Other Mongol tribes also lived in Buryatia during that time too. The Russians, who were Europeans, first arrived in the area of the present-day Buryatia during the 17th century. They came because they were looking for furs and gold. Later during the 1920s, the area was affected by the violence of the Russian Civil War. In 1923, the Buryat-Mongolian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was formed at the end of the civil war to put in place a proper rule. The area changed size and name many times while it was in the Soviet Union. The Buryat ASSR started controlling itself in 1990. This was when the Soviet Union collapsed and Buryatia took on the name Republic of Buryatia in 1992. However, it continued to be a republic in Russia.

paragraphs: Buryatia is in the south central part of Siberia. Because of this it has a subarctic climate, which have long, cold winters, and short, mild summers. There is not a lot of rainfall in the area because of the climate. The landscape is mostly mountainous. Lake Baikal, the world's largest freshwater lake, is also in Buryatia. There are many animals and birds in the area. These animals and birds may appear depending on the season. The area is also rich in minerals like gold, tungsten, uranium, zinc and more.

paragraphs: Buryatia's population at the end of the Soviet Union decreased for some time, according to data. It is currently increasing again. A little bit more than half of the population live in cities and towns. Most of the people that live in cities and towns live in the capital, Ulan-Ude. Ethnic Buryats are about one third of the population. Russians mostly make up the other two-thirds of the population. Most ethnic Buryats practice a religion that is mixed with Buddhism and Shamanism, which is a belief that worships spirits and nature. On the other hand, ethnic Russians mostly practice Orthodox Christianity. Russian is taught and used commonly in Buryatia. But the Buryat language is still taught in some schools and is used mostly at home.

paragraphs: The economy of Buryatia mostly relies on farming. This includes the growing of crops and rearing of animals. The mining of minerals contributes to the economy of Buryatia. The building of military equipment and machines also contribute to the economy of Buryatia. Lake Baikal is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Tourism to Lake Baikal and Buddhist sites are also more areas that have helped the economy.

paragraphs: The Head of Buryatia is the leader of the republic. The Head is chosen by public vote every five years. The People's Khural, is the republic's parliament. The People's Khural lawmakers are chosen similarly by the public every five years. The majority of these lawmakers are currently from the United Russia party. The United Russia party is the ruling party of Russia. The republic was part of the Siberia Federal District before it was transferred to the current Far East Federal District.

paragraphs: Buryatia lies along the important Trans-Siberian railway and Trans-Siberian Highway. This railway and road link Moscow with Asia. They also connect Buryatia with the rest of Russia. The republic has several airports, including Baikal International Airport. Flights from these airports link Buryatia to cities further away.


title: Rangeela Raja

paragraphs: Rangeela Raja is an Indian Hindi-language comedy movie, written and produced by Pahlaj Nihalani, and directed by Sikander Bharti. It was released in 2018

paragraphs: The movie stars Govinda, Shakti Kapoor, Digangana Suryavanshi, Prem Chopra, Govind Namdeo and Shyamlal Yadav. The film introduces Mishika Chourasia and Anupama Agnihotri.

paragraphs: The movie is set in Rajesthan and Govinda will be seen in a double role, portraying four distinct characters. The movie was initially slated to release on 6 November 2018, the same date as Thugs Of Hindostan; however, in the trailer that was launched on 17 October 2018 the filmmakers announced 16 November 2018 as the release date.

paragraphs: Pahlaj Nihalani criticized the Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC) for not reviewing his movie, Rangeela Raja, for 40 days since the date of submission. The moviw was screened by the CBFC just two weeks ahead of its release, and the producer was asked to make 20 cuts. Nihalani accused the CBFC chairperson, Prasoon Joshi, of favoritism; he said that preferential treatment was extended to big studios. The ex-chairperson of CBFC moved the Bombay High Court against CBFC.


title: Garland County, Arkansas

paragraphs: Garland County is a county of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 96,024. The county seat is Hot Springs. It was founded on April 5, 1873.


title: Grant County, Arkansas

paragraphs: Grant County is a county of the U.S. state of Arkansas. 17,853 people lived there at the 2010 census. The county seat is Sheridan. It was founded on February 4, 1869.


title: Hempstead County, Arkansas

paragraphs: Hempstead County is a county of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 22,609. The county seat is Hope. It was founded on December 15, 1818.


title: Coy, Arkansas

paragraphs: Coy is a town of the state of Arkansas in the United States of America.


title: Hot Spring County, Arkansas

paragraphs: Hot Spring County is a county of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 32,923. The county seat is Malvern. It was founded on November 2, 1829.


title: Howard County, Arkansas

paragraphs: Howard County is a county of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 13,789. The county seat is Nashville. It was founded on April 17, 1873.


title: Rison, Arkansas

paragraphs: Rison is a city in the US state of Arkansas.


title: Murfreesboro, Arkansas

paragraphs: Murfreesboro is a city in the US state of Arkansas.


title: Bernard Landry

paragraphs: Bernard Landry (; March 9, 1937 – November 6, 2018), was a Canadian lawyer, teacher, politician. He was the leader of the Parti Québécois (2001–2005) and was the 28th Premier of Quebec (2001–2003), and leader of the Opposition (2003–2005). He was born in Saint-Jacques, Quebec.

paragraphs: Landry died on November 6, 2018 from complications of pulmonary fibrosis in Verchères near Montreal at the age of 81.


title: Wired (magazine)

paragraphs: Wired (called WIRED) is a magazine written in English. It is issued to readers once a month. They also put up their editions on the Internet, on their own website. Their writers write about politics, the economy, and how new technology changes culture. The magazine belongs to a company called Condé Nast, and has it’s headquarters in San Francisco, California.

paragraphs: They have other kinds of their magazine like "Wired UK", "Wired Italia", etc. In their first “colophons”, they said that a Canadian named Marshall McLuhan was their “patron saint”. When it started, influence on the magazine’s editorials was strongest about “techno-utopian” stuff.

paragraphs: There is a paywall on the website, which is 20 US dollars a year. During the time Condé Nast owned the magazine, Wired News took care of the website.

paragraphs: The magazine was started by a journalist named Louis Rossetto and his friend Jane Metcalfe, along with Ian Charles Stewart, in 1993. In the early days, they were backed up by a software entrepreneur named Charlie Jackson and an academic named Nicholas Negroponte of the MIT Media Lab, who was a columnist for six years (through 1998) and wrote the book "Being Digital". The founding designers were John Plunkett and Barbara Kuhr (Plunkett+Kuhr), starting with a 1991 verson and keeing up through the first five years of their magazine, 1993–98.

paragraphs: "Wired", who said it was "the "Rolling Stone" of technology", showed off at the Macworld conference on January 2, 1993., gained success at its launch, it was loved by many for its vision, originality, innovation, and cultural impact. In its first four years, the magazine earned two National Magazine Awards for General Excellence and one for Design.

paragraphs: The founding executive editor of "Wired", Kevin Kelly, was once an editor of the "Whole Earth Catalog" and the "Whole Earth Review" and took with him a few contributing writers from those publications. Six writers of the first "Wired" issue (1.1) had made stories for "Whole Earth Review", with the most famous writer being Bruce Sterling (who was highlighted on the first cover) and Stewart Brand. Other people who contribute to "Whole Earth" were also shown in the magazine, including William Gibson, who was shown on "Wired"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s cover in its first year and his article "Disneyland with the Death Penalty" in issue 1.4 resulted in the publication being banned in Singapore.


title: Sean Casten

paragraphs: Sean Casten (born November 23, 1971) is an American scientist, clean energy entrepreneur, and politician. He is the member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois's 6th district since January 3, 2019.

paragraphs: He was the Democratic Party's nominee for the House of Representatives for Illinois’ 6th District in the 2018 election, and won the election on November 6, 2018.


title: Kevin Stitt

paragraphs: John Kevin Stitt (born December 28, 1972) is an American businessman, philanthropist and politician. He is a member of the Republican Party. Stitt is the 28th Governor of Oklahoma since 2019.

paragraphs: He is the founder and Chairman of Gateway Mortgage Group. He grew up in Norman, Oklahoma and graduated from Oklahoma State University.


title: Lauren Underwood

paragraphs: Lauren Ashley Underwood (born October 4, 1986_ is an American politician, political advisor and former registered nurse. She was born in Ohio, but raised in Naperville, Illinois. She is a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois's 14th district since January 3, 2019.

paragraphs: Underwood studied at University of Michigan and at Johns Hopkins University.

paragraphs: In August 2017, Underwood announced her candidacy in the 2018 elections for the United States House of Representatives in . Underwood defeated incumbent Randy Hultgren in the November 2018 general election.


title: Bob Stefanowski

paragraphs: Robert Vincent Stefanowski (born May 21, 1962) is an American business executive and politician. He ran as the Republican nominee for Governor of Connecticut.

paragraphs: He is a former business executive of General Electric, 3i Group plc, UBS, and Dollar Financial Group. On August 14, 2018, Stefanowski won the Republican primary in the 2018 Connecticut gubernatorial election. On August 15, 2018, President Donald Trump endorsed Stefanowski's campaign.

paragraphs: Stefanowski lost the November 2018 gubernatorial election to Democrat Ned Lamont.


title: Peace TV

paragraphs: Peace TV is a nonprofit satellite television network broadcasting globally 24/7 from Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Peace TV programs are all in the English language and telecast free-to-air. The founder and president of Peace TV is Zakir Naik, an Islamic preacher from Mumbai, India. In 2016, there was a terrorist attack in Dhaka. Militants stormed a bakery and took several hostages. After unsuccessful negotiations, special units of the police stormed the bakery. In the process, at least five terrorists, and more than 15 hostages were killed. Police later revealed, that the terrorists had been influnced by Naik's speeches. These sppeches which seemed to be provocative. Following this incident, the channel was banned in Bangladesh.. In 2019, the british telecom regulatic office Ofcom ruled that Peace TV broke the rules of diffusing hate speech After the 2019 Easter Bombings it was banned in India and Sri Lanka, for diffusing hate speech..


title: Alamgir

paragraphs: Alamgir (born 3 April 1950) is a Bangladeshi actor and television host. He won Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Actor seven times for his roles in the movies, "Ma O Chhele" (1985), "Apeksha" (1987), "Khotipuron" (1989), "Moroner Pore" (1990), "Pita Mata Santan" (1991), "Andha Biswas" (1992) and "Desh Premik" (1994). Besides, he earned Best Supporting Actor award for the movies, "Bhalobaslei Ghor Bandha Jay Na" (2010) and "Ke Apon Ke Por" (2011).


title: Runa Laila

paragraphs: Runa Laila (born 17 November 1952) is a Bangladeshi playback singer. She is one of the best-known in South Asia. She started her career in Pakistan film industry in late 1960s. Her style of singing is inspired by Pakistani playback singer Ahmed Rushdi and she also made a pair with him after replacing another singer Mala.


title: Jonathan Cantwell

paragraphs: Jonathan Cantwell (8 January 1982 – 6 November 2018) was an Australian professional road bicycle racer. He formerly rode for UCI Professional Continental Team . Cantwell made his Grand Tour début at the 2012 Tour de France. Cantwell took his first top ten placing on stage 4, when he finished sixth on the stage.

paragraphs: Cantwell died on 6 November 2018 at the age of 36.


title: Sadika Parvin Popy

paragraphs: Sadika Parvin Popy (known as Popy) is a Bangladeshi movie actress and model who has performed in numerous Bangladeshi films. She was born and brought up in Khulna city. She has won three national film awards for Best Actress.


title: Greg Pence

paragraphs: Gregory Joseph Pence (born November 14, 1956) is an American businessman and politician. He is the member for Indiana's 6th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives since January 3, 2019. He is the older brother of U.S. Vice President Mike Pence.


title: National Film Awards (Bangladesh)

paragraphs: National Film Awards is the most prominent film award ceremony in Bangladesh. Established in 1975 by Government of Bangladesh. This is the only film awards given to the Government of Bangladesh. Every year, a national panel appointed by the government selects the winning entry, and the award ceremony is held in Dhaka. Newly started the Lifetime Achievement, it was first initiated on the 2009.


title: Parveen Sultana Diti

paragraphs: Parveen Sultana ( known by her stage name Diti; 31 March 1965 – 20 March 2016) was a Bangladeshi film and television actress. She won the Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Supporting Actress in 1987 for her performance in "Shami Stri". She acted in more than 200 films in her career.


title: Ilhan Omar

paragraphs: Ilhan Abdullahi Omar (Arabic: إلهان عبد الله عمر born October 4, 1981) is a Somali-American politician. She is the member of the U.S House of Representatives from Minnesota's 5th district since January 3, 2019. Ilhan Omar is also member of the President's so-called "Squad", which includes her, and three other female representatives that are all people of color.

paragraphs: In 2016, she was elected a Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party member of the Minnesota House of Representatives, making her the first Somali-American legislator elected to office in the United States. She is the Director of Policy and Initiatives of the Women Organizing Women Network.

paragraphs: Omar was the Democratic Farmer Labor nominee for U.S. Representative in Minnesota's 5th congressional district, having won the primary on August 14, 2018. Omar won the general election in November 2018, becoming first Muslim-American woman to be elected to congress, alongside Rashida Tlaib.

paragraphs: Omar is a member of "The Squad" along with Tlaib, Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez and Ayanna Pressley. In 2020, Omar endorsed Bernie Sanders for President.


title: Carlos Lopez-Cantera

paragraphs: Carlos Lopez-Cantera (born December 29, 1973) is an American politician. He was the 19th Lieutenant Governor of Florida from February 3, 2014 to January 8, 2019. He is a member of the Republican Party.

paragraphs: On January 14, 2014, Governor Rick Scott announced López-Cantera's appointment to serve out the term of Jennifer Carroll, who resigned on March 12, 2013.


title: Sucharita

paragraphs: Baby Helen (known by her stage name Sucharita; born 1958) is a Bangladeshi film actress. She won the Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Actress for her role in the film "Hangor Nodi Grenade" (1997). She has acted in over 100 movies.

paragraphs: Beside the Bangladesh National Film Award, Sucharita won Best Actress award from Bangladesh Film Journalists Association in 1981.


title: Nipun Akter

paragraphs: Nasrin Akter Nipun (known as Nipun Akter) is a Bangladeshi movie actress. She has won the National Film Award twice. Nipun entered into the movie industry in 2006.


title: Susan Tomes

paragraphs: Susan Mary Tomes (born 26 May 1954) is a Scottish pianist, writer and educator. A specialist in chamber music, she has been the pianist of Domus (1979-1995), the Florestan Trio (1995-2012), and the Gaudier Ensemble (1993-), and has performed in many duos and other chamber music combinations. She also plays solo recitals, concertos, gives lecture-recitals, teaches, gives masterclasses at music colleges, and sits on international competition juries. She has made more than fifty CDs, and has published five books.


title: Kazi Hayat

paragraphs: Kazi Hayat is a Bangladeshi movie director, producer, screenwriter, script writer, story writer, dialogue writer and actor.

paragraphs: Hayat won the Bangladesh National Film Award eight times - Best Story for "Dayi Ke" (1987), Best Dialogue and Best Screenplay for Traas (1992), Best Story for "Chandabaz" (1993), Best Director and Best Screenplay for "Desh Premik" (1994), Best Cinematography for "Ammajan" (1999), and Best Director for "Itihas" (2002).


title: Amol Bose

paragraphs: Amal Bose (born Amalendu Bose ); 194323 January 2012) was a Bangladeshi actor who appeared in theater, TV and radio performances. He began his career in stage acting in 1963. His first film appearance was in "Raja Sannasi" (1966).

paragraphs: Bose won the National Film Awards for best co-artist' in the film "Ajker Protibad", directed by Chashi Nazrul Islam.


title: Kithuruwan Vithanage

paragraphs: Kasun Disi Kithuruwan Vithanage is a professional Sri Lankan cricketer who plays for all forms of the game in international level. He is a Left-hand batsman and legbreak bowler.


title: Rani Kuthir Baki Itihash

paragraphs: Rani Kuthir Baki Itihash () is a 2006 Bangladeshi drama-mystery movie The movie was the directoral debut of news anchor and prominent media personality Samia Zaman. and produced by Bangladeshi satellite TV Channel NTV, their second film production.


title: Jaago – Dare to Dream

paragraphs: Jaago () is a 2010 Bangladeshi sports drama movie written and directed by Khijir Hayat Khan. The movie is produced by Adnan Karim. The film features Ferdous Ahmed and Afsana Ara Bindu in lead roles and with supporting Arifin Shuvoo, Tariq Anam Khan, Rownak Hasan, Fs Nayeem and many more. It is the first Bangladeshi movie based entirely on football.

paragraphs: Jaago received fifteen nominations and received six awards in the following categories: Best Film (Critics' Choice); Best Director (Khijir Hayat Khan); Best Music Director (Arnob); Best Actress (Bindu); Best Playback Singer Male (Kumar Bishwajit for "Jhum Jhum Brishti") and Best Sound Engineer (Bappi Rahman).


title: Beta Centauri

paragraphs: Beta Centauri (β Centauri, β Cen, Agena, or Hadar), is a triple star system in the southern constellation of Centaurus.

paragraphs: The system's combined apparent visual magnitude of 0.61 makes it the second-brightest star in Centaurus and one of the brightest stars in the night sky. According to parallax measurements from the astrometric Hipparcos satellite, the distance to this system is about .

paragraphs: Beta Centauri is well known in the Southern Hemisphere. A line made from Alpha Centauri, through Beta Centauri leads to within a few degrees of Gacrux, the star at the top of the Southern Cross. Using Gacrux, a navigator can draw a line with Acrux at the bottom to find South.


title: Biyer Phul

paragraphs: Biyer Phul is a Bangladeshi romantic movie. It was released in 1999 and directed by Motin Rahman. The movie stars Riaz, Shabnur, and Shakil Khan in lead roles along with Kabori, Amol Bosh, Probir Mitra, Ahmed Sharif, and Misha Swaodagor.

paragraphs: Ahmed Imtiaz Bulbul was music director for the film.


title: Chandragrohon

paragraphs: Chandragrohon: The Lunar Eclipse is a Bangladeshi movie based on a short story written by Indian Bengali author Syed Mustafa Siraj. The movie was released 2008 and younger director Murad Parvez first time directed the film. The film features Riaz, Shohana Saba, and Champa in lead roles along with Shahiduzzaman Selim, KS Firoz, Dilara Jaman, Kohinur, Gazi Rakayet, and Azom Faruk supporting role.

paragraphs: In 2008, the movie won three National Film Awards and including other four awards.

paragraphs: "Chandragrohon" won National Film Award and also other four awards totally seven sections.


title: Kusum Kusum Prem

paragraphs: Kusum Kusum Prem is a Bangladeshi Bengali language movie. It was released 2011. The movie directed by Mushfiqur Rahman Gulzar who also wrote the story. The movie produced by Impress Telefilm Limited. The movie stars Moushumi, Ferdous and Riaz in lead roles.

paragraphs: Ferdous Ahmed and Emon Saha has been judged as best actor for his outstanding performance in the film "Kusum Kusum Prem".


title: Binary search

paragraphs: In computer science, binary search is a method used for finding an item in a sorted list. It is an algorithm that is more efficient than linear search, which will go through every item in the list of items to find a particular item. However, the given list of items must be sorted first before a binary search algorithm can be used.

paragraphs: The binary search algorithm works by repeatedly splitting the sorted list into two and working on the part of the list that may contain the item that you are looking for until the final list contains only one item.

paragraphs: First, the algorithm must be given a sorted list and the item to look for, called the target value. The algorithm then compares the middle item of the sorted list with the target value. If the middle item is the same as the target value, then the position of that middle item in the sorted list is returned by the algorithm. If the middle item is larger than the target value, then the algorithm will repeat the previous step, but this time only working on the lower half of the sorted list (where all the items are smaller than the middle item). The same is done if the middle item is smaller than the target value, but the algorithm will repeat the previous step on the upper half of the sorted list (where all the items are larger than the middle item).

paragraphs: The position for the middle item is found using the following formula (round down to the nearest whole number):

paragraphs: As the algorithm will divide the sorted list into two parts, each iteration thus makes the size of the search smaller by half, which makes it very efficient when searching in a large list of items.

paragraphs: Here is an example of searching for the number 84 in a list of 9 numbers. The following is a table showing the 9 numbers in increasing order and their list positions:

paragraphs: The following is a table showing each step of the binary search algorithm. The middle item in the sorted list is in bold.

paragraphs: In this case, position 7 is returned by the algorithm after 3 steps. If the item is not inside the sorted list of items, the binary search algorithm will keep trying until the position of the smallest item is larger than the position of the biggest item before it will return as an unsuccessful search.

paragraphs: The implementation of this algorithm requires using a while loop, which will check if the position of the smallest item is larger than the position of the biggest item. Inside the loop, the algorithm will then check if the middle item is equal to, smaller than or bigger than the target value.

paragraphs: A possible way of writing this algorithm in Java is shown below.

paragraphs: public static int binarySearch(int[] array, int target) {


title: Jemima Goldsmith

paragraphs: Jemima Marcelle Khan (née Goldsmith, born 30 January 1974) is a British TV, movie and documentary producer and founder of Instinct Productions, a television production company. She was also a journalist, and an editor of The New Statesman, a British political and cultural magazine. Goldsmith married Pakistani cricketer and politician Imran Khan in 1995, and had two sons. The couple divorced in 2004, although they still consider each other as good friends.


title: Dmitry Yazov

paragraphs: Dmitry Timofeyevich Yazov (; 8 November 1924 – 25 February 2020) was a Soviet military personnel. He served during World War II and the Soviet–Afghan War. He was born in Omsk Oblast, Soviet Union.

paragraphs: He was the last Marshal of the Soviet Union to be appointed before the fall. He was the only Marshal of the Soviet Union to be born in Siberia. He is veteran of the Great Patriotic War. Yazov was the last surviving Soviet Marshal and the only military marshal not to have been awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.


title: Reham Khan

paragraphs: Reham Khan is a British Pakistani journalist, author, and filmmaker.

paragraphs: She married Pakistani former cricketer and politician Imran Khan in January 2015. The couple divorced after 9 months.

paragraphs: Reham was born to Nayyar Ramzan, a Pakistani physician. She is ethnically of Pashtun origins from the Lughmani clan, a sub-clan of the Swati tribe.

paragraphs: Her parents moved to Libya in the late 1960s, where Reham was born in Ajdabiya in 1973. She has one sister and one brother.

paragraphs: Reham has a Bachelor Degree in Education from Jinnah College for Women, Peshawar

paragraphs: She married Ejaz Rehman, her first cousin and British psychiatrist, when she was 19. Following their divorce, Khan began working as a broadcast journalist and later as randi in heera mandi. She has three children who have lived with her since the divorce.

paragraphs: On 6 January 2015, Imran Khan confirmed his marriage to Reham which ended on 30 October 2015 in a divorce.

paragraphs: Reham started her career in 2006 hosting shows on Legal TV. In 2007, Reham began presenting for Sunshine Radio Hereford and Worcester. In 2008, Khan joined BBC as broadcast journalist.

paragraphs: In 2013, Khan joined Pakistani news channel News One. In 2014, following a brief stint at PTV, she joined Dawn News presenting the current affairs show "In Focus". In May 2015, she began to host "The Reham Khan Show", a programme celebrating Pakistani heroes. In December 2015, she started a new talk show by the name of "Tabdeeli" on Neo TV. "Tabdeeli" (change) is also a political slogan of Imran Khan, her former husband.

paragraphs: Reham has also produced a Pakistani film "Janaan", the romantic comedy set in Swat which premiered on the occasion of Eid ul Adha on 13 September 2016.


title: Samuel P. Huntington

paragraphs: Samuel Phillips Huntington (April 18, 1927 – December 24, 2008) was an American political scientist, adviser and academic. He spent most of his career working at Harvard University, where he was director of Harvard's Center for International Affairs and the Albert J. Weatherhead III University Professor.

paragraphs: During the Presidency of Jimmy Carter, Huntington was the White House Coordinator of Security Planning for the National Security Council.

paragraphs: Huntington was best known for his 1993 theory, the "Clash of Civilizations", of a post-Cold War new world order. He argued that future wars would be fought not between countries, but between cultures. Many believed Hunting was responsible for helping to shape U.S. views on civilian-military relations, political development, and comparative government.

paragraphs: Huntington died on December 24, 2008 in Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts from congestive heart failure complicated by diabetes, aged 81.


title: Keith Christiansen

paragraphs: Keith Raymond "Huffer" Christiansen (July 14, 1944 – November 5, 2018) was a professional Canadian-born American ice hockey player. He was born in Fort Frances, Ontario.

paragraphs: Christiansen appeared in 138 World Hockey Association (WHA) regular season games with the Minnesota Fighting Saints between 1972 and 1974. Before turning professional, he was a member of the United States' 1972 Winter Olympics team that won the silver medal. He also represented the United States at the 1969, 1970 and 1971 Ice Hockey World Championships.

paragraphs: He was inducted into the United States Hockey Hall of Fame in 2005. Christiansen died in Duluth, Minnesota on November 5, 2018 at the age of 74 from pneumonia complicated by lung cancer.


title: Independence County, Arkansas

paragraphs: Independence County is a county of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 36,647. The county seat is Batesville. It was founded on 20 October 1820.


title: Carroll County, Kentucky

paragraphs: Carroll County is a county in Kentucky. Its county seat is Carrollton.


title: Mahfuz Ahmed

paragraphs: Mahfuz Ahmed is a Bangladeshi television actor. He is also a film actor, presenter, model and producer. He was awarded Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Actor for his role in the film "Laal Sobuj".

paragraphs: Ahmed is married to Ishrat Jahan Quader since November 2000. Together they have a daughter, Mourin Aradhya Ahmed.


title: Shuklaphanta National Park

paragraphs: The Shuklaphanta National Park is a protected area in the Terai of the Far-Western Region, Nepal. It covers the area of . The area is covered by open grassland, forests, riverbeds and tropical wetlands. It is at an altitude of . It was established in 1976 as "Royal Shuklaphanta Wildlife Reserve". A small part of the reserve is in the northern side of the East-West Highway. It is there to create a path for seasonal Migration of wildlife into the Sivalik Hills. The Syali River forms the eastern boundary of this national park. The international border with India makes the national park’s southern and western boundary.

paragraphs: The Indian Tiger Reserve Kishanpur Wildlife Sanctuary is in the southern part of this reserve. It is a protected area of . It represents the "Tiger Conservation Unit (TCU) Sukla Phanta-Kishanpur". It covers a block of alluvial grasslands and subtropical moist deciduous forests.

paragraphs: The protected area is part of the Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands ecoregion. It is one of the best-conserved examples of floodplain grassland. It is included in the Terai Arc Landscape.

paragraphs: The area was a hunting ground for Nepal's ruling class. It was declared a Royal Hunting Reserve in 1969. In 1973, the area was changed into "Royal Sukla Phanta Wildlife Reserve". At first it had an area of . The area was made bigger to its present size in the late 1980s. A buffer zone of was added in May 2004. In 2017, the status of the protected area was changed to a national park.

paragraphs: The name "Suklaphanta" comes from one of the grasslands found inside the protected area.

paragraphs: The main grassland called "Sukla Phanta" is the largest patch of continuous grassland in Nepal. It covers an area of about .

paragraphs: The jungles of the Shuklaphanta National Park were once the area of an ancient kingdom. Ruins of that kingdom can still be seen in some places. Near Rani Tal, a lake in the park, a brick girdle is still there. The girdle measures in Circumference. It is considered by locals to be the remains of the fort of Tharu king Singpal.

paragraphs: The climate of the region is subtropical monsoonal. The mean annual rainfall in this area is . The rainfall occurs from June to September and is highest in August. The winter months of December and January are fairly cold. The daytime temperatures during this time of year is . Sometimes frost can also be seen. From February onwards temperatures rise up to in March. The temperature reaches upto by end of April. When the first pre-monsoon rains reach the area in May, humidity increases.

paragraphs: Around 700 species of plants are there in the park. They include 553 vascular plants, 18 pteridophytes, 410 dicots and 125 monocots.

paragraphs: Grassland covers almost half the reserve's vegetation. The main grass species are "Imperata cylindrica" and "Heteropogon contortus". khagra reed ("Phragmites karka") and "Saccharum spontaneum". They grow in the marshes around the seven small lakes. The main forest type is sal. Khair and sissoo grow by the side of rivers. The grassland being covered by trees is a major threat to the long-term existence of the main plants. Trees cover any grasses growing under them, mainly those that need more sunlight. Tree seeds are spread all over the grasslands. They mostly germinate near existing trees. Also, trees help in the growth of shade-loving grasses and prevent the growth of sun-loving species. This process of succession usually converts grassland into woodland over time.

paragraphs: The open grasslands and wetlands covers large area around the lakes. This area is home to different kinds of animals. In the rivers, lakes and ponds 28 fish species and 12 reptile and amphibian species were recorded. recorded. These include mahseer and rohu, mugger crocodile, Indian rock python, monitor lizard, Indian cobra, common krait and Oriental ratsnake.

paragraphs: Current checklists include 46 mammal species. Among them 18 are protected under CITES such as the Bengal tiger, Indian leopard, sloth bear, swamp deer, elephant and hispid hare. Great one-horned rhinoceros were moved from Chitwan National Park.

paragraphs: The gathering of swamp deer in the park's grasslands is the largest in the world. The population of hispid hare may be of international significance. As of 2013, there were 2170 swamp deer in the reserve.

paragraphs: In spring 2016, a rusty-spotted cat was photographed by a camera-trap for the first time in the protected area.

paragraphs: A total of 423 bird species has been recorded. The park supports the highest population of Bengal floricans in Nepal. It is the western limit of swamp francolin, Jerdon's bushchat, rufous-rumped grassbird, chestnut-capped babbler and Jerdon's babbler. For yellow-eyed babbler it is the north-western limit and it is the eastern limit of Finn's weaver. It is also the most important regular wintering site of Hodgson's bushchat. Forest birds include spot-bellied eagle owl, dusky eagle owl, rufous-bellied eagle and Oriental pied hornbill. The forests are also important for great slaty woodpecker and white-naped woodpecker. The white-rumped vulture, slender-billed vulture, lesser adjutant, grey-headed fish eagle, darter and rufous-rumped grassbird are breeding residents. Sarus crane, painted stork and bristled grassbird are summer visitors. Greater racquet-tailed drongo, white-capped water redstart, rusty-tailed flycatcher and rufous-gorgeted flycatcher are winter visitors but they are not common.

paragraphs: During a Survey carried out in January 2005, a total of 19 Hodgson's bushchats were recorded. A year later in 2006 only 8 males were recorded.


title: Pastel

paragraphs: A pastel is an art colour in the form of a stick. It is made of pure powdered pigment and a 'binder' which holds it together. Pastels have been used by artists since the Renaissance.

paragraphs: The pigments used in pastels are the same as those used to produce all kinds of coloured art. The effect of pastels is closer to the natural dry pigments than that of any other process. Chalk may be added to the pastel to tone down the more vivd colours.

paragraphs: An artwork made using pastels is called a pastel, pastel drawing or pastel painting. As an adjective the word 'pastel' means pale in colour.


title: Holmes Osborne

paragraphs: Holmes Osborne (born November 7, 1947) is an American actor, best known for starring in Richard Kelly's movies "Donnie Darko" (2001), "Southland Tales" (2007), and "The Box" (2009). He has also starred in "That Thing You Do!" (1996), "Affliction" (1997), "Bring It On" (2000), "Cheaper by the Dozen" (2003), and "Larry Crowne" (2011).

paragraphs: In 1996, Osborne played the father of Tom Everett Scott's character in the musical comedy-drama movie "That Thing You Do!". In 1999, he guest starred, along with Lance Henriksen (reprising his role as Frank Black), in an episode of "The X-Files" as a necromancer for the Millennium Group. In 2000, he starred as Kirsten Dunst's father in the teen comedy "Bring It On".

paragraphs: Osborne then starred as Eddie Darko, the main character's father, in the science fiction drama movie "Donnie Darko" (2001). He then appeared in the family comedy "Cheaper by the Dozen" (2003). The following year, he co-starred in the comedy movie "". In 2006, Osborne starred as the main villain in the Disney movie "Air Buddies". In 2007, he reunited with "Donnie Darko" director Richard Kelly on the dramedy thriller movie "Southland Tales", and again in 2009 on the psychological thriller movie "The Box". Also in 2009, he co-starred in the comedy movie "All About Steve".

paragraphs: In 2011, he has a supporting role in the Tom Hanks movie "Larry Crowne". He has made appearances on television series such as "House M. D.", "Cold Case", "", "Rules of Engagement", "Dharma & Greg", and had a recurring role on the ABC science fiction series "Invasion".


title: Solicitor general

paragraphs: A solicitor general is a specific job in common law places. Solicitors general in different countries may have different jobs or powers. Usually, the solicitor general is the government's lawyer.

paragraphs: In the United States, the solicitor general is the government's lawyer in Supreme Court cases. Congress created the job in the 1870s. About two thirds of the cases in the Supreme Court involve the government. The solicitor general does not always argue them personally. He or she can send an assistant or other government lawyer to do it. When the government loses a case in the lower court, the solicitor general decides whether or not to appeal it and make it a Supreme Court case.

paragraphs: In Australia, the solicitor general also acts as the government's lawyer and represents the country in international cases.


title: Thousand Oaks shooting

paragraphs: A mass shooting took place on November 7, 2018, in Thousand Oaks, California, at the Borderline Bar and Grill, a country-western dance club. Many college students would go to the bar. Thirteen people were killed, including a police officer and the shooter, while twenty-five were injured.

paragraphs: The attacker, identified as 28-year-old Ian David Long, was found dead inside the bar, having shot himself dead.


title: Francis Lai

paragraphs: Francis Albert Lai (; 26 April 19327 November 2018) was a French composer, who worked mainly in movie scores. He was born in Nice, Alpes-Maritimes. He was known for his works in "A Man and a Woman", "Rider on the Rain" and "Love Story". For his work in "Love Story", Lai won the Academy Award for Best Original Score in 1971.

paragraphs: Lai died on 7 November 2018 in Paris at the age of 86.


title: 2018 New Caledonian independence referendum

paragraphs: An independence referendum was held in New Caledonia on 4 November 2018. Voters were given the choice of remaining part of France or becoming an independent country.

paragraphs: Announced in the evening of polling day, the result was 56.4% for against leaving and 43.6% for independence. The turnout was 80% of the 174,995 voters eligible to vote in this referendum.

paragraphs: A second one was held in 2020, with 53.26% of voters choosing against Independence.


title: Toby Sheldon

paragraphs: Tobias "Toby" Sheldon (born Tobias Strebel; October 3, 1980 – August 21, 2015) was a German songwriter who became a television reality star noted for having paid considerable amounts for plastic surgery (he himself estimated the total cost at over $100,000) in order to resemble singer Justin Bieber. He appeared on the television shows "Botched" on the E! network and "My Strange Addiction" on TLC. Some experts argued that Sheldon's obsession was a case of body dysmorphia. This topic was discussed in depth during his appearance alongside Justin Jedlica ("The Human Ken Doll") on the talk show "Bethenny".

paragraphs: On August 21, 2015 Sheldon was found dead in a room at a Motel 6 in the San Fernando Valley. Drugs were reportedly discovered at the scene. Sheldon was 34. He had last been seen in West Hollywood on August 18, 2015 and some reports have indicated that his disappearance may have been triggered by a break-up with his boyfriend. In July 2016, a coroner confirmed his death was triggered from multiple drug intoxication.


title: Ted Budd

paragraphs: Theodore Paul Budd (born October 21, 1971) is an American businessman and politician from the state of North Carolina.


title: Wallace Triplett

paragraphs: Wallace Triplett (April 18, 1926 – November 8, 2018) was a professional American football player. He was born in La Mott, Pennsylvania. Triplett was the first African-American to be drafted by and play for a National Football League team.

paragraphs: For that reason, his portrait hangs in the Pro Football Hall of Fame in Canton, Ohio. He played for Detroit Lions and the Chicago Cardinals.

paragraphs: Triplett died on November 8, 2018 at the age of 92.


title: Beverly LaHaye

paragraphs: Beverly LaHaye (born April 30, 1929) is an American Christian conservative activist and author. She was born in Detroit, Michigan. LaHaye founded Concerned Women for America (CWA) in San Diego, California in 1979 and is the organization's current chair.

paragraphs: She was the wife of Tim LaHaye, the late evangelical Christian minister and prolific author of the "Left Behind" series.


title: Gamma Tauri

paragraphs: Gamma Tauri is a multiple star system located in the constellation Taurus. It is also called Prima Hyadum. Gamma Tauri A is a yellow giant star. Gamma Tauri A is 13.4 times larger than the Sun.


title: Lega Nord

paragraphs: The Lega Nord (English: "Northern League") is an Italian political party. It's leader is Matteo Salvini.

paragraphs: After the 2018 elections, Lega Nord formed a coalition with the Five Star Movement.

paragraphs: Since 2014, the party has been a member of the Right-wing to far-right Movement for a Europe of Nations and Freedom group in the European Parliament.


title: P Cygni

paragraphs: P Cygni is a blue supergiant star located in the constellation Cygnus. It is 76 times larger than the Sun and 30 times more massive. P Cygni is a luminous blue variable (or LBV for short) star, maybe even the first one discovered.


Northern League


title: Assiniboine River

paragraphs: The Assiniboine River is a river in Manitoba, Canada. It meets the Red River of the North at Winnipeg. It starts in the United States and drains into Lake Winnipeg.


title: Confederation Bridge

paragraphs: The Confederation Bridge is a 2-lane bridge in Canada that connects the provinces of New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island. It is part of the Trans Canada Highway and is 12.9 kilometers long.

paragraphs: The Confederation Bridge was constructed from October 1993 to May 1997 and cost $1.3 billion. The bridge was officially opened on May 31, 1997.

paragraphs: As of January 1, 2020, the tolls for motorcyles is $19.25, $48.50 for two-axle automobile vehicles, $4.50 for pedestrians, $9 for cyclist. Pedestrians and cyclist that cross the bridge are required to board a shuttle.


title: Fidesz

paragraphs: Fidesz – Hungarian Civic Alliance (Hungarian: "Fidesz – Magyar Polgári Szövetség"; often shortened to Fidesz) is a nationalist political party in Hungary.

paragraphs: Fidesz is in an alliance with the Christian Democratic People's Party (KDNP). The KDNP is often called a satellite party (meaning that it is strongly influenced by another party) of Fidesz.

paragraphs: Viktor Orbán has led the party continuously since 2003.

paragraphs: Fidesz has been the most popular party in Hungary since the 2010 elections.


title: Sheree North

paragraphs: Sheree North (originally Dawn Shirley Crang; January 17, 1930s − November 4, 2005) was an American actress, dancer and singer. She was one of 20th Century Fox's intended people to succeed the late Marilyn Monroe.

paragraphs: North played a chorus girl in "Here Come the Girls" (1953). Next, she acted in the musical "Hazel Flagg". She won a Theater World Award for her acting in the Broadway musical.

paragraphs: From 1954 to 1958, North acted in movies made and distributed by Fox. After 1958 her career stalled.

paragraphs: In her later years, North acted in the 1959 television series "The Untouchables", "Gunsmoke" and "The Fugitive" (a 1960s TV series).

paragraphs: North was born in Los Angeles, California. She died of complications from cancer surgery.

paragraphs: Some sources say North was born in 1932. Others say she was born in 1933.


title: Balikbayan box

paragraphs: Most of the time the box is sent to its destination by people who work as "freight forwarders" who know a lot about shipping balikbayan boxes by sea, the boxes can be brought by Filipinos returning to the Philippines on air flights.

paragraphs: The balikbayan box was invented sometime in the 1980s, in the United States because there were a lot of overseas Filipino workers in the country. The first freight forwarder to give balikbayan box services was Rico Nunga who founded REN International in Los Angeles, California in 1981.

paragraphs: In 1982, Ramon Ungco, a Filipino living in New York City, founded Port Jersey Shipping International. Many people think these two companies are the “pioneers” of door-to-door delivery of balikbayan boxes, which back then they had to pay import duties when the boxes got into the Philippines.

paragraphs: The now-changed Section 105 of the Tariff and Customs Code of the Philippines gives duty- and tax-free privileges to balikbayan boxes taken to the Philippines by overseas Filipino workers (OFWs) in recognition of the large impact of their contribution and sacrifices outside of the Philippines as well as bringing a lot of foreign exchange annually that helped the national recovery effort at that time.

paragraphs: This let tax-free entry of personal goods in the country from Filipinos overseas. People then started sending balikbayan boxes through friends and their co-workers who were going back to the Philippines.

paragraphs: After the September 11 attacks in the US and the passage of the Patriot Act by the US Congress, the United States Department of Homeland Security's Out-Bound Exam Team started searching balikbayan boxes.

paragraphs: It was so long and strict, the boxes arrived up to three weeks late at the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement inspection facility.

paragraphs: This made it take longer to get a box through, from 21 days to 30 plus days. The inspections also had balikbayan boxes opened, and people were angry about pilferage and mishandling. The Philippines Bureau of Customs also did 100% inspections which caused the deliveries to arrive really late.

paragraphs: The inspections had to happen because of some individuals who use balikbayan boxes to get commercial items through without paying taxes or smuggle contraband. Since balikbayan box shipping is consolidated, even one illegal item will affect all 400 or so items inside the container. The inspection was made better using high performance X-ray machines.

paragraphs: In 2012, these delays were made even worse since the City Of Manila decided to stop trucks from driving along the route to and from the Port of Manila, causing long delays in releasing and transporting not only balikbayan boxes but all cargoes, domestic and international.

paragraphs: Most balikbayan box companies, which are based in Parañaque City close to the airport, couldn’t operate because of the truck ban until it was settled.

paragraphs: To protect consumers, the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), using its Philippine Shipper's Bureau, does regular accreditation of international freight forwarders and tells consumers not to use the services of unaccredited and incredibly cheap shipping companies.

paragraphs: Balikbayan boxes may have things the sender thinks the recipient wants, regardless of whether the things can be bought in the Philippines, such as non-perishable food, toiletries, household items, electronics, toys, designer clothing, or things hard to find in the Philippines for cheap prices. A balikbayan box meant for airplanes is designed to follow to airline luggage restrictions and many Filipino stores sell them. Some boxes are sold with a cloth cover and side handles. Others are secured with lots of tape or rope, and so, the shippers don’t confuse it with an ordinary moving box that is lightly wrapped. The balikbayan boxes come in three standard sizes which are:

paragraphs: Shipped boxes are taken straight away to the recipient, usually the family of the overseas Filipino.

paragraphs: Part of the attraction of the balikbayan box is because it is important to the economy, which allows cheaper bulk shipment of items versus sending them one at a time or in smaller boxes through postal services. The bad thing though is it takes longer to reach it’s destination by container ship, which most of the time needs several weeks, along with there being no certain delivery date. The balikbayan box is a modern version of the general Philippine practice of "pasalubong", where travellers within or outside the country are culturally expected to bring home gifts to family, friends and colleagues. The balikbayan box gives connections between family inside the Philippines and those who are abroad, and give goods to the family within the Philippines.


title: Asia Bibi blasphemy case

paragraphs: Asia Bibi blasphemy case involves the conviction of a Pakistani Christian woman, Asia Noreen , for blasphemy by a Pakistani court. She was sentenced to death in 2010. However, she was acquitted by the Supreme Court in 2018.

paragraphs: In June 2009, while harvesting berries from a field, Asia was seen drinking water from a communal cup by some village women of that area. It was considered offensive by the women due to her religion, and the cup was labelled "contaminated". This resulted in an argument between them, and the women accused her of blasphemy.

paragraphs: In 2010, a judge in Sheikhupura sentenced Asia to death, which was upheld by the Lahore High Court. Petitions were sent for her release, including one sent by Pope Francis.

paragraphs: Noreen's husband appealed to the high court. Salman Taseer, the Governor of Punjab, supported Noreen throughout and requested President Asif Ali Zardari to pardon her.

paragraphs: Due to this support, Taseer was killed by his guard Mumtaz Qadri.

paragraphs: Several appeals were made during this period and the High Court upheld the decision. In October 2014, Lahore High Court rejected her appeal.

paragraphs: In November 2014, her lawyer appealed to the Supreme Court.

paragraphs: On 31 October 2018, the Supreme Court panel chaired by Justice Saqib Nisar, acquitted Asia Bibi. Although the majority supported the decision, it resulted in protests by the Islamic parties, mainly Tehreek-e-Labaik.


title: Geographical renaming

paragraphs: Geographical renaming is when a place's name gets changed.

paragraphs: There can be several reasons for geographical renaming.

paragraphs: One such reason is countries joining together to form a new country. For example, after the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland joined together in 1701, they formed the United Kingdom. When Ireland joined in 1801, the unified country became the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

paragraphs: A second reason is a country splitting apart to form new ones. For example, after Czechoslovakia split in 1992, it became two new countries, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Also, after Ireland gained independence from Britain, the region of Northern Ireland stayed in the UK. Therefore, the country's name changed from United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland to what it is today, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

paragraphs: A third reason could be a new government replacing or overthrowing the old one. After the Communist Party took overthrew the Russian Empire's emperor, the Tsar, and changed the country's name to the Soviet Union, the city of Saint Petersburg also changed to Leningrad. This was because the Communist Party wanted to honor its leader, Vladimir Lenin, and symbolize the Soviet Union's turning away from Russia's system of absolute monarchy, the Tsardom, that ruled before they did, since Saint Petersburg was named after Peter the Great, who was the Tsar that founded the city. When the city of New Amsterdam, founded by Dutch colonists in North America, was lost to the British Empire, it was renamed New York City after the Duke of York.

paragraphs: A fourth reason could be changing a place's name to replace a name given by former colonizers with the name given by native people, and many more. For example, after India gained independence from Britain, they changed the name of the city Bombay to Mumbai.

paragraphs: A fifth reason could be the change of standard spelling rules in the local language. When Pinyin was made the official romanization, or writing Mandarin Chinese using the Roman alphabet, in mainland China after the Chinese Communist Party took over, the spellings of many Chinese place names changed, including Peking becoming Beijing and Nanking becoming Nanjing. Even though the pronunciations of Chinese place names in Mandarin Chinese were not any different before the changing of spelling, the older spellings did not accurately show their pronunciation. Therefore, the pronunciation of Chinese place names in other languages, or their exonyms, were based on their spelling rather than the Mandarin pronunciation, which is why they sound so different from each other. In order to teach people how to correctly pronounce Mandarin Chinese, the CCP made Hanyu Pinyin the only accepted romanization in mainland China. Even though Taiwan also speaks Mandarin, the spellings of Taiwanese place names, including Taipei and Kaohsiung, is according to the older spelling rules for Chinese place names. This is because many Taiwanese do not want to use Hanyu Pinyin, even though it is the standard romanization of Mandarin Chinese worldwide, because it was created by the Communist Party of China.


title: FIFA 17

paragraphs: FIFA 17 is an soccer game made by EA Sports.


title: Izard County, Arkansas

paragraphs: Izard County is a county of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 13,696. The county seat is Melbourne. It was founded on October 27, 1825.


title: DeWitt, Arkansas

paragraphs: DeWitt is a city in the US state of Arkansas. It is one of two county seats for Arkansas County.


title: Jackson County, Arkansas

paragraphs: Jackson County is a county of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 17,997. The county seat is Newport. It was founded on November 5, 1829.


title: Perry County

paragraphs: Perry County is the name of ten counties in the United States:


title: Perry County, Arkansas

paragraphs: Perry County is a county of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 10,445. The county seat is Perryville. Perry County was founded on December 18, 1840, and named for Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry, naval hero in the War of 1812.


title: Lake City, Arkansas

paragraphs: Lake City is a city in the US state of Arkansas.


title: Ferrero

paragraphs: Ferrero is a Italian food company that produces chocolate and confectionery. It was founded in 1946 in Alba, Piedmont, Italy, by Pietro Ferrero.

paragraphs: Nutella is the brand name of chocolate-hazelnut spread.


title: Cash, Arkansas

paragraphs: Cash is a city in the US state of Arkansas.


title: Lizard, Cornwall

paragraphs: Lizard (often confused with the peninsula "The Lizard") is a village on the Lizard peninsula in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is about south of Helston, and is mainland Britain's most southerly settlement. Lizard is a tourist centre and its large village green is surrounded by cafes and gift shops.

paragraphs: The name comes from the Cornish "Lis" for 'place' and "Ard" for 'high'. The village is in the civil parish of Landewednack, the most southerly parish on the British mainland.


title: CKY

paragraphs: CKY (also known as Camp Kill Yourself) is an American band formed in 1998. In 2002, they were signed to The Island Def Jam Music Group and released Infiltrate•Destroy•Rebuild, which entered the Billboard 200 at number 99.


title: John Hodge (engineer)

paragraphs: John Dennis Hodge (born 1929) is a British-born aerospace engineer. He worked for the CF-105 Avro Arrow jet interceptor project in Canada.

paragraphs: In 1959, he became a member of NASA's Space Task Group, which later became the Johnson Space Center. During his NASA career, he worked as a flight director and planner.

paragraphs: When he returned to NASA in the 1980s, he worked as a manager on the Space Station Freedom project, which later became the International Space Station. He also was an administrator at the United States Department of Transportation.


title: Crystal Reed

paragraphs: Crystal Marie Reed (born February 6, 1985) is an American actress, best known for playing Allison Argent on the "Teen Wolf" television series.


title: Roseville, Michigan

paragraphs: Roseville is a city in Macomb County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is a part of the Metro Detroit area. The population was 47,299 at the 2010 census.


title: Thomasville, Georgia

paragraphs: Thomasville is the county seat of Thomas County, Georgia, United States. The city is the second largest in southwest Georgia after Albany. The population was 19,340 at the 2013 United States Census.


title: Matthew Whitaker

paragraphs: Matthew George Whitaker (born October 29, 1969) is an American lawyer and politician. He was the Acting United States Attorney General from November 7, 2018 until February 14, 2019. He was appointed by President Donald Trump after Jeff Sessions resigned at Trump's request.

paragraphs: Whitaker was a U.S. Attorney during the Bush Administration and was Chief of Staff to Sessions from September 2017 to November 2018.


title: Erin Richards

paragraphs: Erin Richards (born 17 May 1986) is a Welsh actress. She was born in Penarth, Vale of Glamorgan, Wales. She is best known for playing Molly Hughes in the television series "Breaking In" and Barbara Kean in the television series "Gotham".


title: Zabryna Guevara

paragraphs: Zabryna Guevara (born January 12, 1972) is an American television and theater actress. She is known for playing the role of Melania Ortiz in "3 lbs" and Sarah Essen in "Gotham". She is also known for her stage role as Yazmin in "Water by the Spoonful", an award-winning play by Quiara Alegría Hudes, at the Second Stage Theater in New York City.


title: Victoria Cartagena

paragraphs: Victoria Luz Cartagena is an American actress. She was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Cartagena is known for her role as Zoe Lopez in "The Bedford Diaries" and as Renee Montoya in "Gotham".


title: Tetsugen Bernard Glassman

paragraphs: Bernard "Bernie" Glassman (January 18, 1939 – November 4, 2018) was an American Zen Buddhist roshi. He was born in Brooklyn, New York. Glassman was the founder of the Zen Peacemakers. In 1996, he co-founded the Zen Peacemaker Order with his wife Sandra Jishu Holmes.

paragraphs: Glassman was a Dharma successor of the late Taizan Maezumi-roshi, and gave inka and Dharma transmission to several people. Glassman was known as a leading figure of social enterprise, socially engaged Buddhism and "Bearing Witness Retreats" at Auschwitz and on the streets.

paragraphs: Glassman died on November 4, 2018 from complications of a stroke in Springfield, Massachusetts at the age of 79.


title: Chinese place names

paragraphs: Chinese place names are the names of places in China. Since the Chinese language has not had any sort of phonetic alphabet until only about a few hundred years ago (compared to the thousands of years the Chinese characters have been used), there has been a lot of confusion on naming places in Chinese. Since Chinese characters are a logographic writing system, meaning that the writing mainly shows the words' meaning rather than its pronunciation, it can be used to write down words in many different languages. On top of all this, the Chinese language is not one unified language, but an entire branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family. Many of the Chinese languages or dialects are mutually unintelligible, which means a speaker of one language or dialect cannot understand a speaker of another unless one of them already knew the other's language or dialect. For example, Mandarin and Cantonese are both dialects of Chinese, but they are so different from each other than their speakers cannot understand the other unless at least one speaker knew both. Therefore, knowing which spoken dialect to use when writing out the name in the Roman alphabet, which is a phonetic writing system and not a logographic one, can be challenging. For example, while the name of the city is written as 北京 in Chinese, it is called "Běijīng" in Mandarin and "Bak1 Ging1" in Cantonese.

paragraphs: In mainland China, most place names are in Mandarin Chinese, the country's official spoken language. Even though the sounds of Mandarin Chinese have not changed for a long time, there were many different ways to write Chinese place names in Mandarin using the Roman alphabet, or many different kinds of romanizations. This created a lot of confusion and misinformation for non-Chinese speakers on what to call Chinese place names. For example, Beijing was spelled Peking, Nanjing was called Nanking, Tianjin was spelled Tiantsin, and Qingdao was spelled Tsingtao. These many spelling systems caused confusion among non-Chinese speakers and therefore whatever name speakers of other languages called place names ended up sounding very different from Mandarin Chinese. In order to teach people how to correctly pronounce Mandarin Chinese, to mainland Chinese and non-Chinese alike, the Chinese Communist Party made Hanyu Pinyin the only accepted romanization in official use and banned all other romanizations in official use in mainland China. Peking became Beijing, Nanking became Nanjing, Tiantsin became Tianjin, and Tsingtao became Qingdao. While the pronunciation of these place names stayed the same in Mandarin, it allowed non-Chinese speakers, especially English speakers, to say Chinese place names much more accurately to their Mandarin pronunciations.

paragraphs: However, in the autonomous regions, places in China where certain minority groups make up a large part of the region's population, many place names changed back from Chinese to the local languages in order to represent the local languages. For example, the city of Dihua (迪化) was changed back to Urumqi, which is the name of the city in the local Uyghur language, after the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region was formed.

paragraphs: In Taiwan, where Mandarin Chinese is also the official language, the spelling of place names tends to be inconsistent. The names of Taiwanese cities are usually in Chinese postal romanization. This is why the cities are spelled Taipei, Kaohsiung, and Taichung instead of Taibei, Gaoxiong, and Taizhong, which is how they would be spelled in Hanyu Pinyin. This is the case because many Taiwanese dislike using Hanyu Pinyin (even though it is the standard romanization of Mandarin Chinese worldwide) because it was created by the Chinese Communist Party, which many Taiwanese do not like. While within northern Taiwanese cities most names of streets, districts, and subway stops are in Hanyu Pinyin (since Hanyu Pinyin is generally more accepted in the north), cities in southern Taiwan use many different spelling systems simply to resist using Hanyu Pinyin. In several cases, the exact same street can be spelled several different ways. For example, in Banqiao, Xinzhan Road (新站路) is spelled "Shinjann Rd." on one section and "Sin Jhan Rd." on another.


title: François N. Macerola

paragraphs: François N. Macerola (January 31, 1942 – November 8, 2018) was a Canadian lawyer and movie executive. He was born in Montreal, Quebec. Macerola worked for the National Film Board of Canada and Telefilm Canada. His career began in 1976.

paragraphs: Macerola dealt with the controversy surrounding the 1982 docudrama "The Kid Who Couldn't Miss", about the life of fighter pilot Billy Bishop because the movie poorly depicted his life with accuracy.

paragraphs: Macerola died on the morning of November 8, 2018 in Montreal at the age of 76.


title: Irene Cara

paragraphs: Irene Cara Escalara (born March 18, 1959) is an American singer-songwriter, actress and dancer. She co-wrote the song "Flashdance... What a Feeling" from the movie "Flashdance". She won the Academy Award for Best Original Song for the song. For that same song, she also won a Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance.

paragraphs: Cara played Coco Hernandez in the 1980 movie "Fame". Before that, she played Sparkle Williams in the 1976 musical-drama movie "Sparkle".

paragraphs: In 1982 Cara earned an Image Award for Best Actress when she co-starred in NBC's Movie of the Week, "Sister, Sister".

paragraphs: Cara was born in The Bronx, New York City, New York.


title: Richard Paul Conaboy

paragraphs: Richard Paul Conaboy (June 12, 1925 – November 9, 2018) was an American judge. He was a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania from 1979 to 1992. He was appointed by President Jimmy Carter. From 1989 to 1992, he was Chief Judge of the court. He was born in Scranton, Pennsylvania.

paragraphs: Conaboy died on November 9, 2018 at a hospital in Scranton from a heart attack at the age of 93.


title: Manuel Real

paragraphs: Manuel Lawrence Real (January 27, 1924 – June 26, 2019) was a Senior United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Central District of California. He was appointed in 1966 by President Lyndon B. Johnson. He was the last remaining federal judge in active service appointed by Johnson.

paragraphs: He was the longest-serving active federal judge until his retirement in 2018.

paragraphs: Real died on June 26, 2019 in Los Angeles, California at the age of 95.


title: Jack B. Weinstein

paragraphs: Jack Bertrand Weinstein (born August 10, 1921) is an American Senior District Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York. He was on the court from 1967 to 1993 after being appointed by President Lyndon B. Johnson. From 1980 to 1988, he was Chief Judge. Weinstein was born in Wichita, Kansas.


title: Alfred Goodwin

paragraphs: Alfred Theodore Goodwin (born June 29, 1923) is an American judge. He is the Senior Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. He was a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Oregon. Goodwin was born in Bellingham, Washington. Goodwin was in the Ninth Circuit from 1971 to 1991 after being nominated by President Richard Nixon.


title: William Joseph Nealon Jr.

paragraphs: William Joseph Nealon Jr. (July 31, 1923 – August 30, 2018) was an American jurist. He was born in Scranton, Pennsylvania.

paragraphs: Nealon Jr. was United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania. He was the last judicial appointee from the Kennedy administration. He was on the court from 1962 to 1989.

paragraphs: Nealon Jr. was the longest-serving current federal judge at his death. On August 28, 2018, he became the longest serving federal district judge in history, two days before his death.

paragraphs: Nealon Jr. died in Scranton on August 30, 2018 from pneumonia at the age of 95.


title: Dana G. Mead

paragraphs: Dana George Mead (February 22, 1936 – October 31, 2018) was an American businessman and corporate director. He was born in Cresco, Iowa. Mead was chairman emeritus of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Foundation's board of trustees, where he was chairman from 2003 through 2010.

paragraphs: Mead died in Boston, Massachusetts on October 31, 2018 at the age of 82.


title: Phyllis George

paragraphs: Phyllis Ann George (June 25, 1949 – May 14, 2020) was an American businesswoman, former sportscaster and former Miss America. She was Miss America 1971. From 1979 to 1983 she was the First Lady of the U.S. state of Kentucky.

paragraphs: In August 1971, George traveled to Vietnam with several other contestants from the Miss America 1971 pageant. George and the other contestants participated in a 22-day United Service Organizations tour for American troops there.

paragraphs: In 1985, CBS chose George to be the permanent presenter for its morning news program, "CBS Morning News". She interviewed a number of news makers, including then-First Lady Nancy Reagan.

paragraphs: In 2003, George created the company Phyllis George Beauty. The company markets a line of cosmetics and skincare products through the television network the Home Shopping Network. She appeared in the comedy movie "Meet the Fockers".

paragraphs: George was born in Denton, Texas. She died of problems caused by a blood cancer in Lexington, Kentucky on May 14, 2020 at the age of 70.


title: Jameed

paragraphs: Jameed (, literally "hardened") is a form of dried yoghurt made made from goat's milk or sheep's milk. It is made by draining thick yoghurt of its whey, shaping it into balls, and letting it harden. Drying prevents spoilage.

paragraphs: Jameed is eaten in Jordan, especially in Bedouin cooking. It is also common among the Bedouin in Israel , Egypt, and even Syria. It is also customary to add to a sauces or soups.


title: Jefferson County, Arkansas

paragraphs: Jefferson County is a county in the Arkansas Delta of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 77,435. Its county seat and largest city is Pine Bluff. Jefferson County was founded on November 2, 1829, and named for Thomas Jefferson, third President of the United States (1801–1809).


title: DeValls Bluff, Arkansas

paragraphs: DeValls Bluff is a city in the US state of Arkansas.


title: Little River County, Arkansas

paragraphs: Little River County is a county located on the southwest border of the U.S. state of Arkansas, bordering a corner with Texas and Oklahoma. As of the 2010 census, the population was 13,171. The county seat is Ashdown. The county was founded on March 5, 1867, and named for the Little River.


title: Lewisville, Arkansas

paragraphs: Lewisville is a city in the US state of Arkansas.


title: Johnson County, Arkansas

paragraphs: Johnson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 25,540. The county seat is Clarksville. Johnson County was founded on November 16, 1833 and named for Benjamin Johnson, a Territorial Judge.


title: Lamar, Arkansas

paragraphs: Lamar is a city in the US state of Arkansas.


title: Lafayette County, Arkansas

paragraphs: Lafayette County is a county of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 7,645, The county seat is Lewisville. It was founded on October 15, 1827.


title: Jasper, Arkansas

paragraphs: Jasper is a city in the US state of Arkansas.


title: Mount Ida, Arkansas

paragraphs: Mount Ida is a city in the US state of Arkansas.


title: Logan County, Arkansas

paragraphs: Logan County (formerly Sarber County) is a county of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 22,353. The county seats are Booneville and Paris. It was founded on March 22, 1871.


title: Huntsville, Arkansas

paragraphs: Huntsville is a city in the US state of Arkansas.


title: Harrisburg, Arkansas

paragraphs: Harrisburg is a city in the US state of Arkansas.


title: Lawrence County, Arkansas

paragraphs: Lawrence County is a county of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 17,415. The county seat is Walnut Ridge. It was founded on January 15, 1815.


title: Alpha Crucis

paragraphs: Alpha Crucis, also known as Acrux, is a star system in the Crux constellation. All stars are blue and hot. The stars are called Alpha Crucis A, Alpha Crucis B, and HR 4729. Alpha Crucis A is 25,000 times brighter than the Sun. Alpha Crucis B is 16,000 times brighter than the Sun.


title: HR 4729

paragraphs: HR 4729 is a hot blue star located in the Crux constellation. Many think it might be orbiting Alpha Crucis. The star is 5.5 times more big than the Sun.


Planet Nine


title: Hudson's Bay Company

paragraphs: The Hudson's Bay Company (HBC; ) is a Canadian retail business group. A fur trading business for much of its existence, HBC now owns and operates retail stores in Canada, the United States and parts of Europe, including Belgium, the Netherlands and Germany.


title: Microsoft Plus!

paragraphs: Microsoft Plus! is a discontinued commercial operating system improvement product by Microsoft. The last edition is the Plus! SuperPack, which includes a variety of screensavers, themes, and games, as well as multimedia applications. The Microsoft Plus! product was first announced on January 31, 1994 under the internal codename "Frosting". The first version was

paragraphs: an upgrade for Windows 95, Windows 95 Plus!

paragraphs: The features that make up Microsoft Plus! were generally developed by Microsoft itself. The Plus! packs also included games and software from third-party companies; for example, in Plus! for Windows XP, the "HyperBowl" game developed by Hyper Entertainment Inc. was included. Plus! features that enhance the base operating system or provide utility are generally included free of charge in the next release of Windows.

paragraphs: Microsoft Plus! was discontinued in favor of Windows Ultimate Extras in Windows Vista.


title: ʻOumuamua

paragraphs: ʻOumuamua () is an object from another star system that visited our solar system. Its official name is 1I/2017 U1.

paragraphs: ʻOumuamua is the first interstellar object that we know has passed through our solar system. Oumuamua was first discovered on 19 October 2017 using the Pan-STARRS1 telescope at the Haleakala Observatory in Hawaii.

paragraphs: Its appearance is long and narrow, and it had a dark red color, similar to objects in the outer Solar System.


title: Chukotka Autonomous Okrug

paragraphs: The Chukotka Autonomous Okrug is the farthest east of all 85 federal subjects of Russia. It is located in the Asian part of Russia. It is grouped and governed as part of the Far Eastern District. The Far Eastern District contains ten other federal subjects too. Chukotka also shares an international sea border with Alaska of the United States.

paragraphs: In ancient times, the present area of Chukotka was joined with North America by a land bridge known as Beringia. It was believed that humans first migrated to the Americas using this route. Later, the area was home to the Chukchi people and other natives. Some of these natives are related to the Inuit. By the 17th century, the Russians first arrive to gain control of the natives. At first, not much attention was given to the remote land of Chukotka. But its natural resources and the ability to use the area to attack land further away was soon discovered. The Russians then made multiple attempts to bring the natives under their control by force. However, these attempts failed. The Russians finally made peace with the Chukchis in 1778. Through the 19th and 20th centuries, other foreign powers also attempted to claim the land and resources in the region. They were instead driven away by the Russians. The Russians were increasingly worried about their presence. During the Soviet Union, the natives were brought under state's control and made to resettle. Multiple gulags were also built in the area. Tin and much later gold was mined from the area after the start of World War II. The tin and gold were used to supply the war efforts. In 1991, at the collapse of the Soviet Union, Chukotka declared its separation to become a subject of Russia. It continues to remain as an autonomous okrug till today.

paragraphs: Chukotka is the eastern most point of Russia and mainland Asia. It is separated from Alaska, United States, by the Bering Strait and the International Date Line. Chukotka is found in the north-eastern part of Siberia. Because of this it has a polar tundra climate, which have long, cold winters, and short, mild summers. There is not a lot of rainfall in the area because of the climate. The ground is mostly frozen as well. The landscape is mostly barren, with limited animals and plants. The area however is rich in minerals. The Wrangel Island found north of Chukotka is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

paragraphs: Chukotka's population has been decreasing since the end of the Soviet Union according to data. About 65% of the population live in cities and towns. Ethnic Chukchis compose of roughly a third of the population. Russians make up about half the population. People of other local ethnicity make up the rest of the population. Most Chukchis either practice Shamanism, which is a belief that worships spirits and nature, or Orthodox Christianity. Russian is taught and used commonly in Chukotka. The Chukchi language usage is decreasing and is used mostly at home. There are currently attempts to make it popular again.

paragraphs: The economy of Chukotka is mostly reliant on mining of minerals, like coal, gold, natural gas and oil. Most of Chukotka's population take jobs under big companies that are involve in mining. The rest of the rural population continue to practice reindeer herding, whale hunting, and fishing. The growing of crops and rearing of animals are mostly not possible because of the climate. Besides that, sea trade via the Northern Sea Route is expected to improve the economy. This sea route is expected to become ready in the future.

paragraphs: The Governor of Chukotka is the leader of the okrug. The Governor is chosen by public vote every five years. The Duma of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, is the okrug's parliament. The Duma members of parliament are chosen similarly by the public every five years. There are now 15 members of parliament. The majority of these lawmakers in the Duma are currently from the United Russia party. The United Russia part is the ruling party of Russia. Roman Abramovich, a former governor of Chukotka, is famous for being the owner of Chelsea Football Club. He has donated more than US$2.5 billion to build schools, hospitals and buildings in Chukotka.

paragraphs: Chukotka does not have railroads or many roads, making travel difficult. Most long-distance travel is by sea or air. The okrug has several airports, such as the Ugolny Airport. However, there are no international flights. Special permits are needed to enter Chukotka because the area is along an international border.


title: Hartman, Arkansas

paragraphs: Hartman is a city in the US state of Arkansas.


title: Lee County, Arkansas

paragraphs: Lee County is a county of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 10,424. The county seat is Marianna. It was founded on April 17, 1873.


title: Luca Santolini

paragraphs: Luca Santolini (born 22 February 1985) is a Sammarinese politician and one of the current Captains Regent, serving with Mirko Tomassoni. He took office on 1 October 2018.


title: Stefano Palmieri

paragraphs: Stefano Palmieri (born 18 September 1964) is a Sammarinese politician, who served as a Captain Regent of San Marino together with Matteo Ciacci since 1 April 2018 until 1 October 2018. He had previously served in the same position for the semester from 1 October 2009 until 1 April 2010, alongside Francesco Mussoni.


title: Coal Hill, Arkansas

paragraphs: Coal Hill is a city in the US state of Arkansas.


title: Cammack Village, Arkansas

paragraphs: Cammack Village is a city in the US state of Arkansas.


title: Hensley, Arkansas

paragraphs: Hensley is a census-designated place (CDP) in the US state of Arkansas.


title: Ratcliff, Arkansas

paragraphs: Ratcliff is a city in the US state of Arkansas.


title: Lincoln County, Arkansas

paragraphs: Lincoln County is a county of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 14,134. The county seat is Star City. Lincoln County was founded on March 28, 1871, and named for Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States.


title: Battle Ground, Indiana

paragraphs: Battle Ground is a town in the state of Indiana, in the United States.


title: Joel Barcellos

paragraphs: Joel Barcellos (November 27, 1936 – November 10, 2018) was a Brazilian actor. He appeared in 53 movies and television shows between 1955 and 1997. He starred in the 1974 movie "", which was entered into the 24th Berlin International Film Festival. He was born in Espírito Santo, Brazil.

paragraphs: Barcellos died on November 10, 2018 in Rio das Ostras, Brazil from a stroke, aged 81.


title: Lonoke County, Arkansas

paragraphs: Lonoke County is a county of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 68,356. The county seat is Lonoke. It was founded on April 16, 1873.


title: Saint-Hippolyte, Haut-Rhin

paragraphs: Saint-Hippolyte is a commune. It is in the Haut-Rhin department of east France.


title: LaGrange, Arkansas

paragraphs: LaGrange is a town in the US state of Arkansas.


title: Post, Texas

paragraphs: Post is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Garza County.


title: Madison County, Arkansas

paragraphs: Madison County is a county of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 15,717. The county seat is Huntsville. The county was founded on September 30, 1836, and named for James Madison, 4th President of the United States (1809–1817).

paragraphs: Madison County is in the Northwest Arkansas region.


title: Denner

paragraphs: Denner is a discount supermarket chain in Switzerland. It is Switzerland's third largest supermarket chain after Migros and Coop.


title: Perrytown, Arkansas

paragraphs: Perrytown is a city in the US state of Arkansas.


title: Thank u, next

paragraphs: "thank u, next" is a song recorded by American singer and actress Ariana Grande, from her fifth studio album of the same name.

paragraphs: The song was released on November 2, 2018. Grande co-wrote the song with Victoria McCants, Tayla Parx, Tommy Brown, Charles Anderson, and Michael Foster, while the last three produced the song. The song was released after Grande broke off her engagement to comedian Pete Davidson, who is known for starring on "Saturday Night Live". Its lyrics speak of some of her exes (such as rappers Big Sean and the late Mac Miller) and why the relationships ended. Grande thanks them for helping her grow as a person throughout the song.

paragraphs: The song topped the Irish and UK Singles Chart and entered the "Billboard" Hot 100 at number one, giving Grande her first US chart-topper. "thank u, next" is the first song by a female to debut at number one in the US since Adele with "Hello" in 2015.


title: Roger Hoy

paragraphs: Roger Ernest Hoy (6 December 1946 – 9 November 2018) was an English professional footballer. He was born in Poplar, London. He played as a defender.

paragraphs: Hoy made a total of 112 appearances in the Football League for Tottenham Hotspur, Crystal Palace, Luton Town and Cardiff City before moving into non-league football with Dagenham.

paragraphs: Hoy died on 9 November 2018 at the age of 71.


title: Raffaele Baldassarre

paragraphs: Raffaele Baldassarre (23 September 1956 – 10 November 2018) was an Italian politician. He was a member of the European Parliament from 2009 to 2014. He was a member of the European People's Party. He was born in Lecce, Italy.

paragraphs: Baldassarre died in a hospital in Rome from a heart attack on 10 November 2018 at the age of 62.


title: Ron Johnson (running back)

paragraphs: Ronald Adolphis Johnson (October 17, 1947 – November 10, 2018) was an American football running back. He was born in Detroit, Michigan. Johnson played college football at the halfback position for the University of Michigan from 1966 to 1968.

paragraphs: Johnson played for the Cleveland Browns in 1969 and for the New York Giants from 1970 to 1975.

paragraphs: Johnson died on November 10, 2018 in Madison, New Jersey from complications of Alzheimer's disease at the age of 71.


title: Madison, New Jersey

paragraphs: Madison is a borough in Morris County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the population was 15,845. It is known as ""The Rose City"" and was named in honor of President James Madison.


title: Citgo

paragraphs: The Citgo Petroleum Corporation (or simply Citgo) is a United States-based refiner, marketer and transporter of transportation fuels, petro-chemicals, lubricants and other industrial products.

paragraphs: Citgo started as the Cities Service Oil Company in 1910. In the 1980s PDVSA, the Venezuelan oil company, bought the company. Before 2006, 7-Eleven convenience stores had a 20-year contract with Citgo. That came to an end in autumn 2006.

paragraphs: The name "Citgo" (stylized as CITGO) was first used during the early-to-mid 1960s.

paragraphs: According to filings with the United States' Federal Election Commission, Citgo gave US$500,000 towards the Presidential inauguration of Donald Trump.

paragraphs: Citgo has its headquarters in the Energy Corridor of Houston, Texas. Before 2004, Citgo was headquartered in Tulsa, Oklahoma.


title: Liz J. Patterson

paragraphs: Elizabeth Johnston Patterson (November 18, 1939 – November 10, 2018) was an American politician. She was born in Columbia, South Carolina. She was a member of the Democratic Party. Patterson was a member of the United States House of Representatives from South Carolina's 4th congressional district.

paragraphs: Patterson died from a long-illness on November 10, 2018 in Greenville, South Carolina at the age of 78.


title: Remember (2015 movie)

paragraphs: Remember is a Canadian-German 2015 drama-thriller movie directed by Atom Egoyan and written by Benjamin August. It stars Christopher Plummer, Bruno Ganz, Jürgen Prochnow, Heinz Lieven, Dean Norris and Martin Landau. The plot follows an elderly Holocaust survivor with dementia who sets out to kill a Nazi war criminal.

paragraphs: It was released on October 23, 2015 in Canada and on December 31, 2015 in Germany. The movie received positive reviews as they liked Plummer's performance.


title: Ananth Kumar

paragraphs: Ananth Kumar (22 July 1959 – 12 November 2018) was an Indian politician. He was a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. From 1996 until his death, he had represented the Bengaluru South constituency in the Lok Sabha. He was born in Bengaluru, Mysore State (now Karnataka).

paragraphs: Kumar was in charge of two key ministries until his death: Union Minister of Chemicals and Fertilizers beginning in May 2014 and as Minister of Parliamentary Affairs beginning in July 2016 in the Narendra Modi government.

paragraphs: Kumar died of lung cancer on 12 November 2018 in Bengaluru at the age of 59.


title: Joe Perry (musician)

paragraphs: Anthony Joseph Perry (born September 10, 1950) is an American guitarist and singer-songwriter. He is known as a member of the American rock band Aerosmith.


title: Joey Kramer

paragraphs: Joseph Michael Kramer (born June 21, 1950) is the American rock drummer, songwriter and businessman. He is known as a member of the hard rock band Aerosmith. He was born in The Bronx, New York.


title: Tom Hamilton

paragraphs: Thomas William Hamilton (born December 31, 1951) is an American songwriter and rock musician. He is best known as the bassist for the hard rock bands Aerosmith and Thin Lizzy. He has regularly co-written songs for Aerosmith, including two of the band's biggest hits: "Sweet Emotion" (1975) and "Janie's Got a Gun" (1989).


title: Brad Whitford

paragraphs: Bradley Ernest Whitford (born February 23, 1952) is an American songwriter and rock musician. He is best known as the rhythm and co-lead guitarist for the hard rock band Aerosmith. He has also worked as a songwriter for the group, such as 1976's "Last Child".