title: Quokka

paragraphs: The quokka, "Setonix brachyurus", is a small marsupial about the size of a large cat. Like other animals in the macropod family, such as kangaroos and wallabies, the quokka eats grass and small plants, and is mainly nocturnal. It lives on some small islands off the coast of Western Australia, mainly on Rottnest Island near Perth, and Bald Island near Albany. A small number live on the main land in the protected area of Two Peoples Bay, which they share with Gilbert's Potoroo. The quokka is the only member of the genus "Setonix".

paragraphs: The quokka weighs between and . It is around long with a tail. This is short for a macropod. It has a solid build, rounded ears, and a short, broad head. It looks like a very small, fat kangaroo, but it can climb small trees and shrubs. It has rough fur which is a brown colour, fading to pale brown underneath. The quokka eats a small amount of its waste products.

paragraphs: The quokka is a social animal and lives in large groups. They eat grass, sedges, succulents and leaves. They can become very sick if fed with things like bread, given to them by visitors to Rottnest Island. Visitors are now told not to feed them. Quokkas breed at any time on the mainland, but in late summer on Rottnest. The female quokka has two babies (called "joeys") in a year.

paragraphs: The quokka moves in the same way as a kangaroo, using both small and large hops.

paragraphs: Quokkas are not scared of people, so you are able to get quite close to them, particularly on Rottnest Island. It is against the law on Rottnest Island to handle or touch the animals in any way. A A$100 fine can be given by the Rottnest Island Authority for picking up a quokka. People can even be taken to court and get a fine of up to $1000. These fines have been used in some unusual cases where quokka have been hurt or killed by visitors to Rottnest.

paragraphs: There are a lot of quokkas living on the small offshore islands, because this is only a small area they are listed as vulnerable. On the mainland, they are attacked by dingoes, as well as introduced animals like foxes, dogs and cats. They also need thick ground cover for shelter. Farming has cleared much of the land which is another reason the species is threatened.

paragraphs: The quokka was one of the first Australian mammals seen by Europens. The Dutch sailor, Samuel Volckertzoon wrote about seeing a "a wild cat" on Rottnest Island in 1658. In 1696, Willem de Vlamingh thought they were rats and named the island "Rottenest", Dutch for "rat nest".

paragraphs: The word "quokka" is comes from a Nyungar word, which was probably "gwaga".


title: Salzburgerland

paragraphs: Salzburgerland or Salzburg (officially "Land Salzburg") is one of the States of Austria. It has and about 546,000 inhabitants (2016). Its capital city is Salzburg.

paragraphs: In the Modern Era Salzburg was an independent state.

paragraphs: Austrian German is the main written language. Austro-Bavarian language is also spoken, especially in the rural areas.

paragraphs: Salzburger Land has six districts, ("Bezirke" or "Gaue"):

paragraphs: Settlements in Salzburgerland with town privileges:


title: A Mathematician's Apology

paragraphs: A Mathematician's Apology is a book about mathematics which was written in 1940.

paragraphs: It was written by a British mathematician called G. H. Hardy (1877—1947). He used the essay to try to justify spending his life working on mathematics. It is said he wrote it for two reasons:


title: White Hart Lane railway station

paragraphs: White Hart Lane station in Tottenham, (London) was originally a station on the Stoke Newington & Edmonton Railway. The station opened on 22 July 1872. It is now operated by London Overground. It is in London Travelcard Zone 3. It is on the Seven Sisters branch of the Lea Valley Lines.

paragraphs: It is close to Tottenham Hotspur football club.


title: Bruce Grove railway station

paragraphs: Bruce Grove railway station in Tottenham was originally a station on the Stoke Newington & Edmonton Railway. It opened on 22 July 1872 .


title: Public transport in Enfield

paragraphs: Public transport in the London Borough of Enfield, which is northeast of the centre of London, is a mix of National Rail, London Underground and London Buses services. The group that is responsible for transport here is Transport for London. The local authority is Enfield London Borough Council.

paragraphs: The following railway stations are in the borough of Enfield.


title: Seven Sisters station

paragraphs: Seven Sisters station is a London Overground and London Underground Victoria Line station in the Seven Sisters area of the London Borough of Haringey, north London. The station is in Travelcard Zone 3.

paragraphs: Seven Sisters lies between Finsbury Park and Tottenham Hale on the Victoria Line and between Stamford Hill and Bruce Grove on the London Overground from Liverpool Street Station. It is a short walk from South Tottenham station on London Overground.

paragraphs: London buses routes 73, 76, 149, 243, 259, 279, 318, 349 and 476 serve the station.


title: Paw

paragraphs: A paw is the soft foot of a mammal that has claws or nails. A hard foot is called a hoof. Paws are used to pad feet for walking and reduce friction.


title: Xenu

paragraphs: Scientology teaches that Xenu (pronounced (ZEE-noo)) was the dictator of a galactic confederacy of 76 planets, who was captured and imprisoned on Earth 75 million years ago after bringing billions of his people to Earth, placing them around volcanoes and killing them by using hydrogen bombs. Scientologists believe he is still being kept there these days. Xenu is very important to the beliefs of Scientology because the story of Xenu explains the believed origin of what are known as body thetans from humans. Body thetans are believed to be the essence of Xenu's people that gather around humans and cause them spiritual harm. It is the purpose of auditing within Scientology to remove these thetans from the Scientologist.

paragraphs: The existence of Xenu has been reported by L. Ron Hubbard's writings and by Scientology spokesman Tommy Davis in an interview ABC affiliate KESQ-TV.


title: Charlotte, Princess Royal

paragraphs: The Princess Charlotte, Princess Royal (Charlotte Augusta Matilda; later Queen Charlotte of Württemberg; 29 September 1766 – 5 October 1828) was the fourth child and oldest daughter of George III of the United Kingdom.She married Frederick of Württemberg on 27 May 1798. Charlotte was the godmother of Victoria of the United Kingdom. She died in 1828.


title: William IX, Count of Poitiers

paragraphs: William IX was the oldest son of Henry II of England. He was heir to the throne from his birth to his death in 1156.


title: Henry the Young King

paragraphs: Henry the Young King (28 February 1155 – near Limoges, France, 11 June 1183) was the junior king to his father Henry II of England. He was crowned king in 1170, but never actually used the power. The meaning of this is that Henry II's territory covered much of northern France as well as England and Ireland. The idea may have been to have an official deputy for legal actions when Henry was in France, and to indicate the succession to the throne. In practice, Young Henry was not interested in government. According to his tutor, William Marshal, he spent his time in France going from one knights' tournament to another.

paragraphs: The boy was married as a child to Marguerite of France (1158–1197), daughter of the French King Louis VII. The intention was political, but it did not work. War came between Henry II and Louis. Henry joined in rebellions directed at his father. A civil war (1173/74) occurred in which Young Henry and his mother, with Scots and French support, fought against Henry II. The king won, just. Young Henry died ten years later, of dysentery. As he died before his father he never achieved power.


title: Marguerite of France

paragraphs: Marguerite of France was the wife of Henry the Young King. They had one son William b/d 1177. She died in 1197.


title: Rod cell

paragraphs: Rod cells are one of two types of photoreceptor cells that can be found in the retina of the eyes of humans and other mammals. Rod cells are very sensitive to light. They allow night vision. They are concentrated at the edge of the retina, where they also allow peripheral vision. Scientists in 1992 counted an average of 60 million rod cells per human retina. They counted only 3 million cone cells, the other kind of receptor, which are bigger and perceive color.


title: Photoreceptor cell

paragraphs: A photoreceptor cell is a specialized nerve cell that is sensitive to certain wavelengths of light.


title: Three Gorges Dam

paragraphs: The Three Gorges Dam () is a dam in the Three Gorges region on the Yangtze River in Sandouping, in the country of China. Being one of the largest dams in the world, it also generates the biggest amount of hydroelectric power (22,250 megawatts), pushing the massive Itaipu Dam in Brazil from first place to second place.

paragraphs: The Three Gorges Dam project was completed on July 4, 2012. The dam was built for flood control, irrigation, and electricity. However, this has not come without problems. The dam covers a lot of historic sites and has caused 1.24 million people to lose their homes under the rising water. The dam forms the Three Gorges Reservoir, which extends nearly upstream to the city of Chongqing.

paragraphs: The dam was proposed by Sun Yat-sen, a Chinese political leader, in 1919. The site was surveyed in 1932 and 1939, by the Chinese and Japanese respectively. The Japanese drew up a plan (the Otani plan) for the dam, only to realize later that China would remain under Chinese control. Later, in 1944, the United States helped make plans for the dam, but all work on the dam stopped in 1947, because of the Chinese Civil War. In 1949, work resumed, but the work was slow because of problems in the economy. Later in 1958, some engineers who were against the dam were put in jail.

paragraphs: In 1980, work on the dam continued faster. The National People's Congress voted in 1992 for the dam. The dam was accepted by the government, and on December 14, 1994, construction began. In 2009, the dam began to make hydroelectricity. Some new plans, such as a set of 6 new power generators under construction, became operational in the year 2011. The reservoir filled to capacity at the end of 2008.

paragraphs: The Three Gorges Dam consists of a main dam wall, and a section on the right with a set of five locks, which are devices used to raise boats and ships.

paragraphs: The dam cost $180 billion Chinese Yuan Renminbi (about $30 billion USD). While this cost seems huge, it actually was $20 billion yuan (about $3.3 billion USD) less than the original budget of $203.9 billion yuan (about $34 billion USD). However, this cost will be recovered when the dam makes money by making electricity. In about 10 years, the complete cost of the dam will be recovered.

paragraphs: One of the big reasons the dam was built to control floods. It protects large cities like Wuhan, Nanjing, and Shanghai, which are very close to the river. Lots of farms, small villages and towns, and factories are also located near the river. In the event of a flood, there are 22 cubic kilometers (18 million acre feet) of space behind the dam to hold back the flood waters. The flood waters are stored behind the dam for future use. In the dry season, the water is released down the river, and the reservoir level drops to prepare for the next flood. However, the dam does not protect the lower river tributaries from flooding.

paragraphs: Another reason the dam was built was for water navigation, or the transport of people and goods by ship. There are two sets of locks each of which has five stages. Each lock is long, wide, and deep, which is similar in size to the original locks of the Panama Canal, one of the biggest canals in the world. The reservoir behind the dam floods dangerous sections of the river, so boats and ships can go safely and easily. There is also a "ship lift" (an elevator for ships) that can lift ships that weigh up to 3,000 tons.

paragraphs: The Three Gorges Dam generates 22,250 megawatts, which makes it the biggest single hydroelectric power source in the world. It has 34 electricity generators, and 32 are main generators. Each generator is powered by water that comes from the reservoir. Each of these 32 generators makes about 700 megawatts of electricity. (This is more electricity than the entire electricity generation of Glen Canyon Dam, one of the biggest dams in the United States.) The other two generators will make power for the dam itself. These two generators each make 50 megawatts.

paragraphs: Of the 32 main generators, 14 generators are on the north side of the dam. 12 are on the south side of the dam. 6 are in a separate powerhouse under a mountain just south of the dam. The generating capacity of the dam is 10,000 MWh (megawatt-hours), or the amount of megawatts generated per hour. Each main generator weighs a massive 6000 tons (about the same weight as three thousand cars). The water drops from the reservoir to the generator, which uses a type of turbine called a "Francis turbine". Each turbine is wide and tall. The amount of water that goes into the turbine can be from 1,968 cubic feet (600 m) to 3,116 cubic feet (950 m) per second. The turbines turn at a speed of 75 RPM (rotations per minute). The efficiency of the generators is from 94 to 96.5 percent.

paragraphs: The 14 main generators on the north side were installed from 2003 to 2005. The first one to begin making electricity (Generator No.2) started on July 10, 2003. The last one (Generator No.9) started on September 7, 2005. The full power (9,800 megawatts) of the north side generators was first tested on October 18, 2006, when the reservoir had risen to above sea level. The 12 main generators on the south side were installed from 2007 to 2008. The first one to begin making electricity (Generator No.22) started on June 11, 2007. The last one (Generator No.23) started on August 19, 2008.

paragraphs: From its completion to March 2009, the Three Gorges Dam has generated about 296,550,000 MWh (Megawatt-hours) of electricity.

paragraphs: Three power lines send electricity away from the dam, to three electricity grids called the East, Central, and South China grids.

paragraphs: The dam provides about 3% of China's electricity. However, the dam was originally planned to supply 10% of China's electricity. The reason for the decrease is, China's energy use grew much faster than the designers expected.

paragraphs: Because of reducing electricity needs on fossil fuels like coal and oil, the Three Gorges Dam has saved 31 million tons of coal per year, and prevented:

paragraphs: The dam has also benefited transportation on the river. Because of the locks (devices used to lift ships) installed on the dam, the benefits are:

paragraphs: In response to the dam, many sewage pipes that once dumped sewage straight into the Yangtze River now have to be treated. Over 65 percent of this waste water is now treated before flowing into the reservoir. There are now about 50 water treatment facilities in the area. Also, solid waste is now collected in 32 landfills. They can handle 7,664.5 tons of waste every day.

paragraphs: The dam also persuaded the government of China to think seriously about the pollution in the Yangtze River and the rest of China.

paragraphs: A total of 1.24 million people had to move to different places because their homes were flooded by the dam. This number is about 1.5% of the total population of Hubei Province (60.3 million) and Chongqing City (31.44 million) where the reservoir is located. 140,000 from Hubei Province alone.

paragraphs: On July 22, 2008, most of the people were safely relocated. 4 million more people will ultimately have to move to Chongqing from their homes near the Three Gorges Dam.

paragraphs: A large amount of animal habitat has also been destroyed. Many animals with critically low populations have lost their vital habitat. These include the endangered Siberian Crane, the Yangtze river dolphin (baiji), and Yangtze sturgeon. About one billion tons of dirty water flow into the Yangtze River each year. The dam has stopped this dirty water from being washed away to Shanghai, and led to serious pollution problems.

paragraphs: About 1,300 historical sites have been flooded by the Three Gorges reservoir. Many of these historic sites have been moved to safer places. Some historic sites cannot be moved because of their location, size, or design.

paragraphs: The Three Gorges Dam will become much less spectacular, because the water level will rise up to in places, reducing the depth of the canyons.

paragraphs: A lot of silt (sediment) that is carried by the river has been trapped in the reservoir. Eventually, if the dam is not removed, the reservoir will fill with silt, making it useless. Also, because the river's silt doesn't go downstream anymore, the city of Shanghai will suffer because there has been no silt to replace land that is washed away at the river's mouth. In a high-silt content river like the Yangtze, sediment can clog the dam's outlets, and it cannot release water. The water would back up behind the dam and have nowhere to go, and would eventually go over the dam, making it collapse.

paragraphs: The dam is also a possible target in war, weakening China's national security. It is also possible that the dam sits on a seismic fault.

paragraphs: The Gezhouba Dam (Gezhouba Water Control Project, Chinese: 长江葛洲坝水利枢纽工程) is an afterbay (smaller dam in front) of the Three Gorges Dam. It forms a pool that extends upstream to the base of the Three Gorges Dam, improving navigation. The dam was built from December 30, 1970 to December 10, 1988. The dam is long and up to tall. It generates 2,710 megawatts of electricity. There are three ship locks at the dam. Lock No.2, which is long, wide, and deep, is among the 100 largest in the world.

paragraphs: A series of other dams are also planned upstream, on the Yangtze and Jinsha rivers. About four dams are planned on the stretch of the Yangtze River, and they will produce 38,500 megawatts in total. Eight dams are planned on the Jinsha River, and eight more upstream of it, and one original plan called for a dam in the Tiger Leaping Gorge, one of the deepest river canyons in the world. This plan was, however, scrapped in December 21, 2007, because of the gorge's status as a World Heritage site.


title: Ericaceae

paragraphs: Ericaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Ericales. Plants of this family grow both in Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere. The common English name of Ericaceae is the "heath family".

paragraphs: Many plants of Ericaceae are shrubs, but there are also trees and herbs.

paragraphs: There are about 120 genera and about 4000 species in this family.

paragraphs: Many plants of Ericaceae are evergreen plants with small flowers in the shape of bells or tube. The color of flowers may be white, pink, red, violet, rarely yellow. It may be interest plants for gardens.

paragraphs: Some plants of Ericaceae have a poison in all their parts.

paragraphs: The genus "Epacris" was treated in a separate family, Epacridaceae, but "Epacris" is now in this family.


title: Alternation of generations

paragraphs: The term alternation of generations is used to describe an alternation of forms in the life cycle of plants and some protists. One form is diploid, with 2"n" chromosomes: the sporophyte. The other form is haploid with only one set of chromosomes: the gametophyte. Both forms are multicellular.

paragraphs: In sexual reproduction, organisms have a haploid phase with one set of chromosomes and a diploid phase with two sets of chromosomes. In animals the body (soma) is usually diploid, while the haploid stage is only the gametes.

paragraphs: In eukaryotes an alternation of generations may occur. This means that both the diploid and the haploid phases are multi-cellular organisms. The classic example is the mosses, where the green plant is a haploid gametophyte, and the reproductive phase is the diploid sporophyte. The two forms often occur "together", as shown in the illustration on the right

paragraphs: The term "alternation of generations" refers only to the sexual cycle: organisms may have asexual reproduction as well. The term should not be confused with life cycle stages in animals, which may "look" very different, but where all cells have two sets of chromosomes.

paragraphs: The alternation of generations is an important concept in the evolution of plants. All land plants have alternation of generations.

paragraphs: In mosses and their relatives (Bryophytes), the haploid gametophyte is the dominant generation, and the diploid sporophytes are sporangium-bearing stalks growing from the gametophytes. In ferns, the diploid sporophyte is much larger, but the haploid gametophyte is also a little plant that can grow for a long time.

paragraphs: For flowering plants ("Angiosperms"), the sporophyte generation is almost the whole life cycle (the green plant, roots etc.) except the small reproductive structures (pollen and ovule).

paragraphs: The sporophyte produces spores (hence the name), by meiosis. These develop into a gametophyte. Both the spores and the resulting gametophyte are haploid, meaning they have half as many chromosomes. Later, the mature gametophyte produces male or female gametes (or both) by mitosis. The fusion of male and female gametes (fertilization) produces a diploid zygote which develops into a new sporophyte. This is the cycle which is known as alternation of generations or alternation of phases.

paragraphs: In the landmark work "Variation and evolution in plants", Stebbins discussed how alternation of generations related to the overall evolution of plants. He began:

paragraphs: The point is that, in diploids, new alleles are sheltered and (collectively) they are a reservoir of potential variation in the population.

paragraphs: Most algae have dominant gametophyte generations, but in some species the gametophytes and sporophytes are morphologically similar (isomorphic).

paragraphs: Bryophytes (mosses, liverworts and hornworts) have a dominant gametophyte stage on which the adult sporophyte is dependent on the gametophyte for nutrition. The sporophyte develops from the zygote inside the female sex organ, so its early development is nurtured by the gametophyte.

paragraphs: An independent sporophyte is the dominant form in all clubmosses, horsetails, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms (flowering plants) that have survived to the present day.

paragraphs: Early land plants had sporophytes that produced identical spores: they looked the same whichever sex they developed into. The ancestors of the gymnosperms evolved complex heterosporous life cycles: the spores producing male and female gametophytes were of different sizes. The female "megaspores" tending to be larger, and fewer in number, than the male "microspores".

paragraphs: During the Devonian, several plant groups independently evolved "heterospory" and later "endospory", in which single megaspores were kept inside the sporangia of the parent sporophyte. These endosporic megaspores had a miniature multicellular female gametophyte with female sex organs and egg cells. The ova were fertilised by free-swimming sperm produced by windborne miniatuarised male gametophytes in the form of pre-pollen.

paragraphs: The resulting zygote developed into the next sporophyte generation while still inside the single large female megaspore in the sporangium of the parent sporophyte. The evolution of heterospory and endospory were among the earliest steps in the evolution of seeds of the kind produced by gymnosperms and angiosperms.

paragraphs: Some Chromalveolata, some fungi and some slime moulds have what seems to be genuine alternation of generations. These groups include such a wide range of different types that lt is difficult to say how common the phenomenon is. Certainly slime moulds are not a monophyletic group, and that may be true of the other two groups,

paragraphs: Alternation of generations between a multicellular diploid and a multicellular haploid generation does not exist in animals.

paragraphs: In some animals, there is a life cycle with different diploid stages. This has sometimes mistakenly been called "alternation of generations", but is quite different from what happens in plants and some protists. The most common case is that there are two distinct generations, where only one has sexual reproduction. Animals where it has been found include the Cnidaria and the Tunicates. The images on the right show the case of jellyfish: The medusa looks different from the polyp; they are different phenotypes. Only the medusa reproduces sexually.

paragraphs: Other animals with life cycle forms include parasites such as certain flukes, which live in different snails for one part of their life, and in vertebrates for another part.

paragraphs: In some cases, the cycle includes more than two generations. If this is the case, only one stage uses sexual reproduction. In aphids, for example, there is one generation that reproduces sexually, and up to forty that use parthenogenesis, a type of asexual reproduction.


title: John of Gaunt

paragraphs: John of Gaunt (John Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Aquitaine, 6 March 1340 – 3 February 1399) was a member of the House of Plantagenet, who ruled England for over 300 years. Gaunt was the third surviving son of Edward III and Philippa of Hainault. He was the father of Henry IV.

paragraphs: Gaunt was a younger brother of Edward, the Black Prince. He had great influence over the English throne during the childhood of his nephew, Richard II, and during the ensuing periods of political strife. He is not thought to have been an opponent of the king.

paragraphs: John of Gaunt's legitimate male heirs, the Lancasters, included Kings Henry IV, Henry V, and Henry VI. His other legitimate children included, by his first wife Blanche, his daughters Philippa of Portugal and Elizabeth, Duchess of Exeter; and by his second wife Constance, his daughter Queen Catherine of Castile.

paragraphs: John fathered five children outside marriage, one early in life by a lady-in-waiting to his mother, and four by Katherine Swynford, Gaunt's long-term mistress and third wife. These were surnamed Beaufort (after a former French possession of the Duke). The Beaufort children, three sons and a daughter, were legitimised by royal and papal decrees after John and Katherine married in 1396. Their half-brother Henry IV added a later proviso that they were barred from inheriting the throne.

paragraphs: Descendants of this marriage included Henry Beaufort, Bishop of Winchester and eventually cardinal; Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmorland, grandmother of Kings Edward IV and Richard III; John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset, the great-grandfather of King Henry VII; and Joan Beaufort, Queen of Scots, from whom are descended, beginning in 1437, all subsequent sovereigns of Scotland, and successively, from 1603 on, the sovereigns of England, of Great Britain and Ireland, and of the United Kingdom to the present day. The three succeeding houses of English sovereigns from 1399 — the Houses of Lancaster, York and Tudor — were descended from John through Henry Bolingbroke, Joan Beaufort and John Beaufort, respectively.

paragraphs: Lancaster's eldest son and heir, Henry Bolingbroke, Duke of Hereford, was exiled for ten years by King Richard II in 1398 as resolution to a dispute between Hereford and Thomas de Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk.

paragraphs: When John of Gaunt died in 1399, his estates and titles were declared forfeit to the crown as King Richard II named Hereford a traitor and commuted his sentence to exile for life. Henry Bolingbroke returned from exile to reclaim his inheritance and depose Richard. Bolingbroke then reigned as King Henry IV of England (1399–1413), the first of the descendants of John of Gaunt to hold the throne of England.

paragraphs: Due to some generous land grants, John was not only one of the richest men in his era, but also one of the wealthiest men to have ever lived. Taking into account inflation rates, John was worth a modern equivalent of $110 billion, making him the sixteenth richest man in history.


title: Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York

paragraphs: Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York (5 June 1341 – 1 August 1402) was a younger son of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault. He was an ancestor of the House of York. He died in 1402.


title: Guinea (British coin)

paragraphs: A guinea is a coin that was minted in the Kingdom of England between 1663 and 1813. It is not used any more. The gold used to mint the first guineas was mined in the region of the same name in Africa.

paragraphs: Although guinea coins had not been made for a long time, prices often continued to be shown in guineas until British prices became decimal in 1971. A guinea was worth £1,1s (one pound and one shilling). This is the same as £1.05 in modern money.

paragraphs: Because a guinea was close to a pound, putting prices in guineas made the price seem less. A price of 39 guineas might look like "about £39". In fact it is nearly £41. Prices in guineas were traditionally used for luxury goods before decimalisation. Saville Row tailors, bespoke boot makers, fine jewelers, and expensive motorcars were always priced in guineas.


title: Muntjac

paragraphs: A muntjac is any small deer that genus "Muntiacus".

paragraphs: Muntjacs may be the oldest known deer, appearing 15-35 million years ago, with remains found in Miocene deposits in France and Germany.

paragraphs: This genus is native to Southeast Asia and can be found in India and Sri Lanka to southern China, Taiwan, Japan and Indonesian islands.

paragraphs: Two species were originally recognised: the barking deer is "Muntiacus vaginalis" and Reeves's muntjac is "Muntiacus reevesi". More recently, ten more species have been recognised, all from Asia.


title: Chorale

paragraphs: A chorale (pronounce: "Ko-RAHL") is a hymn which is sung in a Lutheran church by all the people. Chorales developed during the late Renaissance and early Baroque period. Most of them were written at that time.

paragraphs: Martin Luther thought that the congregation (people worshipping in church) should have music to sing that was not too difficult. He thought that the words should be in German instead of Latin so that everybody would understand what they were singing about. Luther wrote the words of many chorales himself. He even composed some of melodies himself, such as "Ein' feste Burg" ("A Mighty Fortress"). Sometimes he used the traditional Gregorian Chant melodies from the Catholic worship and added new German words to it, for example "Christ lag in Todesbanden" ("Christ lay in Death's Dark Bonds").

paragraphs: The words of a chorale have a rhyming pattern. Most of the melodies have an AAB shape (the melody of the first part sung twice, then the second part). This shape is called "Bar form" in German.

paragraphs: Johann Sebastian Bach used many chorale tunes, usually adding harmony of his own. He used these in his cantatas. Many of these chorales in four-part harmonies are sung as hymns today in German Protestant churches, and some of the tunes are used in English-speaking countries as well.

paragraphs: Chorale tunes also appear in chorale preludes, pieces for the organ. These would usually have been played during the church services before the chorale was sung.

paragraphs: Chorales were used by many later composers in their compositions, e.g. Felix Mendelssohn, Anton Bruckner and Max Reger.


title: Heathers

paragraphs: Heathers is a 1989 American black comedy teen movie starring Winona Ryder, Christian Slater, and Shannen Doherty. The movie is about a group of four girls in a high school in Sherwood, Ohio. The girls, three of whom are named Heather, rule the school as they are the prettiest and most popular girls in town.

paragraphs: "Heathers" won awards for its director Michael Lehmann and producer Denise Di Novi the 1990 Independent Spirit Award for Best First Feature. Daniel Waters also won an award for his screenplay, which won a 1990 Edgar Award. The movie was a U.S. box office failure, but has since become a cult classic, as is shown by its high sales and rentals on DVD and VHS. In 2006, it was ranked #5 on "Entertainment Weekly's" list of the "50 Best High School Movies".


title: Mariano Pernía

paragraphs: Mariano Pernía (born 4 May 1977) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Atlético Madrid.


title: Carlos Marchena

paragraphs: Carlos Marchena (born 31 July 1979) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Valencia and Spain national team.


title: David Albelda

paragraphs: David Albelda (born 1 September 1977) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Valencia.


title: Xavi

paragraphs: Xavi (born 25 January 1980) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Al-Sadd. On Euro 2008 Xavi won the UEFA player of the tournament, a prize that the best player of the Euro Tournament gains.


title: José Antonio Reyes

paragraphs: José Antonio Reyes Calderón (1 September 1983 – 1 June 2019) was a Spanish professional footballer. He played mainly as a left winger but also as a forward.

paragraphs: On 1 June 2019, Reyes was killed in a car crash in Utrera, Spain at the age of 35.


title: Antonio López Guerrero

paragraphs: Antonio López Guerrero (born 13 September 1981) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Atlético Madrid.


title: Andrés Iniesta

paragraphs: Andrés Iniesta (born 11 May 1984) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Barcelona and the Spanish national team. He is known for scoring the 2010 FIFA World Cup winning goal against the Netherlands in the 116th minute of extra time. He is regarded as one of the greatest midfielder of all time.


title: Sergio Ramos

paragraphs: Sergio Ramos (born 30 March 1986) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Real Madrid and the Spain national team.


title: Juan Gutiérrez Moreno

paragraphs: Juan Gutiérrez Moreno (born 23 July 1976) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Atlético Madrid.


title: David Villa

paragraphs: David Villa Sánchez (born 3 December 1981) is a Spanish football player. He plays forward (No.7) for New York City F.C.　He was once said to be a one of the best strikers in football/soccer. He can play as a striker and wing.


title: Pablo Ibáñez

paragraphs: Pablo Ibáñez (born 3 August 1981) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Atlético Madrid.


title: José Manuel Reina

paragraphs: José Manuel Reina (born 31 August 1982) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Liverpool and Spain national team.


title: Plate block

paragraphs: A plate block is a block of postage stamps that includes the part of the sheet margin with the serial number of the printing plate(s) used to print the stamps.

paragraphs: Sometimes the plate numbers appear in the stamps themselves, but the more common practice is to include the number in the margin of each sheet, frequently alongside the name of the printer.


title: Singapore Chinese Orchestra

paragraphs: The Singapore Chinese Orchestra (SCO) is Singapore’s only professional Chinese orchestra.

paragraphs: As the main one of local performing arts groups, the SCO has the patronage of Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong. It is located at the Singapore Conference Hall since 2001 after the revamp of the building. Under the baton of music director Sheng Hui, the 70-strong orchestra aspires to introduce Chinese orchestral music to an ever-broadening audience.


title: Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

paragraphs: Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (Alfred Ernest Albert; 6 August 1844 – 30 July 1900) was the third Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha between 1893 and 1900. He was the second son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. He died of throat cancer in Coburg, Germany.


title: Hillsborough disaster

paragraphs: The Hillsborough disaster was an incident that happened on 15 April 1989. It happened at the Hillsborough Stadium in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. A stampede of people in the stadiums caused the deaths of 96 people (all Liverpool supporters). Another 766 people were injured. It happened during the FA Cup semi-final match between Liverpool and Nottingham Forest football clubs.

paragraphs: After the disaster, it was believed to be caused by the football fans. However, this turned out not to be true. A later investigation saw that the police were to blame. Ambulances were not able to reach the pitch where the stampede happened, which helped increase the number of people who died. There is a memorial at Hillsborough Stadium in memory of the people who died.

paragraphs: It is the worst disaster in British sporting history.

paragraphs: The newspaper "The Sun" made an untrue headline, days after the disaster. In February 2017, Liverpool F.C. put a ban on "The Sun" journalists from entering their grounds in response to the coverage of Hillsborough by the newspaper.


title: Hillsborough Stadium

paragraphs: Hillsborough Stadium is the home of Sheffield Wednesday Football Club in Sheffield, England. It was opened on 2 September 1899. It is now a 39,814 capacity all-seater stadium. A lot of the seats are covered. It is in the Sheffield suburb of Owlerton. It takes its name from the parliamentary constituency in which it is.

paragraphs: On 15 April 1989, the ground was the scene of one of the worst sporting tragedies of all time. 94 Liverpool fans were crushed to death in an FA Cup semi-final. This was called the Hillsborough disaster. The final death toll was 96. This meant that extra security measures were added there and in other stadiums around the country.


title: Liverpool Street station

paragraphs: Liverpool Street station, (or London Liverpool Street) is a major railway station in the City of London. It is the southern terminus of the Great Eastern Main Line (GEML), and is connected to a London Underground station of the same name.

paragraphs: Liverpool Street the main departure point from London to the East of England. It serves those places not served by the East Coast Main Line from King's Cross. It has commuter service to parts of East London and Essex, such as Chelmsford, Clacton-on-Sea, Witham and Norwich. It serves the London Stansted Airport via the Stansted Express.

paragraphs: It is one of the busiest stations in the United Kingdom, the third busiest in London after Waterloo and Victoria. Over 123 million people use the station each year. It is one of 17 managed by Network Rail. The station has exits to Bishopsgate, Liverpool Street and the Broadgate development. It is in Travelcard Zone 1.


title: Floriana F.C.

paragraphs: Floriana F.C. is an association football team from Malta.


title: Testimonial match

paragraphs: A testimonial match is an exhibition game played to raise money for a player who has been with a club for a long time.


title: World record

paragraphs: A world record is the best performance ever made by anyone in a certain discipline.


title: George V of Hanover

paragraphs: George V (George Frederick Alexander Charles Ernest Augustus; 27 May 1819–12 June 1878) was the last King of Hanover and a member of the German branch of the House of Hanover.He was a grandson of George III of the United Kingdom and son of Ernest Augustus, ,King of Hanover. George V was a cousin of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.

paragraphs: George married, on 18 February 1843, at Hanover, Princess Marie of Saxe-Altenburg, the eldest daughter of Joseph, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg, by his wife, Duchess Amelia of Württemberg. They had three children.


title: Ubuntu-restricted-extras

paragraphs: ubuntu-restricted-extras is a package for ubuntu, that allows the user to install most of the essential restricted software, due to legal, or copyright reasons.

paragraphs: It is a meta-package that installs, among other things:

paragraphs: Ubuntu-restricted-extras is already included in distros like Super OS


title: Elizabeth Woodville

paragraphs: Elizabeth Wydeville was the wife of King Edward IV of England. She was the mother of King Edward V of England. She was also the mother of Elizabeth of York, the queen consort of King Henry VII of England.

paragraphs: Elizabeth was born some time around the year 1437, at Grafton Regis, Northamptonshire. Her parents were Sir Richard Woodville and his wife, Jacquetta of Luxembourg, a foreign noblewoman who had first been married to the Duke of Bedford. After her first husband died, Jacquetta fell in love with Sir Richard, who was not very rich or important even though he was a knight. Jacquetta's friends and family felt that it was an unsuitable marriage and that he was not good enough for her. They had fourteen children altogether.

paragraphs: When Elizabeth first met Edward, she was a widow. Elizabeth and her first husband, Lord Grey, had two sons, Thomas and Richard. Then Lord Grey was killed in battle, fighting on the opposite side to King Edward. Because she was a widow who already had children, and because her family had supported King Edward's enemies, she was thought to be an unsuitable wife for the king. Elizabeth and Edward were married in secret, because the king did not want to quarrel with his great friend the Earl of Warwick, who wanted Edward to marry a princess. At the time of their marriage, Edward was 22 and Elizabeth a few years older.

paragraphs: When the Earl of Warwick discovered that the young king had married Elizabeth without his permission, he was furious. Although he was forced to accept the marriage, he became angry at the way Elizabeth's family grew powerful as a result of her becoming queen. A few years later, he turned against Edward and tried to put his rival, King Henry VI of England, back on the throne. While Edward was fighting to get his throne back, Elizabeth went to Westminster Abbey to find sanctuary; this meant that, because the abbey was a holy place, she could not be captured by her enemies as long as she remained there. While there, she gave birth to her first son, who was named Edward after his father. After a while, her husband returned and rescued her and her children, defeating the Earl of Warwick in battle and killing him.

paragraphs: Elizabeth and Edward had ten children altogether. Their eldest son, Edward, should have become king when his father died. However, King Edward died suddenly, and his own younger brother, Richard, Duke of Gloucester, snatched the throne. Richard hated the Woodville family, and killed Elizabeth's brother Anthony, who had been the guardian of her son Edward. Both Edward and Elizabeth's younger son, Richard, were placed in the Tower of London (which was then a royal palace). After a few months, they disappeared, and it was thought that King Richard had killed them. This rumour made the new king unpopular with many of his people, and two years later, Henry Tudor took the throne from him in battle and became King Henry VII of England. Henry VII married Elizabeth's eldest daughter, who was also called Elizabeth. Elizabeth Woodville herself died a few years later at Bermondsey Abbey.


title: Suffolk County Council

paragraphs: Suffolk County Council is the administrative authority for the county of Suffolk, England. It provides a range of services under the control of elected county councillors. This include education, planning, transport and streets, social services and public safety.


title: Groundskeeper

paragraphs: A groundskeeper is a person who maintains landscaping, gardens or sporting venues (and their vegetation where appropriate) for appearance and functionality.


title: Forth Bridge

paragraphs: Forth Bridge is a name used to refer to:


title: Forth Road Bridge

paragraphs: The Forth Road Bridge is a suspension bridge crossing the Firth of Forth in Scotland. It connects the city of Edinburgh to Fife. The bridge carries cars and pedestrians across the Firth. It was built in 1963. Trains use the nearby Forth Rail Bridge, a historic railroad bridge built in 1890. The bridge was designed by architect Richard Gilbert Scott.

paragraphs: Even though the bridge was built so recently, it has had some serious repairs done. A report into the failure of nine heavy-duty nuts on the Forth Road Bridge said all 1,888 similar nuts on the crossing should be replaced.

paragraphs: All the cable band nuts and bolts were replaced in the late 1990s as part of a large project to replace the hanger ropes. Ten years later, a report found serious defects. Bridge authority FETA investigated when inspectors found the nine cracked nuts. Engineers FaberMaunsell carried out lab tests and a study of similar issues on suspension bridges across the world. The nuts are used to secure 192 'cable bands' to the bridge's main cables.

paragraphs: The report also found workmen had not placed washers correctly. This may have led to uneven pressure on the nuts. The protective coating on the nuts was poor, and allowed moisture to cause damage.

paragraphs: Engineers have now replaced all nuts and bolts which were cracked.


title: Yankee Stadium

paragraphs: Yankee Stadium is the new baseball stadium of the New York Yankees. It is in the New York City borough of the Bronx. The stadium opened in April 2009. It replaced the original Yankee Stadium, which the Yankees had played in since 1923. It was opened with an exhibition game against the Chicago Cubs on April 3, 2009. The first regular game was played on April 16, 2009.

paragraphs: The new stadium cost $1.5 billion dollars to build. It was the most expensive baseball stadium in the world. It is built to look like the old Yankee Stadium. It has many new and more modern features.

paragraphs: The new stadium has many parts that look similar to the old one when it was first built. This includes the outside walls of the stadium, the color of the seats, and the size of the playing field being the same.

paragraphs: The new stadium has an area known as "Monument Park" behind the center field wall. Monument Park has monuments honoring good Yankee players from past years. Monument Park is open before the game starts.

paragraphs: Another feature is the Great Hall. The Great Hall is a hallway near the entrance of the stadium with a tall roof and many stores and food stands. It also has banners to celebrate the team's history.

paragraphs: The new stadium has more than three times as many suites as the original. A suite is a fancy room with a view of the field where rich people watch the game. There are also many bars and clubs. It has better food than the original stadium.

paragraphs: People can drive to the stadium. There are several garages near it. It is near the New York Thruway in the Bronx. The stadium can also be reached by train, because there is a subway station near it. Trains can often be seen from the stadium.

paragraphs: The stadium is generally seen as being better than its predecessor, but some people dislike it. This mainly because the stadium's high cost has led to very high ticket prices. The high prices meant that there were many empty seats when the stadium first opened, especially behind the batter where tickets can cost up to 2,500 dollars. People have also disliked the stadium for its fan unfriendly practices. For example, fans cannot get autographs from players before the game. The stadium was seen as too expensive for being only a little better than the original. The new stadium also allowed many home runs during its first month, because of the way the wind moves the ball. That made many people call it "too easy".


title: Citi Field

paragraphs: Citi Field is a major league baseball park in an outer part of New York City in Queens New York, and the home of the New York Mets, since the 2009 MLB season. Citi Field is sponsored by Citi Bank. Construction began in 2006 when the Mets home was still Shea stadium. It replaced Shea Stadium, which was torn down after the 2008 baseball season. The place where the old stadium stood is a parking lot now. The 2013 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was played at Citi Field.

paragraphs: Ideas to build a new ball park in Queens were first discussed in the 1990s. This happened because the Met's then current stadium, Shea Stadium, was growing older and did not have many features found in newer stadiums. The Mets, along with the City of New York made plans to build a new stadium, next to Shea. The project to build the stadium was approved in March 2006, and construction started soon after. The building of the stadium could be seen from Shea, during the 2007 and 2008 baseball season. The new stadium, named Citi Field opened on April 13, 2009.

paragraphs: Citi Field has many interesting and unique attractions. The park has seats for up to 41,000 fans to watch a game. The seats are painted green to look similar to the Polo Grounds- another New York stadium torn down in 1965. Citi Field has a home run Apple in center field. The Apple is not a real apple, rather it is a large plastic apple with the Mets sign on it that rises when a Mets player hits a home run. This is similar to Shea stadium, which also had a home run apple. The foul poles at the stadium are painted orange.

paragraphs: Another part of the stadium is the Jackie Robinson Rotunda. This is the place where most fans enter the stadium, and teaches fans about Jackie Robinson, the first black player in Major League Baseball. Citi Field also has an area called the Pepsi Porch. It is a place where fans can watch the game in the outfield. The first two rows of the porch are over the playing field.

paragraphs: There is also a smaller field behind the centerfield wall where kids can play baseball and other games. The stadium also has a museum to show Mets history and many restaurants, bars, stores, and food stands which surround the field.

paragraphs: Citi Field has many big parking lots which surround the stadium, allowing fans to bring their car to the game. The Stadium also has a train station with the New York City Subway and Long Island railroad that goes to downtown New York City.

paragraphs: In the years after it opened, the stadium had a few changes. After the 2011 baseball season, the outfield fences were moved closer to the batter, because people thought it was too hard to hit home runs. The fences were also painted blue and orange.


title: Cabo San Lucas

paragraphs: Cabo San Lucas is a city in Baja California Sur, Mexico. It is often called "Cabo".

paragraphs: Cabo is known for its beaches and scuba diving places. The sea arch "El Arco de Cabo San Lucas" is popular with tourists. There are many resorts along the coast between Cabo San Lucas and San José del Cabo.


title: Diatomyidae

paragraphs: Diatomyidae is a family of suborder "Hystricomorpha", are rodents found in Asia. It is currently represented by a single known living species, the Laotian rock rat ("Laonastes aenigmamus").


title: Thom Yorke

paragraphs: Thomas "Thom" Edward Yorke (born 7 October 1968) is an English musician. He is most known for being the lead singer, pianist, and guitarist for the English alternative rock band Radiohead. Radiohead have released nine studio albums. Radiohead first became famous with their single "Creep". In 1997 they released their third album, "OK Computer". It got good reviews. It won Best Alternative Music Performance at the 1998 Grammy Awards.

paragraphs: In 2000 Yorke sung on "I've Seen It All", a song by Björk. It was on the soundtrack to Dance in the Dark.

paragraphs: He released his first solo album ""The Eraser"" in 2006 on XL Recordings. The album was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album in 2007. In 2008 Yorke sung on the single "Náttúra" by Björk.

paragraphs: In 2013 he released an album with Atoms for Peace called "Amok".

paragraphs: Yorke lives in Oxford with his partner Rachel. They have two children, son Noah, born in 2001, and daughter Agnes, born 2004.


title: Laotian rock rat

paragraphs: The Laotian rock rat or kha-nyou ("Laonastes aenigmamus") is a rodent species of the Khammouan area of Laos, first named in 2005.


title: Santa Susana Mountains

paragraphs: The Santa Susana Mountains are a mountain range in southern California, in the United States. They are north of the city of Los Angeles and the Los Angeles River; and south of the Santa Clara River. The west part of the mountains is in Ventura County while the east part is in Los Angeles County.


title: Fakir

paragraphs: A fakir or faqir, is a Sufi who performs feats of endurance or magic. The word comes from "faqr" (), meaning "poverty".

paragraphs: In English, the word is often for Hindu ascetics (e.g., sadhus, gurus, swamis and yogis) as well as Sufi mystics. It can also be used to for a common street beggar who chants holy names, scriptures or verses. It has become a common Urdu and Hindi word for "beggar".

paragraphs: Many stereotypes of the great fakir exist, including a near-naked man easily walking barefoot on burning coals, sitting or sleeping on a bed of sharp nails, floating in the air while meditating, or "living on air" (refusing all food).


title: Curro Torres

paragraphs: Curro Torres (born 27 December 1976) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Valencia.


title: Juan Francisco García

paragraphs: Juan Francisco García (born 15 July, 1976) is a Spanish football player. He plays for AEK Athens.


title: Iván Helguera

paragraphs: Iván Helguera (born 28 March 1975) is a Spanish football player. He has played for Spain national team.


title: Javier de Pedro

paragraphs: Javier de Pedro (born 4 August, 1973) is a former Spanish football player. He has played for Spain national team.


title: Albert Luque

paragraphs: Albert Luque (born 11 March 1978) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Málaga.


title: Ricardo López Felipe

paragraphs: Ricardo López Felipe (born 30 December, 1971) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Osasuna.


title: Enrique Romero

paragraphs: Enrique Romero (born 23 June, 1971) is a former Spanish football player. He has played for Spain national team.


title: Sergio González

paragraphs: Sergio González (born 10 November 1976) is a retired Spanish football player. He currently coaches RCD Espanyol. He played for Spain in the 2002 FIFA World Cup.


title: Rolls-Royce

paragraphs: Rolls-Royce is a British brand, it may refer to:


title: Pedro Contreras

paragraphs: Pedro Contreras (born 7 January, 1972) is a former Spanish football player. He has played for Spain national team.


title: José Antonio Camacho

paragraphs: José Antonio Camacho (born 8 June, 1955) is a former Spanish football player. He has played for Real Madrid and Spain national team.


title: Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2

paragraphs: Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2 (Hangul: 광명성 2호, Hanja: 光明星 2號, meaning Bright Star-2) is, according to its estimated trajectory, a North Korean satellite, although it was suggested that it might be an intercontinental ballistic missile. According to the South Korean government, North Korea launched the rocket around 11:30 a.m. (0230GMT) Sunday 5 April 2009 from the coastal Musudan-ri launch pad in northeastern North Korea.


title: Slash (punctuation)

paragraphs: A slash (/) is a punctuation mark used for various purposes. Other names for it are: stroke, virgule, diagonal, right-leaning stroke, oblique dash, solidus, slant, separatrix, slake and whack, forward slash. A mark in the reverse direction (\) is called a reverse slash or backslash.

paragraphs: Example: to show how many kilograms of barley are left out of your total supply of barley; 1999/2000.

paragraphs: A slash can also be interpreted as "and". For example, "He is enrolling in the JBA program at Harvard". It can also be interpreted as "or". For example, "Each employee must bring his/her Photo ID". There, the slash (/) means "or".


title: Backslash

paragraphs: The backslash ( \ ), is a glyph mostly used in computing. It has other names, like reverse slash, backslant, and slosh. It is not used in normal prose, which is one reason for its use in computing.


title: Hohenstein-Ernstthal

paragraphs: Hohenstein-Ernstthal is a town in the Zwickau rural district, Free State of Saxony, Germany. The towns of Hohenstein and Ernstthal were united in 1898. The town is either known by its hyphenated form, or simply called Hohenstein.

paragraphs: The town got bigger in the 15th century because silver mines were found nearby.

paragraphs: Physicist G. H. von Schubert and inventor C. G. Schrter were born in Hohenstein.

paragraphs: The writer Karl May was born in Ernstthal. The house of his birth is a museum.

paragraphs: The mayor of Hohenstein-Ernstthal is Lars Kluge.


title: 1M1 Records

paragraphs: 1M1 Records is an Australian record label formed in 1988 as oneMone Records. It was used to promote and archive Australian movie soundtracks. It was the creation of Australian movie music recording producers Philip Powers and James McCarthy. These were both previously Director of Music at the Australian government filmmaking organisation Film Australia, overlapping between 1985-1987.

paragraphs: The first soundtrack released by 1M1 Records was in 1988 from the Australian television miniseries For the Term of His Natural Life (1982), which featured Anthony Perkins, Colin Friels, Patrck Macnee and Samantha Eggar. The music was composed and conducted by Simon Walker. The CD was produced by Philip Powers with Simon Walker and James McCarthy as unnamed Executive Producers.

paragraphs: This is a list of some of the composers who have had their movie music released by 1M1 Records:


title: Lupe Fiasco

paragraphs: Wasalu Muhammad Jaco (born February 16, 1982 in Chicago, Illinois), better known by his stage name Lupe Fiasco, is a Grammy-winning American hip-hop artist. He became famous in 2006 with the success of his debut album, "Lupe Fiasco's Food & Liquor".


title: 12 Apostles (record label)

paragraphs: 12 Apostles is an independent record label based in London, England and Brooklyn, USA. 12 Apostles Records specialises in 12 inch vinyl record releases that are distributed by Cargo International in the UK.


title: 12 Inch Records

paragraphs: Twelve Inch Records (also known as Twelve Inch) is an independent record label, based in Urbana, Illinois.

paragraphs: Artists who released albums under this label include:


title: 12 Tónar

paragraphs: 12 Tónar is a small record shop in Reykjavík, Iceland, and also a record label for Icelandic indie bands. It is found on Skólavörðustígur 15, in downtown Reykjavík.


title: 12k

paragraphs: 12k is an independent record label, based in Pound Ridge, New York, USA. It was founded on January 1, 1997 by Taylor Deupree.

paragraphs: 12k has three sublabels. Line which was launched in 2000 with Richard Chartier; term. which was founded in 2000 in the form of a netlabel and Happy which was founded in 2003.


title: 13th Planet Records

paragraphs: 13th Planet Records is a record label founded by Ministry frontman Al Jourgensen and his wife, Angelina Jourgensen in 2004.


title: Dave Heineman

paragraphs: Dave Heineman (born May 12, 1948) is an American politician. He was the governor of Nebraska from 2005 to 2015. He is a Republican.


title: Paulínia

paragraphs: Paulínia is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. As of 2008, its population was 81.544 inhabitants in an area of 145.27 km². The elevation is 590 m.


title: Alpha particle

paragraphs: An alpha particle is a radioactive particle that is made up of two protons and two neutrons. It is a helium nucleus: that is a helium atom without electrons. Radioactive elements give out alpha particles when they go through a kind of radioactive decay, known as alpha decay.

paragraphs: During alpha decay, the atomic nucleus releases an alpha particle. The nucleus will lose two protons and two neutrons when this happens. After the decay, the atom will change to another element, because the atom loses two protons. For example, when americium goes through alpha decay it changes into neptunium because neptunium is defined to have two protons less than americium. Alpha decay usually happens in heavy elements, those containing more neutrons and protons, such as uranium, thorium, plutonium, and radium.

paragraphs: Alpha particles cannot even go through a few centimetres of air. Alpha radiation cannot hurt humans when the alpha source is outside the human body, because human skin does not let the alpha particles go through, it cannot "penetrate" it. Alpha radiation can be very harmful if the source is inside the body, such as when people breathe dust or gas containing materials which decay by emitting alpha particles.

paragraphs: To look at americium again, the isotope americium-241 gives off alpha radiation. This radiation can be very harmful if it is inside someone's body because it can change the DNA in the cells. But it is not harmful when it is outside of the body because alpha radiation does not travel through the outside layers of the skin very well.

paragraphs: When scientists write equations about nuclear reactions they use the Greek letter Alpha. Ernest Rutherford started this when he discovered and named three kinds of ionizing radiation.


title: Greenpeace

paragraphs: Greenpeace is an international non-governmental organisation working for the protection and conservation of the environment. It was set up in Vancouver, Canada in 1971 and now has regional and national offices in 46 countries.

paragraphs: Greenpeace received international attention during the 1980s when the French intelligence agency bombed the Greenpeace ship "Rainbow Warrior" in the Auckland Harbor, killing one individual. In the following years, Greenpeace evolved into one of the largest environmental organizations in the world. Greenpeace is known for its direct actions and has been described as the most visible environmental organization in the world. The organization has raised environmental issues to public knowledge, and influenced both the private and the public sector.

paragraphs: On its official website, Greenpeace defines its mission as the following:

paragraphs: All Greenpeace actions are based on a common set of values and should therefore be: nonviolent, non-partisan, independent and international.

paragraphs: Since Greenpeace was founded, seagoing ships have played a vital role in its campaigns. The group has three ocean-going ships, the Esperanza, Arctic Sunrise and Rainbow Warrior III.

paragraphs: Greenpeace receives its funding exclusively from individual supporters and foundations. Greenpeace screens all major donations in order to ensure it does not receive unwanted donations. The organization does not accept money from governments, political parties or corporations in order to avoid their influence. Donations from foundations which are funded by political parties or receive most of their funding from governments are also rejected.


title: Albert, Manitoba

paragraphs: Albert is a rural municipality in Manitoba, Canada.


title: Alexander, Manitoba

paragraphs: Alexander is a rural municipality in Manitoba, Canada.


title: Alonsa, Manitoba

paragraphs: Alonsa is a community in Manitoba, Canada.

paragraphs: Lake Manitoba is one of the largest attractions near Alonsa.


title: Altona, Manitoba

paragraphs: Altona is a community in Manitoba, Canada.


title: Angusville, Manitoba

paragraphs: Angusville is a community in Manitoba, Canada. It was named after a pioneer family with the family name Angus.


title: Anola, Manitoba

paragraphs: Anola is a town in Manitoba, Canada. About 200 people live in its limits, but many people in surrounding areas consider themselves to be part of Anola.


Arborg, Manitoba


title: Argyle, Manitoba

paragraphs: Argyle is a community in Manitoba, Canada.

paragraphs: The town is about 30 minutes north of Winnipeg. Many farms and gravel companies do well around this area. There is heavy forest and lots of wildlife everywhere.


title: Lowestoft

paragraphs: Flint tools were found at Pakefield in south Lowestoft in 2005. This showed that humans had been living in the Lowestoft area 200,000 years ago. This means Lowestoft is one of the earliest known sites for humans in the United Kingdom.


title: Ashern

paragraphs: Ashern is a community in Manitoba, Canada. In 2006, there were 639 people.


Austin, Manitoba


title: Badger, Manitoba

paragraphs: Badger is a town in Manitoba, Canada. About 61 people live in the town. It is southwest of Whitemouth Lake.


title: Bakers Narrows, Manitoba

paragraphs: Bakers Narrows is a community in Manitoba, Canada.


title: Baldur, Manitoba

paragraphs: Baldur is a village in Manitoba, Canada.

paragraphs: The village started when the railway came in 1890. The town was named for the Norse god Baldur. Many of the people who first lived in the village have Icelandic heritage.


title: Beausejour, Manitoba

paragraphs: Beausejour is a town in Manitoba, Canada. It is a town of 2,772 people.

paragraphs: It is the birthplace of former Provincial Premier and Governor General Edward Schreyer.


title: Benito, Manitoba

paragraphs: Benito is a village in Manitoba, Canada.

paragraphs: In 1905, the Canadian National Railway went through the village.


title: Seal (device)

paragraphs: A seal is something such as a piece of wax which has an official mark on it, and which is attached to an important letter or document to make it official. It can also mean the device (e.g. a metal stamp or ring) which is used to make the official mark.

paragraphs: The word comes from the Latin “sigillum”.

paragraphs: The study of seals is called Sigillography.

paragraphs: Seals are used on documents to prove that they really did come from the person who signed it (they “authenticate” the document). A seal could be put on the letter itself, or on the envelope where it is stuck down. The writer would pour some wax over the joint of the letter, then press a ring or metal stamp (called a matrix) which has his official mark on. This meant that no one would be able to open the letter and then close it again, because the seal will break when the letter is opened. Most governments still put seals on important documents. Letters do not normally have seals any more, even important letters.

paragraphs: Sometimes lead, pewter or ivory were used instead of wax.

paragraphs: Each seal is different from any other. This means that an important person (e.g. a king) has his own personalized stamp.

paragraphs: Seals were used in very early civilizations. In ancient Mesopotamia seals were engraved on cylinders, which could be rolled to create an impression on clay. Signet-rings of kings from Ancient Egypt have been found. From Ancient Egypt seals in the form of signet-rings of kings have been found. Other ancient seals come from Saudi Arabia or the Ancient Greek and Roman times.

paragraphs: After the fall of the Roman Empire in 476 seals were not used so much. The Popes used lead seals, and Charlemagne (who died in 814) had a special seal engraved with Jupiter Sarpis. In England all the kings from Edward the Confessor onwards had their own “seal of majesty”.

paragraphs: Seals from East Asian later developed into block printing. Seals from China have been found from the 5th century B.C.

paragraphs: The wearing of signet rings (from Latin "signum" meaning sign) is an old tradition among nobles in European and some other cultures. In Latin America, it is also traditional for the descendants of the old "criollo" aristocratic families to wear signet rings in the Spanish tradition.

paragraphs: Signet rings were often worn on the little finger of either the right or left hand (depending on the country), although some countries have different customs (French and German noblemen, and some Spanish nobles wear it on the ring finger of their left hand; Swiss wear it on the ring finger of their right hand). In the United Kingdom, signet rings are typically worn on the little finger of the left hand of the bearer and are often cast of gold. The ring is worn with the seal facing outwards so that the wearer can make a seal without taking the ring off.

paragraphs: A similar tradition is found with blacksmiths who use their “touchmark” (a stamp used on the hot metal to show who made it) on whatever they made. When they died their touchmark was destroyed.

paragraphs: The study of seals (sigillography) is very useful in many areas: genealogy, political history, art history etc. This is because modern science can work out very closely how old a seal is. This makes it possible to date documents or works of art.

paragraphs: The word “seal” is often used as a metaphor:

paragraphs: Because seals are used to close something officially, the word “seal” can also be used in other situations with a similar meaning:


title: The Attitude Era

paragraphs: The Attitude Era was a period in the World Wrestling Federation and professional wrestling history. It started with the Monday Night Wars. It ended with the conclusion of the Wars in 2001. The Attitude Era professional, like the 1980s wrestling boom, made wrestling more popular in the United States from the late 1990s to early 2000s. Television ratings and pay-per-view reached their highest points. The Attitude Era was different from the more traditional WWF programming. It tried to attract the young adult demographic. It did this by making the product into a more controversial "shock value" form of entertainment. This was similar to the "Trash TV" genre popularized in the 1990s.


title: Eggnog

paragraphs: Eggnog is a sweet dairy drink made with milk, cream, sugar, beaten eggs, and flavoured with cinnamon and nutmeg. Alcoholic kinds are also made. Eggnog is a popular drink in the United States and Canada, and is usually drank with winter parties such as Christmas and New Year. Brandy, rum or bourbon may be added. As for its origins, it is agreed upon that eggnog originated in present day United Kingdom in the early medieval period. The drink would then make its way to North America in the 18th century and become a popular beverage during the winter holidays.


title: Binscarth, Manitoba

paragraphs: Binscarth is a village in Manitoba, Canada. In 2011, 425 people lived in the village. In 1999 Canadian Living Magazine called Binscarth "Best Place To Raise A Family".


title: Birch River, Manitoba

paragraphs: Birch River is a community in Manitoba, Canada. Two kilometres north is the Porcupine Provincial Forest.


title: Birtle, Manitoba

paragraphs: Birtle is a town in Manitoba, Canada. In 2001, 690 people lived in the town.

paragraphs: Hockey and Curling are popular sports. The town has both a hockey rink and a curling rink.


title: Amenia (town), New York

paragraphs: Amenia is a community in Dutchess County, New York, United States.


title: Beekman, New York

paragraphs: Beekman is a community in Dutchess County, New York, United States.


title: Clinton, Dutchess County, New York

paragraphs: Clinton is a community in Dutchess County, New York, United States. The population was 4,312 at the 2010 census. The town is named after George Clinton, an early governor of New York.


title: Dover, New York

paragraphs: Dover is a town in Dutchess County in the state of New York in the United States. 8,565 people were living in Dover as of 2000.


title: East Fishkill, New York

paragraphs: East Fishkill is a community in Dutchess County, New York, United States.


title: Hyde Park, New York

paragraphs: Hyde Park is a community in Dutchess County, New York, United States.


title: Dol2day

paragraphs: dol2day ("democracy online today") is a social networking platform for politically interested German speaking people launched on Mai 15, 2000. The site is a combination of Internet forum and multi-user dungeon with


title: LaGrange, New York

paragraphs: LaGrange is a community in Dutchess County, New York, United States.


title: Milan, New York

paragraphs: Milan is a town of Dutchess County, in the state of New York in the United States. 4,559 people were living in Milan as of 2000.


title: North East, New York

paragraphs: North East is a community in Dutchess County, New York, United States.


title: Pawling (town), New York

paragraphs: Pawling is a town of Dutchess County in the state of New York in the United States. 7,521 people were living in Pawling as of 2000.


title: Pine Plains (town), New York

paragraphs: Pine Plains is a community in Dutchess County, New York, United States.


title: Dutchess County, New York

paragraphs: Dutchess County is a county in New York, United States. It is in the Hudson Valley.


title: Pleasant Valley (town), New York

paragraphs: Pleasant Valley is a community in Dutchess County, New York, United States.


title: Poughkeepsie (town), New York

paragraphs: The Town of Poughkeepsie is a community in Dutchess County, New York, United States.


title: Red Hook, New York

paragraphs: Red Hook is a community in Dutchess County, New York, United States. It is a town which setting was in a view from a bridge.


title: Rhinebeck (town), New York

paragraphs: Rhinebeck is a town of Dutchess County in the state of New York in the United States. About 7,700 people were living in the town of Rhinebeck as of 2000.


title: Stanford, New York

paragraphs: Stanford is a community in Dutchess County, New York, United States.


title: Szczecin-Goleniów "Solidarność" Airport

paragraphs: Szczecin-Goleniów "Solidarność" Airport (Polish: "Port Lotniczy Szczecin-Goleniów im. NSZZ "Solidarność"") is an airport near Goleniów, Szczecin, Police and Świnoujście in Poland. The airport has good train connections to Szczecin and Kołobrzeg.

paragraphs: Charter flights operates to Egypt (Hurghada and Sharm el-Sheikh), Turkey and Tunesia.


title: Census-designated place

paragraphs: A census-designated place (CDP) is a place that is identified by the United States Census Bureau as a place dedicated for statistical purposes. They are communities that do not have their own government, but are similar to incorporated places in other ways.


title: Ecdysozoa

paragraphs: The Ecdysozoa (including Cycloneuralia) are a group of protostome animal phyla. This is a taxon above the level of phylum. It includes the Arthropoda (insects and crustaceans), Nematoda, and several smaller phyla.

paragraphs: They were first defined in 1997, based mainly on phylogenetic trees taken from 18S ribosomal RNA genes. A large study in 2008 strongly supported the Ecdysozoa as a clade, that is, a group consisting of a common ancestor and all its descendants.

paragraphs: The group is also supported by morphological characters, and includes all animals that shed their exoskeleton (see ecdysis).


title: Shoot

paragraphs: In botany, shoots are stems plus the leaves and lateral buds, flowering stems and flower buds. The new growth from seed germination that grows upward is a shoot where leaves will develop. In the spring, perennial plant shoots are the new growth that grows from the ground in herbaceous plants or the new stem or flower growth that grows on woody plants.

paragraphs: In everyday speech, shoots are often synonymous with stems.


title: Association football pitch

paragraphs: A football pitch is the playing surface for the game of association football made of grass. Its dimensions and markings are defined by Law 1 of the Laws of the Game, "The Field of Play".


title: State Bank of Pakistan

paragraphs: The State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) () is the central bank and national bank of Pakistan.


title: Ape Escape 2

paragraphs: Ape Escape 2 is a Playstation 2 game, that consists of catching troublesome Monkeys and defeating Specter.

paragraphs: It was published and developed to the PS2 by Sony, but in North America, it was published by Ubisoft. It was first released in Japan on 18 July 2002 and later released in Europe on 14 March 2003, and in North America on 30 June 2003. It is the second game in the "Ape Escape" series.

paragraphs: The Professor leaves one simple task for Jimmy, (Hikaru), to do, but as you would have guessed, it does not go well. He was supposed to send Monkey Pants to a Monkey Park, but he sent Peak Point helmets too. Specter got hold of one and decided to try and take over the world again. Natalie is furious with Jimmy, as he destroyed the laboratory, and to make up for it, he decides to go and catch all of the monkeys and defeat Specter.

paragraphs: Specter a troublesome monkey, trying to take over the world.

paragraphs: Hikaru the main character who captures monkeys and saves the world.

paragraphs: Kekaru another character who does the same as Hikaru, after you complete the game Hikaru.

paragraphs: Pipotchi Hikaru's best friend who journeys with Hikaru (only) to help him.

paragraphs: Natalie your helper who stays in the Lab.

paragraphs: The Professor sometimes appears every now and then.

paragraphs: Other features are Mini Games, that you pay for in the vending machine in the Lab. There are Monkey Football (Soccer), Dance Monkey Dance, and Monkey Climbing.


title: Andoni Zubizarreta

paragraphs: Andoni Zubizarreta (born 23 October 1961) is a former Spanish football player. He has played for Spain national team. He is one of a small group of footballers who have played in Four World Cup. He played as a goalkeeper. He bowed out of football in 1998 with Nigeria, after punching a ball into his own net.


title: Albert Ferrer

paragraphs: Albert Ferrer (born 6 June, 1970) is a former Spanish football player. He has played for Spain national team.


title: Agustín Aranzábal

paragraphs: Agustín Aranzábal (born 15 March, 1973) is a former Spanish football player. He has played for Spain national team.


title: Rafael Alkorta

paragraphs: Rafael Alkorta (born 16 September, 1968) is a former Spanish football player. He has played for Spain national team.


title: Abelardo Fernández

paragraphs: Abelardo Fernández (born 19 March 1970) is a former Spanish football player. He has played for Spain national team.


title: Juan Antonio Pizzi

paragraphs: Juan Antonio Pizzi (born 7 June, 1968) is a former Spanish football player. He has played for Spain national team.


title: Alfonso Pérez

paragraphs: Alfonso Pérez (born 26 September, 1972) is a former Spanish football player. He has played for the Spanish national team.


title: Sergi Barjuán

paragraphs: Sergi Barjuán (born 28 December 1971) is a former Spanish football player. He has played for Spain national team.


title: Iván Campo

paragraphs: Iván Campo (born 21 February 1974) is a Spanish football player. He has played for Spain national team.


title: Carlos Aguilera Marín

paragraphs: Carlos Aguilera Marín (born 22 May 1969) is a former Spanish football player. He has played for Spain national team.


title: Albert Celades

paragraphs: Albert Celades (born 29 September, 1975) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Red Bull New York.


title: Joseba Etxeberria

paragraphs: Joseba Etxeberria (born 5 September 1977) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Athletic Bilbao.


title: Guillermo Amor

paragraphs: Guillermo Amor (born 4 December 1967) is a former Spanish football player. He has played for Spain national team.


title: Kiko

paragraphs: Kiko (born 26 April 1972) is a former Spanish football player. He has played for Spain national team.


title: José Francisco Molina

paragraphs: José Francisco Molina (born 8 August 1970) is a former Spanish football player. He has played for Spain national team.


title: Javier Clemente

paragraphs: Javier Clemente (born 12 March, 1950) is a former Spanish football player. He has played for Atlético Bilbao.


title: Jorge Otero

paragraphs: Jorge Otero (born 28 January, 1969) is a former Spanish football player. He has played for the Spanish national team.


title: Francisco José Camarasa

paragraphs: Francisco José Camarasa (born 27 September, 1967) is a former Spanish football player. He has played for Valencia and Spain national team.


title: Ion Andoni Goikoetxea

paragraphs: Ion Andoni Goikoetxea (born 21 October 1965) is a former Spanish football player. He has played for Spain national team.


title: José Mari Bakero

paragraphs: José Mari Bakero (born 11 February 1963) is a former Spanish football player. He has played for Spain national team.


title: Juanele

paragraphs: Juanele (born 10 April, 1971) is a former Spanish football player. He has played for Spain national team.


title: José Luis Caminero

paragraphs: José Luis Caminero (born 8 November 1967) is a former Spanish football player. He has played for Spain national team.


title: Felipe Miñambres

paragraphs: Felipe Miñambres (born 29 April, 1965) is a former Spanish football player. He has played for Spain national team.


title: Voro

paragraphs: Voro (born 9 October, 1963) is a former Spanish football player. He has played for Spain national team.


title: Julio Salinas

paragraphs: Julio Salinas (born 11 September 1962) is a former Spanish football player. He has played for the Spanish national team.


title: Julen Lopetegui

paragraphs: Julen Lotopegui (born 28 August, 1966) is a former Spanish football player. He has played for Spain national team.


title: Glendale, California

paragraphs: Glendale is a city in Los Angeles County, California; in the United States. It is at the junction of two large valleys, the San Fernando Valley and San Gabriel Valley, near the beginning of the Los Angeles River. Its population as of 2007 is 207,007; and its mayor is Ara Najarian. Glendale is known for its low crime rate and being one of the safest cities in the United States. For more information please go to: www.ci.glendale.ca.us.


title: Retrograde amnesia

paragraphs: Retrograde amnesia is a type of amnesia when someone cannot remember what happened before the event that caused the memory loss (such as a head injury). This is different from anterograde amnesia, when someone cannot remember what happened after the event.


title: Tujunga Wash

paragraphs: Tujunga Wash is a stream in Los Angeles County, California. Its watershed covers 225 square miles (580 square kilometers) from the San Gabriel Mountains to the flat floor of the Los Angeles Basin. Tujunga Wash is a major tributary to the Los Angeles River, providing about a fifth of its flow.

paragraphs: The wash begins in two forks, Big Tujunga Creek and Little Tujunga Creek. Big Tujunga Creek begins in the San Gabriel Mountains. It flows west to a reservoir called Big Tujunga Reservoir, formed by a dam at its west shore. After exiting the dam, the creek is known as "Big Tujunga Wash". Little Tujunga Creek flows south from a portion of the San Gabriel Mountains north of the Hansen Reservoir. The combined waters then head into the Hansen Reservoir. Downstream, the Tujunga Wash flows south and halfway to the Los Angeles River, is met by the Pacoima Wash. Tujunga Wash meets the Los Angeles River near Studio City, California.


title: Apostasy in Islam

paragraphs: Apostasy in Islam is when a follower of Islam tries to change their religion. When someone tries to reject their religion, this is called apostasy. There are different cases to be handled:

paragraphs: Most Sunni Islam and the Twelvers Shi'a Islamic schools of thought agree that apostasy is a sin. There is a difference between harmful apostasy and harmless apostasy (also known as major and minor apostasy). According to Wael Hallaq nothing of the apostasy law are based on the Qur'an, although the jurist al-Shafi'i interpreted the Qu'ranic verse 2:217. This provided the main evidence for apostasy being a capital crime in Islam. Sharia says the punishment for apostasy should be death, but the Qu'ran does not have a punishment for apostates in this world.

paragraphs: Some Islamic jurists argued or issued fatwas that either the changing of religion is not punishable or is only punishable under restricted circumstances Some groups within Islam, such as the Shi'a Ismaili, reject death for apostasy altogether.


title: Arroyo Seco

paragraphs: The Arroyo Seco (Spanish for "dry creek") is a stream in Los Angeles County, California. It is a major tributary to the Los Angeles River. The stream begins near Mount Wilson in the San Gabriel Mountains, and flows into a reservoir created by the Devil's Gate Dam. After flowing away from the reservoir, the stream flows in a concrete channel through La Cañada Flintridge on the west and Altadena on the east; then through Pasadena, South Pasadena, and the neighborhoods of Highland Park and Montecito Heights in Los Angeles before flowing into the Los Angeles River at Elysian Park. Its watershed covers 46.7 square miles (121 square kilometers).


title: Rio Hondo (California)

paragraphs: The Rio Hondo (Spanish for "deep river") is a river in Los Angeles County, California. Its official beginning is at a reservoir called the Whittier Narrows Reservoir; and it flows southwest to the Los Angeles River. Notably, the Whittier Narrows Reservoir is also fed by the San Gabriel River, and water can be released into either river. Therefore, the watersheds of the Los Angeles River and San Gabriel River are connected by the Rio Hondo.

paragraphs: Most of the Rio Hondo is lined with concrete, but there are two places the river is free-flowing. These are the "Peck Road Water Conservation Park" and the "Whittier Narrows Recreation Area". Eaton Wash is a tributary to the Rio Hondo.


title: Sacramento County, California

paragraphs: Sacramento County is a county in the U.S. state of California. It is in the Central Valley, along the Sacramento River. As of 2000, 1,223,499 people lived there. Its county seat is Sacramento, which is not only the county seat but the state capital.


title: Norman Borlaug

paragraphs: Norman Borlaug (March 25, 1914 – September 12, 2009) was an American scientist. He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970. His area of work has been making a larger food supply for the world. He did this by making smaller wheat plants that also were less likely to get diseases. He was born in Cresco, Iowa.

paragraphs: Borlaug died of lymphoma at the age of 95, on September 12, 2009, in his Dallas home.


title: Leandro de Moratín

paragraphs: Leandro Fernández de Moratín (March 10, 1760, Madrid–June 21, 1828, Paris) was a Spanish dramatist, translator and neoclassical poet. He is the son of Nicolás Fernández de Moratín, who used to be a lawyer and a professor of poetry.


title: Sporting CP

paragraphs: Sporting Clube de Portugal, commonly called Sporting CP or Sporting is a football club from Lisbon, Portugal. They play in the Primera LigaPrimeira Liga, the top division of Portuguese football. They play their home games at the Estádio José Alvalade.


title: Sacriston

paragraphs: Sacriston is a village in County Durham, England.


title: Luis de León

paragraphs: Fray Luis de León (born Belmonte, in Cuenca province, of the Castilian region of La Mancha, Spain, in 1527 – 23 August 1591) was a Spanish lyric poet and an Augustinian canon, of the Spanish Golden Age.


title: Classical conditioning

paragraphs: Classical conditioning (also Pavlovian conditioning) is a form of associative learning.

paragraphs: Ivan Pavlov was the first to show in what way it works. He did this in 1927, using dogs. There is one stimulus which is called "neutral", and there is another, which has some meaning. If the two stimuli are often presented together, the organism "learns" that they belong together. As a result, it is enough to show the neutral stimulus to get what Pavlov referred this learned relationships to as a "conditional reflex", or to what is today called a conditioned reflex or response. ...

paragraphs: Pavlov did the experiment with dogs. Each time before he fed the dogs, he rang a bell. The dogs then learned that when the bell rang they would be fed. So they started to salivate, when they heard the bell ring, even before they saw or smelled the food.


title: Bill Dodgin, Sr.

paragraphs: William "Bill" Dodgin (17 April 1909 – 16 October 1999) was an English football player and manager.


title: Arthur Nikisch

paragraphs: Arthur Nikisch (born Lébény Szent Miklós, Hungary, 12 October 1855; died Leipzig, 23 January 1922) was a Hungarian conductor. He conducted in Germany as well as internationally and was thought of as the greatest conductor of his time.

paragraphs: Arthur Nikisch was born in Hungary (then the Austro-Hungarian Empire). His father was from Moravia, his mother was Hungarian. As a child he showed exceptional musical talent. He learned the piano and the violin and studied at the Vienna Conservatory, where he won prizes for composition and for playing the violin and piano. He was playing the violin in the orchestra when Richard Wagner conducted a concert in Bayreuth to celebrate the beginning of the building of his new theatre: the Bayreuth Festspielhaus. He joined the Vienna Court Orchestra where he played in concerts that were conducted by famous composers such as Brahms, Liszt, Verdi and Wagner. Soon he started his career as conductor in Leipzig. He quickly became internationally famous. In 1889 he was invited to conduct the Boston Symphony Orchestra. He conducted many concerts in the USA. In 1893 he became conductor of the Budapest Opera. Two years later he also became conductor of the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra, taking the place of Carl Reinecke. In the same year he also became the main conductor of the Berlin Philharmonic. He remained conductor of these two world famous orchestras until his death.

paragraphs: Nikisch gave concerts all over the world, appearing as guest conductor with great orchestras such as the Concertgebouw Orchestra in Amsterdam and the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra. In 1912 he took the London Symphony Orchestra to the USA, the first European Orchestra to tour there (fortunately they cancelled their booking on the RMS Titanic at the last moment). He conducted at the Leipzig Opera and taught conducting at the Leipzig Conservatory.

paragraphs: Nikisch was famous for his conducting of the great Romantic composers such as Schumann, Brahms, Bruckner, Tchaikovsky and Wagner as well as Beethoven. He had a great influence on the next generation of conductors including Wilhelm Furtwängler and Sir Adrian Boult. He helped composers such as Mahler, Max Reger and Richard Strauss to become famous by performing their music.

paragraphs: Nikisch married the singer Amélie Heusner. Their son Mitja became a successful pianist.

paragraphs: The New Grove Dictionary of Music & Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie, 1980.


title: Compton, California

paragraphs: Compton is a city in Los Angeles County, California. It is southeast of Los Angeles, and is on the right side of the Los Angeles River. One stream that flows through it is called Compton Creek. The city's total land area is 10.2 square miles (26.4 aquare kilometers).

paragraphs: The city, incorporated in 1888, now has a population of 94,425. Its current mayor is Aja Brown. The city was known for having one of the highest crime rates in the United States.


title: Sibi Division

paragraphs: Sibi Division () was an administrative division of the Balochistan Province of Pakistan, until the reforms of 2000 abolished the third tier of government.


title: Quetta Division

paragraphs: Quetta Division () was an administrative division of the Balochistan Province of Pakistan, until the reforms of 2000 abolished the third tier of government.


title: Zhob Division

paragraphs: Zhob Division () was an administrative division of the Balochistan Province of Pakistan, until the reforms of 2000 abolished the third tier of government.


title: Rawalpindi Division

paragraphs: Rawalpindi Division () was one of the administrative subdivisions of the Punjab province of Pakistan, forming part of the third tier of government below the federal and provincial levels. Divisions were composed of districts which formed the fourth tier of government, but the local government reform of 2000 abolished administrative divisions and raised the districts to become the new third tier of government.


title: Sargodha Division

paragraphs: Sargodha Division () is an administrative division of four districts of the Punjab Province of Pakistan

paragraphs: Before October 1988, divisional system was abolished by the reforms of 2000 the third tier of government.


title: Faisalabad Division

paragraphs: Faisalabad Division () was an administrative division of the Punjab Province of Pakistan, until the reforms of 2000 abolished the third tier of government. At abolition it contained the following districts: Faisalabad, Toba Tek Singh and Jhang.


title: Billups Neon Crossing Signal

paragraphs: The Billups Neon Crossing Signal was a special signal to warn car and truck drivers that a train was coming. It was placed at a dangerous Illinois Central railroad crossing on Mississippi State Route 7 in Grenada, Mississippi.

paragraphs: It was put up in the mid-1930s by inventor Alonzo Billups. Mr. Billups and the railroad were worried; the crossing had many accidents between trains and motor vehicles. He wanted drivers who were going to cross the tracks to know that a train was coming and he wanted to do it in a very big way. The Billups signal was built like a giant steel gantry which went up and over the entire highway. This is similar to crossing signals used today in North America; Mr. Billups' signal may have been the very first time such a signal was built. A pair of flashing red lights similar to those used today topped giant neon signs on either side of the big gantry. The signs lit up with the words "Stop-DEATH-Stop" along with a neon skull and crossbones. Flashing neon arrows pointed toward the train to tell drivers which way the train was coming. The Billups Neon Crossing Signal even had a special way of warning drivers with sound. Instead of the electric or electronic bells used now, this signal used a very loud air raid siren.

paragraphs: After World War II started, neon became hard to get. The signal had electrical problems as well. Often, the air raid siren would go off even if no train was coming and it wouldn't shut off until the railroad sent a repair crew. No more of these special signals were ever built and the only one ever built was taken down after less than twenty years.


title: Metacarpal bones

paragraphs: The metacarpus is the intermediate part of the hand skeleton. It is between the phalanges (bones of the fingers) and the carpals which form the connection to the forearm. The metacarpus consists of metacarpal bones.


title: Calcareous sponge

paragraphs: The calcareous sponges of class Calcarea are members of the animal phylum Porifera, the cellular sponges. They are characterized by spicules made out of calcium carbonate.

paragraphs: Typically, the Calcarea are very small, measuring about 7-10 cm (3-4 inches) in height. Of the 15,000 or so species of Porifera that exist, only 400 of those are Calcareans.


title: Richea

paragraphs: Richea is a genus of shrubs or trees in the family Ericaceae. The number of species is 10—12. The genus is very close with genus "Dracophyllum".

paragraphs: Richea grows in island Tasmania and also in Australia; many species grows in mountains.

paragraphs: It is evergreen plants with the long leaves. Flowers are small; its color is white, yellow, pink or red.

paragraphs: The genus was named in honour of Claude Antoine Gaspard Riche (1762—1797), French botanist.

paragraphs: The most well-known species is "Richea pandanifolia". Its height may be 15 m. The common English name of this plant is "the giant grass tree".

paragraphs: Richea may be an interest plant for gardens.