title: Bruksvallarna

paragraphs: Bruksvallarna is a minor locality situated in Härjedalen Municipality in Jämtland County, Sweden. In 2010, 95 people lived there.

paragraphs: The place is located at a height at 720 meters above sea level.

paragraphs: Cross-country skiing competition Bruksvallsloppet is held here in November each year.


title: Division of Fairfax

paragraphs: The Division of Fairfax is an Australian Electoral Division in Queensland. It was set up in 1984 and is named after Ruth Fairfax, founder of the Country Women's Association. It is covers the Sunshine Coast region north of Brisbane and includes the towns of Buderim, Coolum, Eumundi, Kenilworth, Mapleton, Maroochydore, Montville, Nambour, Palmwoods, Peregian Springs, Woombye and Yandina.

paragraphs: In the 2013 election, mining millionaire and leader of the Palmer United Party, Clive Palmer won the seat by 36 votes at the first count. This was reduced to 7 votes after a recount of the distribution of preferences. Because this was less than 100 votes, the Australian Electoral Commission counted all the votes again which gave Palmer a win by 53 votes.


title: Hanna Grönvall

paragraphs: Johanna Kristina "Hanna" Grönvall (10 December 1879 in Västra Sallerup, Malmöhus County, Sweden – 22 May 1953) was a Swedish politician (social democrat) and trade unionist.

paragraphs: Grönwall worked as a maid from 1900 to 1934. In 1933, she became a member of the committee founded to examine the working conditions of domestics, and in 1934, she became deputy chairman of the trade union for domestics, Stockholms hembiträdesförening. She was the founder of the Central Comitté of Domestics, Hembiträdesföreningarnas centralkommitté, in 1936. Grönwall was a member of the city council of Stockholm Municipality for the social democrats.


title: Hall boy

paragraphs: The hall boy or hallboy was the lowest ranked male domestic worker on the staff of a great house. Usually a boy or young teenager, his name derived from the fact that his main duties were in the servants' hall, where he may also have slept.

paragraphs: Like his female counterpart, the scullery maid, the hall boy would have been expected to work up to 16 hours per day, seven days per week. His duties were often among the most disagreeable in the house, such as emptying chamber pots for the higher-ranking servants, and (in the absence of a boot boy) cleaning the boots.

paragraphs: A hall boy could rise through the ranks and, if fortunate, eventually become a valet or butler. Arthur Inch, butler technical consultant for the film "Gosford Park", stated in an interview that he began his life in service as a hall boy at the age of 15.


title: Elisa Lindström

paragraphs: Eva "Elisa" Lindström, born 24 April 1991 in Töreboda, Sweden, is a Swedish singer. She is currently the lead singer for the dansband, Elisa's.

paragraphs: As part of the music group Lali, she participated in Lilla Melodifestivalen in 2005, where their song titled "Du får ta mitt hjärta" (You can take my heart) finished in sixth place overall. The song was co-written by Elisa herself and her sister Alma Lindström.

paragraphs: The band Elisa's was formed in 2009 by Lindström and others from the same musical education program in a school in Skövde. In 2010, Lindström and her danceband Elisa's got national attention competing in the SVT danceband reality competition show "Dansbandskampen" (meaning the battle of the dancebands), where her band qualified to the finals, eventually winning the contest in the final held on 11 December 2010. Elisa Lindström won "Singer of the Year 2011" at the Guldklaven Awards in early 2012.

paragraphs: In 2013, Lindström took part in the choir singing competition show "Körslaget" (meaning Clash of the Choirs) broadcast on TV4, where she led a choir from her hometown of Töreboda. Lindström made it to the 19 October 2013 final where they competed against the other finalist, a choir led by singer Anna Book. Lindström won the final of Körslaget.

paragraphs: In November 2013 it was revealed that Lindström will participate in Melodifestivalen 2014 in hopes of representing Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 2014 in Copenhagen, Denmark. She competed in the first heat with the song "Casanova".


title: Servants' hall

paragraphs: The servants' hall is traditionally a common room for domestic workers in a great house. The term usually refers to the domestic workers' dining room.

paragraphs: If there is no separate sitting room, the Servants' Hall doubles as the place servants may spend their leisure hours and serves as both sitting room and dining room.


title: Convention on Domestic Workers

paragraphs: The Convention on Domestic Workers, formally the Convention concerning Decent Work for Domestic Workers is a convention setting labour standards for domestic workers. It is the 189th ILO convention and was adopted during the 100th session of the International Labour Organization. It entered into force on 5 September 2013.


title: Seal of Pennsylvania

paragraphs: The Seal of Pennsylvania is the state seal for the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. Unlike most seals, it has a front and a back.

paragraphs: The front has an image of wheat, a ship and plow. Philadelphia is represented by the ship. The outer ring contains the words "Seal of the State of Pennsylvania" though the state is really a commonwealth. The back has the words "Both Can't Survive".


title: Seal of Connecticut

paragraphs: The Connecticut State Seal is the seal of the U.S. State of Connecticut. It became that in May of 1784. It has three grapevines and a ribbon inside. The outer edges of the seal say SIGILLUM REIPUBLICÆ CONNECTICUTENSIS (or "Seal of the State of Connecticut").

paragraphs: The first seal was in 1639. It changed between then and 1784.


title: Seal of Rhode Island

paragraphs: The Seal of the State of Rhode Island is the state seal of the U.S. state of Rhode Island. It has a dark blue background. There is a maritime anchor under the word "HOPE". The outer circle says "Seal of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations". The outer circle also has "1636" at the bottom.

paragraphs: The seal was first used before Rhode Island was really a state.


title: Seal of Delaware

paragraphs: The Great Seal of the State of Delaware is the seal of the U.S. State of Delaware. The seal shows a shield, an ox and sailing ships. On the outer edge it says "Great Seal of the State of Delaware".

paragraphs: The dates 1704, 1776 and 1787 are shown at the bottom of this state seal.


title: Flag and seal of New Hampshire

paragraphs: The Seal of the State of New Hampshire was first created in 1776. The state flag has the seal in a dark blue background. The seal shows a ship on stocks, with a rising sun in background. The outer ring has the words "Seal of the State of New Hampshire".


title: Epico

paragraphs: Orlando "Ollie" Colón (born March 24, 1982 in San Juan) is a Puerto Rican professional wrestler. He is currently working for the WWE under the ring name Fernando and has formerly competed under the ring name Epico. He is one half of the tag team Los Matadores with his real-life cousin Primo.

paragraphs: On the November 4 2011 episode of "SmackDown", Colón debuted on the main roster as a heel under the ring name Epico. He faced Sin Cara but lost by disqualification after Hunico ran in and attacked Sin Cara.

paragraphs: Epico then began teaming with Primo, with Rosa Mendes as their manager. Epico and Primo defeated Air Boom (Evan Bourne and Kofi Kingston) at a "Raw" live event on January 15, 2012, in Oakland, California to win the WWE Tag Team Championship. They lost the championships to Kofi Kingston and R-Truth on the April 30 episode of "Raw".

paragraphs: On the September 30 edition of "Raw", Epico and Primo changed their gimmicks and debuted as Los Matadores, as a face team of two masked Spanish bullfighters with El Torito as their mascot. They defeated 3MB in their debut.


title: United States debt ceiling

paragraphs: The United States debt ceiling is a limit set by congress that tells how much money the government can borrow at any given time. Its basic purpose is to try to lower the national debt or prevent excessive borrowing. The debt ceiling was created in 1917 under the Second Liberty Bond Act. It was designed to fund the US as it entered World War I. Before the creation of the debt ceiling, the president determined how much debt could be incurred in a given time. This was changed in 1917 to prevent the president from having too much borrowing power. The debt ceiling in 2011 was 14.3 trillion dollars.


title: Public-private partnership

paragraphs: A public-private partnership is a contract between the public sector, or government, and a private company. The purpose for such public-private partnerships is to provide public services, like education and transportation. This is without changing the private business into a government-operated service. One way of doing this is to allow the government to pay the business for providing free services to the public. The business provides the services for free and then charges the government for compensation, in which the government agrees. Supporters of public-private partnerships argue that it reduces inefficiency and provides the free market with greater flexibility.


title: Kill the DJ

paragraphs: "Kill the DJ" is the second single off American punk rock band Green Day's ninth studio album "¡Uno!". The song was released on August 14, 2012. The song is influenced from dance music which Green Day has never attempted before.

paragraphs: The video features Green Day riding motorcycles through the desert going towards a nightclub in a black-and-white clip. When they perform at the club, two girls begin fighting and bottles get broken. At the end, the two girls end up with blood on their faces and clothes while they dance.


title: Awesome as Fuck

paragraphs: Awesome as Fuck (also stylized as Awesome as F**k or Awesome as ****) is the second live album by American punk rock band, Green Day. "Awesome as Fuck" was released on March 22, 2011.

paragraphs: It has songs from Green Day's 2009–2010 21st Century Breakdown World Tour which was in support for their eighth studio album "21st Century Breakdown". It also contains a DVD of a concert that was recorded at the Saitama Super Arena in Saitama, Japan.


title: Poldine Carlo

paragraphs: Poldine Demoski Carlo (December 5, 1920 – May 9, 2018) was an American author. She was an elder of the Koyukon people of Alaska.

paragraphs: She was a founding member of the Fairbanks Native Association (FNA). She was on the Alaska Bicentennial Commission (ABC) board. She was a consultant for the Tanana Chiefs Conference (TCC). She is the author of "Nulato: An Indian Life on the Yukon". The book was dedicated to her son, Stewart, who died in 1975 in an auto accident.

paragraphs: Carlo was born on December 5, 1920 in Nulato, Territory of Alaska. She married William "Bill" Carlo in 1940. They have eight children, five sons (William, Jr., Kenny, Walter, Glenn, and Stewart) and three daughters (Dorothy, Lucy, and Kathleen). She lives in Fairbanks, Alaska. A building in downtown Fairbanks, owned by the FNA, was named the Poldine Carlo Building in her honor. She died on May 9, 2018 in Fairbanks, Alaska at the age of 97.


title: Pope Adeodatus II

paragraphs: Pope Adeodatus II (??? − 17 June 676), also known as Deodatus II, was pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 11 April 672 until he died in 676.

paragraphs: Very little information is known about him but most surviving records say that he was known for being generous, especially when it came to the poor and to pilgrims. He was a Benedictine. He was already an elderly man when he was elected pope and did not really accomplish much during his four year reign as pope.


title: AMOLED

paragraphs: AMOLED (Active Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode) is a display technology mainly used in mobile phones, televisions and other electronic devices with a screen. An AMOLED display uses an active matrix of organic light-emitting diodes (OLED) that emits light when an electrical signal is present.

paragraphs: As of 2008, AMOLED technology was used in phones, media players, and digital cameras. They are starting to be used more in low-power, cheaper and large-sized applications as well.

paragraphs: OLEDs work just like a regular LED except the diodes in OLEDs are thinner. Other type of displays, such as LCDs, require an external light source (backlighting) to illuminate the screen whereas OLED displays do not. Energy efficiency is also an advantage of AMOLED displays. It is more energy efficient than LED and other types of displays. This is because AMOLED displays generate less heat while emitting light, allowing for less energy being lost during heat transfer. It is energy efficient in its ability to consume less power as well. It can be utilized well for portable consumer electronic devices, where good battery-life is essential. Because of this efficiency, AMOLED displays can also be considered eco-friendly. Compared to other types of displays, AMOLED displays can produce high refresh rates although LCD leads in that specific area. AMOLED displays also allow to be folded, which manufacturers use to make bezel-less screens that fold behind the display.

paragraphs: AMOLED displays are prone to screen burn-ins, which leaves a permanent imprint of overused colors from overused images. The imprint only happens if the screen is used at maximum brightness for a long time. Because of the organic compounds of its technology too, unlike light diodes or inorganic crystalline, AMOLED displays are highly susceptible to water damage. Putting the display in water would result in immediate colour and pixel damage. Thus, sealing techniques must be taken into consideration during the manufacturing process.

paragraphs: Because of AMOLED’s reduced maximum brightness and lack of backlighting, AMOLED displays may be difficult to view in direct sunlight compared to LCDs.. However, there are solutions to this problem. Samsung, for example, fixes this problem by reducing the size of gaps between layers of the screen.

paragraphs: AMOLED Screens have been marketed in various ways by different companies. Apple refers their AMOLED displays as “Super Retina HD” while Samsung refers to theirs as “Super AMOLED”. Motorola, HTC, Google and all the other device makers market in different ways even though most of their screens are created by Samsung, which controls 98% of the AMOLED display market.

paragraphs: Manufacturers have tried to address the disadvantages of AMOLED display technology. Samsung has announced their launch of the world’s first stretchable touchscreen display with a 9:1 inch dynamic stretchable AMOLED display. The new screen is based off of LTPS (Low Temperature Polycrystalline Silicon) technology, which helps with deforming necessary pixels for stretching.  AU Optronics, an electronics manufacturer in Taiwan, has also made moves to develop in-cell touch panels into AMOLED display’s fabrication process.


title: John Henson

paragraphs: John Henson (April 25, 1965 — February 14, 2014) was an American puppeteer. He was born in Saugerties, New York. He was a performer of The Muppets. Puppeteers Jim and Jane Henson were his parents.

paragraphs: Henson died on Valentine's Day 2014 after having a heart attack.


title: Mike Von Erich

paragraphs: Michael Brett Adkisson (March 2, 1964 — April 12, 1987) was an American professional wrestler. He was better known under the ring name Mike Von Erich. He was a member of the famous Von Erich family. His father was Fritz Von Erich, a wrestling promoter and professional wrestler. Mike made his professional wrestling debut on November 24, 1983. Unlike his older brothers, however, he never wanted to do wrestling (according to certain wrestlers tied to Mike, including his brother Kevin).

paragraphs: In 1985, Von Erich was diagnosed with toxic shock syndrome (rare among men). The condition caused brain damage that then affected his behavior and overall performing abilities.

paragraphs: In April 1987, he was arrested for drunk driving and drug charges. A few days later, Mike wrote and left a suicide note for his family, went to Lake Dallas and overdosed on Placidyl and alcohol. His body was found four days later.


title: Polymyalgia rheumatica

paragraphs: Polymyalgia rheumatica ("PMR", sometimes called just polymyalgia) is a syndrome or condition. It causes pain in the joints and muscles of the upper body. Most people with PMR have pain during the morning. Sometimes the pain is in the late afternoon or evening. About 15% of people having PMR may also have temporal arteritis.

paragraphs: PMR affects more women than men. PMR usually happens in people age fifty and older. People under age 50 can be affected, although only rarely.

paragraphs: One blood test usually performed is the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) which measures how fast the patient's red blood cells settle in a test tube. The faster the blood cells settle, the higher the ESR value, which means inflammation is present.

paragraphs: Prednisone is the drug of choice for PMR. Treatment duration is often more than one year. If the patient does not experience dramatic improvement after three days of 10–20 mg oral prednisone per day, the diagnosis should be reconsidered. Sometimes relief of symptoms occurs in only several hours.


title: Osteology

paragraphs: Osteology is the scientific study of bones, practiced by osteologists. It is a part of anatomy and is used by workers in palaeontology, anthropology, and archeology.

paragraphs: Osteology studies the skeleton, and other bony structures. It includes the study of the structure of bones, teeth, their function and growth. It is often used by scientists for the identification of vertebrate remains, including the age, death, sex, and development.


title: Gas gangrene

paragraphs: Gas gangrene is a bacterial problem. It produces gas over tissues where there is gangrene. This condition is an medical emergency. Sepsis can happen with this condition.


title: Slite

paragraphs: Slite is a locality situated in Gotland Municipality, Gotland County, Sweden. In 2010, 1,483 people lived there. For a long time Slite was an important place for trade and business; nowadays tourism is an important source of income but also industry with stone and gravel, producing concrete from raw material of limestone from nearby quarries.


title: Roma, Gotland

paragraphs: Roma (also referred to as Romakloster) is a locality (Swedish "tätort") in Gotland Municipality, Gotland County, Sweden. In 2010, 913 people lived there.

paragraphs: In 1995 the locality known as Roma was divided by Statistics Sweden into a part with the tentative name of "Roma kyrkby" or "Lövsta" (pop. 277) and the remaining part that retained the name "Roma" (pop. 913), but is using to as "Romakloster" as postal address.

paragraphs: Some confusion is caused by the fact that Lövsta/Roma kyrkby has been referred to as "Roma" in the statistical figures since 2000.


title: Servants' quarters

paragraphs: Servants' quarters are those parts of a building, traditionally in a private house, which contain the domestic offices and staff accommodation. From the late 17th century until the late 19th/early 20th century they were a common feature in many large houses.


title: Dinosaur renaissance

paragraphs: Dinosaur renaissance is a term coined in a 1975 issue of "Scientific American" by Robert Bakker to describe the renewed interest in paleontology. This has lasted from the 1970s to the present. It was caused by a great increase in dinosaur discoveries, and by new ideas of how they lived.

paragraphs: The "renaissance", a word which means "rebirth", changed how dinosaurs pictured both by professional illustrators, and in the public eye.

paragraphs: John Ostrom's 1964 discovery of "Deinonychus" is one of the most important fossil finds. "Deinonychus" was an active predator that clearly killed its prey by leaping and slashing or stabbing with its "terrible claw". Evidence of a truly active lifestyle included long strings of tendons running along the tail, making it a stiff counterbalance for jumping and running. One conclusion was that at least some dinosaurs had a high metabolism, and so in some cases were warm-blooded. This was popularized by Ostrom's student Robert Bakker. The impression of dinosaurs as being slow, cold-blooded, small-brained reptiles needed to be rethought, at least for some of the carnivores.

paragraphs: The discovery of new feathered dinosaurs in China has kept the field in the forefront of research and populat attention. Lower Cretaceous geological formations in the northeastern Chinese province of Liaoning are especially noteworthy. The animals found there are known as the Jehol biota.


title: Maria I of Portugal

paragraphs: Maria I (English: "Mary I") (17 December 1734 – 20 March 1816) was the Queen of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves. Known as Maria the Pious (in Portugal), or Maria the Mad (in Brazil), she was the first undisputed Queen (in her own right) of Portugal. Her court, then under the direction of her eldest son and heir Dom João, the , moved to the then Portuguese colony of Brazil. Later on, Brazil would be elevated from the rank of a colony to that of a Kingdom. This led to the formation of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves.

paragraphs: Maria was born at the Ribeira Royal Palace in Lisbon. On the day of her birth, her grandfather, King João V, created her the Princess of Beira. She was the eldest of all her four siblings.

paragraphs: When her father succeeded to the throne in 1750 as José I, Maria became his heiress presumptive and was given the traditional titles of Princess of Brazil and Duchess of Braganza. She was also an Infanta of Portugal from birth and thus entitled to the style of Royal Highness. She grew up during the dominating Marquis of Pombal

paragraphs: In 1760 Maria married her uncle Pedro, younger brother of her father Jose I. They had six children, of whom the eldest surviving son succeeded Maria as João VI on her death in 1816.


title: Gabriela Isler

paragraphs: Maria Gabriela Isler (born 21 March 1988 in Valencia, Carabobo) is a Venezuelan beauty queen. On 9 November 2013, she was crowned Miss Universe 2013 in Moscow, Russia.


title: Eugène Ionesco

paragraphs: Eugène Ionesco (26 November 1909 – 28 March 1994) was a Romanian playwright. He wrote in French. He was born in Slatina, Romania. He was one of the most important people in French avant-garde theatre. His best-known play is "La Cantatrice Chauve" ("The Bald Soprano"). It has often been acted on stage and has been on TV.

paragraphs: On April 30, 1973, Ionesco received the Jerusalem Prize, In 1974 he was given an honorary doctorate degree by the University of Warwick in Coventry, England. A year later he received a second honorary doctorate from the University of Tel Aviv. He died at age 84 on 28 March 1994. He is buried in the Cimetière du Montparnasse in Paris.

paragraphs: Many books have been written about Ionesco.


title: Borhyaena

paragraphs: Borhyaena is an extinct genus of metatherians. It lived in South America between 20 and 15 million years ago.

paragraphs: Borhyaena ate meat. It hunted buffalo, wildebeest and mastodons.


title: Blight

paragraphs: Blight refers to way plants wither when infected. It is a rapid and complete chlorosis, browning, then death of plant tissues such as leaves, branches, twigs, or flowers. Various diseases which cause the symptom are known as blights. Several notable examples are:


title: Frankie Kao

paragraphs: Kao Ling-feng or Kao Ling-feng (; 28 February 1950 – 17 February 2014) was a Taiwanese singer. He was best known for the song "Flaming Phoenix" (火鳳凰). His birth name was 葛元誠 ("Gé Yuánchéng"). He used the nickname The Frog Prince (青蛙王子 "Qīngwā Wángzi") for more than three decades. The name was given to him by his close friend, comedian Ni Min-jan.

paragraphs: During the height of his career, Frankie Kao received NT$240,000 cash per night for appearances. He stopped singing at his peak and went into business. His business venture went badly and he returned to his entertainment career.

paragraphs: Kao died on 17 February 2014 in Xindian District, New Taipei City. He was 63.


title: American lion

paragraphs: The American lion ("Panthera leo" or "P. atrox") is also known as Naegele’s giant jaguar or American cave lion. It is an extinct species of lion which lived in North America during the Pleistocene (340,000 years ago to 11,000 years ago). It existed for about 330,000 thousand years.

paragraphs: The American lion belonged to the family Felidae. By analysing the species' genes, scientists have shown that it shared the same ancestor as the Eurasian cave lion ("Panthera leo spelaea" or "P. spelaea"). Most remains have come from the La Brea tar pits.

paragraphs: The American lion was large, slightly larger than the early middle Pleistocene cave lion, "P. leo fossilis" and about 25% larger than the modern African lion. There is no evidence that it was a social hunter like the modern lion, and that may explain its size.

paragraphs: "Panthera leo atrox" hunted large mammals such as horses, camels, bison and mammoth.


title: Tennessee State University

paragraphs: Tennessee State University is a university in Nashville, Tennessee. It is a historically black university, which means that it was founded to educate African American students.

paragraphs: The university opened in 1909. Its name, "Tennessee State University" was first used in 1968.


title: Boston University

paragraphs: Boston University (also called Boston U or BU) is a private university in Boston, Massachusetts. The university has more than 3,800 members and 33,000 students, BU is one of Boston's largest employers. It offers bachelor's degrees, master's degrees, and doctorates, and medical, dental, business, and law degrees. Boston University has eighteen schools and colleges on two urban campuses. Boston University traces its roots to the Newbury Biblical Institute in Newbury, Vermont. It was started in 1839. In 1869 the school moved to Boston under the name "Boston University".


title: Fayetteville State University

paragraphs: Fayetteville State University is a historically black university in Fayetteville, North Carolina. It is part of the University of North Carolina System.

paragraphs: This school began in 1867. The name "Fayetteville State University" was first used in 1969.


title: Fayetteville, North Carolina

paragraphs: Fayetteville is a large city in southeast North Carolina. In 2013, 204,408 people lived there. It has grown a lot in the past few decades.

paragraphs: Fort Bragg is an army base north of Fayetteville. It provides over 15,000 jobs to people in Fayetteville.

paragraphs: Fayetteville State University, Carolina College of Biblical Studies, and Methodist University are in Fayetteville.


title: Jimmy Murakami

paragraphs: Teruaki "Jimmy" Murakami, (村上輝明　"Murakami Teruaki", June 5, 1933 – February 16, 2014) was a Japanese American animator and director. He is best-known for the animated adaptations of the Raymond Briggs books "When the Wind Blows" and "The Snowman". He formed Murakami-Wolf Films with Fred Wolf.


title: Anthony Davis (basketball)

paragraphs: Anthony Davis, Jr. (born March 11, 1993) is an American professional basketball player. He plays for the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association (NBA) since 2012. He plays power forward and center.

paragraphs: Davis was born on March 11, 1993 in Chicago, Illinois.


title: Shaun White

paragraphs: Shaun Roger White (born September 3, 1986) is an American professional snowboarder and skateboarder. He is a two-time Olympic gold medalist. He holds the X Games records for gold medals and highest overall medal count. He has also won 10 ESPY Awards.

paragraphs: White was born in San Diego, California on September 3, 1986. His ancestry includes Irish and Italian.


title: Shaw Taylor

paragraphs: Shaw Taylor MBE (26 October 1924 – 17 March 2015) was a British actor and television presenter. He had many acting roles in movie and television since the 1950s. He presented many game shows including "Password", "Tell the Truth", "Dotto", "This Is Your Chance" and "The Law Game" (BBC Radio 2).

paragraphs: Taylor died at his Totland, Isle of Wight home, aged 90.


title: Haigazian University

paragraphs: Haigazian University (; ) is a university in Beirut, Lebanon. It opened in 1955. It offers Bachelor's degrees in the Arts and Sciences, Business Administration and Economics. It also offers Master's degrees in the Arts, Sciences and Business Administration.

paragraphs: The university is supported by the Armenian Evangelical Church. It was opened for the Armenian community in Lebanon. However, it is open to students of all nationalities.


title: Lucía Topolansky

paragraphs: Lucía Topolansky Saavedra (born September 25, 1944) is a Uruguayan senator. She is the wife of Uruguay's President José Mujica. She was the Vice President of Uruguay from September 2017 to March 2020, after Raúl Fernando Sendic's resignation.


title: Hurricane Manuel

paragraphs: Hurricane Manuel (pronounced ) was a tropical cyclone in 2013. It crossed western Mexico between September 13 and 19, 2013 at the same time that Hurricane Ingrid was coming to Mexico from the other side.

paragraphs: Damage from Manuel totaled $4.2 billion (2013 USD). About 169 people died.


title: Christopher Malcolm

paragraphs: Christopher "Chris" Malcolm (19 August 1946 – 15 February 2014) was a Scottish actor, director and producer. He began his career in 1968. He had many different roles in movies, television shows, and musical theatre such as "The Empire Strikes Back", "Absolutely Fabulous" and "The Rocky Horror Show".

paragraphs: He was born in Aberdeen, Scotland. He was brought up in Canada after his family emigrated to Vernon, British Columbia in the late 1940s.

paragraphs: Malcolm died from cancer on 15 February 2014, aged 67, in London, England. He was outlived by his wife, actress Judy Lloyd, and their three children. His death was reported by his daughter, Morgan.


title: North–South Express Railway (Vietnam)

paragraphs: The North–South Express Railway () is a proposed high-speed railway in Vietnam. It would start in Hanoi and end in Ho Chi Minh City. It is proposed to have a length of .


title: Police dog

paragraphs: A police dog (also called a K-9) is a dog trained to help police and other law enforcement people. German Shepherds are the most common breed, but other breeds are also used. If a police dog is killed in duty, it is usually given a full police funeral. K-9s are often given their own ballistic vests, and some are given their own police IDs and badges.

paragraphs: A police dog may be trained to do one special thing, or a few different things. Common K-9 jobs include:

paragraphs: There are also specialized police dogs, who are used only for a specific job because they have special skills or training for that job. For example:

paragraphs: Different breeds of police dogs tend to be good at different things. However, any good police dog should be intelligent, aggressive, strong, and have a good sense of smell. Many police dogs are male and unneutered (because neutering can make a dog less aggressive). However, there are female police dogs, which are used for rescue, tracking, and locating bombs and drugs. German Shepherd Dogs and Belgian Malinois are the most commonly used; however, other dog breeds (and their specialties) include:


title: Subdistricts of Mandatory Palestine

paragraphs: Mandatory Palestine had 18 districts. Two of them existed only until 1945.


title: Dara Howell

paragraphs: Dara Howell (born August 23, 1994 in Huntsville, Ontario) is a Canadian freestyle skier. She skied for Canada at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi and became the first freestyle skier to win a gold medal in slopestyle at the inaugural event. She has also competed in women's slopestyle at the Winter X Games XVII in Aspen, Colorado where she won a bronze medal.

paragraphs: Howell dedicated her win to Sarah Burke and said: "Oh, my God. I don't know what to say. I can't believe it. It is so surreal and I am so happy to win a gold medal for Canada. I don't think it will hit me until later. It is truly amazing. There are a number of really good girls out there and I came out on top. This is the best moment in my entire life...I said it earlier this week, I hope a Canadian brings home a gold medal for Sarah. I can't believe it's me. It's totally for Sarah and I cannot believe it."


title: Tarsal formula

paragraphs: The tarsal formula is the number of segments on the tarsi of arthropods. The tarsus is the bottom part of an arthropod's legs, see diagram.

paragraphs: The formula has 3 numbers a-b-c, starting with the front leg (a), then the middle leg (b), then the hind leg (c). For example, a tarsal formula of "5-5-4" means there are 5 segments in the fore leg's tarsi, 5 segments in the middle leg's tarsi, and 4 segments in the hind leg's tarsi. This character is especially useful at family rank and higher.

paragraphs: The characteristic is useful when identifying insects.


title: Leaf beetle

paragraphs: Leaf beetles are the family Chrysomelidae. There are over 35,000 species in more than 2,500 genera, so it is one of the largest and most common of all beetle families. Many subfamilies are recognized.

paragraphs: Leaf beetles have a tarsal formula which appears to be 4-4-4, but is actually 5-5-5. Some are difficult to tell from long-horned beetles (family Cerambycidae): it is done by the antennae "not" arising from frontal tubercles.

paragraphs: Adult and larval leaf beetles feed on all sorts of plant tissue. Their diversity has run parallel with that of the Angiosperms. Many are serious pests of cultivated plants, for example the Colorado potato beetle ("Leptinotarsa decemlineata"), the asparagus beetle ("Crioceris asparagi"), the cereal leaf beetle ("Oulema melanopus"), and various flea beetles. A few act as vectors of plant diseases. Others can be used as biocontrol of invasive weeds. Most Chrysomelidae are conspicuously coloured, often in glossy yellow to red or metallic blue-green hues. Some (especially Cassidinae) have spectacularly bizarre shapes. They are highly popular among insect collectors.

paragraphs: Records from the Cretaceous period are scarce: only three records are known. An early Cretaceous origin from a more general form is suggested by Grimaldi and Engel. Then came an Upper Cretaceous divergence of Chrysolmelid sub-groups, and adaptive radiation connected to that of the flowering plants.


title: House of Braganza

paragraphs: The House of Braganza (Portuguese: Casa de Bragança; Portuguese pronunciation: [bɾɐˈɣɐ̃sɐ]), officially the Most Serene House of Braganza (Portuguese: "Sereníssima Casa de Bragança"), is an important imperial, royal, and noble house (dynasty) of Portuguese origin. It is a branch of the House of Aviz. The House changed from being powerful dukes of Portuguese nobility, to ruling as the monarchs of Portugal and the Algarves, from 1640 to 1910. They were also monarchs of Brazil, from 1815 to 1889. The heir to the Portuguese throne was usually given the title of "Duke of Braganza".

paragraphs: The House of Braganza was founded in 1442. This is when Afonso, 8th Count of Barcelos, was made Duke of Braganza. Alfonso (Alfonso I) was an illegitimate son of King João I of Portugal, of the House of Aviz. He was made a duke by his nephew, King Afonso V of Portugal. The feudal dukes quickly collected a fortune in properties, titles, and power. By the mid 1600s, the House was the most powerful in all of Portugal. It was also of the greatest houses of Iberia.

paragraphs: The House of Braganza became the reigning house of Brazil, first, when the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves was created in 1815. The United Kingdom lasted until 1822, when the Brazilian Empire became independent from Portugal. The new Brazilian nation was led by Prince Pedro of Braganza, heir to the Portuguese throne, who ruled as Emperor Pedro I of Brazil, as well as King Pedro IV of Portugal. Until 1835, the Portuguese Braganzas were still in the line of succession to the Brazilian throne. The House was deposed (removed) from the Brazilian throne, in 1889, when Brazil was proclaimed a republic.

paragraphs: The House continued to be the house to the Brazilian throne until 1921. This is when Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil, daughter of Emperor Pedro II of Brazil, died. Her claim passed to her son, Prince Pedro Henrique of Orléans and Braganza. Thus the House of Orléans-Braganza became the claimant house to the former monarchy of Brazil. Pedro Henrique died in 1981. The current claimant is his eldest son, Prince Luiz.

paragraphs: In Portugal, King Carlos I of Portugal was assassinated in 1908. Also killed in the attack was his eldest son. His younger son, Manuel II, became king. When the Portuguese Republic was established, in 1910, King Manuel II and the rest of the Braganzas went into exile.


title: Sotkamo

paragraphs: Sotkamo is a municipality in the region of Kainuu, Finland. In January 2014, it had a population of over 10,650. It covers an area of .

paragraphs: Neighbouring municipalities are Kajaani, Kuhmo, Nurmes, Paltamo, Rautavaara, Ristijärvi, Sonkajärvi and Valtimo.

paragraphs: Hiidenportti National Park is in Sotkamo.


title: Nurmes

paragraphs: Nurmes is a city in North Karelia, Finland. As of January 2014, almost 8,200 people lived there. Nearby municipalities are Juuka, Kuhmo, Lieksa, Rautavaara, Sotkamo and Valtimo.


title: Juuka

paragraphs: Juuka, (), is a municipality in North Karelia, Finland. In January 2014, over 5,190 people lived there. Neighbouring municipalities are Juankoski, Kaavi, Kontiolahti, Lieksa, Nurmes, Polvijärvi and Rautavaara.

paragraphs: Ahmovaara, Halivaara (Hali), Juuka, Kannas, Kajoo, Kuhnusta, Larinsaari, Matara, Nunnanlahti, Paalasmaa, Petrovaara, Pihlajavaara, Polvela, Raholanvaara (Rahola), Timovaara, Tuopanjoki, Vaikko, Vuokko.


title: Common yabby

paragraphs: The common yabby, "Cherax destructor", is an Australian freshwater crustacean. It is in the Parastacidae family. It is listed as a vulnerable species of crayfish by the World Conservation Union (IUCN). But wild yabby populations remain strong, and have expanded into new habitats created by reservoirs and farm dams.

paragraphs: Its common name of "yabby" is also applied to many other Australian "Cherax" species of crustacean. The name is also applied marine ghost shrimp of the infra-order Thalassinidea. Yabbies occasionally reach up to 30 cm (12 in) in length but are more commonly 10–20 cm (4–8 in) long.

paragraphs: Colour is highly variable and depends on water clarity (how clear it is) and habitat. Yabbies can range from black, blue-black or dark brown in clear waters to light brown, green-brown or beige in dark waters. Yabbies specifically bred to be a vibrant blue colour are now popular in the aquarium trade in Australia.


title: Harley Race

paragraphs: Harley Leland Race (April 11, 1943 – August 1, 2019) was an American retired professional wrestler. He was best known for wrestling for the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA), American Wrestling Association (AWA), World Wrestling Federation (WWF), and World Championship Wrestling (WCW).

paragraphs: He was one of only six people to be inducted into each of the WWE Hall of Fame, the WCW Hall of Fame, the Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame and the Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame.

paragraphs: On March 1, 2019, Race's close friend Ric Flair announced that Race was diagnosed with terminal lung cancer. He died five months later on August 1 from the disease in St. Charles, Missouri, aged 76.


title: Operating reserve

paragraphs: In electrical grid, operating reserve is the ability of the power generation to respond for any power loss or power failure at the load side in a relatively short time to avoid long power shortage.

paragraphs: Operating reserve is made of spinning reserve and non-spinning reserve.


title: Rautavesi

paragraphs: Rautavesi is a lake in western Finland. It is in Sastamala in the Pirkanmaa region.


title: Voltage regulation

paragraphs: In electrical engineering, voltage regulation is a measure of the difference in voltage between the sending and receiving ends of a transmission system or distribution system. On one end of these systems is the source, where the power is received, and on the other end is the load, where the power is sent to. Voltage regulation involves measuring the difference in the voltage at each end.

paragraphs: Electric utility companies use some electrical equipment to maintain the voltage constant magnitude value transmitted or distributed along the power line, such as tap changer, voltage regulator, capacitor etc.


title: Sastamala

paragraphs: Sastamala is a city in Pirkanmaa, Finland. As of January 2014, almost 25,500 people lived there. Nearby municipalities are Huittinen, Hämeenkyrö, Ikaalinen, Kankaanpää, Kokemäki , Lavia, Nokia, Punkalaidun, Ulvila, Urjala and Vesilahti.

paragraphs: Sileekallio, Hoipola, Jaara, Häijää and Mustianoja

paragraphs: In July 2011 in Sastamala was opened Museum called Pukstaavi "Suomalaisen kirjan museo", museum of Finish book. Museum is national and tells generally about culture history and social meaning of Finnish book.


title: Tianhe-2

paragraphs: Tianhe-2 is a supercomputer built by the National University of Defense Technology in China. It can do more than 33,862 million million operations every second. It is the fastest computer in the world. It is twice as fast as the Tianhe-1, the previous fastest supercomputer. It is predicted to become even faster by 2015, reaching speeds of 100,000 million million operations every second. The computer's name means "milky way". The building of Tianhe-2 was expected to be finished in 2015, but was finished in 2013 instead. Proposed applications for the supercomputer include physics-related applications, such as studying combustion and magnetism. It is also being used to model the atmosphere.

paragraphs: It has been said that Tianhe-2 "may be too powerful for most tasks".

paragraphs: Tianhe-2 can do 33,862 trillion operations per second. It could possibly do 54,900 trillion operations per second. It uses more than three million processor cores. The supercomputer uses 17.8 million watts of power. The cost of construction was 2.4 billion yuan.

paragraphs: Tianhe-2 has been ranked at the top of the Top500 list twice, in June 2013 and November 2013.


title: Fossil-fuel power station

paragraphs: A fossil-fuel power station is a power station that makes electricity by burning certain fuels. Its machines change the heat energy that comes from burning the fuels into mechanical energy. The mechanical energy is then used to work an electrical generator. The generator makes the electricity. The fuels used in these kind of power stations are fossil fuels, such as coal and natural gas, which when burnt give off carbon dioxide, which is a greenhouse gas. Fossil-fuel power stations are the biggest cause of global warming.


title: Hague Adoption Convention

paragraphs: The Hague Convention on Protection of Children and Co-operation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption (or simply Hague Adoption Convention), provides certain protections to children. It guarantees the protection of children from child trafficking. It also guarantees them safe adoption and a quick adoption process.

paragraphs: In May 1993 the proposal was presented at the seventeenth session of The Hague Convention. It became effective in 1995. The United States ratified the Hague Adoption Convention in December of 2007. Forty-six countries had ratified the treaty as of May of 2002. Thirteen more had yet to ratify it. Many countries which have not ratified the Convention do not permit foreign adoptions of their children nor adoptions of foreign children. For example Muslim countries do not permit foreign adoptions.

paragraphs: Adopting children from one country into a family from another is a relatively new idea. It developed after World War II. By the 1970s it became a fairly common event. But it was soon recognized this was creating a number of legal and human problems. There were few domestic and international laws that adequately protected children's rights. The Hague Adoption Convention of 1993 addressed these concerns. The Convention gave the responsibility of providing the protection against child trafficking, safe adoption and a quick adoption process to the countries and to adoption agencies.

paragraphs: The convention also raised several ethical concerns. In a normal domestic adoption the child loses connections and identification with their biological family. In an international adoption a child may also lose identification with their nationality and ethnicity. Adoptions that span countries should be considered only after all efforts to place adopted children within their own country. UNICEF, by comparison, does not encourage international adoptions. They encourage nations to adopt within their own country.

paragraphs: There has been a sharp decline in international adoptions in the last few years. Romania, for one, has ended all foreign adoptions. Belarus and the Ukraine closed foreign adoptions for 2007. The 5000 adoptions from China in 2005 dropped to 4000 in 2006. Wars and natural disasters were the reasons for massive adoptions from the affected countries in the past. But the international community is no longer in favor of this as a solution. Adoptions from Africa are increasing, however. The number of Orphans from Liberia and Ethiopia have increased from 2006–2008. But the costs to adopt a child from another country have risen. This is due in part to the steps taken by the convention to prevent abuse of the system.


title: Justine Dufour-Lapointe

paragraphs: Justine Dufour-Lapointe (born March 25, 1994 in Montreal, Quebec) is a Canadian freestyle skier. She skied in the moguls events for Canada at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi where she won a gold medal. Her sister Chloé Dufour-Lapointe also won a silver medal in the event which was the first time that Canadian sisters stood together on the podium. When she won the gold medal, she became the youngest freestyle skiing Olympic champion ever at 19. She also won a bronze medal in the moguls event at the 2013 FIS World Championships. It was the first gold medal win for Canada at the 2014 Winter Olympics.


title: Equal Pay Act of 1963

paragraphs: The Equal Pay Act of 1963 is a Federal law that amends the Fair Labor Standards Act. It prohibits wage based solely on gender. It was signed into law on June 10, 1963 by John F. Kennedy, who at that time was President of the United States. The principle was equal pay for equal work regardless of sex.

paragraphs: In 1868 a major objective of the Knights of Labor was equal pay for men and women. During World War I and World War II the National War Labor Board had the power to set labor standards for American businesses. During the Korean War the Wage Stabilization Board set these standards. In all three cases they set equal pay policies for both sexes during . During the war, Rosie the Riveter was paid the same wage as males doing the same job. In 1919 two states, Michigan and Montana, passed equal pay laws. But it wasn't until after World War II that any other states followed their examples. The United States Women's Bureau, a part of the United States Department of Labor, was established in 1920. Since their start they have pushed for equal pay. In 1952 the National Committee for Equal Pay was established as a coalition of several woman's, labor, business, and civic group|groups. They began a campaign for new laws requiring equal pay. In 1945 the 79th Congress introduced an equal pay bill that did not pass. It was 18 years later when the 88th Congress passed such legislation. It was called the Equal Pay Act of 1963.

paragraphs: As an amendment to the Fair Labor Standards Act, the Equal Pay Act of 1963 made it against Federal law to discriminate against workers on the basis of gender. This is when "tasks require equal skill, effort, and responsibility under similar working conditions." President John F. Kennedy signed this into law on June, 10 1963. At the ceremony held in the Oval Office of the White House president Kennedy gave special recognition to several groups and individuals who worked towards this law. Among those honored were Congresswomen Edna Kelly and Edith Green, Assistant Secretary of Labor Esther Peterson, National Council of Negro Women President Dr. Dorothy Height and Business and Professional Women's Foundation President Dr. Minnie Miles.

paragraphs: The act passed largely due to Congress recognizing the changing in the United States. Male-supported households were becoming obsolete as more women entered the workforce. Higher divorce rates meant more female-supported households. But in the 1960s women earned only 60 cents for every dollar paid to male workers. The Equal Pay Act was intended as part of the solution to unequal pay. The Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title VII, added more to the Equal Pay Act by making it unlawful to discriminate based on race "or" sex. Title VII also added White-collar worker to the Act.

paragraphs: By the 1970s women were earning 75 cents per male-earned dollar. According to US Department of Labor statistics, in 2007 the rate was still at about 75 cents. The gap between college educated women and college educated men has actually widened slightly. In Fortune 500 companies (top US corporations) women still hold only about 17% of top positions. As of 2010 the Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that women who worked earned about 81 cents for every (full-time) male-earned dollar.


title: Chloé Dufour-Lapointe

paragraphs: Chloé Dufour-Lapointe (born December 2, 1991 in Montreal, Quebec) is a Canadian freestyle skier. She skied in the moguls events for Canada at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi where she won a silver medal. Her sister Justine Dufour-Lapointe also won a gold medal in the event which was the first time that Canadian sisters stood together on the podium. She also competed at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver where she placed fifth on February 13, 2010.


title: Jincheng

paragraphs: Jincheng Township () is a township in the Republic of China. It is the capital of Kinmen County and Fujian Province.


title: Miranda v. Arizona

paragraphs: Miranda v. Arizona, , was a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court. The Court ruled that a suspect in police custody must be informed of the right to consult with an attorney before and during questioning. They must be informed of the right against self-incrimination. They must also make certain the suspect understands these rights.

paragraphs: The Miranda warning (often abbreviated to "Miranda," or "Mirandizing" a suspect) is the name of the formal warning that is required to be given by police in the United States to criminal suspects. It must be given before they are interrogated, in accordance with the "Miranda" ruling. Its purpose is to ensure the accused are aware of these rights under the U.S. Constitution. Also so they know they know they can invoke them at any time during the interview.

paragraphs: On 13 March 1963, Ernesto Miranda was arrested by police officers in Phoenix, Arizona. Miranda asked why he was being arrested but was given no answer. At the time of his arrest he was not charged with any crime. Ten days earlier an 18-year old girl claimed she had been sexually assaulted. When she talked to the police, her story changed several times. A few days later she was leaving work and saw a suspicious car she thought might be the same as the one used in her assault. A partial license plate led police to arrest and question Miranda. In a lineup, the girl could not identify her attacker but thought he looked similar to Miranda. During the interview with Miranda, police told the suspect he failed the lineup. After hours of interrogation Miranda finally signed a confession. Police also got Miranda to confess to two other cases of abduction and robbery which "cleared" two more cases.

paragraphs: The case of Ernesto Miranda and three other similar cases were heard before the Supreme Court. All four defendants did not have attorneys present when they were questioned. The decision was announced on 13 June 1966 by Chief Justice Earl Warren. Because of the important changes it made, he read the entire sixty pages. Four justices disagreed with the ruling. Their argument was that all the defendants confessed. Their opinion was that allowing lawyers in interrogations would prevent most suspects from confessing.

paragraphs: As a result Ernesto Miranda's first conviction was overturned but he faced a second trial on sexual assault and kidnapping charges in 1967. His confession could not be used against him but the prosecutor got Miranda's girlfriend to testify he told her he did it. She said it happened three days after his police confession. He was found guilty and got the same sentence again.

paragraphs: There are some 17,000 police departments in the United States. They use any of hundreds of different versions of the Miranda warning. These range from a few words to over 400. One reason is that many fall into vulnerable groups who do not always understand written or oral Miranda warnings. These include those who are deaf, do not speak or read English well, juveniles, mentally ill, and or the mentally challenged. The courts have been less than protective of the rights of these groups who may not have understood their Miranda rights.

paragraphs: Like the Miranda warnings, other countries have written rights they give to suspects before police begin their questioning. They have procedures to insure a confession is valid in their court systems. The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms for example, provides that if someone is arrested they have certain rights. These are to be promptly told why they were arrested, told they have a right to retain legal council and the right of proof of habeas corpus (or be released from custody).


title: Dutch Low Saxon Wikipedia

paragraphs: The Dutch Low Saxon Wikipedia is the Dutch Low Saxon-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition was started in 24 March 2006. As of 23 August 2015, it has over 5,748 articles.


title: Leishmaniasis

paragraphs: Leishmaniasis or leishmaniosis is a disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus "Leishmania". It is spread by the bite of certain types of sandflies.

paragraphs: Leishmaniasis in humans is caused by more than 20 species of "Leishmania". Risk factors include poverty, malnutrition, deforestation and urbanization. All three types can be diagnosed by identifying the parasites under a microscope. The visceral form can be diagnosed with a blood test.

paragraphs: Leishmaniasis can be partly prevented by sleeping under nets treated with insecticide. Another way is using insecticides to kill sandflies. Early treatment of people with the disease also helps prevent further spread. The treatment needed is determined by where the disease is acquired, the species of "Leishmania" and the type of infection. Medications used for the visceral form include: liposomal amphotericin B, a combination of pentavalent antimonials and paromomycin, and miltefosine. For the cutaneous form, paromomycin, fluconazole or pentamidine can help.

paragraphs: As of 2014, about 12 million people are infected in some 98 countries. There are about 2 million new cases each year. Each year, between 20 thousand and 50 thousand people die from the disease. About 200 million people in Asia, Africa, South and Central America and southern Europe live in areas where the disease is common. The World Health Organization has gotten discounts on some medications to treat the disease.

paragraphs: The parasites that cause the disease also infect other mammals: The disease has been described in dogs, cats, rodents, cattle and horses. In addition to the mammal, the parasite needs an insect that spreads the parasite through its sting.

paragraphs: Leishmaniasis is transmitted by the bite of infected female sandflies. These can transmit the infection "Leishmania". The sandflies inject the infective stage, metacyclic promastigotes, during blood meals (1). Metacyclic promastigotes that reach the puncture wound are phagocytized by macrophages (2) and transform into amastigotes (3). Amastigotes multiply in infected cells and affect different tissues, depending in part on which "Leishmania" species is involved (4). The differences in the type of tissue affected are responsible for the different visible types of leishmaniasis. Sandflies become infected during blood meals on infected hosts when they ingest macrophages infected with amastigotes (5,6). In the sandfly's midgut, the parasites differentiate into promastigotes (7), which multiply, differentiate into metacyclic promastigotes, and migrate to the proboscis (8).

paragraphs: The genomes of three "Leishmania" species have been sequenced and this has provided much information about the biology of the parasite. "Leishmania" has unique features with respect to the regulation of gene expression in response to changes in the environment. The new knowledge from these studies may help identify new targets for drugs and aid the development of vaccines.


title: NU.nl

paragraphs: NU.nl is a Dutch news website. The website started in 1999. NU.nl is now part of Sanoma Media. Since 2007, NU.nl has been the most visited news website in the Netherlands. "Nu" is the Dutch word for "now".


title: Mary Grace Canfield

paragraphs: Mary Grace Canfield (September 3, 1924 – February 15, 2014) was an American actress. She began her career in 1954. She often played the role of a romance-starved spinster or wallflower.

paragraphs: Canfield was born in Rochester, New York. She was brought up in Pittsford, New York. Her older sister, Constance, was two years older.

paragraphs: Canfield died from lung cancer on February 15, 2014, aged 89, in Santa Barbara, California. She was outlived by her husband, John Bischof, and two children from a previous marriage.


title: Lateral spinothalamic tract

paragraphs: The lateral spinothalamic tract (or lateral spinothalamic fasciculus), is a part of the Anterolateral system. It is a bundle of long, thin, sensory axons. These axons carry sensory information, like pain and temperature, through the spinal cord to the brain. This information is received in the thalamus of the brain.


title: De Telegraaf

paragraphs: De Telegraaf is the biggest Dutch newspaper. The first edition of the newspaper was on January 1, 1893. The format of the newspaper is broadsheet.


title: Nikhil Baran Sengupta

paragraphs: Nikhil Baran Sengupta (13 December 1943 – 18 February 2014) was a Bangladeshi art director, actor, painter and production designer. He was known for his role in "Janani" (1984), "Sahari Bagha" (1985), "Maa O Mamata, Suna Chadhei" (1987), "Jugantar, Tahader Katha, Bagh Bahadur" (1989) and "Mr. and Mrs. Iyer" (2002).

paragraphs: Sengupta died 18 February 2014 in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India aged 70.


title: Tom Lester

paragraphs: Thomas William Lester (September 23, 1938 – April 20, 2020) was an American actor and evangelist. He is best known for his role as farmhand Eb Dawson on the television series "Green Acres". He appeared in the feature movies "Gordy" and "Benji".

paragraphs: On April 20, 2020, Lester died due to problems caused by Parkinson's disease in Nashville, Tennessee. He was 81.


title: Home Alone 4

paragraphs: Home Alone 4 (also known as Home Alone 4: Taking Back the House) is an American family criminal comedy television movie. It first aired on ABC on November 3, 2002. "Home Alone 4" was directed by Rod Daniel and is the fourth movie in the "Home Alone" series.

paragraphs: The movie has some of the main characters from the first two movies, but all of the roles are played by different actors. The story is in Chicago, but the movie was actually filmed in South Africa.

paragraphs: The movie was not popular. A planned TV series based on the movie was cancelled because of the poor reviews. It's an intrequel to the first two movies.


title: Alexandre Bilodeau

paragraphs: Alexandre Bilodeau (born September 8, 1987 in Montreal, Quebec) is a Canadian retired freestyle skier. He skied in the men's moguls events for Canada at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver. He won the gold medal at the 2010 Games and became the first Canadian to win a gold medal at an Olympic Games held in Canada. Bilodeau also competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi where he successfully defended his gold medal and became the first Canadian to defend an individual title since Catriona Lemay Doan at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City. He has also won FIS World Championships in dual moguls.

paragraphs: On March 21, 2014, Bilodeau said that he was going to retire after the 2013–14 FIS Freestyle Skiing World Cup season.


title: Vagra

paragraphs: Vagra (or Vaghara, ) is a town in Gujarat, India. It is a taluka of the district of Bharuch. It is located north-west of the town of Bharuch. It contains around 70 villages. These are spread between the coast of the Gulf of Khambhat and the northern side of the Narmada River.


title: Eric Brewer

paragraphs: Eric Charles Brewer (born April 17, 1979) was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman. He played for the Anaheim Ducks, Toronto Maple Leafs, Tampa Bay Lightning, St. Louis Blues, Edmonton Oilers, New York Islanders of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also won a gold medal with Team Canada at the 2002 Winter Olympics.

paragraphs: Before playing in the NHL, Brewer played 3 seasons in the Western Hockey League with the Prince George Cougars. He was drafted with the 5th overall pick by the New York Islanders in the 1997 NHL Entry Draft. He made his NHL debut with the Islanders on October 10, 1998 in a game against the Pittsburgh Penguins. He scored his first NHL career goal on November 5, 1998 against Trevor Kidd of the Carolina Hurricanes.

paragraphs: He was traded along with Josh Green and their second round selection (Brad Winchester) at the 2000 NHL Entry Draft to the Edmonton Oilers for Roman Hamrlík. Brewer played 2 seasons with the Oilers and 1 season with their American Hockey League affiliate Lowell Lock Monsters.

paragraphs: After the 2004-05 NHL lockout, Brewer was traded along with Jeff Woywitka and Doug Lynch to the St. Louis Blues for Chris Pronger. Brewer would play 6 seasons with the Blues and was traded to Tampa Bay Lightning for Brock Beukeboom and a third round selection in the 2011 NHL Entry Draft. He signed a four year, $15.4-million contract extension with the Lightning on June 24, 2011.

paragraphs: On November 28, 2014, the Lightning traded him to the Anaheim Ducks in exchange for a third-round pick in the 2015 NHL Entry Draft.


title: Geocentrism

paragraphs: Geocentrism is the belief that the Earth is fixed at the centre of the Universe. Geocentrists accept that the earth is round. Before the 16th century most people believed in the theory of geocentrism. From Earth, it looks like the Sun and stars are moving across the sky. The Ancient Greek astronomer, Ptolemy wrote a book to explain in great detail how the spherical Earth is surrounded by things that move in the sky. From the time of Ptolemy round the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD through to the 16th Century AD educated people who knew the earth is round almost always believed the Geocentric theory of Ptolemy.

paragraphs: From the 15th to the 17th century, astronomers, especially Copernicus, Galileo and Kepler, found evidence that the Earth is not fixed but moves round the Sun. That is called heliocentrism.

paragraphs: Geocentrism has been proven to be incorrect. However, there are still geocentrists today. In the United States, the National Science Foundation found that about 25% of Americans believe in geocentrism.


title: Jessica Szohr

paragraphs: Jessica Karen Szohr (pronounced "zorr"; born March 31, 1985) is an American actress. In the series "Gossip Girl", she played Vanessa. In "Piranha 3D" she played Kelly.


title: Young Earth creationism

paragraphs: Young Earth creationism (YEC) is the belief that the God of Judaism or Christianity created the Universe, the Earth and all life on Earth over a short time between 5,700 and 10,000 years ago. Those who believe young Earth creationism are mainly Christians and Jews. They believe the Genesis account of creation in the Bible is completely true. Young Earth creationists believe that God created the Earth in six 24-hour days. They disagree with other creationists because they believe the Bible is literally true when it tells the age of the Earth.

paragraphs: Many scientists agree together that young Earth creationism is wrong and know about experiments and observations (facts that scientists have seen, heard, recorded with their instruments) in their theory. Scientists believe that the universe is more than 13 billion years old while the earth existed for 4.5 billion years according to scientific theory.


title: Old Earth creationism

paragraphs: Old Earth creationism is a term that covers many different types of creationism.


title: Kaavi

paragraphs: Kaavi is a municipality in Northern Savonia, Finland. It had almost 3,260 people living there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Kuopio, Juuka, Outokumpu, Polvijärvi and Tuusniemi.


title: Dress clothes

paragraphs: Dress clothes are clothing that is less formal than formal wear but more formal than casual wear.

paragraphs: For boys and men, an outfit of dress clothing includes items like a necktie, a dress shirt, trousers, dress socks, and dress shoes.

paragraphs: For girls or women, an outfit of dress clothing can include either slacks, a skirt, or a dress. With slacks or a skirt, a shirt or blouse is worn. With a skirt or dress, hosiery such as pantyhose might be worn.

paragraphs: Dress clothing is often worn for nights out. It is worn in white collar work environments such as offices. Other appropriate places include gatherings such as graduations, Bar and Bat Mitzvahs, and funerals.


title: Name tag

paragraphs: A name tag is a badge or sticker worn on the outermost clothing as a means of displaying the wearer's name for others to view.

paragraphs: "Hello my name is" stickers, first introduced by C-Line Products in 1959, became hugely popular.

paragraphs: Many graffiti artists have been known to use these stickers as tags.


title: Outokumpu

paragraphs: Outokumpu is a city in North Karelia, Finland. It had almost 7,300 people living there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Heinävesi, Kaavi, Liperi, Polvijärvi and Tuusniemi.

paragraphs: The municipality was previously called "Kuusjärvi" until 1968.

paragraphs: A deep hole was drilled near here between 2004 and 2005. The hole is 2,516 meters deep and its diameter is 22 cm. It was made for reseach purposes by the Russian company Nedra.

paragraphs: Kalaton, Kuusjärvi, Kokonvaara, Maljasalmi, Rikkaranta, Sysmä, Taipale, Varislahti, Viuruniemi, Ulla, Alavi, Harmaasalo, Törisevä, Vuonos, Kuminvaara, Sätös and Paloranta.


title: Äänekoski

paragraphs: Äänekoski is a city in Central Finland. It had about 20,060 people living there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Kannonkoski, Konnevesi, Laukaa, Saarijärvi, Uurainen, Vesanto and Viitasaari.


title: Ikaalinen

paragraphs: Ikaalinen is a town in Pirkanmaa, Finland. It had about 7,295 people living there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Hämeenkyrö, Jämijärvi, Kankaanpää, Parkano, Sastamala and Ylöjärvi.


title: Kankaanpää

paragraphs: Kankaanpää is a city in Satakunta, Finland. It had about 12,000 people living there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Honkajoki, Ikaalinen, Jämijärvi, Karvia, Parkano, Pomarkku, Sastamala and Siikainen.

paragraphs: The municipality of Lavia is today a part of Pori. Lavia is also near Kankaanpää.

paragraphs: Municipalities inside Kankaanpää are Kankaanpää, Niinisalo, Vihteljärvi, Lohikko, Venesjärvi and Veneskoski.

paragraphs: The town manager is Mika Hatanpää. Before him the town manager was Paavo Karttunen.

paragraphs: - Kankaanpään Suunnistajat (KanSu) orienteering

paragraphs: In Kankaanpää has been found lots of Stone Age artifacts. But not so many Copper or Iron Age artifacts.

paragraphs: First inhabitants were in Kankaanpää in 16th century with 10 houses.

paragraphs: In early 19th century population of Kankaanpää was about 2,000. In 1850s the population was about 4,000.

paragraphs: The church of Kankaanpää has been built in 1839. Architect of church was C. L. Engel. There is a military and old cemetery in the garden of church. Other cemeteries are in the downtown and near the church.

paragraphs: There were not big battles in Kankaanpää in the Civil war. Sampakoski battle was on 22. February 1918 in Sampakoski near Lavia. The whites won the reds there. There is novadays a memorial of the battle. Near the battlefield is the cemetery of the reds.

paragraphs: Kankaanpää has founded in 1865 and it became a market town in 1967 and at last a town in 1972.

paragraphs: The local magazine Kankaanpään Seutu has founded in 1968. Before it the local magazine was Kankaanpään aluesanomat. The chief reporter of Kankaanpään Seutu is Jarkko Ambrusin.


title: Tsarevich of Russia

paragraphs: The title of Tsarevich of Russia was traditionally used by the heir apparent or heir presumptive in the Russian Empire. The title was used with the style "Imperial Highness". The title was usually only used by males due to females being prevented from succeeding the throne after Catherine the Great.

paragraphs: It is often confused with "tsarevich", which is the title for any son of a tsar. Normally, there was only one "tsesarevich" at a time (an exception was Grand Duke Constantine Pavlovich, who was accorded the title until death, even though law gave it to his nephew), and the title was used exclusively in Russia.

paragraphs: The title came to be used together with the formal style "successor" ("Naslednik"), as in "His Imperial Highness the Successor Tsesarevich and Grand Duke". The wife of the "Tsesarevich" was the Tsesarevna.


title: Islam in Morocco

paragraphs: Islam in Morocco is the largest religion making up about 99% of the population. The remaining 1% are Christian and Jewish.

paragraphs: Islam was first brought to Morocco in 680 by an Arab invasion under Oqba ben Nafi. He rode his horse into the Atlantic Ocean saying that was all that prevented him from more conquests. He called Morocco "Maghreb al-Aksa" (meaning the farthest west). In 788, The Zaydi Shia Idrisids ruled large parts of Morocco. Later, several Berbers formed more powerful Islamic dynasties that reigned over the country. Among them were the Almoravids, who were the first to unite Morocco. They also united significant regions in West Africa, Spain and Algeria. These Almoravids were responsible for making the Maliki school the most prominent in Morocco.

paragraphs: Today Morocco is mostly Sunni. Of the four Sunni Muslims in Morocco are mainly of the Maliki school.


title: Toivakka

paragraphs: Toivakka is a municipality in Central Finland. It had almost 2,050 people living there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Hankasalmi, Joutsa, Jyväskylä, Kangasniemi, Laukaa and Muurame.

paragraphs: Haukanmaa, Huikko, Humalamäki, Kankainen, Nisula, Paloskylä, Ruuhimäki, Taka-Toivakka, Vihijärvi and Viisarimäki.


title: Viinijärvi

paragraphs: Viinijärvi is a lake in North Karelia, Finland. It is next to the municipalities of Liperi, Polvijärvi and Outokumpu. The largest communities on the lake are Outokumpu, Viinijärvi village and Polvijärvi. Viinijärvi is one of the 50 largest lakes in Finland.


title: Simón Díaz

paragraphs: Simón Narciso Díaz Márquez (August 8, 1928 – February 19, 2014) was a Venezuelan singer. He was a Grammy Award winning composer of Venezuelan music.

paragraphs: On September 30, 2008, the Latin Grammy Awards announced that it would honor Díaz with a Lifetime Achievement Award, (El Premio del Consejo Directivo).

paragraphs: Díaz had Alzheimer's disease for many years. He died on 19 February 2014 in Caracas, Venezuela.


title: Urho Kekkonen National Park

paragraphs: Urho Kekkonen National Park () is a national park in northern Lapland in Finland. It is near the cities of Savukoski, Sodankylä and Inari. The park began in 1983 and is one of the largest national parks in Finland.


title: Gene Saks

paragraphs: Gene Saks (Jean Michael Saks; November 8, 1921 – March 28, 2015) was an American stage and movie director. He is known for his movies "Barefoot in the Park", "The Odd Couple", and "Cactus Flower".

paragraphs: Saks was born in New York City on November 6, 1921. He studied at Cornell University and at The New School. Saks was married to Bea Arthur from 1950 to 1980. They had two children. He married to Keren Saks. They have one child.

paragraphs: Saks died from pneumonia in his East Hampton, New York home on March 28, 2015, aged 93.


title: Regions of Finland

paragraphs: Finland is divided into 19 regions. These are the main administrative divisions of the country.


title: Iijoki

paragraphs: Iijoki is river in Finland. It flows through Northern Ostrobothnia. It is long. It flows to the Bothnian Bay.


title: Bothnian Bay

paragraphs: Bothnian Bay (; ) is a bay in the northest of the Gulf of Bothnia.

paragraphs: The largest island is Hailuoto, which is part of Finland. It is the only permanently populated island in the bay.

paragraphs: Perämeri National Park is located in Bothnian Bay.


title: Ashleigh McIvor

paragraphs: Ashleigh McIvor (born September 15, 1983 in Vancouver, British Columbia) is a Canadian retired freestyle skier. She skied in the women's ski cross event for Canada at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver. She became the first gold medal winner of the event. She has also competed at the Winter X Games where she was able to place second. She suffered a devastating ACL injury in her knee which ended her season and was a factor in her retirement from competitive skiing in the fall of 2012. She announced "I’ve gone back and forth in my mind, wondering if I’m making the right decision to retire. But I’ve already done more in the sport than I ever imagined would be possible and there’s something to be said for going out on top, as the reigning Olympic champion."


title: Vaskojoki

paragraphs: Vaskojoki is a river in Finnish Lapland. It is in western Inari, Lemmenjoki National Park. It is long. It flows into Lake Paatari.


title: Metro Davao

paragraphs: Metro Davao, is a metropolitan area in the Philippines. It includes the cities of Davao City, Digos in Davao del Sur, Tagum, Panabo and Samal in Davao del Norte.


title: Sandfly

paragraphs: Sandflies are a group of flies, many of which feed on blood and are vectors of parasites.

paragraphs: The group is the Phlebotominae, a subfamily of flies. Parasitic diseases spread by the flies include leishmaniasis, bartonellosis and pappataci fever. In the New World leishmaniasis is spread by sand flies in the genus "Lutzomyia". "Lutzomyia" often live in caves, where their main hosts are bats. In the Old World sand flies in the genus "Phlebotomus" spread leishmaniasis.

paragraphs: Phlebotomine females, and only females, suck blood from various mammals, reptiles and birds. Some species are selective, whereas others bite any suitable host they find. As far as is known all species need a blood meal for every following clutch of eggs after the first. Proteins and other nutrients in the blood enable the female to produce eggs.

paragraphs: The flies use their mouthparts to start the host bleeding. They then suck up the exposed blood. Like practically all blood-feeding parasites, they inject biochemicals that inhibit blood clotting, plus some that stimulate host mast cells to produce histamine; this distend capillary vessels, thereby promoting blood flow.

paragraphs: One blood meal can support the production of about 100 eggs. Females lay their eggs in humid soil rich in organic matter.

paragraphs: Sand flies are small; a body size of about 3mm in length is typical. This helps them in escape notice. Their bite is not always felt, but leaves a small round, reddish bump that starts itching hours or days later. Use of insect repellent is recommended in areas where sand flies are present.


title: Paimio

paragraphs: Paimio () is a town in Southwest Finland. As of January 2014, almost 11,000 people lived there.

paragraphs: Nearby municipalities are Lieto, Kaarina, Marttila, Salo, Sauvo and Tarvasjoki.


title: Lake Ladoga

paragraphs: Lake Ladoga (, ) is very large lake in Russia. It is the largest lake in Europe and one of the 20 largest lakes on Earth.

paragraphs: There are six hundreds islands in the lake.


title: Road bicycle racing

paragraphs: Road bicycle racing is a sport where people race on bicycle along paved roads. Usually riders start the race at the same time. The winner is the first to the finish line at the end of the route.

paragraphs: Road bicycle racing is popular in Belgium, Colombia, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and Switzerland. More recently, countries such as Kazakhstan, Australia, Venezuela, Russia, Slovakia, South Africa, New Zealand, Norway, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Poland and the United States have also become very good at racing.

paragraphs: Road bicycle racing began as a sport in 1868. The first world championship was in 1893. Cycling has been part of the Olympic Games since 1896.

paragraphs: At the beginning the sport was popular in France, Spain, Belgium, and Italy. Some of the first races were Liège–Bastogne–Liège (started in 1892), Paris-Roubaix (1896), the Tour de France (1903), the Milan – San Remo and Giro di Lombardia (1905), the Giro d'Italia (1909) and the Tour of Flanders (1913). Nowadays there are many other races, but these historic races remain the most famous and many cyclists want to win them.

paragraphs: Single day races are held on one day. The race can be any distance from a few kilometres to over 200km. The race route may go from one place to another, or be a number of laps of a circuit. Some routes take the riders from a starting place and then finish with several laps of a circuit. This helps create excitement for the crowd at the finish.

paragraphs: An individual time trial is an event in which cyclists race alone against the clock. A team time trial is where teams of cyclists race against the clock. In both types of time trial, each cyclist or team starts the race at different times so that each start is fair and equal. The winner is the cyclist or team who finishes the race in the fastest time. Race distances vary from a few km to 60 and rarely more than 100 km.

paragraphs: Stage races are made up of races held for several days in a row. These races are called stages. The competitor with the lowest total time to finish all the stages is the overall winner. He or she is called the general classification (GC) winner. Stage races often have other awards, such as prizes for each stage winners, the points classification winner, and the "King of the Mountains" winner. Some stage races include time trials or team time trials. The stage winner is the first person to cross the finish line that day or the time trial rider (or team) with the lowest time on the course.

paragraphs: These races are very long single stage events. They usually last several days. The winner is the first one to cross the finish line. The riders take breaks on their own schedules. One of the best-known ultramarathons is the Race Across America (RAAM). It is a coast-to-coast non-stop, single-stage race. Riders cover approximately 3,000 miles in about a week.

paragraphs: The winner of the race is the first rider to cross the finish line. However many riders are grouped together in teams. Teams usually have commercial sponsors and are named after the main sponsor. For example some famous teams have been called T-Mobile, Rabobank, ONCE, and Lampre. There can be up to twelve team members in professional races. Team riders decide which team member has the best chance of winning the race. The choice will depend on how hilly the route is, the chance that everyone will finish together in a sprint, and other things. The rest of the team will work to help him or her win the race.

paragraphs: In professional races, radios are used so that the team can talk to each other and the team director. The team director often travels in a team car behind the race to monitor the whole race. The influence of radios on race tactics is controversial, and some people think radios have led to less exciting racing. In September 2009, the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI), the governing body of pro cycling, voted to ban team radios in men's top level road racing.

paragraphs: Different cyclists have different strengths and weaknesses. Therefore a rider may prefer different events over particular courses, and perform different roles within a team.

paragraphs: The main types of rider in road bicycle racing are:

paragraphs: A number of tactics are used to win a race. Tactics can be different in single stage races and stage races.

paragraphs: Tactics are based on drafting. This is where a rider can reduce the effort needed to pedal by following the rider in front very closely. Riding with others in the main field, called the peloton, can save as much as 40% of the energy needed to ride alone. Riders can help each other to ride at high speed, or one rider can sit on a competitor's wheel, forcing him to do more work and get tired earlier. Some teams have a leader, and the rest of the team let him or her draft them to save their energy for the important bit of the race. Drafting is not allowed in individual time trials.

paragraphs: A small group of riders sometimes "breaks away" in front of the main group. When they work together a small group can sometimes go faster than the peloton, if the peloton does not organise to chase them. The riders in the breakaway try to win the race, and in the breakaway there are fewer rivals for the win.

paragraphs: If a break does not succeed and the peloton catches up with them, a sprinter will usually win the race by sprinting faster than everyone else in the final few hundred metres. The team works together to make sure their sprinter is in a good position to win.

paragraphs: Climbs are very good places for a single rider to try and leave the others behind. If the finish of the race is at the top of the climb, or not far past the top, a single rider can stay in front of the peloton and win the race.

paragraphs: In a stage race each day's stage is like a race within the bigger race. Each stage has a winner, either the first rider across the line, or in a time trial the rider or team with the quickest time. After each stage the general classification ranking is also worked out. The rider with the lowest total time for all the stages is the leader. The leader wears a special jersey for the next day's stage.

paragraphs: In multi-stage races, the GC leader will watch break-aways carefully if there is a rider close to him in the general classification. However often the GC leader will not react to a break-away. This happens if the escaping riders are a long way behind in the GC, and do not have a chance of taking the GC lead. Riders who are far behind often escapes because they want to win the stage or collect points for sprinting or climbing mountains. Riders may also go in a break-away to get television time for their team sponsors because the break-away often gets shown on the television coverage.

paragraphs: The most famous cycling race is the Tour de France, a stage race lasting three weeks. It takes place mostly in France, usually ending in Paris. Similar races are held in Italy (the Giro d'Italia) and Spain (the Vuelta a España). These three races make up the "grand tours".

paragraphs: Professional racing is controlled by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI). In 2005 it started the UCI World Tour. The World Tour includes the Grand Tours and other large stage races such as Tour Down Under, Tour de Suisse, Paris–Nice and the Critérium de Dauphiné Libéré.

paragraphs: Some one day races are also part of the World Tour: Milan – San Remo (Italy), Tour of Flanders (Belgium), Paris-Roubaix (France), Liège–Bastogne–Liège (Belgium) and Amstel Gold Race (Netherlands) in the spring, and Clásica de San Sebastián (Spain), HEW Cyclassics (Germany), Züri-Metzgete (Switzerland), Paris–Tours (France) and Giro di Lombardia (Italy) in the autumn season.

paragraphs: Cycling has been at the Olympics since 1896. There are usually road race and individual time trial events for both men and women.

paragraphs: The other important one-day race is the World Championships. The World Championships is held on a different course each year and ridden by national rather than sponsored teams. The winner wears a white jersey with coloured bands (often called "rainbow bands") around the chest.

paragraphs: In Europe and in the United States, cycle racing on the road is a summer sport. The season can start in early spring and end in autumn.


title: Pinewood, Suffolk

paragraphs: Pinewood is a village and civil parish in the Babergh district, in the county of Suffolk, England.


title: Pope Leo II

paragraphs: Pope Leo II (611 – 28 June 683) was pope of the Catholic Church from 17 August 682 until he died in 28 June 683. He put an end to attempts by the Ravenna archbishops to get away from the control of the Bishop of Rome. He helped the deal for the Ravenna bishops by putting an end to the tax it had been usual for them to pay when they received the pallium. After Agatho died, Leo was elected pope. When Leo died, he was buried in his own monument. After a few years, his remains were moved to a tomb which contained the first four Pope Leos.


title: Bond girl

paragraphs: Bond girls are female characters in James Bond movies, books and video games. They play the love interest of Bond. There are no set rules on what kind of role a Bond girl plays. Some examples of Bond girls are Solitaire, Tatiana Romanova, and Vivienne Michel.

paragraphs: Bond girls are usually aged in their early-to-mid 20s, about 10 years younger than Bond. Their normal dress is conventional without much jewellery. The dress style, however, varies. Halle Berry's was a character in "Die Another Day".

paragraphs: There have been only two movies in which Bond falls in love with the Bond girl. The most recent of them was "Casino Royale" in 2006, where Bond falls in love with Vesper Lynd.

paragraphs: Ursula Andress played the character Honey Ryder in "Dr. No" (1962). Others who were Bond girls are Gemma Arterton and Rosamund Pike.


title: Vesper Lynd

paragraphs: Vesper Lynd is a character in several James Bond movies and in the novel Casino Royale. She is a Bond girl.

paragraphs: In the novel, she works for MI6 and assists Bond whilst gambling in France. She later turns out to be a double agent.

paragraphs: In the 1967 movie "Casino Royale", she is a former MI6 agent who has an affair with a man named Evelyn Tremble. She later betrays him.

paragraphs: In the 2006 movie "Casino Royale", she is a foreign liaison agent. She is also a double agent working for a terrorist group named Quantum, which MI6 are trying to stop. She later falls in love with Bond. She embezzles money for Quantum, but Bond does not know that. She dies when an elevator she is in fills with water.


title: Lo que la vida me robó

paragraphs: Lo Que La Vida Me Robó (International Title: What Life Took From Me) is a Mexican telenovela produced by Angelli Nesma Medina for Televisa. It is a remake of "Bodas de odio", produced by Ernesto Alonso in 1983. In 2003, "Amor real", the first remake, was produced by Carla Estrada. Unlike "Bodas de odio" and "Amor real", "Lo Que La Vida Me Robó" has been adapted to the present time.


title: Margarita Stāraste-Bordevīka

paragraphs: Margarita Stāraste-Bordevīka (; born Margarita Barvikha ; 2 February 1914 – 18 February 2014) was a Russian-born Latvian author and illustrator. She was known for her books for children.

paragraphs: Her most popular books are ""Balti tīri sniega vīri"" (1942), ""Ziemassvētku pasakas"" (1943), ""Zīļuks"" (1961), ""Pasaku ābece"" (1969) and ""Lācīša Rūcīša raibā diena"" (1977). Her first book was published in 1942. She co-authored a collection of folk songs in Livonian. ""Urū! Rurū!"" (1994) was published in both Latvian and Livonian.

paragraphs: She was born Margarita Barvika on 2 February 1914 in Vladimir, Russian Empire. She was awarded the title as Commander of the Order of the Three Stars on 7 April 1999.

paragraphs: Margarita Stāraste-Bordevīka died on 18 February 2014, at the age of 100.


title: Israir Airlines

paragraphs: Israir Airlines Ltd. () is an Israeli airline. It is the second largest airline in Israel. It operates in North America, Europe and Asia. About 350 people work for Israir Airlines.


title: Gremlins 2: The New Batch

paragraphs: Gremlins 2: The New Batch is a 1990 American comedy-horror movie. It is about gremlins who attack people in a high-rise office building. The gremlins get wet and are killed when an electric gremlin shocks them. A female gremlin survives and later marries. Phoebe Cates plays Kate Beringer. Howie Mandel plays Gizmo. Julia Sweeney plays Peggy. It is the sequel to Gremlins.

paragraphs: This movie was released in June 1990. The review from some critics was very positive. The box office was not good. The rating in the United States was PG-13.


title: George Everest

paragraphs: Sir George Everest (; 4 July 1790 – 1 December 1866) was a Welsh surveyor and geographer. He was the Surveyor General of India from 1830 through 1843.

paragraphs: Everest was born on 4 July 1790 in Gwernvale Manor, just west of Crickhowell in Powys. He was baptised in Greenwich.

paragraphs: He was largely responsible for completing the section of the Great Trigonometric Survey of India along the meridian arc from southern India extending north to Nepal, a distance of about . This survey was started by William Lambton in 1806 and it lasted for several decades. In 1865, Mount Everest was named in his honour despite his objections by the Royal Geographical Society. This enormous peak was surveyed by Everest's successor, Andrew Scott Waugh, in his role as the Surveyor-General of India.

paragraphs: Everest died on 1 December 1866 in London, England. He was 76.


title: Toni Ucci

paragraphs: Antonio "Toni" Ucci (13 January 1922 – 19 February 2014) was an Italian actor and comedian from Rome. He appeared in 86 movies between 1948 and 2000.

paragraphs: Ucci died from natural causes on 19 February 2014, aged 92, in his hometown of Rome.


title: Volapük Wikipedia

paragraphs: The Volapük Wikipedia is the Volapük version of the online encyclopedia, Wikipedia. See List of Wikipedias.

paragraphs: It is 54th largest edition by article count.

paragraphs: Some believe that Wikipedia should get rid of it, because most of the changes come from one bot user.


title: Pope Anicetus

paragraphs: Pope Anicetus (ca. 155-166), was the tenth Pope of the Catholic Church, the official title is the Bishop of Rome. During his time as Pope, Rome became a center of Christian knowledge with the teachings of St. Hegesippus, St. Justin Martyr and St. Polycarp, a follower of St. John the Evangelist.

paragraphs: During his time as Pope, there were many discussions of when, exactly, the feast of the Resurrection (Easter) should be celebrated. This Pope favored the custom of celebrating Easter on a Sunday while others thought it should be celebrated on Passover, whatever day of the week that it should fall on. Anacetus's practice of celebrating Easter on Sunday was maintained while members of the Eastern Church favored Passover.

paragraphs: His feast day is celebrated on April 17.


title: Abduwali Muse

paragraphs: Abduwali Muse (born about 1990) is a Somali pirate. In 2009, he captured a ship from the United States and took its captain Richard Phillips as hostage. He was sentenced to over 33 years in prison on 16 February 2011.


title: Bileh

paragraphs: Bileh is a Somali pirate. He acts as a spokesperson for his group. He is based in Eyl in Puntland. He operates in both the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean.


title: American Idiot (song)

paragraphs: "American Idiot" is the first single and title track off American punk rock band Green Day's ninth studio album "American Idiot". The song was released on August 31, 2004. The song criticizes the United States around 2004. The song was nominated for 4 Grammy Awards for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal, Best Rock Song, Best Short Form Music Video and Record of the Year. The band performed the song at the 2005 Grammy Awards.

paragraphs: The video features Green Day playing in a warehouse in front of a green American flag. The band plays at different speeds in the middle of the video. The stripes of the flag melt onto the ground during the bridge. They are sprayed by a green liquid from amplifiers next to the flag. The end of the video shows the band dropping their instruments and leaving.


title: Malcolm Tierney

paragraphs: Malcolm Tierney (25 February 1938 – 18 February 2014) was an English actor. He began his career in 1964. He had many different roles in movies, television shows, and theatre. He was born in Manchester, which was then part of Lancashire.

paragraphs: Tierney died on 18 February 2014, at the age of 75.


title: Natalya Gorbanevskaya

paragraphs: Natalya Yevgenyevna Gorbanevskaya (; 26 May 1936 – 29 November 2013) was a Russian poet, journalist, translator of Polish literature and civil rights activist.

paragraphs: She was born in Moscow. She graduated from the Saint Petersburg State University in 1964. In 2005, she became a citizen of Poland.

paragraphs: Gorbanevskaya died on 29 November 2013 at her home in Paris, France. She was aged 77.


title: Jay Leggett

paragraphs: Jay Michael Leggett (August 9, 1963 – November 23, 2013) was an American actor, improvisational comedian, producer, director, and screenwriter. He was born in Tomahawk, Wisconsin. Leggett graduated from Tomahawk High School before he received his Bachelor's degree in fine arts from the University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point.

paragraphs: After a day of deer hunting, Leggett died from a massive heart attack on November 23, 2013 in Lincoln County, Wisconsin. He was aged 50.


title: Kristinestad

paragraphs: Kristinestad () is a town in the Ostrobothia region of Finland. There were about 7,000 people living there in January 2014. It is next to the municipalities of Isojoki, Karijoki, Merikarvia, Närpes and Teuva. The people living in the town are bilingual; about 56% of the people speak Swedish. Most of the rest, about 42%, speak Finnish.


title: Teuva

paragraphs: Teuva () is a municipality in Southern Ostrobothnia, Finland. There were about 5,700 people living there on 31 January 2014. It is next to the municipalities of Karijoki, Kauhajoki, Kristinestad, Kurikka and Närpes. About 99% of the people living there speak Finnish. Teuva was established in 1868.

paragraphs: Horonkylä, Kauppila, Kirkonkylä, Korvenkylä, Komsi, Luovankylä, Norinkylä, Perälä, Riippi and Äystö,


title: Ilmajoki

paragraphs: Ilmajoki () is a municipality in Southern Ostrobothnia, Finland. There were about 12,090 people living there on January 31, 2014. It is next to the municipalities of Isokyrö, Jalasjärvi, Kurikka, Laihia and Seinäjoki. Most of the people speak Finnish.


title: Ostrobothnia (historical province)

paragraphs: Ostrobothnia () is a historical province in Finland. In terms of today's regions, it covered all of Kainuu, Ostrobothnia, Central Ostrobothnia, Northern Ostrobothnia, most of Southern Ostrobothnia and the southern part of Finnish Lapland, "Peräpohjola".


title: Fuck the System

paragraphs: Fuck the System is the eighth studio album by Scottish hardcore punk band, The Exploited. "Fuck the System" was released in January 2003.

paragraphs: On 14 October 2003, 500 fans started a riot in Montreal, Quebec after an Exploited concert was cancelled because the band was not allowed into Canada. The band was then banned in Mexico City after city officials heard about the riot.


title: Beat the Bastards

paragraphs: Beat the Bastards is the seventh studio album by Scottish hardcore punk band, The Exploited. "Beat the Bastards" was released on April 23, 1996. Allmusic rated the album 3 stars out of 5.


title: Death Before Dishonour

paragraphs: Death Before Dishonour is the fifth studio album by Scottish punk rock band, The Exploited. "Death Before Dishonour" was released on April 15, 1987. The album was re-released on June 19, 2001. The single "Sexual Favours" had a music video released for it. The album was ranked in the top 200 of the Britain Alternative Music list. The re-release of the album featured seven more tracks.


title: Jalasjärvi

paragraphs: Jalasjärvi is a former municipality in Southern Ostrobothnia, in Finland. There were about 7,950 people living there on January 31, 2014. It is next to the municipalities of Ilmajoki, Karvia, Kauhajoki, Kihniö, Kurikka, Parkano and Seinäjoki. Most of the people speak Finnish. Literally Jalasjärvi refers to water ("järvi" means "lake"), but only 1% of the area is water. On 1 January 2016, it was merged to the town of Kurikka.

paragraphs: Alavalli, Hirvijärvi, Ilvesjoki, Taivalmaa and Ylivalli.


title: Luosto

paragraphs: Luosto is a hill in Finnish Lapland, in the Sodankylä municipality. It is about 510 meters high. It is part of Pyhä-Luosto National Park.


title: Horror Epics

paragraphs: Horror Epics is the fourth studio album by Scottish punk rock band, The Exploited. "Horror Epics" was released on April 15th 1985. The album was re-released in 2004 on the Captain Oi! label. Allmusic rated the album 2 stars out of 5.


title: Let's Start a War

paragraphs: Let's Start a War (also known as Let's Start a War... (Said Maggie One Day)) is the third studio album by Scottish punk rock band, The Exploited. "Let's Start a War" was released in 1983. It was re-released in 1998 on the Captain Oi! label. The name of the album refers to Margaret Thatcher's decision to go to war over the Falkland Islands in 1982. The reissue featured three songs from their Rival Leaders EP.


title: Korsholm

paragraphs: Korsholm () is a municipality in western Finland. It was founded in 1606. It is in the Ostrobothnia region. Most of the people living there speak Swedish.