title: Selena y Los Dinos

paragraphs: Selena y Los Dinos was the band which Mexican-American Tejano pop singer Selena belonged to until her untimely death in 1995.

paragraphs: The band was created when Selena was nine-years old by her father, Abraham Quintanilla Jr. He immediately spread his musical talent (which he pursued himself in his earlier days) among his three children. Suzette was put on the drums. A.B. was put on the bass guitar. The family first showcased their band at their restaurant "Papa Gayos" (English: "Parrots"). Then they continued to sing at more and more different places.

paragraphs: Within a year the family's restaurant went bankrupt and the family was forced to move in with relatives as Abraham had quit his job to manage the restaurant full-time. The band then performed wherever they could, including weddings, street corners, fairs, and quinceañeras, at some places gaining a lot of appreciation, while others not so much. The band was even "booed" off while performing at a wedding, followed by food being thrown on stage.

paragraphs: In 1988, the Quintanilla family was present at a party of the band Chris Pérez was currently in. Impressed by his talent, A.B. asked Chris to join "Selena y Los Dinos". Although he accepted, his support to the band proved to be much more than anticipated. Selena and Chris quickly fell in love and married in 1992. After Selena's death, Chris formed a band called the Chris Pérez Band which he dedicated a song to the Selena called "The Best I Can". After the band broke up in 2002, he formed another band with Selena's brother A.B. called Kumbia All Starz.

paragraphs: The band members reunited for the tribute concert, in honor of Selena, on April 7, 2005. Selena ¡VIVE!, was held at the Reliant Stadium in Houston, Texas. Not only did the event sold-out, it became the highest-rated and most-viewed Spanish-language Television special ever in the history of American television. The introduction was made by Jennifer Lopez.

paragraphs: Selena y Los Dinos made seven independent LP records. They also made eighteen compilation albums that were released and one remix album. In 1984, Selena y Los Dinos signed with Freddie Records and released their debut album entitled "Mis Primeras Grabaciones", the album ended up with disappointing sales and Freddie Records wanted to put Selena y Los Dinos second album on hold until the band became more seasoned, the band ended up leaving Freddie Records after contract disagreements.

paragraphs: In 1985, Selena y Los Dinos was signed with Cara Records. Selena's father and manager, Abraham Quintanilla Jr felt that the band would do much better with a Tejano record label. Selena y Los Dinos recorded a few singles for Cara Records but a full album was never produced. Selena was moved to GP Productions which was owned by Manny Guerra. Guerra was a Tejano singer-songwriter and music producer. Selena y Los Dinos recorded "Alpha" and released it in 1986. "Alpha" became the first LP record to be successfully released in stores without any issues involved.

paragraphs: The band then released their third LP record "Muñequito de Trapo" ("Rag Doll") on June 29, 1987. They also released their fourth LP record "And the Winner Is..." later that same year. Selena began recording the LP record right after she had won the "Female Vocalist of the Year" award at the Tejano Music Awards that same year. In early 1987, the band were moved to Record Producer (RP Records). This record company was also owned by Guerra. They had released "Preciosa" ("Precious") in February 1988, and sold only 20,000 units.

paragraphs: They then released their last LP record "Dulce Amor" ("Sweet Love") in December 1988. The album sold 24,000 units. In early 1989, Selena signed a record deal with EMI Latin. She became the first artist to sign with them. In March 1990, Selena y Los Dinos released their first compilation album called "Mis Primeros Éxitos" ("My First Hits"). The album had re-recorded songs that were released before Selena had signed with EMI Latin. In 1990, the band released "Personal Best". In 1992, the band released their third compilation album called "Baila Esta Cumbia" ("Dance This Cumbia"). The next year, they released "Quiero...". After Selena was killed in 1995, the band released "Grandes Exitos" ("Greatest Hits"). In the early 2000s, Selena's father had released an "early years" collection called "Selena y Sus Inicios" ("Selena and Her Beginnings"), a few years later, he had released another set of early recordings from Selena called "Classic Series"; which were re-issues of Selena's LP records from 1986-1989.


title: Chris Pérez

paragraphs: Chris Pérez (born 14 August 1969 in San Antonio, Texas) is a Grammy-winning guitarist and the widower of "The Queen of Tejano music" Selena Quintanilla-Pérez.

paragraphs: In 1988, Pérez met Grammy-winning Mexican American singer Selena. Two years later, Selena's family hired him to play in her band and they quickly fell in love. At first her father did not approve of the relationship and went as far as firing Pérez from the band. However, he eventually came to accept the relationship. On April 2, 1992, Selena and Pérez married in Nueces County, Texas and Selena legally added Pérez's surname to her own.

paragraphs: After Selena was murdered in 1995, Pérez remarried and had two children with his second wife, Vanessa. They split up in March 2008.

paragraphs: At the 2000 Grammy Awards his Rock band, "The Chris Pérez Band", won a Grammy Award for "Best Latin Rock/Alternative Album" for their debut album "Resurrection". Pérez dedicated the song, "Best I Can," to Selena. In 2001, "The Chris Pérez Band" made their final album called "Una Noche Más" (English: "One More Night").

paragraphs: After the "Chris Pérez Band" disbanded, Pérez joined his former brother-in-law's (A.B. Quintanilla III) music group called "Kumbia Kings". However, Quintanilla had conflicts with the band and left the "Kumbia Kings" along with Pérez. Quintanilla started a new band called, "Kumbia All-Starz" with Pérez as its current guitarist.


title: Abraham Quintanilla, Jr.

paragraphs: Abraham Issac Quintanilla, Jr. (born February 20, 1939) is a Mexican American singer-songwriter and record producer. He was Selena's manager throughout her life.

paragraphs: Abraham and his close friends formed a Mexican American doo-wop band called, "Los Dinos" beginning in the 1950s. "Los Dinos" took to the road everywhere their music was much appreciated. Through struggles, Los Dinos signed numerous minor Texas based record companies. By the 1960s Los Dinos switched their musical styles to Tejano music due to their low popularity. Abraham quite the band to tend to his family full-time soon after his third and final child, Selena was born in 1971. Abraham became managing his children's music abilities, soon after his daughter Selena had the ability to sing high notes in perfect pitch tune and memorization.

paragraphs: In the late 1970s, Abraham formed a new group composed of his three children, which was named "Selena y Los Dinos". Abraham opened a Mexican American restaurant in 1982, which featured performances by his musically gifted children. Unfortunately, the restaurant was unsuccessful and closed in its first year. By 1984, Abraham became the children's manager full-time for live concerts, performance on television shows, and so forth with the help of the "Selena Tour Bus". In 1993, Abraham opened up his own recording studio, Q-Productions which he managed with various artists. In the same year, the "Selena Fan Club" was formed by Yolanda Saldivar who later took Selena's life. In 1995, Abraham was no longer the manager of Selena and her band Selena y Los Dinos due to an upcoming crossover album that would have propelled Selena into the main strain American pop. On March 31, 1995, Abraham's youngest child, Selena was murdered at the age of 23. Soon after her death, Abraham and his family created The Selena Foundation, a charitable organization which would help children in crisis.

paragraphs: Abraham Quintanilla continues to produce new acts in the music business and film with his record company, Q-Productions. Since Selena's death, Abraham Quintanilla appeared in numerous television Selena specials.


title: Robin Hood (roller coaster)

paragraphs: Robin Hood is a wooden roller coaster at Walibi Holland in the Netherlands.

paragraphs: Robin Hood was designed by "Stand Company" and built by Vekoma in 2000. It has a capacity of 815 people per hour. The coaster has 2 trains, both having 4 cars with 6 seats (per train 24 people). A ride takes about 2.5 minutes and the coaster is about 1 kilometer long. The ride will close in 2018 for an RMC make-over.


title: Tripartite Pact

paragraphs: The Tripartite Pact, also called the Three-Power Pact, Axis Pact, Three-way Pact, or Tripartite Treaty was a pact signed in Berlin, Germany, on September 27, 1940, which set up the Axis Powers of World War II. On that date, it was signed by three countries: Germany, Italy, and Japan.

paragraphs: The pact was later joined by Hungary (November 20, 1940), Romania (November 23, 1940), Slovakia (November 24, 1940), Bulgaria (March 1, 1941), Yugoslavia (March 25, 1941) and Croatia (April 10, 1941). Japan included some countries that were under its control.

paragraphs: The countries that signed the pact agreed to give ten years of political, economic, and military help to one another. Also, if any country that signed the pact was attacked by another other country that had not joined the war, such as the United States or the Soviet Union, all of the other countries in the pact countries would declare war and help.

paragraphs: In 1943, the pact began to fall. Many countries had ended the war or joined the Allies. Although the pact remained in effect until Japan's surrender in August 1945, Germany's surrender three months earlier had made the pact meaningless.


title: The Scientist

paragraphs: "The Scientist" is the second single from English alternative rock band Coldplay's second album, "A Rush of Blood to the Head". The song was written by all the band members for the album together. It is built around a piano ballad. Its lyrics tell the story about a man's desire to love and about an apology. The song was released in the United Kingdom as the second single from "A Rush of Blood to the Head" and reached number 10 in the UK Charts. It was released in the United States as the third single and reached number 18 on "Billboard's" Modern Rock Tracks.

paragraphs: Critics praised "The Scientist". Several remixes of the track have been made. Its riff has been widely sampled. The single's music video won three MTV Music Video Awards, for the video's use of reverse narrative. The song was also featured on the band's 2003 live album "Live 2003".

paragraphs: On May 19, 2011, a cover of the song by Mike Posner was leaked.

paragraphs: The song was used by WWE in a tribute to Macho Man Randy Savage that aired on Raw and Smackdown just a few days after his death on May 20, 2011.


title: Rhineland

paragraphs: The Rhinelands used to mean an area on both banks of the Rhine, in Central Europe, but the Rhineland (or Rheinland in German) is now a general word for areas of Germany along the middle and the lower Rhine. It borders Luxembourg, Belgium and the Netherlands to the west and the Rhine to the east.

paragraphs: After the French were defeated in the early 19th century, the German - and the Dutch-speaking areas in the middle and the lower Rhine were added to the Kingdom of Prussia and were called the Rhine Province (or Rhenish Prussia).

paragraphs: After World War I, the western part of Rhineland was under Allied control and demilitarized, with no military activities allowed, under the Treaty of Versailles. German forces sent armies back to it in 1936, three years before World War II began.


title: Handstand

paragraphs: A handstand is the act of holding the body upside down balancing on the hands. The body is held straight with arms and legs fully extended. The hands are placed about shoulder-width apart. A handstand performer must have balance and upper body strength.

paragraphs: Handstands are used in many activities, including acro dance, acrobatics, cheerleading and gymnastics. Some type of handstand is performed on all gymnastic equipment. Many tumbling skills pass through a handstand position as part of the action. Breakdancers use handstands in freezes and kicks. Sometimes a handstand is used as a starting position for diving. In games or contests, swimmers will sometimes do underwater handstands on pool bottoms with legs and feet extended above the water.

paragraphs: Handstands are known by various other names. In yoga, the handstand is known as "Adho Mukha Vrksasana" (pronounced AHD-hoh MOOK-hah vrik-SHAH-sah-nah) translating to Downward-facing Tree Pose, and in capoeira it is named bananeira.

paragraphs: There are two basic handstands used in modern gymnastics: "curved-back" and "straight-back". Straight-back style is used when straight body lines are wanted and possible. In many cases the curved-back style is better as it has much better control over balance. Balance is kept by shifting body weight towards the fingers or the heel of the hand.

paragraphs: All basic handstands have these features:

paragraphs: Straight-back handstands have these characteristics:


title: Globular cluster

paragraphs: A globular cluster is a group of stars of a similar age which often orbits the central bulge of a galaxy. Gravity holds clusters together and gives them their spherical shape. Towards the centre of a clusters there are many stars in a relatively small space.

paragraphs: Globular clusters occur in the halo of a galaxy and in its disk. Those in the halo contain many more stars and are much older than the less dense open clusters in the disk. Globular clusters are fairly common: there are about 150 to 158 known globular clusters in the Milky Way. Large galaxies can have more: Andromeda may have as many as 500.

paragraphs: Some giant elliptical galaxies, particularly those at the centres of galaxy clusters, such as M87, have as many as 13,000 globular clusters. These globular clusters orbit the galaxy out to huge distances, 40 kiloparsecs (approximately 131,000 light-years) or more.

paragraphs: Every galaxy of sufficient mass in the Local Group has its group of globular clusters, and almost every large galaxy surveyed has a system of globular clusters. The Sagittarius Dwarf and Canis Major Dwarf galaxies appear to be in the process of donating their associated globular clusters (such as Palomar 12) to the Milky Way. This demonstrates how many of this galaxy's globular clusters might have been acquired in the past.

paragraphs: The first globular cluster discovered was M22 in 1665, but individual stars in a globular cluster were not seen until Charles Messier observed M4. The first eight globular clusters discovered are shown in the table. The "M" before a number refers to the catalogue of Charles Messier, while "NGC" is from the New General Catalogue.

paragraphs: William Herschel began a survey program in 1782 using larger telescopes and was able to resolve the stars in all 33 of the known globular clusters. In addition he found 37 additional clusters. In Herschel's 1789 catalog of deep sky objects, his second such, he became the first to use the name "globular cluster" as their description.

paragraphs: The number of globular clusters discovered continued to increase, reaching 83 in 1915, 93 in 1930 and 97 by 1947. A total of 152 globular clusters have now been discovered in the Milky Way galaxy, out of an estimated total of 180 ± 20. These additional, undiscovered globular clusters are believed to be hidden behind the gas and dust of the Milky Way.


title: Boomerang (roller coaster)

paragraphs: Boomerang is a coaster type made by Vekoma, named after the original boomerang. The first Boomerang began operation in 1984 at Rafaela Padilla in Puebla, México (which has since been moved to Six Flags México), and it has become one of the most repeated roller coaster designs in the world, with 41 Boomerangs operating as of 2011, another two "Standing but not operating" or in storage, and one currently under construction.

paragraphs: The Boomerang operates with one train with 7 cars, each capable of carrying 4 people (28 people per train). The ride starts with the train being pulled backwards out of the station, up a lift hill by a catch-car. When the catch-car reaches the end of the lift hill, it releases the train, which rolls down through the station, then into a cobra roll. After the cobra roll, it goes through a loop after which it clicks onto a chain on the second lift hill. When the train reaches the end of the second lift hill, the chain is moved down, which causes the train to roll down (as it is not attached to the chain anymore) and do the same track backwards.

paragraphs: Boomerang coasters have sometimes stalled, often in the cobra Roll element. As a precaution, many Boomerang coasters, are built with an access platform just under the cobra roll. Also, sometimes the train gets stuck on the second lift hill.


title: Semiprime

paragraphs: In number theory, a natural number is called semiprime if it can be written as the product of two prime numbers. The two numbers do not need to be different. A semiprime can also be the square of a prime number. Such numbers are very useful for cryptography.


title: Rattle Snake

paragraphs: Rattle Snake (previous names "Keverbaan", "Road Runner" and "Woks Waanzin") is a steel roller coaster in Walibi Holland in the Netherlands. It was built by Zierer

paragraphs: Rattle Snake was built in 1994 by Walibi Flevo as "Keverbaan". When Six Flags took over the park in 2000, the name was changed to "Road Runner". Six Flags decided to paint the track brown instead of red, but later they decided to paint it back to red in 2004. After the park name was changed to Walibi World, "Road Runner" was renamed to "Woks Waanzin", but due to the name change in 2011 to Walibi Holland, the mascotte "Wok" disappeared and the coaster was renamed to Rattle Snake. It moved to another section of the park, replacing "Flying Dutchman Gold Mine". The coaster has a capacity of 1000 people per hour.

paragraphs: Rattle Snake on the Walibi Holland website


title: Bit rate

paragraphs: Bit rate (also called bitrate, data rate, or "R") is how fast bits move from one place to another. It is measured in bits per second (bit/s).

paragraphs: It is different from symbol rate and bandwidth, but part of the same group.


title: Renal disease

paragraphs: Renal disease is the name for a disease or condition that mainly affects the kidneys. Medical words for renal disease are nephropathy or nephrosis.

paragraphs: There are many possible causes of renal disease, including:

paragraphs: If renal disease gets bad enough, it can cause renal failure, where the kidneys do not work at all.


title: Florida, Chile

paragraphs: Florida is a city and commune in Chile with 10067 inhabitants and an area of 609 square kilometres, all according to the census on 2002. The city is located at 42 kilometres to the eastern of Concepción.

paragraphs: The city was founded on 1755 by Antonio de Seravia.


title: Lions Gate Entertainment

paragraphs: Lions Gate Entertainment, more often known as Lionsgate, is a Canadian-American motion picture and television company. It was formed in Vancouver in 1995, and is currently headquartered in Santa Monica, California. As of 2007, it is the most commercially successful independent movie and television distribution company in North America.

paragraphs: Lionsgate produces movies that major American studios would not accept because they are too controversial or too disturbing for major studios. Movies produced by Lionsgate include the "Saw" franchise, "Kick-Ass", Tyler Perry films and many other movies.

paragraphs: Powerhouse of Entertainment (formerly Entertainment Partners Ltd) is an American independent licensee, producer and distributor of entertainment programming and film and television productions in North America, with approximately 3,000,000,000 all media titles in domestic release, and approximately 450 programs internationally via sublicense agreements. For many of its titles, Image has exclusive audio and broadcast rights as well as digital download rights to approximately 2,100 video programs and over 400 audio programs containing more than 6,000 tracks. The company is headquartered between Burbank, California and Chatsworth, California.

paragraphs: MGM/MCA is an American entertainment company. It was formed on July 10, 1997, in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada and is currently headquartered in Santa Monica, California


title: Languages of South Africa

paragraphs: South Africa has eleven official languages. They are Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swazi, Tswana, Tsonga, Venda, Xhosa and Zulu. Most South Africans (over 99%) speak one of these languages as a first language. Most South Africans can speak more than one language. Prior to 1994, South Africa had only two official languages, English and Afrikaans.

paragraphs: The English version of the South African constitution calls each of these languages by its name in that language. Zulu is called "isiZulu", Xhosa language is called "isiXhosa", and so on. The languages listed in the constitution are: isiZulu (Zulu), isiXhosa (Xhosa), Afrikaans (Afrikaans), Sepedi (Northern Sotho), Setswana (Tswana), English (English), Sesotho (Southern Sotho), Xitsonga (Tsonga), Siswati (Swati), Tshivenda (Venda), and isiNdebele (Southern Ndebele).

paragraphs: In South Africa, Southern Ndebele is known simply as "Ndebele", since most speakers of Northern Ndebele live in Zimbabwe. The 1993 version of the Constitution referred to Northern Sotho as "Sesotho sa Leboa", but the 1996 version called it "Sepedi". Different government departments and official organizations use different names for Northern Sotho.

paragraphs: The main language of government is English. Afrikaans and English are both important languages used in commerce. Most rich South Africans speak Afrikaans and English.

paragraphs: Two of the official languages are West Germanic languages (English and Afrikaans). The other nine languages are Bantu languages. Four of the Bantu languages are part of the Nguni family (Zulu, Xhosa, Swati, Ndebele). Three of the Bantu languages are Sotho-Tswana languages (Northern Sotho, Southern Sotho, Tswana). Tsonga is a Tswa-Ronga language. South Africa also has a national sign languae, South African Sign Language.


title: Entre A Mi Mundo

paragraphs: Entre A Mi Mundo (English: "Enter My World"), was the fourth studio album by Mexican-American Tejano pop singer, Selena. The album was released on May 6, 1992, a month after her marriage with Selena y Los Dinos guitarist, Chris Pérez.

paragraphs: The album won several awards at the Tejano Music Awards and Premio Lo Nuestro Awards. Songs like "Como La Flor" and "La Carcacha" became Selena's signature songs and helped her crossover to tour in Mexico. The duet with El Salvadoran singer, Álvaro Torres, entitled "Buenos Amgios", the song became Selena's first #1 "Billboard" song and helped her crossover to South America. To date the album had sold more than 1,200,000 copies in the United States being certified 6x Platinum by the RIAA.


title: Selena albums discography

paragraphs: This is an albums discography page for American singer Selena. The discography has her six studio albums. It also has her seventeen compilation albums that were released and three remix albums.

paragraphs: Selena signed with EMI Latin in 1989. She released her self-titled album that same year. In November 1990, Selena released "Ven Conmigo". The album became the first Tejano album by a female singer to reach gold status. The album peaked at number three on the Latin Regional Mexican Albums chart.

paragraphs: Selena released her third studio album, "Entre A Mi Mundo" on September 5, 1992. The album sold 500,000 copies in the United States and 600,000 copies in Mexico. It was certified gold in the United States. The album peaked at number-one on the Latin Regional Mexican Albums chart, number four on the Top Latin Albums chart and number 97 on the "Billboard" 200. "Entre A Mi Mundo" was certified six times platinum in Mexico.

paragraphs: Selena's first live album/fourth studio album was called "Selena Live!". The album had three new songs, while the others were songs sung live at a concert in Corpus Christi, Texas. The album sold 500,000 copies and was certified gold. The album also won a Grammy Award for "Best Mexican American Album". The album peaked at number-one on the Latin Regional Mexican Albums chart, number two on the Top Latin Albums chart and number 79 on the "Billboard" 200.

paragraphs: "17 Super Exitos" was released as the third compilation album in the United States. The album sold 1,200,000 copies and was certified six times platinum.

paragraphs: Selena released "Amor Prohibido" on March 22, 1994. The album became "Latin's Best-Selling Album of All Time". It sold 2,000,000 copies in its first year and was certified 20 times platinum. By 2002, the album sold 8,000,000 copies. In February 2011, the RIAA updated the certification to diamond status with 10,000,000 copies sold. The album peaked at number-one on both the Latin Regional Mexican Albums chart and the Top Latin Albums chart. It peaked at number 29 on the "Billboard" 200.

paragraphs: While touring on her Amor Prohibido Tour (1994-95), Selena began recording songs for her crossover album. She was signed to SBK Records, a pop sub-division of EMI Records. Selena recorded six of the planned 14 songs by January 20, 1995. On the morning of March 31, Selena was supposed to record "Oh No (I'll Never Fall in Love)" at Q-Productions. However, she was killed that morning. SBK Records then removed themselves from Selena's record deal. EMI Latin then took back Selena and began organizing the crossover album. Selena's brother and main songwriter, A.B. Quintanilla III had remixed some of Selena's most popular songs. They would become the album, "Dreaming of You".

paragraphs: "Dreaming of You" was released on July 18, 1995. It sold 175,000 copies the first day, a record for a pop singer. It sold 331,000 copies the first week. It debuted at number-one on the "Billboard" 200. Selena became the first Hispanic singer to have her album debut at number-one. She also became the second-fastest-selling female singer, only behind Janet Jackson. The album became the second-highest-debut for any artist, only behind Michael Jackson. The album was known as a "Historic Day in Latin History". The album also helped Selena to become a "household name". The album sold 4,000,000 copies in its first year. By 2002, the album had sold 10,000,000 copies. In February 2011, the RIAA updated the sales to 30,000,000 copies and was certified three times diamond. The album also peaked at number-one on the Latin Regional Mexican Albums chart and Top Latin Albums chart for two years straight. The album also peaked at number-one on the New Zealand Albums Chart, Spanish Albums Chart, Portuguese Albums Chart, Mexican Albums Chart, number four on the Italian Albums Chart and number six on the Argentinian Albums Chart. "Dreaming of You" was certified gold in Canada, platinum in Spain and diamond in Italy, Mexico and Argentina.

paragraphs: Selena's father spoke out about wanting to keep Selena's legacy alive. He then released Selena's first album after her death; "Siempre Selena" in 1996. The album sold 200,000 copies and was certified two times platinum. The album became the official album for the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. In March 1997, the was released. It sold 1,000,000 copies in one year.

paragraphs: In April 1998, "Anthology" was released. It was a box-set that had three compact discs with ten songs in each disc. The album peaked at number-one on the Latin Regional Mexican Albums chart and number-one on the Top Latin Albums chart. The album peaked at number 131 on the "Billboard" 200. The album made up half of EMI Latin's 1999 sales. It was certified six times platinum for selling 1,200,000 copies in its first year.

paragraphs: In March 1999, "All My Hits/Todos Mis Exitos" was certified six times platinum for selling 1,200,000 copies in its first year. The album peaked at number-one on both the Latin Regional Mexican Albums chart and Top Latin Albums chart. It also peaked on the "Billboard" 200 chart at number 54.

paragraphs: In March 2000, "All My Hits/Todos Mis Exitos Vol. 2" was released. It sold 400,000 copies and was certified two times platinum. The album peaked at number-one on both the Latin Regional Mexican Albums chart and Top Latin Albums Chart. It also peaked on the "Billboard" 200 at number 149.

paragraphs: The next year, "Selena Live! The Last Concert" was released. It became Selena's second live album. The album went platinum for selling 200,000 copies. The album peaked at number-one on the Latin Pop Albums chart, number two on the Top Latin Albums chart and number 176 on the "Billboard" 200.

paragraphs: In 2002, Selena's father released the "20 Years of Music collection". The collection released 9-discs with comments from Selena's family, bonus tracks and music videos. The comments were spoken word about how it was like when Selena was recording the songs. "Ones" was released as the first part of the collection. The album peaked at number four on both the Top Latin Albums chart and Latin Pop Albums. The album peaked at number 159 on the "Billboard" 200. The sold 1,000,000 copies in its first year. In February 2011, the RIAA updated the sales to 10,000,000 copies and certified the album diamond.

paragraphs: "Greatest Hits" was released in 2003. It had most of Selena's English-language songs. The album peaked at number 115 on the "Billboard" 200.

paragraphs: In March 2004, "Momentos Intimos" was released. The album had an unreleased song. The album peaked at number seven on the Regional Mexican Albums chart. It also peaked at number 11 on the Top Latin Albums chart.

paragraphs: During the tenth anniversary of Selena's death, "Unforgettable" was released. It was a collection that had a one disc edition and a two-disc edition. Both editions peaked in "Billboard"s charts in 2005. The "Selena ¡VIVE!" soundtrack was released. It peaked at number-one on the Mexican Albums Chart and Spanish Albums Chart in 2005. A year later, "Dos Historias" was released. It peaked at number three on the Latin Regional Mexican Albums chart and number 21 on the Top Latin Albums chart.

paragraphs: In 2007, the album "Through the Years/A Traves de los Años" was released. It contained an unreleased song. The song was recorded when Selena was seven years old. The album was certified gold and peaked at number 28 on the Top Latin Albums chart. In the same year, "Forever Selena" was released. The box-set was similar to "Anthology" (1998). Also released in the same year, "Serie Verde" was released as a low-budget album.

paragraphs: In March 2009, the box set "Inolvidable" was released. It had songs from "Alpha" (1986) and "Muñequito de Trapo" (1987). The box-set had an unreleased song.

paragraphs: In March 2010, the box-set "La Leyenda" was released. It peaked at number four on the Latin Regional Mexican Albums chart, number seven on the Top Latin Albums chart, number 29 on the Mexican Albums Chart and 81 on the Canadian Albums Chart. The album had a booklet with comments from fans around the world. It also had messages from Selena's family and record label. In June 2011, "10 Great Songs" was released. It was released as a low-budget album.

paragraphs: Selena's brother and father are working on an upcoming project to be released in 2012. It will be a remix album.

paragraphs: Selena has sold over 21 million copies in the United States. She was called "The Queen of Tejano music" and the widely known Mexican-American singer and most popular Latin artist in the United States. Selena was named the "Best selling Latin artist of the decade" and "Best Latin artist of the '90s" by "Billboard" magazine.


title: Selena y Los Dinos (album)

paragraphs: Selena y Los Dinos is the debut album by Mexican-American Tejano pop band Selena y Los Dinos. The album was released on July 16, 1984 under Freddie Records, an independent studio label in South Texas. Selena's father, Abraham Quintanilla Jr, removed his children from Freddie Records after he had told him that Selena would never become a famous singer, could not bring in large crowds, and wasn't professionally ready to release a full-length album. Selena was also underpaid because she was a female in a male-dominate genre and no could understand a female singer lead a Tejano band. She was made fun of and even booed off-stage by Tejano fans. Undetermined, Abraham moved his children to Cara Records. The album was re-released in 1995, after Selena's murder, entitled "Mis Primeras Grabcaciones" (English: "My First Recordings")


title: The New Girl in Town

paragraphs: The New Girl in Town is the second released album by Selena Y Los Dinos. The album has ten tracks. Some of them were covers of songs performed by other artists before Selena. The rest were written by Selena's father Abraham Quintanilla, Jr.

paragraphs: When Selena and her band did not receive much support from Freddie Martinez, the founder of Freddie Records, Abraham Quintanilla Jr, the father of Selena, began searching for another record label for the band. In the summer of 1984, "Cara Records" contacted him who had heard Selena during a recent concert and so they can sign "Selena y Los Dinos". Selena began to record tracks for her new album "The New Girl In Town" in late 1984. Cara Records released the album in 1985, but had to withdraw it after only two months due to conflicts with various song rights. Quintanilla then moved the band to the Manny Guerra labels GP Productions and RP Productions/Record Producer from 1985–1989, and finally to EMI in 1989. The song "Oh Mama" on Cara Records became very popular leading to appearances by Selena y Los Dinos on television shows like the "Johnny Canales Show".


title: Alpha (album)

paragraphs: Alpha is the third album released by Selena Y Los Dinos.

paragraphs: The album was re-released in 2006 entitled "Classic Series Vol. 1".

paragraphs: Nearly all tracks are new mixes. They are different versions than on the original Alpha album.


title: Dreaming of You (album)

paragraphs: Dreaming of You is the last studio album recorded by American singer Selena. It was released on July 18, 1995 by EMI Records and EMI Latin. It was re-released on September 24, 2002 as part of the "Selena: 20 Years of Music" collection, which included bonus tracks, music videos and spoken liner notes by her family, friends, and her former band. "Dreaming of You" contains unreleased English and Spanish-language songs while also containing previously released songs that were remixed with dance hall and reggae. The first half of "Dreaming of You" contains mid-tempo R&B ballads and pop songs, while the rest of "Dreaming of You" contains Latin music.

paragraphs: By 1993, EMI Latin believed Selena was ready to release a crossover album. They believed she was ready because she had won a Grammy Award and other awards, signed a sponsorship tour with Coca-Cola, dominated the Latin music charts, and expanded the Tejano Music Movement across the United States (the Tejano Music Movement, which was a movement in Texas at the time, helped other people enjoy Tejano music and it becoming a popular trend). They also believed Selena had reached her peak in the Spanish-language market and they wanted to launch her into a career as an American solo pop artist. She was partnered with major pop music producers, some of whom were Grammy Award winners. The record company wanted to change Selena's musical styles from Tejano to contemporary R&B music. While Selena was recording songs, a crossover tour was being planned. On March 31, 1995, before "Dreaming of You" was scheduled to be released, Selena was killed by Yolanda Saldivar, who was a friend and manager of her clothing stores.

paragraphs: "Dreaming of You" debuted at number one on the US "Billboard" 200 chart, and sold more than 331,000 copies in its first week. Selena became the first Hispanic singer to have an album, mostly in Spanish, to debut at number one. It went on to become the second-highest-selling debut album, behind Michael Jackson. On the date of release, "Dreaming of You" sold 175,000 copies, which helped Selena to become the second-fastest selling female artist, behind Janet Jackson. "Dreaming of You" had mixed to positive reviews from music critics, who many believed if Selena was alive to further promote the album, that it would have performed better on music charts globally. "Dreaming of You" won several awards including every award it was nominated at the 1996-98 Tejano Music Awards and the 1996-97 Premio Lo Nuestro awards.

paragraphs: Several tracks from the album were released as singles in the United States and other countries. The title track, became instantly popular on radios throughout the United States. It peaked at number 22 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart and was able to reach the top 20 in many other charts. "I Could Fall in Love" also had the same success of the title track and peaked at number two on the Hot Latin Tracks and number eight on the Hot 100 Airplay chart. "I'm Getting Used to You" peaked at number eight on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles. The single "Tú Sólo Tú" peaked at number one on both the Hot Latin Tracks and Latin Regional Mexican Airplay charts. Songs such as "Captive Heart", "Techno Cumbia", "Como La Flor" and "Missing My Baby", which were not released as a single, managed to peaked on "Billboard" charts including; Hot Latin Tracks, Latin Regional Mexican Airplay, Canadian Hot 100 and the PROMUSICAE (Spain music charts).

paragraphs: Selena performed at the 1989 Tejano Music Awards, which was attended by Jose Behar. Behar, the former president of Sony Music Latin, had recently opened EMI Latin. EMI Latin became the Latin division of EMI Records. The new president of Sony Music Latin was also attending the event and had wanted Selena to sign with his company. Selena's father and manager Abraham Quintanilla Jr was given offers from both Sony and EMI, however, Sony doubled the amount EMI was offering. Quintanilla Jr decided to go with EMI because they were offering the crossover deal Selena wanted, while Quintanilla Jr wanted his children to be the first band to sign with EMI Latin.

paragraphs: Before Selena signed her contract with EMI Latin in 1989, Behar and Stephen Finfer sent out a request to EMI Records for Selena to begin her crossover album. She recorded "Only Love", "Is It the Beat?", and "Where Did the Feeling Go?" for the presidents of EMI Records' pop division. Behar's and Finfer's request was denied. The presidents' told them that Selena needed a bigger fan base in order to sell a lot of copies of a crossover album. Behar told in an interview that he thought EMI Records, and people in general, did not believe that a Mexican American woman could be "successful". By 1993 Selena had won a Grammy Award for "Selena Live!" (1993), won several other awards, signed a sponsorship tour with Coca-Cola, dominated the Latin music charts, and expanded the Tejano Music Movement across the United States.

paragraphs: EMI Latin believed Selena should release a crossover album, believing she had reached her peak in the Spanish-language market. They wanted to launch her career as an American solo pop artist. Selena was signed with EMI's SBK Records in November 1993 after less than twenty-four hours in Los Angeles. News of Selena being signed with SBK made front-page news on "Billboard" magazine. Selena said that she was frighten by the recording deal because the situation was new to her and that only a few people had believed she would achieve success in the pop world. Selena said in interviews that the album would be released in 1994. However, following the release of "Amor Prohibido" in March 1994, she said the album was still being developed. During a dinner in a Thai restaurant in 1994, Selena was upset about the pressure she was under from the press about the album. She said, to Behar, that she told a lot of news crews that the album was about to be released and that she has yet to record a single song. Behar believed Selena was joking because she had always like telling jokes, but then noticed she was not setting up a joke and believed she was right. Behar then told the chairman of EMI Records, Charles Koppelman, that Selena and her band Los Dinos would leave EMI and find a record company willing to record an English-language album for Selena. Behar had lied to the chairman about Selena leaving in order to force the crossover album to begin. Koppelman did not want Selena to leave and began the recording sessions.

paragraphs: Selena started recording the first song for the album, "I Could Fall in Love", in late 1994. Selena was partnered with major pop music producers, some of which were Grammy Award winners. Selena's sister Suzette Quintanilla stated that Selena would take a very long time before deciding on a song that was "Selena". However, SBK Records controlled the entire project and only allowed Selena to choose one song. This was because, SBK knew what they were doing for a crossover event. Recording sessions for the album took place at several recording studios, including: her father's Q-Productions studio in Corpus Christi; The Bennett House in Franklin, Tennessee; Bananaboat Studio in Burbank, California; Oakshire Recorders in Los Angeles; Conway Studios in Hollywood; Clinton Studios in Clinton, New York; and Levosia Entertainment in Hollywood. Producers and songwriters who worked with Selena on the album included Keith Thomas, Trey Lorenz of Epic Records, Mark Goldenberg, Kit Hain, Guy Roche, Donna Delorey, Diane Warren, Rhett Lawrence, David Byrne of Luaka Bop Inc., Franne Golde, Tom Snow, Full Force, Brian "Red" Moore, A.B. Quintanilla III Selena's brother, Barrio Boyzz, K.C. Porter, Felipe Bernmejo, Jose Hernandez and Felipe Valdes Leal. Singers, Amy Grant and Vanessa Williams were both in the process of writing a song for Selena. "Dreaming of You" was the first album that Selena's family did not produce. Her family had wanted professional pop producers to work with Selena. Selena found this decision stressful, and felt that it was forced on her in order to sell records.

paragraphs: Selena co-wrote with David Byrne, former lead singer of Talking Heads, for his gospel song "God's Child (Baila Conmigo)". Her vocals were later used in the song after Byrne recorded it in Clifton, New York. Selena's brother Quintanilla III and her husband Chris Perez did not like "Dreaming of You". They both later stated that they grew to love it after Selena was murdered. While being interviewed, Keith Thomas stated that every time Selena would walk in the recording studio that all eyes would be on her because of her smiles, energy, and eager to succeed, who made everyone laugh. Thomas also stated that there were no ego problems with her. Selena had recorded songs in late 1994 and had recorded a total of six songs by January 20, 1995. Selena was supposed to record "Oh No (I'll Never Fall in Love Again)" on the morning of March 31, 1995. However, she was killed on the same day by Yolanda Saldivar, a friend and ex-manager of her clothing stores. "Oh No" was later recorded in Spanish by her brother's band, Kumbia Kings, on their album "Amor, Familia y Respecto" (2009). Thomas, who wrote "I Could Fall in Love", never finished his second song that Selena was supposed to record and talked about the song while being interviewed for the A&E series "Biography" in 2008. In 2008, freestyle singer Brenda K. Starr, revealed that she was supposed to be in two unrecorded duets with Selena. In June 2011, Dominican American Latin soul singer TeCheetah Lopez was given a demo of "Love Me Now", which was supposed to be for Selena to record. "Love Me Now" was written by Christopher Troy and Zac Harmon. According to Behar, "Dreaming of You" was supposed to be released in September or October 1995. In April 1995, EMI Latin decided to only release four out of the six English-language songs Selena had recorded. The song "Siempre Hace Frio" was taken off of "Dreaming of You".

paragraphs: "I Could Fall in Love", the first promotional single, was written by Keith Thomas and is a soft rock, pop, R&B and soul. "I Could Fall in Love" is written in the key of E major and moves at a moderate 86 beats per minute. Selena's vocal range in the song spans four octaves with music notes F#3-A4. Its lyrics are about a woman who is in love with a guy who does not know about her true feelings for him. She tries to tell him, but is afraid of rejection, she decides not tell him. According to "The Billboard Book of Number One Albums", "I Could Fall in Love" was chosen as the "best song" off of "Dreaming of You" and "... could melt the hearts of millions around the world". Kathleen Tracy wrote that "I Could Fall in Love" and "Dreaming of You" are two hit "ballads". James Hunter of "Vibe" stated that he liked Selena's passion that she used to record "I Could Fall in Love". Hunter also stated that the song is a "masterpiece", while also stating that because of Selena's death, it was hard to listen to the song without crying. After Selena's death, "I Could Fall in Love" became a popular wedding song.

paragraphs: "Dreaming of You", the lead single, was written by Franne Golde and Tom Snow. "Dreaming of You" is a power ballad and contemporary R&B. The song's main instruments are the piano, wind chimes and funk bass. "Dreaming of You" is written in Ab major and begins in the key of G♯(Ab). It changes to the key of A♯(Bb) after the bridge. Selena's vocal range spans Eb3-Eb5. "The Los Angeles Times" ranked "Dreaming of You" number five from their "Top-ten Singles of 1995". Its lyrics are about a lonely and depressed woman in her room at night, who dreams of being with her boyfriend. The song begins with a low-key instrumentation, which provides emphasis for Selena's vocals. Geraldo Martinez of "El Dictamen" wrote that the opening of the song was "surprisingly tantalizing". "Dreaming of You" became Selena's signature song and was given positive feedback from music critics.

paragraphs: "I'm Getting Used to You", the second promotional single, was written by Diane Warren and was produced by Rhett Lawrence. Four dance mixes were remixed by David Morales, which were created for promotional use. "I'm Getting Used to You" is a baroque- and dream-pop song and is written in the key of F major. Because of the music's easy piano notes it was included in the "Top Pop Hits of 1996 for Easy Piano" book. Its lyrics are about a woman who does not know what love is and her boyfriend tries to help her understand by "opening her eyes" to true love.

paragraphs: "Captive Heart", is a synthpop, electro and fast rock song. "Captive Heart" is an uptemo song written by Kit Hain. It was released as the album's first promotional single in the United Kingdom. Its lyrics are about a woman being controlled by her partner who will not let her be free of her own emotions. She is unable to end the relationship because she is too in love with him. Ed Morales of "Vibe" compared both Evelyn "Champagne" King and "Wherever You Are" (the English version of "Donde Quiera Que Estes") with "Captive Heart". According to the "Chicago Tribune" "Captive Heart" was the right song for urban-contemporary radios. The "Daily Vault" believed Selena made a mistake with "Captive Heart" because she had used too much "throat" in the song.

paragraphs: "God's Child (Baila Conmigo)", a duet with David Byrne, was originally recorded for the "Don Juan DeMarco" soundtrack. After Selena was murdered, EMI Latin decided to use the song for "Dreaming of You". Byrne recorded his parts in New York, while Selena recorded her verse in Corpus Christi, Texas, at her father's recording studio. "God's Child" was later used for the "Blue in The Face" soundtrack. According to the "Chicago Tribune", "God's Child (Baila Conmigo)", is an "energetic, dark and mysterious" song. They also stated that the song is a rumba flamenco with rock and R&B. Christopher John Farley of "Time" stated that the song is a " ... giddy soulful song".

paragraphs: "El Toro Relajo" was an unreleased Spanish-language mariachi-ballad. It was written by Felipe Bermejo and produced by Jose Hernandez. It became the sixth single to be released from "Dreaming of You". Its lyrics are about a woman warning a man, during a bullfighting competition, that the bull is not tame. She then tries to tame the bull before her lover rides it. The band Mariachi Sol de Mexico were the backup singers for the song. "El Toro Relajo" was also recorded for the "Don Juan DeMarco" soundtrack. The "Daily Vault" believed the song was the "most impressive track" on "Dreaming of You". The "Daily Vault" also stated that it was "short, amusing, and dedicated". After Selena's death, the song became a traditional Cinco de Mayo celebration song. Brennan told "Time" magazine that he believes the company who dropped "El Toro Relajo" from the "Don Juan DeMarco" soundtrack, regrets ever doing so. "Tú Sólo Tú" became the seventh single released from "Dreaming of You". John Lannert of "Billboard" called it a "classic emotive (emotional) ballad". Christopher John Farley of "Time" said that "Tú Sólo Tú" is a "spirited mariachi song".

paragraphs: "Dreaming of You" was scheduled to be released sometime in 1994. However, following "Amor Prohibido", Selena's last Spanish studio album, the album was delayed. Selena told in an interview on January 20, 1995 that the album would be released in July. EMI Records and EMI Latin released "Dreaming of You" on July 18, 1995. It debuted at number one on the US "Billboard" 200 chart. "Dreaming of You" replaced the "Pocahontas" soundtrack spot as the number one album on the "Billboard" 200. "Dreaming of You" was among the ten best-selling debuts ever, and was the best-selling debut by a female artist. Selena fans in Dallas, Texas, began lining up to buy the album hours before stores were open. "Dreaming of You" sold 331,000 copies in its first week. It became the biggest first-week seller by a female artist. It also became the first album by a Hispanic artist to debut at number one. EMI believed that "Dreaming of You" sold more than 400,000 copies because SoundScan did not track copies sold in small stores.

paragraphs: "Dreaming of You" also debuted at number one on the "Billboard" Top Latin Albums and "Billboard" Latin Pop Albums charts. It remained on the charts for nearly two-hundred weeks. In Austin, stores were sold out of "Dreaming of You" within minutes on the day it was released. Throughout the entire city, Austin stores only allowed two copies per costumer. Fans in Corpus Christi began celebrating the release of "Dreaming of You" the day before the album was released, at music stores across the city. "Dreaming of You" was sold in approximately fifteen countries, and in the months following its release, Selena became more famous. "I Could Fall in Love" and "Dreaming of You" were played on English speaking radio stations, mostly on Adult contemporary radios. In Texas alone, "Dreaming of You" sold half a million copies.

paragraphs: Within ten months of release, "Dreaming of You" was nearing triple-platinum status. It was certified 3.5 time platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), for shipping more than 3,500,000 copies in its first year. "Billboard" named "I Could Fall in Love" and "Dreaming of You" the number one and two spots, in the "Billboard Book of Top 40 Hits". "Dreaming of You" sold over 2,000,000 copies its first year. EMI Latin was backed up with orders of 500,000 copies from retail stores. "Dreaming of You" was considered the "highest selling Latin album" since Julio Iglesias recorded his first English-language record "110 Bel Air Place" (1984). "Dreaming of You" was certified Gold in Canada, for shipments of 50,000 copies.

paragraphs: In the same month of its release, "Dreaming of You" joined five of Selena's studio albums that were in the top ten on the "Billboard" Top 50 Latin Albums. The album peaked at number one, two years later "Dreaming of You" and "Siempre Selena" (1996) continued to chart on the "Billboard" Latin 50. "Dreaming of You" became the first album by a Hispanic singer to debut at number one. Some Texas stores believed that the sale figures for "Dreaming of You" in their state were wrong because the album had sold poorly at their music stores.

paragraphs: The Crossover Tour was a scheduled world tour. It was supposed to help promote "Dreaming of You" worldwide. The tour was scheduled to begin in mid-1995, after the album was released. The Crossover Tour was also going to promote Selena in countries where she was not well known in.

paragraphs: There were several commercials released in the US, Mexico and South America. Behar said that promotion "... will be on the superstar scale" and that "[We] didn't put this marketing campaign behind it because there was a tragedy. ... We put this marketing campaign behind it because we believed that this was going to be a huge album because of the music. This is a record that we're going to work over the next 10 months."

paragraphs: In Texas and Mexico, bootleggers sold copies of "Dreaming of You". A bootlegger is a person who takes the music of an album and copy's it to a blank CD and make profit by selling the blank CDs to people on the streets. One, in Corpus Christi, tried selling a bootleg to Selena's father, without knowing who he was. Quintanilla Jr, took all the copies and reported the man to local police. There are no known reports of the public bootleggers, although Quintanilla Jr reported any he found to police. "TVyNovelas" believed that 50,000 copies of "Dreaming of You" bootlegs were sold, at five dollars each.

paragraphs: Stephen Erlewine of Allmusic wrote that most Americans first learned about Selena because of her murder, and "Dreaming of You" was the first record of Selena's that they heard. He wrote: ""Dreaming of You" would have been a stronger album if she had lived, but it still stands as a powerful – and touching – testament to her talents." "Billboard" stated that Selena recorded songs that were "pop" and not "Tejano" music. "Vibe" editor Ed Morales called the album a "cumbia" and "Tex-Mex" (Tejano) album. James Hunter, also from "Vibe", believed it was hard to listen to the album because Selena's death was recent.

paragraphs: The "Chicago Tribune"s Achy Obejas wrote that "Dreaming of You" was an "incomplete" album that has a lot of mistakes in the selection of songs Selena recorded. Christopher John Farley of "Time" believed "Dreaming of You" helped Selena to become more popular in America. Enrique Lopetegui of the "Los Angeles Times" wrote that "Dreaming of You" was Selena's most "satisfying" album. Mary Talbot of the "New York Daily News" believed the album was able to reveal what Selena's career would have been like if she was alive.

paragraphs: Credits are taken from the album's liner notes.


title: Selena Live!

paragraphs: Selena Live! is a Grammy Award–winning live album released by Tejano singer Selena on May 4, 1993.

paragraphs: Note: Certifications are based on the number of units shipped and not the number of copies sold.


title: Muñequito de Trapo

paragraphs: Muñequito de Trapo (English: "Doll Rag") is the fourth LP record released by Mexican-American Tejano pop band Selena y Los Dinos.

paragraphs: This album was re-released entitled "Classic Series Vol. 2" in 2007.


title: And the Winner Is...

paragraphs: And the Winner Is (Originally released as Female Vocalist of the Year and The Winner Is... Selena & Los Dinos) is the fifth LP record release from Mexican-American Tejano pop band Selena y Los Dinos.

paragraphs: This album was re-released entitled "Classic Series, Vol. 3" in 2007.


title: Lauren Faust

paragraphs: Lauren Johanna Faust (born July 25, 1974 in Annapolis, Maryland) is an American television animator. She was the storyboard artist for "The Powerpuff Girls" and "Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends". She is also the developer for "". She announced that she would be stepping down as Executive Producer to become the Consulting Producer on May 8, 2011 after the "My Little Pony"s first season finale. She studied animation at the California Institute of the Arts. She is also known to discuss the shows that she has worked on with fans on her deviantART page.


title: White Men Can't Jump (video game)

paragraphs: White Men Can't Jump is a basketball video game developed by High Voltage Software and published by Atari. The game was made for the Atari Jaguar. The game was released July of 1995 in North America. White Men Can't Jump is based on the movie of the same name. The video game is said to be one of the worst video games that was released on the Atari Jaguar due to poor graphics and other factors.


title: Ksenia Sobchak

paragraphs: Ksenia Anatolyevna Sobchak (; born on November 5, 1981) is a Russian television presenter, actress and singer. Since 2004 she has been the presenter of the reality show "House 2". She is the only child of politicians Anatoly Sobchak (1937-2000) and Lyudmila Narusova (b.1951).

paragraphs: Sobchak tried to run against the country's longest-running president Vladimir Putin in 2018.

paragraphs: Ksenia was never married and has no children. She lives in Moscow, Russia.


title: Nguni languages

paragraphs: The Nguni languages are a group of Bantu languages spoken by the Nguni people. These languages are spoken in Southern Africa, mostly in South Africa, Swaziland, and Zimbabwe. Nguni languages include Xhosa, Zulu, Swati, Hlubi, Phuthi and Ndebele (both Southern Ndebele and Northern Ndebele).

paragraphs: The name "Nguni" comes from the cow breed called "Nguni cattle". The word "Nguni" is sometimes used to mean all speakers of Nguni languages as a group. This is an incorrect use of the word, since many different tribes speak these languages.

paragraphs: The Nguni languages are a sub-group of the Southern Bantu languages. These languages exist in a relatively small geographic area. The languages are closely related and sound very much alike. Many times the different languages are mutually intelligible -- that is, someone who speaks one Nguni language can understand someone speaking a different Nguni language.

paragraphs: Linguists and other researchers split the Nguni languages into two smaller groups: "Zunda Nguni" and "Tekela Nguni".


title: Ksenia Borodina

paragraphs: Ksenia Kimovna Borodina (born Amoyeva) (; born on March 8, 1983) is a Russian television presenter and actress. Since 2004 she is presenter of reality show "House 2".

paragraphs: From 2008 to 2011 Ksenia was married to businessman Yury Budagov. They have one child together — a daughter named Maria Budagova (b. June 10, 2009).

paragraphs: From June 2011 to August 2012 Ksenia has been in relationship with now ex-member of "House 2" Mikhail Teryokhin. They were engaged just a month before their split.

paragraphs: Currently lives with her daughter Maria in Moscow (Russia).

paragraphs: July 3, 2015 she married businessman Kurban Omarov.


title: Lyanka Gryu

paragraphs: Lyanka Georgievna Gryu (, , November 22, 1987) is a Russian stage, film, and TV actress. Her father is the Moldovan actor Gheorghe Grâu.

paragraphs: On July 9, 2010 Leanca married film director and composer Mihail Vainberg. They have one child, a son named Maxim Vainberg (born on February 20, 2011). She lives with her family in Moscow (Russia).


title: Preciosa

paragraphs: Preciosa (English: "Precious") is the sixth LP record by Mexican-American Tejano pop band, Selena y Los Dinos. The album's name was inspired by Selena's nickname.

paragraphs: This album is was re-released entitled "Classic Series, Vol. 4" in 2007.


title: Dulce Amor

paragraphs: Dulce Amor () is the seventh and last independent LP record by Selena. The album became the final album to be released from RP Records. Selena's brother, A.B. Quintanilla III had became the main songwriter. Selena recorded fourteen songs but only released ten. All the songs were recorded in three different recording studios. "Dulce Amor" helped Selena to be noticed at the 1989 Tejano Music Awards. She was then signed by EMI Latin. The album had only sold over 30,000 copies. It was ordered to be removed from stores by EMI Records.

paragraphs: Most of the songs produced were Tejano music mixed with Cumbia and Jazz fusion. "Dulce Amor" was nominated for "Album of the Year" while the song of the same name was nominated for "Song of the Year". Selena had won "Female Vocalist of the Year" and "Female Entertainer of the Year". Selena had promoted the album during her Dulce Amor Tour which had only lasted for less than a year. The album had mixed to negative reviews from music critics. The album was re-released in 2007 as "Classic Series Vol. 5".

paragraphs: After Selena's sixth LP record "Preciosa" (1988) sold only 25,000 copies, the company had wanted Selena to record another record. The success from "Preciosa" had the company believing that Selena would sell more copies with her next album. In July 1988, Selena was in the recording studio and began recording songs. Her brother, A.B. Quintanilla III had became the main songwriter for Selena. Juan Gabriel, a Mexican songwriter, had given Selena the rights to record "Costumbres". Ricky Vela, a Selena y Los Dinos member, had written the song "Quisiera Darte". The song "Qué" was written by Manny Guerra, the record manager for RP Records and GP Productions. The songs "Tú Solamente Tú" and "La Puerta Se Cerro" were written by unknown writers. On the liner notes, the writing credits are given to "Pendiente" which means "Pending" in Spanish.

paragraphs: It had took Selena three weeks to record fourteen songs. However, the record company only had wanted ten songs to be on the album. The others remained unreleased. Selena had recorded the songs "Dulce Amor", "Tú Solamente Tú", "La Puerta Se Cerro", "Costumbres", and "Dime" at RP Records studios in San Antonio, Texas. The songs "Always Mine", "No Llores Más Corazón" and "Cariño, Cariño Mio" were recorded in Houston, Texas. "Quisiera Darte" and the unreleased tracks were recorded in Hollywood, California. The song "Tú Solamente Tú" was originally recorded by Selena for her debut album "Selena y Los Dinos" (1984).

paragraphs: While Selena was performing at the 1989 Tejano Music Awards, Jose Behar (who was the former head of Sony Music Latin) was among the audience that night. He instantly wanted Selena to sign with EMI. Behar called his boss stating that he believe he had found the next Gloria Estefan. His boss told him that he was crazy, because Behar only had been in South Texas for only a week. Selena was later signed with EMI Latin the following year. "Dulce Amor" became her last independent LP record.

paragraphs: "Dulce Amor" was released on December 24, 1988. The album was supposed to be released in the summer of 1989. However, Manny Guerra had wanted the album to be released real quick. Guerra believed that if the album would have been released in the summer, that not too many Tejano fans would buy the album. He said, because popular music albums are released in that period. When the album was released, it had sold only 2,000 copies the first day. "Preciosa" (1988) had sold 3,600 copies on its first day. Guerra was not happy about the sales of the album. However, within a month the album sold 10,000 copies. It outperformed all of Selena's previous records. By August 1989, the album sold 33,206 copies. It was then pulled off shelves because of Selena's upcoming debut album with EMI Latin. EMI Latin bought all the original copies of the album. Only 50,000 copies of the album were shipped in Texas alone.

paragraphs: In 1995, Selena's father Abraham Quintanilla Jr had bought the rights to Selena's albums (1984-1989 period) from EMI Latin. Since then, he has released the songs in compilation albums. The songs "Always Mine", "No Llores Mas Corazon" and "La Puerta Se Cerro" were selected to be remixed for "Anthology" (1998).

paragraphs: On September 7, 2007, Quintanilla Jr re-released the album as part of the "Classic Series" collection. "Dulce Amor" was then re-titled "Classic Series Vol. 5". All the songs were remastered.

paragraphs: "Dulce Amor" ("Sweet Love") was the lead single from "Dulce Amor". The song was written by A.B. Quintanilla III. It was produced by Timothy Muniz. "Dulce Amor" was nominated for "Song of the Year" at the 1989 Tejano Music Awards. The song had its key signature in common time. It was performed on G minor with 106 beats per minute. The songs lyrics are about a girl expressing her emotions about a guy she really love. The song was mixed with Cumbia music and Jazz fusion.

paragraphs: "Qué" ("What") was the second single released from "Dulce Amor". The song's writer is unknown. It was produced by Manny Guerra. The song was performed on G minor with 147 beats per minute. The songs lyrics are about a girl who has been tricked into believing that a guy really loved her. She feels a sense of loneliness and doubts herself. The songs' message is that, you can't always trust someone until you get to know them for who they really are. The song was mixed with Ranchera music and Mariachi.

paragraphs: "Always Mine" was the third single released from "Dulce Amor". The song was written by A.B. Quintanilla III. It was produced by Roger Garcia, who was the former back-up guitarist for Selena y Los Dinos. "Always Mine" was selected to be remixed for "Anthology" (1998). The remixed version peaked at number four on the Hot Dance Club Songs chart and number 94 on the Canadian Hot 100. The song describes a teen romance. A young girl who is under peer pressure by her friends must decide who she wants to be with. She struggles with low self-esteem. The song had its key signature in common time. It was performed on B minor with 100 beats per minute. The song was mixed with Polka, Pop and Contemporary R&B.

paragraphs: "Cariño, Cariño Mio" ("Sweetheart, Sweetheart of Mine") was the fourth single released from "Dulce Amor". The song was written by A.B. Quintanilla III. It was produced by Lauren and Carlos Diaz. The songs lyrics are about a girl who is in love with a guy. She sings about giving anything to him, just to be with him. The song had its key signature in common time. It was performed on D major with 103 beats per minute. The song was mixed with Polka and Jazz.

paragraphs: "Quisiera Darte" ("I Give") was the fifth and last single released from "Dulce Amor". The song was written by Ricky Vela, who was the lead keyboardist for Selena y Los Dinos. The song was produced by Manny Guerra. The songs lyrics are about a girl asking her boyfriend if their relationship is "love". She tells him that she would do anything for him, and feels that their relationship is love. The song had its key signature in common time. It was performed on C minor with 93 beats per minute. The song was mixed with Jazz and Cumbia music.

paragraphs: Selena had promoted "Dulce Amor" during her Dulce Amor Tour. Selena also promoted "Preciosa" (1988) along with her Dulce Amor Tour. This was because the two albums were released in the same year. Selena had performed songs from "Dulce Amor" on the Johnny Canales Show in South Texas, she also had done live concerts across Texas. Selena earned $20,000 from the Dulce Amor Tour, which was double the amount she had made for her Preciosa Tour.

paragraphs: Norberto Garcia of "Texas Monthly" stated that "Dulce Amor" was one of Selena's "strongest" LP record because it "showcase her exotic voice and expanded her talents[...]". Domingo Rivera of "Tejano Nation" believed every song on "Dulce Amor" was horrible. Rivera stated that he did not like not even one song. He also stated that Selena could have done better with modern styles of Tejano music instead of mixing 1960s music into her songs. Rivera then stated the album was "out of date" even when it was released in 1988. Sophia Vargas of "Tejano Weekly" believed that "Dulce Amor" was not Selena's best of work. Vargas believed that RP Records did not put their "all" for Selena.

paragraphs: Credits are taken from the album's liner notes.


title: Selena Live! The Last Concert

paragraphs: Selena Live: The Last Concert is the second live album by Mexican-American Tejano pop singer, Selena. The entire album was recorded during Selena's Amor Prohibido Tour at the Houston Astrodome on February 26, 1995. Which became Selena's final televised concert before she was murdered, weeks later. The album has been certified Platinum (Latin type) by RIAA with shipments of 200,000 copies in the United States.

paragraphs: In February 2008, RIAA reduced the certification-award-levels for Oro y De Platino to Gold=50,000 and Platinum=100,000.


title: Unforgettable (series)

paragraphs: Unforgettable is a four-disc box-set series of Mexican-American Tejano pop singer, Selena. The albums were released, promotionally, during the Selena ¡VIVE! tribute concert on April 5, 2005. It managed to impact several "Billboard" music charts in the United States.

paragraphs: This box-set includes the first two "Unforgettable" series and two DVDs.


title: Mis Mejores Canciones - 17 Super Éxitos

paragraphs: Mis Mejores Canciones - 17 Super Exitos (English: "My Best Songs - 17 Super Hits") is a compilation album by Mexican-American Tejano pop singer, Selena. The album sold more than 1,200,000 copies in the United States being certified 6× Platinum by the RIAA.

paragraphs: <small>Note that RIAA has launched its Oro y De Platino certification scheme for those albums the 50% of the content of which are in Spanish, initially, the award-levels for Oro y De Platino were: Gold=100,000 and Platinum=200,000. In February 2008, RIAA reduced the certification-award-levels for Oro y De Platino to Gold=50,000 and Platinum=100,000.


title: 12 Super Éxitos

paragraphs: 12 Super Exitos is a compilation album by Mexican-American Tejano pop singer, Selena. The album sold more than 500,000 copies in the United States, being certified Gold by the RIAA.


title: But I'm a Cheerleader

paragraphs: But I'm a Cheerleader is a 1999 American LGBT-based romantic teen comedy-drama movie. The movie stars Natasha Lyonne as a high school cheerleader who thinks she's straight. But then she comes to discover that she's really a lesbian. The MPAA initially gave the movie an NC-17 rating. However, the movie was edited to get the much more marketable R rating. In 2006, the director of this movie criticized the MPAA for being prejudiced toward movies containing gay or lesbian material. But I'm a Cheerleader received mostly bad reviews from critics who did not like the movie.


title: Las Reinas Del Pueblo

paragraphs: Las Reinas Del Pueblo (English: "The Queens of The People") is a compilation album by Mexican-American Tejano pop singer, Selena and Tejano singer Graciela Beltrán. The album was released several weeks after Selena's murder. The album impacted several music charts on "Billboard".


title: Exitos Y Recuerdos

paragraphs: Exitos y Recuerdos (English: "Hits and Memories") is a compilation album by Mexican-American Tejano pop singer, Selena.


title: Siempre Selena

paragraphs: Siempre Selena (English: "Always Selena") is a compilation album by Mexican-American Tejano pop singer, Selena. The album was specially designed, featuring various drawings of Selena in stage costumes, on the front and back cover, attached to a special type of CD case. The album was geared towards Selena fans, both old and new. The album included unreleased English and Spanish tracks, as well as remixes, of both old and recent songs.

paragraphs: The album was featured at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia.


paragraphs: Selena: The Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack album for the movie of the same name. The soundtrack and movie were both inspired by Selena's life. The album sold more than 1,000,000 copies in the United States.

paragraphs: Una de las mejores canciones intercontinentwles, representa muy bien el pop.


title: Immunosuppression

paragraphs: Immunosuppression means to lower the activity of the immune system. This can be done in case the immune system is likely to complicate a medical treatment such as an organ transplantation. Some diseases make the immune system attack healthy parts of the body, for example Lupus, Rheumatoid arthritis or Multiple sclerosis. By decreasing the effectiveness of the immune system, the damage caused by the illness can be reduced. The most common drug used for this purpose is Cortisol.


title: Circle of Life

paragraphs: "Circle of Life" is a song from the 1994 animated Disney movie "The Lion King". The song's lyrics (words) were written by Tim Rice, and the music was written by Elton John. It was sung by Carmen Twillie and Lebo M. The song was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Song in 1994. Two other "Lion King" songs were also nominated: "Can You Feel the Love Tonight" and "Hakuna Matata." "Can You Feel the Love Tonight" won the award.

paragraphs: The beginning of the song is written in the Zulu language. The meaning is:


title: David Garrett

paragraphs: David Garrett (born 4 September 1980) is a German classical violinist. He studied at the Royal College of Music in London and graduated from Juilliard School in New York City. There he was one of the first students to study under Itzhak Perlman.


title: Moons of Haumea

paragraphs: The dwarf planet Haumea has two known moons, Hi'iaka and Namaka. They are named after the daughters of the Hawaiian goddess of fertility and childbirth, "Haumea". "Hi'iaka" was the goddess of dance, and "Namaka" was the goddess of water and the sea. The two moons were discovered in 2005 by the telescopes at the W. M. Keck Observatory in Hawaii.

paragraphs: The moons were formed billions of years ago after something crashed into Haumea and broke apart its layer of ice. Hi'iaka, which is about in diameter, is the larger of the two moons, and it is farther away from the planet. It has large amounts of ice on its surface. Namaka, which is only one-tenth the size, has a strange orbit, affected by the larger moon.

paragraphs: Hi'iaka was discovered on the 26 January, 2005, and was first nicknamed "Rudolph the Red Nosed Reindeer". Namaka was discovered on 30 June, 2005, and was given the nickname "Blitzen the Reindeer." They were given their official names by the International Astronomical Union on 17 September, 2008.


title: Springtail

paragraphs: Springtails (Collembola) are six-legged arthropods. They used to be thought of as proto-insects, but now they are not regarded as insects. They do not have wings.

paragraphs: They live in the soil, and eat fungal hyphae, spores, pollen and other organic material. They need moist soils, and have been known to damage crops.


title: The Bad Girls Club

paragraphs: The Bad Girls Club (or "BGC") is an American reality television show. It was created by Jonathan Murray for Oxygen TV channel. The show is about seven women who are called "bad girls" because of their bad behavior. They come from different races and backgrounds. They have psychological and behavior problems. They are put in a big house to live for three months. The production team video tapes their life inside and outside of the house. They live in the house to try and change their "bad ways" and become role models. They have to obey the rules they were given. If they don't follow them, they can be removed from the show. If this happens, a "replacement" will arrive at the house.

paragraphs: In season one and season two, the premise of the show was different from other seasons. There has been six complete seasons of "The Bad Girls Club". The ninth season is currently airing on Oxygen. The fourth season had the highest ratings. It became the "breakthrough season" for the show. The show is broadcast in five different countries. "The Bad Girls Club" was given negative feedback from television critics. This is because the show is about girls fighting. Teenagers have also pretended to be like the girls in the show. This made schools in the United States to dislike the show. Some schools even started banning the show in their cities.

paragraphs: There has been a lot of conflicts about the show. This is because some cast-members stated opinions that made the public very angry. There have been three spin-offs of "The Bad Girls Club". has been a rating success. The show is about three former "bad girls" looking for love. Oxygen released mobile games, comic strip and merchandise to help promote the show. There has been 62 people who been on the show. Kerry Harvick (from the first season) became a country singer. Tanisha Thomas (from the second season) became a host in many "Bad Girls Club" spin-offs. Amber Meade, Amber Buhl, Sarah Michaels, Kendra Jones, Natalie Nunn and Lea Beaulieu were in the "Love Games: Bad Girls Need Love Too" show.

paragraphs: The show follows seven women. They are between the ages of 21 and 27. They live in a big house for three months. The production team video tapes their lives in and out of the house. The girls are called "bad girls". This is because of their bad behavior. However, they are put in the show because they want to change their "bad ways". They also want to become role models to young women. Other "bad girls" are only there to reach goals of their own. In the show, the "bad girls" must try to live with each other. They must also try and deal with a lot of changes from their roommates. They must follow all the rules that they were given. If they break a "bad girl" breaks a rule, she will be removed from the show. A "replacement" is then brought in. A replacement is a "bad girl" who did not enter the house on the first night. She is brought in the show, to fill in. This is because the show is about seven women trying to change. The "bad girls" have to talk in a room about their day.

paragraphs: Sometimes, a "bad girl" may divide into cliques. Create bad behavior to feel happy, book parties in nightclubs and shop for food. They must also maintain their personal lives. The "bad girls" are allowed to contact their families and boyfriends (or girlfriends). They are given a home computer to communicate with the world. However, watching television and having a cell phone is not allowed. Bullying and double tagging is known to happen in the show. Double tagging means that two or more "bad girls" jump one of their roommates. Sometimes, a "bad girl" may wish to leave the show. This is because of their roommates who are bullying them, being or feeling alone, problems at home, court dates, or because they feel like they are "better" then the girls in the house.

paragraphs: It is rare if two or more replacements come into the show. The only seasons to have a lot of replacements was season one (2006), season five (2010) and season six (2011). The replacement "bad girl" is always treated badly by the original cast. It is rare if a replacement wants to leave the show. The only season to have a replacement leave was on the fifth season.

paragraphs: This is the "Bad Girls Club" creed. It was first seen in the third season.

paragraphs: The show was different in these two seasons. The age requirements were 21 and 31. "Nicknames" were not given to anyone. Nicknames started in the third season. Season one was the first season to have a lot of replacement "bad girls". Even though this season was different, the rules were kept the same for later seasons. Another thing that stood the same was how the first episode started. The first episode always starts with a physical fight. The fight that is seen, shows how the first "bad girl" is removed from the show.

paragraphs: For the second season, the show began to change. The maximum age requirements to apply dropped from 35 to 27. The cast had to work. They were given jobs that did not give them any money. They had to learn how to be dependent on others for teamwork. They also needed to build a work ethic. This skill would help them in their life after the show. If a "bad girl" wanted to quit her job or did not show up, she would be removed from the show. The girls were given the jobs of planning and decision making. This became the first and only season to have the "bad girls" working. This was also the last time episodes were only 30-minutes long.

paragraphs: The OxygenLive was released on August 3, 2010. This allowed fans of the show to submit their opinions about the season or the cast. Fans had to submit their comments on Facebook or Twitter. Their comments were then showed during the re-cap episode of "The Bad Girls Club". OxygenLive! was an online talk show. Tanisha Thomas (from season two) was the hose. The live show debuted after the first episode of the sixth season aired on Oxygen. The show was about talking with the cast of season six. Thomas gave them questions to answer from fans.

paragraphs: "Viewers" is the estimated number viewers that watched a program either while it was broadcast or watched via DVR on the same day the program was broadcast.

paragraphs: Contestant's age at the start of the season.


title: The Bad Girls Club (season 7)

paragraphs: The Bad Girls Club: New Orleans is the seventh season of the reality television series "The Bad Girls Club". Filming began in February 2011 in Kenner, Louisiana and was originally scheduled to premier on July 11, 2011. The premier date was later changed to August 1, 2011. Becoming the second season to be filmed outside of the shows original filming location, season seven's theme is Mardi Gras.

paragraphs: Oxygen confirmed that there will be a seventh season of "The Bad Girls Club" several weeks before the season finale for season six. The show was called "Bad Girls Club Boot Camp" but was later changed to "Bad Girls Club: New Orleans". Filming started in February 2011 in Kenner, Louisiana. Several weeks later, basketball coach Bryon Scott allowed production at his mansion. Tamithia Shaw, for Interim Code Enforcement (ICE), said "[she] understands the [place] will be used for four months but that pre-production work apparently has been going on for two or three weeks". She also said that the cast was not there. This began to cause an outrage from neighbors.

paragraphs: The cast of season seven were asked to model for the "House of Lounge lingerie" at the New Orleans Fashion Week in March 2011.

paragraphs: On March 13, 2011, TMZ had announced that "The Bad Girls Club" were not allowed to be at eight clubs because the clubs did not want to be associated with the show's "bad image" (not a good reputation). Season seven's cast were also not allowed at a Mardi Gras party, hosted by Pierre Thomas.

paragraphs: On April 12, 2011 Tasha Malek, one of the cast, had made a complaint about another cast member, Natasia Townsend. Malek told the local police that Townsend was removing her personal items into a garbage bag, while telling her that "she needed to leave the house". This statement outraged Malek as she and Townsend began a physical fight and wrestled to the floor. They were later given summons by the police for disturbing the peace and disorderly conduct.

paragraphs: On May 9, 2011 the following cast were confirmed.

paragraphs: In every season of "The Bad Girls Club", one or more "bad girls" will be asked to leave the house from producers because, of violence, fighting, or they will leave on their own because of stress or family problems. This then gives producers a chance at a new "bad girl" who arrives to the house a day or two to replace the "bad girl" who was removed.


title: Big Brother 13 (U.S.)

paragraphs: Big Brother 13 is the 13th season of the American reality television series

paragraphs: "Big Brother". It premiered on July 7, 2011 on the CBS television network. The show is produced by Endemol USA and Fly on the Wall Entertainment. The 13th season was confirmed on the same day as the finale of "Big Brother 12" in a press release issued from CBS.

paragraphs: Casting for "Big Brother 13" began in mid-April. Applications and video tape submissions did not have a set deadline. Applicants chosen to be a finalist went to Los Angeles, California, from which applicants were narrowed down to a pool of 40 finalists. Casting calls were held around the United States on a later date. The cast has recently been selected, and they are now in sequester.

paragraphs: The house was revealed on June 27, 2011. It features a "Venice Beach" theme. With a Katy Perry themed room, a fortune teller/tarot card room and the backyard is of graffiti.

paragraphs: In the house tour that was exclusive to Yahoo, there was room for 14 houseguests on the picture wall.

paragraphs: On the first night, the houseguests were told of a surprise. They then were told that they had to pair up in groups of two. Before the HoH (Head of Household) competition, the houseguests were welcomed to three past dous. The first were Rachel and Brendon (from Big Brother 12). The second were Jordan and Jeff (from Big Brother 11). The last dous were Danielle and Dick (from Big Brother 8). During the HoH competition, the houseguests had to hold onto a banana. They were later squirted with chocolate and whip cream, while being rocked back-and-forth, to make the competition harder. Rachel then won the first HoH competition of the summer and her partner Brendon were safe from being evicted from the game. Host, Julie Chen, told the houseguests that Rachel had to choose only one dou. She was also told that only one of them would be evicted. However, the houseguest who wasn't eliminated can be safe until there are ten remaining houseguests.

paragraphs: As revealed on ET Canada on June 28, 2011; Julie Chen revealed that Dynamic Duos of seasons past would have a major impact on this season and the twist.


title: Rings of Jupiter

paragraphs: The Rings of Jupiter are a number of rings which circle the planet Jupiter. It was the third set of rings found in the Solar System after the rings found around Saturn and Uranus. The rings are very difficult to see from Earth, needing the most powerful telescopes. They were not discovered until the Voyager 1 space probe visited the planet in 1979. The Galileo space probe carried out more studies in the 1990s. The Hubble Space Telescope and large Earth telescopes have provided information recently.

paragraphs: The ring system is faint and is made mainly of dust. It has four main parts: a thick inner ring known as the "halo" ring, a bright but very thin "main" ring, and two outer, wide, faint "gossamer" rings. These gossamer rings are made from dust from the moons Amalthea and Thebe and have been name after them. They are known as "gossamer" rings because they are transparent, or "see through".


title: Vulcanoid asteroid

paragraphs: Vulcanoid asteroids are a special group of asteroids which may orbit close to the Sun, closer than the orbit of the planet Mercury. No vulcanoid has ever been discovered; it is not known if they ever existed. Because they would orbit so close to the Sun they could only be seen during twilight, or a solar eclipse. Their very small size could make them impossible to see. This part of the Solar System is described as being gravitationally stable, and every other similar stable area has asteroids. If they do exist, vulcanoids would be made of material that could help explain the formation of the planets. If they do not exist, then theories about how the planets were formed might have to change. They are called vulcanoids after a planet, Vulcan, which early astronomers thought they had seen close to the Sun.


title: Online game

paragraphs: Online games are games usually on the internet to entertain people. They are usually games where you have to control a certain person or object to do something. Most online games use the arrow keys, space bar and other keyboard characters to control the person or object. These can be referred to as mini games.

paragraphs: The other type of online games is a larger network where players log in with a user name and the game lets them interact with other 'players' and develop statistics, high scores, earn money, awards, badges or stamps. The games tend to be based on animals or virtual worlds.


title: Damocloid

paragraphs: A damocloid is an asteroid that takes a long time to orbit the Sun. They are very similar to the periodic comets, like Halley's Comet, but a damocloid does not have a tail like a comet. They are believed to be comets that have lost their volatile material and are dormant. Scientists think that they come from the Oort cloud. This is because some damocloids, such as C/2001 OG (LONEOS), later developed tails and became comets. Some damocloids also orbit in the same direction as comets, which is the opposite direction to asteroids. By January 2010, scientists had found 41 damocloids.


title: Survivor: South Pacific

paragraphs: Survivor: South Pacific is the upcoming twenty-third season of the American CBS reality television series "Survivor", which will premiere on Wednesday, September 14, 2011. "Survivor: South Pacific" was filmed in Upolu, Samoa, where and had took place.


title: Chaykovskiy, Perm Krai

paragraphs: Chaikovskiy is a town in Perm Krai, an administrative centre of Chaikovskiy region. It was established in 1962. 82,400 people live in the town.

paragraphs: The town is west of the Ural Mountains, on the left bank of the Kama at the mouth of the small river Saygatka in the southwest of Perm Krai. The territory of Chaikovskiy is about 31 square kilometers. The town is on the plain at the bank of the Kama river.

paragraphs: Chaikovskiy is relatively far from Perm, but it has a good geographical position. It is at the meeting point of Udmurt Republic, Bashkortostan and Perm Krai.

paragraphs: Chaikovskiy is a green, comfortable town. It is surrounded by water from three sides. There are parks in the town and forests around it. A notable place of interest is a quiet street with many apple trees going from the river port to the town center. The air and water are clean in Chaykovskiy.

paragraphs: Local people like swimming, boating and water skiing in the summer. Ski jumping and biathlon are popular winter sports.


title: Abilene, Texas

paragraphs: Abilene is a city in the US state of Texas. It is the County seat of Taylor County. About 120,000 people live there.

paragraphs: The city of Abilene was started in 1881. Clabe Merchant named it after a city in Kansas. A lot of people came to live in the city. It soon became very important. Some people called it the 'Future Great City of West Texas.' A US Army base was built there in 1940. The base closed in 1945. After the base closed, it got changed to the Dyess Air Force Base. A lot of people work in the Air Force base today.

paragraphs: An American football team called the Abilene Ruff Riders is based in the city. They play their home games in the Taylor County Expo Center. Their colors are black, white and red.


title: Port Antonio, Jamaica

paragraphs: Port Antonio is a costal town in eastern Jamaica which is about 60 miles (100 km) from Kingston. In the 1880s Lorenzo Dow Baker started the banana trade in Jamaica which made Port Antonio grow quickly, with more and more tourists arriving and departing in the banana boats. Its population 1982 was 12,285 growing to 13,246 in 1991. It is the island's third largest port, famous as a shipping point for bananas and coconuts, as well as one of its most important tourist attractions. Tourism is a major contributor to the town's economy.


title: Copy editing

paragraphs: Copy editing, or "sub-editing", is the work an editor does to improve the style or accuracy of a text. The revised text should be more readable and sometimes more interesting after the editing. Also, punctuation and grammar may need correcting, but without changing the writer's general style.

paragraphs: Copy editing might not involve changing the substance of the text, unless supposed facts need correction. The word 'copy' refers to written or typewritten text for typesetting, printing, or publication. Copy editing is usually done before typesetting and proofreading. Proofreading is the last step in the editing process.

paragraphs: In the United States and Canada, an editor who does this work is called a copy editor, and an organization's highest-ranking copy editor, or the supervising editor of a group of copy editors, may be known as the copy chief, copy desk chief, or news editor.

paragraphs: In book publishing in the United Kingdom and other parts of the world that follow UK nomenclature, the term 'copy editor' is also used, but in newspaper and magazine publishing, the term is 'sub-editor' and commonly shortened to 'sub' or 'subbie'. As the 'sub' suggests, UK copy editors usually have less authority than regular editors. 'Editors' in book publishing generally have a responsibility for choosing authors and titles which will make for good sales. In magazines and newspapers they are executives, responsible for the business success of the enterprise.

paragraphs: According to experienced editors, the main things a sub-editor does are:

paragraphs: Above all, the sub should "approach every story from the point of view of the reader".


title: Mika Newton

paragraphs: Mika Newton (; born Oksana Stefanivna Gritsay, ; March 5, 1986) is a Ukrainian singer and actress. She represented Ukraine at the Eurovision Song Contest 2011 and finished fourth.

paragraphs: Mika was never married and has no children. Currently, she lives in Los Angeles, California, in the United States.


title: Quellón, Chile

paragraphs: Quellón is a commune, city and port of Chile. According to the Chilean census on 2002, Quellón has an area of and 21,823 inhabitants.

paragraphs: The name of this city comes from the mapudungun term "külon", it means Maqui in Spanish.

paragraphs: It was founded on 1905 by the distilling company "Quellón" who extracted Alcohol from the forest trees.

paragraphs: Actually, this city is the most important port in Chiloé Island because there are industries dedicated to the salmon industry and the extraction of marine products from the sea.


title: San Pedro de la Paz

paragraphs: San Pedro de la Paz is a commune and city in Chile. According to the Chilean census in 2002, San Pedro de la Paz has an area of and 80,447 inhabitants.

paragraphs: It was founded on 1604 by the Spaniard governor Alonso de Ribera but the commune was established on 1995.


title: Reed (plant)

paragraphs: Reed is the general botanical term used for tall, grass-like plants of wet places. They occur in reed beds. They are all members of the order Poales.

paragraphs: Reeds are many polyphyletic species, which have all adapted to this wet habitat by convergent evolution.

paragraphs: "Phragmites australis", the common reed, is used in many areas for thatching rooves (roofs). When thatched rooves were common, rivers were harvested for reeds every year. The reeds were stored in barns, and purchased by roofers for thatching. In the United Kingdom, common reed used for this purpose is known as "Norfolk reed" or "water reed". However, "wheat reed" and "Devon reed" are not reeds but long-stemmed wheat straw.

paragraphs: In Britain, thatching began to be less used in the early 19th century. It was replaced by slates from quarries in Wales. Later still, slate tiles were replaced by the cheaper mass-manufactured plastic tiles.

paragraphs: Reeds come from many different plants, all of which grow in or near to water. The many species come from these four families:


title: Erwin Helfer

paragraphs: Erwin Helfer (born January 21, 1936 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American boogie-woogie, blues and jazz pianist.

paragraphs: Erwin Helfer was born in Chicago and grew up there. In his younger life he was more interested in classical music than in blues. But grewing up in the 50s he got contact to blues anyway. He studied music at Tulane University in New Orleans, completing college with a degree in music. In New Orleans he studied also the local music style of the city.

paragraphs: He started his professional career with Estelle Yancey, who asked him to play with him. This was the beginning of a life long friendship.He was also mentored and influenced by Cripple Clarence Lofton, Speckled Red, and Sunnyland Slim. In the 1960s and 1970s he played with Jimmy Walker. In 1982 he started his own record label, Read Bean. There he released albums of Estelle Yancey, Blind John Davis, Johnny "Big Moose" Walker and other Chicago blues artists. He was nominated for Blues Music Awards in 2003, for 'Comeback Blues Album of the Year', for his CD I'm Not Hungry But I Like To Eat - Blues. He still plays at different blues- and jazzfestivals all over the world.(Chicago Jazz Festival, 2005–2007; Hungary's Debrecen Jazz Festival, 2005, the Chicago Blues Festival, in June 2010, and all the years in Chicago's blues clubs.)


title: Jean Harlow

paragraphs: Jean Harlow (born Harlean Harlow Carpenter; March 3, 1911—June 7, 1937) was an American actress and sex symbol of the 1930s.

paragraphs: Harlow was born on September 27, 1927 in Kansas City, Missouri. She studied at Miss Barstow's Finishing School for Girls in Kansas City. Harlow was married to Charles McGrew in 1927. They divorced in 1930. On July 2, 1932 she married Paul Bern. On September 5, 1932, Bern committed suicide. On September 13, 1933 she married Harold Rosson. They divorced on March 11, 1934. She had no children. She died at the age 26 from renal failure on June 7, 1937 in Los Angeles, California.


title: I Gotta Feeling

paragraphs: "I Gotta Feeling" is a single released in 2009 by The Black Eyed Peas from their fifth studio album, "The E.N.D." The song debuted at number 2 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 in the United States, and later hit number 1 on the U.S. charts. The song replaced the group's song, "Boom Boom Pow", at the top. "I Gotta Feeling" stayed number one for fourteen weeks in the US and topped the charts in 14 other countries. It won the Grammy for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals at the 2010 Grammy Awards.

paragraphs: In June 2018, the song was certified Diamond by the RIAA for 10 million combined units (streaming and sales) sold in the US.


title: Halloween II

paragraphs: Halloween II is a 1981 American horror movie. It is set in Illinois. It is the second movie in the "Halloween" movie series.