title: John Ratzenberger

paragraphs: John Deszo Ratzenberger (born April 6, 1947 in Bridgeport, Connecticut) is an American actor, voice actor, and entrepreneur.

paragraphs: He is best known for his role as Cliff Clavin in "Cheers" and for his role in all of the "Pixar" animated movies which includes; Hamm in "Toy Story", "Toy Story 2", "Toy Story 3", "Toy Story 4" and "", P.T. Flea in "A Bug's Life", The Abominable Snowman in "Monsters, Inc.", the school of Moonfish in "Finding Nemo", The Underminer in "The Incredibles" and in "The Incredibles 2", Mack the Truck in "Cars", "Cars 2" and in "Cars 3", Mustafa the waiter in "Ratatouille", John in "WALL-E", Tom the construction worker in "Up", Gordon the Guard in "Brave", The Abominable Snowman in "Monsters University", Fritz in "Inside Out", Earl in "The Good Dinosaur", Bill the Crab in "Finding Dory" and as Juan Ortodoncia in "Coco".

paragraphs: Ratzenberger was married to Georgia Stiny from 1985 until they divorced in 2004. Ratzenberger has a son James John (b. 1987), and a daughter Nina Kathrine (b. 1989). Ratzenberger is a Republican.


title: Shaivism

paragraphs: Shaivism is a form of Hinduism, which sees Shiva as the most important deity. In practice, there are different branches of Shaivism. Shaivism is common in India, Nepal and Sri Lanka. It can also be found in Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia.


title: Christopher Plummer

paragraphs: Arthur Christopher Orme Plummer CC (born December 13, 1929) is a Canadian stage, voice, television and movie actor.

paragraphs: His first role was in the 1958 movie "Stage Struck". He is known for his roles in "The Sound of Music", "The Night of the Generals", "The Return of the Pink Panther" and "The Man Who Would be King". Plummer won an Academy Award for his performance in "Beginners".

paragraphs: For his performance in "All the Money in the World", Plummer was nominated for the award for Best Supporting Actor, becoming the oldest person to be nominated for the Academy Award.

paragraphs: Plummer was born in Toronto. His parents were Isabella Mary (née Abbott) and John Orme Plummer. Plummer's great grandfather is Canadian prime minister John Abbott. He is the grandson of John Bethune. Plummer studied at the Canadian Repertory Theatre.

paragraphs: Plummer started acting in 1953. He played Captain von Trapp in the 1965 movie "The Sound of Music".

paragraphs: Plummer played Mike Wallace in the movie "The Insider". He played Charles Muntz in "Up". He played 1 in "9". He played Leo Tolstoy in "The Last Station". He played Doctor Parnassus in "The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus". He played Henrik Vanger in "The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo". He played Hal in "Beginners". His role as Hal led his to his Academy Award win.

paragraphs: In 2017, Plummer replaced Kevin Spacey and played J. Paul Getty in the movie "All the Money in the World".

paragraphs: Plummer has won many awards for his roles. They include an Academy Award, two Emmy Awards, two Tony Awards, a Golden Globe Award, a Drama Desk Award, a SAG Award, and a BAFTA Award. With his win of an Academy Award for his role as Hal in "Beginners", Plummer is the oldest actor to win an Academy Award.

paragraphs: Plummer is both the oldest actor to win an Oscar, aged 82, and to be nominated, aged 88.

paragraphs: Plummer married Tammy Grimes from 1956 to 1960. They had a daughter, Amanda. He married Patricia Lewis from 1962 to 1967. He married Elaine Taylor in 1970.


title: Jeffrey Tambor

paragraphs: Jeffrey Michael Tambor (born July 8, 1944 in San Francisco, California) is an American actor and voice actor who is known for his role as Hank Knigsley on "The Larry Sanders Show", King Atlantis in "SpongeBob SquarePants", and as George Bluth, Sr. and Oscar Bluth on "Arrested Development". He won a Golden Globe Award and an Emmy Award in 2015.

paragraphs: Tambor was married to Kathryn Mitchell from 1991 until they divorced in 1999. He is currently married to Kasia Ostlun since 2001 and have 4 children together.


title: Bill Cobbs

paragraphs: Wilbert "Bill" Cobbs (born June 16, 1934) is an American movie and television actor. He has starred in over 120 movies and television programs.

paragraphs: Cobbs was born on June 16, 1934 in Cleveland, Ohio. Cobbs is the second cousin of the late African American actor James Baskett.

paragraphs: Cobbs career began during 1973 in the movie "Santa Buddies: The Legend of Santa Paws". He is known for his role in "The Bodyguard". Cobbs latest appearance was in "The Muppets" (2011) and in "Oz the Great and Powerful" (2013). Cobbs is not married and lives in Los Angeles, California and in New York City, New York. Cobbs continues to act.


title: World line

paragraphs: A world line is the unique path that an object has as it travels through both space and time, usually called spacetime. As we learn from special relativity, the faster an object goes, the more time slows down for that object. As you can see in the illustration to the right, the slower object has a quicker passage of time than the very fast object, the one which time passes much more slowly for. When an object reaches the speed of light, it will be zero on the "t" axis, meaning that it will have made no progress in the time direction. Basically, the world lines show that when the speed of light is reached, time stops for the observer. World lines are very often used in theoretical physics and special relativity, as well as general relativity.

paragraphs: The concept of world lines is used widely in theoretical physics, for it shows some interesting facts about high-speed motion. For example, the time dilation equation presented by Albert Einstein is algebraically undefined when an object's velocity is the speed of light, but using world lines one can find that when the speed is the speed of light, time will stop. Although Einstein's equation (for time dilation) does show that an object going faster than light goes backward in time, the same concept can be described using world lines.


title: Vase in the Form of a Phallus

paragraphs: Vase in the Form of a Phallus is an ancient Greek terracotta vase in the form of a flaccid, uncircumcised, penis. The scrotum and pubic hair are depicted. Its overall measurements are 4 ½ 4 3 ½ (11.4 10.2 8.9 ). It dates back to the Archaic period, about 550 BC to 500 BC. Phallic vases are rare in Archaic Greek pottery, and this vase is thought to have held a perfumed oil, used for erotic or medicinal purposes. It is also believed to have been made in Rhodes. The museum writes that the vase displays a playfulness typical of Greek art.


title: Noureddine Morceli

paragraphs: Noureddine Morceli (born February 28, 1970 in Ténès, Chlef Province) is a retired Algerian athlete. He won the 1500 m run at the 1996 Summer Olympics. He won the silver medal in the 1500 m at the World Junior Championships in 1988. Morceli went to college in Riverside, California.

paragraphs: Morceli was coached by his brother Abderrahmane. His brother ran for Algeria in the Moscow Olympics of 1980 and in Los Angeles in 1984.


title: Mohamed Bahari

paragraphs: Mohamed Bahari (born June 29, 1976 in Sidi Bel Abbes, Algeria) is a boxer from Algeria.

paragraphs: Bahari won the bronze medal in the middleweight division (71–75 kg) at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta. Bahari became a professional boxer in 2003. His last fight was in 2004. He retired with a record of 3-2-2.


title: George Ryan

paragraphs: George Homer Ryan, Sr. (born February 24 1934) is an American politician. He is a Republican. He was the former Governor of Illinois. He is a member for the United States Republican Party. His political career was tarnished due to scandals and corruption: Ryan was found guilty on almost all charges and sent to prison. He was released in 2013. Ryan was Illinois' Governor beginning 1999 until 2003. He is listed as Federal Inmate Number 16627-424, and was scheduled July 4, 2013. He was released in June 2013.


title: Nouria Mérah-Benida

paragraphs: Nouria Mérah-Benida (born October 19, 1970 in Algiers) is an Algerian middle distance runner.

paragraphs: At the 1999 All-Africa Games in Johannesburg Mérah-Benida won silver medals in both 800 metres and 1500 metres. At the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney she won the gold medal. In 2000 she also won an 800 m silver medal and a 1500 m gold medal at the African Championships.


title: Ali Saïdi-Sief

paragraphs: Ali Saidi-Sief (born March 15, 1978 in Constantine) is an Algerian Olympic runner. His speciality is the 1500 m race. He won a silver medal in the 2000 Summer Olympics for the 5000 m.

paragraphs: Saidi-Sief received a two-year suspension from the International Association of Athletics Federations. He failed a urine test at the 2001 World Championships in Athletics in Edmonton, Canada. He tested positive for nandrolone, a banned performance-enhancing steroid.


title: Djabir Saïd-Guerni

paragraphs: Djabir Saïd-Guerni (born March 29, 1977 in Algiers) is an Algerian retired athlete. He ran in the 800 metres. He won a bronze medal in the 2000 Summer Olympics.

paragraphs: He announced his retirement on 6 May 2007, following injury problems. His personal best time was 1:43.09 minutes. He got this in September 1999 in Brussels.


title: Abderrahmane Hammad

paragraphs: Abderrahmane Hammad Zaheer (born May 27, 1977 in Dellys) is a former Algerian track and field athlete. He was in the high jump. He won the bronze medal in the 2000 Summer Olympics. He was also in the 2004 Athens Olympics. His personal best of 2.34 m is the Algerian record for the event. He retired from the sport in 2010.

paragraphs: Hammad began his international career as a junior in 1994. He won the high jump silver medals at the African Junior Athletics Championships and Pan Arab Junior Championships. He went on to win the African Junior gold medal the following year. Then he won the Arab Junior title in 1996. He was at the 1996 World Junior Championships in Athletics but did not make it into the final round.

paragraphs: Hammad had his first international success at senior level in 1997. He won the silver at both the Pan Arab Championships and the 1997 Pan Arab Games.

paragraphs: The 2000 season was the top of his career. He kept his title at the 2000 African Championships in Athletics in Algiers. He made his areer best jump of 2.34 m. He then was in his first Olympicss at the 2000 Sydney Games. He won the bronze medal. He won the high jump at the 2001 Mediterranean Games. He was ninth at the 2001 World Championships in Athletics. He won his third high jump title in a row at the 2002 African Championships in Athletics. He took bronze at the 2002 IAAF Grand Prix Final. He placed fourth for Africa at the 2002 IAAF World Cup.

paragraphs: He represented Algeria for a second time at the Olympics at the 2004 Games in Athens. He failed to reach the final. He was at the 2004 Pan Arab Games and took the high jump title.


title: Mohamed Allalou

paragraphs: Mohamed Allalou (born September 28, 1973) is an Algerian boxer. He was in the Men's Light Welterweight division at the 2000 Summer Olympics. He won the bronze medal. He was also in the 1996 Summer Olympics.


title: Epiktetos

paragraphs: Epiktetos was an ancient Greek potter and vase painter. His name means "newly acquired". He may have been a slave, as were most potters and painters in ancient Greece. He worked mostly with cups and plates between 520 and 490 BC in the red-figure style. He signed more than half his works. He was an expert with the "tondo"the circular picture at the bottom of a cup. He painted mostly everyday scenes rather than mythological ones. His end is unknown.


title: Soraya Haddad

paragraphs: Soraya Haddad (born September 30, 1984 in El-Kseur) is an Algerian judoka. She won the bronze medal in the Women's 52 kg weight class at the 2008 Summer Olympics. She was African champion four times: 2004, 2005, 2008 and 2011. She also won the bronze medal in the 48 kg category in the 2005 World Championships in Egypt..


title: Amar Benikhlef

paragraphs: Amar Benikhlef (born 11 January 1982) is an Algerian judoka. He won the silver medal in the 90 kg group of Judo in 2008.


title: Kalos inscription

paragraphs: A kalos inscription is a marking on ancient Greek pottery. They were prevalent during the Classical period (550 to 450 BC). "Kalos" (καλός) means "beautiful", and in these inscriptions it had an erotic meaning. The word kalos was followed by the beloved's nameusually a youth, but sometimes a girl or woman working as a prostitute. These inscriptions are usually found on the drinking cups used during a drinking party. They were probably declarations of love. They are sometimes found as graffiti on walls.


title: Koji Murofushi

paragraphs: Murofushi was born in Numazu, Shizuoka Prefecture. His family were international sports competitors. His early interest in the hammer was encouarged by his father, Shigenobu Murofushi, who is an Olympic athlete and Asian Games champion. He is the brother of Yuka Murofushi, who is also an Olympian.

paragraphs: Murofushi won the gold medal in the hammer throw at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens.

paragraphs: He won the bronze medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London.


title: Lachesis (genus)

paragraphs: Lachesis, also known as the "bushmasters", is a genus of venomous Pit vipers found in forests of Central and South America. The name ""Lachesis"" is also the name of one of the Three Fates in Greek mythology. There are currently three species found.

paragraphs: Adult bushmasters can grow up to the length of 2 meters (6.5 ft) to 2.5 meters (8.25 ft), but there have been some which have grown up to the length of 3 meters (10 ft). The largest one ever found was 3.65 meters (12 ft) long, making the bushmasters the longest venomous snakes in the Western Hemisphere and the longest vipers in the world. They are not the heaviest vipers in the world, but adults usually weigh up to 3 to 5 kg (6.6 to 11 Ib).

paragraphs: Bushmasters are found in forest areas of Central and South America. They are also found on the island Trinidad

paragraphs: Bushmasters are oviparous: they lay eggs. This makes bushmasters different to other pit vipers found in the New World, because other pit vipers are viviparous, they give live birth instead of laying eggs. A female can lay around a dozen eggs at a time. The female stays with her eggs until they have hatched and may attack any predator that comes near the nest.

paragraphs: The bushmasters are one of the largest and dangerous snakes in South America, and can inject a large amount of venom into their enemies. Even young bushmaster's bites are harmful, but bushmasters are nocturnal (they are active at night), so not a lot of people have been bitten by them.


title: Leonid Yengibarov

paragraphs: Leonid Georgievich Yengibarov (; ; March 15, 1935 – July 25, 1972) was a Soviet clown and actor.

paragraphs: Yengibarov was born in Moscow. His father was Armenian. His mother was Russian. He started his career as a boxer. In 1955 he joined the State School of Circus Art. After graduation in 1959 he moved to Yerevan and joined the Armenian state circus.

paragraphs: He was one of the first Soviet clowns to create the poetic, intellectual clownery. He was invited to work in cinema. His first film was "A Path to the Arena".

paragraphs: In 1960s he was known as one of the best clowns in the USSR and Eastern bloc. He created a pantomime troupe, and managed to stage only a single piece, "Star Rain" before his death in 1972.

paragraphs: Daughter: Barbara Yengibarova (Born in 1965)


title: Great Sandy Desert

paragraphs: The Great Sandy Desert is a desert in the northwest of Australia, mostly in Western Australia. It is the second-largest desert in Australia (after the Great Victoria Desert). It covers about . South of the Great Sandy Desert is the Gibson Desert, and to the east is the Tanami Desert.

paragraphs: There are not many people living in the Great Sandy Desert. Most of them are Aboriginal communities and mining towns. The Aboriginal people of the desert fall into two main groups: the Martu in the west and the Pintupi in the east. They both speak Western Desert languages.

paragraphs: The area does not get much rain, but even in the driest parts rainfalls rarely drop below . The rate of evaporation (how quickly the water dries up) is very high. Most of the rain comes from thunderstorms. Many drought years end with a monsoon or tropical cyclone. On average for most of the area, there are about 20-30 days where thunderstorms form.

paragraphs: Most of the plants growing across the Great Sandy Desert are spinifex grasses. Animals living in the desert include dingos, red kangaroo, monitor lizards, bilbies, marsupial mole, thorny devils, bearded dragons and many other species of lizard.

paragraphs: The first European to cross the desert was Peter Warburton. He made the journey from Alice Springs leaving in April 1873 and arriving at De Grey Station in January 1874. When Warburton arrived, he was starving and blind in one eye. He thanked his survival on his Aboriginal companion Charley.


title: The Disrobing of Christ (painting)

paragraphs: The Disrobing of Christ is an oil painting by El Greco. It was completed in the spring of 1579 for the High Altar of the sacristy of the Cathedral of Toledo, where it still hangs. It measures 285 x 173cm. Harold Wethey says that the painting is a "masterpiece of extraordinary originality". The power of the picture depends upon El Greco's original and forceful use of color.


title: Azemiopinae

paragraphs: Azemiopinae, commonly known as the ""Fea's vipers"", is a monotypic subfamily made for a monotypic genus, "Azemiops", which contains the venomous viper, Azemiops Feae. It is found on the mountains of Southeast Asia.

paragraphs: The Feas's vipers can grow up to the length of 77 cm. They are blueish-gray or black in color with orange crossbands, the head is orange while the chin and throat is yellow, it also has yellow eyes.

paragraphs: The Fea's viper is found in northern Vietnam, southern China, south-east Myanmar, and south-east Tibet. In China the Fea's viper is found in Fujien, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Kweichow, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang.

paragraphs: The Fea's viper is found on mountains which have an altitude of 1000 meters. It prefers to live in cool climates which have an average temperature of 18-25 °C. In Vietnam it is found in bamboo forests.

paragraphs: The Fea's viper is said to be nocturnal, but some people say that it crepuscular, and it hibernates in the winter. When disturbed, the Fea's viper flattens its body to make it look wider, and opens its mouth widely to show its fangs, giving its head a triangular shape. It sometimes also vibrates it tail. Fea's vipers are said to eat small mammals.


title: Parable of the Prodigal Son

paragraphs: The Parable of the Prodigal Son is one of the parables of Jesus. It is found only in the Gospel of Luke at 15:11-32. The parable is about a son who wastes his share of his father's estate. He loses all his money and gets work feeding pigs—one of the lowest jobs a person can do according to the Jewish religion. He repents and returns to his father's house. He is welcomed and a feast is held. His older, dutiful brother who has worked without reward for his father resents the fuss made over the prodigal son. His father reminds him that all he has is his. He says they should still celebrate the return of the younger boy because he has come back to them. In the Western Catholic church, this parable is usually read on the third Sunday of Lent. In the Eastern Orthodox Church it is read on the "Sunday of the Prodigal Son". The parable is the subject of much art, music, literature, and stage works.

paragraphs: This is the last of three parables about loss and redemption. It follows the Parable of the Lost Sheep and the Parable of the Lost Coin. Jesus tells this parable after the Pharisees and religious leaders accuse him of welcoming and eating with "sinners." The father's joy described in the parable reflects divine love, the "boundless mercy of God," and "God's refusal to limit the measure of his grace."


title: Parable of the Mustard Seed

paragraphs: The Parable of the Mustard Seed is one of the parables of Jesus. It is found in three of the Gospels of the New Testament: Gospel of Matthew (13:31–32), Gospel of Mark (4:30–32), and Gospel of Luke (13:18–19). The differences among the three tellings are minor.

paragraphs: In Matthew and Luke, this parable is followed by the Parable of the Leaven. The Parable of the Leaven also has a theme about the Kingdom of Heaven growing from small beginnings. A version of the parable also occurs in the non-canonical Gospel of Thomas 20.

paragraphs: The parable from Matthew reads: "The Kingdom of Heaven is like a grain of mustard seed, which a man took, and sowed in his field; which indeed is smaller than all seeds. But when it is grown, it is greater than the herbs, and becomes a tree, so that the birds of the air come and lodge in its branches." The parables from Mark and Luke are similar.


title: Parable of the Lost Sheep

paragraphs: The Parable of the Lost Sheep is one of the parables of Jesus. It is found in the Gospel of Matthew at 18:12–14 and the Gospel of Luke at 15:3–7. It also appears in the non-canonical Gospel of Thomas. The parable is one of three that tell of loss and redemption. The others are The Lost Coin and The Prodigal Son. The Lost Sheep tells of a shepherd who leaves his 99 sheep to search for one sheep that is lost. Joel B. Green writes that "these parables are ... about God, ... their aim is to lay bare the nature of the divine response to the recovery of the lost." The parable has been depicted often in art.


title: Brandenburg Gate (Potsdam)

paragraphs: The Brandenburg Gate () on the "Luisenplatz" in Potsdam, should not be confused with the gate of the same name on Berlin's "Pariser Platz", it was built in 1770/71 by Carl von Gontard and Georg Christian Unger by order of Frederick II of Prussia. It stands at the western end of "Brandenburger Straße", which runs in a straight line up to the Church of St. Peter and St. Paul.

paragraphs: Previously, from 1733, there was another, simpler gate on the same spot, which resembled a castle gateway. Together with the city wall, a form of toll barrier, and the other gates it was intended to prevent desertion and smuggling.

paragraphs: Towards the end of the Seven Years' War, Frederick the Great had the old gate demolished and built, in its stead, this new Brandenburg Gate, as a symbol of his victory.

paragraphs: Since the city wall was demolished around 1900 the Brandenburg Gate has been a free-standing structure.


title: Frogs as pets

paragraphs: Frogs have become a popular exotic pet. They can be kept in basic conditions, compared to reptiles. They are not expensive and their food is easily purchased. Common pet frogs includes ranids, hylids, bufonids, leptodactylids, and dendrobatids.

paragraphs: Pet frogs can be fed a lot of different live foods. These include crickets, rodents and fish. Small pet frogs will only eat crickets, fruit flies, springtails and other small arthropods. Medium-sized pet frogs can be fed larger crickets, mealworms, butterworms, silkworms, grasshoppers and small fish. Large pet frogs like Ceratophrys frogs, can be fed small fish, other frogs, reptiles, and small mammals such as mice or rats.

paragraphs: Amphibians of all sizes would need different terrariums. Tree frogs like to climb and can escape if a pet owner does not add a top cover for their tanks. Semi-aquatic amphibians need both land and water divided in the tank. Tropical frogs would need mist and high humidity in their terrariums. All amphibians water must be treated with dechlorination. The chlorine can kill amphibians, and are found in tap water. Many amphibians are a popular exotic pet and are found in pet stores that sell reptiles.


title: Bombinatoridae

paragraphs: Bombinatoridae or Fire-bellied toads is a family of toads. It includes two genus "Barbourula" and "Bombina". They have bright colors which means that they are toxic.


title: Debbie Allen

paragraphs: Deborrah Kaye "Debbie" Allen (born January 16 1950, Houston ) is an American dancer, actress and television producer. She also taught choreography and acted in Broadway plays.


title: Ascaphidae

paragraphs: Ascaphidae is a family of frogs. They are called tailed frogs because they have an organ that looks like a tail. The tail helps them to live in fast-moving streams. They live in North America.


title: Pipidae

paragraphs: The Pipidae is a family of frogs. They do not have tongues. There are over 30 species of Pipidae frogs. They are found in tropical places in South America and Africa.


title: African bullfrog

paragraphs: The African bullfrog ("Pyxicephalus adspersus") is a species of frog. They are in the Ranidae family. They are commonly named pixie frog because of their Latin name. They are found in Angola, Botswana, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Eswatini, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and possibly Democratic Republic of the Congo. They live in dry savannas, subtropical or tropical habitats. Males are bigger longer than females.


title: Twyla Tharp

paragraphs: Twyla Tharp (born July 1 1941) is an American dancer and choreographer. She lives and works in New York City.

paragraphs: Her work often uses classical music, jazz, and contemporary pop music. In 1973, Tharp choreographed the ballet "Deuce Coupe" to the music of The Beach Boys. It is considered to be the first crossover ballet. Later she choreographed "Push Comes to Shove". That ballet featured Mikhail Baryshnikov and is now thought to be the best example of the crossover ballet.

paragraphs: Tharp has choreographed dances for many important ballet companies around the world. She also has had success on Broadway. In 1985, her staging of "Singin' in the Rain," played at the Gershwin for 367 performances. Her dance musical "Movin' Out" ran for 1,331 performances on Broadway. The musical is set to the music and lyrics of Billy Joel. It received 10 Tony Award nominations and Tharp was named Best Choreographer.

paragraphs: Twyla Tharp received two Emmy Awards, 19 honorary doctorates, the Vietnam Veterans of America President’s Award, the 2004 National Medal of the Arts.

paragraphs: Tharp was inducted into the Academy of Achievement in 1993.

paragraphs: She was named a Kennedy Center Honoree for 2008.


title: Chytridiomycosis

paragraphs: Chytridiomycosis is an infectious disease of amphibians. They are caused by the chytrid "Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis". Chytridiomycosis is believed to be one of the many reasons why amphibian population is declining. They have also made many species extinct. The fungus is capable of causing deaths in some amphibian populations and 100% mortality in others. There is no cure. The fungus has decreased the amphibian population by 30% worldwide.


title: Temnospondyl

paragraphs: Temnospondyls are an order of small to giant batrachomorph tetrapods. They lived worldwide from the Carboniferous to the Triassic. A few species continued into the Lower Cretaceous.

paragraphs: The Temnospondyls are similar or identical to the Labyrinthodonts minus the Lepospondyls. It is probably an evolutionary grade, not monophyletic. It is convenient to use, because all these early amphibia were so different from present-day amphibia. Many in the early Permian looked more like reptiles because they were adapted to life in a drier climate. Nevertheless, they were amphibians, and many larval stages have been found.

paragraphs: They are a large group of some 40 families and 160 genera. Fossils have been found on every continent. Their evolutionary history spans 210 million years. During this time, they adapted to a wide range of habitats including fresh water, terrestrial, and even coastal marine environments.

paragraphs: Fossils are known from the larval stage, metamorphosis, and maturity. Most temnospondyls were semiaquatic, although some were almost fully terrestrial, returning to the water only to breed. These temnospondyls were some of the first vertebrates fully adapted to life on land. Although temnospondyls are considered amphibians, many had characteristics such as scales, claws, and armour-like bony plates which modern amphibians do not have.


title: Lepospondyl

paragraphs: The Lepospondyli are a large group of batrachomorph tetrapods from the Palaeozoic era. They are sometimes included in the Labyrinthodonts.

paragraphs: They lived during the Carboniferous to the early Permian. There are six different groups. The Acherontiscidae, Adelospondyli, Aïstopoda, Lysorophia, Microsauria and Nectridea. The included species which looked somewhat like newts, eels, snakes and lizards. Some of them were aquatic, semi-aquatic, and terrestrial animals. None of them were big animals.


title: Peltobatrachus

paragraphs: Peltobatrachus (from Greek pelte, meaning shield and batrakhos, meaning frog) is an extinct genus of temnospondyl amphibians from the late Permian period of Tanzania. They were large and slow-moving animals. They reached 70 centimeters (2.3 ft) in length. They were terrestrial amphibians. They only went back to the water to lay their eggs. They eat insects, worms and snails.


title: Terrestrial animal

paragraphs: A terrestrial animal is an animal that lives on land such as dog, cat, an ant or an emu. It can also be used for some species of amphibians that only go back to the water to lay their eggs. It is usually a term to describe the difference between animals that live in water, (such as lobsters and fish), from animals that live on land.


title: Sister group

paragraphs: A sister group or sister taxon is a term used to describe the closest relatives of an organism (or other taxon) in a phylogenetic tree. It is a term in cladistics.

paragraphs: The sister group of organism A is B. The sister group of the clade B+A, is C.


title: Reptiliomorpha

paragraphs: Reptiliomorpha is a clade of the amniotes and those tetrapods that share a more recent common ancestor with amniotes than with living amphibians (lissamphibians).

paragraphs: Unfortunately, different experts have used the term in several different ways. It has even been used for fossils of early amphibians. It is best used for animals which lay cleidoic eggs, but are not synapsids. Otherwise precursors of reptiles (sauropsids) get lumped together with precursors of mammals (synapsids).

paragraphs: Its only justification is that it may not always be possible to decide which group a fossil is from. But gradually, as with "Seymouria", it is possible to separate fossils into more specific grouups.


title: Youth Riding a Hippalektryon (Epiktetos)

paragraphs: Youth Riding a Hippalektryon is a circular painting (tondo) in the bottom of the bowl of an ancient Greek terracotta drinking cup. It was painted by Epiktetos. It is dated to the Archaic period of Greek art (ca. 530–520 BC). The cup stands about 5 1/8 in. (13 cm) tall. A hippalektryon is a mythical creature, part horse and part rooster. The cup is held in the collections of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. The museum writes, "Late sixth-century vases connected with drinking occasionally have subjects that go beyond the familiar gorgons, griffins, or sphinxes. The hippalektryon belongs to this category. It is interesting to compare this piece to the fine early red-figure plate by Epiktetos showing a youth riding a rooster."


title: Spy-fi

paragraphs: The genre known as Spy-fi is a cross-over between the genres of spy fiction and science fiction. The story usually involves a spy with advanced technological weapons or gadgets, and sometimes the villain is a mad scientist or evil genius with robots or advanced technological weapons and gadgets. The film and novel series "James Bond" was a popularizer of the genre, as well as such TV shows as The Man from UNCLE, , and I Spy.


title: Amanda Marshall

paragraphs: Amanda Marshall (born August 29, 1972) is a Canadian pop-rock singer. Her self-titled first record was in 1995. It was a major success in Canada. Her most successful single was "Birmingham". Marshall has released many singles. She has not had a studio album since around 2001.


title: Singing Reveler (Epiktetos)

paragraphs: Singing Reveler is the tondo (circular painting) in a terracotta drinking cup said to have been painted by Epiktetos. It is dated about 520510 BC. The cup measures 3 1/16 x 9 15/16 x 7 1/16 to 7 3/16 in. The cup is in the collections of The J. Paul Getty Museum.

paragraphs: The tondo depicts an older, balding man reclining on a couch and singing. The setting is probably a drinking party ("symposium"). These cups were meant to be used at such parties and were often decorated with party scenes.

paragraphs: The tondo presented problems to painters. It was difficult to present upright figures in a circle. Epiktetos solved this problem by using the couch as a line. The man's mantle slipping from the couch creates depth and space. The museum writes, "Epiktetos also used the circular frame of the tondo as part of the composition: it supports the man's pillow, and he props his foot on it."


title: Pentathletes (Carpenter Painter)

paragraphs: Pentathletes is a painting on an ancient Greek terracotta drinking cup from Athens. It is said to be the work of the Carpenter Painter. It is dated about 510500 BC. The cup measures 4 5/16 x 15 x 13 3/16 in. In the circular painting (tondo) at the bottom of the bowl of the cup, a youth pulls an older man to him for a kiss. The outside of the cup depicts bearded men and youths exercising with discus and javelin. A youth in a long robe plays music. The pictures reflect the interests of the aristocrats who would have used such a cup at a drinking party.


title: Salt pan

paragraphs: A salt plain (also known as a salt pan or salt flat) is a flat area of ground covered with salt and other minerals. They are usually purely white. They are found in desert areas. In areas where salt plains form, the rate of evaporation (how quickly water dries up) is faster than the rate of precipitation (how often rain falls). A salt plain is formed where a lake or pond would otherwise be found. When the water dries up, the minerals stay left behind on the suface of the ground. Over thousands of years, the minerals (usually salts) build up on the surface.

paragraphs: Large salt plains are common in the Sahara Desert, the Kalahari Desert, the Rann of Kutch, the western United States and the central deserts of Australia. The Altiplano in Bolivia has the world's largest salt plan, the Salar de Uyuni.


title: Witchetty grub

paragraphs: A witchetty grub (also spelled witchety grub or witjuti grub) is the large, white larva of a moth. It is a name used in Australia. Normally, it refers to the larvae of the cossid moth "Endoxyla leucomochla", found in central Australia. These moths eat the roots of the witchetty bush (a plant named after the grubs). It is also sometimes used to refer to the larvae of other cossid moths, as well as those of ghost moths (Hepialidae). It is used mainly when the larvae are being thought of as food. Because it contains a lot of protein, the grub is the most important insect food of the desert. It was a staple in the diets of nomadic Aboriginal people living in the outback.

paragraphs: The name "witchetty" (or "witjuti") comes from the Adnyamathanha language. The name comes from the words "wityu" (meaning "hooked stick") and "vartu" (meaning "grub").


title: Carpenter Painter

paragraphs: The Carpenter Painter was a red-figure vase painter. He worked in Athens. He was active between 515 and 500 BC. He chiefly painted cups. His real name is unknown. "Carpenter Painter" is taken from his depiction of a carpenter at work on a cup in the British Museum. Few of his works are known. The way he painted nipples, pectorals, hands, garments, and other details identify his work.


title: John Astin

paragraphs: John Allen Astin (born March 30, 1930) is an American movie, television, stage, voice, and radio actor. He has acted in many movies and television shows. He is best known for his role as Gomez Addams in "The Addams Family", his role in "Evil Roy Slade", and other comedic characters.

paragraphs: Astin was born on March 30, 1930 in Baltimore, Maryland. He studied at Washington & Jefferson College and at Johns Hopkins University.

paragraphs: Astin was married to Suzanne Hahn from 1956 until they divorced in 1972. He was married to Patty Duke from 1972 to 1985. He married Valeri Ann Sandobal in 1989. Astin had five sons; three by Hahn (David, Allen, and Tom), one by Duke (Mackenzie) and one adopted by Astin and Duke (Sean). Astin lives in Baltimore, Maryland.


title: Peter O'Toole

paragraphs: Peter Seamus Lorcan O'Toole (2 August 1932 – 14 December 2013) was an Irish movie and stage actor. He was known for his stage plays that were mostly based on that of William Shakespeare.

paragraphs: O'Toole's career lasted almost 60 years. He became famous for his role as T. E. Lawrence in "Lawrence of Arabia" (1962). He received his first Academy Award nomination for that role. He received seven more Academy Award nominations – for "Becket" (1964), "The Lion in Winter" (1968), "Goodbye, Mr. Chips" (1969), "The Ruling Class" (1972), "The Stunt Man" (1980), "My Favorite Year" (1982), and "Venus" (2006). O'Toole holds the record for the most Academy Award nominations by an actor without a win.

paragraphs: O'Toole won four Golden Globes, a BAFTA Award, and an Emmy Award. He also received an honorary Academy Award in 2003.

paragraphs: O'Toole died on 14 December 2013 in London, England from stomach cancer. He was 81 years old.

paragraphs: O'Toole was born on 2 August 1932 in Connemara, County Galway, Irish Free State. His mother was Constance Jane Eliot (née Ferguson), a Scottish nurse. His father was Patrick Joseph O'Toole, an Irish footballer.

paragraphs: O'Toole was raised as an Irish Catholic. He was raised in Leeds, West Riding of Yorkshire, England and stayed there until he was forced out due to World War II. O'Toole studied to become an actor at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art from 1952 until 1954.

paragraphs: O'Toole's career began in 1954 on stage. His movie career began in 1960 in the movie "Kidnapped" as Robin MacGregor. His became famous when he played T. E. Lawrence in "Lawrence of Arabia". He became one of the most famous actors during the 1960s and 1970s. In 1972 O'Toole played both Miguel de Cervantes and Don Quixote in "Man of La Mancha".

paragraphs: In 1980, he received good reviews for playing the director in the behind-the-scenes movie "The Stunt Man". He received mixed reviews as John Tanner in "Man and Superman" and as Henry Higgins in "Pygmalion". He won a Laurence Olivier Award for his performance in "Jeffrey Bernard is Unwell" (1989).

paragraphs: O'Toole played King Priam in the 2004 movie "Troy". His last worldwide movie role was as food critic Anton Ego in the 2007 Disney-Pixar movie "Ratatouille". On 10 July 2012 O'Toole released a statement that he would be retiring.

paragraphs: O'Toole was nominated for eight Academy Awards. He holds the record of having the most nominations for an Academy Award without winning. He won four Golden Globes, a BAFTA Award, and an Emmy Award. In 2003 O'Toole received an honorary Academy Award.

paragraphs: O'Toole was married to Siân Phillips from 1959 until they divorced in 1979. O'Toole had three children; two daughters with Phillips (Kate and Patricia) and a son by his girlfriend Karen Brown (Lorcan Patrick O'Toole). O'Toole lived in London, England. He was lifelong friends with Irish actor Richard Harris until Harris' death in 2002.

paragraphs: O'Toole recovered from stomach cancer in the 1970s. He also had stomach cancer for the last eighteen months of his life. He died of the disease in the Wellington Hospital in London, aged 81. President of Ireland Michael D. Higgins lead a tribute to O'Toole. Higgins called O'Toole "a friend".

paragraphs: O'Toole's funeral was held on 20 December 2013 at his London home. Rock star Sting and ex-wife Siân attended his funeral. His remains were later cremated. O'Toole's remains ware being planned to be taken back to his birthplace of Connemara, Ireland. His daughter Kate said, "We're bringing him home. It's what he would have wanted." At the mean time, O'Toole's ashes are kept in a safe in the Irish presidential mansion.


title: Cerastes

paragraphs: Cerastes is a genus of small venomous vipers growing up to the length of around 50 cm. There are currently three species found. They are usually known as the ""Horned Vipers"", the ""North African Desert Vipers"", or the ""Cerastes Vipers"".

paragraphs: The Horned Viper is nocturnal and terrestrial (lives on the ground), and is usually found buried underneath the sand. They are said to be slow moving, but they are able to do sidewinding. When they do sidewinding they can move faster across the sand. They are able to sink into the sand by moving in a rocking motion. They sink into the sand tail first and keep on sinking deeper into the sand until only their eyes and nose are sticking out of the sand. The reason they do this is so they can ambush prey which come close to it. They are oviparous, meaning they lay eggs. They live in the deserts of North Africa, Arabia, and Iran.

paragraphs: The Horned Viper catch their prey by ambushing. They eat mainly rodents, birds and lizards.


title: Las Vegas culture

paragraphs: Las Vegas culture is the name for a number of setltements on the coast of present-day Ecuador. These settlements were created between roughly 8000 and 4600 BCE. In total, there are 31 settlements. The people who lived there were hunter-gatherers. They had also started agriculture. Bone points and a spatula have been discovered. They may have been used for making nets or textiles, along with various tools and containers shaped of shell; wood, bamboo, reeds, and bark are also believed to have been used in the tool industry.

paragraphs: No mummies have been found on the coast of Ecuador. The Las Vegas people had similarities with the people whose remains are preserved as the Chinchorro mummies of the north coast of Chile.They also lived at the same time.


title: Yu Kil-chun

paragraphs: Yu Kil-chun (, 1856-1914) was a Korean politician, philosopher, thinker, reform activist and independence activist during the Joseon Dynasty. His nickname was Gudang, Chunmin, Guyil.

paragraphs: Yu Kil-chun was born in Kwangju. In his early years he studied under Park Kyu-su and Oh Kyung-suk. As a young man in 1881, he went to Meiji Japan to study at Keio University. He then went to the United States in 1884 to study mathematics. After his he was accused of supporting the "Gaehwadang" (enlightenment party). He was arrested and put in jail from 1885 to 1894.

paragraphs: Between 1894 and 1895, Yu worked for the government of prime minister Kim Hongjip. He was Vice Minister of State for Home Office. In October 1895, Korea's King Gojong claimed that Yu was involved in the assassination of Queen Min. Kim was killed and his cabinet was disbanded. Yu went to the Russian embassy and escaped the country for exile in Japan. He returned to Korea in 1907 after he was pardoned by Emperor Sunjeong.

paragraphs: In 1910, when Korea was annexed by Imperial Japan, Yun started a movement against the annexation. Yu was offered the title "danshaku" by the Government of Japan, but he refused it. He died in 1914 of a heart problem. He was aged 58.


title: Katherine Jackson

paragraphs: Katherine Esther Jackson (born May 4, 1930 as Kattie B. Screws) is the matriarch of the Jackson family of musicians and singers, including Michael Jackson, La Toya and Janet Jackson. She married Joe Jackson since 1949.

paragraphs: Jackson had 10 children. Several of the children became famous. In 1985 "Essence" honored her as "Mother of the Year".

paragraphs: In 1990, Jackson released her autobiography, "My Family". The book told about her early years and her relationship with her husband and their children.

paragraphs: On June 25, 2009, Michael Jackson died. Katherine was granted temporary guardianship of Michael's three children. In 2012 her guardianship was suspended for a short time. The guardianship resumed with TJ Jackson, Michael's nephew, added as a co-guardian.


title: Fax

paragraphs: Fax (short for facsimile), or telecopying, is the transmission of scanned printed material (both text and images), to a telephone number connected to a printer or other output device.

paragraphs: The original document is scanned with a fax machine (or a telecopier), which turns the contents (text or images) into a bitmap, Then the bitmap is sent through the telephone system. The receiving fax machine reconverts the coded image, printing a paper copy.

paragraphs: Businesses usually have some kind of fax system, but the technology has faced increasing competition from Internet-based methods. Fax machines still retain some advantages, particularly in the transmission of sensitive material which, if sent over the internet, may be intercepted. However, encryption (a secret coding system) can make internet messages secure.

paragraphs: In some countries, because electronic signatures on contracts are not recognized by law while faxed contracts with copies of signatures are, fax machines enjoy continuing support in business.

paragraphs: In many businesses, standalone fax machines have been replaced by fax servers which receive and store incoming faxes electronically. The servers route them to users on paper or via a secure email. Such systems reduce costs by eliminating unnecessary printouts and reducing the number of inbound phone lines needed by an office.

paragraphs: Scottish inventor Alexander Bain worked on chemical mechanical fax type devices and in 1846 was able to reproduce graphic signs in laboratory experiments. He received the first fax patent in 1843. Frederick Bakewell made several improvements on Bain's design and demonstrated a telefax machine. The Pantelegraph was invented by the Italian physicist Giovanni Caselli He introduced the first commercial telefax service between Paris and Lyons in 1865, some 11 years before the invention of telephones.

paragraphs: In 1881, English inventor Shelford Bidwell constructed the "scanning phototelegraph" that was the first telefax machine to scan any two-dimensional original, not requiring manual plotting or drawing. Around 1900, German physicist Arthur Korn invented the "". It became widely used in continental Europe after a wanted-person photograph was transmitted from Paris to London in 1908. Its main competitors were the "Bélinograf" by Édouard Belin first, then since the 1930s the "Hellschreiber", invented in 1929 by German inventor Rudolf Hell, a pioneer in mechanical image scanning and transmission.

paragraphs: Transmission by landline was replaced by radiotransmission, and from 1960 by satellite transmission. Digital systems are now universal. Faster, more efficient and cheaper fax machines have allowed even small companies to own a fax machine. The technology is now world-wide.


title: Audrey Meadows

paragraphs: Audrey Meadows (born February 8 1922; died February 3 1996) was an American actress. She was best known for her role as Alice Kramden on the 1950s American television comedy "The Honeymooners". She was born in New York City by the name Audrey Cotter. Meadows died as a result of lung cancer.


title: Carl von Gontard

paragraphs: Carl von Gontard (January 13, 1731 in Mannheim – September 23, 1791 in Breslau) was a German architect; he worked primarily in Berlin, Potsdam, and Bayreuth.

paragraphs: He modified the original Deutscher Dom and cathedrals in Berlin and added the domed towers.


title: Cloris Leachman

paragraphs: Cloris Leachman (born April 30, 1926) is an American actress. She has been in many stage plays, movies, and television programs. She won eight Primetime Emmy Awards and one Daytime Emmy Award. She is a vegetarian. Leachman was born in Des Moines, Iowa.


title: Neue Kirche, Berlin

paragraphs: The Deutscher Dom () is in Berlin. It is on the Gendarmenmarkt across from the "French Church". The Lutheran and Calvinist congregants used German as their native language. This is different than the French-speaking Calvinist congregation who owned the on the opposite side of Gendarmenmarkt. The congregants' native language combined with the domed tower gave the church its colloquial naming.


title: Mantellinae

paragraphs: Mantellinae is a subfamily of frogs. They are part of the family Mantellidae. These frogs lives in Madagascar and Mayotte. These frogs looks similar to poison dart frogs. Most Mantellinae frogs are toxic. They have a lot of warning colors. There are over 100 species in this family.


title: Pacific tree frog

paragraphs: The Pacific tree frog ("Pseudacris regilla") is a species of tree frog. They live on the West Coast of North America. This includes California, Oregon and Washington in the United States, and British Columbia in Canada. They live on the ground, but some have been found living in places 10,000 feet above sea level. They are the only frogs to make a "rabbit" sound. They are either green or brown. They can also change their colors.


title: Edible frog

paragraphs: The edible frog ("Pelophylax" kl. "esculentus") is a species of frogs. It lives in Europe. It is also known as water frog or green frog. However, green frog is usually given to the North American frog "Lithobates clamitans". The Edible frog is used as a food source to people in France.


title: Texas toad

paragraphs: The Texas Toad ("Bufo speciosus") is a species of toads. They are very small only reaching three inches. They live in the United States in the state of Texas. But they are also found in Oklahoma, New Mexico and Mexico.


title: French Cathedral, Berlin

paragraphs: The first parts of the actual "French Church" were built from 1701 to 1705 for the Huguenot (Calvinist) community. At that time, Huguenots made up about 25% of Berlin's population. The "French Church" was modelled after the destroyed Huguenot temple in Charenton-Saint-Maurice, France.

paragraphs: In 1785 Carl von Gontard modified the church and built - wall to wall next to it - the domed tower, which - together with the French-speaking congregants - earned the church its naming. The domed tower is technically no part of the church, there is no access between church and tower, because both buildings have different owners. The tower, similar to that of Deutscher Dom, was simply built to give the Gendarmenmarkt a symmetric design.

paragraphs: The church is not a cathedral in the strict sense of the word because it has never been the seat of a bishop.

paragraphs: The domed tower, which is a viewing platform open to visitors, provides a panoramic view of Berlin. A restaurant is located in the basement underneath the prayer hall. The tower also contains the Huguenot museum of Berlin.


title: Cane toad

paragraphs: The cane toad ("Bufo marinus") is a species of toad. They are also known as the giant neotropical toad and the marine toad.

paragraphs: Cane toads are terrestrial amphibians. This means that they only go back to the water to lay their eggs. They live in Central America and South America. However, they have been introduced to Oceania and the Caribbean.

paragraphs: Nearly 80 years ago, a group of 102 cane toads were sent to Queensland to catch sugar beetles.

paragraphs: Cane-growers were concerned about the damage insect larvae were doing to crops. The insects were native to Australia, but bad for the valuable cane crops.

paragraphs: The first cane toads were brought into Queensland by Reginald Mungomery, an entomologist. Before 1935, Australia had no toads. The entire continent, full of various frog species, had no toads. Tough and always moving into new areas, the cane toads started reproducing and expanding outwards every wet season. This "invasion front" moved around 10 km a year until the 1960s, when it began speeding up significantly.

paragraphs: Cane toads are rapidly adapting to dry climates, a huge change from their origins in the South American rainforest. They have poison gland in their skin.

paragraphs: In their native habitat, a number of fish and reptiles prey on the tadpoles and the adult toad.

paragraphs: These include the broad-snouted caiman ("Caiman latirostris"), the banded cat-eyed snake ("Leptodeira annulata"), eels (family Anguillidae), various species of killifish, the black rat ("Rattus rattus") and the Asian water monitor ("Varanus salvator").

paragraphs: They have far fewer predators in Australia but, as time passes, some of the local animals will adapt their behaviour. Already some Australian crows have learned strategies allowing them to feed on cane toads, such as using their beak to flip toads onto their back. Opossums of the "Didelphis" genus likely can eat cane toads with impunity. Meat ants are unaffected by the cane toads' toxins, and therefore are able to kill them. The cane toad's normal response to attack is to stand still and let its toxin kill the attacker, which allows the ants to attack and eat the toad.

paragraphs: A cane toad is one of the non-human characters in Dave Barry's 1999 novel "Big Trouble" and in the 2002 movie based on the novel.


title: Parotoid gland

paragraphs: The parotoid gland is a skin gland on the back, neck and shoulder of toads and some frogs and salamanders. It's secretes has a substance that predators can smell. This smell will tell them that they are toxic animals. The substance, bufotoxin, acts as a nuerotoxin.

paragraphs: Parotoid glands looks like warts on an amphibian skin. However, warts are grown by viral infections. Parotoid glands are normal and healthy parts of the animals that have them. Many people believe that touching a toad may cause warts. However, this is not true.


title: Ambystoma

paragraphs: The mole salamanders are part of the genus "Ambystoma". There are a group of animals that live in North America. The only family in this genus is the Ambystomatidae. The Axolotl ("Ambystoma mexicanum") is a popular exotic pet. They are also used in research. The Tiger Salamander ("Ambystoma tigrinum") is an official amphibian of many US states. They are also sold as pets.


title: Rib

paragraphs: A rib is a bone that forms a structure around the thorax of vertebrates. This is known as the rib cage. Humans have 24 ribs, 12 on each side.

paragraphs: It is a common urban legend that male humans have one fewer pair of ribs than female humans. However, this is not true. This came from the Christian bible explaining the creation of Eve from the rib of Adam.


title: Taricha

paragraphs: Taricha is a genus of newts. There are only three species and four subspecies. They are called western newts and Pacific newts. All newts are part of the family Salamandridae. The three species in this genus are California newt, the rough-skinned newt and the red bellied newt. They are all found on the west coast of the United States.

paragraphs: Genus "Taricha" (Western Newts / Pacific Newts) - 3 species


title: Lungless salamanders

paragraphs: The Plethodontidae is a family of salamanders. They do not have lungs. They are called lungless salamanders. They live in British Columbia, Brazil, Sardinia, Alps and South Korea. They are the largest groups of salamanders.

paragraphs: There are over 350 lungless salamanders. Most of them are terrestrial and are active in daytime. Lungless salamanders may communicate with their nose. Slender salamanders are found in the Pacific Coast. They are sometimes called "worm salamanders". This is because they have slimmer (skinny) bodies than most salamanders. If touched, slender salamanders will bounce on the ground and then run away.


title: Irritation

paragraphs: Irritation in biology is a state of inflammation or painful reaction to allergy or cell damage. The skin and the eyes may turn red.


title: Slender salamander

paragraphs: Slender salamander is a common name given to lungless salamanders of the genus Batrachoseps. They are different from other lungless salamanders. They have four toes on each foot. They live in Oregon, California and Baja California in Mexico.

paragraphs: 19 species are recognized in this genus:


title: Pacific coast

paragraphs: A Pacific coast is when a country is next to the Pacific Ocean.

paragraphs: Countries on the western side of the Americas have a Pacific coast as their western border.

paragraphs: Countries on the eastern side of Asia have a Pacific coast as their eastern border.

paragraphs: Countries in Oceania may have a Pacific coast anywhere, including their entire border


title: Chinese fire belly newt

paragraphs: The Chinese fire belly newt ("Cynops orientalis") is a species of newts. They are small and will reach up to 2.2-4 inches (6-10 cm). They are black and have bright orange colors on their front side. They are commonly found in pet stores. They are sometimes confused with the Japanese fire belly newt. This is because of their small size and colors. However, the Chinese fire belly newt has smoother skin and a rounder tail than the Japanese Fire Belly Newt.


title: Quarter (U.S. coin)

paragraphs: A quarter dollar or quarter, is a coin worth ¼ of a United States dollar. They are worth 25 cents. The quarter has been produced since 1796.


title: Ichthyophis beddomei

paragraphs: Ichthyophis beddomei is a species of caecilians. They are sometimes called Beddome's caecilian. They are part of the family Inchthyophiidae. They have a dark violet-brown body. They have yellow stripes from their head to their tail. Their upper lip and lower jaw are yellow. They live in Western Ghats.


title: Agalychnis callidryas

paragraphs: Agalychnis callidryas, known as the red-eyed treefrog is a species of tree frogs.

paragraphs: Red-eyed tree frogs spend most of their time on large tropical leaves. They are not poisonous, and rely on camouflage to protect themselves. During the day, they stay still, cover their blue sides with their back legs, tuck their bright feet under their stomachs, and shut their red eyes. So they look almost completely green, and are well hidden amongst the leaves. The large red eyes are a defensive adaptation called deimatic behaviour. When a red-eyed tree frog detects a predator, it abruptly opens its eyes and stares at the predator. The sudden appearance of the red eyes may startle the predator, giving the frog a chance to flee.

paragraphs: They are active at night. They like to eat small insects.

paragraphs: During mating, the female carries the male on her back for several hours during the process. The female chooses a leaf above a pond or large puddle on which to lay her clutch of eggs. The male puts out his sperm onto the eggs as they are released.

paragraphs: Tree frogs lay jelly-like eggs. The mothers will stay near them and help them fight any hungry animals that want to eat them. They become a tadpole in one or two weeks. They drop from the leaf and into the lake which is below the leaf.

paragraphs: If predators are close enough to produce vibration, the embryos sense this. After a few seconds, they vigorously hatch out into tadpoles and spread out to escape.


title: Common frog

paragraphs: The Common frog ("Rana temporaria") is a species of frog. They are also known as the European Common Frog or the European Common Brown Frog. They live in Europe, the Arctic Circle, Scandinavia, Urals, Iberia, Italy, Balkans and Ireland. They are an introduced species in most countries.


Quantum theory


title: Bronzed frog

paragraphs: The bronzed frog or Günther's golden-backed frog ("Hylarana temporalis") is a species of frog. They are found in forests of Western Ghats, India and Sri Lanka. They like to live close to water. These frogs are not shy animals. They will only jump away if they are bothered by people. They are an important prey for many snakes include the Malabar Pit Viper and the Vine Snake.


title: Jefferson salamander

paragraphs: The Jefferson salamander ("Ambystoma jeffersonianum") is a mole salamander. They live in northeastern United States, southern Ontario and southwestern Quebec. It was named after Jefferson College in Pennsylvania.

paragraphs: It is usually dark gray, brown or black. Others can have silver or blue spots on their sides. These salamanders are very skinny with a wide nose and long toes. They can reach up to 11 to 18 cm.

paragraphs: Like other mole salamanders, the Jefferson salamander burrows. They have lungs that helps them to dig. They are only active at night. They are only active in the day when its mating season. They will breed in early spring after snow has melted in their area.


title: California giant salamander

paragraphs: The California giant salamander ("Dicamptodon ensatus") is a species of salamanders. They are part of the family Dicamptodontidae. They live in California and western United States. They are related to the Idaho giant salamander, Pacific giant salamander and the Coastal giant salamander.


title: Tatsuya Fuji

paragraphs: , also known as Tatsuya Itou, is a Japanese actor.

paragraphs: He was born in Beijing, China and grew up in Yokohama, Kanagawa. When He was a student of Nihon University College of Art, he was spotted and recruited as a fresh actor by Nikkatsu.

paragraphs: Fuji made his debut on films from Nikkatsu(Japanese film distributing agency) in 1962. His first movie is "Bokyo-no-Umi". He is the first actor who trains his body for acting in Japan. Early in his career, he was often assigned the role of a villain, but ever since then, he has acted various kind of role. In the Nagisa Oshima's film "In the Realm of the Senses", he acted in a passionate and violent love scene, and the movie caused a lot of fuss.


title: Bolitoglossa

paragraphs: Bolitoglossa is a genus of salamanders. They are also called tropical climbing salamanders and web-footed salamanders. They are part of the Plethodontidae family. They live in Central America and South America. They are terrestrial amphibians.

paragraphs: 117 species are currently assigned to this genus.


title: Green toad

paragraphs: Anaxyrus debilis or green toad is a species of toads. They live in southwestern United States in states like Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, Kansas and Texas. They can also be found in northern Mexico in states like Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí, Durango and Zacatecas.

paragraphs: Green toads are green or yellow with black spots. They are not a large toad. They grow up to 2 inches. They are only active at night. They will breed in spring, summer and autumn. Males will call a female to lay her eggs in his territory.


title: Smooth newt

paragraphs: The Smooth Newt is a species of newts. They are also known as the Common Newt. It is the most common newt species of the "Lissotriton" genus of amphibians. They live in Europe, southern France and the Iberian peninsula.


title: Midwife toad

paragraphs: The Midwife toads ("Alytes") is a genus of frogs. They part of the Discoglossidae family. They live in most of Europe and northwestern Africa. They look like toads because of their hard skin. They get their name because they take care of their young on their backs. They help them from not being eaten from hungry animals. When they hatch the frog will go back to the water and allow them to swim away.


title: Van Dyke's salamander

paragraphs: Plethodon vandykei or Van Dyke's Salamander is a species of salamanders. They are part of the family Plethodontidae. These salamanders have been used in research studies.


title: Potamogeton

paragraphs: Potamogeton is a genus of aquatic plants. They live in freshwater such as ponds and lakes. They part of the family Potamogentonaceae. Their common name is pondweed. The genus name means "river neighbor". They are also a food source for many fish and algae eaters.


title: Filter feeder

paragraphs: Filter feeders are animals that feed on matter and food particles from water. Some animals that do this are clams, krill, sponges, baleen whales and many fish such as sharks. Some birds such as flamingos are also filter feeders. Filter feeders can help clear water.


title: Surinam horned toad

paragraphs: Ceratophrys is a genus of frogs. They are part of the family Leptodactylidae. They are also part of the subfamily Ceratophryinae. They are also known as South American horned frogs as well as Pacman frogs. This is because they look like the video game character Pac-Man.


title: Woomera Test Range

paragraphs: The RAAF Woomera Test Range is a weapons testing facility in South Australia. It is run by the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF). It covers and area of , and is the world's largest weapons test facility on land. The range is a restricted area, called the Woomera Prohibited Area. The airspace above it is also restricted, and is called the Woomera Restricted Airspace.

paragraphs: The range was originally set up as a place for the British to test missiles during World War II. The British asked to do weapons testing here (in the centre of Australia), because not many people lived there. A Commonwealth weapons design and test project, called the Australian-Anglo Joint Project, was signed in 1946. The range originally had an area of .

paragraphs: Between 1955 and 1963, the British ran a series of seven nuclear-weapon tests at Maralinga, then inside the range. The Joint Project ran until 1980, when the British withdrew from the program. The range is still used as a testing site by the Australian Defence Force. Access is leased to foreign militaries and private companies for their own testing of weapons.

paragraphs: It is named after the Dharuk word for a spear-thrower.


title: Balgo, Western Australia

paragraphs: Balgo is a small community in Western Australia. It is surrounded by the Great Sandy Desert and the Tanami Desert. It is an Aboriginal community; the area is traditionally Kukatja country. There are also some Pintupi families living there, who were displaced in the 1950s and 1960s. Many of them came to live here from Papunya, including some of the original artists of the Papunya Tula movement. Many of them later left Balgo when Kintore and Kiwirrkurra were set up in the 1980s. In 2006, Balgo had about 460 people living there.


title: Komatsu, Ishikawa

paragraphs: Komatsu is a city in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan.

paragraphs: It is in the southern part of the prefecture, near the Sea of Japan.


title: Charles Perkins

paragraphs: Charles Nelson Perkins, AO, (16 June 1936 – 19 October 2000) was an Australian activist and Aboriginal leader. He was also a professional football player.

paragraphs: Perkins grew up in Alice Springs. His mother was Arrernte, and his father was Kalkadoon. He later moved to Sydney, and graduated from the University of Sydney in 1965. He was the first indigenous Australian to graduate from a university.

paragraphs: Perkins campaigned for Aboriginal land rights. In 1965, he was an important person in the Freedom Ride campaign, which aimed to raise public awareness of the standards of living, literacy and health conditions among the Aboriginal population. The group was famous for publicising acts of discrimination.

paragraphs: Perkins was also important in the campaign for the referendum in 1967, which allowed Aboriginal people to be counted in censuses, and parliament to make special laws specifically for Aboriginal people. From 1969, Perkins worked as a public servant in the Ministry of Aboriginal Affairs. He was made permanent secretary of this department in 1981, which made him the first Aboriginal to become the permanent head of a federal government department. He served as secretary until 1988.

paragraphs: Perkins died in October 2000 of kidney failure.


title: Kottabos (Kleophrades Painter)

paragraphs: Kottabos Player is an Attic red-figure terracotta kylix said to have been painted by someone close to the Kleophrades Painter. It dates to the Greek Archaic period, about 500 BC. The kylix's height with handles is 3 3/16 in. (8.1 cm) and its width with handles is 10 1/16 in. (25.5 cm).

paragraphs: The diameter of the bowl is 7 5/8 in. (19.3 cm). The kylix is in the collections of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. The figure is a symposiast playing a party game called kottabos. He is about to fling the last of the wine in his cup at a lamp stand in an attempt to knock the lamp stand's finial off. The winner was he who did so.


title: Kleophrades Painter

paragraphs: The Kleophrades Painter was a red-figure Athenian vase painter. His real name is unknown. His name is taken from a potter's signature on a vase. He was active from about 510470 BC. His work is considered some of the finest of the red figure style. He was probably the pupil of Euthymides, one of the red-figure Pioneers. His work is identified by its stylistic traits. He was very productive. More than 100 vases of his work have survived. He worked in both black- and red- figure styles and techniques. He was conservative, often using old-fashioned techniques. His subjects were traditional but with a emphasis on the Trojan War. He preferred painting large vessels such as amphores.


title: Clyde Holding

paragraphs: Allan Clyde Holding (27 April 1931 – 31 July 2011) was an Australian politician. He was Leader of the Opposition in Victoria for ten years, and was later a federal minister. He was a member of the Australian Labor Party.

paragraphs: Holding was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly for the seat of Richmond in 1962. He was a strong supporter of indigenous Australian rights (including land rights) and national aid for schools. In 1977, he was elected to the House of Representatives as member for Melbourne Ports. When Bob Hawke became Prime Minister in 1983, he put Holding in charge of Aboriginal Affairs. During his term, Holding tried to make federal laws for Aboriginal land rights. But Brian Burke, the Labor Premier of Western Australia, did not want this, because it would have upset the mining and agricultural industries, which were very important to his state. Holding was forced by Hawke to drop the proposal. In 1987, he was moved to the Ministry of Employment Services and Youth Affairs. The next year, he was made Minister for Transport, and then later Minister for Immigration.


title: Kottabos

paragraphs: Kottabos () was a party game played at symposia in Ancient Greece. It was popular in the 5th and 4th centuries BC. It was also popular with the Etruscans. The game is played by flinging a bit of wine from one's cup at targets. The player would utter the name of his lover. The game was probably of Sicilian origin but spread throughout the Greek world. Many Greek poets mention the game in their works. By the time of the Roman Empire and the Age of Alexander the Great, the game had died out. It is not mentioned in Latin literature.


title: Charlie McMahon

paragraphs: Charlie McMahon (born in the Blue Mountains, New South Wales in 1951) is an Australian didgeridoo player. He was one of the first non-Aboriginal musicians to become a famous player of the instrument. He is probably one of the most famous players of the instrument around the world.

paragraphs: The band in which he became famous was called Gondwanaland. He has toured across Australia, often visiting remote communities in the outback, and also in Europe and the United States. He often played gigs with Midnight Oil. McMahon's style became an influence for many well-known didgeridoo players. He is also the inventor of the "didjeribone", a sliding didgeridoo made of plastic, played in a similar way to the trombone.


title: Symposium

paragraphs: A symposium (plural: symposia) was a drinking party in Ancient Greece. Guests were males. Well bred women did not attend. Boys or slave girls served the food and drink, danced, juggled, played music, or otherwise entertained the assembly. These servers were usually nude. The symposium was an aristocratic institution often held to celebrate a young man's entry into adult society, an athletic victory, or a poetic achievement. It was an occasion for male conversation and debate. Party-goers reclined on couches and pillows. Guests played a game called kottabos, wrestled, and held song contests. A symposium is described in Plato's "The Symposium". The party is attended by Socrates and the young, drunken, and nearly nude Alcibiades.


title: Foster Brooks

paragraphs: Foster Brooks (May 11, 1912 – December 20, 2001) was an American movie, television, radio, stage actor, singer, entertainer, television personality and comedian. He was known for playing a lovable drunken man in nightclubs and television shows. Brooks is also known for appearing in The Dean Martin celebrity roasts.

paragraphs: Brooks was born in Louisville, Kentucky. Brooks was married twice. First to Loretta Brooks from 1933 until they divorced in 1950. And to Teri Brooks from 1950 until his death in 2001. Brooks died on December 20, 2001 from heart failure in his Encino, Los Angeles, California home, aged 89.


title: Bob Knight

paragraphs: Robert Montgomery "Bob" Knight (born October 25 1940) is a retired American basketball sports coach. He won over 900 NCAA Division I men's college basketball games. Knight is well known as the head coach of the Indiana Hoosiers from 1971–2000. He also coached for the Texas Tech from 2001–2008.

paragraphs: Knight was born in Massillon, Ohio. He studied at Ohio State University.

paragraphs: He has been praised for having a clean program. None of his teams was ever sanctioned by the NCAA for any recruitment violations. He has, however, attracted some controversy for throwing a chair across the courts during a game. He was once arrested for assault. He was fired from Indiana in mid September 2000.

paragraphs: In April 2015, it was announced that ESPN would not sign Knight's contract for another season.


title: James Michael Tyler

paragraphs: James Michael Tyler (born May 28, 1962 in Winona, Mississippi) is an American actor. He is best known for playing Gunther in the sitcom series "Friends".


title: Choi Chang-ik

paragraphs: Choi Chang-ik (hangul:최창익, hanja:崔昌益, 1896-1957), also known as Choe Chang Ik, was a North Korean soldier and politician.

paragraphs: In the early North Korean government, Choi was Deputy Prime Minister from 1952 to 1956.

paragraphs: In a 1956-1957 purge, he was removed from government by forces led by Kim Il-sung. He was expelled from the Korean Workers' Party.


title: Kim Tu-bong

paragraphs: Kim Tu-bong (March 16, 1886 – 1958) was a Korean linguist, politician, and the first North Korean head of state.

paragraphs: In 1946, Kim became Chairman of the Workers Party of North Korea.

paragraphs: From 1948 until 1958, he was Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly.


title: Echis

paragraphs: Echis is a genus of venomous vipers found in dry regions of Africa, Middle East, Pakistan, India, and Sri Lanka. The name ""Echis"" is a Greek word which means ""viper"". Echis is also known as the ""Saw-scaled Vipers"", or the ""Carpet Vipers"". They are responsible for most of the snakebites and deaths in the world. There is currently eight species found.

paragraphs: The Saw-scaled Vipers are a small group of snakes, with adults growing up to the length of 90 cm (36 in). Its head is short, wide and pear-shaped, its snout is short and round, and it has large eyes.

paragraphs: The Saw-scaled Viper is found in dry regions (like deserts) in Africa, the Middle East, Pakistan, India, and Sri Lanka.

paragraphs: Not much is known about what the Saw-scaled Vipers eat, but some say they eats beetles, spiders, scorpions, centipedes, other snakes, small mammals and birds.

paragraphs: Most species of the Saw-scaled Viper, like the ones found in Africa, are oviparous meaning they lay eggs, while other species, like the ones found in India, are viviparous meaning they give live birth.


title: Atheris

paragraphs: Atheris is a genus of venomous vipers found only in rain forest areas of Sub-Saharan Africa. There are currently eight species found. Atheris are commonly known as ""Bush Vipers"". They are all arboreal (meaning they live in trees), but they can sometimes be seen on the ground.

paragraphs: Bush Vipers are small snakes, with adults growing to the size of around 40 to 78 cm. They all have broad, triangular heads with large eyes and a slender body. Scary right?

paragraphs: The Bush Viper lives in rain forest areas of Sub-Saharan Africa, far from humans, but some Bush Vipers are threatened because of habitat loss.

paragraphs: Bush Vipers eat small amphibians like frogs, and toads, reptiles like lizards and other snakes, rodents and birds. They ambush their prey by hanging on to a branch of a tree, waiting for a prey to come close, then jump on the prey and inject venom, and then swallow it. Some Bush Vipers in zoos only eat mice and small birds, but there have been reports on some eating each other.

paragraphs: All Bush Vipers are viviparous, meaning they give live birth. They mate between September and November, and females give to their young in March or April.

paragraphs: The venom of Bush Vipers is hemotoxic, it causes pain, swelling, and stop blood clotting. There is no antivenom, but there has been reports on Echis antivenom working on some Bush Viper's bites.


title: Maristes Valldemia

paragraphs: The Maristes Valldemia school (aka: Col·legi Maristes Valldemia, Col·legi Valldemia or Valldemia), is in Mataró, Province of Barcelona - Catalonia (Spain). It is a Catholic school run by Marist Brothers. It is dedicated to Our Lady the Virgin of the Candle. "Fundació Champagnat, Fundació Privada" owns the school.

paragraphs: The school was founded in 1855 by three Piarists related persons: the priest Ermengol Coll de Valldemia, Pelegrí Ferrer and Ramon Cuspinera. Its first name was «Colegio de Cataluña», and it was on the land of a traditional Catalan manor named "Can Miralpeix". The school's aim was to provide a modern and Christian education. After 1858, the school was known as «» (in Catalan) or «» (in Spanish). In 1888 the school was given to the Marist Brothers to run.

paragraphs: The main building was designed by the architect Jeroni Boada, and later improved in 1911 by Josep Goday i Casals (who used to be an student at the school, and founder member of the Alumni Association).

paragraphs: The school received its first international recognition at the Paris Exposition of 1900, a Gold Medal in recognition of quality education. During the convulsive years that marked the Spanish Civil War, Valldemia was converted into a hospital and blood bank.

paragraphs: Today, the school has 1200 students from ages 3 to 18, who are taught by a staff of 90 teachers.


title: Phil Harris

paragraphs: Phil Harris (June 24, 1904 - August 11, 1995) was an American actor. He was known for being the voice of Thomas O'Malley the Alley Cat in "The Aristocats" in 1970 and Cri-Kee in "Mulan" (1998). He died in 1995 from a heart attack in Rancho Mirage, California, aged 91.


title: Pierce the Veil

paragraphs: Pierce the Veil is an post hardcore group formed in San Diego, California in 2007. The band consists of frontman Vic Fuentes, percussionist Mike Fuentes, bassist Jaime Preciado, and guitarist Tony Perry. They released their debut studio album "A Flair for the Dramatic" on June 26, 2007 and released the singles "Yeah Boy and Doll Face" and "Chemical Kids and Mechanical Brides." They released their second full-length album "Selfish Machines" on June 21, 2010 and released the single "Caraphernelia." The band started joining Vans Warped Tour and playing on side stages to promote their music alongside other post-hardcore bands. In 2012, the band prepped their third album "Collide with the Sky", which was released on July 17, 2012, and released the singles "King for a Day" and "Bulls in the Bronx." They started performing live on the main stage at Warped Tour throughout the summer of 2012.

paragraphs: The two leading members of the band were known to be in a band called Before Today before Pierce the Veil was formed with the addition of Tony Perry and Jaime Preciado. Side projects included Mike and Vic Fuentes being in the alternative rock group Isles & Glaciers, which split up in 2010. They released one EP album titled "The Hearts of Lonely People" on March 9, 2010.

paragraphs: The band will be going on a headlining tour with Crown the Empire this fall in the United Kingdom.


title: Collide with the Sky

paragraphs: Collide with the Sky is the third album by San Diego experimental rock group Pierce the Veil. It was released on July 27, 2012 under Fearless Records in the United States. The album's lead single "King for A Day" was released on June 5, 2012 for digital download and contemporary radio. The single features Sleeping With Sirens singer Kellin Quinn. The second single titled "Bulls in the Bronx" was released on June 25, 2012 for digital download. The band supported the album throughout the 2012 Van's Warped Tour in the summer.

paragraphs: According to Vic Fuentes, "the theme to the album artwork is 'jumping off of the ground that is breaking beneath you'. The idea is to inspire hope amongst the chaos that may be happening around you. If the ground was breaking beneath your feet, your first reaction may be to run and jump to safety, and it's that moment where you are suspended in the air that I am focusing on. A still frame where you're not sure if the person is falling or flying. It's about freeing yourself from the things that are breaking or falling apart in your life, and inspiring a sense of hope from the desperation".

paragraphs: The album has been received rather well by critics. Alternative Press rated the album 4/5 stars saying "Collide with the Sky is PTV's best work to date". They praised the album for the power pop hooks on "Props & Mayhem", saying that you should download "Tangled in the Great Escape". AbsolutePunk commented that the album is "sure to continue Pierce the Veil's steady ascent to the top of their league", concluding that "[it] proves Pierce the Veil are seemingly still one step ahead of everyone else when it comes to concocting energetic slices of post-hardcore and that they won’t be dropping the ball any time soon."

paragraphs: The album was released in the United Kingdom on July 16, 2012. It was released in the United States on July 17, 2012 with the release of the bonus track "Hold On Till May", the acoustic version.


title: Pedro Armendáriz Jr.

paragraphs: Pedro Armendáriz, Jr. (April 6, 1940 – December 26, 2011) was a Mexican actor and television actor.

paragraphs: Armendáriz, Jr. was born on April 6, 1940 in Mexico City, Mexico, the son of actors Carmela (née Pardo) and to Pedro Armendáriz, Sr, both Mexican. His grandmother was from the United States. Armendáriz, Jr. was married to Mexican actress Ofelia Medina.

paragraphs: His career began in 1965 and is known for playing a small role with his father Armendáriz, Sr. in "Licence to Kill" (1989). His final role was in the 2012 movie "Casa de Mi Padre".

paragraphs: In November 2011 Armendáriz, Jr. was diagnosed with lung cancer. On December 26, 2011 Armendáriz, Jr. died in a Memorial Hospital in New York City, New York from eye cancer, aged 71. He was later buried in Panteón Jardín, Mexico City.


title: Phyllis Diller

paragraphs: Phyllis Ada Driver (July 17, 1917 – August 20, 2012) was an American voice, movie and stage actress and comedian who makes self deprecating jokes about her age and her terrible cooking. She has performed in many movies and television programs.

paragraphs: Diller was born on July 17, 1917 in Lima, Ohio. She was of German and Irish descent. She was educated at Bluffton College, she was the classmate of Hugh Downs.

paragraphs: Diller's career would begin in 1952 and would later appear in almost 100 of movies and television programs, her movie include; "The Fat Spy", "The Boneyard", "Happily Ever After", "Silence of the Hams", and in "A Bug's Life". Her television programs appearances also include; "Alice Through the Looking Glass", "The Pruitts of Southampton" aka "The Phyllis Diller Show", "The Muppet Show", "Hey Arnold!", "The Powerpuff Girls" and as Peter Griffin's mother in "Family Guy".

paragraphs: Diller married Sherwood Anderson Diller from 1939 to 1965. Second and thirdly, she married Warde Donovan from 1965 to 1966, and again they married until they divorced again in 1974. She had a partner Robert P. Hastings from 1985 until his death in 1996. She had six children with her first husband.

paragraphs: Diller died of natural causes in Los Angeles, California on August 20, 2012.


title: Sherman Hemsley

paragraphs: Sherman Alexander Hemsley (February 1, 1938 – July 24, 2012) was an American actor.

paragraphs: Hemsley was born on February 1, 1938 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to and was raised in South Philadelphia by his mother, who was a factory worker. He left school to join the Air Force, where he served in for four years. Later he returned to Philadelphia where he worked in a post office during the day and at night he went to acting classes. Later he moved to New York still working for the post office during the day and at night he went to acting classes.

paragraphs: Hemsley's career began when he starred in a 1970 Broadway play in "Purlie" as Gitlow. Hemsley's television career began in 1970 in the television series "All in the Family". And his first movie was in the 1979 movie "Love at First Bite". Hemsley is mostly known as for his role as George Jefferson on the CBS in television series "The Jeffersons", and as Deacon Ernest Frye on the NBC series "Amen". He also played Earl Sinclair's horrifying boss, and a Triceratops in Jim Henson's sitcom "Dinosaurs".

paragraphs: Hemsley was a smoker and never married. Hemsley lived in El Paso, Texas and died there after he was found in his home on July 24, 2012. The cause of his death was a lung tumor caused by Superior Vena Cava Syndrome, aged 74. Hemsley was cremated.


title: Gangster Squad

paragraphs: Gangster Squad is a 2013 movie about the Mafia. It stars Emma Stone and Nick Nolte. This crime picture was to have been released in September, 2012. After the 2012 Aurora shooting certain scenes had to be removed and this caused a delay. The movie has been released January 11, 2013 by Warner Bros.


title: Frontiers of the Roman Empire

paragraphs: Frontiers of the Roman Empire is a World Heritage Site. The site includes three walls in different parts of Europe. They were part of the frontiers of the Roman Empire.

paragraphs: Limes (plural: 'Limites') is the Latin name of walls at the border of the Roman empire. There were many such fortifications.

paragraphs: The Latin word has a number of meanings, but the most common one is border.

paragraphs: The term "limes" was used by Roman writers to describe paths, walls, boundary stones, rivers marking a boundary, but its meaning was not the same as the modern boundary.

paragraphs: Some notable examples of Roman "limites" are:


title: Frank Ocean

paragraphs: Frank Ocean (born October 28, 1987) is an American singer-songwriter, record producer and photographer. He was born in Long Beach, California and moved to New Orleans, Louisiana when he was five. Ocean made an early career as a ghostwriter for artists such as Brandy, Justin Bieber, and John Legend. In 2010, he became a member of OFWGKTA. His first mixtape, "Nostalgia, Ultra", was released in 2011. Critics liked the album.

paragraphs: In 2012, BBC said that Ocean finished second place in its Sound of 2012 poll. Ocean appeared at Coachella. He was scheduled for Lollapalooza at the end of his 2012 summer tour. His first studio album, "channel ORANGE", was a digital download only on iTunes for one week. Then it was a full release on July 17, 2012. It was nominated for six Grammy Awards.

paragraphs: Ocean won the 2013 Brit Award for International Male Solo Artist.

paragraphs: In October 2013 Ocean said on his Tumblr that he would release new music in summer 2014.

paragraphs: He is also considered to be a global gay icon.

paragraphs: Ocean was one of the first major hip-hop/R&B artists to say that he had a same-sex relationship.


title: Tom Bosley

paragraphs: Thomas Edward "Tom" Bosley (October 1, 1927 October 19, 2010) was an American actor. Bosley is known for his role as Howard Cunningham in "Happy Days". He also starred in roles in "Murder, She Wrote" and "Father Dowling Mysteries". He starred in the Broadway musical "Fiorello!" that earned him a Tony Award.

paragraphs: Bosley was born on October 1, 1927 in Chicago, Illinois, the son of Dora (née Heyman) and Benjamin Bosley. Although well known for playing a Catholic priest-and numerous Protestants-Bosley was actually Jewish. During World War II, Bosley served in the United States Navy. While attending DePaul University, in Chicago. In 1947 Bosley's stage career began in "Our Town" with the Canterbury Players at the Fine Arts Theatre. Bosley performed at the Woodstock Opera House in Woodstock, Illinois, in 1949 and 1950 alongside Paul Newman.

paragraphs: Bosley played the Knave of Hearts in a Hallmark Hall of Fame telecast of Eva Le Gallienne's production of "Alice in Wonderland" in 1955. But his career began in a stage role based on New York City mayor Fiorello H. La Guardia in the long Broadway musical "Fiorello!" (1959), for which he won a Tony Award. In 1994, Bosley originated the role of Maurice in the Broadway version of Disney's "Beauty and the Beast". Bosley also toured as Cap'n Andy in Harold Prince's 1994 revival of "Show Boat".

paragraphs: His first movie role was in 1963, as would-be suitor of Natalie Wood in "Love with the Proper Stranger". Other movies include; "The World of Henry Orient", "Divorce American Style", "Yours", "Mine and Ours", "Gus" and the television movie "The Triangle Factory Fire Scandal". Bosley shared a heartfelt story about his life during the Holocaust in the documentary movie "Paper Clips".

paragraphs: Among his early television appearances was in the 1960 CBS summer replacement series, "Diagnosis: Unknown", with Patrick O'Neal. In 1962, he played Assistant District Attorney Ryan in the episode "The Man Who Wanted to Die" on James Whitmore's ABC legal drama "The Law and Mr. Jones". In 1969, he appeared in a comedy episode from "The Virginians".

paragraphs: Bosley's best known role was the character Howard Cunningham, Richie and Joanie Cunningham's father, in the long running "Happy Days". Bosley was also known for playing Sheriff Amos Tupper on "Murder, She Wrote". He also played Father Frank Dowling in the TV mystery series, "Father Dowling Mysteries". Along the television appearances, one notable early performance was in "Eyes" segment of the 1969 pilot episode of Rod Serling's "Night Gallery", directed by Steven Spielberg and Joan Crawford.

paragraphs: Bosley also starred in the 2008 Hallmark Channel television movie "Charlie & Me". In 2010, he appeared in "The Backup Plan" starring Jennifer Lopez, which was his last movie before his death.

paragraphs: In 1984, Bosley guest-hosted the "Macy's Fourth of July Fireworks Spectacular" with local newscaster Pat Harper.

paragraphs: During the 1970s and 1980s, Bosley did several commercials for the Glad Sandwich and Garbage Bags.

paragraphs: Bosley did radio commercials for the new Saturn Car Company a "different kind of car company," in 1990.

paragraphs: Later in life he was the television spokesman for SMC (Special Merchandise Corporation), a national wholesaler and dropshipper.

paragraphs: Bosley was also the "face" of LifeBack USA helping bring the benefits of Life Settlements to seniors, having himself sold an unwanted life insurance policy during his later life.

paragraphs: In a 1997 of "The Simpsons", Homer claims to have been the son of Tom Bosley. Homer and Marge are going to their high school reunion:

paragraphs: Homer: It'll be great to see the old gang again. Potsie, Ralph Malph, and the Fonz.

paragraphs: Margie: That wasn't you, that was "Happy Days"!

paragraphs: Homer: No, they weren't all happy days. Like the time Pinky Tuscadero crashed her motorcycle, or the night I lost all my money to those card sharks and my dad Tom Bosley had to get it back.

paragraphs: Bosley was married to Jane Eliot from 1962 until they divorced in 1978. Later in 1980 Bosley married Patricia Carr until his death in 2010. Bosley had a daughter Amy Bosley.

paragraphs: Bosley died on October 19, 2010, at a hospital in Rancho Mirage, California from heart failure complicated by Staphylococcal infection. He was 83 years old. Bosley had lung cancer. His remains are buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Hollywood Hills, California.


title: Dabry's sturgeon

paragraphs: The Yangtze Sturgeon ("Acipenser dabryanus"), also known as Dabry's Sturgeon, is a member of the family Acipenseridae and the order Acipenseriformes.

paragraphs: The fish is thought to have lived at the same time as dinosaurs. It may have lived as long as 140 million years ago. Because of that, it is sometimes called a living fossil. It is an animal carefully protected by the Chinese government. It is named a "national treasure" much like the Giant Panda.

paragraphs: The fish can be between in body length. It can weigh on average. A grown-up sturgeon measures up to long, and weighs over . This makes it the third biggest only to the White sturgeon and Atlantic sturgeon.

paragraphs: Sturgeon are anadromous. This means they spawn in fresh water and migrate to salt water to mature.

paragraphs: It lives on the main streams of the Yangtze River and coastal regions of Qiantang River, Minjiang River and Pearl River.


title: Chad Everett

paragraphs: Raymon Lee Cramton or Chad Everett (June 11, 1937 – July 24, 2012) was an American actor. He was known for his role as Dr. Joe Gannon in the television drama "Medical Center".

paragraphs: Everett was born Raymon Lee Cramton on June 11, 1937 in South Bend, Indiana, to Virdeen (née Hopper) and Harry Clyde "Ted" Everett. He was raised in Dearborn, Michigan. Everett was educated at Fordson High School and at Wayne State University.

paragraphs: Everett has appeared in shows including "Cold Case", "Medical Center", "Supernatural", "Malibu", and movies including: "Aiplane II: The Sequel", "The Firechasers", "Made in Paris", and "The Impossible Years".

paragraphs: Everett was married to actress Shelby Grant from 1966 until her death in 2011. Everett had 2 children. Everett died of lung cancer on July 24, 2012 in Los Angeles, California, aged 75.


title: Luca Signorelli

paragraphs: Luca Signorelli (probably born in 1441 or 1445, died 16 October 1523 in Corona, Italy) was an Italian painter. He was also called Luca d'Egidio di Ventura and Luca da Cortona. He is one of the most important painters of the Renaissance in Italy. He was good at painting perspective. One of the techniques he used is called "foreshortening" - with it a distance appears shorter than it actually is, because the object painted is shown at an angle. From 1499 to 1503, he painted a series of frescoes in Orvieto Cathedral, called "the Last Judgement". This is what he is remembered for most.


title: CGI

paragraphs: CGI is an abbreciation, that can stand for:


title: Bitis

paragraphs: Bitis is a genus of venomous vipers found in Africa and the southern Arabian Peninsula. This group contains the largest and smallest vipers in the world. There are currently 14 species found. Bitis are commonly known as the "African Adders", or the "African Viper".

paragraphs: Both the largest viper, and the smallest viper in the world belong in this group. The largest viper, the Gaboon Viper, grows up to the length of 2 meters, while the smallest viper, the Namaqua Dwarf Adder, grows up to the length of only 28 cm. All African Adders have wide, triangular heads, a large, rounded snout, and small eyes.

paragraphs: The African Adders are found in Africa, and the southern Arabian Peninsula.

paragraphs: African Adders are terrestrial (meaning they live and are found on the ground), and ambush their prey. They are slow, and sluggish, but they can bite their prey or enemy with amazing speed. African Adders are known for when being disturbed inflating their body, and hissing loudly. All African Adders are viviparous, meaning they give live birth. They eat small rodents like mice and rats, birds, amphibians like frogs and toads, other snakes


title: Computer-generated imagery

paragraphs: Computer-generated imagery (CGI) is using computer graphics, especially in movies. These images are used for special effects, simulation, and commercials, amongst others. Sometimes the technology is used to produce a static background, which is then merged into the image; at other times it is used to produce animations in 2D or 3D. In its broadest sense, a computer- generated image (CGI) can be defined as any image that is created with the use of a computer- based processor or program. Because computers are widely used, both in image generating and in image processing, these images are pervasive- from billboard advertisements to film productions and photography.


title: Benjamin Morrell

paragraphs: Between 1821 and 1823, he made four important trips, especially in the Southern Ocean, the Pacific Islands and the eastern shores of the Americas.

paragraphs: He wrote a memoir about his travels titled ""A Narrative of Four Voyages"" and, following the information provided, earned a bad reputation as a liar, because it contained inaccuracies and also contained a somewhat fanciful way of exposing their experiences.


title: Donna Lewis

paragraphs: Donna Lewis (born August 6th 1973) is a singer and songwriter who is best known for her hit single "I Love You Always Forever". She released her first two albums under Atlantic Records although she now has an independent label. Lewis was born in Wales.


title: Brain Stew/Jaded

paragraphs: Brain Stew, A.K.A. Jaded is a song by the punk rock band Green Day. The song was on their fourth studio album "Insomniac" in the year 1995.


title: Paula Cole

paragraphs: Paula Cole (born April 5, 1968) is an American singer and songwriter. Her songs include "Where Have all the Cowboys Gone?". Cole was born in the Boston area. She received a Grammy Award for "Best New Artist" in 1998 and released more albums over the years.