title: Erie, Kansas

paragraphs: Erie is a city in Neosho County, Kansas, United States. It is also the county seat of Neosho County. Erie is in the valley of the Neosho River, about a mile Northeast of the river. In 2010, 1,150 people lived there.

paragraphs: A settlement called "Erie", later referred to as "Old Erie" and "Beantown USA", was platted northwest of the present townsite. Another community, known as Crawfordsville, was started two miles northeast of the current place. In 1866, the creators of these two towns decided to leave the towns and combine with the settlement at the current Erie site. Four men gave 40 acres each, that butted together, out of their 160-acre shares, to create the city plat of Erie. These men were: David W. Bray, Luther Puckett, John F. Himmelwright and Peter Walter. In November 1866, the Erie Town Company was created. Each member of this company gave forty acres of land in the center of Section 32, Township 28, Range 20 east. Each member was to buy city plots and improve them.

paragraphs: Erie's first fire company was created in November 1866; its charter members were the men who had gave the land on which the community was built. The first log home in Erie was built in 1866. The first businesses were built in 1867. By 1883, the city had two general stores, two blacksmith shops, one drug store, two hotels, one newspaper office, two churches, and more than 300 people living in the city.

paragraphs: Erie was incorporated on December 25, 1869. On December 30, the trustees met and said Erie was a 3rd class city.

paragraphs: In 1872, Erie was chosen to be the county seat of Neosho County. They defeated "Osage Mission" (later renamed Saint Paul) in an election to decide the county seat. A lawsuit was filed, and it reached the Kansas Supreme Court. The court said Erie would still be county seat.

paragraphs: Erie is at (37.568548, -95.242562). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

paragraphs: Erie has hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. The Köppen Climate Classification system says that Erie has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

paragraphs: The 2010 census says that there were 1,150 people, 463 households, and 312 families living in Erie.

paragraphs: The Unified School District 101 (USD 101) serves Erie, Galesburg, Stark, and Parsons in Neosho County. On September 18, 2007 the district passed a $21.9 million bond issue. They built a new high school in Erie. It opened for classes in the Fall 2010 semester.


title: Eureka, Kansas

paragraphs: Eureka is a city Greenwood County, Kansas, United States. It is also the county seat of Greenwood County. In 2010, 2,633 people lived there; by 2015, only 2,450 lived there.

paragraphs: In 1857, the first settlement at Eureka was built. The first post office in Eureka was created in August 1858. Eureka was laid out in 1867, and it was incorporated in 1870. The city is named after the Greek expression Eureka, meaning "I have found it".

paragraphs: An EF2 tornado hit Eureka on July 7, 2016 at 9:45 pm. More than 143 total buildings, including at least 50 homes, businesses, a nursing home, and grain elevator, were damaged. No people were injured.

paragraphs: An EF3 tornado hit Eureka on June 26, 2018 at 7:21 pm (daylight). 175 buildings were damaged or destroyed. 78 homes were damaged (12 not livable, 10 totaled). 8 people were injured.

paragraphs: Eureka is at (37.822745, −96.289583). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

paragraphs: Eureka has hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. The Köppen Climate Classification system says that Eureka has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

paragraphs: The 2010 census says that there were 2,633 people, 1,171 households, and 663 families living in Eureka.

paragraphs: Eureka Municipal Airport is a city-owned, public-use airport. It is two nautical miles (4 km) north of the central business district of Eureka.


title: La Crosse, Kansas

paragraphs: La Crosse is a city in Rush County, Kansas, United States. It is also the county seat of Rush County. In 2010, 1,342 people lived there. La Crosse calls itself the "Barbed Wire capital of the world."

paragraphs: La Crosse was created in 1876. It was named after the city of La Crosse, Wisconsin. La Crosse subsequently became the intended county seat, and county records were transferred there from the temporary county seat, nearby Rush Center. A county seat war ensued between the two communities, lasting until La Crosse was declared the permanent county seat and the construction of the county courthouse in 1888.

paragraphs: In the 1960s, La Crosse became a regional center of barbed wire collecting, leading to the establishment of the Kansas Barbed Wire Museum and the nicknaming of the city as "The Barbed Wire Capital of the World".

paragraphs: On May 25, 2012, an EF-1 tornado caused about four blocks of a lot of damage, and two businesses were destroyed. A third of the businesses had very bad damage. There were no injuries.

paragraphs: La Crosse is at (38.532014, -99.308614). It has an elevation of 2,057 feet (627 m). It is in the Smoky Hills region of the Great Plains. It is about south of the Smoky Hill River and north of Walnut Creek, which is a tributary of the Arkansas River. Sand Creek, a tributary of Walnut Creek, goes southeast around the southwestern and southern parts of the city. Mule Creek, a small tributary of Sand Creek, flows southeast through the city. It is in west-central Kansas at the intersection of U.S. Route 183 and K-4. La Crosse is northwest of Wichita, west-southwest of Kansas City, and east-southeast of Denver.

paragraphs: The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

paragraphs: On average in La Crosse, July is the hottest month, January is the coldest month, and May is the wettest month. The hottest temperature ever in La Crosse was 115 °F (46 °C) in 1954; the coldest temperature ever was -24 °F (-31 °C) in 1989.

paragraphs: The 2010 census says that there were 1,342 people, 606 households, and 350 families living in La Crosse.

paragraphs: La Crosse Public Schools (USD 395) controls three schools in the city.

paragraphs: Rush County Airport is northeast of the city. It is on the north side of K-4. It is publicly owned. It has one runway. It is used for general aviation.

paragraphs: A railroad of the Kansas and Oklahoma Railroad goes southeast-northwest through La Crosse.

paragraphs: "The Rush County News" is the local newspaper. It is published once per week in La Crosse.

paragraphs: La Crosse is in the Wichita-Hutchinson, Kansas television market.


title: Lakin, Kansas

paragraphs: Lakin is a city in Kearny County, Kansas, United States. It is also the county seat of Kearny County. In 2010, 2,216 people lived there.

paragraphs: Lakin was created in 1874. It was named after David Long Lakin, the former treasurer of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway.

paragraphs: A post office in Lakin was built in March 1874. In 1888, Lakin was chosen to be the county seat.

paragraphs: The 2010 census says that there were 2,216 people, 781 households, and 573 families living in Lakin.


title: Larned, Kansas

paragraphs: Larned is a city in Pawnee County, Kansas, United States. It is also the county seat of Pawnee County. In 2010, 4,054 people lived there.

paragraphs: Larned was planned out in 1873. The first post office in Larned was created in 1872.

paragraphs: The city was named after nearby Fort Larned, which operated from 1859 to 1878. It was also named after Colonel Benjamin F. Larned, U.S. Army Paymaster from July 1854 to his death September 6, 1862.

paragraphs: Larned is at (38.182109, -99.101696). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

paragraphs: Larned has hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. The Köppen Climate Classification system says that Larned has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

paragraphs: The 2010 census says that there were 4,054 people, 1,824 households, and 1,027 families living in Larned.

paragraphs: The local newspaper is "Larned Tiller & Toiler".


title: Omero Antonutti

paragraphs: Omero Antonutti (3 August 1935 – 5 November 2019) was an Italian actor. His best known roles were in "Padre Padrone", "El Sur", and Carlos Saura in "El Dorado". He also played Noah in "".

paragraphs: Antonutti died in Udine on 5 November 2019, at the age of 84, from cancer-related problems.


title: Ernest J. Gaines

paragraphs: Ernest James Gaines (January 15, 1933 – November 5, 2019) was an American writer. He was born in Oscar, Louisiana. His best known works were "A Lesson Before Dying", "The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman" and "A Gathering of Old Men". He won the won the National Book Critics Circle Award for fiction. He was added into the "Ordre des Arts et des Lettres" (Order of Arts and Letters) as a Chevalier.

paragraphs: Gaines died on November 5, 2019 in Oscar, Louisiana of natural causes at the age of 86.


title: Leo Ryan

paragraphs: Leo Joseph Ryan Jr. (May 5, 1925 – November 18, 1978) was an American teacher and politician. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He was the U.S. Representative from California's 11th congressional district from 1973 until his assassination as part of the Jonestown massacre in 1978.


title: William M. Branham

paragraphs: William Marrion Branham (April 6, 1909 – December 24, 1965) was an American Christian minister and faith healer. He left a lasting impact on televangelism and the modern Charismatic movement. He was seen as the "principal architect of restorationist thought" for Charismatics by some Christian historians.

paragraphs: Branham was killed in a car crash on Christmas Eve 1965 at the age of 56.


title: Cumberland County, Kentucky

paragraphs: Cumberland County is a county located in the Pennyroyal Plateau region of the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 6,856. Its county seat is Burkesville.


title: Junius Ho

paragraphs: Junius Kwan-yiu Ho (born 4 June 1962) is a Hong Kong lawyer and politician. He is a former president of the Law Society of Hong Kong and chairman of the Tuen Mun Rural Committee. He was an elected member of the Tuen Mun District Council since 2015.


title: Baburam Bhattarai

paragraphs: Baburam Bhattarai is ex prime minister of Nepal. He has done PhD in rural development from Jawaharlal University Delhi in 1986.


title: Pridi Banomyong

paragraphs: Pridi Banomyong (Thai: ปรีดี พนมยงค์) was a Thai politician and professor. He was a prime minister and senior statesman of Thailand, and the centenary of his birth was celebrated by UNESCO in 2000.


title: CITES

paragraphs: CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. It is also called the Washington Convention) is a multilateral treaty to protect endangered plants and animals. International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) decided to make the treaty in 1963. Countries started signing it in 1973. CITES started to have effect on 1 July 1975.


title: Mirjapur

paragraphs: Mirjapur is a Village Development Committee (VDC) in the Narayani Zone of Southern Nepal. Now, Mirjapur is a ward of Chhipaharmai Gaupalika. At the time of 2011 Nepal census, it had a population of 4,229 people living.


title: Lower Mainland

paragraphs: The Lower Mainland (LM) is the name for the area that includes Vancouver and the surrounding cities within the Metro Vancouver Regional District and the Fraser Valley Regional District.


title: Fraser Valley

paragraphs: The Fraser Valley is a regional district in British Columbia, Canada. It was created in 1995 by combining three regional districts named Fraser-Cheam, Dewdney-Alouette and Central Fraser Valley.

paragraphs: The regional district includes 6 municipalities and 8 electoral areas. The district covers 13,361.74 square kilometres (5,159 square miles).


title: BET Awards

paragraphs: The The BET Awards is an American award show. It started in 2001 by the Black Entertainment Television network. The award celebrates African Americans and other American minorities in music, acting, sports, and other fields of entertainment over the previous year. The awards are presented each year, and are broadcast live on BET.


title: 50 Central

paragraphs: 50 Central is an American sketch comedy television series hosted by 50 Cent. The series premiered on BET on September 27, 2017.


title: Rob Moran

paragraphs: Rob Moran, is an actor and producer. Moran has appeared in over 60 films. He has produced a few of them.

paragraphs: In 1982, Moran graduated from Emerson College. In 1985, Rob and actress Julie Bryan began dating. They met on a Ford automotive commercial. They were married in 1987. In 1999, their daughter Maiya Dupree was born. In 2004, their second daughter Makayla-Amet was born.


title: Micro-Hydropower

paragraphs: A micro-hydro power (MHP) plant is a type of hydroelectric power scheme that produces electricity using a flowing stream or a water flow. Micro-hydro systems are generally used in developing countries to provide electricity to isolated communities or rural villages where electricity grid is not available. Feeding back into the national grid when electricity production is in surplus is also evident in some cases. The micro-hydro scheme design can be approached as per household basis or at the village level often involving local materials and labor


title: Lev Anninsky

paragraphs: Lev Alexandrovich Anninsky (, 7 April 1934 – 6 November 2019) was a Soviet and Russian literary critic, historian, publicist, essayist and author of more than 30 books.

paragraphs: The 1970s saw the publication of several books by Anninsky, among them "Betrothed to the Idea" (on Nikolai Ostrovsky’s "How the Steel Was Tempered", 1971) and "Vasily Shukshin" (1976). Anninsky's books of the 1980s included "The Leo Hunters (Lev Tolstoy in cinema)", 1980, 1989; "Leskovian Necklace" (1982, 1885), "Contacts" (1982), "Branches Full of Sunlight" (a study on Lithuanian photography, 1984), "Nikolai Gubenko" (1986) and "The Three Heretics" (1988).

paragraphs: Anninsky died on 6 November 2019 in Moscow at the age of 85.


title: Edward Nixon

paragraphs: Edward Calvert Nixon (May 3, 1930 – February 27, 2019) was an American entrepreneur. He was the youngest brother of United States President Richard Nixon. He co-authored his memoir, "The Nixons: A Family Portrait", with Karen L. Olson. The book was published in 2009. He was born in Whittier, California. From 1971 until his death, Nixon was the president of Nixon World Enterprises, Inc., an international consulting service based in Washington state.

paragraphs: Nixon also taught as an assistant professor of naval science at the University of Washington. He was the last surviving member of the five Nixon brothers.

paragraphs: Nixon died on February 27, 2019 at the age of 88, at a nursing facility, in Bothell, Washington.


title: Bothell, Washington

paragraphs: Bothell () is a city in King and Snohomish counties in the U.S. state of Washington. It is part of the Seattle metropolitan area. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 33,505.


title: Knives Out

paragraphs: Knives Out is a 2019 American black comedy mystery movie written, produced and directed by Rian Johnson. The movie is about a rich family gathering gone horribly wrong, after the family patriarch's death leads a master detective to investigate.

paragraphs: The movie stars Daniel Craig, Chris Evans, Ana de Armas, Jamie Lee Curtis, Michael Shannon, Don Johnson, Toni Collette, Lakeith Stanfield, Katherine Langford, Jaeden Martell, M. Emmet Walsh, K Callan, Frank Oz and Christopher Plummer.

paragraphs: The movie had its world premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 7, 2019 and is scheduled to be theatrically released in the United States on November 27, 2019, by Lionsgate.

paragraphs: The movie has strong positive reviews with Rotten Tomatoes holding an approval rating of 98% based on 100 reviews.


title: Ana de Armas

paragraphs: Ana Celia de Armas Caso (born 30 April 1988) is a Cuban actress.

paragraphs: In 2015, she starred in her first American movie, "Knock Knock", followed by "Exposed", "Hands of Stone", and "War Dogs". In 2017, she had her breakout role as AI hologram Joi in the critically acclaimed science fiction movie "Blade Runner 2049".


title: MonoDevelop

paragraphs: MonoDevelop is an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) developed by Unity technologies for c# programming.


title: Katherine Langford

paragraphs: Katherine Langford (born 29 April 1996) is an Australian actress. She is known for her role as Hannah Baker in the first two seasons of the Netflix teen drama series "13 Reasons Why" (2017–2018). She was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Drama. Langford has also taken on supporting roles in the movies "Love, Simon" (2018) and "Knives Out" (2019).


title: Lakeith Stanfield

paragraphs: Lakeith Lee Stanfield (born August 12, 1991), sometimes credited as Keith Stanfield, is an American actor, poet and rapper.

paragraphs: He is known for his role as Jimmie Lee Jackson in "Selma" (2014), Snoop Dogg in "Straight Outta Compton" (2015), and Patrick Haynes in "Snowden" (2016).

paragraphs: Since 2016, he has starred as Darius Epps in the FX comedy-drama series "Atlanta".


title: Redlining

paragraphs: In the United States and Canada, redlining is the process of denying services to residents of specific, often racially dominant neighborhoods or communities, either directly or through the selective raising of prices. It is often seen as a modern day version of segregation.

paragraphs: While the best known examples of redlining have involved denial of financial services such as banking or insurance, other services such as health care (see also Race and health) or even supermarkets have been denied to residents.


title: K Callan

paragraphs: K Callan (born Katherine Elizabeth Borman; January 9, 1936) is an American author and actress. She is best known for playing Clark Kent's mother Martha in the ABC television series "".


title: Leoti, Kansas

paragraphs: Leoti, pronounced "Lee-OH-Tah." is a city in Wichita County, Kansas, United States. It is also the county seat of Wichita County. In 2010, 1,534 people lived there.

paragraphs: Leoti was created in 1885. It was created by a group of men from Garden City, Kansas. In 1887, it was involved in the bloodiest county seat fight in the history of the American West. The shooting was on February 27, 1887. Men—some would say hired gunmen—from Leoti, went to the nearby, rival town of Coronado. The gunmen left several people dead and wounded.

paragraphs: There are disagreements about where the name "Leoti" came from: one tradition says the name is an Indian term for "prairie flower"; another says the town was named for settler Leoti Kibbee; a third says it was named for Leoti Gray, the daughter of a town creator.

paragraphs: Leoti is at (38.484073, -101.357639). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

paragraphs: The Köppen Climate Classification system says that Leoti has a semi-arid climate, abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps.

paragraphs: The 2010 census says that there were 1,534 people, 607 households, and 419 families living in Leoti.

paragraphs: Leoti is served by USD 467 Wichita County Schools. The Wichita County High School mascot is Wichita County Indians.

paragraphs: Before school unification, Leoti High School also used the Indians mascot.


title: Lindsay Hoyle

paragraphs: Sir Lindsay Harvey Hoyle (born 10 June 1957) is a British politician. He has been the Speaker of the House of Commons since 2019. He is a Member of Parliament (MP) for Chorley since 1997. He was a Labour Party MP.

paragraphs: As a Labour MP, Hoyle was Chairman of Ways and Means and Deputy Speaker to John Bercow from 2010 to 2019, before being elected as Speaker on 4 November 2019.


title: Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)

paragraphs: The Speaker of the House of Commons is the presiding and chief administrative officer of the House of Commons, the lower house and primary chamber of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

paragraphs: The current Speaker, Sir Lindsay Hoyle was elected Speaker on 4 November 2019, following the resignation of John Bercow.


title: S. I. Hayakawa

paragraphs: Samuel Ichiye Hayakawa (July 18, 1906 – February 27, 1992) was a Canadian-born American academic and politician. He was of Japanese ancestry. He was a professor of English. He was the president of San Francisco State University, and then as U.S. Senator from California from 1977 to 1983.


title: Joe Ricketts

paragraphs: John Joseph Ricketts (born July 16, 1941) is an American businessman and philanthropist. He is the founder, former CEO and former chairman of TD Ameritrade. He had a net worth of US$2.7 billion as of 2019 according to "Forbes". Ricketts also engages in philanthropy through The Ricketts Art Foundation, Opportunity Education Foundation, The Cloisters on the Platte Foundation, and The Ricketts Conservation Foundation.


title: Wadden Sea

paragraphs: The Wadden Sea is a part of the North Sea. It is an intertidal zone, up to wide. It runs from the Netherlands to the South of Denmark. It is up to of coastline. The land that appears at low tide is called mudflat in English (and Watt in German). It is at the origin of the name.


title: Lincoln Center, Kansas

paragraphs: Lincoln Center, more commonly known as Lincoln, is a city in Lincoln County, Kansas, United States. It is also the county seat of Lincoln County. In 2010, 1,297 people lived there.

paragraphs: Settler George Green created the town of Lincoln in 1870. He named it after the county. "Center" was added to its name to indicate its location in the central part of the county. County residents initially voted to place the county seat in Lincoln Center. However, elections in November 1870 led to the seat being moved to nearby Abram. This started a county seat war. Another vote in February 1872 reversed the switch, and Lincoln Center became the permanent county seat. The people moved all the buildings in Abram to Lincoln, combining the two communities. In 1879, the town was incorporated as the city of Lincoln Center. It is still officially called "Lincoln Center" in the United States Census. However, both the city government and local chamber of commerce call the city Lincoln. It shows as "Lincoln" on state maps and signs.

paragraphs: In 1906, the city's first power plant opened, providing electric power. By 1950, the state highway commission had completed K-14 and K-18 through Lincoln.

paragraphs: In 1989, because Lincoln had been using post rock limestone in local buildings for so long, the Kansas Legislature named Lincoln County as "The Post Rock Capital of Kansas".

paragraphs: Lincoln Center is at (39.041744, -98.146760). It has an elevation of . The city is on the north side of the Saline River. It is in the Smoky Hills region of the Great Plains. Yauger Creek, a tributary of the Saline River, goes south along the eastern edge of the city. It goes until its confluence with the Saline just south of the city. The confluence of the Saline and Lost Creek, another of the river's tributaries, is southwest of the city. It is at the intersection of Kansas Highway 14 (K-14) and Kansas Highway 18 (K-18) in north-central Kansas. Lincoln Center is northwest of Wichita, west of Kansas City, and east-southeast of Denver.

paragraphs: The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

paragraphs: Lincoln Center has hot, humid summers and cold, dry winters. The average temperature is 55.1 °F (12 °C), and the average precipitation per year is 27.4 inches (69 cm). Snowfall averages 19.3 inches (49 cm) per year. On average, July is the warmest month, January is the coldest month, and May is the wettest month. The hottest temperature ever in Lincoln was 117 °F (47 °C) in 1947; the coldest temperature ever was -27 °F (-33 °C) in 1989.

paragraphs: The 2010 United States Census says that there were 1,297 people, 576 households, and 324 families living in Lincoln Center.

paragraphs: Lincoln Unified School District 298 (USD 298) controls two public schools in Lincoln Center: Lincoln Elementary School (Grades Pre-K-6) and Lincoln Junior/Senior High School (7-12).

paragraphs: Lincoln Municipal Airport is about a mile northwest of Lincoln Center on K-18. It is used for general aviation

paragraphs: A railroad of the Kansas and Oklahoma Railroad goes through the west side of the city.

paragraphs: "The Lincoln Sentinel-Republican" is the local newspaper. It is published once per week.


title: Lyndon, Kansas

paragraphs: Lyndon is a city in Osage County, Kansas, United States. It is also the county seat of Osage County. In 2010, 1,052 people lived there.

paragraphs: Lyndon was created in 1869. It was created after the land in the area was taken from the Sac and Fox Nation and opened for settlement. It was named after Lyndon, Vermont.

paragraphs: Lyndon is at (38.610233, -95.685352). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

paragraphs: Lyndon has hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. The Köppen Climate Classification system says that Lyndon has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

paragraphs: Lyndon is part of the Topeka metropolitan area.

paragraphs: The 2010 census says that there were 1,052 people, 422 households, and 285 families living in Lyndon.


title: Lyons, Kansas

paragraphs: Lyons is a city in Rice County, Kansas, United States. It is also the county seat of Rice County. In 2010, 3,739 people lived there.

paragraphs: Lyons was originally called Atlanta, and it was created in 1870. Its name changed to Lyons in 1876, in honor of Freeman J. Lyons.

paragraphs: In 1878, Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway and people from Marion County and McPherson County started the Marion and McPherson Railway Company. In 1879, a railroad was built from Florence to McPherson. In 1880, it was extended to Lyons. In 1881, it was extended to Ellinwood. The line was controlled by the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway. The line from Florence to Marion, was left in 1968. In 1992, the line from Marion to McPherson was sold to Central Kansas Railway. In 1993, because of heavy flood damage, the line from Marion to McPherson was left. The original branch line connected Florence, Marion, Canada, Hillsboro, Lehigh, Canton, Galva, McPherson, Conway, Windom, Little River, Mitchell, Lyons, Chase, and Ellinwood.

paragraphs: Lyons was incorporated as a city in 1880, the same year the railroad was built through it.

paragraphs: In 1890, the Western Salt Company built its first shaft to mine salt in Lyons.

paragraphs: In the 1970s, the federal government was interested in using a local area to bury high-level nuclear waste.

paragraphs: Lyons is at (38.344962, -98.202493). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

paragraphs: The Köppen climate classification says that Lyons has a humid continental climate, "Dfa" on climate maps.

paragraphs: The 2010 census says that there were 3,739 people, 1,503 households, and 952 families living in Lyons.


title: Mankato, Kansas

paragraphs: Mankato is a city in Jewell County, Kansas, United States. It is also the county seat of Jewell County. In 2010, 869 people lived there.

paragraphs: Mankato was first called Jewell Center. It planned out in 1872. It was renamed to Mankato in 1880, it was named after Mankato, Minnesota. Mankato was incorporated as a city in 1880.

paragraphs: The first post office in the town was created in August 1872. It was first called "Jewell Center." The post office was renamed to Mankato in April 1880.

paragraphs: Mankato is at (39.787220, -98.209274). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

paragraphs: The 2010 census says that there were 869 people, 405 households, and 242 families living in Mankato.

paragraphs: Mankato has USD 107 Rock Hills. The Rock Hills High School mascot is the Grizzlies.

paragraphs: Before school unification, Mankato was home to Mankato High School. Its mascot was the Cougars. The Mankato Cougars won the Kansas State High School boys class B basketball championship in 1943.


title: Marion, Kansas

paragraphs: Marion is a city in Marion County, Kansas, United States. It is also the county seat of Marion County. It was named after Francis Marion, a Brigadier General of the American Revolutionary War, known as the "Swamp Fox". In 2010, 1,927 people lived there.

paragraphs: The city of Marion Centre was created in 1860. It became the county seat. A post office was created in Marion Centre on September 30, 1862. It was renamed to Marion on October 15, 1881. The namesake of the city is Francis Marion.

paragraphs: As early as 1875, city leaders of Marion had a meeting to consider a branch railroad from Florence. In 1878, Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway and people from Marion County and McPherson County started the Marion and McPherson Railway Company. In 1879, a railroad was built from Florence to McPherson. In 1880 it was extended to Lyons. In 1881 it was extended to Ellinwood. The line was used by the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway. The line from Florence to Marion, was left in 1968. In 1992, the line from Marion to McPherson was sold to Central Kansas Railway. In 1993, because of heavy flood damage, the line from Marion to McPherson was left. The original railroad connected Florence, Marion, Canada, Hillsboro, Lehigh, Canton, Galva, McPherson, Conway, Windom, Little River, Mitchell, Lyons, Chase, Ellinwood. Later, the Santa Fe depot building became the Marion Library. Most locals still refer to this railroad as the "Santa Fe".

paragraphs: In 1887, the Chicago, Kansas and Nebraska Railway built a railroad north-south from Herington through Marion to Caldwell. It closed in 1891. It was taken over by Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railway, which closed in 1980 and became the Oklahoma, Kansas and Texas Railroad. It merged 1988 with Missouri Pacific Railroad. It merged in 1997 with Union Pacific Railroad. Most locals still call this railroad as the "Rock Island".

paragraphs: In 1888, Marion incorporated as a city. In 1889, the Marion Belt and Chingawasa Springs Railroad built a railroad from Marion north-east to Chingawasa Springs. A hotel was built near the place of the spa at Chingawasa Springs. A depot and restaurant were built too. Both Santa Fe and Rock Island had round trip fares from Chicago and western cities to Chingawasa Springs. The Panic of 1893 closed down the health spa and hotel, and businesses along the tracks never developed well. In 1893, the railroad stopped, and tracks were removed in 1910.

paragraphs: The National Old Trails Road, also called the Ocean-to-Ocean Highway, was created in 1912, and it went through Lehigh, Hillsboro, Marion and Lost Springs.

paragraphs: In 1937, the Marion County Lake was completed by the Civilian Conservation Corps south-east of Marion. It was to be used for recreation. There were many floods during the early history of Marion. In June and July 1951, due to heavy rains, rivers and streams flooded many cities in Kansas, including Marion. Many reservoirs and levees were built in Kansas because of the Great Flood of 1951. From 1964 to 1968, the Marion Reservoir was built north-west of Marion. Downstream from the Marion Reservoir, levees were built in the low areas of Marion and Florence.

paragraphs: In 2010, the Keystone-Cushing Pipeline (Phase II) was built west of Marion, north to south through Marion County. There was a lot of controversy over road damage, tax exemption, and environmental concerns (if a leak ever happens).

paragraphs: Marion is at (38.348952, −97.016037). It is in the Flint Hills. The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . Of that, is land and is water.

paragraphs: Marion has hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. The Köppen Climate Classification system says that Marion has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

paragraphs: The 2010 census says that there were 1,927 people, 846 households, and 514 families living in Marion.

paragraphs: Marion has five listings on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP).

paragraphs: Marion is part of Unified School District 408. The high school is a member of T.E.E.N.. It is a network of educational videos, and it is shared between five area high schools.

paragraphs: The Oklahoma Kansas Texas (OKT) railroad of the Union Pacific Railroad goes north-south through the city.

paragraphs: Marion Municipal Airport, FAA:43K, is located south-east of Marion and centered at .


title: Xia Peisu

paragraphs: Xia Peisu was a Chinese computer scientist and Teacher. She is known for her research in computer science and technology. She has been called the "Mother of Computer Science in China". Xia took the lead on the team that made the Model 107. This was the first computer designed locally in China. She and her husband Yang Liming were elected to the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1991. In 2010, she was given the first Lifetime Achievement Award from the China Computer Federation.

paragraphs: Xia was born on 28 July 1923 in Chongqing, Sichuan. Her grandfather, Xia Fengxun (夏风薰) had spent forty years as a teacher. Her father, Xia Hongru (夏鸿儒), ran a school in Jiangjin County, Chongqing. Her mother, Huang Xiaoyong (黄孝永), was a teacher at the Jiangjin Girls' Middle School and headmistress of Jiangjin Girls' Primary School.

paragraphs: Xia learned ancient Chinese prose and mathematics at a young age. At fourteen years old, she was accepted into Nanyu Secondary School (now Chongqing Nankai Secondary School). In this school she was at the top of her class. In 1939, Xia moved to the National No. Nine Middle School in Jiangjin County. She graduated high school in 1940 at the top of her class. After that she started in electrical engineering at the National Central University.

paragraphs: She later earned a bachelor's degree. After this she did postgraduate studies at the Telecommunications Research Institute of National Chiao Tung University (Chongqing) from 1945 to 1947. In 1947, she went to the University of Edinburgh in the United Kingdom. She earned a doctorate there in 1950.

paragraphs: Xia and her husband Yang Liming returned to China in 1951. She then became a researcher in the Department of Electrical Engineering at Tsinghua University.

paragraphs: In 1952, mathematician Hua Luogeng started work on China's first electronic computer. He recruited Xia and two other scientists to lead the project. Later the two other scientists left the project, which left Xia to be the only leader of it. Under her leadership, the project made Model 107 in 1958. This was the first electric computer designed in China.

paragraphs: Over the years her work resulted in other advances and discoveries.

paragraphs: In March 1956, Xia taught China's first course in computer theory. She also wrote "Principles of the Electronic Computer" which was the first computer science textbook in China. When the University of Science and Technology of China was founded in 1958, Xia set up its computer science department. She taught more than 700 students from 1956 to 1962.

paragraphs: She helped to start the "Chinese Journal of Computers" in 1978 and the "Journal of Computer Science and Technology" in 1986.

paragraphs: Xia advised more than 60 graduate students. Two of these won top national prizes for their theses.

paragraphs: She taught , who led the development of the Sugon supercomputers. She also taught , who designed the Loongson CPU.

paragraphs: When the first locally designed CPU in China was made in 2002, it was named Xia-50 in her honor.

paragraphs: In 1991, Xia and her husband were elected to the Chinese Academy of Sciences. She also received first Lifetime Achievement Award from the China Computer Federation.

paragraphs: In 1945, Xia met Yang Liming. They married in 1950, when they were both at the University of Edinburgh. Yang later became a theoretical physicist. They had two sons, Yang Yuenian and Yang Yuemin.


title: Meade, Kansas

paragraphs: Meade is a city in Meade County, Kansas, United States. It is also the county seat of Meade County. In 2010, 1,721 people lived there.

paragraphs: Meade was planned out and incorporated in 1885. It was named after Gen. George Meade.

paragraphs: The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

paragraphs: The Köppen Climate Classification system says that Meade has a semi-arid climate, abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps.

paragraphs: The 2010 census says that there were 1,721 people, 670 households, and 454 families living in Meade.


title: Mound City, Kansas

paragraphs: Mound City is a city in Linn County, Kansas, United States. It is also the county seat of Linn County. In 2010, 694 people lived there. It is part of the Kansas City metropolitan area.

paragraphs: Mound City was created in 1855. It was named from Sugar Mound nearby, a hill covered with sugar maple trees.

paragraphs: During the Civil War, a military post was created at Mound City. On October 25, 1864, Mound City was attacked twice by Confederates retreating south. They were retreating after their defeat at the Battle of Westport. The military post was closed in June 1865 after the end of the war.

paragraphs: Mound City is at (38.142026, -94.812186). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . Of that, is land and is water.

paragraphs: Mound City has hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. The Köppen Climate Classification system, Mound City has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

paragraphs: The 2010 census says that there were 694 people, 297 households, and 177 families living in Mound City.

paragraphs: Mound City is served by Jayhawk USD 346. The district high school is Jayhawk-Linn High School.

paragraphs: Before school unification, the Mound City High School mascot was the Eagles.


title: Oakley, Kansas

paragraphs: Oakley is a city in Gove, Logan, and Thomas counties in the U.S. state of Kansas. It is also the county seat of Logan County. In 2010, 2,045 people lived there.

paragraphs: The area that would become Oakley was settled in the 1870s and 1880s by people on the Smoky Hill Trail. Oakley was created in 1884 by Judge Fredman and David D. Hoag. It was first named Carlyle. Its name was changed to Cleveland. The name changed again to Oakley in 1885. It was named after Hoag's mother, Elizabeth Oakley Gardner Hoag.

paragraphs: Oakley is at (39.128023, -100.854490). It has an elevation of 3,064 feet (934 m). It is about 1 mile (1.6 km) south of the South Fork of the Saline River in the High Plains region of the Great Plains.

paragraphs: The city is at the intersection of Interstate 70, U.S. Route 40, and U.S. Route 83 in northwest Kansas. It is in the northeast corner of Logan County, and portions of it extend into Gove County and Thomas County. Oakley is about 211 miles (340 km) northwest of Wichita, 227 miles east-southeast of Denver, and 335 miles (539 km) west of Kansas City.

paragraphs: Oakley has hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. The Köppen Climate Classification system says that Oakley has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfa" on climate maps.

paragraphs: The 2010 census says that there were 2,045 people, 920 households, and 562 families living in Oakley.

paragraphs: "The Oakley Graphic" is the local newspaper. It is published once per week. The first edition of the newspaper was published on November 22, 1889.


title: Oberlin, Kansas

paragraphs: Oberlin is a city in Decatur County, Kansas, United States. It is also the county seat of Decatur County. In 2010, 1,788 people lived there.

paragraphs: Oberlin was platted as a town in 1878. It was named after Oberlin, Ohio.

paragraphs: The first post office in Oberlin was created in April 1878.

paragraphs: On September 30, 1878, Northern Cheyenne were running from the Indian Territory to their homes in the north. The Northern Cheyenne Exodus, attacked people near Oberlin.

paragraphs: Oberlin was incorporated as a city in 1885.

paragraphs: Oberlin is at (39.821235, -100.528369). It has an elevation of 2,562 feet (781 m). It is on the northwest side of Sappa Creek, a tributary of the Republican River, in the High Plains region of the Great Plains. It is at the intersection of U.S. Route 36 and U.S. Route 83 in northwest Kansas. Oberlin is northwest of Wichita, east of Denver, and west-northwest of Kansas City.

paragraphs: The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

paragraphs: Oberlin has a humid continental climate (Köppen "Dfa"). It has hot, dry summers and cold, dry winters. The average temperature in Oberlin is 52 °F (11 °C). Temperatures hotter than 90 °F (32 °C) happen on average 62 days per year and dropping below 32 °F (0 °C) an average of 158 days a year. Oberlin gets precipitation 66 days a year and snowfall happens 11 days a year. Precipitation averages 23 inches (574 mm) per year, and snowfall averages 32 inches (80 cm) per year. On average, January is the coldest month, and July is both the hottest month and the wettest month. The hottest temperature ever in Oberlin was 111 °F (44 °C) in 1954; the coldest temperature ever was -31 °F (-35 °C) in 1989.

paragraphs: The 2010 census says that there were 1,788 people, 824 households, and 477 families living in Oberlin.

paragraphs: Oberlin USD 294 has two public schools in the city: Oberlin Elementary School (Grades Pre-K-6) and Decatur Community Junior/Senior High School (7-12).

paragraphs: "The Oberlin Herald" is Oberlin's only newspaper. It is published once per week.

paragraphs: Oberlin is in the Wichita-Hutchinson, Kansas television market. NBC affiliate KSNK is licensed to McCook, Nebraska. It broadcasts on channel 8 from studios west of Oberlin. KSNK is a satellite station of KSNW in Wichita.


title: Mike Castle

paragraphs: Michael Newbold Castle (born July 2, 1939) is an American attorney and politician. He was the Governor of Delaware (1985–92) and the U.S. Representative for (1993–2011). He is a member of the Republican Party.

paragraphs: He unsuccessfully ran for the United States Senate for the 2010 special election.


title: Osborne, Kansas

paragraphs: Osborne is a city in Osborne County, Kansas, United States. It is also the county seat of Osborne County. In 2010, 1,431 people lived there.

paragraphs: People from southeastern Pennsylvania created Osborne City in May 1871. They named the settlement after Vincent B. Osborne, a Union Army veteran of the American Civil War. Osborne County also is named after him. Osborne City became the permanent county seat in November 1872. In May 1873, a district judge officially said it was a city, but the townspeople did not create a government. Five years later, a second attempt was successful, and the settlement incorporated as a city in 1878. "City" was dropped from its name by the mid-1890s.

paragraphs: A bridge was built at Osborne over the Solomon River in 1878.

paragraphs: Osborne is at (39.440651, -98.697118). It has an elevation of . It is at the intersection of U.S. Route 281 and U.S. Route 24 in north-central Kansas. It is about northwest of Wichita, west-northwest of Kansas City, and east of Denver.

paragraphs: Osborne is on the north side of the South Fork Solomon River in the Smoky Hills region of the Great Plains. The Osborne Canal, which is part of the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation's Webster Unit Project, goes east along the northern edge of the city.

paragraphs: On average in Osborne, July is the warmest month, January is the coldest month, and May is the wettest month. The hottest temperature ever in Osborne was 116 °F (47 °C) in 1940; the coldest temperature ever was -31 °F (-35 °C) in 1989.

paragraphs: The 2010 census says that there were 1,431 people, 633 households, and 390 families living in Osborne.

paragraphs: Osborne is a city of the second class. It has a mayor-council form of government.

paragraphs: Osborne Municipal Airport is southeast of the city. It is used mostly for general aviation.

paragraphs: Osborne is the western endpoint of a line of the Kyle Railroad. The city is also the northwestern endpoint of a railroad of the Kansas and Oklahoma Railroad.

paragraphs: The "Osborne County Farmer" is the local newspaper. It is published once per week.

paragraphs: Osborne is in the Wichita-Hutchinson, Kansas television market.


title: Roy Barnes

paragraphs: Roy Eugene Barnes (born March 11, 1948) is an American attorney and politician. He was the 80th Governor of Georgia from 1999 to 2003.


title: Mableton, Georgia

paragraphs: Mableton is a census-designated place in Cobb County, Georgia, United States. As of the 2010 census, Mableton had a population of 37,115.


title: Governor of Maine

paragraphs: The Governor of Maine is the chief executive of the State of Maine.

paragraphs: The current Governor of Maine is Janet Mills, a Democrat, who took office January 2, 2019.

paragraphs: The governor of Maine receives a salary of $70,000, which is the lowest by $20,000 of the 50 state governors.


title: John Baldacci

paragraphs: John Elias Baldacci (born January 30, 1955) is an American politician. He was the 73rd Governor of Maine from 2003 to 2011. He was a Democrat, he also was a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1995 to 2003.


title: Oskaloosa, Kansas

paragraphs: Oskaloosa is a city in Jefferson County, Kansas, United States. It is also the county seat of Jefferson County. In 2010, 1,113 people lived there.

paragraphs: Oskaloosa was created in 1856. It was named after the city of Oskaloosa, Iowa. The first post office in Oskaloosa was created in November 1856.

paragraphs: In 1888, Oskaloosa people elected Mary D. Lowman mayor with a city council composed entirely of women. This makes the city the first in Kansas to elect a city administration that has only women.

paragraphs: Oskaloosa is at (39.215849, -95.313800). It is at the intersection of U.S. Route 59 and K-92, about 15 miles north of Lawrence. The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . Of that, is land and is water.

paragraphs: Oskaloosa has hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. The Köppen Climate Classification system says that Oskaloosa has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

paragraphs: Oskaloosa is part of the Topeka, Kansas Metropolitan Statistical Area.

paragraphs: The 2010 census there were 1,113 people, 435 households, and 281 families living in Oskaloosa.


title: Ronnie Musgrove

paragraphs: David Ronald "Ronnie" Musgrove (born July 29, 1956) is an American lawyer and politician. He was the 29th Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi from January 16, 1996 to January 11, 2000 and as the 62nd Governor of Mississippi from January 11, 2000 to January 13, 2004.

paragraphs: He was defeated by incumbent Senator Roger Wicker in a 2008 special election for one of Mississippi's seats in the U.S. Senate.

paragraphs: In 2014, he became founding partner of a new law firm in Jackson, Mississippi, Musgrove/Smith Law.


title: Tocowa, Mississippi

paragraphs: Tocowa is a Ghost town located just outside Batesville in Panola County, Mississippi, United States.


title: Kirk Fordice

paragraphs: Daniel Kirkwood "Kirk" Fordice Jr. (February 10, 1934 – September 7, 2004), was an American politician and businessman. He was the 61st Governor of Mississippi from 1992 to 2000. He was the first Republican governor of the state since Reconstruction-era and the first governor elected to two consecutive four-year terms. Fordice was a staunch conservative.


title: Oswego, Kansas

paragraphs: Oswego is a city in Labette County, Kansas, United States, and situated along the Neosho River. It is also the county seat of Labette County. In 2010, 1,829 people lived there.

paragraphs: The first newspaper was the "Oswego Register". It was created in 1868 by E.R. Trask. The first church was the Congregational, which was created in May 1868. The Presbyterian church was created in July 1868. The first school was created in 1867. The public library association was created in 1877. It still exists as Oswego Public Library, which is a Carnegie Library. The telephone system was put in operation in 1882; the waterworks in 1887; and the first electric lights were turned on on July 12, 1888. The lights were turned off a few months later.

paragraphs: In 2011, the City Council voted to annex the Oswego Municipal Airport into the city limits. This made Oswego be in neighboring Cherokee County.

paragraphs: Oswego isat (37.167728, -95.109453). The city is about north of the Oklahoma state line and west of the Missouri line. It is along the southern bluffs, overlooking the Neosho River valley. It is at the junction of U.S. Route 59 and U.S. Route 160. The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . Of that, is land and is water.

paragraphs: Oswego has hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. The Köppen Climate Classification system says that Oswego has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

paragraphs: The 2010 census says that there were 1,829 people, 763 households, and 476 families living in Oswego.

paragraphs: The Oswego-Service Valley Unified School District 504 serves Oswego.

paragraphs: Oswego is served by the Oswego Public Library (OPL), which is a Carnegie Library. OPL has a big collection of books, DVDs, periodicals, audio books, and videos. Internet access is also available through the use of computers or the Library's free Wi-Fi.

paragraphs: "Labette Avenue" is a weekly newspaper that covers mostly local stories and events. "Labette Avenue" is based in Oswego and serves the rural areas of Labette County, Kansas.

paragraphs: The "Parsons Sun", a newspaper published every day in Parsons, also covers Oswego. The nearest major newspaper is the Joplin Globe.

paragraphs: Oswego is in the Joplin, Missouri/Pittsburg, Kansas broadcast market area. It gets most its television and radio signals from those two cities. KGGF 690 AM Coffeyville covers SE Kansas and Broadcasts from its tower site in Mound Valley.


title: David Cargo

paragraphs: David Francis Cargo (January 13, 1929 – July 5, 2013) was the 22nd governor of New Mexico, between 1967 and 1971.


title: Bruce King

paragraphs: Bruce King (April 6, 1924 – November 13, 2009) was an American businessman and politician. He was a three non-consecutive four-year terms as the Governor of New Mexico. King was a member of the Democratic Party. He was the longest-serving governor in New Mexico history, with 12 years of service.

paragraphs: He died on November 13, 2009 in Stanley, New Mexico of heart failure at the age of 85.


title: Governor of North Dakota

paragraphs: The Governor of North Dakota is the head of the executive branch of government of North Dakota and serves as the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces.

paragraphs: There is no limit to the number of terms a governor may serve, if elected.


title: Allen I. Olson

paragraphs: Allen Ingvar Olson (born November 5, 1938) is an American Republican politician and attorney. He was the 28th Governor of North Dakota from 1981 to 1985.


title: Governor of Oregon

paragraphs: The Governor of Oregon is the head of the executive branch of Oregon's state government and serves as the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The title of governor was also applied to the office of Oregon's chief executive during the provisional and U.S. territorial governments.

paragraphs: The current governor of Oregon is Kate Brown.


title: Governor of South Dakota

paragraphs: The governor of South Dakota is the head of the executive branch of the government of the U.S. state of South Dakota. The governor is elected to a four-year term in even years when there is no presidential election.

paragraphs: The current governor is Kristi Noem, a member of the Republican Party who took office on January 5, 2019.


title: Bill Janklow

paragraphs: William John Janklow (September 13, 1939January 12, 2012) was an American politician. He was a member of the Republican Party. He holds the record for the longest tenure as Governor of South Dakota: sixteen years in office. Janklow has the second longest gubernatorial tenure in post-Constitutional U.S. history at 5,851 days.


title: Gary Locke

paragraphs: Gary Faye Locke (born January 21, 1950) is an American politician. He was the 10th United States ambassador to China (2011–14). He was the 21st Governor of Washington (1997–2005) and served in the Obama administration as United States Secretary of Commerce (2009–11).

paragraphs: Locke is the first governor in the United States of East Asian descent, and is the only Chinese American ever to have served as a governor of any state. He was also the first Chinese American to serve as the U.S. ambassador to China.


title: Dixy Lee Ray

paragraphs: Dixy Lee Ray (September 3, 1914 – January 2, 1994) was an American scientist and politician. He was the 17th Governor of the U.S. state of Washington. She was the state's first female governor and was in office during the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens.


title: Booth Gardner

paragraphs: Booth Gardner (August 21, 1936 – March 15, 2013) was an American politician. He was the 19th governor of the U.S. state of Washington between 1985 and 1993. He also was the ambassador of the GATT. He was a Democrat.

paragraphs: Gardner died at his home in Tacoma, Washington on March 15, 2013, of Parkinson's disease. He was 76.


title: Cecil H. Underwood

paragraphs: Cecil Harland Underwood (November 5, 1922 – November 24, 2008) was an American Republican Party politician.

paragraphs: He was the 25th and 32nd Governor of West Virginia from 1957 to 1961, and from 1997 to 2001.

paragraphs: Underwood was both the youngest and the oldest person ever to serve as Governor of West Virginia. He was a Methodist.


title: Gaston Caperton

paragraphs: William Gaston Caperton III (born February 21, 1940) is an American politician. He was the 31st Governor of West Virginia from 1989 to 1997. He was president of the College Board, which administers the nationally recognized SAT and AP tests, from 1999 to 2012.


title: Bob Wise

paragraphs: Robert Ellsworth Wise Jr. (born January 6, 1948) is an American politician. He is a member of the Democrat, Wise was the 33rd Governor of West Virginia from January 2001 to January 2005. He also was in the United States House of Representatives from 1983 until 2001.


title: Sharon Pratt

paragraphs: Sharon Pratt (born January 30, 1944), formerly Sharon Pratt Dixon and Sharon Pratt Kelly, is an American attorney and politician. She was the third Mayor of the District of Columbia from 1991 to 1995. Pratt was the first African American woman to serve as mayor of a major American city.


title: Mayor of the District of Columbia

paragraphs: The Mayor of the District of Columbia is the head of the executive branch of the government of the District of Columbia, in the United States. The mayor has the duty to enforce district laws, and the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Council of the District of Columbia, in the United States. The mayor's office oversees an annual district budget of $8.8 billion.


title: Anthony A. Williams

paragraphs: Anthony Allen Williams (born July 28, 1951) is an American politician who was the fourth person to serve as Mayor of the District of Columbia, for two terms, from 1999 to 2007.


title: Flag of Washington, D.C.

paragraphs: The flag of Washington, D.C. is made up of three red stars above two red bars on a white background. It is an armorial banner based on the design of the coat of arms granted to George Washington's great-great-great-grandfather, Lawrence Washington.


title: Togiola Tulafono

paragraphs: Togiola Talalelei A. Tulafono (born February 28, 1947) is an American Samoan politician and lawyer. He as the 56th Governor of American Samoa. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

paragraphs: Tulafono did not run for governor in 2012 as he was term-limited and could not seek a third consecutive term. He was an unsuccessful candidate for American Samoa's at-large congressional district in 2014.


title: Roy L. Schneider

paragraphs: Roy Lester Schneider (born May 13, 1939) is a physician in the United States Virgin Islands who was the fifth elected governor of that territory from January 5, 1995 to January 4, 1999. He was the fifth elected governor of that territory and the 26th overall.


title: Rajni KC

paragraphs: Rajni KC is the pratinidhi sabha candidate from Kaski-2. After the helicopter crash of Rabindra Prasad Adhikari this seat was vacant. KC has been worked with congress since last 8 years. But she joined Sajha Party and be central committee member. She was vice chancellor at Pokhara University.


title: Jan Stráský

paragraphs: Jan Stráský (24 December 1940 – 6 November 2019) was a Czech politician. He was the last Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia serving in 1992.

paragraphs: He died on November 6, 2019 in the Czech capital at age 78.


title: 44th Canadian federal election

paragraphs: The 44th Canadian federal election will take place on or before October 16, 2023 to elect members of the House of Commons to the 44th Parliament of Canada.

paragraphs: The latest date of the vote is determined by the fixed-date provisions of the Canada Elections Act, which requires federal elections to be held on the third Monday in October in the fourth calendar year after the polling day of the previous election.

paragraphs: Since the current government is a minority government, the election may be held before the scheduled date if Parliament is dissolved by the Governor General of Canada due to a motion of no confidence in the government or due to a recommendation by the Prime Minister of Canada for a snap election.


title: Next Australian federal election

paragraphs: The next Australian federal election will be held in or before 2022 to elect members of the 47th Parliament of Australia. All 151 seats in the House of Representatives (lower house) and 40 of the 76 seats in the Senate (upper house) will be up for election.

paragraphs: The incumbent Coalition Government, led by Scott Morrison will be seeking a fourth three-year term against the opposition Labor Party, led by Anthony Albanese.


title: Rebekha Sharkie

paragraphs: Rebekha Carina Che Sharkie (born 24 August 1972) is an Australian politician. She is a member of the Australian House of Representatives, representing the Division of Mayo in South Australia.

paragraphs: At the 2016 federal election she defeated Liberal Jamie Briggs, and was the first Nick Xenophon Team member to be elected to the Australian House of Representatives.

paragraphs: On 11 May 2018, Sharkie resigned from the House of Representatives as a part of the 2017–18 Australian parliamentary eligibility crisis. She contested the 2018 Mayo by-election on 28 July, and was returned to parliament.


title: Coalition (Australia)

paragraphs: The Liberal–National Coalition is an alliance of centre-right political parties that forms one of the two major groupings in Australian federal politics. Its main opponent is the Australian Labor Party (ALP).

paragraphs: The Coalition has been in government since the 2013 federal election, most recently being re-elected in the 2019 Australian federal election. The group is led by Scott Morrison as Prime Minister of Australia since August 2018.


title: Katter's Australian Party

paragraphs: Katter's Australian Party (KAP) is a political party in Australia. It was formed by the independent and former Nationals Member of Parliament for Kennedy Bob Katter, with a registration application lodged to the Australian Electoral Commission in 2011.

paragraphs: Katter has been the party's federal parliamentary leader since that time, while his son Robbie is the leader in Queensland.

paragraphs: In February 2020, Bob Katter handed the leadership of the party to his son Robbie Katter, a Queensland state MP.


title: Centre Alliance

paragraphs: Centre Alliance, formerly known as the Nick Xenophon Team (NXT), is a centrist Australian political party based in the state of South Australia. It presently holds two seats in the Australian Senate and one seat in the House of Representatives of Australia.


title: Pauline Hanson's One Nation

paragraphs: Pauline Hanson's One Nation (PHON or ONP), also known as One Nation or One Nation Party, is a political party in Australia. One Nation was founded in 1997, by member of parliament Pauline Hanson and her advisors David Ettridge and David Oldfield.

paragraphs: The party's founding came before the 1996 federal election because of comments she made about Indigenous Australians. Hanson sat as an independent for one year before forming Pauline Hanson's One Nation.


title: Pauline Hanson

paragraphs: Pauline Lee Hanson ("née" Seccombe, formerly Zagorski; born 27 May 1954) is an Australian politician. She is the founder and leader of One Nation, a right-wing populist political party. She has been a Senator for Queensland since 2016.


title: Fayette County, Kentucky

paragraphs: Fayette County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 295,803, making it the second-most populous county in the commonwealth. The city of Lexington is the county seat.


title: Bukit Batok MRT station

paragraphs: Bukit Batok MRT Station (NS2) is an MRT station located along the North South MRT Line in Singapore. It was located within Bukit Batok Town Centre and is connected to Bukit Batok bus interchange.

paragraphs: The station opened on 10 March 1990 as part of the Branch Line. The code of station was B1. When the Woodlands Extension opened in 1996, the code was changed to N23, and later to NS2 in 2001.


title: Bukit Gombak MRT station

paragraphs: Bukit Gombak MRT station (NS3) is an above-ground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) station on the North South Line in Bukit Batok, Singapore.

paragraphs: This station was a temporary terminus from 18 to 19 September 2010 during the Jurong East Modification Project upgrade and during the late openings of the MRT on Sundays from June to November 2016.


title: Brickland MRT station

paragraphs: Brickland MRT station (NS3A) is a future Mass Rapid Transit station on the North South line in Choa Chu Kang, Singapore.

paragraphs: The station was first announced on 25 May 2019 as part of the Land Transport Authority's (LTA) Land Transport Master Plan 2040.


title: Sungei Kadut MRT station

paragraphs: Sungei Kadut MRT station (NS6/DT) is a future Mass Rapid Transit interchange station on the North South MRT line and Downtown MRT line, in Sungei Kadut, Singapore.

paragraphs: This station was first proposed in 1990 as part of the North South Line Woodlands Extension. However, it was not built as there was not enough demand.

paragraphs: As announced on 25 May 2019, this station is a part of the Land Transport Master Plan (LTMP) 2040 by the Land Transport Authority (LTA).


title: Maria Fire

paragraphs: The Maria Fire is a wildfire that is currently burning in the area of Somis, California on the top of South Mountain in Ventura County.


title: Tick Fire

paragraphs: The Tick Fire was a wildfire. It burned in Los Angeles County, California from October 24, 2019 to October 31, 2019. It burned several thousand acres.

paragraphs: There was a mass evacuation of about 40,000 people from the Santa Clarita valley.


title: Yew Tee MRT station

paragraphs: Yew Tee MRT station (NS5) is an above-ground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) station on the North South Line in Choa Chu Kang, Singapore.

paragraphs: The station was built in 1995, along with the five other stations of the North South Line Woodlands Extension. The two-storey station building, with a simple design and a kampung-style roof, was officially opened on 10 February 1996. The construction of the station affected 16 factories as land between the Yew Tee and Kranji MRT stations was bought by the government. The station was called Choa Chu Kang North. It was renamed Yew Tee in 1994.


title: AutoIt

paragraphs: AutoIt is a freeware programming language for Microsoft Windows. In versions 1 and 2, it was used to create automation scripts for Microsoft Windows programs. These are sometimes called macros. In version 3, the programming language was extended to allow it to do more things.

paragraphs: The scripting language in AutoIt 1 and 2 was statement-driven. It was designed to simulate a user's input to the computer. From version 3 onward, the AutoIt syntax changed. It is now similar to the BASIC programming language. AutoIt version 3 is a general-purpose programming language. It can have types of data, such as arrays.

paragraphs: An AutoIt script can be converted into a stand-alone executable. This can be run on computers that do not have the AutoIt interpreter installed. A wide range of function libraries are available. They are known as UDFs, or "User Defined Functions". Some are included as standard. Others are available from the website. They add extra abilities to the language. AutoIt has a special editor, an Integrated development environment or IDE. It is based on the free SciTE editor. The compiler and help text are included in this special editor and provide a standard environment for developers.

paragraphs: AutoIt is often used to produce utility software for Microsoft Windows. These programs can automate routine tasks. Example use includes: systems management, monitoring, maintenance, and software installation. It is also used to simulate user interaction. In this use an application is "driven" to do things by an AutoIt script which behaves like a human user. An AutoIT script can issue keypresses, mouse clicks, type text and so on. In this way it simulates a human user of an application.

paragraphs: AutoIt has been used in low-cost laboratory automation. Applications include instrument synchronisation, alarm monitoring and results gathering. Devices such as 3D-printers can also be controlled.

paragraphs: The developers of AutoIt originally released the source code under the GNU General Public License (GPL).

paragraphs: In 2006, the license was changed for version 3.2.0 and later versions to their own closed source license.

paragraphs: Some of the code from version 3.1 was used to create a fork by the AutoHotkey project. This was allowed under the GPL licence terms. The AutoHotkey community is continuing to develop and release the code under the GPL.


title: Duane Vermeulen

paragraphs: Duane Vermeulen is a rugby player. He is won the Currie Cup twice. He plays for the south african national team.


title: Gabriel Jackson

paragraphs: Gabriel Jackson (March 10, 1921 – November 3, 2019) was an American Hispanist, historian and journalist. He was born in Mount Vernon, New York. He was a Professor Emeritus at University of California, San Diego. Jackson was a regular collaborator of the Spanish daily "El País" for many years.

paragraphs: In 1966 he was awarded the American Historical Association's Herbert Baxter Adams Prize.

paragraphs: Jackson died on November 3, 2019 at his home in Eugene, Oregon at the age of 98.


title: Margarita Salas

paragraphs: Margarita Salas Falgueras, 1st Marchioness of Canero (30 November 1938 – 7 November 2019) was a Spanish scientist. She worked in the fields of Biochemistry, and Molecular genetics. Salas was born in Valdés, Asturias, Spain. In 1998, she won the Premio México de Ciencia y Tecnología.

paragraphs: Salas was a member of Spanish Royal Academy of Sciences, European Academy of Sciences and Arts, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, American Academy of Microbiology, United States National Academy of Sciences, and the Severo Ochoa Foundation.

paragraphs: Salas was elected to Seat "i" of the Real Academia Española on 20 December 2001, she left her seat on 4 June 2003.

paragraphs: Salas died on 7 November 2019 in Madrid at the age of 80.


title: Nabaneeta Dev Sen

paragraphs: Nabaneeta Dev Sen (13 January 1938 – 7 November 2019) was an Indian poet, novelist and academic.

paragraphs: Sen published more than 80 books in Bengali: poetry, novels, short stories, plays, literary criticism, personal essays, travelogues, humour writing, translations and children's literature. Her first collection of poems "Pratham Pratyay" was published in 1959.

paragraphs: She was married to economist Amartya Sen from 1958 until their divorce in 1976.

paragraphs: Sen died at her home in Kolkata of lung cancer on 7 November 2019 at the age of 81.


title: Liliana Segre

paragraphs: Liliana Segre (; born 10 September 1930) is an Italian politician. She was a Senator for Life named by President Sergio Mattarella on 19 January 2018.

paragraphs: Segre was born in Milan to a Jewish family. In 1943 she was arrested and deported to Auschwitz. After 1990 she started to speak to the public, especially young people, about her experience.


title: Luciano Gasperini

paragraphs: Luciano Gasperini (born 15 June 1935) is an Italian venetist politician. He was a senator for Liga Veneta–Lega Nord from Veneto from 1996 to 2001. He was chairman of the party's group from 1999 to 2000 and in 1999 he was the party's candidate for the post of President of the Italian Republic.

paragraphs: In 1999 and 2004 he was candidate for Mayor of Padua. From 2002 to 2005 he was federal president of the party. He worked in the Silvio Berlusconi's governments from 2004 through 2006.


title: Umberto Bossi

paragraphs: Umberto Bossi (born 19 September 1941) is an Italian politician. He is the former leader of the Northern League.. He was a critic of the European Union.

paragraphs: Bossi was an unsuccessful candidate for president in 2006, loosing to Giorgio Napolitano.

paragraphs: He was found guilty of embezzlement of hundreds of thousands of euros in public funds. Bossi was sentenced to two years and six months' imprisonment in July 2017.


title: Jürgen Mossack

paragraphs: Jürgen Rolf Dieter Mossack (born 20 March 1948) is a German-born Panamanian lawyer. He is the co-founder of Mossack Fonseca (along with Ramón Fonseca Mora), a former law firm headquartered in Panama City.

paragraphs: The Moccasck and his firm became globally known in 2016 when it found itself at the centre of the so-called Panama Papers affair, It uncovered the activities of the offshore finance industry. Mossack Fonseca set up more than 214,000 shell companies around the world, some of which were found to have been used for illegal purposes, including fraud and tax evasion.

paragraphs: In 2017, he was arrested and jailed in February 2017.

paragraphs: In March 2018, the firm announced it was shutting down.

paragraphs: Gary Oldman played him in a Netflix movie about the Panama Papers titled "The Laundromat" (2019).


title: Ramón Fonseca Mora

paragraphs: Ramón Fonseca Mora (born 14 July 1952) is a Panamanian novelist and lawyer. He was the co-founder of Mossack Fonseca, a former law firm based in Panama with more than 40 offices worldwide.

paragraphs: He was minister-counselor of Juan Carlos Varela, and president of the Panameñista Party until he was fired in March 2016, due to the Brazilian Operation Car Wash.

paragraphs: In 2016, the law firm he owned was raided by police on due to money-laundering, bribery and corruption. Fonseca and his partner Jürgen Mossack were arrested and jailed in February 2017.

paragraphs: Antonio Banderas played him in a Netflix movie about the Panama Papers titled "The Laundromat" (2019).


title: Operation Car Wash

paragraphs: Operation Car Wash () is an ongoing criminal investigation by the Federal Police of Brazil, Curitiba Branch. It was initially judicially headed by Judge Sérgio Moro, and in 2019 by Judge Luiz Antonio Bonat.

paragraphs: It was a money laundering investigation, it expanded to investigate corruption at Petrobras, where executives allegedly accepted bribes in return for awarding contracts to construction firms at inflated prices. The investigation is called "Operation Car Wash" because it was first uncovered at a car wash in Brasília.

paragraphs: At least eleven other countries, mostly in Latin America, were involved, and the Brazilian company Odebrecht was deeply implicated.

paragraphs: Lava Jato indicted and jailed some well-known politicians, including former presidents Fernando Collor de Mello, Michel Temer and Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. Other South American presidents were also implicated such as Peru's Ollanta Humala, Pedro Pablo Kuczynski and Alan Garcia.

paragraphs: During the governments of Cristina Fernández de Kirchner and Néstor Kirchner, Odebrecht was awarded overvalued contracts worth at least US$9.6 billion.


title: The Laundromat (movie)

paragraphs: The Laundromat is a 2019 American biographical comedy-drama movie directed by Steven Soderbergh. The screenplay was written by Scott Z. Burns. It stars Meryl Streep, Gary Oldman, Antonio Banderas, Jeffrey Wright, David Schwimmer, Robert Patrick, Matthias Schoenaerts, James Cromwell, and Sharon Stone.

paragraphs: The movie had its world premiere at the Venice Film Festival on September 1, 2019. It was released theatrically on September 27, 2019, before being released for digital streaming on October 18, 2019, by Netflix. The movie has received mixed reviews from critics.

paragraphs: The two men at the center of the movie, Jürgen Mossack and Ramón Fonseca Mora sued Netflix on October 16, 2019, trying to block the movie's release. They argued that the movie defamed them, but a judge dismissed the case.


title: USS Somerset

paragraphs: The USS Somerset is a troop transport ship serving in the US Navy. Steel from the ruins of the 9/11 attacks was made into pure steel and then remade into the ship's hull.


title: St. Francis, Kansas

paragraphs: St. Francis is a city in Cheyenne County, Kansas, United States. It is also the county seat of Cheyenne County. In 2010, 1,329 people lived there.

paragraphs: St. Francis was created in 1887. The city may have been named for the wife of its founder.

paragraphs: St. Francis is at (39.771389, -101.800717). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

paragraphs: St. Francis has a semi-arid climate (Köppen "BSk"). It has cold, dry winters and hot, humid summers.

paragraphs: The 2010 census says that there were 1,329 people, 650 households, and 357 families living in St. Francis.


title: St. John, Kansas

paragraphs: St. John is a city in Stafford County, Kansas, United States. It is also the county seat of Stafford County. In 2010, 1,295 people lived there.

paragraphs: The first settlement in what is today St. John was made in 1875 when William Bickerton of the Church of Jesus Christ created a religious group named Zion Valley. By 1879, Zion Valley had grown into a small town, and the residents renamed it St. John. It was named after then-governor John P. St. John, in order to try to become the county seat of Stafford County.

paragraphs: In 2015, the official government listing of places has been corrected to spell the town as "St. John" instead of "Saint John." The name was incorrectly changed by the United States Postal Service in the 1970s.

paragraphs: St. John is at (38.0022371, -98.7600887). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

paragraphs: The 2010 census says that there were 1,295 people, 534 households, and 336 families living in St. John.


title: Scott City, Kansas

paragraphs: Scott City is a city in Scott County, Kansas, United States. It is also the county seat of Scott County. In 2010, 3,816 people lived there.

paragraphs: Scott City was created in 1885. Like Scott County, the city is named after United States General, Winfield Scott. In October 1884, two women from Chicago claimed the land that Scott City is on. They built a cabin. In February 1885, two men from Chicago came to the cabin and settled. Soon after, many people started coming to the county. Scott City was then created in 1885. Before being created, Mrs. M.E. De Geer, one of the women that came from Chicago, started a newspaper called the "Western Times" in March 1885. The county then started to fill quickly.

paragraphs: The Kansas Legislature created Scott County in 1873. At this time it was named in honor of General Winfield Scott. Since it was such a small town with so few people, there was no need for a local government. Therefore, it was connected to Ford County for judicial things.

paragraphs: Scott City is at (38.4825192, −100.9070949). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land. It is located in the Great Plains and at the elevation of 2979 ft.

paragraphs: The Köppen Climate Classification system says that Scott City has a semi-arid climate, abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps. The average temperature is 52.4 °F (11.34 °C) and has an average rain fall of 20.16 inches per year. The average snow fall for a year is 23 in. (.58 m).

paragraphs: The 2010 census says that there were 3,816 people, 1,583 households, and 1,029 families living in Scott City.

paragraphs: The USD 466 Scott County mascot is the beaver. A giant welded beaver is on display at the football field.

paragraphs: K-96 and US-83 highways go through the Scott City.

paragraphs: The Scott City Airport is a publicly owned airport. It is in the south east part of Scott City.

paragraphs: "The Scott County Record" is the local newspaper. This weekly publication has been in business since 1993. In 2016, editor Rod Haxton was honored by the Kansas Press Association with the Clyde M. Reed Master Editor Award.


title: Sedan, Kansas

paragraphs: Sedan is the biggest city in Chautauqua County, Kansas, United States. It is also the county seat of Chautaqua County. In 2010, 1,124 people lived there.

paragraphs: Sedan was created in 1871. The city was named after the 1870 Battle of Sedan. Sedan was incorporated as a city in 1876.

paragraphs: Sedan is at (37.128472, -96.186220). It is a close middle-point between New York City and Los Angeles. The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

paragraphs: Sedan has hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. The Köppen Climate Classification system says that Sedan has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

paragraphs: The 2010 census says that there were 1,124 people, 482 households, and 269 families living in Sedan.

paragraphs: Sedan is a part of USD 286 Chautauqua County. Chautauqua County schools were merged in Sedan through school unification.

paragraphs: Before school unification, the Sedan Blue Devils won the Kansas State High School class B baseball championship in 1973 and 2011.


title: Willy Russell

paragraphs: William Russell (born 23 August 1947) is an English dramatist, lyricist and composer. His best known works are "Educating Rita", "Shirley Valentine", "Blood Brothers" and "Our Day Out".

paragraphs: Russell was born in Whiston in Lancashire. On leaving school, aged 15, he became a ladies' hairdresser. He ran his own salon until the age of 20. He then decided to go back to college. He qualified as a teacher. Russell also worked as a semi-professional singer. He wrote and performed his own folk songs.

paragraphs: He began writing drama while at college. In 1972, he took a programme of three one-act plays to the Edinburgh Festival Fringe. They were seen by writer John McGrath. McGrath recommended Russell to the Liverpool Everyman. They commissioned the adaptation, "When The Reds…". This was Russell's first professional work for theatre.

paragraphs: The first play Russell wrote was "Keep Your Eyes Down" (1971). He wrote it while he attended Saint Katharine's College of Higher Education in Liverpool. It was performed at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival in 1971.

paragraphs: In 1974, Russell wrote "John, Paul, George, Ringo ... and Bert". This was a musical about The Beatles. It was commissioned by the Everyman Theatre, Liverpool. It ran there for eight weeks before transferring to the Lyric Theatre, West End. There it ran for over a year. It won the Evening Standard and London Theatre Critics awards for the best musical of 1974.

paragraphs: He wrote further stage works, "One for the Road" (1976) and "Stags and Hens" (1978). Russell was a screenwriter on television films, "Death of A Young Young Man" (1975, BBC1), "Daughters of Albion" (1979), "Our Day Out" (1977) and "One Summer" (1983, 1985).

paragraphs: The Royal Shakespeare Company commisioned the play "Educating Rita". In 1980, it premiered at the Warehouse, London. In August 1980 it transferred to the West End Piccadilly Theatre, London. It starred Julie Walters and Mark Kingston. The play ran to "at least" June 1982. The play has been translated and produced in almost every part the globe. It has recieved awards.In 1986, the play returned to the Liverpool Everyman.

paragraphs: In 1986, Russell wrote "Shirley Valentine". This went on to an acclaimed West End run. It received an Olivier Award, "Comedy of the Year". Its star Pauline Collins received the "Actress of the Year in a New Play award. In February 1989, the play transferred to New York. It had a highly successful Broadway run to November 1989. Collins received a Tony Award for Best Actress.

paragraphs: Both "Shirley Valentine" (1989) and "Educating Rita" (1983) became feature films. Michael Caine, Julie Walters and Pauline Collins all receiving Oscar nominations for their respective roles. Russell received an Oscar nomination for his "Educating Rita" screenplay.

paragraphs: Russell has had success with his play "Blood Brothers". This is 'a Liverpudlian folk opera' about a pair of twins. The twins are separated at birth and brought up in different environments. In 1983, "Blood Brothers" won the Olivier Award for Best New Musical. It has had over 10,000 consecutive performances during its 24-year West End run, which ended in November 2012. At the same time, there were UK touring and international productions. In 1993, the play had a two-year run on Broadway. The Broadway production was nominated for the 1993 Tony Award for Best Musical.

paragraphs: Russell with musical collaborator Bob Eaton wanted to develop "Our Day Out". After extensive rewriting and recomposing, they created "Our Day Out – The Musical". It retains all the characters and plot of the original. The action is brought forward to today. It has a new score and lyrics to reflect the twenty first century setting. The musical was produced in 2010 at the Royal Court Theatre, Liverpool.

paragraphs: In 2000, Russell's first novel, "The Wrong Boy", was published. The book was well received. It had wide readership in the UK. Translations were published in many countries. In 2004, Russell returned to his singer/songwriter roots. He released his album, "Hoovering the Moon", on Pure Records. Russell also co-produced the Tim Firth album "Harmless Flirting".

paragraphs: In 2013, the Archive and Special Collections department of Liverpool John Moores University established the Willy Russell Archive. It contains manuscripts, programmes, publicity and media material including newspaper cuttings and press releases, correspondence, legal, financial and administrative documents, records relating to the casting and audition process, audio and film material, and promotional ephemera. The material was produced throughout the course of Russell's career. It is a comprehensive representation of his work to date. It also illustrates Willy Russell's collaborative works, both written and musical.

paragraphs: In 1969, Russell married Annie Seagroatt. The couple have one son, Rob, and two daughters, Rachel and Ruth.


title: Seneca, Kansas

paragraphs: Seneca is a city in Nemaha County, Kansas, United States. It is also the county seat of Nemaha County. In 2010, 1,991 people lived there.

paragraphs: Seneca was created in 1857. It was named after Seneca County, Ohio.

paragraphs: The first post office in Seneca was created in November 1858.

paragraphs: Seneca grew along the wagon route from St. Joseph, Missouri to Oregon and California. British explorer Richard Francis Burton was going to California in 1860. He went through town and noted: "... Seneca, a city consisting of a few shanties ..."

paragraphs: Seneca was a station on the Pony Express of the early 1860s. The station was in the Smith Hotel, at the present-day place of Fourth and Main Streets.

paragraphs: Seneca was incorporated as a city in 1870.

paragraphs: The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

paragraphs: The 2010 census says that there were 1,991 people, 908 households, and 509 families living in Seneca.


title: Sharon Springs, Kansas

paragraphs: Sharon Springs is a city in Wallace County, Kansas, United States. It is also the county seat Wallace County. In 2010, 748 people lived there.

paragraphs: Sharon Springs was first called Eagle Tail station when it was created in 1868. It was renamed Sharon Springs in 1886, after Sharon Springs, New York. Sharon Springs was incorporated as a city in 1890.

paragraphs: In 2013, the biggest sinkhole in Kansas opened north of Sharon Springs. As of December 2013, the sinkhole was about deep and across.

paragraphs: Sharon Springs is at (38.895513, -101.750881). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

paragraphs: The Köppen Climate Classification system says that Sharon Springs has a semi-arid climate, abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps.

paragraphs: The 2010 census says that there were 748 people, 327 households, and 197 families living in Sharon Springs.


title: Smith Center, Kansas

paragraphs: Smith Center is a city in Smith County, Kansas, United States. It is also the county seat of Smith County. In 2010, 1,665 people lived there.

paragraphs: Smith Center was created in 1871. The first post office in Smith Center was created in January 1873. Like Smith County, Smith Center was named after Maj. J. Nelson Smith of the 2nd Colorado Cavalry. He was a pre-war native of Elwood, Kansas, who died leading his regiment on October 21, 1864 at the Battle of the Little Blue River.

paragraphs: Smith Center is at (39.778550, -98.785141). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

paragraphs: Smith Center is at the junction of U.S. Routes 281 and 36, about100 miles south of Grand Island, Nebraska and 77 miles north of Russell and Interstate 70.

paragraphs: The 2010 census says that there were 1,665 people, 779 households, and 470 families living in Smith Center.

paragraphs: Smith Center is part of Unified School District 237.


title: Sublette, Kansas

paragraphs: Sublette is a city in Haskell County, Kansas, United States. It is also the county seat of Haskell County. In 2010, 1,453 people lived there.

paragraphs: Sublette was created in 1912. It was named after William Lewis Sublette, a French Huguenot who was a partner in the Rocky Mountain Fur Company. Sublette was a mountain man, fur trapper and pioneer who blazed a trail through the area and was known by the local natives as "Cut Face".

paragraphs: The first post office in Sublette was created in January 1913.

paragraphs: Sublette is at (37.479660, -100.845034). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

paragraphs: The Köppen Climate Classification system says that Sublette has a semi-arid climate, abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps.

paragraphs: The 2010 census says that there were 1,453 people, 556 households, and 409 families living in Sublette.

paragraphs: The "Haskell County Monitor-Chief" is the local newspaper.

paragraphs: Sublette is in the Wichita-Hutchinson, Kansas television market. KDGL-LD is licensed to Sublette Kansas and is the flagship station of High Plains Broadcasting, LLC. KDGL broadcasts on RF channel 23 carrying 6 video streams. Current Networks are Retro TV, Tuff TV, AMG TV, Launch TV, TheWalk TV, and PBJ TV. KDGL uses TV23 as branding for all 5 licenses including Dodge City, Garden City, Liberal, and Ulysses. Sublette was chosen for its central location in the Southwest Kansas Market and to streamline future news gathering for NewsWest23 newscasts.


title: Syracuse, Kansas

paragraphs: Syracuse is a city in Hamilton County, Kansas, United States. It is also the county seat of Hamilton County. In 2010, 1,812 people lived there.

paragraphs: Syracuse was first called Holidaysburg. It was created in 1873. It was renamed Syracuse before 1878. It was named after the city of Syracuse, New York.

paragraphs: Syracuse is at (37.982938, -101.751224). It is along U.S. Route 50 and the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway. It is sixteen miles (twenty-six kilometers) away from the Colorado border. The Arkansas River goes south of the City of Syracuse. The countryside south of the Arkansas River has sandhills. The "Syracuse Sand Dunes" is in these sandhills. It is a city park covering , including a fishing pond.

paragraphs: The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

paragraphs: The Köppen Climate Classification system says that Syracuse has a semi-arid climate, abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps.

paragraphs: The 2010 census says that there were 1,812 people, 715 households, and 460 families living in Syracuse.

paragraphs: Syracuse High School is the unified high school for Hamilton County USD 494. The Syracuse school mascot is Bulldogs.


title: Educating Rita

paragraphs: Educating Rita is a stage comedy by British playwright Willy Russell. It is a play for two actors set entirely in the office of an Open University tutor.

paragraphs: It was Commissioned by the Royal Shakespeare Company. "Educating Rita" premièred at The Warehouse, London, in June 1980. It starred Julie Walters and Mark Kingston. The play was directed by Mike Ockrent.

paragraphs: The plays follows the relationship between 26-year-old student Rita and Frank, a middle-aged university lecturer. Rita is a Liverpudlian working class hairdresser. It follows them over a year. Act 1 consists of seven scenes. These run from January to May. Act 2 consists of a further seven. These run from September to December. In the play Frank has no surname. When the film was made he became Dr. Frank Bryant.

paragraphs: Rita is dissatisfied with the routine of her work. She signs up for an Open University course in English Literature. The play opens as 'Rita' meets her tutor, Frank, for the first time. Frank is a middle-aged, alcoholic career academic. He has taken on the tutorship to pay for his drink. The two have an immediate and profound effect on one another. Frank is impressed by Rita. He is forced to re-examine his attitudes. Rita finds a new self-confidence. Frank's bitterness and cynicism return. He notices Rita beginning to adopt the university culture he despises. Rita becomes disillusioned. The play ends as Frank is sent to Australia.

paragraphs: The play deals with the concepts of freedom, change, England's class system and the shortcomings of institutional education. It deals with the nature of self-development and of personal relationships. The play borrows from the George Bernard Shaw play "Pygmalion". This in turn is based upon Greek myth.

paragraphs: In 1983, the play was adapted by Russell for a film with Michael Caine and Julie Walters, directed by Lewis Gilbert.

paragraphs: In 2009, the play was adapted by Russell for radio – see "Educating Rita (radio play)". It starred Bill Nighy and Laura Dos Santos. It was directed by Kirsty Williams. It was broadcast on BBC Radio 4 on Boxing Day 2009.

paragraphs: From June–July 2001, the Williamstown Theatre Festival mounted a production of Educating Rita at the Nikos Stage. It starred Jacqueline McKenzie as Rita and Edward Herrmann as Frank. The production was directed by Bruce Paltrow. It was critically acclaimed with critics saying McKenzie's performance one of the best performances of the year".

paragraphs: From 26 March-8 May 2010, as part of the Willy Russell season at the Menier Chocolate Factory. Laura Dos Santos reprised her radio performance on stage as Rita with Larry Lamb as Frank. This was the production's first London West End revival.

paragraphs: From 8 July-30 October 2010, this production transferred to the Trafalgar Studios in London's West End. It was produced by Sonia Friedman. Laura Dos Santos reprised her role as Rita. Frank was played by Tim Pigott-Smith.

paragraphs: The production ran in repertory alongside "Shirley Valentine" starring Meera Syal.

paragraphs: In 2012, it toured the UK. It starred Claire Sweeney as Rita and Matthew Kelly as Frank.

paragraphs: From 6 February to 7 March 2015, a 35th anniversary production was staged at Liverpool Playhouse. It starred Leanne Best as Rita and Con O'Neill as Frank. It was directed by Gemma Bodinetz. The same year the Chichester Festival staged a production with Lashana Lynch as Rita and Lenny Henry and Frank.

paragraphs: The original production received the 1980 Olivier Award nomination for "Comedy Performance of the Year" for Julie Walters. It won "Comedy of the Year".


title: Shirley Valentine

paragraphs: Shirley Valentine is a one-character play by Willy Russell. It takes the form of a monologue by a middle-aged, working class Liverpool housewife. It focuses on her life before and after a transforming holiday abroad.

paragraphs: Shirley finds herself regularly alone and talking to the wall. She prepare an evening meal of egg and chips for her emotionally distant husband. Her best friend offers to pay for a trip-for-two to Greece. She leaves a note on the cupboard door in the kitchen. In Greece she rediscovers what she had been missing in England. She is so happy that she decides not to return. She leaves her friend at the airport and goes back to the hotel. She asks for a job.

paragraphs: Commissioned in 1986, by the Everyman Theatre in Liverpool. Noreen Kershaw starred. It was directed by Glen Walford. In 1988 it opened in London's West End at the Vaudeville Theatre. Pauline Collins starred. It was directed by Simon Callow. On 16 February 1989, the Broadway production, with Collins again directed by Callow, opened at the Booth Theatre. It ran for 324 performances. Ellen Burstyn replaced Collins later in the run. Loretta Swit starred in a US national tour in 1995.

paragraphs: From 26 March - 8 May 2010, as part of the Willy Russell season at the Menier Chocolate Factory, Meera Syal played Shirley in the production's first London West End revival. A West End transfer of the Menier Chocolate Factory production ran at the Trafalgar Studios from 20 July - 30 October 2010. Meera Syal reprised her role as Shirley; this production was adapted and broadcast by BBC Radio Four in 2010 and 2017.

paragraphs: A 30th Anniversary Tour, starring Jodie Prenger ran in the UK from March 2017 to November 2017.

paragraphs: Russell adapted his play for a 1989 film version, directed by Lewis Gilbert, with Collins again playing the title role.


title: Medicine Lodge, Kansas

paragraphs: Medicine Lodge is the biggest city in Barber County, Kansas, United States. It is also the county seat of Barber County. In 2010, 2,009 people lived there.

paragraphs: Settlers led by a man named John Hutchinson founded Medicine Lodge in February 1873. It was created north of the confluence of Elm Creek and the Medicine Lodge River. The community grew quickly, and it had a hotel, stores, and a post office established within a year.

paragraphs: In 1874, in response to Native raids in the region, residents and the state militia constructed a stockade. A group of Osage killed three settlers within a few miles of the compound, but no direct attack on the fortifications occurred. Medicine Lodge was incorporated as a city in 1879.

paragraphs: Temperance activist Carrie Nation launched her crusade against the sale of alcohol while living in Medicine Lodge in 1900. Her home and a recreation of the 1873 stockade are open to the public.

paragraphs: Medicine Lodge is at (37.284352, -98.580977) in south-central Kansas. It is in the Red Hills region of the Great Plains. The city is north of the confluence of the Medicine Lodge River and Elm Creek. The city is on the northeast side of the river. Elm Creek goes south around the eastern and southern sides of the city. A tributary of Elm Creek, which goes south through Medicine Lodge, has been dammed north of the city to form a reservoir. This reservoir is Barber County State Lake.

paragraphs: The city is at the junction of U.S. Routes 160 and 281.

paragraphs: The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

paragraphs: Medicine Lodge has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen "Cfa"). It has hot, humid summers and cold, dry winters. The average temperature in Medicine Lodge is 57.3 °F (14 °C), and the average precipitation per year is 26.2 inches (660 mm). On average, January is the coldest month, July is the warmest month, and June is the wettest month. The hottest temperature ever in Medicine Lodge was 118 °F (48 °C) in 1936; the coldest temperature ever was -22 °F (-30 °C) in 1905.

paragraphs: The 2010 census says that there were 2,009 people, 876 households, and 530 families living in Medicine Lodge.

paragraphs: Medicine Lodge is the western endpoint of the Medicine Lodge railroad of the V&S Railway. The rail line runs northwest-southeast through the southwestern part of the city.

paragraphs: "The Gyp Hill Premiere" is the local newspaper. It is published once per week.