title: Modern Orthodox Judaism

paragraphs: Modern Orthodox Judaism (also Modern Orthodox or Modern Orthodoxy) is a movement within Orthodox Judaism. It tries to mix Jewish values from the halakha with the secular and more modern world.

paragraphs: Modern Orthodoxy can be found in different forms. In Israel, for example, Modern Orthodoxy is dominated by Religious Zionism. Although they are not the same, these movements share many of the same values and many of the same people following them.


title: Yeshiva University

paragraphs: Yeshiva University is a private university in New York City. It has six campuses in New York and one in Israel. The university was founded in 1886. It is a research university.

paragraphs: Its campuses and schools include Yeshiva College, Stern College for Women, Syms School of Business, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and the Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law.


title: Roger Corman

paragraphs: Roger Corman (born April 5, 1926) is an American movie director, producer, and actor. He made dozens of low-budget B-movies such as "Swamp Women" (1955), "The Little Shop of Horrors" (1960), and "The Saga of the Viking Women and Their Voyage to the Waters of the Great Sea Serpent".

paragraphs: He is best known for six movies based on the short stories of Edgar Allan Poe that include "House of Usher" (1960), "The Pit and the Pendulum" (1961), and "The Masque of the Red Death" (1964).


title: Swamp Women

paragraphs: Swamp Women is a 1955 low-budget B-movie directed by Roger Corman. It stars Beverly Garland, Carole Mathews, Mike Connors, and Marie Windsor. The movie is about an undercover police officer who joins three escaped female convicts in a search for diamonds in the Louisiana swamps.


title: Loretta King

paragraphs: Loretta King (August 20, 1917 – September 10, 2007) was an American actress. She was born in Phoenix, Arizona. Her movie career was brief. She is best known for her appearance in Ed Wood's "Bride of the Monster" (1955). She married Herman Hadler in 1970. She died in Century City, California. King was portrayed in Tim Burton's 1994 bio-pic, "Ed Wood", by actress Juliet Landau.


title: Uluburun

paragraphs: Uluburun is a sunken shipwreck that dates to the late 14th century BC. It was found in 1982 off the coast of south-western Turkey. It was found by chance by a scuba diver. The ship was 20 meters long and could carry up to 20 tons. Uluburun is the name of the cape where it was found nearby Kaş.


title: Illinois Executive Mansion

paragraphs: The Illinois Executive Mansion is the official residence of the Governor of Illinois. It is at 410 E. Jackson Street in Springfield, Illinois and is open to tours on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday mornings, free of charge. The Georgian style Mansion was designed by Chicago architect John M. Van Osdel. The Mansion was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.

paragraphs: The 16-room manor was completed in 1855 and was first occupied by governor Joel Aldrich Matteson, who held the official grand opening on January 10, 1856. It is the oldest historic residence in the state of Illinois and one of the three oldest continuously-occupied governor's mansions in the United States. In 2011, a multimillion dollar renovation was planned because the last repairs to the mansion were in 1971.


title: JibJab

paragraphs: JibJab is a website created by Evan and Gregg Spiridellis in 1999. JibJab was noticed in the 2004 U.S. presidential election with their video of George W. Bush and John Kerry singing "This Land is your Land" became so popular. The company creates original content. It has three main sections on the website: eCards; "Everyday Fun Sendables" such as funny videos; and "Originals," including "This Land," "Time for Some Campaignin'," and "Big Box Mart."

paragraphs: JibJab has also produced commercials for clients like Sony, Noggin, Disney and Cartoon Network.


title: Jewish ethics

paragraphs: Jewish ethics refers to the philosophical tradition of ethics in Judaism.

paragraphs: Like other types of laws and values in other religions, the subject of Jewish ethics tries to provide answers for many moral questions. It has gone through major changes over the past 2000 years. The halakha addresses many problems that are related to all kinds of ethics.


title: Lancaster University

paragraphs: Lancaster University is a British university in Lancaster, Lancashire, England. It consistently rated among the top universities in the United Kingdom for research and teaching. It is ranked in the top one percent of universities in the world. All students are a member of a college. There are eight undergraduate colleges and a ninth college for postgraduates.


title: Jews as the chosen people

paragraphs: The Jewish belief of Jews as a chosen people is that Jews are the chosen people of God. Jews believe that God has given them a special job to repair the world. Their job is to make the world a better place with more good in it. They must use the things in the world to increase good and come closer to God. They call this “"tikkun olam"” – repairing the world. Jews see themselves as God’s partner to repair the world in any way they can – to find ways to lessen suffering of people and animals, to make more peace and respect between people, and to protect the earth’s environment from destruction.

paragraphs: This idea is first found in the Torah (the first five books of the Tanakh, which are also included in the Christian Bible). Much is written about these topics in rabbinic literature:

paragraphs: Jews believe that God made an agreement called a “covenant” with Abraham, the ancestor of the Jewish people. The Bible says that God promised to bless Abraham and his descendants if they worshipped God and were faithful to him. God made this covenant with Abraham's son, Isaac, and with Isaac's son, Jacob. God also gave Jacob another name – Israel. This is how Jacob’s descendants got the name the “Children of Israel” or “Israelites.” God later gave the Israelites the Torah to the Israelites through their leader, Moses. The Torah told the Israelites how to live and build their community. God gave the Israelites the Ten Commandments and other laws in the Torah.

paragraphs: The Jews are sometimes called the “Chosen People.” This is because the Bible says God told them “you will be to Me a kingdom of priests and a holy nation” (Exodus 19:6) and “For you are a holy people to the Lord your God, and the Lord chose you to be His own special nation out of all peoples on the earth” (Deuteronomy 14:2). Jews understand this means that they have special duties and responsibilities commanded by God. For example, Jews must build a just society and serve only God. Jews believe that this covenant works in two ways: if they follow God’s laws, He will give them his love and protection, but they are also responsible for their sins – bad actions – and not doing what God told them. Jews believe that they must teach other people that God exists and that God wants all people to do good actions. Jews believe that their job in the world is to be "a light to the nations" (Isiah 49:6) by showing the people of the world ways to make the world a better place.

paragraphs: The idea of chosenness has traditionally been interpreted by Jews in two ways: one way is that God chose the Israelites, while the other is that the Israelites chose God. Another opinion is that even though the Jews chose to follow God, the Kabbalah and Tanya teach that even prior to creation, the "Jewish soul" was already chosen.

paragraphs: Jews do not try to convince other people to believe in Judaism. Jews believe they have a special job to show all peoples that God exists, but people do not have to be Jewish to follow God. All people can serve God by following the Seven Commandments (rules) given to Noah. But, Judaism accepts people who choose to change their religion to Judaism.

paragraphs: The Jewish people have a special status in the Islamic book, the Quran:

paragraphs: O children of Israel, remember my favor which I bestowed upon you, and that I favored you above all creation. (Qur'an 2:47). 2:122).

paragraphs: Many Christians also believe that the Jews were God's chosen people (), but because of Jewish rejection of Jesus, the Christians in turn received that special status (). This doctrine is known as Supersessionism.


title: Musar movement

paragraphs: The Musar movement is a Jewish ethical, educational and cultural movement. It developed in the 19th century in Eastern Europe, particularly among Orthodox Lithuanian Jews.

paragraphs: The Hebrew term "Musar" (), is from the book of "Proverbs" 1:2. It means moral conduct, instruction or discipline. The movement made important contributions to Jewish ethics and Musar literature.


title: Carter Hutton

paragraphs: Carter Hutton (born December 19, 1985, in Thunder Bay, Ontario) is a Canadian ice hockey goaltender that is currently signed to the Nashville Predators of the National Hockey League.

paragraphs: Before he played in the AHL and NHL, Hutton played 4 seasons in the University of Massachusetts Lowell with the River Hawks. He has also played in the AHL with the Adirondack Phantoms for 4 games and the Worcester Sharks for 22 games.

paragraphs: On August 1, 2011, the Rockford IceHogs signed Hutton as an unrestricted free agent. He was called up by the Blackhawks to replace Ray Emery who was out with an illness and played his first game in the NHL on March 26, 2012. On July 5, 2013, Hutton signed a one-year, two-way contract worth $550,000 with the Nashville Predators.


title: Ketuvim

paragraphs: Ketuvim (in Biblical Hebrew: "writings") is the third and final section of the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible), after Torah (instruction) and Nevi'im (prophets). It includes:


title: Crest (feathers)

paragraphs: The crest, in some cases called crown, is a group of feathers that some species of birds have on top of the head. The feathers of these crests can move up and down or be permanently up, depending of the species. For example, the crests of cockatoos and the hoopoe could be up or down but the feathers in the crest of the grey crowned crane are always up.

paragraphs: Crests on birds are generally used for display purposes. Birds with crests often use them to communicate with others and as a part of their courtship. They also tend to display their crests when they are frightened or ready to fight because the birds may appear larger than they really are.

paragraphs: Cockatoos and their smaller cousins, cockatiels, are part of the Cacatuidae family of parrots found in Australia, the Bismarck Archipelago and the Philippines, and are probably the most recognizable birds to feature crests. Cockatoos and cockatiels possess crests which may be raised or lowered at will. Their crests are used to communicate with fellow members of their species, or as a form of defense to frighten away other species that approach too closely, making the bird appear larger when the crest is suddenly and unexpectedly raised.


title: Chumash (Judaism)

paragraphs: The Hebrew term Chumash (also Ḥumash, ) is a term for "Torah" in printed form, unlike the Torah scroll.

paragraphs: The word comes from the Hebrew word for five, "" (). A more formal term is "Ḥamishah Ḥumshei Torah", meaning "five fifths of Torah". It is a Hebrew name for the Five Books of Moses, also known by the Latinised Greek term Pentateuch in common printed editions. The five books are: Moses, Beraishis (Genesis), Shemot (Exodus), Vayikra (Leviticus), Bamidbar (Numbers), and Devarim (Deuteronomy).


title: James Holshouser

paragraphs: James Eubert Holshouser, Jr. (October 8, 1934 – June 17, 2013) was the Governor of the state of North Carolina from 1973 to 1977 for the Republican.

paragraphs: Holshouser was born on October 8, 1934 in Boone, North Carolina. He studied at Davidson College. Holshouser was married to Patricia Ann Hollingsworth until his death in 2013. They had no children. Holshouser died on June 17, 2013 in Pinehurst, North Carolina, aged 78.


title: Amitabh Bachchan

paragraphs: Amitabh Harivansh Bachchan is an Indian movie actor. He has been in over 190 Indian movies in more than forty years. Bachchan is widely thought of as one of the greatest and most influential actors in the history of Indian cinema.

paragraphs: Bachchan has won many major awards in his career. His awards include three National Film Awards as Best Actor and fourteen Filmfare Awards.

paragraphs: Bachchan made his Hollywood debut in 2013 with "The Great Gatsby".


title: Peride Celal

paragraphs: Peride Celal Yönsel (June 10, 1916 – June 15, 2013), commonly known as Peride Celal or Peride Celâl was a Turkish novelist and story-writer.

paragraphs: Celal was born in İstanbul, Ottoman Empire on June 10, 1916. She completed her high school education in Samsun and at the French curriculum Lycée Saint Pulchérie in İstanbul. Celal spent most of her childhood in Anatolia. She had one daughter, Zeynep Ergun.

paragraphs: Peride Celal died on June 15, 2013, but it was announced two days later by her family.

paragraphs: In 1977, she was honored for her novel "Üç Yirmi Dört Saat" with the Turkish Sedat Simavi Literature Award along with Fazıl Hüsnü Dağlarca. The "1991 Orhan Kemal Novel Prize" was bestowed on Peride Celal for her novel "Kurtlar".

paragraphs: In 1996, Selim İleri published a book titled "Present to Peride Celal" (Peride Celal’e Armağan) edited by 19 Turkish authors.


title: Bourvil

paragraphs: André Bourvil was a French actor and singer. He was born with the name André Robert Raimbourg. He is best known for his roles in comedy movies. He worked with Louis de Funès in the movies "Le Corniaud" (1965) and "La Grande Vadrouille" (1966).

paragraphs: He won a Special Diploma at the 4th Moscow International Film Festival.


title: Monster on the Campus

paragraphs: Monster on the Campus is 1958 sci fi horror movie. It was directed by Jack Arnold. The screenplay was written by David Duncan. The story is about a professor (Arthur Franz) who terrorizes a college campus when he is turned into a Neanderthal monster after coming into contact with the irradiated blood of a coelacanth. Troy Donahue appears as college student Jimmy Flanders. Nancy Walters plays his girlfriend.


title: Claudia Cardinale

paragraphs: Claudia Cardinale is an Italian actress. She was in some of the most famous European movies of the 1960s and 1970s. Most of Cardinale's movies have been Italian or French.

paragraphs: Cardinale has been honoured at nearly every major movie festival. She has been given lifetime achievement awards from festivals in Canada, France, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Turkey, Armenia, Russia, Bulgaria, Egypt, Tunisia, Morocco, Australia, the UK and US. The "Los Angeles Times Magazine" named Cardinale among the 50 most beautiful women in movie history.


title: Lara Lor-Van

paragraphs: Lara-El (née Lara Lor-Van) is a fictional character who appears in Superman comics published by DC Comics. Lara is the biological mother of Superman, and the wife of scientist Jor-El. Lara was played by Ayelet Zurer in the 2013 Superman movie "Man of Steel".


title: Dominique Wilkins

paragraphs: Jacques Dominique Wilkins (born January 12, 1960) is an American former basketball player. He played for the Boston Celtics and Atlanta Hawks in the NBA. Wilkins was born in Paris, France. He was raised in North Carolina.


title: The Monolith Monsters

paragraphs: The Monolith Monsters is a 1957 sci fi horror movie. It was directed by John Sherwood and stars Grant Williams and Lola Albright. It was based on a short story by Jack Arnold and Robert M. Fresco. Fresco and Norman Jolley wrote the screenplay. Troy Donahue and "The Donna Reed Show" regular Paul Petersen have uncredited roles.

paragraphs: A meteor crashes near the desert town of San Angelo. Fragments are scattered everywhere. They grow into skyscraper-sized monoliths. These monsters fall and shatter into thousands of pieces that grow into monoliths themselves. People are crushed or turned into statues.


title: Kirby Puckett

paragraphs: Anthony Kirby Puckett (more often known simply as Kirby Puckett; March 14, 1960 - March 6, 2006) was an American baseball player. He was born in Chicago. He played for the Minnesota Twins from 1984 to 1995. He had many home run hits and doubles. He retired because of bad vision in one eye. Kirby died on March 6, 2006 in Phoenix, Arizona from a hemorrhagic stroke.


title: Dorothy Stratten

paragraphs: Dorothy Stratten (or Dorothy Ruth Hoogstraten; February 28, 1960 - August 14, 1980) was a Canadian model and actress. She was born in Vancouver, British Columbia. She later moved to Los Angeles. She appeared in three comedy movies and several television series. She was also "Playboy" Playmate of the Month in August 1979 and Playmate of the Year in 1980. Stratten was shot dead in Los Angeles by her estranged husband Paul Snider, who committed suicide the same day.


title: Astrodynamics

paragraphs: Astrodynamics is a part of physics that deals with movement in space. It is a branch of mechanics dealing with orbits.


title: Theory of the Earth

paragraphs: Theory of the Earth was a publication by James Hutton which laid the foundations for geology. In it he showed that the Earth is the product of natural forces. What could be seen happening today, over long periods of time, could produce what we see in the rocks. This idea, uniformitarianism, was a major step in the History of the geologic time scale. It was used by Charles Lyell in his work, and Lyell's textbook was an important influence on Charles Darwin.

paragraphs: Hutton recognized that rocks record the evidence of the past action of processes which still operate today. He also anticipated natural selection, as follows:

paragraphs: Hutton's prose hindered his theories. John Playfair in 1802 restated of Huttton's geological ideas in clearer English. However, he left out Hutton's thoughts on evolution. Charles Lyell in the 1830s popularised the idea of an infinitely repeating cycle (of the erosion of rocks and the building up of sediment). Lyell believed in gradual change, and thought even Hutton gave too much credit to catastrophic changes.

paragraphs: Hutton's work was published in different forms and stages:


title: Kill Your Darlings

paragraphs: The movie Kill Your Darlings is a 2013 historic drama set in 1944. The cast includes Daniel Radcliffe as Allen Ginsberg, Jennifer Jason Leigh as Naomi and Kyra Sedgwick as Marian Carr. This movie got very positive reviews from the critics.


title: Accusative case

paragraphs: The accusative case is the grammatical case which marks the direct object of a transitive verb. This is best explained with examples:

paragraphs: In the sentence ""He" sees the woman", "he" is the subject of the sentence. In the sentence "The woman sees "him"", "him" is the object.

paragraphs: So, in English we use different forms of the pronoun: he/him. "Him" would be the accusative case. If we use a noun, there is no difference in English. We use the same word "man": The man sees the woman" and "The woman sees the man.

paragraphs: In many languages different forms of the word are used, depending on what function it has in the sentence - subject or object.

paragraphs: For example, in Latin. "The man sees the woman" = "Vir feminam videt", while "The woman sees the man" = "Femina virum videt". For "man", Latin uses "vir" for the subject, and "virum" for the object. Also, in the same sentences, we have "femina" for a subject and "feminam" for object. The form used for the direct object ("him", "virum", "feminam") is known as the "accusative case", while the form used for the subject ("he", "vir", "femina") is known as the nominative case.

paragraphs: In some languages, like German, the accusative case is applied to the definite article and not to the noun. In German, "the car" as the subject of a sentence may be "der Wagen". This is the form in the nominative case. When "the car" is used as the object in a sentence, it becomes "den Wagen", the accusative.


title: Elizabeth Olsen

paragraphs: Elizabeth Olsen (born February 16, 1989) is an American musician and actress. She was born in Los Angeles, California. She is the sister of the actresses Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen. She is most known for her role as the Red Witch in the Marval Comic Universe. She has acted in her sisters' movies, and in other movies.


title: Kikki Danielsson

paragraphs: Kikki Danielsson, born 10 May 1952, is a Swedish country, dansband and schlager singer. She participated at the Eurovision Song Contest in 1982 as a member of the group Chips and 1985, as a solo artist.


title: Lotta Engberg

paragraphs: Lotta Engberg (born 5 March 1963 in Överkalix,) is a Swedish dansband and schlager singer. She participated at the Eurovision Song Contest in 1987.


title: Elisabeth Andreassen

paragraphs: Elisabeth Andreassen (born 28 March 1958) is a Norwegian singer. She participated at the Eurovision Song Contest for Sweden in 1982, and for Norway in 1985 and 1996.


title: County Cavan

paragraphs: County Cavan (in Gaelic, ) is a county in Ireland. It is part of the Border Region as it is on the border with Northern Ireland. It is part of the province of Ulster. It is named after the town of Cavan. 73,183 people live in the county according to the 2011 census. Not many people live in the north-western area of the county as there are many mountains.

paragraphs: Cavan borders six other counties: Leitrim to the west, Fermanagh and Monaghan to the north, Meath to the south-east, Longford to the south-west and Westmeath to the south.

paragraphs: The county has a lot of countryside with many lakes and small hills called drumlins. The highest point of the county is in the Breifne mountains, mount Cuilcagh at .

paragraphs: Cavan is known as 'The Lakeland County' and it is said it has 365 lakes, one for every day of the year. At , Lough Sheelin is the county's largest lake situated in the south of the county. A large area of lakes in the north and west of Cavan are marked as Specially Protected Areas (SPA), example of this being Lough Oughter. Other important wildlife protected lakes such as Lough Gowna and Lough Ramor are in the south and east of the county. The county contains forests such as Bellamont Forest near Cootehill, Killykeen Forest Park at Lough Oughter (a Coillte state forest), Dún na Rí Forest Park and the Burren Forest.

paragraphs: Many rivers in Ireland start in County Cavan. The Shannon Pot is the source of the River Shannon, the longest river in Ireland at . The River Erne is a major river which rises from Beaghy Lough south of Stradone in Cavan and flows for to Lough Erne.

paragraphs: In medieval times, the area of Cavan was part of East Bréifne after its ruling Gaelic family. This in was a division of the 11th century Kingdom of Bréifne. For this reason the county is also sometimes known as the Breffni County. The natural landscape of drumlin hills and loughs made a good defence against invaders.

paragraphs: Historically, Cavan was part of the western province of Connacht, but was transferred to Ulster in 1584 when Bréifne was shired and became the county of Cavan. In the south, the Lough Sheelin area was part of Leinster until the late 14th century.

paragraphs: Parts of Cavan were under Norman influence from the twelfth century. The remains of several buildings from the time can still be seen at Castlerahan and Clogh Oughter castle. There are also some remains of early abbeys in the county, like at Drumlane and Trinity Island.

paragraphs: The Plantation of Ulster from 1610 saw the settlement and origins of several new towns within the county like Bailieborough, Cootehill, Killeshandra and Virginia. Existing towns such as Cavan and Belturbet became over time more important as trading centres. Wars aimed at trying to unsettle the Plantation only led to further plantations of English and Scottish settlers into the county and the beginnings of a thriving flax and linen industry.

paragraphs: Agriculture is the largest industry in the county, especially dairy milk processing as well as pig and beef farming. Much of Cavan's land is clay soils, which are rich in minerals, but heavy and poorly drained, making pasture farming the dominant farming system in the county. There is a total farmed area of in the county, and there are approximately 219,568 cattle in Cavan.

paragraphs: Peat cutting exists in the northwest of the county, in the Cuilcagh range.

paragraphs: Cavan has expanded in other industries, mainly quarrying, energy production and manufacturing facilities.


title: Elitserien

paragraphs: Elitserien (literally, the "Elite League") is the name of several Swedish sport leagues that cover the whole of Sweden. In most sports, Elitserien is the highest league, with the second highest usually named Allsvenskan.


title: Gyllene Tider

paragraphs: Gyllene Tider is a pop band from the town of Halmstad in Sweden.


paragraphs: The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection is a book by R.A. Fisher first published in 1930 by Oxford University Press which combines Mendelian genetics with Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection. It is one of the most important books of the modern evolutionary synthesis.

paragraphs: A second, slightly revised edition was published in 1958. In 1999, a third variorum edition, with the original 1930 text, annotated with the 1958 alterations, notes and alterations accidentally omitted from the second edition was published.

paragraphs: When Fisher started his career, genetics was not a well-understood science. There were biologists who did not see how evolution by natural selection could happen with heredity as they understood it. The main effect of the book was to to show the small changes in genes could indeed lead to the large changes seen in the fossil record. Fisher's second chapter, the "Fundamental theory of natural selection", convinced most biologists that Darwin's idea and modern genetics were compatible (could work together). Fisher's view was reinforced by Julian Huxley, J.B.S. Haldane, Sewell Wright, Theodosius Dobzhansky, and G. Ledyard Stebbins. All of these men were in touch with genetics. With the addition of two field biologists, Ernst Mayr and Bernhard Rensch and a palaeontologist, George Simpson, the group put together the modern synthesis.

paragraphs: Fisher also developed ideas on sexual selection, mimicry and the evolution of dominance. He showed that mutations with big effects usually reduce the fitness of the individual. He also proved that larger populations carry more variation and have a greater chance of survival. He set the foundations for population genetics.

paragraphs: About a third of the book concerned the applications of genetics to humans. Using the British census data of 1911, he showed there was an inverse relationship between fertility and social class. This was partly due, he believed, to the rise in social status of families who were not capable of producing many children but who rose because of the financial advantage of having a small number of children. Therefore he suggested subsidies (he called them allowances) to families with larger numbers of children, with the allowances proportional to the earnings of the father. He himself had two sons and six daughters.

paragraphs: The book was reviewed, among others, by physicist Charles Galton Darwin, a grandson of Charles Darwin's. After his review, C.G. Darwin sent Fisher his copy of the book, with notes in the margin. The marginal notes became the food for a correspondence running at least three years.

paragraphs: Although Fisher's book was immediately understood by the few who understood genetics, it was a long time before the general biologist appreciated it. It is now agreed to be one of the foundations of modern population genetics and evolution.

paragraphs: Fisher's book also had a major influence on W.D. Hamilton and the development of his theories on the genetic basis for kin selection. Hamilton, a leading theoretician of the later 20th century, said:


title: Aseptic meningitis

paragraphs: Meningitis happens when the brain's lining becomes inflamed. This lining is called the meninges. Aseptic meningitis occurs when there are signs of meningitis. However, when a sample of brain fluid is taken, bacteria do not grow. This condition is often treatable. In many cases, recovery takes 7–10 days.

paragraphs: These factors increase the chance of developing aseptic meningitis:


title: County Meath

paragraphs: County Meath () is a county in Ireland. It is part of the province of Leinster. It is named after the ancient "Kingdom of Mide" (in Gaelic "Mide" means "middle"). 184,135 people lived in the county according to the 2011 census. The county town is Navan, this is where the county hall and government are located. Trim used to be the county town.

paragraphs: The River Boyne flows through the county.

paragraphs: The county is sometimes known by the nickname "The Royal County" because of its history as the seat of the High King of Ireland.

paragraphs: County Meath formed the eastern part of the former Kingdom of Mide. The seat of the High King of Ireland was at Tara which is not far from Navan.

paragraphs: The archaeological complex of "Brú na Bóinne" is 5,000 years old. It includes the burial sites of Newgrange, Knowth and Dowth, in the north-east of the county. It is a UNESCO designated World Heritage Site.

paragraphs: The county has a lot of farms, mainly cattle, dairying, potatoes and grain. Meath is Ireland's leading county producer of potatoes, and a significant producer of beef, barley, milk, wheat, and root vegetables. Europe's largest underground lead-zinc mine, Tara Mines, has operated since 1977, at a location to the west of Navan.


title: Eddington limit

paragraphs: The Eddington limit, or Eddington luminosity was first worked out by Arthur Eddington. It is a natural limit to the normal luminosity of stars. The state of balance is a hydrostatic equilibrium. When a star exceeds the Eddington limit, it loses mass with a very intense radiation-driven stellar wind from its outer layers.

paragraphs: Eddington's models treated a star as a sphere of gas held up against gravity by internal thermal pressure. Eddington showed that radiation pressure was necessary to prevent collapse of the sphere.

paragraphs: Most massive stars have luminosities far below the Eddington luminosity, so their winds are mostly driven by the less intense line absorption. The Eddington limit explains the observed luminosity of accreting black holes such as quasars.

paragraphs: Eddington limit explains the very high mass loss rates seen in the outbursts of η Carinae in 1840–1860. The regular stellar winds can only stand for a mass loss rate of about 10–10 solar masses per year. Mass loss rates of up to 0.5 solar masses per year are needed to understand the η Carinae outbursts. This can be done with the help of the super-Eddington broad spectrum radiation driven winds.

paragraphs: Gamma-ray bursts, novae and supernovae are examples of systems exceeding their Eddington luminosity by a large factor for very short times, resulting in short and highly intensive mass loss rates. Some X-ray binaries and active galaxies are able to maintain luminosities close to the Eddington limit for very long times. For accretion powered sources such as accreting neutron stars or cataclysmic variables (accreting white dwarfs), the limit may act to reduce or cut off the accretion flow. Super-Eddington accretion onto stellar-mass black holes is one possible model for ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs).

paragraphs: For accreting black holes, all the energy released by accretion does not have to appear as outgoing luminosity, since energy can be lost through the event horizon, down the hole. Effectively, such sources may not conserve energy.


title: Maria Schneider

paragraphs: Maria Schneider (born Marie Christine Gélin, Paris, 27 March 1952 - 3 February 2011) was a French actress. She was in many movies. She played Jeanne in the 1972 erotic movie "Last Tango in Paris" opposite Marlon Brando. Schneider died in Paris from cancer at age fifty-eight.


title: Oregon spotted frog

paragraphs: The Oregon spotted frog, "Rana pretiosa", which means "precious frog", is a medium-sized water frog. It comes from the Pacific Northwest area of North America. It can be found in the Puget Trough/Willamette Valley province and the Cascade Mountains of south-central Washington and Oregon. It is a rare frog and is listed by the IUCN as a vulnerable species.


title: Spiritualism

paragraphs: Spiritualism is a belief that humans can communicate with the spirits of the dead. It was popular in the nineteenth century up to the 1930s. The main centres were in America and Europe, with the Caribbean and South America, where it is usually called Spiritism.

paragraphs: Spiritualism did not have a book with authority, but it had pamphlets, meetings and mediums. A medium is a person, often female, who acts as a go-between between the living and the dead.

paragraphs: At its peak, spiritualism was very popular, and its followers formed Spiritualist churches.


title: Debra Jo Rupp

paragraphs: Debra Jo Rupp (born 24 February 1951) is an American actress. She appears in television and movies. She played Kitty Forman in "That '70s Show". She played Alice in "Friends". Debra was born in Glendale, California. She was raised in Massachusetts.


title: Rita Rudner

paragraphs: Rita Rudner (b. September 17, 1953) is an American actress who also performs comedy. She appeared in August 2012 as Melissa's Mom in "Melissa & Joey". Rita Rudner was born in Miami, Florida.


title: Wrestling Brewster

paragraphs: Wrestling Brewster (ca. 1614 - ?) was a passenger on the ship "Mayflower" in 1620 when it sailed from England to North America. He was born in Leiden, The Netherlands about 1614 to William and Mary Brewster. He was alive during the 1627 Division of Cattle at Plymouth, and was listed in his father's household at that time. He is not mentioned again in any record, or in his father's will of 1644, or in the inventory of his father's estate. He did not marry. It is probable that he died some time between 1627 and 1644.


title: Vasodilation

paragraphs: Vasodilation is where blood vessels widen. It results from relaxation of muscle cells within blood vessel walls. The process is essentially the opposite of vasoconstriction, which is the narrowing of blood vessels.

paragraphs: When vessels widen, blood flow is increased. This in turn decreases blood pressure. Drugs that cause vasodilation are called vasodilators.


title: Love Brewster

paragraphs: Love Brewster was a passenger on the "Mayflower" in 1620. He was born about 1611 in Holland to William and Mary Brewster.

paragraphs: He married Sarah Collier at Plymouth, Plymouth Colony in 1634, and sired four children upon her. He was active in the community, and died at Duxbury, north of Plymouth, about 1651.

paragraphs: Love was born in Leiden, The Netherlands about 1611 to Mary and William Brewster. On 15 May 1634, he married Sarah Collier at Plymouth. They had four children: Sarah, Nathaniel, William, and Wrestling.

paragraphs: Brewster became a freeman (able to vote and hold land) in Plymouth Colony on 2 March 1636. He volunteered to fight in the Pequot War (1634-1638), but saw no action because Plymouth's volunteers were not needed.

paragraphs: In 1642, Thomas Granger, Brewster's 16-year old servant, was caught committing bestiality upon Brewster's livestock. He admitted his transgression, and was executed with the animals, as the Bible commanded in Leviticus 20:15.

paragraphs: Brewster and his family moved to Duxbury, Plymouth Colony, north of the settlement at Plymouth. He served in the militia under Myles Standish. Brewster died at Duxbury between 6 October 1650 (when his will was written) and 31 January 1651 (when the will was probated).


title: Ocean County, New Jersey

paragraphs: Ocean County is a county in New Jersey that contains most of the Jersey Shore. The county seat is Toms River, and the population is 576,565.


title: Oliver Hill

paragraphs: Oliver White Hill, Sr. (May 1, 1907 – August 5, 2007) was an American civil rights supporter from Richmond, Virginia. His work against discrimination helped end the common saying of "separate but equal". He also helped win landmark legal decisions involving equality in pay for Black teachers, access to school buses, voting rights, jury selection, and employment protection. He retired in 1998 after practicing law for almost 60 years. Along with his other awards, he earned the Presidential Medal of Freedom, awarded by President Bill Clinton in 1999. During the 1940s and 1950s, the safety of Hill's life and family were threatened by his work. Due to telephoned threats, Hill's young son was not allowed to answer the telephone, and at one point a cross was burned on the Hills' lawn. However, Hill continued to wage legal battles. After Brown vs. the Board of Education decision, Virginia under the Byrd Organization followed a policy known as massive resistance to avoid desegregation, enacting a legislative package known as the Stanley plan which included tuition grant support of segregation academies set up to avoid the extant public schools. Hill died at the age of 100 in 2007 in Richmond, Virginia.


title: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

paragraphs: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (which is also known as "B-cell" and "T-cell lymphomas") is a cancer of the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system is a network of vessels and glands spread throughout the body. It is also part of the immune system. Clear fluid called "lymph" flows through the lymphatic vessels and contains infection-fighting white blood cells known as "lymphocytes".

paragraphs: In lymphoma, these lymphocytes start to multiply in an abnormal way. A lot of them appear in certain parts of the lymphatic system, such as the lymph nodes (glands). The affected lymphocytes lose their infection-fighting properties making you more vulnerable to infection.

paragraphs: The most common symptom of non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a painless swelling in a lymph node, usually in the neck, armpit or groin.

paragraphs: The usual way to know that a person has non-Hodgkin lymphoma is to do a biopsy (testing a sample of affected lymph node tissue).


title: Mary Brewster

paragraphs: Mary Brewster (ca. 1569 - 17 April 1627) was a passenger on the "Mayflower" in 1620 when the ship sailed from England to the New World. She was probably born in England, but her exact birthdate, birthplace, and birth surname are not known with certainty. She married William Brewster about 1592, and bore him six children.

paragraphs: She lived in The Netherlands several years before emigrating to North America with her family. She survived her first harsh winter of 1620 in the New World, and was one of the four women still alive in 1621 to observe the first Thanksgiving. She died in Plymouth Colony in 1627.

paragraphs: Mary was born in England about 1569, probably in Doncaster, Yorkshire or Scrooby, Nottinghamshire. Her maiden name is not known with certainty. Wentworth, Wyrall, Stubbe, Love and others have all been proposed, but none have been proven to be her surname.

paragraphs: She married William Brewster about 1592. It is not known if she was Brewster's first or second wife. She bore him six children: Jonathan, Patience, Fear, an unnamed child who died young, Love, and Wrestling.

paragraphs: Mary's husband was the leader of a Separatist congregation near Scrooby. The law required Englishmen to attend the Church of England, but these people secretly met in the Brewster home to worship in their own way.

paragraphs: The authorities persecuted them for their unconventional religious beliefs and for flouting the law. In 1608, Mary Brewster and her family went to Leiden, The Netherlands to escape the persecution and to practice their religion in peace.

paragraphs: Unhappy with life in Leiden, the Brewster family decided to emigrate to North America. Mary sailed on the "Mayflower" in 1620 with her husband and her two youngest children, Love and Wrestling. Son Jonathan arrived in Plymouth in November 1621, and daughters Patience and Fear in 1623.

paragraphs: Mary Brewster was one of only five women to survive the first winter in the New World, and one of only four women who were still alive for the first Thanksgiving in 1621. She died on 17 April 1627 at Plymouth. Her resting place has not been found.


title: Dorothy Eaton

paragraphs: Dorothy Eaton (? - probably no later than 1624) was a passenger on the "Mayflower" in 1620. She was John Carver's maidservant. Her maiden name is unknown. William Bradford wrote of Carver's maidservant, "[she] married, and died a year or two after here in this place." She may have been Francis Eaton's second wife. A 1626 apprenticeship record from Bristol, England, mentions Francis Eaton, carpenter in New England, and his wife Dorothy.


title: Dorothy

paragraphs: Dorothy is a female given name. It comes from the Greek Δωροθέα ("Dōrothéa") meaning "God's Gift", from δῶρον ("dōron"), "gift" + θεός ("theós"), "god". There are also male names in English such as "Dorie" from the Greek word "Δωρόθεος" ("Dōrótheos"). Also, the given names Theodore and Theodora come from the same two Greek words as Dorothy, but in the reverse order.

paragraphs: Dorothy became one of the most popular girl's names in the United States between 1904 and 1940. It was ranked among the top 10 most popular names given to American newborn girls. The name was in the top 100 most popular names for American girls until 1961. In 2006 it was ranked 986 in the top 1,000 most popular names for American newborn girls. There were 235 newborn American girls given the name in 2010.


title: Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden

paragraphs: Gustav II Adolf (9 December 1594 – 6 November 1632, O.S.) was the King of Sweden from 1611 to 1632. He is known in English as Gustavus Adolphus.

paragraphs: He is often said to have made Sweden a great power. (In Swedish: "Stormaktstiden)." He is also said to be one of the best military leaders of all time. Gustav led Sweden to be a military power during the Thirty Years' War and spent most of his reign fighting.

paragraphs: Gustavus Adolphus was born in Stockholm. His parents were Charles IX of Sweden and his second wife, Christina of Holstein-Gottorp. When his father died in October 1611, while Gustavus was only 16 years old, he became King of Sweden.

paragraphs: Gustavus married Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg, daughter of John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg. Their daughter Christina later became Queen of Sweden.

paragraphs: In June 1630 he landed in Germany, starting the Swedish fight in the Thirty Year's War on the Anti-Imperial Protestant side, which was losing at the time. With Sweden's help the situation flipped so that the Protestants were winning.

paragraphs: Gustavus died in the Battle of Lützen in 1632 while leading a cavalry attack.

paragraphs: Gustavus Adolphus Day is on 6 November. Every year it is celebrated in Sweden, Estonia and Finland. On this day only, a special pastry is sold that has a chocolate or marzipan medallion of the king.


title: Josh Klinghoffer

paragraphs: Josh Adam Klinghoffer (born October 3, 1979) is an American musician. He is best known as being the current guitarist of the Red Hot Chili Peppers. He joined the band in 2009.


title: Jeopardy! Tournament of Champions

paragraphs: The Jeopardy! Tournament of Champions is a yearly tournament on the American television game show "Jeopardy!". It features 15 players who have won the most games from the past season. It started in 1964 when Art Fleming was host of the show; it is also played on the show now with Alex Trebek as host. With Trebek as host, winners of the College Championship and the Teachers Tournament also play in the Tournament of Champions.

paragraphs: "Jeopardy!"'s Tournament of Champions takes two weeks. The first five games are the quarterfinals, with three new contestants each day. The winners of the five games move on to the semi-finals. The four players with the highest scores who did not win their quarterfinal game also move on as "wild card" players. If there is a tie at the end of a game, a Final Jeopardy!-type answer is given, and the first player to ring in with the correct response wins the game. If all three players have a score of zero, none of the players move on to the semi-finals, and another wild card spot is added. The next three games are the semi-final games. The three winners of the semi-finals move on to the finals, which happens over two games and two days. In each finals game, the players start with zero scores; after the second finals game, each player's score is added to their score from the first game, with the highest score being the winner, or "Grand Champion." The other two players win smaller cash prizes or their two-day total, whichever is higher.

paragraphs: From time to time, special Tournaments of Champions have been played. In 2002, the show held a Million Dollar Masters tournament. This was a two-week tournament where the winner won $1,000,000. It was taped at Radio City Music Hall in New York City. In 2005, the show held an Ultimate Tournament of Champions. It was a 15-week tournament with 145 players. The two players who made it to the finals would play against Ken Jennings for $2,000,000.

paragraphs: The following is a list of contestants and where they placed in the tournament. Prize amounts for the non-winning finalists who won more than the minimum guarantees are as indicated in parentheses.


title: Jeopardy! Teen Tournament

paragraphs: The Jeopardy! Teen Tournament is a yearly tournament on the American television game show "Jeopardy!" It features middle school and high school students between the ages of thirteen and eighteen.

paragraphs: The tournament plays like the Tournament of Champions. 15 contestants play in a two week tournament. The first five games are the quarterfinals, with three new contestants each day. The winners of the five games move on to the semi-finals. The four losing contestants with the highest scores also move on as "wild card" players. If there is a tie at the end of a game, a Final Jeopardy!-type answer is given, and the first player to ring in with the correct response wins the game. If all three players have a score of zero, none of the contestants move on to the semi-finals, and another wild card spot is added. The next three games are the semi-final games. The three winners of the semi-finals move on to the finals. The last two games are the two-day finals. In both games, the contestants start with zero scores, and the contestants' final scores from the two days are added together to see who is the winner. The contestant with the highest score from the two days wins. The other two contestants win smaller cash prizes.

paragraphs: Would-be contestants mailed postcards with their names and addresses to "Jeopardy!". 1,200 teens were selected at random from the postcard entries and were invited to come (at their own expense) to one of four regional test centers ("e.g." Houston, Minneapolis, Philadelphia, and Los Angeles) to take a timed written qualifying examination with the 50 clues read by Alex Trebek on a video monitor at the front of an exam room. Passing scorers were invited back for an interview and mock game using an electronic buzzer system. Their photographs are taken for their files, and they are asked to fill out a short information sheet with interesting facts about themselves that may be later used by Alex Trebek during the interview portion of the show. Selected contestants and alternates were notified that they had been chosen to appear on the show one to two months later. They are then flown to Los Angeles to tape the show. Taping occurs over a period of two days, with the five quarterfinals played on the first day and the three semifinals and two final games played on the second day. Accommodations were provided for the contestants at the Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills, with taping taking place at the Sony Pictures Studios in Culver City, California.

paragraphs: Contestants registered on the "Jeopardy!" web site rather than submitting postcards. As before, a select number of registrants were invited to audition and take a written test at a regional audition. Accommodations for contestants are provided at the Hilton in Universal City, California.

paragraphs: All web site registrants take a 50-question timed online test at one set test time, usually late February. The test is given using Adobe Flash and takers are given 15 seconds per clue to type in their answers. A random selection of those who pass the test are invited to attend regional auditions in November at 4 locations around the United States at which another 50-question written test is given, followed by interviews and mock games. The number of students selected for the regional auditions is usually around 300, from which 15 are selected for the show.

paragraphs: The following is a list of contestants and where they placed in the tournament. Winners and runners-up who earned more than the minimum guarantees are as indicated in parentheses.

paragraphs: A console game based upon the Teen Tournament was released in the mid 1990s for the Nintendo Game Boy.

paragraphs: The "Jeopardy!" Teen Reunion Tournament was a special one-week tournament held in November 1998 at the Boch Center in Boston, Massachusetts that invited back 12 former Teen Tournament contestants from the first three tournaments on "Jeopardy!"

paragraphs: Twelve former Teen Tournament contestants competed three at a time in four qualifying round matches. Winning contestants who were among the top three scorers would play in the final match for $50,000. Losing qualifiers took home $5,000, while the non-playing finalist took home $7,500. The third-place finisher took home a minimum guarantee of $10,000, while the second-place finisher was entitled to a minimum guarantee of $15,000. The highest scoring player in the finals took home $50,000.

paragraphs: The two nonwinning finalists also received the board game "Game of the Year" by University Games as well as a Tigris Pyramid and Movana.

paragraphs: Capozzola, Javerbaum, and Newhouse advanced to the finals.


title: Jeopardy! College Championship

paragraphs: The Jeopardy! College Championship is a yearly tournament on the American television game show "Jeopardy!" It features full-time undergraduate college students who have not yet gotten a degree.

paragraphs: The Jeopardy! College Championship is one of the traditional tournaments held each season on the TV quiz show Jeopardy! Contestants in this tournament are full-time undergraduate college students with no prior degrees and traditionally wear a sweater bearing the name of their college or university during their appearances. The existence of this tournament does not disqualify college students from auditioning for the regular shows, but tournament participants cannot later compete in regular play. The tournament began during the 1988-89 season (Season 5) and has been played every season (except for seasons 31 and 35), always during any one of the three traditional sweeps ratings periods (November, February, or May) with the exception of being held in April 2018 due to Alex Trebek's brain surgery and April 2020 due to The Greatest of All Time Tournament. Some contestants for the inaugural tournament were selected through contestant searches held in Daytona Beach, Florida, and Palm Springs, California, during the Spring break season in 1989.

paragraphs: The College Championship uses a ten-game format similar to that used for the Tournament of Champions and the Teen Tournament: 15 players, in groups of three, play in five quarterfinal games; the winners of those five games and the four highest-scoring nonwinners as wild cards become the nine semifinalists who compete in three games, with no two players rematching each other in the semifinal round. The three semifinal winners advance to the two-day final round, in which contestants play two separate matches, with the contestants' combined scores for both matches determining the champion (contestants start with $0 each day).

paragraphs: All College Championship contestants receive cash prizes, based on their progress through the tournament. Contestants eliminated prior to the finals receive fixed payouts, while contestants in the finals receive guaranteed minimums, but can earn more. Over time, the prizes have increased in value, as shown below:

paragraphs: Winners also receive a small replica trophy of the larger College Championship trophy, which is retained by "Jeopardy!" in Southern California. On the larger trophy are engraved the names of every year's winner.

paragraphs: From 1993–2004, the winner also won a new car (Dodge from 1993–1994, Volvo from 1995–2003, and Volkswagen in 2004), and the company who manufactured the car matched each finalists' totals and set up scholarships in those amounts earned for the finalists' schools.

paragraphs: In addition to the above-mentioned winnings, the winner earns an automatic position in the next Tournament of Champions, though two winners (Vinita Kailasanath in 2001 and Joey Beachum in 2008) deferred their berths in their intended tournament until the following installments due to scheduling conflicts. Three College Champions have made the Tournament of Champions finals (Tom Cubbage in 1989, Jeff Stewart in 1994, and Cliff Galiher in 2007), but only Cubbage won the event.

paragraphs: Many college champions have been invited to later Jeopardy! "all-time best" tournaments as well, with varying degrees of success:

paragraphs: The following is a list of contestants and where they placed in the tournament. Finalists who earned more than the minimum guarantee are as indicated.

paragraphs: Stanford University is the only college to have two winners.

paragraphs: The only College Champions from Ivy League schools are Terry O'Shea of Princeton University in 2014 and Dhruv Gaur of Brown University in 2018.


title: Julius and Ethel Rosenberg

paragraphs: Ethel Greenglass Rosenberg (September 25, 1915June 19, 1953) and Julius Rosenberg (May 12, 1918June 19, 1953) were Americans accused of being spies for the Soviet Union. They were convicted of conspiracy to commit espionage during a time of war. They were both executed. Their crime was related to giving information about the atomic bomb to the Soviet Union. At that time and even later, many people in many countries thought they were innocent and had tried to convince the U.S. authorities not to kill them. After the fall of the Soviet Union, evidence came out that showed that Julius Rosenberg had been a spy but that his wife had not.

paragraphs: Both Julius and Ethel were of Jewish descent.


title: Bernard Sahlins

paragraphs: Bernard "Bernie" Sahlins (1922 – June 16, 2013) was an American writer, television and theatre director, and comedian. He was best known as a founder of The Second City improvisational comedy troupe with Paul Sills and Howard Alk in 1959. Sahlins also opened the Second City Theatre in Toronto in 1973.

paragraphs: Sahlins was born in 1922 in Chicago, Illinois. He studied at the University of Chicago in 1943. On June 16, 2013, Sahlins died at his home from natural causes in Chicago, Illinois, aged 90. He was survived by his wife, Jane Nicholl Sahlins.


title: Stan Lopata

paragraphs: Stanley Edward Lopata (September 12, 1925 – June 15, 2013) was an American professional baseball player. Lopata played in Major League Baseball as a catcher for parts of 13 seasons with the Philadelphia Phillies and Milwaukee Braves. A two-time all-star, he was the first National League catcher to wear glasses.

paragraphs: Lopata was born on September 12, 1925 in Delray, Michigan. He studied at Southwestern High School. Lopata died on June 15, 2013 from heart failure in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, aged 87.


title: Michael Hastings (journalist)

paragraphs: Michael Mahon Hastings (January 28, 1980 – June 18, 2013) was an American journalist, writer and reporter for BuzzFeed. The son of doctors Molly and Brent Hastings, he graduated from Rice Memorial High School in South Burlington, Vermont in 1998, and New York University in 2002.

paragraphs: He was a regular writer for "Gentlemen's Quarterly" and a contributing editor at "Rolling Stone" magazine. From 2002 - 2008, he was a journalist for "Newsweek" magazine, famous for his Iraq War coverage and book about the death of his fiancée Andrea Parhamovich "I Lost My Love in Baghdad: A Modern War Story".

paragraphs: Hastings died in a 4:30am single-vehicle automobile crash in Los Angeles on June 18, 2013.


title: Carly Rose Sonenclar

paragraphs: Carly Rose Sonenclar (born April 20, 1999) is an American singer, songwriter and actress. In 2012, Sonenclar finished in second place in season 2 of "The X Factor USA".

paragraphs: She started her career as an actress on Broadway in 2006, and she also played Gilda in the television show "The Electric Company". She later became a singer, and sang the National Anthem at sporting events.

paragraphs: In 2012, Sonenclar auditioned for "The X Factor USA" season two, singing the song "Feeling Good", which gave her praise from the judges. During the season, Sonenclar was normally among the top two most voted contestants, along with Tate Stevens. In the finale, Sonenclar finished in second behind Stevens.

paragraphs: In 2013, Sonenclar signed with record label Syco Music.


title: Paul Simon (politician)

paragraphs: Paul Martin Simon (November 29, 1928 – December 9, 2003) was an American politician from Illinois. He served in the United States House of Representatives from 1975 to 1985, and in United States Senate from 1985 to 1997. A member of the Democratic Party, he unsuccessfully ran for the 1988 Democratic presidential nomination. Simon was famous for his distinctive appearance that included a bowtie and horn-rimmed glasses.

paragraphs: Simon was born on November 29, 1928 in Eugene, Oregon. He studied at the University of Oregon and attended Dana College.

paragraphs: Simon was married to Jeanne Hurley from 1960 until her death in 2000. Then he was married to Patricia Derge from 2001 until his death in 2003. He had two children with Jeanne. One of them was Lieutenant Governor of Illinois Sheila Simon.

paragraphs: Simon died on December 9, 2003 from surgical complications after undergoing heart surgery in Springfield, Illinois, aged 75.


title: Eternal Flame

paragraphs: "Eternal Flame" is a 1989 ballad by The Bangles. It is from their 1988 album "Everything". It became a hit when it was released in February 1989 in the United States. It hit #1 in other countries, including Australia. With this song, the Bangles became the third girl group to have many number one songs in the United States, after The Supremes (twelve) and The Shirelles (two).


title: Tet Offensive

paragraphs: The Tet Offensive was a military campaign during the Vietnam War. It was started on 30 January 1968 by communist forces of the Viet Cong and North Vietnam against South Vietnam, the United States and their allies.

paragraphs: The purpose of it was to surprise the enemy with attacks against military and civilian commands and control centers in South Vietnam.

paragraphs: Eventually, the US and South Vietnam fought off the communist forces and won a military victory. However, the Tet Offensive was when the majority of Americans went from supporting the US fighting in Vietnam to standing against it. This was because the US military and government told its own citizens that the US was close to winning, but the Tet Offensive disproved that. It was said that it was during the Tet Offensive where the US won the battle but lost the war.


title: Division of Darling Downs

paragraphs: The Division of Darling Downs was an Australian Electoral Division in Queensland. It was one of the original 75 divisions for the first Australian election in 1901. It was named for the Darling Downs region of Queensland. It included the city of Toowoomba and surrounding rural areas.

paragraphs: Its famous members included Sir Littleton Groom, Cabinet minister and Speaker, and Arthur Fadden, Prime Minister of Australia in 1941.

paragraphs: The electorate's first member, William Henry Groom, died at the first Commonwealth Parliament meeting in Melbourne in 1901. His death led to Australia's first by-election, which was won by his son Littleton. The seat was abolished in 1984, largely being replaced by the Division of Groom.


title: A Hazy Shade of Winter

paragraphs: "A Hazy Shade of Winter" is a hit song performed by Simon and Garfunkel in the 1960s. It was covered by The Bangles two decades later. The song was released by itself at first, but was later released as part of the album "Bookends", released in 1968. This single is about sadness during winter. The Bangles version was released in November 1987. Both versions became major hit singles. In the late 1980s, the Bangles' version became more popular than the first version.


title: Siddur

paragraphs: A siddur () is a Jewish prayer book. It has a set order of a list of Jewish prayers and blessings.

paragraphs: ""Siddurs"", which come from a Hebrew root meaning "order", have a very long history and so they can be found in a number of versions in different streams in Judaism.


title: Thomas Kuhn

paragraphs: Thomas Kuhn (1922-1996) was an American physicist, and philosopher of science. He introduced the idea of paradigm shift.


title: Grevenmacher (district)

paragraphs: The District of Grevenmacher () was one of three districts of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. Its capital was the city of Grevenmacher.

paragraphs: It was the easternmost of the districts and the smallest of the three districts, with an area of . It is the district with less people living in it with a population of 64,978 inhabitants and a population density of inhabitants/km².

paragraphs: When the districts were created on 24 February 1843, Grevenmacher was one of the three of the country.

paragraphs: On 2012, the communes of Burmerange and Wellenstein were made part of the commune of Schengen. So the number of communes changed from 26 to 24.

paragraphs: The district of Grevenmacher is bordered to the north by the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, to the east by the German states of Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland, to the south by France (the Moselle "département") and to the west by the Luxembourg district.

paragraphs: The Diekirch district has 3 cantons and 24 "communes".


title: Eva Cassidy

paragraphs: Eva Marie Cassidy (February 2, 1963 - November 2, 1996) was an American singer, vocalist and musician. She was born in Washington, D.C. to a German immigrant mother and father of Scottish-Irish ancestry. She performed pop, country and jazz music. In 1992, she released her first album, "The Other Side".

paragraphs: Cassidy died in Bowie, Maryland, of malignant melanoma, aged thirty-three.


title: Julia Ormond

paragraphs: Julia Karin Ormond (born January 4, 1965 in Surrey, England) is an English actress. She started in each movies, including "Nostradamus", "First Knight", "Legends of the Fall" and "Sabrina". She also starred on television shows, including "Nurse Jackie" and "Temple Grandin".


title: Digital Audio Tape

paragraphs: Digital Audio Tape is a magnetic tape that permits to record audio. The recording is digital, its quality is similar to that of a compact disc. It was developed in the 1980s to replace the compact casette. Like tapes used for recording video, the tape can only be played in one direction, the "cassette" only has one side. It competed with Digital Compact Cassette (DCC), and the Minidisc. Unlike these however, it allows for an exact digital copy of the source; DCC and Minidisc use lossy data compression.

paragraphs: DAT tapes were also used to back up computer data in the 1990s and early 2000s. Most computer DAT drives will not read audio DAT tapes.


title: Sex segregation

paragraphs: Sex segregation is a highly controversial culture-related definition for separation of people according to their actual sex. This can occur in both public and private areas. There are four levels for sex segregation: permissive, voluntary, administrative and mandatory. The practice is often, however, mandatory in relation to prison rules or employment, particularly medical care and military services.


title: Digital Compact Cassette

paragraphs: The Digital Compact Cassette (DCC) was a format of magnetic tape, developed to replace the compact cassette. It competed with the Minidisc and the Digital Audio Tape (DAT), but neither format could replace the compact cassette. It was marketed as a cheaper alternative to DAT.

paragraphs: Equipment for the digital compact cassette was able to playback analog compact cassettes as well; recording could only be done to DCC, though. A DCC tape is similar in appearance to a regular cassette, except that it has reel access holes on only one side, and has a shutter covering both the tape and reel access holes, similar to the shutter on a floppy disk.

paragraphs: Unlike DAT, DCC uses lossy data compression. This means that the copy of the data is not identical to the original. Audio data could be compressed to about 25 percent of its original size.

paragraphs: The main problem of the format was tied to handling: Finding a song in the middle of a 90 minute tape takes several minutes, with Minidisc it is instantaneous. Minidisc allows to delete or move tracks, features which the digital compact cassette cannot offer.

paragraphs: Even though some of the features were addressed (like rewinding a 90 minute tape in less than a minute), the format never gained much market share. The compression format used by DCC is based on MP1, which was a predecessor of MP3. The CD-R, which is compatible with standard CD players, eventually replaced both DCC and MiniDisc for home audio recording. The CD-R also replaced analog tape.


title: Fat acceptance movement

paragraphs: The term fat acceptance movement refers to social movements seeking to change social attitudes regarding being overweight. The movement has a political and culture related background, and its activities include although are not limited to sports, shopping and fashion matters.

paragraphs: This movement argues that those who are overweight are targets of being discriminated against, threatened by hatred and subjected to major prejudice. There have been many debates within this movement.


title: Forty-seven Ronin

paragraphs: The revenge of the Forty-seven Ronin took place in Japan at the start of the 18th century. It describes a historical event, but there is a lot of fiction added to the story too.

paragraphs: The story tells of a group of samurai who were left leaderless (becoming "ronin") after their daimyo (lord) Asano Naganori had to kill himself by committing "seppuku" (ritual suicide). He had to do this because he assaulted a court official named Kira Yoshinaka. The "ronin" waited and planned almost two years, and then killed Kira to avenge their master's honour. They delivered Kira's head to Asano's grave. After that, the "ronin" had to kill themselves by committing "seppuku" as they had committed the crime of murder.

paragraphs: One noted Japanese scholar described the tale, the most famous example of the samurai code of honor, "bushidō," as the country's "national legend."


title: Femicide

paragraphs: The term femicide refers to killing women. Feminist Diana Russell is one of the many early pioneers of the term; she defines the word as referring to killing women because of their gender. The term was first used around 1801 in England to represent the killing of women. The term has created controversy, and other feminists differ on what the word "femicide" really means.

paragraphs: In Brazil, crime is in the Brazilian Criminal Code since 2012. The penalty for this crime is 12 to 30 years in prison.


title: Cinephilia

paragraphs: The term Cinephilia refers to when someone has a strong interest in cinema, movie theories and movie criticism. Since the silent era, there have been various waves of cinephiles, people with strong interest for cinema and movies. The movie community which may have been best noted in relations to cinephilia, however, are one that was developed during World War II around Paris, France. A major influx of foreign movies, alongside a screening program used with certain local movie clubs, generated interest for world cinema among the intellectual youth culture of the city. This community fostered a strong interest in directors and movies which may have been neglected, forgotten or simply not known in the West. Notable directors of French cinephiles in this period include although are not limited to Alfred Hitchcock and Orson Welles. This profession has become less connected with movie going due to presence of DVDs and VHS cassettes.


title: Avenue Franklin Roosevelt

paragraphs: Avenue Franklin Roosevelt is a street in Brussels, Ixelles. It is next parallel to Bois de la Cambre, a forest in Brussels. Many houses there were built in the Second World War. It is known as one of the most beautiful boulevards in Brussels. The Ixelles community opposes that people build shops or hotels and apartment buildings have to be no bigger than 16 meters high. There are many embassies and residences of ambasadors located on Avenue Franklin Roosevelt.

paragraphs: The avenue was named "Avenue des Nations" in 1922, after Leopold II came the visit de Universal Exposition from 1910. He said it should be a residential area.

paragraphs: In 1945, de "Avenue des Nations" becomes Avenue Franklin Roosevelt, in honor of the president of America.


title: Bois de la Cambre

paragraphs: Bois de la Cambre () is a forest in Brussels. It used to be part of the Sonian Forest but now it is separate.

paragraphs: The main road around the lake has been closed to traffic on Saturdays and Sundays since the 1990s.

paragraphs: In 1815, on the eve of the Battle of Waterloo, the British soldiers played cricket on land that is now part of the Bois de la Cambre.

paragraphs: There is a park that includes horse rides, an ice rink, boating activities and fishing are organized. Bois de la Cambre is connected to the Sonian Forest as in the past it used to be part of it. Three entries are from the Avenue Franklin Roosevelt.

paragraphs: In the 1990s the Chalet Robinson was built on the an island on the lake. The restaurant was destroyed by a fire in 1991. The decision was made in 2006 to rebuild it and it reopened to the public in September 2009. An electrical boat has been made so you can pass from the shore to the island.

paragraphs: Two days per year there is a race, "24 hours race Bois de la Cambre" that is played by the young scouts other activities are also organized for the young scouts. In 2013 the 24 hours race was canceled because of the cold, wind and rain. Other smaller events are also organized in the park.

paragraphs: Sometimes, sports demonstrations, outdoor concerts, processions coupling, theaters animation or games for children are held during the summer. In the last week-end of August the Fiesta Latina is organized witch includes Latin food and concerts. In September an Eat festival was organized but the first two days were ruined because of the rain.


title: The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas

paragraphs: The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas is a novel written by John Boyne. Bruno's father is a commandant in World War II and the family moves house to Out-With so that he can work closer to concentration camps under the Fury's orders. After staying there for some time, Bruno makes friends with a Jewish boy named Shmuel on the other side of the fence. They meet up on their side of the fence whenever they can. On the day where Bruno is meant to move back to Berlin, he accidentally enters a gas chamber while attempting to look for Shmuel's father and dies while holding hands with the Jewish boy.

paragraphs: There is a movie of the same name based on it.


title: Prader–Willi syndrome

paragraphs: Prader–Willi syndrome is a rare but major genetic condition that involves being overweight, substandard sexual development and low intelligence. This problem also puts those affected under risk for diabetes mellitus. People with Prader-Willi syndrome experience constant hunger, despite eating much more than average, which can cause life-threatening obesity. It was first observed in 1956. Prader-Willi syndrome is usually diagnosed with a genetic test. There is no cure for Prader-Willi syndrome. It can be treated with behavioural therapy.


title: Luxor

paragraphs: Luxor () is a city in Upper Egypt. In 2012, about 506,588 people lived there. To tourists, it is mostly known because of Karnak, as well as other tourist sites nearby.

paragraphs: Because the Ancient Egyptian city of Thebes is located in Luxor, the city has been called the "world's greatest open-air museum." On the other side of the Nile lies the Valley of the Kings and Valley of the Queens.ZZ


title: California City, California

paragraphs: California City is a city in southern California that was incorporated in 1965. Over 14,000 people live in the city. The area has its own police and post office.


title: Fokker F27 Friendship

paragraphs: Fokker F27 Friendship is a twin-turboprop airliner built in Netherlands. It was designed to replace Douglas DC-3's airliners. It can carry between 48 and 56 passengers. Fairchild FH-227 is an American licence-built variant, and Fokker 50 is a modernized variant. Some of them were acquired by militaries as cargo aircraft.


title: Fokker 50

paragraphs: The Fokker 50 is a twin-turboprop airliner built in the Netherlands. A improved version of Fokker F.27. It can carry about 50 passengers. It is also a military cargo aircraft and a reconnaissance aircraft.


title: Francis Eaton

paragraphs: Francis Eaton (11 September 1596 - autumn, 1633) was a passenger on the "Mayflower" in 1620. He signed the Mayflower Compact.

paragraphs: Eaton was the son of John Eaton and his wife Dorothy (Smith) Eaton. He was baptized on 11 September 1596 at St. Thomas church in Bristol, England. Eaton was a house carpenter. He married Sarah about 1618 and had a son named Samuel. The family left for North America in 1620 on the "Mayflower".

paragraphs: Sarah died in the New World during the winter of 1620-1621. Eaton married John Carver's servant Dorothy _____ before 1623. She died shortly after the marriage, leaving no children.

paragraphs: In the 1623 Division of Land at Plymouth, Eaton received four shares: one for himself, one for his deceased first wife Sarah, one for his son, and one for his current wife Dorothy. They were all "Mayflower" passengers.

paragraphs: About 1626, Eaton married Christiana Penn. They had three children: Rachel, Benjamin, and a child whose name is unknown but was called "an ideote" (mentally disabled).

paragraphs: In 1631, Eaton began having money troubles. He sold some of his land, some livestock, and his house. He died some time between 25 October and 8 November 1633 at Plymouth. He died in debt. His estate included some livestock, fifty bushels of corn, some clothing, some carpenter's tools, some boards, fishing lead, and some kitchen items. He was buried in Burial Hill in Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay Colony.


title: Hobomok: A Tale of Early Times

paragraphs: Hobomok: A Tale of Early Times is a book by Lydia Maria Child. It was published anonymously in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1824 by Cummings, Hilliard & Co. The story is about the marriage between a white woman and a Native American man. They have a son. The heroine later remarries, and rejoins Puritan society with her child. The theme of miscegenation crearted a scandal. The book was not a critical success.


title: MBB/Kawasaki BK117

paragraphs: The MBB/Kawasaki BK117 is a twin-engine, lightweight helicopter designed and built in Germany and Japan. It has both civilian and military uses. To 1992 it was built by Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm and Kawasaki Heavy Industries. Later, it was built by Eurocopter and Kawasaki Heavy Industries. Some were built under licence in Indonesia as NBK117. Eurocopter EC145 is a newer type of BK117, but without a Japanese partner.


title: Lydia Maria Child

paragraphs: Lydia Maria Francis Child (February 11, 1802October 20, 1880) was an American writer. She wrote the Thanksgiving Day poem, "Over the River and Through the Wood". She founded and published "Juvenile Miscellany", the first children's magazine in the United States. Child also wrote on housekeeping and child rearing, slavery, abolitionism, religion, women's issues, and Native American rights.

paragraphs: Child was born in Medford, Massachusetts to David Convers Francis, a baker, and Susannah (Rand) Francis. She attended a local dame school, a seminary, and a Congregational church. She lived for a time with her married sister in Maine, and then with her brother, a Unitarian minister, in Watertown, Massachusetts.

paragraphs: In 1828, she married Harvard graduate, David Lee Child. He was a lawyer and abolitionist. His idealism prevented him from providing his wife with a comfortable home. The childless couple lived in near poverty. In the last years of her life, Child became a recluse. She kept company only with her husband. He died in 1874. Lydia Child died in 1878.

paragraphs: Her first novel, "", was published anonymously in 1824. It sold well. Another novel followed in 1825. In 1826, she founded and published "Juvenile Miscellany", the first magazine for children in the United States. She wrote a book about housekeeping in 1829,"The Frugal Housewife", a book about child-rearing in 1831, "The Mother's Book", and a book for children, "The Little Girl's Own Book", also in 1831.

paragraphs: She turned her social concerns to Native Americans in "The First Settlers of New England" in 1829, and then to African Americans in 1833 with "An Appeal in Favor of That Class of Americans Called Africans". This book prompted many Americans to join the abolition movement, but it also caused Child to be shunned socially. Family friends withdrew their support for her children's magazine, forcing it into bankruptcy. Her nonfiction books about women's concerns and rights in the 1830s sold poorly.

paragraphs: In 1841, she moved to New York City. She edited an anti-slavery weekly for two years, then collected and published her columns written for a Boston newspaper. Her husband was working as a journalist in Washington, D.C. during these years, but the couple reunited and moved to Wayland, Massachusetts in 1850. In the following years, she wrote books about female sex workers, the evolution of religion, African Americans, and Native Americans. Her last book, "Aspirations of the World" appeared in 1878.


title: Sheree J. Wilson

paragraphs: Sheree Julienne Wilson (born December 12, 1958) is an American actress and producer.

paragraphs: She was born in Rochester, Minnesota. She was married (now divorced) to Paul DeRobbio, and has two sons: Luke (b. 1990) and Nicolas (b. 1997). She is best known for two television roles: April Stevens on "Dallas" (1986 to 1991), and Alexandra "Alex" Cahill-Walker, on "Walker, Texas Ranger" (1993-2001).


title: Slim Whitman

paragraphs: Ottis Dewey Whitman, Jr. (January 20, 1923 – June 19, 2013), known professionally as Slim Whitman, was an American country music and western music singer/songwriter and instrumentalist known for his yodeling abilities and his smooth high octave falsetto. He sold in excess of 120 million records.

paragraphs: Whitman was born on January 20, 1923 in Tampa, Florida. He was married to Alma Christ from 1942 until her death in 2009. They had two children. Whitman died on June 19, 2013 in Orange Park, Florida from heart failure, aged 90.


title: Robert Fogel

paragraphs: Robert William Fogel (July 1, 1926 – June 11, 2013) was an American economic historian and scientist, and winner (with Douglass North) of the 1993 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.

paragraphs: Fogel was born on July 1, 1926 in New York City, New York to Russian-Jewish parents. He was raised in Chicago, Illinois. Fogel graduated from Stuyvesant High School in 1944. He studied at Cornell University, at Columbia University, and at Johns Hopkins University. Fogel died on June 11, 2013, at a health services center in Oak Park, Illinois of a short illness, aged 86.


title: Wilbert Awdry

paragraphs: The Reverend Wilbert Vere Awdry, OBE (15 June 1911 – 21 March 1997), was an English Anglican cleric, railway enthusiast, and children's author. Simply known as the Reverend W. Awdry, he was the creator of Thomas the Tank Engine, the central figure in his acclaimed "Railway Series".

paragraphs: Awdry was born on 15 June 1911 in Ampfield, Hampshire, England. He was raised in Box, Wiltshire, England. Awdry was educated at Marlborough House School, Sussex (1919–24), Dauntseys School, West Lavington, Wiltshire (1924–9); St Peter's Hall, Oxford (BA, 1932), and Wycliffe Hall, Oxford.

paragraphs: He was married to Margaret Awdry from 1938 until her death in 1989. They had three children, Christopher Awdry, Hilary Fortnum and Veronica Chambers. Awdry died on 21 March 1997 in Rodborough, Stroud, Gloucestershire, England from natural causes, aged 85.


title: Eleanor Mondale

paragraphs: Eleanor Jane Mondale Poling (January 19, 1960 – September 17, 2011) was an American radio personality, television host, and actress.

paragraphs: Mondale was born on January 19, 1960 in Minneapolis, Minnesota to Walter Mondale and to Joan Mondale. She studied at St. Lawrence University.

paragraphs: Mondale was married to Keith Van Horne from 1988 until they divorced in 1989. Then she was married to Greg Malban from 1991 until they divorced a few months later in 1991. Then she was married to Chan Poling from 2005 until her death in 2011. Mondale died on September 17, 2011 in Minnesota from brain cancer, aged 51.


title: Declaration of Arbroath

paragraphs: The Declaration of Arbroath is a declaration of Scottish independence, made in 1320. It was a letter sent to Pope John XXII, dated 6 April 1320. The declaration confirmed Scotland's status as a independent, sovereign state and defended Scotland's right to use military action when unjustly attacked. The letter was signed at Arbroath by eight earls and thirty-one barons.

paragraphs: When King Alexander III of Scotland died in 1086, his heir was his granddaughter Margaret, Maid of Norway. King Edward I of England negotiated to have his son, Edward II of England become her husband and share the crown of Scotland in 1289. But Margaret died on her way from Norway to Scotland in 1290. This began a period in Scotland called the First Interregnum (1290–1292). Scotland was without a monarch. Edward I stepped in to choose who would be king from among the candidates who had any claim to be king. He chose John of Scotland. But Edward treated the Scottish king badly. When King John tried to break free, Edward put him in prison, then allowed him to live in France. In 1296 Edward invaded Scotland with his army to take everything for himself. Scotland remained without a king until 1306 when Robert the Bruce declared himself king of Scotland defying Edward I. Just before doing this Robert the Bruce had been involved in a dispute with John Comyn. The two met before the altar in Greyfriars Church in Dumfries in 1306 and a fight broke out. John Comyn was killed and Robert the Bruce was crowned king three weeks later at Scone. Accused of murdering Comyn Bruce was excommunicated by the Pope. During the wars that followed the Scots won a major battle at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314. In 1317 the pope called for a two year truce which Scotland ignored. For failing to listen to him he excommunicated all of Scotland.

paragraphs: The Declaration was part of a larger plan to show the Pope and others that Scotland was an independent kingdom and had a right to rule itself. The English king Edward I had written to the pope before confirming his right to rule Scotland. For his part the pope refused to accept Robert the Bruce as the king of Scotland.

paragraphs: Dated April 1320 the Declaration of Arbroath was a letter to Pope John XXII at Avignon from fifty leading men of Scotland. There were 39 names, (eight Scottish earls and thirty one barons), who signed the document with their seals. On strips on the bottom of the letter are seals and names of eleven more who signed. Bernard Linton, Chancellor of Scotland and Abbot of Arbroath is believed to be the author. It was written at the monastery of Arbroath in Scotland.

paragraphs: The letter began by reminding the pope of Scotland's conversion to Christianity by Saint Andrew. That under the protection of the church Scotland had lived in peace until King Edward I of England pretended to be their friend. He then invaded their country while it was without a king. The letter then told of the hardships they faced under English rule. Showing their resolution the letter stated:

paragraphs: The pope was impressed by the declaration and with the promise by the Scottish barons to support the pope's crusade. He encouraged Edward II to make peace with the Scots. The pope sent two delegates. The French king also wanted to see peace between England and Scotland and he sent two delegates. Peace talks went on until 1321 without the English recognizing Scottish independence.

paragraphs: The English convinced the pope it was the fault of the Scottish that there was no progress. The pope issued six rulings against the Scots stating all invaders of England would be excommunicated and re-issued the excommunication against Robert the Bruce.

paragraphs: Finally in October 1328 a peace treaty was agreed to between Scotland and England. Edward III gave up all claims on Scotland. The interdict on Scotland and the excommunication of its king were finally removed. The second part of the treaty agreed that the son of Robert the Bruce, David II of Scotland and the sister of Edward III of England would marry. The wedding took place on 12 July of 1338 when David II, then four years old married Joan of the Tower, aged six, at the church at Berwick, Scotland.

paragraphs: In 1998 The United States Congress resolved that the US Declaration of Independence has been modeled on the Declaration of Arbroath. It was further resolved that April 6th was from that day on officially National Tartan Day in commemoration of that famous document.


title: Dansband

paragraphs: Dansband (dance band) is a term in Swedish that describes a band that plays dansbandsmusik ("dance band music"). It is used for bands in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden that perform live music from stage, allowing the audience to dance partner dance. Famous Swedish bands have been Curt Haagers, Ingmar Nordströms, Matz Bladhs, Sten & Stanley, Sven-Ingvars, Thorleifs, Vikingarna and Wizex.

paragraphs: Such bands were very popular in Sweden by the mid 1970s. By the end of the same decade, the genre began to go through hard times, due to the arrival of disco music.


title: Division of Griffith

paragraphs: The Division of Griffith is an Australian Electoral Division in Queensland. It was created in 1934. It is named for Sir Samuel Griffith, 9th Premier of Queensland, Chief Justice of the High Court of Australia, and principal author of the Constitution of Australia. It was represented from 1998 to 2013 by Kevin Rudd, who was Prime Minister of Australia from 2007 to 2010 and from June to September 2013. On 13 November 2013, Rudd announced that he would resign from parliament at the end of week and retire from politics.

paragraphs: Griffith is in the inner southern suburbs of Brisbane, including Balmoral, Bulimba, Camp Hill, Carina Heights, Coorparoo, Dutton Park, East Brisbane, Greenslopes, Highgate Hill, Hawthorne, Kangaroo Point, Morningside, Norman Park, Seven Hills, South Brisbane, and Woolloongabba, and parts of Annerley, Cannon Hill, Carina, Holland Park, Holland Park West, Mount Gravatt East, Murarrie, Tarragindi, and West End.


title: Siw Malmkvist

paragraphs: Siw Malmkvist (born 31 December 1936) is a Swedish singer. She was popular in West Germany in the 1960s and 1970s.


title: Over the River and Through the Wood

paragraphs: "Over the River and Through the Wood" is a Thanksgiving poem by Lydia Maria Child. It appeared in the second volume of her "Flowers for Children" in 1844. The original title of the poem is, "The New-England Boy's Song About Thanksgiving Day".

paragraphs: Boston College writes: "Starting with the familiar line, "Over the river and through the wood", this poem is easily Child’s most famous work. Child never revised the poem herself, but the verses changed over time, especially when they were set to music.

paragraphs: With its bouncing rhythms and high spirits, the poem draws on the writer’s childhood memories of visiting her grandfather’s house on Thanksgiving. Having gained notoriety for her ideas about race, Child kept her antislavery ideals out of this volume in an effort to avoid controversy and boost sales. "Flowers for Children" contains only two stories involving race, and they both avoid addressing racial prejudice head on. In this nostalgic poem, Child takes us back to the simple pleasures of a family holiday."


title: English Defence League

paragraphs: The English Defence League, or in short EDL, is a street protest group in the United Kingdom which is against Sharia law and Islamism. The group was founded in 2009 in Luton by Tommy Robinson. Groups including Unite Against Fascism (UAF) and Anonymous are against the EDL. EDL can also stand for the "European Defence League", also founded by Tommy Robinson. Tommy Robinson left the EDL in October 2013. Tim Ablitt became the new leader. A report found that 81% of EDL supporters are male.


title: Koko Taylor

paragraphs: Koko Taylor sometimes spelled KoKo Taylor (September 28, 1928 – June 3, 2009) was an American Chicago blues singer, popularly known as the "Queen of the Blues." She was known primarily for her rough, powerful vocals and traditional blues stylings.

paragraphs: Taylor was born on September 28, 1928 in Shelby County, Tennessee. She was raised in Chicago, Illinois. Taylor was married to Robert Taylor until they divorced in 1989. Then she was married to Hays Harris until her death in 2009. She had one daughter. Taylor died on June 3, 2009 in Chicago, Illinois from surgical complications, aged 80.


paragraphs: The Jeopardy! Ultimate Tournament of Champions was a special tournament done during the 21st season of the American television game show "Jeopardy!". 145 contestants who won past "Jeopardy!" tournaments or won five games played in a 15 week tournament. It lasted from February 9 to May 25, 2005.

paragraphs: In this tournament, the two finalists from four rounds of play went against Ken Jennings, who was, at the time, the highest winner on a game show with $2,522,700. Those contestants played for a prize of $2,000,000. The two finalists were Brad Rutter and Jerome Vered. Rutter was the show's second-highest winner, while Vered had set a one-day winnings record of $34,000 in 1992. Rutter won the three-day final and the $2,000,000 prize, claiming the record from Jennings.


title: Cyrus McCormick

paragraphs: Cyrus Hall McCormick, Sr. (February 15, 1809 – May 13, 1884) was an American inventor and founder of the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company, which became part of International Harvester Company in 1902. He invented the crop machine the Reaper. From the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia, he and many members of his family became well known residents of Chicago. The McCormick Place is named after him.

paragraphs: McCormick was born on February 15, 1809 in Rockbridge County, Virginia. He lived in Raphine, Virginia. He was married to Nancy Fowler from 1835 until his death in 1884. They had four children. McCormick died from a stroke on May 13, 1884 in Chicago, Illinois, aged 75. He is buried in Graceland Cemetery in Uptown, Chicago.


title: Frank Zamboni

paragraphs: Frank Joseph Zamboni, Jr. (January 16, 1901 – July 27, 1988) was an American inventor, whose most famous invention is the modern Zamboni, a machine that smooths the ice in ice rinks. The name "Zamboni" is a registered trademark for these machines.

paragraphs: Zamboni was born on January 16, 1901 in Eureka, Utah. He was raised in Pocatello, Idaho and in Chicago, Illinois. Zamboni died on July 27, 1988 from cardiac arrest in Paramount, California, aged 87.


title: Sam Houston

paragraphs: Samuel "Sam" Houston (March 2, 1793 – July 26, 1863) was an American statesman, politician, and soldier. He is best known for his leading role in bringing Texas into the United States. Houston, Texas and Sam Houston State University was named after him.

paragraphs: Shortly afterwards, he relocated to Coahuila y Tejas, then a Mexican state, and became a leader of the Texas Revolution. Sam Houston supported annexation by the United States. When he assumed the governorship of Texas in 1859, Houston became the only person to have become the governor of two different U.S. states through direct, popular election, as well as the only state governor to have been a foreign head of state.

paragraphs: Houston was born on March 2, 1793 in Rockbridge County, Virginia. He was of an Irish-Scottish descent. Houston was married to Eliza Allen from 1829 until they divorced in 1837. Then he was married to Diana Rogers Gentry until they divorced. Then he was married to Margaret Moffette Lee from 1840 until his death in 1863. Houston had seven children. Houston died on July 26, 1863 in Huntsville, Texas from pneumonia, aged 70.


title: Leo Carbol

paragraphs: Leo Carbol (June 5, 1910 – November 13, 1991) was a Canadian ice hockey defenceman that played a total of 6 games in the NHL for the Chicago Black Hawks.

paragraphs: Carbol played most his ice hockey career with the St. Louis Flyers of the American Hockey Association and the American Hockey League with a combined 12 seasons. He also played 1 season for the Minneapolis Millers and 20 games for the Buffalo Majors of the AHA. He also played for the Detroit Olympics of the IHL.


title: Cheer pheasant

paragraphs: The Cheer Pheasant, (Catreus wallichii), also known as Wallich's Pheasant (in Nepal: "Kahir", "Chihir") is a vulnerable species of the pheasant family, Phasianidae. It is the only member of the genus "Catreus".

paragraphs: The species was named as "Phasianus wallichi" by the English zoologist Thomas Hardwicke in 1827; he named it after the Danish botanist Nathaniel Wallich. Later the name was changed to the present name by the English ornithologist John Gould.

paragraphs: The Cheer pheasant lacks the color and brilliance of most pheasants. The male has a brownish yellow plumage with black markings and a long gray crest; the skin of the face is red. Its long tail is mainly gray and brown, and has 18 feathers, something that puts this pheasant apart from similar species.

paragraphs: The female is smaller than the male, somewhat duller in plumage and more heavily marked, with reduced red facial skin, a shorter crest and lacking the male’s .

paragraphs: The Cheer pheasant is endemic to the western Himalayas; it is distributed in the highlands and scrublands (a place where small shrubs are abundant as well as small herbaceous plants, without trees) of the southern foothills, most frequently from of the western Himalayas, from north Pakistan, through Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttaranchal, India, to east to central Nepal.

paragraphs: Surveys in 1981 and 2003 in the Dhorpatan area of western Nepal found that there were 70 places where the birds were heard, suggesting that many birds exist in this area (approximately 200 birds). In another survey in 2010, Cheer pheasant was detected in 21 calling sites in Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh.

paragraphs: These pheasants tend to be fairly (traveling in groups) for much of the year, with groups of five to fifteen birds, but form monogamous pairs during the breeding season from late April to June. They breed on steep cliffs during summer and the number of eggs in a nest is relatively large; there are usually ten to eleven eggs in each nest, though in some cases there as many as 14.

paragraphs: The Cheer pheasants get most of their food from the ground, digging with is powerful beaks; they eat roots, tubers, bulbs, seeds, insects and other small animals. They look for food mainly during the morning and evening, walking in pairs or, sometimes, in family groups.

paragraphs: In studies made in upper Beas Valley, it was found that the Cheer pheasants were sensitive to the presence of humans.

paragraphs: Due to ongoing habitat loss, small population size and hunting in some areas, the Cheer pheasant is evaluated as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. It is listed on Appendix I of CITES. The Cheer pheasant is legally protected in Nepal and India, and occurs in at least 12 protected areas in Himachal Pradesh, three in Uttar Pradesh and three in Nepal.

paragraphs: Attempts to reintroduce captive bred Cheer pheasants in Pakistan have been unsuccessful.


title: Brad Rutter

paragraphs: Bradford Gates "Brad" Rutter (born January 31, 1978) is the highest winner on the American television game show "Jeopardy!", and the highest winner on a game show.

paragraphs: Rutter became a five-time champion on "Jeopardy!" in 2000. He later won four tournaments: the Tournament of Champions in 2001, the Million Dollar Masters tournament in 2002, the Jeopardy! Ultimate Tournament of Champions in 2005, and the Jeopardy! Battle of the Decades in 2014 His win in the Ultimate Tournament of Champions made him the highest winner on a game show. This was later beaten by Ken Jennings in 2007 when Jennings won $500,000 on "Are You Smarter Than a 5th Grader?". However, Rutter reclaimed the record after he won the Battle of the Decades tournament.

paragraphs: In February 2011, Rutter played against Jennings and an artificial intelligence computer called Watson. Rutter came in third place, losing to Watson. He won $200,000 for placing in third place.

paragraphs: In January 2020, Rutter played against Jennings and James Holzhauer in Jeopardy! Greatest of All Time. The event was won by Jennings and Rutter finished in third place.

paragraphs: In addition to "Jeopardy!", Rutter also appeared on the game show "1 vs. 100" as part of the show's "mob." He played four times: on December 1, 2006, December 8, 2006, December 15, 2006, and February 9, 2007. In 2007, he appeared on the game show "Grand Slam". He lost to "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire" contestant Ogi Ogas in the second round. In 2011, he appeared as part of a six-person team on the game show "Million Dollar Mind Game". His team won $600,000.


title: Alberto Zaccheroni

paragraphs: Alberto Zaccheroni (born 1 April 1953) is an Italian football manager. He led A.C. Milan to win the Serie A in 98/99. He currently manages the Japan national football team.