title: Nikolai Yezhov

paragraphs: Nikolai Ivanovich Yezhov (May 1, 1895 – February 4, 1940) was the leader of the Soviet secret police called NKVD. He worked for Joseph Stalin from 1936 to 1938, during the Great Purge.

paragraphs: He joined the Bolsheviks in April 1917, a few months before the October Revolution. He was known as a determined loyalist of Joseph Stalin, and in 1935 he wrote a paper in which he argued that political opposition must eventually lead to violence and terrorism; this became in part the ideological basis of the Purges. He became head of the NKVD in early 1937, after the dismissal of Genrikh Yagoda. Under Yezhov, the purges reached their height, with roughly half of the Soviet political and military establishment being exiled or shot, along with hundreds of thousands of others, suspected of disloyalty or wrecking.

paragraphs: Eventually, Stalin dismissed Yezhov from his post in November 1938, demoting him to the post of Commissar of Water Transport; less than a year later, Yezhov was arrested and put on trial for excesses committed during the Purges. In his defense, Yezhov said that he regretted only that he had not punished enough counter-revolutionaries. He was found guilty, and probably executed in secret in 1940.


title: Permeance

paragraphs: Permeance is how well matter or energy flows through something. In science, permeance is usually shown as: formula_1.


title: Hancock (movie)

paragraphs: Hancock is a 2008 American superhero comedy movie directed by Peter Berg and starring Will Smith, Charlize Theron, and Jason Bateman. It tells the story of a vigilante superhero, John Hancock (Smith) from Los Angeles whose reckless actions routinely cost the city millions of dollars. Eventually one person he saves, Ray Embrey (Bateman), makes it his mission to change Hancock's public image for the better.


title: Tom C. Clark

paragraphs: Thomas Campbell Clark (September 23, 1899 – June 13, 1977) was an American lawyer. He was the 59th United States Attorney General from 1945 to 1949. He was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1949 to 1967.


title: Anoka County, Minnesota

paragraphs: Anoka County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2010, 339,534 people lived there. The county seat is Anoka.


title: Becker County, Minnesota

paragraphs: Becker County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2010, 32,504 people lived there. The county seat is Detroit Lakes.


title: Beltrami County, Minnesota

paragraphs: Beltrami County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2010, 44,442 people lived there. The county seat is Bemidji.


title: Benton County, Minnesota

paragraphs: Benton County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2010, 38,451 people lived there. The county seat is Foley.


title: Big Stone County, Minnesota

paragraphs: Big Stone County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2010 census, 5,269 people lived there. The county seat is Ortonville.


title: Ortonville, Minnesota

paragraphs: Ortonville is a city in Big Stone County in the U.S. state of Minnesota at the southern tip of Big Stone Lake, along the border with South Dakota. The population was 1,916 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Big Stone County. Big Stone Lake State Park is nearby.


title: Blue Earth County, Minnesota

paragraphs: Blue Earth County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2010, 64,013 people lived there. The county seat is Mankato.


title: Brown County, Minnesota

paragraphs: Brown County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2010, 25,893 people lived there. The county seat is New Ulm.


title: New Ulm, Minnesota

paragraphs: New Ulm is a city in the state of Minnesota in the United States. It is the county seat of Brown County.


title: Carlton County, Minnesota

paragraphs: Carlton County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2010, 35,386 people lived there. The county seat is Carlton.


title: Läufelfingen

paragraphs: Läufelfingen is a municipality of the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.


title: Coat of Arms of Ireland

paragraphs: The coat of arms of Ireland is a gold harp with silver strings on a blue background.


title: Carver County, Minnesota

paragraphs: Carver County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2010, 91,042 people lived there. The county seat is Chaska.


title: Mowgli: Legend of the Jungle

paragraphs: Mowgli: Legend of the Jungle is a 2018 fantasy adventure movie directed by Andy Serkis. It is based on stories collected in "All the Mowgli Stories" by Rudyard Kipling. The movie stars Rohan Chand, Matthew Rhys, and Freida Pinto with voices and motion capture performances from Christian Bale, Cate Blanchett, Benedict Cumberbatch, Naomie Harris, Tom Hollander, and Serkis with Peter Mullan.

paragraphs: Originally a Warner Bros. movie, in July 2018, Warner Bros. Pictures sold the rights to Netflix. The movie was released in select theaters on November 29, 2018 and had a digital Netflix release on December 7, 2018. It received mixed reviews from critics.


title: Freida Pinto

paragraphs: Freida Selena Pinto (born 18 October 1984) is an Indian actress. She was born in Mumbai. Pinto appeared in British and American movies. She starred in the 2008 movie "Slumdog Millionaire". In 2011, Pinto starred in science fiction movie "Rise of the Planet of the Apes".

paragraphs: Before becoming an actress, Pinto was a model and television presenter.


title: Peter Mullan

paragraphs: Peter Mullan (; born 2 November 1959) is a Scottish actor and director. He is best known for his role in Ken Loach's "My Name Is Joe" (1998) and "The Claim" (2000).

paragraphs: Mullan appeared in cult classics such as "Riff-Raff" (1991), "Braveheart" (1995), "Trainspotting" (1996), "Young Adam" (2003), "Children of Men" (2006), "War Horse" (2011) and the "Harry Potter" series (2010–11).


title: To All the Boys I've Loved Before (movie)

paragraphs: To All the Boys I've Loved Before is a 2018 American teen romance movie directed by Susan Johnson. It stars Lana Condor, Noah Centineo, Janel Parrish, Anna Cathcart, Madeleine Arthur, Emilija Baranac, Israel Broussard and John Corbett. It is based on Jenny Han's 2014 novel of the same name. It was released by Netflix on August 17, 2018.

paragraphs: In November 2018, it was reported that Netflix and Paramount's Awesomeness Films were in discussions to produce a sequel to the movie.


title: Gerald's Game (movie)

paragraphs: Gerald's Game is a 2017 American psychological horror movie directed and edited by Mike Flanagan and written by Jeff Howard and Flanagan. It is based on Stephen King's 1992 novel of the same name. The movie stars Carla Gugino and Bruce Greenwood.

paragraphs: It was released on September 29, 2017, by Netflix.


title: The Christmas Chronicles

paragraphs: The Christmas Chronicles is a 2018 American Christmas comedy movie directed by Clay Kaytis. The movie stars Kurt Russell, Judah Lewis, and Darby Camp. It is about a brother and sister who, after accidentally crashing Santa Claus' sleigh, must save Christmas. The movie was released on November 22, 2018, by Netflix.

paragraphs: It was filmed and set in Chicago, Illinois.


title: The Princess Switch

paragraphs: The Princess Switch is a 2018 American Christmas romantic comedy movie directed by Mike Rohl from a screenplay by Robin Bernheim and Megan Metzger. The movie stars Vanessa Hudgens, Sam Palladio and Nick Sagar..

paragraphs: It was released on November 16, 2018, by Netflix.


title: Chordoma

paragraphs: Chordoma is a slow growing, very rare kind of cancerous tumor.


title: José Castillo (infielder)

paragraphs: José Castillo Rondón (; March 19, 1981 – December 6, 2018) was a Venezuelan professional baseball infielder. He played for the Pittsburgh Pirates, San Francisco Giants, and Houston Astros of Major League Baseball (MLB) and the Chiba Lotte Marines and Yokohama BayStars of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB). He was born in Las Mercedes, Guárico, Venezuela.

paragraphs: Castillo and Luis Valbuena were killed in a car crash on December 6, 2018 in Yaracuy, Venezuela, aged 37.


title: Luis Valbuena

paragraphs: Luis Adan Valbuena (November 30, 1985 – December 6, 2018) was a Venezuelan professional baseball infielder. He played eleven seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Seattle Mariners, Cleveland Indians, Chicago Cubs, Houston Astros and Los Angeles Angels. He was born in Zulia, Venezuela.

paragraphs: Valbuena and José Castillo were killed in a car crash on December 6, 2018 in Yaracuy, Venezuela, aged 33.


title: Shmuel Flatto-Sharon

paragraphs: Shmuel "Samy" Flatto-Sharon (18 January 1930 – 7 December 2018) was an Israeli businessman, radio talk-show host and politician. He was born in Łódź, Poland, and fled to France after the beginning of the war. In 1972-he moved to Israel. He was a member of the Knesset between 1977 and 1981. Flatto-Sharon was a member of the Development and Peace Party.

paragraphs: Flatto-Sharon died in Ramat Gan, Israel from a heart attack, aged 88.


title: Håkan Jeppsson

paragraphs: Håkan Lennart Jeppsson (6 May 1961 – 7 December 2018) was a Swedish businessman. He was the Chairman of the Swedish Association football club Malmö FF from 2010 until his death in 2018. Jeppsson studied at Lund University. He was born in Malmö, Sweden.

paragraphs: Jeppsson died on 7 December 2018 at the age of 57.


title: El Grito de Sunset Park

paragraphs: El Grito de Sunset Park () is a non-profit, volunteer-run community organization, in Sunset Park of Brooklyn, New York. Its focus is community relations with the police and aid for Puerto Rico.

paragraphs: El Grito de Sunset Park started in 2001 that had gathered after the Puerto Rican Parade in Manhattan, New York as an organized "cop watch" program. It took action to document the chaotic relations between police and community members. El Grito de Sunset Park officially became an organization in 2005 after acquiring a large backing by the community for its need of it. The founders are Dennis Flores, Jason del Aguila, and Noelle Flores Théard.

paragraphs: El Grito de Sunset Park is a small organization that consists of five members including the three founders. They are helped by volunteers that come in for special projects and for the Puerto Rican Parade every year. Members and volunteers use their phones and cameras to record police brutality and document the incidents that occur in Sunset Park to raise awareness of the oppression the community is receiving. The recording are shared on platforms and their websites to support and serve as evidence of how police officers act on duty.

paragraphs: El Grito de Sunset Park is an organization that fights against oppression from the socially and economically disenfranchised system. The organization is completely volunteer run and is a non-profit organization. The group coordinates campaigns, public forums, emergency relief, speak outs, and educational programs for the community. El Grito is also in collaboration with groups with the objective to end “zero tolerance policing” in New York City.

paragraphs: El Grito de Sunset Park collaborated with WITNESS to build a database where they can focus on the 72nd precinct in Brooklyn in the Sunset Park community. With the database in its infancy the project initially launched a website where videos and any facts on officers was gathered and publicly displayed. The database that was built was a tool open for the public to show the police abuse occurring in Sunset Park. Profiles were made on incidents attached to the responding officers involved and is kept up to date to this very day. The information accessible to the public was also created to help create a broader picture for the overall sentiment of the officers mainly involved in the 72 Precinct. Another scope inside this database is that a correlation of abuse and those officers’ salaries correlations were created. On such correlations the organization El Grito Sunset Park wanted to show in certain instances abusive officers were in fact getting steady inclines to their salaries and is a provocative talking point in their fightback against such tyranny.

paragraphs: El Grito de Sunset Park is involved in towns throughout the island. They work in are Aguadilla, Yabucoa, Vieques, and San Juan.They reached out to help Puerto Rico when they were hit by Hurricane Irma and Hurricane Maria. The organization sent aid at the time of Hurricane Irma and then flew out to Puerto Rico a week after Hurricane Maria hit to provide support and assistance to the communities of Puerto Rico. El Grito de Sunset Park is involved in C"aserios Públicos" (Spanish: Public Housing)"." They work directly with Luis Lloréns Torres which is the largest public housing project in San Juan. El Grito de Sunset Park members and the community organizers of Luis Lloréns Torres worked together to provide aid and relief in mountain top communities where no aid was distributed at the time of the hurricanes.

paragraphs: El Grito de Sunset Park received a donation of thirteen acres of land in a mountaintop community located in Yabucoa. They are working directly with farmers of the community to grow vegetables and fruits. They are trying to build a self sustaining model to fund the work they are doing on the island and to grow coffee. Members of El Grito de Sunset Park hope to create a space to bring young people of the diaspora back to the island to learn about the Puerto Rican culture and agriculture.


title: Stone City

paragraphs: Stone City is a wall in Gulou District, Nanjing, China. Stone City was built in 333 to protect the city inside and its Chinese name is "ShiTouCheng". It now opens all day.


title: Huawei

paragraphs: Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. (/ˈhwɑːˌweɪ/; Chinese: 华为; pinyin: About this soundHuáwéi) is a Chinese multinational telecommunications equipment and consumer electronics company based in Shenzhen, Guangdong, South China. It was founded by founded by Ren Zhengfei in 1987.

paragraphs: The name "Huawei" may be translated as "splendid act" or "China is able"; Hua can mean "splendid" or "China", while wei can mean "action" or "achievement".

paragraphs: Huawei has had a lot of problems in some countries. They have mainly had problems with the United States government. The US government said that the Chinese government could use Huawei's 5G technology to spy on people. Because of this, the US government does not want other countries to use technology by Huawei or ZTE. In May 2019, the US government put Huawei on a blacklist. This meant that Huawei could not do business with American companies.


title: Provinces of Nepal

paragraphs: The Provinces of Nepal ( "Nepalka Pradeshaharu") were formed on 20 September 2015. They were formed according to Schedule 4 of the Constitution of Nepal. The seven provinces were formed by making the group of districts. The current system of seven provinces replaced an earlier system. In the earlier system, Nepal was divided into 14 Administrative Zones and the zones were grouped into five Development Regions.


title: Halabja

paragraphs: Halabja (Kurdish: Helebce, هەڵەبجە) is a city in Iraqi Kurdistan, the capital of the Halabja Governorate. It is northeast of Baghdad.

paragraphs: The city is known for an incident in the final phase of the Iran-Iraq War. The Kurdish peshmerga guerrillas, supported by Iran, took control of the city. On March 16, 1988, after two days of ordinary artillery attacks, Iraqi Air Force planes dropped gas canisters on the town. The town and surrounding district were attacked with bombs, artillery fire and chemical weapons, the last of which proved most damaging. At least 5,000 people died as an immediate result of the chemical attack. It is estimated that a further 7,000 people were injured or suffered long-term illness. Most of the victims of the attack on the town of Halabja were Kurdish civilians.

paragraphs: The attack is believed to have included the nerve agents Tabun, Sarin and VX, as well as mustard gas. Another possibility, according to the former senior CIA analyst Stephen C. Pelletiere, is that Iraq did not have the nerve agent to use in the attack but did have mustard gas which had been used in the Iran–Iraq War. It is occasionally suggested that cyanide was also included among these chemical weapons, though this assertion has been cast into doubt, as cyanide is a natural byproduct of impure Tabun. The attack on Halabja took place amidst the Anfal campaign, in which Saddam Hussein powerfully suppressed Kurdish revolts during the Iran–Iraq War.

paragraphs: Before the war ended, Iraqi forces moved in on the ground and completely destroyed the town. In March 2010, the Iraqi High Criminal Court recognized the Halabja massacre as genocide. This decision was welcomed by the Kurdistan Regional Government.


title: Sejm

paragraphs: The Sejm of the Republic of Poland (; ) is the lower house of the Polish parliament. It is made up of 460 deputies elected by universal ballot and is presided over by a speaker called the "Marshal of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland".

paragraphs: Since the Second Polish Republic (1918–1939), ""Sejm"" has been called only to the lower house of the parliament; the upper house is called the "Senat Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej" ("Senate of the Republic of Poland").


title: Jolanta Szczypińska

paragraphs: Jolanta Irena Szczypińska (24 June 1957 – 8 December 2018) was a Polish politician. She was born in Słupsk, Poland. Szczypińska was a member of the Sejm from 2005 until her death in 2018.

paragraphs: Before entering politics, she was a nurse. She became known for suing airliner company Ryanair in 2007 as they created rumors that she was in a relationship with Prime Minister Jarosław Kaczyński.

paragraphs: Szczypińska died on 8 December 2018 in Warsaw from a urinary tract infection at the age of 61.


title: Prime Minister of Poland

paragraphs: The President of the Council of Ministers (Polish: "Prezes Rady Ministrów") is the leader of the cabinet and the head of government of Poland. The responsibilities and traditions of the office are seen through the Constitution of 1997.

paragraphs: The President of Poland nominates and appoints the prime minister, who will then makes up the cabinet. Fourteen days following his or her appointment, the prime minister must submit a programme outlining the government's agenda to the Sejm, requiring a vote of confidence.

paragraphs: The current and seventeenth Prime Minister is Mateusz Morawiecki of the Law and Justice party. Morawiecki replaced incumbent premier Beata Szydło, who resigned on 7 December 2017.


title: Jan Krzysztof Bielecki

paragraphs: Jan Krzysztof Bielecki (born 3 May 1951) is a Polish liberal politician and economist. He was Prime Minister of Poland for most of 1991.

paragraphs: Bielecki was president of Bank Pekao between 2003 and 2010 and president of the Polish Institute of International Affairs between 2009 to 2015.


title: Waldemar Pawlak

paragraphs: Waldemar Pawlak (born 5 September 1959) is a Polish politician. He twice was Prime Minister of Poland, briefly in 1992 and again from 1993 to 1995. From November 2007 to November 2012 he was Deputy Prime Minister and the Minister of Economy. Pawlak is the only person who held the office of Prime Minister twice.


title: Hanna Suchocka

paragraphs: Hanna Suchocka (born 3 April 1946) is a Polish politician and lawyer. She was a professor at Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań and Chair of the Constitutional Law Department.

paragraphs: She was the Prime Minister of Poland between 8 July 1992 and 26 October 1993 under the presidency of Lech Wałęsa. She is the first woman to hold this post in Poland.


title: Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz

paragraphs: Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz (, born 13 September 1950) is a Polish politician. He was born in Warsaw, Poland. From 1996 to 1997, he was the 8th Prime Minister of Poland.


title: Leszek Miller

paragraphs: Leszek Cezary Miller ( ; born 3 July 1946) is a Polish politician. He was Prime Minister of Poland from 2001 to 2004. He was leader of the Democratic Left Alliance to 2016.


title: Marek Belka

paragraphs: Marek Marian Belka (; born 9 January 1952) is a Polish politician. He is a former Prime Minister and Finance Minister of Poland. He is a former Director of the International Monetary Fund's (IMF) European Department and former Head of Narodowy Bank Polski ("National Bank of Poland").


title: Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz

paragraphs: Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz () (born 20 December 1959) is a Polish conservative politician. He was Prime Minister of Poland from 31 October 2005 to 14 July 2006. He was a member of the Law and Justice party ("Prawo i Sprawiedliwość", PiS).


title: José de Anchieta Júnior

paragraphs: José de Anchieta Júnior (11 March 1965 – 6 December 2018) was a Brazilian politician. He was born in Jaguaribe, Ceará. Anchieta Júnior was a member of the Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB). He was the Governor of the northern Brazilian state of Roraima from December 2007 to April 2014.

paragraphs: Anchieta Júnior died of a heart attack on 6 December 2018 in Boa Vista, Roraima, aged 53.


title: Paul Reinecke

paragraphs: Paul Heinrich Adalbert Reinecke (September 25, 1872 – May 12, 1958) was a German prehistorian and archaeologist.

paragraphs: Reinecke was born in Berlin. He studied medicine and science under Rudolf Virchow (1821–1903). Interested in prehistory, he also attended classes with the anthropologist Johannes Ranke (1836-1916) and the archaeologist Adolf Furtwängler (1853-1907). During his studies, in 1893, Reinecke led an extensive study trip through Austria and Hungary.

paragraphs: After graduating in 1897, he worked until 1908 at the Romano-Germanic Central Museum (Mainz), and later at the Bavarian State Office for Monument Protection (Die Kunstdenkmäler von Bayern).

paragraphs: Until his death in 1958, he worked on almost all periods of European prehistory and early history, in particular on the chronology of the European Bronze Age and Iron Age. The names Michelsberg culture (1908) and the Altheim culture (1915) as well as the periodization of the Hallstatt culture go back to him. Particularly important are his contributions in Volume V of the "Antiquities of our pagan past" (Alterthümer unserer heidnischen Vorzeit), where he developed, a chronology system, based on an historical analysis of stylistic features and on typological characteristics, that has essentially retained its validity to this day. Reinecke died in Herrsching, Bavaria.


title: Oltingen

paragraphs: Oltingen is a municipality of the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.


title: Lyudmila Alexeyeva

paragraphs: Lyudmila Mikhaylovna Alexeyeva (, , 20 July 1927 — 8 December 2018) was a Russian historian and leading human rights activist. She was a founding member of the Moscow Helsinki Watch Group. Alexeyeva was one of the last Soviet dissidents active in modern Russia. She participated in the Strategy-31 protests. She was born in Yevpatoria, Crimea, Soviet Union.

paragraphs: Alexeyeva died on 8 December 2018 in Moscow at the age of 91.


title: Ormalingen

paragraphs: Ormalingen is a municipality of the district of Sissach, in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.


title: Coat of Arms of Ukraine

paragraphs: The coat of arms of Ukraine ( "Derzhavnyi Herb Ukraiyny") is the national coat of arms of Ukraine, featuring the same colors found on the Ukrainian flag. It has a blue shield with a gold trident.


title: Nick Ayers

paragraphs: James Nicholas "Nick" Ayers (born August 16, 1982) is an American political strategist. He is the Chief of Staff to Vice President Mike Pence since July 2017.

paragraphs: Ayers was the national chairman for Mike Pence's vice-presidential campaign in 2016, and as the former executive director of the Republican Governors Association from 2007 to 2010. He also was principal of C5 Creative Consulting,

paragraphs: From November 2016 to January 2017, Ayers was a senior adviser to President-elect Donald Trump's transition team.

paragraphs: Many believed that President Donald Trump would hire Ayers as John F. Kelly's replacement as White House Chief of Staff. On December 9, 2018, Ayers turned down the offer.


title: Danay García

paragraphs: Danay García (born 5 July 1984) is an Cuban-born American actress. She was born in Havana, Cuba. She is known for her roles as Sofía Lugo on Fox's drama series "Prison Break" and Luciana Galvez on AMC's horror drama series "Fear the Walking Dead".


title: Coat of Arms of Cyprus

paragraphs: The coat of arms of Cyprus show a dove and an olive branch (a well-known symbol of peace) over “1960”, the year of Cypriot independence from British rule. Northern Cyprus uses a separate coat of arms and “1983” is used for when it gained independence but its recognised by Turkey.


title: Cass County, Minnesota

paragraphs: Cass County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2010, 28,567 people lived there. The county seat is Walker.


title: Chippewa County, Minnesota

paragraphs: Chippewa County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2010, 12,441 people lived there. The county seat is Montevideo.


title: Montevideo, Minnesota

paragraphs: Montevideo is a city in the state of Minnesota in the United States. It is the county seat of Chippewa County.


title: Chippewa County

paragraphs: Chippewa County is the name of three counties in the United States:


title: Chisago County, Minnesota

paragraphs: Chisago County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2010, 53,887 people lived there. The county seat is Center City.


title: Clay County, Minnesota

paragraphs: Clay County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2010 census, 58,999 people lived there. The county seat is Moorhead.


title: Coat of Arms of Lithuania

paragraphs: The coat of arms of Lithuania consists of a man wearing armour, holding a sword and shield, and riding a horse in front of a red background. It is also known as Vytis.


title: Rickenbach, Basel-Landschaft

paragraphs: Rickenbach is a municipality of the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.


title: Rünenberg

paragraphs: Rünenberg is a municipality of the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.


title: Delicate (Taylor Swift song)

paragraphs: "Delicate" is a song recorded by American recording artist Taylor Swift. It was released on March 12, 2018, as the fourth single from Swift's sixth studio album, "Reputation". The song reached the top twenty in the US and Canada.


title: Strawberry, Arkansas

paragraphs: Strawberry is a town in the US state of Arkansas.


title: Minturn, Arkansas

paragraphs: Minturn is a town in the US state of Arkansas.


title: Zunzgen

paragraphs: Zunzgen is a municipality of the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.


title: 2018 Boracay closure

paragraphs: The cause of the island being closed was because of algal blooms on the island's famous beaches. Other causes were harmful waste products. On February 9, 2018, Rodrigo Duterte, the president of the Philippines, called the island a "cesspool".

paragraphs: 400 restaurants and hotels had to close for violating the laws that were set in place. 3 casinos were also closed. Buildings less than 30 meters away from the beaches were destroyed.


title: South Nahanni River

paragraphs: The South Nahanni River is a river in the Northwest Territories of Canada. It is 540 kilometers long.


title: Bajlo Tomar Alor Benu

paragraphs: Bajlo Tomar Alor Benu is a Bengali Drama series that airs on Star Jalsha at 6:00 p.m. every day.

paragraphs: The show tells the story of an abandoned girl, Minu, with a natural talent for sculpting. Minu wants to be famous for it.

paragraphs: This show is made by Agnidev Chatterjee Productions, while the screenplay and the dialogues have been written by Sudipa Chatterjee. The show uses the song Bajlo Tomar Alor Benu sung in the evergreen voice of Supriti Ghosh as its title track.

paragraphs: At the bank of the Ganges River, a famous sculptor named Kalikrishna stumbles upon a young girl who is trying to make an idol, or small statue, of Lord Shiva out of clay collected from the soft river banks. Having recognized her natural talent in sculpting, Kalikrishna helps her shape the idol. The girl's name is Minu. Kalikrishna learns she had been separated from her mother, and takes her with him to live. Kalikrishna consoles her by saying that Maa Durga is looking over her in the absence of her mother. The story picks up from here to show how, mentored and nurtured by Kalikrishna, Minu grows up to master the art of idol-making.


title: Doab

paragraphs: Doab is an word used in India and Pakistan and means a piece of land between two rivers, extending to where the two rivers meet. The most important of these is between the Ganges and Yamuna rivers.


title: Digital audio

paragraphs: Digital audio is sound which has been turned into a computer file. Digital audio files can be played on MP3 players, computers, smartphones, and more. Digital audio may be uncompressed, such as CDs, losslessly compressed, such as FLAC files, or lossily compressed, such as MP3 files. Audio is converted to digital format using a device called an analog to digital converter (ADC). The ADC takes samples of the amplitude of the signal at a specific sample rate (for example, 44100 times per second). These samples are binary numbers. When converting back to analog, a device called a digital to analog converter (DAC) recreates the original analog signal that matches the given samples.


title: Gate of China

paragraphs: Gate of China is one of the Gates of old China. In Chinese, we call it "Zhōnghuámén"(中华门)."Gate of China" was built in Ming Dynasty and now settles in Qinghuai District， Nanjing, China. It is 16512 square meter. "Gate of China"is very magnificent for its barbican. It's the firmest barbican in China. The barbican is a small space between gate and the barbican door. When the enemies go into it, the doors can block them so that the soldiers that have already hidden in the barbican can kill them easily. In the past, Taiping Kingdom of Heaven tried to attack into Nanjing, however, the gate wasn't ruined at all. Nowadays, tourists are allowed to visit the "Gate of China" and they can take Nanjing line 1 to "Gate of China" station to go there and the tickets cost 50yuan per person.


title: Aerobic organism

paragraphs: An aerobic organism or aerobe is a very small organism which lives in a place that has oxygen.


title: Catalan solid

paragraphs: Catalan solids are a concept from geometry: For each Archimedean solid there is a Catalan solid that is its duality (mathematics. In total, there are thirteen Catalan solids (as there are thirtin Archimedean solids). They are named after the Belgian mathematician Eugène Charles Catalan of the 19th centurty.

paragraphs: Each Catalan solid is a convex polyhedron. Like with Archimewdean solids, each surface is made of the same shape.


title: Clearwater County

paragraphs: Clearwater County is the name of three counties in North America:


title: Clearwater County, Minnesota

paragraphs: Clearwater County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2010, 8,695 people lived there. The county seat is Bagley.


title: Cook County

paragraphs: Cook County is the name of three counties in the United States:


title: Cook County, Minnesota

paragraphs: Cook County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2010, 5,176 people lived there. The county seat is Grand Marais.


title: Crow Wing County, Minnesota

paragraphs: Crow Wing County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2010, 62,500 people lived there. The county seat is Brainerd.


title: Dakota County, Minnesota

paragraphs: Dakota County is the third-most populous county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2010, 398,552 people lived there. The county seat is Hastings.


title: Thürnen

paragraphs: Thürnen is a municipality of the district Sissach in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.


title: Wenslingen

paragraphs: Wenslingen is a municipality of the district Sissach in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.


title: Wittinsburg

paragraphs: Wittinsburg is a municipality of the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.


title: Zeglingen

paragraphs: Zeglingen is a municipality of the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.


title: Labrador Peninsula

paragraphs: The Labrador Peninsula is a large peninsula in eastern Canada. It is bounded by the Hudson Bay to the west, the Hudson Strait to the north, the Labrador Sea to the east, and the Gulf of Saint Lawrence to the southeast. The peninsula includes the region of Labrador, which is part of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, and the regions of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, Côte-Nord, and Nord-du-Québec, which are in the province of Quebec. It has an area of .

paragraphs: The peninsula is very sparsely populated, especially in the north.


title: Győző Forintos

paragraphs: Győző Victor Forintos (30 July 1935 – 6 December 2018) was a Hungarian chess master and an economist. He was born in Budapest. He first participated in the Hungarian Championship as early as 1954 and became the national champion in 1968/1969. Forintos was awarded the International Master title in 1963 and the Grandmaster title in 1974.

paragraphs: Forintos died in Budapest on 6 December 2018 at the age of 83.


title: Jim Meehan

paragraphs: Jim Meehan (March 19, 1952 – December 6, 2018), sometimes known as Minneapolis Jim Meehan, was an American professional poker player. He was born in Saint Paul, Minnesota. Before his poker career, Meehan worked as a lawyer for many years.

paragraphs: Meehan began playing poker in the 1960s, and began playing poker tournaments regularly in 1997, when he had a 2nd-place finish in the $3,000 limit hold'em event at the World Series of Poker (WSOP). He finished 3rd in the $2,500 limit Omaha event at the 1999 WSOP.

paragraphs: Meehan died on December 6, 2018 in Minneapolis at the age of 66.


title: Enrico Crispolti

paragraphs: Enrico Crispolti (18 April 1933 – 8 December 2018) was an Italian art critic, curator and art historian. He was born in Rome.

paragraphs: From 1984 to 2005 he was professor of history of contemporary art at the Università degli Studi di Siena, and director of the school of specialisation in art history. He taught at the Accademia di Belle Arti in Rome (1966–1973) and at the Università degli Studi di Salerno (1973–1984). He was author of the "catalogues raisonnés" of the works of Enrico Baj, Lucio Fontana and Renato Guttuso.

paragraphs: Crispolti died in Rome on 8 December 2018, aged 85.


title: João Clemente Baena Soares

paragraphs: João Clemente Baena Soares (born 14 May 1931) is a Brazilian diplomat. He was born in Belém. He worked at the Brazilian Ministry of External Relations for 31 years before being elected to replace Alejandro Orfila as Secretary General of the Organization of American States from 1984 to 1994. He was replaced in 1994 with President César Gaviria.


title: Alejandro Orfila

paragraphs: Alejandro Orfila (born 9 March 1925) is an Argentine retired diplomat. He was born in Mendoza, Argentina. He was the Secretary General of the Organization of American States from 1975 to 1984 replacing Galo Plaza, an Ecuadorian President.

paragraphs: He was an active figure in United States foreign policies dealing with South American. He was a key figure in the Panama Canal Treaty formation. He was present when President Jimmy Carter signed the treaty in 1977. He worked with Carter to fight human rights abuses in the continent.

paragraphs: When Ronald Reagan became president, his influence decreased with Reagan and U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations Jeane Kirkpatrick criticizing the Organization of American States.

paragraphs: In 1984, he was replaced with Brazilian diplomat João Clemente Baena Soares.


title: 98 Degrees

paragraphs: 98 Degrees (stylized as 98°) is a Grammy-nominated American pop and contemporary R&B band. The group is made up of four vocalists: Justin Jeffre, Jeff Timmons and brothers Nick and Drew Lachey. It was formed by Timmons in Los Angeles, California. All members of the group come from Ohio.

paragraphs: Instead of being assembled by a record label or a producer like most boy bands, 98 Degrees formed independently. They joined a record label later.

paragraphs: The group has sold over 10 million records across the world. They have had eight top 40 singles in the United States.

paragraphs: Songs from 98 Degrees include "This Gift", "True to Your Heart" and "Invisible Man". In 1999 the group released the album "This Christmas". It sold over one million copies.

paragraphs: In 2002, the group took a break from recording and touring. In 2012, they got back together. In May 2013, they released a new album, "2.0".


title: Deaths in 2019

paragraphs: The following is a list of deaths that should be noted in 2019. For deaths that should be noted before the month that the world is in, please see "Months". Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are noted here also if it is worth noting.

paragraphs: Each listing of a death must have a source. If no reference is included, the death notice will be removed. The following are the requirements of adding a name to the list in its order: name, age, where they came from, what the person is known for, cause of death (if known) and a source.


title: Mel Sembler

paragraphs: Melvin Floyd "Mel" Sembler (born May 10, 1930) is an American politician. He was United States Ambassador to Italy from 2001 to 2005 and Ambassador to Australia and Nauru from 1989 to 1993.


title: Richard N. Gardner

paragraphs: Richard Newton Gardner (July 9, 1927 – February 16, 2019) was an American politician. He was born in New York City. He was the United States Ambassador to Spain from 1993 to 1997 and the United States Ambassador to Italy from 1977 to 1981. He was a professor emeritus of law at Columbia Law School.

paragraphs: Gardner died on February 16, 2019 in New York City at the age of 91.


title: Edward L. Romero

paragraphs: Edward L. Romero (also Romæro, born on January 2, 1934) is an American politician and activist. He was the U.S. Ambassador to Spain and Andorra between the years of 1998 and 2001.


title: Alamosa, Colorado

paragraphs: Alamosa is a city and the county seat in Alamosa County, Colorado, United States. The city population was 8,780 at the 2010 United States Census.


title: Paul H. Robinson Jr.

paragraphs: Paul Heron Robinson Jr. (born June 22, 1930) is an American businessman and politician. He was born in Chicago, Illinois. Robinson Jr., a Republican, was United States Ambassador to Canada from 1981 to 1985 during the Ronald Reagan presidency.


title: Julian Nava

paragraphs: Julian Nava (born June 19, 1927) is an American educator and diplomat. He was the United States Ambassador of Mexico from 1980 to 1981 during the Jimmy Carter presidency. He was born in Los Angeles, California. Nava is a member of the Democratic Party.


title: Felix Rohatyn

paragraphs: Felix George Rohatyn ( ; May 29, 1928 – December 14, 2019) was an American politician and investment banker. Rohatyn was born in Vienna, Austria. He spent most of his career with Lazard from the 1960s through the 1990s. He was the United States Ambassador to France from 1997 to 2000.

paragraphs: Rohatyn died in Manhattan on December 14, 2019 at the age of 91.


title: Howard H. Leach

paragraphs: Howard H. Leach (born June 19, 1930) is an American diplomat, college administrator and philanthropist. He was the United States Ambassador to France from 2001 to 2005.

paragraphs: He studied at Stanford Graduate School of Business in 1953 and at Stanford Advanced Management College in 1968.

paragraphs: He is a member and former chairman of the Board of Regent of the University of California.


title: Munster, Indiana

paragraphs: Munster is a town located in North Township, Lake County, Indiana, United States. It is in the Chicago metropolitan area. It is southeast of the Chicago Loop. The 2010 U.S. Census counted the town's population at 23,603. Munster is located at (41.551457, -87.501431).


title: Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle

paragraphs: Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle is a 2017 American fantasy adventure comedy movie directed by Jake Kasdan and written by Chris McKenna, Erik Sommers, Scott Rosenberg, and Jeff Pinkner, based on a story by McKenna. Part of the Jumanji franchise, the movie is a sequel to the 1995 "Jumanji", which was based on the 1981 children's book of the same name by Chris Van Allsburg.


title: Venom (movie)

paragraphs: Venom is a 2018 American superhero movie based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name, produced by Columbia Pictures in association with Marvel and Tencent Pictures. Distributed by Sony Pictures Releasing, it is the first movie in Sony's Marvel Universe, adjunct to the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). Directed by Ruben Fleischer from a screenplay by Scott Rosenberg, Jeff Pinkner, and Kelly Marcel, it stars Tom Hardy as Eddie Brock / Venom, alongside Michelle Williams, Riz Ahmed, Scott Haze, and Reid Scott. In Venom, journalist Brock gains superpowers after being bound to an alien symbiote whose species plans to invade Earth.


title: Didube Pantheon

paragraphs: The Didube Pantheon () is a cemetery in Tbilisi, Georgia, where some of the most prominent writers, artists, scholars, scientists and political activists of Georgia are buried. It was opened in 1939. The pantheon is located in the Didube District.


title: College City, Arkansas

paragraphs: College City is a town in the US state of Arkansas.


title: Eric Anderson

paragraphs: Eric Walfred Anderson (May 26, 1970 – December 9, 2018) was an American basketball player. He is best known for his college career at Indiana University and played two seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA) for the New York Knicks. He was born in Chicago, Illinois.

paragraphs: Anderson died on December 9, 2018 at the age of 48.


title: Augst

paragraphs: Augst (Swiss German: "Augscht") is a municipality of the district Liestal in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland. It was known as Augusta Raurica in Roman times.


title: Kapellbrücke

paragraphs: The Kapellbrücke ("Chapel Bridge" in German) is a long bridge crossing the Reuss River in the city of Lucerne in Switzerland. It is the oldest wooden bridge in Europe, and one of Switzerland's main tourist attractions.


title: Dodge County, Minnesota

paragraphs: Dodge County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2010, 20,087 people lived there. The county seat is Mantorville.


title: Douglas County, Minnesota

paragraphs: Douglas County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2010, 36,009 people lived there. The county seat is Alexandria.


title: Omega (Cyrillic)

paragraphs: Omega (Ѡ ѡ or Ѡ ѡ; italics: "Ѡ ѡ" or "Ѡ ѡ") is a letter used in the early Cyrillic alphabet. It came from the Greek Omega.


title: Faribault County, Minnesota

paragraphs: Faribault County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2010, 14,553 people lived there. The county seat is Blue Earth.


title: Er with tick

paragraphs: Er with tick (Ҏ ҏ; italics: "Ҏ ҏ") is a letter of the Cyrillic script. Er with tick is used only in the alphabet of the Kildin Sami language.


title: Fillmore County, Minnesota

paragraphs: Fillmore County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2010, 20,866 people lived there. The county seat is Preston.


title: Powhatan, Arkansas

paragraphs: Powhatan is a town in the US state of Arkansas.


title: Freeborn County, Minnesota

paragraphs: Freeborn County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2010, 31,255 people lived there. The county seat is Albert Lea.


title: Bubendorf

paragraphs: Bubendorf is a municipality of the district of Liestal in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.


title: Frenkendorf

paragraphs: Frenkendorf is a municipality of the district of Liestal in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.


title: Houston, Arkansas

paragraphs: Houston is a town in the US state of Arkansas.


title: Stadio Renzo Barbera

paragraphs: Stadio Renzo Barbera is a sports stadium in Palermo, Italy. It is mainly used for football matches. It has a seating capacity of 36,349. The stadium was opened on 24 January 1932. It is the home stadium of U.S. Città di Palermo of Serie A and sometimes the Italy national team.

paragraphs: Stadio Renzo Barbera hosted three matches of the 1990 FIFA World Cup.


title: Godzilla (1998 movie)

paragraphs: Godzilla is a 1998 American monster movie directed and co-written by Roland Emmerich. The movie is a reimagining of Toho's Godzilla franchise and is the 23rd movie in the franchise and the first Godzilla movie to be completely produced by a Hollywood studio. The movie stars Matthew Broderick, Jean Reno, Maria Pitillo, Hank Azaria, Kevin Dunn, Michael Lerner, and Harry Shearer. The film is dedicated to Tomoyuki Tanaka, the co-creator and producer of various Godzilla movies, who died in April 1997. a mutated iguana creature over 60-meter long called "Godzilla" attacks Manhattan, New York from its terrorized.


title: Away colours

paragraphs: Away colours are a choice of coloured clothing used in team sports.


title: Adnams Brewery

paragraphs: Adnams is a regional brewery founded in 1872 in Southwold, Suffolk, England, by George and Ernest Adnams.


title: Gold Coast Desalination Plant

paragraphs: The Gold Coast desalination plant is a reverse osmosis, water desalination plant located in Tugun, a seaside suburb of the Gold Coast.


title: Daniel Jacobs

paragraphs: Daniel, Dan, or Danny Jacobs may refer to:


title: Goodhue County, Minnesota

paragraphs: Goodhue County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2010, 46,183 people lived there. The county seat is Red Wing.


title: Grant County, Minnesota

paragraphs: Grant County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2010, 6,018 people lived there. The county seat is Elbow Lake.


title: Elbow Lake, Minnesota

paragraphs: Elbow Lake is a city in the state of Minnesota in the United States. It is the county seat of Grant County.


title: Houston County, Minnesota

paragraphs: Houston County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2010, 19,027 people lived there. The county seat is Caledonia.


title: University of Lucerne

paragraphs: The University of Lucerne (UNILU; ) is a public university with a campus in Lucerne, Switzerland. It is the smallest university in Switzerland.


A Touch of Class


title: Hubbard County, Minnesota

paragraphs: Hubbard County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2010, 20,428 people lived there. The county seat is Park Rapids.


title: Füllinsdorf

paragraphs: Füllinsdorf is a municipality in Liestal in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.


title: Giebenach

paragraphs: Giebenach is a municipality in Liestal in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.


title: Hersberg

paragraphs: Hersberg is a municipality in Liestal in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.


title: Seltisberg

paragraphs: Seltisberg is a municipality in Liestal in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.


title: Lupsingen

paragraphs: Lupsingen is a municipality in Liestal in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.


title: Ziefen

paragraphs: Ziefen is a municipality in Liestal in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.


title: Ramlinsburg

paragraphs: Ramlinsburg is a municipality in Liestal in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.


title: Ravenden Springs, Arkansas

paragraphs: Ravenden Springs is a town in the US state of Arkansas.


title: Reyno, Arkansas

paragraphs: Reyno is a city in the US state of Arkansas.


title: Sunbury, Pennsylvania

paragraphs: Sunbury is a city in Pennsylvania in the United States. It is in Northumberland County.


title: Spengler Cup

paragraphs: The Spengler Cup is an ice hockey tournament in Davos, Switzerland.


title: Therwil

paragraphs: Therwil is a municipality in Arlesheim in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.


title: Arlesheim

paragraphs: Arlesheim is the capital of the district of Arlesheim in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.


title: Isanti County, Minnesota

paragraphs: Isanti County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2010, 37,816 people lived there. The county seat is Cambridge.


title: André Holland

paragraphs: André Holland (born December 28, 1979) is an American actor. He got a lot of attention for his performance as Kevin in the 2016 Academy Award-winning movie "Moonlight".

paragraphs: Holland has acted in theatre plays, television programs and movies. His first on-screen performance was in an episode of the drama series "Law & Order" in 2006.

paragraphs: Also in 2006 he played three characters on stage in the play "Blue Door". "The New York Times" gave the performance a good review.


title: Coat of Arms of Liechtenstein

paragraphs: The coat of arms of Liechtenstein is used as the great arms of the nation. As the sovereign emblem of the Principality of Liechtenstein, its use is reserved for the members of the Princely House and state authorities. Private individuals may be authorized to use the great arms, if it is in the interest of the State. The arms are a history of the Princely House, and show the many different areas of Europe with which Liechtenstein has been involved, either by conquest or by marriage.

paragraphs: The first quarter is Silesia; the second is the arms of the Kuenring family; the third quarter, the Duchy of Troppau; and the fourth quarter, the arms of the East Frisian family Cirksena representing County of Rietberg. The base is occupied by the arms of the Duchy of Jägerndorf. The small gold and red shield of the Princely House is shown in the middle of the larger shield. The Princely hat crowns a purple cloak with ermine lining behind the large coat of arms.


title: David Weatherall

paragraphs: Sir David John Weatherall, (9 March 1933 – 8 December 2018) was a British physician and researcher in molecular genetics, haematology, pathology and clinical medicine. In 1974 Weatherall was appointed Nuffield Professor of Clinical Medicine at the University of Oxford, and, in 1992, he assumed the most prestigious chair, that of Regius Professor of Medicine, which he held until 2000.

paragraphs: He was knighted in 1987 and appointed Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire (GBE) in the 2017 Birthday Honours for services to medicine.

paragraphs: Weatherall died on 8 December 2018 in Oxford, England at the age of 85.


title: 2018 Strasbourg shooting

paragraphs: On 11 December 2018 a terrorist attack happened in Strasbourg, France. Five people were shot dead and several others were injured. The suspect, a 29 years old man who was known to the security services and thought of as an extremist was wounded in an exchange of fire with a soldier, is at large.

paragraphs: The incident occurred near Place Kléber, where Christkindelsmärik, a Christmas market, was being held.


title: William Blum

paragraphs: William Blum (; March 6, 1933 – December 9, 2018) was an American author and historian. He was a critic of United States foreign policy. He worked in a computer-related position at the United States Department of State in the mid-1960s. He was known for his works "The CIA: A Forgotten History" (1986), "" (2000) and "Killing Hope" (2003).

paragraphs: In early 2006, Blum briefly became the subject of widespread media attention when Osama bin Laden issued a public statement in which he quoted Blum and recommended that all Americans read "".

paragraphs: Blum was born in Brooklyn, New York. He died on December 9, 2018 in Arlington, Virginia from kidney failure at the age of 85.


title: C. N. Balakrishnan

paragraphs: C. N. Balakrishnan (18 November 1934 – 10 December 2018) was an Indian politician. He was the minister for Co-operation, Khadi and Village Industries and Pollution Control -Government of Kerala under the Oommen Chandy Ministry. He became the representative in the Wadakkanchery constituency in Kerala after winning in the 2011 State Election.

paragraphs: Balakrishnan died on 10 December 2018 in Kochi, Kerala from kidney and heart failure at the age of 84.


title: Classic Shell

paragraphs: Classic Shell is a discontinued computer program, that was created to restore Windows XP and Windows Vista features for later versions of Windows.


title: Alice Childress

paragraphs: Alice Childress (October 12, 1916 – August 14, 1994) was an American actress, novelist and playwright. She was called "the only African American woman to have written, produced and published plays for four decades."

paragraphs: Childress was later involved in social causes. She formed an off-Broadway union for actors.

paragraphs: When Childress' stage play "Trouble in Mind" was produced at Stella Holt's Greenwich Mews Theatre in 1955, it won an Obie Award for best Off-Broadway play in the 1955-56 season. That made Childress the first African American woman to win the honor.

paragraphs: Her next dramatic work, "Wedding Band: A Love/Hate Story in Black and White", was completed in 1962. Its setting was South Carolina during World War I. It dealt with a forbidden and interracial love affair. For the scandalous nature of the show and the major realism it had, it was impossible for Childress to get any theater in New York City to stage the play. It wasn't until 1972 that it played in New York at the New York Shakespeare Festival. It was later filmed and shown on television, although many stations didn't want to play it.

paragraphs: Childress was born in Charleston, South Carolina. She later moved to New York. She died there of cancer at age 77.


title: Jim Florentine

paragraphs: James "Jim" Florentine (born August 18, 1964) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, puppeteer, voice artist, and comedian, best known as the voice of Special Ed and Bobby Fletcher in "Crank Yankers".

paragraphs: Florentine was born James Florentine in Brooklyn, New York on August 18, 1964.


title: Bob Giggie

paragraphs: Robert Thomas Giggie (August 13, 1933 – December 9, 2018) was an American professional baseball player and Major League Baseball pitcher. He played for the Milwaukee Braves from 1959 to 1960 and for the Kansas City Athletics from 1960 and 1962. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts.

paragraphs: Giggie died on December 9, 2018 in Braintree, Massachusetts at the age of 85.


title: Braintree, Massachusetts

paragraphs: Braintree (), officially the Town of Braintree, is a suburban New England city in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 35,744 at the 2010 census.


title: Chiang Pin-kung

paragraphs: Chiang Pin-kung (; 16 December 1932 – 10 December 2018) was a Taiwanese politician. He led the Ministry of Economic Affairs from 1993 to 1996. He was named Minister of the Council for Economic Planning and Development, where he worked until 2000.

paragraphs: He was elected to consecutive terms on the Legislative Yuan from 2002 to 2008. During his first term as a legislator, Chiang was Vice President of the Legislative Yuan. He was Chairman of the Straits Exchange Foundation from 2008 to 2012.

paragraphs: Chiang collapsed at a restaurant on 8 December 2018 in Taipei. He died of multiple organ failure at a hospital on 10 December 2018, aged 85.


title: Robert Spaemann

paragraphs: Robert Spaemann (5 May 1927 – 10 December 2018) was a German Roman Catholic philosopher. He was thought of as a member of the Ritter-School. He was born in Berlin. Spaemann's focus was on Christian ethics. He was known for his work in bioethics, ecology, and human rights. Spaemann was internationally known and his work is highly regarded by Pope Benedict XVI.

paragraphs: Spaemann died on 10 December 2018 in Berlin at the age of 91.


title: Xavier Tilliette

paragraphs: Xavier Tilliette (23 July 1921 – 10 December 2018) was a French philosopher, historian, and theologian. He was born in Corbie, Somme. He was a former student of Jean Wahl and of Vladimir Jankélévitch.

paragraphs: Tilliette was a member of the Society of Jesus (1938) and professor emeritus at the Catholic Institute of Paris (1969), having taught also at the Pontifical Gregorian University of Rome (1972), the Lateran University, and the Centre Sèvres in Paris.

paragraphs: He was a member of the Istituto Italiano per gli Studi Filosofici and of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities ("Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften of Munich"), the Centro studi filosofico-religiosi Luigi Pareyson, and, since 2006, a corresponding member Accademia di estetica internazionale de Rapallo.

paragraphs: Tilliette was knight of the Légion d'honneur and of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic.

paragraphs: Tilliette died in Paris on 10 December 2018 from pneumonia at the age of 97.


title: Bobotie

paragraphs: Bobotie is a South African dish. It is made of minced meat and has an egg-based topping.


title: Viaduct

paragraphs: A viaduct is a bridge composed of several small spans. It is built for crossing a valley, dry or wetland, or forming an overpass or flyover.

paragraphs: The word "viaduct" has two parts from Latin: "via" for road and "ducere", to lead. The ancient Romans did not use this word; it was invented in the nineteenth-century by analogy with aqueduct.


title: Dhulbahante garaadship

paragraphs: The Dhulbahante garaadship was a kingdom from 1530 until 1899. Its successor state was Darwiish State.


title: Thutmose III

paragraphs: Thutmose III (Thutmose means "Thoth is born") was the sixth pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty.

paragraphs: Thutmose III was pharaoh in name for almost 54 years (24 April 1479 BC to 11 March 1425 BC) from the age of two and until his death at age fifty-six.

paragraphs: For the first 22 years of his reign, he was coregent with his stepmother and aunt, Hatshepsut. She was also pharaoh, and probably the actual ruler for the first part of his reign. During the final two years of his reign, he appointed his son and successor, Amenhotep II, as his junior co-regent. His firstborn son and heir to the throne, Amenemhat, died before Thutmose III.

paragraphs: As the sole ruler of the kingdom after the deaths of Thutmose II and Hatshepsut, he created the largest empire Egypt ever had. 17 campaigns were conducted. He conquered lands from the Niya Kingdom in northern Syria to the Fourth Cataract of the Nile in Nubia.

paragraphs: When Thutmose III died, he was buried in the Valley of the Kings. Other kings from this period in Egypt were also buried there.


title: Liming Family

paragraphs: Liming Family is a non-governmental organization (NGO) run and operated by the Sisters of St. Therese of the Child Jesus(Catholic congregation). It is located in the Hebei Province of China. It mainly serves orphans, disabled people, and families with disabled people in the local area. The institution originated from an orphanage that cares for disabled and abandoned babies. It has now developed into a multi-functional welfare institution that unites a Rehabilitation station, a Vocational training & Rehabilitation center, and a Nursing department.

paragraphs: The Liming Family was originally a Catholic orphanage located in the village of Ningjin County, Hebei Province. In the late 1980s, the number of disabled children left outside churches was constantly increasing. In the beginning, since they could not provide for the children a stable living environment, the Christians took turns taking care of them. In this way, the orphans could not be educated with a comprehensive program. It was difficult to insure for them healthy growth. In 1988, the Bishop of Zhaoxian diocese, Wang Chong Lin, borrowed a 40 square meter residence and set it up as an orphanage that he gave to the Sisters of St. Therese of the Child Jesus to manage. In 1998 the orphanage was formally named “Liming Family”, which stands for "the dawn of disabled children starts here.

paragraphs: From April 2002, Liming Family sent some orphans without serious diseases or disability to foster families in order to give orphans a normal home. In October 2002, a youth vocational training center was established. Subsequently, the work of the Liming Family was divided into two parts: the rehabilitation nursing group and the vocational training group. These groups were the beginning of the future Rehabilitation Station and Vocational Training & Rehabilitation Center. Among these orphans, those who progressed better could enter the ordinary school, and those who did not meet the entry requirements received special education at the orphanage of Liming Family.

paragraphs: In 2006, Liming Family registered a private non-profit organization with the Civil Affairs Bureau: GaoYi County “Liming Family Rehabilitation Station”. This rehabilitation center is not only open to the children of the Liming Family, but it’s also open to families with similar problems in society. Its main tasks are to help children who have difficulty moving their bodies to improve their physical activity, to help children with cerebral palsy to carry out rehabilitation training; and to help children who can hardly take care of themselves to improve their ability of self-care.

paragraphs: In 2013, Liming Family registered another private non-profit organization with the Civil Affairs Bureau: NingJin County “Liming Vocational Training and Rehabilitation Center”. This Center provides some disabilities with vocational training. It provides people with mental disabilities who grew up in the orphanage a self-development platform. And also, it gives them occupational skill training according to their ability. At the same time, it provides professional training opportunities for people with intellectual disabilities from other orphanages and families.

paragraphs: In 2013, Liming Family placed orphans with severe physical or mental disabilities and orphans of young age in the original orphanage in Biancun. There, the orphans will be looked after 24 hours a day. It was called Biancun Liming Family Nursing Department. The Liming Family received more than 600 abandoned or disabled babies. Some children entered the Vocational Training & Rehabilitation Center or found a new family after they received medical or rehabilitation training. Some children died under the guardianship of the nuns due to serious illness.

paragraphs: The staves at the Liming Family originally had only a few nuns. But then with the support of the local church, more and more laymen joined the team of service. In addition, some college students and seminarians volunteered at the Liming Family during their holidays. Over time, more and more non-Catholics also went go the Liming Family to volunteer. At the same time, non-Catholic professionals have also joined the team of managers for administrative positions.

paragraphs: The Liming Family is funded mainly by donations. Most of these donors are Catholics, but there are also some non-Catholics. Besides, there are some private companies, factories that occasionally give some supplies or money.

paragraphs: In addition, Liming Family has received some help from international NGOs and government departments, but it is quite limited.

paragraphs: Other than that, they have no other income.

paragraphs: Jude Howell, Xiaoyuan Shang, and Karen R. Fisher. NGOs and Accountability in China: Child Welfare Organisations. Switzerland.

paragraphs: Lidman, Melanie. “Chinese sisters take different approach to helping disabled.” CRUS. Accessed October 10, 2018. <nowiki>https://cruxnow.com/global-church/2017/09/02/chinese-sisters-take-different-approach-helping-disabled/</nowiki>

paragraphs: Liming Family. Accessed October 8, 2018. <nowiki>http://www.limingfamily.cn/</nowiki>

paragraphs: Life spring. “Liming Family 1: I believe • I love (Mandarin) version” Accessed October 11, 2018. <nowiki>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E7NFvHBeac4</nowiki>

paragraphs: Nie, Hoe Yeen and Yvonne Lim. “Orphan's poignant photos capture life in shelter for unwanted disabled kids.” Channel news Asia.  Accessed October 11, 2018. <nowiki>https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/orphan-s-poignant-photos-capture-life-in-shelter-for-unwanted-di-8577142</nowiki>

paragraphs: UCAN. Accessed October 10, 2018. <nowiki>https://china.ucanews.com/tag/%E9%BB%8E%E6%98%8E%E4%B9%8B%E5%AE%B6/</nowiki>

paragraphs: Yu, Hui. “Liming Family.” China Development Brief. Accessed October 7, 2018. <nowiki>http://www.chinadevelopmentbrief.org.cn/news-13830.html</nowiki>


title: Lee Chih-Kai

paragraphs: Lee Chih-Kai (born April 3, 1996) is a Taiwanese male artistic gymnast and a star in the documentary movies Jump! Boys and Jump! Men. Lee’s signature movement is “Thomas Flairs” in the pommel horse routines. He is the first Taiwanese gymnast who qualified for the Olympic games since the 2000 Sydney Olympic games. Lee won gold medals in the pommel horse event in the 2017 Taipei Universiade and the 2018 Indonesia Asian Games.

paragraphs: Lee Chih-Kai was born in Yilan County, Taiwan. He started training as an artistic gymnast at six years old when he met his coach, Lin Yu-Shin. Lee joined the gymnastic team when he studied in Gong Jheng Elementary School located in Luo-Dong Township. Lee was nicknamed “Market boy Kai” because he liked to perform his gymnastic skills in the traditional market where his parents worked. At the beginning of his career, Lee started practicing a difficult element named “Thomas Flairs”, which was commonly performed on the floor in gymnastics. Because of his coach’s suggestion, Lee moved the Thomas Flairs into his pommel horse routine when he studied in the middle school.

paragraphs: When Lee Chih-Kai was 15, he left his hometown Yilan county and moved to Taoyuan city, where Lin Yu-Shin coached a university gymnastic team. Lee practiced with the team in the early morning before going to school and returned to the gym after school. During high school, he practiced at least 8 hours per day. His coach said that Lee was not the most talented gymnast, but was the most hard-working one.

paragraphs: In 2013, Lee Chih-Kai joined the adult national team training program, which pursued to attend the 2014 Incheon Asian Games, and trained at the National Sports Training Center. Before Lee went to National Taiwan Sport University (NTSU), he had several competition experiences and was regarded as an upcoming star of Taiwanese gymnastics.

paragraphs: Lee Chih-Kai made his debut as a member of the national team participating in the 2014 Incheon Asian Game, where he was eventually ranked as 6 in the individual all-round event, 8 in the floor exercise event, and 5 in the vault event. In 2015, Lee represented National Taiwan Sport University (NTSU), where he studied, at the National Intercollegiate Athletic Games. He won the silver medal in the individual all-round event and three gold medals in the floor exercise, pommel horse, and parallel bars events. In this game, he again hurt shoulder and wrists, which were injured before.

paragraphs: In April 2016, Lee passed the Olympic Test Events and qualified for the 2016 Rio Olympic games. He was the first gymnast to qualify the Olympics since the 2000 Sydney Olympic games. Lee was diagnosed with a broken right shinbone and a sprained right ankle one month before the Olympic game. Lee lost the chance to move to the finals because these injuries affected his performance. After the failure in the Olympic game, Lee started training overseas. In addition, his coach helped him adapt to stressful environments by imitating the crowds and noisy environment when he was practicing.

paragraphs: In August 2017, Lee Chih-Kai won the gold medal in the pommel horse event in the Taipei by performing his signature “Thomas Flairs” movement in the routine. Lee was the first Taiwanese male gymnast who won the gold medal in the pommel horse event. With this win, he broke his best personal record in international competitions. Lee’s Thomas Flairs movement has been included in the teaching template of the International Federation of Gymnastics (FIG). In addition, his dismounting movement is regarded as the standard movement in the international gymnastic referee training conference.

paragraphs: In the 2018 Indonesia Asian Games, Lee Chih-Kai won the gold medal in the pommel horse, which is the first gold medal in Asian Games in Taiwanese gymnastic history. In November of the same year, Lee won the bronze medal in the 2018 Doha World Challenge Cup.

paragraphs: Lee Chih-Kai was one of seven young players on the gymnastic team in Gong Jheng Elementary School of Luo-Dong Township, Yilan County, Taiwan. "Jump! Boys" is the documentary movie about the training processes and the life stories of the gymnastic team. The movie was directed by Taiwanese director, Lin Yu-Hsien and premiered in 2005. Because of "Jump! Boys", Taiwanese people started to show the interest in Lee Chih-Kai and Taiwanese Gymnastics.

paragraphs: Because Lee Chih-Kai announced that his career goal was entering the Olympics at the end of "Jump! Boys", the director, Lin Yu-Hsien, decided to make a follow-up movie "Jump! Men" with Lee Chih-Kai’s casting in the main role. The movie started shooting in 2015 and recorded Lee’s training process and several competitions. Lee’s frustration in the 2016 Rio Olympic games was also included in the movie. "Jump! Men" ended with Lee winning the gold medal in the pommel horse event in the 2017 Taipei Summer Universiade. The movie was published in October 2017.


title: Bagnères-de-Luchon

paragraphs: Bagnères-de-Luchon (), also called Luchon, is a commune and spa town in the Haute-Garonne department in the Occitanie region of southwest France.


title: Itasca County, Minnesota

paragraphs: Itasca County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2010, 45,058 people lived there. The county seat is Grand Rapids.


title: Jackson County, Minnesota

paragraphs: Jackson County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2010, 10,266 people lived there. The county seat is Jackson.


title: Grand Rapids, Minnesota

paragraphs: Grand Rapids is a city in the state of Minnesota in the United States. It is the county seat of Itasca County.


title: Kanabec County, Minnesota

paragraphs: Kanabec County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2010, 16,239 people lived there. The county seat is Mora.


title: Kandiyohi County, Minnesota

paragraphs: Kandiyohi County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2010, 42,239 people lived there. The county seat is Willmar.


title: Kittson County, Minnesota

paragraphs: Kittson County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2010, 4,552 people lived there. The county seat is Hallock. It is on the border with Canada.


title: Rock County, Minnesota

paragraphs: Rock County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2010, 9,687 people lived there. The county seat is Luverne.


title: Lac qui Parle County, Minnesota

paragraphs: Lac qui Parle County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2010, 7,259 people lived there. The county seat is Madison.


title: Lake County, Minnesota

paragraphs: Lake County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2010, 10,866 people lived there. The county seat is Two Harbors.


title: Koochiching County, Minnesota

paragraphs: Koochiching County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2010, 13,311 people lived there. The county seat is International Falls.


title: Lake of the Woods County, Minnesota

paragraphs: Lake of the Woods County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2010, 4,045 people lived there. The county seat is Baudette.


title: Lincoln County, Minnesota

paragraphs: Lincoln County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2010, 5,896 people lived there. The county seat is Ivanhoe.


title: Lyon County, Minnesota

paragraphs: Lyon County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2010, 25,857 people lived there. The county seat is Marshall.


title: Mahnomen County, Minnesota

paragraphs: Mahnomen County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2010, 5,413 people lived there. The county seat is Mahnomen.


title: Marshall County, Minnesota

paragraphs: Marshall County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2010, 9,439 people lived there. The county seat is Warren.


title: BLS AG

paragraphs: BLS AG is a Swiss train company. It was founded in 2006.


title: Oberwil, Basel-Landschaft

paragraphs: Oberwil is a municipality of the district of Arlesheim in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.


title: More4

paragraphs: More4 is a British free-to-air television channel owned by Channel 4 Television Corporation. It was launched in 2005. Despite the advertising communication that it would, the latter of, be free-to-air on satellite television, More4 was not free-to-air on Sky and was encrypted under Sky's NDS until 2008 when it became free-to-air and no longer need to have a package to the encrypted under NDS. It joined the BBC's and ITV's new satelite platform, Freesat, on the same day (6 May 2008).


title: Sky2

paragraphs: Sky2 is a British entertainment television channel that launched in 1997 and, later 2002. It comes from the original broadcast which broadcast on analogue platforms for a year from 1996. Sky2 Broadcast from 7:00 PM to 6:00 AM nightly, timesharing with another new channel, Fox Kids (now Disney XD), before extending its hours to 10:00 PM. Another broadcasting was The Death of Princess, which was aired at 5:00 Am, before closing on 31 July 1997. The programmes included Road Wars, Party Wars, and the simulcast of Sky Sports. The current channel began broadcasting (as Sky One Mix) in December 2002. Sky2 became a 1-hour timeshift of Sky One on 10 May 2010, showing programmes one-hour later or the channel ceased as a standard channel. On 9 August 2010, Sky Two ceased a 1-hour timeshift of Sky One and replaced back to its standalone programming not shown on Sky One (some Sky One programmes are often broadcast on Sky2).


title: Blaine Higgs

paragraphs: Blaine Higgs (born March 1, 1954) is a Canadian politician. He is the 34th and current Premier of New Brunswick since 2018 and leader of the New Brunswick Progressive Conservative Party since 2016.

paragraphs: Higgs was first elected to the legislature in the 2010 provincial election and was Minister of Finance from 2010 to 2014 in the government of David Alward.

paragraphs: Blaine Higgs was born in Woodstock, New Brunswick. He completed graduation from the University of New Brunswick as an engineer. He worked for 33 years for a company named Irving Oil where he rose to the rank of a senior executive. His works include overseeing oil transportation across eastern Canada and New England. He retired from Irving Oil in 2010.


title: Hiwi Tauroa

paragraphs: Edward Te Rangihiwinui "Hiwi" Tauroa (1927 – 11 December 2018) was a Māori rugby union player, school principal, and civil servant. He was born in Hawera, New Zealand. He was the principal of Wesley College from 1968, before becoming the principal of Tuakau College in 1974.

paragraphs: Tauroa was originally best known for his rugby career, and played for the New Zealand national rugby union team, the "All Blacks," from 1951 to 1954. He became coach of the Counties Rugby Union in the 1970s.

paragraphs: In 1979, he was appointed New Zealand's Race Relations Commissioner. He also was chairman of Te Māngai Pāho and the New Zealand Sports Foundation. Tauroa was made a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George in 1994.

paragraphs: Taurua died on 11 December 2018 in Hokianga, New Zealand aged 91.


title: Mary Lou McDonald

paragraphs: Mary Louise McDonald (born 1 May 1969) is an Irish Sinn Féin politician. In June 2020, she became Leader of the Opposition. She is the Leader of Sinn Féin since February 2018 and Teachta Dála (TD) for Dublin Central since the 2011 general election. She was Deputy Leader of Sinn Féin from 2009 to 2018 and Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for Dublin from 2004 to 2009.

paragraphs: On 10 February 2018, McDonald replaced longtime party leader Gerry Adams after a special election in Dublin.


title: Iraj Danaeifard

paragraphs: Iraj Danaeifard (11 March 1951 – 12 December 2018) was an Iranian football player. He played most of his career for Taj (currently Esteghlal) and also Iran national football team. He was born in Tehran.

paragraphs: Danaeifard died on 12 December 2018 in Shiraz from a heart attack, aged 67.


title: Ferenc Kósa

paragraphs: Ferenc Kósa (21 November 1937 – 12 December 2018) was a Hungarian movie director and screenwriter. He was born in Nyíregyháza, Hungary. He directed thirteen movies between 1961 and 1988. He won the award for Best Director at the 1967 Cannes Film Festival for the movie "Ten Thousand Days". He also directed "The Upthrown Stone" (1969).

paragraphs: Kósa died on 12 December 2018 in Budapest at the age of 81.


title: Creepypasta

paragraphs: Creepypastas are horror-related legends or images that have been copied and pasted around the Internet. These Internet stories are often short, user-generated, ghost stories meant to scare readers. They include gruesome tales of murder, suicide, and otherworldly occurrences.

paragraphs: According to "Time" magazine, the genre had its peak audience in 2010 when it was covered by "The New York Times."

paragraphs: Famous creepypastas include Slender Man, "Jeff the Killer", "Candle Cove" and "Ted the Caver".

paragraphs: After a 12-year old committed stabbings in the name of Slender Man, some creppypaster administrators told their viewers that these stories have a fine line between reality and fiction.


title: Jean-Robert de Cavel

paragraphs: Jean-Robert de Cavel (born September 12, 1961) is a French-American celebrity chef He was Chef de cuisine at The Maisonette from 1993-2002, Executive chef at Jean-Robert at Pigall's from 2002-2009, and now works at Jean-Robert's Table, Le Bar a Boeuf and French Crust Cafe. His career is based in Cincinnati, Ohio. He was born in Roubaix, France.

paragraphs: In 2003 de Cavel and his wife Annette founded the de Cavel Family SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome) Foundation following the death of their first child, Tatiana. De Cavel has four times been a semifinalist for the James Beard Best Chef in the Great Lakes Region, in 2008, 2009, 2012, and 2013.

paragraphs: De Cavel was diagnosed with an aggressive form of leiomyosarcoma in May 2018.


title: Leiomyosarcoma

paragraphs: Leiomyosarcoma, also referred to as LMS, is a malignant (cancerous) smooth muscle tumor. It is a benign tumor originating from the same tissue called leiomyoma. It has been believed that leiomyosarcomas do not arise from leiomyomas.

paragraphs: About 1 in 100,000 people gets diagnosed with LMS each year. Leiomyosarcoma is one of the more common types of soft-tissue sarcoma, representing 10 percent to 20 percent of new cases. Leiomyosarcomas can be very unpredictable. They can remain dormant for long periods of time and recur after years. The cancer is aggressive and hardly responds to chemotherapy treatments.


title: Sedalia, Missouri

paragraphs: Sedalia is a city in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is in the west-central area of the state. It is the county seat of Pettis County, Missouri.

paragraphs: Sedalia is where the Missouri State Fair takes place every year.

paragraphs: At the 2010 census, 21,387 people lived in the city.


title: Mark Udall

paragraphs: Mark Emery Udall (born July 18, 1950) is an American politician. He was the United States Senator from Colorado from 2009 to 2015. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

paragraphs: Before the Senate, he was in the United States House of Representatives, representing .


title: Newar people

paragraphs: Newar (; ; endonym: Newa:; , Prachalit Script: 𑐣𑐾𑐰𑐵𑑅), or Nepami, are the historical inhabitants of the Nepal Mandala which consists of Nepa Valley and its surrounding areas in Nepal and the creators of its historic heritage and civilization.

paragraphs: Newar people have developed a division of labor and a sophisticated urban civilization not seen elsewhere in the Himalayan foothills. Newar people have continued their age-old traditions and practices and pride themselves as the true custodians of the religion, culture and civilization of Nepal. They are the historical inhabitants of the Kathmandu Valley and its surrounding areas in Nepal and the creators of its historic heritage and civilisation. Newars form a linguistic and cultural community of primarily Indo-Aryan and Tibeto-Burman ethnicities following Hinduism and Buddhism with Nepal Bhasa as their common language.

paragraphs: The Kathmandu Valley and surrounding territories constituted the former Newar kingdom of the Nepal Mandala. Unlike other common-origin ethnic or caste groups of Nepal, the Newar people are regarded as an example of a nation community with a relic identity, derived from an ethnically-diverse, previously-existing polity. Newar civilization within it consists of various strands of ethnic, racial, caste and religious heterogeneity, as they are the descendants of the diverse group of people that have lived in Nepal Mandala since prehistoric times.


title: Gong

paragraphs: A gong is an East and Southeast Asian musical percussion instrument. It is a bowl-shaped, circular metal disc which a person hits with a mallet or thick padded stick.

paragraphs: Gongs produce two distinct types of sound. A gong with a flat surface gives a "crash" rather than a tuned note. In Indonesian gamelan ensembles, some gongs are made to give a beat note in the range from about 1 to 5 Hz. The use of the term "gong" for both these types of instrument is common.


title: Kathmandu Valley

paragraphs: The Kathmandu Valley (, Nepal Bhasa: स्वनिगः, नेपाः गाः), historically known as Nepal Valley or Nepa Valley, lies at the crossroads of ancient civilizations of South Asia and the broader Asian continent, and has at least 130 important monuments, including several pilgrimage sites for Hindus and Buddhists. There are seven World Heritage Sites within the valley.

paragraphs: Historically, the valley and adjoining areas made up a confederation known as the Nepal Mandala. Until the 15th century, Khwopa was its capital, when two other capitals, Kathmandu and Yala, were established. After the annexation of the valley by the Gorkha Kingdom, and subsequent conversion of the Valley as the capital of their empire, the designation of "Nepal" was extended to all the lands they had conquered.


title: Tower 42

paragraphs: Tower 42, previously known as the NatWest tower or National Westminster Tower is a skyscraper in the City of London, England. From the top the design of the building is made to resemble the NatWest logo.

paragraphs: It was constructed between 1971 and 1980, first occupied in 1980 and opened on 11 June 1981 by Queen Elizabeth II. When completed it became the tallest building in the United Kingdom and remained the tallest in the city of London for 30 years until the completion of Heron Tower in December 2009.

paragraphs: The cost to build it was £72 million (£283 million today). The building today has grade A office spaces, a restaurant on the 24th floor and a champagne and seafood bar on the 42nd floor.

paragraphs: Current tenants of the building include:

paragraphs: In June 2012, a Capix LED multi-media lighting system was installed around levels 39 to 45. This replaced the previous high-energy floodlighting at the top of the building.

paragraphs: The top of the tower is made to resemble the NatWest logo of three chevrons in a hexagonal arrangement.

paragraphs: There are four sections known as the core, leaf 1, leaf 2 and leaf 3.


title: Yigal Bashan

paragraphs: Yigal Bashan (September 11, 1950 December 9, 2018) was an Israeli singer, songwriter, and actor. He was awarded the ACUM Prize for Life Achievement in 2016.

paragraphs: Bashan was a member of the pop trio "Kmo Tzoanim" (Hebrew: "Like Gypsies") that appeared on the "Hopa Hey" Israeli children's television show.


title: United States ten-dollar bill

paragraphs: The United States ten-dollar bill ($10) is a denomination of U.S. currency.


title: The Ellen Show

paragraphs: The Ellen Show is a television sitcom created by and starring Ellen DeGeneres. It was broadcast in 2001 and 2002 on CBS. It was the second sitcom that DeGeneres's made. The first one was called "Ellen", and was shown on ABC from 1994 to 1998. It was canceled after 13 episodes because it did not have strong ratings.

paragraphs: After coming out as a lesbian on her first sitcom, DeGeneres's character on "The Ellen Show", Ellen Richmond, was also a lesbian.

paragraphs: "The Ellen Show" also starred Cloris Leachman, Martin Mull, Kerri Kenney, Jim Gaffigan, and Emily Rutherfurd. The show was created by Carol Leifer and Mitchell Hurwitz, who co-wrote the pilot episode. The first title of the show was "Ellen Again".

paragraphs: After her internet company Homelearn.com goes bankrupt, Ellen Richmond decides to move back to the town she is from to live with her eccentric mother, Dot, and wikt:disorganized sister, Catherine. At home, Ellen meets the guy who was her senior prom date, named Rusty. They think they can continue their romantic relationship where they left off. Ellen also meets her silly high school teacher, Mr. Munn. Though she is a long ways apart from the people who love her, Ellen gets used to a very different way of life. Ellen takes a job as a guidance counselor at the high school she went to.

paragraphs: "The Ellen Show" made 18 episodes, but was canceled part-way through its season. The final 5 episodes were never broadcast, but are available on DVD.

paragraphs: The whole series was put on Region 1 DVD by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment on July 11, 2006.

paragraphs: In 2014, Mill Creek Entertainment bought the rights to the series. They re-made the full series on February 4, 2014.

paragraphs: The company Paramount Pictures Home Entertainment, in partnership with CBS Home Entertainment, owns the international rights. The full series was released in Region 4 (Australia) as a 2 DVD set on February 1, 2017 by a company called Umbrella Entertainment.


title: Gringo (ethnic slur)

paragraphs: Gringo is a Spanish and Portuguese term used mostly in Latin America to denote foreigners, specially people from the United States, Canada, and UK. The term may be considered pejorative or offensive depending on the context it is used.

paragraphs: In Brazil, the term is used to refer to any foreigner, regardless of their ethnicity or nationality, even when it comes to other Latin-Americans, and unlike Spanish, in Portuguese the term has any pejorative connotation.

paragraphs: The most supported theory is that the term originates from the word "griego" ('Greek'), used in the same way as the English phrase "it's all Greek to me". Some theories assert that the term originated in the Mexican-American War, when American troops sang a song which began with "Green grows..." such as "Green Grow the Rushes, O", "Green Grow the Lilacs", among others.


title: Tony Smith

paragraphs: Anthony David Hawthorn Smith (born 13 March 1967) is an Australian politician. He is the 30th and current Speaker of the House of Representatives since taking office on 10 August 2015. He has been a Liberal Party member of the House of Representatives since 2001. He represents the Division of Casey, Victoria.


title: Ian Sinclair

paragraphs: Ian McCahon Sinclair (born 10 June 1929) is an Australian politician. H was leader of the National Party from 1984 to 1989. He was a government minister under six different prime ministers. He was the Speaker of the House of Representatives from March to November 1998.

paragraphs: Sinclair was born in Sydney, New South Wales.

paragraphs: In January 2001, he was appointed a Companion of the Order of Australia (AC).


title: Bronwyn Bishop

paragraphs: Bronwyn Kathleen Bishop (née Setright; born 19 October 1942) is an Australian politician and political commentator. She was a member of federal parliament for almost 30 years. Bishop is a member of the Liberal Party. She was a minister in the Howard Government from 1996 to 2001 and Speaker of the House of Representatives from 2013 to 2015.


title: Billy Snedden

paragraphs: Sir Billy Mackie Snedden (31 December 1926 – 27 June 1987) was an Australian politician. He was the leader of the Liberal Party from 1972 to 1975, which made him Leader of the Opposition during that tenure. He was also a cabinet minister from 1964 to 1972, and Speaker of the House of Representatives from 1976 to 1983.

paragraphs: Snedden was born in West Perth, Western Australia. He studied at Highgate State School, Perth Boys' School and at Perth Technical College. Snedden was in the Royal Australian Air Force during World War II. In 1950, he married Joy Forsyth. They had four children together.

paragraphs: On 27 June 1987, Snedden died at his home in Ruschcutters Bay, New South Wales, near Sydney of a heart attack while having sex with his son's ex-girlfriend. He was 60 years old.


title: Gordon Scholes

paragraphs: Gordon Glen Denton Scholes AO (7 June 1931 – 9 December 2018) was an Australian politician. He was in the House of Representatives from 1967 to 1993, representing the Labor Party.

paragraphs: Scholes was Speaker of the House of Representatives from 1975 to 1976, and then a minister in the Hawke Government from 1983 to 1987. He was Minister for Defence from 193 to 1984.

paragraphs: He was born in Melbourne, Victoria. Scholes died on 9 December 2018 in Geelong, Victoria, aged 87.


title: Pentti Tiusanen

paragraphs: Pentti Uolevi Tiusanen (6 March 1949 – 8 December 2018) was a Finnish politician. He was born in Kotka, Finland. He was a member of Finnish Parliament, representing the Left Alliance. He was elected to Finnish Parliament in 1995. He left office in 2011.

paragraphs: Tiusanen died on 8 December 2018 from stomach cancer in Helsinki, aged 69.


title: James Lyons (admiral)

paragraphs: James Aloysius "Ace" Lyons Jr. (September 28, 1927 – December 12, 2018) was an American admiral in the United States Navy. He was Commander of the United States Pacific Fleet from 1985 to 1987. He was born in New Jersey. Lyons was known for writing a column about Seth Rich, a murdered lobbyist, that was retracted by "The Washington Times". Lyons claimed Hillary Clinton was responsible for the killing.

paragraphs: Lyons died on December 12, 2018 from respiratory failure in Warrenton, Virginia at the age of 91.


title: William Newsom

paragraphs: William Alfred Newsom III (February 15, 1934 – December 12, 2018) was an American politician and lawyer. He was born in San Francisco, California. He was an administrator of the Getty family trust. He was the father of California governor Gavin Newsom.

paragraphs: In 1975, Jerry Brown appointed Newsom to the Superior Court bench in Auburn (Placer County) and later to the state Court of Appeal in San Francisco, where he was until 1995.

paragraphs: Newsom died on December 12, 2018, at his home, in San Francisco, California, aged 84.


title: Seán Garland

paragraphs: Seán Garland (7 March 1934 – 13 December 2018) was an Irish politician. He was born in Dublin. He was a member of the Workers' Party. He was General-Secretary of the Party from 1977 to 1990. Garland was the Workers' Party representative at the National Forum on Europe. In 2000, he was elected President of the Workers' Party.

paragraphs: Garland died on 13 December 2018 in Dublin at the age of 84.


title: Noah Klieger

paragraphs: Noah Klieger (; July 31, 1925 – December 13, 2018) was an Israeli journalist and sports administrator. He was born in Strasbourg, France. As a journalist, he worked for "L'Équipe".

paragraphs: During the Holocaust Klieger survived the concentration camps Auschwitz, Mittelbau-Dora, and Ravensbruck. After World War II, he worked as a sports journalist in Israel. He was the president of the basketball club Maccabi Tel Aviv and chairman of the International Basketball Federation (FIBA)'s media council.

paragraphs: In 2010 Noah Klieger was awarded the FIBA Order of Merit, and 2015 he was inducted into FIBA Hall of Fame for his contributions to international basketball.

paragraphs: In 2012 he became a Knight of the Legion of Honour (Legion d'Honneur), France's award for civilian merit.

paragraphs: Klieger died on December 13, 2018 in Ramat Gan, Israel, from complications of heart disease, aged 92.


title: Nancy Wilson (jazz singer)

paragraphs: Nancy Sue Wilson (February 20, 1937 – December 13, 2018) was an American jazz singer and actress. Her career began in 1950 and she retired in 2011. She was born in Chillicothe, Ohio.

paragraphs: Wilson won three Grammy Awards for her recordings. She was known as "Sweet Nancy", "The Baby", "Fancy Miss Nancy" and "The Girl With the Honey-Coated Voice". Her best known works were "(You Don't Know) How Glad I Am", "I Wanna Be With You", and "Uptight (Everything's Alright)".

paragraphs: Wilson died from kidney cancer on December 13, 2018, at her home in Pioneertown, California at the age of 81.


title: Pioneertown, California

paragraphs: Pioneertown, California, is an unincorporated community of the Morongo Basin region of San Bernardino's High Desert in California, United States. , Pioneertown had a population of 350.

paragraphs: In July 2006, parts of Pioneertown were burned in the Sawtooth Complex fire, which also burned into Yucca Valley and Morongo Valley.


title: Sheshan

paragraphs: Sheshan is the name for a pair of hills in Songjiang District in Shanghai, China. These two hills are West Sheshan, which is 97 meters high, and East Sheshan, which is 100.8 meters high.

paragraphs: The Chinese name is "Shéshān" (佘山). "Shé" (佘) is the name of a Chinese family, and "shān" (山) is a word that can mean "mountain", "mountains", "hill", or "hills". Some people say that the hills' name used to be "Shéshān" (蛇山), meaning "Snake Hill", but that the Chinese character was changed because people don't like snakes.

paragraphs: The hills are part of a forest park that is 64.08 square kilometers big. The park is open from 8 to 4:30 .

paragraphs: The top of the West Hill has Our Lady of Sheshan Catholic Church and the Sheshan Observatory. The East Hill has an amusement park.

paragraphs: Sheshan Station is a Shanghai Subway station on Line 9.


title: Dutch Cross of Resistance

paragraphs: The Verzetskruis 1940–1945 (Dutch: "Cross of Resistance 1940–1945") is the second highest military medal in the Netherlands given for bravery. It was awarded to members of the Dutch resistance. They were civilians who fought the Nazi occupation of their country during the Second World War.


title: SAM Colombia Flight 501

paragraphs: SAM Colombia Flight 501 was a SAM Colombia Boeing 727-46 that crashed on May 19, 1993, killing all 132 on board, including several Panamanian dentists on their way to a convention. The crew reported over the Abejorral NDB beacon at FL160, approaching Medellín. The flight was then cleared to descend to FL120. The 727 had actually not yet reached the beacon, and descended into mountainous terrain. The flight struck Mount Paramo Frontino at 12,300 feet. Thunderstorm activity in the area made ADF navigation more difficult and the Medellín VOR/DME had been attacked by terrorists and was unserviceable.