title: Iğdır

paragraphs: Iğdır is a city in eastern Turkey. The city is in the Eastern Anatolia Region. In 2009, 76,950 people lived there.


title: Kırşehir

paragraphs: Kırşehir is a city in Turkey. The city is in the Central Anatolia Region. In 2013, 131,997 people lived there.


title: Kahramanmaraş

paragraphs: Kahramanmaraş is a city in southern Turkey. The city is in the Mediterranean Region. In 2013, 1,075,706 people lived there.


title: Zonguldak

paragraphs: Zonguldak is a city in northern Turkey. The city is in the Karadeniz Region. In 2013, 125,914 people lived there.


title: Samsun

paragraphs: Samsun is a city in northern Turkey next to the Black Sea. About 600,000 people live in Samsun.


title: Karabük

paragraphs: Karabük is a city in northern Turkey. The city is in the Karadeniz Region. In 2013, 124,711 people lived there.


title: Mickey Duff

paragraphs: Mickey Duff (born Monek Prager; 7 June 1929 – 22 March 2014) was a Polish-born English boxer, manager and promoter. He promoted and managed many British boxers, including Frank Bruno, Joe Calzaghe, John Conteh, Terry Downes, Lloyd Honeyghan, Maurice Hope, Charlie Magri, Alan Minter, John H. Stracey, Jim Watt and Howard Winstone. After retiring in 1999, he was added into the International Boxing Hall of Fame.

paragraphs: He was born in Kraków to a Jewish family. His rabbi father fled with his family to the United Kingdom, escaping the Nazis, in the late 1930s. Later in life, Duff had Alzheimer's disease.

paragraphs: Duff died from natural causes on 22 March 2014 in Aldgate, London. He was 84.


title: Ray Gosling

paragraphs: Raymond Arthur "Ray" Gosling (5 May 1939 – 19 November 2013) was an English broadcaster, journalist, writer, and LGBT rights activist. He was best known for writing and presenting several hundred television and radio documentaries and regional programmes for BBC Radio 4 and Granada Television

paragraphs: Gosling was born on 5 May 1939 in Northampton, Northamptonshire. He went to Northampton Grammar School and the University of Leicester. In February 2010, he claimed during a local BBC television programme to have killed a lover in an act of euthanasia. He was arrested, but the claims were not real and he was given a suspended sentence for wasting police time.

paragraphs: Gosling died on 19 November 2013 at the Queen's Medical Centre in Nottingham, Nottinghamshire. He was 74 years old.


title: Wayne Maki

paragraphs: Wayne Maki (November 20, 1944 – May 12, 1974) was a Canadian ice hockey left winger. Maki played 246 games in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played with the Chicago Black Hawks, St. Louis Blues, and Vancouver Canucks.

paragraphs: Before playing in the NHL, Maki played 56 games with the St. Catharines Black Hawks of the OHA and 2 seasons with the St. Louis Braves of the CPHL. He started his NHL career in 1967 with the Chicago Black Hawks where he played with his brother Chico Maki. He played 50 games with the Black Hawks and 62 games with their minor-league affiliate Dallas Black Hawks. Maki was picked up by the St. Louis Blues in 1969.

paragraphs: On September 21, 1969, during a preseason game between the Blues and the Boston Bruins, Maki got into a bloody, violent stick-swinging fight with Bruins defenceman "Terrible" Ted Green. As a result of the fight, Maki suffered a fractured skull and a brain injury. Maki was suspended for 30 days and fined. He was later sent down to the AHL to play 39 games with the Buffalo Bisons.

paragraphs: During the 1970 NHL Expansion Draft, Maki was claimed by the Vancouver Canucks 24th overall. He became a star with team and was one of the Canucks leading scorers in his 2 full seasons with them. Maki's career was cut short when he found out that he was diagnosed with brain cancer in December 1972. He died from the cancer on May 12, 1974, he was only 29. His jersey number #11 was retired by the Canucks until Mark Messier who wore the number during his time with the Edmonton Oilers and New York Rangers played for them.


title: Bobby Burns (ice hockey)

paragraphs: Robert Andrew Burns (April 4, 1905 – d. August 12, 1995) was a Canadian ice hockey left winger. Burns played 17 games in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played with the Chicago Black Hawks. Burns spent most of his career in the American Hockey Association (AHA). In the AHA, Burns played with the Chicago Cardinals/Americans, Duluth Hornets, Minneapolis Millers, Chicago Shamrocks, St. Louis Flyers, Kansas City Pla-Mors, and the Oklahoma City/Minneapolis Warriors.

paragraphs: He retired from playing professional ice hockey in 1930. Burns died on August 12, 1995.


title: Marty Burke

paragraphs: Martin Alphonsos Burke (January 28, 1905 – March 7, 1968) was a Canadian ice hockey defenceman. Burke played 504 games in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played with the Montreal Canadiens, Chicago Black Hawks, Pittsburgh Pirates, and Ottawa Senators. Burke was able to win the Stanley Cup twice with the Montreal Canadiens in 1930 and in 1931.

paragraphs: Burke retired from playing professional ice hockey in 1938. After he retired, Burke became the coach of the Calgary Stampeders of the ASHL/ABCSL/WCSHL. He was the head coach for 4 seasons and the associate coach for 1 season. Burke died on March 7, 1968.


title: Barack Obama Presidential Center

paragraphs: The Barack Obama Presidential Library and Museum is a planned presidential library for Barack Obama, the 44th President of the United States. The foundation is officially founded in January 2014. On April 30, 2015, it was confirmed that the Obama Presidential Library will be located in Jackson Park in Woodlawn, Chicago, Illinois.


title: Farley Mowat

paragraphs: Farley McGill Mowat (May 12, 1921 – May 6, 2014) was a Canadian author and environmentalist. He wrote many famous Canadian novels such as "People of the Deer" (1952) and "Never Cry Wolf" (1963).

paragraphs: Mowat was born in Belleville, Ontario. He studied at the University of Toronto. Farley Mowat died on May 6, 2014 in Port Hope, Ontario, less than one week before his 93rd birthday.


title: Shea Weber

paragraphs: Shea Michael Weber (born August 14, 1985) is a Canadian ice hockey defenceman. He currently plays for the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League (NHL). He serves as their captain.

paragraphs: Before playing in the NHL, Weber played 3 seasons with the Kelowna Rockets of the Western Hockey League (WHL). During his time there, he was able to win the Memorial Cup with the Rockets and won the WHL airBC Trophy as the Most Valuable Player in the Playoffs.

paragraphs: He was drafted with the 49th overall pick by the Nashville Predators in the 2003 NHL Entry Draft. On July 8, 2010, he was named the fifth captain in Nashville Predators history, replacing Jason Arnott, who was traded to the New Jersey Devils. He became the youngest captain in Predators history and was the only captain of the Predators to have been drafted by the team.

paragraphs: During the 2012 offseason, the Predators were unable to take Weber to arbitration again (a player can only be subjected to team-elected arbitration once in his career). Weber signed a front-loaded $110 million, 14-year offer sheet, $68 million of it as a signing bonus, with the Philadelphia Flyers on July 19. It was the richest contract in NHL history in terms of total money, money per season, and length, which surpassed the previous offer sheet record set by Thomas Vanek. The Predators, who had already lost Weber's defensive partner Ryan Suter to unrestricted free agency, were able to match the offer sheet five days later.

paragraphs: On June 29th 2016, Shea Weber was traded to the Montreal Canadiens for P.K. Subban.


title: Daniel Díaz Torres

paragraphs: Daniel Díaz Torres (31 December 1948 – 16 September 2013) was a Cuban movie director and screenwriter. He directed sixteen movies between 1975 and 2013. His best known movie was "Alice in Wondertown" (1991), which gained him international notability.

paragraphs: Díaz Torres died after a long illness on 16 September 2013 in his hometown of Havana. He was 65 years old.


title: Raphaël Varane

paragraphs: Raphaël Varane (born 25 April 1993) is a French football player. He plays for Real Madrid and the France national football team as a centre back.


title: Niğde

paragraphs: Niğde is a city in southern Turkey. The city is in the Central Anatolia Region. In 2013, 201,597 people lived there.


title: Rize

paragraphs: Rize is a city in northern Turkey. The city is in the Karadeniz Region. In 2013, 139,150 people lived there.


title: Osmaniye

paragraphs: Osmaniye is a city in southern Turkey. The city is in the Mediterranean Region. In 2013, 244,195 people lived there.


title: Bernie McGann

paragraphs: Bernard Francis "Bernie" McGann (22 June 1937 – 17 September 2013) was an Australian jazz alto saxophone player. He began his career in the late 1950s. He stayed active as a performer, composer and recording artist until his death. He was born in Granville, New South Wales.

paragraphs: McGann died from complications following heart surgery on the night of 17 September 2014 in Sydney. He was 76 years old.


title: Kåre Valebrokk

paragraphs: Kåre Valebrokk (17 December 1940 – 9 February 2013) was a Norwegian journalist, editor and television executive. He was editor-in-chief and administrative director of TV 2 from October 1999 until June 2007, when he retired. He was the father of economist and editor Per Valebrokk (born 1972). He was born in Kristiansand, Vest-Agder.

paragraphs: Valebrokk died from in his sleep from natural causes on 9 February 2013 in Oslo. He was 72 years old.


title: Adıyaman

paragraphs: Adıyaman is a city in southern Turkey. The city is in the Southeastern Anatolia Region. In 2013, 279,037 people lived there.


title: Afyonkarahisar

paragraphs: Afyonkarahisar is a city in western Turkey. The city is in the Central Anatolia Region. In 2013, 268,461 people lived there.


title: Ağrı

paragraphs: Ağrı is a city in northern Turkey. The city is in the Eastern Anatolia Region. In 2013, 145,357 people lived there.


title: Aksaray

paragraphs: Aksaray is a city in northern Turkey. The city is in the Central Anatolia Region. In 2013, 273,999 people lived there.


title: Amasya

paragraphs: Amasya is a city in northern Turkey. The city is in the Amasya Province and is in the mountains near the Black Sea coast. In 2013, 134,434 people lived there.


title: Ardahan

paragraphs: Ardahan is a city in northeastern Turkey. The city is in the Eastern Anatolia Region. In 2013, 40,874 people lived there.


title: Artvin

paragraphs: Artvin is a city in northeastern Turkey. The city is in the Karadeniz Region. In 2013, 33,415 people lived there.


title: Çankırı

paragraphs: Çankırı is a city in northern Turkey. The city is in the Central Anatolia. In 2010, 85,073 people lived there.


title: Bingöl

paragraphs: Bingöl is a city in eastern Turkey. The city is in the Eastern Anatolia Region. In 2007, 86,511 people lived there.


title: Yashwant Vithoba Chittal

paragraphs: Yashwant Vithoba Chittal (3 August 1928 – 23 March 2014) was a leading Indian fiction writer. His work was mostly in Kannada language. He won four Sahitya Akademi Awards, one Dr. Masti Award, and one Adikavi Pampa Award. He was born in Bankikodla-Hanehalli, Uttara Kannada.

paragraphs: Chittal died after a brief illness on 23 March 2014 at a private hospital in Mumbai. He was 85 years old. He was outlived by his wife and two sons.


title: Patrice Wymore

paragraphs: Patrice "Pat" Wymore (December 17, 1926 – March 22, 2014) was an American actress and singer. She was best known as a movie, television, and stage actress during the 1950s and 1960s. She was born in Miltonvale, Kansas. She was married to Australian actor, Errol Flynn, from 1950 until his death in 1959.

paragraphs: Wymore died after a long illness on March 22, 2014 in Portland, Jamaica. She was 87 years old.


title: People's Palace

paragraphs: The People's Palace is a large building in Bucharest, Romania. It was built by the then-dictator Nicolae Ceauşescu in the 1980s. Today the Romanian Parliament meets in the building. Many Parliament members have offices inside. The building faces an avenue built to look like the Champs-Élysées in Paris.


title: Mark Kozelek

paragraphs: Mark Kozelek (born January 24, 1967) is an American singer.

paragraphs: In 1989 he started the rock band Red House Painters. In 1992 the band were signed to 4AD. In 2000 Kozelek released his first solo EP "Rock 'n' Roll Singer". "Pitchfork" gave it a score of 6.1 out of 10. In 2001 Red House Painters broke up. In 2002 Kozelek started Sun Kil Moon.


title: Pay driver

paragraphs: A pay driver is a professional race car driver who is hired because of the driver's wealth rather than his or her talent. Pay drivers are often the heirs to large corporations and buy their way onto top teams. Hiro Matushita, the son of the founder of the Panasonic Corporation, was a famous example of this in the 1990s. Today, Paul Menard is a pay driver in NASCAR.


title: Eleftherios Venizelos

paragraphs: Eleftherios Venizelos (full name "Elefthérios Kyriákou Venizélos", ; 23 August 1864 – 18 March 1936) was a Greek politician. He served as Prime Minister of Greece serving from 1910 to 1920 and again from 1928 to 1932.


title: Forbes Carlile

paragraphs: Forbes Carlile MBE (3 June 1921 – 2 August 2016) was an Australian athlete. He was Australia's first post-World War II Olympics swimming coach. He was later Australia's first competitor in the modern pentathlon at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki.

paragraphs: He remains the only person to have coached and later competed at the Olympic Games.


title: James Rebhorn

paragraphs: James Robert Rebhorn (September 1, 1948 – March 21, 2014) was an American character actor. He appeared in over one hundred television shows, movies, and plays. He was best known for his roles in the movies "Scent of a Woman" (1992) and "Independence Day" (1996) and for his role as Frank Mathison in the television show "Homeland". He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He moved to Anderson, Indiana during his childhood.

paragraphs: Rebhorn died after a long battle with melanoma on March 21, 2014 in South Orange, New Jersey. He was 65 years old.


title: Jaroslav Šerých

paragraphs: Jaroslav Šerých (; 27 February 1928 – 23 March 2014) was a Czech artist. He mainly worked as a painter, printmaker and illustrator. He was born in Německý Brod, Czechoslovakia (now Havlíčkův Brod, Czech Republic).

paragraphs: Šerých died on 23 March 2014 in Prague. He was 86 years old.


title: İzmit

paragraphs: Kocaeli is a city in northwestern Turkey. The city is in the Marmara Region. In 2013, 1,676,202 people lived there. The city was badly damaged and many people died in the 1999 İzmit earthquake.


title: Balıkesir

paragraphs: Balıkesir is a city in western Turkey. The city is in the Marmara Region. In 2013, 167,549 people lived there.


title: Aydın

paragraphs: Aydın is a city in northern Turkey. The city is in the Aegean Region. In 2013, 265,234 people lived there.The city is located at the heart of the lower valley of Büyük Menderes River (ancient Meander River) at a commanding position for the region extending from the uplands of the valley down to the seacoast. Its population was 207,554 in 2014.


title: Bartın

paragraphs: Bartın is a city in northern Turkey. The city is in the Karadeniz Region. In 2013, 144,273 people lived there.


title: Hill of Crosses

paragraphs: The Hill of Crosses () is a Lithuanian site of pilgrimage. It is about north of Šiauliai, in northern Lithuania.

paragraphs: No one knows when or why people started leaving crosses on the hill. It is believed that the first crosses were put up after the 1831 Uprising. It was estimated that there were 55,000 crosses in 1990 and 100,000 in 2006.

paragraphs: On September 7, 1993, Pope John Paul II visited the site and declared it a place for hope, peace, love and sacrifice.


title: Canadians

paragraphs: Canadians () are people identified with the country of Canada. the connection may be residential, legal, historical, or cultural. For most Canadians, several (or all) of these connections exist and are collectively the source of their being "Canadian". Most people who are considered "Canadian" are usually those who have Canadian Citizenship.

paragraphs: Canada is a bilingual and multicultural society home to people of many different ethnic, religious and national origins, with the majority of the population made up of Old World immigrants and their descendants.

paragraphs: Following the starting period of French and then the much larger British colonization, different waves (or peaks) of immigration and settlement of non-indigenous peoples took place over the course of nearly two centuries and continue today. Elements of Indigenous, French, British, and more recent immigrant customs, languages and religions have combined to form the culture of Canada and thus a Canadian identity.

paragraphs: Canada has also been strongly influenced by its linguistic, geographic and economic neighbour, the United States.


title: Dave Brockie

paragraphs: David Murray "Dave" Brockie (August 30, 1963 – March 23, 2014), better known by his stage name Oderus Urungus, was a Canadian and American musician. He was best known as the lead vocalist, bassist and guitarist for the American multi-genre band Gwar. He performed under such genres as thrash metal, punk rock, shock rock, heavy metal and comedy rock. He was born in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

paragraphs: Brockie was found dead by a bandmate on March 23, 2014 in Richmond, Virginia, aged 50. The cause was an accidental heroin overdose. He was given a traditional Viking funeral in a public memorial before the 5th annual GWAR-B-Q event.


title: Hyman Minsky

paragraphs: Hyman Philip Minsky (September 23, 1919 – October 24, 1996) was an American economist, a professor of economics at Washington University in St. Louis.

paragraphs: He gave an explanation of financial crises, caused by swings in a potentially fragile financial system. Minsky is sometimes described as a post-Keynesian economist because, like Keynes, he supported some government intervention in financial markets. He opposed some of the financial deregulation policies popular in the 1980s. He supported the Federal Reserve as a "lender of last resort" (which means he thought it right for the Fed to bail out banks which might go bust). He argued against too much private debt in the financial markets.

paragraphs: Minsky proposed theories were about the normal life cycle of an economy. He linked financial market fragility with speculative investment bubbles in financial markets. Minsky claimed that in prosperous times, when companies make plenty of money, an irrational euphoria develops. Soon debts exceed what borrowers can pay off from their income, which produces a financial crisis. As a result, banks and lenders tighten credit, even to companies that can afford loans. Then the economy contracts.

paragraphs: This slow movement of the financial system from stability to fragility, followed by crisis, is something for which Minsky is best known, and the phrase "Minsky moment" refers to it.

paragraphs: At the University of California, Berkeley seminars attended by Bank of America executives helped him to develop his theories. His views were published in two books, "John Maynard Keynes" (1975), a classic study of the economist and his contributions, and "Stabilizing an Unstable Economy" (1986), and more than a hundred professional articles.


title: Hiroo Onoda

paragraphs: Onoda died from heart failure due to complications from pneumonia on January 16, 2014 at St. Luke's International Hospital in Tokyo, Japan. He was 91 years old.


title: Ronald Dworkin

paragraphs: Ronald Myles Dworkin, (December 11, 1931 – February 14, 2013) was an American philosopher and scholar of constitutional law. He was Frank Henry Sommer Professor of Law and Philosophy at New York University and Emeritus Professor of Jurisprudence at University College London. He also taught at Yale Law School and the University of Oxford. He was born in Providence, Rhode Island.

paragraphs: Dworkin died from leukemia on February 14, 2013 in London, England. He was 81 years old. He was outlived by his second wife, two children and two grandchildren.


title: Tupolev Tu-22M

paragraphs: The Tupolev Tu-22M is a twin-turbojet Soviet bomber. It's a modernized variant of Tupolev Tu-22.


title: Exocrine gland

paragraphs: An exocrine gland puts out (excretes) its product by a duct. The duct goes to some environment outside the gland, either inside the body or onto the surface of the body.

paragraphs: An endocrine gland is its counterpart. It secretes its essential product directly into the bloodstream or else by diffusion into its surrounding tissue. Its product often acts on cells near the release site.


title: Andrew Vicari

paragraphs: Andrew Vicari (20 April 1938 – 3 October 2016) was a Welsh painter working in France. He painted portraits of the rich and famous. Despite being largely unknown in his own country, in 2004 Vicari was Britain's richest living painter. At one time he was the Britain 18th richest person in Britain.

paragraphs: Vicari was always a figurative artist working in oil. His work was appreciated especially in the Middle East where three museums are solely dedicated to his work.

paragraphs: In 1974 Vicari was appointed as the official painter to the King and Government of Saudi Arabia. In the years which followed he painted many portraits of the Saudi royal family, and scenes of Riyadh and Bedouin life. It is mainly due to this patronage that Vicari owes his financial success. In 2001 he sold a collection of 125 paintings of the First Gulf War to Prince Khaled for £17 million.

paragraphs: His fortune was valued at £92 million in 2006 by the Sunday Times Rich List.

paragraphs: Vicari lived and worked at his studio outside Nice, France, but he also owned apartments in Riyadh and Monte Carlo.

paragraphs: In October 2014 it was reported Vicari had filed for bankruptcy and had been in poor health.

paragraphs: Vicari died at Morriston Hospital, Swansea on 3 October 2016.


title: Alexander Ludwig

paragraphs: Alexander Ludwig (born May 7, 1992 in Vancouver, British Columbia) is a Canadian actor, voice actor, singer and model.

paragraphs: He is known for his roles as Will Stanton in the 2007 fantasy movie, "The Seeker: The Dark Is Rising", Seth in Disney's "Race to Witch Mountain", and Cato, the male tribute from District Two, in "The Hunger Games".

paragraphs: He was born in Vancouver, British Columbia. His mother, Sharlene (née Martin), is a former actress, and his father, Harald Horst Ludwig, is a businessman and the Co-Chairman of the Board for Lions Gate Entertainment Corp. He won an MTV Movie Award in 2012 for "Best Fight" with Jennifer Lawrence and Josh Hutcherson. He also won a Teen Choice Awards for "Best Villain".


title: Music industry

paragraphs: The music industry is made up of people and companies who make money by creating and selling music. Some of the people and companies included are:


title: Arthur Hiller

paragraphs: Arthur Hiller, OC (22 November 1923 – 17 August 2016) was a Canadian television and movie director. He is known for directing the 1970 romantic drama movie "Love Story". It was nominated for seven Academy Awards.

paragraphs: Hiller was born in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.


title: Abolhassan Banisadr

paragraphs: Seyyad Abolhassan Banisadr ( ; ; born 22 March 1933) is an Iranian politician, economist and human rights activist. He was the first President of Iran from 4 February 1980 after the 1979 Iranian Revolution and the abolition of the monarchy until his impeachment on 21 June 1981.


title: Mohammad Ali Rajai

paragraphs: Mohammad-Ali Rajai () (15 June 1933 – 30 August 1981) was the President of Iran from 2 to 30 August 1981 after serving as prime minister under Abolhassan Banisadr.

paragraphs: He was also minister of foreign affairs from 11 March 1981 to 15 August 1981, while he was prime minister. He was assassinated in a bombing on 30 August 1981 along with prime minister Mohammad-Javad Bahonar.


title: Doll Parts

paragraphs: "Doll Parts" is an alternative rock song by the band Hole. Courtney Love wrote the song in 1991. It became a song on their second studio album, "Live Through This", and was released in November 1994. "Doll Parts" hit #4 on "Billboard"s Modern Rock Track chart.


title: Bedtime Stories (Madonna album)

paragraphs: Bedtime Stories the sixth studio album by American singer Madonna. It was released on October 25, 1994. The album's music is very different to Madonna's previous albums as it is mainly new jack swing and R&B sounding compared to Madonna's usual pop and dance material. The songs on this album are mostly melancholy mixed with romantic themes.

paragraphs: The singles of the album were "Secret", "Take a Bow" and "Human Nature". The first song was released September 28, 1994. The last song was released June 6, 1995.


title: Don Payne (writer)

paragraphs: William Donald "Don" Payne (May 5, 1964 – March 26, 2013) was an American writer and producer. He wrote several episodes of "The Simpsons" after 2000, many of these with John Frink. He met Frink at the University of California, Los Angeles. He also wrote the movies "My Super Ex-Girlfriend" (2006), "" (2007), "Thor" (2011) and "" (2013). He was born in Wilmington, North Carolina.

paragraphs: Payne died from bone cancer on March 26, 2013 at his home in Los Angeles, California. He was 48 years old. He was outlived by his wife and children.


title: Bucket-wheel excavator

paragraphs: Bucket-wheel excavators (BWEs) are huge machines used for surface mining.

paragraphs: They are continuous digging machines in large-scale open cast mining operations. What sets BWEs apart from other large-scale mining equipment is their large wheel with a continuous pattern of buckets to scoop material as the wheel turns.

paragraphs: They are among the largest vehicles ever constructed. The biggest bucket-wheel excavator ever built, Bagger 293, is the largest terrestrial (land) vehicle in human history..

paragraphs: BWEs built since the 1990s, such as the Bagger 293, have reached sizes as large as 96 metres (314.9 feet) tall, 225 metres (738.2 feet) long, and as heavy as 14,200 metric tons (31.3 million lb). The bucket-wheel itself can be over 70 feet in diameter with as many as 20 buckets, each of which can hold over 15 cubic metres of material. BWEs are now capable of operating in extreme climates. Many BWEs have been designed to operate in climates with temperatures as low as -45°C (-49°F).


title: Harry Lewis (actor)

paragraphs: Harry L. Lewis (April 1, 1920 – June 9, 2013) was an American actor and restaurateur. He was best known for his role in "Key Largo". He was also the co-founder of the "Hamburger Hamlet" restaurant chain. He was born in Los Angeles, California.

paragraphs: Lewis died from natural causes on June 9, 2013 in Beverly Hills, California. He was 93 years old. He was outlived by his wife, Marilyn Friedman.


title: Unter uns

paragraphs: Unter uns is a German soap opera. It has been on television since 1994. It is on from Monday to Friday.

paragraphs: The series is about the people who live in the fictitious Schillerallee 10 in Cologne.


title: Naruhito

paragraphs: Naruhito is the eldest son of former emperor Akihito and Empress Michiko of Japan. He was originally known as "His Imperial Highness" The Prince Hiro but was later given the title of Crown Prince in 1991.

paragraphs: His father Emperor Akihito announced in December 2017 that he would abdicate on 30 April 2019. Naruhito became emperor on 1 May 2019 and the enthronement was held on 22 October 2019.

paragraphs: Naruhito was born on 23 February 1960 at Imperial Household Agency Hospital, Imperial Palace in Tokyo,

paragraphs: He is be crown prince of Japan in 1991, He was first study in Gakushūin, He was graduated at Gakushuin University in 1982, He was studying in The House or College of Scholars of Merton in the University of Oxford in 1983 to 1985

paragraphs: Naruhito and Masako have engagement in spring of 1993 , their married in 9 June 1993 at Imperial Shinto Hall in Tokyo,

paragraphs: Naruhito and Masako's only daughter Aiko, Princess Toshi was born in 1 December 2001 at Imperial Household Agency Hospital in Tokyo Imperial Palace.


title: Nanda (actress)

paragraphs: Nanda (8 January 1939 – 25 March 2014) was an Indian actress. She appeared in Hindi and Marathi movies. Her best known roles were in "Chhoti Bahen" (1959), "Teen Devian" (1965) and "Gumnaam" (1965). She retired in 1995. She was born in Kolhapur, British India.

paragraphs: Nanda died from a heart attack on 25 March 2014 at her home in Mumbai, India. She was 75 years old.


title: Motor system

paragraphs: The motor system is the part of the central nervous system that is involved with movement. It consists of the pyramidal and extrapyramidal system.

paragraphs: Both systems are very ancient and may be common to all vertebrates.


title: Grumman A-6 Intruder

paragraphs: The Grumman A-6 Intruder is an attack aircraft built in the USA. It's a twin-turbojet aircraft, built in all-metal. It was used for the Vietnam War and the Gulf War by US Navy. Before September 1962, it was called Grumman A2F Intruder.

paragraphs: Grumman EA-6B Prowler is a specialized variant.


title: Ford Trimotor

paragraphs: The Ford Trimotor is a family of civilian aircraft built in USA. It was used as airliner from 1926 to the beginning of the World War II. It has 3 motors. It was built in all-metal.


title: Somero

paragraphs: Somero is a city in Southwest Finland, Finland. Almost 10,000 people lived there in January 2014.


title: Spandrel

paragraphs: A spandrel is the space between two arches. It is the space between an arch and a rectangular fence or the space between the right and left exterior curve of an arch and an enclosing right angle.

paragraphs: In structures with more than one floor, the term "spandrel" can also mean the space between the top of the window in one floor and the threshold of the window in the floor above.

paragraphs: Spandrels have different meanings in architecture and art history.

paragraphs: Arches commonly exist in bridge constructions, so spandrels may appear in such structures. Historically, most arch expansions had solid spandrels, meaning that the areas between arches were completely filled in with masonry. This was true until the use of steel and reinforced concrete began in the 19th and 20th centuries.

paragraphs: Structures of domes can also contain spandrels. Where domes are needed to rest on a square or a rectangular base, the dome is raised above the level of the supporting pillars with three-dimensional spandrels called pendentives. These triangular segments take the weight of the dome and place it onto the poles.


title: Rodney Wilkes

paragraphs: Rodney Adolphus Wilkes (11 March 1925 – 24 March 2014) was a weightlifter from Trinidad and Tobago. He was nicknamed "The Mighty Midget" for his great strength and height. He won a silver medal for weightlifting during the 1948 London. He then won the bronze medal at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki. He competed in the 1956 Summer OLympics.


title: Paulo Schroeber

paragraphs: Paulo Schroeber (18 August 1973 – 24 March 2014) was a Brazilian metal guitarist. He was best known for his work with Almah. He was also a member of Astafix, Hammer 67, Burning in Hell and Fear Ritual by the time of his death. He was born in Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul.

paragraphs: Schroeber died from heart failure following complications to reset an artificial pacemaker on March 24, 2014 in his hometown of Caxias do Sul. He was 40 years old.


title: Ben Staartjes

paragraphs: Bernard "Ben" Staartjes (9 December 1928 - 18 March 2014) was a Dutch sailor. He represented his country at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Kiel, Germany. In 1980, Staartjes was Chef de Equipe of the Dutch Olympic Sailing Team at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Tallinn. He was born in Amsterdam.

paragraphs: Staartjes was born in Amsterdam. He died in Kapellen, Belgium, aged 85.


title: Mercy Edirisinghe

paragraphs: Mercy Edirisinghe (1945/1946 – 17 March 2014) was a popular Sri Lankan stage actress and singer. Her most famous play was a musical by Lushan Bulathsinhala, called Tharavo Igilethi (Ducks fly). He career has lasted for nearly 60 years. She was born in Ambepussa, Sri Lanka.


title: 7 Year Bitch

paragraphs: 7 Year Bitch was an American punk rock band from Seattle, Washington.

paragraphs: In 1990 the band was started by Selene Vigil, Stefanie Sargent, Elizabeth Davis and Valerie Agnew as Barbie's Dream Car. After releasing their first single they were signed with C/Z Records. In 1992 the band's first album "Sick 'Em" was released by C/Z Records. In 1994 "¡Viva Zapata!" was released. In 1996 the band's last album "Gato Negro" was released by Atlantic Records.


title: Peter Oakley

paragraphs: Peter Oakley (20 August 1927 – 23 March 2014) was a British internet blogger. He was better known by his pseudonym geriatric1927 on the popular video sharing website YouTube.

paragraphs: Oakley was born in Norwich, Norfolk, England.

paragraphs: By mid-2006, Oakley was the most subscribed user on YouTube. His rise to the #1 position took place in just over a week. Oakley had 30,000 subscribers as of 25 November 2006 and over 53,000 subscribers as of 24 May 2010.

paragraphs: He ranks as the 52nd most subscribed all time in the United Kingdom, and is the 19th most subscribed "Director" of all time in the United Kingdom.

paragraphs: As of June 2012, Oakley has over 350 videos on YouTube under his channel geriatric1927.

paragraphs: Oakley was later diagnosed with cancer which was too far advanced for treatment and he was not expected to live. He posted his final video on February 12, 2014. He died in Bakewell, Derbyshire, England, aged 86.


title: Ralph Wilson

paragraphs: Ralph C. Wilson, Jr. (October 17, 1918 - March 25, 2014) was the founder and the owner of NFL's Buffalo Bills. The Ralph Wilson Stadium is named after him.

paragraphs: Wilson was born in Columbus, Ohio. He was raised in Grosse Pointe, Michigan. Wilson studied at the University of Virginia and at the University of Michigan Law School.

paragraphs: He was one of the founding owners of the American Football League, the league that the NFL merged with in 1970, and was the last of the original AFL owners. At the time of his death he was the oldest owner in the National Football League, at age 95. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame on August 8, 2009.

paragraphs: Wilson died in Grosse Pointe, Michigan from natural causes, aged 95.


title: Ramzan Kadyrov

paragraphs: Ramzan Kadyrov (, ; born 5 October 1976) is a Chechen politician. He became the Head of the Chechen Republic in February 2007. He is a former Chechen rebel.


title: Lyndhurst, Hampshire

paragraphs: Lyndhurst, Hampshire is a village in New Forest, Hampshire, England. It is near Southampton. About 2,970 people live here.


title: Lil B

paragraphs: Brandon Christopher McCartney (born August 17, 1989), known by his stage name Lil B, is an American rapper. Lil B is also known as The BasedGod.

paragraphs: When he was 16, he started rapping with the hip hop group The Pack. They released a single called "Vans". Lil B released his first album with The Pack on October 30, 2007.


title: Hubert de Givenchy

paragraphs: Count Hubert James Marcel Taffin de Givenchy (21 February 1927 – 10 March 2018) was a French fashion designer. He founded The House of Givenchy in 1952.

paragraphs: He was famous for having designed much of the personal and professional wardrobe of Audrey Hepburn, as well as clothing for clients such as Jacqueline Kennedy. He was named to the International Best Dressed List Hall of Fame in 1970.

paragraphs: De Givenchy died in his sleep at the Renaissance chateau near Paris on 10 March 2018, aged 91.


title: Al Rosen

paragraphs: Albert Leonard "Al" Rosen (February 29, 1924 – March 13, 2015), nicknamed "Flip" and "The Hebrew Hammer" (he was of Jewish descent), was an American professional baseball player. He was a third baseman and right-handed slugger in the Major Leagues for ten seasons in the 1940s and 1950s.

paragraphs: Rosen played for the Cleveland Indians throughout his entire baseball career. He began playing for them in 1947. He retired in 1956.

paragraphs: Rosen was born on February 29, 1924 in Spartanburg, South Carolina. He was raised in Miami, Florida. Rosen died on March 13, 2015 in Rancho Mirage, California, aged 90.


title: Shammi Kapoor

paragraphs: Shammi Kapoor (born Shamsher Raj Kapoor; 21 October 1930 – 14 August 2011) was an Indian movie actor and director. He was a famous lead actor in Hindi cinema from the late 1950s until the early 1970s. He was known as "India's Elvis Presley".

paragraphs: He received the Filmfare Best Actor Award in 1968 for his role in "Brahmachari" and Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor for "Vidhaata" in 1982.

paragraphs: Kapoor died from chronic kidney failure in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, aged 79.


title: Kulbhushan Kharbanda

paragraphs: Kulbhushan Kharbanda (born 21 October 1944) is an Indian actor. He worked in Hindi and Punjabi movie. He is better known for his role as Shakaal in "Shaan" (1980) inspired by the character of Blofeld from James Bond movies.

paragraphs: He also starred in "Arth" (1982), "Ek Chadar Maili Si" (1986). He also appeared in all Deepa Mehta's Elements trilogy, "Fire" (1996), "Earth" (1998), and "Water" (2005).

paragraphs: Kharbanda was born in Hasan Abdal, Punjab, British India (now Pakistan).


title: Tanuja

paragraphs: Tanuja Mukherjee, popularly known as Tanuja, (born 23 Spetember 1943) is an Indian movie actress. She is the mother of Kajol and Tanisha. She is known for her roles in "Baharen Phir Bhi Aayengi" (1966), "Jewel Thief", "Haathi Mere Saathi" (1971), and "Anubhav" (1971).

paragraphs: Tanuja was born in Bombay, Bombay Presidency, British India.


title: Waheeda Rehman

paragraphs: Waheeda Rehman (born 14 May 1936) is an Indian movie and stage actress. She mostly appeared in Hindi movies. She was known for her roles in "Reshma Aur Shera", "Guide", "Neel Kamal", and in "Khamoshi".

paragraphs: Rehman was born in Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, British India.


title: Helen Richardson

paragraphs: Helen Jairag Richardson (born 21 November 1938) is a Indian-Burmese movie and stage actress and a dancer. She mostly appears in Hindi movies. Her career began in 1951 with the movie "Awara".

paragraphs: Helen was born to a British father and to a Burmese mother in Burma. She was raised in Mumbai.


title: Meninges

paragraphs: The meninges are the membranes that surround and protect the brain and the spinal cord. In mammals, the meninges have three layers: the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater.

paragraphs: In the space between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater (called the "subarachnoid space"), there is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CSF is a special fluid which bathes the brain and spinal cord. The meninges and the CSF work together to cushion and protect the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord).

paragraphs: The pia mater (or "pia") is the layer of the meninges that is closest to the brain and spinal cord. It is a thin, delicate layer ("pia mater" means "tender mother" in Latin). The pia mater sticks very closely to both the brain and spinal cord. The pia mater is made of cells that fluid cannot get through. This prevents cerebrospinal fluid from reaching the brain.

paragraphs: The smallest type of blood vessels, called capillaries, go through the pia mater and bring the brain the things it needs, like blood and oxygen. The pia's capillaries also make up an important part of the blood-brain barrier. This is the brain's "security system." It controls what can leave the bloodstream and get into the brain's nerve cells, and what cannot.

paragraphs: The pia's capillaries are lined with cells that are packed very closely together. Only certain things can get through these cells and reach the brain. This helps block things like bacteria and some poisons from getting into the brain. It also lets in the things that the brain needs to survive, like glucose (sugar), water, and white blood cells (which fight infection).

paragraphs: The arachnoid mater is the middle layer of the meninges. It is a thin, clear membrane that fits loosely over the pia mater. This leaves a space in between these two layers called the "subarachnoid space." ("Subarachnoid space" means "the space under the arachnoid.") Cerebrospinal fluid flows through the subarachnoid space.

paragraphs: One of the arachnoid layer's most important jobs is to cushion the brain. Like the pia mater, the arachnoid mater is made of cells that fluid cannot get through. Because fluid cannot get through either of these layers, the cerebrospinal fluid stays in the subarachnoid space and does not leak out. Having this layer of fluid helps protect the brain, like a car's airbag. Without this cushion, every time a person moved their head, their brain would hit the inside of the skull and would get hurt.

paragraphs: The arachnoid mater also has an important job in the blood-brain barrier. Blood runs through the dura mater, the last layer of the meninges. The arachnoid mater keeps blood from getting through into the cerebrospinal fluid. This is important, because if blood gets through the arachnoid mater into the cerebrospinal fluid, the brain and spinal cord can get irritated and infected. Like all parts of the body, the arachnoid mater needs blood and oxygen to survive. Small blood vessels bring these things to the arachnoid layer. However, the arachnoid layer prevents the blood from getting through to the cerebrospinal fluid.

paragraphs: The arachnoid mater is attached to the last layer of the meninges: the dura mater.

paragraphs: The dura mater (or "dura") is the layer of the meninges that is farthest from the brain and the spinal cord. It is a thick, protective layer. ("Dura mater" means "tough mother" in Latin.) The dura protects the brain from being scraped and hurt by the skull, which is very rough.

paragraphs: The dura mater has the largest blood vessels of all three layers of the meninges. The veins in the dura carry blood from the brain to the heart after the brain has used up the oxygen in the blood. The arteries in the dura carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart. These arteries split into the capillaries in the pia mater.

paragraphs: The dura also folds into the brain in four different places to separate parts of the brain, including the two cerebral hemispheres.

paragraphs: Some medical professionals use a mnemonic acronym to remember the layers in the meninges and what order they go in. The mnemonic is: "The meninges PAD the brain":

paragraphs: Because the meninges do many important things for the central nervous system, problems with the meninges can be very dangerous. The most common problems with the meninges are caused by infections or bleeding in the meninges.

paragraphs: When blood vessels in the meninges break or are injured, those blood vessels will cause bleeding in the meninges. Bleeding in the meninges is a type of stroke called a hemorrhagic stroke. ("Hemorrhagic" means "caused by dangerous bleeding (hemorrhage)"). Bleeding in the meninges is very dangerous, because if enough blood builds up, the blood can squeeze or crush the brain.

paragraphs: The blood-brain barrier in the meninges' blood vessels protects the brain from most pathogens (things that cause infection). Because of this, infections in the brain are not very common. This is important, because antibodies - which the body's immune system makes to fight off infections - cannot get past the blood-brain barrier into the brain. Neither can most antibiotic medications. This means that when a person does get a brain infection, the body usually cannot fight off the infection on its own, and most of the medications that doctors use to kill infections cannot get into the brain to kill the pathogens inside.

paragraphs: However, some viruses, bacteria, and other germs are able to get through the blood-brain barrier and cause infections. Examples of these infections include:


title: Salim Khan

paragraphs: Salim Khan (born 24 November 1935) is an Indian actor and screenwriter. He starred mostly in Hindi movies. Khan is known for his role in "Teesri Manzil" (1966). He is married to veteran Indian actress Helen. He is the father of actor Salman Khan.

paragraphs: Khan was born in Indore, Central Provinces and Berar, India.


title: Salman Khan

paragraphs: Salman Khan (pronunciation : ; born Abdul Rashid Salim Salman Khan on December 27, 1965) is an Indian actor, producer, television presenter, and philanthropist. Khan works in Hindi language films and television shows.

paragraphs: Khan was sentenced to a five-year imprisonment on May 6, 2015 from starting T-Series, running over 5 people, and killing 1, with his car. On May 8, 2015, Khan was not granted bail.

paragraphs: Salman Khan was born in Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. His parents are veteran his first wife Sushila Charak (later adopted the name Salma Khan) and Salim Khan.


title: Sadhana Shivdasani

paragraphs: Sadhana Shivdasani (2 September 1941 – 25 December 2015), better known as Sadhana, was an Indian actress. She was known for her roles in "Woh Kaun Thi?" (1964), "Mera Saaya" (1966) and "Anita" (1967).

paragraphs: Shivdasani was born in Karachi, Sindh, British India (now Pakistan). She died in Mumbai from cancer at the age of 74.


title: Teresa Brewer

paragraphs: Theresa Veronica Breuer (later Teresa Brewer; May 7, 1931 – October 17, 2007) was an American singer. She sang pop, country music and R&B. She was very popular in the 1950s.

paragraphs: Brewer's novelty songs included the hit song "Music! Music! Music!".

paragraphs: Brewer was born in Toledo, Ohio. She died in New Rochelle, New York at age 76.


title: Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain)

paragraphs: The Union of the Democratic Centre (, UCD, also translated as "Democratic Centre Union") was an electoral coalition, and later political party, in Spain. It existed from 1977 to 1983. It was led by Adolfo Suárez, Prime Minister of Spain.


title: Teuvo Teräväinen

paragraphs: Teuvo Henri Matias Teräväinen (born September 11, 1994) is a Finnish ice hockey centre. He currently plays for the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League (NHL).

paragraphs: He was selected in the first round of the 2011 KHL Junior Draft by the Lokomotiv Yaroslavl.

paragraphs: He made his SM-Liiga debut with Jokerit on October 18, 2011. He played 40 games and ended up winning the Jarmo Wasama memorial trophy as the best rookie in the league. He decided to enter the 2012 NHL Entry Draft and he was ranked as the second best skater out of Europe by the NHL Central Scouting Bureau. He ended up being drafted 18th overall by the Chicago Blackhawks.

paragraphs: During his second season with Jokerit, he played 44 games and scored 31 points. He signed a three-year contract with the Blackhawks in the following August. After he signed the contract, he participated in the Blackhawks' training camp but he returned to Jokerit for the 2013-14 season.

paragraphs: When Ilari Filppula moved to the KHL, Teräväinen was put in as the first line centerman for Jokerit. He, however, started the season pretty slowly, and only scored two points in the first nine games. He was able to eventually pick up his game, and after a successful tournament at the World Junior Championships, he went on to a 13 game point streak, where he scored five goals and 18 assists. He ended the season with 44 points in 49 games.

paragraphs: When Jokerit was eliminated from the 2014 playoffs, it was announced that he would go to Chicago to join Blackhawks for the rest of the 2013–14 season. He made his NHL debut on March 25, 2014 in a 4-2 win against the Dallas Stars.


title: Donald Crothers

paragraphs: Donald Morris "Don" Crothers (January 28, 1937 – March 16, 2014) was an American academic. He also a professor of chemistry at Yale University. He was best known for his work on nucleic acid structure and function. He was born in Fatehgarh, British India (now India).

paragraphs: Crothers died from cancer on March 16, 2014 at the Smilow Cancer Hospital in New Haven, Connecticut. He was 77 years old. He was outlived by his wife and two daughters.


title: Jim Flaherty

paragraphs: James Michael "Jim" Flaherty, PC, MP (December 30, 1949 – April 10, 2014) was a Canadian politician. He served as Canada's Federal Minister of Finance from February 6, 2006 until March 18, 2014. He also served as a former provincial Minister of Finance for Ontario from 2001 to 2002, a Member of Provincial Parliament for Whitby—Ajax from 1995 to 2005, and was a member of the Ontario Progressive Conservative Party caucus.

paragraphs: On May 21, 2013, he introduced his 2013 Budget. The Budget contained a new Building Canada Plan for the construction of public infrastructure such as roads, bridges, transit and port facilities. It was to provide $53 billion in investments to support local and economic infrastructure projects, which includes more than $47 billion in new funding over 10 years, beginning in 2014-2015.

paragraphs: On March 18, 2014, he resigned as Minister of Finance in order to return to the private sector. He stated that the decision was reached after many months of consulting with his family and that his health was not a factor in his decision.

paragraphs: When he was young, he played ice hockey. He was successful enough at the game to win a hockey scholarship to Princeton University. He is married to Christine Elliott who is a the Progressive Conservative Member of Provincial Parliament for Whitby—Oshawa. They live in Whitby, Ontario and have 3 triplet sons together: John, Galen and Quinn.

paragraphs: He died on April 10, 2014 in Ottawa, at the age of 64. Ottawa police said that they "received a medical call to Mr. Flaherty’s condo building at 12:27 p.m." His cause of death was unknown at the time.


title: Jakob Arjouni

paragraphs: Jakob Bothe (born Jakob Michelsen; 8 October 1964 – 17 January 2013), better known as Jakob Arjouni, was a German writer. He received the 1992 German Crime Fiction Prize for "One Man, One Murder". He was born in Frankfurt, Hesse, West Germany.

paragraphs: Arjouni died from pancreatic cancer on 17 January 2013 in Berlin, Germany. He was 48 years old. He was outlived by his wife and children.


title: Connie Broden

paragraphs: Thomas Connell "Connie" Broden (April 6, 1932 – November 23, 2013) was a Canadian ice hockey forward. He played his whole National Hockey League career with the Montreal Canadiens. He two Stanley Cups with Montreal in 1957 and 1958. He was born in Montreal, Quebec.

paragraphs: Broden died on November 23, 2013 at the St. Michael's Hospital in Toronto, Ontario. He was 81 years old. He was outlived by his wife and children.


title: Edward Gibbon

paragraphs: Edward Gibbon (8 May 173716 January 1794) was an English historian and Member of Parliament. His most important work, "The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire", was published in six volumes between 1776 and 1788. The "Decline and Fall" is known for the quality and irony of its prose, its use of primary sources, and its open criticism of Christianity. He was educated at Westminster School. He died of peritonitis in London.

paragraphs: His attack on Christianity caused several opponents to publish pamphlets against him. Gibbon defended his work with the 1779 publication of, "A Vindication ... of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire". In the mid-twentieth century one author said that "church historians allow the substantial justness of [Gibbon's] main positions".


title: Luka Magnotta

paragraphs: Luka Rocco Magnotta (born Eric Clinton Kirk Newman; July 24, 1982) is a convicted Canadian murderer. He was convicted of murdering and dismembering his lover Lin Jun, a Chinese international student, then mailing his severed limbs to different political parties and elementary schools.

paragraphs: Magnotta has had schizophrenia since 2000. He was convicted of fraud in Toronto in 2005 and sentenced to community service and probation.

paragraphs: After an 11-minute video titled "1 Lunatic 1 Ice Pick" was uploaded to Bestgore.com which allegedly showed the murder was posted online, Magnotta fled Canada and was the subject of a Interpol Red Notice which lead to an international manhunt. Magnotta was arrested after he was found in an Internet café in Berlin while he was reading news about himself. He tried to give police fake names before he admitted who he was. He was handed over to Canadian authorities in Berlin on June 18, 2012 and was flown back to Canada on a Royal Canadian Air Force CC-150 Polaris. Magnotta was placed into solitary confinement at the Rivière-des-Prairies detention centre.

paragraphs: At 11 AM on May 29, 2012, a package which contained a left foot was delivered to the headquarters of the Conservative Party of Canada. Another package which contained a left hand was addressed to the Liberal Party but was intercepted in a Canada Post processing facility. A janitor found a decomposing torso in a suitcase. It was left in a garbage pile in the alley behind an apartment building in the Snowdon area of Montreal. On June 5, 2012, a package which contained a right foot was delivered to St. George's School and another package which contained a right hand to False Creek Elementary School in Vancouver.

paragraphs: On June 6, 2012, Lin Jun's family arrived at Trudeau Airport in Montreal. A candlelight vigil was then held in Montreal.

paragraphs: The body parts were later matched to Lin Jun by DNA samples from his family. After police received an anonymous tip, they recovered Lin Jun's head which was lying at the edge of a small lake in Montreal's Angrignon Park.

paragraphs: On July 11, Lin's body was cremated and his ashes were buried in the Notre-Dame-des-Neiges cemetery in Montreal.

paragraphs: Canadian media named Magnotta the Canadian Newsmaker of the Year which caused controversy.

paragraphs: After committal for trial, the preliminary inquiry judge set a tentative trial for September 8, 2014 on April 29, 2013. On 29 September 2014 in court in Quebec, Magnotta admitted killing Jun Lin. He pleaded not guilty to murder due to his schizophrenia. He has been diagnosed with borderline personality disorder and histrionic personality disorder.

paragraphs: After a twelve-week trial, the jury received their final instructions from the trial judge on December 15, 2014. On their eighth day of the jury's deliberation, they returned a verdict of guilty on all charges. Magnotta is serving a life sentence and he will be eligible for parole in 25 years. Magnotta was also sentenced to 19 years for other charges.

paragraphs: Magnotta was previously sought by animal rights groups for allegedly uploading videos of himself killing kittens.


title: Mohammad Ebrahim Bastani Parizi

paragraphs: Mohammad Ebrahim Bastani Parizi (12 December 1924 – 25 March 2014) was an Iranian historian and writer. He wrote over fifty non-fiction books. Most popular reads on topics such as the history of Iran. He was born in Kerman.

paragraphs: Parizi died on 25 March 2014 in Tehran. He was 89 years old. He was outlived by his wife and children.


title: Lac-Mégantic derailment

paragraphs: The Lac-Mégantic derailment happened on July 6, 2013 in the town of Lac-Mégantic, Quebec at approximately 01:15 EDT. It happened after an unattended 74-car freight train which was carrying Bakken formation crude oil ran away and derailed. The result was a fire and explosion of multiple tank cars. In the disaster, 42 people were confirmed dead and 5 missing people were presumed dead.

paragraphs: The Lac-Mégantic derailment is the fourth deadliest rail accident in Canadian history, as well as the deadliest rail disaster in Canada since the St-Hilaire train disaster in 1864.

paragraphs: On July 8, Canada's monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, issued a message which expressed her and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh's, "profound sadness [over the] tragic events that have befallen the town of Lac-Mégantic" and hope "that in time it will be possible to rebuild both the property and the lives of those who have been affected." Prime Minister Stephen Harper offered his prayers and condolences to those affected. The President of the United States, Barack Obama, expressed condolences for the "devastating loss of life" and offered American help, if needed.


title: Agent 47

paragraphs: Agent 47 is a fictional character and the champion of "Hitman (video game series)" franchise. The character was created by the Danish company IO Interactive.

paragraphs: Fun Fact: Joe Citizen is Agent 47's real name

paragraphs: There are eight video game titles for Agent 47. They are "Hitman: Death of 47 (1999), Hitman: Codename 47 (2000)", "Hitman 2: Silent Assassin (2002)", "Hitman: Contracts (2004)", "Hitman: Blood Money (2006)", "Hitman: Absolution (2012)," "Hitman (2016) and Hitman 2 (2018). Hitman 3" is currently being made by Ω Interactive and will be the ninth game of the series.

paragraphs: Agent 47's wears a pure black suit, black leather gloves, a white dress shirt and a red tie. The Hitman video game series allows the player to engage in stealth (sneaking) mode strategy to not direct attention to himself. Agent 47 has the ability to change what he looks like by exchanging different costumes which can be stolen from enemies or from places to make the progression easier. The outfits can come from many different NPCs.

paragraphs: Agent 47 has no hair with very white skin and blue eyes. His ICA file from states his height as 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m). In , his weight is given as . Agent 47 has a bar code tattooed on the back of his head which was very prominent in all games except for "Hitman: Absolution" where the bar code was most of the time covered in order for the character to disguise himself after it was known that Agent 47 has this bar code that could get him more notoriety.

paragraphs: His bar code is considered as a security key to access areas of the facility where he was created and trained. Although, in "Hitman: Blood Money" game failed to mention the bar code as a notable characteristic.

paragraphs: Agent 47's facial features are quite imposing, with a long face, large cheekbones, prominent brow, recessed forehead and ice blue eyes. Early in "Hitman: Absolution", 47 tries to remove his iconic bar code with a razor, but it remains visible at the end of the game.

paragraphs: Agent 47 was born on September 5, 1964 in a Romanian asylum with the number 5-901234-123457 tattooed on the back of his head in the form of a bar code. "64-05-09" refer to his date of birth, "04" indicates Series IV, "01" documents his class and "47" is the order in which he was cloned. According to the Hitman game series and the Hitman novel, Agent 47 is a genetically-enhanced clone and the culmination of decades of secret research into gene augmentation. His creation was funded by five criminal masterminds who donated their own DNA to the project. Aside from The Five Fathers, the maternal DNA was provided by Anghel Comescu. However, his surrogate mother was Teadora Blaga. In "Hitman 2: Silent Assassin", Agent 47 decided to quit killing people for money and lived in a shelter provided by Vittorio, but had to change his mind after Vittorio got kidnapped. Eventually after many missions handled successfully by 47, "Diana" brought the Agency to its knees. She flushed all accounts, cut off all communication lines, exposed the Agency and used the confusion to vanish and 47 puts an end to "Diana" handling a hit on her.

paragraphs: Even though 47 is meant to be an emotionless assassin, he shows signs of morality, seen in "Hitman 2: Silent Assassin" confessing his sins (killing people for money) to Father Vittorio. Subsequently, he is so depressed at the apparent loss of his spiritual guide that he agrees to take on the "suicide mission" of killing "Deewana Ji". He is very quiet to the point of being socially awkward which is perhaps the biggest of his very weaknesses. He prefers to stay alone and he has admiration for few people he befriends, especially "Diana" and "Vittorio".

paragraphs: Agent 47 approaches his assassinations with professionalism but will, however show no remorse or regression when it comes to killing or silencing witnesses. Agent 47 speaks in a very formal tone, a tone that shows no threat, rarely swearing or even raising his voice. Given his fees, 47 would have to be a multi-millionaire from his contract earnings but never stops going for new contracts. He only spends his money on simple things like food, suits, gear, and shelter, although he is also known to donate some of it to "Father Vittorio".

paragraphs: Agent 47 can take on hard tasks and perform physical tasks more efficiently than any average human. 47 has mastered the art of stealth. He knows how to efficiently and successfully sneak up to a victim and use his assassin fiber wire to eliminate the victim or an injection to poison the victim or knock him/her out. 47 being able to terminate multiple enemies in the same area one at a time and sneak up on almost anybody and quietly neutralize them. Agent 47 also has a lot of knowledge about disguising techniques and ways of accessing unauthorized areas of a location. He is physically strong even when compared to average adult males of his size and build; being able to climb pipes, move and dispose of bodies, snap necks, knock opponents unconscious and jump from a balcony to another balcony, spending a minimum effort. 47 also happen to be a skilled driver and seen piloting helicopters and planes.

paragraphs: Agent 47 has a special level of skill when it comes to using improvised weapons such as explosives, sniper rifles, automatic weapons and bladed weapons. Being able to hold dual pistols firing both of them at the same time whilst hitting the targets. He is a perfect marksman, so well that the newspaper in "Hitman: Blood Money" called him "Legendary Agent 47".


title: Ya'akov Yosef

paragraphs: Ya'akov Yosef (18 October 1946 – 12 April 2013) was an Israeli rabbi. He was also a politician and served as a member of the Knesset for Shas between 1984 and 1988. He was born in Jerusalem, Mandatory Palestine.

paragraphs: Yosef died from pancreatic cancer on 12 April 2013 at the Hadassah Medical Center in Jerusalem. He was 66.


title: Tailstrike

paragraphs: A tailstrike is when the tail of an airplane hits the runway. This can happen during takeoff or landing. During takeoff, a tailstrike can happen if the pilot raises the nose too early and the plane cannot take off in time. During a landing, a tailstrike can happen if the pilot raises the nose too high during landing.

paragraphs: Tailstrikes usually do not have serious effects, such as killing people. However, this means that the airline has to spend money to repair the plane before it can fly again. If the plane is not repaired correctly, it may cause metal fatigue and in the end, the plane can crash.


title: David Starkey

paragraphs: David Starkey CBE FSA (born 3 January 1945) is a British historian. He is also a presenter on television and radio. His main topic is the British Royal Family.

paragraphs: Starkey was born in Kendal, Westmorland. He studied at Kendal Grammar School and at Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge, where he gained a PhD. In the early 1970s he moved to London, where he became a teacher.

paragraphs: Starkey's television work includes: "The Six Wives of Henry VIII", "Monarchy by David Starkey", "The Tudors", "" and "The Churchills".

paragraphs: Starkey lives in Highgate, London and Kent. He is an atheist. He is openly gay and lived with his partner James Brown. James Brown died in 2015.


title: Joyce Carol Oates

paragraphs: Joyce Carol Oates (born June 16, 1938) is an American writer. Oates has taught at Princeton University since 1978.

paragraphs: Oates was born in Lockport, New York. She was raised Catholic. When she was 14 she started writing. Oates graduated from Syracuse University with a degree in English in 1960.

paragraphs: In 1960 Oates' first novel, "With Shuddering Fall", was published by The Vanguard Press. In the 1990s and early 2000s, Oates wrote several books, mostly mystery novels, under the pen names "Rosamond Smith" and "Lauren Kelly". In 2011 a book Oates wrote about her life called "A Widow’s Story" was published.


title: Hey (band)

paragraphs: Hey is a Polish rock band. It was started by Piotr Banach and Kasia Nosowska in 1991. Their first album, "Fire", was released in February 1991.


title: American and British English spelling differences

paragraphs: American English and British English spell some words differently.

paragraphs: One difference is that some words that have 'er' at the end in the US have 're' at the end in the UK. Some examples of this are:

paragraphs: Another difference is that some words with 'or' at the end in the US have 'our' at the end in the UK. Some examples of this are:

paragraphs: Another difference is words that have one 'l' in the US, but two in the UK.

paragraphs: Another difference is the use of '-ize' or '-ization' in American English and '-ise' or '-isation' in British English. Some examples of this are:


title: Club foot

paragraphs: A club foot or clubfoot, also called congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV), is a birth defect. In about half of children born with club foot both feet are affected.


title: Amal Nasser el-Din

paragraphs: Amal Nasser el-Din (; born 31 July 1928) is an Israeli Druze writer and politician. He served as a member of the Knesset for Likud between 1977 and 1988.

paragraphs: Nasser el-Din was born in Daliyat al-Karmel, Mandatory Palestine.


title: Die Form

paragraphs: Die Form is a French electronic band. Philippe Fichot started Die Form in 1977. Their first album "Die Puppe" was released in 1982.


title: Killarney

paragraphs: Killarney is a big town in County Kerry in Ireland. The town name is an Anglicisation of the Irish words "Cill Airne". These words mean "the church of the sloe tree".

paragraphs: Killarney is in the centre of County Kerry. It is on the north east side of a lake called Lough Leane. County Kerry is on the south west coast of Ireland. It is next to the Atlantic Ocean.

paragraphs: Killarney is the main town in the Killarney National Park. People stay in the town to visit the tourist attractions in the area. There are many hotels and tourist shops in Killarney. It is also on the popular tourist circuit called the Ring of Kerry. The route passes spectacular mountain and coastal scenery and many historic and cultural sites.


title: County Kilkenny

paragraphs: County Kilkenny is a county in Ireland. It is in the historical province of Leinster.


title: Cebreros

paragraphs: Cebreros is a small city in Castile-Leon, Spain. It has the population of 3,223. Former Prime Minister of Spain, Adolfo Suárez, was born here in 1932.


title: Ávila Cathedral

paragraphs: The Cathedral of Ávila is a Romanesque and Gothic church. It is in Ávila. It is just south of Old Castile, Spain. It also has a cemetery. It was built in 1475.

paragraphs: The Cathedral of Ávila was one of 100 finalists for the 12 Treasures of Spain in 2007.


title: Ávila, Spain

paragraphs: Ávila is a town in Castile and León. It is the capital of the Province of Ávila. 58,245 live here as of 2010.


title: Manuel Gutiérrez Mellado

paragraphs: Manuel Gutiérrez Mellado (April 30, 1912 – December 15, 1995) was a Spanish politician and general. He was the Deputy Prime Minister of Spain under Adolfo Suárez. He served from 23 September 1976 through 26 February 1981. He was also Spain's first Minister of Defense from 1977 to 1979.

paragraphs: Mellado died in a road accident in Torremocha del Campo, Spain, aged 83.


title: Fernando de Santiago y Díaz

paragraphs: Fernando de Santiago y Díaz de Mendívil (July 23, 1910 – November 6, 1994) was a conservative Spanish politician. He was the deputy and interim prime minister of Spain during the Spanish transition to democracy in the late 1970s.

paragraphs: He had earlier been a general in the Spanish Civil War and under the dictatorship of Francisco Franco.


title: Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo

paragraphs: Leopoldo Ramón Pedro Calvo-Sotelo y Bustelo, 1st Marquis of the Ría of Ribadeo, Grandee of Spain (; 14 April 1926 – 3 May 2008) was a Spanish politician. He was the prime minister during the end of Francisco Franco's dictatorship in Spain.

paragraphs: He died of cardiac arrest at his home in Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, aged 82.


title: Prime Minister of Spain

paragraphs: The President of the Government of Spain, (), is the head of Government of Spain. The office was created by the Constitution of 1978. The current Prime Minister is Pedro Sánchez. The first politician to carry the office of Prime Minister was Adolfo Suárez.

paragraphs: There are four living former Spanish Prime Ministers:

paragraphs: The most recent Prime Minister to die was Adolfo Suárez (served 1976–1981) on 23 March 2014, aged 81.


title: José María Aznar

paragraphs: José María Alfredo Aznar López (; born 25 February 1953) is a Spanish politician. He served as the Prime Minister of Spain from 1996 to 2004.


title: The Railway Man

paragraphs: The Railway Man is a 2013 British-Australian drama war movie. It is about a British officer who is captured by the Japanese during World War II, held prisoner, used as slave labour and tortured. He has psychological trauma from his experiences. Colin Firth plays Eric Lomax. Nicole Kidman plays Patti Lomax.

paragraphs: Reviews of the movie were mixed to positive. It was released December 2013 in Australia. It was released April 2014 in the United States.


title: Democratic and Social Centre (Spain)

paragraphs: Democratic and Social Centre (in Spanish: "Centro Democrático y Social", CDyS or CDS) was a centrist, social liberal political party in Spain. It was founded in 1982 by former prime minister Adolfo Suárez. In 2006, most of its remaining members merged into the People's Party.


title: L'Isle-Verte nursing home fire

paragraphs: The L'Isle-Verte nursing home fire happened on January 23, 2014 at the Résidence du Havre nursing home in the town of L'Isle-Verte, Quebec at approximately 12:35 a.m.

paragraphs: An overnight worker talked to police and told Québecor Média that he was "95% sure" the fire was caused by a cigarette that was lit by a resident who refused to be let outside to smoke less than an hour earlier. He also said that the black smoke that was billowing from above the cracked open door of room 206 on the man's second-floor room. When the worker tried to help, he had "began to suffocate" and needed to leave. On his way out, he was able to rescue a man who had broken his leg by jumping from his balcony. In the fire, an estimated 32 people were killed and 15 people were injured.

paragraphs: Fire safety experts as well as groups such as the Canadian Association of Retired Persons, Ontario Retirement Communities Association, l'Association Québécoise de Défense des Personnes Retraitées et Préretraitées and the Canadian Association of Fire Chiefs have called for more strict fire safety measures including required sprinkler installation. As of 2014, 54% of Québec's private homes for the elderly have no sprinklers. The Québec health minister Réjean Hébert suggested that the requirements be more strengthened to put sprinklers into homes for semi-autonomous elderly.


title: Jonathan Schell

paragraphs: Jonathan Edward Schell (August 21, 1943 – March 25, 2014) was an American writer. He was also a visiting fellow at Yale University. He is best known for campaigning against nuclear weapons. He was born in New York City, New York.

paragraphs: Schell died from cancer on March 25, 2014 at his home in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. He was 70 years old.


title: 1994 Vancouver Stanley Cup riot

paragraphs: The 1994 Vancouver Stanley Cup Riot was a riot that took place on June 14, 1994 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. It was the first riot in Vancouver since the tour opener for The Rolling Stones which lead to a clash between police officers and 2,000 Stones fans outside the Pacific Coliseum in 1972.

paragraphs: The riot took place after the New York Rangers defeated the Vancouver Canucks in Game 7 of the 1994 Stanley Cup Finals. The riot started on Robson and Thurlow Street after a man fell off of a streetlight into the crowd. When police, who were on bikes, were trying to escort paramedics into the crowd, some members of the crowd tried to take the bikes from the police. Police warned the crowd to clear out and retreated.

paragraphs: After a while, riot police gathered in the crowd and fired tear gas. This caused the crowd to scatter in different directions. Lots of stores had their windows broken, including 50 windows smashed at a Eaton's store.

paragraphs: The tear gas that was fired drifted into the open windows of residents living on the West End. St. Paul's Hospital responded by putting guards at the emergency room entrance to prevent tear gas victims from entering there. They claimed that there was nothing that could be done for them. After a while, bowls filled with water were put outside by security guards for the people that were suffering from tear gas. The total damage to the downtown core was estimated at $1.1 million CAD.


title: Now You See Me (movie)

paragraphs: Now You See Me is a 2013 American caper thriller movie. It was produced by Bobby Cohen, Alex Kurtzman, and Roberto Orci. The movie was directed by Louis Leterrier. Now You See Me was released on May 31, 2013 in North America and on July 31, 2013 in France. The movie gained mixed reviews from critics and hold a 50% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. The movie was a box-office success and gained a sequel.


title: Robert F. Coleman

paragraphs: Robert F. Coleman (November 22, 1954 – March 24, 2014) was an American mathematician and professor at the University of California, Berkeley. He worked primarily in number theory, with specific interests in "p"-adic analysis and arithmetic geometry. He is also known for introducing "p"-adic Banach spaces into the study of modular forms.

paragraphs: Coleman died in his sleep on the night of March 24, 2014. He was 59 years old.


title: Operation Yellow Ribbon

paragraphs: Operation Yellow Ribbon was started by Canada to help with the diversion of civilian airline flights because of the September 11 attacks in 2001. It was to make sure that possible destructive air traffic was removed from the United States airspace as quickly as possible, and away from potential U.S. targets. Instead they placed the aircraft on the ground in Canada, mainly at military and civilian airports in the Canadian provinces of Nova Scotia, Newfoundland and Labrador, and British Columbia (as well as some in New Brunswick, Alberta, Manitoba, Ontario and Quebec). Canada began the operation after the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) (carried out by Security Control of Air Traffic and Air Navigation Aids (SCATANA)) had grounded all the aircraft across the United States. The FAA was then able to work with Transport Canada to reroute the incoming international flights to airports in Canada.

paragraphs: The actual number of diverted aircraft and passengers varies from different sources. Transport Canada stated that over 33,000 passengers on 224 flights arrived in Canada, while NAV CANADA stated that there were 239 flights. Prime Minister Jean Chrétien said that the number of flights was anywhere between 225 and 250 and that the number of passengers were between 30,000 and 45,000.

paragraphs: On the tenth anniversary of 9/11, President Barack Obama recalled Canada's help during that time, and he expressed his gratitude for Canada's friendship and solidarity.


title: Cuvier's beaked whale

paragraphs: Cuvier's beaked whale ("Ziphius cavirostris"), is the only member of the genus Ziphius. It is the most widely distributed of all the beaked whales.

paragraphs: The French anatomist Georges Cuvier, in his "Sur les Ossemens fossiles" (1823), first described the species based on an imperfect skull from the Mediterranean coast of France. A peasant had found it on the shore in 1803.

paragraphs: Cuvier named it "Ziphius cavirostris". The specific name comes from the Latin "cavus" for "hollow" or "concave". This refers to the deep hollow in the skull, a diagnostic trait of the species. Cuvier believed it was an extinct species. In 1850 zoologists realized the species was still living, when Paul Gervais compared the type specimen to a whale stranded at Aresquiès, Hérault. He found the two to be identical.

paragraphs: Cuvier's beaked whale feeds on several species of squid. They also prey on deep-sea fish. On March 27 2014 a Cuvier's beaked whale tracked by a satellite-linked tag set a new deep diving record for a sea mammal, plunging nearly two miles below the ocean surface.

paragraphs: Although it is in the Odontoceti, it has little use for teeth. As adults, two incisors at the front of the lower jaw stick forward. Basically, it sucks in prey by expanding its throat.


title: Anita Pallenberg

paragraphs: Anita Pallenberg (6 April 1944 – 13 June 2017) was an Italian actress and fashion designer. She starred in the movie "Candy" in 1968. She also played Black Queen of Sogo in "Barbarella" in that same year. Pallenberg appeared in more than a dozen movies over 40 years.

paragraphs: Pallenberg became widely known in popular culture as the girlfriend of Brian Jones and later Keith Richards of the Rolling Stones. She spent a lot of time with singer Marianne Faithfull, Mick Jagger's girlfriend in the late 1960s, who remained a friend of Pallenberg's. They appeared together in 2001 in the BBC situation comedy "Absolutely Fabulous" in episode four, "Donkey", with Faithfull playing God and Pallenberg The Devil.

paragraphs: Pallenberg was born in Rome. She died of complications from hepatitis C on 13 June 2017 in Chichester, West Sussex, aged 73.


title: Barbarella

paragraphs: Barbarella is a 1968 French-Italian science fiction movie. It is about the title character in the 40th century. Jane Fonda plays Barbarella, who is based on a character from a comic book series. Roger Vadim directed the movie.


title: Candy (1968 movie)

paragraphs: Candy is a 1968 sex comedy movie. The movie is a series of pornographic stories related to high school students.

paragraphs: Ewa Aulin plays Candy. Ringo Starr plays Emanuel. Walter Matthau and Marlon Brando are also in the movie.

paragraphs: "Candy" was released in December 1968. The reviews were mostly positive. Its box office intake was good.


title: You Don't Mess with the Zohan

paragraphs: You Don't Mess with the Zohan (also known as just Zohan) is a 2008 American slapstick comedy movie. It was produced by Adam Sandler, Jack Giarraputo, and Robert Smigel. The movie was written by Adam Sandler, Robert Smigel, and Judd Apatow and was directed by Dennis Dugan. The movie was released on June 6, 2008 in North America. The movie gained mixed reviews from critics and holds a 37% rating on Rotten Tomatoes.


title: Dick Guidry

paragraphs: Richard P. Guidry, known as Dick Guidry (September 22, 1929 – March 26, 2014) was a businessman from Galliano, Louisiana. He is a Democrat. He is a former member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from Lafourche Parish. He is thought to be the youngest member ever elected to the Louisiana House.

paragraphs: Guidry died in New Orleans, Louisiana, aged 84.


title: Najib Razak

paragraphs: Haji Mohammad Najib bin Tun Haji Abdul Razak (born 23 July 1953) is a Malaysian politician. He became the sixth Prime Minister of Malaysia after being elected in 2009. He lost his re-election bid in the 2018 general election.

paragraphs: On 28 July 2020, the High Court convicted Najib on all seven counts of abuse of power, money laundering and criminal breach of trust, becoming the first Prime Minister of Malaysia to be convicted of corruption.


title: Maize weevil

paragraphs: The maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) is a species of beetle in the family Curculionidae. In the United States, it is called the greater rice weevil. It lives in many tropical areas around the world, and in the United States. It is a major pest of maize. This species attacks both crops that are still growing and those that have been harvested. It attacks wheat, rice, sorghum, oats, barley, rye, buckwheat, peas, and cottonseed. The maize weevil also attacks processed cereal products such as pasta, cAgassava, and various coarse, milled grains. It has even been known to attack fruit while in storage, such as apples.


title: Susumu Ohno

paragraphs: Susumu Ohno was born of Japanese parents in Seoul, Korea, on February 1, 1928. The family returned to Japan after the war in 1945.

paragraphs: His passion for science came from his lifelong love of horses. He earned a Ph.D. in veterinary science at Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology in 1949, and later a Ph.D. and D.Sc. from Hokkaido University.

paragraphs: Ohno suggested that gene duplication plays a major role in evolution in his classic book "Evolution by Gene Duplication" (1970).

paragraphs: Subsequent research has overwhelmingly confirmed the key role of gene duplication in molecular evolution. Sometimes. one gene copy, or "paralog", takes on a totally new function after a gene duplication event. This means one of the gene copies mutates to develop a function that was not present in the ancestral gene. In this way, a gene duplication may lead to new possibilities in its descendents.

paragraphs: Normally, a big change in gene function is resisted because the original function is needed, but after a duplication one gene carries on the original function. Therefore, a change of function in the second copy is possible without loss of fitness.

paragraphs: In his book, he also suggested that vertebrate genome is the result of one or more entire genome duplications. Variations of this idea have come to be known as the 2R hypothesis (also called "Ohno's hypothesis"). He indicated that mammalian X chromosomes are conserved among species: it has been referred to as Ohno's law. He also invented the term Junk DNA for segments of the DNA that have no known function.


title: Arjen Anthony Lucassen

paragraphs: Arjen Anthony Lucassen (born 3 April 1960) is a Dutch singer and record producer.

paragraphs: Lucassen started his music career in 1980 as a guitarist for the band Bodine. In 1984 Lucassen left the band to play guitar for Vengeance. He left the band in 1992.

paragraphs: In 1994 he released his first solo album, "Pools of Sorrow, Waves of Joy". He played most of the instruments on the album. The album was not successful. In 2001 an album Lucassen made with Astrid van der Veen called "Fate of a Dreamer" was released. In 2009 Lucassen started a new side project, Guilt Machine.


title: Learjet 24

paragraphs: The Learjet 24 is a twin-turbojet civil aircraft. It is used as a business jet. It is a modern variant of the Learjet 23. It flew for the first time in 1966. It was built between 1966 and 1980.


title: Martin Elkort

paragraphs: Martin Edward Elkort (born April 18, 1929) is an American photographer, illustrator and writer. He is best known for his street photography. Many of his works are held and displayed by several well known art museums in the United States.

paragraphs: Elkort was born in the New York City, New York borough of The Bronx. He grew up during the Great Depression. He married Edythe in 1953. He now lives in Los Angeles, California with his wife.


title: Killarney National Park

paragraphs: The Killarney National Park is a national park in County Kerry in Ireland. There are mountains, lakes, woods and waterfalls in the park. The size of the park is . The highest mountain range in Ireland (called McGillycuddy's Reeks) is in the park. The park is to the south and west of the town of Killarney.

paragraphs: There are different kinds of animals in the park. There are red deer and white tailed eagles. The eagles were reintroduced into the park in 2007. Local farmers disagreed with the reintroduction because they can kill lambs.

paragraphs: The park is an Irish national park. It is also a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve.


title: Louis Lincoln Emmerson

paragraphs: Louis Lincoln Emmerson (December 27, 1863 – February 4, 1941) was a Republican politician. He was the Governor of Illinois. He served from 1929 to 1933. Before serving as governor, Emmerson served as Illinois Secretary of State from 1917 to 1929.


title: Lalah Hathaway

paragraphs: Eulaulah Donyll Hathaway (also known as Lalah Hathaway; born December 16, 1968) is an American contemporary R&B and jazz singer and musician. She has had several hit singles. They include "Let Me Love You" (a 1994 song) and "Baby Don't Cry" in 1990.

paragraphs: Lalah Hathaway is the daughter of late singer-songwriter Donny Hathaway.


title: Ice Age (franchise)

paragraphs: Ice Age is an animated movie series. There are five movies: "Ice Age" (2002), "" (2006), "" (2009), "" (2012), and "" (2016)


title: Blue shift

paragraphs: Blue shift is one example of the Doppler effect. It is the opposite effect to redshift.

paragraphs: Doppler blueshift is caused by movement of a source towards the observer. The term applies to any decrease in wavelength caused by relative motion, even outside the visible spectrum.

paragraphs: The wavelength of any reflected or emitted photon or other particle is shortened in the direction of travel.

paragraphs: Doppler blueshift is used in astronomy to determine relative motion:

paragraphs: The reason astronomers can tell how far the light gets shifted is because certain chemical elements, like the calcium in bones or the oxygen people breathe has a unique fingerprint of light that no other chemical element has. They can see what colors of light are coming from a star, and see what it is made of. Once they know that, they look at the difference between where the fingerprint (called spectral lines) is and where it is supposed to be. When they see that, they can tell how far away the star is, whether it is moving toward us or away from us, and also how fast it is going, since the faster it goes, the farther the distance the spectral lines are from where they should be.


title: Bakewell

paragraphs: Bakewell is a small town in Derbyshire Dales, Derbyshire, England. About 4,000 people live in the town.


title: Matthew Robinson (snowboarder)

paragraphs: Matthew John Robinson (24 October 1985 – 21 February 2014) was an Australian snowboarder. He was a Paralympian. He won Australia's first IPC Alpine Skiing World Cup snowboard gold medal in Copper Mountain, Colorado in the United States. In February 2014, he got head and neck injuries after an accident at the La Molina ski resort in Spain. He was sent to fly back to Australia by plane soon after.

paragraphs: Robinson died from cardiac arrest on 21 February 2014 while refueling in Kuwait. He was 28 years old. His memorial service was held in Perth, Western Australia on 7 March. At the time of his death, he was living in Melbourne, Victoria with his fiancée.


title: Shane Doan

paragraphs: Shane Albert Doan (born October 10, 1976) is a Canadian ice hockey right winger. He currently plays for the Arizona Coyotes of the National Hockey League (NHL). He serves as their captain. He is the only remaining player left from the Jets/Coyotes team when they relocated to Phoenix, as well as one of three players that are currently active in the NHL from the original Winnipeg Jets.

paragraphs: Before playing in the NHL, Doan played 3 seasons with the Kamloops Blazers of the Western Hockey League (WHL). During his time there, he was able to win the Memorial Cup two years in a row with the Blazers and won the Stafford Smythe Memorial Trophy as the Most Valuable Player in the Memorial Cup Tournament.

paragraphs: He was drafted with the 7th overall pick by the Winnipeg Jets in the 1995 NHL Entry Draft. In the 2003-04 season, he was named the third captain in Phoenix Coyotes history, replacing Teppo Numminen, who was traded to the Dallas Stars. He signed a 4-year, $21.2 million contract with the Coyotes on September 14, 2012. On August 30, 2017, Doan officially announced his retirement from the NHL.

paragraphs: He grew up in a religious family and continues to be a practicing Christian. He also writes Bible verse Romans 8:28 on his hockey sticks. In April 2011 Doan along with his brother Brook appeared as the "Prey" on the television series "Mantracker".


title: Mycoplasma genitalium

paragraphs: Mycoplasma genitalium is a small parasitic bacterium which lives on the ciliated epithelial cells of the primate genital and respiratory tracts.

paragraphs: It has one of the smallest known genomes, and is one of the smallest bacteria. Other very small bacteria are the endosymbiont "Candidatus" Carsonella ruddii, and the recently discovered bacterium "Nanoarchaeum". The smallest known free living bacterium is "Pelagibacter ubique" with 1.3 Mb.

paragraphs: "Mycoplasma genitalium" was originally isolated in 1980 from the urethras of two male humans with non-gonococcal urethritis. Infection by "M. genitalium" is fairly common, and is transmitted between partners during unprotected sexual intercourse. It can be treated with antibiotics. Much remains to be discovered about its role in sexual disease.

paragraphs: "M. genitalium" has 525 genes. There are 482 protein-encoding genes in a circular chromosome of 582,970 base pairs. An initial study of the "M. genitalium" genome with shotgun sequencing was done by Peterson in 1993. It was then sequenced by Fraser and others. It was found to contain only 470 predicted coding regions, including genes required for DNA replication, transcription and translation, DNA repair, cellular transport, and energy metabolism. It was the second complete bacterial genome ever sequenced, after "Haemophilus influenzae".


title: Axe (brand)

paragraphs: Axe (known as Lynx in United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland, Australia and New Zealand) are a brand of grooming products. They are marketed more towards younger men.

paragraphs: It was inspired by Unilever's other brand Impulse and was first launched in 1983. Unilever attempted to launch Axe in the rest of Europe but they had to change the name to Lynx because of trademark problems. The company has also run into controversy. Their advertisements have been criticized for their supposed promotion of encouraging sexual promiscuity and sexism. On January 12, 2008, 12 year old Daniel Hurley of Derbyshire, England collapsed at his home and he died five days later. The medical coroner said that Hurley suffered from cardiac arrhythmia and he died from heart failure after he sprayed large amounts of Lynx in a confined space.


paragraphs: Downtown no Gaki no Tsukai ya Arahende!! (English: Downtown's 'This is no task for kids!!) is an Japanese variety show show. It is shown on the Nippon Television network and features the popular Japanese owarai duo, Downtown. The show is popular for its "no laughing" batsu games where the cast has to endure many ridiculous situations for 24 hours in a place which the theme is and must not laugh or they will be hit with a weapon on the buttocks. Usually, this program is shown for about 6 hours on the New Year's Eve. This program has a long broadcast period after Shōten in Nippon Television.

paragraphs: Hitoshi Matsumoto is taking charge of the composition of this program.He suggests many of plans.

paragraphs: He is an indispensable character to this program.

paragraphs: He appears in series as a punishment or a Must not laugh, Itao Plan

paragraphs: He is Nippon Television work deputy chief

paragraphs: This program is always ranked in the top 10 in variety program annual audience rating from 1995 to 2001.

paragraphs: The number of sales of a total of eight DVDs records smash success which sells about 1700000 sheets.

paragraphs: The ninth DVD was also sold, it became the 1st place of a ranking first appearance, and the number of the gross sales exceeded 2 million sheets.


title: Grand Duchy of Baden

paragraphs: The Grand Duchy of Baden was a former monarchy in Europe. It is now part of modern Germany. The Grand Duchy of Baden (German: "Großherzogtum Baden") was a historical state in the southwest of Germany, on the east bank of the Rhine. It existed between 1806 and 1918, the capitol was the city of Karlsruhe.

paragraphs: Originally the grand ducal family were entitled to the style of "Highness". The heir to the throne was usually known as the Hereditary Prince with the higher style of "Royal Highness".

paragraphs: The state was abolished in 1918 after the German Revolution where several monarchies ended.


title: Bridge Street, Suffolk

paragraphs: Bridge Street is a hamlet in the county of Suffolk, England. It is named after a bridge over Chad Brook which is a tributary of the River Stour. Bridge Street is located on the A134 between Bury St Edmunds and Sudbury and is part of Long Melford.


title: Rafael Aburto

paragraphs: Rafael Aburto Renovales (November 2, 1913 – March 9, 2014) was a Spanish architect. His most famous works are Casa Sindical de Madrid and Obra Sindical del Hogar. Aburto helped organize the Council of Spanish Architectural Associations.

paragraphs: Aburto was born in Neguri, Vizcaya, Spain. He studied at Madrid School of Architecture. He turned 100 in November 2013. Aburto died of natural causes in Madrid, aged 100.


title: An Extremely Goofy Movie

paragraphs: An Extremely Goofy Movie (also known as Another Goofy Movie) is a 2000 American direct-to-video animated comedy movie. It was produced by Lynne Southerland and was directed by Ian Harrowell and Douglas McCarthy. It is a sequel to the 1995 movie "A Goofy Movie". An Extremely Goofy Movie was released on February 29, 2000 in North America, the latest release was September 1, 2001 in Russia.

paragraphs: The movie holds a 57% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. The movie won the "Best Animated Home Video Production" category at the 28th Annie Awards in 2000. Bill Farmer was also nominated for "Best Voice Acting by a Male Performer".


title: Atlantis: Milo's Return

paragraphs: Atlantis: Milo's Return is a 2003 American direct-to-video action-adventure movie. It is a sequel to the 2001 movie "". The movie was directed by Victor Cook, Toby Shelton and Tad Stones and was written by Thomas Hart and Henry Gilroy. It was released on May 20, 2003 in North America. The movie gained negative reviews from critics and hold a 23% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. It was the last movie to feature Florence Stanley, who died of complications from a stroke after the production ended.


title: Ralph Miliband

paragraphs: Ralph Miliband (born Adolphe Miliband; 7 January 1924 – 21 May 1994) was a Polish-British Marxist sociologist.

paragraphs: Miliband was born in Brussels, Belgium to working class Polish Jewish immigrants. He was a Polish citizen from 1924-1948. He was a British citizen from 1948 until his death.

paragraphs: Ralph was married to Marion Kozak from September 1961 until his death. The couple's sons are David Miliband and Ed Miliband.

paragraphs: Miliband had heart disease. He had coronary artery bypasss surgery in 1991. He died of a heart attack in London. He is buried in Highgate Cemetery.


title: Puteal

paragraphs: A puteal is an old-fashioned structure built around the hole of a well. It is made to stop people from easily falling in. Some puteals have bas relief. Some have a step that leads to the water well itself.

paragraphs: Puteals were decoration or part of an architectural design.

paragraphs: In the big places where a lot of people walked in Venice, puteals had cast-iron lids. That protected people even more and stopped the water supply from becoming dirty.

paragraphs: Classically, puteals were made of carved stone, or marble in Europe. They were in big private courtyards and town/city squares.


title: Glenveagh National Park

paragraphs: The Glenveagh National Park is a national park in County Donegal in Ireland. There are mountains, lakes, glens and woods in the park. The size of the park is . The park is north west of Letterkenny.


title: Connemara National Park

paragraphs: The Connemara National Park is a national park in County Galway in Ireland. There is scenic countryside in the park. The size of the park is . The park is near Letterfrack in the Connemara area.


title: Lorenzo Semple Jr.

paragraphs: Lorenzo Elliott Semple III (March 27, 1923 – March 28, 2014), better known as Lorenzo Semple Jr., was an American screenwriter and playwright. He was best known for his work on the campy television series "Batman". He also wrote the movies "Papillon", "The Parallax View" (1974), "Three Days of the Condor" (1975), "Flash Gordon" (1980), and "Never Say Never Again" (1983). He was born in New Rochelle, New York.

paragraphs: Semple died from natural causes on March 28, 2014 at his home in Los Angeles, California. He died a day after his 91st birthday.


title: Wicklow Mountains National Park

paragraphs: The Wicklow Mountains National Park is a national park in County Wicklow in Ireland. There are mountains, native woodland and blanket bog in the park. The size of the park is .


title: Burren National Park

paragraphs: The Burren National Park is a national park in County Clare in Ireland. The main feature of the park is its exposed limestone pavement. The size of the park is .


title: Marc-Adélard Tremblay

paragraphs: Marc-Adélard Tremblay, (April 24, 1922 – March 20, 2014) was a Canadian anthropologist.

paragraphs: He was a Professor of Anthropology at the Université Laval and was Dean of the Graduate School from 1971 to 1979. From 1981 to 1984, he was the President of the Royal Society of Canada. He was born in Les Éboulements, Quebec. He studied at Université de Montréal, Université Laval, and Cornell University.

paragraphs: Tremblay died on March 20, 2014 in his hometown of Les Éboulements, Quebec. He was 91 years old.


title: Ballycroy National Park

paragraphs: The Ballycroy National Park is a national park in County Mayo in Ireland. The main feature of the park is blanket bog and mountainous wilderness. The size of the park is .

paragraphs: This park was opened in November 1998. It is Ireland's sixth national park.


title: Jeremiah Denton

paragraphs: Jeremiah Andrew Denton, Jr. (July 15, 1924 – March 28, 2014) was a United States aviator and Rear Admiral, and also a United States Senator. He spent almost eight years as a Prisoner of War (PoW) in North Vietnam during the Vietnam War. He later wrote a book which became a movie about those experiences. He was born in Mobile, Alabama.

paragraphs: Denton died from complications of a heart ailment on March 28, 2014 at a hospice in Virginia Beach, Virginia. He was 89 years old.