title: Mare Nostrum

paragraphs: Mare Nostrum (Latin for "Our Sea") was a Roman name for the Mediterranean Sea. In the years after the unification of Italy in 1861, the term was used again by Italian nationalists. They believed that Italy should follow on from the Roman Empire.

paragraphs: The term "mare nostrum" was used in the first place by Romans to refer to the Tyrrhenian Sea. This was after they had taken over the countries around it. These were Sicily, Sardinia and Corsica. It happened during the Punic Wars with Carthage. When they controlled Hispania they expanded the term to the whole western Mediterranean. By 30 BC, the Romans had taken over the countries around the Mediterranean from the Iberian Peninsula to Egypt. So they started to use the name "mare nostrum" for the whole Mediterranean Sea. They used other names as well, such as "Mare Internum" ("The Internal Sea"). However, they did not use the name "Mediterranean" (Middle Sea), as this name came later.

paragraphs: In the 1880's some Italians became interested in nationalism. Other European countries had made colonies in Africa (called the "Scramble for Africa"). They wanted Italy to have African colonies too. The term "mare nostrum" was used again by the Italian poet Emilio Lipi

paragraphs: The term was again used by Benito Mussolini for use in fascist propaganda. He used it in the same way that Adolf Hitler used the word "lebensraum" (German for "living space"). It meant they wanted to take over other countries to have more for themselves. Mussolini wanted Italy to be great like the Roman Empire. He believed that Italy was the most powerful Mediterranean country after World War I. He said that "the twentieth century will be a century of Italian power". Mussolini built up a powerful navy so he could control the Mediterranean Sea.

paragraphs: When World War II started, Italy already controlled the north and south shores of the middle part of the Mediterranean. The western part was controlled by Spain and France. The eastern part by Greece, Turkey and the British Empire. In 1940 the fall of France removed the main threat from the west. At the same time Italy invaded Greece and Egypt and attacked the island of Malta. Mussolini talked about making the Mediterranean "an Italian lake". The Axis (Italy and Germany together) defeated Greece, but could not defeat the British in Egypt. For the next three years they fought many battles there (called the Western Desert Campaign). The British and Italian navies also fought at sea (this is called the Battle of the Mediterranean). By 1943 the Axis in North Africa had been beaten and in September 1943 Italy was invaded and forced to surrender.

paragraphs: The name "Mare Nostrum" was chosen for a conference by the Society for Mediterranean Law and Culture. It was held in June 2012 at the University of Cagliari in Sardinia. What they meant by the term was the full diversity of Mediterranean cultures, especially for exchanges and cooperation among Mediterranean nations.

paragraphs: After a 2013 shipwreck near Lampedusa when many migrants from Africa had to be rescued. The Italian government increased its patrolling of the Mediterranean Sea. It called this "Operation Mare Nostrum", which was a military and humanitarian operation to rescue the migrants and arrest the traffickers of immigrants.


title: Rosy boa

paragraphs: The rosy boa ("Lichanura trivirgata") is a snake of the Boidae family. The other is the rubber boa ("Charina bottae"). The rosy boa is native to southwest America, and Baja California and Sonora, Mexico. It is one of only two boas native to the territory claimed by the United States.


title: Petar Bojović

paragraphs: Petar Bojović (, ; 16 July 1858 in Miševići, Nova Varoš – 19 January 1945 in Belgrade) was a Serbian military commander. He fought in the Serbo-Turkish War, the Serbo-Bulgarian War, the First Balkan War, the Second Balkan War, World War I and World War II. Following the breakthrough on the Thessaloniki Front he was promoted to fourth Serbian Field Marshal ("Voivoda").

paragraphs: In World War I as commander of the First Army, he broke through the lines on the Salonika front. His army advanced deep into enemy territory. For this he was given the title of Duke. In 1945, after World War II ended, he was beaten severely by partisans. They decided to take his house for themselves. He died soon after of his injuries.


title: Scottish English

paragraphs: Scottish English, also known as Scottish Standard English or Standard Scottish English (SSE), is a dialect of English that is spoken in Scotland. People can tell Scottish English from British English by their accents, grammar, and vocabulary.

paragraphs: Scottish English should not be confused with Scots, a language which is very much like, but separate from English. The Scots language itself has affected Scottish English by means of contact with the Standard English after the 17th century. Still, many speakers of both Scots and Scottish English put them into different registers and smoothly switch between the two.


title: La Siberia

paragraphs: La Siberia is a Spanish local administrative division located in Badajoz, Extremadura.

paragraphs: To the southeast is Caceres province. Castile-La Mancha is to the east.

paragraphs: This area is part from the Toledo Mountains range and reaches until the Las Villuercas mountains. About 90 percent of its terrain ranges from above sea level. Its highest mountain ranges are: the Umbría, Castrejones, Cantonegros, Santana and Pico Montilla. The last is the highest, at above sea level.

paragraphs: Due its location between Castilian Plateau and the Atlantic Area, its climate is inside continental climate with warm summers and slightly cold winters. The average temperature is about . The coldest month is January with depending on its zone (north or south). On the other hand, July is the warmest month, with as minimum to as maximum.


paragraphs: The United States Senate Committee on Veterans' Affairs deals with most of the United States veterans issues. People who are members of the committee help fight for veterans. Members are also members of the United States senate. They help veterans find jobs and homes, and help with medical care. It was created in 1971 to help the Vietnam War veterans.

paragraphs: The Veterans' Affairs Committee had nine members when it was created. It now has 17 members.

paragraphs: According to committee members' official online biographies, three of the fourteen members are veterans: Richard Blumenthal, Dan Sullivan and Johnny Isakson.


title: Patty Murray

paragraphs: Patricia Lynn "Patty" Murray (née Johns; October 11, 1950) is the senior United States Senator from Washington. She is a member of the Democratic Party.

paragraphs: Murray was first elected to the Senate in 1992, becoming Washington's first female senator. She was re-elected in 1998, 2004 and 2010.


title: Johnny Isakson

paragraphs: John Hardy "Johnny" Isakson (born December 28, 1944) is an American politician. He was the United States Senator from Georgia from 2005 through 2019. He is a member of the Republican Party. Previously, he represented Georgia's 6th Congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1999 to 2005.

paragraphs: In June 2015, Isakson was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease.

paragraphs: On August 28, 2019, due his bad health, Isakson announced that he would resign from the Senate officially on December 31, 2019.


title: Vermont's at-large congressional district

paragraphs: Vermont has been represented in the United States House of Representatives by a single at-large congressional district since the 1930 census, when the state lost its second seat.

paragraphs: There were once six districts in Vermont. Bernie Sanders (Independent) held the seat from 1991 until 2007, when he became a U.S. Senator. Democrat Peter Welch has represented the state since 2007.


title: Liberty Union Party

paragraphs: The Liberty Union Party of Vermont, founded in 1970 by former Congressman William H. Meyer, Peter Diamondstone, Dennis Morrisseau and others, originated in the anti-war and People's Party movements of the late 1960s and defines itself as a non-violent socialist party. Famous members include Bernie Sanders, John Parker, and Brain Moore.


title: Vermont Progressive Party

paragraphs: The Vermont Progressive Party is a political party in the United States. It was founded in 1999 and is active only in the U.S. state of Vermont.

paragraphs: The party is largely social democratic and progressive. The Progressives received 9,470 votes (2.96% of the vote) in the 2010 Vermont House of Representatives Elections, and five seats, compared to the Democrats' 55.11% and 96 seats, the Republicans' 38.04% of the vote, and 46 seats.

paragraphs: Independents received 3.81% and three seats. As of 2012, the party controls 10% of the Vermont Senate seats, and 3.3% of the seats in the Vermont House of Representatives.


title: Peter Welch

paragraphs: Peter Francis Welch (born May 2, 1947) is an American politician and member of the Democratic Party. He has served as the U.S. Representative for Vermont's At-large congressional district since 2007.


title: Peter Plympton Smith

paragraphs: Peter Plympton Smith (born October 31, 1945) is a former member of the United States House of Representatives from the U.S. state of Vermont, the 74th Lieutenant Governor of Vermont, and an education administrator.

paragraphs: He served as the founding president of the Community College of Vermont, the founding president of California State University, Monterey Bay, and as assistant director general for education of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).

paragraphs: Smith was one of thirty former Republican congressmen to sign a letter opposing Donald Trump's candidacy for President.


title: Seniority in the United States Senate

paragraphs: Seniority in the United States Senate is the value of a senator based on his/her service. There are two senators per state. The one senator that served more years is called the Senior senator. The one who served less is called the Junior senator.


title: Ranking member

paragraphs: In United States politics, a ranking member is the most senior member of a congressional or state legislative committee from the minority party.

paragraphs: When party control of a legislative chamber changes, a committee's ranking minority member is likely, though not assured, to become the next chairman of the committee, and vice versa.


paragraphs: The United States Senate Committee on the Budget was created by the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974. It is responsible for drafting Congress's annual budget plan and creating an action on the budget for the Federal Government.

paragraphs: The committee has power over the Congressional Budget Office. The committee briefly operated as a special committee from 1919 to 1920 during the 66th Congress, before being made a standing committee in 1974.


title: Political action committee

paragraphs: In the United States, a political action committee (PAC) is a type of organization that gives money to campaigns from members and donates those funds to campaign for or against candidates, ballot initiatives, or legislation.

paragraphs: The legal term PAC has been created in pursuit of campaign finance reform in the United States.


title: Central Vermont Railway

paragraphs: The Central Vermont Railway was a railroad that operated in the U.S. states of Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, and Vermont, as well as the Canadian province of Quebec.


title: Vermont Reds

paragraphs: The Vermont Reds were a minor league baseball team. They played in the Eastern League at Centennial Field in Burlington, Vermont from 1984 to 1987.


title: John F. Kennedy School of Government

paragraphs: The John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University (also known as Harvard Kennedy School and HKS) is a public policy and public administration school, and one of Harvard's graduate and professional schools. It is named after Harvard graduate and 35th President of the United States John F. Kennedy.

paragraphs: It offers master's degrees in public policy, public administration, and international development, grants several doctoral degrees, administers executive programs for senior government officials, and conducts research in subjects relating to politics, government, international affairs, and economics.


title: Oxford East (UK Parliament constituency)

paragraphs: Oxford East is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament by Andrew Smith of the Labour Party.

paragraphs: Election Result 2015 http://www.oxford.gov.uk/PageRender/decCD/Election_results_occw.htm


title: Rubber boa

paragraphs: The rubber boa is a snake in the family Boidae that is native to the western North America.


title: The Nation

paragraphs: The Nation is the oldest continuously published weekly magazine in the United States. It was first founded in July 1895 in New York City. "The Nation" has offices in Washington, D.C., London, Chicago, Paris, and in South Africa. It covers architecture, art, corporations, defense, environment, films, legal affairs, music, peace and disarmament, poetry, and the United Nations.


title: Vermont Public Radio

paragraphs: Vermont Public Radio (VPR) is a network of public radio stations covering the state of Vermont.

paragraphs: In addition to locally produced programming, the network broadcasts programming from NPR, Public Radio International, and American Public Media. It is headquartered in Colchester, a suburb of Burlington. Other studios are located in Montpelier, Manchester and Norwich.


title: Colchester, Vermont

paragraphs: Colchester is a town in Chittenden County, Vermont, United States. The population was 17,067 at the 2010 census. It is the fourth-largest municipality and second-largest town in Vermont by population. Saint Michael's College is there.


title: Congressional Progressive Caucus

paragraphs: The Congressional Progressive Caucus (CPC) is a caucus in the Democratic congressional caucus in the United States Congress. The CPC is a left-leaning organization that works to advance progressive and liberal issues and positions.

paragraphs: In the 116th United States Congress, the CPC has 98 members, making it the second largest caucus within the Democratic Party and the third largest caucus in Congress. The CPC is currently co-chaired by U.S. Representatives Mark Pocan (D-WI) and Pramila Jayapal (D-WA).

paragraphs: The CPC was created in 1991 by six members of the United States House of Representatives: U.S. Representatives Ron Dellums (D-CA), Lane Evans (D-IL), Thomas Andrews (D-ME), Peter DeFazio (D-OR), Maxine Waters (D-CA) and Bernie Sanders (I-VT). More House Members joined shortly after, including Major Owens (D-NY), Nydia Velázquez (D-NY), David Bonior (D-MI), Bob Filner (D-CA), Barney Frank (D-MA), Maurice Hinchey (D-NY), Jim McDermott (D-WA), Jerry Nadler (D-NY), Patsy Mink (D-HI), George Miller (D-CA), Pete Stark (D-CA), John Olver (D-MA), Lynn Woolsey (D-CA) and Nancy Pelosi (D-CA). Sanders was the convener and first CPC Chairman. Bill Goold was Staff Coordinator for the Progressive Caucus in its early years until 1998.

paragraphs: In April 2011, the Congressional Progressive Caucus released a proposed "People's Budget" for fiscal year 2012. Two of its supporters said: "By having a fair tax code, by building a strong American economy, and by bringing our troops home, we achieve a budget surplus of over $30 billion by 2021 and we end up with a debt that is less than 65% of our GDP. This is what sustainability looks like".

paragraphs: All members are members of the Democratic Party or caucus with the Democratic Party. In the 116th Congress, there are 97 declared Progressives, including 95 voting Representatives, one non-voting Delegate and one Senator.


title: National Rifle Association

paragraphs: The National Rifle Association of America (NRA) is an American nonprofit organization. It works for gun rights. It was founded in 1871. The current executive of the association is Wayne LaPierre of New York, who has served since 1991. Oliver North has been its President since 2018. The movie star Charlton Heston was also president of the NRA, from 1998 to 2003.

paragraphs: In the United States, attitudes and thoughts about guns have changed over time, and the NRA changed too.

paragraphs: The NRA began after the American Civil War. Leaders of the Union army were upset because the Union recruits could not shoot guns well. They would fire and miss many times, and this wasted ammunition. They started the NRA to teach men how to use guns. For most of the 20th century, the NRA was mostly about teaching people how to use guns. The NRA cooperated with the government. For example, the State of New York helped the NRA buy a gun range.

paragraphs: At first, the NRA supported laws limiting gun ownership. It agreed with the government that criminals and the mentally ill should not own guns. When there were many handguns in the United States, the NRA supported laws saying people should need a permit to buy one. When the first automatic weapons came out, the NRA supported laws requiring permits for them too. The NRA helped Congress develop the National Firearms Act of 1934, the Gun Control Act of 1938, and other gun laws in the 1960s.

paragraphs: In the late 20th century, the NRA began to change. There was civil unrest in the 1960s in America, and President John F. Kennedy was killed with a firearm. Many people began to want guns to protect their own households. In 1971, federal agents from the government's Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms killed an NRA member because he had illegal weapons. In 1975, the NRA started its political lobbying group, the Institute for Legislative Action. Lobbying is when an organization sends lawyers and other people to talk to politicians so they will write laws the organization wants and talk to voters so they will elect politicians who will do what the organization wants. Around this time, the United States Supreme Court made it much easier for organizations to make campaign contributions. Politicians use campaign contribution money to pay for TV ads and posters and other ways of talking to voters. Politicians with lots of campaign contributions have an easier time winning elections. The NRA began fundraising so it could give money to politicians who promised to oppose gun control laws and let people own as many guns as they wanted to buy. Slowly, the NRA became more about politics than about gun education.

paragraphs: By 2020, the NRA had become one of the most powerful lobbying organizations in America. The NRA writes "report cards" on politicians and sends them to voters, giving the candidates "grades" based on how many times they voted for or against gun rights or gun control. The NRA began endorsing, or recommending, presidential candidates with Ronald Reagan in the 1980 United States presidential election.

paragraphs: In 2020, the United States Attorney General Letitia Jones moved to end the NRA. Jones said NRA officials had taken donated money and used it on themselves and given special contracts to their family and friends. American nonprofits are not allowed to do this. If someone donates money to a nonprofit, the nonprofit must use the money the way it promises to use it.


title: Ron Dellums

paragraphs: Ronald Vernie "Ron" Dellums (November 24, 1935 – July 30, 2018) was an American politician. He was Oakland's forty-eighth mayor. From 1971 to 1998, he was elected to thirteen terms as a Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Northern California's 9th Congressional District.

paragraphs: When President Ronald Reagan vetoed Dellums' Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act of 1986, a Democratic-controlled House and a Republican-controlled Senate overrode Reagan's veto, the first override of a presidential foreign policy veto in the 20th century.

paragraphs: Dellums died on July 30, 2018 in Washington, D.C. from prostate cancer, aged 82.


title: Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act

paragraphs: The Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act (), often referred to as the Brady Act and commonly called the Brady Bill, is an Act of the United States Congress that made background checks on firearm purchasers in the United States required and created a five-day waiting period on purchases.

paragraphs: The original legislation was introduced into the House of Representatives by Representative Charles E. Schumer in March 1991, but was never brought to a vote. The bill was reintroduced by Rep. Schumer on February 22, 1993 and the final version was passed on November 11, 1993.

paragraphs: It was signed into law by President Bill Clinton on November 30, 1993 and the law went into effect on February 28, 1994. The Act was named after James Brady, who was shot by John Hinckley, Jr. during an attempted assassination of President Ronald Reagan on March 30, 1981.


title: Iraq Resolution

paragraphs: The Iraq Resolution or the Iraq War Resolution (formally the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002, is a joint resolution passed by the United States Congress in October 2002 as Public Law No: 107-243, authorizing military action against Iraq.


title: Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists

paragraphs: The Authorization for Use of Military Force allows the use of United States Armed Forces against those responsible for the attacks on September 11, 2001.

paragraphs: The authorization granted the President the authority to use all "necessary and appropriate force" against those whom he determined "planned, authorized, committed or aided" the September 11th attacks, or who harbored said persons or groups. The AUMF was signed by President George W. Bush on September 18, 2001.


title: Public Policy Polling

paragraphs: Public Policy Polling (PPP) is a U.S. polling firm based in Raleigh, North Carolina. PPP was founded in 2001 by businessman Dean Debnam, the firm's current president and chief executive officer.


title: Nicholas Parsons

paragraphs: Christopher Nicholas Parsons (10 October 1923 – 28 January 2020) was an English radio and television presenter and actor. He was known for hosting "Just a Minute" and "Sale of the Century".

paragraphs: Parsons was Rector of the University of St Andrews from 1988 to 1991.

paragraphs: In August 2019, Parsons had suffered a fall and was hospitalized in Aylesbury. He died from problems caused by the fall on 28 January 2020, in Aylesbury; he was 96.


title: Income inequality in the United States

paragraphs: Income inequality in the United States has increased significantly since the 1970s after several decades of stability, meaning the share of the nation's income received by higher income households has increased. Sometimes this is called a "pay gap". Usually males are paid higher than females which has caused protest.


title: Civil liberties

paragraphs: Civil liberties are personal guarantees and freedoms that the government cannot have too much control of a single person's life, either by law or by judicial interpretation.

paragraphs: Civil liberties include the freedom from torture, freedom from forced disappearance, freedom of conscience, freedom of press, freedom of religion, freedom of expression, freedom of assembly, the right to security and liberty, freedom of speech, the right to privacy, the right to equal treatment under the law and due process, the right to a fair trial, and the right to life.


title: Mass surveillance in the United States

paragraphs: The practice of mass surveillance in the United States dates back to wartime monitoring and censorship of international communications from, to, or which passed through the United States.

paragraphs: After the First World War and the Second World War, the surveillance continued, by programs such as the Black Chamber and Project SHAMROCK. The formation and growth of federal law-enforcement and intelligence agencies such as the FBI, CIA, and NSA helped surveillance, such as the COINTELPRO projects from 1956–1971.

paragraphs: A series of media reports in 2013 revealed more recent programs and techniques employed by the US intelligence community. Advances in computer and information technology allow the creation of huge national databases that facilitate mass surveillance in the United States.


paragraphs: The Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010 was passed by the United States Congress on December 16, 2010 and signed into law by President Barack Obama on December 17, 2010. It helped cut taxes and create more jobs for the United States.


title: Rudy Gobert

paragraphs: Rudy Gobert (born June 26, 1992) is a French professional basketball player. He plays for the Utah Jazz of the National Basketball Association (NBA).

paragraphs: He also plays on the French national basketball team in the international competitions.

paragraphs: On March 11, 2020, it was discovered that Gobert tested positive for the Coronavirus disease 2019.


title: Kratos (God of War character)

paragraphs: Kratos, the "Ghost of Sparta", is a fictional video game character from Sony Santa Monica Studio's God of War series, which is loosely based on Greek mythology. Kratos first appeared in the 2005 video game God of War, which led to the development of six additional games featuring the character as the protagonist. Kratos also appears as the protagonist of the God of War comic series and novels. He has been consistently voiced by Terrence C. Carson, and Antony Del Rio voiced the character as a child in God of War: Ghost of Sparta. Christopher Judge was Kratos' voice actor in God of War (2018). Kratos is depicted as a Spartan warrior in Ancient Greece and son of Zeus (thus making him a demigod) who, after being manipulated into killing his own family by the war god Ares, goes on a crusade in search of revenge.


title: Bnin, Kórnik

paragraphs: Bnin [bnin] () is part of the town of Kórnik, southwest of the city of Poznań, in Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland. It is between Lake Kórnickie and Lake Bnińskie. From 1395-1934, Bnin was a town in its own right. It became part of Kórnik in 1961.


title: Chałupy

paragraphs: Chałupy (Kashubian: Chalëpë, German: Ceynowa) is a village and a popular Polish seaside resort, in Gmina Władysławowo. It has very good conditions for windsurfing and kitesurfing. It is between Władysławowo and Kuźnica on the Hel Peninsula on the southern Baltic Sea in Puck County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, northern Poland. It had 376 inhabitants as of 2009.

paragraphs: Prior to January 1, 2015, Chałupy was a part of the town Władysławowo.


title: Christopher Browning

paragraphs: Christopher Robert Browning (born May 22, 1944) is an American historian of the Holocaust. Browning received his bachelor's degree from Oberlin College in 1968. He received his doctorate from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1975. He taught at Pacific Lutheran University from 1974 to 1999, eventually becoming a Distinguished Professor. In 1999, he moved to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill to accept an appointment as Frank Porter Graham Professor of History. Browning was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2006. Browning retired from teaching in the spring of 2014.


title: 1. FFC Turbine Potsdam

paragraphs: 1. FFC Turbine Potsdam is a German women's association football club from Potsdam, Germany. The club plays in the Frauen-Bundesliga and is one of the most successful teams in Germany.

paragraphs: The club was made in 1971 in East Germany. The club was one of the most successful teams in East Germany. The club also is the only team from East Germany to have won the Frauen-Bundesliga. The team has also won the UEFA Women's Champions League twice.


title: The Real Adventures of Jonny Quest

paragraphs: The Real Adventures of Jonny Quest is an American animated action-adventure television series. It is produced by Hanna-Barbera. It was broadcast on Cartoon Network from August 26, 1996 to April 16, 1997. It was a continuation of the "Jonny Quest" (1964) series. It features teenage adventurers Jonny Quest, Hadji Singh, and Jessie Bannon. They, Dr. Benton Quest, and bodyguard Race Bannon investigate strange phenomena, legends, and mysteries. Action also takes place in the virtual realm of QuestWorld, a three-dimensional cyberspace domain rendered with computer animation.


title: Laura, Saskatchewan

paragraphs: Laura is a hamlet in the Rural Municipality of Montrose No. 315, Saskatchewan, Canada. It previously held the status of village until December 31, 1954 and again at an unknown date but was restructured back to hamlet status on December 28, 1978. The town used to have a bank, a school and a grain elevator. Now, no businesses are left. Even the post office closed. The grain elevator was burned down by its owner. Except for a few people who still live there, it is a now ghost town.


title: Chester, Maine

paragraphs: Chester is a town in Penobscot County, Maine,United States. The population was 546 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Bangor Metropolitan Statistical Area.


title: James C. Weaver

paragraphs: James C. "Jim" Weaver (1944 or 1945 – July 2, 2015) was an American college athletics administrator and former American football player and coach. He most recently served as the athletics director at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, from 1997 to 2014.

paragraphs: Weaver was born in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. He died of Parkinson's disease in Blacksburg, Virginia, aged 70.


title: Val Doonican

paragraphs: Michael Valentine Doonican (3 February 1927 – 1 July 2015) was an Irish singer and television presenter. He sang traditional pop music and swing. Doonican was born in Waterford, Irish Free State.

paragraphs: He was well known for his novelty stylised songs. His career began in 1951.From 1965 to 1986 he was a regular fixture on the BBC Television's schedule with "The Val Doonican Show", which featured his own singing performances and a variety of guest artists. He retired in 2009.

paragraphs: Doonican died at a nursing home in Buckinghamshire, England, at the age of 88.


title: Jim Webb 2016 presidential campaign

paragraphs: The 2016 presidential campaign of Jim Webb was officially launched when Webb, United States Senator from Virginia and former Secretary of the Navy, announced his candidacy for the Democratic Party's nomination for President of the United States in 2016 on July 2, 2015. The headquarters of the campaign is in Burke, Virginia.

paragraphs: On November 19, 2014, Webb announced the formation of an exploratory committee in preparation for a possible bid for the 2016 Democratic presidential nomination. He reaffirmed his moderate stances as a strength to a potential candidacy, including some criticisms of the Affordable Care Act despite having voted for it, and emphasized his belief that the Democratic Party had been neglecting the "white, working-class" vote in favor of pandering to minorities.

paragraphs: Webb formally announced his candidacy on July 2, 2015 via his campaign website. He suspended his campaign and withdrew from the election on October 20, 2015.


title: Jacobo Zabludovsky

paragraphs: Jacobo Zabludovsky Kraveski (May 24, 1928 – July 2, 2015) was a Mexican journalist. He was the first anchorman in Mexican television and his TV news program, "24 Horas" ("24 Hours") was for decades the most important in the country.

paragraphs: Zabludovsky died of a stroke in Mexico City, aged 87.


title: How to Eat Fried Worms (movie)

paragraphs: How to Eat Fried Worms is an American comedy movie. It was based on the children's book of the same name written by Thomas Rockwell. Parents were warned the movie was "gross" but had a worthwhile moral. The movie was rated PG. They also hard to eat worms

paragraphs: The movie centers around an 11-year-old male friends dare. Billy Forrester has to eat 15 worms in 15 days for $50.

paragraphs: Rotten Tomatoes gave the film a mild 59%. They said only 47% of audiences liked the movie. Gregory Kirschling of Entertainment Weekly gave it a score of 75. He commented "Worms goes light (but not too light) on the gore and the goo." Joanne Kaufman of The Wall Street Journal said "After the first bit of fish bait is consumed, actually even before, this one-trick movie is a tough slog."


title: Poncarale

paragraphs: Poncarale is a city in northern Italy. Poncarale is in the Lombardy Region. It is in the Province of Brescia and has 5,330 people.


title: Czesław Olech

paragraphs: Czesław Olech (May 22, 1931 – July 1, 2015) was a Polish mathematician. He was a representative of the Kraków school of mathematics, especially the differential equations school of Tadeusz Ważewski.


title: Charlie Sanders

paragraphs: Charles Alvin Sanders (August 25, 1946 – July 2, 2015) was an American football player. He played tight end for the Detroit Lions from 1968 to 1977. Sanders was voted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2007. He was born in Richlands, North Carolina.

paragraphs: Sanders died on July 2, 2015 from cancer in Detroit, Michigan, aged 68.


title: Phil Walsh (Australian footballer)

paragraphs: Phillip "Phil" Walsh (15 March 1960 – 3 July 2015) was an Australian rules footballer and coach. He played for Collingwood, Richmond and the Brisbane Bears in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1980s. He also had assistant coaching roles at Geelong, West Coast, and Port Adelaide. He was later the head coach of the Adelaide Football Club for the 2015 season. He was born in Hamilton, Victoria.

paragraphs: Walsh was stabbed to death on 3 July 2015 in Somerton Park, South Australia. He was 55. His son was arrested for the murder.


title: Duct

paragraphs: In anatomy and physiology, a duct is a tube leading from an exocrine gland or organ. It usually carries the gland's product to where it is used. An example is the vas deferens, which carries sperm to the ejaculatory ducts. Another example is tear ducts, which carry tears to the eye.

paragraphs: Ducts are lined by pavement-type endothelial cells. Outside the endothelium in blood and lymphatic vessels is a layer with no cells called the basement membrane. Outside that are the smooth muscle cells. The smooth muscle squeezes the contents along.


title: Smooth muscle

paragraphs: Smooth muscle is muscle inside the body and not attached to bones. It is not under conscious control. Its function is to help the inner workings of the body.

paragraphs: Smooth muscle is found in the walls of blood vessels, vessels of the lymphatic system, the urinary bladder, uterus, male and female reproductive tracts, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, most ducts, and a number of other places such as the iris.

paragraphs: The smooth muscle looks different from the skeletal muscle, and works differently. It can squeeze slowly, and move in waves along a duct. Most types of smooth muscle squeeze gently for a long time, and use little energy. Some smooth muscle squeezes quickly and relaxes in phases.


title: Sergio Basso

paragraphs: Sergio Basso (Milan, June 11, 1975)  is an Italian movie director, writer and scriptwriter.

paragraphs: Sergio Basso’s passion for cinema dates back to his high school years. He spent several years in China. Beginning in 1996 he studied oriental art. Basso graduated from the University of Venice in 1999 with a degree in oriental languages. He also received a degree in Classics at the University of Milan in 2011. He graduated from Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia in Rome in 2006. He is a member of the 'European Documentary Network Association'. He has attended seminars at the GITIS Moscow Theatre School.

paragraphs: Basso began working in theater as a director for the Teatraz company. He then moved on to the movie industry. Basso spent two years as an assistant director on the set of Italian director Gianni Amelio’s" The Missing Star". He directed a number of documentaries. Some of these were presented at the Festivals of Nyon, Annecy, Turin and San Francisco.

paragraphs: In 2013, Basso directed the movie "Amori elementari". It was released in movie theaters across Italy, Switzerland, Russia and Canada. The movie was premiered at the 36th Moscow International Film Festival. It also was shown at the 65th Giffoni Film Festival, the Rio International Film Festival, and at the 'Ostrajenie Film Festival in Moscow. It won the Grand Prix for Best Children Movie in Moscow.

paragraphs: In 2014, Basso directed a documentary on China’s Han dynasty. It was commissioned by the Chinese state television network CCTV-6.

paragraphs: Basso created one of the first Italian cross-media platforms, the documentary Giallo a Milano. It has new stories and characters that had first appeared in the documentary film of the same name. He has been collaborating with Italy’s national public broadcasting company RAI. He has made several cartoons for them. Per l'animazione di uno dei personaggi di "Giallo a Milano" vince Il Festival Internazionale d'Animazione Annecy nel 2010. Si occupa anche di cinematografia d'impresa, realizzando cortometraggi e reportage per Telecom, Save the Children, ONU, il museo MAXXI di Roma, De Agostini Editore. In 2010, Basso won the International Festival of Animation Annecy. This was for his animation work for one of the characters of "Giallo a Milano". He has also made commercials. He has worked on campaigns for Telecom, Save the Children, the United Nations. He has also worked for the museum MAXXI Roma, and De Agostini Editore.


title: Slavko Avsenik

paragraphs: Slavko Avsenik (November 26, 1929 – July 2, 2015) was a Slovene composer and musician. Since 1953, Avsenik produced more than 1,000 songs and enjoyed success both in Slovenia and in other parts of Europe and America. He was viewed as a Slovenian cultural icon.


title: György Szabad

paragraphs: György Szabad (4 August 1924 – 3 July 2015) was a Hungarian politician and historian. He was the Speaker of the National Assembly of Hungary between 1990 and 1994. He was a member of the Batthyány Society of Professors. He was born in Arad, Romania.

paragraphs: Szabad died in Budapest, Hungary, aged 90.


title: Bronchopneumonia

paragraphs: Bronchopneumonia or bronchial pneumonia or Bronchogenic pneumonia is the acute inflammation of the walls of the bronchioles. It is a type of pneumonia which affects one or more pulmonary lobules. It is one of two types of bacterial pneumonia, the other being "lobar pneumonia".


title: Brigham City, Utah

paragraphs: Brigham City is a city in Box Elder County, Utah, United States. The population was 17,899 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Box Elder County.


title: Charles Mound

paragraphs: Charles Mound is a gentle, high hill in northern Jo Daviess County, Illinois, near the small town of Scales Mound and northeast of Galena. It is the highest point of the state.


title: Florac

paragraphs: Florac is a former French commune, a "subprefecture" of the Lozère department, in the Occitanie region. It is also the capital of the "arrondissement" of Florac. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Florac Trois Rivières.

paragraphs: The inhabitants of this city are known, in French, as "Floracois" (women: "Floracoises").

paragraphs: Florac is in the valley of the Tarnon river, a small river that flows through the Lozère department before joining the Tarn river. The "commune" is found at the start of the Gorges du Tarn (a canyon formed by the Tarn river).

paragraphs: The city and the Tarnon valley are within the Cévennes National Park but they are not part of the park.

paragraphs: The "commune" of Florac has an area of and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .

paragraphs: The "commune" is surrounded by the "communes" Quézac, Bédouès, La Salle-Prunet, Saint-Laurent-de-Trèves, Vebron and Montbrun.

paragraphs: The climate in Prades in the Köppen climate classification is Cfb - Oceanic climate with template summers.

paragraphs: With a population of 1,958, its population density is of inhabitants/km.

paragraphs: Florac is the third smallest subprefecture of France, after Castellane in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department (1,557 inhabitants) and Largentière in the Ardèche department (1,789 inhabitants).


title: Marianne Verville

paragraphs: Marianne Verville (born 24 May 1994) is an actress from Saint-Lambert, Quebec. She is Pierre Verville's daughter.

paragraphs: She is known for her role as "Aurélie Laflamme" in the movie adaptations of the novels, "Le Journal d'Aurélie Laflamme", by India Desjardins. She has also participated with her father in an advertisement for Le Lait. She played the role of Violette in Mauvais Karma show at Radio-Canada.


title: Chile national cricket team

paragraphs: Chilean cricket team is the national cricket team of Chile. The team played their first test match against Argentina in 1893.


title: Chile men's national water polo team

paragraphs: Chile men's national water polo team represents Chile in international men's water polo competitions.


title: Chile men's national volleyball team

paragraphs: Chile men's national volleyball team represents Chile in international men's volleyball competitions.


title: Epoxy

paragraphs: Epoxy is the end product of epoxy resins.

paragraphs: It is also a common name for the epoxide functional group, and a common name for a type of strong adhesive used for sticking things together. Typically, two resins need to be mixed together before use.

paragraphs: Epoxy resins are a class of reactive polymers which contain epoxide groups. Their co-reactants are often called 'hardeners' or 'curatives', and the cross-linking reaction is referred to as 'curing'. The reaction forms a thermosetting polymer, often with strong mechanical properties as well as high temperature and chemical resistance. Epoxy has a wide range of industrial applications.


title: Dudley Dudley

paragraphs: Dudley Webster Dudley (born Dudley Webster; August 4, 1936) is a political activist in the American state of New Hampshire. Dudley was born in Exeter, New Hampshire. Dudley is known for her legislation that stopped Aristotle Onassis from building an oil refinery in Durham, New Hampshire in 1974.

paragraphs: In 1976, Dudley became the first woman elected to the New Hampshire Executive Council. She served for four terms. In 1984, she won the Democratic primary to represent New Hampshire’s first Congressional District. She was defeated by Republican Bob Smith. Dudley has served as a trustee of the University of New Hampshire. She served on the board of directors for the UNH Alumni Association.

paragraphs: Dudley inherited her first name from her grandmother’s maiden name. She was married to Portsmouth attorney Thomas Dudley. This is how she got her last name, Dudley.


title: Patricia Marmont

paragraphs: Patricia Marmont (born 9 August 1921) is an American actress. She is the daughter of Percy Marmont and was married to Nigel Green. She is known for her role as Andromache in the 1956 movie "Helen of Troy".


title: Cheri Oteri

paragraphs: Cheri Oteri (born Cheryl Ann Oteri; September 19, 1962) is an American comic actress. She is best known for her roles as a cast member on "Saturday Night Live" from 1995 to 2000.


title: Kenan Thompson

paragraphs: Kenan Stacy Thompson (born May 10, 1978) is an American actor and comedian. He is known for his work as a cast member of NBC's "Saturday Night Live" (2003-present).


title: Kate McKinnon

paragraphs: Kate McKinnon Berthold (born January 6, 1984), commonly known as Kate McKinnon, is an American actress, voice actress, and comedian. She is best known for her sketch comedy work as a cast member on "Saturday Night Live" and "The Big Gay Sketch Show".

paragraphs: McKinnon is known for her impersonations of Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, Ellen DeGeneres, Justin Bieber, Attorney General Jeff Sessions, Chancellor Angela Merkel, Trump advisor Kellyanne Conway, Mayor Rudy Giuliani, U.S. Senator Lindsey Graham, Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos and Associate Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg.

paragraphs: McKinnon is "SNL" first openly lesbian cast member.


title: Jim Lehrer

paragraphs: James Charles "Jim" Lehrer (;born May 19, 1934 – January 23, 2020) was an American journalist and novelist.

paragraphs: Lehrer was born in Wichita, Kansas. He is the executive editor and a former news anchor for the "PBS NewsHour" on PBS. Lehrer is also known for his role as a debate moderator in U.S. presidential election campaigns. He was an author of a number of fiction and nonfiction books.

paragraphs: Lehrer died at his home in Washington, D.C. on January 23, 2020 at age 85.

paragraphs: Lehrer has received two Emmy Awards, the Fred Friendly First Amendment Award and the George Foster Peabody Award. He has received the William Allen White Foundation Award for Journalistic Merit and the University of Missouri School of Journalism's Honor Medal. Lehrer was honored in 1999 with the National Humanities Medal. It was given by President Bill Clinton and First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton. He has been inducted into the Television Hall of Fame and is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Lehrer has received honorary degrees from 42 universities and colleges.


title: Cecily Strong

paragraphs: Cecily Strong (born February 8, 1984) is an American actress, voice actress, and comedian. She is a cast member of "Saturday Night Live", joining the show in 2012.


title: Michael Che

paragraphs: Michael Che (born Michael Che Campbell; May 19, 1983) is an American comedian, writer, and actor. He was briefly a correspondent for "The Daily Show with Jon Stewart", and has previously worked as a writer for "Saturday Night Live". At the end of September 2014, he became a "Weekend Update" co-anchor for the 40th season of "Saturday Night Live", alongside Colin Jost.


title: Colin Jost

paragraphs: Colin Kelly Jost (born June 29, 1982) is an American comedian, screenwriter, and head writer for the TV program "Saturday Night Live". In 2014, Jost became a cast member and became the co-anchor of "Weekend Update" alongside Michael Che.


title: Jacques Sernas

paragraphs: Jacques Sernas (; sometimes credited as Jack Sernas; 30 July 1925 – 3 July 2015) was a Lithuanian-born French actor with an international movie career. He was known for his roles in "Lost Youth", "Helen of Troy", "The Dirty Game", and in "Midas Run".


title: Nedelcho Beronov

paragraphs: Nedelcho Krumov Beronov () (22 July 1928 – 4 July 2015) was a Bulgarian jurist, right-wing politician and Constitutional Court chairman. He was a presidential candidate in the 2006 presidential elections.


title: PBS NewsHour

paragraphs: The PBS NewsHour is an American evening television news program that is broadcast seven nights a week on more than 300 PBS stations.

paragraphs: The weekday program is one hour-long. It is co-anchored by Gwen Ifill and Judy Woodruff. They are the only two women leading a national nightly news program on broadcast currentlly. It is produced by WETA-TV. It is the flagship public media station for Washington, D.C.. The PBS NewsHour Weekend is 30 minutes long. It is anchored by Hari Sreenivasan and produced by New York PBS member station WNET. As the nation's first hour-long broadcast of nightly news, the PBS NewsHour is known for its in-depth coverage of issues and current events.


title: Diana Douglas

paragraphs: Diana Love Dill (January 22, 1923 – July 3, 2015) was a Bermudian-born American actress who was professionally known as Diana Douglas.

paragraphs: Dill was known for her marriage to Kirk Douglas which lasted from 1943 until their divorce in 1951. She was the mother of actors Michael and Joel Douglas.

paragraphs: Douglas was born Diana Love Dill in the Devonshire Parish in Bermuda to a British father who was a colonel and an American mother.

paragraphs: Douglas began her career as an actress in 1942. Since then, she has appeared in over 50 movies. Some of her well-known roles were as Susan Rogers in the 1955 movie "The Indian Fighter" (co-starring Kirk Douglas) and as Peg in the 1987 comedy movie "Planes, Trains and Automobiles". She was also known for her recurring role as Martha Evans on "Days of Our Lives" (1977-1979, 1982).

paragraphs: She appeared in "It Runs in the Family" with her son Michael and her ex-husband Kirk. She retired in 2008.

paragraphs: Douglas died on July 3, 2015 from cancer at her home in Woodland Hills, California, aged 92.


title: Darrell Hammond

paragraphs: Darrell Clayton Hammond (born October 8, 1955) is an American actor, stand-up comedian and impressionist. He was a regular on "Saturday Night Live" from 1995 until 2009, the longest term of any cast member in the show's history.

paragraphs: In 2014, he became the official announcer of SNL after the death of Don Pardo. He is known for playing Bill Clinton, Colonel Sanders, Sean Connery, and Donald Trump.


title: Pontiac Montana

paragraphs: The Pontiac Montana was a minivan sold by the Pontiac Motor Division of General Motors. Before the 1999 model year, it was known as The Pontiac Trans Sport. Since 1997, its most popular trim package had been the 'Montana sport package'. It gave the minivan more SUV-like features. In 1999 Pontiac changed the name of the car line to the 'Pontiac Montana'. Pontiac wanted to change to a more sporty performance image. But the change put it in direct competition with the Oldsmobile Silhouette and the Chevrolet Venture. For 2005, the van was redesigned. It had a higher, less aerodynamic nose to resemble an SUV. The Montana name was changed to Montana SV6 in 2006.

paragraphs: No more improvements were made to the Montana models after the 2005 model year. Pontiac stopped selling them after the 2006 model year in the United States. They continued to be sold in Canada and Mexico until the 2009 model year. GM discontinued the Pontiac division after the 2010 model year. The Pontiac minivans were General Motors' most popular minivans in Canada. The Doraville, Georgia assembly plant which produced the Montana closed on September 26, 2009.. The Montana was replaced by GM's Lambda crossover SUVS . Strangely it wasn't replaced by a Pontiac version of the crossovers.


title: University Fermín Toro

paragraphs: The University Fermín Toro (UFT) is a private university. It is in Cabudare, Lara, Venezuela It was founded on 9 May 1989 according to the decree Number 168 of the National Executive. The Founder was Dr. Raúl Quero Silva, President of the Upper Council of the institution and of the Educational Complex "Antonio José of Sucre". The institution started in Cabudare, but also has campuses in Barquisimeto. The university has a library, bookshop, a clinic and computer laboratory. Students have email and access to the Internet.


title: Wells, Maine

paragraphs: Wells is a town in Maine. Rapper Spose grew up in Wells. Wells Beach is in Wells.


title: History of Florida

paragraphs: The history of Florida began when the first Native Americans came to live in the peninsula about 14,000 years ago. They left behind artifacts and archeological evidence.

paragraphs: Written history begins with the arrival of Europeans to Florida. In 1513, the Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León kept the first records. Florida was the first part of the United States to be settled by Europeans.

paragraphs: St. Augustine, Florida is the oldest continually occupied settlement in the United States. From 1565, it was founded by European and African-American settlers. But the site is even older as St. Augustine was built where there had been an ancient Native American village.

paragraphs: In 1763, to settle the Seven Years' War, Spain gave Florida to the British Empire in return for the British giving back Cuba. Britain divided Florida into East Florida and West Florida, but gave it back to Spain in 1783 to settle the American Revolutionary War. Escaped slaves and other illegal immigrants settled there. Revolts against Spanish authority, military invasions and other problems led Spain to give the Floridas to the United States. West Florida is now mostly in the states of Mississippi and Alabama; East Florida with some of West Florida became the modern state of Florida.


title: Cape flower region

paragraphs: The Cape flower region is a nature area near the south end of South Africa.

paragraphs: The region is the smallest of the six "flower kingdoms" of the world, as recognised by Ronald Good. Its formal title is the Cape (South Africa) Floristic Region.

paragraphs: The region has very high diversity. Many kinds of plants are found there. Most of them are unique. There are more than 9,000 vascular plant species. Sixty-nine of them are found only there.

paragraphs: Much of this diversity is because of the fynbos, a Mediterranean-type shrubland that can easily be destroyed by wildfires. The economic worth of the fynbos area may be about R77 million a year from harvests of products (like wildflowers) and from eco-tourism. The Cape flower region has both economic and biological value. It is a good place to look for many kinds of plants, insects, small animals and other creatures in nature.


title: Gornji Karin

paragraphs: Gornji Karin is a seaside resort in Croatia, Zadar County, which is located on the coast of Karin sea (Bay of the Adriatic Sea). Administratively belongs to the town of Obrovac, which is 25 km away. Gornji Karin has about 1,125 inhabitants (2011).

paragraphs: Gornji Karin has several attractions. The main attraction is the spacious beach with palm and olive trees. At sea there are the water sports (water trampoline, water bicycles, etc.). For families with children there are also roundabouts near the beach. The village has several restaurants, cafes and bars.

paragraphs: 50 km west is one of the most popular tourist destinations of Croatia - Zadar. 70 km southeast there is another attractive tourist town of . Near Gornji Karin there is a canyon of rivers Krka and Zrmanja rivers and waterfalls Bijela, natural mud and Velebit Nature Park.


title: Laika & the Cosmonauts

paragraphs: Laika & the Cosmonauts were a Finnish rock band. They were named for the Soviet Union space dog, Laika.

paragraphs: The band's genre was surf rock. A "Boston Globe" reviewer said their sound was "far beyond the limitations of any specific genre." They played mostly Finnish "rautalanka" (instrumental traditional) music.

paragraphs: Laika & the Cosmonauts were not well known in the United States. They were well-liked by many musicians. These include Mike Campbell and Benmont Tench of Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers, Mike Palm of the band, Agent Orange, and an early surf rock musician, Dick Dale. Al Jourgensen of Ministry said they are "the best f**king band in the world."

paragraphs: The band began in 1987. They still had the same members when they stopped making records in 2008. They toured the United States and Europe several times. The band also played several times on European television.

paragraphs: Laika & the Cosmonauts said in an email on April 23, 2008, that they were quitting after a twenty-year career. They ended with an American tour. The last shows were at the Continental Club in Austin, Texas in the autumn of 2008. A compilation album, "Cosmopolis", was released at the same time as the tour.


title: Jessie (TV series)

paragraphs: Jessie is an American sitcom that originally aired on Disney Channel from September 30, 2011 to October 16, 2015. The series was created and executive produced by Pamela Eells O'Connell. It stars Debby Ryan, Peyton List, Cameron Boyce, Karan Brar, Skai Jackson and Kevin Chamberlin.

paragraphs: The series follows Jessie Prescott, a young woman from a small town in Texas. She has big dreams. She moves to New York City to be an actress. She becomes a nanny for the Ross kids: Emma, Luke, Ravi and Zuri. They live in a multi-million dollar penthouse on the Upper West Side. With Bertram the butler, Tony the doorman, and the Ross kids, she has a lot of adventures.

paragraphs: The show went straight to series. There was no pilot. The show is taped at Hollywood Centre Studios in Los Angeles. Season 4 began production in the summer of 2014 and ended in March 2015.


title: Red kite

paragraphs: The red kite ("Milvus milvus") is a medium-large bird of prey in the family Accipitridae. This family also has other raptors such as eagles, buzzards, and harriers.

paragraphs: The species is found all over Europe and northwest Africa. It is resident in the milder parts of its range in western Europe and northwest Africa, but birds from northeastern and central Europe winter further south and west, reaching south to Turkey.

paragraphs: Red kites eat small mammals and carrion. They were wiped out in most of Britain, except for a few in south Wales. Farmers killed them, and so did the DDT picked up from their prey. They have made a big come-back in England and Scotland after they were recently re-introduced.

paragraphs: A sighting of the first red kite in London for 150 years was reported in "The Independent" newspaper in January 2006. In June 2006, the UK-based Northern Kites Project reported that kites had bred in the Derwent Valley, Tyne and Wear for the first time since the re-introduction.


title: Black Rat Snake

paragraphs: The black rat snake is a kind of snake that can get to 8 feet in length. They are found in North America.


title: Downeaster

paragraphs: The Downeaster is the name of the Amtrak train line in Portland, Maine. There is a cafe on board.


title: Zip-line

paragraphs: A zip-line (also called a zip line, zip wire, aerial runway, aerial ropeslide, death slide or Tyrolean crossing) is a device that allows a person to slide down an inclined wire or rope. The process uses gravity to propel the user. You can be stopped by dragging your feet or by water. Often a pulley is used suspended on a cable, usually made of stainless steel. Zip-lines are often used for entertainment. Some are short and low designed for children on a playground. Zip-lines are often used as a means of getting to remote areas, such as a rainforest canopy or crossing a river.

paragraphs: The zip-wire has been used as a way to get around in some mountainous countries for over 2,000 years. Since the 1700s they have been used in places like Europe, China and the Himalayas. In the Australian outback, zip-lines were occasionally used for delivering food, cigarettes or tools. They were useful for people working on the other side of an obstacle such as a gully or river. Australian soldiers have used them to bring ammunition to forward positions during wars.

paragraphs: During World War II the United States discovered they were behind the Russians and the Germans in using parachutes to deploy soldiers quickly. In setting up training the army decided to use drop towers with zip lines to simulate a parachute landing. It was a success and has been used since that time to train airborne forces.

paragraphs: Costa Rica claims to be the birthplace of modern zip-line tours. Graduate students, John Williams and Donald Perry were rock-climbers who were in Costa Rica studying botanical (plants) and entomological (insects) subjects. They used their rock climbing equipment to climb trees. When they used lines to get down or move to lower trees, other students did too. Soon tours started in Costa Rica for entertainment.

paragraphs: Zip-line tours are becoming popular vacation activities. Some are as short as 100 feet while others may be as long as a mile. The jungles of Costa Rica, Florida, Puerto Vallarta,and Nicaragua are popular places for those interested in experiencing zip-lines. Since 2000, the number of zip-line tours in the United States has grown to over 200. Zip-line tours are not available at places such as Santa Catalina Island, Big Bear and the San Diego Zoo in California. Prices vary for the ride. The San Diego Zoo ride costs $112 (for two lines). At the Santa Paula, California KOA the cost is $10 for an 800 foot long zip-line. At Durango Colorado there are 27 zip lines totaling . The tour lasts for five hours.

paragraphs: In Sun City, South Africa the Zip 2000 is one of the world's longest zip lines at over in length. The world's longest zip-line tour is "Miss Sky Canopy Tour" in Nosara, Costa Rica. It runs for and is made up of 21 runs. Taihape, New Zealand has one of the fastest zip-lines (called flying foxes locally) with speeds at over .


title: 2015 Copa América

paragraphs: The 2015 Copa América was a football sporting event that was organized by Confederación Sudamericana de Fútbol. It was held in Chile in 2015. 12 teams took part from many countries. Chile won their first title after beating Argentina in the final on a penalty shootout after a goalless draw.

paragraphs: The tournament was in 9 stadiums in 8 cities.


title: Bill Nye–Ken Ham debate

paragraphs: The debate between Bill Nye and Ken Ham on the question "Is Creation A Viable Model of Origins?" was held February 4, 2014. The event took place at the Creation Museum in Petersburg, Kentucky. Ham is the founder and chief executive officer of the Young Earth creationist (YEC) ministry Answers in Genesis (AiG). He challenged Nye, science educator. Nye is best known for hosting the 1990s television series "Bill Nye the Science Guy". This happened after Ham took exception to a YouTube video. Nye was worried that a large number of people in the US do not accept the theory of evolution. Tickets to the event sold out within minutes. The televised event drew over three million viewers. Debates such as this one have been going on since Charles Darwin published "On the Origin of Species" in 1859.

paragraphs: Nye stepped onto the stage in front of a hostile audience. It wasn't Nye's first time debating. Since his show on PBS ended in 1998, he has been making speaking tours at colleges and universities. He has also appeared on several cable television programs. It was Ham's home turf. Ham is the head of the museum as well as the Christian outreach organization called Answers in Genesis. He argued the Bible was the ultimate authority on natural history. During the debate, Ham talked about his model of the universe's origins. Nye cited observations from a variety of scientific fields to defend the majority scientific consensus that the Earth is approximately 4.5 billion years old.

paragraphs: Bill Nye said that "Creation is bad for science." Ken Ham then referred to several scientists who were young earth creationists. Ham asked Nye how he could explain the laws of logic and physics in a naturalistic worldview. Ham asked Nye for an example of something that could only have been invented from an evolutionary worldview. He also showed the difference between what's called historical science and observational science. Ham gave an example of biological adaptation. He brought up "Tiktaalik" as an example of a scientific prediction. He added, "Mr. Ham and his worldview does not have this capability". Ham claimed the mainstream scientific community has made creationists afraid to speak out. He went on to say they need "scientific freedom" to speak.

paragraphs: Nye offered several objections to Ham's young-earth position. He stated that ice cores and tree rings show that a young earth view is wrong. Nye also offered radiometric and carbon-14 dating to show that a young earth view is wrong. Ham disagreed; he called radioactive dating "assumptions".

paragraphs: Many scientists were critical of Nye for accepting Ham's invitation. They claimed his participation in the debate gave Ham's views undeserved legitimacy. Two humanist groups—the American Humanist Association and the Center for Inquiry praised Nye's decision. Scientists from both camps generally agreed that Nye won the debate. However they did not agree on how convincing the victory was. Ham later announced that the publicity from the debate helped fundraising for AiG's planned Ark Encounter theme park. It allowed the ministry to begin construction.

paragraphs: A related book by Bill Nye, "Undeniable: Evolution and the Science of Creation", was just released. Ken Ham released a book after the debate titled "Inside the Nye Ham debate: is Creation a viable model: revealing truths from the worldview clash of the century".


title: Bill Nye the Science Guy

paragraphs: Bill Nye the Science Guy was a live action educational television program. It originally aired from September 10, 1993 to June 20, 1998. The program was hosted by Bill Nye. It was produced by Buena Vista Television. The show aired on PBS Kids and was also syndicated to local stations. Each of the 100 half-hour episodes aims to teach a specific topic in a natural science to a preteen audience. In 1999, the program received a public service award from the National Science Board "For its masterful presentations of the sciences to the younger generation..." The show won a total of 19 Emmy Awards during the five years it was broadcast. Nye won seven Emmys for his performing, writing and producing the program.


title: Lake Marion (South Carolina)

paragraphs: Lake Marion is the largest lake in South Carolina. It is centrally located. Parts of it are in five different counties. The lake is referred to as South Carolina's inland sea. It has a shoreline. It covers almost 110,000 acres (450 square kilometers or 173.7 square miles) of rolling farmlands, former marshes, and river valley landscape.

paragraphs: The Santee River was dammed in the 1940s to supply hydroelectric power. This was part of the rural electrification efforts initiated under President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal during the Great Depression. It is one of the fifty largest lakes in the United States, whether natural or man-made reservoirs. It covers only about a third of the area of the fifteenth largest in size.


title: Hungry Hungry Hippos

paragraphs: Hungry Hungry Hippos is a tabletop game made for 2-4 players. It is made by Hasbro subsidiary Milton Bradley. The idea for the game was published in 1967 by toy inventor Fred Kroll and it was introduced in 1978. The purpose of the game is for each player to collect as many marbles as possible with his or her 'hippo' (a toy hippo model). The game is marketed under the "Elefun and Friends" banner, along with Elefun, Mouse Trap and Gator Golf.


title: Muhammad Najibullah

paragraphs: Dr. Muhammad Najibullah Ahmadzai (; August 6, 1947 – September 27, 1996), commonly known as Najibullah or Najib, was President of Afghanistan from 1987 until 1992, when the Mujahideen took over Kabul. Killed by Talibans in 1996.


title: Otto Grotewohl

paragraphs: Otto Grotewohl (German pronunciation: [ˈɔtoː ˈɡʁoːtəvoːl]; 11 March 1894 – 23 September 1964) was an (East) German politician. He was co-chairman of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) from 1946 to 1950 (together with Wilhelm Pieck), and the first prime minister of the German Democratic Republic from 1949 until his death in 1964.

paragraphs: On behalf of the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD) and later the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) Grotewohl was a member of the Landtag of the Free State of Brunswick from 1920 to 1930, and also a minister of the Free State of Brunswick. He was also a member of the Reichstag from 1925 to 1933.


title: Trap music

paragraphs: Trap music is a subgenre that originated during the 1990s from Reggeaton in  Puerto Rico. It is typified by its ominous lyrics and sound that incorporate double or triple-time division hi-hats, heavy kick drums from a Roland TR-808 synthesizer, layered synthesizers, and "cinematic" strings. The term "trap" initially referred to places where drug deals take place. In recent years it has been incorporated with electronic dance music (EDM) by artists who have remixed and made trap songs with more EDM-like aspects.


title: Forest Law

paragraphs: Forest Law is a tekken fighter from the video games tekken series. He was introduced in Tekken 3, and he returned for Tekken Tag Tournament and its sequel. He is the son of Marshall Law. They have the same fighting style and the same moves. Like his father, Forest is friends with Paul Phoenix.


title: Fight Night

paragraphs: Fight Night is a series of Boxing video games. Muhammad Ali and Mike Tyson appear on the cover of one of the fight night video games.


title: NHL 07

paragraphs: NHL 07 is an ice hockey video game. It was released in September 2006. It is the sequel to "NHL 06". The game improved the series' gameplay with more realistic features. Those features included stickhandling and a wider variety of controller schemes. The majority of improvements were to the Xbox 360 version. The other versions, for the PC, Xbox and PlayStation 2 only had modest improvements.

paragraphs: The game was nominated for the VGX Award for Best Team Sports Game.


title: Private company

paragraphs: A privately held company is a company which is not quoted on stock exchanges, and its stocks cannot be openly bought or sold. Often it is owned by a family or a small group of Shareholders. Private companies are often small, but some are amongst the largest companies in the world. Many public companies started life as private companies. In the United States, private companies are held to different auditing standards than are public companies. Private companies do not have to file with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). This makes it harder to find financial information on private companies.


title: Constance Jablonski

paragraphs: In 2006, she won Elite Model Look in France. She finished her studies and started modeling two years later. In 2009, she started walking fashion shows, for example for Lanvin, Gucci and Elie Saab.

paragraphs: Since 2010, she is a spokesmodel for Estée Lauder. Since 2010, she also walks the runway for Victoria's Secret every year.


title: Rebel Heart

paragraphs: Rebel Heart is the thirteenth studio album by American singer-songwriter Madonna. It was her second album to be released under Interscope Records, after her previous album, "MDNA". It was released on March 10, 2015. Rebel Heart debuted at number two on the US "Billboard" 200. It contained the singles "Living for Love" and "Bitch I'm Madonna". The second song, "Bitch I'm Madonna", features Trinidadian-American rapper Nicki Minaj. American disc jockey Diplo was one of the producers of the album, along with Madonna herself.


title: Horneophyton

paragraphs: Horneophyton is a genus of early Devonian fossil land plants. Its fossils are very common in the Rhynie chert. Both the sporophyte and a female gametophyte have been found as fossils. The sporophyte was about 20 cm tall, and the gametophyte was about 6 cm tall. It is not really a vascular plant. It had vascular tissue but the cells had thin walls.

paragraphs: "Horneophyton" had anatomy similar to the hornworts. It is also similar to the vascular plant "Rhynia" which lived at the same time. It might therefore be a missing link between the Bryophytes like hornworts and the vascular plants like "Rhynia".


title: Plant anatomy

paragraphs: Plant anatomy or phytotomy is the study of the internal structure of plants. This is usually considered distinct from plant morphology, which is the study of the external parts of plants. Plant anatomy is usually studied with a microscope.


title: R.E.M.

paragraphs: R.E.M. or REM are initials for these things:


title: Iris (plant)

paragraphs: Iris is a genus of 260–300 species of flowering plants with showy flowers. It takes its name from the Greek word for a rainbow. This refers to the wide variety of flower colors found among the many species. The scientific name, "iris" is also very widely used as a common name for all "Iris" species, as well as some belonging to other closely related genera. It is a member of the Iridaceae family It is a popular garden flower.

paragraphs: Irises are hardy plants (able to survive outside during winter) that are easy to grow. They attract butterflies and hummingbirds. Irises are a favorite cut flower. The bearded irises ("Iris germanica") is the tallest at about . Irises generally have three large sepals on the outside called "falls". They have three inner petals called "standards". Irises that are called bearded are because of soft hairs growing in the center. Irises that are called combed have a ridge of hairs in the center. A common name for some species is 'flags'. Plants of the subgenus "Scorpiris" are widely known as 'junos', particularly in horticulture.


title: Chris

paragraphs: Chris is a nickname or short form of various given names. These include Christopher, Christian, Christina, Christine, and Christos. The nickname is used by both males and females. Most names Chris is based on have meanings regarding Christ. For example Christopher means "bearer of Christ". It is also a name used by individuals. Chris Columbus and Chris Penn are two well known examples. It is also a name given to tropical storms, hurricanes, trademarks such as Chris-Craft Boats and other places and things.


title: Royal Institution

paragraphs: The Royal Institution of Great Britain (usually the Royal Institution or RI) is an organisation devoted to scientific education and research, based in London.

paragraphs: The Royal Institution was founded in 1799 by the leading British scientists of the age, including Henry Cavendish. Its purpose was to:

paragraphs: Directors of the R.I. have included some of the greatest scientists, including Humphrey Davy, Michael Faraday, Sir William Henry Bragg and Sir William Lawrence Bragg, Max Perutz and John Kendrew. Fifteen Directors have won Nobel Prizes.

paragraphs: From 1998 to 8 January 2010, the Director of the Royal Institution was Baroness Susan Greenfield, but following a review, the position was abolished for being "no longer affordable". The Royal Institution had found itself in a financial crisis following a £22m development programme led by Greenfield, which included refurbishment of the institution's main Albemarle Street building, and the addition of a restaurant and bar with an aim to turn the venue into a "Groucho club for science". The project ended £3 million in debt.

paragraphs: Greenfield subsequently announced that she would be suing for discrimination.

paragraphs: The RI's official statement stated it would "continue to deliver its main charitable objectives under the direction of chief executive officer, Chris Rofe and a talented senior team including Professor Quentin Pankhurst, the Director of the Davy Faraday Research Laboratory, Dr Gail Cardew, the Head of Programmes and Professor Frank James, Head of Collections and Heritage". Baroness Greenfield later dropped the discrimination case.


title: Maria Barroso

paragraphs: Maria de Jesus Simões Barroso Soares, (2 May 1925 – 7 July 2015) was a Portuguese politician and actress. She was the wife of former Portuguese President Mário Soares. She served as First Lady of Portugal between 1986 and 1996.


title: Jerry Weintraub

paragraphs: Jerome Charles "Jerry" Weintraub (September 26, 1937 – July 6, 2015) was an American talent agent, concert promoter, movie producer and chairman and CEO of United Artists.

paragraphs: Weintraub was born in Brooklyn and raised in the Bronx. For some time, Weintraub worked at MCA Records.

paragraphs: His career began as a talent agent in 1974. He was known for managing many singers such as John Denver, Elvis Presley, Frank Sinatra, Neil Diamond, Bob Dylan, and the rock group Led Zeppelin.

paragraphs: He also produced movies, including: "Nashville" (1975), "Diner" (1982), "The Karate Kid" (1984), and the 2001 remake of "Ocean's Eleven" (2001). In 2014 he won an Emmy Award as co-producer of "Years of Living Dangerously," a television documentary about global warming. In 2011, HBO broadcast a television documentary about Weintraub's life, called "His Way".

paragraphs: In 1965, Weintraub married Jane Morgan, who was 13 years older than Weintraub. Together, they had four children.

paragraphs: Weintraub died in Santa Barbara, California from a heart attack at the age of 77.


title: Jane Morgan

paragraphs: Jane Morgan (born May 3, 1924) is an American popular music singer. Morgan was popular in France and the UK before becoming popular in the United States. She received six gold records and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. She retired in 1973.

paragraphs: Morgan married movie producer and talent agent, Jerry Weintraub in 1965. They had four children. Weintraub died in 2015.

paragraphs: Morgan performed for French President Charles de Gaulle. She also sang for five U.S. Presidents: John F. Kennedy, Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, and George W. Bush. She toured with Jack Benny and John Raitt, and sang at the Grand Ole Opry. Two of her RCA singles hit the Billboard country charts in 1970.


title: Yasutaro Koide

paragraphs: Koide was born in Tsuruga, Japan on March 13, 1903, where he worked as a tailor, and worked in the field and was able to ride a tricycle until age 105 when he got a heatstroke and his only ambulance service, but besides that he had never been seriously ill. At age 107, Koide moved to Nagoya to live with his daughter. He had in total 7 children, 9 grandchildren, 14 great-grandchildren and at least one great-great-grandchild. At age 110, Koide could still read newspaper without glasses and eat food without dentures and said his favourite food was bread and the secret to his long life was avoiding to overdo things, and not to smoke or drink alcohol.

paragraphs: Koide became the world's oldest living man after the death of another Japanese man, Sakari Momoi who was over 5 weeks older, on 5 July 2015 and later in November that year one of the 25 oldest living people. In December 2015, Koide was hospitalized for chronic heart problems. He died at the hospital of pneumonia and heart failure at 0:17am on January 19, 2016, only less than 8 weeks before his 113th birthday. He was succeeded as the world's oldest living man by Yisrael Kristal and as Japan's oldest living man by Masamitsu Yoshida.


title: Carlo de Gavardo

paragraphs: Carlo Alberto de Gavardo Prohens (14 July 1969 – 4 July 2015) was a Chilean motorist and motorcyclist. He has participated in numerous rallies worldwide, including the Dakar Rally and Rallye des Pharaons. He was the first Chilean motorcyclist to run the Paris-Dakar from beginning to end.

paragraphs: de Gavardo died of respiratory arrest in Buin, Chile, aged 45.


title: Scot Breithaupt

paragraphs: Scot Alexander Breithaupt (July 14, 1957 – c. July 4, 2015) was an entrepreneur, "Old School" professional Motorcycle MX and Bicycle Motocross (BMX) racer and a founding father of BMX in 1970.

paragraphs: Breithaupt was found dead in a tent where he had been living in a vacant lot in Indio, California on July 4, 2015, aged 57.


title: Paul Hogan

paragraphs: Paul Hogan, AM (born 8 October 1940) is an Australian comedian and actor. He was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay and won a Golden Globe award for his performance as Michael "Crocodile" Dundee in ""Crocodile" Dundee" (1986).


title: Linda Kozlowski

paragraphs: Linda Kozlowski (born January 7, 1958) is an American former actress. She has been nominated for a Golden Globe Award. She is known for her role as Sue Charlton in ""Crocodile" Dundee".


title: Gordon Hunt

paragraphs: Gordon Edwynn Hunt (April 26, 1929 – December 17, 2016) was an American actor, voice actor, director of stage, movie, and voiceover and casting director.

paragraphs: He has directed such animated productions such as "The Jetsons", "Scooby-Doo", "Super Friends", "The Pirates of Dark Water", "Droopy, Master Detective", "Pound Puppies", "The Richie Rich Show", "The Smurfs" and many more.


title: Leonard Starr

paragraphs: Leonard Starr (October 28, 1925 – June 30, 2015) was an American cartoonist, comic book artist, and advertising artist. He was best known for creating the newspaper comic strip "On Stage" and reviving "Little Orphan Annie".


title: Love Me like You Do

paragraphs: "Love Me like You Do" is a song recorded by British recording artist Ellie Goulding. It was recorded for the movie "Fifty Shades of Grey". It reached number three on the US "Billboard" Hot 100 and on the Canadian Hot 100. It was #1 on the UK Singles Chart and the charts of several other countries. The song is an electropop song. It is the fifth song on the movie's soundtrack. It was later included on Goulding's third studio album, "Delirium".

paragraphs: The song's music video has received over 1.7 billion views on YouTube as of March 2018.


title: Yung Lean

paragraphs: Jonatan Leandoer Håstad (born 18 July 1996) better known by his Stage name Yung Lean is a Swedish Rapper known for wearing bucket hats. Yung Lean released his debut mixtape in 2013 (entitled "Unknown Death 2002"). He has multiple singles on YouTube under his label Sad Boys Entertainment. These include "Ginseng Strip 2002", "Kyoto", and "Yoshi City". Lean released his debut album "Unknown Memory" during the late summer of 2014. This followed a two-month long American tour. The New York Times called him an up-and-comer in the rap world. "A 17-year-old Swedish kid can rack up millions of YouTube views and SoundCloud plays without making so much as a ripple in the mainstream hip-hop world." But he seems to have made more than a ripple.

paragraphs: Håstad was born in Belarus. At age 3 he moved to Sweden. At first he only spoke Russian. He learned Swedish but raps in broken English.


title: Meek Mill

paragraphs: Robert Rahmeek Williams (born May 6, 1987), better known by his stage name Meek Mill is an American rapper, and singer from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was briefly signed to Atlanta-based record label Grand Hustle, owned by record executive and fellow American rapper T.I.. In February 2011, after leaving Grand Hustle, Mill signed a record deal with fellow American rapper Rick Ross' Miami-based Maybach Music Group (MMG) imprint.

paragraphs: Mill's debut studio album, "Dreams and Nightmares", was released in 2012, under MMG and Warner Bros. Records. The album, preceded by the single "Young & Gettin' It", debuted at number two on the US "Billboard" 200. He has also appeared on MMG's "Self Made" compilation series, with his debut single "Tupac Back" and second single "Ima Boss", being included on volume one.

paragraphs: In October 2012, Meek Mill announced the launching of his own imprint, Dream Chasers Records, named after his popular mixtape series. He also revealed having already signed several fellow Philadelphia-based rappers in 2012.


title: Developmentalism

paragraphs: The Developmentalism is an economic theory. It says that the best way for third world countries to develop is through a strong and varied internal market and by having high tariffs on imported goods.

paragraphs: Developmentalism is based on the assumptions that:


title: Jim Gilmore

paragraphs: James Stuart "Jim" Gilmore III (born October 6, 1949) is an American politician. He has been the United States Ambassador to the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe since July 2019. He was the 68th Governor of Virginia from 1998 to 2002. He is a member of the Republican Party.

paragraphs: Gilmore ran for President of the United States in 2008, but lost the primaries to John McCain. Gilmore announced his launch for his 2016 United States presidential campaign on July 30, 2015. He withdrew after poor polling numbers on February 12, 2016.

paragraphs: In November 2018, Gilmore was nominated by President Donald Trump to serve as the U.S. Representative to United States Mission to the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe. His nomination was confirmed by a voice vote of the U.S. Senate on May 23, 2019.

paragraphs: Gilmore was born in Richmond, Virginia. His parents were Margaret Evelyn (née Kandle), a church secretary, and James Stuart Gilmore, Jr., a grocery store meat cutter. He graduated from John Randolph Tucker High School and received an undergraduate degree from the University of Virginia in 1971.

paragraphs: Gilmore was elected Commonwealth's Attorney of his native Henrico County in 1987 and 1991, and then was first elected to statewide office in 1993 as Virginia's Attorney General. Gilmore resigned in 1997 to run for Governor, also joining the law firm of LeClairRyan as a partner.

paragraphs: Gilmore was elected Governor of Virginia in 1997, winning 56% of the vote to Beyer's 43%. He was inaugurated on January 17, 1998.

paragraphs: In his first year as Governor, Gilmore pushed for car tax reduction legislation that was eventually passed by the Democratic-controlled General Assembly. Gilmore signed an executive order reducing state spending by all agencies, except for education, to keep the state's budget balanced during the economic downturn.

paragraphs: In 1999, Gilmore proposed and signed into law legislation that reduced tuitions at public colleges and universities by 20%. Gilmore created the nation's first state Secretary of Technology. As Governor, Gilmore signed into law legislation establishing a 24-hour waiting period and informed consent for women seeking an abortion, as well as a ban against partial birth abortion.

paragraphs: The Virginia Constitution forbids any Governor from serving consecutive terms, so Gilmore could not run for a second term in 2001. He was succeeded by Democrat Mark Warner, who took office in early 2002.

paragraphs: In the November election, Gilmore was defeated, winning only 34 percent of the vote to Warner's 65 percent. Gilmore only carried four counties in the state – Rockingham, Augusta, Powhatan and Hanover. In many cases, he lost in many areas of the state that are normally reliably Republican.

paragraphs: On December 19, 2006, Gilmore announced he would form an exploratory committee to "fill the conservative void" in the race. On January 9, 2007, Gilmore officially filed papers with the Federal Election Commission to form the Jim Gilmore for President Exploratory Committee.

paragraphs: On July 14, 2007, Gilmore announced that he was ending his campaign. Gilmore said that it would be "impractical" to run, citing the difficulty of raising enough money to be competitive in early-voting states of Iowa, New Hampshire, and South Carolina.

paragraphs: Gilmore announced that he will run for president in his second presidential campaign for the 2016 presidential election on July 30, 2015. He withdrew after the New Hampshire primary due to poor debate and polling performances on February 12, 2016.

paragraphs: Gilmore was considered for the position of United States Ambassador to Germany by the Trump Administration, but ultimately not chosen. In November 2018, Gilmore was nominated as the next U.S. Representative to the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe with the rank of ambassador. He was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on May 23, 2019. He was sworn-in on July 2, 2019.

paragraphs: Gilmore has been married to Roxane Gatling since 1977. Together, they have two sons.


title: Volga Germans

paragraphs: Volga Germans ( or "Russlanddeutsche", , "Povolzhskie nemtsy") were ethnic Germans living along the Volga River. They kept the culture, language, traditions and religions of Germans, including Lutheranism and Roman Catholicism.

paragraphs: Catherine the Great invited Germans to immigrate. She gave them Russian lands, and allowed them to keep their language and culture.

paragraphs: The Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic of the Volga Germans (; ) existed from 1924 to 1942 with the capital in Engels.

paragraphs: Germans from Russia also settled in Argentina, Paraguay, and Brazil. Most Volga Germans who settled in Latin America were Catholic. Many Catholic Volga Germans chose South America as their new homeland because the nations in South America shared their religion.


title: Bob Ehrlich

paragraphs: Robert Leroy "Bob" Ehrlich, Jr. (born November 25, 1957) is an American attorney and Republican politician. He served as the 60th Governor of Maryland from 2003 to 2007.


title: Oestrone

paragraphs: Oestrone is an oestrogen. It is produced by the ovaries or by adipose tissue. It can be made artificially, and is used to treat deficiency of oestrogen and breast cancer.


title: Cookiecutter shark

paragraphs: The cookiecutter shark ("Isistius brasiliensis") is a species of small dogfish shark in the family Dalatiidae. This shark, also called the cigar shark, lives in warm, oceanic waters around the world. It often lives near islands. It has been recorded as deep as .

paragraphs: The name "cookiecutter shark" refers to its biting. It takes round plugs, as if cut out with a cookie cutter, out of larger animals. Marks made by cookiecutter sharks have been found on many marine mammals and fishes, as well as on submarines, undersea cables, and even human bodies.


title: Ágnes Osztolykán

paragraphs: Ágnes Osztolykán (born 3 November 1974) is a Hungarian politician and an activist for the Roma people. She was in the National Assembly of Hungary from 2010 to 2014. In 2011, she received International Women of Courage Award from the United States Department of State.

paragraphs: Osztolykán studied at the University of Miskolc. She graduated in 1998 with a degree in political science. Then she worked for the Soros Foundation. She was head of the Decade of Roma Inclusion Program at the Ministry of Social Affairs and Labor for six years.

paragraphs: She went to Parliament in 2010. She was a member of the parliamentary group of Lehet Más a Politika (LMP), or Politics Can Be Different Party. On 26 November 2012, she became deputy leader of the LMP parliamentary group.

paragraphs: Osztolykán is an activist for Romani children's education, Roma and minority rights, and the Roma in Hungary. She works for vocational training which helps students get jobs. She also works as a volunteer teacher at a Roma vocational school in Budapest’s poorer Eighth District.


title: Roza Otunbayeva

paragraphs: Roza Isakovna Otunbayeva (Kyrgyz and Russian: Роза Исаковна Отунбаева; born August 23, 1950) is a Kyrgyz diplomat and politician. She was President of Kyrgyzstan from April 7, 2010 until December 1, 2011. In 2011 she received the International Women of Courage Award from the U.S. Department of State.

paragraphs: Otunbayeva was born in Frunze (now Bishkek), in Kyrgyzstan in the Soviet Union. She got a degree in philosophy from Moscow State University in 1972. Then she was a senior professor and head of the philosophy department at Kyrgyz State National University for six years. In 1975 she got a Candidate of Sciences degree after writing a dissertation named "Critique of falsification of Marxist-Leninist dialectic by the philosophers of Frankfurt school".

paragraphs: Otunbayeva is divorced and has two children. She speaks Russian, English, German, and French in addition to Kyrgyz.

paragraphs: In 1981, Otunbayeva became a secretary of the Lenin council of Frunze. In the late 1980s, she was the head of the Soviet delegation to UNESCO in Paris. Later she was the Soviet Ambassador to Malaysia. When Kyrgyzstan became independent, she was the Foreign Minister and Deputy Prime Minister, then she was Kyrgyzstan's first ambassador to the USA and Canada. From 1998 to 2001, she was the Kyrgyz ambassador to the United Kingdom. From 2002 to 2004, she was deputy head of the United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia. On April 7, 2010, Otunbayeva became the head of a Kyrgyz interim government.


title: Peter Záboji

paragraphs: Peter (Balazs) Záboji (25 December 1943 – 3 July 2015) was an Hungarian investor and entrepreneur. He has contributed significantly to the development of start up businesses in Budapest and received the highest civil recognition from the president of Hungary.


title: John A. Williams

paragraphs: John Alfred Williams (December 5, 1925 – July 3, 2015) was an African-American author, journalist, and academic. His novel "The Man Who Cried I Am" was a bestseller in 1967.

paragraphs: Williams was born in Jackson, Mississippi. He studied at Syracuse University. Williams died in Paramus, New Jersey from Alzheimer's disease, aged 89.


title: Irwin Keyes

paragraphs: Irwin Keyes (March 16, 1952 – July 8, 2015) was an American actor He was known for his role as Hugo in the television series "The Jeffersons".

paragraphs: Keyes' family announced his death on July 8, 2015. He was 63 years old.Keyes died from acromegaly.


title: Fons van Wissen

paragraphs: Fons van Wissen (21 March 19337 July 2015) was a Dutch football player.

paragraphs: He made his debut for the Netherlands in an April 1957 friendly match against Belgium and has earned a total of 30 caps, scoring 4 goals. He represented his country in 4 FIFA World Cup qualification matches.


title: Mitraillette

paragraphs: A Mitraillette (, literally "submachine gun"), is a type of food from Belgium. It might come from Brussels, but is also popular in Flanders, Wallonia and the Nord region of France, where it is also known as an ""Américain"" (literally an "American").

paragraphs: Crudités are often included (grated carrot, fresh lettuce, tomato slices), though different in each location. Cheese and cabbage are also sometimes included.

paragraphs: Originally "mitraillettes" only contained a sausage or sliced meat. Different versions quickly became available. Often, dürüms are served instead in more multicultural areas.


title: Richard Shelby

paragraphs: Richard Shelby (born May 6, 1934) is the senior United States Senator from Alabama. He is a member of the U.S. Republican Party and has been in Senate since January 3, 1987. He was in the United States House of Representatives from 1979 to 1987.

paragraphs: Shelby was born on May 6, 1934 in Birmingham, Alabama. He graduated from the University of Alabama. Shelby Hall at the University of Alabama is the largest science facility in the US. It was finished in 2004 and named for Shelby and his wife. He is married to Dr. Annette N. Shelby. They have two children.


title: Mahogany

paragraphs: Mahogany is a hard tropical wood from the Americas. It was discovered by Europeans early in the 16th century (~1514). The wood comes from a tree, "Swietenia mahagoni". The tree is native to southern Florida and islands in the Caribbean including the Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, and Hispaniola.

paragraphs: At first, mahogany was used by the Spanish and English to build ships.

paragraphs: Mark Catesby's "Natural History" explains why:

paragraphs: "[Mahogany] has properties for that use excelling oak, and all other wood, viz. durableness, resisting gunshots, and burying the shot without splintering".

paragraphs: The second use for mahogany was to make furniture. The Spanish were first to do this, but in the 18th and early 19th century it was much used by English workshops. This period is called "Age of Mahogany". Also much furniture in mahogany was made in France and other European countries.

paragraphs: It has a few special characteristics that make mahogany a helpful wood. It is strong and durable but easy to bend so is especially helpful for carpenters. Mahogany trees, although endangered, grow very tall and are so may be cut into large sheets. Also, mahogany is resistant to stains.


title: Richard Burr

paragraphs: Richard Burr (born November 30, 1955) is the senior United States Senator from North Carolina. He is a member of the U.S. Republican Party and has been in Senate since January 3, 2005. He was in the United States House of Representatives from 1995 to 2005. Burr is the chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee. He succeeded Dianne Feinstein as chairman in January 2015.

paragraphs: In July 2016, Burr said that he would not run for re-election in 2022.

paragraphs: Burr was born on November 30, 1955 in Charlottesville, Virginia. He graduated from the Wake Forest University. He is married to Brooke Fauth. They have two children.


title: Judd Gregg

paragraphs: Judd Gregg (born February 14, 1947) is an American politician. He was a United States Senator from the state of New Hampshire. Before becoming a U.S. Senator, he was Governor of New Hampshire from 1989 to 1993.

paragraphs: Gregg was born on February 14, 1947 in Nashua, New Hampshire. He studied at Columbia University and at Boston University School of Law. He is married to Kathleen MacLellan Gregg. They have two children.


title: Mike Lamb

paragraphs: Michael Robert Lamb (born August 9, 1975) is an American former professional baseball third baseman and first baseman. Lamb stands and weighs .


title: The Highwaymen (country supergroup)

paragraphs: The Highwaymen were a Country music supergroup. It included four of the biggest stars at the time. All were well known for their ing influence on the outlaw country genre. These included Johnny Cash, Waylon Jennings, Willie Nelson, and Kris Kristofferson. The group was active between 1985 and 1995. All four had worked together before in various combinations. Their first single, "Highwayman," went to number one on the country charts. The album of the same name on Columbia Records also hit number one on the country album charts.

paragraphs: Between the years of 1997 and 1999, Nelson, Kristofferson, Cash, and Jennings also provided the voice and dramatization for the "Louis L'Amour Collection". This was a four CD box set of seven Louis L'Amour stories published by the HighBridge Company. But the four were not credited as "The Highwaymen" in this work. Only one other recording artist ever appeared on a Highwaymen recording: Johnny Rodriguez. He provided a Spanish vocal on 'Deportee', a Woody Guthrie song, from "Highwayman".


title: James Tate (writer)

paragraphs: James Vincent Tate (December 8, 1943 – July 8, 2015) was an American poet whose work earned him the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award. He was a professor of English at the University of Massachusetts Amherst and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters.


title: Yoash Tzidon

paragraphs: Yoash "Chatto" Tzidon, , (November 28, 1926 – July 8, 2015) was an Israeli former Air Force commander and politician.

paragraphs: He joined the Movement for Greater Israel, and later the Tzomet party. He was elected to the Knesset in 1988 on the Tzomet list, and was one of the instigators of the law that led to direct elections for the Prime Minister. He lost his seat in the 1992 elections.


title: Saud bin Faisal

paragraphs: Saud bin Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (), also known as Saud Al Faisal (; 2 January 1940 – 9 July 2015), was a Saudi diplomat and statesman. He served as Saudi Arabia's foreign minister from 1975 to 2015.

paragraphs: By the time of his retirement, he was the world's longest-serving foreign minister. He was a member of the Saudi royal family.

paragraphs: Saud died on 9 July 2015 from complications from Parkinson's disease after going through surgery in Los Angeles, California at the age of 75.