title: John Newbery

paragraphs: John Newbery (9 July 1713 – 22 December 1767) was called "The Father of Children's Literature". He lived and worked in England. He was the first book publisher to print lots of books for children such as "A Little Pretty Pocket Book" and "The History Of Little Goody Two-Shoes". The Newbery Medal is named after him. He also published books for grown-ups. Some of the writers for grown-ups whose books he printed were Christopher Smart, Oliver Goldsmith, and Samuel Johnson.

paragraphs: John Newbery was born in 1713. His father was Robert Newbery, a farmer who lived in Waltham St Lawrence, Berkshire, England. John Newbery did not go to school. He taught himself.

paragraphs: When he was sixteen years old, John Newbery went to live with a printer named William Ayers. He was William Ayers's apprentice. William Ayers taught John Newbery how to be a printer. After some time, William Ayers sold his printing shop to William Carnan. William Carnan also taught John Newbery how to be a printer. In 1737 William Carnan died. When he died, he gave the printing shop to his brother Charles Carnan and also to John Newbery. They shared the shop and worked together.

paragraphs: Two years after William Carnan died, John Newbery married a woman named Jordan Mary. Jordan Mary was William Carnan's wife before William died. Jordan Mary and William Carnan had three children before William Carnan died. Their names were John, Thomas, and Anna-Maria. When John Newbery married Jordan Mary, he adopted her three children to be his own children. John Newbery and Jordan Mary had three new children. Their names were Mary, John, and Francis. Mary was born in 1740. John was born in 1741. He died when he was 11 years old. Francis was born in 1743.

paragraphs: In 1740, John Newbery worked as a printer in Reading, England. One of the first books he printed was called "The Whole Duty of Man". It was written by Richard Allestree. In 1743, John Newbery went to London to work as a printer there. He gave his printing shop in Reading to John Carnan. John Carnan was the oldest son of Jordan Mary and William Carnan.

paragraphs: John Newbery's first printing shop in London was at the Bible and Crown near Devereux Court. First he printed books for grown-ups. Soon he started to print books for children. The first children's book he printed was called "A Little Pretty Pocket-Book". He started printing it on July 18, 1744. It cost six pence, or English pennies. A person who bought "A Little Pretty Pocket-Book" from John Newbery could also buy a red and black toy ball from him for two more pennies. The toy ball was made of cloth and stuffed with sawdust. Children who read the book could stick pins into the ball. They stuck a pin into the red side of the ball when they were good at reading the selection. They stuck a pin into the black side of the ball when they were bad at it. This made them think about whether they were being good or bad. John Newbery thought this game with the ball would encourage the children to be more fluent when reading.

paragraphs: Many people liked "A Little Pretty Pocket-Book". It had a bright colored cover. It was small enough for children to carry in their pockets. It had poems and wise sayings and an alphabet song printed in it. John Newbery sold a lot of copies of "A Little Pretty Pocket Book". He printed more books for children. He sold more children's books than any other book printer who sold children's books at that time.

paragraphs: In 1745, John Newbery got a better printing shop. This shop was at 65 St. Paul's Churchyard. John Newbery called it the Bible and Sun. He printed books for children and grown-ups at this shop. He made so much money at this shop that he sold his old printing shop in Reading. He also made so much money that he sent his youngest son, Francis, to Oxford and to Cambridge to study there.

paragraphs: John Newbery printed about five hundred different books in his life. He printed about one hundred different books for children. He printed ABC books, story books, and magazines for children. He printed some books that he wrote. He also printed books that other people wrote. His most popular book was called "The History of Little Goody Two-Shoes". It told about a little girl who was always good.

paragraphs: John Newbery did not just sell books. He sold many things. One thing he sold was a patent medicine. It may not have been a good medicine, but John Newbery wrote about it in the books that he sold, and so people knew its name and bought it when they were sick.

paragraphs: When he was old, John Newbery was very rich. He used his money to help writers who did not have enough money to live on. Two of the writers that he helped were Samuel Johnson and Oliver Goldsmith. Both of these writers wrote stories about how good John Newbery was.

paragraphs: John Newbery died on December 22, 1767, in Islington. He is buried in Waltham St Lawrence, the same town where he was born.


title: The Story of Mankind

paragraphs: The Story of Mankind is a nonfiction book that was first published in 1921. It was the first book that ever won the Newbery Medal. It won the Newbery Medal in 1922.

paragraphs: "The Story of Mankind" was written by Hendrik Willem van Loon. He was an American writer and teacher. He wrote "The Story of Mankind" for his grandchildren. He thought that all children need to know about history.

paragraphs: "The Story of Mankind" tells how people have lived and what things people have done that made a big change in the world. It starts with cave men. It tells about many different people. The last people it tells about are the people that lived when Hendrik Willem van Loon was writing the book. That was just after World War I. At that time, lots of people wanted to make it so that there would never be another war. Hendrik Willem van Loon thought that if he taught children about history, they would not want to fight wars when they grew up.

paragraphs: In 1957 the Marx Brothers made a movie of "The Story of Mankind". It starred Ronald Colman. Lots of other movie stars were also in the movie. The movie is also called "The Story of Mankind".


title: Hendrik Willem van Loon

paragraphs: He was born in Rotterdam in the Netherlands. His father was also named Hendrik Willem van Loon. His mother was named Elisabeth Johanna Hankin. In 1902, he went to the United States to study at Cornell University. He graduated from Cornell in 1905. In 1906 he married Eliza Ingersoll Bowditch. Her father was a teacher at Harvard. They had two sons, Henry Bowditch van Loon and Gerard Willem van Loon. After they got married, Hendrik and Eliza moved to Munich, Germany. Hendrik studied at the University of Munich. In 1911 he got his Ph.D. He had to write a long paper to show that he was a good enough student to get the Ph.D. The paper he wrote was called "The Fall of the Dutch Republic". In 1913 he published it as a book. During the Russian Revolution of 1905 and again at the start of World War I he worked for the Associated Press. He went to the places where soldiers were fighting each other and wrote about what the battles were like. From 1915 to 1917 he taught at Cornell University. In 1919 he was made a citizen of the United States. In 1920 he married Eliza Helen (Jimmie) Criswell. In 1927 he married Frances Goodrich Ames, a woman who wrote plays. Later he stopped being married to Frances Ames. He went back to Eliza Criswell. No one knows if they got married again. When he died in 1944, he gave his things to Eliza Criswell.

paragraphs: Hendrik Willem van Loon wrote lots of books. His most well-known book is "The Story of Mankind". He wrote it and also drew many pictures and maps for it. It is a history of the world written for children. "The Story of Mankind" won the first Newbery Medal in 1922. People have read "The Story of Mankind" ever since it was first printed. Hendrik's son Gerard wrote more chapters for the book after more history had happened. Later, other people wrote even more chapters. The book now has about 500 pages. Hendrik also wrote lots of other books for children and young adults.

paragraphs: Hendrik Willem van Loon visited Germany lots of times in the 1920s. In 1933, when the Nazis ruled Germany, they told him he could not visit Germany any more. In 1938, Hendrik wrote a book that he called "Our Battle: Being One Man's Answer to "My Battle" by Adolf Hitler". This book said why Hendrik did not like Adolf Hitler's book "Mein Kampf". ("Mein Kampf" means "My Battle" in the German language.) Franklin Delano Roosevelt liked Hendrik's book "Our Battle" very much. In 1940, Hendrik helped Roosevelt try to get to be President of the United States.

paragraphs: Someone once asked Hendrik Willem van Loon how to say his last name. He answered, "I still stick to the Dutch pronunciation of the double "o"—"Loon" like "loan" in 'Loan and Trust Co.' My sons will probably accept the American pronunciation. It really does not matter very much."

paragraphs: These are the books that Hendrik Willem van Loon wrote. The dates show the first time each book was printed. The other names tell what publisher printed them.

paragraphs: Francesco Guccini, a man from Italy who writes songs, wrote a song called "Van Loon". Guccini's father loved Hendrik Willem Van Loon's books. The song is on Guccini's music album called "Signora Bovary".


title: The Great Quest

paragraphs: The Great Quest by Charles Hawes is an adventure story for children. It was a Newbery Honor book in 1922. George Varian drew the pictures. The Atlantic Monthly Press was its publisher.

paragraphs: The story happens in 1826. It starts in Topham, Massachusetts. Topham is not a real town. In the story, Joe Woods lives in Topham with his uncle, who is named Seth Woods. Seth Woods has a friend named Cornelius Gleazen. Cornelius is a very bad man. Cornelius makes Seth sell all his things and use the money to buy a ship. Cornelius tells Seth that they will sail the ship to Guinea in Africa and dig up a lot of gold that Cornelius has buried there. Seth takes Joe and some other men with him on the trip. But when the ship stops in Cuba, Cornelius tells Seth and Joe that he lied. He really wants to take a lot of the people who live in Guinea away from their homes and bring them back to Cuba. He will sell them to people who live in Cuba. The people from Guinea will be slaves.

paragraphs: Seth and Joe are very angry, but they cannot stop Cornelius. They have to go to Guinea. In Guinea, they rescue a white girl. Her father was a preacher in Guinea, but the people who lived in Guinea did not like him. Cornelius and Seth die in Guinea. Joe and the other men who were on the ship travel back home from Guinea to Massachusetts. On the way, they stop in South America. One of the men stays there. When they get home, Joe marries the white girl that he rescued in Guinea, and they live happily ever after.


title: Ray Combs

paragraphs: Raymond Neil "Ray" Combs, Jr. (April 3, 1956 – June 2, 1996) was an American comedian, actor, and television game show host. He is best known for being the host of "Family Feud" from 1988 to 1994. He was born in Hamilton, Ohio.

paragraphs: Combs started out as a stand-up comedian. Because of his popularity, he became the host of "Family Feud" in 1988. He hosted it on CBS and in syndication until 1994. He also hosted another game show called "Family Challenge" from 1995 to 1996.

paragraphs: On June 2, 1996, after problems with his marriage and finances, Combs killed himself by hanging while in Glendale Adventist Medical Center in Glendale, California.


title: 1971 San Fernando earthquake

paragraphs: The 1971 San Fernando earthquake (also known as the Sylmar earthquake) happened in the early morning of February 9 in the San Gabriel Mountains. It was at the northern edge of the San Fernando Valley in southern California. The quake measured 6.6 on the Richter scale. The damage was severe near the San Fernando Valley. The quake happened at 6am Pacific Standard Time. Sixty-four people died from the earthquake.


title: Shirley Valentine (movie)

paragraphs: Shirley Valentine is a 1989 British romantic comedy-movie. It stars Pauline Collins. Tom Conti plays her lover. Bernard Hill plays her husband. Alison Steadman plays her friend.

paragraphs: It is about a Liverpool housewife whose family gives her too little attention. She travels to Greece and has an affair with a local man.

paragraphs: The screenplay is by Willy Russell. It is based on his 1986 one-character play of the same title.

paragraphs: This movie was released in August 1989 in the United States. The reviews for "Shirley Valentine" were mixed. The movie received several awards and was nominated for some Golden Globe and Academy Awards.


title: Charles Hawes

paragraphs: Charles Boardman Hawes (January 24, 1889 – July 16, 1923) was an American writer. He wrote stories about the sea. Some of the stories were true and some were not true. His best-known stories are not true; they are fictional. He died when he was 34 years old. He was the third person who won the Newbery Medal, and he was the first winner who was born in the United States. Hendrik Willem van Loon was born in the Netherlands and Hugh Lofting was born in England. The New York Times said his books were like books written by Robert Louis Stevenson, Richard Henry Dana, Jr., and Herman Melville.

paragraphs: Charles Boardman Hawes was born in Clifton Springs, New York. His father was named Charles T. Hawes. Charles Boardman Hawes grew up in Bangor, Maine. In 1911 he graduated from Bowdoin College. He was the editor of the student newspaper there. He studied at Harvard for one year. He worked for a magazine called "The Youth's Companion" until 1920. He was an editor for another magazine called "The Open Road for Boys" until he died in 1923. On June 1, 1916, Charles Boardman Hawes married Dorothea Cable. She lived in Northampton, Massachusetts. Her father was George W. Cable, who wrote books. Her mother was Louise S. Bartlett.

paragraphs: Charles Boardman Hawes had his first story book published in 1920. It was called "The Mutineers: a tale of old days at sea and of adventures in the Far East as Benjamin Lathrop set it down some sixty years ago." He had his second story book published in 1921. It was called "The Great Quest: A romance of 1826, wherein are recorded the experiences of Josiah Woods of Topham, and of those others with whom he sailed for Cuba and the Gulf of Guinea." That book was a Newbery Medal Honor Book in 1922. Honor Book means that it did not win but the judges thought that it was a good book anyway.

paragraphs: Charles Boardman Hawes wrote two more books before he died. One was called "Gloucester, by Land and Sea". It was a true story about Gloucester, Massachusetts, which was the town where Hawes lived. This book was published two days after he died. The other book was called "The Dark Frigate, Wherein is told the story of Philip Marsham who lived in the time of King Charles and was bred a sailor but came home to England after many hazards by sea and land and fought for the King at Newbury and lost a great inheritance and departed for Barbados by the same ship, by curious chance, in which he had long before adventured with the pirates." That book won the Newbery Medal for 1924. In 1962 "The Dark Frigate" also won the Lewis Carroll Shelf Award.

paragraphs: After Charles Boardman Hawes died, his publishers held a contest. A $2,000 prize was given to the best book that was like the book which Hawes wrote. The book that won was called "The Scarlet Cockerel". It was written by a farm worker named Clifford MacClellan Sublette. Hawes's publishers printed "The Scarlet Cockerel" in 1925. They also printed two other books that they had gotten from the contest.


title: Killing Zoe

paragraphs: Killing Zoe is a 1994 French-American crime drama thriller movie. The subject is incidents in Paris, including robbing banks. The robbery at one Paris bank goes wrong. The police get involved and kill all except one of the robbers.

paragraphs: This movie was released in August 1994 in the United States. The movie received mixed reviews from the critics.


title: Four Rooms

paragraphs: Four Rooms is a 1995 American comedy movie set in a hotel on New Year's Eve.

paragraphs: The cast includes Tim Roth, Jennifer Beals, Madonna, Marisa Tomei, Antonio Banderas, Quentin Tarantino, and others.

paragraphs: "Four Rooms" got negative reviews from the critics. However, the movie earned back just beyond its actual budget.


title: Têt (river)

paragraphs: The Têt () is the largest river in Roussillon, southeastern France. The valley formed by the river, the "Valley of the Têt" (), was named as Region of Art and History () by the French Ministry of Culture and Communication.

paragraphs: The Têt river is . Its source is on the northeastern side of Pic Carlit at an elevation of , in the municipality of Angoustrine-Villeneuve-des-Escaldes.

paragraphs: It crosses the Pyrénées-Orientales "département" (Northern Catalonia) from West to East and ends in the Mediterranean Sea, near Perpignan ().

paragraphs: The Têt has 43 tributaries; some of them are:

paragraphs: Some towns and cities found along the river, with the Catalan name in parentheses, are:


title: Cedric the Forester

paragraphs: Cedric the Forester is a long story for children and young adults. It was written by Bernard Marshall. It was a Newbery Medal Honor Book in 1922.

paragraphs: Dickon Mountjoy tells the story. He is a Norman boy who lives in a castle in England in the 13th century. His best friend is Cedric, a boy who lives in a cottage in the forest. Cedric is very good at shooting with a bow and arrow. Dickon and Cedric grow up together and have many adventures. In the end, they help to get King John of England to sign the Magna Carta.


title: Bernard Marshall

paragraphs: Bernard Gay Marshall (August 23, 1875 - December 14, 1945) was an American writer. He wrote long stories about people who lived in the past. His stories were for children and young adults. One of his stories, "Cedric the Forester", was a Newbery Medal Honor Book in 1922.

paragraphs: Bernard Gay Marshall was born in North Easton, Massachusetts. His father was named Francis F. Marshall. His mother was named Helen F. Doten Marshall. He lived in North Easton until he grew up. He always wanted to be a writer who made up stories. He did not think he could earn much money by making up stories, so he worked at other jobs. Some of those jobs were playing music, writing down the words that people said when they talked about the law, and writing to tell people about how machines worked or about things that they could buy. During World War I he worked at making ships. In July 1903, Bernard Gay Marshall married Ida M. Conklin. They had one daughter. Her name was Harriet C. Marshall.

paragraphs: Bernard Gay Marshall wrote five adventure stories for children and young adults. He also wrote a lot of short stories and nonfiction articles for magazines. Some of these magazines were "Sunset", "Boys' Life", "St Nicholas", "Munsey's Magazine", "The American Magazine", and "The American Boy".

paragraphs: His first book, "Cedric the Forester", was made a Newbery Medal Honor Book in 1922. Some people said that Bernard Marshall's books were as good as Sir Walter Scott's books, but other people said they were not quite that good. A lot of people said that his books were so good that grown-ups and children should all read them.

paragraphs: All of these books were published by D. Appleton, and the pictures were drawn by J. Scott Williams.


title: The Old Tobacco Shop

paragraphs: The Old Tobacco Shop: A True Account of What Befell a Little Boy in Search of Adventure is a book for children by William Bowen. It is a fantasy story. It was published by Macmillan in 1921. Reginald Birch drew the pictures. It was made a Newbery Medal Honor Book in 1922.

paragraphs: Freddie is five years old. He makes friends with Mr Toby Littleback, who owns a tobacco shop. Mr Toby lives with his Aunt Amanda. He also has a wooden statue named Mr Punch. The statue stands in front of Mr Toby's shop. One day, Freddie smokes some magic tobacco, which makes all the people in the tobacco shop go away on a magical adventure. At the end of the adventure, Freddie wakes up and finds that the story was all a dream. The magic tobacco made him fall asleep and dream about adventures.


title: Julia Ward Howe

paragraphs: Julia Ward Howe (27 May 1819 – 17 October 1910) was an American social activist, abolitionist and poet. She wrote several books and works of poetry. Her first book was an anonymous work of poetry that came out in 1854. It was titled "Passion-Flowers". In November 1861 she wrote the song "The Battle Hymn of the Republic". Howe also focused on women's suffrage and pacifism. Howe was born in New York. She died from pneumonia at age ninety-one in Rhode Island.


title: Anna Brownell Jameson

paragraphs: Anna Brownell Jameson (May 17, 1794 – March 17, 1860) was an English author. She wrote several books. She wrote "Characteristics of Women" in 1832. In 1842 she wrote "Companion to the Private Galleries".

paragraphs: Jameson was born in Dublin, Ireland. She died in 1860, age 65.


title: Carolyn Jones

paragraphs: Carolyn Sue Jones (April 28, 1930 – August 3, 1983) was an American actress. She performed in movies and television series. She began her career in the early 1950s. She was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress in 1957. She was also nominated for a Golden Globe Award in 1959. Beginning in 1964, she played Morticia Addams in the television show "The Addams Family".

paragraphs: Jones was born in Amarillo, Texas. She died near Hollywood, California due to colon cancer at the age of 53.


title: Missing in action

paragraphs: Missing in action (MIA) refers to a soldier who is reported to have gone missing during active service. The soldier may have been killed, injured, captured or deserted. It is not known what happened to them. If they are dead, neither their body nor grave can be found or identified. Going missing in action has been a risk for people in armed forces for as long as there has been war.

paragraphs: According to official US Department of Army and Department of Navy casualty records, submitted to Congress in 1946 and updated in 1953, the combined possible total of missing service personnel worldwide is closer to approximately 6600 and probably considerably fewer. Since DPAA alone designates such WWII personnel as the crew of the USS Arizona and most of that of USS Oklahoma as both "missing" and "unaccounted-for" it is possible that DPAA records keeping may be somewhat idiosyncratic.

paragraphs: According to the US Dept of Defense as of June 26, 2020:Total of working number of MIA US Servicemen:7,581

paragraphs: According to the US Dept of Defense as of June 26,2020:Total of MIA US Servicemen/Civilians: 1,587

paragraphs: As of June 26,2020 Total US MIAS World War II to present: 81,890


title: Sarah Roemer

paragraphs: Sarah Roemer (born August 28, 1984) is an American model and actress. She acts mostly in independent movies. She played Lacey Kimble in "The Grudge 2", a 2006 movie. She played Ashley Carlson the following year in "Disturbia". She also acted as Leila Buchanan in the NBC series "The Event". Roemer was born in San Diego, California.


title: Christy Carlson Romano

paragraphs: Christy Carlson Romano (March 20, 1984) is an American actress and musician. She recorded songs for Disney-related movies. She was the voice for the title character in the show "Kim Possible". She also played a trick-or-treat child in "Everyone Says I Love You" in 1996. Carlson Romano was born in Connecticut.


title: Haemolymph

paragraphs: Haemolymph (hemolymph) is a blood-like fluid in the circulatory system of insects and other Arthropods (spiders and crustaceans). Molluscs also have a similar circulatory system.

paragraphs: Insects and their relatives use a molecule called haemocyanin, which does the same job as haemoglobin does in vertebrates. Haemocyanin has a greenish colour, not red. The insect circulatory system has no veins or arteries. Their haemolymph moves around in the space called the haemocoel. The organs sit in the haemocoel and are bathed in the haemolymph. The 'heart' is little more than a single tube which pulses (squeezes).


paragraphs: The Golden Fleece and the Heroes Who Lived Before Achilles is a children's book. It was written by Padraic Colum. Willy Pogany drew the pictures. This book uses English words to tell a lot of stories that were told in the Greek language before. The stories are very old. This book was published in 1921. In 1922, it was made a Newbery Medal Honor Book.

paragraphs: This book tells about a young man named Jason who went on an adventure far away from home. He was looking for the Golden Fleece. He took fifty friends with him. His friends were the strongest and bravest people in the world. They were called the Argonauts, because they sailed in a ship called Argo. One of his friends, Orpheus, was the best singer and music maker in the world. In this book, while Jason and his friends look for the Golden Fleece, Orpheus tells them a lot of other stories about places they go and people they meet. Of all the stories in the book, the ones that are not the main story about Jason go in this order:

paragraphs: After Jason gets the Golden Fleece, he hears that if he goes home right away his wicked uncle will kill him. So he and his fifty friends go and have other adventures instead. These are those adventures:

paragraphs: Finally it is safe for Jason to go back home. He goes home and lives happily ever after, and teaches younger people to have adventures.


title: Anna Nalick

paragraphs: Anna Nalick (b. March 30, 1984) is an American singer and songwriter. Her first hit song, "Breathe (2AM)", was released in April 2005. She released the album "Broken Doll & Odds & Ends" in June 2011. Nalick was born in California.


title: June Marlowe

paragraphs: June Marlowe (November 6, 1903 – March 10, 1984) was an American actress. She worked a lot in the 1920s. She played schoolteacher Miss Crabtree in six of the "Our Gang" children's comedies. Those movies included "Teacher's Pet", "School's Out" and "Love Business". Marlowe was born in St. Cloud, Minnesota. She died from Parkinson's disease at age 80.


title: Blackjack Mulligan

paragraphs: Robert Jack Windham (born November 26, 1942 in Sweetwater, Texas - April 7, 2016) better known by his ring name, Blackjack Mulligan, was a retired American professional wrestler, author and former American football player.

paragraphs: Before he started his professional wrestling career, Windham played football at Texas Western College, which is now known as the University of Texas at El Paso. He then left UTEP to play the pre-season for the New York Jets of the National Football League.

paragraphs: Wahoo McDaniel told Windham to train for professional wrestling and he trained with Verne Gagne. He would later join the American Wrestling Association and moved to the World Wide Wrestling Federation.

paragraphs: During his time in the WWWF, Windham became a villain called Blackjack Mulligan. Windham would later team with Jack Lanza which he formed the tag team, The Blackjacks with. He won the NWA American Tag Team Championship, NWA Texas Tag Team Championship, WWA World Tag Team Championship and the WWWF World Tag Team Championship during his time in The Blackjacks.

paragraphs: He also wrestled as a singles competitor and once competed for the WWWF Championship against Pedro Morales in Boston. During the match, Morales slashed Windham across his leg and arm with a knife. The wound became infected but Windham recovered.

paragraphs: He also teamed with André the Giant and Bill Eadie in the wrestling stable, The Machines.

paragraphs: Bobby "The Brain" Heenan inducted The Blackjacks into the WWE Hall of Fame in 2006.

paragraphs: He is part of the Windham wrestling family and is the father of wrestlers Barry and Kendall Windham, the father-in-law of Mike Rotundo, and the grandfather of Bray Wyatt and Bo Dallas.

paragraphs: Windham held many championships during his professional wrestling career:


title: Românii au talent

paragraphs: Românii au talent () is a TV show which started on 18 February 2011. The project is a franchise of Got Talent, developed by Simco Limited. The hosts of the show are Smiley and Pavel Bartoş. The judges are the Romanian singer Andra, Pro TV star and presenter Andi Moisescu and a well known Romanian dancer, Mihai Petre. It started on the a Romanian TV channel, ProTV.


title: Cessna 188

paragraphs: The Cessna 188 is a single-engine agricultural aircraft. It was designed and built in USA between 1966 and 1983. It is used for crop dusting. More than 3900 examples were built.


title: Soufrière Hills

paragraphs: The Soufrière Hills volcano is an active stratovolcano on the Caribbean island of Montserrat. After being dormant for a long time, it became active in 1995. It has been active since then. Because of its eruptions, no one can live on the south half of Montserrat. The capital city, Plymouth, was destroyed. About two thirds of the population had to leave Montserrat. It had been showing signs of erupting for a long time before it did. When it did erupt, 19 out of the 23 people that remained burned to death because of the pyroclastic flow which was .


title: Bombardier CL-415

paragraphs: The Bombardier CL-415 is a modernized variant of the famous Canadair CL-215. It's a twin-turboprops amphibious aircraft used for water bombing. Some are used for maritime patrol.

paragraphs: It is used in Canada, Croatia, France, Greece, Italy, Malaysia, Morocco, Spain, and the USA.


title: Luxor Obelisk

paragraphs: The Luxor Obelisk is an Egyptian obelisk offered to Napoleon Bonaparte by Muhammad Ali Pasha. It was built in 1830. It is currently installed in the center of the famous Place de la Concorde in Paris. It is sometimes also named Concorde Obelisk. It is 23 meters tall and weighs of 234 metric tons. It is built in Syenite.


title: PVP

paragraphs: The PVP for "Petit Véhicule Protégé" () is a light military car designed and built in France by Panhard. It is a four-wheel drive car. It is used by the French Army for reconnaissance. In 2013 the other countries that use it are Chile, Romania, and Togo. In France this vehicle will replace Peugeot P4.


title: Sowerby family

paragraphs: The Sowerby family was a British family of four generations of naturalists, illustrators, botanists, and zoologists.

paragraphs: Most of their work was on molluscs and their systematics. Together, they introduced many taxonomic names (sometimes the number 5000 is mentioned).

paragraphs: All three of the G.B Sowerbys published extensively on the subject of conchology, which is the collection and study of shells. Even for professional taxonomists it is difficult to know which of the three "G.B. Sowerbys" is meant in a particular citation. The numbering system G.B. Sowerby I, II, or III helps. "Sowerby, 1870" can refer to either G.B. Sowerby II or G.B. Sowerby III.


title: Craig Robinson (basketball)

paragraphs: Craig Malcolm Robinson (born April 21, 1962) is an American college basketball coach, basketball executive, and broadcaster. He is a former head men's basketball coach at Oregon State University. His sister is U.S. First Lady Michelle Obama. In the 1983 NBA Draft, Robinson was drafted by the Philadelphia 76ers.


title: Ann Little

paragraphs: Mary Brooks (better known as Ann Little; born February 7, 1891 – died May 21, 1984) was an American actress. She acted mostly in Westerns. She acted mostly in silent movies. Besides Westerns, she acted in some comedies and dramas. She retired from performing in movies while still popular in 1932.

paragraphs: Brooks was born in California. She died in Los Angeles at ninety-three.


title: Peyton Place (book)

paragraphs: Peyton Place is a novel by Grace Metalious. It was published in 1956. It is a "tell-all" book about the secrets of a small town in New England. It sold more than 100,000 copies in its first month of release. The book was the basis for a movie of the same name starring Lana Turner, and a 1965 prime time television soap opera starring Mia Farrow and Dorothy Malone.


title: Eva Hesse

paragraphs: Eva Hesse (January 11, 1936 – May 29, 1970) was a German-born and American-raised sculptor and painter. Her career was short. She worked with fiberglass and plastics. She also sculpted with other materials. Hesse was born near Hamburg, Germany. She moved to New York City.

paragraphs: Hesse died in 1970 from a brain tumor diagnosed the previous year.


title: James Sowerby

paragraphs: James Sowerby (21 March 1757 – 25 October 1822) was an English naturalist and illustrator. He did the illustration for many published works. "English Botany" and "A Specimen of the Botany of New Holland" were especially noteworthy.

paragraphs: Sowerby was the start of a family business which was carried on for several generations. The Sowerby family became a dynasty of illustrators and natural historians. They lived and worked in the London of the late 18th and the 19th centuries.

paragraphs: James Sowerby first worked with William Curtis, whose "Flora Londinensis" he illustrated. Early volumes of the first British botany journal," The Botanical Magazine" (edited by Curtis), contained seventy of his illustrations.

paragraphs: In 1790, he began the first of several huge projects: a 36-volume work on "English Botany" which was published over the next 24 years. It contained 2592 hand-colored engravings and became known as "Sowerby's Botany".

paragraphs: A huge number of plants got their first formal publication here. The text, unattributed, was written by James Edward Smith. Sowerby set out to supplement "English Botany" with his own text and descriptions of "Coloured figures of English fungi or mushrooms", 4 vols.

paragraphs: "A Specimen of the Botany of New Holland" was written by James Edward Smith and illustrated by James Sowerby. It was the first monograph on the flora of Australia. It was intended to meet "the general interest in, and propagation of, the flowering species of the new antipodean colonies". Sowerby's own hand coloured engravings, based upon original sketches and specimens brought to England, were both descriptive and striking.

paragraphs: Sowerby's detailed and appealing plates in vivid colour and readable texts were intended to reach a growing readership interested in natural history.


title: Bo (dog)

paragraphs: Bo (born October 9, 2008) is a pet dog of the Obama family, the former First Family of the United States. Bo is a neutered male Portuguese Water Dog.

paragraphs: Barack Obama and his family were given the dog as a gift after months of speculation about the breed and identity of their future pet. The final choice was made partly because Malia Obama's allergies made a hypoallergenic breed necessary.

paragraphs: Bo was occasionally given the title "First Dog of the United States of America". In August 2013, Bo was joined by Sunny, a female dog of the same breed.

paragraphs: The Obamas originally wanted to adopt a dog from an animal shelter, but made no promises. In the summer of 2008, Best Friends Animal Society, an animal welfare organization, gathered 50,000 signatures on a petition asking the family to adopt a shelter animal.

paragraphs: Bo is a gift through a breeder and is not a shelter dog. Dog expert Cesar Milan said Bo was part of a larger group known as "rescue dogs". He was unsuccessful in his first home when plans for him to be friends with an older female dog did not go well. The Obamas pledged a donation to the DC Humane Society in a show of support for shelter dogs.

paragraphs: Some animal welfare supporters criticized The White House for not adopting a shelter dog. The Humane Society of the United States released a statement thanking the Obamas "for taking in a second-chance dog," but also discouraged going through breeders.


title: Marian Shields Robinson

paragraphs: Marian Lois Robinson (née Shields; July 30, 1937) is the mother of Michelle Obama and mother-in-law of President Barack Obama. She is the only living grandparent of Malia and Sasha Obama. She also has one granddaughter, Leslie Robinson, and two grandsons, Avery and Austin Robinson, from her son, Craig Robinson.

paragraphs: According to her youngest brother Steve Shields, Robinson was the fourth of seven children—five girls, followed by two boys. Her father was a house painter and her mother was a licensed practical nurse.

paragraphs: Robinson married Fraser Robinson on October 27, 1960. She is now a widow. In addition to their daughter Michelle, they also had a son, Craig. Craig is the current coach of the Oregon State University men's basketball team. Robinson was formerly a secretary for mail-order retailer Spiegel and at a bank. While Michelle and Barack Obama campaigned in 2008, Robinson cared for her granddaughters. Early in January 2009, it was reported that Robinson would move into the White House with the rest of the First Family (the president's family), so that she could continue to care for her granddaughters. She was the first grandmother to live in the White House since Elivera M. Doud during the Eisenhower administration. Some news agencies have called Robinson the "First Granny."


title: William Riley Dunham

paragraphs: William Riley Dunham (1856–1921) wan an American politician. He was a member of the Indiana General Assembly from 1913 to 1915. He represented Hamilton and Tipton counties. An issue of the "Kempton Courier" in 1912 called Dunham "the man known by name by more men, women and children than any other one man in Tipton County".


title: Stanley Armour Dunham

paragraphs: Stanley Armour Dunham (March 23, 1918 – February 8, 1992) was the maternal grandfather of U.S. President Barack Obama. He and his wife Madelyn Payne Dunham raised Obama from the age of 10 in Honolulu, Hawaii.


title: Citroën H

paragraphs: The Citroën H is a van designed and built by French company Citroën from 1948 to 1981. It is also used as minibus.


title: Turntable ladder

paragraphs: A Turntable ladder is a kind of fire truck use for attack the fire in height. It's generally a truck with a mobile ladder. Some had a cradle.


Nakhchivan


title: Blue blanquillo

paragraphs: The blue blanquillo (Malacanthus latovittatus, also known as the banded blanquillo, striped blanquillo, false whiting, sand tilefish or eye of the sea) is a species of tilefish. It is one of the many members of the family Malacanthidae. It is the only species within the genus "Malacanthus".

paragraphs: Fish from the family Malacanthidae have streamlined bodies and large crests on their head. They have relatively long dorsal fins and anal fins. The blue blanquillo gets its name from its mainly blue colour. It also has some shades of yellow, and can change colour in different situations. On their backs, there is a set of stripes that run across its body. Their belly is white. The colour of the head changes from a light blue to a pinkish mix during spawning season.

paragraphs: Blue blanquillo fish are usually found in the Indo-Pacific area. They live anywhere from the Red Sea to the Line Islands, north to southern Japan and south to New Caledonia and the Cook Islands. They are often seen in areas around coral reefs near the sea floor.

paragraphs: "Malacanthus latovittatus" does not swim in groups. They are often found swimming alone or two together. They are known to clean other fish. They also mimic the wrasse to stop predators from eating it.

paragraphs: The fish can swim at depths of . The temperatures of the water it swims in normally range from . They tend to swim high above the floor of the sea. This is so that they can pick prey from the ground with their eyesight, which is very good.

paragraphs: The blue blanquillo's main staple are the invertebrates or zooplankton that live near the bottom of the sea. They also eat crustaceans such as crabs and shrimp, molluscs, worms, sea urchins and small fish. Their common predators are reef sharks, and other larger fish. They are also eaten by humans.


title: Miomantinae

paragraphs: Miomantinae is a subfamily of mantids. The species look and behave similar to other insects of the Mantidea family. It includes 2 tribes: Miomantini and Rivetinini.

paragraphs: There are about 28 subfamilies of this species in Australia. They mainly live in temperate regions across the country. They are also found across temperate areas of New Zealand.

paragraphs: The only species of this subfamily present in Italy are "Geomantis larvoides" and "Rivetina Baetica".


title: Australia's Next Top Model, Cycle 4

paragraphs: Australia's Next Top Model, Cycle 4 is the fourth cycle of Australia's Next Top Model. This cycle includes 13 contestants. The winner was 16-year-old Demelza Reveley from Wollongong.


title: Alan Whicker

paragraphs: Alan Donald Whicker (4 August 1921 – 12 July 2013) was a British journalist and television presenter. He was born to British parents in Cairo, Egypt. At age three he moved to Richmond, Surrey. He presented "Whicker's World" for 29 years. He died of bronchopneumonia at his home in Jersey, Channel Islands.


title: Leon Thomas III

paragraphs: Leon Thomas III (born August 1, 1993 in Brooklyn, New York City) is an American actor and singer. He is best known for his role as "André Harris" on the Nickelodeon television series "Victorious".

paragraphs: At the age of 10 years, Thomas appeared on stage for the first time. He played young "Simba" in the Broadway musical "The Lion King". In 2004 he played "Jackie Thibodeaux" in the Broadway play "Caroline, or Change". He played "Arthur" in the movie "August Rush". From 2010-2013 he played "André Harris" on the Nickelodeon television series "Victorious". He was also in the crossover between "Victorious" and "iCarly". He had also other small roles like "Harper" in "iCarly", "Just Jordan" and "Jack's Big Music Show".


title: Adrienne Rich

paragraphs: Adrienne Cecile Rich (May 16, 1929 – March 27, 2012) was an American poet, essayist and feminist. She received credit for bringing attention to the oppression of women and lesbians. She wrote many fiction and non-fiction books and many poetry. Her most controversial work was "Of Woman Born: Motherhood and Institution" in 1976. In 1986 Rich's 1980 essay "Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence" against heterosexuality forced by society was published. In 1974 she won National Book Award.

paragraphs: Rich was born in Baltimore, Maryland. She died from rheumatoid arthritis in Santa Cruz, California at age eighty-two. At the time Rich lived with her partner Michelle Cliff.


title: Rachel

paragraphs: Rachel is a female given name. It is a popular name in English.


title: Padraic Colum

paragraphs: Pádraic Colum (8 December 1881 – 11 January 1972) was an Irish writer. He wrote poetry, long made-up stories, plays, true stories about the lives of people who made big changes in the world, and stories for children. He also wrote down stories other people told, if the stories were so old that nobody knew who told them the very first time. He was one of the Irish writers who were part of the Irish Literary Revival. This was a time when many very good Irish writers all wrote lots of stories and poems that were full of big important thoughts. It happened near the end of the 19th century and near the start of the 20th century.

paragraphs: Padraic Colum was born in County Longford, Ireland. When he was born, his name was Patrick Collumb. He changed it later. He was born in a place where poor people could live if they did not have homes of their own. He was born there because his father worked there. His father's name was also Patrick Collumb. His mother's name was Susan Collumb. Patrick and Susan Collumb had seven more children after they had Padraic Colum.

paragraphs: In 1889, Patrick Collumb lost his job at the place where poor people could live. He left Ireland. He did not take Susan and Padraic and his other children with him. He went to Pike's Peak, a mountain which is in Colorado in the United States. He looked for gold there. Lots of other people also went to Pike's Peak to look for gold. Patrick Collumb did not find much gold. In 1892, he came back to Ireland. He got a job at a place where trains stopped. This job was at Glasthule, Ireland, which is near Dublin. Padraic went to school in Dublin. In 1897, Susan Collumb died. Most of the family left Dublin. They moved back to Longford. Padraic did not go to Longford. He kept going to school in Dublin. One of his brothers also went to school in Dublin.

paragraphs: When Padraic Colum was seventeen years old, he finished going to school. He got a job writing down where many trains went and what they carried to each place. He worked at this job until 1903. While Padraic worked at this job, he also started to write stories. Padraic read a lot of books about Ireland at the National Library of Ireland. Padraic made friends with a writer called James Joyce at the library. Padraic Colum and James Joyce were always friends after that. Padraic was also friends with a man called Herbert Hughes. Herbert studied music. Herbert and Padraic talked to a lot of people who knew old folk songs that people in Ireland had sung for many years. Herbert and Padraic wrote down the songs. Herbert wrote down the music and Padraic wrote down the words. Some of the songs were in the Irish language, so Padraic wrote English words for them. He did this so that more people would sing them. An American man named Thomas Kelly gave Padraic money to go to school some more. Padraic went to school for five years at University College Dublin with this money.

paragraphs: At that time, most Irish people could not speak the Irish language. Padraic joined a group of people who wanted more Irish people to learn how to speak the Irish language. They called themselves the Gaelic League, because the name of the Irish language is "Gaelic".

paragraphs: Padraic wrote his first play in 1903. He called it "Broken Soil". Later he changed some of the words in the play. He called the changed play "The Fiddler's House". A group of actors who called themselves W. G. Fay's Irish National Dramatic Company acted out this play. In 1905 Padraic wrote a play called "The Land". The same group of actors acted out that play. Many people said that the actors and the play were very good. Later, these actors were part of the Abbey Theatre. This was a place where Irish people who wrote plays could have their plays acted out. At that time, many people did not think that Irish people could write very well. The Abbey Theatre helped to show these people that Irish people could write good plays. Padraic helped to run the Abbey Theatre.

paragraphs: Padraic wrote a play called "The Saxon Shillin"'. This play said that Irish people should not fight in the English army. At the time Padraic wrote the play, England ruled Ireland, and Padraic did not like that. The Gaelic League gave Padraic a prize because they liked that play. Padraic also wrote other plays. The Abbey Theatre showed some of Padraic's plays. One of those plays was called "Thomas Muskerry". Padraic wrote it in 1910.

paragraphs: Padraic had a friend called Arthur Griffith. Arthur Griffith was the leader of Sinn Fein. Sinn Fein was a political group. The people in Sinn Fein did not want England to rule Ireland any more. Arthur Griffith printed a newspaper that said why he thought England should not rule Ireland. This newspaper was called "The United Irishman". Padraic wrote poems that Arthur Griffith printed in his newspaper. One of Padraic's poems was called "The Poor Scholar". William Butler Yeats liked this poem very much. Yeats was an Irish writer. Many people said he was the best Irish writer who was alive at that time. William Butler Yeats was friends with Padraic Colum. Padraic also met Lady Gregory, who was another Irish writer that many people liked. In 1907, the Abbey Theatre showed a play called "The Playboy of the Western World". Padraic Colum and Arthur Griffith and some other people thought this play said bad things about Irish people. They did not want the play to be shown. They got very angry and started a riot. After the riot, Padraic Colum and W.B. Yeats were not friends any more.

paragraphs: In 1908, a publisher called J.M. Dent and Company started to print new copies of good books that they thought everybody should read. One of the books that they printed was written by Edgar Allan Poe. It was called "Tales of Mystery and Imagination". Padraic Colum got to write about why Edgar Allan Poe was a good writer and why everybody should read Poe's stories. This introduction that Padraic wrote was printed in the front of the new books.

paragraphs: In 1911, Padraic started to print a newspaper. He called his newspaper "The Irish Review". Three of his friends helped him run the newspaper. These friends were called Mary Gunning Maguire, David Houston, and Thomas MacDonagh. Padraic had met Mary Gunning Maguire at college. The newspaper printed things that were written by many very good Irish writers. Some of these writers were W.B. Yeats, George Moore, and Oliver St John Gogarty.

paragraphs: In 1912, Padraic Colum and Mary Gunning Maguire got married. Mary worked at a school which Padraig Pearse started. Padraig Pearse was a member of the Gaelic League. He was a friend of Padraic and Mary. Padraig Pearse's school was called Scoil Éanna. It was in Rathfarnam, County Dublin. Padraic and Mary lived in Donnybrook. Donnybrook is part of Dublin. Every Tuesday, Padraic and Mary asked lots of good writers to come to their house and talk to each other about writing. Later, Padraic and Mary moved to Howth. Howth was a very small town or village near Dublin. Most of the people who lived in Howth worked at catching fish. In 1914, Padraic and Mary moved to the United States of America. They thought they would stay for two or three months. They stayed in the United States for eight years.

paragraphs: While he was living in America, Padraic Colum started writing books for children. First he took an old story that was written in the Irish language and put it into English words. He did this because he did not want to forget the Irish language. He had this story published in the "New York Tribune". A man named Willy Pógany read the story and told Padraic he should make it into a long book. Willy Pógany was born in Hungary. His job was drawing pictures. Willy Pógany told Padraic that if Padraic wrote a book, Willy Pógany would draw the pictures. Padraic wrote the book, and Willy drew the pictures. The book was called "The King of Ireland's Son". It was published in 1916.

paragraphs: Padraic wrote more books for children. The Macmillan Publishing Company told him that if he would write books for them to print, they would pay him lots of money. Then Padraic would always have enough money to live on. Padraic said yes. Three of the books Padraic wrote for children were made Newbery Medal Honor Books. That meant that some people who had studied children's books thought that those were very good books for children to read. Those three books were called "The Golden Fleece and the Heroes Who Lived Before Achilles", "", and "". "The Golden Fleece..." was first printed in 1921, and was made a Newbery Honor Book in 1922. "The Voyagers" was first printed in 1925, and was made a Newbery Honor Book in 1926. "The Big Tree of Bunlahy" was first printed in 1933, and was made a Newbery Honor Book in 1934.

paragraphs: Many of the books that Padraic wrote for children were stories that other people had told before. Padraic put the stories into English words. These stories came from many places. Padraic used stories that came from Ireland, Greece, Norway, and even Hawaii. Padraic wrote three books of stories from Hawaii. Much later, on May 23, 2011, Barack Obama, who was the President of the United States, visited Ireland. The Prime Minister of Ireland, whose name was Enda Kenny, gave him copies of those three books. The copies that Enda Kenny gave to Barack Obama were some of the first copies of those books that had ever been printed.

paragraphs: Padraic Colum also wrote long books for grown-up people. Two of those books are called "Castle Conquer" and "The Flying Swans". From 1930 to 1933, Padraic and Mary Colum lived in France. Padraic's good friend James Joyce also lived in France at that time. Padraic and James liked visiting each other in France. Padraic helped James to write down some parts of James's big book that he called "Finnegans Wake". In 1933, Padraic and Mary moved to New York City. They taught some lessons at Columbia University and at the City College of New York. Padraic wrote 61 books in his life. He also wrote many plays. He wrote some of his plays in ways that made them sound like Noh plays. Noh plays are a special kind of play. Noh plays were first shown in Japan.

paragraphs: Mary and Padraic Colum started writing a book that they called "Our Friend James Joyce". In 1957, before the book was done, Mary Colum died. Padraic finished the book by himself. It was published in 1958. When he was an old man, Padraic did not live in one place. He lived in the United States for part of the time and in Ireland for part of the time. In 1961 he got a Regina Medal from the Catholic Library Association. This medal meant that Padraic had written a lot of books for children. It also meant that the people who gave him the medal liked Padraic's books. Padraic Colum died in Enfield, Connecticut, when he was 90 years old. He was buried in Ireland, in St Fintan's Cemetery, Sutton. Sutton is a part of Dublin.

paragraphs: Someone once asked Padraic Colum how to say his name. He said, "In my first name, the first "a" has the sound of "au"." His first name should be said "pau'drig". He said that his last name is just like the English word "column".


title: Richmond, London

paragraphs: Richmond is a wealthy town on the Thames in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames in south-west London. Richmond's postcodes are TW9 and TW10. About 25,000 people live in the town.


title: Joan

paragraphs: Joan is a female given name in the English language. The name is the feminine form of "John". There are many celebrities named Joan, including Joan Rivers, Joan Caulfield and Joan Crawford.

paragraphs: In 1988, a violent hurricane with the name caused a lot of destruction and deaths in Nicaragua. The name "Joan" was later retired.


title: Paula

paragraphs: The name Paula is a female given name. There are many celebrities with the name "Paula", including Paula Prentiss, Paula Zahn and Paula Abdul. This name has been used in naming Atlantic hurricanes, beginning with the 2010 Atlantic hurricane season.


title: Pran

paragraphs: Pran Krishan Sikand (12 February 1920 – 12 July 2013), better known as Pran, was an Indian actor who was known for being a villain in many Bollywood movies. He was known for his roles in "Madhumati", "Johny Mera Naam", "Zanjeer", and in "Duniya". Pran was named "Villain of the Millennium" by Stardust Magazine in 2000.

paragraphs: Pran was born on 12 February 1920 in Ballimaran, Kotgarh Old Delhi. He studied at Raza High School.

paragraphs: Pran was married to Shukla Sikand from 1945 until his death in 2013. They had three children. During the production of "Tere Mere Sapne", Pran's legs began to tremble. So to keep up with his role, most of his scenes involved him sitting down. Pran had a hard time reading in Hindi, so he would ask his scriptwriters to write all his scripts in Urdu. Pran's first time to be admitted to a hospital was in 1998 after he suffered a heart attack.

paragraphs: Pran died on 12 July 2013 in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India from pneumonia, aged 93.

paragraphs: He was awarded as the 'Villain of the Millennium' by Stardust in 2000. The Government of India honoured him with the Padma Bhushan in 2001 and the Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 2013 In 2010, he was named on the list of CNN's "Top 25 Asian actors of all time".


title: Barbara

paragraphs: Barbara is a female name used in many languages. It is the feminine form of the Greek word "barbaros", which in turn represents "foreign". In Spanish, Portuguese and Italian, "Barbara" means "barbarian" or "barbaric". The name remains among top 100 most popular for Chile and in Poland. The name was at #3 in the 1930s, though it has since declined. There are many celebrities under the name, including Barbara Stanwyck, Barbara Pierce Bush and Barbara Bates. "Barbara" also got used for several hurricanes in the Atlantic and many for the Eastern Pacific.


title: Hilary

paragraphs: Hilary (or Hillary) is a female given name and a surname. It is from the Latin "hilarius", which in turn means "cheerful, merry".

paragraphs: Famous people having the name include Hilary Duff and Hillary Rodham Clinton. "Hilary" was also used on many hurricanes for the Eastern Pacific.

paragraphs: A person with the surname was Edmund Hillary.


title: Hillary Brooke

paragraphs: Hillary Brooke (September 8, 1914 – May 25, 1999) was an American actress. She worked in movies. She played the love interest for Lou Costello in "The Abbott and Costello Show". She was also a regular in the series "My Little Margie".

paragraphs: Brooke was born in Astoria, New York. She died at age eighty-four.


title: Mii

paragraphs: character created by the player. Miis made their first appearance on Nintendo’s Wii console. Then, they appear on Nintendo’s 3DS, Wii U and Switch consoles. Miis allow players to create a caricature of themselves, other people, or of invented characters. They are created in the Mii Channel on the Wii, in the Mii Maker on the 3DS and Wii U and in system settings on Nintendo Switch. Once the player creates a Mii, they can use it in some of Nintendo's video games.

paragraphs: The player can change the look of a Mii in many ways. They can give it different hairstyles, eyes, nose, and mouth shapes. They can also give a Mii facial hair and wrinkles. Accessories such as hats and glasses can be added. The player can change a Mii's height and weight. On the 3DS and Wii U, the player can take a picture of their face, and the game creates a Mii for them. The player can then change their Mii.


title: Atal Bihari Vajpayee

paragraphs: Atal Bihari Vajpayee (25 December 1924 – 16 August 2018) was an Indian politician. He served as the 10th Prime Minister of India for six years from 1998 through 2004. He was also serving as Prime Minister from May 1996 through June 1996. He founded the Bharatiya Janata Party.

paragraphs: Vajpayee was born on 25 December 1924 in Gwalior, United Provinces, British India (now Madhya Pradesh, India). He studied at Victoria College (now Laxmibai College) and at DAV College, Kanpur. Vajpayee was never married and had no children.

paragraphs: Vajpayee, who had dementia and diabetes, died at a New Delhi hospital from multiple organ failure on 16 August 2018, aged 93.


title: Gloria

paragraphs: The name Gloria is a female given name which is very common in the English language. The name means "glory" in Latin language. There are several notable movies under the name "Gloria". Notable celebrities under the name include Gloria Gaynor, Gloria Reuben, Gloria Vanderbilt and the singer Gloria Estefan. The name was used on a hurricane that struck the East Coast of the United States in September 1985.


title: Vanessa (name)

paragraphs: The name Vanessa is a popular female name. It was created around 1708. The name was the 71st most popular female name for girls in the United States for 2007. It first appeared across the Top 1000 female names in the United States around 1950. There are several celebrities under the name, including Vanessa L. Williams and Vanessa Hudgens.


title: Rachel (Hebrew Bible)

paragraphs: Rachel is a person in the Book of Genesis. She is the daughter of Laban, and a wife of Jacob. She is the mother of Joseph and , shes cool.


title: Roberta

paragraphs: Roberta is a female given name. It is the feminine form of the male name Robert. This female name has been given to several celebrities, including Roberta Flack and Roberta Peters. It was also used for the title of a Broadway musical in the 1930s.


title: Valerie

paragraphs: The name Valerie is an almost all-girl given name. The name was taken from the French "Valérie" and from the Latin Valeria. The name is extremely popular in several countries and United States. There are many celebrities by the name, including Valerie Harper, Valerie Perrine and the feminist Valerie Solanas. There are a lot of songs named as "Valerie". This name is being used on List Four of Atlantic Hurricane Names List.


title: Kamov Ka-60 Kasatka

paragraphs: The Kamov Ka-60 Kasatka is a Russian light helicopter. It was designed and built to replace the Mil Mi-8. Its first flight was in December 1998. It is used by the Russian Air Force. Kasatka is the Russian word for Killer Whale.


title: Hainan

paragraphs: Hainan is the smallest and southernmost province of the People's Republic of China. The name "Hainan" also refers to Hainan Island, the main island of the province. The capital of the province is Haikou. Hainan is known for its tropical climate.


title: Mexico City Cathedral

paragraphs: The Metropolitan Cathedral of the Assumption of Mary of Mexico City or the Mexico City Cathedral is a cathedral in Mexico City. It is one of the oldest and largest cathedrals in the Americas. The cathedral was built from 1573 to 1813 around the original church. The original church was built soon after the Spanish conquest of Tenochtitlán. The new cathedral eventually replaced the church entirely.


title: Jacuzzi

paragraphs: Jacuzzi is an American company. It makes whirlpool bathtubs and hot-tub spas. Its first product was a bath with massaging jets.


title: The Golden Palace

paragraphs: The Golden Palace is an American sitcom. It is a spin-off of the sitcom "The Golden Girls". It was shot from 1992-1993. They have as help the receptionist Roland Wilson (Don Cheadle) and the cook Chuy Castillos (Cheech Marin). Sometimes the young Oliver (Billy L. Sullivan) appears.


title: Eurocopter EC225 Super Puma Mk-2

paragraphs: The Eurocopter EC225 Super Puma Mk-2 is a medium helicopter designed and built in France by Eurocopter. It's a modernized variant of the Eurocopter AS-332 Super Puma. Originally civilian, it's also a military helicopter, used for transport, search and rescue, and support. Maiden flight in 2000, it's in production in 2013. Some are used by French Navy as replacement of formers Super Frelon.


title: Nia Vardalos

paragraphs: Antonia Eugenia "Nia" Vardalos (born September 24, 1962) is a Canadian actress and screenwriter. She has performed in several movies. She starred in comedies "My Big Fat Greek Wedding" in 2002, and "Connie and Carla" in 2004. She later began acting in more independent movies. She starred in My Big Fat Greek Life and "My Big Fat Greek Wedding 2".

paragraphs: Vardalos was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Her parents are Greeks. She got United States citizenship in 1999.


title: Eurocopter AS-332 Super Puma

paragraphs: The Eurocopter AS-332 Super Puma is a civilian and military helicopter built by French and German company Eurocopter. It is an enlarged variant of the Aérospatiale SA-330 Puma. It is used principally for transport and search and rescue, but some are used for water bombing, special forces support, and VIP & VVIP liaisons. Some are used by police aviation, coast guards, and customs. All are built in Marignane factory, but a production licence was sold to Indonesia. In this last kind Super Puma are known as NAS-332.

paragraphs: Civilians Eurocopter AS-332 Super Puma flies or flown in Azerbaijan, Brazil, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Japan, Morocco, UK, and USA.

paragraphs: Militaries Eurocopter AS-332 Super Puma flies or flown in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Cameroon, Chile, China, Congo, Ecuador, France, Gabon, Germany, Greece, Indonesia, Iceland, Japan, Jordan, Kuwait, Mexico, Nepal, Nigeria, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Togo, UAE, and Venezuela.

paragraphs: Eurocopter AS-532 Cougar is a military variant, and EC225 Super Puma Mk-2 is a modernized variant.


title: Grob G.120

paragraphs: The Grob G.120 is a German light training aircraft. It is used both by civilians and militaries. Some are used by the French Air Force, Canadian Forces Air Command, and Israel Air Force.


title: Room in Rome

paragraphs: Room in Rome is a 2010 Spanish erotic romance and drama movie. This movie looks at seduction and lesbian romances. This movie was shot around Rome and Madrid. It was released in April 2010. It stars Elena Anaya and Natasha Yarovenko.

paragraphs: Alba, a 30-something Spanish tourist in Rome, brings a younger Russian woman named Natasha to her hotel room. It's the last night of vacation in Rome. The details of how they met in a club are vague. Natasha at first refuses, and says she is straight. However, Alba keeps wanting to have sex with Natasha. Natasha keeps saying that she has never had sex with a woman.

paragraphs: Natasha and Alba get undressed and into bed, though Natasha is still nervous. Alba suggests they lay side by side and only casually touch each other's faces. They do that until Alba becomes so relaxed she falls asleep. Natasha quietly gets out of bed, gets dressed and leaves the room. She wonders what would have happened if she had given sex to Alba. But Natasha leaves one thing behind: her cell phone. It rings and wakes up Alba. Natasha returns to the hotel room and asks for her cell phone. But she does not want to enter the room again. However, Alba grabs Natasha and takes her back into the room. They get undressed once again and into bed. Natasha and Alba have sex for the first time.

paragraphs: Over the next ten hours, Natasha and Alba grow close to one another. Natasha becomes more relaxed around Alba about their love-making. The two women share stories of their past.

paragraphs: But eventually, the two women tell each other the truth. Natasha says that her real name is Dasha. She is also a professional tennis player on vacation. Alba then tells she is a mechanical engineer and inventor. She is in Rome on business. She also lives with a woman in Spain.

paragraphs: Alba tells Natasha that she is falling in love with her. Natasha, though, gets more defensive. She says her attraction to Alba is only from curiosity toward the same sex and not love.

paragraphs: The two women have sex one last time. Then, they decide to leave and return to their lives in Russia and Spain.

paragraphs: The movie received mixed reviews. Jonathan Holland gave a mixed review. He liked the acting, though said director Julio Modem was more interested in his ideas than the people. The Rotten Tomatoes rated the movie at 50%.


title: Lancair 320

paragraphs: The Lancair 320 is a light single-engine aircraft. It was designed in the United States, and was introduced in 1988. It is a home-built aircraft with two seats.


title: Stealing Beauty

paragraphs: Stealing Beauty is a 1996 romantic drama movie. The story is about an American teenage girl who travels to a Tuscan countryside and whose mother has committed suicide. Liv Tyler plays Lucy Harmon. The reviews were mixed. This movie was released in late June 1996 in the United States.


title: Hocus Pocus (movie)

paragraphs: Hocus Pocus is a 1993 American family fantasy horror comedy movie. It was directed by Kenny Ortega. It stars Bette Midler, Sarah Jessica Parker and Kathy Najimy. The movie is about a family of witches, known as the Sanderson Sisters. They were resurrected by a teenager named Max (Omri Katz) along with his sister Dani (Thora Birch) and girlfriend Allison (Vinessa Shaw). The movie received negative reviews from movie critics. However, it performed well in theaters where it grossed $39,514,713. After the movie was released on home video, it received a cult following.

paragraphs: Three sisters, who are witches, are sentenced to death in the 17th century. They returned 300 years later because of a curse by Winifred Sanderson (Bette Midler). Three kids try using a chant to stop them from scaring modern-day Salem, Massachusetts on Halloween. They plan to turn immortal with the lives of modern day trick-or-treaters.

paragraphs: "Hocus Pocus" was released in the United States and Canada on July 16, 1993. It opened in fourth place with $8.1 million. The movie grossed $5.2 million in its second week. The movie fell out of the top ten, ending its domestic box office run with $39.5 million. The film was released to foreign markets in October 1994.

paragraphs: The movie was released to VHS in North America on January 5, 1994. Walt Disney Masterpiece Collection release on April 2, 1996. After part of the Walt Disney Gold Classic Collection release on August 2, 2000 and later to DVD on June 4, 2002. Someone as the VHS and DVD release on September 2, 2003 in the United States in THX. It continues to show strong annual sales. It ranks in more than $1 million in DVD sales each October. On September 4, 2012 "Hocus Pocus" was released by Disney on Blu-ray for the first time.


title: The Mighty Ducks

paragraphs: The Mighty Ducks is a 1992 sports comedy movie set in Minneapolis. It was directed by Stephen Herek. It stars Emilio Estevez. It was produced by Avent-Kerner Productions. "Mighty Ducks" was distributed by Walt Disney Pictures. It is the first movie in "The Mighty Ducks" movie series. In the United Kingdom and Australia, the movie was titled "Champions". The home video release in the UK are titled "The Mighty Ducks Are the Champions".


title: 2013 in video gaming

paragraphs: This article lists video games that were released in the year 2013. These includes, "", "Army of Two", "Assassin's Creed", "BioShock", "Call of Duty", "Company of Heroes", "Crysis", "Dead Space", "Devil May Cry", "Final Fantasy", "Fire Emblem", "God of War", "Dead Island", "Grand Theft Auto", "Killzone", "Lost Planet", "Pokémon", "Sly Cooper", "StarCraft", "Tomb Raider" and "Total War". Also in 2013, PlayStation 4 from Sony Computer Entertainment and the Xbox One from Microsoft were released that year.

paragraphs: The list of game consoles to be released in 2013 in North America.

paragraphs: The list of games released, or due for release, in 2013 in North America.

paragraphs: Below is a list of games which have been announced to be released in 2013 in North America, but have no exact release date or month yet.


title: Otto Pérez Molina

paragraphs: Otto Fernando Pérez Molina (born 1 December 1950) is a Guatemalan politician and retired military officer. He served as President of Guatemala from January 14, 2012 until his resignation on September 2, 2015.

paragraphs: Molina was born on 1 December 1950 in Guatemala City, Guatemala. He studied at School of the Americas and at the Inter-American Defense College. Molina has been married to Rosa Leal. They have two children.


title: Big Brother 15 (U.S.)

paragraphs: Big Brother 15 is the current season of the American reality television show, "Big Brother". It began airing on CBS starting on June 26, 2013 on Sundays, Tuesdays and Wednesdays. It will continue to air on CBS until September 18, 2013. It is being called the "longest season to date" in "Big Brother" history, lasting a total of 90 days. This season features sixteen HouseGuests.

paragraphs: The show's format remained the same from previous seasons of the show. A group of contestants, known as "HouseGuests", compete to win the series by voting each other off. They must be the last HouseGuest remaining. Each week, one HouseGuest, known as the Head of Household, must nominate two of their HouseGuests for eviction. The winner of the Power of Veto can remove one of the nominees from the block. The Head of Household must nominate another HouseGuest as a replacement. The HouseGuests then vote to evict one of them, the nominee with the most votes are removed from the show. When only two HouseGuests remain, the last seven evicted HouseGuests, known as the Jury of Seven, would decide which of them would win the $500,000 prize. A HouseGuest can be "expelled" from the show for not following rules.

paragraphs: There have been several controversial remarks from some of the "Big Brother 15" HouseGuests. Their comments have angered viewers and because of this, the show's ratings have dropped. Many journalist have made negative reviews about the HouseGuests who made these remarks. HouseGuest including Aaryn Gries, GinaMarie Zimmerman and Spencer Clawson have made racist comments about two African American contestants on the show. Spencer made negative comments about a gay contestant calling him "Kermit the Fag". Aaryn and GinaMarie also made negative comments about Asian contestant Helen. Aaryn and GinaMarie were fired from their jobs because of their comments. However, they do not know about this because they are not allowed to be in contact with anyone outside of the "Big Brother" house.


title: José Mujica

paragraphs: José Alberto "Pepe" Mujica Cordano (born 20 May 1935) is an Uruguayan politician. He served as President of Uruguay from 2010 to 2015.

paragraphs: He won the 2009 presidential election and took office as President on 1 March 2010. He has been called "the world's 'poorest' president" because he donates around 90 percent of his $12,000 monthly salary to charities to help poor people and small entrepreneurs.

paragraphs: In the 1994 general elections, Mujica was elected deputy and in the elections of 1999 he was elected senator. In 1994 Mujica was chosen to be a deputy and then in 1999 he was chosen to be senator in the [general election] of Uruguay in that year. In 2004, Mujica's political party was very popular because of his charisma. In 2004 there were more elections and Mujica was chosen to be a senator again, this helped his political party and Tabaré Vázquez to be president.

paragraphs: On March 1, 2005, President Tabaré Vázquez made Mujica as the Minister of Livestock, Agriculture and Fisheries (Mujica's own professional background was in the agricultural sector).

paragraphs: Since becoming minister, Mujica resigned his position as senator. He held this position until a cabinet change in 2008, when he resigned and was replaced by Ernesto Agazzi. Mujica then returned to his seat in the Senate.

paragraphs: Mujica was born on 20 May 1935 in Montevideo, Uruguay. His parents were Demetrio Mujica, of Spanish Basque ancestry, and Lucy Cordano, of Italian descent.

paragraphs: In 2005, Mujica married senator Lucía Topolansky.


title: Belle Fourche River

paragraphs: The Belle Fourche River (prounced "bel FOOSH") is a tributary of the Cheyenne River, about long, in the U.S. states of Wyoming and South Dakota. It is part of the Mississippi River watershed traveling through the Cheyenne and Missouri rivers.

paragraphs: The point at which the river flows out of Wyoming and into South Dakota is the lowest elevation point in the state of Wyoming at . This is the second-highest low point of any U.S. state.


title: Old Bet

paragraphs: Old Bet (d. 1816) was a female African elephant. She was not the first, but the second, elephant in America. She was the first to be known by a name. She was about four years old when she arrived in Boston on 24 June 1804. She was owned by Edward Savage and exhibited by him in 1805. He sold her to Hachaliah Bailey for a reported $10,000. Bailey sold her but bought her back.

paragraphs: He leased her to others for exhibition for the rest of her life. On 25 June 1812, she appeared with the Cayetano and Company circus in New York City and thus became the first elephant to be displayed in a circus in America. She was exhibited for years and earned a considerable amount of money.

paragraphs: Old Bet was shot and killed in Shapleigh, Maine, on 26 June 1816 by Daniel Davis, a farmer who claimed the elephant was taking dollars out of the local economy. Bailey raised a monument to Old Bet at his Elephant Hotel in Somers, New York. Her skeleton was displayed in New York City in 1817, and was later acquired by P. T. Barnum for his American Museum.


title: Oscar Hammerstein II

paragraphs: Oscar Hammerstein II (July 12, 1895 – August 23, 1960) was an American writer. He was born in New York City. In the 1950s, he teamed with Richard Rodgers to write several successful musicals including "Oklahoma!", "Carousel", "South Pacific", "The King and I", and "The Sound of Music". He died of stomach cancer in Doylestown, Pennsylvania, shortly after the opening of "The Sound of Music".

paragraphs: Hammerstein won the Academy Award for Best Original Song two times. The first was in 1941 for "The Last Time I Saw Paris" in the movie "Lady Be Good". The second was in 1945 for "It Might as Well Be Spring" in "State Fair."

paragraphs: In 1950, the team of Rodgers and Hammerstein received The Hundred Year Association of New York's Gold Medal Award "in recognition of outstanding contributions to the City of New York."

paragraphs: Hammerstein won eight Tony Awards. Six were for lyrics or book. Two were for producing the Best Musical ("South Pacific" and "The Sound of Music").

paragraphs: Rodgers and Hammerstein won a special Pulitzer Prize in 1944 for "Oklahoma!" With Joshua Logan, they won the annual Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1950 for "South Pacific".

paragraphs: Oscar Hammerstein was a member of the American Theater Hall of Fame.


title: French invasion of Russia

paragraphs: The French Invasion of Russia in 1812, also known as the Russian Campaign in France () and the Patriotic War of 1812 in Russia (), was when Napoleon Bonaparte led the French Empire to invade Russia. It was the turning point during the Napoleonic Wars, because it was the first major defeat for Napoleon. It reduced the French and allied invasion forces (the Grande Armée) to a tiny part of their starting strength. It started a major change in European politics as it greatly weakened France's power over Europe. The French Empire's former allies, at first Prussia and then the Austrian Empire, broke their alliance with France. They went against France instead, which started the War of the Sixth Coalition.


title: The Lawrence Welk Show

paragraphs: The Lawrence Welk Show was an American televised musical variety show. It was hosted by big band leader Lawrence Welk with Norma Zimmer appearing as "the Champagne Lady".

paragraphs: The series aired locally in Los Angeles for four years, from 1951 to 1955, then nationally for another 16 years on ABC from 1955 to 1971, followed by 11 years in first-run syndication from 1971 to 1982.


title: Amanda

paragraphs: Amanda is a female given name. It comes from Latin language. The name means "she who must be loved" or "worthy of love". The name "Amanda" first appeared in 1212 in birth records from England. It was not until around the 1700s that the name became popular. This name became very popular in the United States starting in the 1930s. The name was especially popular in the United States starting in 1978 and ending in 1992. In 2009 the name was ranked at 166. Famous people with the name include Amanda Bynes, Amanda Seyfried and Amanda Blake.


title: Shirley

paragraphs: Shirley is a female given name. This name was especially popular in the 1940s and 1950s. It is still common today. The name was used in the sitcom "Laverne & Shirley" which was on television in the 1970s. Famous people with this name include Shirley Temple, Shirley MacLaine and Shirley Knight.


title: Heidi (given name)

paragraphs: Heidi is a female given name. It became an extremely popular name after the novel "Heidi" was introduced. The name comes from the name Adelheid, which means "nobility". The name began to be used in English because of the movie. Famous people with the name include Heidi Fleiss and Heidi Montag. A movie with Shirley Temple as the title character was released in 1937.


title: Jill

paragraphs: The name Jill is a female given name. It comes from Latin. It means "sweetheart" or "youthful". The name is short form of Jillian, but it is now an independent name within its own right. Famous people with the name include: Jill St. John, Jill Clayburgh, Jill Bennett, Jill Eikenberry and Jill Biden. This name is also used in the "Jack and Jill" nursery rhyme.


title: Brétigny-sur-Orge train crash

paragraphs: On 12 July 2013, a train crashed in Brétigny railway station, in Brétigny-sur-Orne. Bretigny is in Île-de-France and is near Paris. The train was a service from Paris to Limoges. Six people are confirmed dead, 30 are injured, eight of them in a critical state. Of the six dead, two were killed in the railway station, two are from Limoges, and two from Étampes. 385 passengers were on board at the time of the crash. The crash occurred at 17:14 local time, 22 minutes after the train left Austerlitz station at 16:53. If the train had been on schedule, it would have arrived in Limoges at 20:05. The trains and platforms at Brétigny were very busy as it was the Friday before the Bastille Day holiday weekend.

paragraphs: The train was not supposed to stop at the station. According to the first reports, the train crashed at high speed and split in two pieces after the third and fourth cars derailed. The crash caused the back four carts to crash into the station platforms. The accident is the most serious rail crash that has happened in France since the 1988 Gare de Lyon rail accident in which 56 people were killed.

paragraphs: The French Land Transport Accident Investigation Bureau (BEA-TT) has announced a search into the accident. SNCF released its findings on 13 July. The company reported that the derailment seemed to have been caused by a track failure. According to SNCF, a steel fishplate connecting two rails had come loose from the station at a set of points, and had become stuck in a track switch. The third and fourth carts came off track when their wheels went over the steel plate. When the problem with the switch became known, SNCF had people check the several thousand such switches on the network.

paragraphs: The track has been severely damaged on a length of about . Repairing the track means that the railway station will be closed for all traffic for several days. This also affects Gare d'Austerlitz in Paris, as most trains starting from there take this route.

paragraphs: Several people reported that the firefighters and rescuers were aggressed, when they arrived, and that stones were thown. Police had to be called to secure the area. The same report also speaks about a group of youngsters pillaging and stealing from the passengers of the train. Jean-François Riffaud, the director of the Red Cross later declared, that the teams were able to work without being aggressed. On 13 July, a police source was quoted as saying that police forces had projectiles thrown at them, but that these were isolated cases, and that no stones had been used.


title: Jack plane

paragraphs: A jack plane is the most commonly used general purpose plane. It is about long.

paragraphs: The blade is slightly curved for quick removal of material on rough work. It is also used in oblique planning.


title: Lund Cathedral

paragraphs: The Lund Cathedral () is the Lutheran cathedral in Lund, Scania, Sweden. It is the seat of the Bishop of Lund of the Church of Sweden.


title: Biodegradation

paragraphs: Biodegradation is a chemical process in which materials are dissolved by bacteria or other biological elements. If a material is "biodegradable", it means that it can be consumed by microorganisms and turned into compounds that are natural. It is an important process in ecology and waste management. Items that are biodegradable are considered environmentally friendly because they can turn back into elements found in nature.

paragraphs: Organic materials, such as those that come from plants and animals, can be degraded aerobically (with oxygen) or anaerobically (without oxygen). Some artificial or inorganic materials can also be biodegraded. It is possible to identify specific microorganisms that are able to biodegrade these materials.

paragraphs: In nature, different materials biodegrade at different speeds. Most microorganisms that help biodegradation need light, heat, water and oxygen.


title: Albert

paragraphs: The name Albert is a masculine given name. It comes from the Germanic words "adal" and "beraht", meaning "bright" and "noble". The Spanish version of this name is Alberto. This name has been used for many famous people, including Albert Finney and scientist Albert Einstein. As "Alberto", this name has been used for Atlantic cyclones every six years since 1982.


title: Genetically modified organism

paragraphs: A genetically modified organism (GMO) is an organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques.

paragraphs: Organisms that have been genetically modified include micro-organisms such as bacteria and yeast, insects, plants, fish, and mammals. GMOs are the source of genetically modified foods, and are also widely used in scientific research and to produce goods other than food.

paragraphs: Although Maxam and Gilbert published their chemical sequencing method two years after the ground-breaking paper of Sanger and Coulson on plus-minus sequencing, Maxam–Gilbert sequencing rapidly became more popular, since purified DNA could be used directly, while the initial Sanger method required that each read start be cloned for production of single-stranded DNA. However, with the improvement of the chain-termination method (see below), Maxam-Gilbert sequencing has fallen out of favour due to its technical complexity prohibiting its use in standard molecular biology kits, extensive use of hazardous chemicals, and difficulties with scale-up.

paragraphs: The first genetically modified black, blue and red rose made in the lab.


title: Fortune Head

paragraphs: Fortune Head is a headland about from the town of Fortune on the Burin Peninsula, southeastern Newfoundland.

paragraphs: A thick section of rock along its cliffs is the Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP). It represents the boundary between the Precambrian era and the Cambrian period, 541 million years ago. Because of its accessibility (easy to get at) and many fossils, Fortune Head was selected in 1992 over similar rock sections in Siberia, Russia, and Meischucum, China.

paragraphs: Fortune Head was given full ecological reserve status in 1992 after its selection as the global stratotype. The reserve is in size. The Fortune Head lighthouse also acts as a visitors center.

paragraphs: The Burin Peninsula is part of the Avalon Zone of the Appalachian Orogen, a late Precambrian episode of mountain-building. The stratigraphy is not uniform throughout the region, however. The sediments were probably deposited in shoreline environments along the former Iapetus Ocean.

paragraphs: The global stratotype at Fortune Head is made up of sandstones, siltstones, and limestones. Some of these rocks have mud cracks and stromatolites, suggesting that deposition occurred in tidal or, at deepest, continental shelf environments.

paragraphs: The boundary between the Precambrian and Cambrian is marked by the presence of trace fossils of "Treptichnus pedum", one of the earliest animals. "Treptichnus" is known only by its distinctive burrow pattern, which can be seen at Fortune Head.

paragraphs: Fortune Head records the beginning of a period of increasing biological diversity known as the "Cambrian explosion". It has a number of other Cambrian and Precambrian fossils, including early shell fossils, vendotaenid algae, soft-bodied megafossils, and microfossils. Below "Treptichnus", the stratotype at Fortune Head includes traces of the arthropod "Monomorphichnus". More complex fossils appear later.


title: Chemical nomenclature

paragraphs: A chemical nomenclature is a set of rules for creating a system of names ("nomenclature") for chemicals. This is done so that everyone uses the same name for a chemical. The system used most often around the world today is the one created and developed by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).

paragraphs: The IUPAC's rules for naming chemical compounds are written in a series of books. The system for naming organic compounds is written in the "Blue Book". The system for naming inorganic compounds is written in the "Red Book". A third book, called the "Green Book", gives recommendations about the use of symbols for physical quantities. A fourth book, the "Gold Book", contains the definitions of many of the technical terms used in chemistry. Similar books exist for biochemistry, analytical chemistry, macromolecular chemistry, and clinical chemistry. The books do not cover everything, however. Shorter recommendations for specific circumstances are published sometimes in the journal "Pure and Applied Chemistry".


title: The Monkey's Uncle

paragraphs: The Monkey's Uncle is a 1965 Walt Disney movie. It is a family-oriented comedy. It was directed by Robert Stevenson. The movie is about a college kid, his chimpanzee, and a "flying machine".

paragraphs: It stars Tommy Kirk, Leon Ames, and Annette Funicello. It was the last Disney movie for Kirk and Funicello. Both would sign with American International Pictures for their teen "beach party" movies.


title: The Misadventures of Merlin Jones

paragraphs: The Misadventures of Merlin Jones is a 1964 Disney movie starring Tommy Kirk, Leon Ames, and Annette Funicello. It is a family-oriented comedy about a high school boy who experiments with hypnosis and creates a mind-reading machine. It was directed by Robert Stevenson.

paragraphs: This movie was the next to last Disney movie for both Kirk and Funicello. They would make "The Monkey's Uncle" for Disney in 1965 then sign with American International Pictures for their teen "beach party" movies.


title: The Absent-Minded Professor

paragraphs: The Absent-Minded Professor is a 1961 Disney movie directed by Robert Stevenson. It stars Fred MacMurray, Leon Ames, Nancy Olsen, Keenan Wynn, and Tommy Kirk. It is a family-oriented comedy about a professor who invents "flubber", an anti-gravity substance.


title: Vera Farmiga

paragraphs: Vera Ann Farmiga (born August 6, 1973 in Passaic County, New Jersey) is an American actress and director. She is known for her role as Lorraine Warren in "The Conjuring" (2013) and "The Conjuring 2" (2016).

paragraphs: Farmiga comes from an immigrant family from Ukraine. She grew up with her six brothers and sisters in a Ukrainian community and learned with six years old the English language. In her youth she was in a Ukrainian folk group. In the beginning she went to a Ukrainian Catholic school and then, she studied at the "School of Visual and Performing Arts" of the Syracuse University.

paragraphs: In 1996 she debuted in the Broadway theater play, "Return to Paradise" with Vince Vaughn, Anne Heche and Joaquin Phoenix in 1998. 2000 she played in the film drama "Autumn in New York" as "Lisa Tyler". She played in the action film called "15 Minutes".

paragraphs: In 2004 she got an extra price of the Sundance Film Festival. 2005 the "Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards" and the "Independent Spirit Award" for her performance in the film "Down to the Bone".

paragraphs: She became famous thanks to the film 2006: "The Departed". The film won four Academy Awards. In "Up in the Air" from the year 2009, she got an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress.

paragraphs: She had her directing debut with the film "Higher Ground" (2011). Since 2013 she plays the main role as "Norma Louise Bates" on the series "Bates Motel".

paragraphs: From 1997-2005 she was married with the actor Sebastian Roche. In 2008 she married Renn Hawkey. They have a son Fynn (*2009) and a daughter Gytta (*2010).

paragraphs: She has also a sister called Taissa Farmiga.


title: Son of Flubber

paragraphs: Son of Flubber is a 1963 Disney movie directed by Robert Stevenson. It stars Fred MacMurray, Nancy Olsen, Keenan Wynn, and Tommy Kirk. It is a science fiction, family-oriented comedy, and a sequel to Disney's 1961 comedy, "The Absent-Minded Professor". "Flubber" tells of the Professor's further experiments with his anti-gravity substance called "Flubber".


title: Savage Sam

paragraphs: Savage Sam is a 1963 Disney movie directed by Norman Tokar. It is based on a book of the same name by Fred Gipson. The movie is a sequel to Disney's "Old Yeller". "Sam" stars Kevin Corcoran, Tommy Kirk, and Brian Keith. The movie follows the adventures of Old Yeller's son, Sam, when the boys are captured by Apaches.


title: A Dog of Flanders (1999 movie)

paragraphs: A Dog of Flanders is a 1999 movie directed by Kevin Brodie. It is based on a book by Ouida. The movie stars Jack Warden, Jeremy James Kissner, Jesse James, Jon Voight, and Cheryl Ladd. The movie is about a grandfather and his grandson who adopted an abused dog. The grandson wants to become a great painter.


title: Audrey

paragraphs: Audrey is a feminine given name of Old English origin. There are many versions of "Audrey", including Audie, Audra and Audrea. In the 17th century, the word "tawdry", meaning "cheap and pretentious", came from the name "Saint Audrey". That made use of "Audrey" decline. However, in the 19th century, it was revived. It peaked during the interbellum period in the United States. It reached rank #41 for 2012.

paragraphs: Famous people named "Audrey" include Audrey Hepburn, Audrey Meadows and Audrey Tautou. A hurricane with this name struck the southern United States in June 1957.


title: Anita

paragraphs: The name Anita is a very common female given name. In Spanish, the name is a version of Ana, the Spanish version of Anne. In Sanskrit, "Anita" means "full of grace". There are many famous people with the name, including Anita Louise, singer Anita Baker, Anita Page and Anita Loos. In 1977, a Hurricane Anita hit northeastern Mexico.


title: Hannah (given name)

paragraphs: The name Hannah (or Hanna) is a feminine given name. In Hebrew, it means "gracious". As "Hannah", this name was used by the Puritans in the 16th and 17th centuries. There are many celebrities who have the name. One fictional character with the name is Hannah Montana. "Hannah" is very popular for girls. As "Hanna", the name is now being used on tropical storms or hurricanes over the Atlantic Basin.


title: Irene

paragraphs: Irene is a given name for women. It is Greek for "peace." Several saints are named Irene. In 2005, in the United States, the name ranked at 590th most popular name for baby girls and fell to 632 the following year. Several Atlantic tropical storms or hurricanes were named Irene. Hurricane Irene in 2011 was very destructive to the East Coast of the United States, so "Irene" was retired in spring of 2012.


title: Common noun

paragraphs: A common noun is a noun (or noun phrase) that primarily refers to a class of entities or instances.


title: Ellen

paragraphs: Ellen is a female given name. It can also be used for a middle name. In Greece, during ancient times, the name meant "sun-ray, lightness". During the mid 2000s, "Ellen" ranked at 555 for the most popular female names in the United States. There are many celebrities by the name, including Ellen Barkin, Ellen DeGeneres and Ellen Pompeo. This name was used for an Atlantic hurricane in the 1970s.


title: Arlington Memorial Amphitheater

paragraphs: Arlington Memorial Amphitheater is an amphitheater in Arlington National Cemetery. It was built in 1921 to replace an old amphitheater. The amphitheater is next to the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier.


title: Fishplate

paragraphs: In rail terminology, a fishplate, splice bar or joint bar is a metal bar that is bolted to the ends of two rails to join them together in a track. The name is derived from "fish", a wooden bar with a curved profile used to strengthen a ship's mast. The top and bottom edges are tapered inwards so the device wedges itself between the top and bottom of the rail when it is bolted into place. In rail transport modelling, a fishplate is often a small copper or nickel silver plate that slips onto both rails to provide the functions of maintaining alignment and electrical continuity.


title: The Three Lives of Thomasina

paragraphs: The Three Lives of Thomasina is a 1964 Disney movie directed by Don Chaffey. It stars Patrick McGoohan, Susan Hampshire, and Karen Dotrice. It is based on a book by Paul Gallico. The movie is about an insensitive Scottish veterinarian and his daughter whose beloved cat is restored to life with the help of a beautiful "witch" living in the forest.


title: A Dog of Flanders (1959 movie)

paragraphs: A Dog of Flanders is a 1959 movie directed by James B. Clark. It stars David Ladd, Donald Crisp, and Theodore Bikel. It is based on a book by Ouida. It is about a grandfather and his grandson who rescue a dog from abuse. The grandson wants to become a painter.