title: The Game

paragraphs: "The Game" is a song by DragonForce. It is the second single and first track from the studio album Maximum Overload. The song has a music video released on June 18 2014 on YouTube. The song featured Matt Heafy.


title: John Sherman Cooper

paragraphs: John Sherman Cooper (August 23, 1901 – February 21, 1991) was an American politician, jurist, and diplomat from the U.S. state of Kentucky. He served three non-consecutive terms in the United States Senate before being elected to two full terms in 1960 and 1966.

paragraphs: He also served as U.S. Ambassador to India from 1955 to 1956 and U.S. Ambassador to East Germany from 1974 to 1976. He was the first Republican to be popularly elected to more than one term as a senator from Kentucky and, in both 1960 and 1966. He set records for the largest victory margin for a Kentucky senatorial candidate from either party.


title: Tom Poston

paragraphs: Thomas Gordon "Tom" Poston (October 17, 1921 – April 30, 2007) was an American television and movie actor. His career began during the 1970s.

paragraphs: According to USA Today Life editor Dennis Moore, Poston appeared in more sitcoms than any other actor. In the 1980s, he played George Utley, opposite Bob Newhart's character on "Newhart" and Burt Sigurdson in "That '70s Show".

paragraphs: After a short illness, Poston died of respiratory failure on April 30, 2007, in Los Angeles, California at the age of 85.


title: Hillsborough, North Carolina

paragraphs: Hillsborough is a town and county seat of Orange County, North Carolina. The population was 6,087 in 2010.


title: Birgitta Stenberg

paragraphs: Birgitta Stenberg (26 April 1932 – 23 August 2014) was a Swedish author, translator and illustrator. She was the 2005 winner of the Selma Lagerlöf Prize.

paragraphs: Stenberg was born in Stockholm in 1932. She was educated in Visby and finally in Paris. She became a Swedish author, translator and illustrator. She lived in Åstol in Sweden. She has won the Swedish Selma Lagerlöf Prize for literature in 2005.

paragraphs: Stenberg died from hepatic cancer (type of liver cancer) on 23 August 2014 in Tiveden, Sweden, aged 82.


title: Golam Mostofa (poet)

paragraphs: Golam Mostofa (Bengali: গোলাম মোস্তফা) (1897- 13 October 1964) was a writer and poet. Mostofa wrote the Tarana-E-Pakistan the anthem (official song) for the then country of East Pakistan. His country is now called Bangladesh.


title: John S. Waugh

paragraphs: John Stewart Waugh (April 25, 1929 – August 22, 2014) was an American chemist and educator. He was an Institute Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). He is known for making normal hamiltonian theory and using it to extend NMR spectroscopy, before only limited to liquids, to the solid state. In 1974, he was elected as a member in the Chemistry section of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS). In 1983, he was awarded Wolf Prize in Chemistry with Herbert S. Gutowsky and Harden M. McConnell.

paragraphs: Waugh was born in Willimantic, Connecticut. He was married to Susan and had two children.

paragraphs: Waugh died on August 22, 2014 in Lincoln, Massachusetts, aged 85.


title: Gremlins 2: The New Batch (video game)

paragraphs: Gremlins 2: The New Batch is a 1990 video game. This video game was based on the . It was developed for the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) and Game Boy. In the NES game, the player controls the character Gizmo through various levels in a building. Gizmo has weapons. The goal is to reach the Gremlin Control Centre to kill all the gremlins inside.


title: Victor Chang

paragraphs: Victor Peter Chang, (born Chang Yam Him; 21 November 1936 – 4 July 1991) was an Australian heart surgeon. He was a pioneer of modern heart transplantation. He also helped with the development of an artificial heart valve. He worked at St Vincent's Hospital with his team who had high success rates of heart transplants.

paragraphs: Chang was born in Shanghai to Australian-born Chinese parents. He first grew up in Hong Kong before moving to Australia. He studied and trained at the University of Sydney as well as in the United Kingdom and the United States. He was made a Companion of the Order of Australia in 1986. He was married to Ann Simmons. They had three children: Vanessa, Matthew and Marcus.

paragraphs: Chang was murdered on 4 July 1991 in Sydney, New South Wales. He was 54. He was shot in the head twice when he refused to give his money to two men. The men, Malaysians Chew Seng "Ah Sung" Liew and Choon Tee "Phillip" Lim, first ran their vehicle into Chang's car, making him pull over. After arguing with the men, Chang was shot dead by Liew. The men both later received jail time.


title: Square One TV

paragraphs: Square One TV is an American children's television program. It was produced by the Children's Television Workshop. The purpose is to teach mathematics to young viewers for educational kids tv. It was aired in 1987-1992 and 1995-1996, reran aired in 1992-1994 and 1999-2002.

paragraphs: "Square One" features a variety of short events all with a mathematical theme, for example "Mathman", a parody of "Pac-Man"; "Mathnet", parody of "Dragnet", and "Late Afternoon with David Numberman", parody of "Late Night with David Letterman".


title: Ganesh Chaturthi

paragraphs: Ganesha Chaturthi is the 10 day-long Hindu festival held on the birthday of the Lord Ganesha. He is the son of Shiva and Parvati. It is celebrated all over India. The festival is held on shukla chaturthi in the Hindu month of Bhaadrapada and ends on Anant chaturdashi. For example in 2020 it will be celebrated on August 22th. It is celebrated widely in Maharashtra. On this occasion people make special ""modaks"" which are loved by Lord Ganesha. Lalbaug is a place that every year celebrates Ganesh Chaturthi on a large scale.

paragraphs: There are Ganesha's form like Bal Ganesh, Lalbaugchya Raja, Siddhivinayak Maharaj, and Dhagru Sheth. The most popular ones are: Shreemant Dagdusheth Halwai Ganpati Mandir and Lalbaugcha Raja.

paragraphs: Ganesh Chaturthi is also called Vinayaka Chaturthi, it is a pure Hindu festival, during this festival people pray Lord Ganesha with great devotion. In this occasion people keep their clay idols privately in their homes, or publicly on big pandals (or temporary stages or altars).

paragraphs: It starts with Vedic hymns, prayers, vrata and hindu texts such as Ganesha Upanishad. Offerings of prasada after the prayer and distributing amongst the community people, prasad include sweets, modaka (it is believed to be the favourite sweet of ganesha). This festival starts on the fourth day of Hindu luni-solar calendar month Bhadrapada, which normally falls in the month of August or September. The Ganesha chaturthi ends on the tenth day.

paragraphs: Celebrations include four stages of rituals:

paragraphs: Ganpati Visarjan. At this stage, the idol is immersed into the river, sea or ocean. He is believed to go back to Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvati after the immersion.


title: Cat righting reflex

paragraphs: The cat righting reflex is a cat's natural ability to turn itself around as it falls so it will land on its feet. This righting reflex starts to happen at 3–4 weeks of age. The cat has entirely learned how to do this by 6–7 weeks. Cats are able to do this because they have a flexible backbone and a clavicle that does not move. The minimum height needed for this to happen safely in most cats is about 12 inches.

paragraphs: Cats without a tail can also do this. This is because a cat mostly moves its hind legs and does not use much angular momentum to set itself up for landing. So a tail is not really needed for this skill.

paragraphs: Using this righting reflex, cats can often land without injury. But, this is not always true, since cats can still break bones or die from extreme falls.

paragraphs: In a 1987 study, written in the "Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association", 132 cats were looked at after having fallen from buildings. The injuries per cat were more, depending on the height fallen; up to seven stories high. Above seven stories, the injuries were less. The study authors think that after falling five stories, the cats reached terminal velocity. At that time, the cats relaxed and spread their bodies to increase drag.

paragraphs: First, cats decide which is up or down, by looking to see or by using senses in the inner ear. Then, cats manage to twist themselves to face downward, without ever changing their angular momentum. They do this in these steps:

paragraphs: If the cat is not flexible enough (able to bend easily), it may need to do steps two and three again in order to completely right itself.

paragraphs: Besides this righting reflex, cats have body features that help keep them safe in a fall. Their small size, light bones, and thick fur decrease their terminal velocity. Also, once righted they may also spread out their body to increase drag and slow how fast they are falling. They also relax as they fall, which protects them some when they land.


title: Lauren Nelson

paragraphs: Lauren Nelson (born November 26, 1986) is an American beauty queen from Lawton, Oklahoma. She was Miss America 2007. Before that, she was Miss Oklahoma 2006.


title: Buttered cat paradox

paragraphs: The buttered cat paradox is a popular joke based on putting two adages (sayings) together to make them funny:

paragraphs: The paradox happens when one asks this question: What would happen if one attached a piece of buttered toast (butter side up) to the back of a cat, then dropped the cat from a large height?

paragraphs: In reality, cats can turn themselves right side up in mid-air if they should fall upside-down. This is named the cat righting reflex. This reflex lets them land on their feet if dropped from high enough up (about ). Toast, not being alive, does not have the ability to turn itself over. Nor does it want to, since it cannot think.

paragraphs: Toast usually lands on the floor butter-side-down. This is because of how it is dropped from a table. As the toast falls from the table, it rotates or turns. Using the average speed of rotation for a slice of toast as it falls from the table and the usual height of a table, a slice of toast that began butter-side-up on the table will land butter-side-down on the floor 81% of the time. This is because the buttered side is heavier. When an object has a heavy and light side, in most cases it will fall heavy side first.

paragraphs: Domestic cats usually weigh between . A regular slice of bread weighs only one ounce and a pat of butter about one fourth ounce. So attaching a very small piece of toast with butter to a much larger cat would hardly have any effect on how the cat would move.


title: Annefleur Kalvenhaar

paragraphs: Annefleur Kalvenhaar (10 June 1994 – 23 August 2014) was a Dutch cyclist and mountain biker. She won the European Cyclo-cross Championships in 2013. She began her career at the age of 13. She participated for the first time in a World Cup in 2012. In Houffalize and La Bresse she finished second place in the top 10. She was born in Wierden, Netherlands.

paragraphs: Kalvenhaar died in Grenoble, France due to an accident during a XCE race in Meribel, France, aged 20.


title: Wierden

paragraphs: Wierden is a town in Overijssel, eastern Netherlands. The population was 23,932 in 2011. The mayor of Wierden is Henk Robben.


title: Treadmill

paragraphs: A treadmill is a device for walking or running, while staying in the same place. Before there was steam power, such treadmills were used to power machines. That way, the work of animals or people could be used in the machines. Such treadmills were also used as a form of punishment in prisons.


title: Chapelle royale de Dreux

paragraphs: The Royal Chapel of Dreux () is a the traditional resting place for members of the royal House of Orléans. It is located in the town of Dreux in France.

paragraphs: The land on which the chapel was built on was owned by the famously wealthy Duke of Penthièvre whose daughter Marie Adélaïde married the Duke of Orléans in 1769. Following the death of the Duke of Penthièvre his daughter inherited a majority of his vast estates including the land of Dreux. The Orléans family later used the chapel there as their own personal burial place following the reign of Louis Philippe I.


title: Colombiana

paragraphs: Colombiana is a 2011 French crime drama action movie set in Bogotá and Chicago. Zoe Saldana plays Cataleya, a hired killer whose parents are murdered when she is a child, so she seeks revenge. Cliff Curtis plays Emilio.

paragraphs: This movie got mixed reviews from critics. It made almost $61 million.


title: Louis Philippe I

paragraphs: Louis Philippe I (6 October 1773 – 26 August 1850) was the second person to have the title King of the French. Following the execution of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette, France became a republic. He spent 21 years in exile before being made king after the abdication of Charles X of France in 1830. His relatively short reign (1830–1848) was known as the July Monarchy. Louis-Philippe promoted friendship with Great Britain. He sponsored colonialism, notably the conquest of Algeria. His popularity faded quickly when French troops fired on demonstrators. This set off the French Revolution of 1848 causing Louis Philippe to flee to England as "Mr. Smith". He lived out his life in exile in England. His eldest son and heir died before succeeding him. This brought the Kingdom of the French to an end.

paragraphs: Born at the Palais Royal in Paris he was named Louis Philippe d'Orléans, Louis Philippe in honour of his father. His parents were the Duke and Duchess of Orléans. One of the most senior members of the French royal court. He was born a Prince of the blood which entitled him to be addressed as "His Serene Highness". From birth he was given the title of Duke of Valois one of his fathers subsidiary titles. He was the eldest of four children born to the duke and duchess. He was a member of the House of Orléans, itself a cadet branch of the ruling House of Bourbon. The two branches were both directly descended from Louis XIV and were often in competition with one another.

paragraphs: His education was carried out by Madame de Genlis who was later his fathers mistress. It was her that instilled a fairly liberal attitude within the young prince. When Louis Philippe's grandfather died in 1785, his father succeeded him as Duke of Orléans and Louis Philippe succeeded his father as Duke of Chartres.

paragraphs: His parents had a strained marriage the Duke was famous for his many extramarital affairs and his wife just quietly accepted his infidelity. She was a notoriously religious woman who relished watching her children grow up. Louis Philippe was the eldest of four children born to the couple. Louis Philippe was very close to his brother, the younger Duke of Montpensier.

paragraphs: In 1792 he joined the French army and went to fight in Austria. But in April 1793 he deserted. He could not return to France so he found work as a teacher in Switzerland. He then went to live in Sweden. After that he lived in the United States and finally he moved to England.

paragraphs: After the abdication of Napoleon in 1814, Louis Philippe returned to France. King Louis XVIII gave him back his Orléans estates.

paragraphs: In 1808, proposed to Princess Elizabeth, daughter of King George III of the United Kingdom. His Catholicism and the opposition of her mother Queen Charlotte meant the princess reluctantly declined the offer.

paragraphs: In 1809, Louis Philippe married Princess Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily, daughter of King Ferdinand IV of Naples and Maria Carolina of Austria. They had ten children. Maria Amalia was also a niece of the late Queen Marie Antoinette.

paragraphs: He died on August 26, 1850 in Claremont, Surrey, England.

paragraphs: When king of the French he made his children and descendants legally able to bare the title of Prince/ss of Orléans. With the style of "Royal Highness".


title: Mineral Point, Wisconsin

paragraphs: Mineral Point is a city in Iowa County, Wisconsin, United States. The city is located within the Town of Mineral Point. Mineral Point is part of the Madison Metropolitan Statistical Area. This is Wisconsin's third oldest city. Mineral Point was settled in 1827. The population was 2,487 at the 2010 census.


title: Hlinsko

paragraphs: Hlinsko is a small city in east Bohemia in the Czech Republic. It is on the banks of the Chrudimka river, in the Bohemian-Moravian highlands on the border of the Iron Mountains. Hlinsko belongs to the Pardubice region. It has about 10,000 inhabitants. Hlinsko is about 590 meters away over the sea.

paragraphs: In the 11th century, there was created a potter’s camp on the route from Bohemia to Moravia. From there is taken name of the city, which comes from the word “hlína” (clay, material used by potters). First historical remark about Hlinsko comes from first half of 14th century.

paragraphs: From this time, Hlinsko belongs to domination of Rychmburk, which belongs to Tas from Rychmburk, later to Vartenberk and next to Arnošt Flaška from Pardubice. In this century, city obtained reeve’s department.

paragraphs: There was an old merchant’s route passing through Hlinsko, which was drawed in the Klaudián’s map from year 1518. In 1718, clan Kinských bought Rychmburk’s domination.

paragraphs: In 1834, Hlinsko became independent on authorities. In 1850, there was created district in Hlinsko. In 1871 was finished construction of the railroad and began traffic on the road from Pardubice to Havlíčkův Brod (passing through Hlinsko).

paragraphs: There are many well-preserved people’s buildings in Hlinsko and its neighborhood already from half of 18th century. In part of Hlinsko it is Betlém, in neighborhood it is outdoor museum of people’s architecture in Veselý Kopec, Dřevíkov, Svobodné Hamry and Možděnice. There is camp Ležáky about 10 kilometers from Hlinsko, which was burned by Nazis during World War Two.

paragraphs: In modern history, Hlinsko was district city in years 1949 – 1960, after 1960 city lost benefit of district and it was integrated to Chrudimský district against will of its exponents. City became administrative centre once again in 1.1.2003 after reform of public administration, when Hlinsko became city of third level (city with extended scope).

paragraphs: Set of people’s buildings is on right bank of Chrudimka river. Before it was part of the city formed by timbered cottages, in which potters and tailors lived. Building material was mainly wood, wall was only in part around heater.

paragraphs: In 1995, Betlém was declared as monumental reservation of people’s architecture.

paragraphs: Many of buildings was renewed. Visitors can look over here how people lived and what traditions they had. There take place periodical exhibitions, too.

paragraphs: There are expositions from history of Hlinsko district in museum. Visitors can find here a memorial hall of Adámků’s family, learn about history of education, crafting… They can see examples of contemporary suits and fashion accessories. There is permanent exposition of reliefs from Karel Lidický, and an exhibition of images. Name of this exhibition is “Výtvarné Hlinecko” and some of exhibited images are borrowed from National gallery.

paragraphs: For cultural self-realization is there cinema and theater.

paragraphs: For book lovers is there Hlinsko’s library, which has two sections: child’s and adult’s.

paragraphs: City’s cultural club Hlinečan offers a wide spectrum of theater shows, concerts, lectures and social actions for inhabitants of Hlinsko and its region. They are organized in Chamber theatre or in local Sokol house.

paragraphs: Every year there are organized Adámek’s folklore celebrations. There are concerned groups not only from Czech republic, but also from abroad. Groups Vysočan and Vysočánek are representing Hlinsko.

paragraphs: Hlinsko produce Hlinsko’s news, which appears every month.

paragraphs: City has also its own TV – Cable’s information service.

paragraphs: Children from Hlinsko can attend three nursery schools. Next they can study at one of three primary schools (Ležáků, Smetanova, Resslova). There is also a special school for children with defects in writing, reading or counting.

paragraphs: There is also one secondary grammar school, Karel Václav Rais’s in Hlinsko. It offers four-year and eight-year study.

paragraphs: Parents can sign on their children to art school. It offers education in most artistic disciplines.

paragraphs: In city stadium with grassy playground there is possible to practice summer sports. It is possible to use covered swimming pool with sauna.

paragraphs: In winter, friends of ice-skating and ice-hockey can use winter stadium or ski lifts, running tracks and hills for sledging.


title: Sacagawea

paragraphs: Sacagawea (c. 1788 – c. December 20, 1812; was a Lemhi Shoshone woman, who went along with the Lewis and Clark Expedition as an interpreter and guide. Lewis and Clark explored the Western United States with her, traveling thousands of miles from North Dakota to the Pacific Ocean between 1804 and 1806.

paragraphs: Sacagawea is well remembered today. When many people think about Lewis and Clark today, they also think about Sacagawea.

paragraphs: In 2000, the United States Mint issued the Sacagawea dollar coin in her honor, showing Sacagawea and her son, Jean Baptiste Charbonneau. The face on the coin was made to look like a modern Shoshone-Bannock woman named Randy'L He-dow Teton. This was because nobody knows exactly what Sacagawea looked like.

paragraphs: In 2001, she was given the title of Honorary Sergeant, Regular Army, by President Bill Clinton.

paragraphs: There is little information that is definitively known about Sacagawea.

paragraphs: At about thirteen years of age, Sacagawea was taken as a wife by Toussaint Charbonneau, a Quebecer trapper living in the village. He had also taken another young Shoshone named Otter Woman as a wife.

paragraphs: Sacagawea was pregnant with her first child when the Corps of Discovery arrived near the Hidatsa villages to spend the winter of 1804–1805. Captains Meriwether Lewis and William Clark built Fort Mandan. They interviewed several trappers who might be able to interpret or guide the expedition up the Missouri River in the springtime. They agreed to hire Charbonneau as an interpreter when they discovered his wife spoke Shoshone, as they knew they would need the help of Shoshone tribes at the headwaters of the Missouri.

paragraphs: Lewis wrote in his journal on November 4, 1804:

paragraphs: Charbonneau and Sacagawea moved into the expedition's fort a week later. Clark nicknamed her Janey. Lewis wrote about the birth of Jean Baptiste Charbonneau on February 11, 1805.

paragraphs: In April, the expedition left Fort Mandan and headed up the Missouri River in "pirogues". They had to be poled against the current and sometimes pulled from the riverbanks. On May 14, 1805, Sacagawea rescued items that had fallen out of a capsized boat, including the journals and records of Lewis and Clark. The corps commanders, who praised her quick action, named the Sacagawea River in her honor on May 20.

paragraphs: By August 1805, the corps had found a Shoshone tribe and was trying to trade for horses to cross the Rocky Mountains. They used Sacagawea to interpret and discovered that the tribe's chief was her brother Cameahwait.

paragraphs: Lewis recorded their reunion in his journal:

paragraphs: The Shoshone agreed to trade horses to the group, and to provide guides to lead them over the cold and barren Rocky Mountains. The trip was so hard that they were had to eat candles just to live. When they went down into the more temperate regions on the other side, Sacagawea helped to find and cook camas roots to help them get their strength back.

paragraphs: As the expedition approached the mouth of the Columbia River on the Pacific Coast, Sacagawea gave up her beaded belt to let the captains trade for a fur robe they wanted to give to President Thomas Jefferson.

paragraphs: On the trip back, they came near the Rocky Mountains in July 1806. On July 6, Clark wrote "The Indian woman informed me that she had been in this plain frequently and knew it well... She said we would discover a gap in the mountains in our direction..." which is now Gibbons Pass. A week later, on July 13, Sacagawea told Clark to cross into the Yellowstone River basin at what is now known as Bozeman Pass. This was later chosen as the best route for the Northern Pacific Railway to cross the continental divide.

paragraphs: While Sacagawea has been thought of as a guide for the expedition, she probably only gave directions a few times. Her work as an interpreter certainly helped the party to talk with the Shoshone. However, the most important thing she did for the group may have been being there during the hard journey, which showed they did not want to attack any Native Americans they came across. While traveling through what is now Franklin County, Washington, Clark noted, "The Indian woman confirmed those people of our friendly intentions, as no woman ever accompanies a war party of Indians in this quarter," and, "the wife of Shabono our interpreter we find reconciles all the Indians, as to our friendly intentions a woman with a party of men is a token of peace."

paragraphs: After the expedition, Charbonneau and Sacagawea spent three years among the Hidatsa before accepting William Clark's invitation to live in St. Louis, Missouri in 1809.

paragraphs: Sacagawea gave birth to a daughter, Lizette, sometime after 1810. According to Bonnie "Spirit Wind-Walker" Butterfield, historical documents say that Sacagawea died in 1812 of an unknown sickness:

paragraphs: As further proof that Sacagawea died in 1812, Butterfield writes:

paragraphs: "An adoption document made in the Orphans Court Records in St. Louis, Missouri states, 'On August 11, 1813, William Clark became the guardian of 'Tousant Charbonneau, a boy about ten years, and Lizette Charbonneau, a girl about one year old.' For a Missouri State Court at the time, to designate a child as orphaned and to allow an adoption, both parents had to be confirmed dead in court papers."


title: Australasia at the Olympics

paragraphs: Australasia at the Olympics is a history which includes 2 games in 2 countries and 53 athletes. Since 1908, Australasia (ANZ) has contributed to the growth of the "Olympic Movement".

paragraphs: Australasia's team first competed at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London.

paragraphs: Australasia was the name of a combined team of athletes from Australia and New Zealand. They competed together at the 1908 and 1912 Summer Olympics. When the Olympic Games started up again in 1920 after World War I, the two countries sent separate teams to the Games.

paragraphs: The Australasia team won a total of twelve medals in the two games in which they competed. Most of these were in swimming. One New Zealander won a medal in 1908. Harry Kerr won a bronze in athletics. In 1912, two New Zealanders won medals. Malcolm Champion won a gold in swimming. Tony Wilding won a bronze in tennis. All other medalists for Australasia were Australians.


title: Heroes of Might & Magic VI

paragraphs: Heroes of Might & Magic VI is a computer game issued by Ubisoft. It was released in October 2011. The game is the sixth episode of the "Might & Magic" series.

paragraphs: Game play is turn-based strategy, with the options of single- or multi-player. It is animated. The story continues from the previous episode and is basically told in the introduction. Styles of multiplayer include hot seat offline or online over the internet. Offline and online saves are not compatible.

paragraphs: The game looks like the 5th version. The focus of the game is battles, and to a lesser extent the adventure map. Resources found in earlier versions of the game (sulfur, diamonds or mercury) are not used in this version.


title: Generation kill

paragraphs: Generation Kill is a book written by Evan Wright in 2004. In 2003, American reporter Evan Wright joined members of the reconnaissance battalion of United States Marine Corps. As a war reporter with them he spent forty days in the first line of the invasion in Iraq. He described the way to Baghdad, first in articles for "Rolling Stone" magazine, and later in the book which became model for same-named seven-part miniseries. At the beginning of the book we can find a list of the main characters and a dictionary of abbreviations. The book has a prologue, 35 chapters and an epilogue. At the end of the book is thanks to members of the United States Marine Corps. In the text we can see photos taken by Evan Wright.

paragraphs: The story begins when Reporter (a nickname for Wright) first met the soldiers with whom he spent the whole time. Evan is assigned to a team whose team leader is sergeant Brad Colbert, nicknamed Iceman. Brad sits on the passenger seat. The driver is corporal Ray Person, The rear driver is James Trombley, the youngest member of the team, who is nineteen years old. Next to him is the main shooter, Corporal Walt Hassher. On the rear passenger seat is Reporter.

paragraphs: The book describes the passion for fighting, army humor and an aggressive way of war. The author gives a true view of the American army, their broken supply and some poor leadership skills. The book became very popular in America and got many awards.


title: Jawa Motors

paragraphs: Jawa Motors makes motorcycles and mopeds. The company started in 1927. František Janeček owned an ammunition factory in Czechoslovakia. The company needed a new product to make because army production was stopped. The name JAWA comes from the first two letters of words Janeček (factory owner) and Wanderer (factory name).

paragraphs: In 1932 František Janeček sold a new motorbike--the Jawa 175 Villiers. It was simple motorbike. Iwas popular because it was light weight. By 1935 3,000 of these motorbikes were produced.

paragraphs: In 1935 the same frame used engine JAWA 350 OHV. This motorbike was stronger and more luxury than previous type 175 Villiers. There was more chrome parts and a built-in speedometer. 4000 were produced.

paragraphs: The smallest Jawa motorbike before World War II was the Jawa 100 Robot. It was a small moped. About 12,000 were produced.

paragraphs: The start of World War II meant the end of motorbike production. Lots of motorbikes projects was created illegally, but only one realized, Jawa 350.

paragraphs: In 1952 was produced one of travelling motorbike Jawa 500 OHC, there was used four stroke engine. This motorbike is used by the police and the army.

paragraphs: To the 1960 JAWA cooperated with many countries, for example India, Turkey, Egypt. Firm IDEAL MOTORD in Majsur in India bought licences from Jawa mostly.

paragraphs: In 1970 Jawa produced the "BIZON“ series, and after that Jawa 634, which were modernized to model 640. Jawa 638-640 has engine 350ccm, it is robust and favourite motorbike in class motorbike.

paragraphs: JAWA produced a lot´s of models of mopeds, for example JAWA 50 types 20,21 named „pionýr“ or „pařez“ This motorbikes were mostly sell in SSSR.

paragraphs: Today Jawa is sold in many European countries. The newest models are JAWA 660, JAWA 125 and 50 Dandy, JAWA 250, 350 and. Basic of motorbikes is really the same like 70 years ago, but it is very modernized, mainly motors. Today stronger four-stroke motors are used, two-stroke motors are used to 350ccm.

paragraphs: In 1933 Jawa started to produce small cars. Ing. Janeček bought a licence from German Meisterklasse DKW. It was called JAWA 700. To 1934 was produced some one thousand cars of this type, because sale was full of small cars, so JAWA produced more motorbikes than cars, in season before war were motorbikes more favourite.


title: Frank Macfarlane Burnet

paragraphs: Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet (3 September 1899 - 31 August 1985) was an Australian virologist. In 1960, He was given a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work dealing with immunology.


title: George Burns

paragraphs: George Burns (born Nathan Birnbaum, January 20, 1896– March 9, 1996), was an American comedian, actor, and writer.

paragraphs: He was well known for his comedy routines with his wife, Gracie Allen, involving her tall tales about her relatives. The "Burns & Allen Show" was broadcast on radio from 1942 to 1950 and on television from 1950 to 1958.


title: Cathedral of the Holy Spirit (Czech Republic)

paragraphs: The Cathedral of St. Ducha ("the holy spirit") is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Hradec Králové, Czech Republic. It was built in 1307. It was built by order of Eliška Rejčka because the church of St. Klement was too small. The church was burned and rebuilt several times between the 14th and 16th centuries. In the 17th century, the church was plundered by Swedish soldiers. In 1664, Pope Alexander VII blessed the church as a cathedral. The last repairs were done after World War II.

paragraphs: The cathedral has an old Gothic altar from the end of the 15th century. It also has an early baroque altar from the 17th century. There is a portrait of St. Antoním by Petr Brandla, a pastoforium made by Matej Rejsem and a pulpit by Josef Myslbek. Under the cathedral are 3 crypts. There is a legend about one of them. In the legend, Jan Žižka z Trocnova, a famous Hussite commander, was buried there for a short time. In the towers are 4 bells named Leopold, Klement, Václav and Michal.

paragraphs: There are services every day. On Monday, Tuesday, Thursday, Friday and Saturday, services are at 18:30. On Sunday, services are at 6:30, 9:30 and 11:00. There is a special service for children on Wednesdays at 17:30. People can visit the interior of the cathedral during worship.


title: BIGBANG 2

paragraphs: BIGBANG 2 is the third Japanese album of South Korean boy band, Big Bang. It was released on May 11, 2011 and this album had 3 singles to date: "Let Me Hear Your Voice", "Tell Me Goodbye", and "Beautiful Hangover".


title: Computer network

paragraphs: A computer network is a group of two or more computers that are linked together. Networks are usually used to share resources, exchange files or communicate with other users.

paragraphs: A network is a set of nodes connected by communication links. A node can be a computer, printer, or any other device capable of sending or receiving data from the other node through the network.

paragraphs: Other devices are often needed for the network to work correctly. Examples for such devices include hubs and switches. Different kinds of network can be connected to each other with a router. In general, networks that use cables to connect can operate at higher speeds than those using wireless technology.

paragraphs: A Local Area Network (LAN) connects computers which are close together. Building a LAN is easier than connecting different networks (by a Wide Area Network). The largest Wide Area Network is the Internet.

paragraphs: Computers can be part of several different networks. Networks can also be parts of bigger networks. The "local area network" in a small business is usually connected to the "corporate network" of the larger company. These connections may allow access to the "Internet". For example, a shop may use it to show merchandise on its Web site through a web server, or to convert received orders into shipping instructions.

paragraphs: A network must be connected with appropriate hardware. This can be wired or wireless. For a simple LAN, computers, media and peripherals are sufficient. WANs (wide area networks) and some large LANs (local area networks) need some additional devices like a bridge, gateway or router to connect different small or large networks.

paragraphs: A network needs a communication protocol. Microsoft Windows, Linux and most other operating systems use TCP/IP. Apple Macintosh computers used Appletalk in the 20th century, but use TCP/IP now.

paragraphs: To have network communication technology as one large model would be difficult to implement. As a result, we split up various components of the network into smaller modules or layers. The standard model of a network is the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model set by the International Organization Standard (ISO). Other network models exist, though they are all split into similar layers. Each layer uses the services that the layer below provides, while providing services for the layer above it. Each layer can only communicate with the same layer on the destination device. "

paragraphs: OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) is a 7-layer network model specified by ISO (International Organization for Standardization) norm and is widely used all around the world. The concept of a seven-layer model was provided by the work of Charles Bachman, Honeywell information Services. Various aspects of OSI design evolved from experiences with the ARPANET, NPLNET, EIN and CYCLADES networks and the work in IFIP WG6.1.

paragraphs: The physical layer defines electrical and physical specifications for devices. It also specifies modulated and baseband transmission.

paragraphs: Baseband is digital data in their raw form (1001 1101 1010 0011). This allows very fast and reliable transmission over short distances; however, the media tend to make the bits interfere with each other, the range of baseband transmission is very limited. It becomes worse with increasing speed. Baseband technology is frequently used on LAN.

paragraphs: In telecommunications, modulation is the process of conveying a message signal, for example a digital bit stream or an analog audio signal, inside another signal that can be physically transmitted. The device that provides modulation of the baseband signal is called a modulator, and the device that provides demodulation of the modulated signal back to baseband is called a demodulator. Today, the modulator and demodulator are integrated into one device called Modem (modulator-demodulator). Frequently used on WAN, WLAN, WWAN.

paragraphs: Typical technology: WI-FI, ADSL, cable TV connection (CATV)

paragraphs: The data link layer provides the functional and procedural means to transfer data between network entities and to detect and possibly correct errors that may occur in the physical layer.

paragraphs: The network layer provides the functional and procedural means of transferring variable length data sequences from a source host on one network to a destination host on a different network using the IP address.

paragraphs: An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label assigned to each device (e.g., computer, printer) participating in a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication. At present there are two versions of protocols in use – IPv4 and IPv6.

paragraphs: The transport layer provides transparent transfer of data between end users, providing reliable data transfer services to the upper layers. The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) of the Internet Protocol Suite are commonly categorized as layer-4 protocols within OSI.

paragraphs: Commonly united into one layer in simplified network models, its main purpose is to interact with applications, encrypting and establishing dedicated connections if necessary.

paragraphs: Latency, incorrectly called ping, is a value that measures how much time packets need to travel to their destination. It is measured in miliseconds (ms). The tool that measures latency is called ping, commonly using special ICMP packets which are smaller than standard data packets so they do not weight the network by their presence.

paragraphs: Capacity is a measure of transfer capacity of a network and is measured in bits per second (bps or b/s), today commonly Mbps or Mb/s. It shows us how many data units are transferred each second. At present, the average bandwidth is far higher than is necessary and it is not a limiting factor in most cases.

paragraphs: Broadcast is a special transmission that is not meant for a single device but is addressed to all devices in specific network. It is mostly used to automatically issue IP addresses to devices by a DHCP server and to create an ARP table that maps the network and speeds up the traffic.


title: DFC Heidenreichstein

paragraphs: The DFC Heidenreichstein is a woman´s football club from Heidenreichstein, Lower Austria, Austria. The club is playing in the Landesliga Niederösterreich, the third level in Austrian women´s soccer. Many years they were part of the ÖFB-Frauenliga, the highest level in Austrian women soccer.

paragraphs: The club was founded in 1981 as part of the FC Heidenreichstein. Soon the women department became independent. 1985 they played in the Damenliga Ost, which was the second level in women soccer. 1987 they were promoted for the first time in the ÖFB-Frauenliga (first level). 1990 they were relegated but came back in 1992. In 1993/94 they reached the third place in the ÖFB-Frauenliga which was the best place ever. In the 1992/93 season the club reached the final of the ÖFB-Ladies Cup. They lost 2:0 versus Union Kleinmünchen Linz. Also the 1994/95 cup final was lost versus Kleinmünchen. 1998 they were again relegated and played till 2009 in the second level. 2009 they were again relegated and at present they play in the Landesliga Niederösterreich,which is the third level.

paragraphs: GK-goalkeeper, DF-defence, MF- midfielder, FW-forward


title: Chuvash Wikipedia

paragraphs: The Chuvash Wikipedia () is the Chuvash language edition of Wikipedia. It was founded on November 22, 2004. Its 5,000th article was created in January 2007. On November 11, 2016, it passed 36,000 articles.

paragraphs: Rules in Chuvash Wikipedia are not as flexible in disputes as they are on English Wikipedia. Many things can be resolved through an . An arbitration committee can help with disagreements about things in articles, block users or stop certain users from editing articles on certain topics. Misuse of an administrator's privileges can also be easily appealed.

paragraphs: The Chuvash Wikipedia accepts fair use content. Many things are allowed. One thing that is not allowed is categorizing or listing people based on their ethnicity, religion or sexual orientation. Such categories are usually not allowed unless the category is relevant to the main activity of a person.

paragraphs: The Chuvash Wikipedia was created on November 22, 2004.


title: ChuvashTet

paragraphs: ChuvashTet (short for "Chuvash Internet"), () is the name Chuvash-speaking Internet users commonly use for the segment of the Web about the Chuvash people or Chuvashia. It includes webpages and websites in many languages.

paragraphs: Chuvash Internet users employ Latin and Cyrillic scripts.


title: Alikovo, Alikovsky District, Chuvash Republic

paragraphs: Alikovo (; , "Elĕk") is a locality (a "selo") and the administrative center of Alikovsky District of the Chuvash Republic, Russia. It is south of Cheboksary, on the Cheboksary—Krasnye Chetai and Cheboksary—Yadrin auto routes. Most of the 2,500 people who live there are Chuvash.

paragraphs: The Abashyrma River flows near Alikovo; and the closest village is Siner.

paragraphs: The climate is moderately continental, with long cold winters and warm summers. Average January temperature is ; average July temperature is . The absolute recorded low was and the record high was . Annual precipitation is up to .

paragraphs: The facilities include a culture center, a theater, a library, a medical clinic, and stores. There is also a postal office, a stadium, a restaurant and cafés, and several gas stations. A market is open on Thursdays. There are two parks—central and one named after Andriyan Nikolayev.

paragraphs: Educational facilities include a middle school and a music school.

paragraphs: Cultural facilities include a museum, a people's theater, a people's ensemble, a veteran's orchestra, a school's brass band, and a chorus. International Chuvash music festival "Vir'yal shevlisem" ("Vir'yal's pancakes") is held during summers.

paragraphs: Industry in Alikovo is represented by a building plant, branches of banks and insurance companies, telecommunication offices, and building companies.


title: Khirlepposi

paragraphs: Khirlepposi or Khirleppos' Melesh (; , "Hirleppuş Mĕlĕš") is a locality (a village) in Tautovskoye Rural Settlement of Alikovsky District of the Chuvash Republic, Russia, located west of Alikovo, the administrative center of the district. Population: 245 (2006 est.), mostly females; 539 (1926); 482 (1907); 141 (1859).

paragraphs: The name of the village is derived from the Chuvash words "" (the name of the river flowing through the village) and "" ("beginning"). "" was the name of the first settler.

paragraphs: The Khirlep River flows through the village.

paragraphs: Cheboksary–Alikovo–Krasnye Chetai auto route passes near the village.

paragraphs: The village was first mentioned in July 1774, when Yemelyan Pugachev passed near it. First school in Khirlepposi opened in 1895.

paragraphs: As the village grew, some of its residents moved out to found new villages in Alikovsky (Small Melesh (or Pavlooshkan'), Toropkasy, New Selo (now it's Azamat), Khitekooshkan', Khoravary) and Krasnochetaisky (Melesh) Districts.

paragraphs: Until 1927, Khirlepposi was a part of Alikovskaya Volost of Yadrinsky Uyezd. On July 1, 1927, the village was incorporated into Alikovsky District and on December 20, 1962 it was transferred to Vurnarsky District. On March 14, 1965, it was returned to Alikovsky District.

paragraphs: The facilities in Khirlepposi include a club, a library, a first-aid post, and a store.

paragraphs: There are five streets in the village: Tsentralnaya (, earlier ), Komsomolskaya (), Kooperativnaya (), Pereulochnaya (, earlier and ), and Shkolnaya ().

paragraphs: The climate is moderately continental, with long cold winters and warm summers. Average January temperature is ; average July temperature is . Record low of was recorded in 1979, and the record high was . Average annual precipitation is up to .


title: Tautovskoye Rural Settlement

paragraphs: Tautovskoye Rural Settlement (; , "Tavăt jal tărăkhĕ") is an administrative and municipal division (a rural settlement) of Alikovsky District of the Chuvash Republic, Russia. It is located in the central part of the district. Its administrative center is the locality (a village) of Tautovo. Rural settlement's population: 2,532 (2006 est.).

paragraphs: Tautovskoye Rural Settlement comprises eleven rural localities.

paragraphs: The Cheboksary–Krasnye Chetai highway crosses the territory of the rural settlement.


title: Alikovskoye Rural Settlement

paragraphs: Alikovskoye Rural Settlement (; , "Elĕk jal tărăkhĕ") is an administrative and municipal division (a rural settlement) of Alikovsky District of the Chuvash Republic, Russia. It is in the central part of the district. Its administrative center is the locality (a "selo") of Alikovo. Rural settlement's population: 4,291 (2006 est.).

paragraphs: Alikovskoye Rural Settlement comprises ten rural localities.

paragraphs: The Cheboksary–Yadrin and the Cheboksary–Krasnye Chetai highways cross the territory of the rural settlement.


title: Bolshevylskoye Rural Settlement

paragraphs: Bolshevylskoye Rural Settlement (; , "Măn Vylă jal tărăkhĕ") is an administrative and municipal division (a rural settlement) of Alikovsky District of the Chuvash Republic, Russia. It is located in the central part of the district. Its administrative center is the locality (a village) of Bolshaya Vyla. Rural settlement's population: 1,279 (2006 est.).

paragraphs: Bolshevylskoye Rural Settlement comprises three rural localities.

paragraphs: The Cheboksary–Yadrin highway crosses the territory of the rural settlement.


title: Chuvashsko-Sorminskoye Rural Settlement

paragraphs: Chuvashsko-Sorminskoye Rural Settlement or Chuvash-Sorma Rural Settlement (; , "Chăvash Surăm yal tărăkhĕ") is an administrative and municipal division (a rural settlement) of Alikovsky District of the Chuvash Republic, Russia. It is located in the eastern part of the district. Its administrative center is the locality (a "selo") of Chuvashskaya Sorma. Rural settlement's population: 1,758 (2006 est.).

paragraphs: Chuvashsko-Sorminskoye Rural Settlement comprises sixteen rural localities.


KB


title: Kilobit

paragraphs: A kilobit is 1000 (kilo-), as in SI, bits. A bit is either 0 (off) or 1 (on). The kilobit is usually written as kbit or kb. Kibibit is similar, except it has 1024 (power of two) bits instead of 1000. They are sometimes confused.


title: Krymzaraykinskoye Rural Settlement

paragraphs: Krymzaraykinskoye Rural Settlement (; , "Krymzaraykă jal tărăkhĕ") is an administrative and municipal division (a rural settlement) of Alikovsky District of the Chuvash Republic, Russia. It is located in the central part of the district. Its administrative center is the locality (a "selo") of Krymzaraykino. Rural settlement's population: 1,081 (2006 est.).

paragraphs: Krymzaraykinskoye Rural Settlement comprises nine rural localities.


title: Pitishevskoye Rural Settlement

paragraphs: Pitishevskoye Rural Settlement (; , "Yountapa jal tărăkhĕ") is an administrative and municipal division (a rural settlement) of Alikovsky District of the Chuvash Republic, Russia. It is located in the central part of the district. Its administrative center is the locality (a village) of Pitishevo. Rural settlement's population: 1,095 (2006 est.).

paragraphs: Pitishevskoye Rural Settlement comprises six rural localities.


title: Raskildinskoye Rural Settlement

paragraphs: Raskildinskoye Rural Settlement (; , "Uraskilt jal tărăkhĕ") is an administrative and municipal division (a rural settlement) of Alikovsky District of the Chuvash Republic, Russia. It is located in the western part of the district. Its administrative center is the locality (a "selo") of Raskildino. Rural settlement's population: 1,366 (2006 est.).

paragraphs: Raskildinskoye Rural Settlement comprises five rural localities.

paragraphs: The Cheboksary–Yadrin and Cheboksary–Krasnye Chetai highways cross the territory of the rural settlement.


title: Shumshevashskoye Rural Settlement

paragraphs: Shumshevashskoye Rural Settlement (; , "Shĕmshesh jal tărăkhĕ") is an administrative and municipal division (a rural settlement) of Alikovsky District of the Chuvash Republic, Russia. It is located in the central part of the district. Its administrative center is the locality (a "selo") of Shumshevashi. Rural settlement's population: 2,289 (2006 est.).

paragraphs: Shumshevashskoye Rural Settlement comprises nineteen rural localities.

paragraphs: The Alikovo–Shumshevashi highway crosses the territory of the rural settlement.


title: Teneyevskoye Rural Settlement

paragraphs: Teneyevskoye Rural Settlement (; , "Teni jal tărăkhĕ") is an administrative and municipal division (a rural settlement) of Alikovsky District of the Chuvash Republic, Russia. It is located in the central part of the district. Its administrative center is the locality (a "selo") of Teneyevo. Rural settlement's population: 900 (2006 est.).

paragraphs: Teneyevskoye Rural Settlement comprises five rural localities.

paragraphs: The Alikovo–Tautovo highway crosses the territory of the rural settlement.


title: Yandobinskoye Rural Settlement

paragraphs: Yandobinskoye Rural Settlement (; , "Yountapa jal tărăkhĕ") is an administrative and municipal division (a rural settlement) of Alikovsky District of the Chuvash Republic, Russia. It is located in the central part of the district. Its administrative center is the locality (a "selo") of Yandoba. Rural settlement's population: 1,081 (2006 est.).

paragraphs: Yandobinskoye Rural Settlement comprises twelve rural localities.

paragraphs: The Cheboksary–Alikovo highway crosses the territory of the rural settlement.


title: Yefremkasinskoye Rural Settlement

paragraphs: Yefremkasinskoye Rural Settlement (; , "Yountapa jal tărăkhĕ") is an administrative and municipal division (a rural settlement) of Alikovsky District of the Chuvash Republic, Russia. It is located in the central part of the district. Its administrative center is the locality (a village) of Yefremkasy. Rural settlement's population: 2,608 (2006 est.).

paragraphs: Yefremkasinskoye Rural Settlement comprises thirteen rural localities.

paragraphs: The Cheboksary–Vurnary highway crosses the territory of the rural settlement.


title: Nikolay Yut

paragraphs: Nikoláj Jákovlevič Jut —( & ), 30 July 1898 in village Siner of Alikovsky District, Chuvash Republic (Russia) - 27 March 1967 in Shumerlya) was a Chuvash writer, folklorist and literature critic.

paragraphs: Nikolai Yut was born in the village of Siner, which is now in Alikovsky District, Chuvash Republic, Russia. He graduated from the Simbir Chuvashia teachers School. He then graduated from the Communist University of Peoples of the East in 1923. He completed graduate studies at the Institute of History of Material Culture of the USSR from 1923–1925. Jut was the editor of the newspaper "Canvas". He was head of the Chuvashia Writers association from 1923–1925. He was the author of numerous literary-critical articles. He was the Author of "A brief sketch of Chuvash Folk Poetry" (1928). Jut was a USSR writers Union’s member (1934). He was critical of members of the regional committee accusing them of sloppiness. For this he was expelled from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. He was later reinstated. He had a significant influence on the literature of his time.

paragraphs: Yut served in the Russian Civil War and World War II. He was arrested in 1937, he was released in 1943. Yut was rehabilitated in 1956. He died on 27 March 1967 in Shumerlya.


title: Arcady Aris

paragraphs: Arcady Aris —( & , January 29, 1901 in village Siner of Alikovsky District, Chuvash Republic (Russia) - November 14, 1941GULAG, Siberia)— Chuvash writer and literature critic.

paragraphs: Arcady Aris born 1901 January 29 in village Siner (now it's in Alikovsky District, Chuvash Republic) (Russia).

paragraphs: He was a participant of Russian Civil War, was repressed in 1937.

paragraphs: Writer died in 1941, November 14 in GULAG (Siberia).


title: Robert Moresco

paragraphs: Robert "Bobby" Moresco is a Hollywood screenwriter. Some of the movies he has written for are "10th & Wolf" and "Crash". He won an Academy Award for "Crash". He also was a producer of "Crash". He has acted in three movies. He wrote scripts for the television series "EZ Streets", "Millennium" and "The Black Donnellys".

paragraphs: In 2012 he received the Pioneer in Screenwriting Award at the Burbank Film Festival.


title: Jolbon

paragraphs: Jolbon was the capital city of the ancient Korean Kingdom of Goguryeo.

paragraphs: The city was established in 37 by Jumong.


title: Sequoia

paragraphs: Sequoia is a genus of redwood trees in the Cupressaceae family. It includes the largest trees in the world. The only living species of the genus is the Sequoia sempervirens, in northern California and southern Oregon in the United States. Several other species have been named from fossils, but are now extinct. These include "Sequoia affinis", "Sequoia chinensis" in China, "Sequoia langsdorfii", "Sequoia dakotensis" of South Dakota, and "Sequoia magnifica". Other related species of the subfamily Sequoioideae include Sequoiadendron Giganteum, the Giant Sequoia and Metasequoia Glyptostroboides, the Dawn Redwood.

paragraphs: The oldest known fossils in the "Sequoia" genus are those of "Sequoia jeholensis", which have been found in Jurassic deposits of southern Manchuria. By the late Cretaceous it had spread to other parts of China, Europe, and western North America.

paragraphs: Giant sequoia are much more recent in the fossil record, appearing 25 million years ago. They grow only in 75 groups across 35,600 acres in California, near the Sierra Nevada mountains. These groups were formed as a protection from logging. The most famous area with giant sequoia trees is Sequoia National Park. The park was made as the second national park, after the Yellowstone in 1980. The Sequoia National Park is managed with Kings Canyon National Park. Together, the two parks are called Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks. Several trees in Sequoia National Park have even been named, for example General Grant, the Grizzly Giant or General Sherman.


title: New Bern, North Carolina

paragraphs: New Bern () is a city in Craven County, North Carolina. It has a population of 29,524. It is located where the Trent and the Neuse rivers meet. The city is east of Raleigh and northeast of Wilmington. New Bern is the county seat of Craven County. New Bern is the birthplace of the international drink, Pepsi Cola.

paragraphs: New Bern was a Native American town named Chattoka. Swiss immigrants moved to New Bern in 1710. It was named after the capital of Switzerland: Bern. "Bern" is bear in the German language, and the flags of both towns have the drawing of a bear.

paragraphs: New Bern is the second oldest town in North Carolina. It was the capital of the North Carolina colonial government and the state capital for a short time until 1792. After the American Revolution, New Bern became rich and quickly developed a rich cultural life. At one time New Bern was called "the Athens of the South." After Raleigh was named as the state capital, New Bern rebuilt its economy with the help of trade routes to the Caribbean and New England. It reached a population of 3,600 in 1815. During the 19th-century Federal period, New Bern was the largest city in North Carolina.

paragraphs: New Bern has four historic districts with homes, stores and churches dating back to the early eighteenth century. Close to the waterfront are more than 164 homes and buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Also nearby are several bed and breakfast inns, hotels, restaurants, banks, antiques stores and specialty shops. Tryon Palace, the home of British governor William Tryon, was built in 1770. It was used as the original state capitol building of newly independent North Carolina. It burned down in the 1790s. People can now visit a replica, built from the original plans and on the original foundation. The Masonic Temple and the Athens Theater are both still very active today. The Masonic Theater is the oldest theater in America in continuous use.

paragraphs: The historic districts also are home to many of the town's 2,000 crape myrtles — New Bern’s official flower — and gardens. The district has flowering dogwoods and azaleas.

paragraphs: Union Point park is where the Neuse and Trent Rivers join. It is the city’s major celebration spot for events such as Neuse River Days and the Fourth of July. In 1979, the local government gave Swiss Bear Downtown Revitalization Corp — a nonprofit corporation of civic leaders — control of the failing downtown area. Today, art galleries, specialty shops, antiques stores, restaurants and inns have changed downtown and the waterfront into a social hub. Improvements are still being made. Built in 1995 through the efforts of Swiss Bear, James Reed Lane is a downtown mini-park and pedestrian walk-through on Pollock Street across from historic Christ Church. Private restoration efforts have returned many of the downtown buildings to their turn-of-the-last-century elegance.


title: Ecological footprint

paragraphs: An ecological footprint measures how much people take from nature. The footprint is then compared to the amount of natural resources nature can renew. The ecological footprint takes into account how much farm land, forest area, grazing land and sea area it takes to provide everything people use. More simply, footprint calculations answer the questions: how much nature do we have? And how much do we use?

paragraphs: When analyzing the world as a whole, humanity is using nature about 1.7 times faster than nature renews itself. It is like using 1.5 planet Earths. Since people consume differently around the world, it is also possible to calculate how many planet it would take if everybody around the world consumed like a particular population. For instance, if everybody consumed like the Germans, it would take nearly 3 planet Earths. Another estimate says "the average world citizen has an eco-footprint of about 2.7 global average hectares while there are only 1.65 global hectare of bioproductive land and water per capital on earth. This means that humanity has already overshot global biocapacity by 70% and now lives unsustainably by depleting stocks of "natural capital".


title: Pope Innocent VII

paragraphs: Pope Innocent VII (; 1336 – November 6, 1406), born Cosimo de' Migliorati, was an Italian cleric of the Roman Catholic Church and the 205th Pope from 1404 until his death in 1406.

paragraphs: Migliorati was born at Sulmona in the Abruzzi region of Italy.

paragraphs: Migliorati studied at Perugia, Padua and Bologna. He taught law at Perugia and Pagua.

paragraphs: Pope Urban VI made Migliorati Bishop of Bologna in 1386. He became Archbishop of Ravenna in 1387.

paragraphs: Pope Boniface IX made Migliorati cardinal in 1389.

paragraphs: Migliorati was elected pope on October 17, 1404; and chose to be called of Innocent VII.

paragraphs: He elevated his nephew as a cardinal Ludovico Migliorati. Cardinal Migliorati had a unique role as cardinal-nephew.

paragraphs: Pope Innocent was involved in Italian and European political disputes.

paragraphs: Innocent VII was pope during the years of the Western Schism, which was a split between factions of the Roman Catholic Church between 1378 and 1417.

paragraphs: During this period, there was more than one who claimed to be the true pope.


title: Environmental impact of aviation

paragraphs: Air travel has a major impact on the world's environment, especially the atmosphere. With fast globalisation, air traffic has quickly increased, and is one of the biggest causes of climate change.

paragraphs: This is due to the noise pollution emitted from the aircraft while it is flying. It also takes fuel to fly the planes which causes pollution. Aircraft pollution has increased a great deal although flying or taking a transportation method that can carry more than a few individuals at a time is more environmentally friendly than a smaller vehicle.

paragraphs: Public awareness of the impact of aircraft on the environment is a lot less compared with automobiles.


title: Happiness (Alexis Jordan song)

paragraphs: Happiness is a song by Alexis Jordan. It peaked at number-one in three countries. "Happiness" is the lead single from Jordan's debut album "Alexis Jordan" (2011).


title: Alexis Jordan (album)

paragraphs: Alexis Jordan is the self-titled debut album by American singer Alexis Jordan.


title: Alexis Jordan discography

paragraphs: This is a discography for American singer Alexis Jordan.


title: Opening act

paragraphs: An opening act (or warm-up act) is an entertainer who performs first before the headliner goes on stage to perform. The opening act's role is to keep the audience at a concert excited which helps the headliner get ready to perform their act on stage.


title: StarRoc/Roc Nation

paragraphs: StarRoc/Rock Nation is an American record label and music publishing company that was founded by American rapper Jay-Z. Currently, Alexis Jordan and Willow Smith (Will Smith's daughter) are sighed to the record label.


title: T4 on the Beach

paragraphs: T4 on the Beach is a one-day yearly music event that occurs in Weston-super-Mare in June or July. It began in 2003 as Pop Beach in Great Yarmouth, changing in 2005 to its current name and location. The event is broadcast live on Channel 4 in the United Kingdom.


title: JLS

paragraphs: JLS were an English boy band. They have sold over 3 million records worldwide. They were runners-up in the 2008 UK series of "The X Factor". JLS signed a record deal with Epic records in 2009. Their debut album peaked at number-one on the UK Albums Chart and sold more than 1 million copies.


title: I Have Nothing

paragraphs: I Have Nothing is a song by American singer Whitney Houston. It was recorded for "The Bodyguard" soundtrack (1992).

paragraphs: Later as a duet recorded in 1993 by the late singers Michael Jackson featuring Whitney Houston.


title: Hot Dance Club Songs

paragraphs: The Hot Dance Club Songs is a "Billboard" chart that ranks the top 50 songs played by American DJs in night clubs.


title: Hush Hush (Alexis Jordan song)

paragraphs: "Hush Hush" is a single by American singer Alexis Jordan for her debut album "Alexis Jordan" (2011).


title: Good Girl (Alexis Jordan song)

paragraphs: Good Girl is a song recorded by American singer Alexis Jordan for her debut album "Alexis Jordan" (2011).

paragraphs: Credits adapted from "Alexis Jordan" album booklet.


title: Mixed race

paragraphs: A mixed race (or multiracial) person is someone whose ancestors (or parents) come from different races.


title: Sonny Terry

paragraphs: Sonny Terry (* 24 October 1911 in Greensboro, Georgia - † 11 March 1986 in Mineola,New York) was a blind American blues musician. His instrument was the blues harmonica. He is known for his dynamic blues harmonica style, which frequently included vocal whoops and hollers, and imitations of trains and fox hunts.

paragraphs: He was born Saunders Terrell. His father, who was a farmer and musician, taught him the basics of harmonica playing. At the age of 16 he became blind. Because of this he was not able to work on the farm of his father. He started playing music. He developed a harmonica style which included also vocal parts and hollers. Also the imitation of trains was part of his style.

paragraphs: In 1938 he played in the Carnegie Hall during the first "From Spirituals to Swing concert". The same year he recorded for the Library of Congress. Although he was famous as pure folk blues artist he also played jump blues in a band. From 1941 till 1982 he played together with the guitarist Brownie McGhee (1915-1996). He also played with other folk and blues legends like Woody Guthrie, Leadbelly, Pete Seeger, Champion Jack Dupree, Blind Gary Davis, Mississippi John Hurt, Big Bill Broonzy amongst others.

paragraphs: In the 1980s he stopped due to age his career.He played only some concerts. He died in 1986. This year he also was inducted to the Blues Hall of Fame.


title: Water footprint

paragraphs: A water footprint is the amount of freshwater used by individuals, groups or companies in order to make goods or provide services used by the community. These goods and services may be needed around the entire world. A water footprint can be determined by math for any well-established group of users, or producers. It is measured by dividing the total amount of water used, by the water that became polluted, in the same area during the same amount of time. While the water footprint of an organization is a good indicator for its water consumption and pollution, it does not show how other water sources are affected. More studies will need to be done in order to determine the effect of the water footprint on water sources.

paragraphs: The water footprint concept was introduced in 2002 by A.Y. Hoekstra from UNESCO-IHE as an alternative indicator of water use.[2]. The concept was refined and accounting methods were established with a series of publications from two lead authors A.K. Chapagain and A.Y. Hoekstra from the UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, now at WWF-UK and University of Twente respectively. The most elaborate publications on how to estimate water footprints are a 2004-report on the 'Water footprint of nations' from UNESCO-IHE [3] and the 2008-book Globalization of Water by A.Y. Hoekstra and A.K. Chapagain, published by Blackwell, 2008. Cooperation between global leading institutions in the field has led to the establishment of the Water Footprint Network in 2008 that aims to coordinate efforts to further develop and disseminate knowledge on water footprint concepts, methods and tools.


title: Pope Boniface IX

paragraphs: Pope Boniface IX (; 1350 – 1 October 1404), born Piero Tomacelli, was an Italian cleric of the Roman Catholic Church and the 204th Pope from 1389 until his death in 1404.

paragraphs: Piero Tomacelli was born into the baronial family of Casarano in the Kingdom of Naples.

paragraphs: In 1381, Pope Urban VI raised Tomacelli to the rank of cardinal.

paragraphs: Cardinal Tomacelli was elected pope in 1389; and he chose to be called Boniface IX.

paragraphs: Pope Boniface was involved in Italian and European political disputes.

paragraphs: Boniface canonized St. Birgitta of Sweden.

paragraphs: Boniface IX was pope during the years of the Western Schism, which was a split between factions of the Roman Catholic Church between 1378 and 1417.

paragraphs: During this period, there was more than one who claimed to be the true pope.


Pope Boniface


title: Recursive algorithm

paragraphs: A recursive algorithm is a function that tells itself to do something, resulting in it running over and over on smaller and smaller inputs. At the end, it gives back a value.


title: Bang!

paragraphs: Bang! is a card game. It is set in the Wild West. It was made by an Italian man named Emiliano Sciarra. This year, there were many expansion packs for the game. With all of them, this game can be played with eight players at the most.

paragraphs: At the beginning of game, every player chooses their character and role. When the player is choosing their character, they take two random cards, looks at special ability and picks one of them. Every character has a different count of lives (from three to five). The sheriff has one more.

paragraphs: There are four roles. Every player knows only their own role. Only the sheriff is known to everybody. Roles are different depending on the number of players:

paragraphs: After everyone chooses their character and role, the game starts. Every player gets the same number of cards as the number of lives they have, so if a player has three lives, they get three cards. At the beginning of turn, the player takes two cards. There are three kinds of cards. They have brown, blue and green edges. Brown cards allow players to play immediately, blue cards mean a player has to put it on the table first. Green cards also mean this, but the player needs to wait for one lap before he can use the card.


title: Aspen

paragraphs: Aspens are a type of poplar tree with leaves that move with the slightest wind. The two main species are both called 'trembling aspens' or 'quaking aspens' on account of their leaves.

paragraphs: Populus tremuloides is the American aspen. It is common in temperate and colder regions of North America.

paragraphs: It forms large stands (groups) of genetically identical trees (clones) connected by a single underground root system. These trees form through root sprouts coming off an original parent tree. The largest known fully connected aspen is a grove in Utah nicknamed 'Pando', and some experts call it the largest organism in the world, by mass or volume. It covers 0.43 km (106 acres) and is estimated to weigh .

paragraphs: Populus tremula is a species of poplar native to cool temperate regions of Europe and Asia, from the British Isles east to Kamchatka, north to inside the Arctic Circle in Scandinavia and northern Russia, and south to central Spain, Turkey, the Tian Shan mountain system, North Korea, and northern Japan. It also occurs at one site in northwest Africa in Algeria. In the south of its range, it occurs at high altitudes in mountains.

paragraphs: It is a hardy species which tolerates long, cold winters and short summers. Aspen is dioecious, so individual trees are either male or female (in contrast to most trees, where male and female flowers occur on the same tree). Trees flower in March and April, before the leaves appear, with both the male and female trees producing catkins. Pollinated female catkins ripen in early summer and release tiny seeds which are tufted with hairs.

paragraphs: Like other aspens, its main method of reproduction is vegetative (asexual). It spreads extensively by root sprouts, which may be produced up to 40 metres from the parent tree. They form extensive clonal colonies. Large numbers of new shoots can be produced in this way, especially after a major disturbance such as fire.


title: Iyyampalayam

paragraphs: Iyyampalayam is a panchayat town in Dindigul district in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. There also exists another village by the same name, in the Erode district in Tamil Nadu. For the Ayyampalaym in Erode district, see here: Ayyampalayam, Erode district. There is another village of the same name near Manachanallur in Trichy district.

paragraphs: As of 2001 India census, Iyyampalayam had a population of 12,131. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Iyyampalayam has an average literacy rate of 62%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 56% of the males and 44% of females literate. 11% of the population is under 6 years of age.Coconuts and Mangoes are the main production in this village. This village is located at the bottom of Kodaikanal. Marudanadi dam is very nearer to this village and through which around of lands gets irrigated.

paragraphs: An ancient Muthalamman Temple festival is very famous in this village. This festival was headed by Alappa gowder and their family members every year. This takesplaces for three days Wednesday, Thursday and Friday. Wednesday night is the most important day of the festival, during that day they bring silk cloth covered goddess statue from Thevarapanpatti and removing this silk cloth and eye opening and decorate the goddess in Alappa gowder's temple house and then only it goes to the temple where festival begins and final Friday aarathi was also taken by Alappa gowder family to the goddess as send of function. Sadayandi swami petti festival is also equivalently important. Periya Iyyanar temple on the bank of Marudanadi river is also a worth seeing place. Pandit Nehru Portrait was given divine status in this temple proves this village people are very patriotic by birth.

paragraphs: Persons from this village have joined in the INA founded by Nethaji Subash Chandra Bose. The forefathers of Dr.Subramania Siva lived in this village. Pongal festival during the month of January, jallikattu competition will be held with great enthusiasm.

paragraphs: This village is well connected by road. N.P.Ramasamy Memorial Higher Secondary School caters to the needs of this village education.


title: Kenny G

paragraphs: Kenneth Bruce Gorelick (born June 5, 1956), better known by his stage name Kenny G, is an American adult contemporary and smooth jazz saxophonist. His fourth album, "Duotones", brought him breakthrough success in 1986. Kenny G is the biggest-selling instrumental musician with global sales totaling more than 75 million records.

paragraphs: Kenny G was born in Seattle, Washington, to Jewish parents and grew up in the city's Seward Park neighborhood, which is a center of the city's Jewish community. His mother was originally from Saskatchewan, Canada. He came into contact with a saxophone when he heard someone performing with one on "The Ed Sullivan Show". He started playing the saxophone in 1966 when he was 10 years old. He learned how to play under the direction of trumpeter Gerald Pfister and by practicing along with records (mostly of Grover Washington, Jr.). His first saxophone was a Buffet Crampon alto.

paragraphs: Kenny G married Lyndie Benson-Gorelick in 1992, and the couple had two sons. In January 2012, Benson-Gorelick filed for legal separation. Kenny G filed for divorce in August 2012.

paragraphs: Kenny G lives in Malibu, California. He has been an avid golfer, with a handicap of +0.6. He had participated in the AT&T Pebble Beach National Pro-Am tournament seven times as of 2007 and teamed with Phil Mickelson to share the AT&T pro-am title in 2001 with the team of Tiger Woods and Jerry Chang. In the Golf Digest rankings of Top 100 in Music, according to golf handicap indexes of musicians, he was first in 2002 and second in 2006. He has been a member at Sherwood Country Club in Thousand Oaks, California.

paragraphs: Kenny G is an aircraft pilot and has a De Havilland Beaver seaplane that he flies regularly. He was also an early investor in the Starbucks coffee house chain.


title: Git (software)

paragraphs: Git () is a distributed revision control system ― a computer program that helps people create other computer programs together. Git was made to be fast. It was created by Linus Torvalds for use in developing the Linux kernel which he also created. Git's current development is looked after by Junio Hamano. It is free and open source software released under the GNU General Public License version 2 software license.


title: Škoda Auto

paragraphs: Škoda Auto (), better known as Škoda, is an automobile maker. It is based in the Czech Republic. Škoda was bought by the Volkswagen Group in 2000. Its total sales reached 684,226 cars in 2009 and 85,000 for the month of March 2011.

paragraphs: Škoda Works was started as a firearms maker in 1859.

paragraphs: Škoda Auto goes back to the early 1890s as a company which started out making bicycles. In 1894, 26-year old Václav Klement (a bookseller in Mladá Boleslav) could not find any spare parts to fix his bicycle. Klement returned his bicycle to the makers, Seidel and Naumann, with a letter. It was written in Czech. The letter asked the company to repair the bicycle. When Klement got his reply, it was in German. It said (in English): "If you would like an answer to your inquiry, you should try writing in a language we can understand". Klement was very unhappy at this. Even though he did not have any experience, he decided to start a bicycle repair shop. He and Václav Laurin opened this in 1895 in Mladá Boleslav. Before working with Klement, Laurin was a bicycle maker in the town of Turnov. Turnov was near to Mladá Boleslav. In 1898, after moving to their newly-built factory, the pair bought a Werner "motorcyclist". It was made by French manufacturer Werner Brothers. Laurin & Klement's first motorcyclette was powered by an engine on the handlebars. It drove the front wheels. It was dangerous and unreliable. Laurin had an accident on it, and lost one of his front teeth. To design a safer motorcycle, the pair wrote to German specialist Robert Bosch for advice. The pair's new motorcycle went on sale in 1899.

paragraphs: In 1900, when the company had 32 people working for them, motorcycles began being exported. 150 machines were shipped to London. Shortly after, the press said that they were the makers of the first motorcycle. The first model, Voiturette A, was a success. The company was set up both within Austria-Hungary and all over the world. By 1905 the company was making automobiles.

paragraphs: After World War I, the Laurin-Klement company began making trucks. However, in 1924, the company looked for a partner after running into problems. It was bought by Škoda Works, a firearms maker. Most things made later were under the Škoda name. Škoda was successful again after an economic depression. The "Popular" in the late 1930s is an example of a popular car.

paragraphs: During World War II, when Nazi Germany had invaded Czechoslovakia, the Škoda works was turned into part of "Reichswerke Hermann Göring". It helped the German war effort.

paragraphs: This table shows the Škoda car models still being made.


title: Masolino

paragraphs: Masolino da Panicale (common name "Tommaso di Cristoforo Fini", born around 1383 in Panicale, died 1447 in Florence) was an Italian painter. He is commonly known as Masolino. Among his best-known works are frescoes in the Brancacci Chapel, and a madonna called Madonna and Child with St. Anne. He painted the madonna together with another artist, commonly known as Masaccio.


title: Got 2 Luv U

paragraphs: Got 2 Luv U is a duet with American reggae singer Sean Paul and American R&B singer Alexis Jordan. The music video was filmed by Ben Mor. It peaked at number-one in Switzerland while it peaked at number 20 on "Billboard"s Rap Songs chart.


title: Selena videography

paragraphs: Selena had released 22 music videos and 12 video/live albums during her career. Her first music video was "Buenos Amigos", which is a duet with Salvadoran singer Alvaro Torres. It was released in the summer of 1991 and featured an orchestra performing behind Selena and Torres. Selena's first music video as a solo artist, "La Carcacha", was released four months after "Buenos Amigos". In the video, Selena dances in front of a chroma key (which shows a busy highway) and videos of people walking down the streets. "La Llamada" was released in the spring of 1993, it featured Selena and a couple of people dancing the cumbia dance in a beach house in Malibu, California. "Donde Quiera Que Estes" was filmed in New York City and was released in December 1993. The video featured Selena and the Barrio Boyzz' dancing in the styles of hip hop.

paragraphs: "Amor Prohibido" was released on Valentine's Day in 1994 and was filmed in Joshua Tree national park in Joshua Tree, California. "Bidi Bidi Bom Bom" was filmed at the Santa Monica pier, while "No Me Queda Mas" was filmed at the San Antonio, Texas' Amtrak station, which became Selena's final music video to be released while she was alive. "No Debes Jugar" was released in July 1995 by Telemundo and featured live performances of Selena singing the song in their television show "Padrisimo". "Fotos y Recuerdos", which was also released by Telemundo in July, featured home videos of Selena. In August 1995, "I Could Fall in Love" was released, it featured videos and pictures of Selena. The music video for "Dreaming of You" featured an actress playing the role as a lonely and depressed girl packing her clothes to runaway with her boyfriend. Before the girl leaves, the video shows her mother (who is tired of cleaning) heading to the back of the house and looking at the sky at night, while her husband is sleeping. The video's message is telling viewers that they should be with their loved ones because life is too short.

paragraphs: "Techno Cumbia" featured unreleased scenes of the "Bidi Bidi Bom Bom" music video and a group of dancers who danced along with the music. "Tú Sólo Tú", being released in September 1995, featured videos and pictures of Selena. Mariachi Sol de México were featured in the video, they also were the backup singers in the song. "I'm Getting Used To You", which became the final music video to be released from "Dreaming of You", featured "Selena wannabe's" auditioning for the role of "Selena", while the other scene featured two young adults who are in love. "Siempre Hace Frio" was released to promote the remix album "Siempre Selena". Jennifer Lopez is featured in the video as "Selena", though her entire body was covered with charoma key. "No Quiero Saber" (remix version) was released in December 1996 and featured Selena performing the song in her concerts.

paragraphs: "Viviras Selena", which is a tribute song, was released in March 1997. The video was filmed in Q-Productions recording studio where Tejano singers such as: Pete Astudillo, Bobby Pulido, Emilio Navaria, Jennifer Peña, Graciela Beltran and the Barrio Boyzz' recording the song live. "A Boy Like That" was released in the summer of 1997 and was directed by Kenny Ortega. The video featured backup dancers wearing shirts that are covered in radioluminescence (glow-in-the-dark) paint. "Missing My Baby" was a promotional video that was filmed and created by VH1 producers. The video was promoting the box-set "Anthology" (1998) and was released in the fall of 1998. "Disco Medley" music video featured Selena's performance of the song at the Houston Astrodome on February 26, 1995. In 2001, Los Tres Reyes released their duet-version of "No Me Queda Mas", Selena was only featured in two scenes of the music video. David Bryne released a live music video featuring Selena in the song "God's Child (Baila Conmigo)", which was filmed in 2003. During Selena's tenth death anniversary her brother's band Kumbia Kings released a remix video of "Baila Esta Cumbia" in March 2005.


title: Rohingya people

paragraphs: The Rohingya are an ethnic group of Southeast Asia. They are mainly Muslim. They live in the Arakan State in western Myanmar (or Burma), and in the Chittagong Hill Tracts in south-eastern Bangladesh. They are not citizens of either Burma or Bangladesh.

paragraphs: Starting from 2017, many Rohingya refugees began to arrive in Bangladesh in order to escape the genocide against them in Myanmar.

paragraphs: The Rohingya say that they are native to the region now known as Arakan. They are the product of the mixing of different cultures.

paragraphs: The Rohingya are quite different than other people in Burma. While most people in Burma are Buddhist and speak Burmese, the Rohingya are Muslim and speak the Rohingya language, which is quite similar to the Bengali language spoken in the neighboring country of Bangladesh. Because of these differences, a lot of people look down on the Rohingya and treat them wrong. They are worried that the Rohingya are not loyal to Burma and will try to take over the country, even though Rohingya are outnumbered by other groups.

paragraphs: The Burmese government does not like the Rohingya people. They say that the Rohingya are Bengalis and do not belong in the country. Because of this, Rohingyas cannot do things that other people in Burma can, such as go to school and vote.

paragraphs: In the 2010s, the Burmese government started to put the Rohingya in concentration camps and not allow them to leave. They also took away their ID cards so that they can't say that they were seen as Burmese citizens in the past.

paragraphs: In 2017, the Burmese army started burning down Rohingya villages. They also killed a lot of Rohingya men and said that they were part of terrorist groups. However, most Rohingya are not involved in terrorism and just want to live peaceful lives.


title: Tanuma Okitsugu

paragraphs: Tanuma was also a daimyo of the Sagara han. He used the title Tonomo-no-kami.

paragraphs: The administration of Tanuma was marked by corruption and by inflation of currency.

paragraphs: In 1784 ("Tenmei" 4), Okitsugu's son was assassinated in front of his father inside Edo Castle. The involvement of senior figures in the "bakufu" was suspected, but only the assassin was punished. The result was that liberal reforms and the relaxation of the national isolation policy "sakoku" were stopped.


title: Arakan State

paragraphs: Arakan is a Burmese state on the western coast of Myanmar. It is next to Bangladesh.

paragraphs: The term "Rakhine" may have come from the Pali word "Rakkhapura" from "Rakkhita" meaning the land of the people of Rakhasa (Rakhasa > Rakkha > Rakkhaing > Rakhaing) who were given this name in honor of their preservation of their national heritage and ethics or morality. The word Rakhine means, "one who maintains his own race." In the Rakhine language, the land is called "Rakhinepray", the ethnic Rakhine are called "Rakhinetha".

paragraphs: Arakan, used in British colonial times, is believed to be a Portuguese corruption of the word Rakhine that is still popularly used in English. Many English language users no not use the name changes made by the military government.


title: Arakanese people

paragraphs: Arakanese is a nationality in Myanmar; they form the majority along the coastal region of present-day Rakhine State or Arakan State. They possibly constitute 5.53% or more of Myanmar's total population but no accurate census figures exist. Arakanese or Rakhine people also live in the southeastern parts of Bangladesh, especially in Chittagong and Barisal Divisions. A group of Arakanese descendants, living in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh at least since the 16th century, are known as the Marma people. These Arakanese descendants have been living in that area since the Arakanese kingdom's control of the Chittagong region.

paragraphs: Arakanese descendants spread as far north as Tripura state in India, where their presence dates back to the ascent of the Arakanese kingdom when Tripura was ruled by Arakanese kings. In northeast India, these Arakanese people are referred to as the Mog, while in Bengali, the Marma (the ethnic Arakanese descendants in Bangladesh) and other Arakanese people are referred to as the Magh people.


title: Tenmei

paragraphs: The "nengō" "Tenmei" means "Heavenly Radiance". The kanji means "dawn" or "daybreak".


title: Waltari

paragraphs: Waltari is an alternative metal band from Finland. The band was formed in Helsinki in 1986. The original members were Kärtsy Hatakka, Sale Suomalainen and Jariot Lehtinen. Their name is a reference to popular Finish writer Mika Waltari – a favorite author of band’s guitarist Jariot Lethinen.

paragraphs: Waltari is more famous in the rest of Europe than in Finland and the band members have very positive relationships to Czech Republic. They’ve collaborated with Czech punk rock band Wohnout and Kärtsy is a good friend of Lenka Dusilová. The band has collaborated with many other artists. They’ve made albums with Finnish ethno band Angelit, they hosted on Apocalyptica’s album and Tarja Turunen from Nightwish was a part of Yeah! Yeah! Die! Die! live performance.

paragraphs: Waltari's music is well known for it’s destruction of rock and metal genre boundaries. Their heavy sound is often combined with elements of electronic music, pop, rap, disco, funk, grindcore and bits of many other genres and creates a fusion which can be described as avant-garde. The lead singer and bass guitarist, Kärtsy Hattaka, delivers very distinctive vocal part to their music and makes Waltari's sound even more unique and easily recognizable.

paragraphs: Waltari’s lyrics are as diverse as their music. They’re about various range of topics including everyday misery, personal struggles, science fiction motives, and music industry philosophical questions. They have one thing in common – heavy irony, self-irony and sarcasm.

paragraphs: Waltari started their musical career with demo records. The longest one was "Monk Punk". This album presents an interesting mixture of punk and funk music, but the first release which provided the band more positive reviews was the album called "Torcha!" and it was also the first one which combined bits of many musical genres. It also includes the cover of Madonna’s song "Vogue".

paragraphs: Next two albums, "So Fine" and "Big Bang" were also very successful. They mainly concentrate on mixing heavy metal with techno, which was something fresh and innovative. Their biggest success among death metal fans yet came with the "Yeah! Yeah! Die! Die!" album, which is mixture of death metal and classical music. It also has a musical feeling to it, because it’s kind of an epic story from future sung in dialogues of various characters.

paragraphs: Next album "Space Avenue" is more electronic and it has some pop feeling to it. Another one called "Radium Round" goes even further in that. It’s almost a pop/disco album with some metal elements. Waltari returned to more rock sound with albums like "Rare Species" and very successful "Blood Sample". Last two albums – "Release Date" and "Below Zero" are mainly focused on heavy sound with bits of progressive rock.


title: Capital of Brazil

paragraphs: The capital of Brazil is Brasília, a planned city that was built to be the capital of the country. Before that, Brazil had two other capital cities: Salvador (1549–1763) and Rio de Janeiro (1763–1960).

paragraphs: Salvador was established in 1549 by Thome da Sousa. It became the capital of Brazil.

paragraphs: The city became the seat of the Catholic primate of Brazil.

paragraphs: The Portuguese colonial administration moved south to Rio de Janeiro in 1763. Rio was the capital of the Viceroyalty of Brazil.

paragraphs: In 1807 the Portuguese royal family fled Lisbon when Napoleon I of France invaded Portugal. The Portuguese royal capital was temporarily moved from Europe to Rio de Janeiro.

paragraphs: After the Brazil became an independent nation in 1822, Rio continued to be the capital of the Empire of Brazil.

paragraphs: When the Republic of Brazil was established in 1889, Rio was its capital also.

paragraphs: Brasília became the federal capital on April 21, 1960.


title: Multiple sclerosis

paragraphs: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a serious health condition that gets worse over time. In this disease, the body’s natural guard against illness (the immune system) damages fatty coverings called myelin sheaths around the nerve cells (neurons) in the central nervous system. The disease has different effects in different people, and can make people’s bodies, eyesight, speech, and minds work poorly. People with MS do not normally live as long as healthy people.

paragraphs: In healthy people, myelin sheaths help neurons work. Electric signals in neurons move quickly through long, narrow axons like electricity in a wire. The myelin is like the insulator around the wire that keeps the signal strong by keeping it from moving out of the wire before the end. - In person with MS infiltration of immune cells induces inflammation within the CNS resulting in demyelination. The progressive degeneration of the myelin sheath, as well as the loss of myelin-producing cells oligodendrocytes, impair the ability of remyelination. Without the protective covering, the signals between neurons do not travel well. Because of this, the mind and body cannot work like they normally do.

paragraphs: Scientists and doctors do not know for certain the cause of MS, but they think some things put some people at a higher risk for MS:

paragraphs: Research about the causes of MS is still incomplete. Some scientists think that a relatively unknown pathogen called Chlamydia pneumoniae may cause MS. Also, some viruses can cause myelin damage, there are other viruses that have been shown to make people more likely to get MS. Even though scientists and doctors have theories, no one has found one cause that explains every case of the disease.

paragraphs: Quite a few forms of MS exist, which can create difficulty in deciding how to manage the illness. The disease damages myelin. Sometimes, the body can do limited repairs to myelin. When this happens, symptoms (the problems caused by the disease) go away for a short time. This is called remission. When the body attacks the myelin again, the symptoms return and this is called relapse. The type of MS that has remissions and relapses is called Remitting-Relapsing MS. In less common cases, the body continues attacking myelin and the symptoms get worse rapidly, a form called "Primary Progressive MS". Sometimes a combination of the two types of disease can occur simultaneously.

paragraphs: People with MS have many problems. Their muscles are usually weak, they may shake uncontrollably, they have trouble moving, and they have trouble balancing. People with MS often feel a great amount of pain and tire easily. Their speech and sight sometimes become very poor. Thinking and solving problems is more difficult for people with MS than for healthy people.

paragraphs: Inside the body, MS causes damage that cannot be seen or measured without special medical equipment. The immune system attacks either the fatty parts of the myelin or the protein parts of the myelin. The body may also attack the cells that produce the myelin sheath, called glial cells. When myelin is damaged or missing, large areas of axons affected by the damage are visible as scars or lesions in the central nervous system tissue that build up with repeated repair attempts by the body over time. Lesions appear in different areas of the central nervous system depending on what form of MS a person has.

paragraphs: Inflammation is an important part of MS symptoms. Inflammation occurs whenever an injury or illness is detected by the body. It is the first part of an immune system response. In MS patients, inflammation against myelin causes swelling and other harmful effects in the nervous system. Inflammation can happen due to infection by Chlamydia Pneumoniae.

paragraphs: The people who get MS are usually between 20 and 40 years old, although it can happen to older or, very rarely, younger people too. MS is significantly more common in areas of the world that are far away from the equator. Areas far from the equator get less sunlight than areas near the equator, and the human body requires sunlight to make vitamin D for itself. This observation supports the idea that MS is caused partly by too little vitamin D. People who move from one part of the world to another when they are children are more likely to develop MS than people who do not move long distances until later in life or who never move long distances.

paragraphs: To diagnose MS, or to tell if a person has it, a doctor will determine what kind of symptoms are present and how often they occur. The most common guidelines used for this are called the McDonald criteria, which define the symptoms of MS and how often they must occur in order to make a diagnosis. A doctor can also order tests to be done by a laboratory, which can determine how active the immune system is in the patient. A special machine called an MRI can photograph the inside of the central nervous system to show if the person has lesions from damaged myelin. Certain types of neurons can be checked to see how responsive they are. Neurons with damaged myelin around their axons will respond more slowly than normal neurons.

paragraphs: Once a person is diagnosed with MS, a doctor can help ease the symptoms. Scientists have not yet found a way to cure MS, or take it away entirely. The form of MS that comes and goes regularly can be treated more easily than other forms. Some treatments are used only during attacks to make the attacks easier on the patient or to help recovery after the attacks are over. Other treatments are used all the time to help make attacks happen less often. These kinds of treatments are usually injections or infusions directly into veins, but newer treatments can be taken daily by mouth instead. Some people seek other treatments outside of usual medicine, but these have not been shown in scientific studies to be effective.