title: Paul Laxalt

paragraphs: Paul Dominique Laxalt (August 2, 1922 – August 6, 2018) was a conservative politician from the United States. He represented Nevada in the United States Senate. Laxalt also served as Nevada's governor. He ran for President in 1988 against George H. W. Bush for the Republican Party presidential primary. However, he did not win.

paragraphs: Laxalt was born in Reno, Nevada. His grandson is Adam Laxalt, who is the Republican nominee for Governor of Nevada. Laxalt died on August 6, 2018, at a health care facility in McLean, Virginia from complications of a fall, aged 96.


title: James L. Buckley

paragraphs: James Lane Buckley (born March 9, 1923) is an American judge and politician. He was a judge for the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. He was nominated by Ronald Reagan. Before, Buckley served as a United States Senator from the state of New York. His brother was journalist William F. Buckley, Jr..

paragraphs: Buckley was born in New York City. In December 2019, he became the oldest living former U.S. Senator following the death of Jocelyn Burdick.


title: Robert P. Griffin

paragraphs: Paul Dominique Laxalt (August 2, 1923 – April 17, 2015) was a conservative politician from the United States. He represented Michigan in the United States Senate and in the House of Representatives. Griffin was a Republican.


title: John Melcher

paragraphs: John Melcher (September 6, 1924 – April 12, 2018) was an American politician of the Democratic Party. He represented Montana in the United States House of Representatives, and as a United States Senator from 1977 until 1989.

paragraphs: Melcher was born in Sioux City, Iowa. He studied at University of Minnesota and at Iowa State University.

paragraphs: Melcher died on April 12, 2018 in Missoula, Montana at the age of 93.


title: John Philip Holland

paragraphs: John Philip Holland () (29 February 184012 August 1914) was an Irish-American engineer. He developed the first submarine to be formally commissioned by the U.S. Navy. He also created the first Royal Navy submarine, the "Holland 1".

paragraphs: He is often known as the father of the modern submarine for his designs.

paragraphs: Holland died on 12 August 1914 in Newark, New Jersey, aged 74.


title: Philip W. Anderson

paragraphs: Philip Warren Anderson (December 13, 1923 – March 29, 2020) was an American physicist. Anderson created and helped prove theories such as localization, antiferromagnetism, symmetry breaking, high-temperature superconductivity. He wrote many things about the emergent phenomena.

paragraphs: Anderson was born in Indianapolis, Indiana. He was raised in Urbana, Illinois. Anderson studied at Harvard University.

paragraphs: Anderson was an atheist and was one of 22 Nobel Laureates who signed the Humanist Manifesto.

paragraphs: He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1977 and the National Medal of Science in 1982.

paragraphs: Anderson died on March 29, 2020 in Princeton, New Jersey, aged 96.


title: José Alencar

paragraphs: José Alencar Gomes da Silva (; 17 October 1931 – 29 March 2011), also known as José Alencar, the Strong, was a Brazilian businessman and politician. He served as the Vice President of Brazil from 2003 to 2010.

paragraphs: Alencar died from kidney, stomach, and prostate cancer in São Paulo, São Paulo, aged 79.


title: State funeral

paragraphs: A state funeral is a public funeral ceremony which is made for people who died that were very important in their country. Usually with a state funeral, there also comes a day where everyone mourns the person who died.

paragraphs: Often, state funerals are given to royal or political people such as Presidents, Prime Ministers, Dictators, Governors, Mayors, Senators, or Vice Presidents. Military people and people who are famous for other reasons sometimes have a state funeral.


title: Sunanda Pushkar

paragraphs: Sunanda Pushkar (née Dass; 27 June 1962 – 17 January 2014) was an Indian and Canadian business person. She was the wife of Indian minister Shashi Tharoor. She was a sales manager in the Dubai-based TECOM Investments. She was also a co-owner of the India-based Rendezvous Sports World. Her born into a Kashmiri Pandit family.

paragraphs: Pushkar committed suicide by overdosing on sedatives, other strong medicines and probably alcohol on 17 January 2014 at a hotel in Chanakyapuri, New Delhi. She was 51 years old. She was outlived by her husband and children.


title: Dallas Buyers Club

paragraphs: Dallas Buyers Club is a 2013 American biographical drama movie. It was produced by Robbie Brenner and Rachel Winter. The movie was directed by Jean-Marc Vallée. Dallas Buyers Club was premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 7, 2013. It was released in North America on November 1, 2013.

paragraphs: The movie gained positive reviews from critics and holds a 93% rating on Rotten Tomatoes.

paragraphs: The movie was nominated for 6 awards at the 86th Academy Awards which included Best Picture, Best Original Screenplay, Best Actor for McConaughey, Best Supporting Actor for Leto, Best Film Editing, and Best Makeup. McConaughey won the award for Best Actor and Leto won the award for Best Supporting Actor. Robin Mathews also won for the Best Makeup category even though she only had a $250 budget. McConaughey and Leto also won the Best Actor and Best Supporting Actor Screen Actors Guild Awards and the Best Actor – Motion Picture – Drama and Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture at the 71st Golden Globe Awards.


title: Don Ward (ice hockey)

paragraphs: Donald Joseph "Don" Ward (October 19, 1935 – January 6, 2014) was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman. He played 34 games in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Chicago Black Hawks and Boston Bruins in the late 1950s. He was born in Sarnia, Ontario.

paragraphs: Ward died on January 6, 2014 in Shoreline, Washington in the United States. He was 78 years old. He was outlived by his wife and son.


title: Jack Stoddard

paragraphs: John Edward "Jack" Stoddard (September 26, 1926 – January 29, 2014) was a Canadian professional ice hockey right winger. He played 80 games in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the New York Rangers between 1946 and 1962. He was born in Stoney Creek, Ontario.

paragraphs: Stoddard died on January 29, 2014 in Owen Sound, Ontario. He was 87 years old. He was outlived by his wife and children.


title: Jerry Coleman

paragraphs: Gerald Francis "Jerry" Coleman (September 14, 1924 – January 5, 2014) was an American professional baseball second baseman. He played for the New York Yankees from 1949 to 1957. He managed the San Diego Padres for one year in 1980. He was born in San Jose, California.

paragraphs: Coleman died from a brain hemorrhage caused by complications from a fall on January 5, 2014 in San Diego, California. He was 89 years old. He was outlived by his second wife and three children.


title: Basin and Range

paragraphs: The Basin and Range Province is a vast geographic region in the west United States and northwest Mexico. Its topography has abrupt changes in height. It has narrow faulted mountain chains and flat arid valleys or basins. There are many ecoregions, but the lower part is mostly desert.

paragraphs: The physical geography (physiography) of the province was caused by extension and thinning of the lithosphere, which is composed of crust and upper mantle. What caused this thinning is still being investigated. The thinning began around 17 million years ago (mya) in early Miocene time.

paragraphs: The highest point fully within the Province is White Mountain Peak in California, while the lowest point is Badwater Basin in Death Valley. Other high points are at the boundary of the Basin and Range province.

paragraphs: The numerous ranges within the Province in the United States are collectively referred to as the Great Basin Ranges, although many are not actually in the Great Basin. The Basin and Range province should not be confused with the Great Basin, which is a sub-section of the greater Basin and Range region. The Great Basin is defined by its watershed (internal drainage).

paragraphs: Clarence Dutton compared the many narrow mountain ranges of the Basin and Range to an "army of caterpillars marching toward Mexico", which is a helpful way to visualize the overall appearance of the region.

paragraphs: Before the Eocene epoch (55.8 ±0.2 to 33.9 ±0.1 mya) the Farallon and North American plates were converging. During the Eocene the many volcanos in the Basin and Range Province flared up. The Farallon plate continued to be underthrust until about 19 mya. By then it was consumed and volcanic activity ceased.


title: Equation solving

paragraphs: Equation solving is field of mathematics that is about finding the functions or values that will make an equation true. An equation says that two expressions are equal. These expressions contain one or more unknowns, which are usually called free variables.

paragraphs: There are a number of changes (transformations) that can be done to make it easier to find the solution. There are many kinds of equation, and some have no solution in the domain (field) where they are studied. Other kinds of equation cannot be solved exactly, and approximation needs to be used. Similarly, a system of equations may have no solutions, or an infinite number of solutions.


title: Chuck Brown

paragraphs: Charles Louis Brown (aka Chuck Brown; August 22, 1936 – May 16, 2012) was an American musician and guitarist. He performed R&B and funk music. He was with the group Soul Searchers. That group had several notable songs. The song "Ashley's Roachclip" has a drum break which was sampled in the songs of others, including Milli Vanilli, PM Dawn and Duran Duran.

paragraphs: Brown was born in Gaston, North Carolina. He died of serious heart issues and multiple organ failure at 75.


title: Aura Dione

paragraphs: Maria Louise Joensen (also known as Aura Dione; born January 21, 1985) is a Danish musician and recording artist. She has several hit songs, like "I will Love You Monday (365)" and "Friends".

paragraphs: Dione was born in Copenhagen, Denmark. She has French and Spanish ancestry. She now lives in Los Angeles.


title: Pseudo-Nero

paragraphs: The Roman emperor Nero committed suicide near the villa of his freedman Phaon in June of 68 AD. Between the autumn of 69 AD and the reign of the emperor Domitian, some people appeared and claimed they were Nero. These impostors were known as Pseudo-Nero. Most scholars believe there were either two or three Nero impostors. St. Augustine wrote of the popularity of the belief that Nero would return in his day, which is known as the Nero Redivivus legend. Suetonius writes that imperial edicts were forged in the name of dead Nero. These edicts encouraged his followers and promised that he would soon return to avenge himself on his enemies.

paragraphs: One of the things that led to the belief that Nero survived was the fact that he died in a location that was not well known. Suetonius wrote that Galba's freedman Icelus saw the dead emperor's body and reported back to his master. Nero was also denied the lavish burial that was accorded to popular emperors and members of the imperial family. This may have left those plebeians who loved him dissatisfied and suspicious. Furthermore, he was not buried in the Mausoleum of Augustus with the other Julio-Claudian emperors, but in a tomb on the Pincian Hill at the family burial place of the Domitii Ahenobarbi. Many Roman plebeians though Nero was very popular after his death, and so they laid flowers at his tomb.

paragraphs: After Nero's death, there were prophecies that predicted he would regain his kingdom in the East. These prophecies possibly inspired people to impersonate him. One version placed his reappearance at Jerusalem. The prophecies have been tied to Nero's natal chart, which has been interpreted as pointing to a loss of his patrimony and its recovery in the East. Tacitus may have been referring to such prophecies in veiled language when he wrote of the rumors that circulated about Nero after his death, which had contributed to the belief that he had survived. The return of Nero may have inspired the author of the Book of Revelation when he wrote about the eschatological opponent called the Beast, which is mortally wounded and then miraculously heals. The number of the Beast, 666 or 616, depending on the manuscript, has been identified by some as the numerical value of the letters in Nero's name. Nero also appears more explicitly in this role in the Ascension of Isaiah and some of the books of the Sibylline Oracles. Because of these prophecies and others, Nero was long thought to be the Antichrist.

paragraphs: Due to the short-lived success of the Nero impostors and Nero's incorporation into eschatological literature, the belief in Nero's imminent return lasted for centuries. Lion Feuchtwanger wrote a historical novel based on the second known Pseudo-Nero, Terentius Maximus, entitled "Der falsche Nero". This novel was published in 1936.

paragraphs: The first Pseudo-Nero appeared in the autumn of 68 AD or the early winter of 69 AD in the Roman province of Achaia, today modern Greece. Nero had visited Greece (66–67 AD) to participate in its Panhellenic Games, and this may account for some of the support the impostor received. Tacitus attributed the whole phenomenon to the gullibility and restive nature of the Greeks, whom he seems to have disliked. The impostor, according to Tacitus, was either a slave from Pontus, or a freedman from Italy. The historian does not reveal much about the early career of the impostor, except to say that the Pseudo-Nero gathered around him a group of army deserters and then set out to sea.

paragraphs: The impostor's group was blown by storm to the island of Kythnos, one of the lesser islands of the Cyclades, which had only one community worthy of the appellation "polis" in antiquity—the city of Cythnus. Here he supposedly engaged in piracy by waylaying merchants, stealing their cargo, and arming their slaves. Cythnus was long known as a popular base for pirates. The false Nero also made appeals to bring Roman soldiers en route to Italy over to his growing armed force. Nero's successor Galba probably assigned Calpurnius Asprenas with the task of hunting down the impostor on his way to take up the governorship of the province of Galatia and Pamphylia. With information provided by naval captains that the Pseudo-Nero had attempted to seduce to his side, Asprenas ordered his soldiers to storm the ship and kill the impostor. Asprenas then sent the head of the impostor on a tour of Asia and then on to Rome.

paragraphs: The second pseudo-Nero appeared during the reign of Titus. He was an Asiatic named Terentius Maximus and also sang to the accompaniment of the lyre and looked like Nero. He gained a great number of followers across the Euphrates to Parthia. He later fled to Parthia and tried to gain their support by claiming that they owed him some requital for the return of Armenia. Artabanus III, the Parthian King, out of anger towards Titus, both received him and made preparations to restore him to Rome. He was executed when his true identity was revealed.

paragraphs: The third pseudo-Nero appeared twenty years after Nero's death, during the reign of Domitian. Supported by the Parthians, they hardly could be persuaded to give him up and the matter almost came to war.


title: Drive (song)

paragraphs: "Drive" is a 1984 song performed by The Cars. It was from their "Heartbeat City" album. The song came out in March 1984. It is a sad song.

paragraphs: This song was the highest charting single by The Cars. It hit #3 on the "Billboard" Hot 100. It hit #1 on the Adult Contemporary chart. It hit #5 in the United Kingdom.


title: Paula Gruden

paragraphs: Pavla "Paula" Gruden (14 February 1921 – 26 January 2014) was a Slovenian and Australian poet, translator and editor. Her best known works were "Svobodni Razgovori" (1982), "Snubljenje duha" (1994) and "Ljubezen pod džakarando" (2002). Her writings were in both English and her native Slovenian. She was a member of the Slovene Writers' Association.

paragraphs: Gruden was born in Ljubljana, Kingdom of Yugoslavia (now Slovenia) during World War II. She was sent to Nazi Germany for forced labour. In 1948, she immigrated to Australia.

paragraphs: Gruden died from natural causes on 26 January 2014 in Sydney, New South Wales. She was 92 years old. She was outlived by her son, Danny.


title: American cordillera

paragraphs: The American cordillera is a chain of mountain ranges. It is a sequence of mountain ranges that form the western "backbone" of North America, Central America, South America and Antarctica. It is also the backbone of the volcanic arc that forms the eastern half of the Pacific Ring of Fire.

paragraphs: From north to south, this sequence of overlapping and parallel ranges begins with the Alaska Range and the Brooks Range in Alaska and runs through the Yukon into British Columbia. The main belt of the Rocky Mountains along with the parallel Coast Ranges of mountains and islands continue through British Columbia and Vancouver Island. In the United States, the cordillera branches to include the Rocky Mountains, the Sierra Nevada, and the Cascades and Coast ranges of Washington, Oregon, and California. In Mexico, the cordillera continues through the Sierra Madre Occidental and Sierra Madre Oriental, as well as the backbone mountains of the Baja California peninsula.

paragraphs: The ranges of the Cordillera from Mexico northwards are called the North American cordillera or Western cordillera in the United States and Canada, and the Canadian cordillera or Pacific cordillera in Canada.

paragraphs: The cordillera continues on through the mountain ranges of Central America in Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama, and becomes the Andes Mountains of South America. The Andes with their parallel chains and the island chains off the coast of Chile continue through Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, and Chile to the very tip of South America at Tierra del Fuego. In addition, the range can possibly be followed through the South Georgia Ridge across the Southern Ocean to the mountains of Graham Land on the Antarctic Peninsula.


title: Nakba

paragraphs: The Nakba was a mass exodus that occurred in 1948 when over 700,000 Palestinians fled from Mandatory Palestine. "Nakba" is an Arabic word meaning "catastrophe". The Nakba happened because of the Arab-Israeli war. Its still has effects today because the descendants of the people involved are still refugees in neighbouring countries. There are about 5 million Palestinians in countries such as Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria. The Palestinian government has been negotiating with Israel about their right to return to their former homes.


title: Lorna Casselton

paragraphs: Lorna Ann Casselton (18 July 1938 – 14 February 2014) was a British academic and biologist. She was Professor Emeritus of Fungal Genetics in the Department of Plant Science at the University of Oxford. She was also the Foreign Secretary for The Royal Society from 2006 until 2011.

paragraphs: Casselton was born in Rochford, Essex. She was married to Peter Casselton until their divorce. In 1981, she married William Joseph Dennis "Bill" Tollett.

paragraphs: Casselton died on 14 February 2014 at the age of 75.


title: Palace of Caserta

paragraphs: The Palace of Caserta is a palace in Italy. It is just outside Naples. It was built by King Carlo VII of Naples. It was one of the largest buildings built in Italy in the 8th century. It was mainly used as a summer residence of the royal family of the Two Sicilies. In Italian it is known as the Reggia di Caserta. The palace has some 1,200 rooms, including two dozen state apartments, a large theatre modelled after the Teatro San Carlo of Naples. It is often compared to the Palace of Versailles and therefore called the "Italian Versailles".

paragraphs: In 1997, the palace was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The nomination described it as "the swan song of the spectacular art of the Baroque, from which it adopted all the features needed to create the illusions of multidirectional space". The king wanted a magnificent new royal court and administrative center for the Kingdom in a place protected from sea attack.

paragraphs: The palace was used during the filming of "" and ""


title: Warren Lamb

paragraphs: Warren Lamb (28 April 1923 – 21 January 2014) was an English management consultant, teacher and lecturer. He was a pioneer in the field of nonverbal behavior, doing significant work in Laban Movement Analysis. He also created Movement Pattern Analysis. He was born in Wallasey, Lancashire (now Metropolitan Borough of Wirral, Merseyside).

paragraphs: Lamb died on 21 January 2014 in Claremont, California in the United States. He was 90 years old. He was outlived by his second wife and four children.


title: Rodeo of Chile

paragraphs: The Chilean Rodeo is a national sport of Chile. The objective of the sport is to show control in driving a steer to a given part of an arena.


title: Blazar

paragraphs: A blazar is a very compact quasar (quasi-stellar radio source). They have a presumed supermassive black hole at the center of an active, giant elliptical galaxy. Blazars are among the most energetic phenomena in the universe and are an important topic in astronomy.

paragraphs: Blazars are one of a group of active galaxies that host active galactic nuclei (AGN). An AGN is a region at the centre of a galaxy which has a much higher than normal luminosity over some or all of the electromagnetic spectrum.

paragraphs: The name "blazar" was originally coined in 1978 by astronomer Edward Spiegel. Blazars are AGN with a relativistic jet which is pointing in the general direction of the Earth. We observe "down" the jet, or nearly so. Many blazars have apparent superluminal features within the first few parsecs of their jets, probably due to relativistic shock fronts.

paragraphs: The blazar at the centre of galaxy M87 is fuelled by a black hole with a mass of about three billion solar masses within ten light years of the galaxy centre.


title: Victoria Coren Mitchell

paragraphs: Victoria Coren Mitchell (born 18 August 1972) is a British journalist, television presenter and poker player.

paragraphs: She was born in Hammersmith, London and raised in Cricklewood, London. She gained a first-class degree in English from St John's College, Oxford. She is the daughter of Alan Coren and sister of Giles Coren.

paragraphs: She presented "Balderdash and Piffle". She presents "Only Connect".

paragraphs: She married David Mitchell on 17 November 2012. The couple's daughter was born in May 2015.


title: GG Allin

paragraphs: Kevin Michael "GG" Allin (born Jesus Christ Allin; August 29, 1956 – June 28, 1993) was an American punk rock singer. He made music with many bands. He was known for his stage antics that often featured transgressive acts. This included coprophagia, self-mutilation, and attacking audience members. He was called "the most spectacular degenerate in rock & roll history" by G4TV's "That's Tough".

paragraphs: Allin was born at Weeks Memorial Hospital. On March 2, 1962 Allin's name was changed to Kevin Michael Allin by his mother.

paragraphs: Allin's first solo album "Always Was, Is and Always Shall Be" was released in 1980.

paragraphs: Allin had convictions, including assault. He was diagnosed with a mixed personality disorder with borderline, narcissistic and masochistic features.

paragraphs: Allin died on June 28, 1993 from a heroin overdose. He was 36 years old.


title: Unit vector

paragraphs: A unit vector is any vector that is one unit in length. Unit vectors are often notated the same way as normal vectors, but with a mark over the letter (e.g. formula_1 being the unit vector of formula_2.)

paragraphs: To make a vector into a unit vector, one just needs to divide it by its length: formula_3. The resulting unit vector will be in the same direction as the original vector.

paragraphs: Three common unit vectors used in component form are formula_4, formula_5 and formula_6, referring to the three-dimensional unit vectors for the x-, y- and z-axes, respectively. They are commonly just notated as i, j and k.

paragraphs: For the unit vector corresponding to the formula_8-th basis vector of a vector space, the symbol formula_9 (or formula_10) may be used.


title: BASE jumping

paragraphs: BASE jumping is a fringe sport in which a person jumps from a fixed place and uses a parachute to slow down before the ground is reached. "BASE" is an acronym that stands for each of the four jump location categories: from buildings, antennas, spans (bridges) and the earth. This last is similar to "jumping off a cliff". BASE jumping is an extreme sport. This means it involves speed, height, danger or spectacular stunts.

paragraphs: The idea for BASE jumping came from skydiving. BASE jumping is much more dangerous than skydiving from aircraft.

paragraphs: BASE jumps are usually made from much lower altitudes than skydives. Also, the jumper leaps closer to the platform or standing space. BASE jumpers fall through the air at slower speeds than skydivers, because they begin the jump closer to the ground. As a skydiver falls, he accelerates while falling and gains speed with each second. So a BASE jumper does not always reach terminal velocity. Because faster speed while falling through the air gives jumpers more control of their bodies, and a quicker parachute opening, the longer the delay in the air, the safer.

paragraphs: Another danger is that most BASE jumpers have very small areas in which to land. A beginner skydiver, after the parachute opens, may have about three minutes or more of a parachute ride to reach the ground. A BASE jump from 500 feet will only have a parachute ride of 10 to 15 seconds.

paragraphs: BASE jumping has a death rate averaging about one fatality for every sixty jumpers. It is one of the most dangerous sporting activities in the world. It has a fatality and injury rate 43 times higher than parachuting from a plane.

paragraphs: As of the end of July 2015, at least 264 people have died during a BASE jump.

paragraphs: Dean Potter and Graham Hunt were killed in a BASE jump attempt at Yosemite National Park in California on May 16, 2015. Potter was a well known rock climber. They jumped at dusk from about 3000 feet up. They both quickly smashed into the rocks of the cliff on the way down. Neither jumper used a parachute that might have saved them.

paragraphs: American BASE jumper Ian Flanders died in Kemaliye, Turkey on July 21, 2015. His parachute got tangled in his feet after he jumped and did not open. He fell 900 feet into the Karasu river at a high speed. The jump was being shown live on a local television station.

paragraphs: Russian BASE jumper Valery Rozov died on November 11, 2017, while jumping from the Ama Dablam Mountain in Nepal.

paragraphs: After the death in Turkey, a fellow jumper said to People Magazine, "There's just this very thin margin of how things can go from 'totally fine' to 'it's over'. And it's really hard to do this sport a lot and have that margin not catch up with you."

paragraphs: In September 2013, three men jumped off the incompletely built "One World Trade Center" in New York City. They filmed their jump using cameras on their heads and later showed the video on YouTube. In March 2014, the three jumpers and one helper on the ground were arrested after turning themselves in.


title: John Anderson, Jr.

paragraphs: John Anderson Jr. (May 8, 1917 – September 15, 2014) was an American politician. He was the 36th Governor of Kansas. He served from 1961 until 1965.

paragraphs: Anderson was born near Olathe, Kansas. Anderson died in Olathe, Kansas at the age of 97.


title: Edgar Whitcomb

paragraphs: Edgar Doud Whitcomb (November 6, 1917 – February 4, 2016) was an American politician. He was the 43rd Governor of Indiana. He served from 1969 to 1973.

paragraphs: Whitcomb was born in Hayden, Indiana. Whitcomb died February 4, 2016 at his home in Rome, Indiana from heart failure at the age of 98.


title: Patrick Lucey

paragraphs: Patrick Joseph Lucey (March 21, 1918 – May 10, 2014) was an American politician. He served as the 38th Governor of the US state of Wisconsin from 1971 to 1977. In 1977, he was appointed ambassador to Mexico by President Jimmy Carter. He was an independent vice-presidential candidate in 1980 with John Anderson.

paragraphs: Lucey was born in La Crosse, Wisconsin. He died in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, aged 96.


title: Marvin Mandel

paragraphs: Marvin Mandel (April 19, 1920 – August 30, 2015) was an American politician. He was the 56th Governor of Maryland. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He was governor from 1969 to 1979.


title: David P. Buckson

paragraphs: David Penrose Buckson (July 25, 1920 – January 18, 2017) was an American lawyer and politician. He served as Governor of Delaware. He served as governor from 1960 to 1961. He was a member of the Republican Party.

paragraphs: Buckson was born in Townsend, Delaware. He died at a retirement home in Milford, Delaware on January 18, 2017, aged 96.


title: John Malcolm Patterson

paragraphs: John Malcolm Patterson (born September 27, 1921) is a retired American politician. He was the 44th Governor of the U.S. state of Alabama. He served as governor from 1959 to 1963. Patterson was a member of the Democratic Party.

paragraphs: Patterson ran with the support of the Ku Klux Klan when he won the Governorship of Alabama in 1958.

paragraphs: Patterson was born in Goldville, Alabama.


title: William Milliken

paragraphs: William Grawn Milliken (March 26, 1922 – October 18, 2019) was an American politician. He served as the 44th Governor of Michigan from January 22, 1969 to January 1, 1983. He was a member of the Republican Party.

paragraphs: Milliken was born in Traverse City, Michigan. He died on October 18, 2019 in Traverse City at the age of 97.


title: Rose Mofford

paragraphs: Rose Perica Mofford (June 10, 1922 – September 15, 2016) was an American civil servant and politician. Mofford was the first female Secretary of State of Arizona serving from 1977 to 1988. She then became the first female Governor of Arizona serving from 1988 to 1991. Mofford was a member of the Democratic Party.

paragraphs: Mofford was born in Globe, Arizona. She died on September 15, 2016, from complications from a fall while under hospice care in Phoenix, aged 94.


title: Sarah Marshall (actress)

paragraphs: Sarah Lynne Marshall (25 May 1933 – 18 January 2014) was an English actress. Her television credits include: "The Twilight Zone", "F Troop", "Get Smart", and "" and "Daniel Boone". She was born in London, the daughter of actors Herbert Marshall and Edna Best.

paragraphs: Marshall died from cancer of unknown primary origin on 18 January 2014 in Los Angeles, California in the United States. She was 80 years old. She was outlived by her husband and son.


title: True (song)

paragraphs: "True" is a 1983 pop ballad from British group Spandau Ballet. The song was released in April 1983. It was a worldwide hit. It hit #1 on some charts. It hit #4 on the "Billboard" Hot 100. It was #1 on the Adult Contemporary chart for one week.

paragraphs: There are several versions of this song. One lasts six and a half minutes.


title: Yevgeny Primakov

paragraphs: Yevgeny Maksimovich Primakov (, tr. "Yevgeniy Maksimovich Primakov"; 29 October 1929 – 26 June 2015) was a Russian politician and diplomat. He was the Prime Minister of Russia from 1998 to 1999.

paragraphs: Primakov was born to a partly Jewish family (his mother was Jewish) in Kiev, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union now Ukraine.


title: Georgy Lvov

paragraphs: Prince Georgy Yevgenyevich Lvov () (2 November 18617 March 1925) was a Russian diplomat and politician. He was the first post-imperial Prime Minister of Russia. He served as Prime Minister from 15 March to 21 July 1917.

paragraphs: Lvov was born in Dresden, Kingdom of Saxony, German Confederation.

paragraphs: Lvov resigned in July 1917 in favor of his Minister of Justice, Alexander Kerensky. Lvov was arrested when the Bolsheviks seized power later that year. He escaped and settled in Paris, where he spent the rest of his life.


title: Viktor Chernomyrdin

paragraphs: Viktor Stepanovich Chernomyrdin (, 9 April 19383 November 2010) was a Russian politician. He was the first chairman of the Gazprom energy company. Chernomyrdin was the longest-serving Prime Minister of Russia serving from 1992 to 1998.


title: Viktor Zubkov

paragraphs: Viktor Alekseyevich Zubkov (; born 15 September 1941) is a Russian politician and businessman. He served as the Prime Minister of Russia twice: from September 2007 to May 2008.

paragraphs: He was Vladimir Putin's First Deputy Prime Minister during the Presidency of Dmitri Medvedev.


title: Yegor Gaidar

paragraphs: Yegor Timurovich Gaidar (; 19 March 1956 – 16 December 2009) was a Soviet and Russian economist, politician, and author. He was the Acting Prime Minister of Russia from 15 June 1992 to 14 December 1992.


title: Nikolai Bulganin

paragraphs: Nikolai Alexandrovich Bulganin (; 30 March 1895 – 24 February 1975) was a famous Soviet politician. He served as Minister of Defence (1953–55) and Premier of the Soviet Union (1955–58).


title: Dario Franchitti

paragraphs: Dario Franchitti (born 19 May 1973) is a Scottish racing driver. He is best known for winning the IndyCar Series championship four times (in 2007, 2009, 2010 and 2011). He won the Indianapolis 500 three times. He most recently drove for Chip Ganassi Racing. He won three of his four championships while driving for that team. Franchitti has also driven in NASCAR and sportscar races. In 2013, he retired from racing after he was hurt in a crash during a race.

paragraphs: Franchitti was born on 19 May 1973 in Bathgate, Scotland. He began racing as a young boy. In 1996, he ran in the DTM series for Mercedes-Benz. He moved to CART racing in 1997. He drove for Hogan Racing in 1997. Franchitti finished a strong second place in 1999. In 2000, he thought about moving to the Jaguar Formula One team, but stayed in IndyCar racing. At this time he was driving for Andretti Autosport.

paragraphs: In 2003, Franchitti moved to the Indy Racing League (now IndyCar). He had to miss much of the year after he was injured in a motorcycle accident. Dan Wheldon replaced Franchitti at a race in Japan.

paragraphs: 2007 was Franchitti's most successful season so far. He won the Indianapolis 500 and the series title.

paragraphs: Franchitti spent 2008 in NASCAR with Chip Ganassi Racing. He had some strong results, but he had a difficult season and decided to return to IndyCar. (IndyCar had merged with ChampCar in 2008.) He drove for Ganassi's IndyCar team, where he replaced Wheldon.

paragraphs: The 2009 season was very successful for Franchitti. He won the title over his teammate Scott Dixon and Penske driver Ryan Briscoe after winning the final race in Miami.

paragraphs: In 2010, Franchitti had a long battle with Australian driver Will Power. Franchitti won his second straight title.

paragraphs: Franchitti won again in 2011 after another battle with Power. His longtime friend Dan Wheldon was killed in a massive crash at the last race of the season in Las Vegas.

paragraphs: Franchitti did not have as much success in 2012 or 2013. He did win the Indianapolis 500 in 2012. During the 2013 Houston Grand Prix, a crash happened when he was racing in a difficult part of the course. Franchitti and several fans were seriously injured. Franchitti retired from racing after this crash. He is still involved with racing. He will drive the pace car for the 2014 Indianapolis 500. His place at the Ganassi team was taken by Tony Kanaan.

paragraphs: Franchitti married American actress Ashley Judd in December 2001. The couple broke up in 2013.


title: Baby Don't Forget My Number

paragraphs: "Baby Don't Forget My Number" is a popular dance hit song by the music group Milli Vanilli. It was released in December 1988. It was the first of Milli Vanilli's three #1 hits on the "Billboard" Hot 100 between 1988-1990.

paragraphs: The longest cut is eight minutes and 20 seconds.


title: Jens Stoltenberg

paragraphs: Jens Stoltenberg (; born 16 March 1959) is a Norwegian politician. He was the Prime Minister of Norway from 2000 to 2001 and again from 2005 to 2013. He is a member of the Labour Party. On 28 March 2014, he was appointed by NATO's North Atlantic Council as Secretary General of NATO and chairman of the North Atlantic Council, in succession to Anders Fogh Rasmussen. He has held the position since 1 October 2014.

paragraphs: Stoltenberg has been a member of the Global Commission for the Economy and Climate.

paragraphs: Stoltenberg was born in Oslo, and is a member of the Stoltenberg political family. He is married to Ingrid Schulerud and they have two children together. He is an agnostic.

paragraphs: During the 2011 Norway attacks, the building where the prime minister's office then was - was bombed; Stoltenberg was then at the prime minister's residence (or the building which becomes the prime mininster's home, until he no longer is a prime minister).

paragraphs: Stoltenberg's father, Thorvald (1931–2018), was the Foreign Minister in the Brundtland government twice.


title: Erna Solberg

paragraphs: Erna Solberg (; born 24 February 1961) is a Norwegian politician. She has been leader of the Conservative Party since 2004 and Prime Minister of Norway since October 2013.

paragraphs: Solberg was born in Bergen. She has two children with her husband, Sindre Finnes.


title: Cuthbert A. Pattillo

paragraphs: Cuthbert Augustus "Bill" Pattillo (June 3, 1924 – February 20, 2014) was a Major General in the United States Air Force. He served in World War II and the Vietnam War. He worked as Director of Plans and Policy for the United States Readiness Command at MacDill Air Force Base. He was as a pioneer in jet aerobatic demonstration teams. He was born in Atlanta, Georgia. His twin brother was Charles C. Pattillo.

paragraphs: Pattillo died from natural causes on February 20, 2014 at his home in Harrisonburg, Virginia. He was 89 years old.


title: Francine Lalonde

paragraphs: Francine Lalonde (August 24, 1940 – January 17, 2014) was a Canadian politician. She was a Bloc Québécois member of the House of Commons of Canada, representing the districts of La Pointe-de-l'Île from 2004 election to 2011, and Mercier from the 1993 election to 2004. She was also a lecturer, teacher and unionist and campaigner for assisted suicide. She was born in Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec.

paragraphs: Lalonde died from cancer on January 17, 2014 in Quebec. She was 73 years old.


title: Mohamed Guessous

paragraphs: Mohamed Guessous (1938 – 7 February 2014) was a Moroccan academic, activist, educator and sociologist. He was also a politician in the Socialist Union of Popular Forces. He studied in Canada and at Princeton University in New Jersey, United States. He was born in Fes.

paragraphs: Guessous died after a long illness on 7 February 2014 in Rabat, aged 76. He was called "Father of Sociology in Morocco".


title: Prokash Karmakar

paragraphs: Prokash Karmakar (; 1933 – 24 February 2014) was a preeminent Indian artist and painter. His work is in the permanent collection of a number of museums and galleries all over India, including the National Gallery of Modern Art in New Delhi. He was born in Kolkata, West Bengal.

paragraphs: Karmakar died from an illness on 24 February 2014. He was 81 years old.


title: Jeffery Dench

paragraphs: Jeffery Dench (29 April 1928 – 27 March 2014) was an English actor. He is best known for his work with the Royal Shakespeare Company. He was the older brother of actress Judi Dench. Dench was known for his role in "First Knight".


title: Baruch Samuel Blumberg

paragraphs: Baruch Samuel "Barry" Blumberg (July 28, 1925 – April 5, 2011) was an American doctor of Jewish descent.

paragraphs: He is best known for the research he did on the Hepatitis B virus. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1976 for "discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases". He shared the prize with Daniel Carleton Gajdusek.

paragraphs: He died on April 5, 2011 a short while after he gave the keynote speech at the International Lunar Research Park Exploratory Workshop held at NASA Ames Research Center.


title: Karl Spillman Forester

paragraphs: Karl Spillman Forester (May 2, 1940 – March 29, 2014) was an American judge. He was the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Kentucky. He served from July 27, 1988 until his death in March 29, 2014. He was nominated by President of the United States Ronald Reagan.

paragraphs: Forester died in Lexington, Kentucky, aged 73.


title: Jerry Roberts

paragraphs: Captain Jerry Roberts MBE (Raymond C. Roberts) (18 November 1920 – 25 March 2014) was a British businessman and wartime codebreaker. During World War II, Roberts was worked as a codebreaker at Bletchley Park from 1941 to 1945. He was a leading codebreaker and linguist, who worked on Tunny — Hitler's most top-level code. He was born in Wembley, Middlesex.


title: Paddy Cronin

paragraphs: Paddy Cronin (c. 1925 – 15 March 2014) was an Irish fiddler. He was born in Ré Buí near Gneeveguilla, County Kerry.

paragraphs: In the early 1970s, he went on to record an LP, "Music In The Glen", for the Fleetwood label, followed by "The House In The Glen" for Talcon.

paragraphs: In 1975, Paddy released "The Rakish Paddy" LP with Fiddler Records of Seattle, and in 1977 released "Kerry's Own Paddy Cronin" with Outlet records of Belfast.

paragraphs: He died on 15 March 2014 in Dublin, Ireland, aged 88.


title: Dickinson W. Richards

paragraphs: Dickinson Woodruff Richards, Jr. (October 30, 1895 – February 23, 1973) was an American physician and physiologist.

paragraphs: He is best known for the research he did on the development of cardiac catheterization as well as the characterization of a number of cardiac diseases.

paragraphs: He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1956 "for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system". He shared the prize with André Cournand and Werner Forssmann.

paragraphs: He died in Lakeville, Connecticut on February 23, 1973.


title: Amoebozoa

paragraphs: The Amoebozoa are a eukaryote phylum of "Amoeba"-like protozoa. Most move by internal cytoplasmic flow. Their finger-like pseudopodia are characteristic.

paragraphs: They are a major group with about 2,400 described species of amoeboid protists. In most classification schemes, Amoebozoa is ranked as a phylum in either the kingdom Protista or the kingdom Protozoa. In the classification of the International Society of Protistologists, it is kept as an unranked "supergroup" in the Eukaryota.

paragraphs: Sequence analysis shows Amoebozoa is a monophyletic clade. Most phylogenetic trees identify it as the sister group to Opisthokonta. That is another major clade which contains both Fungi and Animals as well as some 300 species of unicellular protists. Amoebozoa and Opisthokonta are sometimes grouped together in a high-level taxon, variously named Unikonta, Amorphea, or Opimoda.

paragraphs: Amoebozoa includes many of the best-known amoeboid organisms, such as "Chaos", "Entamoeba", "Pelomyxa" and the genus "Amoeba" itself.

paragraphs: Most are unicellular, and are common in soils and aquatic habitats. Some are symbionts of other organisms, including several pathogens. The Amoebozoa also include the mycetozoan slime moulds, multinucleate or multicellular forms which produce spores and are usually visible to the unaided eye.

paragraphs: The nutrition is usually by phagocytosis. The cell surrounds food particles, sealing them into vacuoles where they are digested and absorbed. When food is scarce, most species form cysts, which may be carried by air to other places. In slime moulds, these structures are called spores, and form on stalked structures called fruiting bodies or sporangia.

paragraphs: Most Amoebozoa lack flagella and more generally do not form microtubule-supported structures except during mitosis. However, flagella occur among some archamoebae, and many slime moulds produce biflagellate gametes.

paragraphs: A characteristic form is the model organism "Dictyostelium discoideum".


title: Phuntsok Wangyal

paragraphs: Phuntsok Wangyal Goranangpa or Bapa Phuntsok Wangyal (; January 1922 – 30 March 2014), better known as Phuntsog Wangyal and sometimes Phünwang, was a Tibetan politician. He was a communist and is best known for having founded the Tibetan Communist Party. For his activities, he was arrested by Chinese authorities and was jailed for eighteen years at the Qincheng Prison. He was born in Batang, in the province of Kham, eastern Tibet.

paragraphs: Wangyal died from lung failure on 30 March 2014 at a hospital in Beijing, China. He was 91 years old.


title: Cheste

paragraphs: Cheste (Valencian: "Xest") is a city in Spain. It is in the Valencian Community. It is west of Valencia and about east of Madrid. It covers . In 2008, 8,127 people lived there according to the National Institute of Statistics census.

paragraphs: Cheste's main industry is agriculture, specifically the vineyards. Cheste is also known for the MotoGP's Circuit Ricardo Tormo, built in 1999.


title: Feodor Felix Konrad Lynen

paragraphs: Feodor Felix Konrad Lynen ForMemRS (6 April 1911 – 6 August 1979) was a German biochemist.

paragraphs: He is best known for his discoveries with the mechanism and regulation of cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1956 "for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism". He shared the prize with Konrad Bloch.

paragraphs: He died in Munich, Germany on 6 August 1979 six weeks after he had an operation for an aneurysm. He was married to Eva Wieland, and they had five children.


title: The Artist (movie)

paragraphs: The Artist is a 2011 French romantic comedy-drama movie. It was produced by Thomas Langmann and was directed by Michel Hazanavicius. The Artist was first shown at the Cannes Film Festival on 15 May 2011 and was released on 12 October 2011 France.

paragraphs: The movie gained positive reviews from critics and hold a 98% rating on Rotten Tomatoes.

paragraphs: The movie was nominated for 6 Golden Globes and won 3: Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy, Best Original Score, and Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy (Dujardin). The movie was also nominated for 10 Academy Awards and won 5: Best Picture (first French film to ever win Best Picture), Best Director for Hazanavicius, Best Actor for Dujardin (first French actor ever to win for Best Actor), Best Original Score, and Best Costume Design.


title: House of Lorraine

paragraphs: The House of Lorraine, was a family that originated from the Duchy of Lorraine in modern day France. The family later ruled the small duchy of Lorraine itself and later ruled the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, The Empress Maria Theresa was married to a Duke of Lorraine thus uniting the house of Lorraine with the far more powerful House of Habsburg.

paragraphs: The House of Lorraine, the main and now only remaining line known as Habsburg-Lorraine, is one of the most important and was one of the longest-reigning royal houses in the history of Europe.[1] Currently the house is headed by Karl Habsburg-Lothringen, the titular Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary, Bohemia, Galicia and Lodomeria, Croatia, Illyria, as well as the titular King of Jerusalem.


title: Duchy of Lorraine

paragraphs: The Duchy of Lorraine was a former monarchy independent from France but situated in mainland France. It was also a State of the Holy Roman Empire.

paragraphs: The duchy was later given to a dethroned King of Poland and was dissolved in 1766. Historically the members of the family frequently married into other French nobility such as Princesses of the French royal family. The capital of the duchy was Nancy. However, Leopold I of Lorraine later moved the capital to the town of Lunéville. which was a renowned resort in the 18th century, known as the capital of Lorraine. The grand Château de Lunéville, built in 1702 for Leopold, Duke of Lorraine to replace an older palace, was the residence of the duke of Lorraine until the duchy was annexed by France in 1766. The chateau was designed in the style of Versailles to satisfy Leopold's wife, Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans, the niece of Louis XIV, and became known as the "Versailles of Lorraine". It includes a chapel designed by Germain Boffrand. Leopold and his wife were the parents of Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine and Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor (through him they were the grandparents of Marie Antoinette).

paragraphs: Apart from the ducal family the "Beauvau" family were very prominent in society holding much influence with the rulers of the duchy due to personal connections. The heads of the family were often titled the Prince of Craon


title: Ballistic: Ecks vs. Sever

paragraphs: Ballistic: Ecks vs. Sever is a 2002 American action movie. It was produced by Chris Lee and Elie Samaha. The movie was directed by Wych Kaosayananda. Ballistic: Ecks vs. Sever was released on September 20, 2002 in North America.

paragraphs: The movie gained strong negative reviews. It is considered one of the worst movies ever made and holds a 0% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Rotten Tomatoes also ranked the movie #1 among "The Worst of the Worst" movie list in March 2007. The movie was a box office bomb and only regained $19.9 million of its $70 million budget.


title: Kate O'Mara

paragraphs: Kate O'Mara (10 August 1939 – 30 March 2014) was an English movie, stage and television actress. She was known for her role as Caress Morell in "Dynasty". She also had a minor role in the British television series "Doctor Who".

paragraphs: O'Mara died in Sussex, England from ovarian cancer, aged 74.


title: Richard Nelson Frye

paragraphs: Richard Nelson Frye (January 10, 1920 – March 27, 2014) was an American professor. He was the Professor Emeritus of Iranian Studies at Harvard University. His professional areas of interest were Iranian philology and the history of Iran and Central Asia before 1000 CE.

paragraphs: Frye died in Boston, Massachusetts from natural causes, aged 94.


title: Wendy Hughes

paragraphs: Wendy Hughes (29 July 1952 – 8 March 2014) was an Australian actress. She worked mostly in television and theatre. Hughes' career began in the mid-1970s. She also appeared in movies. Some of which includes "Newsfront", "Kostas", "My Brilliant Career", "Lucinda Brayford", and "Touch and Go".

paragraphs: Hughes died in Sydney from cancer, aged 61.


title: Thompson Square

paragraphs: Thompson Square is a Nashville-based country music duo. The group began in 2002. They became famous in 2010. Hit songs include "Everything I Shouldn't be Thinking About" and "If I Didn't Have You".

paragraphs: The members of the group are Keifer and Shawna Thompson.


title: Paul C. Donnelly

paragraphs: Paul Charles Donnelly (March 28, 1923 - March 12, 2014) was an American guided missile pioneer and a senior NASA manager. He was the manager during the Apollo moon landing program at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC). Donnelly helped develop the U.S. Navy's Bat, the first "smart bomb" in the history of warfare. He was born in Altoona, Pennsylvania.

paragraphs: Donnelly died on March 12, 2014 in Melbourne, Florida, aged 90.


title: My Mad Fat Diary

paragraphs: My Mad Fat Diary is a British comedy-drama television series. It started on 14 January 2013 on E4. It is based on the book "My Fat, Mad Teenage Diary" by Rae Earl. The second series started on 17 February 2014 and ended on 31 March 2014.

paragraphs: The series is set in Stamford, Lincolnshire in 1996. It stars Sharon Rooney as an obese 16-year-old girl called Rae Earl. She has just left a psychiatric hospital after being there for four months.


title: André Lavagne

paragraphs: André Lavagne (12 July 1913 – 21 March 2014) was a French composer. He mostly worked on short movies, such as: "L'amour maternel chez les animaux " (1944) and "Un amour de parapluie" (1951). He was born in Paris.

paragraphs: Lavagne died from natural causes on 21 March 2014 in Paris. He was 100 years old.


title: Per Lillo-Stenberg

paragraphs: Per Lillo-Stenberg (21 June 1928 – 27 March 2014) was a Norwegian actor. His best known roles are in the movies "Olsenbanden gir seg aldri!" (1981) and "Olsenbandens siste stikk" (1999). He was born in Oslo. He and his wife Mette Lange-Nielsen had a son, Lars Lillo-Stenberg, a musician for deLillos.

paragraphs: Lillo-Stenberg died after a short illness on 27 March 2014 in Levanger. He was 85 years old.


title: Mark Mangino

paragraphs: Mark Mangino (born August 26, 1956) is an American football coach. In 2014, he became the offensive coordinator for the Iowa State Cyclones. Mangino is known mostly for his strict treatment of players. Mangino's most notable accomplishment is leading the Kansas Jayhawks to their best season (12-2) in school history in 2007.


title: Parazit

paragraphs: Parazit (, "", meaning "static") was a weekly half-hour Persian language satirical television show on Voice of America's Persian service. The show is a satire about Iranian politics. Kambiz Hosseini and Saman Arbabi started the show as a 10-minute show. It was influenced by the American satirical news show "The Daily Show". Parazit was started before the June 2009 presidential elections in Iran. It became very popular in Iran. Many people watched it via illegal satellite dishes and internet. Its name comes from the Iranian government's repeated tries to jam foreign satellite programming. Because it is shown through unofficial channels, it is impossible to say how many people have seen it. However since January 2011, the show's YouTube channel is watched 45,000 times a week and its Facebook page is visited 17 million times a month.


title: Gibbs free energy

paragraphs: Gibbs free energy is the available energy in a chemical reaction. It was calculated by Josiah Willard Gibbs.

paragraphs: Systems have a tendency to achieve as low of a free energy state as possible. The Gibbs free energy number is how far away the current system is from this state. It is analogous to a number line, with zero being the final state. Scientists use Gibbs free energy to determine the energy in a system that can be used. A negative Gibbs number indicates that you can get energy out of the reaction. It is a favorable reaction, which means that the chemical reaction "wants" to move towards its lower state. A positive Gibbs number shows that you must put energy in to get energy out.

paragraphs: An example can be seen in respiration. The Gibbs value of one mole of glucose -686kcal. This means that we can get 686 kcal of energy from one mole of glucose. This means if we put in energy in respiration, we can theoretically get 686 kcal out of the mole of glucose.

paragraphs: The equation for Gibbs free energy is "G(p,T)" = "U" + "pV" − "TS."

paragraphs: This is often simplified as "G(p,T)" = "H" − "TS."

paragraphs: (For the second equation, "U + pV" is replaced by "H" because "H = U + pV)."


title: Nathan Phelps

paragraphs: Nathan "Nate" Phelps (born November 22, 1958) is an American-Canadian author, LGBT rights activist, and public speaker on the topics of religion and child abuse. He is the son of Westboro Baptist Church founder Fred Phelps. He left the church at 18 and permanently left in 1980. This was because of his different and mostly opposite beliefs of his father.

paragraphs: Phelps was born in Topeka, Kansas. He lives in Calgary, Alberta.


title: Lys Assia

paragraphs: Lys Assia (born Rosa Mina Schärer; 3 March 1924, Rupperswil, Aargau, Switzerland – 24 March 2018 in Zurich, Switzerland) was a Swiss singer. She won the first Eurovision Song Contest in 1956. When Assia was a young girl she was a dancer. In 1940, however, she stood in for a female singer.

paragraphs: Assia died on 24 March 2018 at Zurich's Zollikerberg Hospital.


title: Molar concentration

paragraphs: Molar concentration, or molarity, or simply concentration, is a term in physical chemistry. It measures the concentration of a solution or mixture.

paragraphs: In chemistry, the molar concentration, formula_1 is defined as the amount of a constituent formula_2 (usually measured in moles – hence the name) divided by the volume of the mixture formula_3:

paragraphs: The volume formula_3 in the definition formula_6 refers to the volume of the solution, "not" the volume of the solvent. One litre of a solution usually contains either slightly more or slightly less than 1 litre of solvent because when a substance dissolves in a solvent it causes volume of liquid to increase or decrease.

paragraphs: The reciprocal quantity represents the dilution (volume) which can appear in Ostwald's law of dilution.


title: John S. Wold

paragraphs: John Schiller Wold (August 31, 1916 – February 19, 2017) was an American politician. He was a Republican. He served a term in the United States House of Representatives for Wyoming from 1969 to 1971. He was also a business person and geologist.

paragraphs: Wold was born in East Orange, New Jersey. He grew up in Watertown, Connecticut. During World War II, he was a consulting physicist and gunnery officer for the U.S. Navy. He turned 100 in 2016.


title: Basement (geology)

paragraphs: In geology, the terms basement and crystalline basement are used to define the rocks below a sedimentary platform or cover. "The surface beneath which no sedimentary rock is found".

paragraphs: More generally, it is any rock below sedimentary rocks or sedimentary basins that are metamorphic or igneous in origin. In the same way the sediments and/or sedimentary rocks on top of the basement can be called a "cover" or "sedimentary cover".


title: Yosef Hamadani Cohen

paragraphs: Yosef Hamadani Cohen (; born 1916 – 29 March 2014) was an Iranian Jewish religious leader. He was the chief rabbi of the Jewish people in Iran from January 1994 until his death. Before this, he was the rabbi of Yusef Abad Synagogue.

paragraphs: Cohen died after a long illness on 29 March 2014 in Tehran over Shabbat. He was 98 years old.


title: Saman Arbabi

paragraphs: Saman Arbabi is an Iranian-American journalist, caricaturist, television host, fashion designer, and television producer. He was the creator and executive producer of the satirical television show "Parazit". He was born in Tehran, Iran in 1973. He moved to France in 1984, and then he moved to the United States in 1986. He has a Bachelor of Science in Communications from the University of Maryland.


title: Platypterygius

paragraphs: Platypterygius ('flat flipper)' is an ichthyosaur of the family Ophthalmosauridae. It was the last surviving ichthyosaur.

paragraphs: Fossils are known from Australia, Russia, United States of America, Colombia, Western Europe and possibly New Zealand. There are seven named species. Both adults and juveniles have been unearthed, including newborns and pregnant females. Like other ichthyosaurs, "Platypterygius" gave live birth.

paragraphs: "Platypterygius" reached a length of about 7 m (23 ft). It had a long snout and a powerful finned tail. There are more digits in the front flippers than is usual in ichthyosaurs; they are tightly bound in rows, giving a broad, flat appearance. This unusual characteristic gives the genus its name, meaning 'flat wing.' Furthermore, some of the wrist bones have disappeared entirely. CAT scans on a juvenile specimen strongly suggest that "Platypterygius" was deaf.

paragraphs: "Platypterygius" became extinct during the Upper Cretaceous, about 30 million years before the K/T extinction event. There was an ocean anoxic event at the Cenomanian–Turonian stage boundary. The deeper layers of the seas became anoxic and poisoned by hydrogen sulphide (HS). As life died off in the lower (benthos) levels of the sea, so did the predators at the top of the food chain. The last pliosaurs and ichthyosaurs became extinct.

paragraphs: No firm reasons can be given for the decline of the ichthyosaurs. By the Cretaceous they certainly had more competitors than in the Triassic, and more elusive prey. The adaptive radiation of teleost fish meant their new prey were fast swimming and highly evasive. The teleosts also included fast-swimming predatory fish, which must have been competitors. The anoxic event would have removed much of the plankton at the base of the food chain. That would certainly result in the extinction of many larger predatory forms of life.


title: Gravity Falls

paragraphs: Gravity Falls is an American animated comedy/sitcom from creator/executive producer/writer/director Alex Hirsch which follows city kids Dipper (voiced by Jason Ritter) and Mabel Pines (voiced by Kristen Schaal), who are sent to spend the summer with their eccentric Great Uncle Stan, aka Grunkle Stan (voiced by Hirsch), who runs a tourist trap called The Mystery Shack in a remote northwestern town where nothing is what it seems.  With creatures in the forest, monsters in the lake and time travel a possibility, things get very interesting for the twins as they quickly realize they need each other, in order to unlock the secrets of the quirky and mysterious town.

paragraphs: Dipper - The 12 (13 at the end of the series) twin brother of Mabel Pines and a curious boy who is in love with Wendy Corduroy. He is the pinetree in the Zodiac wheel.

paragraphs: Mabel - The 12 (13 at the end of the series) twin sister of Dipper Pines and spends most of the time having fun with her best friends Candy Chiu and Grenda.

paragraphs: Stanley Pines (also known as Stanford Pines early in the series) - The CEO of the Mystery Shack (until Weirdmageddon III: Take Back the Falls) and is the great uncle of twins Dipper and Mabel Pines. He is also the twin brother of Stanford Filbrick Pines Ph.D, also known as the Author.

paragraphs: Soos - he is an awkward, lovable man-child (who works as the current owner of the Mystery Shack at the time of Weirdmageddon III : Take Back the Falls) and frequent sidekick of Dipper and Mabel on their various adventures. He is one of the main characters of Gravity Falls. He is the question mark on the Zodiac wheel.


title: Carter L. Stevenson

paragraphs: Carter L. Stevenson was a career military officer. He served in the United States Army in the American Civil War.


title: Pitikwahanapiwiyin

paragraphs: Pitikwahanapiwiyin was a Native American leader. Born in 1842 near Battleford Saskatchewan. He was a chief of the plains Cree tribe. He was known to English speakers as Chief Poundmaker. He helped end a long war between the two nations; the Cree and the Blackfoot. To seal the peace between the two tribes he became the adopted son of the Blackfoot chief Crowfoot.


paragraphs: The Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing (also known as the Ironworkers Memorial Bridge and Second Narrows Bridge) is the second bridge that crosses over the Burrard Inlet. It goes from Vancouver to north shore of Burrard Inlet (includes District of North Vancouver, the City of North Vancouver, and West Vancouver).

paragraphs: It began construction in 1957. On June 17, 1958, when one of the cranes was stretching from the north side of the bridge to join the two chords of the unfinished arch, several of the spans collapsed. This caused 79 workers to fall 30 metres (100 ft) into the water. 18 of them were killed either instantly or shortly after, possibly drowned by their heavy tool belts. When a diver went down to search for the bodies, he drowned and that brought the total of deaths for the collapse to 19. The bridge opened on August 25, 1960 and was renamed the Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing in 1994 to honour the workers that had died in the collapse.


title: Château de Lunéville

paragraphs: The Château de Lunéville was the former royal residence of the ruling Dukes of Lorraine. It is often likened to the far grander and larger Palace of Versailles. It is no longer a royal residence and is today a museum. The restoration of the building and its decors is under way. In France it was referred to as the "Versailles of Lorraine" and is also sometimes referred to as the Palace of Lunéville in English.

paragraphs: A building had been on the site since medieval times but nothing had been done to improve or update the building due to the poor finances of the Duchy of Lorraine.

paragraphs: Duke Leopold I of Lorraine was married to Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans herself a niece of Louis XIV of France who at the time of their marriage in 1698 was beginning to expand the Palace of Versailles. The ducal family of Lorraine had previously used the Ducal Palace of Nancy itself in the capital of the duchy. The new Duke and duchess had an ever growing family and Leopold took it upon himself to commission another palace reflecting his rank as a sovereign duke.

paragraphs: Following the death of Leopold of Lorraine in 1729 the duchy was inherited by his son Francis Stephen who eventually married Empress Maria Theresa and he spent most of his time in Austria with his large family.

paragraphs: A after war between France, Poland and Austria apeace was concluded in October 1735 and upheld in the Treaty of Vienna in November 1738. Under its terms, Stanisław Leszczyński, the father-in-law of King Louis XV and the losing claimant to the Polish throne, received Lorraine, while Francis, in compensation for his loss, was made heir to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, which he would inherit in 1737. While the ex king of Poland was in residence the building was known as the "Château Stanislas". Stanisław Leszczyński actually died at the Château in 1766 as did his wife Catherine Opalińska in 1747. After the Polish royals left the Château was largely ignored until it was created a French Historic monument in 1901. It is currently being restored.


title: Jürg Neuenschwander (organist)

paragraphs: Jürg Neuenschwander (14 January 1947 – 23 March 2014) was a Swiss organist and musician. He was best known for his work with Schweizer Radio DRS from 1982 to 1989. He was born in Eggiwil, canton of Bern.

paragraphs: Neuenschwander died from a cerebral hemorrhage on 23 March 2014 in Bern. He was 67 years old.


title: Delta-v

paragraphs: Delta-v, or Δ"v"," "(literally, the change in speed)" "in astrodynamics, (how spacecraft move in space) is a measure of the amount of effort (pushing power) needed to change a craft's trajectory (how it's going to move from now on) in space. It is measured by a unit of speed.

paragraphs: Most of the time, a propellant burned by an engine provides the needed thrust.

paragraphs: Delta-v is calculated in meters per second of thrust, or m/s.

paragraphs: For example, to reach Low Earth orbit, (LEO) a spacecraft generally needs about 9,300 to 10,000 m/s of thrust.


title: Exotoxin

paragraphs: An exotoxin is a poison secreted by bacteria. An exotoxin can hurt a living creature by destroying cells or changing the way that cells work. They are very strong and can cause major damage.


title: Gerhard Bondzin

paragraphs: Gerhard Bondzin (29 July 1930 – 20 March 2014) was a German painter and printmaker. From 1946 to 1948, he made toys and ceramics in Sonnenberg. From 1948 to 1951, he studied painting with Hans Hoffmann Lederer at the University of Architecture and Fine Arts Weimar.

paragraphs: Bondzin entered the SED in 1953. He served as a member of the SED 1969 to 1984. From 1969 until the dissolution of the Academy of Arts in Berlin in 1993, he was a full member of the academy.


title: Hobart Alter

paragraphs: Hobart "Hobie" Alter (October 31, 1933 – March 29, 2014) was an American inventor and businessman. He was a pioneer in the surfboard shaping industry. He was the creator of the Hobie Cat catamarans and founder of the Hobie company. He was born in Ontario, California.

paragraphs: Alter died on March 29, 2014 in Palm Desert, California from cancer, aged 80.


title: Windows 9x

paragraphs: Windows 9x is a general term referring to a series (or family) of Microsoft Windows computer operating systems. These were produced from 1995 to 2000. These were based on the Windows 95 kernel and its underlying foundation of MS-DOS. Both were updated in following versions. This includes all versions of Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows ME. In common usage, the term "Windows 9x" itself often includes Windows ME. However, this is not always the case and it is more often expressed as "Windows 9x/ME". Support for Windows 9x was terminated on July 11, 2006, when extended support for Windows 98 and Windows ME ended. Extended support for Windows 95 ended on December 31, 2001.

paragraphs: Windows 9x can refer to either an individual or all of the following versions of Microsoft Windows:


title: Manuel Valls

paragraphs: Manuel Carlos Valls (, born 13 August 1962) is a Spanish-born French politician. He became the Prime Minister of France on 31 March 2014.

paragraphs: Valls was born in Barcelona to a Swiss mother and Spanish painter Xavier Valls.


title: Andrej Kiska

paragraphs: Andrej Kiska (born 2 February 1963) is a Slovak philanthropist, entrepreneur and politician. He became the President of Slovakia following 2014 Slovak presidential election. He ran as independent. He was appointed to the office on 15 June, 2014.


title: Irene Fernandez

paragraphs: Irene Fernandez (1 June 1946 – 31 March 2014) was a Malaysian human rights activist. She was a PKR supreme council member. She was the director and co-founder of the non-governmental organization Tenaganita. She helped the rights of migrant workers and other oppressed and poor people in Malaysia. She was arrested in 1996 and charged with 'maliciously publishing false news'.

paragraphs: She died on 31 March 2014 of heart failure.


title: Sam Mele

paragraphs: Sabath Anthony "Sam" Mele (January 21, 1922 – May 1, 2017) was a former right fielder, manager, coach and scout in Major League Baseball. As a manager, he led the Minnesota Twins to their first American League championship in 1965.

paragraphs: Mele played for the Boston Red Sox (1947-1949; 1954-1955), Washington Senators (1949-1952), Chicago White Sox (1952-1953), Baltimore Orioles (1954), Cincinnati Redlegs (1955), and for the Cleveland Indians (1956).

paragraphs: Mele was born on January 21, 1922 in Astoria, New York. He studied at William Cullen Bryant High School and at New York University. Mele died at his home in Quincy, Massachusetts on the night of May 1, 2017 from natural causes, aged 95.


title: Windows Server

paragraphs: Windows Server can refer to either an individual or following versions of Microsoft Windows:


title: Harold Brown (Secretary of Defense)

paragraphs: Harold Brown (September 19, 1927 – January 4, 2019) was an American scientist and politician. He was the U.S. Secretary of Defense from 1977 to 1981 in the cabinet of President Jimmy Carter. He last served in the Lyndon Johnson administration as Director of Defense Research and Engineering and Secretary of the Air Force.

paragraphs: Brown died of pancreatic cancer on January 4, 2019 at his home in Rancho Santa Fe, California, aged 91.


title: Windows NT x.0

paragraphs: Windows NT x.00 can refer to either an individual or following versions of Microsoft Windows:


title: William Perry

paragraphs: William James Perry (born October 11, 1927) is an American mathematician, engineer, and businessman. He was the United States Secretary of Defense from February 3, 1994, to January 23, 1997, under President Bill Clinton. He also served as Deputy Secretary of Defense (1993–1994) and Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering (1977–1981).


title: Bob Kerrey

paragraphs: Joseph Robert "Bob" Kerrey (born August 27, 1943) is an American politician. He served as the 35th Governor of Nebraska from 1983 to 1987 and as a United States Senator from Nebraska from 1989 to 2001. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He ran for President in 1992. He was also awarded the medal of honour for his courageous actions while apart of SEAL team 1 in Vietnam.


title: Craig L. Thomas

paragraphs: Craig Lyle Thomas; better known as Craig L. Thomas (February 17, 1933 – June 4, 2007) was an American politician. He was a senior U.S. Senator from Wyoming and member of United States Republican Party. Before that he was a member of the United States House of Representatives for Wyoming from 1989 to 1995.

paragraphs: Thomas died of leukemia on June 4, 2007 in Bethesda, Maryland, aged 74.


title: Windows 20xx

paragraphs: Windows 20xx can refer to either an individual or following versions of Microsoft Windows:


title: Windows x.0

paragraphs: Windows x.0 can refer to either an individual or following versions of Microsoft Windows:


title: Pattullo Bridge

paragraphs: The Pattullo Bridge is the through arch bridge that crosses over the Fraser River. It goes from New Westminster to north bank of the river to the city of Surrey.

paragraphs: The bridge was opened in 1937. On January 18, 2009, there was a fire that started on the south end of the bridge in the structure under the bridge deck. The 60-foot long wooden trestle on the south side of the bridge which connects the steel and concrete structure to the earthen berm was burned and needed to be entirely rebuilt. The investigators treated the fire as suspicious. The bridge was reopened on January 26.


title: Ladoora

paragraphs: Ladoora is a village in the Baramulla District, Jammu and Kashmir, India. It is near Sopore.


title: Frankie Knuckles

paragraphs: Francis Warren Nicholls, Jr. (January 18, 1955 – March 31, 2014), better known by his stage name Frankie Knuckles, was an American DJ, record producer, and remixer. He played a major role in house music in Chicago, Illinois during the 1980s when it was made. In 2005, he was added to the Dance Music Hall of Fame for his achievements. He was born in the Bronx borough of New York City. He was gay.

paragraphs: Knuckles died from complications of diabetes on March 31, 2014 in Chicago. He was 59 years old.


title: Enrique Plancarte Solís

paragraphs: Enrique Plancarte Solís (14 September 1970 – 31 March 2014) was a claimed Mexican drug lord and high-ranking leader of the Knights Templar Cartel, a drug cartel based in the state of Michoacán. Before his tenure in the Knights Templar, he was a top leader of the split-off group La Familia Michoacana. He was born in Nueva Italia, Michoacán.

paragraphs: Plancarte Solís was killed in a gunfight with soldiers of the Mexican Navy on 31 March 2014 in Colón, Querétaro. He was 43 years old.


title: Dijkstra's algorithm

paragraphs: Dijkstra's algorithm is a method to find the shortest paths between nodes in a graph. It is faster than many other ways to do this, but it needs all of the distances between nodes in the graph to be zero or more.

paragraphs: When you have done all of these steps you can use the list to find the shortest way from the first thing to any other thing. First write down the other thing. Then keep doing these steps:

paragraphs: The connections between the things you have written down are the shortest way from the first thing to the other thing.


title: Host (network)

paragraphs: A network host is a computer connected to a computer network. A network host may offer information resources, services, and applications to users or other nodes on the network. Typically, the term is used when there are at least two computer systems connected together. The host computer is a computer that distributes services to other computers connected to it. Each host on a computer network must have a unique IP address.


title: Plant breeding

paragraphs: Plant breeding is the art and science of changing the traits of plants to produce desired characteristics. Plant breeding can be done by many different techniques. Plants with desirable characteristics for propagation can be selected. More complex molecular techniques are also possible (see cultigen and cultivar).

paragraphs: Plant breeding has been practiced for thousands of years, since near the beginning of human civilization. It is now done worldwide by gardeners and farmers, or by professional plant breeders employed by government institutions, universities, crop-specific industry associations or research centres.

paragraphs: International development agencies believe that breeding new crops is important for preventing famine. New varieties are developed. They are higher-yielding, resistant to pests and diseases, drought-resistant or adapted to different environments and growing conditions.

paragraphs: Plant breeding started with the domestication of the first agricultural plants, a practice dates back 9,000 to 11,000 years. Initially early farmers simply selected food plants with particular desirable characteristics, and employed these as progenitors for subsequent generations, resulting in an accumulation of valuable traits over time.

paragraphs: Gregor Mendel's experiments with plant hybridization led to his establishing laws of inheritance. Once this work became well known, it formed the basis of the new science of genetics, which stimulated research by many plant scientists dedicated to improving crop production through plant breeding.

paragraphs: Modern plant breeding is applied genetics, but its scientific basis is broader, covering molecular biology, cytology, systematics, physiology, pathology, entomology, chemistry, and statistics (biometrics). It has also developed its own technology.


title: A Coruña

paragraphs: A Coruña is a city on the north coast of Spain. It is a municipality of Galicia, Spain, and the second-largest city in Galicia. It is the 17th largest city in Spain.

paragraphs: The city is the capital of A Coruña Province, and was the political capital of the Kingdom of Galicia.


title: Open University of Israel

paragraphs: Open University of Israel (, "HaUniversita HaPtukha") is a distance-education university in Israel. The main campus is located in the city of Ra'anana. , the Open University had taught around 39,000 students. Course examinations can be held at Israeli consulates and Jewish Agency offices around the world.


title: Birgitta Valberg

paragraphs: Birgitta Valberg Hansson (16 December 1916 – 29 March 2014) was a Swedish actress from Stockholm. She made 137 roles during her active years at Dramatens elevskola. She started acting in 1934 and retired in 1996.

paragraphs: Valberg died from natural causes on 29 March 2014 in Lidingö. She was 97.


title: Sonic Drive-In

paragraphs: Sonic Corp. is an American fast food restaurant.

paragraphs: The restaurant was created by company founder Troy Smith in 1953. The headquarters for Sonic is located in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. There are 3,561 restaurants in 43 U.S. states which serve approximately 3 million customers per day as of August 31, 2011. In 2011, the restaurant was ranked at #10 on QSR Magazine’s rankings of the top 50 quick-service and fast-casual restaurant brands in the nation.

paragraphs: In 2018, the company was acquired by Inspire Brands.


title: The Milk-Eyed Mender

paragraphs: The Milk-Eyed Mender is the first album by singer-songwriter Joanna Newsom. It was released on March 23, 2004 on the Drag City label.

paragraphs: Joanna Newsom wrote all the songs on the album except for "Three Little Babes". Noah Georgeson produced the album.


title: Hilbert's tenth problem

paragraphs: Hilbert's tenth problem is a problem in mathematics that is named after David Hilbert who included it in Hilbert's problems as a very important problem in mathematics. It is about finding an algorithm that can say whether a Diophantine equation has integer solutions. It was proved, in 1970, that such an algorithm does not exist.

paragraphs: As with all problems included in Hilbert's problems, it was unresolved and considered very difficult when the famous list was published in 1900. The first significant step towards finding the solution was made in 1950 by Julia Robinson, who created a hypothesis (known as the JR hypothesis) around which all later progress was centred. The problem was finally solved with a negative answer in 1970 when Yuri Matiyasevich proved the JR hypothesis. Previous research had shown that this was enough for a negative answer to the problem. The negative answer means that we cannot make an algorithm that can say whether a Diophantine equation has integer solutions.


title: Arrondissements of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department

paragraphs: There are 3 arrondissements in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into "arrondissements", which may be translated into English as districts (in some cases, as boroughs). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.

paragraphs: If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.

paragraphs: Arrondissements are further divided into cantons and communes.

paragraphs: The arrondissements of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques are:

paragraphs: Since its creation, the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department has had few changes:


title: Arrondissement of Bayonne

paragraphs: The arrondissement of Bayonne is an arrondissement of France. It is part of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques "département". Its capital is the city of Bayonne.

paragraphs: It is the westernmost and the smallest of the "arrondissements" of the department, with an area of , and a population of 287,546 inhabitants; its population density is inhabitants/km².

paragraphs: When the "arrondissements" were created in 1800, Bayonne was one of them in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department.

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" is bordered to the north by the Landes department, to the east by the "arrondissements" Pau and Oloron-Sainte-Marie, to the south by Spain, and to the west by the Bay of Biscay (Atlantic Ocean).

paragraphs: After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements".

paragraphs: The cantons of the "arrondissement" of Bayonne are:

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Bayonne has 122 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes):

paragraphs: The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are:


title: Arrondissement of Oloron-Sainte-Marie

paragraphs: The arrondissement of Oloron-Sainte-Marie is an arrondissement of France. It is part of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques "département". Its capital is the city of Oloron-Sainte-Marie.

paragraphs: It is the largest and the southernmost of the "arrondissements" of the department, with an area of , and a population of 74,614 inhabitants; its population density is of inhabitants/km².

paragraphs: When the "arrondissements" were created on 17 February 1800, Oloron-Sainte-Marie was one of them in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department.

paragraphs: Since 10 September 1926, some parts of the dissolved "arrondissements" Mauléon and Orthez were added to the "arrondissement" of Oloron-Sainte-Marie.

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" is bordered to the north and east by the "arrondissement" Pau, to the southeast by the Hautes-Pyrénées department, to the south by Spain, and to the west by the "arrondissement" Bayonne.

paragraphs: The cantons of the "arrondissement" of Oloron-Sainte-Marie are:

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Oloron-Sainte-Marie has 155 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes):


title: Arrondissement of Pau

paragraphs: The arrondissement of Pau is an arrondissement of France. It is part of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques "département". Its capital, and préfecture of the department, is the city of Pau.

paragraphs: It is the northernmost of the "arrondissements" of the department, with an area of , the second in area of the department. It is the most populated "arrondissement" with 305,089 inhabitants and a population density of inhabitants/km².

paragraphs: When the Pyrénées-Atlantiques, as "Basses-Pyrénées", department was created on 17 February 1800, the "arrondissement" of Pau was part of that original department.

paragraphs: The arrondissement of Pau is bordered to the north by the Landes and Gers departments, to the east by the Hautes-Pyrénées department, to the southwest by the arrondissement of Oloron-Sainte-Marie and to the west by the arrondissement of Bayonne.

paragraphs: The cantons of the "arrondissement" of Pau are:

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Pau has 269 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes):


title: Kenny Hotz

paragraphs: Kenneth Joel "Kenny" Hotz (born May 3, 1967 in Toronto, Ontario) is a Canadian producer, writer, director actor, and comedian.

paragraphs: He used to be a consultant and writer for "South Park", the creator and star of both "Kenny vs. Spenny" and "Kenny Hotz's Triumph of the Will", and the writer of "Testees". Hotz has won many awards including Gemini Awards and Canadian Comedy Awards. He is also a Gulf War photo-journalist and an award-winning "Vice" writer.

paragraphs: He owns The Hoxton and Dog & Bear restaurant and bars in Toronto, Canada. He is the Comedy Chair of the Banff World Media Festival Advisory Boards for the Banff World Media Festival and cofounded Aux Mode, an online content distribution and monetization firm in 2013. He currently hosts a weekly radio show with Sirius Radio in the U.S.


title: Dane Witherspoon

paragraphs: Dane Witherspoon (December 27, 1957 – March 29, 2014) was an American actor. He has appeared in such daytime TV soap operas as "Santa Barbara" as Joe Perkins in 1984 and in "Capitol" as Tyler McCandless from 1985 to 1986.

paragraphs: Witherspoon was born in Denton, Texas. He was raised in San Francisco, California. Witherspoon died on March 29, 2014 in Denver, Colorado, aged 56.


title: Jacques Le Goff

paragraphs: Jacques Le Goff (1 January 1924 – 1 April 2014) was a French historian and author. He wrote many books about the Middle Ages. Mostly during the 12th and 13th centuries. Le Goff was known for arguing that the Middle Ages created a new civilization. In 1984, he wrote "The Birth of Purgatory".

paragraphs: Le Goff was born in Toulon. He died in Paris, France from natural causes, aged 90.


title: Yngve A. A. Larsson

paragraphs: Yngve Axel Andreas Larsson (9 January 1917 – 22 March 2014) was a Swedish pediatrician, medicine professor and diabetologist. He was best known for his work at the Ethio–Swedish Pediatric Clinic (ESPC) at Haile Selassie I University in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from 1965 until 1970. He was born in Stockholm.

paragraphs: Larsson died from natural causes on 22 March 2014 in Lidingö. He was 97 years old.


title: Gonzalo Anes

paragraphs: Gonzalo Anes Álvarez de Castrillón (10 December 1931 – 31 March 2014) was a Spanish economist, professor and historian. He was the Marquis of Castrillon from 2010 until his death in 2014. He was also a director of the Royal Academy of History. He was born in Trelles, Coaña, Asturias.

paragraphs: Anes died on 31 March 2014 in Madrid. He was 82 years old.


title: Jan de Graaff

paragraphs: Jan de Graaff (21 April 1943 – 30 March 2014) was a Dutch television journalist. He started his job in 1962 for the news agency "UPI", from 1966 he worked for VARA on radio and television, including as editor of "Behind the News". He was born in The Hague, South Holland.

paragraphs: Jan de Graaff died on 30 March 2014 in Tilburg, North Brabant. He was 70 years old.


title: Nive

paragraphs: The Nive (, ) is a French river that flows through the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. The river starts in the Pyrenees and is a left tributary of the Adour river.

paragraphs: The Nive river has a length of , and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .

paragraphs: Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is at Cambo-les-Bains in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department.

paragraphs: The Nive proper is formed from three small rivers in Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port:

paragraphs: The Nive passes through the towns of Estérençuby (Nive de Béhérobie), Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port, Bidarray, Cambo-les-Bains, Ustaritz, Villefranque and Bayonne, where it flows into the Adour.

paragraphs: It joins the Adour in the city of Bayonne, on its left bank, at an altitude of and at about from the Bay of Biscay (Atlantic Ocean).


title: Pic Palas

paragraphs: Pic Palas or Pic de Palas is a mountain in the Pyrenees on the Spanish–French border. It is the highest point of the French region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine and of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department with an altitude of .

paragraphs: Pic Palas is high. It is on the "Massif du Balaïtous", a mountain range within the Pyrenees.

paragraphs: The summit of this mountain is the point where the Spanish province of Huesca and the French departments of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (Nouvelle-Aquitaine) and Hautes-Pyrénées (Occitanie) meet.

paragraphs: The summit of Pic Palas, as well as the Massif du Balaïtous, is made of granite.

paragraphs: The first ascent of this peak was made by the surveyors Pierre Peytier and Paul-Michel Hossard in 1825 when they were trying to get to the "Pic du Balaïtous".


title: Evil Dead

paragraphs: Evil Dead is a horror movie series from Renaissance Pictures, Rosebud Releasing, Viacom International, Paramount Pictures, MCA, Inc., Universal Pictures, Sony, and TriStar Pictures. There are evil demonic zombies (deadites). "The Evil Dead" was released in 1981, "Evil Dead 2" was released in 1987, "Evil Dead 3" was released in 1992 and "Evil Dead 1" (Remake Version) was released in 2013.


title: Liberals in the United States

paragraphs: Liberals in the United States have many different political ideas about how individuals and government should act. The people listed below are, or were, thought to be as liberals.

paragraphs: These are some important liberals in America:


title: Mark Kirk

paragraphs: Mark Steven Kirk (born September 15, 1959) is an American politician. He was elected to the United States Senate for Illinois in 2010. Before being a senator, Kirk was a United States Representative for Illinois from 2001 to 2010.

paragraphs: On November 8, 2016, he was defeated in his bid for re-election to his U.S. Senate seat by Democrat Tammy Duckworth.


title: Palm Desert, California

paragraphs: Palm Desert, California is a city of California in the United States. It is in Coachella Valley. 48,445 people live here since 2010.


title: Airbus A300-600ST

paragraphs: The Airbus A300-600ST is a civil aircraft. It is a bigger cargo aircraft variant of the A300. Only five were built. It's also known as Beluga.

paragraphs: Airbus A300-600ST is used to transport parts of Airbus aircraft between all manufacturers of the group. All are registered in France.


title: Music! Music! Music!

paragraphs: "Music! Music! Music!" is a popular song. The best known version was by Teresa Brewer, recorded in 1949. The song became became #1 and a million seller in 1950. Some radio stations would not play the song because of the lyric "I'd do anything for you/Anything you want me to". That lyric was often thought to be indecent.

paragraphs: One version of the song was done by Petula Clark, also around 1950.

paragraphs: Brewer made several versions of the song. The one for the Coral label had a stronger beat and orchestra arrangement.


title: Richard Marx

paragraphs: Richard Marx (born September 16, 1963) is an American musician. He is best known for his hit singles "Endless Summer Nights", "Right Here Waiting", "Hazard" etc. He was born in Chicago, Illinois, the son of musician Dick Marx.


title: Fils de France

paragraphs: Fils de France (, "Son of France") was a title used by children of the reigning King of France. It entitled the holder of the title to the style of "Royal Highness". However, that was rarely used. The French court preferred to use terms such as "Madame" and "Monsieur". The reigning king, his wife and their children were collectively referred to as the "Famille de France" ("Family of France"). The grandchildren of the king were entitled to the rank of "Grandson or Granddaughter of France". But the more senior of the two titles was that of "Child of France" due to being a child of a monarch. In French a "Child of France" was a "Fils de France".


title: Derek Martinus

paragraphs: Derek Martinus (born Derek Buitenhuis, 4 April 1931 – 27 March 2014) was a British television and theatre director. He directed episodes of "Z-Cars" and "Doctor Who". Martinus also appeared in some plays, mostly based on Shakespeare. He also directed the award-winning "The Paper Lads".

paragraphs: Martinus died on 27 March 2014 at the age of 82 from Alzheimer's disease.


title: Most Faithful Majesty

paragraphs: Most Faithful Majesty was the style of address traditionally used by the King or Queen of Portugal. Most Faithful King ("Rex Fidelissimus") was a title awarded by the Pope as spiritual head of the Catholic Church to the Portuguese monarchy. In Portuguese it is spelt as "Sua Majestade Fidelíssima".


title: Charles Keating

paragraphs: Charles Humphrey Keating, Jr. (December 4, 1923 – March 31, 2014) was an American lawyer, real estate developer, and banker. Keating is known for his crimes in the Savings and loan crisis of the late 1980s. He served four and a half years in prison before those convictions were overturned in 1996. In 1999, he pleaded guilty to a more limited set of wire fraud and bankruptcy fraud counts, and was sentenced to the time he had already served.

paragraphs: Keating was born on December 4, 1923 in Cincinnati, Ohio. He studied at St. Xavier High School, the University of Cincinnati and at the University of Cincinnati College of Law. Keating married Mary Elaine Fette in 1949. They had six children. He was also a successful swimmer and he worked to ban pornography.

paragraphs: Keating died aged 90 on March 31, 2014 in his home in Phoenix, Arizona after having been ill for several weeks.


title: Seti I

paragraphs: Menmaatre Seti I (or Sethos I as in Greek) was a pharaoh of the New Kingdom 19th Dynasty. He was the son of Ramesses I and Queen Sitre, and the father of Ramesses II.

paragraphs: As with all dates in Ancient Egypt, the actual dates of his reign are unclear. Various historians claim different dates, with 1294 BC to 1279 BC and 1290 BC to 1279 BC being the most commonly used by scholars today.

paragraphs: The name 'Seti' means "of Set", which indicates that he was consecrated to the god Set (or "Seth"). As with most pharaohs, Seti had several names. Upon his ascension, he took the "prenomen" "mn-m3‘t-r‘ ", usually vocalized as "Menmaatre", in Egyptian, which means "Eternal is the Justice of Re." His better known nomen, or birth name, is transliterated as ""sty mry-n-ptḥ"" or "Sety Merenptah", meaning "Man of Set, beloved of Ptah".

paragraphs: The greatest achievement of Seti I's foreign policy was the capture of the Syrian town of Kadesh and neighboring territory of Amurru from the Hittite Empire. Egypt had not held Kadesh since the time of Akhenaten.

paragraphs: Seti I was successful in defeating a Hittite army that tried to defend the town. He entered the city in triumph together with his son Ramesses II and erected a victory stela at the site. Kadesh, however, soon reverted to Hittite control because the Egyptians did not or could not maintain a permanent military occupation of Kadesh and Amurru which were close to the Hittite homelands.

paragraphs: The traditional view of Seti I's wars was that he restored the Egyptian empire after it had been lost in the time of Akhenaten. Recent scholarship, however, indicates that the empire was not lost at this time, except for its northern border provinces of Kadesh and Amurru in Syria and Lebanon.

paragraphs: Seti I has left us an impressive war monument that glorifies his achievement, along with a number of texts, all of which tend to magnify his personal achievements on the battlefield.


title: Crurotarsi

paragraphs: The Crurotarsi are one of the two main groups of archosaurs. It includes the archosaurs (living today are crocodiles and birds). It also includes all their ancestors and relatives right back to the early Triassic period, including the Pseudosuchia.

paragraphs: Both main groups of Archosaurs are defined by features of their ankle joints.


title: Pseudosuchia

paragraphs: Pseudosuchia ("false crocodiles") is one of two major divisions of archosaurs. It includes living crocodilians. It also includes archosaurs more closely related to crocodiles than to birds: "crocodile-line archosaurs".

paragraphs: Pseudosuchia is one of the two "daughter" clades of the Archosauria. It includes a group of superficially crocodile-like prehistoric reptiles from the Triassic period. These are relatives of living crocodiles, but more distant than the archosaurs.

paragraphs: The skull is often massive. The snout is narrow and often long. The neck is short and strong. The standing position may be a typical reptilian sprawl. More often it is an erect stance like dinosaurs or mammals, though done a different way. The body is often protected by two or more rows of armored scutes. Many crurotarsans get to lengths of three metres or more.

paragraphs: Pseudosuchians appeared in the late Lower Triassic. By the late Middle Triassic they were the dominant land carnivores. Their great time was the Upper Triassic, during which time their ranks included a number of carnivore groups, and one group of herbivores.

paragraphs: The end Triassic extinction caused the extinction of most pseudosuchians. The ancestors of modern-day crocodiles survived. A study published in 2010 suggests volcanic eruptions changed the climate, causing a mass extinction that wiped out the dinosaurs' main competitors. Furthermore, this allowed the dinosaurs to succeed them as the dominant terrestrial carnivores and herbivores.

paragraphs: As the Mesozoic progressed, more typically crocodile-like forms evolved. Dinosaurs were the dominant animals on land, but the proto-crocodiles flourished in rivers, swamps, and the oceans. These early crocodiles had far more diversity they have today. With the end Cretaceous extinction, the dinosaurs became extinct, except the birds, while the crocodilians continued with little change. Today, the crocodiles, alligators, and gharials are the surviving representatives of this lineage.