title: Priestly Fraternity of St. Peter

paragraphs: The Priestly Fraternity of St. Peter (Latin: "Fraternitas Sacerdotalis Sancti Petri"; for short: "F.S.S.P.") is a group of Catholic priests and seminarians who want to say the Mass and other sacraments the way they were said before the Second Vatican Council.

paragraphs: According to the laws of the Catholic Church, the F.S.S.P. is a "Clerical Society of Apostolic Life of Pontifical Right". This means that members have to follow the same rules as diocesan clergy and also swear an oath as members of the Society. The Fraternity was established by the Pope, and local bishops are not allowed to tell the Fraternity what to do. Instead, the Pope is in charge of them, through an organization called "Ecclesia Dei". A local bishop is still in charge of the Fraternity's work within his own diocese.

paragraphs: The members of the F.S.S.P. are priests and seminarians who want to express their faith in a specific way. This way is to offer the Mass and other sacraments using the Roman Rite, the way it was before it was changed after the Second Vatican Council. Because of this, the Fraternity uses books of worship from the year 1964, including the Roman Missal, the Roman Breviary, the Pontifical ("Pontificale Romanum"), and the Roman Ritual.

paragraphs: The Fraternity has two purposes: make their priests become holy people, and to send these priests to parishes. They celebrate the sacraments, teach people about Catholicism, give retreats, organize pilgrimages, and provide a full sacramental and cultural life for Catholics who also want to use the liturgy of the 1962 missal. The Fraternity has built its own seminaries to train their own priests to do these things.

paragraphs: The F.S.S.P started with members of the traditional Catholic group, the Society of St. Pius X (S.S.P.X.). In 1988, Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre wanted to make four priests from the S.S.P.X. into bishops. Pope John Paul II did not let him do it, but he did it anyway. The Pope and the Congregation of Bishops said that this was a schismatic act, which meant that the S.S.P.X. was not part of the Catholic Church any more. Twelve priests and several seminarians, led by Father Josef Bisig, did not agree with the decision of Archbishop Lefebvre, and started the F.S.S.P as their own group on July 18, 1988. Father Josef Bisig became the Fraternity's first superior general.

paragraphs: In 2011, the Fraternity had 392 people in it: 228 priests, 10 deacons, and 154 seminarians in 117 dioceses around the world. There are people in the Fraternity from 35 countries. There is also a group of lay members called the Confraternity of Saint Peter with 3,487 people in it.

paragraphs: The person in charge of the F.S.S.P. is called the superior general. The Very Reverend Andrzej Komorowski is the superior general right now. He is helped by the Vicar General and Assistant, the Very Reverend Patrick du Faÿ.

paragraphs: The Fraternity has people all over the world, so people in different parts of the world are split into three districts and two regions:

paragraphs: The Fraternity runs a boarding school called St. Gregory's Academy in Elmhurst, Pennsylvania, USA. It also runs Ezekiel House, a house for seminarians who have studied for less than one year, in Sydney, Australia.


title: Twelve Penny Black

paragraphs: Twelve Penny Black is a rare Canada stamp. It was issued in 1851. The 12-pence stamp showed the portrait of Queen Victoria.

paragraphs: In 1851, the Province of Canada issued the stamps of Queen Victoria. For the stamp image, the Queen's portrait by Alfred Edward Chalon (1780–1860) was used. This design is called the "Chalon head". The stamps were printed in New York.

paragraphs: In fine and unused condition, these stamps are very priced. In February 2006, a Twelve Penny Black was sold £116,000.


title: K.A.A. Gent

paragraphs: Koninklijke Atletiek Associatie Gent, also referred to as just AA Gent is a football club from Ghent, Belgium. It was founded in 1900 and is one of the top clubs in Belgium. Its home ground is the Ghelamco Arena, which has a capacity of 20,000.


title: Maurice Hayes

paragraphs: Maurice Hayes (8 July 1927 – 23 December 2017) was an Irish politician. He was an independent member of the 21st and 22nd Seanads, nominated as a senator by the Taoiseach.

paragraphs: Hayes was born in County Down in Northern Ireland. He died at a hospital in Belfast on 23 December 2017 from frontotemporal dementia at the age of 90.


title: Kenneth Bloomfield

paragraphs: Sir Kenneth Percy Bloomfield (born 15 April 1931) is an Irish politician. He was the former head of the Northern Ireland Civil Service.

paragraphs: He was later a member of the Independent Commission for the Location of Victims' Remains and for a time Northern Ireland Victims Commissioner. In addition to this, he has held a variety of public sector posts in Northern Ireland and elsewhere.

paragraphs: Bloomfield was born in Belfast, Northern Ireland.


title: Mary Ellen Mark

paragraphs: Mary Ellen Mark (March 20, 1940 – May 25, 2015) was an American photographer. She was known for her photojournalism, portraiture, and advertising photography.

paragraphs: She photographed people who were "away from mainstream society and toward its more interesting, often troubled fringes".

paragraphs: Mark died of myelodysplastic syndrome in Manhattan, on May 25, 2015, aged 75.


title: Erik Carlsson

paragraphs: Erik Carlsson, aka ""Carlsson på taket"" ("Carlsson on the roof"), (5 March 1929 – 27 May 2015) was a Swedish rally driver for Saab.

paragraphs: Carlsson was born in Trollhättan. Erik Carlsson married Pat Moss on 3 March 1963 in London. Carlsson died on 27 May 2015, aged 86.


title: John Gardner (British writer)

paragraphs: John Edmund Gardner (20 November 1926 – 3 August 2007) was an English spy and thriller novelist. He was best known for his James Bond novels, but also for his series of Boysie Oakes books and three continuation novels containing Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's fictional villain, Professor Moriarty.

paragraphs: Gardner went on to write over fifty works of fiction, including fourteen original James Bond novels, and the novel versions of two Bond movie. He died from suspected heart failure on 3 August 2007.


title: John Gardner (American writer)

paragraphs: John Champlin Gardner Jr. (July 21, 1933 – September 14, 1982) was an American novelist, essayist, literary critic and university professor. He was known for his novel "Grendel", a retelling of the Beowulf myth from the monster's point of view.

paragraphs: Gardner was killed in a motorcycle accident in Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania, aged 49.


John Gardner


title: John L. Gardner

paragraphs: John Lane Gardner (1793–1869) served in the U.S. Army eventually achieving the rank of brevet Brigadier General after serving in the American Civil War having also served in the War of 1812, the Seminole War and the Mexican–American War before that.


title: John W. Gardner

paragraphs: John William Gardner, (October 8, 1912 – February 16, 2002) was an American politician. He served as the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare under President Lyndon Johnson. He was the founder of Common Cause.


title: Dayton Waller

paragraphs: Dayton Hollis Waller, Jr. (April 2, 1925 – May 26, 2015) was an American farmer and businessman from Shreveport, Louisiana. He was a Democratic member of the Louisiana House of Representatives. He served a single term with six other at-large members from 1968 until 1972.


title: Rocky Frisco

paragraphs: Don Roscoe "Rocky" Joseph III (July 26, 1937 - May 26, 2015), professionally known as Rocky Frisco and Rocky Curtiss, was an American musician. He was best known as the longtime pianist for JJ Cale, and for his role in the development of the music style known as the Tulsa Sound.


title: Aminah Robinson

paragraphs: Aminah Brenda Lynn Robinson (February 18, 1940 – May 22, 2015) was an American artist. Robinson received her formal art training at the Columbus Art School (now the Columbus College of Art and Design). She was known for creating sculptures in Columbus neighborhoods.

paragraphs: Robinson died on May 22, 2015 from heart failure, aged 75.


title: Tanith Lee

paragraphs: Tanith Lee (19 September 1947 – 24 May 2015) was a British writer of science fiction, horror, and fantasy. She was the author of over 90 novels and 300 short stories, a children's picture book ("Animal Castle"), and many poems.

paragraphs: She also wrote two episodes of the BBC science fiction series "Blake's 7". She was the first woman to win the British Fantasy Award best novel award (also known as the August Derleth Award), for her book "Death's Master" (1980).

paragraphs: Lee died peacefully in her sleep after a long illness on 24 May 2015.


title: Odo Marquard

paragraphs: Odo Marquard (26 February 1928 - 9 May 2015) was a German philosopher.

paragraphs: Marquard was born in Stolp, Farther Pomerania. In 1984 he was awarded the Sigmund Freud Prize by the Deutsche Akademie für Sprache und Dichtung. Marquard died at the age of 87.


title: General Motors C/K Trucks

paragraphs: The C/K was Chevrolet and GMC's full-size pickup truck. The series was produced from 1960 until 1999 in the United States. In Canada it was produced from 1965 to 1999. South American trucks were made from 1964 through 2001 in Brazil and from 1975 to 1982 in Chile.

paragraphs: The first Chevrolet pickup truck appeared in 1918. The buyer provided the all-wood cab or got it after an aftermarket supplier added it to the chassis. The same was true for the steel cargo bed.. "C" indicated two-wheel drive and "K" indicated four-wheel drive. The aging C/K light-duty pickup truck was replaced with the Chevrolet Silverado and GMC Sierra names in 1999 in the US and Canada. In 2001 in Brazil they were called the Chevrolet Silverado HD and GMC Sierra HD heavy-duty pickup trucks. Until this time the names Silverado and Sierra were used to identify the trim level of the C/K trucks.


title: Australopithecus deyiremeda

paragraphs: Australopithecus deyiremeda is an extinct hominin which lived about 3.4 million years ago in northern Ethiopia. This was around the same time and place as several previously discovered specimens of "Australopithecus afarensis" were found. They include the well known Lucy.

paragraphs: The discovery was in the Afar Region of Ethiopia about (520 kilometers) northeast of the capital Addis Ababa and north of Hadar, Ethiopia (“Lucy’s” site).

paragraphs: Teeth in the fossil jaw suggest that the species had a different diet from "A. afarensis".

paragraphs: Yohannes Haile-Selassie, the curator of physical anthropology at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History has said that "The Woranso-Mille study area has thus far yielded more than 120 early hominin fossil specimens dated to between 3.4 and 3.8 million years ago".

paragraphs: Haile-Selassie told the BBC: "We had to look at the detailed anatomy and morphology of the teeth and the upper and lower jaws, and we found major differences. This new species has very robust jaws. In addition, we see this new species had smaller teeth. The canine is really small – smaller than all known hominins we have found in the past".

paragraphs: This was perhaps one of four different species of early humans that were all alive at the same time.


title: Cactus Flower

paragraphs: Cactus Flower is a 1969 American comedy movie. Ingrid Bergman plays Stephanie Dickinson. Goldie Hawn plays Toni Simmons. Walter Matthau plays Julian Winston.

paragraphs: The movie received an Oscar for Goldie Hawn for her performance. It also won a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress. It was liked both by the general public and critics.


title: 1001 Nights (TV series)

paragraphs: 1001 Nights is a Canadian animated television series developed and produced at Big Bad Boo Studios, based on stories from "One Thousand and One Nights." This is the first time the books of "One Thousand and One Nights" were made into an animated TV series for children.


title: John Elders

paragraphs: John Elders (18 December 1930 – 3 May 2015) was an English rugby union player. He played with Leicester Tigers between 1953 and 1958, scoring the third most tries in the 1950s for the club with a total of 38. He also captained the club for a number of seasons. From 1972 until 1974, he coached England national rugby union team.

paragraphs: Elders was born in Middlesbrough. In 1981, he moved to Australia but moved back to England in 1981.

paragraphs: Elders died after a long illness on 3 May 2015, aged 84.


title: Ramelteon

paragraphs: Ramelteon is a medication that can help people sleep. It is used for patients that have trouble falling asleep.


title: Bharat Raj Upreti

paragraphs: Bharat Raj Upreti (; 8 July 1950 – 24 May 2015) was a Nepalese judge. He was a justice of the Supreme Court of Nepal from 22 January 2009 until his resignation in 2013.

paragraphs: Upreti was born in Sindhupalchowk to a Hindu family. He studied at universities in Nepal and India.

paragraphs: Upreti died on 24 May 2015 in Gyaneshwor, Kathmandu, aged 64. He committed suicide (killed himself) by hanging.


title: Vézère Valley

paragraphs: The Vézère Valley is known for its prehistoric cave systems, containing numerous cave paintings and hominid remains. They are found in the valley of the Vézère river between the "communes" of Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil and Montignac in the Dordogne department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine region.

paragraphs: UNESCO designated the systems as a World Heritage Site in 1979. Among the archaeological sites with remarkable caves is Lascaux.


title: Little Big Man

paragraphs: Little Big Man is a 1970 Western-comedy movie. It is about Native Americans and American pioneers in the 19th century. Also in 19th century, a white male child is raised by the Cheyenne nation. Dustin Hoffman plays Jack Crabb. Faye Dunaway plays Louise Pendrake.

paragraphs: The movie got very positive reviews from critics. Roger Ebert gave the movie four stars. It was rated PG-13 by the MPAA.


title: Cat Chaser

paragraphs: Cat Chaser is a 1989 thriller movie. The movie is about a former American paratrooper who runs a beachfront hotel in Miami. He searches for a woman who saved his life in 1965. Kelly McGillis plays Mary. Charles Durning plays Jiggs.

paragraphs: "Cat Chaser" got mixed reviews from critics. Rotten Tomatoes rates the movie 40%. "Variety" said: "Despite a fine cast and atmospheric direction by Abel Ferrara, the pic doesn't quite make the grade, though it is certainly worth a look."


title: Chances Are

paragraphs: Chances Are is a 1989 American romantic comedy fantasy movie. This movie is about happenings in 1964 and 1987. It is also about reincarnation. Cybill Shepherd plays Corinne Jeffries. Mary Stuart Masterson plays Miranda Jeffries.

paragraphs: Several scenes were filmed in Georgetown, along the mall and other parts of Washington, D.C..

paragraphs: "Chances Are" received positive reviews from movie critics. Rotten Tomatoes gives the movie a 64% rating. The movie got back over $16 million.


title: Cyborg (movie)

paragraphs: Cyborg is a 1989 martial arts and science fiction movie. The movie is about post-apocalyptic times.

paragraphs: Cannon Films had planned to make a sequel to the 1987 He-Man movie "Masters of the Universe" and a live action version of 'Spider Man'. Both projects were planned to shoot at the same time by Albert Pyun. Cannon, however, was in financial trouble. They had to cancel deals with both Mattel and Marvel Entertainment. Cannon had already spent $2 million on costumes and sets for both movies. They decided to write a new project to recoup the money spent on them. Then Pyun wrote the storyline for "Cyborg" in one weekend. The movie was shot for less than $500,000 and filmed in 23 days. It was shot entirely in Wilmington, North Carolina.

paragraphs: Jackson "Rock" Pinckney, who played one of Fender's pirates, lost his eye during filming when Jean-Claude Van Damme struck his eye with a prop knife. Pinckney sued Van Damme in a North Carolina court and was awarded $485,000.

paragraphs: Violent scenes were removed from the movie to achieve an R rating rather than an X rating. That included a throat slitting and some blood and gore in the village massacre. Also removed was the death of a man Van Damme was fighting.

paragraphs: The movie got negative reviews from movie critics. However, the movie was successful in the box office. It got back over $10 million total.


title: Sneakers (movie)

paragraphs: Sneakers is a 1992 American crime fiction comedy movie. It stars Robert Redford, Dan Aykroyd, Ben Kingsley, Mary McDonnell, River Phoenix, Sidney Poitier, and David Strathairn. This was the second time Phoenix and Poitier starred together in a movie. The first was "Little Nikita" in 1988.

paragraphs: In 1969, students Martin Brice and Cosmo are hacking into computer networks. They are called "sneakers". They are at college. They are switching money illegally. The police burst in and arrest Cosmo while Martin is out getting pizza. Martin runs away and is a fugitive.

paragraphs: After a number of years, Martin, now called Martin Bishop, is heading a group of security specialists in San Francisco. They are: Donald Crease, a former CIA officer and family man; Darren "Mother" Roskow, who believes in conspiracy theory; Carl Arbogast, a young genius; and Irwin "Whistler" Emery, a blind phone expert.

paragraphs: The National Security Agency knows who Martin really is. They offer to clean his record, but he has to steal a "black box" from a mathematician, Dr. Gunter Janek. Janek made the box for the Russian government. Martin agrees to help. With help from his former girlfriend, Liz, Martin and his team get the box, which is disguised as an answering machine. Whistler, Mother, and Carl discover that the box can break the encryption code of nearly every computer system. Martin says no one can leave the building until they can deliver the box the next day.

paragraphs: Martin gives the box to the NSA officers, but quickly leaves after Crease discovers that Janek was killed the night before. He finds out from a friend named Gregor in the Russian consulate, that the officers were not real agents, and that Janek was working for the NSA.

paragraphs: Fake FBI agents kill Gregor and kidnap Martin. While kidnapped, he again meets Cosmo, who Martin thought had died in prison. While in prison, Cosmo got involved with organized crime, who helped him escape and get wealthy. He wants to use Janek's box to ruin the world economy. He asks Martin to join him. Martin says no, and so Cosmo uses the box to break into the FBI's files to add “Martin Brice” as a known alias to Martin’s record. Martin is knocked out and taken back to the city.

paragraphs: Martin calls his team for help. NSA agent Abbott, who wants the box, says Martin has to get it before he can help. By trickery, the team breaks into the building to recover the box. But Cosmo has been tipped off about a possible break-in. Cosmo locks down the building and holds Martin at gunpoint. Again he asks Martin to join him, but Martin refuses and the team escapes.

paragraphs: Back at their offices, Martin's team is met by NSA agents ready to arrest the group. But Martin convinces the NSA how important the secrecy of the box is to their agency. Abbott agrees to clear Martin's record and grant the requests of the rest of his team. After Abbott and the agents leave with the box, Martin shows his team he has ruined it by taking out the main processor.

paragraphs: Lasker and Parkes got the idea for "Sneakers" in 1981, while working on "WarGames". Once Robert Redford agreed to be in the movie, people who wanted to work with him then joined the cast and crew. This included the director, Robinson, who had little interest in the movie before.

paragraphs: "I can't remember having so much fun on a movie," Tobolowsky said in a 2012 anniversary article for the website for "Slate". He first laughed at the script just because of its title. After his agent talked him into reading it, he changed his mind. He then said to his agent, "Now I know what a hundred million dollars at the box office reads like." The rest of the cast and crew also liked working on the movie. Near the end of the shoot Robinson said the only way it could have been better would have been if the lab lost the film, so they would have had to do it all over again.

paragraphs: The movie got mixed reviews when it was released. Writing for the "Los Angeles Times", Kenneth Turan said "Sneakers" is "[a] caper movie with a most pleasant sense of humor," a "twisting plot," and a "witty, hang-loose tone." He also praised the director, who is "surprisingly adept at creating tension at appropriate moments" and "makes good use of the script's air of clever cheerfulness".

paragraphs: Roger Ebert gave the movie two-and-a-half stars out of four, saying it is "a sometimes entertaining movie, but thin."

paragraphs: Vincent Canby, in a negative review for "The New York Times", said the movie looked like it had "just surfaced after being buried alive for 20 years". He said that Redford and Poitier looked and acted too old. He said the plot was "feeble," and that the movie was "jokey without being funny, breathless without creating suspense". He calls the ensemble an "all star gang," but says the "performances are generally quite bad." It currently holds an 81% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 47 reviews with an average rating of 6.8/10.

paragraphs: The movie was a box office success, making over $105.2 million worldwide.


title: Cyborg

paragraphs: A cyborg (short for "cybernetic organism") is a theoretical or fictional being with both organic and manufactured parts.

paragraphs: The term was coined in 1960. D.S. Halacy's "Cyborg: evolution of the superman" in 1965 spoke of a "new frontier" that was "not merely space, but more profoundly the relationship between 'inner space' to 'outer space' – a bridge...between mind and matter".

paragraphs: The term cyborg is not the same thing as bionic. It is often applied to an organism that has restored or enhanced abilities, done by some artificial part, by or technology that relies on some sort of feedback.

paragraphs: While cyborgs are commonly thought of as mammals, they might also conceivably be any kind of organism and the term "cybernetic organism" has been applied loosely to all sorts of things. The term can also apply to micro-organisms which are modified to perform at higher levels than their unmodified counterparts. It is thought that cyborg technology may form a part of humanity's future.


title: Consenting Adults (movie)

paragraphs: Consenting Adults is a 1992 American mystery crime-thriller movie. This movie is about a composer and his wife living an ordinary suburban life until some new neighbors come along.

paragraphs: Composer Richard Parker and his wife Priscilla live an ordinary suburban life. That is, until they meet their new neighbors, Eddy and Kay Otis. The two couples become friends. Kay's talent for blues singing gets the attention of Richard. Eddy is attracted to Priscilla. However, it becomes clear that Eddy is a scam artist who fakes a neck injury after an auto accident.

paragraphs: The plot takes a nasty turn when Richard sleeps with Kay. Kay turns up bludgeoned to death with a baseball bat the following morning. It is then revealed that Eddy spent the night elsewhere, to establish an airtight alibi. Richard's fingerprints are on the bat. His semen is found in her body. He is then charged with the crime. Making matters worse, Priscilla disowns and divorces Richard due to his infidelity. Eddy soon becomes Priscilla's lover and a substitute father to Richard's child.

paragraphs: Richard finds a ray of hope when he discovers that Kay is alive. Eddy, expecting what Richard intends to do next, murders Kay and slips away.

paragraphs: Priscilla discovers a forgotten plane ticket that Eddy used on the night of the second murder. She realizes Eddy's guilt and worries over what to do about it. Richard raids Eddy's house. Eddy, however, expects this move as well. Priscilla and Richard eventually kill Eddy with the baseball bat.

paragraphs: "Consenting Adults" received negative reviews from movie critics. Rotten Tomatoes gives the movie 27% overall.


title: Carlito's Way

paragraphs: Carlito's Way is a 1993 crime drama movie set in New York City in 1975. It was directed by Brian De Palma and produced by Martin Bregman. The movie is about Carlito Brigante. He is released from prison and wants to go straight. However, he cannot escape from his past, and gets dragged back into criminal activity. Al Pacino plays Carlito. Penelope Ann Miller plays Carlito's girlfriend Gail. Sean Penn plays Carlito's lawyer Dave Kleinfeld.

paragraphs: This movie was released on November 3, 1993. It got mixed to positive reviews from critics. Its box office intake was over $63 million. The movie was criticized for re-treading old ground, mainly Brian De Palma's earlier works, such as "Scarface" and "The Untouchables". On the "Siskel and Ebert" show, Ebert gave the movie a thumbs up. Siskel gave the movie a thumbs down. Ebert stated in his review the movie was one of De Palma's finest. The movie has a Fresh 79% rating from Rotten Tomatoes.


title: Tzatziki

paragraphs: Tzatziki or Cacik is a type of Turkish dip or meze served widely in the Mediterranean and Middle East. It is basically a cold yogurt dish with chopped-up cucumber or other vegetables. It is excellent to go with the spiced meat dishes of the Mediterranean cuisine.

paragraphs: A common recipe is strained yogurt (usually from sheep or goat milk) mixed with cucumbers, garlic, salt, olive oil, sometimes lemon juice, and dill, mint, or parsley. Tzatziki is almost always served cold.


title: American occupation zone

paragraphs: The American Zone of Occupation was part of Allied Occupied Germany, which was occupied by the Soviets, the French, the Americans, and the British. This took place shortly after World War II. The American Zone of Occupation's first military governor was Dwight Eisenhower, later the President of the United States of America.


title: Kate Quilton

paragraphs: Kate Quilton is a television presenter best known for her work on food shows like "Food Unwrapped"..

paragraphs: Quilton began working in television while still a student. She had jobs with ITV and the BBC. She made programmes for Channel 4 from 2010 until 2014 including the short lived documentary series "Seven Days". She resigned from Channel 4 in 2014 to work full time on "Food Unwrapped". In 2014 Quilton appeared with "Food Unwrapped" co-presenter Jimmy Doherty in "The World's Best Diet", a one-off show.


title: Grumpy Old Men

paragraphs: Grumpy Old Men is a 1993 romantic comedy movie. It is about two old men who lead boring, ordinary lives in Wabasha, Minnesota. This was the sixth movie starring both Jack Lemmon and Walter Matthau. It was also their first movie together since 1981's "Buddy Buddy". Lemon and Matthau are one of the screen's great comedy teams.

paragraphs: It was followed by a sequel, "Grumpier Old Men".

paragraphs: Lemon and Matthau play neighbors who have been feuding since their childhood. The rivalry started over a high school sweetheart. The two lead similar boring and lonely single lives. They both love the Minnesota winter pastime of ice fishing. They also love competing, arguing, insulting, and pulling cruel practical jokes on each other whenever possible. Then an eccentric artist moves into the neighborhood. She is played by Ann-Margaret. Both men try to capture her attention.

paragraphs: "Grumpy Old Men" was one of the biggest surprise hits of the year at the time of its release. The movie opened on December 25, 1993. It had a weekend gross of $3,874,911. However, its numbers gradually became stronger. It earned a domestic total of $70 million. It got mixed to positive reviews from critics. Roger Ebert said "Matthau and Lemmon are fun to see together." The movie is rated PG-13 for adult themes.


title: Grumpier Old Men

paragraphs: Grumpier Old Men is a 1995 romance-comedy movie. The movie is about a feud between two old men that has cooled. The movie is the sequel to "Grumpy Old Men".

paragraphs: This movie was released on December 22, 1995. It got negative reviews from critics. Roger Ebert gave the movie two out of four stars. Kevin Thomas from "Los Angeles Times" said the movie was contrived and getting by on the star power of its cast It took in $71 million at the box office, more than its predecessor, "Grumpy Old Men". Grumpier Old Men won the 1996 People's Choice Award for "Favorite Comedy Motion Picture". Like the first movie, "Grumpier Old Men" was rated PG-13.


title: Armagnac (brandy)

paragraphs: Armagnac (; ) is a kind of brandy produced in the Armagnac region of France. The region lies between the Adour and Garonne rivers in the foothills of the Pyrenees. The area contains of grape-producing vines. It was given an AOC in 1936.

paragraphs: Column stills rather than pot stills are used in the production of Armagnac. It is then aged in oak barrels. Armagnac is the oldest brandy distilled in France. In the past was consumed for its therapeutic benefits. In the 14th century, Prior Vital Du Four, a Cardinal, claimed it had 40 virtues:


title: Two-wheel drive

paragraphs: Two-wheel drive (2WD) describes vehicles in which, in theory, two wheels receive power from the engine at the same time. Usually the two wheels are on the same axle in the drivetrain. Most vehicles with two-wheel drive are mainly for use on roads and highways. Two-wheel drive cars and trucks are either front- (FWD) or Rear-wheel drive (RWD). This means either the front or the rear axle is the "drive axle" that moves the vehicle forward. When the vehicle begins to accelerate, some of the weight of the vehicle is shifted to the rear giving a rear-wheel drive car or better balance and traction. Two-wheel drive systems are simple and rugged. This is why rear-wheel drive is so popular in police cars and other service vehicles.

paragraphs: Traditional two-wheel drive systems have a differential in the rear axle. This is used for turning the vehicle. If both drive wheels rotated at exactly the same rate, the vehicle would have difficulty going around a corner. In a turn, the outside wheel has to go faster to keep up with the inside wheel (which turns slower). A differential allows one wheel to turn faster under these conditions. This means only one of the two wheels actually has power at any given time. A differential also prevents excessive tire wear.

paragraphs: Of the two drive types, RWD has more disadvantages. In wet or slippery conditions, having effectively only one drive wheel, the tires are going to slip and lose traction. A FWD (not to be confused with 4WD) vehicle will have better traction, but in snow and icy conditions will not equal a four-wheel drive car or truck.


title: Inuinnaqtun

paragraphs: Inuinnaqtun is an Inuit language spoken in northern Canada. It is one of the official languages of Nunavut and the Northwest Territories. These are two of the three territories in Canada.

paragraphs: Inuinnaqtun is closely related to Inuktitut, but Inuinnaqtun is only written in Latin script (unlike Inuktitut). The number of native speakers is 410.


title: Cabin (truck)

paragraphs: The cabin or cab of a truck is the inside space in a truck where the driver is seated. Modern long-haul (long distance) trucks cabs usually feature air conditioning, a good sound system, and seats (often air-suspended). Pickup truck cabs have options that can make them as comfortable to drive as a car.

paragraphs: There are usually three types of cabs in pickup trucks:

paragraphs: There are a few possible cab configurations:


title: 1989 (Taylor Swift album)

paragraphs: 1989 is the fifth studio album by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. The album was released on October 27, 2014 in the United States. The album debuted at number one in many countries around the world. "1989" was noted to be Swift's first "pop-sounding" album. The album was named after the year Swift was born and contains elements of music from that year.

paragraphs: As of January 2016, six singles have been released. The first four were "Shake It Off", "Blank Space", "Style", and "Bad Blood". The first, second, and fourth singles all reached number one on the US "Billboard" Hot 100, while the third single reached number six. The fourth single, "Bad Blood", was also released as a remix featuring American rapper Kendrick Lamar.

paragraphs: The fifth single, "Wildest Dreams", reached number five on the "Billboard" Hot 100 and, like the previous singles from the album, topped "Billboard"'s Mainstream Top 40 (Pop Songs) airplay chart. The music video for the sixth single, "Out of the Woods", premiered on New Year's Eve 2015 on the annual new-year countdown show, "Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve with Ryan Seacrest", which was shown on ABC in the United States. This song has so far reached the top twenty on the US "Billboard" Hot 100. The last single is "New Romantics", a song from the deluxe edition of "1989". The song was released on February 23, 2016.

paragraphs: The album generally received positive reviews from music critics, and it sold over 1.2 million copies in the United States in its first week. This is the largest first-week sales of any album since 2002. This record was beaten by English singer-songwriter Adele with her 2015 album, "25", which sold over 3 million copies in its first week in November 2015.


title: Style (Taylor Swift song)

paragraphs: "Style" is a song by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. It is the third track from her fifth studio album, "1989". It was released as the third single from the album on February 9, 2015. It reached number six on the US "Billboard" Hot 100. It topped the Mainstream Top 40/Pop Songs chart in the United States. The song contains elements of disco, funk-pop, and pop rock.


title: Anne Braden

paragraphs: Anne Braden (July 28, 1924 – March 6, 2006) was an American civil rights activist and newspaper journalist. She worked for newspapers in Louisville, Kentucky, Anniston, Alabama and Birmingham, Alabama. She also worked for the civil rights movement.

paragraphs: In 1948, she married Carl Braden. He was a journalist too. They were interested in Henry Wallace's campaign to be President of the United States. Not long after Wallace lost, they left mainstream journalism. After World War II, the labor movement grew less aggressive. It began to break apart into smaller groups. At the same time, civil rights causes heated up.

paragraphs: In the 1940s, some hospitals were racially segregated. Black people were not treated in the same area as white people. In 1950, Anne Braden led a hospital racial integration drive in Kentucky. She wanted to show that such racial segregation was a bad idea. In 1951 she led a group of southern white women organized by the Civil Rights Congress to Mississippi. During that march, she was arrested. They were protesting against the execution of Willie McGee, an African American. He had been convicted of the rape of a white woman, Willette Hawkins.

paragraphs: Anne Braden is probably best known for something that happened in 1954. The Wade family asked the Bradens for help. Andrew Wade was an African American who wanted to buy a house in white suburban Louisville, Kentucky. Because of Jim Crow housing practices, the Wades had been unsuccessful for months to buy a home on their own. The Bradens agreed to buy the house and resell it to the Wades. On May 15, 1954, Andrew Wade and his wife Charlotte spent their first night in their new home. When white neighbors discovered that black people had moved in, they burned a cross in front of the house. They shot out windows. A few days later, a stone was thrown through a window. The milkman would not deliver milk. Someone cancelled their newspaper subscription. White friends began staying in the house to guard against further violence. After a few weeks, the incidents quieted down. However, just after midnight on June 27, 1954 a bomb went off in the house. It was under the room the Wade's two-year-old daughter slept in. Nobody was home at the time.

paragraphs: The Bradens and five other whites were charged with sedition. They were accused of trying to start a race war. They were also accused of blowing up the house themselves to try to overthrow the government of Kentucky. This happened during the time of McCarthyism. Anyone could be accused of being a communist and many were. Carl Braden was said to be a communist troublemaker. He spent eight months in prison. The Supreme Court ruled a year later in a Pennsylvania case. It said sedition was a federal crime, not a state crime. Carl Braden's state conviction was cancelled. The charges were dropped against the other defendants. The Wades moved back to Louisville.

paragraphs: Anne Braden was born in Louisville, Kentucky. She died there at age 81.


title: Burhan Muhammad

paragraphs: Burhan Muhammad (3 August 1957 – 19 May 2015) was an Indonesian diplomat. From 14 November 2012 until his death, he was the Ambassador to Pakistan. He was born in Yogyakarta.

paragraphs: Muhammad was badly burned and injured in a helicopter crash in Naltar, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan on 8 May 2015. He later died at a hospital in Singapore, aged 57.


title: Lawrence Oates

paragraphs: Lawrence Edward Grace "Titus" Oates or Captain Lawrence Oates (March 17, 1880 March 16, 1912) was a British cavalry officer and an Antarctic explorer. He died during the Terra Nova Expedition of 1910–13. Oates, who had gangrene and frostbite, walked from his tent into a blizzard. His death is seen as an act of sacrifice. When he knew that his sickness risked the survival of his three crew mates, he chose certain death.

paragraphs: Oates was born in Putney, London, England in 1880. His parents were William and Caroline Oates. His family was rich. They had owned land at Gestingthorpe, Essex, for hundreds of years. His father moved the family there when his children were small. He had an older sister, named Lillian, who married an Irish singer and actor. His uncle was a naturalist and African explorer. Oates studied at Eton College, but he left after less than two years because of poor health. He then attended an army school in Eastbourne.

paragraphs: In 1910, he joined Robert Falcon Scott's expedition to the South Pole. He was chosen because he had worked with horses. He took care of the nineteen ponies that pulled the sleds carrying food for the trip. Scott then picked Oates for the five-man team to travel the last distance to the Pole.

paragraphs: Captain Scott, Captain Oates and 14 others left base camp on November 1,1911. During the trip, some members of the crew were sent back by Scott in teams. On January 4, 1912, only the five-man team with Scott and Oates, were left to walk the last to the Pole.

paragraphs: On January 18, 1912, they reached the Pole. They found that Norwegian explorer, Roald Amundsen and his team, had beaten them to be first to the Pole. Inside the tent was a note from Amundsen saying that he had reached the South Pole on December 14, 1911.

paragraphs: On the way back, Scott's team had many problems: very bad weather, poor food supply, injuries from falls, scurvy and frostbite. On February 17, 1912, Edgar Evans died from a head wound after falling into a deep crack in the ice a few days earlier.

paragraphs: Oates' feet were badly frostbitten. He was getting weak faster than the others. In his diary, Scott wrote on March 5: "Oates' feet are in a wretched condition... The poor soldier is very nearly done." The others did not want to leave him behind. This caused the team to be late getting back. They were running out of food and fuel. On March 15, Oates told his friends that he could not go on. He asked them to just leave him in his sleeping bag, but they said no. He travelled a few more miles that day but got worse that night.

paragraphs: When he woke up the next morning, Oates walked out of the tent into a blizzard and temperatures to his death. Scott wrote in his diary, "We knew that poor Oates was walking to his death, but though we tried to dissuade him, we knew it was the act of a brave man and an English gentleman."

paragraphs: Scott and the other two walked another . Then they were stopped by a fierce blizzard on March 20. Trapped in their tent by the weather and weak, cold and hungry, they died nine days later. Their frozen bodies were found by a search party on November 12, 1912.

paragraphs: Oates' body was never found. Near where they thought he died, the search party left a pile of stones and a cross. These words were left: "Hereabouts died a very gallant gentleman, Captain L. E. G. Oates... In March 1912, returning from the Pole, he walked willingly to his death in a blizzard, to try and save his comrades, beset by hardships."

paragraphs: Oates' reindeer-skin sleeping bag was found. It is now in the museum of the Scott Polar Research Institute in Cambridge, with other items from the expedition.

paragraphs: Scott wrote in his diary that before Oates left the tent and walked to his death, he said "I am just going outside and may be some time."


title: Pharmacokinetics

paragraphs: Pharmacokinetics is a branch of pharmacology which studies what the body does to a drug. Pharmacokinetics looks at how a substance enters, moves through and exits the body. It relates how the dose delivered affects the concentration within the body. It is closely related to another branch of pharmacology, pharmacodynamics, which describes how a drugs affects the body.

paragraphs: When developing new drugs, it is important to know exactly what happens to the chemical once administered. There are four important parameters of pharmacokinetics, usually known by the acronym ADME: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion. This model was developed in order to simplify perception of the many processes that take place once a drug enters an organism.

paragraphs: Absorption describes the movement of a drug from the dosage form to the site of action, usually the blood.

paragraphs: The bioavailability (F) of the drug is the fraction of the drug being administered that reaches the blood circulation.

paragraphs: Once the drug is in the body, it enters many cells. Cells are surrounded by a protective membrane made of lipid bilayer. For this reason, only lipid soluble, (lipophillic) drugs can enter cells.

paragraphs: Sometimes the substance gets trapped within the lipids of waste products that need excreted, and leave the body without ever being absorbed.

paragraphs: For this reason, there must be a balance between lipophilicity and hydrophilicity of drug molecules.

paragraphs: The acidity of a pharmaceutical compound can also affect absorption. It is important to know how acid or basic the substance is in order for the body to accept it, giving our bodies a biological effect.

paragraphs: One way to overcome the need to absorb the drug in the stomach (where it can be destroyed by bile), is to inject it in the skin (intradermal), subcutaneously, in the muscle (intramuscular) or directly into the bloodstream (intravenously).

paragraphs: Other routes include the topical route, where the drug is applied directly to the skin or mucosal surface on which it is intended to act. These drugs are also known as ointments and include eye drops, thrush cream and eczema lotion. Though absorption is slow, there is a high concentration of the substance in this one area, meaning a pharmacological affect at only the site of application is produced.

paragraphs: Nasal spray and inhalers are other routes of admission which bypass the stomach.

paragraphs: Distribution describes the process by which a drug moves about in the body once it has entered blood circulation, and how this movement may decrease the concentration.

paragraphs: The apparent volume of distribution (Vd) is the apparent volume into which the drug is distributed, expressed in liters (L).

paragraphs: Vd is a hypothetical volume of fluid that will contain the total amount of drug administered to the body. One inside thebody, the drug can move around either by diffusion (soaking through a membrane due to a lower concentration), or by transport in the blood. The body should be considered as being multicompartmental, where drugs can be distributed into plasma (blood) - 8% , interstitial fluid (a liquid that surrounds tissues) - 24%, intracelullar fluid (which surrounds cells) - 65% and also fat.

paragraphs: A lower Vd value infers that the drug is retained within the plasma.

paragraphs: A higher Vd value suggests that the drug is retained in volumes outside of the plasma (i.e. in peripheral tissues).

paragraphs: There are many factors which affect drug distribution, the most important ones are the following:

paragraphs: Metabolism describes the process by which a drug is altered chemically in the body into its metabolite, which may be more or less active. This process usually occurs in the liver, but can also take place in the plasma, lungs, stomach, small intestine, kidney and skin. It contains two phases: phase 1 and phase 2.

paragraphs: Put simply, this process converts lipid soluble drugs to water soluble metabolites.

paragraphs: All drugs that are absorbed from the small intestine are first transported to the liver by the hepatic portal vein, in many cases a large proportion of the drug is then metabolized immediately before the drug enters the systemic circulation. This process is called first pass metabolism.

paragraphs: Some drugs undergo extensive first pass metabolism such that only about 10% of the administered dose enters the circulation: "10% bioavailability".

paragraphs: In the case of some drugs, the metabolism occurs within the gut before even reaching the liver.

paragraphs: This is an elimination process by which a drug or its metabolite is removed from the body. Usually this occurs in the kidneys (urine), but can also take place in the biliary system (faeces), gastrointestinal tract (GIT), skin (sweat) and lungs (expired air).

paragraphs: Many of the products of hepatic metabolism are water soluble metabolites of lipid soluble drugs, these enter the systemic circulation and are transported to the kidney where they are eventually excreted in the urine.

paragraphs: Drugs and metabolites that are in free aqueous solution may also be excreted in sweat or expired air. Where the drug or metabolite is not freely water soluble, it is normally excreted into the gut via the bile duct from when it is excreted in the faeces.

paragraphs: One complication of this route of excretion is the enterohepatic shunt. In this process the drug is excreted into the guy from the bile duct, but is then reabsorbed and transported back to the liver. The consequence of this is that the presence of the drug or metabolite within the body is extended, which, if the metabolite is pharmacologically active, may extend the duration of action of the drug.

paragraphs: Some chemicals, for example lead, accumulate within the tissues.

paragraphs: The actual concentration of drug present within the plasma (bloodstream) following administration is dependent on absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. Plasma concentrations of a drug after administration of identical doses either by intravenous injection or orally. Only about half of the dose administered orally actually enters circulation, however the plasma half-life of the drug is approximately 3 hours both orally and via IV.

paragraphs: In most therapeutic circumstances, drugs are not given as a single dose but as multiple doses. This has profound effects on the plasma concentrations achieved. The state of constant maxima and minima is called "steady state". This is the point where rate of drug availability equals rate of elimination, and the optimum therapeutic effect is reached.


title: 1953 British Mount Everest expedition

paragraphs: The British Mount Everest expedition of 1953 was the first expedition that made it to the summit of Mt. Everest. Edmund Hillary, an explorer, and Tenzing Norgay, a Nepalese mountain climber, were the pair who got to the top. It was the ninth attempt to reach the summit.

paragraphs: The expedition was lead by Colonel John Hunt, who was hired by the Everest organizing committee. The military-style expedition was "bottom heavy" by today's standards. There were tons of equipment hauled by 350 porters to support only ten climbers. Other teams would also try. Finally, on May 29, Hillary and Tenzing made it to the top. They could only stay on the summit for 15 minutes or risk running out of oxygen. They began the long climb back down to the base camp. They arrived exhausted and unable to speak. When Hunt saw them he thought they failed and began arranging for another team to try. But the two gestured that the climb had been a success. Hillary and Norgay became instant heroes.


title: Reynaldo Rey

paragraphs: Reynaldo Rey (born Harry Reynolds; January 27, 1940 – May 28, 2015) was an American actor, comedian, and television personality. He started his career in 1973. He was best known for roles in the movies "Harlem Nights" (1989), "White Men Can't Jump" (1992), and "Friday" (1995). He also appeared in the television series "227".

paragraphs: Rey was born in Sequoyah County, Oklahoma. He was of African American and Native American ancestry.

paragraphs: Rey died from problems caused by a stroke on May 28, 2015 in Los Angeles, California. He was 75.


title: Anna Levinson

paragraphs: Anna-Rose Levinson (8 January 1939 – 13 May 2015) was a German zoologist and entomologist. She worked at the Max Planck Institute for Behavioral Physiology from 1971 and the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology from 2004.

paragraphs: Levinson was born in Tel Aviv, Israel and graduated from the University of Jerusalem in 1966. She later moved to Germany, living in Starnberg, Bavaria. She was married to Hermann Levinson until his death in November 2013.


title: Subcompact car

paragraphs: A subcompact car is the American term for an automobile with a class size smaller than a compact car. Usually they are not longer than . They are larger than a microcar. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), a passenger car is classified as subcompact if it has between and of interior volume.

paragraphs: The subcompact group is roughly the same as A-segment and B-segment cars in Europe. They also are similar in size to a city car and supermini in British terminology. In 2012, the New York Times described the differences, saying "today’s small cars actually span three main segments in the global vehicle market". The tiny A-segment cars include the Chevrolet Spark and Smart Fortwo. They’re extremely short and very light. Slightly larger are B-segment cars like the Ford Fiesta and Chevrolet Sonic. The most popular subcompact cars include the Chevrolet Sonic/Aveo and the Ford Fiesta.


title: Medcezir

paragraphs: Medcezir is an Turkish teenage drama television series based in Istanbul. It was on for 2 seasons between September 13, 2013 and June 12, 2015.


title: Elias Gleizer

paragraphs: Ilicz Glejzer (4 January 1934 – 16 May 2015), better known as Elias Gleizer, was a Brazilian actor. He started acting in 1959. He was best known for appearing in "O Meu Pé de Laranja Lima" (1980), "Pedra sobre Pedra" (1992), "Sonho Meu" (1994), "Terra Nostra" (1999), "Uga-Uga" (2000), "India – A Love Story" (2009), and "Flor do Caribe" (2013).

paragraphs: Gleizer was born in São Paulo. He was the son of Polish Jewish immigrants. He never married or had children.

paragraphs: Gleizer was hospitalised after a fall on 6 May 2015 in Rio de Janeiro. He later died from heart failure and bronchopneumonia on 16 May, aged 81.


title: Ali Raymi

paragraphs: Ali Raymi (7 December 1973 – 23 May 2015) was a Yemeni boxer. He was a four division flyweight Boxing World Champion. His professional boxing record was 26-0 (26 KOs), twenty of which happened in the first round versus undefeated fighters. He was a Yemeni amateur champion in 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007. He was born in Mecca, Saudi Arabia.

paragraphs: Raymi died in an explosion on 23 May 2015 in Sana'a, aged 41.


title: Sète

paragraphs: Sète is a commune in the Hérault department of France. About 45,000 people live there.

paragraphs: Sète is a port and a seaside resort. It is on the Mediterranean. It has its own culture, traditions, cuisine and dialect. It is the hometown of artists including Paul Valéry, Jean Vilar, Georges Brassens, Gregory Del Piero, Hervé Di Rosa, Manitas de Plata and Robert Combas.


title: John Watts (Grenadian politician)

paragraphs: Sir John Augustus Fitzroy Watts (1921 or 1922 – 11 May 2015) was a Grenadian dentist and politician. He served as the President of the Senate twice, from 1988 until 1990 and 1995 until 2004. He was also the co-founder of the Grenada National Party.

paragraphs: Watts was born in St. Patrick. He died on 11 May 2015 in St. George's, aged 93.


title: Humphrey (cat)

paragraphs: Humphrey (c. 1988 – March 2006) was a cat who worked at 10 Downing Street, the home of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He lived there from October 1989 to 13 November 1997. His title was "Chief Mouser to the Cabinet Office".

paragraphs: He first came as a one-year-old stray cat. He served as chief cat for Margaret Thatcher, John Major and Tony Blair. He went into retirement six months after the Blairs moved into Downing Street. He took over for the previous cat, Wilberforce. He was sometimes said to be a real employee at Number 10, by journalists.

paragraphs: Humphrey was found as a stray by a Cabinet Office civil servant. He was named in honour of Sir Humphrey Appleby, a civil servant character on British televsion. After the previous mouser, Wilberforce, had died, the Cabinet Office and Number 10 were in need of a replacement, so Humphrey began his work.

paragraphs: He was often seen posing for pictures in front of the famous Number 10 front door. His main job was catching mice and rats in the maze of Downing Street buildings. The poor quality of the buildings, some of which were built in the 16th century, and the nearby St. James's Park made them a sure place for pests.

paragraphs: In June 1995, Humphrey went missing. Downing Street did not tell the public about this until Sheila Gunn, a writer for "The Times", found out. Gunn had told a member of staff that her own cat had died and they shared about the missing cat. Gunn's story was mentioned on the front page. He was then found in a nearby medical college. He had been taken in as a stray and renamed PC, short for "patrol cat".

paragraphs: When he came back to Downing Street, Humphrey gave a news report saying: "I have had a wonderful holiday at the Royal Army Medical College, but it is nice to be back and I am looking forward to the new parliamentary session."

paragraphs: Within a week of Tony Blair moving to 10 Downing Street after the May 1997 general election, newspapers said that Humphrey and Cherie Blair, the new Prime Minister's wife, were not getting along. Mrs Blair was said to either be allergic to cats or believed them to be unclean. Sheila Gunn, later said that she was the source of these reports. Her obituary says they were based "on a hunch for which she had no evidence".

paragraphs: At the time, an official for the family said that Humphrey would not be moving out, saying that Number 10 "is Humphrey's home and, as far as the Blairs are concerned, it will remain his home". A photo of Humphrey and Mrs Blair was given to the press. This did not calm fears that the cat would be forced out. Rumours went around that Humphrey was drugged by press secretary Alastair Campbell, before being taken away.

paragraphs: In November 1997, Humphrey's personal caregiver, Jonathan Rees, who worked for the Prime Minister, wrote a letter saying that the cat should retire to a "stable home environment where he can be looked after properly". While kidney problems were given as the reason for his retirement, many believed that Mrs Blair caused it.

paragraphs: Humphrey moved to his new home with an older couple in the suburbs of London on 13 November 1997. The news of his retirement was not told until the next day, because there was fear that the cat might be kidnapped.

paragraphs: Little was heard about Humphrey over the next few years. Many people though that he had died.

paragraphs: "The Daily Telegraph" made a "Freedom of Information Act" request for documents about him in early 2005. This led to more information being uncovered about his time at Downing Street. In its March 2005 report about Humphrey, the "Telegraph" sadly said "Where Humphrey is now - or even whether he is still with us - remains a mystery. 'I am not having much luck,' a Cabinet Office spokesman confessed last night. His official minder has not heard from him in seven years." Finally, on 22 July 2005, "The Independent" reported that "the 17-year-old mouser is alive and well and living in south London."

paragraphs: In March 2006, an official for Tony Blair reported that Humphrey had died the week before. He died at his offical retirement home.


title: Doris Hart

paragraphs: Doris Hart (June 20, 1925 – May 29, 2015) was an American tennis player. She played singles and doubles and was ranked in the world top ten from 1946 through 1955, becoming World No. 1 during 1951. She won four Australian Championships, ten French Championships, ten Wimbledon titles, and eleven U.S. Championships. In total, she had 35 Grand Slam titles before retiring in 1955.

paragraphs: Hart was born in St. Louis, Missouri. As a child, she suffered from osteomyelitis which left her with an impaired right leg. She also attended the University of Miami. She never married or had children.

paragraphs: Hart died on May 29, 2015 in Coral Gables, Florida. She was 89.


title: Wabasha, Minnesota

paragraphs: Wabasha is a city in Wabasha County, Minnesota, USA. It is also the county seat.The population was 2,495 in 2013. Wabasha is located in southeastern Minnesota on the Mississippi River. Established in 1830, Wabasha is the oldest town in Minnesota. It is also the oldest continuously occupied city in the upper Mississippi River valley. Wabasha is named after chief Wa-pa-shaw of the Sioux Nation.

paragraphs: Wabasha was the setting of the movies "Grumpy Old Men" and "Grumpier Old Men".


title: James Wilson Marshall

paragraphs: James Wilson Marshall (October 8, 1810 – August 10, 1885) was an American carpenter and sawmill worker. He reported finding gold at Coloma on the American River in California on January 24, 1848. This started the California Gold Rush. The mill was owned by John Sutter. Marshall had been hired to help build it.

paragraphs: On the morning of January 24, 1848 Marshall was fetching water for his new-built water-powered sawmill by the river when he suddenly saw gold flakes in the water. He later said:


title: Beau Biden

paragraphs: Joseph Robinette "Beau" Biden III (February 3, 1969 – May 30, 2015) was an American attorney and politician for the Democratic Party. He served as the 44th Attorney General of Delaware from January 2, 2007 until January 6, 2015. He also was a Major in the Delaware Army National Guard. He was the son of Vice President Joe Biden and stepson of Second Lady Jill Biden.

paragraphs: Biden was born in Wilmington, Delaware to Joe and Neilia Biden. He and his wife, Hallie, had two children: a daughter, Natalie, and a son, Hunter. In 1972, his mother and younger sister, Naomi Christina Biden, were killed in an car accident, in which Beau and his brother Hunter were badly injured.

paragraphs: Biden died from brain cancer on May 30, 2015 in Bethesda, Maryland. He was 46.


title: L. Tom Perry

paragraphs: Lowell Tom Perry (August 5, 1922 – May 30, 2015) was an American businessman and religious leader. He was a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from April 6, 1974 until his death.

paragraphs: Perry was born in Logan, Utah. He was married twice and had three children. His first wife, Virginia Lee, died from cancer in December 1974. He was married his second wife, Barbara Dayton, from 1976 until his death.

paragraphs: Perry died from thyroid cancer on May 30, 2015 in Salt Lake City, Utah. He was 92.


title: Annarita Sidoti

paragraphs: Annarita Sidoti (25 July 1970 – 21 May 2015) was an Italian race walker. She was the 1997 world champion. She also won the European Championships twice and the European Indoor Championships once. She competed in the 1992, 1996 and 2000 Summer Olympics. She appeared in the 1998 movie "Le complici".

paragraphs: Sidoti was born in Gioiosa Marea, Sicily. She was married and had three children.

paragraphs: Sidoti died from breast cancer on 21 May 2015 in Gioiosa Marea. She was 44.


title: Bill O'Herlihy

paragraphs: Bill O'Herlihy (26 September 1938 – 25 May 2015) was an Irish television broadcaster and public relations executive. His career began in 1965. He worked for Raidió Teilifís Éireann (RTÉ), and was best known for his work on RTÉ Sport. He presented for 10 FIFA World Cups and 10 Summer Olympic Games before retiring in 2014. He also appeared in current affairs programs "Newsbeat" and "7 Days".

paragraphs: O'Herlihy was born in Glasheen, Cork. He was married to Hilary and had two daughters, Jill and Sally. He had an operation in 2007 because of a colon cancer tumour.

paragraphs: O'Herlihy died on 25 May 2015 in Dublin, aged 76.


title: Ontario New Democratic Party

paragraphs: The Ontario New Democratic Party (ONDP) is a social democratic political party in Ontario, Canada. It is part of the national New Democratic Party. It formed in 1961 when the Ontario section of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation merged with the Ontario Federation of Labour.

paragraphs: The party formed the government in the 1990 Ontario general election. This was the first provincial government formed by the NDP east of Manitoba. However, the party was blamed for a recession that hit Canada and lost the 1995 general election.

paragraphs: The leader of the party since 2009 is Andrea Horwath. After the 2018 election, the NDP became the Official Opposition.


title: Eastern Ontario

paragraphs: Eastern Ontario is a subregion of Southern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario. It is a wedge-shaped area between the Ottawa River and the Saint Lawrence River. Quebec is to the north and the U.S. state of New York is to the east and south. The subregion is sometimes called Southeastern Ontario. According to the Canada 2011 Census, it had a population of 1,603,625. It has an area of .

paragraphs: The following counties are in Eastern Ontario:

paragraphs: Sometimes Hastings County, Prince Edward County, and Northumberland County are also included in Eastern Ontario but usually they are considered part of Central Ontario. Large cities in Eastern Ontario include Ottawa, Cornwall, and Prescott.

paragraphs: French explorers and fur traders were the first Europeans in the subregion. A large number of Franco-Ontarian still live in Eastern Ontario. After the American Revolutionary War, many United Empire Loyalists moved into Eastern Ontario.


title: Bob Hornery

paragraphs: Robert James "Bob" Hornery (28 May 1931 – 26 May 2015) was an Australian actor. He was known for his appearances on "Neighbours", "Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome", "The Importance of Being Earnest", "Blue Heelers" and "Doctor Who".

paragraphs: Hornery died after a long illness on 26 May 2015, aged 83.


title: United Counties of Prescott and Russell

paragraphs: The United Counties of Prescott and Russell are two consolidated counties in Ontario, Canada. The county seat is L'Orignal. It was created by a merger between Russell County and Prescott County in 1820. It is in Eastern Ontario.

paragraphs: The county covers an area of . The Alfred Bog is in the county. Many species of birds, plants, and butterflies live in the bog. According to the Canada 2011 Census, Prescott and Russell has a population of 85,381 people. Many Franco-Ontarian people live in Prescott and Russell. Two thirds of the people speak French as their first language.

paragraphs: There are four townships, one town, two municipalities, and one city in Prescott and Russell:


title: Manitoba Highway 2

paragraphs: Manitoba Highway 2 is a provincial highway in Manitoba, Canada. It is long. It runs from east to west. It starts at the border with Saskatchewan, where it is called Saskatchewan Highway 13. It ends southwest of Winnipeg where it meets Highway 100. It doesn't pass through any major cities. It passes through several rural municipalities, including Oakland-Wawanesa, Glenboro-South Cypress, and Norfolk Treherne.

paragraphs: The highway is the Manitoba part of the Red Coat Trail.


title: Deaths in June 2015

paragraphs: The following is a list of notable deaths in June 2015. For notable deaths before the current month, please see "Previous months".


title: Robert Kraft (astronomer)

paragraphs: Robert Paul "Bob" Kraft (June 16, 1927 – May 26, 2015) was an American astronomer. He performed ground breaking work on Cepheid variables, stellar rotation, novae, and the chemical evolution of the Milky Way. He also served as director of the Lick Observatory (1981–1991), president of the American Astronomical Society (1974–1976), and president of the International Astronomical Union (1997–2000).

paragraphs: Kraft was born in Seattle, Washington. He graduated from the University of Washington and the University of California, Berkeley.

paragraphs: Kraft died on May 26, 2015 in Santa Cruz, California, aged 87.


title: Julie Harris (costume designer)

paragraphs: Julie Harris (26 March 1921 – 30 May 2015) was a British costume designer. She won an Academy Award for Best Costume Design in 1966 and was nominated for five BAFTAs, winning one in 1967. Her works included "Swiss Family Robinson" (1960), "Psyche 59" (1963), "Darling" (1965), "Help!" (1965), "The Wrong Box" (1966), "Casino Royale" (1967), "The Slipper and the Rose" (1976) and "Candleshoe" (1977). She was born in London.

paragraphs: Harris died after a short illness on 30 May 2015 at a Chelsea, London hospital, aged 94.


title: Tony McNamara

paragraphs: Tony McNamara (3 October 1929 – 30 May 2015) was an English footballer who played as a midfielder. He played for Everton, Liverpool, Crewe Alexandra, Bury and Runcorn between 1947 and 1960. He was born in Liverpool.

paragraphs: NcNamara died on 30 May 2015 in Liverpool, aged 85.


title: Bloomingdale Line

paragraphs: Bloomingdale Line or also known as 606 (The 606 Park and Trail) is an elevated urban trail in Chicago. It was made by replacing elevated railroad tracks with a path for bicyclists, walkers and runners.

paragraphs: The trail is on Chicago's Northwest Side, at Bloomingdale Ave (1800N), between Armitage and North. It is 2.7 miles long. It runs east and west. The eastern end is at Walsh Park, on Ashland Avenue (1600W). The park's western end will be at Ridgeway Trailhead (3750W), when Phase 2 is completed. The official opening was on June 6, 2015.

paragraphs: The first construction phase of the 606 was completed in 2015. It was developed by the City of Chicago, the city's park district and the Trust for Public Land. The name comes from the first three digits of Chicago's ZIP Code. "In its original state, it was the elevated Bloomingdale [train] Line, completed in 1915 along Bloomingdale Avenue..."

paragraphs: The trail is about 17.5 feet above street level at its highest point. Original retaining walls are on each side. The walls are filled with a subsoil from when the structure was first built. The ballast and railroad ties and trackes were removed in the conversion to a trail. On top of the subsoil are other soil layers. These were re-built as part of the conversion. On top of the soil is an 8-inch layer of concrete. This top layer is 14 feet wide. In the middle is a 10-foot wide section for bicyclists. On either side is a 2-foot shoulder for runners and walkers. Beyond the shoulders are planted areas with grass, trees and lighting. At some places, there are benches A fence or railing of varying height runs along the length of the path. There are 17 ramps and one staircase along the trail.

paragraphs: In 2016, the American Planning Association announced that the trail would win the association's 2016 National Planning Excellence Award for Urban Design.

paragraphs: Since its opening, the trail has had a lot of use by walkers, runners and bicyclists. Local alderman Brian Hopkins the second has advocated extending the trail east across the North Branch of the Chicago River.

paragraphs: The trail has caused the price of houses that are near it to rise. This rise is much greater west of Western Avenue than east of that street.


title: Ice fishing

paragraphs: Ice fishing is the practice of catching fish through an opening in the ice on a frozen body of water. The methods include fishing with fishing rods, lines and hooks or spears. Ice fishermen may fish in the open or in heated enclosures called ice shacks.

paragraphs: Basic ice fishing equipment is fairly simple. A short fishing rod, some bait, hooks and a way to drill or chop a hole in the ice. The right clothing is also important to keep warm on the ice. Or, you could get into highly specialized ice fishing gear.

paragraphs: An important part of ice fishing in the northern parts of North America is the ice shack (ice house, ice shanty, dark house). These are dragged or towed onto the lake using a vehicle such as a snowmobile, ATV or truck. Most portable ice houses which are often made of anything from light tent-like structures to heavy material that designed to shelter fishermen from cold and wind. They can take many different forms. Some are simple structures that are just a place to get in out of the cold. Others are elaborate expensive shelters, warm and safe enough to withstand any weather. They are also loaded with electronics.

paragraphs: Modern ice shacks can have equipment like underwater cameras, sonar fish-finders and lake-mapping apps for their smartphones. Some have all the comforts of home such as big-screen TVs, poker tables, king-size beds and stereo systems. They can have refrigerators, fireplaces and bathrooms with hot showers. Many ice fishermen spend weekends in their comfortable ice shack retreats all winter.

paragraphs: In the northern parts of North America, ice fishing is often a social activity. Some resorts have fish houses that are rented out by the day; often, shuttle service by Snow Track or other vehicles modified to drive on ice is provided. They can appear to a city on the ice where fishing is best. Some even elect a mayor. Most municipalities have requirements to remove ice houses by a certain date before the ice melts.

paragraphs: In Finland, peace and quiet in isolation is often the object of the pastime. In Finland, fish houses are a rare. But wearing a sealed and insulated dry suit designed with space age fabric is not.


title: Splatoon

paragraphs: Nintendo announced that a series of Splatoon Amiibo figures would be released along with the game, Boy and Girl Inklings are sold separately and a Squid figure is sold only as a bundle with either the game or the two other Amiibos. People who pre-ordered "Splatoon" at GameStop were given a download voucher that gave them Splatoon-themed Mii costumes to use in "Super Smash Bros. For Wii U".

paragraphs: "Splatoon" was met with positive reviews. GamesRadar rated the game a 3.5 out of 5 stars. They said that the game was a refreshing take on the shooter genre but criticized some of the features like lobbies and Amibo-locked content. Destructoid rated the game 8.5. Chris Carter of Destructoid, said that "most of (the game's) shortcomings can be forgiven in my mind because of how damn fun it is."


title: 1948 Palestine War

paragraphs: The 1948 Palestine War, also known as the War of Independence to Israelis (people from Israel), was a war between the new state of Israel, east Israelian Arabs, and the other states around Israel. The war began in 1947 after the announcement of the end of the British Mandate in Palestine (the British control of the region) and the separation of the land into two countries of the same size. By the end of the war in 1949 Israel had expanded (made bigger) its land beyond its given borders. The Arab state created in the UN Partition Plan (UN Separation Plan) never came into existence as its two largest parts of land, the Gaza Strip (small piece of land south of Palestine on the coast) and the West Bank (region east of Jerusalem and west of the Jordan River), went into the control of Egypt and Jordan one by one. The war continues to be an issue in the Middle East today. For Israelis, it shows the change from the Yishuv (the Jewish group in Palestine) to the state of Israel (even though the War of Independence took place). Other countries had to deal with the idea of loss and the difficulties of local arguments caused by the creation of a special Jewish State in a highly Arab region. Palestinians remember the war as The Nakba ("lit. Catastrophe," , "al-Nakba"), the war that broke up a growing nation and pushed its people away.

paragraphs: Beginning in 1881, European Jews began to move to Palestine in large numbers. These new immigrants mainly settled in the region under the banner of Jewish nationalism, known as Zionism. The goal of this nationalist movement was the creation of a Jewish state. Although at first friendly, relations between Arabs in Palestine and Jews from Europe became more bitter as the number of Jews moving grew.

paragraphs: During World War One, Arabs and Jews were under the rule of the Ottoman Empire. To weaken the Empire, her enemies (Britain and France), began to offer land to peoples in sections of the Empire for launching resistance to the Ottomans. This included offering Palestine to various Arab leaders (including the Husayn family of Saudi Arabia). At the same time, the British offered control of Palestine to a Jewish state that didn't yet exist. Although this action led to nothing, it still encouraged greater movement of Jews to Palestine as well as a fear of losing regional control for the Palestinians. In 1936, responding to the growing Jewish population, Palestinian Arabs led an armed revolt against the British and Jews in Palestine. The revolt, led by the mufti and head of the Arab Higher Committee Hajj Amin al-Husayni, was the first large-scale expression of a sense of Palestinian nationalism. Though it ended with the British and Jews putting down the revolt, the resulting White Paper of 1939 proved it had been an influential piece of resistance. Under the 1939 White Paper, Jews could only send a further 75,000 immigrants over 5 years and the goal of giving over Israel to Palestine. This situation, two cultures competing against each other for Palestine, continued to be the case throughout World War Two. At the end of that conflict, the British Mandate in Palestine was near ending and the peoples of the region wanted a solution to the issue.

paragraphs: In 1947, the British gave the issue of competing peoples within Palestine to the United Nations. The United Nations Special Committee on Palestine was tasked with fizing the issue of violence between the two groups and treating each side with fairness in the giving-out of land. On November 29, 1947, the Partition Plan was announced. Palestine would be divided into separate Jewish and Arab states of roughly equal size. Jerusalem would remain an independent city run by the UN. Finally, the British would leave the Mandate of Palestine by May 1948. At first, most of the international community supported the plan (including both the US and USSR) as well as the Yishuv. Palestinian Arabs, as well as the nations of Egypt, Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and Transjordan (now Jordan) argued against the plan and pushed for a new one with an Arab state and a recognized Jewish minority. When that was not accepted, these nations moved for war by raising armies to fight the new state of Israel.

paragraphs: Given its recent status as a state, the Yishuv actually had one of the most well-organized and well-armed military forces in the region. This force fell under the control of the Haganah, a single state army and the army that would become the modern Israeli Defense Force (IDF)(the switch was made in late May 1948). By mid-May, the state of Israel had called up an army of 35,000. As the war continued into July, that number trended up to 65,000. At the end of the war, Israel had successfully brought up and armed 96,441 men to fight against the Palestinians and Arab nations. Additionally, Israel was unique for having a developed strategic plan and a simple command system. Under the leadership of David Ben-Gurion, the minister of defense, the state of Israel could count on a force with unified leadership and a plan.

paragraphs: Unlike the Yishuv, the Palestinians had no unified force before the war began in late 1947. There were several paramilitary groups, but no single leader, structure or plan. Al-Husayni and the Arab Higher Committee tried to give the fighters a system. Yet, many disliked his leadership and did not think of the committee as the voice of Palestinians. Still, al-Husayni successfully created a rag-tag force known as the Holy War Army made up of new volunteers and paramilitary forces. This army and the other Palestinian fighters, however, lacked modern weapons and supplies. Though al-Husayni pushed the Arab League (a collection of majority Arab nations) for greater support and control to direct the course of the war, the League blocked him.

paragraphs: The nations of the Arab League that joined in the war against Israel were Egypt, Transjordan, Iraq, Lebanon, and Syria (there was a smaller force from Saudi Arabia and Yemen under Egyptian command). Despite having the League to bind them, at the start of the war there was no single League commander. Each country mobilized its own force for its own goals. The force was thus not one League force but a collection of forces. The final force from the Arab League, the Arab Liberation Army, was a force of 4,000 volunteers from across the Middle East which worked out of Syria. While the nations of the Arab League surrounded Israel, they did so as different countries.

paragraphs: Israel's objectives for the war were originally based on the Haganah's 1946 Plan and run by David Ben-Gurion. The plan called for the rapid build-up of forces to fight against what the army saw as the greatest threat: invasion from the many Arab states. By using the 1946 Plan, Ben-Gurion hoped to secure the land given to Israel in the UN Partition Plan. As the war went on, the goals changed slightly with the introduction in March 1948 of Plan Dalet (Plan D). Instead of simply holding the lands given to Israel, the plan now commanded Israel's forces to work remove Arabs from Jewish-controlled land, defend Jewish settlements in Arab Palestine, and to take Arab land at particular positions for a strategic advantage. A possible reason for the change is given by historian David Tal, who points out that it was probably a response to the stiffer resistance from Palestinians and a general desire to put Israeli forces in the most defensible positions. Yet, as Tal also points out, this strategic plan has never been without some controversy, particularly the part of the plan which forced Palestinian movement.

paragraphs: The principal objective for the Palestinians, as expressed by the Arab Higher Committee, was the creation of a single Arab state in Palestine.

paragraphs: While Transjordan outwardly agreed with the rest of the Arab League in creating an Arab state in Palestine, that seems to have not been Transjordan's ultimate goal. According to the records of Transjordan, King Abdullah, Transjordan's Hashemite (royal family) monarch, was interested in using the war as an excuse to put Palestinian Arabs under Jordanian control. This would then put him into a position to seize Syria and create a Greater Syria. This means that Transjordan's objectives were seemingly in opposition to those Syria, Lebanon, Egypt, and the Palestinians themselves.

paragraphs: Like Transjordan, both Syria and Egypt supported creating a single Arab state in Palestine. Their reasoning, however, was more about stopping the spread of Jordanan, who both nations feared (should Transjordan take the region).

paragraphs: The first part of the conflict pitted the Yishuv's forces against those of the Palestinian's Arab Higher Committee. The civil war began with three days of strikes on November 30, 1947. It then changed into a guerrilla campaign against Jewish supply trucks. In January 1948, the Arab Liberation Army entered Palestine. This stiff resistance caused the Israelis to adapt their plan and to introduce Plan Dalet. On April 5th, the Haganah launched Operation Nahshon, a fifteen-day operation to secure routes to Jerusalem by seizing hills along the main roads. After the success of Operation Nahshon and smaller Jewish offensives, Palestinian resistance began to fall apart.

paragraphs: The second part of the war began with the invasion of Egypt, Iraq, Transjordan, Lebanon, and Syria in May 1948. Each invasion force basically entered Palestine on the nearest border. Fighting in the West Bank and around Jerusalem dominated this phase of the war. Jewish forces moved into Jerusalem to secure the western section of the city. To shore up this position, Israeli forces also tried to take Latrun, a hill to the north of Jerusalem. This proved unsuccessful. In other areas, the Israelis found greater success. Two Egyptian forces, one moving along the coast and the other across the Negev towards Jerusalem, were both halted. The Iraqi force was pushed back. Though Syrian and Lebanese forces made an advance into Israeli territories, Israelis made counter advances into Syrian and Lebanese territory. Fighting was brought to an end by a UN truce on June 11.

paragraphs: On July 9th, the Israelis launched a new series of operations against the Jordanians in the West Bank. The hope was to end the conflict in this front against what Israelis considered to be the most well-trained and armed Arab army, Transjordan's Arab Legion. The offensives were largely a success and although other Arab nations tried to take advantage of Israel's focus on the West Bank, their advances were small. This phase of the war ended with another truce on July 18, 1948.

paragraphs: With the Jordanians stuck in the West Bank, Israelis launched two more offensives on October 15th. These forced Egyptian forces out of the Negev Desert and pushed back Syrian and Lebanese forces into their own countries. Following these last offensives, the military part of the war ended. Still, it would take until January 7, 1949 for Israel to complete signing treaties with each warring nation.

paragraphs: Through the war, Israel gained a large amount of land. While the original separation lines gave about equal land to Jewish and Arab states, the treaty lines of 1949 gave Israel a much larger state, limiting Arab-controlled land to the small Gaza strip and a smaller West Bank (than in 1947. Yet, these were not controlled by any Palestinian government. Instead, Egypt controlled the small Gaza Strip while Jordan controlled the West Bank and Eastern Jerusalem.

paragraphs: An additional aspect to the aftermath of the war was the Palestinian refugee crisis. By the end of the war, there were approximately 720,000 refugees living in camps in Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, the West Bank, and the Gaza Strip. Although much of this can be attributed to war-time fear, some historians, like James Gelvin, assert that Israeli policy in Plan Dalet partially contributed to this crisis. The policy, which encouraged Israeli forces to seize Arab property in Jewish territory, exacerbated the refugee issue. As of 2015, the right of these refugees to return to their former homes or to receive reparations remains uncertain.


title: Dale D. Myers

paragraphs: Dale Dehaven Myers (January 8, 1922 – May 19, 2015) was an American aerospace engineer for NASA. He served as Deputy Administrator of NASA, serving between October 6, 1986 and May 13, 1989. He was well known for his work on the Apollo program.

paragraphs: Myers was born in Kansas City, Missouri. He graduated from the University of Washington in Seattle, Washington in 1943. He was married to Marge Myers and had two children. He lost his eye in a car accident.

paragraphs: Myers died on May 19, 2015 at his retirement home in La Costa, California. He was 93.


title: Shone An

paragraphs: An Jun Can (; 20 September 1983 – 1 June 2015), better known as Shone An, was a Taiwanese singer and actor. From 2002 until 2005, he was a member of the mandopop boy band Comic Boyz. He also appeared in many movie, television and theatre productions such as "Case Sensitive" (2011), "Rhapsody of Marriage" (2012) and "Turn Around" (2014). He was also a guest host on "100% Entertainment". He was born in Tainan.

paragraphs: Shone An died from liver cancer on 1 June 2015 in Tainan, aged 31.


title: Weddell seal

paragraphs: The Weddell seal is a seal that is common in Antarctica. It is named after James Weddell, who discovered it. Estimations are that there are half a million to a million of these animals left, which makes it the most common seal in Antarctica, after the Crabeater seal. During the winter, most Weddel seals do not migrate northwards. Instead, they keep open a hole in the ice, by gnawing it with their teeth.


title: Joan Kirner

paragraphs: Joan Elizabeth Kirner (née Hood; 20 June 1938 – 1 June 2015) was an Australian politician, educator and activist. She was a Labor Party member of the Parliament of Victoria from 1982 to 1994. She was the 42nd Premier of Victoria, serving from 10 August 1990 until 6 October 1992. She was also the 21st Deputy Premier of Victoria from 7 February 1989 until 10 August 1990, and Leader of the Opposition of Victoria from 6 October 1992 until March 1993.

paragraphs: Kirner was born in Essendon, Melbourne. She was married to Ronald George Kirner and had three children.

paragraphs: Kirner died from oesophageal cancer on 1 June 2015 in Melbourne, aged 76.


title: Sherborne

paragraphs: Sherborne is a market town in northwest Dorset, in South West England. It is on the River Yeo, east of Yeovil. The A30 road, which goes from London to Penzance, runs through the town.

paragraphs: The population of Sherborne parish was 9,523 in the 2011 census. 28.7% of the population is aged 65 or older.

paragraphs: Sherborne is best known for Sherborne Abbey, a historical building. It was a Saxon cathedral from the years 705–1075. It was a Benedictine abbey from the years 998–1539. Now it is a local church.

paragraphs: Sherborne also has two castles. One is ruins of a 12th century fortified palace.The second is a 16th century mansion named Sherborne Castle. It was built by Sir Walter Raleigh. Much of the old town is built from ochre-coloured stone. These include the abbey and many medieval and Georgian era buildings.


title: Rational root theorem

paragraphs: The Rational root theorem (or rational zero theorem) is a proven idea in mathematics. It says that if the coefficients of a polynomial are integers, then one can find all of the possible rational roots by dividing each factor of the constant term by each factor of the leading coefficient.

paragraphs: All of the possible rational roots are these: ±factors of a / ±factors of a

paragraphs: This only finds the rational roots. There may be imaginary roots. Other theorems, such as Descartes’ rule of signs, help find how many imaginary roots there are for a given equation.

paragraphs: Think about this polynomial: 15x + 2x – 10x + x – 8

paragraphs: Factors of the leading coefficient are: 15: ±1,±3,±5,±15

paragraphs: Factors of the constant are: -8: ±1,±2,±4,±8


title: Yaroslavl

paragraphs: Yaroslavl is a Russian city on the Volga River. It was founded in 1010. It is one of the largest cities in Russia. The city's centre is a World Heritage Site. It is one of the Golden Ring cities, a group of historic cities northeast of Moscow.


title: Lhasa

paragraphs: Lhasa (; ) is a city in Tibet. It is one of the highest cities in the world. It has many Tibetan Buddhist sites such as the Potala Palace, Jokhang and Norbulingka.


title: Qingdao

paragraphs: Qingdao is a Chinese city. It is an important seaport. The Tsingtao Brewery is the country's 2nd largest brewery.


title: Nearest-neighbor interpolation

paragraphs: Interpolation is a process which constructs a continuous function from a set of points. In nearest-neighbor interpolation, the idea is to use the value of the data point or measurement which is closest to the current point. The method is also known as proximal interpolation or, point sampling.


title: Battlefield Hardline

paragraphs: Battlefield Hardline is a first-person shooter video game. It is published by Electronic Arts. It was released in March 2015 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360 and Xbox One. Unlike the earlier games in the "Battlefield" series, "Hardline" is about crime, heist and police force, instead of military warfare.

paragraphs: Battlefield Hardline focuses on a different aspect of the first person shooter than the other games in its series while Battlefield 2,3, and 4 focus on the American and Russian military, Battlefield Hardline now focuses on the war on crime in America. The new game now features two different teams with cops and criminals. Both sides now receive guns and gadgets specific to their team. So while the criminal would get an AKM the cops will get a M16A3.

paragraphs: The game features a bunch of new game modes and a bunch of different maps.

paragraphs: A small hillbilly-like town focused around one big house in the middle of the map that is secretly a meth lab.

paragraphs: A big open downtown city of Miami; this map has many open streets and tall skyscrapers.

paragraphs: A big warehouse that has a secret underground marijuana farm that police are trying to seize.

paragraphs: A map representing the average bank which criminals try to rob. The map also consists of a parking garage and a few local stores.

paragraphs: A map that is centered around a swamp and an oil refinery.

paragraphs: A map focused on a big mansion which is on an island surrounded by ocean.

paragraphs: A map focused on a giant mansion which criminals are trying to loot.

paragraphs: A map centered around an apartment complex in a ghetto neighborhood.

paragraphs: The game features 4 classes; operator, mechanic, enforcer and professional. Each are good in their own areas.

paragraphs: A class whose primary weapons are assault rifles and carbines. Its secondary weapons consists of nine millimeter pistols. Its role in the game is as the medic of the team with gadgets like the medic bag to heal hurt teammates and the revive gadgets to bring dead teammates back to life. This class does especially well at medium to short range. The most notable weapons for this class are the M16A3, M416, AKM, and the G17.

paragraphs: A class whose primary weapons are sub-machine guns. Secondary weapons are revolvers. Its role in the game is to destroy enemy vehicles and heal friendly vehicles. It has gadgets such as the grenade launcher to hurt enemy cars and the repair tool to heal friendly cars. The mechanic works best at close range. The most notable weapons for the mechanic are the K10, MPX, and the .357 RS.


title: Bodrum Castle

paragraphs: Bodrum Castle (), formerly the Castle of St. Peter, is located in southwest Turkey in the port city of Bodrum (), was built from 1402 onwards, by the Knights Hospitaller as the "Castle of St. Peter" or "Petronium". The castle was completed in 1522. It was used as a jail in 19th century. There are 5 towers of Bodrum Castle.

paragraphs: The headquarters of the Knights Hospitaller were on the island of Rhodes. In 1402 their fortifications at İzmir fell to the Mongols under Tamerlane. Threatened by an invasion of the Seljuks they built the castle at Bodrum. Its location was the site of a fortification during the Doric Greek period. There was also a small Seljuk castle in the 11th century. The same promontory is also the probable site of the palace of Mausolos. He was the king of Caria. The construction of the castle began in 1404. It was fully fortified by 1460. Bodrum came under its final siege in 1522. At the time it was still strong enough to send men to Rhodes. After Rhodes fell, the castle surrendered.

paragraphs: The Museum of Underwater Archaeology is housed inside the castle. One of its displays is one of the world's oldest ships believed to come from the 6th century. Another is called the glass shipwreck due to the large number of bottles it was carrying.

paragraphs: "Bodream", Jean-Pierre Thiollet, Anagramme Ed., 2010.


title: Sharsheret (organization)

paragraphs: Sharsheret (Hebrew for “chain") is a national not-for-profit organization. It was created to support young Jewish women with breast cancer, or their families. It was founded by Rochelle Shoretz in 2001. Their headquarter is in Teaneck, New Jersey.


title: Nobutaka Machimura

paragraphs: He was Chief Cabinet Secretary in the government of Prime Minister Yasuo Fukuda from 2007 to 2008 and twice Minister for Foreign Affairs, in the cabinets of Junichiro Koizumi and Shinzō Abe. He resigned as the Speaker of the House of Representatives on April 21, 2015 after suffering from a stroke.

paragraphs: Machimure died from a cerebral infarction in Tokyo, aged 70.


title: Monte Irvin

paragraphs: Monford Merrill "Monte" Irvin (February 25, 1919 – January 11, 2016) was a former left fielder and right fielder in the Negro leagues and Major League Baseball (MLB).

paragraphs: He played with the Newark Eagles (1938–42, 46-48), New York Giants (1949–55) and Chicago Cubs (1956). He grew up in New Jersey and was a standout football player at Lincoln University. Irvin left Lincoln to spend several seasons in Negro league baseball. His career was interrupted by military service from 1943 to 1945.

paragraphs: Irvin died at his home in Houston, Texas from natural causes on January 11, 2016 at the age of 96.


title: Boyd K. Packer

paragraphs: Boyd Kenneth Packer (September 10, 1924 – July 3, 2015) was an American religious leader and former educator. He was the president of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).

paragraphs: Packer was born in Brigham City, Utah. He studied at Utah State University and at Brigham Young University. Packer was married to Donna Smith. They had ten children.

paragraphs: He served as Acting President of the Quorum of the Twelve from 1994 to 2008, and was an apostle and member of the Quorum of the Twelve from April 1970 until his death in July 2015.

paragraphs: Packer has served as a general authority of the church since 1961. Before his death, he was the second most senior apostle among the ranks of the church.

paragraphs: Packer died of natural causes at his home in Cottonwood Heights, Utah, aged 90.


title: Russell M. Nelson

paragraphs: Russell Marion Nelson (born September 9, 1924) is the 17th and current President of the The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) upon replacing Thomas S. Monson in January 2018. He was a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of the LDS Church. He is also a known cardiothoracic surgeon.

paragraphs: Currently, is the oldest living Mormon apostle.. In July 3, 2015, following the death of President Boyd K. Packer, Nelson became President of the Quorum.


title: Dallin H. Oaks

paragraphs: Dallin Harris Oaks (born August 12, 1932) is an American attorney, jurist, author, professor, public speaker, and religious leader. Since 1984, he has been a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).

paragraphs: He was president of Brigham Young University (BYU), a professor of law at the University of Chicago Law School and a justice of the Utah Supreme Court. Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, Oaks was considered by Republican U.S. presidential administrations to be part of the United States Supreme Court. Currently, he is the second most senior apostle in the church.

paragraphs: In January 2018, Oaks became President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles after Russell M. Nelson became President of the LDS Church.


title: M. Russell Ballard

paragraphs: Melvin Russell Ballard, Jr. (born October 8, 1928) has been a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) since 1985. As a member of the Quorum of the Twelve, Ballard is accepted by church members as a prophet, seer, and revelator. He is the fifth most senior apostle among the ranks of the church.


title: Robert D. Hales

paragraphs: Robert Dean Hales (August 24, 1932 – October 1, 2017) was a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). As a member of the Quorum of the Twelve, Hales was accepted by the church as a prophet, seer, and revelator. He was the seventh most senior apostle among the ranks of the church. He was born in New York City.

paragraphs: Hales died on October 1, 2017 at a hospital in Salt Lake City, Utah at the age of 85.


title: Richard G. Scott

paragraphs: Richard Gordon Scott (November 7, 1928 – September 22, 2015) was an American nuclear engineer and a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). He was the sixth most senior apostle among the ranks of the church.


title: Teaneck, New Jersey

paragraphs: Teaneck is a township in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. It is a suburb in the New York metropolitan area. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 39,776.


title: Michael Alfred Peszke

paragraphs: Michael Alfred Peszke (1932 – 17 May 2015) was a Polish-American psychiatrist and historian of the Polish Armed Forces in World War II. He published several monographs on the Polish Armed Forces in the West between the 1990s and 2010s.

paragraphs: Peszke was born in Dęblin, the son of Alfred Bartłomiej Peszke. After the outbreak of World War II and the Nazi and Soviet invasion of Poland, he and his parents evacuated to France and the United Kingdom. He was also educated in Ireland. He later moved to the United States in the 1950s. He was married to Alice and had two children.

paragraphs: Peszke died on 17 May 2015 in Wakefield, Rhode Island. He was 83.