title: Francis Tsai

paragraphs: Francis Tsai (1968 – April 23, 2015) was an American comic book artist, illustrator, author and conceptual artist. He was of Taiwanese and Japanese ancestry. Tsai also contributes covers and interior art for Marvel Comics.

paragraphs: Tsai provided interior artwork for a number of "Dungeons & Dragons" manuals for Wizards of the Coast, including "", "Monster Manual III", "d20 Future", "Races of Eberron", "Lost Empires of Faerûn", "Explorer's Handbook", "Tome of Magic: Pact, Shadow, and Truename Magic", "Power of Faerûn", and "d20 Future Tech".

paragraphs: He also worked on movies such as "Sucker Punch" and "TMNT - Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles".

paragraphs: In 2010, at the age of 42, Tsai was diagnosed with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's Disease. He died April 23, 2015.


title: Robert P. Casey

paragraphs: Robert Patrick "Bob" Casey, Sr. (January 9, 1932 – May 30, 2000) was an American politician from Pennsylvania. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as the 42nd Governor of Pennsylvania from 1987 to 1995. He previously served as a state senator (1963–68) and Auditor General of Pennsylvania (1969–77).

paragraphs: Casey died at the age of 68 from a rare disease called amyloidosis in Scranton, Pennsylvania.


title: Richard Corliss

paragraphs: Richard Nelson Corliss (March 6, 1944 – April 23, 2015) was an American movie critic. He was one of several editors of "Time" magazine who focused on movies, with occasional articles on other subjects. He created the widely used term "Drop Dead Gorgeous" in 1985 when describing Michelle Pfeiffer's performance in the movie, "Into the Night".

paragraphs: Corliss died in New York City, New York from a stroke, aged 71.


title: Władysław Bartoszewski

paragraphs: Władysław Bartoszewski (February 19, 1922 in Warsaw – April 24, 2015 in Warsaw) was a Polish politician, social activist, journalist, writer, historian, former Auschwitz concentration camp prisoner, World War II Resistance fighter, Polish underground activist, participant of the Warsaw Uprising, twice the Minister of Foreign Affairs, chevalier of the Order of the White Eagle, and an honorary citizen of Israel and a member of the International Honorary Council of the European Academy of Diplomacy.


title: Peter Howell (actor)

paragraphs: Peter Howell (1919 – 20 April 2015) was an English actor. He was known for his appearances on "Emergency – Ward 10", "The Avengers", "The Prisoner", "Doctor Who", "The Lord of the Rings", and "Yes Minister".

paragraphs: Howell was born in London. He died after a short illness on 20 April 2015 in Northwood, aged 95/96.


title: Rex Robinson (actor)

paragraphs: Rex Robinson (1926 – April 2015) was a British actor. He was best known for appearing in three "Doctor Who" serials in the 1970s, all directed by Australian Lennie Mayne. He also appeared in television series such as "Z-Cars", "The Onedin Line", "Within These Walls", "Terry and June", "The Professionals", "Only Fools and Horses", and "Yes Minister". He also appeared in the movie "" (1987).

paragraphs: Robinson was born in Derby, Derbyshire. He was married to actress Patricia Prior until his death. He died in April 2015, aged 89.


title: Lennie Mayne

paragraphs: Leonard Edward "Lennie" Mayne (8 November 1927 – 20 May 1977) was an Australian television director. He was best known for directed four "Doctor Who" serials, "The Curse of Peladon" (1972), "The Three Doctors" (1972), "The Monster of Peladon" (1974) and "The Hand of Fear" (1976). He also worked on television series such as "Warship" and "The Onedin Line". He was married to actress Frances Pidgeon.

paragraphs: Mayne died after drowning in a sailing accident on the English Channel in May 1977.


title: Call of Duty: Black Ops III

paragraphs: Call of Duty: Black Ops III is a first-person shooter video game. The "Call of Duty" game was developed by Treyarch and published by Activision. The game was announced on April 9, 2015 and was fully revealed on April 26, 2015. It was released on November 6, 2015 on Xbox One, PlayStation 4, Microsoft Windows and also on PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360.


title: Titan arum

paragraphs: The titan arum, "Amorphophallus titanum", is a flowering plant with the largest unbranched inflorescence in the world.

paragraphs: The titan arum's inflorescence is not as large as that of the talipot palm, "Corypha umbraculifera", but the inflorescence of the talipot palm is branched rather than unbranched.

paragraphs: Due to its odor, which is like the smell of a decomposing animal, the titan arum is called a 'carrion flower', or 'corpse flower', or 'corpse plant'. For the same reason, the name 'corpse flower' is also used for the genus "Rafflesia" which, like the titan arum, grows in the rainforests of Sumatra. The function of the smell is to attract insect pollinators.

paragraphs: Both male and female flowers grow in the same inflorescence. The female flowers open first, and only lasts (or is "receptive") about 12 to 24 hours. Then a day or two following, the male flowers open. This usually prevents the flower from self-pollinating.

paragraphs: The popular name "titan arum" was invented by the broadcaster and naturalist Sir David Attenborough for his BBC series "The Private Life of Plants", in which the flowering and pollination of the plant were filmed for the first time. Attenborough felt that calling the plant "Amorphophallus" on a popular TV documentary would be inappropriate.

paragraphs: The record size is 3.1 m (10 ft 2.25 in) tall.


title: Talipot palm

paragraphs: Corypha umbraculifera, the talipot palm, is a species of palm native to eastern and southern India and Sri Lanka. It is also in Cambodia, Myanmar (Burma), Thailand and the Andaman Islands.

paragraphs: It is one of the largest palms in the world. Individuals have reached up to 25 m (82 ft) with stems up to 1.3 m (4.25 ft) in diameter. It is a fan palm (Arecaceae tribe Corypheae), with large leaves up to 5 m (16 ft) in diameter, with a leaf stem up to 4 m (13 ft), and up to 130 leaflets.

paragraphs: The talipot palm bears the largest inflorescence of any plant, 6-8 m (20-26 ft) long, consisting of one to several million small flowers borne on a branched stalk at the top of the trunk. The talipot palm flowers only once, when it is 30 to 80 years old. It takes about a year for the fruit to mature, producing thousands of round, yellow-green fruit 3-4 cm (1.2-1.6 in) in diameter, each containing a single seed. The plant dies after fruiting.


title: Stand by Me Doraemon

paragraphs: Stand by Me Doraemon is a 2014 Japanese 3D animated movie. This movie also known as Doraemon 3D. It is based on the popular manga and anime series Doraemon. The movie was released in Japan on 8 August 2014.


title: Uherský Brod shooting

paragraphs: On 24 February 2015, a mass shooting happened at the restaurant in the town of Uherský Brod, Czech Republic. The gunman, 63-year-old Zdeněk Kovář, killed eight people and injured another. He was in the restaurant for around two hours ( 12:30 p.m.–14:23 p.m.) before the tactical team went into the building. After they entered the building, the gunman committed suicide (killed himself).


title: P-type semiconductor

paragraphs: A p-type semiconductor is a type of semiconductor. When the trivalent impurity is added to an intrinsic or pure semiconductor (silicon or germanium), then it is said to be a p-type semiconductor. Trivalent impurities such as Boron (B), Gallium (Ga), Indium(In), Aluminium(Al) etc are called acceptor impurity. Ordinary semiconductors are made of materials that do not conduct (or carry) an electric current very well but are not highly resistant to doing so. They fall half way between conductors and insulators. An electric current occurs when electrons move through a material. In order to move, there must be an electron 'hole' in the material for the electron to move into. A p-type semiconductor has more holes than electrons. This allows the current to flow along the material from hole to hole but only in one direction.

paragraphs: Semiconductors are most often made from silicon. Silicon is an element with four electrons in its outer shell. To make a p-type semiconductor extra materials like boron or aluminium are added to the silicon. These materials have only three electrons in their outer shell. When the extra material replaces some of the silicon it leaves a 'hole' where the fourth electron would have been if the semiconductor was pure silicon.

paragraphs: P-type semiconductors are made by doping the pure semiconductor material. The amount of impurity added is very small compared to the amount of semiconductor. The exact character of the semiconductor can be changed by varying the amount of 'dopant' that is added.In p type semiconductor the no.of holes is much larger than that of thermally generated electron.


title: Finger Plan

paragraphs: The Finger Plan () is an urban plan from 1947 which provides a strategy for the development of the Copenhagen metropolitan area in Denmark. According to the plan, all future development of Copenhagen would be along five 'fingers'. These grouped business areas would be near S-train commuter rail lines. The finger-line areas extend from the 'palm' which represents the dense urban area of central Copenhagen. Between the 'fingers', is land for agriculture and recreational use.

paragraphs: By the definition used in the Finger Plan, the metropolitan area has a population of 1,930,260 (1 October 2011). It has an area of over 34 municipalities.

paragraphs: In 2007 the Finger Plan was updated to the "Finger Plan 2007". This plan is written into the laws and is legally binding over Greater Copenhagen. The Finger Plan for 2007 does share the metropolitan area like this:


title: Mullumbimby, New South Wales

paragraphs: Mullumbimby is a town in New South Wales, Australia. It is sometimes called "The Biggest Little Town in Australia".


title: High Rock Lake

paragraphs: High Rock Lake is a reservoir lake located in Davidson and Rowan counties of North Carolina. It serves as a border between them. It is a reservoir for hydroelectric power generation. It is the northernmost of the Uwharrie Lakes. High Rock is the second largest lake in North Carolina after Lake Norman. Its water surface covers and there are of shoreline. High Rock Lake begins at the confluence of the Yadkin River and the South Yadkin River. The lake's name comes from nearby "High Rock Mountain", the tallest mountain in the Uwharrie Mountains. High Rock Lake is currently managed and operated by the Alcoa company.


title: Pee Dee River

paragraphs: The Pee Dee River, also called the Great Pee Dee River, is a river in North Carolina and South Carolina. It originates in the Appalachian Mountains in North Carolina. Its upper course, above the mouth of the Uwharrie River, is known as the Yadkin River. It has a number of dams for flood control and hydroelectric power. The lower part of the river is named Pee Dee (in colonial times written Pedee). It is named after the Native American Pee Dee people. The Pee Dee region of South Carolina was named after either the tribe or the river. The first Europeans believed to have navigated part of the river was a party sent by Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón in 1521. They named it "River of St. John the Baptist ()."


title: Savannah River

paragraphs: The Savannah River is a major river in the southeastern United States. It makes up most of the border between the states of South Carolina and Georgia. The Savannah River drainage basin extends into the southeastern side of the Appalachian Mountains just inside North Carolina. It is bounded by the Eastern Continental Divide. It is formed by the confluence of the Tugaloo River and the Seneca River. Today this confluence is under Lake Hartwell, a man-made reservoir. From Lake Hartwell to the Atlantic Ocean the Savannah River is long.

paragraphs: Two major cities are located along the Savannah River: Savannah, and Augusta, Georgia. They were the center of early English settlements during the Colonial period of American history. The Savannah River is tidal at Savannah. Downstream from there, the river widens into an estuary. Then it flows into the Atlantic Ocean. The area where the river's estuary meets the ocean is known as "Tybee Roads". The Intracoastal Waterway flows through a section of the Savannah River near the city of Savannah.


title: Dan Fredinburg

paragraphs: Daniel Paul Fredinburg (September 8, 1981 – April 25, 2015) was an American engineer and Google executive. He was a product manager and head of privacy at Google X. He was born in Mission Viejo, California. From January 2013 to February 2014, he dated actress Sophia Bush.

paragraphs: Fredinburg died on Mount Everest in an avalanche caused by the April 2015 Nepal earthquake. He was 33.


title: Sid Tepper

paragraphs: Sid Tepper (June 25, 1918 – April 24, 2015) was an American songwriter. He was best known for working with with Roy C. Bennett, which created several hits for Elvis Presley. Between 1945 and 1970, Tepper and Bennett published over 300 songs.

paragraphs: He died on April 24, 2015, at the age of 96.


title: George C. Young

paragraphs: George Cressler Young (né Jung; August 4, 1916 – April 24, 2015) was an American lawyer and judge. He was a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida. Young was born in Cincinnati, Ohio.

paragraphs: Young was reassigned to the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida on October 29, 1962. He served as chief judge from 1973 to 1981 and assumed senior status on October 19, 1981.

paragraphs: Young died of a heart attack in Orlando, Florida, aged 98.


title: Sabeen Mahmud

paragraphs: Sabeen Mahmud () was a Pakistani human rights activist and social NGO worker. She was the founder and director of the Karachi-based cafe The Second Floor (T2F) and president of the Karachi branch of TiE.

paragraphs: On 24 April 2015, she was shot dead by unidentified gunmen in Karachi while on her way home after attending a seminar.


title: Rustum Ghazaleh

paragraphs: Rustum Ghazaleh () also transl. from Arabic as Rostom Ghazale, Rustom Ghazalah, Rustom Ghazali; 3 May 1953 – 24 April 2015) was a Syrian military and intelligence officer. On 24 July 2012, Ghazaleh was appointed chief of political security.


title: Ismail Hussain

paragraphs: Ismail Hussain (1 April 1950 – 24 April 2015) was an Indian politician. He was a member of the Indian Parliament representing the Barpeta (Lok Sabha constituency) for the Indian National Congress party.


title: Jim Fanning

paragraphs: William James Fanning (September 14, 1927 – April 25, 2015) was an American catcher, manager and front office executive in Major League Baseball. He was born in Chicago, Illinois.

paragraphs: He was the first general manager of the Montreal Expos of the National League (appointed in August 1968), he served the Expos in a number of capacities for almost 25 years. He served as their field manager in 1981. He guided Montreal into the playoffs for the only time in the 36-year history of the franchise.

paragraphs: Fanning died on April 25, 2015, at his home in London, Ontario, aged 87.


title: Anton Vratuša

paragraphs: Anton Vratuša, born Vratussa Antal (21 February 1915 – 30 July 2017) was a former politician and diplomat. He was Prime Minister of Slovenia and Yugoslavia's ambassador to the United Nations. Vratuša died on 30 July 2017 at the age of 102.


title: Alfonso Oiterong

paragraphs: Alfonso Rebochong Oiterong (October 9, 1924 – August 30, 1994) was a politician from Palau. He was the country's Vice-President from 1981 to 1985. He was President from 2 July to 25 October 1985.


title: Ken Birch

paragraphs: Kenneth Joseph "Ken" Birch (31 December 1933 – 24 April 2015) was an English footballer. He played as a right-half for Everton and Southampton. Later, he led Welsh club Bangor City to victory in the Welsh Cup in 1962. He played from the 1951 until after 1963.

paragraphs: Birch was born in Birkenhead, Cheshire. He died on 24 April 2015, aged 81.


title: Wang Guozhen

paragraphs: Wang Guozhen (; 22 June 1956 – 26 April 2015) was a Chinese poet and painter. He began writing in 1985, and publishing in 1990. He released at least ten poetry books between 1990 and his death, most notably "Top Modem Chinese Poem: Wang Guozhen's 80 Poems in English Verse".

paragraphs: Wang was born in Beijing. His ancestral home was in Xiamen, Fujian. He graduated from Jinan University in 1982.

paragraphs: Wang died from liver cancer on 26 April 2015 in Beijing, aged 59.


title: Arrondissements of the Gironde department

paragraphs: There are 6 arrondissements in the Gironde department. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into "arrondissements", which may be translated into English as districts (in some cases, as boroughs). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.

paragraphs: If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.

paragraphs: Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

paragraphs: Since its creation, the Gironde department has had some changes:


title: Arrondissement of Arcachon

paragraphs: The arrondissement of Arcachon is an arrondissement of France. It is part of the Gironde "département". Its capital is the city of Arcachon.

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Arcachon was created on 6 December 2006, to begin on 1 January 2007, with four cantons taken from the "arrondissement" of Bordeaux.

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Arcachon is in southwestern Gironde, with an area of . It has 146,160 inhabitants and a population density of inhabitants/km².

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" is bordered to the north by the "arrondissement" of Lesparre-Médoc, to the northeast by the "arrondissement" of Bordeaux, to the southeast by the "arrondissement" of Langon, to the south by the Landes department and to the west by the Atlantic Ocean ("Gulf of Biscay").

paragraphs: After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements".

paragraphs: In the "arrondissement" of Arcachon, there is only one canton where not all their "communes" are in the "arrondissement": Les Landes des Graves. The following table shows the distribution of the "communes" in the cantons and "arrondissements":

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Arcachon has 17 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes):

paragraphs: The "communes" in the "arrondissement" with more inhabitants are:


title: Arrondissement of Blaye

paragraphs: The arrondissement of Blaye is an arrondissement of France. It is part of the Gironde "département" in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. Its capital is the city of Blaye.

paragraphs: When the Gironde department was created on 17 February 1800, the "arrondissement" of Blaye was part of that original department.

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Blaye is the smallest of the "arrondissements" of the Gironde department, with an area of . It is in northern part of the department and it has 88,115 inhabitants and a population density of inhabitants/km².

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Blaye is bordered to the north and northeast by the Charente-Maritime department, to the southeast by the "arrondissement" of Libourne, to the south by the "arrondissement" of Bordeaux and to the west by the "arrondissement" of Lesparre-Médoc. The Gironde estuary is to northwest of the "arrondissement".

paragraphs: In the "arrondissement" of Blaye, there are only two cantons:

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Blaye has 63 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes):


title: Arrondissement of Bordeaux

paragraphs: The arrondissement of Bordeaux is an arrondissement of France. It is part of the Gironde "département" in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. Its capital, and préfecture of the department, is the city of Bordeaux.

paragraphs: When the "arrondissements" of Gironde were created in 1800, Bordeaux was one of them in the Gironde department.

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Bordeaux is in the centre of the Gironde department and it has an area of , and a population of 921,668 inhabitants; its population density is of inhabitants/km².

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Bordeaux is surrounded by other "arrondissements" of the department. It is bordered to the north by the "arrondissement" Blaye, to the northeast by the "arrondissement" Libourne, to the southeast by the "arrondissement" Langon, to the southwest by the "arrondissement" Arcachon and to the northwest by the "arrondissement" Lesparre-Médoc.

paragraphs: In the "arrondissement" of Bordeaux, there are only two cantons where not all their "communes" are in the "arrondissement": L'Entre-deux-Mers and Le Sud-Médoc. The following table shows the distribution of the "communes" in the cantons and "arrondissements":

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Bordeaux has 82 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes):


title: Arrondissement of Langon

paragraphs: The arrondissement of Langon is an arrondissement of France. It is part of the Gironde "département" in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. Its capital is the city of Langon.

paragraphs: When the Gironde department was created on 17 February 1800, the "arrondissement" of Langon was part of that original department, with the name of "Arrondissement of Bazas".

paragraphs: When the subprefecture was moved in 1926 from Bazas to Langon, the name of the arrondissement was changed to "Langon".

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Langon is in the southeast of Gironde, with an area of , the largest of the "arrondissements" of the department. It has 130,911 inhabitants and a population density of inhabitants/km².

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" is bordered to the north by the "arrondissement" of Libourne, to the east by the Lot-et-Garonne department, to the south by the Landes department, to the west by the "arrondissements" of Arcachon and Bordeaux.

paragraphs: In the "arrondissement" of Langon, there are four cantons; only the canton of Le Sud-Gironde has all its "communes" in the "arrondissement". The following table shows the distribution of the "communes" in the cantons and "arrondissements":

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Langon has 197 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes):


title: Arrondissement of Lesparre-Médoc

paragraphs: The arrondissement of Lesparre-Médoc is an arrondissement of France. It is part of the Gironde "département" in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. Its capital is the city of Lesparre-Médoc.

paragraphs: When the Gironde department was created on 17 February 1800, the "arrondissement" of Lesparre-Médoc was part of that original department, with the name of "Arrondissement of Lesparre".

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" was dissolved on September 1926 but it was again an "arrondissement" on June 1942 but with the name of "Arrondissement of Lesparre-Médoc".

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Lesparre-Médoc is in the northwest of Gironde, with an area of , the second largest, after the "arrondissement" of Langon, of the "arrondissements" of the department. It has 86,560 inhabitants and a population density of inhabitants/km².

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" is bordered to the north by the Charente-Maritime department, to the east by the "arrondissements" of Blaye, to the southeast by the "arrondissement" of Bordeaux, to the south by the "arrondissement" of Arcachon and to the west by the Atlantic Ocean ("Gulf of Biscay").

paragraphs: After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements".

paragraphs: In the "arrondissement" of Lesparre-Médoc, there are only two cantons:

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Lesparre-Médoc has 50 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes):

paragraphs: The "communes" in the "arrondissement" with more inhabitants are:


title: Arrondissement of Libourne

paragraphs: The arrondissement of Libourne is an arrondissement of France. It is part of the Gironde "département" in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. Its capital is the city of Libourne.

paragraphs: When the Gironde department was created on 17 February 1800, the "arrondissement" of Libourne was part of that original department.

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Libourne is in the northeast of Gironde, with an area of . It has 152,602 inhabitants and a population density of inhabitants/km².

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" is bordered to the north by the Charente-Maritime department, to the east by the Dordogne department, to the southeast by the Lot-et-Garonne department, to the south by the "arrondissement" of Langon and to the west by the "arrondissements" of Bordeaux and Blaye.

paragraphs: In the "arrondissement" of Libourne, there are only two cantons where not all their "communes" are in the "arrondissement": Le Nord-Gironde and Le Réolais et Les Bastides. The following table shows the distribution of the "communes" in the cantons and "arrondissements":

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Libourne has 129 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes):


title: Bill Valentine

paragraphs: William Terry "Bill" Valentine, Jr. (November 21, 1932 - April 26, 2015) was an American professional baseball umpire. He worked in the American League from 1963 to 1968. Valentine was an umpire in the 1965 Major League Baseball All-Star Game. In his career, he umpired 947 Major League games.

paragraphs: Valentine died on April 26, 2015 in Little Rock, Arkansas, aged 82.


title: Tumbes

paragraphs: Tumbes is a city in Peru. It is the capital of Tumbes Region.


title: Piura

paragraphs: Piura is a city in Peru. It is the capital of Piura Region.


title: Sugar Land, Texas

paragraphs: Sugar Land is a city in Texas. It is in the big city area and Fort Bend County. It is one of the richest cities in Texas. It is growing very fast. It grew more than 158 percent in the last ten years. As of the 2010 census, its population was 78,817. It is here that Miss Teen USA Katie Blair lived during her freshmen, sophomore and junior years.


title: Chiclayo

paragraphs: Chiclayo is a city in Peru. It is the capital of Lambayeque Region. It has ten universities and six museums.


title: Trujillo

paragraphs: Trujillo is a city in Peru. It is the capital of La Libertad Region.


title: Huaraz

paragraphs: Huaraz is a city in Peru. It is the capital of Ancash Region.


title: Huacho

paragraphs: Huacho is a city in Peru. It is the capital of Lima Region.


title: Ica

paragraphs: Ica is a city in Peru. It is the capital of Ica Region.


title: Arequipa

paragraphs: Arequipa is a city in Peru. It is the capital of Arequipa Region.


title: Moquegua

paragraphs: Moquegua is a city in Peru. It is the capital of Moquegua Region.


title: Cajamarca

paragraphs: Cajamarca is a city in Peru. It is the capital of Cajamarca Region.


title: Huánuco

paragraphs: Huánuco is a city in Peru. It is the capital of Huánuco Region.


title: Cerro de Pasco

paragraphs: Cerro de Pasco is a city in Peru. It is the capital of Pasco Region.


title: Huancayo

paragraphs: Huancayo is a city in Peru. It is the capital of Junín Region.


title: Huancavelica

paragraphs: Huancavelica is a city in Peru. It is the capital of Huancavelica Region.


title: Ayacucho

paragraphs: Ayacucho is a city in Peru. It is the capital of Ayacucho Region.


title: Abancay

paragraphs: Abancay is a city in Peru. It is the capital of Apurímac Region.

paragraphs: Abancay is located at an elevation of above sea level in the southern Peruvian Andes, above the Pachachaca River, and straddles the Marino River.


title: Puno

paragraphs: Puno is a city in Peru. It is the capital of Puno Region.


title: Chachapoyas

paragraphs: Chachapoyas is a city in Peru. It is the capital of Amazonas Region.


title: Moyobamba

paragraphs: Moyobamba is a city in Peru. It is the capital of San Martín Region.


title: Pucallpa

paragraphs: Pucallpa is a city in Peru. It is the capital of Ucayali Region.


title: Puerto Maldonado

paragraphs: Puerto Maldonado is a city in Peru. It is the capital of Madre de Dios Region.


title: Brian Ferlin

paragraphs: Brian Ferlin (born June 3, 1992) is an American professional ice hockey right winger. He currently plays for the Boston Bruins of the National Hockey League (NHL).

paragraphs: Before playing in the NHL, Ferlin played parts of 2 years with the Indiana Ice of the United States Hockey League (USHL) and parts of 3 years of college hockey with the Cornell University Big Red. Ferlin won the Greg Ratushny Award for most promising freshman.

paragraphs: He was drafted 121st overall by the Boston Bruins in the 2011 NHL Entry Draft. On April 11, 2014, Ferlin signed a two-year entry-level contract with the Bruins. He began playing for their AHL-affiliate, the Providence Bruins.

paragraphs: On February 20, 2015, the Bruins called Ferlin up and he made his NHL debut in a 5-1 loss to the St. Louis Blues. On February 22, 2015, Ferlin recorded his first NHL point when he assisted a Gregory Campbell goal in a 6-2 win against the Chicago Blackhawks.


title: Jayson Megna

paragraphs: Jayson Megna (born February 1, 1990) is an American professional ice hockey center. He currently plays for the Colorado Avalanche of the National Hockey League. He also played for Pittsburgh Penguins, Vancouver Canucks, and New York Rangers of the (NHL). He was born in Fort Lauderdale, Florida and grew up in Northbrook, Illinois.

paragraphs: Before playing in the NHL, Megna played 2 seasons with the Cedar Rapids RoughRiders of the United States Hockey League (USHL) and half a year of college hockey with the University of Nebraska Omaha Mavericks. During his time with the Mavericks, Megna was named to the WCHA All-Rookie Team.

paragraphs: He was not drafted but he signed a two-way contract with the Pittsburgh Penguins on August 1, 2012. He was sent down to play for their AHL-affiliate, the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins.

paragraphs: The Penguins called Megna up on October 24, 2013. Megna made his NHL debut the next day in a 4-3 loss against the New York Islanders. On October 28, 2013, Megna recorded his first NHL point on a Tanner Glass goal and also scored his first NHL goal in a 3-1 win against the Carolina Hurricanes.

paragraphs: On July 10, 2014, the Penguins re-signed Megna to a one-year, two-way contract.


title: Mike Phillips (basketball)

paragraphs: Michael Charles "Mike" Phillips (March 24, 1956 – April 25, 2015) was an American basketball player. He played for teams such as Kentucky Wildcats and FC Barcelona between the 1970s and 1990.

paragraphs: Phillips was born in Akron, Ohio. He died after a fall at his home in Madisonville, Kentucky, aged 59.


title: Dickie Owen

paragraphs: Dickie Owen (26 March 1927 – 7 April 2015) was a British actor. He was known for his roles in "Chitty Chitty Bang Bang", "Z-Cars", "Zulu", "The Curse of the Mummy's Tomb" and "The Mummy's Shroud". He acted between 1959 to 1968. He died at the age of 88.


title: Ira Lewis

paragraphs: Ira Lewis Metsky (August 27, 1932 – April 7, 2015) was an American actor, writer, and playwright. He was best known for his one-act play, "Chinese Coffee", which opened at the Circle in the Square Theatre in 1992, starring Al Pacino. A movie adaptation of "Chinese Coffee", also starring Pacino, as well as Jerry Orbach, was released in 2000. His career started in 1955, and ended in 2004.

paragraphs: Lewis was born in Newark, New Jersey. He died from problems caused by open heart surgery in Edison, aged 82. At the time of his death, he was living in Westfield.


title: Vivian Nathan

paragraphs: Vivian Nathan (born Vivian Firko; October 26, 1916 – April 3, 2015) was an American actress. She was an original and founding member of the Actors Studio, which opened in 1947. She served on the Actors Studio's board of directors until 1999. She appeared in the original Broadway debut productions of "The Rose Tattoo" (1951) and "Camino Real" (1953). Her movie credits included "Klute" (1971).

paragraphs: Nathan was born in New York City, New York. Her husband, Nathan Schwalb, died in 2000 after 50 years of marriage.

paragraphs: Nathan died on April 3, 2015 in Englewood, New Jersey, aged 98.


title: Dishwashing liquid

paragraphs: Dishwashing liquid is liquid detergent. It is used for washing dishes. It is designed not to hurt people's skin while they are washing dishes. This liquid is useful for cleaning oil because dishwashing liquid reduces the surface tension of oil and, when washed with water, the oil can be washed away. It is also used to clean sea birds if they get covered in oil after a spill.

paragraphs: The main chemical in dishwashing liquid is phosphate.


title: Masudur Rahman Baidya

paragraphs: Masudur Rahman Baidya (1968 – 26 April 2015) was an Indian swimmer. He was the world's first physically handicapped swimmer to swim across the English Channel (1997), the Strait of Gibraltar (2001), and the Palk Strait (2010). He was a double amputee below the knees.

paragraphs: Baidya was born in Ballabhpur, North 24 Parganas, West Bengal. He has married and had two daughters.

paragraphs: Baidya died from a heart attack on 26 April 2015 in Kolkata, aged 46.


title: Catherine Bach

paragraphs: Catherine Bach (born March 1 1954) is an American actress. She acted as Daisy Duke in "The Dukes of Hazzard". She also played Linda in "Murder in Peyton Place".


title: Gordon Moyes

paragraphs: Gordon Keith Mackenzie Moyes (17 November 1938 – 5 April 2015) was an Australian Christian evangelist, broadcaster and politician. From 3 September 2002 to 4 March 2011, he was a member of the New South Wales Legislative Council, first for the Christian Democratic Party until March 2009. From November 2009, he was the Family First Party's only parliamentary representative in New South Wales.

paragraphs: Moyes was born in Melbourne, Victoria. He was married and had four children.

paragraphs: Moyes died on 5 April 2015 in Sydney, aged 76.


title: Christine Stewart

paragraphs: Christine Susan Stewart (January 3, 1941 – April 25, 2015) was a Canadian politician for the Liberal Party of Canada. She was member of the Canadian Parliament for Northumberland from 1988 to 2000.

paragraphs: Stewart was born in Hamilton, Ontario. She was also a nurse and graduated from the University of Toronto.

paragraphs: Stewart died on April 25, 2015 in Cobourg, aged 74.


title: Hojatollah Khatib

paragraphs: Hojatollah Khatib (; 1954 – 26 April 2015) was an Iranian sports administrator. He was the chairman of multisport club Persepolis Athletic and Cultural Club based in Tehran between July 2004 and December 2005. He was also a wrestling president. He died from cancer in Tehran, aged 61.


title: Izatullo Khayoyev

paragraphs: Izatullo Khayoyev (; 22 June 1936 – 26 April 2015) was a Tajik politician. He was the Vice-President of Tajikistan between December 1990 and 25 June 1991 and Prime Minister of Tajikistan between 25 June 1991 and 9 January 1992. He served as Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic from 4 January 1986 until 6 December 1990.

paragraphs: Khayoyev died on 26 April 2015 in Dushanbe, aged 78.


title: Macaé Esporte Futebol Clube

paragraphs: Macaé Esporte Futebol Clube (or Macaé E.F.C.) is a football club which plays in Brazil.


title: Bill Farmer

paragraphs: William "Bill" Farmer (born November 14, 1952) is an American voice actor, impressionist and comedian. He is best known for being the current voice of the Disney character Goofy, since 1986. He also voices Pluto, Horace Horsecollar and many other Disney characters. He was born in Pratt, Kansas. At age 10 he was already doing voice impressions. While in college he worked in radio and TV. He worked as a stand-up comedian. In late 1986 he was one of hundreds of voice actors competing for a few roles at Disney studios. He got the voice acting job for Goofy, one of his favorite characters growing up. He has been the voice of Goofy ever since. In 2009 Farmer was named a Disney Legend.


title: Marcel Pronovost

paragraphs: Joseph Rene Marcel Pronovost (June 15, 1930 – April 26, 2015) was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman and coach. He played in 1,206 games over 20 National Hockey League (NHL) seasons and for the Detroit Red Wings and Toronto Maple Leafs between 1950 and 1970.

paragraphs: Pronovost died on April 26, 2015, after a brief illness, aged 84.


title: Don Mankiewicz

paragraphs: Don Martin Mankiewicz (January 20, 1922 – April 25, 2015) was an American screenwriter and novelist. He was born in Berlin, Germany. He was the son of Sara (Aaronson) and the screenwriter Herman J. Mankiewicz. His 1955 novel "Trial" won the Harper Prize and was made into a movie of the same name.

paragraphs: Mankiewicz died of congestive heart failure in Monrovia, California, aged 93.


title: Émile Bouchard

paragraphs: Joseph Émile Alcide "Butch" Bouchard, CM, CQ (September 4, 1919 – April 14, 2012) was a Canadian ice hockey player who played defence with the Montreal Canadiens in the National Hockey League from 1941 to 1956. He is a member of the Hockey Hall of Fame, won four Stanley Cups, was captain of the Canadiens for eight years and was voted to the NHL All-Star Team four times.


title: Henri Richard

paragraphs: Joseph Henri Richard (February 29, 1936 – March 6, 2020) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. He played centre with the Montreal Canadiens in the National Hockey League (NHL) from 1955 to 1975.

paragraphs: Richard died on March 6, 2020 in Laval, Quebec of Alzheimer's disease-related problems, aged 84.


title: Inês Etienne Romeu

paragraphs: Inês Etienne Romeu (1942 – April 27, 2015) was a Brazilian political prisoner. She was held in extrajudicial detention in a Brazilian torture camp in the early 1970s. Romeu has been described as the sole captive to survive the camp.

paragraphs: Romeu died in Niterói, Brazil at the age of 72.


title: Larry Langford

paragraphs: Larry Paul Langford (March 17, 1946 – January 8, 2019) was an American politician and convicted criminal. He was the mayor of the city of Birmingham, Alabama serving from 2007 to 2009. He was serving a 15-year federal felony sentence at the time of his death.

paragraphs: He previously served on the Jefferson County, Alabama, Commission, including four years as the first African-American commission president. He also served as mayor of Fairfield, Alabama, and served one term on the Birmingham City Council.

paragraphs: Langford was a well-known television personality, having worked for then-local ABC affiliate, WBRC TV as the community's first African-American TV news reporter. In 2010, Langford began serving a 15-year federal felony sentence, the result of a highly publicized public corruption trial in Tuscaloosa, Alabama.

paragraphs: On April 27, 2015, Langford transported from his prison in Ashland, Kentucky to a hospital due to a case of pneumonia. Langford was rejected for an early release after describing himself as "terminally-ill".

paragraphs: He was granted compassionate release from prison in December 2018 due to his failing health and was hospitalized for respiratory failure and pneumonia in Birmingham. Langford died on January 8, 2019 at the hospital in Birmingham from complications of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, aged 72.


title: Logistic Regression

paragraphs: Logistic Regression, also known as "Logit Regression" or "Logit Model", is a mathematical model used in statistics to estimate (guess) the probability of an event occurring having been given some previous data. Logistic Regression works with binary data, where either the event happens (1) or the event does not happen (0). So given some feature x it tries to find out whether some event y happens or not. So y can either be 0 or 1. In the case where the event happens, y is given the value 1. If the event does not happen, then y is given the value of 0. For example, if y represents whether a sports team wins a match, then y will be 1 if they win the match or y will be 0 if they do not. This is known as "Binomial Logistic Regression". There is also another form of Logistic Regression which uses multiple values for the variable y. This form of Logistic Regression is known as "Multinomial Logistic Regression".

paragraphs: Logistic Regression uses the logistic function to find a model that fits with the data points. The function gives an 'S' shaped curve to model the data. The curve is restricted between 0 and 1, so it is easy to apply when y is binary. Logistic Regression can then model events better than linear regression, as it shows the probability for y being 1 for a given x value. Logistic Regression is used in statistics and machine learning to predict values of an input from previous test data.

paragraphs: Logistic regression is an alternative method to use other than the simpler Linear Regression. Linear regression tries to predict the data by finding a linear – straight line – equation to model or predict future data points. Logistic regression does not look at the relationship between the two variables as a straight line. Instead, Logistic regression uses the natural logarithm function to find the relationship between the variables and uses test data to find the coefficients. The function can then predict the future results using these coefficients in the logistic equation.

paragraphs: Logistic regression uses the concept of odds ratios to calculate the probability. This is defined as the ratio of the odds of an event happening to its not happening. For example, the probability of a sports team to win a certain match might be 0.75. The probability for that team to lose would be 1 – 0.75 = 0.25. The odds for that team winning would be 0.75/0.25 = 3. This can be said as the odds of the team winning are 3 to 1.

paragraphs: The natural logarithm of the odds ratio is then taken in order to create the logistic equation. The new equation is known as the logit:

paragraphs: In Logistic regression the Logit of the probability is said to be linear with respect to x, so the logit becomes:

paragraphs: Using the two equations together then gives the following:

paragraphs: This final equation is the logistic curve for Logistic regression. It models the non-linear relationship between x and y with an ‘S’-like curve for the probabilities that y =1 - that event the y occurs. In this example a and b represent the gradients for the logistic function just like in linear regression. The logit equation can then be expanded to handle multiple gradients. This gives more freedom with how the logistic curve matches the data. The multiplication of two vectors can then be used to model more gradient values and give the following equation:

paragraphs: In this equation w = [ w , w , w , ... , w ] and represents the n gradients for the equation. The powers of x are given by the vector x = [ 1 , x , x , .. , x ] . These two vectors give the new logit equation with multiple gradients. The logistic equation then can then be changed to show this:

paragraphs: This is then a more general logistic equation allowing for more gradient values.


title: Mary Jane Veloso

paragraphs: Mary Jane Veloso (born 1984/85) is a Filipino maid. She was arrested and sentenced to death for apparently smuggling 2.6 kg of heroin into Indonesia. She was denied a pardon many times. She also said that she was innocent, and worked in Malaysia and Dubai, United Arab Emirates.

paragraphs: Veloso was born in Nueva Ecija, Luzon. She was also once married and has two children.


title: Princess Charlotte of Cambridge

paragraphs: Princess Charlotte of Cambridge (Charlotte Elizabeth Diana; born 2 May 2015) is a member of the British royal family. She is the daughter of Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, and Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge. She is the granddaughter of Charles, Prince of Wales. She is the great-granddaughter of Queen Elizabeth II. She was born at St Mary's Hospital in Paddington, London. Her mother's pregnancy was announced on 8 September 2014 by Clarence House. From birth, she was the fourth in line to succeed the Queen, Elizabeth II, after her grandfather, father, and older brother, Prince George of Cambridge. She is the first member of the royal family born after the change to the law on 26 March 2015 which removes gender from consideration in succession. Meaning she is higher in the line of succession than her younger brother, Prince Louis, the first time a female royal has been in that position.


title: Andrew Lesnie

paragraphs: Andrew Lesnie (1956 – 27 April 2015) was an Australian movie cinematographer. He was best known as the cinematographer for "The Lord of the Rings" trilogy (2001–2003) and its prequel "The Hobbit" trilogy (2012–2014), both directed by New Zealand director Peter Jackson. He received the Academy Award for Best Cinematography for his work on "" in 2002. He also worked on "I Am Legend" (2007) and "The Water Diviner" (2014).

paragraphs: Lesnie was born in Sydney, New South Wales. He died from a heart attack on 27 April 2015 in Sydney, aged 59.


title: Tommy Shane Steiner

paragraphs: Tommy Shane Steiner (born October 9, 1973 in Austin, Texas) is an American country music artist. He made his in 2001 with the single "What If She's an Angel". The song reached No. 2 on the "Billboard" Hot Country Singles & Tracks charts. It was the first of three chart singles from his singular album "Then Came the Night" which was released in 2002. The album peaked at No. 6 on the Country Albums chart.


title: Environmental migration

paragraphs: Environmental migration is a form of migration which happens because the environment changes where people live. These changes can be sudden (such as floods, droughts, earthquakes or volcanic eruptions), or they can happen over longer periods of time. An example of changes that occur only slowly are those of desertification or the rise of the sea level.

paragraphs: People migrate due to the changes in their environment, and the find a new home. Did you know that Chinese people just migrated when there was the Coronavirus in China.

paragraphs: Despite problems in formulating a uniform and clear-cut definition of environmental migration, such a concept has increased as an issue of concern in the 2000s as policy-makers, environmental and social scientists attempt to conceptualize the potential societal effects of climate change and general environmental degradation. "Unless it is assumed" in order to consider a person a climate refugee, nature or the environment could be considered the persecutor.


title: Economic migration

paragraphs: Sometimes people move to a different county or region, because they think that they are economically better off. Economic migration happens for different reasons, for example:


title: Ms. Jackson

paragraphs: "Ms. Jackson" is a song by American alternative hip hop duo Outkast. The song was released in October 2006 . It was the second single on their fourth studio album "Stankonia". During an interview with "Vibe", André 3000 said about creating the song: "'Ms. Jackson' was an acoustic guitar song that I was doing at home. Then I just converted it over into something people could understand a little bit more."

paragraphs: On the "Billboard" charts, "Ms. Jackson" was able to peak at #1 on Hot 100, #1 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, and at #13 on the Mainstream Top 40 charts.

paragraphs: In 2006, the song won a Grammy Award in the category of Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group.


title: Keith Harris (ventriloquist)

paragraphs: Keith Shenton Harris (21 September 1947 – 28 April 2015) was an English ventriloquist.

paragraphs: Harris was best known for his television show (which ran between 1982 and 1990), audio recordings, and club appearances with his puppets Orville the Duck and Cuddles the Monkey. He had a UK Top 10 hit single in 1982 with "Orville's Song". He appeared in "When Louis Met..." with Louis Theroux. He won the second series of "The Farm" in 2005.

paragraphs: Harris was born in Lyndhurst, Hampshire. He was raised in Blacon, Cheshire. He was married four times and had three children.

paragraphs: Harris died from cancer of the spleen on 28 April 2015 in Blackpool, Lancashire, aged 67.


title: S-train

paragraphs: The S-train (, ) is an urban rail network which serves Copenhagen, Denmark and the surrounding area. It connects the city center to its suburbs. The railway they use is called S-banen (The S-track). The S-train is operated by DSB (). The S-track has a length of about . There are 84 Railway stations, where 32 of the stations are in the central area.

paragraphs: On weekdays all stations are served at least every 10 minutes until the evening. There are six main lines. There is one peak hour support line. Since most lines use the same path through the city core, train departures every second minute. On most suburb lines trains depart every five minutes. On Sundays these time intervals are doubled. Most trains have 8 cars but more can be added as needed. There are a total of 120 8-car trains.


title: Princess Gabriella, Countess of Carladès

paragraphs: Princess Gabriella of Monaco, Countess of Carladès ("Gabriella Thérèse Marie"; born 10 December 2014), is the twin daughter of Prince Albert II and Princess Charlene. She is second in line to the throne of Monaco. She was born at The Princess Grace Hospital Centre in Monaco. She was born two minutes before her twin brother, Hereditary Prince Jacques. She was granted the title Countess of Carladès by her father.


title: Templers (religious believers)

paragraphs: Templers are members of the Temple Society (). It is a German Protestant sect. Their roots are in the Pietist movement of the Lutheran Church. The Templers were expelled from the church in 1858. This was because of their millennial beliefs. Their aim was to realize the apocalyptic visions of the prophets of Israel in the Holy Land.

paragraphs: Christoph Hoffmann founded the Temple society in 1861. He had 60 followers when they left the Wuerttemberg state (Lutheran) church. Hoffmann believed his calling was to build Christian communities in the Holy land. They founded Templer communities at Haifa (1869), Sarona (1871) and Rephaim near Jerusalem (1873).


title: Capitalist Party

paragraphs: The Capitalist Party (Norwegian: "Liberalistene") is a political party in Norway that believes in Classical Liberalism. This platform pushes for a minimal government, personal liberty, and a free market.


title: Briard

paragraphs: The Briard (or Berger de Brie, Shepherd (dog) from Brie) is a French kind of dog. Originally, the Briard was used for herding livestock. The Briard is an old race of dogs, which is mentioned in a manuscript of the 14th century (about hunting). The Briards exist in different colors, the most common ones are pale brown and black. The Briard is a long-haired breed of dog; the short-haired Beauceron is probably the same race. The Briard is a working dog breed; it has also been used as a search-and-rescue dog, and in certain roles as a therapy dog, for example to help people with certain conditions, such as those with Post-traumatic stress disorder.


title: ARCNET

paragraphs: Attached Resource Computer NETwork (abbreviated ARCNET or ARCnet) is a communications protocol for local area networks. ARCNET was the first widely available networking system for microcomputers; it became popular in the 1980s for office automation tasks. It was later applied to embedded systems where certain features of the protocol are especially useful. It was first used in 1977. Arcnet uses a star-like topology, which is much easier to build and maintain than the bus topologies of other protocols developed later, such asEthernet. Original arcnet used coaxial cables, and a token-passing mechanism, much like token ring. At about 20 MBit/s maximum speed, ARCnet is much slower than other network protocols, such as ethernet. Because of its token-passing mechanisms, there are no collisions between packets. This makes it suitable for certain industrial applications, as well as for ohme automation, where it is still used.


title: Suzanne Crough

paragraphs: Suzanne J. Crough (March 6, 1963 – April 27, 2015) was an American actress best known for her role as Tracy Partridge, from the hit television sitcom "The Partridge Family", which ran from September 25, 1970 until March 23, 1974.

paragraphs: Crough was born in Fullerton, California. She was married and had two daughters.

paragraphs: Crough died on April 27, 2015 at her home in Laughlin, Nevada from cardiomyopathy, aged 52.


title: Candice Swanepoel

paragraphs: Candice Susan Swanepoel is a South African model.

paragraphs: In 2010, Swanepoel became a Victoria's Secret Angel. In 2013, she wore the "Royal Fantasy Bra", a multi-million dollar bra, during their annual fashion show.


title: Airbus A320neo family

paragraphs: The Airbus A320neo family is a new family of the Airbus A320 family being designed by the European aerospace company Airbus. The letters "neo" stand for "New Engine Option." The family will replace the Airbus A320 family of airplanes. It will be able to carry 160-240 passengers. The aircraft had its first flight on 25 September 2014.


title: 2015 Baltimore protests

paragraphs: The 2015 Baltimore unrest (also known as the Baltimore uprising) were protests that began on April 25, 2015 in Baltimore, Maryland. The protests happened in response to the death of an African American man named Freddie Gray. Gray was 25 years old. He lived in Baltimore. He had been arrested for having a switchblade. He was in good health when he was arrested. Later, he had injuries to his spine and larynx as a result of being improperly secured in the police fan, ultimately leading to a coma. He died the following week.

paragraphs: Over 200 people were arrested. A state of emergency was declared in Baltimore. The city was later put under curfew.


title: Scarborough, Western Australia

paragraphs: Scarborough is a coastal suburb on the northern beaches of Perth, Western Australia.

paragraphs: Scarborough Beach is a popular beach in Western Australia. The beach has white sand made of sea shells and limestone. This makes the sand fine, not coarse. There is seaweed and reefs further out into the ocean waters.

paragraphs: To the south is Brighton Beach, and further to the north is Trigg Beach. Scarborough has full-time surfing and lifeguard volunteers present, throughout the warm and hot summer months.


title: Guy LeBlanc

paragraphs: Guy LeBlanc (October 16, 1960 – April 27, 2015) was a Canadian keyboardist and composer. He led his own progressive rock band Nathan Mahl. He also had been a member of the British progressive band Camel from 2000 until his death.

paragraphs: LeBlanc was born in Moncton, New Brunswick. He was married and had children.

paragraphs: LeBlanc died from kidney cancer on April 27, 2015, aged 54.


title: Antônio Abujamra

paragraphs: Antônio Abujamra (15 September 1932 – 28 April 2015) was a Brazilian theatre and television director and actor. His notable works included "Carlota Joaquina, Princess of Brazil" (1995), "Terra Nostra" (1999), "" (2000), "Começar de Novo" (2004), "Poder Paralelo" (2009), "Assalto ao Banco Central" (2011), "Brichos – A Floresta é Nossa" (2012) and "Corações Feridos" (2012)

paragraphs: Abujamra was born in 1932 in Ourinhos, São Paulo. He was of Lebanese ancestry. He majored in journalism and philosophy at the Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul in 1957. His son is musician André Abujamra (born 1965).

paragraphs: Abujamra died from a heart attack on 28 April 2015 in São Paulo, aged 82.


title: Seed drill

paragraphs: A seed drill is a sowing device that sows the seed precisely in the soil at proper depth and distance. Then it covers them with soil. It protects the seeds from birds and saves time and labour.

paragraphs: Jethro Tull is widely thought of as having invented the seed drill, though earlier the Sumerians used a single-tube seed drill, and the Chinese had also used a multi-tube seed drill. The use of a seed drill can improve the ratio of crop yield (seeds harvested per seed planted) by as much as nine times.


title: Behaviour therapy

paragraphs: Behaviour therapy is used for a number of methods of psychotherapy. Ivan Pavlov found that it is possible to "learn" how to react to a stimulus. His method is known as classical conditioning today. Behaviour therapy tries to use this knowledge to change the behaviour of people. In that way, people "learn" how to cope with their fears, for example. In a similar manner, people can be helped to cope with a number of mental disorders. One well known kind of behaviour therapy is exposure therapy: People with fears are "exposed" to them, and learn how to cope. As an example, someone who is afraid of spiders will be exposed to spiders.


title: Marie Thérèse Louise of Savoy, Princesse de Lamballe

paragraphs: Princess "Marie Louise" Thérèse of Savoy ("Maria Luisa Teresa"; 8 September 1749 – 3 September 1792) was born a Princess of Savoy. She was later married to Louis Alexandre de Bourbon a member of the House of Bourbon. In France she was known as the "princesse de Lamballe". She was a close friend of Queen Marie Antoinette. She, like the queen, was killed in the French Revolution. There was national hatred of the Italian-born princess who, along with the Duchess of Polignac, were part of the queen's inner circle.

paragraphs: Maria Luisa was born in Turin in 1749. She was the daughter of a Prince of Carignan at the "Palazzo Carignano". She was the sixth of eight children. Her father was a distant cousin of King Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia Maria Luisa's mother was a sister of the late Queen Polyxena.

paragraphs: On 31 January 1767, she married by proxy Louis Alexandre, Prince of Lamballe. He was a grandson of Louis XIV's legitimised son, Louis Alexandre, Count of Toulouse. Louis was the only surviving son of Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, Duke of Penthièvre. She had arranged the marriage. During plans for her marriage she was known as "Mademoiselle de Carignan" in France.

paragraphs: In 1768, at the age of nineteen, Marie Louise became a widow. Her husband died of a venereal disease at the Château de Louveciennes. He was known to have been fairly promiscuous and had many sexual partners. His widow inherited her husband's considerable fortune, adding to her wealth. She kept her title of duchess in her own right. Her husband was buried at the Chapel of Dreux outside Paris.

paragraphs: After the death of her husband she moved to Paris. She soon became a lady in waiting to Marie Antoinette, the new Dauphine. When Marie Antoinette became queen, Marie Louise became head of her royal household. She became a very close friend of the queen. During the decline of the monarchy she remained loyal to the queen. In 1789 the royal family was forced to leave the royal palace at Versailles. Marie Louise remained with them. She was in Bath, England but returned to Paris. When the palace was stormed in 1792, the royal family was arrested. Marie Louise was separated from the queen and sent to the prison at La Force. On September 3rd she was brought before a tribunal. It was demanded she sign an oath of loyalty to the New Republic. She also had to denounce the queen and the royal family. Marie Louise refused. She was taken into the streets and murdered. Her head was placed on a spike and displayed before the queen in her prison cell. Her head was buried with her body at the foundling's cemetery.

paragraphs: She used the name "Maria Luisa' or "Marie Louise" in French. As a daughter of the Prince of Carignan, she is often "incorrectly" given the surname of Savoy-Carignan. That is incorrect as she was born a princess of the Duchy of Savoy and a daughter of a Prince of Carignan. The title was merely a courtesy title having no legal jurisdiction over Carignan which was known in .


title: Otakar Krámský

paragraphs: Otakar Krámský (1 July 1959 – 25 April 2015) was a Czech hillclimbing racecar driver. He began his career during the early 1970s. He won three European Hill Climb Championship.

paragraphs: Krámský died after his racecar crashed during a race in Styria, Austria, aged 55.


title: Jean Nidetch

paragraphs: Jean Nidetch (born Jean Evelyn Slutsky, October 12, 1923 – April 29, 2015) was an American businesswoman. She was the co-founder of the Weight Watchers organization. She founded the organization in 1963.

paragraphs: Nidetch died on April 29, 2015, in Parkland, Florida at age 91.


title: Rodrigo Gularte

paragraphs: Rodrigo Muxfeldt Gularte (13 July 1972, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil – 29 April 2015, Central Java, Indonesia) was a Brazilian drug-trafficker. He was executed in Indonesia by firing squad for drug trafficking after being sentenced in 2006.


title: Jack Ely

paragraphs: Jack Ely (September 11, 1943 – April 27, 2015) was an American guitarist and singer. He was best known for singing the Kingsmen's version of "Louie Louie". Ely was born in Portland, Oregon.

paragraphs: Ely died at his Oregon farm residence on April 27, 2015 age 71, having long suffered from an unknown illness. "Because of his religious beliefs, we’re not even sure what it [the illness] was," his son Sean Ely said.


title: Verne Gagne

paragraphs: Laverne Clarence "Verne" Gagne (February 26, 1926 – April 27, 2015) was an American professional wrestler, football player, wrestling trainer, and wrestling promoter. He was the owner and promoter of the Minneapolis, Minnesota-based American Wrestling Association (AWA). He remained in this position until 1991, when the company folded.

paragraphs: On January 26, 2009, Gagne got into an altercation with Helmut Gutmann, a 97-year-old resident of the Bloomington, Minnesota facility where they both resided. According to Gutmann's widow, who was not present during the altercation, Gagne picked Gutmann up and hurled him to the floor, then broke his hip by pulling back on his body. Gutmann was admitted to the hospital, and died on February 14 from complications of the injury.

paragraphs: On February 25, 2009, the older man's death was officially ruled a homicide by the Hennepin County medical examiner's office.

paragraphs: On the night of April 27, 2015, Gagne died in Bloomington, Minnesota at the age of 89 from Alzheimer's disease.


title: Xu Guangxian

paragraphs: Xu Guangxian (; November 7, 1920 – April 28, 2015), was a Chinese chemist and academician of the Chinese Academy of Science. He was former president of the Chinese Chemical Society. He was known as "The Father of Chinese Rare Earths Chemistry".


title: Gene Fullmer

paragraphs: Gene Fullmer (July 21, 1931 – April 27, 2015) was an American middleweight boxer and world champion. Fullmer began his professional career in 1951 and won his first 29 fights, 19 by knockout. His manager during many years of his career was his mentor, Marv Jensen, who encouraged many youth in West Jordan, Utah, to enter boxing as amateurs.

paragraphs: On April 27, 2015, Fullmer died at the age of 83 in his home in West Jordan, Utah surrounded by friends and family.


title: Calvin Peete

paragraphs: Calvin Peete (July 18, 1943 – April 29, 2015) was an American professional golfer. He was the most successful African-American on the PGA Tour, with 12 wins, before Tiger Woods. Peete was born in Detroit, Michigan.

paragraphs: Peete died after a long battle with lung cancer, in Atlanta, Georgia on April 29, 2015, aged 71.


title: René Féret

paragraphs: René Féret (26 May 1945 – 28 April 2015) was a French actor, screenwriter, movie director and producer. He was known for his movie "Solemn Communion".


title: Ashura Hara

paragraphs: On April 28, 2015, Hara died from pneumonia in a hospital in Isahaya, Nagasaki.


title: Charles Martel

paragraphs: Charles Martel (c. 688 – 22 October 741) was a Frankish statesman and military leader who was Duke and Prince of the Franks. He was also Mayor of the Palace. Martel was the de facto ruler of Francia from 718 until his death. Martel was the illegitimate son of the Frankish statesman Pepin of Herstal. His mother was a noblewoman named Alpaida. Martel successfully asserted his claims as successor to his father as Mayor of the Palace. He continued and built on his father's work. He began the series of military campaigns that re-established Frankish power in Gaul. In foreign wars, Martel defeated and ruled Bavaria, Alemannia, and Frisia. He defeated the Saxons, and halted the Islamic advance into Western Europe at the Battle of Tours in 732.

paragraphs: Martel is considered to be the founding figure of the European Middle Ages. He was skilled as an administrator and warrior. Martel is often credited with a key role in the development of feudalism and knighthood. He was a great patron of Saint Boniface. Martel made the first attempt at reconciliation between the Papacy and the Franks. The Pope wished him to become the defender of the Holy See and offered him the Roman consulship. Martel refused the offer.

paragraphs: Although Martel never assumed the title of king, he divided Francia, like a king, between his sons Carloman and Pepin. The latter became the first of the Carolingians, the family of Charles Martel, to become king. Martel's grandson, Charlemagne, extended the Frankish realms to include much of the West. Charlemagne became the first Emperor since the fall of Rome. On the basis of his achievements, Martel laid the groundwork for the Carolingian Empire.


title: Deng Minghe

paragraphs: Deng Minghe (; 8 June 2006 – 28 April 2015) was a Chinese actor of yu opera. He was best known for opening the 2012 "CCTV New Year's Gala" on China Central Television (CCTV), performing a folk song. He also appeared in the Henan Television series "Liyuanchun" in 2010. He was born in Handan, Hebei.

paragraphs: Deng died from leukemia on 28 April 2015 in Beijing, aged 8. He had the disease once before and recovered after five rounds of chemotherapy in 2013. However, in February 2015, his condition got worse.


title: Deaths in May 2015

paragraphs: The following is a list of notable deaths in May 2015. For notable deaths before the current month, please see "Previous months".


title: Emil Doepler

paragraphs: "Emil Doepler the younger"' (29 October 1855 - 21 December 1922) was an illustrator, painter and teacher. Today he is seen as one of the people who influenced the Art Nouveau movement. Emil Doepler's father was Carl Emil Doepler. Doepler designed the coat of arms of the Weimar Republic.


title: Matthias Kuhle

paragraphs: Matthias Kuhle (20 April 1948 – 25 April 2015) was a German geographer. He was also a professor at the University of Göttingen in Göttingen. He edited the book series "Geography International" published by Shaker Verlag.

paragraphs: Kuhle was born in Berlin. He died in an earthquake on 25 April 2015 in the village of Saurpani, Gorkha, Nepal. He was 67.


title: Marty Napoleon

paragraphs: Marty Napoleon (June 2, 1921 – April 27, 2015) was an American jazz pianist. He was best known for having replaced Earl Hines in Louis Armstrong's All Stars in 1952. He also worked with Gene Krupa, Phil Napoleon, Teddy Napoleon, Charlie Ventura, Kai Winding and Rex Stewart.

paragraphs: Napoleon was born in Brooklyn, New York City to Italian immigrants from Sicily. He died on April 27, 2015 in Glen Cove, Long Island, aged 93.


title: Synthetic genomics

paragraphs: Synthetic genomics is a type of genetic engineering. It makes genes which never occur in nature.

paragraphs: Synthetic genomics does not use naturally occurring genes. It may use custom-designed base pair series. In the future, it might use genetic codes that are not composed of the two base pairs of DNA currently used by life forms.

paragraphs: Synthetic genomics uses techniques from genetics research. Researchers can make long base pair chains cheaply and accurately on a large scale. This allows them to do experiments on genomes which do not exist in nature. They also use ideas in protein folding and high-end computing facilities.

paragraphs: The J. Craig Venter Institute is working in this field. The team of about 20 researchers is led by Nobel laureate Hamilton Smith, DNA researcher Craig Venter and microbiologist Clyde A. Hutchison III. The Venter group has put together a semi-synthetic "Mycoplasma genitalium" bacterial genome by recombination of 25 overlapping fragments. This was done in a single step:

paragraphs: Geneticists have made the first synthetic chromosome for yeast. "The genes in the original chromosome were replaced with synthetic versions and the finished man-made chromosome was then successfully integrated into a yeast cell".

paragraphs: Other companies, including one called Synthetic Genomics (company), have been formed to take advantage of the many commercial uses of custom designed genomes.


title: Ray Jackson (activist)

paragraphs: Ray Jackson (1941 – 23 April 2015) was an Australian Aboriginal activist and Wiradjuri elder. He was President of the Indigenous Social Justice Association (ISJA). He was a notable campaigner for the rights of Indigenous Australians. He was a member of the Stolen Generations.

paragraphs: Jackson died on 23 April 2015 in the suburb of Sydney of Waterloo, New South Wales. He was 74.


title: Gopulu

paragraphs: S. Gopalan (1924 – 29 April 2015), better known as Gopulu, was an Indian illustrator and cartoonist. He was best known for his work for the Tamil humour magazine "Ananda Vikatan".

paragraphs: Gopulu was born in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu. He died on 29 April 2015, aged 91. His son outlived him.


title: St. Clement Parish (Ottawa)

paragraphs: Before the 1960s, Catholics all over the world prayed together in Latin. In the 1960s, the leaders of the Catholic Church decided that Catholics should pray together using their mother tongue instead of using Latin. Some Catholics still wanted to use Latin when they prayed together. A group of these Catholics were in Ottawa and asked Bishop Joseph-Aurèle Plourde to let them pray together in Latin. He said that they could. The group started to meet together in 1968.

paragraphs: When these Catholics started to meet together, they met at Precious Blood Sisters' Monastery. This was a large home for nuns. In 1984, the nuns could not share their home with them anymore. The group moved to a small building and called themselves St. Clement Latin Community. They stayed in the new building until 1993. At that time they were able to get a church building of their own. The new church was on Mann Avenue in the Sandy Hill neighborhood.

paragraphs: In 2011, Bishop Terrence Prendergast asked St. Clement Parish if they wanted to move into Ste-Anne Church. Ste-Anne Church was an old church building that was important to the history of Ottawa. The parish started to meet at Ste-Anne Church on June 3, 2012.

paragraphs: The St. Clement Parish also runs an event called Marie Reine du Canada Pilgrimage. During this pilgrimage, people walk 100 km from Saint-Joseph-de-Lanoraie to the church of Notre-Dame du Cap in Trois-Rivières. It is based on a similar pilgrimage from Notre-Dame de Paris to Chartres Cathedral in France.


title: Talossan language

paragraphs: Talossan is a constructed language created for the micronation the Kingdom of Talossa. In Talossan the language is called "Talossan".


title: Patachou

paragraphs: Henriette Ragon (10 June 1918 – 30 April 2015), better known by her stage name Patachou, was a French actress and singer. She appeared on stage, television and movies between 1953 and 2006. She also wrote at least twenty songs. On 1 January 2009, she was awarded the Legion of Honour.

paragraphs: Patachou was born in Paris. Her son, Pierre Billon (born 1946), is a songwriter.

paragraphs: Patachou died on 30 April 2015 in Paris, aged 96.


title: Gregory Mertens

paragraphs: Gregory Mertens (2 February 1991 – 30 April 2015) was a Belgian professional footballer. His position was central defender. He played in the Belgian Pro League, playing for Cercle Brugge (2011–2014) and Lokeren (2014–2015). He was born in Anderlecht.

paragraphs: Mertens went into cardiac arrest and collapsed on 27 April 2015 while playing a game against K.R.C. Genk. He died from heart failure on 30 April at a Genk hospital, aged 24.


title: Lennart Bodström

paragraphs: Ture Lennart Bodström (20 April 1928 - 30 April 2015) was a Swedish politician. He was born in Gothenburg. He served as the Minister for Foreign Affairs in Olof Palme's Social Democratic cabinet from 1982 to 1985. Following the 1985 election, Bodström was reassigned to the post of Minister for Education.


paragraphs: The United Nations Integrated Mission in East Timor (UNMIT) is a peacekeeping operation that was created in August 25, 2006 by UN Security Council Resolution 1704. Its objectives are "to support the Government in consolidating stability, enhancing a culture of democratic governance, and facilitating political dialogue among Timorese stakeholders, in their efforts to bring about a process of national reconciliation and to foster social cohesion". The operation ended on December 31, 2012.


title: Killing of Eric Garner

paragraphs: Eric Garner (September 15, 1970 – July 17, 2014) was a man from Staten Island, New York City. He died in the same borough after a police officer put him in a chokehold for 15 seconds. The New York City Medical Examiner's Office found that Garner died partly because of the chokehold.

paragraphs: New York City Police Department officers talked to Garner because they thought he was selling cigarettes illegally. When Officer Daniel Panteleo took Garner's wrist behind his back, Garner swatted his arms away. Pantaleo then put his arm around Garner's neck and pulled him backwards and to the ground. After Pantaleo removed his arm from around Garner's neck, he pushed Garner's face into the ground. Four officers went to restrain Garner, who said "I can't breathe" several times.

paragraphs: On December 3, 2014, a grand jury decided to not indict officer Pantaleo. This led to protests and rallies with charges of police brutality. As of December 28, 2014, more than fifty demonstrations had been held across the United States.

paragraphs: In the aftermath of Garner's death, his daughter Erica, Al Sharpton and many others began to protest against police brutality. Erica died of complications from a heart attack on December 30, 2017 at the age of 27.


title: Anticonvulsant

paragraphs: An anticonvulsant is a drug that is used to treat seizures which are commmonly associated with epilepsy. For this reason, they are also known as antiepileptic drugs or anti-seizure drugs. Many of these drugs act as mood stabilizers. For this reason they are also used to treat mood disorders, such as bipolar disorder.


title: David Day (broadcaster)

paragraphs: David "Daisy" Day (1951 – 1 May 2015) was an Australian radio broadcaster. He began his disc jockey career at age 16 in Moree. He was best known for working on radio stations such as 5KA and Triple M from the 1970s in South Australia. In 2013, he published his autobiography, "Rock Jock". He was born in New South Wales.

paragraphs: Day died on 1 May 2015 in Adelaide, aged 63. He had health issues for some time before his death.


title: Thomas Perez

paragraphs: Thomas Edward Perez (born October 7, 1961 in Buffalo, New York) is an American politician, consumer advocate and civil rights lawyer. On July 23, 2013, he was sworn in as the United States Secretary of Labor. Perez is a member of the Democratic Party. He previously was the Assistant Attorney General for the Civil Rights Division of the United States Department of Justice.

paragraphs: Perez announced his candidacy for Chair of the Democratic National Committee in the 2017 election on December 15, 2016. On February 25, 2017, Perez was elected Chairman on a second ballot. Minutes after being elected, Perez named Keith Ellison as deputy chair.


title: Ben E. King

paragraphs: Benjamin Earl "Ben" King (born Benjamin Earl Nelson; September 28, 1938 – April 30, 2015) was an American soul and R&B singer. He was best known as the singer and co-composer of "Stand by Me". The song became a US Top 10 hit in both 1961 and later in 1986 (when it was used as the theme to the movie of the same name).

paragraphs: King was born in Henderson, North Carolina and grew up in Harlem, New York City from age nine. He later lived in Teaneck, New Jersey. He was married to Betty from 1964 until his death. He had three children.

paragraphs: King died from coronary heart disease on April 30, 2015 in Hackensack, New Jersey, aged 76.


title: Stirling Castle

paragraphs: Stirling Castle, in Stirling, Scotland, is one of the largest and most important castles in the United Kingdom. It guarded an important crossing of the River Forth, which exits to the North Sea in the east.

paragraphs: The castle sits atop Castle Hill, an intrusive volcanic crag, part of the Stirling Sill geological formation. It is surrounded on three sides by steep cliffs, giving it a strong defensive position. It guards what was, until the 1890s, the farthest downstream crossing of the River Forth, This made it an important fortification from early times.

paragraphs: Most of the buildings of the castle date from the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. A few structures of the fourteenth century remain, while the outer defences fronting the town date from the early eighteenth century. Several Scottish kings and queens have been crowned at Stirling, including Mary, Queen of Scots, in 1542. There have been at least eight sieges of Stirling Castle, including several during the Wars of Scottish Independence. The last siege was in 1746, when Bonnie Prince Charlie failed to take the castle. Stirling Castle is a scheduled Ancient Monument, and is a tourist attraction managed by Historic Scotland.


title: Casey Bailey

paragraphs: Casey Bailey (born October 27, 1991) is an American professional ice hockey center. He currently plays for the Toronto Maple Leafs of the National Hockey League (NHL).

paragraphs: Before playing in the NHL, Bailey played parts of 2 seasons with the Alberni Valley Bulldogs of the British Columbia Hockey League (BCHL) and 1 season with the Omaha Lancers of the United States Hockey League (USHL). Bailey decided to play college hockey with the Penn State Nittany Lions. He played parts of 3 years with them and was named to the Big Ten Conference First All-Star Team in 2015.

paragraphs: Bailey was not drafted but signed a two-year, entry-level contract with the Toronto Maple Leafs on March 21, 2015. Bailey became the first played from Penn State to sign a contract in the NHL, and also the first to play in the NHL.

paragraphs: On April 11, 2015, Bailey scored his first NHL goal against Carey Price of the Montreal Canadiens in a 4-3 shootout loss.


title: Lee Elder

paragraphs: Robert Lee Elder (born July 14, 1934 in Dallas, Texas) is an American professional golfer. He is best remembered for becoming the first African-American to play in the Masters Tournament in 1975.


title: Chi-Chi Rodríguez

paragraphs: Juan Antonio "Chi-Chi" Rodríguez (born October 23, 1935 in Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico) is a Puerto Rican professional golfer. He was the first Puerto Rican to be inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame.


title: Pete Brown (golfer)

paragraphs: Pete Brown (February 2, 1935 – May 1, 2015) was an American professional golfer. He was best known as the first African American to win a PGA Tour event. Brown was born in Port Gibson, Mississippi and grew up in Jackson, Mississippi.

paragraphs: Brown died in Augusta, Georgia on May 1, 2015 at the age of 80 from heart failure and a stroke.


title: María Elena Velasco

paragraphs: María Elena Velasco Fragoso (December 17, 1940 - May 1, 2015) was a Mexican actress, comedienne, singer-songwriter, dancer, screenwriter, movie producer, and one of Mexico's few major female movie directors. She was best known for creating and portraying La India María, a comical character based on indigenous Mexican women.

paragraphs: Velasco died of stomach cancer in Mexico City, Mexico, aged 74.


title: See You Again (Wiz Khalifa song)

paragraphs: "See You Again" is a song by American rapper Wiz Khalifa featuring the vocals and piano playing of American singer Charlie Puth. The song is featured in the 2015 action movie "Furious 7". It was created as a final tribute to Paul Walker, who died in a car crash in November 2013.

paragraphs: The single was released on March 17, 2015 in the US, followed by an international release on April 3, and a UK release on April 12.


title: Everything Is Awesome

paragraphs: "Everything Is Awesome" is the Grammy and Oscar nominated song featured in "The Lego Movie". It was written by Shawn Patterson, Joshua Bartholomew, Lisa Harriton, and The Lonely Island.

paragraphs: The single and pop version featured in the end credits of the movie was produced by Mark Mothersbaugh and performed by Tegan and Sara in collaboration with musical comedy trio The Lonely Island.

paragraphs: In July 2014, the song "Everything Is Awesome" was re-used in a video of Greenpeace to promote their petition calling on the Lego Company to drop its partnership with Shell.


title: Matt Carle

paragraphs: Matthew Carle (born September 25, 1984) is an American professional ice hockey defenseman. He currently plays for the Tampa Bay Lightning of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also played for the San Jose Sharks and Philadelphia Flyers.

paragraphs: Before playing in the NHL, Carle played parts of 2 seasons with the US National Team Development Program, 1 season with the River City Lancers of the United States Hockey League (USHL), and 3 years of college hockey with the University of Denver Pioneers. During his time with the Pioneers, Carle won the Hobey Baker Award in 2006 for being the top National Collegiate Athletic Association men's ice hockey player. He was also the only junior defenseman in history to win the award.

paragraphs: He was drafted 47th overall by the San Jose Sharks in the 2003 NHL Entry Draft. On March 25, 2006, Carle made his NHL debut and scored his first NHL goal against Manny Fernandez of the Minnesota Wild in a 5-1 win. On November 21, 2007, Carle was signed to a four-year, $13.75 million contract extension to stay with San Jose.

paragraphs: On July 4, 2008, the Sharks traded Carle along with Ty Wishart and a first round pick in the 2009 NHL Entry Draft and a fourth round pick in 2010, to the Tampa Bay Lightning in exchange for Dan Boyle and Brad Lukowich.

paragraphs: After 12 games with the Lightning, they traded him along with a 2009 third round draft pick to the Philadelphia Flyers in exchange for Steve Eminger, Steve Downie and a 2009 fourth round pick on November 7, 2008. Carle missed 5 games at the start of December because of a rib injury. During the home opener of the 2009–10 season for the Flyers, Carle tied the NHL record for assists in a single period by a defenceman when he set up four goals in the second period against the Washington Capitals and also helped Mike Richards achieve his second career hat trick, which was also his personal best for assists in a game.

paragraphs: On July 4, 2012, Carle signed a six-year; $33 million contract to return with the Tampa Bay Lightning.


title: Stand by Me (song)

paragraphs: "Stand by Me" is a R&B ballad which was originally performed by Ben E. King. The song was inspired by the spiritual single "Lord Stand by Me". The song is on the soundtrack of the 1986 movie "Stand by Me".

paragraphs: Musicians who have covered the song include Prince Royce and John Lennon. In 1999, BMI named it the fourth most performed song of the 20th century.


title: William Pfaff

paragraphs: William Pfaff (December 1928 – April 30, 2015) was an American writer. He was an author and op-ed columnist for the "International Herald Tribune". He also worked on "The New York Review of Books".

paragraphs: Pfaff was born in Council Bluffs, Iowa. He was of German, English, and Irish ancestry. He studied at the University of Notre Dame. He was a Catholic and was married with two children.

paragraphs: Pfaff died from a heart attack caused by a fall on April 30, 2015 in Paris, France. He was 86.


title: Stephen Milburn Anderson

paragraphs: Stephen Milburn Anderson (March 13, 1948 – May 1, 2015) was an American movie director, producer and screenwriter. He wrote and directed eight movies. He was best known for "South Central", which was produced by Oliver Stone and released by Warner Bros. in 1992. He also wrote and directed "Cash" (2010), starring Sean Bean and Chris Hemsworth. He produced the Academy Award-winning short movie "Ray's Male Heterosexual Dance Hall" (1987). He was born in New Mexico.

paragraphs: Anderson died from throat cancer on May 1, 2015 in Denver, Colorado, aged 67. His wife of more than thirty years, Mary Weir, outlived him.


title: Anguish

paragraphs: Anguish is an emotion. It is a feeling of severe pain, mental suffering, distress and sadness. Anguish is related to misery, dread, despair, and depression.

paragraphs: Many things can cause a person to feel anguish. Abuse can cause anguish. Child abuse can cause anguish. Elder abuse can cause anguish. Bullying can cause anguish. Neglect can cause anguish. Shame can lead to feelings of anguish. A person may feel anguish when their life is not going as they hoped and there is little they can do to change it.

paragraphs: Mental anguish is a concept of law. It is sometimes written into a legal code. In tort law, a person can receive compensation when someone hurts them. This is known as a personal injury case. This kind of legal case is handled by a personal injury lawyer.

paragraphs: In the United States, personal injury lawsuits account for less than 5% of all civil cases. That number is declining. Between 1999 and 2008, there was a 25% decrease in personal injury lawsuits filed in the United States.

paragraphs: In the judicial system, mental anguish is also called "pain and suffering". This may include feelings of fear, distress, anxiety, depression, trauma, or grief.

paragraphs: When Jimmy Carter was President of the United States, he issued a proclamation about human rights. He said that we must defend the victims of anguish, not the culprits (the people who cause it).

paragraphs: In medicine, anguish is similar to anxiety. It is a type of neurosis. According to Sigmund Freud, the symptoms of anguish are irritability, anxiety, crisis, nightmares, phobias and obsessions. Anguish can also cause insomnia.

paragraphs: People with mental illnesses like melancholia or depression may feel anguish. Anguish may be a factor in a mental breakdown.

paragraphs: Chronic pain (or pain lasting longer than six months) can cause anguish.

paragraphs: The brain disease dementia can cause those who have it to experience anguish.

paragraphs: In dying patients, anguish may be physical, emotional, or spiritual. They symptoms of physical anguish are severe pain and anxiety. The symptoms of emotional and spiritual anguish are crying, moaning, wailing, or talking about fears or regrets.

paragraphs: Anguish is sometimes a cause of suicide or homicide. People who experience psychological distress like anguish can have greater risk of premature death.

paragraphs: Researchers found a potential treatment for the pain of anguish: a non-prescription medication (or over-the-counter drug) called paracetamol (or acetaminophen).

paragraphs: Mental anguish can have significant as physical symptoms. Psychological suffering from anguish can be just as significant as physical pain. Psychological symptoms like anxiety, panic attacks and existential crisis can cause suffering.

paragraphs: Sigmund Freud is considered the inventor of psychoanalysis. Freud said that anguish is one of the feelings that brings together and tears apart people, families, and societies.

paragraphs: Anguish is an important concept in existentialism. Existentialists believe that freedom causes anguish.

paragraphs: French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre talked about anguish in his book "L'Être et le Néant" (1943) (in English: "Being and Nothingness") (1956).

paragraphs: "It is certain that we cannot overcome anguish, for we are anguish."

paragraphs: For Sartre and Heidegger and Kierkegaard anguish is an important emotion.

paragraphs: Another French philosopher, Gilles Deleuze, said that anguish is a basic human emotion. He said that people feel anguish when they understand that they cannot escape from evil and pain in the world.

paragraphs: Anguish is an important concept in nihilism. Nihilists believe that life is meaningless. That belief is a source of anguish.

paragraphs: German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer wrote about "anguish of conscience." He said that consciousness is anguish and anguish is pain.

paragraphs: Søren Kierkegaard was a Danish philosopher. He wrote about religion, or theology. Kierkegaard talked about anguish in several of his books: "Fear and Trembling" (1843), "Either/Or" (1843), "The Sickness Unto Death" (1849), and "Two Discourses of God and Man" (1938). In the book "Eighteen Upbuilding Discourses" (1843), Kierkegaard talked about Paul the Apostle. Paul felt anguish because he persecuted Christians.

paragraphs: Anguish is feeling common for characters in Woody Allen's films. Marion feels anguish in "Another Woman". Alvy feels anguish in "Annie Hall". Mary fakes feelings of anguish in "Manhattan". Elliot causes anguish for others when he falls in love with one of his wife's sisters in "Hannah and Her Sisters".


title: Milap Chand Jain

paragraphs: Milap Chand Jain (21 July 1929 – 29 April 2015) was an Indian judge and politician. He served as the Chief Justice of the Rajasthan High Court. He also served as the acting Governor of Rajasthan from 3 February to 14 February 1990. He was also the chairman of the "Jain Commission" set up by the government to inquire into Rajiv Gandhi's assassination.

paragraphs: Jain was born in Jodhpur, Rajasthan. He had three children; a son and two daughters.

paragraphs: Jain died after a short illness on 29 April 2015 in Jaipur, aged 86.


title: Ronald Senator

paragraphs: Ronald Senator (17 April 1926 – 30 April 2015) was a British composer. He was best known for "Holocaust Requiem", for which he was nominated for a Pulitzer Prize. He had concerts in New York (1990, 1998, 2001), London (1989, 1997), Sydney (1978), Moscow (1993), and St. Petersburg (1991).

paragraphs: Senator studied at Oxford University (1944–1947) with Austrian-born British composer Egon Wellesz. He was Jewish and married to Miriam Brickman. He lived in London and New York, United States.

paragraphs: Senator and his 81-year-old wife died in a fire on 30 April 2015 at their home in Yonkers, New York. He was 89.


title: François Michelin

paragraphs: François Michelin (15 June 1926 – 29 April 2015) was a French heir and business executive. He served as the CEO of Michelin from 1955 to 1999.

paragraphs: Michelin was born in Clermont-Ferrand, Auvergne. His grandfather, Édouard Michelin (1859–1940), was the founder of Michelin. He became an orphan at the age of ten. He was a Roman Catholic. He had five children, including Édouard (1963–2006).

paragraphs: Michelin died on 29 April 2015 in Clermont-Ferrand, aged 88.


title: Valentine Lamb

paragraphs: Valentine Edward Martin "Val" Lamb (26 January 1939 – 24 April 2015) was a British sports journalist. He was editor of "The Irish Field" from 1970 to 2003.

paragraphs: Lamb was born in Coombe Bissett, Wiltshire. He was the son of the artist Henry Lamb and his wife Lady Pansy Pakenham. He was married twice and had three children.


title: Gary Liddell

paragraphs: Gary Liddell (27 August 1954 – 1 May 2015) was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a striker. He played from 1972 and 1983 for the teams Leeds United, Grimsby Town, Hearts and Doncaster Rovers.

paragraphs: Liddell was born in Stirling. His son, Andy (born 1973), was also a footballer.

paragraphs: Liddell died on 1 May 2015 in Falkirk, aged 60.


title: Geoff Duke

paragraphs: Geoffrey Ernest "Geoff" Duke (29 March 1923 – 1 May 2015) was a British multiple motorcycle Grand Prix road racing world champion. In the 1950s, he won six world championships and six Isle of Man TT races.

paragraphs: Duke was born in St. Helens, Lancashire. His son, Peter, is a businessman and founded Duke Video.

paragraphs: Duke died after a long illness 1 May 2015 at his home on the Isle of Man. He was 92.


title: Mobile application

paragraphs: A mobile application (or app) is a computer program designed to run on smartphones, tablet computers and other mobile devices. Apps are usually available through an app store for that platform. These began appearing in 2008. The largest stores are operated by the owner of the mobile operating system.

paragraphs: Some apps are usually bundled with the device, already installed before you buy it. Other apps may be downloaded for free from the app store, and some must be purchased.


title: Ruth Rendell

paragraphs: Ruth Barbara Rendell, Baroness Rendell of Babergh (née Grasemann; 17 February 1930 – 2 May 2015), also known as Barbara Vine, was an English writer. She wrote mostly psychological thrillers and murder mysteries. She released at least 90 books and was best known for her character Inspector Wexford.

paragraphs: Rendell was born in South Woodford, Essex (now London). Her mother was born in Sweden and grew up in Denmark, while her father was English. She was married to Don Rendell until his death from prostate cancer in 1999. They had a son, Simon (born 1953).

paragraphs: Rendell had a stroke in January 2015. She died on 2 May 2015 in London, aged 85.


title: Monty Python's The Meaning of Life

paragraphs: Monty Python's The Meaning of Life is a 1983 British musical sketch comedy movie. It is Monty Python's last movie. It is about seven stages of life and is told through different sketches and songs.


title: August Friedrich Schenck

paragraphs: August Friedrich Albrecht Schenck (1828 – 1901) was a painter. He became well known for his landscapes and paintings of animals. He was both French and German by nationality. His works were first shown in 1855.


title: Diante do Trono

paragraphs: The Diante do Trono is a Brazilian Christian pop rock band from Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The band was formed in 1997 in the Lagoinha Church and is known as the main worship ministry in Latin America. The band has sold over 15 million albums and is led by Ana Paula Valadão.


title: Max Rojas

paragraphs: Juan Máximo Rojas Proenza, known as Max Rojas (June 4, 1940 - April 24, 2015) was a Mexican poet, essayist, literary critic and culture manager. Rojas wrote long-winded poem "Cuerpos", his last published work originally composed of three thousand pages and that could fill twenty volumes.


title: George Baker (actor)

paragraphs: George Baker, MBE (1 April 19317 October 2011) was an English actor and writer. He was best known for playing Tiberius in "I, Claudius", and Inspector Wexford in "The Ruth Rendell Mysteries". He was born in Varna, Bulgaria.

paragraphs: Baker died on 7 October 2011 in West Lavington, Wiltshire from pneumonia after suffering a stroke, aged 80.


title: Rodion Shchedrin

paragraphs: Rodion Konstantinovich Shchedrin (, "Rodion Konstantinovič Ščedrin", born December 16, 1932 in Moscow) is a Russian composer and pianist.

paragraphs: He won many awards such as the Lenin (1984), USSR State Prize (1972) and the State Prize of the Russian Federation (1992). He is a former member of the Interregional Deputy Group (1989–1991).

paragraphs: Shchedrin was married to Russian ballet dancer Maya Plisetskaya from 1958 until her death in 2015.


title: Tabaré Vázquez

paragraphs: Tabaré Ramón Vázquez Rosas (; born January 17, 1940) is a Uruguayan politician. He served as President of Uruguay from 2015 to 2020.


title: Muhammadu Buhari

paragraphs: Muhammadu Buhari, GCFR (born 17 December 1942) is the President of Nigeria and a former Major General in the Nigerian Army. He first became Head of State of Nigeria on 31 December 1983 when he took over the government by surprise. While he was in power, he passed laws to control how people behaved that were very harsh and put many people in jail, even the famous musician Fela Kuti. On 27 August 1985, there was another surprise takeover and he was no longer in charge of the country.

paragraphs: In the 21st century, Buhari decided to try and become head of state again and ran in multiple elections. He eventually won and became President of Nigeria in 2015. He brought back some of the harsh laws from the last time he was in charge of Nigeria. Now, more people have been criticizing him as part of the End SARS protests.


title: Umaru Musa Yar'Adua

paragraphs: Umaru Musa Yar'Adua (16 August 19515 May 2010) was a Nigerian politician. He served as the President of Nigeria and the 13th Head of State.

paragraphs: He served as governor of Katsina State in northern Nigeria from 29 May 1999 to 28 May 2007. He was declared the winner of the controversial Nigerian presidential election held on 21 April 2007, and was sworn in on 29 May 2007. He was a member of the ruling People's Democratic Party (PDP).

paragraphs: In 2009, Yar'Adua left for Saudi Arabia to receive treatment for pericarditis. He returned to Nigeria in 2010, where he died on 5 May.


title: Aristocrat

paragraphs: An aristocrat is a person of a the highest social class of a society. In many places, aristocrats have hereditary titles. In some societies such as Ancient Greece, Rome, and India, aristocratic status may come from membership in a military caste. It has also been very common for aristocrats to belong to priestly dynasties.

paragraphs: Aristocratic status can involve feudal or legal privileges. They are usually below only the monarch of a country or nation in its social hierarchy. In modern era European societies, the term aristocracy has often been used synonymously with the nobility. This was a specific class that arose in the middle ages. The term "aristocracy" derives from the Greek ἀριστοκρατία ("aristokratia" ἄριστος ("aristos") "excellent," and κράτος ("kratos") "power".