title: Secularization

paragraphs: Secularization means religion gets less important in modern societies. As the society goes through modernization, all the religious values and institutions decline.

paragraphs: The 1960s saw a trend toward secularization in Western Europe, North America, Australia, and New Zealand. At the same time these things happened: economic prosperity, youth rebelling against the rules and conventions of society, women's liberation, radical theology, and radical politics.


title: Sushil Kumar (admiral)

paragraphs: Admiral Sushil Kumar Isaac, PVSM, UYSM, AVSM, NM was a Chief of Naval Staff in the Indian Navy. A native of Nagercoil, he ceased to use his surname of Isaacs because it caused confusion with his brother, who shares the same initials and is also a naval officer.


title: Laoag

paragraphs: Laoag, officially the City of Laoag (), is a city and the capital of the province of Ilocos Norte, Philippines.


title: Stenorhynchus seticornis

paragraphs: Stenorhynchus seticornis is the arrow crab. Its body is triangular, with long and thin legs. They are up to 10 cm (3.9 in) across, and the animal's carapace may be up to 6 cm (2.4 in) long. They have a lot of different colors on their bodies. They may be golden, yellow or cream, brown, black or iridescent-blue lines; the legs are reddish or yellow, and the claws are blue or violet.

paragraphs: Arrow crabs are found in the western and eastern Atlantic Ocean, from North Carolina and Bermuda to Brazil, including the Caribbean Sea, also in the coastal waters of Cape Verde. Also found in the Sea of Cortez. It lives on coral reefs at depths of 10–30 feet (3.0–9.1 m).

paragraphs: The crab eats small feather duster worms (Sabellidae) and other coral reef invertebrates.


title: Montipora

paragraphs: Montipora is a genus of Scleractinian corals in the phylum Cnidaria. There are 85 known species.

paragraphs: "Montipora" corals are common on reefs and lagoons of the Red Sea, the western Indian Ocean and the southern Pacific Ocean. They are entirely absent in the Atlantic Ocean.

paragraphs: This coral grows in plates. It can cover huge portions of a reef. The coral is attached permanently to the ocean floor. It spreads out into thin, wide, leaf-like colonies. Larger colonies can grow out in multiple layers. Its surface is covered with many bumpy protrusions.

paragraphs: It gets most of its nutritional needs from the symbiotic dinoflagellates that live inside its cells.


title: Disco clam

paragraphs: The disco clam, also called an electric frame scallop or electric clam, is a saltwater clam. It lives on coral reefs in the Indo-Pacific. It is a long. It is the only bivalve with a bright display.

paragraphs: Disco clams live on coral reefs in the Indo-Pacific.


title: Noel MacNeal

paragraphs: Noel MacNeal (born September 15, 1961) is an American puppeteer, writer, actor, and director of children's television. Since the early 1980s, he has performed. He was the voice and puppeteer of Bear in "Bear in the Big Blue House" and its spin-off series "Breakfast with Bear" and also starred as Kako in "Oobi", Lionel Lion in "Between the Lions", and Magellan on "Eureeka's Castle".


title: Barbara Hillary (adventurer)

paragraphs: Barbara Hillary (June 12, 1931 – November 23, 2019) was the first known black woman to reach the North Pole, which she did at the age of 75 in 2007. She reached the South Pole in January 2011 at the age of 79, becoming the first African-American woman on record to make it there and the first black woman to reach both poles. She was born in New York City.

paragraphs: Hillary died at a hospital in New York City on November 23, 2019 of lung and breast cancer, aged 88.


title: Howard Cruse

paragraphs: Howard Cruse (May 2, 1944 – November 26, 2019) was an American alternative cartoonist. He was known creating gay themes in his comics. He was the founding editor of "Gay Comix" in 1980. His graphic novel "Stuck Rubber Baby" became his best known work.

paragraphs: Cruse died of lymphoma on November 26, 2019 in Pittsfield, Massachusetts at the age of 75.


title: Héctor García-Molina

paragraphs: Héctor García-Molina (November 15, 1953 – November 25, 2019) was a Mexican-American computer scientist. He was a Professor in the Departments of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering at Stanford University. He was advisor to Sergey Brin, the co-founder of Google, from 1993 to 1997 when Brin was a computer science student at Stanford.


title: Bruno Nicolè

paragraphs: Bruno Nicolè (; 24 February 1940 – 26 November 2019) was an Italian professional footballer. He played as a forward. He played for Juventus, Roma, and the national team.

paragraphs: Nicolè died on 26 November 2019 in Pordenone, Italy at the age of 79.


title: Gary Rhodes

paragraphs: Gary Rhodes, OBE (22 April 1960 – 26 November 2019) was a British restaurateur and television chef. He was known for his love of British cuisine. He appeared on "MasterChef", "MasterChef USA", "Hell's Kitchen", and his own series, "Rhodes Around Britain".

paragraphs: In 2006 he competed to represent the South of England in the BBC's "Great British Menu", but lost to Atul Kochhar.

paragraphs: Rhodes also had his own line of cookware and bread mixes. Rhodes went on to feature in the ITV1 programme "Saturday Cooks", as well as the UKTV Food show "Local Food Hero".

paragraphs: Rhodes died on 26 November 2019 in Dubai at the age of 59. The cause of death was subdural haematoma.


title: Stefan Danailov

paragraphs: Stefan Lambov Danailov () (9 December 1942 – 27 November 2019) was a Bulgarian actor. He was Minister of Culture of Bulgaria from August 2005 to July 2009. An actor, his best known roles were in "Ladies' Choice", "Affection" and in "Something Out of Nothing".

paragraphs: Danailov died on 27 November 2019 in Sofia of lymphoma, aged 76.


title: Godfrey Gao

paragraphs: Godfrey Gao (; 22 September 1984 – 27 November 2019) was a Taiwanese-Canadian model and actor. He was the first Asian model to appear in a campaign for Louis Vuitton. He was known for his roles as Magnus Bane in the 2013 movie version of

paragraphs: "" and for his leading role in Chinese television series "Remembering Lichuan".

paragraphs: Gao died of a heart attack while filming a movie in Ningbo, Zhejiang on 27 November 2019 at the age of 35.


title: Bala Singh

paragraphs: Bala Singh (24 April 1952 – 27 November 2019) was an Indian actor. He appeared in Tamil language movies. He made his first movie appearance on "Avatharam" (1995). He was known for his villain roles such as in "Kaama" and in "Pudhupettai".

paragraphs: Singh died of cardiac arrest caused by food poisoning in Chennai on 27 November 2019, aged 67.


title: Sam Watson (activist)

paragraphs: Samuel William "Sam" Watson (16 November 1952 – 27 November 2019) was an Aboriginal Australian activist and a socialist politician. He was known for his works with the Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody.

paragraphs: In December 2009, Watson was appointed a deputy director at the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies Unit at the University of Queensland and taught two courses in Black Australian Literature.

paragraphs: He was also a writer and a filmmaker. He received honours for his 1990 novel "The Kadaitcha Sung".

paragraphs: Watson died of a short-illness at a Brisbane hospital on 27 November 2019 at the age of 67.


title: 2019 Albania earthquake

paragraphs: Northwestern Albania was struck by a strong 6.4 magnitude earthquake and an epicentre west-southwest of Mamurras, at 03:54 CET on 26 November 2019.

paragraphs: The tremor was felt in Albania's capital Tirana, its neighbor country North Macedonia and in places as far away as Taranto, Italy and Belgrade, Serbia some northeast of the epicentre.

paragraphs: At least 51 people were killed in the earthquake, with 3000 others injured. It was the largest to hit Albania in forty years.


title: Daniel Martínez (politician)

paragraphs: Daniel Carlos Martínez Villamil (born 23 February 1957) is a Uruguayan politician and engineer. He was born in Montevideo. He was the 2019 Broad Front presidential candidate.

paragraphs: From 2008 through 2009, he was the Minister of Industry, Energy and Mining during the Tabaré Vázquez administration. From 2010 through 2015, he was a member of the Senate. Later, from 2015 through 2019, he was the Mayor of Montevideo.


title: Luis Alberto Lacalle Pou

paragraphs: Luis Alberto Alejandro Aparicio Lacalle Pou (born 11 August 1973) is a Uruguayan lawyer and politician. Lacalle Pou is the 42nd and current President of Uruguay since March 2020. He ran as candidate for the National Party in the 2019 election.

paragraphs: He is the son of former President of Uruguay, Luis Alberto Lacalle.

paragraphs: In the 1999 general elections, he was elected representative for Canelones, serving the 2000-2005 term. He was re elected in 2004 and again in 2009.

paragraphs: On 30 March 2014, Lacalle Pou launched his bid for the presidential candidacy. He lost in the second round of the election to Tabaré Vázquez.


title: Hildur Guðnadóttir

paragraphs: Hildur Ingveldar Guðnadóttir (born 4 September 1982) is an Icelandic musician and composer. She is known for composing the soundtracks for the 2019 miniseries "Chernobyl" and the 2019 comic movie "Joker. S"he won a Golden Globe Award from it.

paragraphs: She has played and recorded with the bands Pan Sonic, Throbbing Gristle, Múm and Stórsveit Nix Noltes. She also toured with Animal Collective and Sunn O))).


title: Michael Giacchino

paragraphs: Michael Giacchino (; born October 10, 1967) is an American composer. He has won an Academy Award, a Primetime Emmy Award, and three Grammy Awards.

paragraphs: He is known for his works with J. J. Abrams, Brad Bird, Matt Reeves, Pete Docter, Colin Trevorrow, Jon Watts, Drew Goddard, Gareth Edwards, and The Wachowskis.

paragraphs: His movie scores include "", "Super 8", "Star Trek", "Star Trek Into Darkness", "The Incredibles", "Incredibles 2", "Ratatouille", "Up", "Cars 2", "Dawn of the Planet of the Apes", "Jurassic World", "Inside Out", "Zootopia", "Star Trek Beyond", "Doctor Strange", "Rogue One", "", "Coco", "War for the Planet of the Apes", "", and "".

paragraphs: He also composed the score of the video game series "Medal of Honor" and "Call of Duty".


title: Riverside Township, New Jersey

paragraphs: Riverside Township is a township in Burlington County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 8,079.


title: Mount Holly, New Jersey

paragraphs: Mount Holly is a township in Burlington County, New Jersey, United States. It is the county seat of Burlington County as well as an eastern suburb of Philadelphia. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 9,536.


title: Evesham Township, New Jersey

paragraphs: Evesham Township is a township in Burlington County in the US state of New Jersey, United States. It is a suburb of Philadelphia. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 45,538.


title: Washington Township, Burlington County, New Jersey

paragraphs: Washington Township is a township in Burlington County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 687.


title: 2019–20 Perth Glory FC season

paragraphs: The 2019–20 Perth Glory FC season is the club's 23rd season since it began in 1996.


title: Marlton, New Jersey

paragraphs: Marlton is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located within Evesham Township, in Burlington County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, Marlton's population was 10,133.


title: Joel Chianese

paragraphs: Joel Chianese is an Australian footballer who plays as a forward for Perth Glory.


title: Brad Bird

paragraphs: Phillip Bradley Bird (born September 24, 1957) is an American animator, director, screenwriter, producer, and voice actor. He is best known for his animated feature movies "The Iron Giant" (1999), "The Incredibles" (2004), "Ratatouille" (2007), and "Incredibles 2" (2018). His live action movies are "" (2011) and "Tomorrowland" (2015).


title: Auburn, Washington

paragraphs: Auburn is a city in King County, with a small portion in Pierce County, Washington, United States. The population was 70,180 at the 2010 United States Census. Auburn is a suburb in the Seattle metropolitan area. It is the fifteenth largest city in the state of Washington.


title: Pierce County, Washington

paragraphs: Pierce County is a county in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2010 Census, the population was 795,225, making it the second-most populous county in Washington behind King County. The county seat and largest city is Tacoma.


title: Benton County, Oregon

paragraphs: Benton County is a county in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2010 census, the population was 85,579. Its county seat is Corvallis.


title: Hadesarchaea

paragraphs: Hadesarchaea are very small living things. They are thermophile Archaea that live in very hot places underground. People have found them in sand at the bottom of the ocean, deep mines, hot springs, and other places underground.

paragraphs: Hadesarchaea were first called the South-African Gold Mine Miscellaneous Euryarchaeal Group (SAGMEG) because they were found in a gold mine in South Africa. They were renamed "Hadesarchaea" in 2016 (Hades was the Greek god who ruled the land of the dead).

paragraphs: In 2016, scientists used a method called shotgun sequencing to make a model of the Hadesarchaea genome. A genome is all the genes in an living thing and the other pieces of DNA and RNA that help them work. The Hadesarchaea genome is about 1.5 Megabase pairs in size, which is about 0.5 Mbp smaller than most other Archaea. The scientists think the small genome is how the Hadesarchaea can stay alive with only a little to eat.

paragraphs: Scientists believe Hadesarchaea came from an ancestor that used methane as food.

paragraphs: The first Hadesarchaea that people found were in a mine in South Africa about 3 km (2 mi) under the surface of the Earth. They do not need oxygen or light to live. They were later also found in the White Oak River estuary in North Carolina, a place where a river meets the ocean, and in Yellowstone National Park's Lower Culex Basin. These areas are hot, 70 °C (158 °F), and are so alkaline that they would destroy most living things. Other scientists looked through the soil near old mines in East Harz, Germany and think they may have found pieces of 16S rRNA that could be from Hadesarchaea or their close relatives.

paragraphs: Hadesarchaea are the only archaea that can turn carbon monoxide and water into carbon dioxide and oxygen. When they do this, the reaction gives off hydrogen. Scientists looked at more information about the Hadesarchaea genome and believe they have genes that let them put carbon atoms into other molecules and make methane. Other scientists think Hadesarchaea may be able to use sugar and amino acids as fuel and change nitrite into ammonium. . Scientists think Hadesarchaea help in geochemical processes.


title: Let L-610

paragraphs: The Let L-610 is a Czech military light transport aircraft. It was built as only eight examples between 1988 and 1990.


title: The Irishman

paragraphs: The Irishman (also titled onscreen as I Heard You Paint Houses) is a 2019 American epic crime movie directed and produced by Martin Scorsese and written by Steven Zaillian, based on the 2004 book "I Heard You Paint Houses" by Charles Brandt.

paragraphs: The movie is about Frank Sheeran (De Niro), a truck driver who becomes a hitman and gets involved with mobster Russell Bufalino (Pesci) and his crime family, including his time working for the powerful Teamster Jimmy Hoffa (Pacino).

paragraphs: It stars Robert De Niro, Al Pacino, and Joe Pesci, with Ray Romano, Bobby Cannavale, Anna Paquin, Stephen Graham, Stephanie Kurtzuba, Jesse Plemons, and Harvey Keitel in supporting roles.

paragraphs: Principal photography began in September 2017 in New York City and in the Mineola and Williston Park sections of Long Island, and ended in March 2018. With a production budget of $159 million and a runtime of 209 minutes, it is one of the longest and most expensive movies of Scorsese's career.

paragraphs: "The Irishman" had its world premiere at the 57th New York Film Festival on September 27, 2019, and began a small time theater release on November 1, 2019. It was soon streamed on Netflix on November 27, 2019.

paragraphs: On "Rotten Tomatoes", the movie holds an approval rating of 96%.


title: Frank Sheeran

paragraphs: Frank "The Irishman" Sheeran (October 25, 1920 – December 14, 2003) was an American labor union official. He was accused of having links to the Bufalino crime family.

paragraphs: Sheeran was a figure in the corruption of unions by organized crime. Sheeran claimed to have killed Teamster leader Jimmy Hoffa in 1975. He is played by Robert De Niro in the 2019 Netflix "The Irishman" directed by Martin Scorsese.

paragraphs: Sheeran died of cancer on December 14, 2003 in Philadelphia at the age of 83.


title: Darby, Pennsylvania

paragraphs: Darby is a borough in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population is 10,678.


title: Jim Simons

paragraphs: James Harris Simons (; born April 25, 1938) is an American mathematician, billionaire hedge fund manager, and philanthropist. He is known as a quantitative investor. In 1982, Simons founded Renaissance Technologies. He is seen as the greatest investor on Wall Street.

paragraphs: As reported by Forbes, his net worth as of October 2019 is estimated to be $21.6 billion, making Simons the 21st-richest man in the United States.

paragraphs: Simons was born in Newton, Massachusetts. He studied at University of California, Berkeley and at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.


title: Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin

paragraphs: Fort Atkinson is a city in Jefferson County, Wisconsin, United States. It is on the Rock River, a few miles upstream from Lake Koshkonong. The population was 12,368 at the 2010 census.


title: Jefferson County, Wisconsin

paragraphs: Jefferson County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2010 census, the population was 83,686. Its county seat is Jefferson.


title: Jefferson, Wisconsin

paragraphs: Jefferson is a city in Jefferson County, Wisconsin, United States, and is its county seat. It is at the confluence of the Rock and Crawfish rivers. The population was 7,973 at the 2010 census.


title: Watertown, Wisconsin

paragraphs: Watertown is a city in Dodge and Jefferson counties in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. The population was 23,861 at the 2010 census.


title: Beaver Dam, Wisconsin

paragraphs: Beaver Dam is a city in Dodge County, Wisconsin, United States, along Beaver Dam Lake and the Beaver Dam River. The population was 16,214 at the 2010 census, making it the largest city in Dodge County.


title: Pordenone

paragraphs: Pordenone (; Venetian and ) is the main "comune" of Pordenone province of northeast Italy in the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region.


title: Henry County, Kentucky

paragraphs: Henry County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 15,416. Its county seat is New Castle, but its largest city is Eminence. The county was founded in 1798.

paragraphs: It was named for the statesman and governor of Virginia Patrick Henry.


title: Clay Evans (pastor)

paragraphs: Clay Evans (June 23, 1925 – November 27, 2019) was an African American Baptist pastor, civil rights activist and singer-songwriter. He was the founder of the influential Fellowship Missionary Baptist Church in Chicago, Illinois. He was famous for his gospel music.

paragraphs: Evans released his first musical project in 1984, "What He's Done For Me" with Savoy Records. His latest album, "It's Me Again", released in 2006 by Meek Records, failed to chart. He received a nomination for the Best Gospel Album at the 1997 Soul Train Music Awards.


title: Brownsville, Tennessee

paragraphs: Brownsville is a city in Haywood County, Tennessee, United States. It is the county seat of Haywood County, located in the western Tennessee Delta. Its population as of the 2010 census was 10,292.


title: Haywood County, Tennessee

paragraphs: Haywood County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2010 census, the population was 18,787. Its county seat and largest city is Brownsville.


title: Walla Walla County, Washington

paragraphs: Walla Walla County is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2010 census, its population was 58,781. The county seat and largest city is Walla Walla.


title: University of Zagreb

paragraphs: The University of Zagreb (, ; ) is the largest Croatian university and the oldest continuously operating university in the area covering Central Europe south of Vienna and all of Southeastern Europe.

paragraphs: The history of the University began on September 23, 1669, when the Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I issued a decree granting the establishment of the "Jesuit Academy of the Royal Free City of Zagreb". The decree was accepted at the Council of the Croatian Kingdom on November 3, 1671. The Academy was run by the Jesuits for more than a century until the order was dissolved by Pope Clement XIV in 1773. In 1776, Empress Maria Theresa issued a decree founding the "Royal Academy of Science" which succeeded the previous Jesuit Academy. Bishop Josip Juraj Strossmayer proposed the founding of a University to the Croatian Parliament in 1861. Emperor Franz Joseph signed the decree on the establishment of the University of Zagreb in 1869. The Act of Founding was passed by the Parliament in 1874, and was ratified by the Emperor on January 5, 1874. On October 19, 1874, the "Royal University of Franz Joseph I" was officially opened.

paragraphs: The University is composed of 29 faculties, 3 art academies and 1 university center with more than 70,000 students. The University is as of 2018 at the 463rd place out of 1000 on the list of Universities of the world made by the Center for University World Rankings.


title: 2019 Southeast Asian Games

paragraphs: The 2019 Southeast Asian Games, officially known as the 30th Southeast Asian Games or 2019 SEA Games and commonly known as Philippines 2019, will be the 30th edition of the Southeast Asian Games, a biennial regional multi-sport event which will be hosted by the Philippines from 30 November to 11 December 2019, with games from selected sports started as early as November 25.

paragraphs: In July 2015, the Philippines agreed to host the games after Brunei's withdrawal. However, the Philippines' hosting was left uncertain following the withdrawal of government support two years later as it planned to use the funds intended for the games for the rehabilitation of Marawi after being occupied by ISIS supporters. Thailand and Indonesia offered to host the games with the latter planning to reuse the venues used.


title: Taleh

paragraphs: Taleh (, ) is a city in Sool, Somalia. It was the final capital of the Daraawiish. The first Daraawiish capital was in Dareemo Caddo near Buuhoodle.


title: USP

paragraphs: The USP was a political party and autonomous state from 1989 until 1998 in northern Somalia. It was mainly for the Dhulbahante (aka Darwiish) population.


title: Subdural hematoma

paragraphs: A subdural hematoma (SDH) is a type of bleeding in which a collection of blood usually caused from a traumatic brain injury—gathers in the inner layer of the dura mater and the arachnoid mater of the meninges surrounding the brain. It usually results from tears in bridging veins that cross the subdural space.

paragraphs: The symptoms of a subdural hematoma are slow to notice because the lower-pressure veins involved bleed more slowly than arteries. Signs and symptoms of acute hematomas may appear in minutes, if not immediately, but can also be delayed as much as two weeks.


title: Jeanne Gang

paragraphs: Jeanne Gang (born March 19, 1964) is an American architect. She is the founder and leader of Studio Gang, an architecture and urban design practice with offices in Chicago, New York, and San Francisco.

paragraphs: She is known for her Aqua Tower design. She also designed the University of Chicago Campus North Residential and Dining Commons and two boathouses on the Chicago River. Her Aqua tower in Chicago is currently the tallest woman-designed building in the world. Her newest design is the Vista Tower.


title: Louis Kahn

paragraphs: Louis Isadore Kahn (born Itze-Leib Schmuilowsky) ( – March 17, 1974) was an Estonian-born American architect. His career was set in Philadelphia.

paragraphs: He founded his own atelier in 1935. While continuing his private practice, he was a design critic and professor of architecture at Yale School of Architecture from 1947 to 1957. From 1957 until his death, he was a professor of architecture at the School of Design at the University of Pennsylvania.

paragraphs: Kahn died of a heart attack on March 17, 1974 in a bathroom at Penn Station in Manhattan, aged 73.


title: North Hero, Vermont

paragraphs: North Hero is a town and county seat of Grand Isle County, Vermont, United States. The population was 803 at the 2010 census.


title: The Sutherland Brothers

paragraphs: The Sutherland Brothers (Gavin and Iain Sutherland) were a Scottish folk and soft rock duo. From 1973 to 1978, they performed with rock band Quiver, and recorded and toured as Sutherland Brothers & Quiver. The group recorded several albums and had a significant international hit single with the song "Arms of Mary" in 1976.

paragraphs: In North America, they are known for their 1973 single "(I Don't Want to Love You But) You Got Me Anyway".


title: K12

paragraphs: K12 is a mountain in the Karakoram range, in India and Pakistan. K12 is part of the Saltoro subrange. It is the 60th highest mountain in the world.

paragraphs: K12 is not climbed often, as it is in the disputed Kashmir region. The first people to reach the top were Tsutomu Ito and Shinichi Takagi, in 1974.


title: IG Field

paragraphs: IG Field, which used to be called the Investors Group Field, is a football stadium in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. It opened in 2013. It is located on the University of Manitoba campus next to University Stadium. IG Field is owned by Triple B Stadium Inc., a group which includes the City of Winnipeg, the Province of Manitoba, the Winnipeg Football Club and the University of Manitoba. The stadium is home to the Winnipeg Blue Bombers (Canadian Football League), Valour FC (Canadian Premier League), the University of Manitoba Bisons football team, and the Winnipeg Rifles (CJFL).

paragraphs: The stadium can hold 33,500 people, and is partially covered. It has a corrugated metal roof, restaurant, 52 suites, walk of fame and other amenities.


title: Lennart Andersson (athlete)

paragraphs: Agne Lennart Andersson (later "Agnred", 17 January 1914 – 18 December 1997) was a Swedish triple jumper. He finished the triple jump at the 1936 Summer Olympics in 19th place and the triple jump at the 1938 European Athletics Championships in 6th place.

paragraphs: Andersson held titles for Sweden in the triple jump in 1937–38 and in the standing high jump in 1937.


title: Un Certain Matin

paragraphs: Un Certain Matin is a 1991 Burkinese award-winning movie made by . In 2011, academic Yifen Beus argued that the film reflects the filmmaker’s experience in filmmaking as a female director, While feminists also argued similarly that the film was meant to demystify it.


title: Knut Agnred

paragraphs: "Knut" Axel Lennart Agnred (born 29 February 1956 in Johannebergs församling in Gothenburg) is a Swedish singer and comedian. He is known for being a member of Galenskaparna och After Shave.

paragraphs: Knut Agnred is the son of the athlete Lennart Andersson, who adopted the surname Agnred. He was learning electrical engineering after studying at Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg. He has also worked caring for elderly people at Kålltorps sjukhem in Gothenburg. He has been a member of the comedy group After Shave since it started in 1979. Agnred has written lyrics and music for several songs performed by Galenskaparna och After Shave.

paragraphs: Agnred has worked with Ken Wennerholm and Göran Rudbo in Triple & Touch and released a solo album called "Text & music" in 2004. In March 2009, the death metal band Despite released their first album "In Your Despite". Knut Agnred contributed to the album's first track "Mindplague".


title: Dieter Birr

paragraphs: Dieter "Maschine" Birr (born 22 March 1944 in Köslin, Pommern, Nazi Germany) is a German singer, guitarist and composer. He was a longtime member of the rock band Puhdys, which dissolved in 2016.

paragraphs: Dieter Birr was trained as a grinder and at the same time taught himself how to play the guitar. From 1966 to 1972 he studied dance music, music theory and guitar at Musikschule Friedrichshain in East Berlin. Until 1969 he was a member of the bands Telestars, Luniks (including Fritz Puppel), Jupiters and Evgeni-Kantschew-Quintett. In 1969, he became frontman of the Puhdys, which became the most commercially successful rock band in GDR history. Birr composed around 250 songs for the band. He got his nickname "Maschine" after band member Peter Meyer described him as an "eating machine".

paragraphs: In 1974, Birr appeared in a supporting role in the DEFA film "Elective Affinities".

paragraphs: In 1986, Amiga released his first solo album, "Intim", which was not commercially successful. In the meantime, he worked on lyrics for Dunja Rajter and the Wildecker Herzbuben, and others.

paragraphs: In his second solo album, "Maschine", released in 2014, Julia Neigel, Wolfgang Niedecken and Toni Krahl also appeared as duet partners. The album contains some new additions to well-known Puhdys hits from the 1970s, including "Geh zu ihr" and "Wenn ein Mensch lebt". Also in 2014, on his 70th birthday, Birr's autobiography "Maschine – Die Biografie." was released.

paragraphs: In 2016, the third solo album "Neubeginner" was released after the end of the Puhdys. In 2017, he sang together with Romano on the song "Karl May", which appeared on his album "Copyshop". In 2019, he appeared at Lieder auf Banz with Julia Neigel.

paragraphs: Birr lives in Neuenhagen bei Berlin and has been married since 1979 in his second marriage. He has two children. His son Andy Birr is a vocalist, guitarist and drummer of the pop band Bell, Book & Candle.


title: Odonatoptera

paragraphs: The Odonatoptera are a superorder (sometimes treated as an order) of ancient flying insects.

paragraphs: It includes all kinds of dragonflies, and is placed in the Palaeoptera.

paragraphs: The dragonflies and damselflies are the only living members of this group. It was was far more diverse in the late Paleozoic and contained gigantic species, including the griffinflies (or "giant dragonflies") of the order Protodonata. This lineage dates back at least to the Pennsylvanian, not quite 320 million years ago.


title: Del Boy

paragraphs: Derek Edward Trotter, more commonly known as Del Boy (born 12 July 1948), is the fictional lead character in the popular BBC sitcom "Only Fools and Horses" and one of the main characters of its prequel, "Rock & Chips". He was played by David Jason in the original series and was portrayed as a teenager by James Buckley in the prequel. Del Boy is often considered one of the greatest comedy characters in British television history and also an iconic character of British culture. In 2001, in a survey conducted by Channel 4, Del Boy was ranked fourth on the 100 Greatest TV Characters list.


title: Patrick Moore

paragraphs: Sir Patrick Alfred Caldwell-Moore (4 March 1923 – 9 December 2012) was an English astronomer, researcher and television presenter. He is known for his books and his television series “The Sky at Night”. He became known as a specialist in Moon observation and for creating the Caldwell catalogue.


title: Skil Brum

paragraphs: Skil Brum is a mountain in the Karakoram range, in Pakistan. Skil Brum is part of the Baltoro Muztagh subrange. It is the 65th highest mountain in the world.

paragraphs: The first people to reach the top were Fritz Wintersteller and Marcus Schmuck, in 1957.


title: Eddie Duran

paragraphs: Edward Lozano Duran (September 6, 1925 – November 22, 2019) was an American jazz guitarist. He was born in San Francisco. He recorded often with Vince Guaraldi. He was a member of the Benny Goodman orchestra during the 1970s.

paragraphs: Duran died on November 22, 2019 in Sonoma, California at the age of 94.


title: Uljana Semjonova

paragraphs: Uļjana Larionovna Semjonova (, born 9 March 1952) is a retired Soviet-Latvian basketball player.

paragraphs: Her height is . Semjonova was the leading women's basketball player in the world in the 1970s and 1980s. She was known for having the largest feet ever in women's basketball.

paragraphs: She mainly played for TTT Riga, which was part of Daugava Voluntary Sports Society.


title: Quitman County, Mississippi

paragraphs: Quitman County is a county in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, 8,223 people lived there. Its county seat is Marks. The county is named after John A. Quitman, Governor of Mississippi from 1835 to 1836 and from 1850 to 1851.

paragraphs: Quitman County is in the Mississippi Delta region of Mississippi.


title: Romanel-sur-Morges

paragraphs: Romanel-sur-Morges is a municipality in Morges in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.


title: Longford, Kansas

paragraphs: Longford is a city in Clay County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 79.


title: La Chaux (Cossonay)

paragraphs: La Chaux is a municipality in Morges in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.


title: Ferreyres

paragraphs: Ferreyres is a municipality in Morges in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.


title: Seadrift, Texas

paragraphs: Seadrift is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.


title: Jonah Goldberg

paragraphs: Jonah Goldberg is an American conservative political commentator, writer and podcaster. He was the Senior Editor for National Review. He still writes for them.

paragraphs: He started a new conservative media company called The Dispatch He writes "the Goldberg File" also known as "the G-file", about politics and his dogs, there.

paragraphs: He hosts "the Remnant with Jonah Goldberg" podcast.


title: Ginger beer

paragraphs: Ginger beer is a non-alcoholic soft drink that is flavored with ginger root. Ginger beer is much spicier than ginger ale. Ginger beer is popular in some Caribbean countries such as Trinidad.

paragraphs: Traditional ginger beer is naturally sweetened and carbonated, and usually non-alcoholic. It is produced by the natural fermentation of prepared ginger spice, yeast and sugar.


title: Buru

paragraphs: Buru is an island in Indonesia. About a third of the people are indigenous, mostly Buru, but also Lisela, Ambelau and Kayeli people. Between 1658 and 1942, Buru was colonised by the Dutch East India Company and then by the Crown of the Netherlands. The Japanese army had the island between 1942 and 1945. In 1950, it became part of independent Indonesia. During president Suharto's New Order administration in the 1960s–1970s, Buru was a prison for thousands of political prisoners. The famous Indonesian writer Pramoedya Ananta Toer wrote most of his novels, including "Buru Quartet" in that prison.

paragraphs: Buru island is between two seas of the Pacific Ocean – Seram Sea () on the north and Banda Sea () to the south and west. To the east, is the Manipa Strait () then Seram Island (). The area of Buru is . Buru is the third largest Maluku Islands.

paragraphs: Buru is shaped like an oval. It is about from east to west and from north to south. The highest point on the island () is the peak of Mount Kapalatmada. The island is mostly mountainous, especially in the central and western parts. Much of the island is covered with tropical rain forest.

paragraphs: Buru is between Australia and Asia. Its plants and animals are unique.

paragraphs: The island belongs to the Indonesian province of Maluku (). It is split into Buru Regency () and South Buru Regency ().

paragraphs: As of the 2010 Census, the population of the islands administered as Buru was 161,828 people; at the 2015 Intermediate Census this rose to 186,779. About 68.3% in the northern regency and 31.7% in the southern;

paragraphs: One of the first mentions of Buru is in the Nagarakretagama in 1365. That is an Old Javanese funeral speech for Hayam Wuruk, the ruler of the Majapahit Kingdom.

paragraphs: In the 16th–17th centuries Buru was claimed by the rulers of Ternate island and by the Portuguese. But neither nation controlled the island. They only visited it for trade. Makassar people from Sulawesi island built fortifications on Buru. The Makassars forced the locals to grow valuable spices, such as clove.

paragraphs: The Makassars and Dutch East India Company both wanted the spices in the east of the Malay archipelago. They fought a war. In 1648, the Dutch forced the Makassar out of Buru. The Dutch destroyed farms and buildings because they could not stay on Buru and afraid that the Makassars might come back. They came back with with four cannon and staffed by 24 soldiers in 1658 at the southern coast of Kayeli Bay. They built a permanent settlement and fortress. The Dutch forced about 2,000 local island people to move to Kayeli Bay. Many of them were nobles. The Dutch wanted to control the local people and make them work in the clove fields. These local Kayeli people became important leaders.

paragraphs: The Dutch East India Company ended in the early 18th century. All its land in the Malay archipelago became property of the Dutch crown. Buru was divided into regencies. Local rulers called rajascontrolled the regencies for the Dutch. All rajas were Kayeli tribal nobles.

paragraphs: The demise of Kayeli dominance began in the 1880s, when the leaders of Leliali, Wae Sama and Fogi clans moved significant parts of their ethnic groups to their original settlements; they were joined in the early 1900s by Tagalisa. By then, many other of the original 13 Kayeli villages were either abandoned or had lost their rajas. By about 1910, the leading role of the Kayeli clan had almost disappeared.

paragraphs: From the spring of 1942 to the summer of 1945, the Japanese army controlled all of the Dutch East Indies, including Buru. The island was bombed by the Allies planes. They were attacking the Namlea Airport.

paragraphs: After Japan lost the war, control of the island went back to the Netherlands. In December 1946, Buru, along with the other Maluku Islands, Sulawesi and Lesser Sunda Islands, was included in a partly independent State of East Indonesia. It was set up by the Dutch government. They planned to let their East Indies slowly become a dependent state. In December 1949, eastern Indonesia joined the Republic of the United States of Indonesia.

paragraphs: In April 1950, Buru, Ambon, Seram and some smaller nearby islands started an independent Republic of South Moluccas. They promised to keep close political ties with the Netherlands. The Republic of Indonesia tried to absorb the RMS by talking. But, this failed. So, the Republic of Indonesia started a six-month war in July 1950. In December 1950, the Republic of Indonesia controlled Buru and it became part of the Republic of Indonesia.

paragraphs: Between 1950 and 1965, the new government wanted to make Buru part of Indonesia. In the 1960s and 1970s, during the military regime of General Suharto, Buru became a main prison. Most prisoners were Communists and other left-wing representatives, and intellectuals. Most camps on Buru were closed in 1980. More than 12,000 people had been prisoners. At least several hundred had died or been killed.

paragraphs: One of the prisoners was an Indonesian writer, Pramoedya Ananta Toer. He was in prison for 14 years (1965–1979). He wrote there many of his novels, including most of "Buru Quartet". Until 1975, Toer was not allowed pencil or paper. He memorized his novels and told them to his cellmates. They helped him to remember the stories.

paragraphs: Buru is linked with other parts of Indonesia by sea. It has two main ports in Namlea and Namrole. The military airfield at Namlea (runway 750 meters) is used for air transportation. Most local transportation is on roads.

paragraphs: Traditionally, work and culture in villages changed with seasons and people moved to follow work. and food. Men hunted wild pigs called Buru babirusa, deer, and possum. Women gathered wild vegetables. During the west monsoon (November to April) both men and women worked together in the fields. The soil on the island was not good, so sometimes villages moved to newer, better soil. Sometimes people would move their whole village after some 20 years of using one piece of land. Most settlements were small.

paragraphs: Traditional Buru clothes are similar those of most other Indonesia peoples. Men wear sarongs and a long-skirted tunic. Women also wear sarongs but a shorter jacket. Color of clothes is different for the different tribes of the island.

paragraphs: Both Indonesian and foreign scientists study the special plant and animal life on the island. But, the original plants on the coast and much of the mountain forest have been cut or destroyed for farming. Only two large areas rain forest are still in the mountains. These are protected areas called Gunung Kapalat Mada (1,380 km) and Waeapo (50 km).


title: Scott Island

paragraphs: Scott Island is a small island in the Ross Sea, Southern Ocean. No people live here. It covers an area of 0.04km² with an 63m high. In 1902, William Colbeck found this island. New Zealand claims to be their island.


title: Lucas, Kansas

paragraphs: Lucas is a city in Russell County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 393.


title: Dorrance, Kansas

paragraphs: Dorrance is a city in Russell County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 185.


title: 2019 London Bridge stabbing

paragraphs: On the afternoon of 29 November 2019, police were called to a stabbing attack on London Bridge, in Central London, England. Five people were stabbed, and two died of their injuries. The attacker was shot by City of London Police and died at the scene. Police declared the attack a terrorist incident.


title: Joan Staley

paragraphs: Joan Staley (born Joan Lynette McConchie; May 20, 1940 – November 24, 2019) was an American actress and model. She was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota. She was known for her roles in "The Untouchables", "77 Sunset Strip" and "The Ghost and Mr. Chicken". She was a Playboy Playmate in November 1958.

paragraphs: Staley died on November 24, 2019 at a hospital in Santa Clarita, California of heart failure at the age of 79.


title: Cyrus Chothia

paragraphs: Cyrus Homi Chothia (19 February 1942 – 26 November 2019) was an English biochemist. He was an emeritus scientist at the Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB) at the University of Cambridge and emeritus fellow of Wolfson College, Cambridge.

paragraphs: Chothia died on 26 November 2019 at the age of 77.


title: Maarit Feldt-Ranta

paragraphs: Maarit Kristiina Feldt-Ranta (26 April 1968 – 27 November 2019) was a Finnish politician. She represented the Social Democratic Party of Finland. She had represented the electoral district of Uusimaa in the Parliament of Finland from March 2007 through April 2019. In 2017, she was elected as the vice-chair of the party. Feldt-Ranta was born in Karis, Finland.

paragraphs: In January 2019, Feldt-Ranta announced her retirement because she was re-diagnosed with stomach cancer. In May, she stopped treatment. She died six months later on 27 November from the disease at the age of 51.


title: Agnes Baker Pilgrim

paragraphs: Agnes Emma Baker Pilgrim (September 11, 1924 – November 27, 2019) was a Native American spiritual elder. She was born near Grants Pass, Oregon. She was the oldest member of her tribe, the Takelma.

paragraphs: Pilgrim was Elected Chairperson of the International Council of 13 Indigenous Grandmothers at its founding in 2004. "She was honored as a "Living Treasure" by the Confederated Tribes of Siletz, and as a "Living Cultural Legend" by the Oregon Council of the Arts." She was Leader of the Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians.

paragraphs: Pilgrim died on November 27, 2019 in Grants Pass at the age of 95.


title: Marion McClinton

paragraphs: Marion McClinton (July 26, 1954 – November 28, 2019) was an American theatre director, playwright, and actor. He was born in Saint Paul, Minnesota.

paragraphs: He was nominated for the Tony Award for "King Hedley II". He won the 2000 Vivian Robinson Audelco Black Theatre Awards, Director/Dramatic Production and the 1999–2000 Obie Awards, Direction, for "Jitney", and was nominated for the Drama Desk Award. He directed an Off-Broadway production of "Pure Confidence" in May 2009 as part of Americas Off Broadway Festival.

paragraphs: McClinton died from renal failure in Saint Paul on November 28, 2019, at age 65.


title: Jaegwon Kim

paragraphs: Jaegwon Kim (Daegu, September 12, 1934 – November 27, 2019) was a Korean-American philosopher. He was an emeritus professor at Brown University, but who also taught at several other leading American universities. He was best known for his work on mental causation and the mind-body problem. His issues are well represented by the papers collected in "Supervenience and Mind: Selected Philosophical Essays" (1993).

paragraphs: Kim died on November 27, 2019 at the age of 85.


title: Data Gunj Buksh Town

paragraphs: Data Gunj Buksh Town is an administrative town (tehsil) in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. It forms one of the ten towns of Lahore City District.


title: Huron, Kansas

paragraphs: Huron is a city in Atchison County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, 54 people lived there.

paragraphs: Huron was platted in 1882. This is when the railroad was extended to that point. The city was named after Col. Anthony Huron, an original owner of the town site.

paragraphs: According to the United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

paragraphs: As of the 2010 census says that there were 54 people, 20 households, and 13 families living in the city.


title: Lussy-sur-Morges

paragraphs: Lussy-sur-Morges is a municipality in the Morges district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.


title: Cottens, Vaud

paragraphs: Cottens is a municipality in Morges in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.


title: Cuarnens

paragraphs: Cuarnens is a municipality in Morges in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.


title: Dizy, Switzerland

paragraphs: Dizy is a municipality in Morges in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.


title: Pampigny

paragraphs: Pampigny is a municipality in Morges in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.


title: Echandens

paragraphs: Echandens is a municipality in Morges in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.


title: L'Isle, Switzerland

paragraphs: L'Isle is a municipality in Morges in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.


title: Willowbrook, Kansas

paragraphs: Willowbrook is a city in Reno County, Kansas, United States, and a suburb of Hutchinson. As of the 2010 census, 87 people lived there.

paragraphs: As of the 2010 census says that there were 87 people, 35 households, and 33 families living in the city.


title: Simpson, Kansas

paragraphs: Simpson is a city in Cloud and Mitchell counties in Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, 86 people lived there.

paragraphs: Simpson was first called Brittsville. It had started in 1871 when a mill opened at the site. The present name was adopted in 1882 in honor of Alfred Simpson, an original landowner.

paragraphs: The first post office at Brittsville was created in June 1874. It was renamed Simpson in April 1882.

paragraphs: As of the 2010 census says that there were 86 people, 36 households, and 26 families living in the city.

paragraphs: Simpson schools were closed through school unification. The Simpson High School mascot was Simpson Coyotes.


title: Hunter, Kansas

paragraphs: Hunter is a city in Mitchell County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, 57 people lived there.

paragraphs: The first post office in Hunter was created in 1895. It was named for Al Hunter, an early settler. Hunter was incorporated in 1915.

paragraphs: Hunter has hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system says that Hunter has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

paragraphs: As of the 2010 census says that there were 57 people, 33 households, and 15 families living in the city.

paragraphs: Hunter is served by USD 299 Sylvan-Lucas Unified Schools.

paragraphs: Hunter High School was created in 1917. Hunter, Sylvan Grove and Vesper schools merged to form Sylvan Unified schools in 1966. In 2010, Sylvan Unified merged with Lucas-Luray schools to form Sylvan-Lucas Unified.

paragraphs: The Hunter High School mascot was Hunter Huntsmen. Sylvan Unified as well as Sylvan-Lucas Unified mascot is the Mustangs.


title: Tipton St John

paragraphs: "This is about the village in the Devon. For other places called Tipton, see Tipton (disambiguation)."

paragraphs: Tipton St John is a village in the parish of Ottery St Mary in the county of Devon in England. About 350 people live there. The village is near the River Otter.

paragraphs: The Tipton St Johns railway station closed in 1967.

paragraphs: The village has a pub called The Golden Lion.

paragraphs: The village primary school has 97 students and 16 staff. It is run by Devon County Council.


title: Montgomery County, Mississippi

paragraphs: Montgomery County is a county in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, 10,925 people lived there. Its county seat is Winona.


title: Sharkey County, Mississippi

paragraphs: Sharkey County is a county in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, 4,916 people lived there. Its county seat is Rolling Fork.


title: Fort Sumner, New Mexico

paragraphs: Fort Sumner is a village in the state of New Mexico in the United States. It is the county seat of De Baca County.


title: Anthony Martial

paragraphs: Anthony Jordan Martial is a French football player who plays for Manchester United FC and the French national team. Martial started playing football at Les Ulis. He moved to Lyon to start playing professionally. He moved to AS Monaco in 2013, and then to Manchester United in 2015.


title: Tomb Raider: The Last Revelation

paragraphs: According to Egyptian legend, Horus, son of the light, outwitted the evil god Set and imprisoned him in a secret tomb. Five thousand years later, Lara Croft discovers the lost tomb and unwittingly unleashes Set, fulfilling the ancient prophecy of his return to plunge mankind into darkness! In a race against time, Lara must use all her wit and skill to re-imprison Set and save the world from Armageddon.


title: Fractionating column

paragraphs: A fractionating column is a device often used in chemistry to separate low-boiling point liquids from high-boiling point liquids during fractional distillation. A large outdoor fractionating column is a fractionating tower.


title: Bismuth(III) nitrate

paragraphs: Bismuth(III) nitrate is a salt of bismuth, in the 3+ oxidation state, and the nitrate anion. Its chemical formula is Bi(NO).


title: Fairview, Kansas

paragraphs: Fairview is a city in Brown County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, 260 people lived there.

paragraphs: Fairview was founded in 1872. It was named for its scenic setting.

paragraphs: According to the United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

paragraphs: As of the 2010 census says that there were 260 people, 130 households, and 71 families living in the city.


title: Wayne County, Mississippi

paragraphs: Wayne County is a county in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, 20,747 people lived there. Its county seat is Waynesboro.


title: Panola County, Mississippi

paragraphs: Panola County is a county in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, 34,707 people lived there. Its county seats are Sardis and Batesville.


title: Pearl River County, Mississippi

paragraphs: Pearl River County is a county in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, 55,834 people lived there. Its county seat is Poplarville. It used to be called Hancock County.


title: Pike County, Mississippi

paragraphs: Pike County is a county in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, 40,404 people lived there. Its county seat is Magnolia.


title: Morrill, Kansas

paragraphs: Morrill is a city in Brown County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, 230 people lived there.

paragraphs: Morrill was planned out in 1878 when the St. Joseph and Western Railroad was extended to that point. It was named for Kansas governor Edmund Needham Morrill, the 13th Governor of Kansas.

paragraphs: As of the 2010 census says that there were 230 people, 88 households, and 66 families living in the city.

paragraphs: Morrill is served by USD 113 Prairie Hills.

paragraphs: Morrill High School was closed through school unification. The Morrill High School mascot was Tigers.


title: Saint-Livres

paragraphs: Saint-Livres (or Saint Livers in English) is a municipality in Morges in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.


title: La Rogivue

paragraphs: La Rogivue was an independent municipality in Vaud, Switzerland. On 1 January 2003, it became part of the municipality Maracon.


title: Lavigny, Vaud

paragraphs: Lavigny is a municipality in Morges in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland.


title: Malapalud

paragraphs: Malapalud was a municipality in Echallens in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. On 1 January 2009, it became part of the the municipality Assens.


title: Mosnang

paragraphs: Mosnang is a municipality in Toggenburg in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.


title: Oberhelfenschwil

paragraphs: Oberhelfenschwil is a municipality in Toggenburg in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.


title: Montherod

paragraphs: Montherod is a municipality in Morges in the Swiss canton of Vaud.


title: Guam kingfisher

paragraphs: The Guam kingfisher ("Todiramphus cinnamominus") is a reddish-orange bird in the kingfisher family, having blue wings and being about the same size as a North American robin. The only known Guam kingfishers left on Earth seem to live in captivity, with a breeding program having been established. There are an estimated 140 Guam kingfishers left. The Guam kingfisher is one of two subspecies, the other being the now-extinct Micronesian kingfisher.


title: Haramosh Peak

paragraphs: Haramosh Peak is a mountain in the Karakoram range, in Pakistan. Skil Brum is part of the Rakaposhi-Haramosh subrange. It is the 68th highest mountain in the world.

paragraphs: The first people to reach the top were an Austrian expedition, in 1958.


title: Uranyl nitrate

paragraphs: Uranyl nitrate is a salt of the cation uranyl, and the nitrate anion. Its formula is UO(NO). Chemists make it by mixing uranium salts with nitric acid. Uranyl nitrate dissolves in some solvents, like water and ethanol.


title: Acetone peroxide

paragraphs: Acetone peroxide (also called APEX) is a very explosive and dangerous chemical compound. It is often seen as a dimer or trimer. This means that the molecules of acetone peroxide are connected to each other two or three times.

paragraphs: Acetone peroxide does not see much use in armies around the world, because it does not last very long. It only lasts around 10 days. However, it is very popular among terrorist groups, because it is cheap to make and very energetic. It is also one of the few explosives that do not contain nitrogen, making it hard to find.


title: Metric ton

paragraphs: A metric ton is a unit of measurement for mass. It is equal to 1000 kilograms, or one megagram (one million grams). When people talk about a ton, in countries which use the SI system of units, they mean the metric ton. The metric ton is usually abbreviated to t.


title: Electric match

paragraphs: An electric match is a device that uses electricity to ignite a flammable compound. Usually, it is made of two wires. When an electric current is applied to the two wires, they will ignite the compound. Electric matches are used when it is important to know the exact time at which the compound catches fire. Example uses include airbags, pyrotechnic devices (fireworks) and explosives.

paragraphs: Because they can be used to ignite explosives, some countries have trade restrictions on electric matches.


title: Boyolali Regency

paragraphs: Boyolali () is a regency () in the east part of Central Java province in Indonesia. Its capital is Boyolali.


title: Henri Biancheri

paragraphs: Henri Biancheri (30 July 1932 – 1 December 2019) was a French footballer player and sports executive. He played midfielder for 14 seasons including seven at AS Monaco FC. After he retired as a player, he became a commercial director at Adidas from 1966 to 1986.

paragraphs: Biancheri died on 1 December 2019 at the age of 87.


title: Shelley Morrison

paragraphs: Shelley Morrison (born Rachel Mitrani, also known as Rachel Domínguez; October 26, 1936 – December 1, 2019) was an American actress. Her best known role was Rosario Salazar in the NBC comedy television series "Will & Grace". She also had a recurring role in the soap opera "General Hospital" in 1982.

paragraphs: Morrison died at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles on December 1, 2019 of heart failure, aged 83.


title: Cedars-Sinai Medical Center

paragraphs: Cedars-Sinai Medical Center is a non-profit, tertiary 886-bed hospital and academic health science center. It is located in Beverly Grove in the Mid-City West area of Los Angeles, California. The hospital has a staff of over 2,000 physicians and 10,000 employees.


title: Paul Sirba

paragraphs: Paul David Sirba (September 2, 1960 – December 1, 2019) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He was bishop of the Diocese of Duluth, Minnesota from 2009 until his death. He was born in Saint Paul, Minnesota.

paragraphs: Sirba died on December 1, 2019 in Duluth, Minnesota of a heart attack at the age of 59.


title: Pat Sullivan (American football)

paragraphs: Patrick Joseph Sullivan (January 18, 1950 – December 1, 2019) was an American football player and coach. He won the Heisman Trophy in 1971. He then played six seasons in the National Football League (NFL) with the Atlanta Falcons and Washington Redskins.

paragraphs: Sullivan was a head football coach at Samford University, from 2007 to 2014. He was the head football coach at Texas Christian University (TCU) from 1992 to 1997 and the offensive coordinator at the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) from 1999 to 2006.

paragraphs: Sullivan was added into the College Football Hall of Fame as a player in 1991.

paragraphs: Sullivan died on December 1, 2019 at his Birmingham, Alabama home from throat cancer-related problems, aged 69.


title: Brian Tierney (medievalist)

paragraphs: Brian Tierney (May 7, 1922 – November 30, 2019) was an English historian and a medievalist. He was a member of the faculty of the Catholic University of America for eight years until becoming professor of medieval history at Cornell University in 1959, becoming the Goldwin Smith Professor of Medieval History in 1969. He was the first Bowmar Professor of Humanistic Studies in 1977.

paragraphs: Tierney was born in Scunthorpe, North Lincolnshire. He died on November 30, 2019 at his home in Ithaca, New York at the age of 97.


title: North Lincolnshire

paragraphs: North Lincolnshire is a unitary authority area in Lincolnshire, England, with a population of 167,446 at the 2011 census. There are three major towns: Scunthorpe, the administrative centre, Brigg and Barton-upon-Humber.


title: Milagrosa Tan

paragraphs: Milagrosa Tan (1957/1958 – 30 November 2019) was a Filipina politician. She was the Governor of Samar from 2001 through 2010 and again from June 2019 through her death. She was the first female governor of the province. She was a member of the House of Representatives of the Philippines.

paragraphs: Tan died at a hospital in Taguig from cardiac arrest on 30 November 2019, aged 61.


title: Harold Rahm

paragraphs: Harold Joseph Rahm (February 22, 1919 – November 30, 2019) was a Catholic priest and Jesuit. He was well known for his work with gangs and inner-city youth in El Paso, Texas. From there he went to Campinas, Brazil, where he worked at prevention and treatment of drug addiction.

paragraphs: Rahm died on November 30, 2019 in Campinas, Brazil at the age of 100.


title: Petr Málek

paragraphs: Petr Málek (; 26 November 1961 in Moravský Krumlov – 30 November 2019 in Kuwait) was a Czech sport shooter. He won the Silver Medal in skeet at the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games. He was Cyprus coach 2002–2008 and later a private coach.


title: Mariss Jansons

paragraphs: Mariss Ivars Georgs Jansons (14 January 1943 – 30 November/1 December 2019) was a Latvian-Russian conductor. Jansons was seen as one of the world's top living conductors. He was best known for his versions of Mahler, Strauss and Russian composers such as Tchaikovsky, Rachmaninoff and Shostakovich.

paragraphs: He worked for the Oslo Philharmonic, where he was music director from 1979 to 2000. He also directed the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra from 1997 to 2004, the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra from 2003 until his death, and the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra from 2004 to 2015.

paragraphs: Jansons died either late on 30 November or during the early hours of 1 December 2019 in Saint Petersburg, Russia from cardiovascular disease, aged 76.


title: Michael Howard (historian)

paragraphs: Sir Michael Eliot Howard (29 November 1922 – 30 November 2019) was a British military historian.

paragraphs: He was a Professor of the History of War, Honorary Fellow of All Souls College, Regius Professor of Modern History at Oxford University, Robert A. Lovett Professor of Military and Naval History at Yale University and founder of the Department of War Studies King's College London.

paragraphs: In 1958, he co-founded the International Institute for Strategic Studies.

paragraphs: Howard was called by "Financial Times" as "Britain's greatest living historian".


title: Irving Burgie

paragraphs: Irving Louis Burgie (July 28, 1924 – November 29, 2019), also known as Lord Burgess, was an American songwriter. He was known as "one of the greatest composers of Caribbean music". Burgie was born in Brooklyn. He wrote 34 songs for Harry Belafonte, including eight of the 11 songs on the Belafonte album "Calypso" (1956), the first album of any kind to sell one million copies. Burgie also wrote the lyrics of the National Anthem of Barbados.

paragraphs: Burgie died on November 29, 2019 in Queens of heart failure at the age of 95.


title: Martin Dempsey

paragraphs: Martin Edward Dempsey (born March 14, 1952), sometimes known as Marty Dempsey, is a retired United States Army general. He was the 18th Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from October 1, 2011 until September 25, 2015. He was the 37th Chief of Staff of the Army from April 11, 2011 to September 7, 2011. He retired on September 25, 2015.

paragraphs: He now is a professor at Duke University and as a chairman of USA Basketball.


title: Ken Kavanagh

paragraphs: Thomas Kenrick Kavanagh (12 December 1923 — 26 November 2019) was an Australian Grand Prix motorcycle road racer and racecar driver. He was born in Melbourne. In 1952, Kavanagh became the first Australian to win a motorcycle Grand Prix race when he won the 350cc Ulster Grand Prix.

paragraphs: Kavanagh died in Bergamo, Italy on 26 November 2019 at the age of 95.


title: Commissioner of Food and Drugs

paragraphs: The United States Commissioner of Food and Drugs is the head of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services. The commissioner is appointed by the President of the United States with confirmation of the Senate. The commissioner reports to the Secretary of Health and Human Services.


title: Frank E. Young (physician)

paragraphs: Frank Edward Young (September 1, 1931 – November 24, 2019) was an American physician. He was Commissioner of Food and Drugs from 1984 to 1989 and later as a Deputy Assistant Secretary in the United States Department of Health and Human Services during the Ronald Reagan presidency.

paragraphs: Young died of lymphoma on November 24, 2019, in Wilmington, North Carolina at age 88.


title: Mineola, New York

paragraphs: Mineola is a village in Nassau County, Long Island, New York, United States. The population was 18,799 at the 2010 census. The name Mineola is Algonquin for "pleasant village".


title: Wayne Shorter

paragraphs: Wayne Shorter (born August 25, 1933) is an American jazz saxophonist and composer.

paragraphs: In the 1960s, he joined Miles Davis's Second Great Quintet, and from there he co-founded the jazz fusion band Weather Report. He has recorded over 20 albums as a bandleader.

paragraphs: Shorter has won 11 Grammy Awards. "The New York Times" called Shorter in 2008 as "probably jazz's greatest living small-group composer and a contender for greatest living improviser."

paragraphs: In 2017, he was awarded the Polar Music Prize.


title: Thelma Schoonmaker

paragraphs: Thelma Colbert Schoonmaker (born January 3, 1940) is an Algerian-born American movie editor. She is known for working with director Martin Scorsese for over fifty years.

paragraphs: She started working with Scorsese on his first movie "Who's That Knocking at My Door" (1967), and edited all of Scorsese's movies since "Raging Bull" (1980). Schoonmaker has received seven Academy Award nominations for Best Film Editing, and has won three times—for "Raging Bull" (1980), "The Aviator" (2004), and "The Departed" (2006).


title: Ronnie Hawkins

paragraphs: Ronald Hawkins, OC, (born January 10, 1935) is an American-Canadian rock and roll singer-songwriter. He was born in Huntsville, Arkansas but his career is based in Toronto, Ontario. He is known as an important singer for the Canadian rock genre scene.

paragraphs: His hit songs included covers of Chuck Berry's "Thirty Days" (entitled "Forty Days" by Hawkins) and Young Jessie's "Mary Lou", a song about a "gold-digging woman". Other well-known recordings are "Who Do You Love?", "Hey Bo Diddley", and "Susie Q".


title: Public health observatory

paragraphs: In the UK, a public health observatory (PHO) is a public health and

paragraphs: wellness project. On 1 April 2013, the regional Public Health Observatories (PHOs) transferred along with the specialist observatories and the National Cancer Intelligence Network into Public Health England (PHE).

paragraphs: PHO uses the word observatory, from astronomy, to show objectivity in measuring well-being.

paragraphs: Public health, environmental health, diet, recreation, outdoor education, exercise and other concerns are explored by most public health observatories.

paragraphs: The London Health Observatory pioneered methods in measuring social capital and how this affects healing and health in general.

paragraphs: There was a network of public health observatories, one in each of the nine regions in England. There are health observatories in Wales, Scotland and Ireland.

paragraphs: The Association of Public Health Observatories (APHO) represented the network of public health observatories across the UK and Ireland. It became part of Public Health England, along with all the English observatories except Lincolnshire on 1 April 2013. The Lincolnshire observatory continues with the support of the County Council.


title: Sophie Wilmès

paragraphs: Sophie Wilmès (; born 15 January 1975) is a Belgian politician. In October 2019, she became the  Prime Minister of Belgium. She is the first female head of government of Belgium and of Jewish descent.


title: Sentinel (sculpture)

paragraphs: Sentinel () is a 16m high sculpture by Tim Tolkien. It is on Spitfire Island, a roundabout at the intersection of the Chester Road and the A47 Fort Parkway at the entrance to the Castle Vale estate in Birmingham.

paragraphs: It is near Junction 5 of the M6 motorway and the Jaguar car factory. This used to be the Castle Bromwich aircraft factory. It shows three Spitfires peeling off up into the air in different directions. The half-scale Spitfires are made of aluminium, with curving steel supporting beams which act as vapour trails. It captures the dynamics of the Spitfire in flight and commemorates the nearby Castle Bromwich factory where most of Britain's wartime Spitfires were built.

paragraphs: The project began in 1997. The project has won awards. The project was part of the regeneration of the Castle Vale estate. It was funded by the National Lottery. Tolkien was appointed as artist in residence. He consulted local residents about an art feature. They liked the area's links to World War II aircraft. They would like a sculpture with Spitfires. The sculpture was opened on 14 November 2000. The sculptor is the great-nephew of J. R. R. Tolkien who was the author of "The Lord of the Rings," and who grew up in Birmingham.

paragraphs: The main commercial sponsors of the spitfire sculpture were from Jaguar, Rubery Owen Holdings and Cincinnati. Both Cincinnati and Rubery Owen Holdings made parts for the Spitfires. They were put together at the Castle Bromwich Spitfire and Avro Lancaster bomber factory. This is the factory where Jaguar cars are now made.

paragraphs: The Castle Bromwich Aerodrome Factory was built in 1940 to produce planes for the war effort. About 12,000 Spitfires were made there from 1940 to 1945. Over 37,000 test flights were made from Castle Bromwich Aerodrome. The completed planes were towed across the road from the factory to the Aerodrome. The sculpture was unveiled by Alex Henshaw. He was the Chief Test Pilot for spitfires.

paragraphs: The aerodrome site is now the Castle Vale estate.


title: Patrick Pinney

paragraphs: Patrick Pinney (born June 30, 1952) is an American actor and voice actor.


title: Fitzhugh Mullan

paragraphs: Fitzhugh Mullan (July 22, 1942 – November 29, 2019) was an American physician, writer, educator, and social activist. He worked in the founding of the Student Health Organization, the National Coalition for Cancer Survivorship, Seed Global Health, and the Beyond Flexner Alliance.

paragraphs: Mullan was a professor of Health Policy and Management and of Pediatrics at the George Washington University and the George Washington University Health Workforce Institute. He was an elected member of the National Academy of Medicine. He was born in New York City.

paragraphs: Mullan died on November 29, 2019 in Bethesda, Maryland of lung cancer at the age of 77.


title: Lil Bub

paragraphs: Lil Bub, officially Lil BUB (June 21, 2011 – December 1, 2019), was an American celebrity cat. She was known for her unique physical appearance. Her owner, Mike Bridavsky, adopted her when his friends called to ask him to give her a home. Her photos were first posted to Tumblr in November 2011, before being taken off after being featured on the social news website Reddit.

paragraphs: "Lil Bub" on Facebook has over three million likes. Lil Bub stars in "Lil Bub & Friendz", a documentary premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival on April 18, 2013, that won the Tribeca Online Festival Best Feature Film.

paragraphs: Lil Bub died of a bone infection on December 1, 2019 at the age of 8, which lead to a overwhelming degree of sorrow over her death on social media.


title: Kelly Loeffler

paragraphs: Kelly Lynn Loeffler (; born November 27, 1970) is an American businesswoman, political donor and politician. Loeffler is the junior United States Senator from Georgia since January 6, 2020, before which she had no political experience. She is a member of the Republican Party.

paragraphs: She was the chief executive officer of Bakkt and the part-owner of the Atlanta Dream of the Women's National Basketball Association.

paragraphs: On November 27, 2019 Governor Brian Kemp's said that Loeffler was his top pick to replace Senator Johnny Isakson. Kemp formally picked Loeffler as his senate pick.

paragraphs: Loeffler is very wealthy and may be one of the wealthiest members of the United States Senate.

paragraphs: Kelly was born on November 27, 1970, in Bloomington, Illinois. She was raised on the family farm in Stanford, I.L.

paragraphs: According to the non-partisan Center for Responsive Politics, Loeffler and her husband have donated 3.2 "million" dollars to political committees. While the majority of these donations have gone to the Republican Party, some donations have gone to Democrats, including Representative David Scott (GA–13), a Democrat, who received $10,200. Loeffler donated $750,000 to Restore Our Future, a Super PAC supporting former Governor Mitt Romney's 2012 presidential campaign. The National Republican Senatorial Committee received $247,500 from Loeffler and her husband.

paragraphs: Loeffler first considered running for office in 2014. She briefly expressed interest in seeking the Republican nomination in the 2014 United States Senate election in Georgia but ultimately passed on the race because of Intercontinental Exchange's pending acquisition with the New York Stock Exchange.

paragraphs: Kelly is 49 years old. In 2004, Loeffler, then 34, married businessman Jeffrey Spreecher. Spreecher is 15 years older than Loeffler. They have no children.


title: Aktobe

paragraphs: Aktobe (; ) is a city in Kazakhstan. In 2017, it had a population of roughly 413,918 people.


title: Ivan Drago

paragraphs: Ivan Drago (Russian: Иван Драго) is a fictional soviet Russian boxer created and played by Dolph Lundgren. He first appeared in the 1985 movie Rocky IV starring Sylvester Stallone.


title: North Sulawesi

paragraphs: North Sulawesi () is a province of Indonesia. It is on the northeastern peninsula of the island of Sulawesi. This is called the Minahasa Peninsula. The province is south of the Philippines and southeast of Sabah, Malaysia. The Maluku Sea is to the east, the Gorontalo and Celebes Sea is to the west, and the Gulf of Tomini is to the southwest. The province's area is 13851.64 sq.km, and its population was 2,270,596 at the 2010 census;

paragraphs: The province's capital, business center, and largest city is Manado. Other major towns are Tomohon and Bitung. There are many tall mountains from high. The province is a young volcanic region. There are many eruptions and active volcanic cones.

paragraphs: In the past, Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch and the Kingdoms around this area fought over the riches in North Sulawesi such as spices, rice and gold. The region was also the trading route between west and east and this helped the spread of Christianity, Islam, and other religions. The Portuguese first landed in the 16th century. The Spanish and the Dutch came and the Portuguese fought them. Finally, the Dutch got control in the 17th century. The Dutch ruled the area for three centuries until the Japanese came at the start of World War II. After the Japanese lost WWII in 1945, the Dutch controlled the area again for a short time. They left in 1949. , following the Round Table Conference, in which the Dutch recognized the newly created United States of Indonesia (RIS). So, North Sulawesi became part of the territory of the State of East Indonesia (NIT). The people did not like NIT, so it became part of the Republic of Indonesia in 1950. At first, the island of Sulawesi was one single province. Soon it separated into several different provinces. So, the province of North Sulawesi started on 14 August 1959.

paragraphs: The area around North Sulawesi used to be called Minahasa. The name is still used sometimes. The word Minahasa comes from the words Mina-Esa (Minaesa) or Maesa which means being one or uniting This name shows hope to unite the ethnic groups of the area including the: Tontemboan, Tombulu, Tonsea, Tolour (Tondano), Tonsawang, Ponosakan, Pasan, and Bantik. The word "Minahasa" was first used by J.D. Schierstein, the Dutch regent of Manado, in his report to the Governor of Maluku on 8 October 1789.

paragraphs: Archaeological research has revealed signs of human life in North Sulawesi since 30,000 years ago, based on evidence in the cave Liang Sarru on the island of Salibabu. Other evidence shows life about 6,000 years ago on the Passo Hillside Site in Kakas District and 4,000 years ago to early AD at the Liang Tuo Mane'e cave in Arangkaa on Karakelang Island.

paragraphs: At the end of the 16th century, Portuguese and Spanish arrived in North Sulawesi. The Portugal was the first western nation to arrive in North Sulawesi. A Portuguese ship landed at Manado The Sultanate of Maguindanao controlled the northern islands at that time. The Portuguese built the fort at Amurang.

paragraphs: The Spanish ship docked on the island of Talaud and Siau, on to Ternate. Spain built the Fort in Manado, since then Minahasa started in control of Spain. The resistance against the Spanish occupation culminated in 1660–1664.

paragraphs: The Dutch ship landed in Manado City in 1660 in assisting the struggle of the Minahasa Confederation against Spain. The United Nations republican association of members of the Minahasa Confederation entered into a Trade Agreement with the VOC. This trade cooperation agreement then made the VOC monopolize the trade, which gradually began to impose its will, eventually leading to the 1700s resistance in Ratahan which culminated in the Dutch Minahasa-War in 1809–1811 at Tondano.

paragraphs: The Spanish had already colonized the Philippine Islands. They made Minahasa a coffee plantation. Spain made Manado a center of coffee trade for Chinese merchants. Some Minahasan tribes helped Spain capture the Portuguese fort at Amurang in the 1550s. The Spanish colonists then built the fort in Manado. Finally, Spain controlled all Minahasa.

paragraphs: In the 16th century one of the first Indo-Eurasian communities in the archipelago was in Manado. The first king of Manado was Muntu Untu (1630). He was half Spanish ancestry. Spain later gave Minahasa to the Portuguese in exchange for 350,000 ducats in a treaty. The rulers of Minahasa sent Supit, Pa'at, and Lontoh to fight with the Dutch to force the Portuguese out of Minahasa. They succeeded in 1655. They built their own fortress in 1658 and forced out the last Portuguese a few years later.

paragraphs: By the beginning of the 17th century the Dutch had overthrown the sultanate of Ternate. They began to reduce the power of Spain and Portugal in the archipelago. In 1677 the Dutch conquered the Sangir archipelago. Two years later, Robert Padtbrugge, the governor of Maluku, visited Manado. He made an agreement with the Minahasan chiefs. This let the Dutch dominate for the next 300 years. However, direct rule by the Dutch only began in 1870. The Dutch helped unite the Minahasa confederation. In 1693 the Minahnians won a military victory against the Mongondow tribe in the south. Dutch influence increased and Christianity and European culture grew in Minahasa. The missionary schools in Manado in 1881 were one of the first attempts of mass education in Indonesia. Graduates of the schools could find work as civil servants, in the army, and in the Dutch East Indies government. Minahasa relations with the Dutch were often poor. There was a war between the Dutch and Tondano in 1807 and 1809. The Minahasa territory was not under Dutch direct rule until 1870. But eventually the Dutch and Minahasa became very close. So, Minahasa was often called the 12th Dutch province. Even in 1947, Manado formed the political movement of Twapro, short for Twaalfde Profincie (Twelfth Province) who wanted formal integration of Minahasa into the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

paragraphs: The Japanese occupied the area from 1942 to 1945. was a period of deprivation, and the allied forces bombed Manado greatly in 1945. During the period of independence thereafter, there was a split between pro-Indonesian and pro-Dutch Minahasa. The appointment of Sam Ratulangi as the first East Indonesia governor then succeeded in winning Minahasa support to the Republic of Indonesia. After Indonesian independence, Indonesia is divided into 8 Provinces, and Sulawesi is one of these provinces. Sulawesi's first governor was S.G.J.Ratulangi, also known as a national hero. In 1948 in Sulawesi was formed the State of East Indonesia, which later became one of the states within the United States of Indonesia. The State of East Indonesia was dissolved, and merged into the Republic of Indonesia. Based on Law Number 13 Year 1964, formed North Sulawesi Province. 14 August 1959 was designated as the anniversary of the province.

paragraphs: In March 1957, North and South Sulawesi military leaders demanded more freedom from Java. They wanted more active development, sharing tax money fairly, and help against Kahar Muzakar's rebellion in South Sulawesi. They wanted a central government led by both Sukarno and Hatta equally. At first the movement of the 'Permesta' (Charter of the Struggle of the Universe) was merely a movement of reform rather than a separatist movement.

paragraphs: Negotiations between the central government and Sulawesi military leaders prevented violence in South Sulawesi, but Minahasan leaders were not satisfied with the outcome of the agreement and the movement broke out. Fearful of southern dominance, Minahasan leaders declared their own North Sulawesi autonomous state in June 1957. At that time the central government had controlled South Sulawesi, but in the North there were no strong figures of the central government and there were rumors that the United States was armed with rebellion in Sumatra North, also has links with Minahasan leaders.

paragraphs: The possibility of foreign intervention prompted the central government to request military assistance from southern Sulawesi. The Permesta forces were later removed from Central Sulawesi, Gorontalo, Sangir, and Morotai in Maluku. Permesta planes (supplied by the US and flown by Philippine, Taiwanese, and American Pilots) were destroyed. The US then moved on, and in June 1958 the central government army landed in Minahasa. The Permesta uprising ended in mid-1961.

paragraphs: The Sumatra and Sulawesi rebellions failed. They even helped to create what they did not want as the center reacted to the threat of rebellion. The central government authority increased while regional autonomy became weaker. Radical nationalism became stronger. Communist party power and Sukarno's power increased while Hatta weakened. Sukarno finally established guided democracy in 1958.

paragraphs: Since the 1998 reforms, the Indonesian government has begun to adopt laws that enhance regional autonomy, the main idea that Permesta fights for.

paragraphs: The climate of North Sulawesi is tropical with muzon winds. The West winds bring rain to the the north coast from November to April. It changes to a dry south wind from May to October. Annual rainfall is from 2000 to 3000 mm. There are about 90–140 rainy days. Temperatures average 25 degrees Celsius. The average maximum air temperature was recorded at 30 degrees Celsius and the minimum average air temperature was 22.1 degrees Celsius.

paragraphs: The province of North Sulawesi is in the northern peninsula of Sulawesi Island. It is one of three provinces in Indonesia in important places on the Pacific Rim. The other two provinces are North Sumatra and Aceh Special Region. North Sulawesi is near the equator at 0.30–4.30 North Latitude (Lu) and 121–127 East Longitude (BT). The peninsula stretches from east to west. The Sangihe and Talaud Islands are the parts of the province farthest north. These are North Sulawesi's boundaries:

paragraphs: Most of mainland North Sulawesi Province is mountains and hills with valleys in between. Some mountains in North Sulawesi are Mount Klabat (1,895 m) in North Minahasa, Mount Lokon (1,579 m), Mount Mahawu (1,331 m) in Tomohon, Mount Soputan (1,789 m) in Southeast Minahasa, Mount Dua Saudara (1,468 m) in Bitung, Mount Awu (1,784), Mount Space (1,245 m), Mount Karangketang (1,320 m), Mount Dalage (1,165 m), in Sangihe and Talaud, Mount Ambang (1,689 m), Mount Gambula (1954 m) and Mount Batu Balawan (1,970 m).

paragraphs: The two largest lakes are: Lake Tondano (area of 4,278 ha) in Minahasa and Lake Moat (area 617 ha) in East Bolaang Mongondow. The main rivers are Tondano River (40 km), Poigar River (54.2 km), Ranoyapo River (51.9 km), Talawaan River (34.8 km) in Minahasa. Dumoga River (87.2 km), Sangkub River (53.6 km), and Ongkaw River (42.1 km) are in Bolmong and Bolmut.

paragraphs: Along the coast of North Sulawesi, both on the mainland coast and on the coast of the islands, there are several headlands and bays. The soil in the area was fertile for agriculture.

paragraphs: Most of the plants and animals in North Sulawesi are like those in other parts of Indonesia. But, there are some animals in the province such as Deer, Maleo, Taong, Mini Tarsius Spectrum in Bitung City Nature Reserve And Coelacanth off the coast of Manado.

paragraphs: In the sea off North Sulawesi, there are several species of fish, coral, and plankton. Some marine fish are important sources of foreign exchange, including: tuna, skipjack, yellow tail, lobster, and others.

paragraphs: Much of North Sulawesi is forest. Forests start at sea level and may continue to mountain tops. Good quality timber, including ebony (wooden) iron wood, linggua, cempaka, wooden nantu, gopasa, and meranti. There are also plantation crops such as coconut, nutmeg, and cloves.

paragraphs: North Sulawesi counted 2,270,596 people in the 2010 Census. The population was 1.41% higher than ten years before. The largest ethnic groups are the Minahasan in the north of the province and the Mongondow to the south. The province's main city is Manado (population of 432,300 in 2019). In 2010, about 68% were Christian. Christians in North Sulawesi are mostly Protestant but there are also some Catholics. This is unusual in mostly Muslim Indonesia. Dutch missionaries were very successful during the colonial time. Also, because the Muslim-majority region of Gorontalo left North Sulawesi to become the new Gorontalo (province) in 2000. Muslim, Hindu, and Buddhist minorities also live in the province. Manado also has a significant Judaism community. Currently, the only synagogue in Indonesia is in Manado. There are an estimated 800 Jewish people in Manado.

paragraphs: Many groups of people live together in this province. The largest group of people are the Minahasa people. They mostly lived in Bitung City, Manado City, Tomohon City, Minahasa Regency, North Minahasa Regency, South Minahasa Regency and Southeast Minahasa Regency. Other ethnic groups are the Bolaang Mongondow, Sangihe, Talaud and Siau. Ethnicity in North Sulawesi is more heterogeneous then other parts of Indonesia. The Minahasan and Bolaang Mongondow are spread almost throughout the region of North Sulawesi mainland. The Sangihe, Talaud and Siau mostly inhabit the Sangihe Islands, Talaud Island, and Lembeh Island, especially in coastal areas north, east and west of mainland North Sulawesi. The Bajau people are seafaring nomads who has migrated from the Sulu Archipelago in the Philippines, due to the conflict in Mindanao. They live in coastal villages of North Sulawesi in the northern part of North Minahasa Regency.

paragraphs: In addition to the natives, North Sulawesi is also home to migrants. There are a significant Chinese population in North Sulawesi, especially around the city of Manado. The Chinese are also one of the first people to have contact with the local people before the European came. According to the discovery of Chinese ancient letters in the Tompaso area, Minahasa shows the cultural interaction between the Chinese and Minahasa have existed since the Han dynasty. Most of the Chinese people in North Sulawesi are Hakka, but some Hokkien and Cantonese people also live there.

paragraphs: Other ethnic groups such as the Javanese and the Sundanese also exist. They are mostly migrated from where they come from due to the Transmigration program enacted by the Dutch during the colonial era until the Suharto era. They generally live in urban areas, such as Manado and Tomohon.

paragraphs: North Sulawesi is a multilingual culture. Many languages are used and people usually speak at least two and often more languages. Indonesian is the official language of the province an other parts of Indonesia. Official documents from the provincial government and road signs are all written in Indonesian. However, most people in the province communicate everyday in Manado Malay. This language is like Indonesian but not the same. Minahasan people speak Minahasan languages. These are the five Minahasan languages in the area: Tonsawang, Tontemboan, Toulour, Tonsea and Tombulu. To the south, people speak Mongondow language and Gorontalo language. In the north islands near the Philippines, local people speak Visayan languages.

paragraphs: Other language in North Sulawesi are Javanese, Sundanese, and Balinese. People from other parts of Indonesia speak these languages. Hakka is also spoken by some Chinese people in Manadao. Hokkien and Cantonese are also spoken. English and Mandarin are often understood where there are many tourists, such as the Bunaken National Park. Older people may understand Dutch and Portuguese. People who lived in islands near the Philippines may understand Tagalog.

paragraphs: North Sulawesi has eleven regencies () and four independent cities (). They are listed below.


title: Thiệu Trị

paragraphs: Thiệu Trị ([tʰiəw˧˨ʔ t͡ɕi˧˨ʔ]; 16 June, 1807 – 4 October, 1847), personal name Nguyễn Phúc Miên Tông, was the third emperor of the Nguyễn Dynasty in Vietnamese History. His reign prolonged 7 years, from 1841 until his death in 1847.

paragraphs: Emperor Thiệu Trị was the eldest son of Emperor Minh Mạng; his mother was Empress Consort Tá Thiên Nhân (personal name Hồ Thị Hoa). He was born in Huế in 1807. Just 13 days after giving birth to Miên Tông, Empress Hồ Thị Hoa deceased, he was taken care by his grandmother, Empress Dowager Nhân Tuyên.

paragraphs: In 1830, Minh Mạng conferred "Duke of Trường Khánh" to Miên Tông. Thiệu Trị has many wifes and concubines, as well as children. The most famous wife of him was Empress Từ Dụ, mother of Tự Đức, the fourth emperor of the Nguyễn Dynasty.

paragraphs: According to the recorded history, the eldest son of Thiệu Trị, Nguyễn Phúc Hồng Bảo, didn't like studying at all. So he left the throne to his second son, Nguyễn Phúc Hồng Nhậm (Emperor Tự Đức).


title: Typhoon Kammuri (2019)

paragraphs: Typhoon Kammuri (; Rōmaji: "kanmuri"), known in the Philippines as Typhoon Tisoy, was a powerful tropical cyclone. It made landfall in the Bicol Region of the Philippines. Kammuri developed into a low pressure system on November 23, 2019. By November 25, it was a tropical depression and it started to develop rainbands. As it developed into a Category 1-equivalent storm, Kammuri started heading towards the Philippines. Before landfall, Kammuri underwent rapid intensification and became a Category 4-equivalent. It made landfall on the Philippines near midnight on December 2, 2019.


title: Võ Thị Viên

paragraphs: Võ Thị Viên (or Viện) (? – ?), was a royal concubine of Emperor Thiệu Trị of the Nguyễn Dynasty in Vietnamese History.

paragraphs: Võ Thị Viên was born in Huế, was the daughter of Deputy's Bodyguard Võ Hữu Linh. Not known about her birth's year as well as her death's year. She served as a concubine for Thiệu Trị when he hadn't yet been crowned. Although her inferior position, She still received the special love from the Emperor Thiệu Trị much more than the other primary wifes of him. It can be seen that his fondness for this concubine was not because of his family background.

paragraphs: In 1841, Thiệu Trị crowned, lady Viên was granted the title "Cung tần" ("Imperial maid"). In 1843, she again was granted Tam giai Lương tần ("Third-rank of Royal Concubine Lương tần"), and in 1846, she was elevated to Nhất giai Lương phi ("First-rank of Royal Concubine Lương phi").

paragraphs: Lương phi Võ Thị Viên, along with Đoan tần Trương Thị Thận (another concubine of Thiệu Trị), were two women that born most children for Thiệu Trị. She gave birth to 6 children:

paragraphs: It's unclear where Lương phi Võ Thị Viên was buried.


title: Robert K. Massie

paragraphs: Robert Kinloch Massie III (January 5, 1929 – December 2, 2019) was an American historian and biographer. His career focused on the history of the House of Romanov, Russia's imperial family from 1613 to 1917. He was born in Versailles, Kentucky. He won the 1981 Pulitzer Prize for Biography for "". From 1987 to 1991, Massie was President of the Authors Guild, and he served as an "ex officio" council member.

paragraphs: Massie died of Alzheimer's disease-related problems on December 2, 2019 in Irvington, New York at the age of 90.


title: Fumihito, Prince Akishino

paragraphs: Fumihito was born in Imperial Household Hospital in Tokyo, He is the younger brother of Emperor Naruhito and the younger son of Emperor emeritus Akihito and Empress emerita Michiko.

paragraphs: He is the heir presumptive to the Chrysanthemum Throne. He has had the title and has headed his own branch of the imperial family.


title: Dieter Hertrampf

paragraphs: Dieter "Quaster" Hertrampf (born 29 November 1944 in Berlin, Nazi Germany) is a German guitarist and singer. He is a founding member of the rock band Puhdys.

paragraphs: Together with his parents and brother, Hertrampf grew up in Berlin-Friedrichshain. He still lives in Berlin. Hertrampf first learned guitar playing in 1959 by self-teaching himself. In 1960, he began training as a traffic draftsman and was also a member of a skiffle band. In 1961, he became a member of the "Homedia Combo", before leaving the band after almost two years. He then played for a year with the band "Dieter-Frank-Combo". In 1965, he was one of the founding members of the "Puhdys" with Peter Meyer, Udo Jacob and Harry Jeske. The "d" in the band name stands for "Dieter". He got his nickname "Quaster" from the other members of the band when he had trouble loading the The Shadows song "Quartermaster's Store". Hertrampf began studying music at the Musikschule Friedrichshain and in 1968 joined the bands Gruppen Teisco-Quartett, Die Collins and the Uve Schikora Combo. After graduating from music school in 1969, he returned to the Puhdys, where he was lead guitarist and one of the singers until it ended in 2016. He sang the popular song by the Puhdys called "Alt wie ein Baum", which was released in 1977.

paragraphs: In 1987, "Liebe Pur," his first solo album, was released on the record label Amiga. After the Puhdys originally ended in 1989, he founded a lighting company and was co-owner of a nightclub. From 1992 he played again wirh the Puhdys. After the Puhdys ended, Dieter Hertrampf became dedicated to his solo projects "Ich bereue nichts", "Quaster & Friends" and "Quaster unplugged", with which he has traveled since 2016. He participates as a guest in various projects, such as "Bonfire and Friends" and "Ostrock meets Classic". Dieter Hertrampf is married to Liane Hertrampf. Together they have a daughter. Hertrampf's son Sven is a member of the drum band "Stamping Feet". His son who is related to him via adoption, Carsten Mohren, was a musician with Rockhaus.


title: Hans Gruber

paragraphs: Hans Gruber is a fictional character and the main villain of the 1988 action movie "Die Hard" played by Alan Rickman. Gruber is a smart thief and terrorist from West Germany who holds the Nakatomi Plaza hostage to steal $640 million in bonds.

paragraphs: Gruber has gone on to become one of the most iconic villains in movie history, as well as often being ranked as the greatest action movie villain of all time and one of Rickman's most iconic roles.

paragraphs: In the near end of "Die Hard", John McClane shoots Gruber and he falls from the window. As Gruber hangs from the edge of the window he tried to shoot McClane but falls thirty stories to his death.


title: Goar Vartanian

paragraphs: Goar Levonovna Vartanian ( ; 25 January 1926 – 25 November 2019) was an Armenian woman who spied for the Soviet Union together with her husband Gevork Vartanian.

paragraphs: She became a member of an anti-fascist group in 1942. They uncovered and prevented Operation Long Jump, an attempt by the Nazis to murder Joseph Stalin, Winston Churchill, and Franklin Roosevelt at the Tehran Conference in 1943.

paragraphs: Vartanian died on 25 November 2019 at the age of 93.


title: John, Paul, George, Ringo ... and Bert

paragraphs: John, Paul, George, Ringo … and Bert is a 1974 musical by Willy Russell based on the story of the Beatles.

paragraphs: The first show was at the Everyman Theatre in Liverpool in May 1974. It ran for eight weeks. In August 1974 it moved to the Lyric Theatre in London. It ran for a year. It was named "Best Musical of 1974" by the Evening Standard Theatre Awards and London Critics' awards. It featured the music of the Beatles performed by Barbara Dickson.

paragraphs: It also ran in Ireland in 1977 and in the United States in 1985.

paragraphs: An Original Cast Recording album was released from RSO Records.

paragraphs: George Harrison stated that he saw the play with Derek Taylor. He disliked it. He walked out while of the London premiere and withdrew his permission to use his song "Here Comes the Sun". It was replaced with "Good Day Sunshine".

paragraphs: After part of the play was shown on BBC television, Paul McCartney criticised it for being biased against him and in favour of Lennon. He objected to the suggestion that it was McCartney and not Lennon who was responsible for the break-up of the Beatles. McCartney blocked a proposed film version of the musical.


title: Lyudmila Verbitskaya

paragraphs: Lyudmila Verbitskaya (née, Людмила Алексеевна Бубнова; October 17, 1936 – November 24, 2019) was a Russian linguist and teacher. She was president of Saint Petersburg State University. She was born in Leningrad.

paragraphs: Verbitskaya was rector (1994-2008), and then president (2008-2019) of Saint Petersburg State University. She also was the chair of the Russian Academy of Education from 2013 through 2018.

paragraphs: Verbitskaya died in St. Petersburg on November 24, 2019 at the age of 83.