title: Titanic II

paragraphs: Titanic II is a disaster-drama movie from 2010. It is not a sequel to the movie from 1997. Certain movie websites, however, say this movie may be a mock of the 1997 hit movie. The movie "Titanic II" is about the "SS Titanic II" luxury liner sent on a maiden voyage exactly 100 years after the original RMS "Titanic", except the "Titanic II" is operating in reverse opposite the original ship. The more recent ship exits New York City and heads to United Kingdom at Southampton. Like the earlier ship, however, she crashes into an iceberg killing most of the ship's passengers and crew. Only a handful of people survive. "Titanic II" was condemned by many critics as a rip-off of James Cameron's 1997 movie. The criticisms involved mostly plot and movie directions.


title: Brooke Burns

paragraphs: Brooke Burns (born March 16, 1978, though some sources cite 1977) is an American actress, fashion model and television personality She acts mostly in movies which are direct to video and in certain television programs. She starred as Jennifer Cullen in the television movie "The Most Wonderful Time of the Year" in 2008. Burns was born in Dallas, Texas.


title: Linacre College, Oxford

paragraphs: Linacre College is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford. It was founded in 1962, and was the third graduate-only college at the University. It was the first graduate college founded at Oxford to admit both male and female students.


title: Botanical name

paragraphs: A botanical name is a formal scientific name which follows the "International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants" (ICN). If it concerns a plant cultigen, the additional cultivar term must follow the "International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants".

paragraphs: The code of nomenclature covers "all organisms traditionally treated as plants, whether fossil or non-fossil, e.g. blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria); fungi, including chytrids, oomycetes, and slime moulds; photosynthetic protists and taxonomically related non-photosynthetic groups".

paragraphs: The purpose of a formal name is to have a single name which is accepted and used worldwide for a particular plant or plant group. For example, the botanical name "Bellis perennis" was given to a plant species which is native to most of the countries of Europe and the Middle East, where it has various names in many languages. Later it has been introduced worldwide, bringing it into contact with more languages.

paragraphs: Some English names for this plant species are: daisy, English daisy, lawndaisy. In other languages, some examples are: , , , .

paragraphs: The cultivar "Bellis perennis" 'Aucubifolia' is a golden-variegated horticultural selection of this species.

paragraphs: Depending on rank, botanical names may be in one part (genus and above), two parts (species and above, but below the rank of genus) or three parts (below the rank of species):

paragraphs: A name in three parts, i.e., an infraspecific name (a name for a taxon below the rank of species), needs a "connecting term" to indicate rank. In the "Calystegia" example above, this is "subsp." (for subspecies). In botany there are many ranks below that of species (in zoology there is only one such rank, subspecies, so that this "connecting term" is unnecessary there). A name of a "subdivision of a genus" also needs a connecting term (in the "Acacia" example above, this is "subg.", subgenus). The connecting term is not part of the name itself.

paragraphs: For botanical nomenclature, the "ICBN" prescribes a two-part name or binary name for any taxon below the rank of genus down to, and including the rank of species. Taxa below the rank of species get a three part name.

paragraphs: A binary name consists of the name of a genus and an epithet.


title: Jean Kent

paragraphs: Jean Kent (Joan Mildred Summerfield; 29 June 1921 – 30 November 2013) was a British movie and television actress. She was also known as Jean Carr. She was born in Brixton, London. Kent was known for her role as Mille Harris in "The Browning Version".

paragraphs: Kent died in Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk on 30 November 2013, aged 92. She died following a fall a few days earlier at her home in Westhorpe, Suffolk.


title: House of Orléans

paragraphs: The House of Orléans was a French noble and royal family. It descends from Louis XIV of France and his only brother Philippe, Duke of Orléans. The families main traditional home was the Palais Royal in Paris. The family later became very powerful during the reign of Louis Philippe I. He ruled France under the title "King of the French". The king successfully married his children into other royal families of Europe.

paragraphs: The present head of the house is Prince Henri of Orléans. He is known as the Count of Paris. He also claims the title King of the French, but is known simply as "His Royal Highness The Count of Paris" and sometimes the "Duke of France". However, the titles are not officially recognised because France is no longer a monarchy. Henri has been a claimant to the throne since 1999. The Count was married to Duchess Marie Thérèse of Württemberg. She is herself a daughter of a one-time claimant to the throne of Württemberg.


title: Vicente Aleixandre

paragraphs: Vicente Pío Marcelino Cirilo Aleixandre y Merlo (April 26, 1898 – December 14, 1984) was a Spanish poet. He was born in Seville. Aleixandre won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1977. He was part of the Generation of '27. He died in Madrid from tuberculosis in 1984.


title: Airline alliance

paragraphs: An airline alliance is when two or more airlines make an agreement to work with each other. The three largest airline alliances are Star Alliance, SkyTeam, and Oneworld. Airline alliances make it easier for passengers to travel around the world, reducing their stops or connections. The biggest alliance is Star Alliance, which has 28 member airlines such as United, Lufthansa, and Air Canada. The second biggest is SkyTeam, which has 19 members including Delta, KLM, and Air France. The third biggest alliance is Oneworld, which has 13 members including American Airlines, British Airways, and Qantas.

paragraphs: Membership and market data for the largest airline alliances (as of March 2013)


title: Star Alliance

paragraphs: Star Alliance is the world's first and largest airline alliance. Its headquarters are in Frankfurt, Hesse, Germany. It was founded in 1999 by five airlines: Scandinavian Airlines, Thai Airways International, Air Canada, Lufthansa, and United Airlines. Varig Brazilian Airlines was the first airline to join, in 1997. In 2013, the alliance now has 28 member airlines with more than 21,100 daily departures combined. These flights fly to 1,329 airports in more than 150 countries, carrying 678.7 million passengers.


title: Grand Prairie, Texas

paragraphs: Grand Prairie is a city in Dallas County, Tarrant County, Ellis County in the state of Texas. It is a rather big city with a population of 175,336 people in 2010. Grand Prairie is part of a bigger region known as the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex made up of Dallas and Fort Worth and their suburbs or cities outside of them.


title: Dallas County, Texas

paragraphs: Dallas County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2010, the population was 2,368,139.

paragraphs: The head of the county and biggest city is Dallas. It is the second most populated county in Texas after Harris County. It is the ninth most populated in the whole United States.

paragraphs: The county has a total area of 909 square miles.

paragraphs: These school districts are in Dallas County:


title: People's Liberation Army

paragraphs: The People's Liberation Army (or simply PLA) is the armed forces of the Communist Party of China. The army was established (founded) on August 1, 1927. The People's Liberation Army is the largest military force in the world. It has about 2,250,000 personnel or employees (about 0.18% of the population of China) under the Central Military Commission.

paragraphs: The PLA consists of five main branches: the PLA Ground Force, PLA Navy (PLAN), PLA Air Force (PLAAF), Second Artillery Corps (strategic missile force), and the PLA Reserve Force. Military service is compulsory (required) of for all men and women who reach the age of 18.


title: Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China

paragraphs: Taiwan () is the claimed province by the People's Republic of China (PRC) government to be part of PRC, although officially it is currently under the control of the Republic of China (ROC) government. The recognized capital of the country is Taipei City.

paragraphs: Taiwan Province of the PRC doesn't include Kinmen County and Lienchiang County (as currently under the control of ROC government) because those countries are considered to be part of the Fujian Province of the PRC.


title: Quake

paragraphs: Quake usually means an earthquake, a shaking of the earth's surface.


title: No Ordinary Love

paragraphs: "No Ordinary Love" is a 1992 ballad. It is from the album "Love Deluxe" by singer Sade. It was in the 1993 movie "Indecent Proposal". The song hit #26 in Ireland, United Kingdom and Scotland. In June 1993, the song became a hit across the world. Sade won a Grammy Award for this ballad in early 1994. The full ballad is seven minutes and 21 seconds in length. The single edit is five minutes and 22 seconds.


title: Paul Walker

paragraphs: Paul William Walker IV (September 12, 1973 – November 30, 2013) was an American actor and philanthropist. He is best known for portraying "Brian O'Conner" in "The Fast and the Furious" film series. The first movie that he acted in was "Monster in the Closet" where he portrayed ""Professor" Bennett". Before he died, he appeared on the National Geographic Channel series Expedition Great White.

paragraphs: Walker was born in Glendale, California. His parents were Cheryl (née Crabtree), a fashion model, and Paul William Walker III, a sewer contractor and a fighter who was a two-time Golden Gloves champion, He had English ancestry, with a smaller amount of German, and possible Irish ancestry. His paternal grandfather, a professional boxer, had English immigrant grandparents. One of his grandfathers raced factory cars for Ford in the 1960s. He was the oldest of five siblings. Walker was raised primarily in the Sunland community of Los Angeles and attended high school in the San Fernando Valley, graduating from Sun Valley's Village Christian School in 1991. He was raised as a member of Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. After high school, Walker attended several community colleges in Southern California, majoring in marine biology.

paragraphs: On the afternoon of November 30, 2013, it was reported that Walker was the passenger in a friend's car when the driver lost control and crashed into a tree. The car exploded and burst into flames, killing both Walker and the driver.


title: Hexakosioihexekontahexaphobia

paragraphs: Hexakosioihexekontahexaphobia (from ) is the fear of the number 666. It comes from the Biblical verse Revelation , which says that the number 666 is the number of the beast, associated with Satan or the Antichrist.

paragraphs: A well-known example of this fear is Nancy and Ronald Reagan, who, in 1989, when moving to their home in Bel-Air, Los Angeles, had its address changed from 666 St. Cloud Road to 668 St. Cloud Road. Another well-known example was the U.S. Route 666, where accidents and incidents were common. It is known as "Devil's Highway" and renamed to U.S. Route 491.


title: British hip hop

paragraphs: British hip hop (also British rap) is a genre of music. The style happens across Ireland, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales and England. British rap music was officially observed from the 1980s-afterward, though it might have begun far earlier. Among UK rap artists who moved to the United States at young ages are Slick Rick and Young MC (aka Marvin Young).


title: American Colony, Jerusalem

paragraphs: The American Colony in Jerusalem was a colony in Jerusalem. It was established by an American and Swedish Christian utopian group in 1881. During the British Mandate of Palestine, the colony was occupied by Jordan until the Six-Day War in 1967.

paragraphs: The cemetery of the colony is located in the National Garden of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in Mount Scopus.


title: Russian Compound

paragraphs: The Russian Compound in Jerusalem is an old district in central Jerusalem. It began as a Russian colony in the 19th century. It is centred around a large Russian Orthodox church. The main square in the Russian Compound is Moscow Square.


title: Maumee, Ohio

paragraphs: Maumee is a city in northwest Ohio. It is close to Toledo. At the 2010 census, almost 14,300 people lived there. The name of the city is pronounced "mommy". The name was derived from an Native American tribe. It was established in the 19th century.


title: Brendan O'Neill (journalist)

paragraphs: Brendan O'Neill is the editor of "Spiked Online", an internet magazine about politics. He also writes for "The Big Issue", "The Australian", and "The Daily Telegraph".


title: Speciesism

paragraphs: Speciesism is thinking that humans are better than animals (although humans are technically also animals). It is also treating animals worse than humans. For example, humans often kill animals to eat. Humans rarely kill and eat other humans. The word 'speciesism' was first used in 1970 by Richard D. Ryder, an English philosopher, in a pamphlet called "Speciesism". It was made popular by Peter Singer's 1975 book "Animal Liberation". In the book the name of the fifth chapter was "Man's Dominion ... a short history of speciesism". The word 'speciesism' was first put in the "Oxford English Dictionary" in 1985.

paragraphs: In 2013 a documentary movie about speciesism called "" was released. It was made by Mark Devries. In it he compares factory farming to slavery and the Holocaust.


title: German Colony, Jerusalem

paragraphs: The German Colony in Jerusalem is a neighbourhood in Jerusalem. It began as a colony established by German Templars in 1873. The colony was built in the Valley of Rephaim on the way to Bethlehem, next to the Greek Colony. The main street of the neighbourhood today is Emek Refaim Street. The Rephaim River passes through the valley. It is also known as "White Valley".


title: Greek Colony, Jerusalem

paragraphs: The Greek Colony is a neighbourhood in Jerusalem. It started as a colony of Greeks in 1900. The Greek Colony is next to the German Colony at the end of Emek Refaim Street.


title: Richard D. Ryder

paragraphs: Richard Hood Jack Dudley Ryder (born 1940) is a British writer and psychologist. In 1969 he became involved with animal rights; he protested against an otter hunt in Dorset. In 1970 he made a new word, "speciesism". He used it in a pamphlet called "Speciesism". It is now in the Oxford Dictionary. Ryder made a theory called painism in 1990. In 2001 a book that Ryder wrote about his theory of painism was published. It was called "Painism: A Modern Morality". Painism is the idea that any being that feels pain deserves rights.

paragraphs: Ryder was born in Purbeck in Dorset. He grew up in Corfe Castle.

paragraphs: In 1971 an essay that Ryder wrote about animal testing was published in the book "Animals, Men and Morals".

paragraphs: In 1972 he joined the Council of the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA). Ryder helped to organize the first academic conference about animal rights. The conference was in August 1977 at Trinity College, Cambridge. In 1977 he became the chairman of the RSPCA. He stopped being the chairman in 1979.

paragraphs: His first book, "Victims of Science", was first published in 1975. It is about how animals were used in scientific research at the time it was written.


title: Clare Balding

paragraphs: Clare Balding OBE (born 29 January 1971) is a British television presenter. She was born in Kingsclere, Hampshire. She is openly lesbian. In 2009, she was diagnosed with thyroid cancer. She recovered later that year. In 2012, a book she wrote about her life was published. It was called "My Animals and Other Family". In February 2013 Woman's Hour, a programme on BBC Radio 4, put her on their list of the most powerful women in the UK. Balding presents "Britain's Brightest".


title: De Colores

paragraphs: De Colores is a common folk song in the Spanish-speaking world. Today, it is the anthem of the United Farm Workers movement.

paragraphs: No one knows for sure when the song first began to be sung in the Americas. The melody is thought to have been used in North and South America since the 16th century, having been brought over from Spain in the colonial era. However, the version of the lyrics sung today is thought to have been created by a group of Cursillo participants in Majorca, Spain, after one of the earliest Cursillo retreats in the 1940s.

paragraphs: Today, in addition to being used as the unofficial anthem of the United Farm Workers movement, and as an inspirational song in Cursillo workshops, the song is often taught in schools in the United States—from elementary school to community colleges—as an example of a common American folk song. It often appears in collections of children's songs.

paragraphs: "De colores" is usually sung in Spanish, but there are different English translations of the song. The song has also been translated into other languages. The lyrics depict an expression of joy and a celebration of all creation with its many bright colors. Below are four of the most commonly heard verses. Many additional verses (and variations of these verses) are known to exist, some including Christian references and some including more specific to farm life or labor union issues to be used as a rallying-song for farm-laborers.

paragraphs: Son los mil reflejos que el sol atesora.

paragraphs: Con el quiri, quiri, quiri, quiri, quiri.

paragraphs: Sí, de blanco y negro y rojo y azul y castaño.

paragraphs: De muchos colores me gustan a mí."</poem>

paragraphs: Are the little birds that come from outside.

paragraphs: Brilliant and delicate is dressed the dawn.

paragraphs: Are the thousand gleams the sun treasures.

paragraphs: With a cock-a-doodle, cock-a-doodle-doo.

paragraphs: With a cluck, cluck, cluck, cluck, cluck.

paragraphs: With a cheep, cheep, cheep, cheep, cheep.

paragraphs: The burning thirst of the King who does not die.

paragraphs: Let us bring to Christ a soul and thousand more.

paragraphs: Yes, black and white and red and blue and brown.

paragraphs: From people laughing, and shaking hands.


title: Shirley Manson

paragraphs: Shirley Ann Manson (born 26 August 1966) is a Scottish singer, songwriter, musician and actress. She was born in Edinburgh. She is best known for being the main singer of the rock band Garbage. They have released five albums.

paragraphs: Between 1992 and 1994 Manson was a member of a rock band called Angelfish. In 1994 Manson joined Garbage. They released their first album, "Garbage", the next year. The first single released from the album was "Vow". The single "Stupid Girl" reached number four in the UK. It was their best selling single in the United States. In 1998 Garbage's second album "Version 2.0" was released. It was number one in the United Kingdom, France, Belgium, and New Zealand. Six singles were released from the album. "Beautifulgarbage" was released in 2001. In 2005 "Bleed Like Me" was released. "Not Your Kind of People", Garbage's fifth album, was released in 2013.

paragraphs: In 2013 Manson made a cover of "Because the Night" with Screaming Females.

paragraphs: Manson acted in eighteen episodes of "".

paragraphs: Her first relationship was with her music teacher when she was fifteen years old. She married Billy Bush in 2010.


title: Subantarctic

paragraphs: The Subantarctic is a region in the southern hemisphere that is just north of the Antarctic region. This covers the part of the world roughly to a latitude of between 46° – 60° south of the Equator. The subantarctic region includes many islands in the southern parts of the Indian Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, and Pacific Ocean.


title: Nils Petter Molvær

paragraphs: Nils Petter Molvær (born September 18, 1960) is a Norwegian jazz trumpeter. He plays a kind of jazz called future jazz. He has won Spellemannprisen in the Open Class three times. In 1983 he joined Jazzpunkensemblet, a Norwegian jazz orchestra. He released his first solo album "Khmer" in 1998 in the United States on ECM Records. It has sold more copies than any of his later albums. Molvær played trumpet on the 2008 Hector Zazou album "Corps Electriques". Molvær was a member of a post-rock band called Jaga Jazzist.


title: Prince Edward Islands

paragraphs: The Prince Edward Islands are two islands in the subantarctic Indian Ocean. They are part of South Africa. The two islands are called Marion Island and Prince Edward Island. The only people on the islands are meteorologists and biologists.Now they are allowing more people to live there.

paragraphs: The islands were discovered in 1769 by a Dutch explorer. Different people visited the islands over the years but no one settled there. The British claimed the islands in 1908, then gave the islands to South Africa in 1948.


title: River Tyne

paragraphs: The River Tyne is a river in North East England. It is used for water sport in the summer. More than 43,500 people come and visit it every year. There is a famous bridge that crosses it called the "Tyne Bridge". Another bridge that crosses it is the Millennium Bridge. The bridges connect Gateshead to Newcastle upon Tyne.


title: Frobisher Bay

paragraphs: Frobisher Bay is an inlet of the Labrador Sea in Nunavut, Canada. It is in the southeastern corner of Baffin Island. The capital of Nunavut, Iqaluit, is near the bay. Frobisher Bay is 230 kilometers (140 miles) long and is 40 kilometers (25 miles) wide at its widest point. There are many small islands in the bay.

paragraphs: The bay was discovered in 1576 by Martin Frobisher, an English navigator who was looking for the Northwest Passage.


title: Vitamin String Quartet

paragraphs: The Vitamin String Quartet is a music group from Los Angeles. The group is known widely for tribute and cover records of rock, pop or R&B acts. The group started in 1999. They have covered songs of Lady Gaga, Natasha Bedingfield, Adele and many others. Other musicians covered by the Vitamin String Quartet include Bruce Springsteen and Madonna.


title: Midnight Memories

paragraphs: Midnight Memories is the third album by the British-Irish boy band One Direction. The album was made released or made public on 25 November 2013. It is their the third album after "Up All Night" and "Take Me Home".


title: Peter Dinklage

paragraphs: Peter Hayden Dinklage (born June 11, 1969) is an American actor who starred in the Home Box Office television series "Game of Thrones". He also starred in other movies, including "Elf" (2003), "Penelope" (2006), "Death at a Funeral" (2010) and "" (2012). Dinklage was born in Morristown, New Jersey. He was born with achondroplasia, a form of dwarfism. He studied at Bennington College. In 2005, he married Erica Schmidt. They have one daughter. He is a Catholic. He is a vegetarian and a supporter of animal rights.


title: Elf (movie)

paragraphs: Elf is an American 2003 Christmas comedy movie, directed by Jon Favreau. It stars Will Ferrell, James Caan, Bob Newhart, Zooey Deschanel, and Ed Asner with Leon Redbone. Ferrell plays a human named Buddy who is raised by elves in the North Pole. He lives the way the elves do and helps in Santa's workshop. He travels to New York City to find his father. He is used to how elves live, which is very different from how humans live, with New York being a perfectly opposite way of living compared to the North Pole.

paragraphs: The movie was released to positive reviews on November 7, 2003 by Warner Bros. The film inspired the 2010 Broadway musical "" and NBC's 2014 stop-motion animated television special "".


title: Bellis perennis

paragraphs: Bellis perennis is a very common European species of daisy, of the Asteraceae family, often considered the model type for the name "daisy".

paragraphs: Many related plants also share the name "daisy", so to distinguish this species from other daisies it is sometimes qualified as common daisy, lawn daisy or English daisy. The plant resembles Leucanthemum vulgare,a similar plant in the same family. "Bellis perennis" is native to western, central and northern Europe, but widely naturalised in most temperate regions including the Americas and Australasia.

paragraphs: Linnaeus named the plant species "Bellis perennis" in Sp. Pl. 2: 886. 1753

paragraphs: For common names, see the article in Wikispecies on "".

paragraphs: The following names are synonyms given by the Plant List:

paragraphs: It is an low herbaceous perennial plant with short rhizomes and of small rounded or spoon-shaped leaves that are long and grow flat to the ground.

paragraphs: The flower heads are in diameter. Although the 'flower' may appear to consist of a yellow centre with white petals, this is not the case. Each individual "petal" is itself an individual flower; these flowers are called ray flowers. In the centre (the "disk") there are also many tiny yellow flowers; these are called the disk flowers. The different colours and styles of flower work together in order to attract insects. The flower heads are produced on stems without leaves that are tall.

paragraphs: "Bellis perennis" is native to Northern Africa (Morocco), Southwestern Asia, and Europe; widely introduced and naturalised elsewhere.

paragraphs: The species habitually colonises grasslands, including lawns, and is difficult to eradicate. Wherever it appears it is often considered an invasive weed.

paragraphs: This daisy may be used as a leaf vegetable. Young leaves can be eaten raw in salads or cooked, noting that the leaves become increasingly astringent with age. Flower buds and petals can be eaten raw in sandwiches, soups and salads. It is also used as a tea and as a vitamin supplement.


title: Wu Chinese

paragraphs: Wu is a group of Chinese dialects spoken in the area around Shanghai in southern China.

paragraphs: Wu dialects have been spoken by some important people such as Chiang Kai-shek. However, Wu speakers are similar to speakers of Spanish and French because they can not always understand each other. In fact, the name Wu is mainly used by people who study languages.

paragraphs: There are various subgroups of the Wu dialect.

paragraphs: Like other types of Chinese, the Wu dialects are starting to be replaced by Mandarin as time goes on.


title: Military aircraft

paragraphs: A Military aircraft is an aeroplane made for military purposes. There are two basic types:


title: Astraphobia

paragraphs: Astraphobia, also called astrapophobia, brontophobia, keraunophobia, or tonitrophobia, is a fear of thunder and lightning. It is a type of specific phobia. Both humans and animals can have this type of phobia.

paragraphs: A person with astraphobia often feels fear during a thunderstorm even if there is a low chance that they will be hurt during the storm. They will sometimes look for better shelter during the storm. They might hide under a bed, under blankets, in a closet, in a basement, or anywhere else where they feel safe. A sign that a person has astraphobia is if they are very interested in weather forecasts. A person with astraphobia will want to hear news of storms that are coming by watching the weather on television or watching the storms on the internet.


title: Up All Night

paragraphs: Up All Night is the debut or first album from the British-Irish boy band One Direction. It was made available to fans and the public on 18 November 2011.


title: Zenobia

paragraphs: Zenobia (240 – c. 275 ) was a queen who ruled in the 3rd century over the Palmyrene Empire in what is today Syria. She led a famous revolt against the Roman Empire. She was the second wife of King Septimius Odaenathus. Zenobia became queen of Palmyra after Odaenathus' death in 267. By 269, Zenobia had expanded the empire, taking over Egypt from the Romans. Tenagino Probus, the Roman governor, committed suicide after his failed attempt to recapture the territory. In 272 Zenobia declared herself Empress. She ruled over Egypt until 274, when she was defeated and taken as a hostage to Rome by Emperor Aurelian.

paragraphs: Zenobia was Semitic. Many people think she was either Arab, Jewish or Aramean. She gave her son an Arabic name but her family spoke the Aramaic language, the language of the Arameans. She is known by other names, such as ' () in Arabic sources, "Zenobius" in Latin sources and ' () in Aramaic sources.


title: Whitehouse.gov

paragraphs: Whitehouse.gov is the official website of the White House. It is owned by the United States government. It was started in October 1994. It has information about events in American history, as well as current news about the President, news conferences, announcements made by the President, executive orders, and speeches that the President has made on radio.

paragraphs: The website is the responsibility of the current administration. It is changed for each new president. The content of the website is in the public domain. It is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution license.


title: Carlos Ghosn

paragraphs: Carlos Ghosn is a French-Lebanese-Brazilian businessman and internationally wanted criminal.

paragraphs: He was the Chairman and chief executive officer of Renault, which is based in Paris. He held the same positions at Nissan, based in Japan. Together, these companies produce more than 10% of cars sold around the world. Ghosn was also Chairman and CEO of the Renault-Nissan Alliance, the strategic partnership overseeing the two companies through a unique cross-shareholding agreement.

paragraphs: On January 2, 2020, Interpol issued a red notice to Lebanon seeking Ghosn's arrest.


title: Manal al-Sharif

paragraphs: Manal al-Sharif is a Saudi Arabian activist for women's rights in the kingdom. She helped start a women's right to drive campaign in 2011. A women's rights activist who had previously filmed herself driving, Wajeha al-Huwaider, filmed al-Sharif driving a car as part of the campaign. The video was posted on YouTube and Facebook.

paragraphs: Women are not allowed to drive in Saudi Arabia. Al-Sharif was arrested and released on 21 May and then rearrested the next day. On 30 May, al-Sharif was released on bail, on the conditions of returning for questioning if asked, not driving and not talking to the media. "The New York Times" and Associated Press reported the women's driving campaign as part of the Arab Spring. They reported the length of al-Sharif's detention with the Saudi government's fear of protests.

paragraphs: Following her driving campaign, al-Sharif remained an active critic of the Saudi government. She posted things on Twitter (known as tweeting) about imprisoned female foreign workers, the lack of elections for the Shura Council, and the murder of Lama al-Ghamdi. Her work has been praised by "Foreign Policy", "Time", and the Oslo Freedom Forum.


title: Kate Bornstein

paragraphs: Katherine Vandam "Kate" Bornstein (born March 15, 1948) is an American writer. She lives in New York City with her partner Barbara Carrellas. In 2012 she made a video for Dan Savage's It Gets Better Project. In August 2012 she was diagnosed with lung cancer.

paragraphs: Bornstein was born in New Jersey to a Jewish family.

paragraphs: In 1970 Bornstein joined the Church of Scientology. She left in 1981.

paragraphs: Bornstein does not feel male or female. She was born male. In 1986 she had sex reassignment surgery. She has written books about gender. The most well-known one is "Gender Outlaw".

paragraphs: In 2013 a documentary about Bornstein called "Kate Bornstein is a Queer & Pleasant Danger" was made.


title: Disconnecting switch

paragraphs: A disconnecting switch (or disconnector) is an electrical switch used in high-voltage electrical circuits to isolate the section which has electricity from the section with no electricity. This is done for a full safety method during electrical equipment maintenance or service.


title: House of Farnese

paragraphs: The House of Farnese was a noble family from Italy. They owned fine art collections within their many palaces throughout Rome. Two of their members became Popes. The famous Elisabetta Farnese was a member of the family and she had great political influence over her husband, Philip V of Spain. The family were also the rulers of the small Italian Duchy of Parma. The family's art collection was only rivalled by that of the Medici.


title: Electrostatic precipitator

paragraphs: An electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is a device to capture particles from a flowing gas. It uses the force produced by electrostatic charge. ESPs are used in many power plants which burn fuel to produce energy, such as in power stations. Any gas produced by fuel burning will pollute the air much less after being passed through an ESP.


title: Voltage spike

paragraphs: A voltage spike is a sudden increase in voltage value over a short time in power systems. It can be caused by several factors, but mostly it is due to external or internal disturbance. A voltage spike might cause an increase in current, but the increase in voltage might have been caused by the current increase as well.


title: Transmission tower

paragraphs: A transmission tower or pylon (also known as an ironman in Australia and a hydro tower in parts of Canada) is a tall tower used for electric power transmission. It carries the electrical conductors (wires) of high-voltage overhead power lines. The tower is high for a safe distance for people, animals or things below the wires.

paragraphs: Most big transmission towers are lattice steel structures. Smaller ones may be wood, concrete or steel poles.

paragraphs: Most transmission towers are built as suspension towers. They only hold up the wires, not pull them. Their insulators are used vertically.

paragraphs: Tension towers (also known as anchor towers) pull on the wires. Their insulators are used horizontally. They work as terminal towers at the end of a power line. They work as branch towers where power lines split and run in different directions.

paragraphs: Transposition towers are relatively rare. They allow the wires to change their position on the tower.


title: Donald Watson

paragraphs: Donald Watson (2 September 1910 – 16 November 2005) was an English woodwork teacher who made the word 'vegan'. He started the Vegan Society in 1944.

paragraphs: In 1924, Watson saw a pig being killed on his uncle's farm. After this he became a vegetarian. He was fourteen years old. When Watson was fifteen he left school to be an apprentice woodworker. Watson was born in Mexborough, Yorkshire.


title: Overburden

paragraphs: Overburden is the material that sits on top of an area where miners or archaeologists want to dig. In mining, it is usually the soil or rock that sits on top of a coal or ore deposit. The soil needs to be removed to get to the minerals or objects below.


title: Coal preparation plant

paragraphs: A coal preparation plant (or coal handling plant) is a place where coal is prepared for use after it has been mined. The coal is washed and resized here, before it is transported to be sold, loaded on coal transport or used locally. It is then transported to coal-fired power plants, for example.


title: Boiler feedwater pump

paragraphs: A boiler feedwater pump is a pump that supplies water to a boiler. The water can be supplied freshly from a water source (such as a reservoir) or from water that has gone through the condensation process from the previous water cycle. The pump is a high-pressure pump, and it can be found in any plant that uses boiler, such as thermal power stations.


title: Three-phase electric power

paragraphs: Three-phase electric power is a method to generate, transmit and distribute AC electricity. It is the most common method in power systems to transfer power from generation to load. Three-phase systems are usually more economical to be used than equivalent single-phase or double-phase systems.


title: Power factor

paragraphs: In electrical engineering, the power factor (PF or cosφ) is the ratio between the power that can be used in electric circuit (real power, P) and the power from the result of multiplication between the current and voltage circuit (apparent power, S). The power factor is defined as:

paragraphs: PF ranges from zero to one. The higher the PF, the more efficient the circuit is because more power can be used, and vice versa. Factors that can cause PF to be less than one is non-linear load, which are capacitive load and inductive load.


title: Laverne Cox

paragraphs: Laverne Cox is an American actress and LGBT advocate. She is best known for playing Sophia Burset in "Orange Is the New Black", a Netflix series. Burset is a transgender woman in a women's prison.

paragraphs: Laverne Cox was born in Mobile, Alabama and was raised by a single mother and grandmother within the AME Zion church. She has an identical twin brother, M Lamar, who portrays the pre-transitioning Sophia (as Marcus) in "Orange Is the New Black". Cox stated she attempted suicide at the age of 11, when she noticed that she had developed feelings about her male classmates and had been bullied for several years for not acting "the way someone assigned male at birth was supposed to act".

paragraphs: Cox is making a documentary about CeCe McDonald, an African American transgender woman who was put in prison for killing a man who attacked her. On January 13 2014 Cox met CeCe to drive her home after she was released from prison. Cox spoke at the start of the 2014 National Gay and Lesbian Task Force conference Creating Change. Cox was chosen as one of the 2014 grand marshalls for the New York City Pride March.


title: Transit bus

paragraphs: Transit buses (also city buses, town buses or public buses) are public transport vehicles that transport people for short and medium distances, especially within the same city. Public transit buses often use large or multiple exit and entry doors to make boarding and exiting easier, and have minimal to moderate luggage spaces (or none at all), and air conditioner/heating for passengers and drivers.

paragraphs: Pull chains or cords are also used on public buses. Fares are usually paid with cash, tickets or certain credit/debit cards. Many people prefer using public buses, instead of driving their own automobile for many reasons (such as not able or willing to drive).


title: Terry Funk

paragraphs: Terrence "Terry" Funk (born June 30, 1944) is an American semi-retired professional wrestler and former actor.

paragraphs: He is best known for working with National Wrestling Alliance (NWA), American Wrestling Association (AWA), World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment (WWF/E), World Championship Wrestling (WCW), Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW), Ring of Honor (ROH) and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). He is the first and only person to have been inducted into the WWE, WCW, Professional Wrestling, NWA, Hardcore, Wrestling Observer, and St. Louis Wrestling Halls of Fame.

paragraphs: He has had numerous "retirement matches" and was one of the primary subjects in the documentary movie "Beyond the Mat".


title: Leonid Gaidai

paragraphs: Leonid Gaidai (30 January 1923 – 19 November 1993), was a Soviet comedy movie director. He was born in Svobodny, Amur Oblast.


title: Maria Bello

paragraphs: Maria Elena Bello (born April 18, 1967) is an American actress and singer. She has acted in the movies "Permanent Midnight" (1998), "Payback" (1999), "Coyote Ugly" (2000), "The Cooler" (2003), "A History of Violence" (2005), "Thank You for Smoking" (2006), and "The Jane Austen Book Club" (2007). In television, she acted in the medical drama "ER" from 1997 to 1998. She stars in "NCIS". She also acted in "Touch" in 2013.

paragraphs: She was born in Pennsylvania. In November 2013, Bello wrote about having a same-sex relationship with her partner Clare Munn.


title: Paiçandu

paragraphs: Paiçandu is a city in the state of Paraná in the south of Brazil. Paiçandu was founded in 1948.

paragraphs: During 1938 and 1940 the area of land where is the County Paiçandu was inhabited by Native Americans and caboclos. There was a small cemetery that was the point of reference in the dense virgin forest, where were buried those who died at that time.

paragraphs: In the period 1942–1944, the first explorers of Minas Gerais and São Paulo were attracted by the fertility of the land. It was suitable for growing coffee. At the time the land was cleared, coffee was the largest source of wealth in the region. Facing all sorts of difficulties, farmers built their small farms and formed their crops.

paragraphs: The prospects for progress attract residents from different parts of the country. Trade prospered dramatically with the installation of warehouses and general merchandise. The good quality land started the first agricultural productions, especially the coffee culture.

paragraphs: Its name is a honor to the Brazilian Army. In the Uruguayan War, the army conquered the Uruguayan city of Paysandú.


title: Susan Stryker

paragraphs: Susan O'Neal Stryker (born 1961) is an American professor and activist. She is a lesbian transgender woman. Her first book, "Gay by the Bay: A History of Queer Culture in the San Francisco Bay Area", was published in 1996 by Chronicle Books. Stryker wrote the book with Jim Van Buskirk. It was nominated for a Lambda Literary Award.

paragraphs: She edited the 2003 essay collection "The Transgender Studies Reader". In 2005 "Screaming Queens: The Riot at Compton's Cafeteria" was released. Stryker got an Emmy Award for it. In 2008 Seal Press published Stryker's book "Transgender History". She wrote the 2013 documentary "Masculinity/Femininity". The Association for Queer Anthropology gave Stryker the 2013 Ruth Benedict Prize.


title: Gossip (band)

paragraphs: Gossip is an American indie rock band. They started in 1999 in Olympia, Washington as The Gossip. The main singer is Beth Ditto. Brace Paine is the guitarist and Hannah Blilie is the drummer. The band became popular with their third album "Standing in the Way of Control" (2006). Three singles were released from the album. The first single, "Standing in the Way of Control", reached number seven in the UK Singles Chart. Gossip's fourth album "Music for Men" was released in 2009 by Columbia Records. Their 2009 single "Heavy Cross" reached number two in Germany's chart.


title: House of Gonzaga

paragraphs: The House of Gonzaga were a noble family that ruled Mantua in Northern Italy from 1328 to 1708. They also ruled Monferrato in Piedmont, Nevers in France, and also many other lesser fiefs in Italy and Europe. Among their members was a saint, twelve cardinals and fourteen bishops of the Catholic Church.


title: Longship

paragraphs: Longships were vessels made and used for trade, exploring, and raiding. They are usually thought of as Viking ships but were used by early people on the Baltic Sea and the North Sea. It was the Vikings who mastered the design of light fast longships that could also go up rivers. At the beginning of the Anglo-Saxon period in Britain, the invading groups of Angles, Saxons, Frisians and Jutes arrived in longships. From that time on longships were also being built and used in the British Isles. When the Normans conquered England in 1066, William the Conqueror used a large fleet of longships to transport his army to England.

paragraphs: The earliest discovered longship built from traces back to BC. The ship was recovered from the Hjortspring bog in southern Denmark. Called the Hjortspring boat it was made of planks of wood sewn together with cord. The spaces between planks were filled with resin. The ship was about 59 feet (18 meters) long and was a very light and flexible design. It had a double bow and stern that looked like a bird's beak. The ship had places for 20 men to row and had a steering oar at both ends. A replica of this design was built and tested. It was very , fast and . In calm waters it averaged 6 knots (about 7 miles per hour) in speed.

paragraphs: The next design was of construction (also called ). In this design overlapping boards are held together with nails. Named the Nydam ship for being found in the Nydam bog in 1863 in south Jutland. It measured 77 feet (23.5 meters) long, a little over 11 feet (3.5 meters) wide and was about 4 feet (1.2 meters) deep. This ship was sunk (and filled with weapons) between 350–400 AD. Unlike the Hjortspring boat, the planks are held together with nails (the tips being bent over). It did not have a mast, as later designs would, it had places for 30 men to row. It also did not have a . This kind of shallow open ship could cross open sea but could be swamped (filled with water) and sink. This was a classic Northern design that in different forms could range as far as Constantinople or Newfoundland.

paragraphs: The Viking designed longship could cross an ocean or could row up a shallow river. Over time the design changed. There were many different types of longships built for different purposes. The smallest ships were the "Faering" (four oars) and "Sexaeringer" (six oars) used around the fjords to move people and for fishing.

paragraphs: Longships of from 12 to 32 oars were called "Karvi". The Gokstad Ship is a famous ship of the Karvi type. The Gokstad ship was excavated in 1880. Its mast was cut off but otherwise the ship was well preserved. It was 76 feet (23 meters) long and 17½ (5.3 meters) wide. The Gokstad ship had a keel and was made of oak. Its rudder was about 11 feet (3.3 meters) long; big enough to steer the ship in any weather. The mast stood about 40 feet (12 meters) tall.

paragraphs: A replica of the Gokstad ship sailed across the Atlantic ocean in 1893.

paragraphs: A specialized type of ship with at least 20 rowing benches was called a "snekkja", meaning 'thin and projecting.' It was a warship known to be used by both Swedish Vikings and Wends. It could carry 44 men and 2 horses. Snekkjas were one of the most common types of warship. Duke Ratibor of the Wends had 660 of this type of ship he used when he attacked Kongälf in 1135.

paragraphs: Skeid (skeið), meaning 'that which cuts through water,' ships were larger warships. Skeids usually had more than 30 rowing benches. These were the largest longships ever discovered. They had armour over the oar ports (openings for the oars) protecting the men rowing. King Aethelred of England ordered this type of ship to be made throughout England. Every district of 310 hides was to provide one such ship.

paragraphs: The largest warships of the era were of the Drakaar (dragon) type. King Olaf I of Norway had a famous longship of this design called "Long Serpent". King Olaf II of Norway had a longship named "Visunden" (the Ox). It had an Ox head carved in the . Matilda of Flanders had a ship built for her husband William the Conqueror of the Drakkar design. It was named the "Mora" and was built at Barfleur in Normandy in the summer of 1066. This type could operate in shallow water and was easy to beach.

paragraphs: Many of this type of ship were called "Knarrs". From the 9th century larger sailing ships were used for overseas trading. Many were specialized cargo ships. They were marked by having a small crew, few oars, and depended on sails for power. They had a large load capacity for a variety of cargo. An example would be the Klåstad ship. It was built in the last years of the 10th century. The ship was wrecked near Kaupang in Norway. It had a capacity of about 13 tons and a length of 69 feet (21 meters).

paragraphs: Another form of cargo ship was the horse transports used by William the Conqueror in 1066. In the "ship list" it gives a total of 776 vessels in the Conqueror's fleet. Many were for the knights and soldiers but others were used to haul the supplies and horses they needed. Earlier Vikings did not use horse transports and usually used the horses they found in the places they invaded. The Normans, however, used cavalry and needed to transport their war horses and palfreys. But the Normans in Sicily had used horse transports (1060–61) before possibly based on Byzantine ships of a similar design. The Byzantines had ships called "hippagogoi" designed to land horses which could go right into battle. Guy of Amiens observed that William's invasion force included men from Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily. William had familiar with building horse transports at his disposal. How many he built is unknown, but he did have such ships in his fleet.


title: Sabu (wrestler)

paragraphs: Terry Michael Brunk (born December 12, 1964) is an American professional wrestler.

paragraphs: He is best known for working with Extreme Championship Wrestling, Total Nonstop Action Wrestling, and World Wrestling Entertainment's ECW brand under the ring name Sabu. He is known for competing in hardcore-type matches. He was trained by his uncle, Ed Farhat who was known by his ring name, The Sheik.


title: Hill House School

paragraphs: Hill House School is a preparatory school in Knightsbridge, London, England. It was started in 1951 by Lt. Col. Stuart Townend. It is for boys and girls aged 4 to 11. The school only allowed male students until 1981.


title: Competitive advantage

paragraphs: In economics a competitive advantage is something that allows someone or a company to beat their rivals. This includes:


title: Comparative advantage

paragraphs: Comparative advantage is a term economists use, especially in international trade. A country has a comparative advantage when it can make goods or services at a lower opportunity cost than another country.

paragraphs: For example, during the Industrial Revolution, England and Portugal both made wine and cloth.

paragraphs: Suppose the number shows the number of hours required to create one piece of cloth or one crate of wine. In 100 hours, England can either make 1 unit of cloth or 5/6 units of wine. Meanwhile in 90 hours Portugal can make 1 unit of cloth or 9/8 units of wine. Portugal has an absolute advantage in both. However England's opportunity cost of 5/6 is lower than Portugal's OC 9/8. Hence England has a comparative advantage in cloth-making.

paragraphs: David Ricardo predicted that Portugal would stop making cloths and England would stop making wine. That did happen.

paragraphs: This theory also says that protectionism (raising tariffs or blocking trade from other countries) does not work in the long run.


title: Hikikomori

paragraphs: Hikikomori is a Japanese word that describes people who withdraw from society and spend extreme amounts of time on their own. The withdrawal usually happens slowly. Tamaki Saitō was the first person to use the word. In 1998 his book "Shakaiteki hikikomori--Owaranai Shishunki" was published. An English translation by Jeffrey Angles, "Hikikomori: Adolescence without End", was published in 2013. The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare defines hikikomori as people who refuse to leave their house for over six months. In 2010 there were 700,000 hikikomori. The average hikikomori was 31 years old. Tamaki Saitō thinks that there may be over 1 million hikikomori (1% of the Japanese population).

paragraphs: English words with similar meanings include recluse and agoraphobic.


title: Heinrich Boere

paragraphs: Heinrich Boere (27 September 1921 – 1 December 2013) was a convicted German-Dutch war criminal and former member of the Waffen-SS. He was one of the most wanted Nazis during the 1940s.

paragraphs: Boere was born in Eschweiler, Germany to a Dutch father and German mother.

paragraphs: Boere began serving his life sentence on 16 December 2011 at the age of 90. He died on 1 December 2013 in prison custody in Fröndenberg from natural causes, aged 92.


title: Donald Malarkey

paragraphs: Donald G. Malarkey (July 31, 1921 – September 30, 2017) was a former non-commissioned officer during World War II. Malarkey was portrayed in the HBO miniseries "Band of Brothers" by Scott Grimes.

paragraphs: Malarkey was born in Astoria, Oregon on July 31, 1921.


title: Tony Musante

paragraphs: Anthony Peter "Tony" Musante (June 30, 1936 – November 26, 2013) was an American actor. He was born in Bridgeport, Connecticut into an Italian-American family. He was known for his role as David Toma in the 1970s television series "Toma" and as Joe D'Angelo in "As the World Turns".

paragraphs: He died of complications following surgery on November 26, 2013, aged 77, in Manhattan, New York City.


title: Lewis Collins

paragraphs: Lewis Collins (26 May 1946 – 27 November 2013) was an English actor. He was best known for his tough-guy role as Bodie in the ITV drama series "The Professionals". It ran from 1977 to 1983.

paragraphs: Collins died from cancer in Los Angeles, California on 27 November 2013, aged 67.


title: Edward Heffron

paragraphs: Edward James Heffron (May 16, 1923 - December 1, 2013) was a former American World War II-veteran. Heffron was played in the HBO miniseries "Band of Brothers" by Robin Laing. He wrote some books about his view of the war.

paragraphs: Heffron was born in South Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on May 16, 1923. He died on December 1, 2013 from natural causes in his home in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, aged 90.


title: Alice Herz-Sommer

paragraphs: Alice Herz-Sommer, also known as Alice Sommer (26 November 1903 – 23 February 2014), was a Czech-British music teacher and supercentenarian from Bohemia. She was a survivor of the Theresienstadt concentration camp and believed to be the oldest living Holocaust survivor. However, Polish-born Israeli man Yisrael Kristal was in fact two months older.

paragraphs: Herz was born in Prague, Austria-Hungary on 26 November 1903, along with her twin sister Mariana. She married the businessman and amateur musician Leopold Sommer in 1931. They had one son, Raphael Sommer. Leopold Sommer was later sent to Auschwitz. Although he survived the camp, he died at Dachau in 1944.

paragraphs: She lived in Israel and worked as a music teacher in Jerusalem. She then moved to Belsiza Park in London in 1986. Raphael Sommer, her only child, was a cellist and conductor. He died in 2001.

paragraphs: Herz-Sommer died on the morning of 23 February 2014 in London, England, from natural causes, aged 110.


title: Mister Donut

paragraphs: Mister Donut is a worldwide food franchise which sells pastries, soda, coffee, muffins and doughnuts. The company was established in the United States in 1956, though it is now based from Japan. The company was acquired in 1990, following which every North American outlet was renamed Dunkin' Donuts except for fewer than six by the start of 2010. Only one Illinois location continues using the "Mister Donut" corporate name.


title: Acid Black Cherry

paragraphs: Acid Black Cherry is the solo project of Japanese musician, Yasu. He started the project in 2007. It was after his previous band, Janne Da Arc, announced that they were taking a break. Acid Black Cherry is often called ABC.


title: Olive Garden

paragraphs: The Olive Garden is an American casual dining restaurant. It serves Italian-American cuisine. The Olive Garden was established in December 1982 in Orlando, Florida. There are over 800 locations worldwide.


title: Ipovlopsychophobia

paragraphs: Ipovlopsychophobia is a fear of having one's own photograph taken. It is a type of specific phobia.


title: Camera shyness

paragraphs: Camera shyness is when a person doesn't want a photograph taken of them. Many people who are camera shy do not like to speak in public or perform in front of other people.

paragraphs: A fear of having one's own picture taken is called ipovlopsychophobia.


title: Availability factor

paragraphs: Availability factor in a power plant is the amount of time that it is able to produce electricity over a certain period, divided by the amount of the time in the period. The availability factor depends on the type of power plant, the source of energy used and how the plant is operated. Newer types of power plants usually have higher availability factors than old power plants.


title: Base load power plant

paragraphs: A base load power plant is a power station that usually provides a continuous supply of electricity throughout the year with some minimum power generation requirement. Base load power plants will only be turned off during periodic maintenance, upgrading, overhaul or service. Base load power plant has the character of slow demand respond, a mechanism to match generation with the load it supplies.

paragraphs: Examples of base load power plants are coal-fired power plant, geothermal power plant, tidal power plant, nuclear power plant, etc.


title: Peaking power plant

paragraphs: A peaking power plant (or peaker) is a power station that only runs during peak hours of demand of electricity. Because of that, the price of electricity it generates is generally higher than the electricity generated by base load power plant, which operates continuously throughout the year. Peak hours may include hot afternoons when air conditioners are working.

paragraphs: Examples of peaking power plants are a hydropower plant, pumped-storage hydro power plant, and gas-fired power plant. Nuclear and solar power are not used in this way.


title: Analytical psychology

paragraphs: Analytical psychology is the school of psychology that came from the ideas of Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung. Analytical psychiatry is related to self-care of any particular person, such as neuroticism, being wise, introversion, feeling abilities and sensations. The process consists of clinical theories, developmental or complex approaches and process-oriented psychology theory.


title: Load following power plant

paragraphs: A load following power plant is a power plant that can adjust the amount of electricity it generates to match the changing demand throughout the day. Load following power plants are usually in between base load power plant and peaking power plant in terms of construction cost, cost of the electricity it generates, efficiency, and capacity.

paragraphs: Hydroelectric power plant can be considered load following power plant.


title: Cable tray

paragraphs: A cable tray is a system to put insulated cables and other wiring (communication, network etc.) in building structures, such as in office buildings, residential, industries etc. A cable tray system gives easy access. This is useful when adding new cables or replacing the old cables on the tray.

paragraphs: Cable trays can be made out of galvanized steel, stainless steel, aluminum or plastic. The choice depends on how it will be used or where it will be placed.


title: Brownout (electricity)

paragraphs: A brownout is a drop of voltage in an electrical power supply. Brownouts may be done intentionally in order to reduce the load during an emergency. This is done to prevent a total supply failure ("blackout"). Brownouts can also be caused accidentally by faults in the electrical grid which cause a drop in voltage.


title: Adams County, Indiana

paragraphs: Adams County is a county in Indiana. Its county seat is Decatur.


title: Independent Power Producer

paragraphs: An Independent Power Producer (IPP) or Non-Utility Generator (NUG) is an organisation that owns a power-producing facility and can sell electricity to utility companies and electricity users. An IPP is usually a private company and is generally not a public utility company. Transaction of electricity between IPP with its customers are usually regulated under the power purchase agreement.


title: Allen County, Indiana

paragraphs: Allen County is a county in Indiana. Its county seat is Fort Wayne.


title: Bartholomew County, Indiana

paragraphs: Bartholomew County is a county in Indiana. Its county seat is Columbus.


title: Al-Ma'mun

paragraphs: Abū Jaʿfar Abdullāh al-Maʾmūn ibn Harūn (also spelled Almamon, Al-Maymun, Al-Ma’moon, and el-Mâmoûn; 13 September 786 – 9 August 833) was an Abbasid caliph. He reigned from 813 until his death in 833.

paragraphs: Al-Ma’mun was born on 13 September 786 AD in Baghdad. His father was Harun al-Rashid, who was an Abbasid caliph. He was a member of the third dynasty of the descendants of Muhammad who were caliphs of Islam. While his father ruled, al-Ma’mun was the governor of Khorasan. After al-Ma’mun was born his father had another son named al-Amin. Before his father died he announced that al-Amin would be the new caliph and al-Ma’mun would continue to be the governor of Khorasan even though al-Ma’mun was older. When Harun al-Rashid died and al-Amin became the caliph, he took away al-Ma’mun's ability to inherit the throne after he died. The two brothers went to war against each other. Al-Ma’mun defeated al-Amin. He cut off al-Amin's head. Since al-Amin had no other heir to the throne, al-Ma’mun became the new caliph.

paragraphs: During his reign al-Ma’mun tried to reunite Sunnis and Shiites. These are the two main brances of Islam that have different beliefs on who should lead Islam. Al-Ma’mun opened many learning centers in his empire. One big one was in Baghdad, which was called the House of Wisdom. Many other libraries and schools were built all over the empire. He was also a big sponsor of philosophy and astronomy.

paragraphs: He had one wife who he tried to divorce. However, his wife got a powerful judge who refused to allow the divorce. He had no children and no heirs with this wife. Instead, he chose another woman to provide an heir.

paragraphs: Al-Ma’mun died on August 9, 833. He remained caliph until his death.


title: Anna Komnene

paragraphs: Anna Komnene (sometimes spelled Comnena; , "") was a Greek princess, scholar and doctor. She was the eldest daughter of Emperor Alexios I Komnenos of Byzantium and Irene Doukaina.

paragraphs: Komnene was born in Constantinople on 2 December 1083. She was originally engaged to Constantine Ducas, heir to the throne. Unfortunately he died at a young age and Anna married Nicephorus Bryennius in 1097 AD. Anna wanted her husband to inherit the throne. Even when her father was dying she tried to persuade him to make her husband heir.

paragraphs: Anna's brother, John II Komnenos, took the throne in 1188. Anna then tried to remove her brother from the throne, and her husband refused to help her. Anna was caught. She then gave up her property and retired to a convent. While she lived there, Anna wrote her book, "The Alexiad". This is about the Byzantine Empire. The 15 books of "The Alexiad" were written in Greek. Her book is still important because Anna had access to the royal archives and had an inside view of politics.

paragraphs: Anna spent a large part of her life in a convent, but she did not become a nun until shortly before she died. She died in 1153 or 1154 AD.


title: Eleazar of Worms

paragraphs: Eleazar of Worms (; c. 1176 – 1238), or Eleazar ben Judah ben Kalonymus, was a Jewish mystic. He was an important student of the Talmud. He was also the last major member of the Chassidei Ashkenaz, a group of German Jewish mystics.

paragraphs: Eleazar of Worms was born in Mainz. He traveled and studied at many centers of learning in Germany and northern France. He belonged to the Kalonymus family, which was one of the most important German-Jewish families at the time. His father, Judah B. Kalonymus, was one of the leading scholars of his generation. Eleazar learned from his father about Jewish law and theology.

paragraphs: Eleazar spent most of his life living in Worms. He was a Jewish pietist. Eleazar wrote many books and poems on praising God, and studied liturgical poetry, halakhah, theology, ethics and exegesis. Some of his works were printed but many have been lost. Eleazar witnessed and suffered the persecution of Jews. Eleazar's wife, two daughters were murdered, and he and his son were badly injured.


title: Xuanzang

paragraphs: Xuanzang (; ; about 602 – 664) was a Chinese Buddhist scholar, traveller and translator. He described the relations between China and India in the early Tang Dynasty.

paragraphs: Xuanzang was born in what is now Henan province in 602. He was the youngest of four sons. One of his older brothers, Changjie, was a Buddhist monk. Changjie was impressed by Xuanzang's scholarly nature and brought him to a monastery in Luoyang. He began the process to become a monk at the age of thirteen. He studied Mahayana Buddhism at the monastery.

paragraphs: In 618, the Sui Dynasty fell. To escape the conflict, Xuanzang and his brother went to Chang'an, the new capital of the Tang Dynasty. He was not satisfied there so he travelled on to Chengdu in Sichuan. There, he joined the monastery and was made a monk at the age of 20. He returned Chang'an after a few years.

paragraphs: He later travelled all around China in search of sacred books of Buddhism. He wanted to learn from the roots of Buddhist practice. He became famous for his seventeen-year journey to India. His journey is recorded in the "Great Tang Records on the Western Regions". This in turn provided the inspiration for the novel "Journey to the West" written by Wu Cheng'en during the Ming Dynasty, around 900 years after Xuanzang's death.

paragraphs: Xuanzang traveled to Liang-chou, where he was a “guest lecturer”. The governor refused to let him go, but Xuanzang ignored the governor. He slipped out of town with the aid of two monks. Some guards told him about a detour he took that lead him to the Gobi Desert. Xuanzang made it to the town Hami and a Caravan. The king of Turfan wanted Xuanzang to be in his court.

paragraphs: When he refused, the king sent him on his way with everything Xuanzang could possibly need. Xuanzang crossed the Tien Shan Mountains and descended to the Issyk-Kul lake in what is now the Republic of Kyrgyzstan. He traveled capital of Tashkent and the city of Samarkand and then through the Iron Gates to Bactria (modern Afghanistan). He visited the city of Balkh, where there were many famous relics of the Buddha. Xuanzang arrived in Bamian. He traveled down the Kabul River through the city of Peshawar to Taxila (now ruins near the Pakistani capital of Islamabad). Xuanzang then went to Srinigar, the capital of Kashmir.

paragraphs: He stayed in Srinigar and studied Buddhist texts with nine monks, each expert in a different field, until early 633. In eastern Punjab, Xuanzang and his party were assaulted by 50 bandits, and only escaped because Xuanzang was able to slip away to get help. He traveled on to the headwaters of the Ganges, the sacred river of India. Stopping at Kannauj, he stayed there for three months studying with a famous Buddhist master. Sailing down the Ganges to Kanpur, his boat was captured by pirates who wanted to sacrifice Xuanzang to their god.

paragraphs: As he was preparing to die, the pirate boats were hit by a cyclone and destroyed, and they released him before even worse things happened. Xuanzang visited the sacred sites where the historical Buddha had lived in what had once been the Kingdom of Magadha. At the village of Kasia, he saw the place where the Buddha had entered Nirvana (a kind of heaven). At the great monastery of Nalanda, Xuanzang stayed for five years from 633 to 637 studying the sacred texts. Xuanzang continued down the Ganges to the port of Tamralipti.

paragraphs: From there he sailed down the east coast of India and visited south India and Maharashtra. He returned north and stopped at Nalanda again and then spent some time nearby studying non-religious subjects, such as mathematics and geography, with a famous teacher. Xuanzang was sent to Gauhati, the capital of Assam, to convert the King to Buddhism. Back in Nalanda he took leave of the monks and headed back to his native country in 643.

paragraphs: He crossed the Thar Desert to reach the Indus River. Crossing the Indus, he made it across safely on the back of an elephant into central Asia. Xuanzang faced many hazards, though. He survived blizzards and storms and the death of his elephant, who drowned while fleeing an attack of bandits.

paragraphs: Xuanzang reached Kashgar in what is now the westernmost part of China and Hetien, the capital of the Buddhist kingdom of Khotan. The King of Khotan came out to greet him, and he spent seven or eight months there lecturing on what he had learned during his pilgrimage. He finally arrived back in Sian in the spring of 645. Xuanzang arrived back in China with 150 Buddhist relics, six statues and more than 650 religious texts after a journey of 40,000 miles. The Emperor ordered him to write about his experiences. He had completed this book, Ta-T'ang Si-Yu-Ki (Memoirs on Western Countries) by the time he died in 649.


title: Sei Shōnagon

paragraphs: The Heian period of Japanese history lasted from 794 to 1185 CE. Sei Shōnagon lived and died during this time. Not a lot is known about her as a child. We only know about her personality by her writing, especially "The Pillow Book". This book contains a lot about her life at the imperial court and her feelings. It is a collection of lists, poetry, gossip and observations from her years in the court (things she saw and how she felt about them). "The Pillow Book" became very well-known during the Heian period. It revealed an interesting view on life at court.

paragraphs: The name "Pillow Book" came from an event where the empress was given a bundle of notebooks. The empress did not know what to use the notebooks for so Sei Shōnagon asked Empress Sadako if she could have them. Sei Shōnagon told the empress that she wanted to use them to make a pillow.

paragraphs: The book has about 320 entries. She also wrote lists in her diaries. There are about 164 lists. Some of the lists that were included in her diary were: "Depressing things" and "Things that arouse a fond memory of the past". Sei Shōnagon completed this book some time between 1000 and 1010 CE. Some people believe that a copy of Sei Shōnagon's book was given to Empress Sadako's daughter.


title: Tomoe Gozen

paragraphs: When Tomoe Gozen was a girl she was taught the skills of an upper-class Japanese woman: writing, musical theatre, archery, horseback riding and fencing. She became a skilled horseman and brave warrior. She became a lover or a concubine of Minamoto no Yoshinaka when she was a teenager.

paragraphs: When Tomoe Gozen was about 28 years old, she fought in the Gempei War (1180–1185). In the Battle of Awazu (February 1184), Minamoto no Yoshinaka was killed by his cousin Yoritomo. Tomoe's reaction to this is not really known. Some people have theories about what might have happened to her. Some think she may have fled from the Gempei War or she may have continued fighting after his death. She also might have been asked to go by Yoshinaka (who believed that his honor would be destroyed if he was killed by a woman) when he realized he would be killed.

paragraphs: After this time, historians do not know what happened. Yoritomo's friend Yoshimori forced Tomoe to marry him. But Yoshinori died before Tomoe gave birth to a son. According to legend, their son was Asahina Yoshihide. He grew up to be a famous samurai. Tomoe joined a nunnery, where she stayed for the rest of her life. Today, Tomoe Gozen is a role model for many Japanese women.


title: Al-Kindi

paragraphs: Abu Yūsuf Yaʻqūb ibn ʼIsḥāq aṣ-Ṣabbāḥ al-Kindī (, ; 801 – 873 CE), was an Iraqi philosopher. He was called "the Philosopher of the Arabs". He is often thought of as the first Arab philosopher, and one of the most important scholars in the Islamic world.

paragraphs: Al-Kindi was born in Yemen to a rich family. As well as philosophy, he worked in astronomy, alchemy, mathematics, medicine, geography, and many other topics. He became a member of a scientific place of study called the House of Wisdom. As a member there, he helped to preserve a type of philosophy called Hellenistic philosophy. He also edited Greek treatises (written works that formally explain a topic). He also wrote his own treatises on vision, precious stones and minerals. He wrote the first treatise on various types of steel swords, metallurgy. His treatises on music were thought to be the best works on the subject of music in Arabic. He died at age 72 in 873.


title: Cai Lun

paragraphs: Cai Lun (; 50 AD – 121) was a Chinese eunuch and politician. He is generally regarded as the inventor of paper. Earlier forms of paper, such as papyrus, were used in China from the 2nd century BC. However, Cai Lun developed another form of paper, which is used today.

paragraphs: Cai Lun was born in Leiyang (then called Guiyang), a part of Hunan. He lived during the Han Dynasty. His courtesy name was Jingzhong (). He served the government as a eunuch from AD 75, and in AD 89 got a promotion to be a "Shang Fang Si", someone who makes weapons, and a Regular Palace Attendant(中常侍). Cai Lun invented paper in the year 105. For his invention, he was rewarded by the Emperor. After his death he was considered the patron of papermaking. To make paper, Cai Lun used a pulp made of materials such as tree bark and rags. He then strained the liquid from the pulp and spread it out to dry. Legend has it that the mortar, a tool he used to grind materials, was buried in a pool near his grave.


title: Shen Kuo

paragraphs: Shen Kuo (or Shen Gua ; 1031–1095) was a Chinese scientist and politician. He lived during the Song Dynasty. He was a polymath, being good at many fields of study.

paragraphs: Many of his most important works came from his use of astronomy. In 1088, Shen was the first to describe the magnetic needle compass, which would be used for navigation. He was also one of the first to suggest that the Earth goes through gradual climate change. His hobbies consisted of music, painting, calligraphy, and philosophy.


title: Al Sahili

paragraphs: Abu Ishaq Ibrahim al-Sahili (1290–1346) was an architect during the Mali Empire. He lived under the rule of Mansa Musa.

paragraphs: He was born in Granada in 1290. At the time this was part of Muslim Spain. Al-Sahili studied law and the arts. He was known as a gifted poet. His family were rich merchants (traders). He left Granada in 1321 and began to travel through the Middle East, to Egypt, Syria, Iraq and Yemen. In 1346, he met the ruler of Mali, Mansa Musa, who loved his poetry and invited him to return.

paragraphs: Al-Sahili built for Mansa Musa an audience chamber (or Djingereyber; Great Mosque) in 1327. The mosque was described as a square building with a dome. The outside was decorated with plaster and patterns in colors. It was built with banco: soil mixed with wood, mixed with dried grass, and other fibers allowed to dry in the sun. It was built with the same architectural style as the Alhambra in Granada. Mansa Musa then wanted him to make a house for him, but the building was destroyed over time. He started a new trend of rounded arches in Timbuktu. Al-Sahili died there in 1346.


title: Sakura (mansa)

paragraphs: Mansa Sakura (also spelled Sakoura) was the sixth emperor ("mansa") of the Mali Empire. He was born a slave, but was later freed. Soon after he was freed he became a general in the army of Sundiata Keita. When Sundiata Keita died, there was a struggle between his sons over who would become the emperor. Around 1285, Sakura took control of the throne. He became the ruler of Mali and brought the empire back together.

paragraphs: Mansa Sakura became a powerful leader. He was known for exploring other lands and using the ideas he saw in his own kingdom. He also encouraged trade. Under Sakura's leadership, the Mali Empire made several new conquests. It expanded along the Gambia River to the sea. It became a dominant force in West Africa.

paragraphs: Sakura performed the Hajj shortly before his death. On his way home, he was attacked near Djibouti by warriors who wanted his gold. He was killed in the attack, which happened around the year 1300.

paragraphs: After Sakura died, the throne was returned to the royal heirs of the Keita dynasty. The next emperor was Sundiata's nephew, Gao.


title: Sonni Ali

paragraphs: Sonni Ali (also known as Sunni Ali Ber or Sunni Ali) was the first king of the Songhai Empire in western Africa. He ruled from about 1464 to 1492. He was the 15th ruler of the Sonni dynasty. During Sonni's reign, Songhai surpassed the Mali Empire in power. His armies captured several important cities, such as Timbuktu (in 1468) and Djenné (captured in 1475). His battle strategies greatly expanded the empire's territory.

paragraphs: Before Sonni took Timbuktu in 1468, the city was controlled by Tuareg raiders. He then conquered the Tuareg and took them under his rule, which brought the great Saharan trade routes to his kingdom. After conquering Timbuktu, he and his army went south to conquer the port of Djenné, on the Niger River. The city surrendered after a long-fought siege.

paragraphs: Sonni defined himself as Muslim, but was careful to not separate himself from the traditional animist beliefs. He executed many of the clerics from Timbuktu. He ran a very organized and powerful military. His army included both soldiers on horseback, as well as soldiers who fought on foot. He also built a fleet of ships to control the ports along the Niger River.

paragraphs: In 1480, Sunni Ali attacked the Mossi Kingdoms south of the Niger River. Unfortunately, he did not conquer the Mossi, but he was able to stop the spread of their empire. He also fought a successful war against several of the Fulani states. On his return home from this war, Sonni drowned in a river, in 1493


title: Soumaoro Kanté

paragraphs: Soumaoro Kanté (also written Sumanguru Kanté) was a king of the Sosso people during the 13th century. The Sosso formed their kingdom in the 1180s, after the collapse of the Ghana Empire.

paragraphs: In the "Epic of Sundiata", Soumaoro is portrayed as a villain. He is said to have been a supernatural warrior with eight heads rising above his own. Many of his military victories were associated with his supernatural powers.

paragraphs: In 1203, Soumaoro captured Koumbi, the old capital of Ghana. He conquered several neighbouring peoples, including nine other kingdoms in the early 1200s. Among these were the Mandinka in what is now Mali. Soumaoro killed all of the Mandinka king's sons except one. This son, Sundiata Keita, was a cripple, and Soumaoro did not believe him to be a threat.

paragraphs: A short time later, however, Sundiata built an alliance of smaller kingdoms to oppose Soumaoro. Legends describe Sundiata as having supernatural powers as well. In 1230, Sundiata founded the Mali Empire. He defeated Soumaoro at the Battle of Kirina in 1235.

paragraphs: Sourmaoro ruled as a tyrant. His empire lasted a little more that 30 years. He was unable to maintain stability. He also made his people pay heavy taxes. He made them give him large amounts of gold, food, and livestock. On top of that he demanded that his subjects turn over the most beautiful women for his pleasure and the strongest boys to be his slaves. He killed anyone suspected of becoming a potential threat to his rule. Although he was successful on the battlefield, Sumanguru an arrogant, brutal and intolerant ruler. He failed at winning the faith and loyalty of the people he had hoped to unify under his rule.


title: Sundiata Keita

paragraphs: Sundiata Keita ( 1210 – c. 1260) was the founder of the Mali Empire. He ruled as emperor ("mansa") from 1235 to 1260. He is celebrated as a hero of the Mandinka people of West Africa in the "Epic of Sundiata". Sundiata changed his father's small kingdom into the core of the Mali Empire. It grew to be one of largest and richest empires of Africa.

paragraphs: Sundiata Keita was born in about 1210. His father was Naré Maghann Konaté, a king of the Mandinka. Keita was disabled from birth. His legend follows the theme of a culture hero overcoming extreme hardships to achieve greatness. According to the legend, Keita and his mother went into voluntary exile to avoid the risk of being killed by his jealous half-brother, Kankaran Tuman, who had become king in 1218. While Keita and his mother were in exile, the Mandinka were conquered by the Sosso Empire. Later, Keita was recalled by his fellow people to free them from this foreign oppression.

paragraphs: In the early 1200s, the independence of the Mandinka was threatened by the Sosso. Sosso was one of the many kingdoms that succeeded the Ghana Empire. Keita, who had already become a king, gathered his people and fought a battle with the Sosso army. In 1235, Keita and his army destroyed the army of Soumaoro Kanté, the ruler of the Sosso. This battle is called the Battle of Kirina, located in present-day Mali.

paragraphs: Further military advancements led to the expansion of the Mali Empire. The empire thrived, because it controlled many of the major gold fields and was an important center of trans-Saharan trade. Keita also successfully combined Islamic and traditional African beliefs to create a functional kingdom. Today, some of the Mandinka people of West Africa still regard Sundiata as a hero.

paragraphs: Little is known about the later life of Keita, but it is known that Keita ruled for about 25 years before his death. It is said that Keita was killed in an accident in his capital city.


title: Zhang Heng

paragraphs: Zhang Heng (also written Chang Hêng, ; AD 78–139) was a Chinese scientist who worked in many subjects. He lived during the Han dynasty. He was an accomplished engineer, meteorologist, geologist, philosopher, mathematician, astronomer and writer.

paragraphs: Zhang invented the first seismometer, a machine that measures the strength of earthquakes. He is remembered for many other inventions and writings. He invented the seismometer in 132 AD. Heng was also the first in China to apply a grid system to maps, from which positions and distances could be calculated.

paragraphs: Some of his jobs were chief astronomer of the Imperial Chancellery for Astronomical and Calendrical Science, and chief minister under the rule of Moana. He also wrote many works ranging from poetry to books full of his scientific research. One was his book of astronomical research and it described his theories about previously unexplained things that could be seen in the night sky. Some things it theorized were that the Moon was lit by the Sun instead of making its own light. It also proposed that the Moon could be eclipsed by the shadow of the Earth.


title: Refractory

paragraphs: A refractory is a material that can stand high temperature. It is used in furnaces, kilns, incinerators and reactors. Materials to make refractory must be chemically and physically stable at high temperature, such as alumina, silica, magnesia and lime.


title: One-line diagram

paragraphs: The one-line diagram (or single-line diagram) is a diagram that shows a three-phase power system in a simple way. It is used in many power-related applications. Each electrical element is represented by a unique symbol. Although it describes three-phase electricity, only one conductor is shown in the diagram.


title: Rotor (electric)

paragraphs: A rotor is the part of an electric machine (motor or generator) that rotates. It rotates because of the torque developed by wires and magnetic field inside the machine.


title: Stator

paragraphs: A stator is the part of a rotary system that does not move. It is the fixed, stationary part of an electric machine (motor or generator). The stator might act as the field magnet (working with the armature to create the spinning movement) or as the armature (receives influence from the moving field coils of the rotor).


title: Kabsa

paragraphs: Kabsa is the national dish of Saudi Arabia. It is a dish made of rice and meat, cooked either separately or together. It can be made with spices and camel meat, lamb, chicken or fish. It is usually eaten for lunch and sometimes for dinner. Kabsa is often a dish for a group of people. The kabsa is normally served on a round metal dish placed on the floor and people eat with their right hand, although a spoon may be used. In Saudi Arabia there are many different ways to make kabsa. Kabsa is also eaten in other Middle Eastern countries such as Kuwait, Bahrain and other Gulf countries.


title: Uninterruptible power supply

paragraphs: An uninterruptible power supply (or uninterruptible power source; UPS) is an apparatus that provides electric power in an emergency when there is a problem with the normal electricity supply. It provides an almost instantaneous supply of electricity during any power failure. It is used normally to protect any sensitive hardware (computer, data center, telecommunication) in which if there is any disruption of power supply, it might easily damage that equipment.

paragraphs: UPS batteries are lead acid batteries that use gel sulfuric acid instead of the liquid sulfuric acid car batteries use. UPS batteries are sealed and have the property to store electricity and provide a consistent high surge DC current to a UPS system which converts it to a stabilized AC current. UPS batteries have a wide selection of dimensions and one of their main properties is that they do not leak or produce fumes. This is one of the most important reasons why they are used safely in houses, server rooms, data centers, manufacturing environments, hospitals, offices, and other poorly ventilated areas. These sealed lead-acid batteries can be found in some of the electronics stores or UPS specialized stores.


title: Faraday's laws of electrolysis

paragraphs: Faraday's laws of electrolysis are a set of scientific laws used in chemistry. They are used to express magnitudes of electrolytic effects. They were first described by Michael Faraday in 1834.

paragraphs: The first law states that the mass of a substance produced by electrolysis is directly proportional to the quantity of the electricity that passes through the cell.

paragraphs: The second law says: since Q, F, and z are constants, the larger the value of M/z (equivalent weight) the larger m will be.

paragraphs: "M/z" is the same as the equivalent weight of the substance altered.


paragraphs: The Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) is a control system for various industrial processes. It is controlled by a computer to monitor and control all of the processes that exist in an industry. It is a large-scale controlling method which can include several sites over long distance.


title: Programmable logic controller

paragraphs: A programmable logic controller (PLC) is a digital system used to make electrical and mechanical processes become automated. PLC can be found in almost all of the heavy industries which require process and sequences. PLC contains a unique set of inputs and outputs. The logic of PLC is programmed so that user can create a highly dedicated PLC working system for their intended purpose.


title: Nikki Sinclaire

paragraphs: Nicole "Nikki" Sinclaire (born 26 July 1968) is a British politician. In June 2012, she started We Demand a Referendum (WDAR), a political party. She was a member of the United Kingdom Independence Party until 2010.

paragraphs: She was born in Nicholas Sinclaire in London.

paragraphs: In November 2013, Sinclaire released a book about her life, "Never Give Up". In it she said that she was born male. When she was 23 she had sex reassignment surgery. The news made Sinclaire the United Kingdom's first transgender Member of Parliament.


title: Enterprise Center

paragraphs: Enterprise Center is a sports arena in St. Louis, Missouri. The arena opened on October 8, 1994, and is the current home to the St. Louis Blues of the National Hockey League (NHL). The arena was also home to Saint Louis University's men's basketball team from 1991 to 2008.

paragraphs: The arena was originally known as Kiel Center from 1994 to 2000 and Savvis Center from Aug 2000 to 2006. Scottrade acquired naming rights for the arena in September 2006.

paragraphs: The Scottrade Center has held many WWE events as well including: , Survivor Series in 1998, the special live tribute episode of WWF Raw is War that aired after the night of Owen Hart's death, No Mercy in 2001, Judgment Day in 2007, Elimination Chamber in 2010, Royal Rumble in 2012 and Extreme Rules in 2013.

paragraphs: The arena was initially expected to be renamed as the TD Ameritrade Center by the end of 2017, once the purchase of Scottrade by TD Ameritrade closed. However, TD Ameritrade decided not to put its name on the arena. The team later reached a new deal with Enterprise Holdings, a company based in the St. Louis suburb of Clayton, Missouri that owns the Enterprise, National, and Alamo car rental companies. The deal was announced on May 21, 2018, with the name officially changing to Enterprise Center on July 1 of that year.


title: Capital One Arena

paragraphs: Capital One Arena is a sports arena in Washington D.C. The arena opened on December 2, 1997, and is the current home to the Washington Capitals on the National Hockey League (NHL), Washington Wizards of the National Basketball Association (NBA), Washington Mystics of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA), the Washington Valor of the Arena Football League, and the Georgetown University men's basketball team. The arena was also home to the Washington Power of the National Lacrosse League (NLL) from 2001 to 2002.

paragraphs: The arena was originally known as MCI Center from 1997 to 2006. It became Verizon Center in January 2006 when Verizon Communications acquired the naming rights for the arena. The name changed again in August 2017 when Capital One acquired naming rights.

paragraphs: Capital One Arena has held many WWE events as well including: SummerSlam in 2005, Cyber Sunday in 2007, Survivor Series in 2009 and WWE Capitol Punishment in 2011. Aside from WWE, the arena also hosted World Championship Wrestling (WCW)'s Starrcade pay-per-view in 1997, 1998, 1999 and 2000.


title: Saadia Gaon

paragraphs: Saʻadiah ben Yosef Gaon (882/892 – 942) was a Jewish religious scholar and philosopher.

paragraphs: He was born in al-Fayyūm, Egypt. When he was 28, he left Egypt and his wife and two sons, and traveled to Babylonia. There, he helped schools in many Jewish communities. After a while, he left Babylonia because he was not happy with the government.

paragraphs: As a religious scholar, he translated the Bible into Arabic and wrote many commentaries on it. He also wrote the first Hebrew dictionary and grammar dictionary, and many books on Talmudic law. One of his famous books is called "Kitāb al-amānāt wa al-iʿtiqādāt" ("Book of Beliefs and Convictions").


title: Al-Battani

paragraphs: Al-Battānī (other names include Albategnius, Albategni and Albatenius; born about 858 – died 929) was an Arab astronomer, astrologer and mathematician. He is considered an important astronomer and mathematician of the Islamic Golden Age. His discoveries about trigonometry were often quoted by medieval European astronomers; including by Copernicus. He was from Harran. His full name was Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Jābir ibn Sinān al-Raqqī al-Ḥarrānī al-Ṣābiʾ al-Battānī.

paragraphs: Al-Battani helped to calculate the distance between the Earth and the Sun, before the telescopes. This allowed him to refine existing values for the length of the year.

paragraphs: He is most famous for his book the "Kitāb az-Zīj" (or the "Zij"). The "Zij" was a book with 57 chapters dedicated to astronomy. He influenced the works of Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Tycho Brahe, who were famous astronomers of later times. The book was translated many times into many different languages. Inside the "Zij", Al-Battani made a map of the stars, naming a few of them.

paragraphs: Al-Battani died of old age in the year 929. He had been protesting against the taxes in Baghdad, and died on the way home.


title: Kingsborough Community College

paragraphs: Kingsborough Community College is a community college in Brooklyn, New York. It is part of the City University of New York's university system. It is located in Manhattan Beach. It was built in 1963. It has around 38,000 students. It has a private beach which is open during the summer.


title: TD Garden

paragraphs: TD Garden is a sports arena in Boston, Massachusetts. The arena opened on September 30, 1995, and is the current home to the Boston Bruins of the National Hockey League (NHL) and the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association (NBA).

paragraphs: The arena was originally known as FleetCenter from 1995 to 2005. TD Banknorth acquired the naming rights for the arena on March 3, 2005. The name was changed to TD Banknorth Garden on July 1, 2005.

paragraphs: TD Garden has held many WWE events as well including: WrestleMania XIV in 1998, King of the Ring in 2000, Royal Rumble in 2003, SummerSlam in 2006, Survivor Series in 2008, Royal Rumble in 2011, Night of Champions in 2012, and Survivor Series in 2013.


title: Gagra

paragraphs: Gagra (Abkhaz and ; ) is a town in Abkhazia. It covers an area of about 5 kilometres. It is located on the northeastern coast of the Black Sea, at the base of the Caucasus Mountains. The moderate climate makes it a popular tourist resort.

paragraphs: Gagra is the centre of the Gagra District. It is located in the western part of Abkhazia. The river Psou serves as a border with Krasnodar Kray of Russia.

paragraphs: Gagra was established as a Greek colony. During the rule of the Kingdom of Colchis, they called it "Triglite".

paragraphs: In the time of the Roman Empire the town was renamed to "Nitica". Because of its geographical and commercial importance, it was attacked repeatedly by the Goths. The Romans did not neglect it, however. They fortified it well. After the Romans, the Byzantine Empire took control of all of Colchis, including "Nitica". It became a major trading center for merchants from Venice and Genoa. The name "Gagra" appeared for the first time on a map in 1308. This was on a map of the Caucasus made by the Italian Pietro Visconti. This map is now in the Library of Saint Mark in Venice.

paragraphs: In the 16th century, Gagra was a part of Georgia. It was invaded by the Ottoman Empire. Because of poverty and disease, most of its people had left. After Russia's victory over the Ottomans in 1878, Russia rebuilt the town.

paragraphs: In 1919, Vladimir Lenin established a "worker's resort" in Gagra. He nationalised the resort that had been built by Oldenburg. Then Gagra became a popular holiday resort for Soviet citizens. During World War II, it gained a new role as a site for the rehabilitation of wounded soldiers. After the war, various state-run sanatoriums were built there. The resort grew and was developed quickly as part of the "Soviet Riviera".

paragraphs: In the late 1980s, tensions grew between the Georgian and Abkhazian communities in the region. War started between 1992 and 1993. It ended in a defeat of the Georgian government's forces. Hundreds of thousands of ethnic Georgians were forced to leave their homes in Abkhazia. This was part of a mass ethnic cleansing, in which thousands of Georgian civilians were massacred. Gagra and the Abkhazian capital Sukhumi were at the centre of the fighting and suffered heavy damage.

paragraphs: After 1993, Gagra was under Russian occupation and under the control of separatist armed formations.

paragraphs: The most important landmarks of Gagra are:

paragraphs: On 14 May 2012, Gagra signed a cooperation agreement with Vladimir.


title: KeyBank Center

paragraphs: The KeyBank Center is a sports arena in Buffalo, New York. The arena opened on September 21, 1996, and is the current home to the Buffalo Sabres of the National Hockey League (NHL) and the Buffalo Bandits of the National Lacrosse League (NLL).

paragraphs: The arena was originally known as Marine Midland Arena from 1996 to 1999 and as HSBC Arena from 2000 to 2011. First Niagara Bank acquired the naming rights for the arena in 2011. The arena name next changed after KeyBank bought First Niagara Bank in 2016. Outside signs began to show the new name in August of that year, with the name change to "KeyBank Center" becoming official on September 19.

paragraphs: KeyBank Center has held many WWE events as well including: The Great American Bash in 2005, Armageddon in 2008, Night of Champions in 2011, and WWE Battleground in 2013.


title: John Michael Montgomery

paragraphs: John Michael Montgomery (born 1965) is a singer from the U.S. state of Kentucky. He sings and writes country music. He has been a singer since 1991.