title: Jaws: The Revenge

paragraphs: Jaws: The Revenge (Jaws 4 or Jaws 4: The Revenge) is a 1987 horror movie. The movie was directed by Joseph Sargent. It is the third and final sequel to Steven Spielberg's Jaws. "Jaws: The Revenge" was shot on location in New England and in the Bahamas, and completed on the Universal lot. Like the first two films, Martha's Vineyard was the location of the fictional Amity Island for the opening scenes. Although preceded by Jaws 3-D, The Revenge ignores plot elements introduced in that film. "Jaws: The Revenge" earned the least amount of money in the series. It was considered a bad film by critics. It received 0% rating on the review aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes. It was nominated for seven Razzie Awards. This included a worst actor award for "Bruce the shark".


title: Pink movie

paragraphs: The term pink movie (or pink film) refers to Japanese movies having sexual or adult content. This term means anything from drama movies to violent movies. The so-called "pink movies" are part of ongoing cycles of movies rather than an actual genre.

paragraphs: The pink movie first began around World War II.


title: Giovannino Guareschi

paragraphs: Giovannino Oliviero Giuseppe Guareschi (; 1 May 1908 – 22 July 1968) was an Italian journalist, cartoonist and humorist. He was known for creating the priest Don Camillo and the production of its movies.


title: Peter Riegert

paragraphs: Peter Riegert (born April 11, 1947) is an American actor, screenwriter, and movie director. He is best known for his roles as Donald "Boon" Schoenstein from "Animal House", the fast talking gangster Aldo in "Oscar", the tough Lt. Kellaway in "The Mask", and crooked New Jersey State Assemblyman Ronald Zellman on the HBO original series "The Sopranos", and "Mac" MacIntyre, in "Local Hero".


title: L.I.E.

paragraphs: L.I.E. is a 2001 American drama movie. The movie is about a relationship between a 15-year old boy and a pedophile. The title is an acronym for "Long Island Expressway".

paragraphs: "L.I.E." received an NC-17 rating from the MPAA. The rating was surrendered, meaning that the filmmakers preferred to release the movie without a rating instead of releasing it with the NC-17 rating. Later, an edited R-rated version was also released.

paragraphs: This movie was released on January 20, 2001.


title: Ballistic trauma

paragraphs: Ballistic trauma or gunshot wound (GSW) is a form of physical trauma sustained from the discharge of arms or munitions. The most common forms of ballistic trauma stem from firearms used in armed conflicts, civilian sporting, recreational pursuits and criminal activity. Ballistic trauma is sometimes fatal for the recipient, or causes long term negative consequences.


title: Megacheira

paragraphs: Megacheira ("great hands") is an extinct class of predatory arthropods. They had a pair of short enlarged appendages at the front. They look like early chelicerates.

paragraphs: Most of them lived in marine environments round the world from the lower to middle Cambrian. It looks like they were quite common then. However, one perfectly preserved specimen of "Enalikter" was found in the Silurian of Herefordshire (England). Another species ("Bundenbachiellus") was found in the early Devonian of Germany.


title: Kenta Kobayashi

paragraphs: He is best known for his 14-year tenure with Pro Wrestling Noah. During his time in Pro Wrestling Noah, Kobayashi is a former one-time GHC Heavyweight Champion, three-time GHC Junior Heavyweight and one-time GHC Tag Team Champion. He also won the 2012 Global League and the 2013 Global Tag League tournaments. He was also one half of the GHC Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Champions twice; his first reign was the inaugural reign with his longtime tag partner and rival, Naomichi Marufuji, which saw the two hold the title for almost two years. His second reign was with his protégé, Taiji Ishimori. He first wrestled under his real name, but because of potential confusion with his mentor, Kenta Kobashi (in both English and Japanese), he decided to drop his surname and only use his given name. He also spells his ring name with Roman letters in all capitals.

paragraphs: On January 27, 2014, he did a tryout at WWE's Performance Center in Orlando, Florida with Noah's blessing. In a press release, he said that he was not looking for a WWE contract but he only wanted to fulfill a dream that he had to take part in a WWE workout. On June 27, 2014, it was reported by Tokyo Sports that Kenta had signed with the WWE. During WWE's July 12, 2014 event in Osaka, they announced that they had signed Kenta during an in-ring segment with Hulk Hogan. Kenta will go to Orlando, Florida to continue training at the Performance Center and also work for WWE's developmental territory "NXT".

paragraphs: He debuted at "NXT Takeover: Fatal 4-Way" on September 11, 2014. He was introduced by William Regal. During his debut, he announced that his new ring name would be Hideo Itami, meaning "Hero of Pain". He would then fend off The Ascension after they interrupted the segment to confront Regal.

paragraphs: Itami would make his in-ring debut on the September 18 episode of "NXT", defeating Justin Gabriel. After his match, he was attacked by The Ascension. He would continue to engage The Ascension in brawls but he would end up on the losing side due to the numbers advantage. On the November 6 episode, Itami revealed his tag partner as the debuting Finn Bálor.


title: Sonoma County Transit

paragraphs: "Sonoma County Transit" is a public transportation system based in Sonoma County, California.

paragraphs: As the primary bus system with the county, the system operates lines to Petaluma, Santa Rosa, Cotati, Rohnert Park, Healdsburg, and Guerneville. It also runs one inter-county route to San Rafael in Marin County.

paragraphs: Sonoma County Transit is the primary bus system in the county. It operates to the following communities (listed by zones from south to north):

paragraphs: Central Sonoma County (Highway 101 corridor):

paragraphs: SCT also operates an inter-county route to San Rafael in Marin County. This route makes connections to Golden Gate Transit and Marin Transit services to San Francisco and the East Bay. It also connects within Marin County, as well as a route serving Sonoma County Airport north of Santa Rosa.


title: La Tour d'Auvergne

paragraphs: The House of La Tour d'Auvergne was a French noble family. They had great power and wealth during the 17th and 18th century in France. The family claimed to rule the Duchy of Bouillon from the year of 1456. The duchy was later ceded to France on 26 October 1795. The family had apartments at the Palace of Versailles and a grand townhouse in Paris (now destroyed). The family were notoriously arrogant. They schemed to marry their children well. They tried to gain favour with the royal family of the time. The duchy came into the family through the marriage of Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne to Charlotte de La Marck who was a duchess in her own right. The family also claimed to be the sovereign rulers of the Principality of Sedan. The family used several lesser titles such as titles of Duke of Albret and Duke of Château-Thierry from 1651. They held the rank of "Foreign Princes" at Versailles. As such, they were entitled to use the style of ""Highness"".

paragraphs: The dukes were usually addressed by the style of "Serene Highness".

paragraphs: Jacques Léopold was the last Duke of Bouillon, and following the Napoleonic Wars the duchy was absorbed into the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.


title: County Leitrim

paragraphs: County Leitrim () is a county of Ireland. It is in the province of Connacht. It is named after the village of Leitrim. The population of County Leitrim was 31,798 according to the 2011 Irish Census.


title: County Roscommon

paragraphs: County Roscommon () is a county of Ireland. It is in the province of Connacht. It is named after the town of Roscommon. The population of County Roscommon was 65,065 according to the 2011 Irish Census.


title: County Carlow

paragraphs: County Carlow () is a county of Ireland. It is in the province of Leinster. It is named after the town of Carlow. The population of County Carlow was 54,612 according to the 2011 Irish Census.


title: Alois Brunner

paragraphs: Alois Brunner (8 April 1912 – c. 2010) was a Austrian Schutzstaffel (SS) officer. Brunner is wanted for war crimes, and was Adolf Eichmann's assistant. Eichmann referred to Brunner as his "best man". Brunner is wanted for sending at least 140,000 European Jews to the gas chambers.

paragraphs: He was commander of the Drancy internment camp outside Paris from June 1943 to August 1944, from which nearly 24,000 people were deported. He was sentenced to death "in absentia" in France in 1954 for crimes against humanity. In 1961 and in 1980, Brunner lost an eye and the fingers of his left hand, as a result of letter bombs sent to him by the Israeli intelligence service, called Mossad.

paragraphs: In 2003, the Guardian described him as "the world's highest-ranking Nazi fugitive believed still alive". Brunner was last reported to be living in Syria, whose government had long refused international efforts to locate or apprehend him. There were rumours that he would be extradited, however, after the Syrian Civil War broke out it became hard to negotiate any kind of settlement with the Assad regime, which controlled Syria during Brunner's stay. Other sources suggest he died already in December 2001. He was sentenced again, now to life imprisonment, in France the same year. It has been determined that Brunner helped the Syrian government develop chemical weapons which were later allegedly used on rebels.


title: Trenton, Illinois

paragraphs: Trenton is a city in Clinton County, Illinois, United States. The population was 3,184 at the 2010 census.


title: Sveio

paragraphs: Sveio is a municipality in Hordaland County, west coast of Norway. Sveio is known for history of the musican composer Fartein Valen and known for the musical band Enslaved.


title: Windows 8.1

paragraphs: Windows 8.1 is a version of Windows and the second and last version of Windows 8.x. It was released on October 17, 2013, the same date as Windows Server 2012 R2. It is part of Windows NT 6.x, Windows 8.x, and one of the Windows 201x versions. It is the successor to Windows 8, and the predecessor to Windows 10. It is also a free update of the operating systems Windows 7 (under certain conditions) and Windows 8.


title: Postcards from the Edge (movie)

paragraphs: Postcards from the Edge is a 1990 American comedy-drama movie. It is based on a novel of the same name by Carrie Fisher. Fisher also wrote the screenplay. The movie is about a recovering addict trying to restart her acting career. Meryl Streep plays Suzanne. Annette Bening plays Evelyn Ames. Shirley MacLaine plays Doris.

paragraphs: This movie was released on September 14, 1990. It got positive reviews. Its box office was also positive.


title: Vekoma

paragraphs: Vekoma Rides Manufacturing is a Netherlands-based manufacturer that builds amusement park rides.

paragraphs: Vekoma was started in 1926 by a blacksmith named Hendrik op het Veld. The name Velkoma is short for "Veld Koning Machinefabriek", or Veld Koning machine factory. At first they made machines for farming and mining. Later they started to build rides for theme parks. They built rides such as Ferris wheels, roller coasters, water rides, and family-friendly rides.


title: What I Do the Best

paragraphs: What I Do the Best is the fourth studio album by John Michael Montgomery. The album was released on September 24, 1996.


title: Green Forest, Arkansas

paragraphs: Green Forest is a city in Carroll County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 2,761 at the 2010 census.


title: Raymond, Illinois

paragraphs: Raymond is a small town in Montgomery County, Illinois, United States. The population was 1,006 at the 2010 census.


title: As Blood Runs Black

paragraphs: As Blood Runs Black is an American deathcore band formed in 2003. "Instinct" reached number 111 on the Billboard 200 for the week of April 2, 2011.


title: Rosemary Murphy

paragraphs: Rosemary Murphy (January 13, 1925 – July 5, 2014) was an American actress of stage, movie, and television. She was nominated for three Tony Awards for her stage work, as well as two Emmy Awards for television work, winning once, for her performance in "Eleanor and Franklin" (1976). She was known for her role in "To Kill a Mockingbird" (1962).

paragraphs: Murphy died on July 5, 2014, in Manhattan from esophageal cancer, aged 89.


title: Bakir Izetbegović

paragraphs: Bakir Izetbegović (born 28 June 1956) is a Bosnian politician. Izetbegović is a member of the Party of Democratic Action and son of the late Bosnian president, Alija Izetbegović. In 1981 he graduated from the University of Sarajevo Faculty of Architecture. In 2010, he was elected to be the Bosniak member of the 3-person Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina.


title: Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina

paragraphs: The Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina, often referred to as Bosnian Croats, are the third most populous ethnic group in that country. They are one of the constitutive nations of Bosnia and Herzegovina. They are also a native ethnic group of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as their presence there dates back to the 7th century A.D. Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina have made significant contributions to the culture of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Their native language is Croatian, and about 76% say they are Roman Catholic.


title: The Bar-Kays

paragraphs: The Bar-Kays are an American funk-R&B-soul band. They started in 1966 in Memphis, Tennessee. Man of their songs were on record charts from the 1960s to the 1980s. The songs included "Anticipation", "Son of Shaft" and "Boogie Body Land".

paragraphs: The list of group members has changed several times.


title: Middletown, Rhode Island

paragraphs: Middletown is a town in southeastern Rhode Island. At the 2010 US Census, 16,150 people lived there.


title: County Clare

paragraphs: County Clare () is a county of Ireland. It is in the province of Munster. The population of County Clare was 117,196 according to the 2011 Irish Census.


title: Pink Panther (statue)

paragraphs: The Public Fountain (, ) is a statue in South Valencia, Spain. It is between Avda. Ausiàs March and Avda. Peris i Valero. The statue is known by its citizens as "Pantera Rosa" ("Pink Panther") because of its colour and figure,

paragraphs: The statue was raised up in 1984 by the architect Miquel Navarro. It was in commemoration of Turia and Júcar waterway.


title: Duchy of Bouillon

paragraphs: The Duchy of Bouillon () (), a small state located between Luxembourg, Champagne, and the Three Bishoprics and centered on Bouillon. The duchy was claimed by the House of La Tour d'Auvergne. It was officially a State of the Holy Roman Empire. Even though it was a fairly small "state" its capital was the city of Bouillon, now in modern Belgium. The La Tour d'Auvergne family claimed to rule the state from 1456? – 1794 as during the French Revolution it officially changed its legal status to the "Republic of Bouillon". The heir to the ducal throne was traditionally titled the Prince of Turenne.

paragraphs: The dukes were usually addressed by the style of "Serene Highness".

paragraphs: Jacques Léopold was the last Duke of Bouillon, and following the Napoleonic Wars the duchy was absorbed into the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.


title: Intamin

paragraphs: Intamin Worldwide is a designing and manufacturing company in Wollerau, Switzerland. They are known for building thrill rides and roller coasters. The Intamin name stands for: INTernational AMusement INstallations. They distribute about 5-7 roller coasters from their workshops every year.

paragraphs: The first roller coaster they built was The Jr. Gemini at Cedar Point in 1979. After that, they installed a total of 70 roller coasters around the world.


title: John Seigenthaler

paragraphs: John Lawrence Seigenthaler (; July 27, 1927 – July 11, 2014) was an American journalist, writer, and political figure. He was known as an avid supporter of First Amendment rights.

paragraphs: Seigenthaler joined the Nashville newspaper "The Tennessean" in 1949. He resigned in 1960 to be Robert F. Kennedy's administrative assistant. For a brief time, he was thought to have been directly involved in the Kennedy assasinations of both John F. Kennedy, and his brother, Robert. Nothing was ever proven. He rejoined "The Tennessean" as editor in 1962. He became publisher in 1973. He became chairman in 1982. He retired as chairman emeritus in 1991. Seigenthaler was also founding editorial director of "USA Today" from 1982 to 1991.

paragraphs: In April 2014, the Shelby Street Bridge was renamed the John Seigenthaler Pedestrian Bridge in his honor. While reporting for "The Tennessean" in the 1950s, Seigenthaler once prevented a suicidal man from jumping off the bridge.

paragraphs: Seigenthaler died of complications from colon cancer on July 11, 2014, at the age of 86. He was surrounded by his family in his home.


title: Charlie Haden

paragraphs: Charles Edward "Charlie" Haden (August 6, 1937 – July 11, 2014) was an American jazz double bass player. He was known for his long association with saxophonist Ornette Coleman, pianist Keith Jarrett, and his Liberation Music Orchestra, a group he co-led with pianist Carla Bley.

paragraphs: Haden died in Los Angeles on July 11, 2014 after complications from polio, aged 76.


title: RoboCop

paragraphs: RoboCop is a 1987 science fiction action crime movie. It is directed by Paul Verhoeven. The movie stars Peter Weller, Nancy Allen, Dan O'Herlihy, Kurtwood Smith, Miguel Ferrer, and Ronny Cox. It is set in a crime-ridden Detroit, Michigan in the near future where the police force is run by Security Concepts, a corporation. "RoboCop" centers on police officer Alex Murphy (Weller) who is brutally attacked and fatally wounded by a gang of criminals. He is then made into a cyborg law enforcer known as "RoboCop". The movie had two sequels, "RoboCop 2" (1990) and "RoboCop 3" (1993). A remake of this movie was released in February 2014.


title: Life's a Dance

paragraphs: Life's a Dance is the debut studio album by John Michael Montgomery. The album was released on October 13, 1992.


title: Xcelerator

paragraphs: Xcelerator is a steel launched roller coaster that was built by Intamin, and is located at Knott's Berry Farm in Buena Park, California.

paragraphs: After the riders have been loaded onto the train at the station, the train is first hooked up to a catch car that is under the train. The train has to move back to hook onto the catch car in order to launch. After 2.3 seconds, the train is released from the catch car, and travels at a speed of from the station. The train then travels over a tower, or top hat element, and after that it travels through a 110 ft over banked turn, and then a 95 ft over banked turn before coming to a smooth stop over magnetic brakes.

paragraphs: Sometimes, a train does not have enough speed to make it over the top hat element. If that happens, a train tries to go up the tower, stop, then roll back to the station. This is called a shortshot, and it is part of the ride's design. A shortshot can cause the ride to be closed for a period of time while the ride is reset and tested several times before it can be opened again. Rain, weight, the number of time its launched, the outside temperature, and overheating can cause a shortshot.

paragraphs: Xcelerator will not operate in the rain so that a shortshot does not happen when the launch track is wet. Then the track needs to dry until it is safe to test the roller coaster. This happens so that a shortshot does not happen.


title: Elena Undone

paragraphs: Elena Undone is a 2010 lesbian romantic drama movie. The title character is the wife of a pastor. She has strong feelings for another woman. She later divorces the pastor and falls in love with a woman named Peyton.

paragraphs: This movie got mixed reviews. It is rated 58% by Rotten Tomatoes.


title: Programmed learning

paragraphs: Programmed learning (or 'programmed instruction') is a research-based system which helps learners work successfully. The method is guided by research done by a variety of applied psychologists and educators.

paragraphs: The learning material is in a kind of textbook or teaching machine or computer. The medium presents the material in a logical and tested sequence. The text is in small steps or larger chunks. After each step, learners are given a question to test their comprehension. Then immediately the correct answer is shown. This means the learner at all stages makes responses, and is given immediate knowledge of results.

paragraphs: It is rather interesting that Edward L. Thorndike wrote in 1912:

paragraphs: "If, by a miracle of mechanical ingenuity, a book could be so arranged that only to him who had done what was directed on page one would page two become visible, and so on, much that now requires personal instruction could be managed by print".

paragraphs: Thorndike, however, did nothing with his idea. The first such system was devised by Sidney L. Pressey in 1926. "The first.. [teaching machine] was developed by Sidney L. Pressey... While originally developed as a self-scoring machine... [it] demonstrated its ability to actually teach".

paragraphs: In World War II, with largely conscript armies, there was great emphasis on training. What was learnt influenced education and training after the war. One of the main methods was the use of movies as a group training method. Research on the effectiveness of training films was done extensively. In one account, Lumsdaine comments that research on films went on "from about 1918 to the present" (meaning 1962).

paragraphs: A few conclusions stood out from the research. One was that films were great at giving overviews of a situation or an operation. However, they were less successful at getting over the details. Some general features of film (and, later, television) stand out. One is that a film goes at its own pace. Another is that no specific responses or activities are required from the viewer. A third is that the audience is varied, sometimes hugely varied. This gives clues to ways of improving instructional films.

paragraphs: In a 1946 experiment at Yale University, questions for students were put between segments of a film on the heart and circulation, with correct answers given after students had responded (knowledge of results). This added significantly to the amount learnt from the film. Lumsdaine commented that even showing the basic film twice was not so effective as showing the version with questions and answers.

paragraphs: The connections between this experiment and those of Pressey were obvious. Active responses by learners and helpful feedback on the activities were now seen as critical elements in any successful system of learning. Pressey's work had been half forgotten, but it was now recognised as significant.

paragraphs: If so much research had already been done on learning from films, what exactly did programmed learning add? The short answer is "stimulus control", by which is broadly meant the teaching material itself. Also, in programmed learning, a complete system was proposed which included these stages:

paragraphs: A helpful discussion of the different programming techniques was given by Klaus.

paragraphs: Although there were three or four other systems proposed, we discuss here the two best-known methods.

paragraphs: One was by Norman Crowder, a psychologist with the U.S. Air Force. He had been asked to investigate the training of aircraft maintenance men. Crowder's system was to set multiple choice questions in the text, and provide feedback for each of the alternatives. Examples of this method show that the alternatives offered in questions were chosen to cover mistakes which students were likely to make.

paragraphs: Much better known was the other style of programmed learning, as proposed by the behaviourist B.F. Skinner. Skinner made some very effective criticisms of traditional teaching methods. His scheme of programmed instruction was to present the material as part of a "schedule of reinforcement" in typical behaviourist manner. The programmed text of Skinner's theory of behaviorism is the most complete example of his ideas in action. Skinner was a wonderful publicist for his own ideas, as can be seen from this passage:

paragraphs: Both methods were originally presented in machines, and both were later presented in book form. Both systems were to an extent student centered. They were ways of teaching individual learners who worked at their own pace. Both systems (in different ways) used knowledge of results to promote learning. In both systems the content was pre-tested to identify problems and iron them out. Both systems emphasised clear learning objectives. Progress in learning was measured by pre- and post-tests of equivalent difficulty. Many practical tests showed the effectiveness of these methods.

paragraphs: Many of these ideas were picked up and used in other educational fields, such as open learning (see the Open University) and computer-assisted learning.


title: Sidney L. Pressey

paragraphs: Sidney L. Pressey (Brooklyn, New York, 1888 1979) was Professor of Psychology at Ohio State University for many years. He is famous for having invented a teaching machine many years before the idea became popular.

paragraphs: Pressey joined Ohio State in 1921, and stayed there until he retired in 1959. He continued publishing after retirement, with 18 papers between 1959 and 1967. He was a cognitive psychologist who "rejected a view of learning as an accumulation of responses governed by environmental stimuli in favor of one governed by meaning, intention, and purpose". In fact, he had been a cognitive psychologist his entire life, well before the "mythical birthday of the cognitive revolution in psychology".

paragraphs: Pressey was the first winner of the E.L. Thorndike Award for achievements in educational technology, in 1964. This is an award of the American Psychological Association.

paragraphs: In 1923, Pressey and a co-worker published the first reading ease formula. They had been concerned that science textbooks in junior high school had so many technical words. They felt that teachers spent all class time explaining their meaning. They argued that their formula would help to measure and reduce the “vocabulary burden” of textbooks. Their formula, based on the Thorndike word list, took three hours to apply to a single book. It was a measure of vocabulary difficulty. Many later formulae made use of some measure of sentence complexity as well as vocabulary. These are the two main causes of text difficulty or 'readability'.

paragraphs: Pressey's idea started as a machine for administering multiple-choice questions to students. These were (and are still) a basic method for testing students in the U.S.A.. The machine had a window with a question and four answers. The student pressed the key to the chosen answer. The machine recorded the answer on a counter to the back of the machine, and showed the next question.

paragraphs: The great idea was to fix the machine so that it would not move on until the student chose the right answer. Then it was easy to show that the second arrangement taught the students what were the right answers. This was the first demonstration that a machine could teach, and also a demonstration that knowledge of results was the cause of the learning.

paragraphs: A number of reviews credit Pressey with being the founder of programmed learning and teaching machines, long before the better known efforts of B.F. Skinner. Skinner was, however, responsible for bringing the whole subject into popular view, and his critique of the limitations of traditional classroom teaching is a classic work.


title: Polar climate

paragraphs: Polar climate has temperatures below for much of the year. According to the Köppen climate classification, a polar climate is one in which no monthly average goes above . If the temperature is between and in the warmest month, it is a tundra climate. If the average temperature is below in the warmest month, it is an ice cap climate. These climates are found near the poles and on high mountains. There is usually little precipitation because the air is so dry. Ice cap climates are in the Arctic Ocean, Greenland, Iceland, Antarctica and at high altitude.

paragraphs: About 20% of the Earth has a polar climate.


title: Teaching machine

paragraphs: Teaching machines were originally mechanical devices. They presented educational materials and taught students. They were first invented by Sidney L. Pressey. His machine originally administered multiple-choice questions. When the machine was set so it moved on only when the student got the right answer, tests showed that learning had taken place. Much later, Norman Crowder developed the Pressey idea much further.

paragraphs: B.F. Skinner was responsible for a different type of machine which used his ideas on how learning should be directed with positive reinforcement.

paragraphs: There is extensive experience that both methods worked well, and so did programmed learning in other forms, such as books.

paragraphs: The ideas of teaching machines and programmed learning provided the basis for later ideas such as open learning and computer-assisted instruction.


title: Luke Shaw

paragraphs: Luke Paul Hoare Shaw (born 12 July 1995) is an English professional footballer. He plays as a defender for Manchester United and the England national team. Shaw primarily plays as a left back.


title: Konstantinos Stephanopoulos

paragraphs: Konstantinos "Kostis" Stephanopoulos (, August 15, 1926 – November 20, 2016) was a Greek conservative politician. He served as President of Greece from 1995 to 2005. He was the longest serving president of the Third Hellenic Republic.

paragraphs: Stephanopoulos died at a hospital in Athens, Greece on November 20, 2016 from pneumonia, aged 90.


title: Ray Lonnen

paragraphs: Ray Lonnen (18 May 1940 – 11 July 2014) was an English stage and television actor. His most famous roles include Willie Caine in the cold-war spy drama series "The Sandbaggers" (1978–80) and also as Harry Brown in the television miniseries "Harry's Game" (1982).

paragraphs: Lonnen died on 11 July 2014 from cancer, aged 74.


title: Nestor Basterretxea

paragraphs: Nestor Basterretxea Arzadun (6 May 1924 – 12 July 2014) was a Basque-Spanish artist. He was born in Bermeo, Biscay. In the 1950s and 60s, he worked along with other artists such as Jorge Oteiza, Remigio Mendiburu, and Eduardo Chillida.

paragraphs: In the 1980s Basterretxea was the Culture Councillor for the Basque Government for two years. Towards the end of that decade, he created two of his best known works: La Paloma de Paz (Peace Dove). It was installed in la Zurriola, Donostia (San Sebastian) and later on moved to a roundabout outside the Anoeta Stadium of the same city. In 1989, he created the Monument to the Basque Shepherd. It was installed in Reno, Atlanta.

paragraphs: Basterretxea died in his home in Hondarribia in the morning of 12 July 2014, at the age of 90.


title: Valeriya Novodvorskaya

paragraphs: Valeriya Ilyinichna Novodvorskaya (; 17 May 1950 – 12 July 2014) was a liberal Russian politician and Soviet dissident. She was the founder and the chairwoman of the "Democratic Union" party and a member of the editorial board of the news magazine "The New Times". Novodvorskaya was a fierce critic of the president Vladimir Putin and his regime.


title: CyanogenMod

paragraphs: CyanogenMod is an operating system for many smartphones and tablet computers. It is based on the Android operating system. This means all of Android's programs (called "apps") can be used with CyanogenMod.

paragraphs: Because it is Open sourced it can be changed. It provides more options for a smartphone or tablet computer than with normal Android.

paragraphs: But CyanogenMod is more difficult to set up than other similar operating systems. This is why most of CyanogenMod's users know more about Android than the normal Android user.

paragraphs: CyanogenMod can be installed from this link. Also, some phones, such as the , come with CyanogenMod as its default OS.


title: Slugterra: Return of the Elementals

paragraphs: Slugterra: Return of the Elementals is a 2014 Canadian animated movie produced by Nerd Crops Entertainment Inc. and distributed by Disney XD Canada, Screen Vision, Shout Factory, and Cineplex. The movie was released in theaters on August 2, 2014 in the United States.

paragraphs: Junjie (Previously the Dark Slinger from "") joins the Shane Gang. They must stop an evil alliance led by the Goon Doc from "Slugterra: Ghoul From Beyond" from finding the four ancient elemental slugs—earth, air, fire, and water—which Goon Doc could use to destroy the 99 caverns.


title: Eileen Ford

paragraphs: Eileen Ford (née Otte; March 25, 1922 – July 9, 2014) was an American model agency executive and co-founder. She founded the Ford Modeling Agency (now called Ford Models) in 1946.

paragraphs: Ford was born in New York City. She died in Morristown, New Jersey at age ninety-two.


title: John Michael Montgomery (album)

paragraphs: John Michael Montgomery is the third studio album by John Michael Montgomery. The album was released on March 28, 1995.


title: RoboCop 2

paragraphs: RoboCop 2 is a 1990 American science fiction action movie. It was directed by Irvin Kershner and starred Peter Weller. It is a sequel to the 1987 movie "RoboCop". The movie is set in the near future in Detroit, Michigan. A sequel to this movie, "Robocop 3", was released in 1993. A remake of the 1987 movie was released in February 2014.


title: RoboCop 3

paragraphs: RoboCop 3 is a 1993 American science fiction film action movie. It is the third movie in the "RoboCop" franchise. It's a sequel to "RoboCop" and "RoboCop 2". Robert John Bruke replaces Peter Weller as the cyborg RoboCop. A remake of the first film of the same name released in February 2014. The film picks off where the second film left off.


title: A Prairie Home Companion

paragraphs: A Prairie Home Companion is a live radio variety show created and hosted by Garrison Keillor. The show runs on Saturdays from 5 to 7 pm Central Time. It is usually broadcast from the Fitzgerald Theater in Saint Paul, Minnesota. The program is also taken on the road. "A Prairie Home Companion" is known for its musical guests, especially folk and traditional musicians. It is also known for its tongue-in-cheek humor and Keillor's storytelling segment, "News from Lake Wobegon".

paragraphs: The radio program inspired a 2006 film of the same name, written by Keillor, directed by Robert Altman, and featuring Keillor, Lily Tomlin, Meryl Streep, Lindsay Lohan, Tommy Lee Jones, Kevin Kline, John C. Reilly, and Woody Harrelson.

paragraphs: "A Prairie Home Companion" started as a morning show, running from 6 to 9 am on Minnesota Public Radio. The first program aired on 6 July 1974 before an audience of 12 people. The idea for the name came from a cemetery in Moorhead, Minnesota called the Prairie Home. It was located across the street from the radio station.

paragraphs: In April 1974, Keillor traveled to Nashville. This was the last broadcast of the Grand Ole Opry from the old Ryman Auditorium and Keillor was doing a story for The New Yorker Magazine. He decided to host a variety show based on that format on the radio. On July 6, 1974, the first live broadcast of "A Prairie Home Companion" took place.

paragraphs: In 1978, the show moved into the World Theater in Saint Paul, Minnesota. In 1987, he decided to move to Denmark with his new wife. He then moved to New York City. In 1989 he began a new show "The American Radio Company of the Air." The format was the same, but the program was geared to the New York audience. But after four seasons he moved back to Minnesota and brought back the Prairie Home Companion.

paragraphs: In 1985, the program was taped for audiences in Australia and Sweden. In 1990 digital tapes were rebroadcast in Tiwan. By 1995 the program was rebroadcast in numerous countries via satellite.

paragraphs: Music is a main feature of the program. It includes many different kinds of music, including country, bluegrass, blues, and gospel. The program also has guest performers from a wide variety of other styles of music, including classical, opera and music from a number of different countries.

paragraphs: One of the show's best-known features is Keillor's "News from Lake Wobegon". This is a weekly storytelling monologue, claiming to be a report from Keillor's fictitious hometown of Lake Wobegon. The segment always begins with "It's been a quiet week in Lake Woebegone, my hometown." It almost always ends with "And that's the news from Lake Wobegon, where all the women are strong, all the men are good-looking, and all the children are above average."

paragraphs: Because the program is aired on public broadcasting radio, they are not allowed to have real advertisements. Instead, the show produces fictional advertisements for fictional products. The ads are performed in the style of live old-time radio commercials. The show is "sponsored" by fictitious products including "Powdermilk Biscuits", "Cafe Boeuf" and the "American Duct Tape Council".

paragraphs: The program recently celebrated its 40th year.


title: Kochas

paragraphs: Kochas is a town in the Rohtas District, Bihar, India. At the 2001 census, 119,576 people lived there. Many of the people are associated with defence jobs. Many people in Kochas are dependent on agriculture and agricultural products. Sometimes lack of rain creates problems for farmers.

paragraphs: The closest railway station to Kochas is in Sasaram, away. There are three other railway stations in the area. Kochas has everything needed to live a middle class life. Kochas is famous for 1) Kanslilla . 2)sweets of Bhikharishah.


title: Battle of Monocacy

paragraphs: The Battle of Monocacy was one of the most important battles of the American Civil War. It was fought near Frederick, Maryland on July 9, 1864. A Confederate army commanded by Jubal Early was marching eastward towards Washington, D.C., to capture the city. A small Union army commanded by Lew Wallace fought the Confederates along the Monocacy River. The battle took most of the day to fight. The Confederates finally made Wallace's force retreat about 4:30 p.m. However, the delay kept the Confederates from reaching Washington until General Grant's soldiers reached the city. The Battle of Monocacy is sometimes called "the battle that saved Washington".

paragraphs: The Monocacy National Battlefield, established in 1976 as a unit of the National Park Service, covers 1,647 acres of the battlefield along the Monocacy River south of Frederick, Md. The address is 5201 Urbana Pike, Frederick, Md.

paragraphs: The Civil War Trust (a division of the American Battlefield Trust) and its partners have acquired and preserved 445 acres of the battlefield. some of which is now part of the park.


title: Cape Columbia

paragraphs: Cape Columbia is the northernmost point of land of Canada. It is on Ellesmere Island in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut. It marks the westernmost coastal point of Lincoln Sea in the Arctic Ocean. It is only 769 kilometers (478 miles) from the North Pole.


title: Outer Banks

paragraphs: The Outer Banks are a line of barrier islands off the east coast of North Carolina.

paragraphs: The islands form a 200 mile long stretch. The islands are narrow. The islands are supported by tourism. The Atlantic Ocean is to the east and the Pamlico Sound is to the west. In the 1580s, the Lost Colony was built on the Outer Banks. The Wright Brothers's first flight happened on the Outer Banks in 1903.


title: Jan Nolten

paragraphs: Jan Nolten (20 January 1930 – 13 July 2014) was a Dutch professional road bicycle racer. Nolten rode in five Tours de France, and won two stages.

paragraphs: Nolten was hospitalized in July 2014 after suffering a brain hemorrhage and died three days later.


title: Lorin Maazel

paragraphs: Lorin Varencove Maazel (March 6, 1930 – July 13, 2014) was an American conductor, violinist and composer.

paragraphs: Maazel was born to Jewish American parents of Russian origin in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France. His father, Lincoln Maazel, was also a conductor.

paragraphs: In 1960, Maazel became the first American to conduct at the Bayreuth Festspielhaus. He was chief conductor of the Deutsche Oper Berlin from 1965 to 1971 and the Radio-Symphonie-Orchester (RSO) Berlin from 1964 to 1975.

paragraphs: He died aged 84 on July 13, 2014, his Castleton Farms estate in Virginia, from complications of pneumonia.


title: Emil Bobu

paragraphs: Emil Bobu (22 February 1927 – 12 July 2014) was a Romanian Communist activist and politician. He was Interior Minister from 1973 to 1975. He was Labor Minister from 1979 to 1981. He was an influential figure in the later years of the Communist regime until his downfall during the 1989 Revolution.

paragraphs: Bobu died on 12 July 2014 at University Emergency Hospital Bucharest from a heart attack.


title: Carin Mannheimer

paragraphs: Carin Mannheimer ("Karin Birgitta Mannheimer"; "Jacobson" 17 August 1934 – 11 July 2014) was a Swedish dramatist, screenwriter, author and film director. Mannheimer was known for her book "Rapport om kvinnor" ('Report on Women') (1969).

paragraphs: According to a text message sent by her daughter to the newspaper Göteborgs-Posten Mannheimer died unexpectedly on 11 July 2014 at the age of 79.


title: Dave Legeno

paragraphs: David "Dave" Legeno (12 October 1963 – 6 July 2014) was an English actor, boxer, and mixed martial artist. He was best known for his role as the werewolf Fenrir Greyback in three "Harry Potter" movies; "Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince" (2009), "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1" (2010) and "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2" (2011). He also had roles in "Batman Begins" (2005), "Stormbreaker" (2006) and "Snow White and the Huntsman" (2012).

paragraphs: Legeno was born in Marylebone, London. He lived with his daughter, Wendy, in England.

paragraphs: Legeno was found dead by hikers on 6 July 2014. He was hiking at the Death Valley National Park in the Sierra Nevada mountain range of California. His cause of death was heat stroke. He was 50.


title: Kickin' it Up

paragraphs: Kickin' it Up is the second studio album by John Michael Montgomery. The album was released on January 25, 1994.


title: Luiz Alberto Dias Menezes

paragraphs: Luiz Alberto Dias Menezes (5 October 1950 – 9 July 2014) was a Brazilian geologist, mineralogist and mineral dealer. He collected the material that was used for the discovery of new mineral was named in his honor as menezesite. He was born in São Paulo.

paragraphs: Menezes died on 9 July 2014 in São Paulo, aged 63.


title: Fitzgerald Theater

paragraphs: The Fitzgerald Theater is the oldest active theatre in Saint Paul, Minnesota. It is the home of American Public Media's "A Prairie Home Companion". The theater is owned by Minnesota Public Radio. The Fitzgerald was also the location for the 2006 film of the same name.

paragraphs: It was built in 1910 at a cost of $165,000. It had a sandstone front and was of concrete and steel construction. The theatre had several very modern features for its time. It had 2,000 electric light bulbs. The stage could be lowered and raised by two feet. It had 16 dressing rooms and a side entrance for those arriving in automobiles. It was one of many theaters built by the Shubert Theatre Corporation. It was originally named the Sam S. Shubert Theater. The theatre was designed by the noted Chicago architectural firm of Marshall and Fox.

paragraphs: By 1933 it had fallen on hard times. Even the Broadway shows that played there could not make it profitable. That same year it was remodeled in the Art Deco style and renamed the World Theatre. It became a movie theatre and specialized in showing foreign films. By 1978 it was scheduled to be torn down. Minnesota Public Radio was looking for a new home for one of it's programs, A Prairie Home Companion. They were able to lease the theatre for a very reasonable price. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984 as the Sam S. Shubert Theatre and Shubert Building. In 1985 it was decided the building was unsafe and was in danger of closing permanently. After raising nearly two million dollars, the building was once again renovated. In 1994 it was renamed after St. Paul native F. Scott Fitzgerald.

paragraphs: In 2005, the theater was used for filming the movie "A Prairie Home Companion", directed by Robert Altman. Garrison Keillor, the star of the radio show also starred in the movie. He was instrumental in getting Hollywood stars such as Meryl Streep and Lily Tomlin for the movie.

paragraphs: The movie was shot digitally which allowed the cast and crew to fit into the small building. Even the theatre's basement was used for movie sets. With all the actors, technicians, electricians and carpenters squeezed into a small space, it was "as crowded as an ant farm". A Hollywood-style premiere was held at the Fitzgerald on 3 May 2006. A parade led from Rice Park to the theatre and the red carpet was laid out for the stars who arrived in white horse-drawn carriages.


title: Typhoon Rammasun (2014)

paragraphs: Typhoon Rammasun (known in the Philippines as Typhoon Glenda) was a 2014 Pacific Ocean typhoon. It affected Guam. It was expected to come to the Philippines, Taiwan, eastern China and Vietnam.

paragraphs: Storm notices and warnings were activated from the Philippines to Vietnam and China. The Philippine threat from this typhoon was especially strong.

paragraphs: As of July 18, the typhoon had killed 38 people in the Philippines.


title: Battle of the Wilderness

paragraphs: The Battle of the Wilderness was a battle of the American Civil War. It was the first battle of the Overland Campaign. It was fought from May 5 to 7, 1864. A Union army commanded by U.S. Grant started marching south to capture Richmond, Virginia. The Confederate Army of Northern Virginia, commanded by Robert E. Lee, attacked Grant's army in an area called the Wilderness. After two days, Grant wasn't able to defeat Lee's army. He then decided to move the Union army southward to get between Lee and Richmond. This resulted in the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House. This was a battle that was considered inconclusive


title: Lofsdalen

paragraphs: Lofsdalen is a minor locality and ski resort located in Härjedalen Municipality, Sweden. In 2010, 116 people lived there.


title: Onsala

paragraphs: Onsala is a locality located in Kungsbacka Municipality, Sweden.


title: Krombacher Brauerei

paragraphs: Krombacher Brauerei is one of the largest private owned breweries in Germany and the best selling German beer in 2015. Their headquarters are in Kreuztal, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.


title: Kreuztal

paragraphs: Kreuztal is a town in the Siegen-Wittgenstein district, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. As of 2012, 30,827 people live there.

paragraphs: The first documents about the area go back to 1067. The town began to develop in 1861 after the "Ruhr-Sieg" railroad was made, making Kreuztal a railroad hub at that time. The town of Kreuztal was made on 1 January 1969.


title: Panzer I

paragraphs: The Panzer I tank was a Nazi Germany light tank that was used during many wars of the 1930s as well as during World War II. The name of the tank is short for Panzerkampfwagen I ("armored fighting vehicle mark I") (abbreviated "PzKpfw I").

paragraphs: The tank was only intended for use as a training tank to introduce the concept of armoured warfare to the German Army. The tank was used in combat in Spain during the Spanish Civil War, in Poland, France, the Soviet Union and North Africa during the Second World War, and in China during the Second Sino-Japanese War. The tank had thin armor and light armament of two machine guns. It was weak in combat but was a large part of Germany's tank forces. The Panzer I was replaced by the Panzer IV, Panther, and Tiger later on.


title: C.D. Lugo

paragraphs: C.D. Lugo is a football club which plays in Spain.


title: High Point, North Carolina

paragraphs: High Point is a city in central North Carolina. In 2010, it had 104,731 people. It is southwest of Greensboro and southeast of Winston-Salem. High Point has furniture, textile and bus manufacturing.


title: Greenville, North Carolina

paragraphs: Greenville is the county seat of Pitt County, North Carolina, in the eastern part of the state. It is on Tar River. In 2010, it had 84,554 people.


title: Alice Coachman

paragraphs: Alice Marie Coachman (November 9, 1923 – July 14, 2014) was an American athlete. She specialized in high jump. She was the first black woman to win an Olympic gold medal. In 2002 she was designated a Women's History Month Honoree by the National Women's History Project.


title: Albany, Georgia

paragraphs: Albany is a city, in and the county seat of Dougherty County, Georgia, United States, in the southwestern part of the state. The population was 77,434 at the 2010 U.S. Census, making it the eighth-largest city in Georgia.

paragraphs: Legendary singer Ray Charles was born in Albany in 1930.


title: Oral rehydration therapy

paragraphs: Oral rehydration therapy is a treatment for dehydration: the sick person drinks water mixed with sugar and salt. They don't stop eating food. There is a mixture that is used for severe dehydration: This mixture also includes zinc. Those who take care of the sick person are taught how they can see it if the dehydration gets worse. The World Health Organization and UNICEF specify indications, preparations and procedures for ORT.

paragraphs: The therapy was developed in the second half of the 20th century. It has helped lower the number of human deaths from dehydration in vomiting and diarrheal illnesses, especially in cholera epidemics occurring in children. It is sign for public health getting better all over the world. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, a list of the most important medication needed in a basic health system.

paragraphs: Before ORT was used often, most of the children who died in developing nations, died from diarrhea. Between 1980 and 2006, the introduction of ORT is thought to have lowered the number of young children who died anywhere in the world from 5 to 3 million every year. However, in 2008, diarrhea is still the second most common cause of death in children under five years (17 percent), (after pneumonia (19 percent)). Moreover, by the same year, the use of ORT in children under five had declined.

paragraphs: WHO and UNICEF developed official guidelines for how to make ORS. Depending on what materials are available, they propose different alternative preparations. Commercial preparations are available as either pre-prepared fluids or packets of oral rehydration salts (ORS) ready for mixing with the fluid.

paragraphs: WHO/UNICEF's formula is salt (NaCal), trisodium citrate dihydrate , KCl, anhydrous glucose (formula_1) per litre of fluid.

paragraphs: A basic oral rehydration therapy solution is composed of salt, sugar, and water in solution, made using a standard ratio and is appropriate for use in situations when ORS must be prepared without the standard ingredients.

paragraphs: The Rehydration Project says that making it a bit too thin (using more than 1 liter of fluid) is not bad for the sick person.

paragraphs: The best fluid is plain, clean water. However, fluids such as rice water, coconut water, vegetable broth, yogurt, weak unsweetened tea, unsweetened fresh fruit juice or even non-drinking water are recommended when plain, clean water is unavailable. Water can be made safe with chlorine, or by boiling it. However, ORS should still be given even if the water is maybe unsafe. Rehydration is more important.

paragraphs: The molar ratio of sugar to salt should be 1:1 and the solution should not be hyperosmolar. The Mayo clinic suggests half a teaspoon of salt, six level teaspoons of sugar and water. The British Columbia health service suggests 1 part fruit juice without sugar, mixed with 4 parts water.


title: Don Lenhardt

paragraphs: Donald Eugene "Don" Lenhardt (October 4, 1922 – July 9, 2014), nicknamed "Footsie", was an American baseballer. He was an outfielder, first baseman, third baseman, scout and coach in Major League Baseball. He played for the St. Louis Browns, the Chicago White Sox, the Boston Red Sox and the Detroit Tigers between 1950 and 1954.

paragraphs: Lenhardt was born in Alton, Illinois. He was nicknamed "Footsie" by teammates because he often had a hard time finding shoes that fit him right.

paragraphs: Lenhardt died on July 9, 2014 in Chesterfield, Missouri, aged 91.


title: Kenneth J. Gray

paragraphs: Kenneth James Gray (November 14, 1924 – July 12, 2014) was an Americans politician, businessman and auctioneer. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He was a U.S. Representative from Illinois's 25th, 21st, 24th and 22nd congressional districts. He served as a Representative between 1955 to 1974 and 1985 to 1989.

paragraphs: Gray was born in West Frankfort, Illinois. He was a World War II veteran and got five medals for his service.

paragraphs: Gray died on July 12, 2014 in Herrin, Illinois, aged 89.


title: Peter Underwood

paragraphs: The Honourable Peter George Underwood (10 October 1937 – 7 July 2014) was an Australian jurist and politician. He was the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Tasmania from 2004 to 2008. He was a judge of that court since 1984. He was the Governor of Tasmania from 2008 until his death in 2014. He replaced William Cox.

paragraphs: Underwood was born in the United Kingdom. He moved to Australia in 1950 at the age of 13. He served in the Royal Australian Navy and graduated from the University of Tasmania in 1960.

paragraphs: Underwood had a tumour removed from his kidney in early June 2014. However, he had a setback after coming back to office. He died from kidney cancer on 7 July 2014 in Hobart. He was 76.


title: Lois Johnson

paragraphs: Lois Johnson Scoggins (May 15, 1942 – July 7, 2014) was an American country music singer. She recorded for the record labels Columbia, MGM, 20th Century, Polydor between 1969 and 1978. She charted twenty singles on the Hot Country Songs charts. Her song "Loving You Will Never Grow Old" reached No. 6 in 1975. She toured with Hank Williams, Jr. between 1970 and 1973.

paragraphs: Johnson was born in Union County, Tennessee. She was raised in Maynardville, Tennessee.

paragraphs: Johnson died after a long illness on July 7, 2014 in Nashville, Tennessee, aged 72.


title: Robert C. Broomfield

paragraphs: Robert Cameron Broomfield (June 18, 1933 – July 10, 2014) was an American judge. He was a member of the United States District Court for the District of Arizona. President Ronald Reagan nominated him on May 15, 1985 and he was confirmed by the United States Senate on July 10, 1985. He served as chief judge from 1994 to 1999 and as a senior judge until his death.

paragraphs: Broomfield was born in Detroit, Michigan. He went to both the Pennsylvania State University and the University of Arizona College of Law.

paragraphs: Broomfield died from cancer on July 10, 2014 in Phoenix, Arizona, aged 81.


title: Canis

paragraphs: Canis is a genus with seven to ten living species. It incudes the domestic dog, wolves, coyotes, and jackals, and various extinct species. 'Canis' means "dog" in Latin.

paragraphs: Their canine teeth are adapted for killing, and their molar teeth can crunch bone. They are able to chase prey over long distances, far more so than felines.


title: Nancy Astor

paragraphs: Nancy Astor, Vicountess Astor CH (Nancy Witcher Langhorne Astor, 19 May 1879 2 May 1964) was an American-born English politician and socialite.

paragraphs: She was the first woman to sit as a Member of Parliament (MP) in the House of Commons. Her second husband was Waldorf Astor.

paragraphs: She was once asked by an English woman, "Have you come to get our husbands?" Her reply, "If you knew the trouble I had getting rid of mine..." charmed her listeners and displayed the wit which later became famous.

paragraphs: Her second husband, Waldorf Astor, was born in the United States but the family to England when Waldorf was twelve. The couple were well matched from the start. Not only were they both American expatriates with similar temperaments, but they were of the same age, being born on the same day, 19 May 1879.

paragraphs: After marrying Waldorf, Nancy moved into Cliveden, a lavish estate in Buckinghamshire on the River Thames. It was a wedding gift from Astor's father, She became a prominent hostess for the social elite. The Astors also owned a grand London house, No. 4 St. James's Square, which is now the premises of the Naval & Military Club.

paragraphs: A blue plaque unveiled in 1987 commemorates Astor at St. James's Square. Through her many social connections, Lady Astor became involved in a political circle which advocated unity and equality among English-speaking people and support for British imperialism.


title: Temptation of Wife (2012 TV series)

paragraphs: Temptation of Wife is a Philippine television drama series. It is broadcast by GMA Network.

paragraphs: Angeline and Heidi share a deep bond of friendship ever since Heidi was orphaned and was taken under the custody of Angeline's parents, Abner and Minda. Angeline grows up responsible and compassionate while Heidi, fueled by ambition and envy, secretly detests Angeline and always feels inferior next to her.

paragraphs: Many boys are attracted to Angeline but she falls in love with Marcel. It doesn't take long before Angeline becomes pregnant and gives up on her dreams of becoming a nurse in order to marry Marcel.

paragraphs: Although their marriage is void of happiness, Angeline tries to be an excellent wife to her husband, and takes good care of her in-laws, Romeo and Stella. However, she soon learns that the life she chose is full of lies and betrayals. Adding to her woes is her unexpected miscarriage. She soon discovers that Marcel is cheating on her and shocked to learn of Heidi’s treachery. Angeline is devastated by the thought of being betrayed by the two people closest to her heart.

paragraphs: Marcel decides to end his affair with Heidi but Heidi is already pregnant with his child. He chooses to live with her as Angeline is forced to go back and stay with her parents. But Angeline finds out that she, too, is pregnant with Marcel's child.

paragraphs: Heidi then tries to get rid of that child but ends up drowning Angeline herself by accident. But by a twist of fate, Angeline survives and is back for revenge. She assumes the identity of another woman and seeks out vengeance against Marcel and Heidi. Now, it's time for pay back and Angeline will do everything to taste the bittersweet part of her revenge.


title: Gert Voss

paragraphs: Gert Voss (10 October 1941 – 13 July 2014) was a German actor. He was known for his roles in "Der Kopf des Mohren" (1995), "Doktor Knock" (1996) and "Ritter, Dene, Voss" (1987). He was born in Shanghai, China.

paragraphs: Voss died in Vienna, Austria from leukemia, aged 72.


title: Alfred de Grazia

paragraphs: Alfred de Grazia (December 29, 1919 - July 12, 2014), born in Chicago, Illinois, was an American political scientist and author. He developed techniques of computer-based social network analysis in the 1950s, developed new ideas about personal digital archives in the 1970s, and defended the catastrophism thesis of Immanuel Velikovsky.

paragraphs: On December 31, 2013, Alfred was awarded the highest French distinction, being made a Chevalier of the Legion of Honor by decree of President François Hollande.


title: Alberto Cassano

paragraphs: Alberto Cassano (23 January 1935 – 12 July 2014) was an Argentine engineer and academic. He was a professor at the Universidad Nacional del Litoral during most of his career. He founded the program CONICET. He founded INTEC and CERIDE.

paragraphs: Cassano died in Santa Fe Province from a long illness, aged 79.


title: James MacGregor Burns

paragraphs: James MacGregor Burns (August 3, 1918 – July 15, 2014) was an American historian and political scientist, presidential biographer, and authority on leadership studies. He was the Woodrow Wilson Professor of Government Emeritus at Williams College and Distinguished Leadership Scholar at the James MacGregor Burns Academy of Leadership of the School of Public Policy at the University of Maryland, College Park. He was notable for writing books about Franklin D. Roosevelt.

paragraphs: Burns was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He was raised in Burlington, Massachusetts. Burns studied at Lexington High School in Lexington, Massachusetts and at Williams College.

paragraphs: In 1971, Burns received the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award in History and Biography for his work on America's 32nd president, "".

paragraphs: Burns died in Williamstown, Massachusetts on July 15, 2014, aged 95.


title: Vange Leonel

paragraphs: Maria Evangelina "Vange" Leonel Gandolfo (May 4, 1963 – July 14, 2014) was a Brazilian singer-songwriter, journalist, novelist, playwright, feminist and LGBT activist. She was famous for her work with the now-defunct post-punk band Nau.

paragraphs: On July 14, 2014, Vange died after a long struggle with ovarian cancer. Her body was cremated one day later.


title: Robert A. Roe

paragraphs: Robert A. "Bob" Roe (February 28, 1924 – July 15, 2014) was an American Democratic Party politician. He represented New Jersey in the United States House of Representatives for over twenty-three years. He served from November 4, 1969 to January 3, 1993. He was also Mayor of Wayne, New Jersey.

paragraphs: Roe died at the age of 90 on July 15, 2014.


title: Jean Dausset

paragraphs: Jean-Baptiste-Gabriel-Joachim Dausset (October 19, 1916 – June 6, 2009) was a French immunologist.

paragraphs: Dausset won the Wolf Prize in Medicine in 1978. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1980 for his "discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions". He shared the prize with Baruj Benacerraf and George Davis Snell.

paragraphs: He was born on October 19, 1916 in Toulouse, France to Henri Dausset and Elisabeth Dausset (born Renard). Dausset was the youngest of four children. His father was a doctor from Pyrenees and his mother was a housewife from Lorraine. After World War I ended, the family moved to Biarritz where Jean would spend most of his childhood. His father worked at the Bayonne Hospital where he was a head doctor. Seeing this made a great impression on Jean. Jean was home schooled by his mother and a tutor who would come to the house. When Jean turned 11, his family moved to Paris and he began formal schooling at the Lycée Michel when he turned 15. After he was able to earn his baccalaureate in mathematics, he decided to study medicine at the University of Paris after being convinced by his father. Right after he became an extern at the Paris Hospitals when he turned 19, his parents both died. He was unable to pass his internship entrance exam at the Paris Hospitals on his first attempt. He was about to prepare for a second attempt but then World War II started. Dausset was sent off to Northern Italy for a year after he was enlisted in the French Army. After he spent a year there, he returned to Paris, studied and passed his medical internship exam. Soon after passing his exams, Dausset joined the Free French Forces in North Africa as an ambulance worker. He was first stationed in Morocco but was then moved to be stationed in the more active Tunisia. He got his first taste of hematology when he had to perform multiple blood transfusions on the wounded soldiers. When the war was winding down in 1944, Dausset decided to return to Paris and work in the Regional Blood Transfusion Center at the Saint-Antoine Hospital.


title: Assassination of Theo van Gogh

paragraphs: Dutch filmmaker Theo van Gogh was assassinated by Mohammed Bouyeri in Amsterdam East, Netherlands. He was murdered in broad daylight. Van Gogh's last words, according to eyewitnesses, were "Mercy mercy! We can talk about this!"

paragraphs: The murderer Mohammed Bouyeri an Islamic extremist killed van Gogh. The reason for murdering Gogh was to oppose the controversial film which criticised Islam Submission. Bouyeri shot and stabbed van Gogh, then cut his throat. Finally the killer attached a 5 letter page to van Gogh's chest with a knife. Bouyeri was chased by Dutch police after shooting a bullet into Bouyeri's leg. Bouyeri was arrested and sentenced to life imprisonment without parole. Bouyeri stated, he doesn't have any regret for killing van Gogh. He termed the assassination as Jihad.

paragraphs: Van Gogh was buried in Amsterdam on 9 November, 2004. Van Gogh's son claimed that many assassination attempts were made but van Gogh refused to take police protection.

paragraphs: Sooner after van Gogh's assassination, Ayaan Hirsi Ali and Geert Wilders went into hiding. This is because Bouyeri made death threats against Hirsi as the writer of the film.

paragraphs: On 18 March 2007, a sculpture honoring van Gogh, entitled "De Schreeuw" ("The Scream"), was unveiled in Amsterdam. It is located in the Oosterpark, a short distance from where van Gogh was murdered.


title: Bernard Bailyn

paragraphs: Bernard Bailyn (9 September 1922 – 7 August 2020) was an American historian, author, and professor specializing in U.S. Colonial and Revolutionary-era History. He was a professor at Harvard University from 1953 until his death. Bailyn won the Pulitzer Prize for History twice (in 1968 and 1987).

paragraphs: In 1998 the National Endowment for the Humanities selected him for the Jefferson Lecture. He was a recipient of the 2010 National Humanities Medal.

paragraphs: Bailyn died of heart failure at his home in Belmont, Massachusetts on August 7, 2020 at the age of 97.


title: Carl Neumann Degler

paragraphs: Carl Neumann Degler (born 6 February 1921) is an American historian. Degler served as president of the Organization of American Historians, president of the American Historical Association and president of the Southern Historical Association. He is the Margaret Byrne Professor of American History Emeritus at Stanford University.


title: Orange, New Jersey

paragraphs: The City of Orange is a township in Essex County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 30,134.


title: Shatsky Rise

paragraphs: The Shatsky Rise is an oceanic plateau southeast of Japan. It lies on the floor of the Pacific Ocean.

paragraphs: It includes what may be the largest volcano yet discovered on Earth, the Tamu Massif. The Rise and its volcanics may have formed during the Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous epochs. It is at the triple junction of three tectonic plates. These are the Pacific, the Farallon, and the Izanagi.

paragraphs: It was named after Nikolay Shatsky (1895-1960), a Soviet geologist. He was an expert in tectonics of ancient platforms.


title: Paul is dead

paragraphs: "Paul is dead" is an urban legend and conspiracy theory suggesting that Paul McCartney of the English rock band the Beatles died in 1966 and was secretly replaced by a look-alike.

paragraphs: In September 1969, American college students published articles claiming that clues to McCartney's supposed death could be found among the lyrics and artwork of the Beatles' recordings. Rumours declined after a contemporary interview with McCartney was published in "Life" magazine in November 1969.

paragraphs: Popular culture continues to make occasional reference to the legend, and McCartney poked fun at it with a 1993 live album titled "Paul Is Live", whose cover parodied "clues" allegedly on the cover of the Beatles' "Abbey Road" album.

paragraphs: The legend is based on a range of ideas. One theory says that facial recognition proves that a different person "became" Paul after 1966. The "Abbey Road" cover clues include:


title: La Junta, Colorado

paragraphs: The City of La Junta is a city that is the county seat and the most populous city of Otero County, Colorado, United States. The city population was 7,568 at the U.S. Census 2000.


title: Victoria Peak

paragraphs: Victoria Peak (, or previously Chinese: ) is a mountain in the western part of Hong Kong Island. It is also called Mount Austin and The Peak. Its altitude is . It is the highest mountain on the Hong Kong Island. (Tai Mo Shan is the highest mountain in Hong Kong).


title: Lammtarra

paragraphs: Lammtarra (February 2, 1992 – July 6, 2014) was an unbeaten Thoroughbred racehorse. He won three Group One races in 1995. He was voted the Cartier Three-year-old European Champion Colt. He won the Epsom Derby in record time, the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes and the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe. The only other horse to win these races was Mill Reef.

paragraphs: Lammtarra was bred in Kentucky, United States. He was trained in both the U.S. and the United Kingdom.

paragraphs: Lammtarra was first retired to Japan's Arrow Stud. He was later moved to England's Dalham Hall Stud in Newmarket, Suffolk. He died on July 6, 2014, aged 22.


title: Vintage Crop

paragraphs: Vintage Crop (1 March 1987 – 14 July 2014) was a Thoroughbred racehorse. In 1993, he won the Melbourne Cup, becoming the first non-Australian bred/trained horse to do so.

paragraphs: Vintage Crop was bred in the United Kingdom but was trained in Ireland.

paragraphs: Vintage Crop was retired to the Irish National Stud in Kildare, County Kildare. He died on 14 July 2014, aged 27.


title: William Holman Hunt

paragraphs: William Holman Hunt OM (2 April 1827 – 7 September 1910) was an English painter, and one of the founders of the Pre-Raphaelite brotherhood.

paragraphs: Hunt formed the Pre-Raphaelite movement in 1848, after meeting the poet and artist Dante Gabriel Rossetti. With John Everett Millais, they sought to revitalise art. They favoured the detailed observation of the natural world, in a spirit of devotion to thetruth. This almost religious approach was influenced by the spiritual qualities of mediaeval art. It was in opposition to the rationalism of the Renaissance, as in Raphael.

paragraphs: Hunt's works were not successful at first, and were widely attacked in the art press. They were thought clumsy and ugly. All the same, his was noticed for the naturalistic scenes of modern rural and urban life, such as "The Hireling Shepherd" and "The Awakening Conscience". However, it was with his religious paintings that he became famous, initially "The Light of the World" (1851–1853), now in the chapel at Keble College, Oxford; a later version (1900) toured the world and now has its home in St Paul's Cathedral.

paragraphs: In the mid-1850s Hunt travelled to the Holy Land in search of material for more religious works, and to “use my powers to make more tangible Jesus Christ’s history and teaching”. there he painted "The Scapegoat", "The Finding of the Saviour in the Temple" and "The Shadow of Death", along with many landscapes of the region. Hunt also painted many works based on poems, such as "Isabella, or the Pot of Basil" and "The Lady of Shalott". He eventually built his own house in Jerusalem.

paragraphs: His auction record is £1,700,000, set at Sotheby's, London on 11 February 1994, for reduced-size version his 1873 work "The Shadow of Death".

paragraphs: His paintings were notable for their great attention to detail, vivid colour and elaborate symbolism. These features were influenced by the writings of John Ruskin and Thomas Carlyle, according to whom the world itself should be read as a system of visual signs. For Hunt it was the duty of the artist to reveal the correspondence between sign and fact. Out of all the members of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood Hunt remained most true to their ideals throughout his career. He was always keen to maximise the popular appeal and public visibility of his works.

paragraphs: He eventually had to give up painting because failing eyesight meant that he could not get the level of quality that he wanted. His last major works, "The Lady of Shalott" and a large version of "The Light of the World" were completed with the help of his assistant, Edward Robert Hughes.


title: Geoffroy's cat

paragraphs: Geoffroy's cat ("Leopardus geoffroyi") is a wild cat native to southern and central South America. It is about the size of a domestic cat. The species is relatively common in many areas, but is considered to be "near threatened" by IUCN.

paragraphs: The cat was examined and described by the early 19th century French anatomist Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire. He collected it on an expedition to South America.

paragraphs: Geoffroy's cats live in the Andes, Pampas (scrubby forest parts), and Gran Chaco landscape. They are found from southern Bolivia to the Straits of Magellan, at heights from sea level to . They prefer open woodland or scrubland habitats with plenty of cover, but are also found in grasslands and marshy areas. Although they are able to climb trees, they rarely do so, except to leave faeces to scent mark their territory.

paragraphs: Geoffroy's cat is nocturnal. It eats rodents, hares, small lizards, insects, and occasionally frogs and fish. Like other small cats, it is a solitary hunter, and only comes together during the mating season. Females have territories ranging from , while males have larger ranges, reaching up to .


title: Nicky Morgan

paragraphs: Nicola Ann Morgan (born 1 October 1972) is a British politician. She has been the Secretary of State for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport since 2019.

paragraphs: Morgan was born in Kingston upon Thames and grew up in Surbiton. She studied law at St Hugh's College, Oxford. She became a solicitor in 1996. Morgan is a member of the Conservative Party. She was the Secretary of State for Education and Minister for women from 2014-2016. She was removed from her job by the new Prime Minister Theresa May. She was removed from these positions on 14 July 2016.


title: Alexandrine parakeet

paragraphs: The Alexandrine parakeet, "Psittacula eupatria", lives in Asia: Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Burma, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam.

paragraphs: There are small colonies in some parts of Europe: Wiesbaden, Mainz and Cologne.

paragraphs: This parrat are also in india nipal and some centuries of Pakistan...

paragraphs: This parrot is family of indian ring neck and kashmiry pahari...


title: IOS 4

paragraphs: iOS 4 is the fourth version of the mobile software iOS, made by Apple Inc.. It was released on June 21, 2010. It was the first big change that was only called iOS, instead of iPhone OS. Some devices could not use iOS 4. This was also the first change that iPod Touch owners could have for free.

paragraphs: The iPhone 3G and iPod Touch 2 cannot use many apps at the same time. They also cannot set a home screen wallpaper. The iPhone 4, iPhone 3GS, and iPod Touch 3 & 4 have them. The first iPhone and the first iPod Touch cannot run iOS 4 or newer.

paragraphs: iOS 4.2.1 was released on November 22, 2010. It added iPad support. It was the last to allow iPhone 3G and iPod Touch 2nd generation usage.

paragraphs: iOS 4.0 only supported the iPhone and iPod Touch. iOS 4.0 was said to have more than 1500 new APIs for app creators. It also supported the multitasking feature for the first time. The final iOS version for the 2nd generation iPod Touch, and iPhone 3G is iOS 4.2.1. iOS 4.2.1 was the first version to make iPhones and iPads use the same operating system.

paragraphs: iOS 4.1 was the first version of iOS for the Apple TV 2. It also had Apple TV Software 4.0.


title: Virginia Halas McCaskey

paragraphs: Virginia Halas McCaskey (born January 5, 1923) is the principal owner of the Chicago Bears of the National Football League. She is the eldest child of legendary Bears coach and owner George Halas, who left the team to his daughter upon his death in 1983.

paragraphs: Along with her children and grandchildren, she controls 80% of the team. After the death of Ralph Wilson in March of 2014, she became the oldest owner in the NFL.


title: Mrs. Parkington

paragraphs: Mrs. Parkington is a 1944 American drama movie. It stars Greer Garson and Walter Pidgeon. It is about a woman's life, from being a hotel maid to being a society matron. The story is told in flashbacks.

paragraphs: This movie was released in the United States on October 12, 1944.


title: Roberto Martínez

paragraphs: Roberto Martínez Montoliú (born 13 July 1973) is a Spanish football manager and former footballer. He is the current manager of Everton.


title: C.F. Balaguer

paragraphs: Club de Futbol Balaguer is a from Balaguer, Catalonia. It currently plays in . Their stadium is "Municipal de Balaguer", with a capacity of 2,000 seats.


title: Balaguer

paragraphs: Balaguer (, ) is the capital of the Noguera comarca. It is located in the Province of Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.


title: Club América

paragraphs: Club de Fútbol América S.A. de C.V., commonly known as Club América or América, is a Mexican professional football club from Mexico City. It competes in the Liga MX. The team's nickname is "Las Águilas" (The Eagles).

paragraphs: América is the most successful club in Mexico. They won a record twelve national titles. América also have eight FIFA recognized international club trophies. They have won five CONCACAF Champions' Cups, two Copa Interamericana cups, and one CONCACAF Giants Cup.


title: Cruz Azul

paragraphs: Cruz Azul Fútbol Club, A.C., known simply as Cruz Azul (, "Blue Cross"), is a football club from Mexico City, Mexico. It was originally from , Hidalgo.

paragraphs: Cruz Azul is the most successful club in CONCACAF Champions League, with six titles. They are also the third most popular team in Mexico (after Guadalajara and Club América).

paragraphs: Currently this team plays in Estadio Azul in Mexico City.


title: C.D. Guadalajara

paragraphs: Club Deportivo Guadalajara is a Mexican professional football club from Guadalajara, Jalisco. Guadalajara plays in the Liga MX. They won 12 First Division titles, 7 Campeón de Campeones, 1 InterLiga, 1 Copa Challenger, 4 Copa Oros de Occidente, and 2 Copa México.


title: Mike Sandlock

paragraphs: Michael Joseph Sandlock (October 17, 1915 – April 4, 2016) was a former utility player in Major League Baseball who played for three different teams from 1942 to 1953. Listed at , 180 lb., he was a switch-hitter and threw right-handed.

paragraphs: He was born in Old Greenwich, Connecticut. With the death of Connie Marrero on April 23, 2014, Sandlock was the oldest living former major league player until his death in 2016. Sandlock died at his home on April 4, 2016 in Cos Cob, Connecticut. He was 100 years old.


title: Oribe Peralta

paragraphs: Oribe Peralta Morones (born 12 January 1984) is a Mexican footballer. He currently plays as a striker for América of the Liga MX and the Mexico national team.

paragraphs: Peralta started his career with Monarcas Morelia in 2003. He then made moves to León and Monterrey in 2004 and 2006. Peralta was then sold to Santos Laguna, then loaned out to Chiapas in 2008. After his return from loan, Peralta was a mainstay with Santos Laguna for the next five years. There, he played in over 200 matches and scored over 70 goals. In May 2014 Peralta made a high profile move to Club América.

paragraphs: Peralta has also been a Mexico international. He scored two goals in the gold medal match at the 2012 Olympic football tournament against Brazil. It was the first Olympic gold medal for Mexico in football.

paragraphs: He is married to Mónica Quintana. They have two children, Romina and Diego.


title: Cuban Americans

paragraphs: The term Cuban American refers to any Americans whose ancestors came from Cuba. Cuban Americans are the third largest Hispanic group in the United States. South Florida, the Tampa Bay area, Atlanta and certain parts of the New York metropolitan area have large Cuban communities. California, New Jersey, New York, Texas and Florida have many Cuban people.


title: Lennie Merullo

paragraphs: Leonard Richard Merullo (May 5, 1917 – May 30, 2015) was an American professional baseball player. He played shortstop in the Major Leagues from 1941–47. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts.


title: Johnny Pesky

paragraphs: John Michael "Johnny" Pesky (born John Michael Paveskovich; February 27, 1919 – August 13, 2012), nicknamed "The Needle" and "Mr. Red Sox", was an American professional baseball player, manager and coach. He was a shortstop and third baseman during a ten-year major league playing career, appearing in 1,270 games played in 1942 and from 1946 to 1954 for three different teams.


title: Bobby Doerr

paragraphs: Robert Pershing "Bobby" Doerr (April 7, 1918 – November 13, 2017) was a former Major League Baseball second baseman and coach. He played his entire 14-year baseball career for the Boston Red Sox (1937–1951).

paragraphs: Doerr achieved a batting average over .300 in several seasons. He set Red Sox team records in several statistical categories. He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1986.

paragraphs: Doerr died at his home in Junction City, Oregon on November 13, 2017 of natural causes at the age of 99, five months short of his 100th birthday..


title: David Halberstam

paragraphs: David Halberstam (April 10, 1934 – April 23, 2007) was an American journalist and historian of Jewish descent. He was known for his early work on the Vietnam War, his work on politics, history, the Civil Rights Movement, business, media, American culture, and his later sports journalism. He won a Pulitzer Prize for journalism in 1964.