title: Pete Seeger

paragraphs: Pete Seeger (Peter Seeger; May 3, 1919 – January 27, 2014) was an American folk musician and songwriter. He was a longtime friend of Woody Guthrie, and founder of The Almanac Singers and The Weavers, two famous folk bands. Seeger's usual musical instrument is a banjo.

paragraphs: Seeger was born Peter Seeger on May 3, 1919 in Manhattan, New York City. His parents were Protestants. His parents enrolled him at Avon Old Farms Boarding School in Avon, Connecticut. Seeger studied for a short while at Harvard University. He soon dropped out. In 1943, Seeger married his wife Toshi Aline.

paragraphs: He organized or played at many benefit concerts, to help people who had been hurt by bad business practices or governmental policies, or sometimes by disasters. He also wrote songs to promote the things he believed in, and to protest things he opposed.

paragraphs: Seeger was a leftist, not afraid to speak his views openly, or to support unpopular causes such as Communism. Seeger's musical career was sometimes limited by his views. The American Federal Bureau of Investigation kept a on Seeger, and the House Un-American Activities Committee put pressure on him, because of his beliefs. He refused to change his views, or to stop doing what he believed was right. Because of this, Seeger was in many places, and could not play music there. He was also not allowed to appear on television for most of the 1950s and 1960s.

paragraphs: One rare appearance, on the "Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour", was because the song he played, "Waist Deep In The Big Muddy", was an allegory against the Vietnam War, which most Americans supported at the time.

paragraphs: Seeger's original songs include "Where Have All The Flowers Gone?", "The Hammer Song" (also called "If I Had A Hammer"), and "Turn, Turn, Turn", whose words were adapted from Ecclesiastes in the Bible. Other musicians played and recorded his songs, including Judy Collins, Peter, Paul and Mary, and The Byrds. Seeger started "Broadside", a magazine devoted to folk music, and also "Sing Out!" to promote music and singing by the public.

paragraphs: As years went by, social trends changed in America, and Seeger's views became more acceptable. He was finally able to make television appearances, and was admired for his to folk music, and to causes. He played music together with Arlo Guthrie, the son of Woody Guthrie, performing Woody's old songs and others. He received awards for his music, including the American National Medal for the Arts, and a Kennedy Center Honor. He was also inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame, and even the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, as an influence to rock musicians.

paragraphs: Seeger and Toshi had four children. He was an active as a musician and as a for important matters, like the environment, , and people who need a to support them. His wife Toshi Seeger died on July 9, 2013. Seeger lived in New York City.

paragraphs: Seeger died in New York City on January 27, 2014, of natural causes, aged 94. His remains were cremated.


title: Strawberry Fields Forever

paragraphs: "Strawberry Fields Forever" is a song composed by John Lennon, recorded by his band The Beatles in 1966 at Abbey Road Studios, and issued by Parlophone Records and Capitol Records in February 1967, as the to "Penny Lane".

paragraphs: Lennon began work on "Strawberry Fields Forever" while he was in Almería, Spain, during the time he was appearing in a Dick Lester comedy movie, "How I Won the War", which starred Michael Crawford. The lyrics drew on Lennon's memories of Strawberry Field, a Salvation Army home in Liverpool, England, where Lennon went as a boy to with neighborhood friends. "We "always" had fun at Strawberry Fields", he later told Playboy Magazine. They also drew on his feelings of and being different. "No one I think is in my tree, I mean it must be high or low" he explained as not being able to find other people who looked at life the way he did.

paragraphs: Lennon's first demo of "Strawberry Fields Forever" was made with a simple tape recorder, by Lennon himself. He explored different of instruments, with the Beatles and George Martin in the recording studio, as they began for "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band".

paragraphs: One recorded version of the song used a slide guitar. Another used a Mellotron, and was considered a finished work. Lennon wanted to try another arrangement, though, and asked Martin to compose a score for brass instruments, for another session. This was also considered finished.

paragraphs: Lennon could not decide which of the two finished versions of the song was best. He liked how the first one began, but preferred the ending of the second, and asked George Martin if they could be edited together. Martin did not see an easy way to do that, because the key and tempo of each version was different.

paragraphs: It turned out that studio technology made it possible to join the two versions in an effective way. The first version was speeded up on tape, raising its pitch and tempo, and the second slowed down, lowering its pitch and tempo. With edits between verses, Martin changed from one version to the other. Most listeners never noticed the change, or knew about the edit.

paragraphs: To go with the recording, the Beatles filmed a "promo"; an early kind of music video, in January 1967. The band had begun to grow mustaches, and Lennon began to wear eyeglasses in public, which he rarely did before. The changes made the Beatles look very different from how the public saw them earlier. The kind of glasses Lennon wore (sometimes called ""), were issued in England by the and the military, and he wore them making "How I Won the War". Lennon disliked the style as a boy, but now made it a by it.

paragraphs: The Beatles planned to issue "Strawberry Fields Forever" and "Penny Lane" as part of their next album, but EMI asked for a single at the beginning of 1967. The two songs were issued as a single, with "Penny Lane" as the A-side. While "Penny Lane" only reached Number Two in the British record sales chart, it reached Number One in the United States chart. (It was displaced after one week at Number One, by The Turtles, with "Happy Together".) "Strawberry Fields Forever" charted at Number Eight in the US.

paragraphs: In the years after Lennon's death, his cowriter and fellow Beatle Paul McCartney sometimes performed "Strawberry Fields Forever" during concerts. A section of Central Park in New York City, where Lennon lived after the Beatles disbanded, was named "Strawberry Fields" in Lennon's honour.


title: Lucy (Australopithecus)

paragraphs: Lucy is the common name of AL 288-1. This is a fossil discovery of about 40% of the skeleton of a female "Australopithecus afarensis". There are several hundred pieces of bone. The discovery was made in 1974 at Hadar in the Awash Valley of Ethiopia's Afar Depression.

paragraphs: This discovery gave us much scientific evidence. Lucy lived about 3.2 million years ago, and is a hominid.

paragraphs: The skeleton shows that Lucy had a small skull capacity, like an ape, but also that she walked upright like a human. This supported the view that bipedalism came before the increase in brain size in human evolution. Those features are true of all australopithecines.


title: Tom Smothers

paragraphs: Tom Smothers (born Thomas Bolyn Smothers III on February 2, 1937) is an American comedian, composer and musician, best known as half of the musical comedy team The Smothers Brothers, alongside his younger brother Dick.

paragraphs: Smothers was born on February 2, 1937 in New York City, New York. He studied at Redondo Union High School and at San José State University. He was married two times. His current marriage is to Marcy Carriker. He has two children with Carriker and one from his last marriage. He now lives in Sonoma County, California.


title: Dick Smothers

paragraphs: Richard Remick "Dick" Smothers (born November 20, 1939) is an American actor, comedian, composer and musician. He is best known for being half of the musical comedy team the Smothers Brothers, with his older brother Tom.

paragraphs: Smothers was born on November 20, 1939 in New York City, New York. He studied at Verdugo Hills High School, later at the Redondo Union High, and at the San José State University.

paragraphs: He was married to Linda Smothers from 1960 until they divorced in 1969. Then he was married to Lorraine Martin from 1986 until they divorced a few months later. Then he was married to Denby Franklin from 1997 until they divorced in 2006. He had six children. He now lives in Sarasota, Florida.


title: Italian Mare Nostrum

paragraphs: Italian Mare Nostrum was the name given during World War II, by Benito Mussolini and his fascist propaganda to the Mediterranean Sea, when was under the control of the Kingdom of Italy.

paragraphs: The Mediterranean was called "Mare Nostrum" (Latin for "Our Sea") during the centuries of the Roman Empire, an empire that Fascism intended to recreate after the conquest of Ethiopia in 1936.

paragraphs: Mussolini wanted to re-establish the greatness of the Roman Empire and believed that Italy was the most powerful of the Mediterranean countries after World War I. He declared that "the twentieth century will be a century of Italian power" and created one of the most powerful navies of the world in order to control the Mediterranean Sea.

paragraphs: However, the nation that really dominated the Mediterranean in 1940 was the United Kingdom, as the British had strong naval bases in Gibraltar, Malta and Cyprus. The British also controlled the Suez Canal, along with the French; the "French Third Republic" had a relatively powerful navy, and controlled the African Maghreb. Only after the conquest of Greece and Yugoslavia, in April 1941, Mussolini started to talk about an Italian dominated Mediterranean sea.

paragraphs: In 1942 Mussolini dreamed to create a "Greater Italia" in his "Mare Nostrum" and promoted the fascist project -to be realized in a future peace conference after the expected Axis victory- of an enlarged "Italian Empire", stretching from the Mediterranean shores of Egypt to the Indian Ocean shores of Somalia and eastern Kenya. All these projects disappeared with the final Italian defeat of September 1943.

paragraphs: Italy controlled (directly or indirectly) the seashores of these Mediterranean countries, when Mussolini spoke and boasted of an "Italian Mare Nostrum" in 1941/1942/1943:

paragraphs: When France collapsed in 1940, Mussolini started to expand the Italian maritime control on the central Mediterranean, attacking British possessions. The ensuing "Battle of the Mediterranean" had many changes of fortune and finished with the victory of the Allies.

paragraphs: There were a series of surface actions (e.g., Battle of Cape Matapan, Battle of Punta Stilo, Battle of Cape Teulada, Second Battle of Sirte, Battle of Mid-June, Battle of Mid-August ) between Allied navies and the Italian Regia Marina, during which the British, able to replace losses with warships redeployed from other theatres, finally gained the upper hand.

paragraphs: The "Battle of Taranto" in 1940 was a successful air attack on the Italian Navy at anchor when 21 British torpedo bombers sunk one battleship and damaged two others.The Italian Navy slowly recovered from that attack, later copied by the Japanese in Pearl Harbour.

paragraphs: The Italian Navy's most successful attack, however, was when human torpedo divers planted mines on British battleships in Alexandria (Egypt) harbour (19 December 1941), and the HMS "Queen Elizabeth" and HMS "Valiant" were sunk . After these sinkings (and the contemporary destruction of the British "Force K"), the Italian Navy obtained for some months the nearly complete control of the central Mediterranean. In this way the Regia Marina was able to deliver the military supply and oil for the "Axis" victory of Tobruk and for the advance toward El Alamein in Egypt.

paragraphs: The Italian Regia Aeronautica entered the war with 3296 airplanes (1332 Bombers and 1160 "Caccia", as were called the Fighters in Italian) distributed in all the "Italian Empire", but only 1796 were in perfect fighting conditions. Most were old "wood" models, and could not match the British aircraft in 1940.

paragraphs: But in April 1941, when Italy started together with the Germans the coordinated "Axis" attack in the Mediterranean (in the Balkans and in Libya), the Italian Air Force had the new and competitive "Macchi C.202", able to fight successfully the British Spitfires. These airplanes (with the new "Reggiane Re.2002") took control of the Malta and Libyan airspace (together with the German military aircraft) during the successful campaign of General Rommel in Tobruk.

paragraphs: Only at the beginning of 1943 appeared the modern "Macchi C.205" and "Reggiane Re.2005", but they could not match the overwhelming superiority of the American Air Force.

paragraphs: One of the most renown and important branches of the Regia Aeronautica was the "torpedo bomber" group. In 1941 and 1942, Italian pilots, mostly flying the three-engined, medium bomber "Savoia-Marchetti SM.79" "Sparviero" , inflicted considerable losses to Allied shipping in the Mediterranean Sea.

paragraphs: The only four engine heavy bomber of the Regia Aeronautica was the "Piaggio P.108" B. In the 274th Long-Range Bombardment group these bombers made many long range bombardments of Gibraltar from Sardinia in summer 1942 and reinforced in this way the Regia Aeronautica supremacy during those of months in the Italian Mare Nostrum.

paragraphs: The Italian Army ("Regio Esercito") entered the war with 73 divisions (and one fascist Legion of "Blackshirts"), but only 19 were fully operational for combat in June 1940. Italy during the first years of WWII had only small and medium tanks ("Fiat M13/40" and "Fiat M15/42"), that were no match for the Allies tanks. Only in summer 1943 the Italians developed a heavy tank (the "P40 tank") , but just 5 were ready for combat when Italy signed the armistice. The Italian Army had good antitanks (like the "Semovente 75/18") and reliable armoured cars (like the "AB 41") .

paragraphs: Slowly the initial Italian setbacks (suffered mainly in the African colonies) were corrected with German help and in spring 1941 the Italians started an offensive in the Balkans (Greece and Yugoslavia) and in North Africa (Libya).

paragraphs: In summer/autumn 1942 Italy controlled the European seashores of the Mediterranean from the Rhone river in occupied France to Mount Olympus in Aegean Greece. A similar situation happened in the African shores of the Mediterranean Sea, where Mussolini's control went from Tunisia to El Alamein in Egypt. This Italian domination was increased by the fact that most of the remaining shores of the Mediterranean were controlled by the fascist Spain of General Franco, the France of "Vichy" and the Turkey of Kemal Atatürk, all of them with friendliness toward Mussolini.

paragraphs: In those months Mussolini referred to the Mediterranean Sea as "Mare Nostrum", in the same manner as the Romans had done when they dominated the Classical World. However, the Roman Mare Nostrum lasted for roughly six hundred years, while Mussolini's Mare Nostrum lasted a few years until the Italian armistice in September 1943.

paragraphs: All the overseas possessions of Italy in the Mediterranean Sea (Dodecanese, Libya, Saseno island, etc.) were lost formally as a result of the Treaty of peace with Italy (1947).

paragraphs: When Italy entered World War II on 10 June 1940, the Italian Royal Navy ("Regia Marina") was the fourth largest navy in the world. The Italian Navy had a mix of modernised and new battleships and challenged the Allies, mostly the British Royal Navy, for supremacy of the Mediterranean Sea.

paragraphs: Air support was provided by the Italian Air Force Auxiliary to the Navy ("Aviazione Ausiliara per la Marina"), the naval air service during wartime. The Air Force Auxiliary was in charge of all land-based aircraft, shore-based hydroplanes amongst of vessel-based aircraft, and hydroplanes of Italian Navy.

paragraphs: Italian warships had a general reputation as well-designed and good-looking. But some Italian cruiser classes were rather deficient in armour. All Italian warships lacked radar for most of the war, although the lack of radar was partly offset by the fact that Italian warships had good "rangefinder" and "fire-control" systems. In addition, whereas Allied commanders at sea had discretion on how to act, Italian commanders were closely and precisely governed by Italian Naval Headquarters ("Supermarina"). This could lead to action being avoided when the Italians had a clear advantage (e.g., During "Operation Hats" . Italian Naval Headquarters was conscious that the British could replace ships lost in the Mediterranean, whereas Italian Navy resources were limited).

paragraphs: The Allies had "Ultra" intercepts, which predicted the Italian movements, and radar, which enabled them to locate the ships and range their weapons at distance and at night. The better air reconnaissance skills of the "Fleet Air Arm" and their close collaboration with surface units were other major causes of the initial Italian defeats (like in the "Battle of Cape Matapan").

paragraphs: The most successful attack performed by the Italian Navy involved divers planting mines on British battleships in Alexandria harbour (19 December 1941): HMS "Queen Elizabeth" and HMS "Valiant" were sunk in shallow water by the "maiali" of Luigi Durand De La Penne.

paragraphs: On the same night, "Force K", comprising three cruisers and four destroyers based at Malta, became stranded in an Italian minefield off Tripoli. A cruiser (HMS "Neptune") and a destroyer (HMS "Kandahar") were lost, three other ships were seriously damaged, and more than 900 men died. "Force K" was put out of action and Malta's offensive capabilities were reduced to a minimum.

paragraphs: This sudden series of Allied defeats allowed the Regia Marina to achieve naval supremacy in the central Mediterranean, her supply routes were almost untouched by the enemy for several months. This is the beginning of nearly one year in which the Mediterranean sea was effectively an "Italian Mare Nostrum".

paragraphs: The Italian fleet also took advantage of the situation and moved onto the offensive, blocking or decimating at least three large Allied convoys bound for Malta. This led to a number of naval engagements, such as the "Second Battle of Sirte", the "Battle of Mid-June" or Operation "Harpoon" (plus Operation "Vigorous") and finally to Operation "Pedestal", all of them favourable to the Axis but sufficient supplies had been delviered to Malta for it to survive as a British base. The biggest success of the Italian Fleet was the aerial and surface attack on the "Harpoon" convoy, which sank several Allied warships and damaged others. Only two transports of the original six reached Malta. This was the only undisputed squadron-size victory for Italian surface forces in World War II.

paragraphs: During these months the Regia Marina even planned an attack to New York harbour for December 1942, but it was delayed for many reasons and was never done .

paragraphs: However, this was only a brief happy time for Mussolini. The oil and supplies brought to Malta, despite heavy losses, by "Operation Pedestal" in August and the Allied landings in North Africa, "Operation Torch", in November 1942, turned the fortunes of war against Italy. After years of stalemate, the Axis forces were ejected from Libya and Tunisia in six months after the "Battle of El Alamein", while their supply lines were harassed day after day by the growing and overwhelming aerial and naval supremacy of the Allies in what has just been the Mussolini's "Italian Mare Nostrum".

paragraphs: The Regia Marina performed well and bravely in its North African convoy duties, but remained at a technical disadvantage. The Italian ships relied on a speed advantage, but could easily be damaged by shell or torpedo, due to their relatively thin armour. The fatal and final blow to the Italian Navy was a shortage of fuel, which forced her main units to remain at anchor for most of the last year of the Italian alliance with Germany .

paragraphs: From summer/fall 1941 to November 1942 the Mediterranean sea was effectively an "Italian Mare Nostrum", fully controlled by the Italians in the central area around the Italian peninsula and Tunisia/Libya. These were the main battles/events in those months:


title: ArenaBowl

paragraphs: The ArenaBowl is the Arena Football League's championship game.


title: New York Dragons

paragraphs: The New York Dragons are an Arena Football League team. They were started in 1995 as the Iowa Barnstormers. In 2001, the team moved to New York. They now play in the Eastern Division of the National Conference.


title: Amsterdam Admirals

paragraphs: The Amsterdam Admirals were a professional American football team in the NFL Europa. They are based in Amsterdam, Netherlands.


title: The Andy Griffith Show

paragraphs: The Andy Griffith Show is an American sitcom television series. The series won no awards, but it was very popular in its day. It was #1 in its final year on the air.

paragraphs: The series is about a sheriff in fictional Mayberry, North Carolina, a friendly, backward town with colorful characters. Andy is a widower with a young son named Opie. His paternal Aunt Bee, lives with them and maintains the home. Andy's friend/cousin (or cousin-in-law), Barney is his oddball deputy/ sidekick.

paragraphs: The show aired on CBS between October 3, 1960 and April 1, 1968. Griffith, Howard, and Bavier were introduced in an episode of "The Danny Thomas Show". The show transitioned to color with the sixth season. The broad, cornball comedy was toned-down and the show was allowed to touch on serious themes.

paragraphs: Don Knotts and Frances Bavier won a combined total of six Emmy Awards. Knotts left the show at the end of its fifth black and white season.

paragraphs: The series had two spin-off shows and one spin-off movie:


title: Happy Days

paragraphs: Happy Days is an American television sitcom. It was originally aired on ABC between January 15, 1974 and June 12, 1984. It stars Ron Howard, and has several spin-offs. It is set in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in the 1950s and 1960s.

paragraphs: The term "jumping the shark", meaning when a good show goes bad, usually because of one or more major mistakes or running out of ideas, originated in a two-part episode of "Happy Days". The episode was about The Fonz jumping a shark. This is thought to be the moment where the show started going downhill.


title: Archie Bunker's Place

paragraphs: Archie Bunker's Place is an American TV sitcom made by Norman Lear. It aired on CBS from September 23, 1979, and ended on April 4, 1983. It is a spin-off of "All in the Family".

paragraphs: This is a spin-off of "All in the Family", but it's kind of a sequel, too. It's after "All in the Family", and is about Archie Bunker (the star of this and the first show) and the bar he opens. Other characters are Edith Bunker (Archie's wife) and Stephanie Mills (daughter of Edith's brother-in-law that they are taking care of).


title: Live Free or Die Hard

paragraphs: Live Free or Die Hard (called Die Hard 4.0 outside of North America and also known as Die Hard 4) is a 2007 American action movie starring Bruce Willis and Justin Long. It is the fourth film in the "Die Hard" series

paragraphs: The movie starts with John McClane trying to talk to his daughter Lucy. He pulls her boyfriend out of the car. An angry Lucy goes up to her apartment. Afterwards, the police call McClane and ask him to pick up a kid named Matt Farrell. However, when McClane goes down there, mercenaries attack the two. McClane manages to fight them off and gets Farrell into the car.

paragraphs: Day breaks in Washington, D.C. The villain, Thomas Gabriel, launches his plan. He takes control over all of the things that help run the country, like traffic lights and transportation systems. He shuts down the FBI building and calls in an anthrax alert. He makes the lights go green and red very fast so that cars crash into each other. McClane and Farrell get out and walk to the FBI trailer outside. Farrell realizes that this is a "fire sale" – where everything being taken over by these hackers and it is called a fire sale because "everything must go."

paragraphs: McClane and Farrell then head to Middleton, Virginia, because some systems, like electricity, cannot be taken fully over with computers. However, Mai (Gabriel's girlfriend) is already at the plant and has taken over it. McClane attacks her and throws her to the ground and tells Farrell to put the system back up. Mai gets up and kicks him out of the building. McClane uses a car and rams her and they fight inside an elevator shaft. It ends when the car falls with Mai inside.

paragraphs: Farrell and McClane send a picture of Gabriel to the FBI, where they say that Gabriel was hired by them. Gabriel wanted tighter security, but they said no and fired him. Gabriel contacts the Middleton plant to ask what happened. He gets very angry when McClane tells him that Mai is dead and tells his hackers to send all the natural gas they can to the Middleton plant. He also finds Lucy and kidnaps her. The plant blows up and knocks all the power out in the nearby area.

paragraphs: McClane and Farrell take a helicopter to Baltimore, Maryland to meet another computer hacker who calls himself The Warlock. He finds out where Gabriel is – at the Social Security Administration building in Woodlawn. Before the government fired him, Gabriel had made a system; when there was a computer attack, all financial data would be downloaded into the computers there. One of Gabriel's men went down there and starts downloading the data early on in the movie.

paragraphs: Both McClane and Farrell head down there. Gabriel takes Farrell and escapes with the data before McClane can reach him. McClane gets into the truck behind Gabriel's car. Gabriel calls in a jet fighter to attack McClane. During the fight, the highway is destroyed, but McClane manages to jump off and slide to safety, while the pilot ejects from the plane.

paragraphs: He then fights Gabriel inside a warehouse. McClane is shot and he loses his gun. Gabriel puts him in an arm lock and orders his man to shoot Lucy. McClane presses the gun into his shoulder and fires, injuring himself, but killing Gabriel. Farrell wildly fires his gun to kill the man that is holding Lucy. The movie ends with the FBI swarming the area and taking Farrell and McClane to the hospital.


title: Texas Tech University

paragraphs: Texas Tech University is a public university in Lubbock, Texas. It started in 1923 and now has about 30,000 students.

paragraphs: Texas Tech's athletics teams are called the Red Raiders, except for the women's basketball team, which is called the Lady Raiders. Texas Tech has 15 varsity teams and they compete in the Big 12 Conference.


title: Die Hard with a Vengeance

paragraphs: Die Hard with a Vengeance is a 1995 American action movie starring Bruce Willis and Samuel L. Jackson. It is the third movie in the "Die Hard" series.

paragraphs: Simon Gruber is the older brother of the villain from the first movie, Hans Gruber. Simon destroys a building in New York City. He says that he will destroy another one unless the police do what he tells them to do. His first task is to have John McClane to go Harlem and stand around for 15 minutes with a sign that says "I hate niggers" with his gun taped to his back so that he cannot reach it. A group of black men attack McClane. A shopkeeper named Zeus Carver saves McClane by grabbing the gun and getting into a taxicab.

paragraphs: The next task that Gruber has them do is to reach a pay phone. He then gives them a riddle and has them call back within 30 seconds to the right phone number (the answer to the riddle is the last four digits) or else the trash can full of explosives will be detonated. They call back with the right phone number but it is past 30 seconds. Carver and McClane duck out of the way as Gruber laughs.

paragraphs: The third task that Gruber sets for them is to reach the Wall Street subway station by 10:20 a.m. or else the station will be blown up. McClane and Carver steal a taxicab and cut through the park to reach the station in time. McClane stops at an earlier station and gets on the train. He then searches the train for the bomb and finds it. He throws it out of the cab car. Carver gets to the Wall Street station and picks up the phone, but because McClane is not there, Gruber says they did not follow his rules. The train rolls over the detonator and sets it off. The bomb explodes and destroys a large part of the station. McClane is injured but is alive.

paragraphs: The FBI come in and tell him that the man's name is Simon Gruber and that he is Hans' brother. Simon calls in again and tells him that he has placed a bomb inside one of the schools in New York City. Any attempt to get the children out will result in the bomb being blown up. He tells McClane and Carver to head to a park. The entire police force goes out and starts to search every school to find the bomb.

paragraphs: With the police gone, Simon Gruber and a bunch of dump trucks come in. They kill the security guards and begin to steal the gold from the vault in the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. McClane and Carver arrive at the park and find another bomb. They use a five-gallon and three-gallon jug to make four gallons and put it on the weight to disable it. McClane catches a kid stealing something; the kid says that there's not a cop for miles around. McClane then goes to the Federal Reserve building and walks in. As Gruber's men escort him down, he asks them about lotto numbers and realizes that they are not the real cops and kills them.

paragraphs: McClane then drives a car out to intercept Gruber and his men. He has Carver go out to Yankee Stadium since that's what Gruber originally told them to do. Gruber drives into a aqueduct. McClane follows them in, but they flood it, causing a ton of water to rush out. McClane grabs a ladder and is sent flying into the air. Meanwhile, Carver went to Yankee Stadium and did not find anybody. Two of Gruber's men with sniper rifles are there to kill him, but decide to follow Carver instead since McClane is not with him. Carver is driving on a highway and sees McClane as he is thrown into the air. A car chase and gunfight take place as Gruber's men show up to try to kill them.

paragraphs: McClane and Carver find Gruber loading the gold onto a cargo boat in New York Harbor. After getting in, a few battles take place and Carver and McClane are captured by Gruber's men. They are then tied up and Gruber sets the fuse to blow the boat up. Before leaving, Gruber tosses McClane a bottle of aspirin. Gruber claims he is blowing up $100 billion of gold bullion but there is nothing inside; he is trying to make the value of gold higher by "destroying" the supply. McClane and Carver work their way out of the cuffs and jump to safety as the ship blows up.

paragraphs: They are rescued by the police. On the ship, McClane takes a quarter to call his wife. As he is being connected, he takes an aspirin, looks at the bottom, and realizes that Gruber is heading to Canada. They intercept him and fly a helicopter over his ship. In the ensuring fight, Gruber gets in his own helicopter and shoots and hits their helicopter, forcing them to land. McClane starts running to make Gruber shoot at him. He notices a bunch of power lines and shoots them. The lines fall on Gruber's helicopter and kill him.


title: Die Hard 2

paragraphs: Die Hard 2 (also called Die Hard 2: Die Harder) is an American action thriller movie starring Bruce Willis, Bonnie Bedelia, and William Sadler. It was released on the Fourth of July weekend in 1990. It is the second movie in the "Die Hard" series.

paragraphs: This movie begins on Christmas Eve 1990. John McClane is at the Washington Dulles International Airport, waiting for his wife Holly's plane to land, and his car gets towed away. He argues with the airport security for a little bit before going inside. There, he sees a couple of men handing off a package to each other and does not like it. He goes to tell the airport police, but stops because the same man who towed his car is there. Instead, McClane enters the baggage area, where one of the men pulls a Glock gun and starts firing. During the gun fight, one man, named Oswald Cochrane, is killed when he goes through a baggage sorting machine. The other man manages to escape.

paragraphs: McClane tells the chief head of police, a man named Carmine Lorenzo, but Lorenzo thinks that these men are only "punks stealing luggage." McClane goes out there and gets fingerprints from the dead man. He faxes them to his friend Al Powell in Los Angeles, telling Powell to run the fingerprints through police records to find out who this person is. Powell does so and then gives McClane the man's record. The record says that Cochrane died two years ago in 1988 but is somehow still alive today. McClane believes he is a professional mercenary.

paragraphs: McClane goes to up to the airport tower and tells them that someone is about to "fuck with the airport." He says that he does not know what they will do. Lorenzo forces him out.

paragraphs: A man named Colonel Stuart then puts his plan into action. He cuts off all electronics inside the airport tower and takes control of all their items – the instrument that lands the planes and all radios. He then says that, in a couple of hours, a cargo plane will be landing. The plane has a man named Ramon Esperanza. Esperanza is the drug lord of the fictional country of Val Verde. The United States Justice Department is going to put him in jail. Stuart tells them that he wants a fully-fueled Boeing 747 to be put on the runway and says that nobody should touch the Esperanza's plane or try to restore the landing instruments.

paragraphs: McClane finds a janitor named Marvin. McClane has Marvin tell him where to go. Just before McClane was forced out, he heard that the air traffic controllers wanted to head to the Annex Skywalk, a new branch of the airport, to restore their systems. Lorenzo sends his SWAT team and the communications director, Leslie Barnes, to head to the Skywalk. As McClane expected, Stuart's men attack the SWAT team. They kill all five members and are about to kill Barnes when McClane comes through a vent shaft and kills them all.

paragraphs: Moments later, the antenna outpost explodes. It was a trap. Stuart then calls in to tell them that it was stupid to try to restore their systems. He then picks a flight that is low on fuel. He resets the ground level of the landing system to be 200 feet below, so that when the plane is at 200 feet they think they are at 400 feet. He then crashes the plane into the ground, killing all of the passengers on board.

paragraphs: Afterwards, a Special Forces unit from the United States Army comes in, led by Major Grant. They take a meeting in the pilot's briefing room. McClane gets Marvin to try to tell him where the room is. During the search, McClane finds a two-way radio that one of Stuart's men dropped. He listens in and finds out that Esperanza has taken over the plane and shot the two pilots. The plane is out of control and he needs to land right away. Stuart tells him to land on the nearest runway.

paragraphs: McClane gets out there first and punches him before Stuart's men show up. They trap him in the cockpit and throw grenades. McClane escapes by strapping up in the pilot's ejection seat and blasting off as the grenades explode.

paragraphs: Barnes listens to McClane's story. Because Stuart's men showed up so fast, Barnes thinks that they must be close by. They find the church where they are basing their operations and send in the Army Special Forces out there to fight. During the gun battle, McClane sees that Stuart's men are escaping on snowmobiles. He shoots one guy with a gun that he stole, takes his mobile, and chases after them. However his gun does not work and his mobile gets shot and he falls down. He opens his gun and finds that there were rubber bullets in there. He realizes that Stuart and the special forces are working together.

paragraphs: McClane comes back to the airport. He says that they are working together. Lorezno does not believe him until McClane fires the gun to show that they are rubber bullets. Meanwhile, the people at the airport are panicked. A reporter named Richard Thornberg has broadcast that terrorists have taken over the airport. As a result, Lorenzo and McClane cannot get out there fast enough.

paragraphs: Instead, McClane gets a ride with Samantha Coleman and her news helicopter. The 747 has already left the hanger. McClane gets the pilot to drop him over the wing of the 747. Esperanza, who is flying the plane, sees McClane. Grant goes out there fights but is sucked into the engine of the plane. McClane finds the fuel hatch. When Stuart kicks McClane off the plane, McClane manages to open it and the plane starts losing fuel. McClane then takes his cigarette lighter and ignites the fuel and the plane blows up.

paragraphs: The fire trail of the plane allows the planes flying overhead to see the ground. Holly lands safely and the two of them come back together. The movie ends with Marvin driving them off.


title: Die Hard

paragraphs: Die Hard is a 1988 American action thriller movie starring Bruce Willis. It is the first movie in a series, and was followed by four sequels "Die Hard 2" (1990), "Die Hard with a Vengeance" (1995), "Live Free or Die Hard" (2007), and "A Good Day to Die Hard" (2013).

paragraphs: The movie is set on Christmas Eve at the Nakatomi building in Los Angeles, California. NYPD officer John McClane (Bruce Willis) is flying in from New York to meet his wife Holly during the Nakatomi’s annual Christmas party. While there, they get into an argument over Holly's choice to use her maiden name instead of her married name. Shortly afterwards, a group of German terrorists led by Hans Gruber (Alan Rickman) invade the building and take all the people hostages. They want the bearer bonds in the building ' s vault and ask the CEO, Joseph Takgai, for the access code to the first barrier. When he says no, Gruber shoots and kills him.

paragraphs: McClane witnesses Gruber killing Takagi and tries to get help. He pulls a fire alarm, but the terrorists find out and reverse the alarm. Gruber then sends a man named Tony to find whoever pulled the alarm. In the ensuring battle, McClane snaps Tony's neck and takes his machine gun. He then puts the dead man in an elevator and pushes buttons so that it stops on the floor where the partygoers are being held. Upon finding Tony, Gruber sends more men to find him. After killing two more of Gruber's men, McClane finds and takes some detonators.

paragraphs: On the rooftop, McClane radios for help. The dispatchers send a patrol car in. Just as the police officer is about to leave, McClane drops the body of a dead terrorist on his patrol car. The LAPD arrive. They send in a tank and four SWAT team members, but Gruber's men beat back both attacks. When Gruber ignores McClane's request to stop attacking, McClane takes some C4 explosives and blows up part of the building.

paragraphs: Holly's co-worker Harry then tries to talk to the terrorists. He tries to get McClane to give up the detonators, but when he refuses, Gruber shoots and kills Harry. Shortly afterwards, McClane finds Gruber, who was trying to check the explosives. Gruber fakes an American accent, throwing McClane off. As they talk, Gruber's men show up and shoot out the glass. McClane injures his feet severely as he tries to walk across the floor and loses the detonators in the process.

paragraphs: The FBI arrives and orders the building's power to be cut. Gruber informs the FBI that he wants two helicopters and he will escort the hostages to the top of the building. The power outage opens up the final locks on the building's vault, where Gruber scoops up the bonds. The FBI plans to send gunships to kill the terrorists, but Gruber had lined the top of the building with explosives and plans to blow it up to cover his escape.

paragraphs: A reporter named Richard Thornberg manages to interview McClane's children. Gruber, seeing this on TV, realizes that Holly is McClane's wife and takes her hostage. McClane finds the explosives and realizes what Gruber is up to. However, Gruber's man Karl finds him and they engage in a vicious hand-to-hand combat. McClane leaves Karl for dead and rushes up to the top of the building. He and forces the hostages to go back down into the building. The FBI fires at him. Gruber blows up the top of the building. McClane ties a fire hose around his waist and jumps off the building.

paragraphs: McClane finally meets Gruber one last time. He tricks him by throwing his gun down and then using another gun to shoot Gruber. Gruber falls out of the building, nearly taking Holly with him. McClane unties her watch and Gruber falls to his death. Afterwards, they go home in a limo.


title: Rayman Raving Rabbids

paragraphs: Rayman Raving Rabbids is a party video game made by Ubisoft for the Wii, PlayStation 2, Xbox 360, Microsoft Windows, Game Boy Advance, and Nintendo DS game consoles. It's a spin-off of the "Rayman" series where Rayman has to thwart the Rabbids, the bad guys of the game, playing mini-games to do this. The Game Boy Advance and DS versions are platform games like older "Rayman" titles with less mini-games.


title: Teleportation

paragraphs: Teleportation is the supposed movement of matter from one point to another without travelling across the physical space between them. This has been shown in science fiction movies to move objects and people quickly from one place to another. In the real world however, no one knows if and how such a teleportation could ever be performed. Therefore it remains a purely fictional idea to date.


Capcom


title: Mega Man Star Force 2

paragraphs: Mega Man Star Force 2, known in Japan as is an action role-playing video game made by Capcom for the Nintendo DS game console. There are two versions - "Zerker × Saurian" and "Zerker × Ninja". It is the sequel to "Mega Man Star Force", and will have a sequel in 2008.


title: Mega Man Star Force

paragraphs: Mega Man Star Force, known in Japan as , is an action role-playing video game made by Capcom for the Nintendo DS game console. It has three versions - "Pegasus", "Leo", and "Dragon". It has a sequel called "Mega Man Star Force 2".


title: Mega Man X: Command Mission

paragraphs: Mega Man X: Command Mission, known in Japan as , is a role-playing video game made by Capcom for the PlayStation 2 and GameCube game consoles. It is a spin-off of the "Mega Man X" series.


title: Mega Man X7

paragraphs: Mega Man X7, called in Japan, is a platform video game made by Capcom for the PlayStation 2 game console. It is the sequel to "Mega Man X6".


title: Mega Man X6

paragraphs: Mega Man X6, called in Japan, is a platform video game made by Capcom for the PlayStation game console. It is the sequel to "Mega Man X5".


title: Animal Crossing: City Folk

paragraphs: Animal Crossing: City Folk is a life simulation video game made by Nintendo for the Wii game console. It is the third game in the "Animal Crossing" series. It has online play, and supports an accessory called Wii Speak. In Europe this game is called Animal Crossing: Let's Go to the City.

paragraphs: The game takes place in a small village. The player can also work with other animal villagers by talking and playing with them. They can also visit a store owned by Tom Nook for food or clothes. One other thing the player can do is visit a museum to donate fishes, bugs, and fossils. The player may ride a bus to go to the city, which is a new feature to the New Animal Crossing Games. There, other activities will include shopping at a fashion clothing store called GracieGrace, a Theatre called the Marquee, which allows you to learn how to do new emotion faces, an office for the "Happy Room Academy" (a place that gives you tips on how to design the house that the player has in the game), a "black market" owned by a fox named Redd, a salon called Shampoodle, and a shop owned by Katrina, a fortune teller.

paragraphs: Tom Nook runs your village shop which gradually grows to make it into a supreme shop where he works with Timmy and Tommy and has a two story building. From Tom Nooks shop you can buy wallpaper, carpets, roof paint (to change your roof's colour), furniture, tools (such as fishing rods, nets, axes and spades), writing paper and seeds. Tom Nook will buy your unwanted stuff as well. Tom is also in charge of house expansions, making your house bigger.

paragraphs: This is where you can get local handmade clothes, umbrellas, hats, glasses and also design your own "Pro designs" Which is where your front, back and sleeves can all be different however you can no longer sell your old not wanted clothes you have to sell them to Tom Nook.

paragraphs: This is the shop where you can buy limited edition furniture, clothing, hats, glasses and umbrellas. Its in the city. Stuff in GracieGrace is more expensive than in Tom Nooks and in Able Sisters, but after all this stuff is limited edition.

paragraphs: This is a small black market where you can buy furniture and paintings once you have become a member. Its not recommended to shop there other than to buy paintings as the same Item in Tom Nooks will usually be cheaper than at Crazy Redds. Somebody else in your town must recommend you for you to become a member of Crazy Redds Shop. Crazy Redds black market can be found in the city.

paragraphs: Here you can get a new hair style or even a complete make over to turn you into a mii character saved on your Wii! Also in the city.

paragraphs: Here you Mil find llyoid who will happly put you stuff up for Auction if you want him to. your Nintendo Wi-Fi friends can then buy your stuff and you will get the cash that they payed for it. If it doesn't sell then you get your item sent back to you.

paragraphs: There are over 100 different characters that you can get as residents in your town. They will move in and then after a while move back out again to go to a different town.

paragraphs: "Animal Crossing: City Folk" won awards for being one of the best games of E3.


title: Pikmin (series)

paragraphs: "Pikmin" is set on a world that is supposed to be Earth, but Captain Olimar is very tiny, so it looks like a strange world to the player. The first level of "Pikmin" looks like Shigeru Miyamoto's backyard. Nintendo made it seem more like Earth by adding common items, like a globe of the Earth, a Duracell battery, and a Pepsi bottle cap.

paragraphs: Both games use real-time strategy gameplay. The player plays as Captain Olimar, who can command his Pikmin. Olimar gets Pikmin by bringing pellets, a type of food, and bad guys to an Onion, which is the Pikmin's ship. Pikmin will come out of the Onion and get planted in the ground so that Olimar can pull them out. Olimar can use Pikmin to take stuff back to his base, fight insects and other creatures, or travel across places.

paragraphs: "Pikmin" is the first game in the series and came out in 2001 on the Nintendo GameCube. Captain Olimar crashlands on an alien planet, and unites with a creature called Pikmin. He only has 30 days life support, and so he and the Pikmin try to find the pieces of his ship that broke off so he can escape.

paragraphs: "Pikmin 2" came out in 2004 for the Nintendo GameCube. It uses the same gameplay, but adds a new character called Louie, two new kinds of Pikmin, and a new type of area called Underground, where Olimar and Louie search for treasure in. It also added multiplayer, where one player can be Olimar and another can be Louie.

paragraphs: A new "Pikmin" game will come out in the future, but has no name or console yet. It was announced at Nintendo's developer roundtable at E3.

paragraphs: "Pikmin" has appeared in the "Super Smash Bros." series. In "Super Smash Bros. Melee", "Pikmin" has a couple of collectibles of Captain Olimar and the Pikmin. In "Super Smash Bros. Brawl", Captain Olimar is a playable character along with his Pikmin. Music, enemies, and an area are also taken from the series for stuff in "Brawl".


title: Metroid II: Return of Samus

paragraphs: Samus Aran goes to a planet called SR388 when the Galactic Federation told her to exterminate the Metroids that live on it. After exploring the underground areas of the planet and killing almost every Metroid, she fights and kills the Metroid Queen. Afterwards, a Baby Metroid hatches and thinks Samus is its mom. Samus takes the Baby Metroid with her when she leaves the planet.

paragraphs: The player sees very little of SR388's surface, and the game is almost entirely underground. The areas are dark with rocky platforms, and has a high amount of lava close to the surface.

paragraphs: "Metroid II" takes "Metroid"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s gameplay and adds new stuff. It uses the Beams, Morph Ball, Missiles, and special jumps, but adds new stuff as well. The game is very nonlinear and lets the player explore the world somewhat freely. Throughout the world, Samus finds enemies and new power-ups.


title: Metroid Prime

paragraphs: Metroid Prime is a first-person action-adventure video game made by Retro Studios and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo GameCube game console. It is the first 3D "Metroid" game, and it had a lot of controversy over it. It has had a lot of follow-up titles. It has had two sequels called "" and "", a side game called "Metroid Prime Hunters", and a spin-off called "Metroid Prime Pinball". It takes place after "Metroid", but before "".


title: Minnesota Timberwolves

paragraphs: The Minnesota Timberwolves are a basketball team in Minneapolis, Minnesota in the United States. They began playing in the National Basketball Association in 1989. They play their home games at the Target Center.

paragraphs: The Minnesota Timberwolves played their first game on November 3, 1989 in a 106–94 loss against the Seattle SuperSonics. After the Timberwolves drafted Kevin Garnett in the 1995 NBA draft, they were able to make the NBA playoffs for 8 seasons in a row. In 2004, the Timberwolves were able to win their first division title and advanced to the Western Conference Finals. The team was defeated 4 games to 2 by the Los Angeles Lakers.

paragraphs: On October 25, 2015, head coach Flip Saunders died after a battle with Hodgkin's lymphoma. Sam Mitchell is currently serving as an interim head coach.

paragraphs: The Minnesota Timberwolves went 14 years without going to the playoffs, but in 2018 the Timberwolves made the playoffs with a 8 seed and are heading up against the Houston Rockets with the Rockets up in a 3-1 lead.


title: Longsword

paragraphs: The longsword is a European sword. It was mainly used during the medieval and renaissance periods, about 1350 to 1550 AD. Early and late use is known in the 13th and 17th centuries.

paragraphs: The longsword has a long blade, but also a long grip, which means it is a weapon designed for two-handed use.


title: Resident Evil

paragraphs: Resident Evil is a survival horror media franchise which has had of video games, movies, comics, novels, and collectibles owned by Capcom. It's one of their most successful franchises ever, along with "Mega Man" and "Street Fighter".

paragraphs: "Resident Evil" started as a video game series back on the PlayStation with "Resident Evil". It had many sequels and appeared on many systems, including the Sega Saturn, Dreamcast, PlayStation 2, GameCube, Wii, Nintendo DS, PlayStation 3, and Xbox 360. The "Resident Evil" video games have done very well, with most of them selling more than 1 million copies worldwide. The series had five more sequels - "Resident Evil 2", "", "", "Resident Evil 0", and "Resident Evil 4". "Resident Evil 4" did very well, and was considered one of the best games of the year in 2005 on the Nintendo GameCube, and in 2006 on the PlayStation 2. Capcom's making a sequel called "Resident Evil 5". It's also had a lot of remakes and spin-offs. The most well-known remake was "Resident Evil", a remake of the first "Resident Evil", which has also been remade on other consoles including the Nintendo DS. The spin-offs include first person shooters and online games.

paragraphs: There have been six movies made - "Resident Evil", "", "", "", "" and "" which all star Milla Jovovich as a character not in the video games and are live action.

paragraphs: A movie to be shot in CGI, it is not a continuance of the first three live action movies. Instead "Resident Evil: DeGeneration" is its own story which follows the video game storylines. The movie takes place 7 years after Raccoon City is destroyed, the main characters in the movie are Claire Redfield and Leon S. Kennedy - the two main characters from the Resident Evil 2 video game.


title: Kofi Kingston

paragraphs: Kofi Sarkodie-Mensah (born 14 March 1981) is a Ghanaian-American professional wrestler. He is currently signed to World Wrestling Entertainment where he wrestles under the ring name Kofi Kingston. Kingston has won the wwe tag team championship on numerous occasions.


title: Red-necked wallaby

paragraphs: The red-necked wallaby ("Macropus rufogriseus") is a medium-sized macropod, common in parts of eastern Australia. As one of the largest wallabies, it looks like a kangaroo. Males can weigh more than 20 kg and have a head-body length of 90 cm.

paragraphs: Red-necked wallabies have a black nose and paws, white stripe on the upper lip, and a medium grey coat with a red color on their neck.

paragraphs: Red-necked wallabies are found along the coast and forests of eastern Australia, from Rockhampton, Queensland to the South Australian border; in Tasmania and on many of the Bass Strait islands (many of these may have been introduced to the islands).

paragraphs: In Tasmania, north-east New South Wales and coastal Queensland, their numbers have got bigger over the past 30 years. This is because they are no longer hunted. A lot of forest has been cleared for grass where wallabies can feed at night, alongside trees where they can shelter by day. It is less common in Victoria.

paragraphs: Like most macropods, the red-necked wallaby lives by itself. Groups, also called mobs, share feeding areas. They feed at night and in the late afternoon, generally eating grass and herbs close to forest shelter.

paragraphs: There are two subspecies. The Tasmanian form, "Macropus rufogriseus rufogriseus", also called Bennett's wallaby is smaller, has longer fur, and breeds in the late summer, mostly between February and April. They can live close to people and are seen feeding on lawns in the suburbs of Hobart and other towns.

paragraphs: The mainland form, "Macropus rufogriseus banksianus", breeds all year round. A female can have babies at the about 14 months old. A baby red-necked wallaby, called a joey, lives in the mothers pouch for 9 months, and continues to feed from the mother till about 12–15 months of age.


title: Kolo Touré

paragraphs: Kolo Touré (born 19 March 1981) is a Côte d'Ivoire football player. He plays for Celtic FC and Côte d'Ivoire national team.


title: Battle of Baghdad (1258)

paragraphs: The Battle of Baghdad in 1258 was a victory for the Mongol leader Hulagu Khan, a grandson of Genghis Khan. Baghdad was captured, sacked, and over time burned.

paragraphs: Baghdad was the capital of the Abbasid Empire. This was an Islamic empire in what is now Iraq. The Abbasid caliphs were the second of the Islamic dynasties.

paragraphs: The Mongol army, led by Hulagu (also spelled as Hulegu) Khan and the Chinese commander Guo Kan in vice-command, set out for Baghdad in November of 1257. Hulagu marched with what was probably the largest army ever fielded by the Mongols. By order of Mongke Khan, one in ten fighting men in the entire Mongol Empire were gathered for Hulagu's army (Saunders 1971). The attacking army also had a large contingent of Christian forces.

paragraphs: Hulagu demanded surrender; the caliph refused. Many accounts say that the caliph failed to prepare for the fight; he neither gathered armies nor strengthened the walls of Baghdad.

paragraphs: Hulagu divided his forces, so that they threatened both sides of the city, on the east and west banks of the Tigris. The attacking Mongols broke some dikes and flooded the ground behind the caliph’s army, trapping them. Much of the army was slaughtered or drowned.

paragraphs: Under Guo Kan's order, the Chinese counterparts in the Mongolian army then laid siege to the city, constructing a palisade and ditch, wheeling up siege engines and catapults. The siege started on January 29. The battle was swift, by siege standards. By February 5 the Mongols controlled a stretch of the wall. Al-Musta'sim tried to negotiate, but was refused.

paragraphs: On February 10 Baghdad surrendered. The Mongols swept into the city on February 13 and began a week of massacre, looting, rape, and destruction.


title: Credo

paragraphs: The Credo () is part of Christian Mass. "Credo" is Latin, and means "I believe". It is a statement of faith. In Catholicism, the Nicene Creed is used very often; but there are others, such as the Athanasian Creed or Apostles' Creed.

paragraphs: Very often it is sung by the crowd, or by a choir; many people have written credoes. One of them is Antonio Vivaldi


title: J. D. Salinger

paragraphs: Jerome David Salinger (January 1, 1919 – January 27, 2010), better known as J. D. Salinger, was an American writer of (partly) Jewish descent. He was best known for his 1951 novel "The Catcher in the Rye".

paragraphs: Salinger was born Jerome David Salinger in Manhattan, New York on January 1, 1919.

paragraphs: Salinger began writing short stories while in secondary school. In 1936, he went to work in Austria, but left 2 years later, just before Germany took Austria over.

paragraphs: Salinger published several stories in the early 1940s before serving in World War II. In 1948 he published the story "A Perfect Day for Bananafish" in "The New Yorker" magazine, which also published most of his following work.

paragraphs: In 1951, his first novel "The Catcher in the Rye" was published. It became an immediate popular success.

paragraphs: On January 27, 2010, Salinger died in his home in Cornish, New Hampshire of natural causes at age 91.

paragraphs: Salinger did not like publicity: He never published an original work after 1965 and was never interviewed after 1980. In fact, he told his agent to burn any mail that fans sent him. He also did not want his photograph on the jacket of his books.

paragraphs: On November 28, 2013, scans of three unpublished Salinger stories were uploaded to the Internet. It was done by a user of What.CD, an invite-only BitTorrent tracker site. The file was quickly removed by administrators of the site. It is not currently clear how the unpublished material was uploaded, as the original gangster sources came from two different locations (the University of Texas and Princeton). This shows that the works may have been obtained on separate occasions and then put together. Salinger's unpublished works quickly spread over to open BitTorrent sites like The Pirate Bay and image-sharing sites such as Imgur.

paragraphs: Despite What.CD's quick response, Salinger's unpublished writings will forever be available on the internet.


title: Luca Toni

paragraphs: Luca Toni (born 26 May 1977 in Pavullo nel Frignano, Modena) is an Italian football player. He plays for Genoa and Italy national team.


title: Sara Gilbert

paragraphs: Sara Gilbert (born Sara Rebecca Abeles on January 29, 1975 in Santa Monica, California) is an American actress most famous for being Darlene Conner in "Roseanne". She has guest-starred on many primetime programs such as "The Simpsons" and "Will & Grace". She was in the cast of "The Big Bang Theory". She is a vegetarian. She is openly lesbian and was in a relationship with Allison Adler from 2002 until their relationship ended in 2011. They have a son born in 2004, and a daughter born in 2007. She has been in a relationship with musician Linda Perry since 2011. The couple became engaged in April 2013. Gilbert was born in Santa Monica, California, the daughter of Barbara Cowan (née Crane) and Harold Abeles.


title: Alicia Goranson

paragraphs: Alicia Linda Goranson (born June 22, 1974, in Evanston, Illinois), also known as Lecy Goranson, is an American actress most famous for her role as Becky Conner in the TV show "Roseanne".


title: Ape Escape

paragraphs: Ape Escape, known in Japan as , is a platform video game for the PlayStation. It was made by Sony Computer Entertainment.


title: Ken Kesey

paragraphs: Kenneth Elton Kesey (September 17, 1935 – November 10, 2001) was an American writer best known for his novel "One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest". He was born in La Junta, Colorado and moved to Springfield, Oregon in 1946.


title: Liver cancer

paragraphs: Liver cancer is malignant tumors on, or in, a liver. The most common form of liver cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma, which is more common in those with cirrhosis of the liver, which may be caused by alcohol abuse, Wilson's disease, or hepatitis. Hepatoblastoma occurs most often in children.


title: One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (novel)

paragraphs: One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest is a novel. It was written in 1959 by Ken Kesey. It was published in 1962. It is set in a mental asylum in Oregon. It was made into a movie that was directed by Milos Forman. The movie stars Jack Nicholson. It was very popular, and won 5 Academy Awards. It was a very controversial book. It is still considered a classic.


title: Fred Thompson

paragraphs: Fred Dalton Thompson (Freddie Dalton Thompson; August 19, 1942 – November 1, 2015) was an American politician, actor, attorney, and lobbyist.

paragraphs: Thompson became famous during the 1970s during the Watergate Scandal because he discovered the Watergate tapes which would lead to President Richard Nixon's resignation in 1973.

paragraphs: He starred on "Law & Order" as Arthur Branch, the District Attorney of New York. He quit the show to run as the Republican candidate for the United States presidency in 2008, but he did not become the candidate. He was also the host of "The Fred Thompson Show", one of Westwood One's most popular talk shows.

paragraphs: On November 1, 2015, Thompson died from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), a form of cancer, at the age of 73 in Nashville, Tennessee.


title: John Glenn

paragraphs: John Herschel Glenn Jr. (July 18, 1921 – December 8, 2016) was a former astronaut and United States Senator. He is best known for being the first American to orbit the Earth as an astronaut for NASA. After his career as an astronaut, he went into politics and served as a Senator from his home state of Ohio from 1974-1999. In 1998, he made his second spaceflight at the age of 77 years. He is the oldest man ever in outer space. Following the death of senator Edward Brooke in January 2015, he was the oldest living former U.S. senator until his death in December 2016.

paragraphs: Glenn was born in Cambridge, Ohio, to John Glenn, Sr. and Teresa (née Sproat). He was raised in New Concord, Ohio. Glenn studied engineering at Muskingum College. He received his private pilot's license for physics course credit in 1941. He received a Bachelor of Science at Muskingum College.

paragraphs: Glenn joined the United States Navy in 1942 and became a pilot. He switched to the United States Marine Corps soon afterwards. He served as a pilot in World War II and flew missions over the Pacific Ocean.

paragraphs: Glenn stayed in the Marines after the war. In the Korean War, he shot down three enemy planes and flew in 63 combat missions. On July 16, 1957, then-Major Glenn set the transcontinental air speed record, flying a F8U-1 Crusader from NAS Los Alamitos to Floyd Bennett Field, Brooklyn, in 3 hours, 23 minutes, and 8.4 seconds.

paragraphs: Project Bullet, as the mission was called, provided both the first transcontinental flight to average supersonic speed, and the first continuous transcontinental panoramic photograph of the United States. Glenn was awarded his fifth Distinguished Flying Cross for the mission.

paragraphs: In 1958, Glenn joined Project Mercury. He was the oldest of the seven pilots selected. Although Alan Shepard and Gus Grissom flew in outer space before Glenn did, Glenn was the first American to orbit the earth, as neither of the previous two had made a full orbit. He flew a Mercury spacecraft called Friendship 7. His first words when reaching orbit were "Zero G and I feel fine." He retired from NASA and the military after his flight.

paragraphs: He went into business. He became an executive for Royal Crown Cola. Glenn was friends with Robert F. Kennedy. Kennedy, an Attorney General of the United States and US Senator, told Glenn he should run for office. He planned on running for Senate in 1964, but an accident at home made him decide not to. In 1974, he ran for Senate as a Democrat. He defeated Senator Howard Metzenbaum in the primary. Glenn later beat Ralph J. Perk in the general election. He was reelected to the Senate in 1980. In 1984, he ran for President but the Democratic nomination went to Walter Mondale. Glenn was a popular senator and was re-elected several more times.

paragraphs: In 1998, Glenn flew on the . He is the oldest person to fly in space and the only sitting US Senator to fly in space. He retired from the Senate in 1999. He helped set up the John Glenn School of Public affairs at Ohio State University. President Barack Obama gave him the Medal of Freedom in 2012.

paragraphs: On April 6, 1943, Glenn married his childhood sweetheart, Anna Margaret Castor. They had met in New Concord and played together in the school band. They were the parents of two children. Glenn lived in Columbus, Ohio with his wife.

paragraphs: On December 8, 2016, Glenn died at a medical center after suffering from a "serious medical condition" in Columbus. He was 95 years old.

paragraphs: His body was buried at Arlington National Cemetery on April 6, 2017.


title: Super OS

paragraphs: Super OS (formerly: Super Ubuntu) is a free Linux distribution. It is a modified version of Ubuntu made with reconstructor. Its main goal is to provide an ‘Out of the Box’ experience, containing various enhancements over Ubuntu. It has the goal of remaining compatible with Ubuntu.

paragraphs: "App Runner" is a script included in "Super OS" that allows any kind of executable or script to be launched without having to use the command line. App Runner was also subject of an article by Lifehacker, saying ""App Runner would come in handy"" and ""there's plenty of scripts and closed-source apps that this would be useful for"".

paragraphs: There is also a Windows tool called "cd2usb" to create Ubuntu and "Super OS" Live USBs. The program is already included in the DVD of "Super OS".

paragraphs: The "RUNZ Framework" is a tool that allows the use of portable apps and something called "SuperDebs" (an installer with a .deb file + its dependencies that can be installed offline) in "Super OS". It is already included in "Super OS 9.04 SP 0.1+"

paragraphs: In addition to the official Ubuntu repositories, Super OS also includes its own repositories, which include third-party software like Adobe Reader, Skype, Real Player, TrueCrypt, PeaZip, Google Chrome or Ubuntu calendar, but also include tools/software developed by "hacktolive", like App Runner and RUNZ.

paragraphs: "Super OS" has been received mainly with positive reviews, with softpedia saying ""it is a distribution with super powers […] [due to] the inclusion of applications, tools and technologies that are missing from a standard Ubuntu"". "Super OS" (still with the name "Super Ubuntu" at the time), was also Lifehacker's "featured download" saying ""It's basically just a re-compiled version of the official Ubuntu distribution, but with a whole bunch of features included that save you the time of grabbing them yourself""."Super OS" is also the OS that the Helios project (a non-profit organization to give away computers to children without the money to buy them) pre-loads on most of the computers they give away. , Super OS is in the top 100 of the page hit ranking of DistroWatch.


title: Sahelanthropus

paragraphs: Sahelanthropus tchadensis is a fossil hominid. From evidence at the fossil site in Chad in the African Sahel, it is thought to have lived about 7 million years ago.

paragraphs: The split of the line into humans and chimpanzees (known as "human-chimpanzee divergence") probably happened between 6.3 and 5.4 million years ago. This can be seen from genetic data. Because the fossil is older than this spilt, its status is unclear. The first fossil found is known as "Toumaï" today.

paragraphs: Some fossils, a cranium (skull), five pieces of jaw, and some teeth, make up a head that has features that are like both modern and primitive humans. The braincase is only 340 cm³ to 360 cm³ in volume, about the same as chimpanzees. It is much less than the human volume of about 1350 cm³.

paragraphs: The teeth and structure of the face are very different from Homo sapiens. The cranium found is damaged, it is very distorted, so no 3D computer reconstruction has been made. There are no bones other than parts of the skull. It is unknown if "Sahelanthropus tchadensis" was bipedal (walked on two legs). The placement of the foramen magnum suggests they were, though. Its canine wear is similar to other Miocene apes.

paragraphs: "Sahelanthropus" may be an ancestor of both humans and chimpanzees; no consensus has been reached yet by the scientific community. The difficulty is caused by its "mosaic of primitive and derived features". Probably it lived in semi-open woodland and savannah, rather than the rainforest of present-day apes.

paragraphs: Another possibility is that Toumaï is related to both humans and chimpanzees, but is the ancestor of neither. Brigitte Senut and Martin Pickford, the discoverers of "Orrorin tugenensis", suggested that the features of "S. tchadensis" are consistent with a female proto-gorilla. Even if this claim is upheld, the find would still be significant, for at present few chimpanzee or gorilla ancestors have been found anywhere in Africa. Thus, if "S. tchadensis" is an ancestral relative of the chimpanzees (or gorillas), it represents the first known member of "their" lineage.

paragraphs: Furthermore, "S. tchadensis" does indicate that the last common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees is unlikely to resemble chimpanzees very much, as had been previously supposed by some paleontologists.

paragraphs: The fauna found at the site suggest an age of more than 6 million years, as these species were probably extinct already by that time.

paragraphs: One study has suggested a much earlier split between the line which led to modern apes, and the line which led to modern humans.

paragraphs: The complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) molecule of the baboon "Papio hamadryas" was sequenced and included in a molecular analysis of 24 complete mammalian mtDNAs. The aim of the study was to time the divergence between the Old World monkeys (Cercopithidae) and the Hominoidea. That divergence, at 30 million years ago (mya), was a reference point for the split between chimpanzee, and "Homo" at 5 mya.

paragraphs: In the later study by Arnason and colleagues, two independent nonprimate molecular references were used. These two references suggested that the Cercopithecoidea/Hominoidea divergence took place >50 mya. Also, all hominoid divergences receive a much earlier dating. Thus, the estimated date of the divergence between "Pan" (chimpanzee) and "Homo" is 1013 mya and that between "Gorilla" and the "Pan"/"Homo" linage approximately 17 mya. The same datings were obtained in an analysis of clocklike evolving genes.


title: Remastersys

paragraphs: Remastersys is a free software/open source (GPL) script for Linux distributions that allows a person to:

paragraphs: It is a very useful and easy way to create a customized Live CD/DVD version of Ubuntu, once the system is installed and configured with programs, updates, etc... the user just has to:

paragraphs: The resulting iso can also be installed on a USB pendrive, creating a Live USB distro, using either a command-line approach or a graphical tool such as UNetbootin.

paragraphs: It has a command line version and a GUI version. It currently works with Ubuntu, and possibly more Ubuntu-based distributions. <br>

paragraphs: The latest version of Ubuntu (8.04) is already supported.


title: Murray Langston

paragraphs: Murray Langston (born 1945, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada) is a Canadian comedian and writer. His television work includes "The Sonny and Cher Comedy Hour", "Make Me Laugh", and "The Gong Show".

paragraphs: Langston is best known, oddly enough, as The Unknown Comic – a comedian who appears onstage wearing a paper bag over his head. He first appeared as the Unknown Comic on "The Gong Show". He did not want his true identity known, because an appearance on an amateur show could have hurt his comedy career, when he was already well-known.

paragraphs: Audiences liked the Unknown Comic, and Langston began to appear as that character on other shows, and in live performances. In time, Langston was as famous for the character as for himself. When he was finally unmasked in public (on a television show called "Real People"), the two careers became one. Langston has performed both as himself and as the Unknown Comic ever since.

paragraphs: Langston partly retired from his career during the 1990s, to focus on raising his daughter.


title: Australopithecine

paragraphs: The term Australopithecine ('australos' for short) refers to any species in the related genera "Australopithecus" or "Paranthropus". These genera occurred in the Pliocene–Pleistocene era, and were bipedal. The arrangement of their teeth, especially the dental arcade, was similar to humans. They did not have the large canine teeth characteristic of present-day apes.

paragraphs: They had a brain size not much larger than modern apes, lacking the large brain of the genus "Homo". They were mainly bipedal, but probably capable of climbing and living at least partly in trees. Their arms were longer in proportion to their bodies, and this also suggests their inherited capacity to move above the ground. The efficiency of their walking is difficult to estimate, but they were not so well adapted to bipedalism as humans. The males were much larger than the females, which suggests a family arrangement with a dominant male and several females, as with modern apes. Nothing is known for certain about their use of tools.

paragraphs: They are in the hominins,and appeared in the late Miocene.

paragraphs: When used alone, the term refers to both genera together. "Australopithecus" is sometimes referred to as the "gracile (slender) australopithecines", while "Paranthropus" are also called the "robust australopithecines".

paragraphs: A likely ancestor of the australopithecines is the "Ardipithecus" genus, which lived in East Africa. The genus "Homo" (humans), appears about 2.4 million years ago with "Homo habilis". Australos moved into mixed savannah/woodland habitats as the climate cooled in the later Miocene. This explains their adaptations to walking or walking plus climbing. It also explains the changes to their diet and teeth, though not in detail. The great increase in brain size of modern man began with the genus "Homo": it did not start with the australos.

paragraphs: The australopithecines according to Briggs & Crowther.


title: Sahara pump theory

paragraphs: The Sahara Pump Theory attempts to explain how plants and animals from Africa moved into the Middle East and then Europe and Asia.

paragraphs: At the time, Africa was rainier than it is today, and the Sahara was wetter, with bigger lakes and more rivers.

paragraphs: African rainy periods are associated with a "wet Sahara" phase, during which larger lakes and more rivers exist. This causes changes in the type of animals found in the area.

paragraphs: Regardless of the aridity of the greater Sahara, migration along the river corridor was halted when, during a desert phase 1.8-0.8 million years ago, the Nile ceased to flow completely and possibly flowed only temporarily in other periods due to Nubian Swell uplift.

paragraphs: During the periods of a wet Sahara, the Sahara and Arabia become a savanna grassland and African flora and fauna become common. During the following dry period, the Sahara reverts to desert conditions usually as a result of the retreat of the West African Monsoon southwards. Evaporation exceeds precipitation, the level of water in lakes like Lake Chad falls, and rivers become dry wadis.

paragraphs: Flora and fauna previously widespread retreat northwards to the Atlas Mountains, southwards into West Africa, or eastwards into the Nile Valley and thence either south-east to the Ethiopian Highlands and Kenya or north-east across the Sinai into Asia. This separates populations of some of the species in areas with different climates, forcing them to adapt, possibly giving rise to speciation (species splitting).

paragraphs: The Saharan pump has been used to date four waves of human emigration from Africa, namely:


title: US Airways

paragraphs: US Airways, Inc. was an airline that used to be owned by the US Airways Group, Inc. US Airways was previously known as USAir. It was the sixth largest airline in the United States. Its headquarters were in Tempe, Arizona. US Airways owned 357 large jet aircraft and 329 smaller planes that flew to 240 places in North America, Central America, the Caribbean, Hawaii, and Europe. In May 2008, US Airways had 36,632 people working for them in the world and flew 3,512 flights each day. The US in US Airways stands for "United States".

paragraphs: US Airways had many flights from Charlotte, North Carolina, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and Phoenix, Arizona. US Airways also ran smaller numbers of flights from Washington, DC, Las Vegas, Nevada, New York, New York, and Boston, Massachusetts.

paragraphs: The airline also had the US Airways Shuttle. It's a brand which operates frequent flights between cities in the northeast part of the United States. Other companies operate short flights for US Airways, which are called US Airways Express. After the AA combination, the brand is now known as the "American Shuttle".

paragraphs: In 2005, US Airways combined with America West Airlines, but they kept the US Airways name.

paragraphs: In 2013, US Airways announced it was going to be combined with American Airlines. The combination was completed on April 8, 2015, with the new airline keeping the "American Airlines" name. US Airways had it's last flight on October 16, 2015.


title: Northwest Airlines

paragraphs: Northwest Airlines, Inc. (often abbreviated NWA) is a subsidiary of Delta Air Lines, Inc., and was a major United States airline. It was headquartered in Eagan, Minnesota, near Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport in the United States. Northwest had three major hubs in the United States: Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport, Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport, and Memphis International Airport. Northwest also operated flights from a small hub in Asia at Narita International Airport near Tokyo and also operated transatlantic flights in cooperation with their partner KLM from Schiphol Airport in Amsterdam. It also had focus city operations at Indianapolis International Airport and Seattle-Tacoma International Airport.

paragraphs: As of 2006 Northwest was the world's sixth largest airline in terms of domestic and international scheduled passenger miles flown and the U.S.'s sixth largest airline in terms of domestic passenger miles flown. In addition to operating one of the largest domestic route networks in the U.S., Northwest carries more passengers across the Pacific Ocean (5.1 million in 2004) than any other U.S. carrier, and carries more domestic air cargo than any other American passenger airline. It is the only U.S. combination carrier (passenger and cargo service) operating dedicated Boeing 747 freighters. The airline, along with its parent company, Northwest Airlines Corporation and subsidiaries, operated under Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection which, in the United States, allows continued operation during the reorganization effort, not stopping flights as in the case in some countries. Northwest emerged from bankruptcy protection on May 31, 2007.

paragraphs: Northwest Airlines' regional flights were operated under the name Northwest Airlink by Mesaba Airlines, Pinnacle Airlines, and Compass Airlines. Its frequent flyer program was WorldPerks. Northwest Airlines' tagline was "Now you're flying smart."

paragraphs: On April 14, 2008, Northwest announced it would be merging with Delta Air Lines, subject to regulatory review. The merger was officially completed on January 31, 2010.


title: JetBlue Airways

paragraphs: JetBlue Airways is an American low-cost airline owned by JetBlue Airways Corporation. The company is headquartered in Long Island City, a neighborhood in New York City. Its main base is John F. Kennedy International Airport.

paragraphs: In 2001, JetBlue began a focus city operation at Long Beach in Los Angeles County, California. Another was opened at Logan International Airport in Boston, Massachusetts in 2004. It also has focus city operations at Fort Lauderdale – Hollywood International Airport, Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport, and Orlando International Airport. The airline mainly serves destinations in the United States, along with flights to the Caribbean, the Bahamas, Bermuda, and Mexico. As of 2016, JetBlue has 216 planes and goes to 97 cities.


title: Erich Wasicky

paragraphs: Erich Wasicky (May 27, 1911 in Vienna, Austria - May 28, 1947 in Landsberg) was a pharmacist at the Mauthausen concentration camp. He was responsible for killing many inmates.

paragraphs: Wasicky joined the NSDAP and the SS (he had the rank of SS-Sturmbannführer). From 1941 to 1944, he worked in the concentration-camp Mauthausen. He was in charge of choosing victims to be killed, and of poisoning them with the gas Zyklon-B. He also drove trucks that were used for killing people by exhaust gas. Up to 15,000 people had been killed at Mauthausen as well as neighboring Hartheim.

paragraphs: After the end of World War II he was charged with murder by an US-military tribunal, found guilty, and was hanged on May 28, 1947.


title: Indie pop

paragraphs: Indie pop is a genre of alternative rock which originated in the United Kingdom in the 1980s. Originally and often still a form of independent music, it is closely associated with indie rock, both genres are similar, yet there are differences between both. Indie rock tends to be edgier, rougher and harsher-sounding, contrasting the more melodious indie pop. Indie pop additionally takes influences from 1960s girl group music and power pop, often giving it retro elements, and makes usage of jangly guitars.

paragraphs: In 1986, British music magazine "NME" released a cassette called "C86", which included indie pop and indie rock music; the artists in "C86" made music which was described by About.com as "a twee, amateurish form of home-made music drawing deeply from sunny '60s acts like The Byrds and the Velvet Underground."

paragraphs: Early indie pop bands include The Shop Assistants or The Pastels. More recent bands in the genre include Point blank, Travis, The Research and Maritime.


title: Travis

paragraphs: Travis are a Scottish Indie pop rock band. They have released many albums including The Man Who, The Invisible band and "The Boy with No Name. "

paragraphs: "Their latest album was released in September of 2013 and is called Where You Stand"

paragraphs: They are best known for their single "Why Does It Always Rain on Me?" from their 1999 release "The Man Who".


title: The Boy with No Name

paragraphs: The Boy with No Name is an album by Indie pop band Travis and was released in May of 2007. The name of this record came from the fact it took Francis Healy (singer) a long time to name his son.

paragraphs: All songs written by Fran Healy, except where noted.

paragraphs: This track uses several lyrics and the overall theme from the 1997 B-side "Standing on My Own" (which was included on the single release of "Tied to the 90's").[3]

paragraphs: "Closer" was the first single the band released from this album.


title: Stuttering

paragraphs: Stuttering or stammering is a problem of speech disorder some people have when they speak. Five to six percent of children have a stammer while pne percent of adults have a stammer. Men are 4 times more likely to have a stammer than women. Stammers normally start at 2-6 years and run in families. The person knows what they want to say but the flow of their speech is ‘bumpy’ and may have some of the following features:

paragraphs: Stammering can be very upsetting and knock a person's confidence. Joseph Sheehan compared stuttering to an iceberg, with the bumpy parts you can hear (overt parts) of stuttering above the waterline, and the larger block of how the person feels (covert parts) invisible below the surface. These people may feel embarrassment, shame, frustration, fear, anger, and guilt. These feelings may increase stress and effort making the person stammer more. Such negative feelings may be an important part of a treatment program.

paragraphs: Stammers affect peoples lives as they may not have the confidence to apply for job interviews or make friends.

paragraphs: This therapy is also known as "speak more fluently", "prolonged speech" or "connected speech." It trains stutterers to speak fluently (without the ‘bumpy bits’) by controlling their breathing and how they move their lips, jaw, and tongue.

paragraphs: Stutterers are trained to slow down their speaking rate by stretching vowels and consonants. Other methods include soft speech contacts. This helps to make very slow but non bumpy speech used only in the speech clinic. To make more normal sounding speech for daily life speed of speech is increased. Many people find their speech does not sound natural at the end of therapy. Fluency shaping approaches are normally taught in groups therapy programs, which may take two to three weeks to complete. More recently the Camperdown program, using a much shorter schedule, has been shown to work well.

paragraphs: The goal of stuttering modification therapy is not to get rid of stuttering but to change it so that stuttering is easier and less stressful. As fear and worry make people stutter by getting rid of these feelings stuttering will decrease. The most widely known approach was made by Charles Van Riper in 1973 and is also known as block modification therapy. Stuttering modification therapy has four stages:


title: Life expectancy

paragraphs: Life expectancy is how long a person is expected to live. It is based on many factors such as country and life style including smoking, diet, and exercise.

paragraphs: There are great changes in life expectancy between different parts of the world, mostly caused by differences in public health, medical care and diet. Much of the excess mortality (higher death rates) in poorer nations is due to war, not enough food, and medical conditions or diseases (AIDS, Malaria, etc.).

paragraphs: Over the past 200 years, countries with black or African populations have generally not had the same improvements in mortality rates that have been enjoyed by other peoples. Even in countries with a majority of white people, such as USA, Britain, Ireland and France, black people tend to have shorter life expectancies than their white counterparts (although the statistics are often not analysed by race). For example, in the U.S. white Americans are expected to live until age 79, but African Americans only until age 75 (as of the year 2013).

paragraphs: Climate may also have an effect, and the way data is collected may also influence the figures. According to the CIA World Factbook, Macau has the world's longest life expectancy of 84.4 years.

paragraphs: There are also significant differences in life expectancy between men and women in most countries, with women typically outliving men by around five years. Economic circumstances also affect life expectancy. For example, in the United Kingdom, life expectancy in the expensive areas like Kensington is several years longer than in the poorest areas such as Glasgow. This may reflect factors such as diet and lifestyle as well as access to medical care. It may also reflect a selective effect: people with chronic life-threatening illnesses are less likely to become wealthy or to live in expensive areas.


title: Autrans

paragraphs: Autrans is a village near Grenoble. About 1,541 people live there. It is a well-known ski resort. On 1 January 2016, it became a part of the new commune of Autrans-Méaudre-en-Vercors.


title: Claron McFadden

paragraphs: Claron McFadden (born 1961) is an American soprano singer. She became known because she sang in the opera "Lulu" by Alban Berg, at Glyndebourne Festival Opera.


title: Demosthenes

paragraphs: Demosthenes (384–322 BC, , Dēmosthénēs) was a well-known Greek statesman and orator from ancient Athens. His speeches show the height of classical Athenian skill at speaking. They also show us lots about the politics and culture of ancient Greece during the 4th century BC. Demosthenes learned rhetoric by studying the speeches of previous great orators. He delivered his first law court speeches when he was twenty. He argued effectively to gain from his guardians what was left of his inheritance. For a time, Demosthenes made his living as a professional speech-writer and a lawyer, writing speeches for use in private legal suits.

paragraphs: At the age of 21, Demosthenes took the job of the commander of warships in Athens.

paragraphs: Demosthenes grew interested in politics during the time he wrote speeches for others. In 354 BC he gave his first public political speeches. He went on to devote his most productive years to opposing Macedon's expansion. He idealized his city and tried throughout his life to restore Athens' supremacy and motivate the rest of the Athenians against Philip II of Macedon. He sought to preserve his city's freedom and to establish an alliance against Macedon, in an unsuccessful attempt to impede Philip's plans to expand his influence southwards by conquering all the Greek states. After Philip's death, Demosthenes played a leading part in his city's uprising against the new King of Macedon, Alexander the Great. However, his efforts failed and the revolt was met with a harsh Macedonian reaction. To prevent a similar revolt against his own rule, Alexander's successor, Antipater, sent his men to track Demosthenes down. Demosthenes took his own life, in order to avoid being arrested by Archias, Antipater's confidant.

paragraphs: The "Alexandrian Canon" compiled by Aristophanes of Byzantium and Aristarchus of Samothrace recognized Demosthenes as one of the ten greatest Attic orators and speech writers. According to Longinus, Demosthenes "perfected to the utmost the tone of lofty speech, living passions, copiousness, readiness, speed". Cicero acclaimed him as "the perfect orator" who lacked nothing, and Quintilian extolled him as "lex orandi" ("the standard of oratory") and that "inter omnes unus excellat" ("he stands alone among all the orators").


title: Mexicali

paragraphs: Mexicali is a city in Mexico. It is in the north of the country and across the border from California in the United States. It is the capital city of Baja California. Mexicali is the farthest north city of Latin America. About 903,000 people live there. Many of them are Hispanic.


paragraphs: Futurama: The Beast with a Billion Backs is an animated movie. It's the sequel to "", and is the second "Futurama" movie. It takes place right after the events of "Bender's Big Score", and is about a giant monster who is in love with the entire universe. It has two sequels that were released, the first called "", and then "".

paragraphs: Everyone is worried and afraid of the rift in space that was opened at the end of "Bender's Big Score".


title: Mobile (song)

paragraphs: Mobile is a song by Avril Lavigne. It was only released in Australia and New Zealand.

paragraphs: "Mobile" was only released in Australia and New Zealand. "Mobile" started its chart position at #36 on the New Zealand Singles Chart, climbing up to #26 in its fifth week. The song was also released in South Africa as an airplay single.


title: Don't Tell Me

paragraphs: Don't Tell Me is a 2004 song by Avril Lavigne. It is from her album "Under My Skin". On April 27 2004, it was released as the first single off of that album.

paragraphs: The song did well on charts, climbing to number twenty-two in the United States, at number ten in Australia, at number six in Spain, at number five in the UK.


title: EasyJet

paragraphs: EasyJet Airline Company Limited, styled as easyJet, is a British low cost airline founded in 1995. Sir Stelios Haji-Ioannou started the airline in 1995. He was in charge of EasyJet until 2002. Starting in 2003, EasyJet opened many bases at airports throughout Europe. As of 2016, EasyJet is based at London Luton Airport. EasyJet currently has 26 bases and its largest base is at London Gatwick Airport. It is the second largest low-fare airline in Europe. It flies domestic and international scheduled services. It has 387 routes between 104 European and north African airports.

paragraphs: EasyJet was featured in the television series "Airline".


title: Joystick

paragraphs: A joystick is an input device consisting of a stick that pivots on a base and reports its angle or direction to the device it is controlling. Joysticks are often used to control video games, and usually have one or more push-buttons whose state can also be read by the computer. A popular variation of the joystick used on modern video game consoles is the analog stick.

paragraphs: The joystick has been the principal flight control in the cockpit of many aircraft, particularly military fast jets, where center stick or side-stick location may be employed.

paragraphs: Joysticks are also used for controlling machines such as cranes, trucks, underwater unmanned vehicles and zero turning radius lawn mowers. Miniature finger-operated joysticks have been adopted as input devices for smaller electronic equipment such as mobile phones.


title: Nobody's Home

paragraphs: "Nobody's Home" is Avril Lavigne's third single from her second album "Under My Skin". Daniel Stern played guitar for it. It was produced by Lavigne and Don Gilmore.

paragraphs: The song was written by Lavigne and Ben Moody, ex-member of Evanescence. It is a "rock ballad".


title: Futurama: Bender's Big Score

paragraphs: Futurama: Bender's Big Score is a straight-to-DVD animated comedy movie, and the first "Futurama" movie. It was followed by "", and will have two more sequels called "" and "". It was the first thing done with "Futurama" since it was cancelled in 2005.


title: Futurama: Bender's Game

paragraphs: Futurama: Bender's Game is the third movie in the "Futurama" movie series after "" and "". The fourth movie is called "". It's about the characters of "Futurama" getting trapped in a medieval world in a board game based on "Dungeons & Dragons".


title: Futurama: Into the Wild Green Yonder

paragraphs: Futurama: Into the Wild Green Yonder is the fourth and last movie in the "Futurama" movie series. The first three are "", "", and "". Not much is known yet.


title: Harpo Marx

paragraphs: Arthur Marx (previously Adolph Marx), also called Harpo Marx (November 23, 1888 – September 28, 1964), was one of the Marx Brothers. While acting, he did not speak, and only used horns, whistles, and other props. He taught himself to play the harp and became a good player. This is why he was nicknamed "Harpo". He played the harp in most of his movies and also wore a red wig.


title: Klaus Barbie

paragraphs: Klaus Barbie (25 October 1913 – 25 September 1991) was an SS-"Hauptsturmführer", soldier, and Gestapo member. He is known as the "Butcher of Lyon" because of the war crimes he committed in France during World War II. He lived in Bolivia from 1951 until he was extradited (moved by government order) to France in 1983. From 1984-1987, he was tried and convicted of, and sentenced to life imprisonment for, crimes against humanity. He remained in prison until he died of leukemia in Lyon.


title: Mega Man X2

paragraphs: Mega Man X2, called in Japan, is a platform video game made by Capcom for the Super NES game console.


title: Mega Man X (video game)

paragraphs: Mega Man X, called in Japan, is a platform video game made by Capcom for the Super NES game console. It is the first game in the "Mega Man X" series, a spin-off of the "Mega Man" series.