title: Craig, Alaska

paragraphs: Craig is a city in Alaska, United States. Craig is the largest town on Prince of Wales Island.

paragraphs: Commercial fishing brings much of the income in Craig. There are two harbors in the center of town. Tourism provides jobs and income to the community. Lodges are available to guests who visit the island for the salmon fishing as well as black bear and deer hunting. Another main employer in Craig is the U.S. Forest Service.


title: Deering, Alaska

paragraphs: Deering is a city in Alaska, United States. It is on the Seward Peninsula.


title: Delta Junction, Alaska

paragraphs: Delta Junction is a city in Alaska, in the United States.


title: Dillingham, Alaska

paragraphs: Dillingham is a city in Alaska. It is in Dillingham Census Area, Alaska. Dillingham is on Nushagak Bay. Dillingham has no roads from the Alaska Highway. The only way to reach Dillingham is by plane or sea.

paragraphs: Dillingham was once known as the Pacific salmon capital of the world. Commercial fishing is an important part of the local economy.

paragraphs: Dillingham is the headquarters for nearby Togiak National Wildlife Refuge. The Refuge is home to walruses, seals, terrestrial mammals, migratory birds and fish. It includes one of the largest wild herring fisheries in the world.

paragraphs: The University of Alaska Fairbanks Bristol Bay Campus (BBC) is in Dillingham.


title: Diomede, Alaska

paragraphs: Diomede is a city in Alaska, United States. It is on Little Diomede Island. The island is in the middle of the Bering Strait. It is near the International Date Line.

paragraphs: There are no major roads on the island. There also are no banks or restaurants. A general store has basic supplies, while a laundromat has washers, dryers, and showers for people living in the village. There is a medical clinic for basic health care found in the same building as the store and laundromat. Diomede is the only place people live on the island. Mail is delivered to the island by helicopter.


title: Sablet

paragraphs: Sablet is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


title: Saignon

paragraphs: Saignon is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


title: Eagle, Alaska

paragraphs: Eagle is a city of the Southeast Fairbanks Census Area in the state of Alaska, United States.


title: Saint-Christol, Vaucluse

paragraphs: Saint-Christol is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


title: Eek, Alaska

paragraphs: Eek is a town in Alaska. It is about 400 miles west of Anchorage.

paragraphs: The name comes from an Eskimo word that means "two eyes".


title: Egegik, Alaska

paragraphs: Egegik is a city in Alaska, United States. It is on the shore of Bristol Bay.


Ekwok, Alaska


title: Elim, Alaska

paragraphs: Elim is a town in Alaska, United States.


title: Emmonak, Alaska

paragraphs: Emmonak is a small city on the west coast of Alaska. It is built beside the mouth of the Yukon River about five kilometres from the Bering Sea. In 2010 there were about 762 people living in Emmonak. The main industry in the town is commercial salmon fishing.


title: Saint-Didier, Vaucluse

paragraphs: Saint-Didier is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


title: Fairbanks, Alaska

paragraphs: Fairbanks is a city in Alaska. It has 35,132 people. The only city in Alaska with more people is Anchorage. It was started in 1901 is named after Charles W. Fairbanks, an American Senator and Vice President. It is on the Chena River. The University of Alaska has one of its main campuses in Fairbanks.

paragraphs: Being so far north, Fairbanks has long, very cold winters. It is normal for the temperature to be −15 °F (−26 °C) to −25 °F (−32 °C), and it can get as cold as −60 °F (−51 °C). The summers are short but warm by Alaska standards. It is usually around 70 °F (21 °C), but it can get as warm as 90 °F (32 °C). In the winter the days are very short, on the winter solstice it is light outside for less than three hours. In the summer the opposite is true, it can be light outside for twenty two hours a day. This is called the midnight sun.


False Pass, Alaska


title: Saint-Hippolyte-le-Graveyron

paragraphs: Saint-Hippolyte-le-Graveyron is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


title: Fort Yukon, Alaska

paragraphs: Fort Yukon is a city in Alaska. It is the hometown of Alaska Congressman Don Young and is served by Fort Yukon Airport.


title: Galena, Alaska

paragraphs: Galena is a town in Alaska, United States. There are no roads leading to the town. Supplies come by the river or by airplane.

paragraphs: Galena is on the north bank of the Yukon River. The Innoko National Wildlife Refuge is to the southwest.


title: Gambell, Alaska

paragraphs: Gambell is a town in the U.S. state of Alaska. It is on St. Lawrence Island.


title: Golovin, Alaska

paragraphs: Golovin is a town in Alaska, United States. It is on the Seward Peninsula in western Alaska.

paragraphs: The town name is in honor of Russian Vice-Admiral Vasily Golovnin. The town name was spelled incorrectly. Nearby Golovnin Bay has the correct spelling.

paragraphs: Golovin is a checkpoint, or stop along the way for the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race.


title: Saint-Léger-du-Ventoux

paragraphs: Saint-Léger-du-Ventoux is a commune. It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


Goodnews Bay, Alaska


title: Saint-Marcellin-lès-Vaison

paragraphs: Saint-Marcellin-lès-Vaison is a commune. It is in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in the Vaucluse department in south France.


title: Grayling, Alaska

paragraphs: Grayling is a town in Alaska, United States. The town name is "Sixno' Xidakagg" in the Holikachuk language.

paragraphs: The town is a checkpoint, or stop along the way for the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race.


title: Gustavus, Alaska

paragraphs: Gustavus is a town in Alaska, United States. The town is along the bank of the Salmon River. During the summer, the town has ferry service to Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve.


title: Saint-Martin-de-Castillon

paragraphs: Saint-Martin-de-Castillon is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


title: Kachemak, Alaska

paragraphs: Kachemak is a small city in the US state of Alaska. It is in the southern part of the Kenai Peninsula Borough. The city is about in size. According to the 2010 United States Census, there were 472 people living there in 2010.

paragraphs: Kachemak is north east of Homer, Alaska, a larger city. It is on the north side of Kachemak Bay, in south-central Alaska. The city covers a total of of land, according to the United States Census Bureau. The city limits do not include any water. The city has only one road: East End Road.

paragraphs: In 2010, there were 472 people living in Kachemak. These people were mostly caucasian (white), along with a few African-Americans, Asians, and American Indians. There were 226 men and 246 women living there then. About half of the population (45.3%) was sixteen years old or older.


title: Saint-Martin-de-la-Brasque

paragraphs: Saint-Martin-de-la-Brasque is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


title: Kake, Alaska

paragraphs: Kake is a town in Alaska, United States. It is on the northwest coast of Kupreanof Island.

paragraphs: The town name comes from a Tlingit word that means “mouth of dawn” or “opening of daylight”.


Kaktovik, Alaska


title: Kaltag, Alaska

paragraphs: Kaltag is a town in Alaska. Kaltag is on the west bank of the Yukon River, 120 km (75 miles) west of Galena. In 2002, there were 230 people living in Kaltag. Most of the people who live in Kaltag are native Americans.

paragraphs: The first people to live in the area were the Koyokon people, part of the Athabascan nation. They used Kaltag as a cemetery for surrounding villages. It is on an old walking track which led west through the mountains to Unalakleet. The Athabascans had many camps in the area. They moved as the animals they hunted for food moved to different areas. There were 12 summer fish camps on the Yukon River between the Koyukuk River and the Nowitna River.

paragraphs: The Russians named Kaltag after a Koyokon man named Kaltaga.

paragraphs: In 1839 smallpox killed many of the people who lived in the area.

paragraphs: When the United States took over Alaska, the army built a telegraph line along the north side of the Yukon River. A trading post opened around 1880. There was a gold rush in 1884-85. Steamboats travelled along the river carrying supplies for the gold miners. In 1900 there were 46 steamboats on the river. Measles and food shortages during 1900 reduced the population of the area by one-third. The village of Kaltag began after this when the people who were left in three nearby villages moved to the area.

paragraphs: By 1906, most of the people looking gold had left for Fairbanks or Nome. The Galena lead mines opened 1919. Kaltag was down the river from the mines and grew as a point on the transportation route for the mines. It declined in the 1940s as mining declined.

paragraphs: The old cemetery was washed into the river around 1937. An airport and medical clinic were built during the 1960s.

paragraphs: Kaltag has a week long Stick Dance Festival every two years that draws visitors from many other villages. This festival is held by relatives of people who have died, to thank those who helped during their time of mourning.

paragraphs: Most of the people in Kaltag live by hunting and fishing. Salmon, whitefish, moose, bear, waterfowl and berries are the main foods.


Kasaan, Alaska


title: Kenai, Alaska

paragraphs: Kenai () is a city in the "Kenai Peninsula Borough" in the U.S. state of Alaska. In 2009, the population was 7,945.


title: Ketchikan, Alaska

paragraphs: Ketchikan is a city in Alaska, United States. Ketchikan is on Revillagigedo Island.


title: Kiana, Alaska

paragraphs: Kiana is a town in Alaska, United States. It is also called "Katyaak" or "Katyaaq" in the Inupiat language.


King Cove, Alaska


title: Saint-Pantaléon, Vaucluse

paragraphs: Saint-Pantaléon, Vaucluse is a commune of 222 people (2015). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


Kivalina, Alaska


title: Saint-Pierre-de-Vassols

paragraphs: Saint-Pierre-de-Vassols is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


title: Klawock, Alaska

paragraphs: Klawock is a city in Alaska. It is on the west coast of Prince of Wales Island, on Klawock Inlet, across from Klawock Island. The population was 854 at the 2000 census. It is 90 km (56 mi) from Ketchikan, 11 km (seven mi) from Craig, and 39 km (24 mi) from Hollis.


title: Saint-Romain-en-Viennois

paragraphs: Saint-Romain-en-Viennois is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


title: Kobuk, Alaska

paragraphs: Kobuk is a town in Alaska, United States. It is also called "Laugviik" in the Inupiat language.


title: Saint-Roman-de-Malegarde

paragraphs: Saint-Roman-de-Malegarde is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


title: Saint-Saturnin-lès-Apt

paragraphs: Saint-Saturnin-lès-Apt is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


title: Saint-Saturnin-lès-Avignon

paragraphs: Saint-Saturnin-lès-Avignon is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


title: Kodiak, Alaska

paragraphs: Kodiak is a city in Alaska. It is one of 7 towns on Kodiak Island.

paragraphs: The Alutiiq people were the first to live on the island. In the 18th century the town became the capital of Russian Alaska. Russia sold Alaska to the United States in 1867. Kodiak became a center for commercial fishing


title: Saint-Trinit

paragraphs: Saint-Trinit is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


title: Sainte-Cécile-les-Vignes

paragraphs: Sainte-Cécile-les-Vignes is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


Kotlik, Alaska


title: Sannes

paragraphs: Sannes is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


title: Kotzebue, Alaska

paragraphs: Kotzebue is a city in the United States. It is found in the state of Alaska. Kotzebue is the largest city in the Northwest Arctic Borough. Ralph Wien Memorial Airport is the only airport in the Borough.

paragraphs: Kotzebue is at the end of the Baldwin Peninsula in the Kotzebue Sound. It is north of the Arctic Circle on Alaska's western coast.

paragraphs: Kotzebue is a gateway to Kobuk Valley National Park.


title: Sarrians

paragraphs: Sarrians is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


title: Koyuk, Alaska

paragraphs: Koyuk ("Quyuk" in Iñupiaq) is a city in the Nome, Alaska, United States.


title: Sault, Vaucluse

paragraphs: Sault, Vaucluse is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


Koyukuk, Alaska


title: Saumane-de-Vaucluse

paragraphs: Saumane-de-Vaucluse is a commune. It is in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in south France.


title: Savoillan

paragraphs: Savoillan is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


Kupreanof, Alaska


title: Sivergues

paragraphs: Sivergues is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


title: Sorgues

paragraphs: Sorgues is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


title: Suzette

paragraphs: Suzette is a commune; It is found in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


title: Séguret

paragraphs: Séguret is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


title: Sérignan-du-Comtat

paragraphs: Sérignan-du-Comtat is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


title: Taillades

paragraphs: Taillades is a commune. It is in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in the Vaucluse department in south France.


Kwethluk, Alaska


title: Travaillan

paragraphs: Travaillan is a commune. It is found in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


title: Uchaux

paragraphs: Uchaux is a commune. It is found in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


title: Larsen Bay, Alaska

paragraphs: Larsen Bay ("Uyaqsaq" in Alutiiq) is a city in Alaska.


title: Vacqueyras

paragraphs: Vacqueyras is a commune of 1,260 people (2015). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.

paragraphs: Vacqueyras is on the southern edge of the Dentelles de Montmirail, about east of Orange and north of Carpentras.


Levelock, Alaska


title: Vaison-la-Romaine

paragraphs: Vaison-la-Romaine is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


Lower Kalskag, Alaska


title: Valréas

paragraphs: Valréas is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


Napakiak, Alaska


title: Vaugines

paragraphs: Vaugines is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


Napaskiak, Alaska


title: Vedène

paragraphs: Vedène is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


Nenana, Alaska


title: Velleron

paragraphs: Velleron is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


title: New Stuyahok, Alaska

paragraphs: New Stuyahok is a city in Alaska on the Nushagak River. In 2000 there were 471 people living in New Stuyahok. The name "Stuyahok" means "going down river place". In 2008 a new airport was built at a cost of $3,000,000.

paragraphs: The village of New Stuyahok has been moved at least three times. It moved down the river from the first site in 1918. In 1942 this site was seen to be still too far up the river and being flooded too often, so the village moved to its current site. A school and a post office were built in 1961.


title: Venasque

paragraphs: Venasque is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


title: Viens

paragraphs: Viens is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


title: Newhalen, Alaska

paragraphs: Newhalen is a city in Alaska. According to the 2000 census, there are 160 people living in Newhalen.


title: Villars, Vaucluse

paragraphs: Villars, Vaucluse is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


Nightmute, Alaska


title: Villedieu, Vaucluse

paragraphs: Villedieu is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


Nikolai, Alaska


title: Villelaure

paragraphs: Villelaure is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


Nondalton, Alaska


title: Villes-sur-Auzon

paragraphs: Villes-sur-Auzon is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


Noorvik, Alaska


title: Violès

paragraphs: Violès is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


title: Visan

paragraphs: Visan is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


title: Vitrolles-en-Luberon

paragraphs: Vitrolles-en-Luberon is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


title: North Pole, Alaska

paragraphs: North Pole is a city in Alaska. It is hundreds of miles from the actual North Pole, which is in an area that is very cold and very hard to get to. The town of North Pole is about from Fairbanks, the only big city in the Interior of Alaska. At first it was just a small settlement called "Davis" with a stop on the Alaska Railroad. The first people to form a local government there decided to call it North Pole. Soon a trading post that had been opened there became a Christmas themed shop called the "Santa Claus House" and was a big attraction for tourists who came to Alaska.


Nuiqsut, Alaska


title: Nulato, Alaska

paragraphs: Nulato is a city in Alaska. Nulato is classified as an isolated village. In 2000, 336 people lived there.


Nunam Iqua, Alaska


Nunapitchuk, Alaska


Old Harbor, Alaska


Ouzinkie, Alaska


title: Palmer, Alaska

paragraphs: Palmer is a city in Alaska. Palmer is most noted in Alaska as the place of the yearly Alaska State Fair.

paragraphs: Twelve miles north of Palmer is Hatcher Pass. The pass is a state park and is home of the Independence Mine.


title: Pelican, Alaska

paragraphs: Pelican is a city in the U.S. state of Alaska.


title: Petersburg, Alaska

paragraphs: Petersburg is a city in southeast Alaska, United States. It is on Mitkof Island. There are no bridges so Petersburg can only be reached by air or sea.


title: Pilot Point, Alaska

paragraphs: Pilot Point is a city in Alaska. Pilot Point is at (57.560226, -157.582267). The city is on top of a high, old glacial moraine.


Pilot Station, Alaska


Platinum, Alaska


title: Point Hope, Alaska

paragraphs: Point Hope is a city in Alaska. The city is found on the Lisburne Peninsula, along the coast of Chukchi Sea, above the Arctic Circle. At the 2010 census, 674 people lived there. There are no roads or railways going to the city, and can only be traveled to by airplane to Point Hope Airport, or maybe a boat.


Port Alexander, Alaska


Port Heiden, Alaska


Port Lions, Alaska


title: The Magic Flute

paragraphs: The Magic Flute (German: Die Zauberflöte, K. 620) is an opera in two acts with music by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and a German libretto by Emanuel Schikaneder.

paragraphs: It premiered in Vienna on 30 September 1791 at Schikaneder's theater, the Freihaus-Theater auf der Wieden. The story has traditional fairy tale themes and Masonic elements.

paragraphs: Prince Tamino has got lost in the forest and now finds himself in a country which is ruled by the Queen of the Night. A huge monster chases him and he is very frightened. He falls down in a faint. Three ladies who work for the Queen of the Night come and kill the monster. Then they see the handsome prince and they argue about which one of them will stay to look after him.

paragraphs: The three ladies go off and Papageno enters. Papageno is a birdcatcher whose job is to catch birds for the Queen of the Night. He is a happy, simple young man. Tamino wakes up, sees him and asks him who he is. Papageno introduces himself. He has not noticed the dead monster. Tamino sees that the monster is dead and asks him who killed it. Papageno suddenly notices it and then decides to pretend that he killed it himself. The three ladies hear what he says and they come and punish him by giving him a stone instead of bread and wine, and by padlocking his mouth so that he cannot speak. Then they give Tamino a portrait of Princess Pamina. She is the daughter of the Queen of the Night. They tell him that Pamina has been captured by an evil man called Sarastro. In fact, Sarastro is a good man, and he is looking after Pamina because her mother, the Queen of the Night, is evil. The prince does not know this. He is already in love with the princess just from looking at her picture, and decides to go and rescue her.

paragraphs: The three ladies give the Prince a magic flute which will protect him if he finds himself in danger. They promise Papageno that he, too, will find a lovely wife for himself if he goes with Tamino. They take off his padlock and give him a set of magic bells which will help him if he is in danger. They are told that three lovely boys will show them the way.

paragraphs: In the next scene we see Princess Pamina who is being guarded by a cruel Moor called Monostatos. He has tied the princess up. Papageno arrives and both men are frightened of one another. Monostatos runs away, Papageno unties the rope around the princess and tells her about the prince who is on his way to rescue her.

paragraphs: In the next scene Tamino finds himself in a holy place. The three boys have guided him there. They tell him he must be patient and silent. He meets a priest who tells him he must not think that Sarastro is cruel. He tells him that Pamina is alive. Tamino is very happy to hear this, takes his flute and plays. The animals from the forest come round him. Pamina and Papagena are caught by Monostatos. He is about to tie them up, but Papageno plays his magic bells and, when they hear the music, Monostatos and all the animals cannot help dancing and they disappear, still dancing. Sarastro enters. He tells Pamina once more that she must stay with him to learn how to live a good, virtuous life. She must not become evil like her mother. Monostatos enters with Tamino whom he has caught. Tamino and Pamina see one another and embrace. Sarastro says that Monostatos must have a beating. He says that Tamino and Pamina cannot have one another yet. First they will have to go to the temple and go through some trials to show that they are good.

paragraphs: Sarastro explains to the priests that Tamino and Pamina will have to go through the trials to show that they are worthy of one another. If they can do this then they will be able to defeat the evil power of the Queen of the Night.

paragraphs: Tamino and Papageno go through the trials together. Tamino remains calm and brave. Papageno is frightened and finds it difficult to keep quiet, but he continues because he has been promised that a girl called Papagena will be waiting for him.

paragraphs: In the first trial the Three Ladies try to make them think that the dark place they are in will lead them to death. In the second trial they see Monostatos about to rape Pamina. The Queen of the Night explains why she wants power. She says that Tamino and Pamina will be cursed unless Sarastro is killed. Tamino realizes that this is all part of the trial and he must not do anything. Papageno is given food and drink by Papagena who is disguised as an old lady. Tamino plays his flute. Pamina appears but turns her back on him. The Queen of the Night sings a very famous song in this section. It is famous because it reaches the highest ranges of a female voice.

paragraphs: Tamino and Pamina have to go through the last trial together. Papagena enters and dances, then, when Papageno promises to be true, she throws off her disguise and disappears. Pamina thinks her mother is going to use her dagger, but at the last moment the boys save her and take her to Tamino. Tamino plays the flute as they go together through fire and water. The chorus sing in triumph.

paragraphs: Papageno cannot call Papagena back with his shepherd pipe. The three boys remind him about his magic bells. He plays them and Papagena appears. They are united.

paragraphs: In the last scene Monostatos and the Queen of the Night enter to do battle, but they are defeated. Good triumphs over evil.

paragraphs: Mozart belonged to a group of Freemasons. The Magic Flute is full of Masonic symbols. For example: the number three is an important number in masonry and there are lot of things in the opera that happen in threes: there are three long chords at the beginning of overture, and the three chords appear again in the scene in the temple. Even the key is E flat major which has a key signature of three flats. There are three ladies, three young boys and three trials. The scenery used in the early productions make it look as if the story comes from Egypt or somewhere in the Orient. Mozart and Schickaneder meant this to have a Masonic meaning. The trials are similar to the rituals in Masonic ceremonies.


title: George Chuvalo

paragraphs: George Louis Chuvalo, also known as Jure Čuvalo CM, was a Canadian heavyweight boxing champion and the multiple contender for the heavyweight title in the 1960s and 1970s. He was never knocked off his feet in ninety-three professional fights between 1956 and 1979.

paragraphs: Chuvalo was inducted into the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame in 1990 and the World Boxing Hall of Fame in 1997. He was made a Member of the Order of Canada in 1998 and was awarded a star on Canada's Walk of Fame in 2005.

paragraphs: He went to Sarajevo for the revealing of a statue in his honor in Ljubuški on Sunday, December 18, 2011.


title: Guest worker

paragraphs: Guest workers are people brought into a country to work in different industries.

paragraphs: They are used to fill a shortage in labour that most often cannot be done locally. Guest workers often do not have the same rights as normal workers. In some countries guest workers are not allowed to stay long periods of time. In Germany there are many guest workers from Turkey. Turkish guest workers have formed their own communities in the German cities where they live. Turkish guest workers have been in Germany since the 1950s.

paragraphs: Many Koreans in Japan came as guest workers early in the 20th century, and in Arab countries late in the century.


title: Tropical Storm Lee (2005)

paragraphs: Tropical Storm Lee was a weak tropical storm that hardly reached tropical storm status for a short time while over the central Atlantic Ocean during late August and early September 2005. Lee was the twelfth named storm of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season.

paragraphs: Tropical Storm Lee formed east of the Lesser Antilles as a tropical depression on August 28. On the next day, the depression weakened into a tropical low. The low then moved north and became stronger. It became a tropical storm for a short time on August 31. Lee quickly weakened again into a remnant low and was absorbed by a cold front on September 2.

paragraphs: A tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa on August 24. It developed into an area of low pressure as it moved across the Atlantic Ocean. It strengthened into Tropical Depression Thirteen on August 28 while 960 miles (1550 km) east of the Lesser Antilles.

paragraphs: Because of wind shear, the depression began to fall apart. It quickly weakened into a tropical low late on August 29. It had been predicted that this was likely to happen, but the National Hurricane Center (NHC) instead chose to forecast a little bit of strengthening in the future.

paragraphs: The low slowly moved northwards, then turned to the northeast because of another non-tropical system. As it moved to the northeast, the low began to become organized and began to re-strengthen on August 31. That afternoon, the depression strengthened further into "Tropical Storm Lee".

paragraphs: It got to its strongest point with winds of 40 mph (65 km/h), in between Bermuda and the Azores. While Lee was thought to have been a tropical storm for only 6 hours originally, it was later learned that Lee stayed as a tropical storm for 12 hours instead.

paragraphs: Lee quickly weakened into a remnant low. It moved to the west of the non-tropical system that was near it. On September 1, the two systems began join together. Lee began to fall apart while it was being destroyed by the non-tropical system. By the next day, the remnant low was absorbed by a cold front.

paragraphs: Because Lee stayed far away from land, it did not cause any damage or kill any people.

paragraphs: When Tropical Storm Lee formed on August 31, it was the second earliest time in a season for the development of the 12th named tropical storm. It formed two days after the record held by Hurricane Luis in 1995.

paragraphs: This made it one of the few storms of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season to not hold a record for the earliest formation of the "n"th storm. Also while this was the first use of the name "Lee" to name an Atlantic storm, after the retirement of Hurricane Lenny in 1999, Lee had previously been used to name 3 storms in the Western Pacific Ocean. Because Lee did not cause any damages or kill any people, its name was not retired by the World Meteorological Organization and will be on the list of names for the 2011 Atlantic hurricane season.


title: Lesser Antilles

paragraphs: The Lesser Antilles (also known as the Caribbees) are a group of islands between the eastern edge of the Caribbean Sea and the western Atlantic Ocean. They are east and south of the Greater Antilles. Some of the islands are also just off the northern coast of South America.


title: Cold front

paragraphs: A cold front is a meteorological word that is used to describe the movement of a cooler air mass into an area of warmer air. The air with greater density moves under the less dense warmer air, lifting it, which can cause a line of showers and thunderstorms, or a squall line to form when there is sufficient moisture. This upward motion causes lowered pressure along the cold front. On weather maps, the surface position of the cold front is marked with the symbol of a blue line of triangles/spikes pointing in the direction of its movement. Cold fronts can also move up to twice as fast as warm fronts.


title: Separating funnel

paragraphs: A separating funnel (also called a separation funnel) is a piece of laboratory equipment. It is usually made of glass, and is used to separate two liquids, for example, oil and water. They always separate out, and this is how to remove one from the other:

paragraphs: For this example, oil and water will be used:

paragraphs: A mixture of oil and water is put into a separating funnel and then shaken and then left until it becomes stable again. The liquid with higher density, (in this case water), goes to the bottom of the separating funnel (because it is heavier than oil). When this is done, the bottom of the separating funnel is opened and the water flows out, leaving only the oil.

paragraphs: A separating funnel is a cone shape made from glass but has a half circle, or hemisphere, on top. It has a stopper at the top and tap or hole at the bottom. The size of one can be between 50 millilitres and 3 litres.


title: Plate reader

paragraphs: Plate readers, also known as microplate readers or microplate photometers, are laboratory equipment used to see any biological, chemical or physical change in samples of chemicals in microtiter plates.

paragraphs: Most of the time, a very bright lamp shines light to the microtiter well and the chemicals react in special ways which can be measured using special equipment.

paragraphs: Other ways to measure certain things are:

paragraphs: Today, plate readers come with tools for data analysis.

paragraphs: Using these plate readers can help human scientists do their work more efficiently. Plate readers are used mostly in research, to find drugs, and to help test the purity of chemicals in pharmacies and laboratories.


title: Microtiter plate

paragraphs: A microtiter plate (sometimes called a microplate) is a flat plate with lots of "wells" used as small test tubes.

paragraphs: A microtiter plate is used mostly in laboratories and pharmacies. A microtiter plate could have 6, 24, 96, 384 or even sometimes 1536 wells arranged in rows. Some microplates, used in the industry, have been built with 3456 or sometimes 9600 wells for maximum efficiency. Each well of a microplate can only hold very small amounts of liquid.

paragraphs: The first microplate was made in 1951 by a Hungarian man called Dr. G. Takatsky, who made a microtiter plate with 6 rows of 12 wells (so 72 wells). Microtiter plates started being used in bulk in the late 1950s, a man called John Liner from USA had made a different, but better version. By 1990 more than 15 companies were making microtiter plates.

paragraphs: In 1996, the Society for Biomolecular Screening (SBS) wanted to make the microplate have standards to live up to. And so in 2003, microplates had to have a certain diameter and depth.

paragraphs: Instrument companies have made plate readers which can detect specific biological, chemical or physical changes in chemicals in these plates.


title: Bulgarian language

paragraphs: Bulgarian ("", [ˈbɤ̞lɡarski ɛˈzik]) is an Indo-European language. It is spoken mainly in Bulgaria and parts of North Macedonia, Serbia, Ukraine and Moldova. The Bulgarian language is similar to the Macedonian and the Serbian languages, which are part of the South Slavic branch of Slavic languages. There are nearly 9 million people in 2011 who use Bulgarian as their main language.

paragraphs: Bulgarian is a part of the so-called Balkan "Sprachbund" or linguistic group, which also includes Greek, Macedonian, Romanian, Albanian and Torlakian dialect of the Serbian language. This does not mean the languages are necessarily related, but that they share certain loanwords and grammatical characteristics due to frequent contact over the years.


title: Erlenmeyer flask

paragraphs: An Erlenmeyer flask or conical flask is a kind of flask with a base in the shape of a cone and a short neck. It was first invented in 1861 by a German chemist named Richard Erlenmeyer. Erlenmeyer Flasks are used in laboratories.

paragraphs: This type of flask is used as a container for chemical substances, or to heat or boil liquids. It does not allow liquids to spill easily. It is also used in titration.


title: Girlfriend

paragraphs: A girlfriend is a term that usually means a female partner in a non-marital relationship. It is less common to use the word "girlfriend" to mean a female friend in a platonic relationship.


paragraphs: The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius is an American computer animated television series. It was shown on the Nickelodeon television network until 2006 (with re-runs airing from April-June 2010 and again in January-May 2011) and currently on Nicktoons. It is a spinoff of the 2001 film, "" and later has its own spinoff starring Sheen Estevez called "Planet Sheen" which became its own series in October 2, 2010.

paragraphs: The series is about a young genius named Jimmy Neutron (James Isaac Neutron) who experiments with laboratory equipment which causes trouble to Retroville. He often has to undo the problems this creates.


title: Concordia, Kansas

paragraphs: Concordia is a city in north-eastern Kansas, USA. It has been the county seat of Cloud County since 1871.


title: Indigenous peoples

paragraphs: Indigenous people means the first people who lived in any region, and not later immigrants.

paragraphs: Indigenous people can also be described as aborigines, native people, first people, first nations and autochthonous.

paragraphs: The United Nations prefers the phrase "Indigenous peoples" to these descriptions. The other descriptions sometimes sound negative (pejorative).

paragraphs: Very often, indigenous people were forced into slavery or badly treated by settlers and immigrants. Indigenous people were oppressed in colonial times. Colonial settlers often robbed the indigenous treasures and lands. Indigenous people were often made slaves, or killed by colonial settlers.

paragraphs: Colonialism often wanted indigenous people to believe that they were lower social class than the new settlers. This is propaganda.

paragraphs: Indigenous people can grow up believing that they are lower social class, or less important. Indigenous people sometimes have to fight for their own land, their own history, human rights and equality.


title: Migrant worker

paragraphs: A migrant worker is someone who regularly works away from home, if they even have a home.

paragraphs: The United Nations' use of this term overlaps with 'foreign worker'. In the United States, the term is commonly used broadly to describe people who move frequently to find work or, more narrowly, those who earn low wages performing manual labor in the agriculture field.

paragraphs: Migrant workers are often forced into poor situations. Some are illegal immigrants and can be expelled if found. They are supported by the International Labour Organization. In 1990, the United Nations also adopted the Convention on the Rights of All Migrant Workers to protect them.

paragraphs: Often migrant workers can boost regional economy by spending their wages there.

paragraphs: Open borders help migrant workers. In Europe for example countries that recently joined European Union have seen massive outflow of workers to the countries with higher wages. Some people who work in foreign countries are called "expatriates"'.

paragraphs: In Canada, migrant workers are commonly referred to as foreign workers in general, and temporary foreign workers in particular.

paragraphs: It is through the Temporary Foreign Worker Program [TFWP] that the Government of Canada hires foreign nationals in order to fill temporary skills and labour shortages in the country. Temporary foreign workers can be hired by Canadian employers only when qualified Canadian citizens or Canada permanent residents are not available to fill the same vacancy.

paragraphs: Currently, there is a great labour gap in the Canadian market. Dealing with a declining birth rate on one hand along with many in the workforce retiring soon, Canada is finding it hard to fill the significant labour gap that it is facing. Immigration is regarded to hold the answer to a great extent.

paragraphs: With the TFWP, Canadian employers can easily hire international workers. At times, there might not even be the requirement to get someone from abroad. Canadian employers hiring through the TFWP might find qualified foreign workers that are already in the country.

paragraphs: Such skilled foreign workers already in Canada that can easily be hired by a Canadian employer might be about to complete a job contract with a different employer. Or, they might be working in Canada on an open work permit that allows them the freedom to work for any employer anywhere in Canada.

paragraphs: Usually, such temporary foreign workers or migrant workers in Canada are hired to address a specified short-term labour requirement. Nevertheless, certain foreign workers that had initially come to Canada for filling a temporary vacancy might transition to Canadian permanent residence, provided they meet specific requirements.

paragraphs: Canada’s immigration programs – like the Canadian Experience Class [CEC] and Provincial nominee Program [PNP] – provide pathways to Canada PR for migrant workers. As per the Government of Canada’s official website, “These routes exist to ensure that workers who have shown that their skills are in continuing demand and that they have already adapted well to life in Canada can build a future here.”

paragraphs: Since the imposition of COVID-19 special measure on March 18, Canada has been holding program specific draws from the Express Entry System. The latest draw to be held – Express Entry Draw No. 148 – was specifically for those candidates that had Canadian experience thereby qualifying them for the Canadian Experience Class [CEC] program.

paragraphs: While more than 192,000 temporary foreign workers came to Canada in 2011, around 29,000 foreign workers took up Canada permanent residency eventually.


title: Unicode

paragraphs: Unicode is a standard for encoding computer text in most of the internationally used writing systems into bytes. It is promoted by the Unicode Consortium and based on ISO standards. Its goal is to replace current and previous character encoding standards with one worldwide standard for all languages. New versions are issued every few years and later versions have over 100,000 characters.

paragraphs: Unicode was developed in the 1990s and integrated earlier codes used on computer systems.

paragraphs: Unicode provides many printable characters, such as letters, digits, diacritics (things that attach to letters), and punctuation marks. It also provides characters which do not actually print, but instead control how text is processed. For example, a Newline and a character that makes text go from right to left are both characters that do not print.

paragraphs: Unicode considers a graphical character (for instance é) as a code point (alone or in sequence [e+ ‘] ). Each code point is a number with many digits which can be encoded in one or several code units. Code units are 8, 16, or 32 bits. This allows Unicode to represent characters in binary.

paragraphs: There are different ways to encode Unicode, the most common ones are:

paragraphs: UTF8 is the most common of these for exchange. It is used for internet, electronic mail, Java also uses a variant of it.


title: Low pressure area

paragraphs: A low pressure area, or low for short, is a word used in meteorology (the study of weather) that means a place where the atmospheric pressure is lowest compared to the surrounding area. Coriolis effect causes winds to blow counter-clockwise in the northern hemisphere and clockwise in southern hemisphere. This makes storms like tropical cyclones, extratropical cyclones, subtropical cyclones, and subpolar cyclones. They are called "low-pressure cells" in some English-speaking countries.


title: Hill fort

paragraphs: A hill fort is an ancient fortified refuge or defended settlement. It was usually in a place that rises from the surrounding area, given the name. This is done to exploit the rise for military advantage. The fortification usually follows the shape of the hill. Usually it is made of one or more lines of earthworks. There may also be stockades or defensive walls, and external ditches.Maiden Castle in Dorset is the largest of around 1000 hill forts built in Britain in the Iron Age. In a hill fort, the entrance through the inner ramparts had massive timber gates. The inner rampart was 14m high and topped by a fence of huge, upright timbers. It was faced with big, limestone blocks.

paragraphs: Hill forts were built since the Stone Age. They are most common during later periods though:

paragraphs: There are many different kinds of hill forts, they were very common. In Europe, the Celts used them for a very long time.


title: Troy, Michigan

paragraphs: Troy, Michigan is a city in Michigan, United States. It is a suburb of the larger city of Detroit, and has over 80,000 residents. Many companies have offices in the city. It is where the world headquarters for Kmart used to be.


title: Gin

paragraphs: Gin is a type of alcoholic drink with a high amount of alcohol in it, usually about 35-50% alcohol by volume. It was invented in the Netherlands in the 17th century, and soon became very popular in England. This became a problem when many people drank themselves to death, because gin was cheap to make and contained so much alcohol.

paragraphs: Gin is flavored with juniper berries. Today, gin is usually a dry liquor, which means that it is not very sweet. Gin is also very popular in cocktails - two of the most common of these are the Gin & Tonic (gin mixed with tonic water) and the martini (gin mixed with vermouth, usually with an olive added). Gin is still one of the most popular liquors to this day.


title: Prostitution

paragraphs: A prostitute is a person, most of the time a woman, who has sex with people for money. Prostitution is sometimes called the "world's oldest profession". There are written records of it in almost every culture and society. In many countries it is a crime. In some places it is the customers who get arrested.

paragraphs: Prostitution is sometimes called the "oldest profession" or "oldest occupation". A female prostitute is sometimes called a "hooker", "whore" or "ho". A male prostitute is sometimes called a "gigolo". They can both be called a "street walker", "sex worker" or "escort". Customers or clients are sometimes called "sugar mamas", "stellas" or "janes" if female. They are called "johns" if male.

paragraphs: Some prostitutes walk the streets looking for customers. They are usually called "streetwalkers" and are the most noticeable type of prostitutes. Others work in bars and nightclubs. Others may work at a building called a brothel. Other prostitutes may work from their homes or from an apartment rented for the purpose, and have their clients (customers) contact them by phone or on the internet. Some prostitutes may have a boss (a person they work for and who they may give part of the money they make to), who may be called a "madame" (if they are a woman) or a "pimp" (if they are a man).

paragraphs: Not all prostitutes have a boss; some get business through an escort agency, which is a business or person the prostitute pays to advertise for them and get clients for them. Many prostitutes just work for themselves. The city of Amsterdam is famous for its prostitutes in the Red-light district (a part of a city where prostitution is common). In the Red-light district, some of the prostitutes sit in windows to show that they are available for business. Some people think that in the future, human prostitutes will lose their jobs to sexbots.

paragraphs: The legal status of prostitution varies from country to country. Many countries have laws about prostitution. Some countries have made prostitution illegal. There are four main approaches to handling prostitution:

paragraphs: In some countries, like Turkey, prostitution is legal if done with a license from the government but illegal on the streets. In some Muslim countries prostitution is not only illegal, it is punished by death. In Japan, only certain sex acts are legal; vaginal sex for money is against the law while oral sex for money is legal.

paragraphs: There are some places, where prostitution is legal, but advertising for it is not. In Germany since 2016 both is legal. Since the new prostitution law (Prostituiertenschutzgesetz vom 21. Oktober 2016 (BGBl. I S. 2372)) was included, advertising is not prohibited anymore as long as youth protection is respected. Nowadays most prostitutes place their profiles on websites like ladies.de which is the biggest portal for any kind of erotic services in the german web. Potencial customers find all necessary information about the prostitutes they need in the web, and are able to contact them with their phones. Usually customers visite the apartment of the prostitutes or order them to their home or hotel room. In the Netherlands, both prostitution and advertising for it are legal as well. "Hidden advertising" is still done. It can take different forms:

paragraphs: There are different problems surrounding prostitution, some of them are shortly outlined below.

paragraphs: Prostitution in some form or other has always existed, and probably will always exist. One of the problems is that some of the activities linked to prostitutions are dangerous, and sometimes illegal. Where it is illegal, it is often controlled by criminals, who run brothels as they run a black market. There is also the problem of human trafficking, prostitutes are often forced to work. They are also prone to being exploited. Some people say that making prostitution legal where it is not will not solve these problems. The same people would run the businesses, but they would no longer be criminals. The situation for the prostitutes would probably not change much, as the ways the former criminals run these businesses would not change much either. Other people see a different problem: Legalizing prostitution would lead to some legal prostitution, that would well-regulated, and probably worked well. On the other hand, there would also be the illegal prostitution, which would not change much.

paragraphs: There are also solutions that cover the prostitute as an independet entrepreneur. Therefore these self-employees have to inform the government about their transactions and business activities. In Germany e.g. a new prostitution law was passed back in 2017 wich forces those sex-workers to own a "prostitution-pass" they have to show their client. Many german sexclubs now don't employ the prostitutes anymore but rent them rooms for their activities and charge the club visitors with an entry-fee instead. A famous bordello in germany wich was a pioneer with that concept even before the law passed is the Club König in Lower Saxony.

paragraphs: One of the first targets of law enforcement actions against illegal prostitution is to find the people who force people into prostitution. This is called sexual slavery. Sex trafficking is when people are taken somewhere in order to be a prostitute. It might be done by forcing them or by tricking them in some way. Sex trafficking is one type of Human trafficking. Some people have called human trafficking "the fastest growing form of modern-day slavery", and the third largest and fastest growing criminal industry in the world.

paragraphs: According to a study done in 2006, approximately 800,000 people are trafficked across national borders each year, and millions trafficked inside their own countries. This includes all types of human trafficking, although trafficking for prostitution is thought by some to make up a large portion of trafficking. Because it is illegal, it is hard to find out the real number of women or children forced into sex work. The study estimated that eighty percent of transnational victims are women and girls and up to half of them may be minors (meaning not adults).

paragraphs: Children are sold into the global sex trade every year. Often they are kidnapped or orphaned. In some cases they are even sold by their own families. According to the International Labour Organization, the problem is well known in Thailand, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Cambodia, Nepal and India.

paragraphs: The main causes of human trafficking are poverty, war, and other social issues. Some women are made to believe promises of a better life, sometimes by people who are known and trusted to them. Traffickers may own legitimate travel agencies, modeling agencies and employment offices in order to gain women's trust. Others are simply kidnapped. Once overseas it is common for their passport to be taken away by the trafficker and to be warned of the consequences should they attempt to escape. This may include beatings, rape, threats of violence against their family and death threats. It is common, particularly in Eastern Europe, that should they manage to return to their families they will only be trafficked once again. When an area has a lot of prostitutes some people say its a "sexidemic" (too much).

paragraphs: Globally, forced labour generates $31bn, half of it in the industrialised world, a tenth in transition countries, the International Labour Organization says in a report on forced labour. Trafficking in people has been made easier by porous borders and advanced communication technologies, it has become increasingly transnational in scope and highly lucrative within its barbarity.

paragraphs: In some countries counselling, accommodation and specialist care exists to help trafficked people escape. In other countries, this support is lacking and individuals are often treated as illegal immigrants and deported.

paragraphs: One of the big problems is that of child prostitution. Most prostitution happens between adults, but many prostitutes are children. This means that people caught with these prostitutes may also face charges of having sex with a child. In most countries, prostitutes do need to be of a certain age, which is usually higher than the age of consent. Usually, having sex with a child is punished harshly.

paragraphs: Certain people travel to other countries to have sex with children, which is forbidden where they live. Many countries have changed their laws so they also apply outside their territory. The crime is usually not discovered, so these laws are rarely enforced.


title: Girl

paragraphs: A girl is a young female human, either a child or a teenager. Little girls still have the body of a child. It is not until they reach puberty (which starts at age 12 on average) that their bodies start to mature and they become a woman. During puberty, a girl develops breasts, their hips and shoulders widen and they begin to have periods.

paragraphs: The word "girl" was used a long time ago by some people called Anglo-Saxons. Sometimes older people still refer to grown up women as "girls", especially in expressions such as "a night out with the girls". According to some Abrahamic derived traditions, the first girl that ever existed was Luluwa.

paragraphs: The opposite of a girl is a boy. A boy is a male child who will grow into a man.

paragraphs: The way girls are brought up will vary a lot between different cultures. In Western cultures, a girl traditionally wears a dress or skirt. However, many girls wear trousers (pants) these days, like boys, especially when dressed informally. Girls often grow their hair longer than boys, although this can vary a lot according to quickly changing fashions.


title: Family Guy

paragraphs: Family Guy is an American adult animated sitcom created by Seth MacFarlane. It first was shown on FOX in 1999. The series did not become popular until shown again on Adult Swim and TBS, and episodes were sold on DVD & Blu-ray. Fox chose to cancel the series because it was not very popular. After many DVDs were sold, Fox started showing it again on May 1, 2005. It is aimed at adults.

paragraphs: The series is about the lives of Peter Griffin, his wife Lois, and their three children: 18-year old Meg, 16-year old Chris, and very smart 1-year-old Stewie; and also their dog, 8-year old Brian, who talks and acts like a human. The Griffins live in a fictional city named Quahog, which is in the real state of Rhode Island. The show puts humor into common everyday situations, and is famous for their style of comedy that always makes fun of past American culture. These scenes are called "cutaway gags", because they have unrelated stories, and they do not affect the show's stories in any way. The show also uses a lot of profanity and sex scenes.

paragraphs: In 2009, a spin off show from "Family Guy" was created called "The Cleveland Show" with Cleveland Brown as the main character.

paragraphs: The series was nominated for many Emmy Awards. Family Guy is the first animated series to be nominated for an Emmy Award for Best Comedy Series since "The Flintstones" in 1961.


title: Myspace

paragraphs: Myspace is a social networking website owned by News Corp. Digital Media where people can communicate using messages, video and photo uploads, blogs, social groups, and music. Myspace was founded in 2003 and used to be the 24th most popular website in the world. Myspace was popular with young people between 2005 and 2010. MySpace's head office is in New York City.

paragraphs: Some people think Myspace is a bad site, because it makes personal information very easy to find. Many parents do not like Myspace. They would like it to shut down. Myspace says that they are a safe place for all people, and has rules to keep people safe.

paragraphs: NBC's Dateline has a ""To Catch a Predator"" series that talks about Myspace's safety problems. Although Myspace has many contradictions against them, they have not shut down.

paragraphs: Myspace Inc. is a web page where individuals can communicate, and exchange information with their network of friends. Users can set up a personal profile, which can be changed, and new graphics and pictures and additional material can be added. All members can upload pictures to share with their friends, and others have permission to comment on their pictures and uploaded materials.

paragraphs: Also the user can choose to play games on, and post blogs to share with their friends and family.

paragraphs: Myspace has users all over the world which includes:


title: RuneScape

paragraphs: RuneScape is a video game that is played on the Internet. Multiple people play "RuneScape" all at the same time, which makes it a Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game (or MMORPG). It began in 2001, and is owned by Jagex Ltd. It is set in a fantasy land.

paragraphs: The game first started in 2001 as "Runescape" (now referred to as "RuneScape Classic"), but the code and graphics engine was rewritten in 2004 to form "Runescape 2. "Again, in 22 July 2013, the game was rewritten as "RuneScape 3," which is the version playable today. The game is designed to allow players all over the world to connect and play together in real-time. There may be over 100,000 people playing the game at any one time, and even more at peak times such as weekends.

paragraphs: The game was originally made by Andrew Gower. He created a game named "DeviousMUD" in 1998. DeviousMud used two dimensional graphics. It was only briefly released to the public before being taken down. RuneScape is entirely made of three dimensional graphics.

paragraphs: Jagex was formed soon after. It stands for Java Gaming Experts. Andrew Gower is head of development. It was renamed to Just About the Game Experience.

paragraphs: Old School RuneScape (OSRS) is a massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) developed and published by Jagex. The game can be played with or without buying membership. The game was released on February 22, 2013 as a copy of the main game. After players grew frustrated with updates to the main game, Jagex opened a poll where players could vote whether or not to bring back an older version of the game from 2007. The number of votes would determinine the support it would receive from Jagex. The poll ended with over 450,000 votes in favor of the servers; this meant it would not require an additional subscription and would have a small development team. In order for new content to be added to the game, the update must pass a game-wide poll with a seventy-fine percent ratio. Since release, OSRS has received many engine improvements, new content, and quality of life updates. Despite having a smaller staff and a slower relative update schedule, OSRS had more than twice the active players that RuneScape had by 2017. A mobile version of the game for Android and iOS was released in October 2018.

paragraphs: The "RuneScape" world has many different areas and places where players can explore and do activities such as quests or training a skill. "RuneScape" skills are abilities that players can train to be able to do special things. Smithing is an example of a skill that can allow a player to create metal items.

paragraphs: "RuneScape" is an online game. Like most free online games, the free version is basic, and there is an option to become a paying member and buy more features. "RuneScape" members who pay get to explore a world three times as big. "RuneScape" is played on 172 servers. Each server can have up to 2,000 people playing on it at a time.

paragraphs: As an optional service one can become a Member. Members get a larger area to play in, and go past the level 5 trial that free players get in the 10 members skills, 6 times the space in the game's bank, and access to member only weapons, tools, armor and quests. There are over one million (1,000,000) members in "Runescape".

paragraphs: Like most MMORPGs, "RuneScape" has weapons, armor and shields. Weapons, armor and shields can be made out of many things. Common materials for items include bronze, iron, steel, black, mithril, adamantite, rune, granite, and dragon. Some of these materials can be obtained by mining rocks that contain ore. Players can then create items from the ore by smelting the ore using the smith skill into bars and then use the bar and smith it also using the smithing skill. There are also other armors that can not be made but must be gotten through methods such as trade or quests. Some members only weapons have special abilities to help the player, such as the abyssal whip and the dragon scimitar. Mages use magic to protect themselves and others so they use a light clothing. Rangers usually wear dragon-skin to protect themselves from opponents.

paragraphs: "RuneScape" has skills to train, including 16 free to play skills and 10 members skills. Players can train their skills by doing different actions. Skills are usually trained by collecting a resource, like logs, and doing something with them such as burning them. All of the skills can be leveled up to a max of 99 and Dungeoneering has a max of 120. All are also able to be trained to 200,000,000exp.

paragraphs: The Current Skills as of the 26th August 2013:

paragraphs: "RuneScape" has a Player Killing part in the game. Player killing takes place in the Wilderness, a large area north of all major cities. Player killing also takes place in some mini-games but it is different from main player killing because in mini-games, there are different rules that control player killing. Player killing was limited to only minigames on December 10, 2007. However, Wilderness player killing was reinstated on February 1, 2011.


title: Jagex

paragraphs: Jagex (Java Gaming Experts) is a company that makes computer games. Its most famous game is "Runescape".


title: Ella Enchanted

paragraphs: Ella Enchanted is a Newbery Honor book. It was written by Gail Carson Levine. It was published in 1997. It is also the title of the American movie based on the novel, released April 9, 2004. The movie was directed by Tommy O'Haver and starred Anne Hathaway and Hugh Dancy. The story is a retelling of "Cinderella" featuring various mythical creatures including elves, ogres, dwarves and giants.


title: Exploitation

paragraphs: Exploitation means using things that are available in order to benefit from it. It is usually used in a bad sense, although it can be used in a good sense as well.

paragraphs: If a person "exploits" a situation it means that they realize that they can use it to do something which will be good for them. Very often this also means that it will be bad for other people. So the first person exploits the situation and also exploits the other people.

paragraphs: People, especially unskilled workers, can be exploited through a sweatshop. This means that someone else uses the people's knowledge or skills in order to make them do something for them. Socialists (or communists) often talked about the "exploitation of the masses" when they were saying that Capitalism was bad. They meant that a few rich people were using all the working people to do hard work for them but paying them very little. The employers then sold the products for more money and kept the extra as profits so that they themselves could become rich.


title: People (magazine)

paragraphs: People is a weekly American magazine of celebrity and human interest stories. It is published by Time Inc. As of 2006, it had a circulation of 3.75 million. It was named "Magazine of the Year" by "Advertising Age" in October 2005, for very good editorial, circulation and advertising. "People" ranked #6 on Advertising Age's annual "A-list" and #3 on Adweek's "Brand Blazers" list in October 2006.


title: Eye of Horus

paragraphs: The Eye of Horus was an important symbol in ancient Egypt. It was the symbol of protection and Royal Power from Ra or Horus.

paragraphs: Horus was an ancient Egyptian sky god in the form of a falcon. The right eye represents a peregrine falcon's eye and the markings around it. This includes the "teardrop" marking sometimes found below the eye. As the wadjet (also udjat or utchat), it also represented the sun, and was associated with the Sun God Ra (Re). The "mirror image", or left eye, represented the moon and the God Tehuti (Thoth).

paragraphs: In the ancient Egyptian measurement system, the Eye Of Horus defined an Old Kingdom rounded off number one(1) = 1/2 + 1/4 + 1/8 + 1/16 + 1/32 + 1/64, by throwing away 1/64.


title: The Great Khali

paragraphs: Dalip Singh Rana (born August 27 1972) is an Indian professional wrestler, actor and powerlifter. He is better known by his ring name The Great Khali. He worked for the WWE from 2006 to 2014. Before he started his professional sports career, he was an officer in the Punjab state police.

paragraphs: Under the ring name "Giant Singh", Dalip Singh became a pro wrestler for All Pro Wrestling in the United States. He made his first appearance in October 2000.

paragraphs: On May 28, 2001, Brian Ong died while training with Singh. Ong had already suffered one concussion but was told to continue training. A second concussion was deadly for him. Because Singh caused his death, Ong's family brought a lawsuit against All Pro Wrestling. APW was made to pay the Ong family over $1.3 million.

paragraphs: On January 2, 2006, Singh started working for WWE. He was assigned to Deep South Wrestling for training. Singh first appeared on WWE television on April 7, 2006. He attacked The Undertaker during his match with Mark Henry. Khali had his first WWE match on April 21, 2006 against Funaki.

paragraphs: In July of 2006, Khali was removed from a match against the Undertaker because of elevated liver enzymes. On August 4, 2006, he returned to SmackDown. On August 29, 2006, it was reported that Khali would be out of action for several months due to surgery on both knees.

paragraphs: In 2007, Singh was feuding with Batista in July before The Great American Bash. The two were scheduled for a match on PPV on Sunday, July 22, 2007. However, Edge had to give up the World Heavyweight Championship because of a pectoral injury. Khali had won the championship in a 20-man battle royal at the July 17 taping of SmackDown! He then went on to defend his title successfully against Kane and Batista at the Great American Bash.

paragraphs: In 2005, Singh starred in the movie "The Longest Yard" as Turley, one of the prison's inmates. On March 16 2007, Singh starred in the 2007 remake of "Get Smart", a movie based on the 1960s classic TV show, alongside The Rock.

paragraphs: He married Harminder Kaur on February 27, 2002.,


title: Ani (god)

paragraphs: In Etruscan mythology, Ani is god of the sky. He is shown as living in the highest heaven. He is sometimes shown with two faces, possibly showing a link with the Akkadian god Anu and the Roman god Janus.


title: Tecophilaea

paragraphs: Tecophilaea is a genus of plants in the family "Tecophilaeaceae". It has two species. One of them, Chilean Blue Crocus ("T. cyanocroccus"), is at risk (IUCN Red List).


title: Propolis

paragraphs: Propolis ' „for“ y ' „city“ is a wax-like resinous substance collected by honey bees from tree buds (e.g. poplar) or other plant-related sources and used as cement and to seal cracks or open spaces in the beehive. It can also kill bacteria.


title: Home and Away

paragraphs: Home and Away (often called H&A) is an Australian soap opera that has been made in Sydney by the Seven Network since July 1987. The show first aired on 17 January 1988 with a two hour pilot. It is set in Summer Bay, a fictional town in New South Wales. It stars Samara Weaving with Jessica Falkholt and Cornelia Frances.

paragraphs: Some of the characters in the show are John, Braxton, Heath, Alf, Irene and Matilda.


title: Anthony Hopkins

paragraphs: Sir Philip Anthony Hopkins CBE (born 31 December 1937) is a Welsh actor of movies, theater and television. He is very famous for many roles in movies, especially as Hannibal Lecter in "The Silence of the Lambs". He has won an Academy Award, three BAFTA Awards, two Emmys and the Cecil B. DeMille Golden Globe Award.

paragraphs: In 2011, Hopkins played Odin in the MCU movie "Thor". In 2019, he played Pope Benedict XVI in the Netflix movie "The Two Popes".

paragraphs: Hopkins was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II in 1993 for services to the arts. He gained US citizenship in 2000, whilst retaining his British citizenship. He received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2003, and was made a Fellow of the British Academy of Film and Television Arts in 2008.


title: Turner Classic Movies

paragraphs: Turner Classic Movies (TCM) is a cable television channel featuring commercial-free classic movies, mostly from the Turner Entertainment and Warner Bros. film libraries, which include many MGM, United Artists, RKO and Warner Bros. titles. Movie historian Robert Osborne used to host the channel until his retirement in early 2016.


title: Internet Broadway Database

paragraphs: The Internet Broadway Database (IBDb) is an online database of Broadway theatre productions and their personnel. It is operated by the Research Department of the League of American Theatres and Producers, a trade association for the North American commercial theatre community.


title: Brigitte Bardot

paragraphs: Brigitte Bardot (French IPA: ) (born 28 September 1934) is a French actress, former fashion model, singer, animal rights activist, and considered one of the most important sex symbols of the 1950s and 1960s. She was one of the few actresses from Europe to which the American media paid attention.

paragraphs: Born in Paris, into a well to do family, her father was an industrialist and her mother a housewife. She received a strict education but was allowed to take ballet lessons hoping to become a professional classical dancer.

paragraphs: In 1949, at the suggestion of a family friend, she began working as a fashion model and ended up making the cover of "Elle" magazine in May 1950. This led to her being noticed by movie director Yves Allegret who offered her a role in one of his movie. The movie was never made but during the audition she met his young assistant Roger Vadim. Her family was strongly against the relationship but finally gave in and they married in 1952.

paragraphs: That same year, she began her acting career and appeared in two films; "Le trou normand" and "Manina, fille sans voile".

paragraphs: In the ensuing years, she appeared in small parts in various movies in France, Italy and England. Her career really took off in 1956, when she appeared in Vadim's movie "Et Dieu créa la femme" ("An God created Woman"), written especially for her, which made her an instant star and an international sex-symbol. From then on, her every move made headlines around the world. In 1958, she bought a house "La Madrague" in Saint Tropez, then a quiet fishermen village, which has since then become a highly touristic destination.

paragraphs: Other notable movies have included; "En cas de malheur" (1958), "La vérité" (1960), considered by many her best role, "Vie Privée" (1962), "Le mépris" (1963), "Viva Maria" (1965), etc. She also enjoyed success as a singer but mostly through recordings and television appearances.

paragraphs: In 1973, she decided to retire from entertainment and devote herself to her real passion the animal rights, which she continues today. She created her own foundation in 1986.

paragraphs: During the 1990s, she published her autobiography and other books in which she spoke openly about her political views on such things as immigration and Islam in France, mixed marriages and homosexuality, which created considerable controversy. She has angered many people who are part of these groups and was fined for incitation to racial hatred.

paragraphs: Bardot had four husbands and many other romantic partners. After her divorce from Vadim in 1957, she married actor Jacques Charrier in 1959, with whom she had her only child, a son Nicolas, born on 11 January 1960. They divorced in 1962. Her third husband, from 1966–1969, was German millionaire Gunter Sachs. She has been married to Bernard d'Ormale, a right-wing political organizer, since 1992.


title: Farben Lehre

paragraphs: Farben Lehre is a Polish punk rock band. The band was started in 1986 in Płock, Poland.


title: Billy Crystal

paragraphs: Billy Crystal (born March 14, 1948) is a Golden Globe Award-nominated and Emmy Award-winning American actor, writer, producer, comedian, singer, movie director and television host. He became famous in the 1970s for playing Jodie Dallas on the ABC Comedy-drama, "Soap". Crystal was a castmember of Saturday Night Live. He became a Hollywood movie star during the late 1980s and the 1990s, appearing in the box office successes "When Harry Met Sally..." and "City Slickers".


title: Carmen Electra

paragraphs: Tara Leigh Patrick (born April 20, 1972), professionally known as Carmen Electra, is an American Criminal Mastermind, actress, television personality, singer, dancer and sex symbol.


title: Calista Flockhart

paragraphs: Calista Kay Flockhart (born on November 11, 1964) is an American actress. She was nominated for an Emmy Award. Flockhart won a Golden Globe award in 1998. She was on soap operas and other television shows. She is famous for her role as the main character in the 1997-2002 television show, "Ally McBeal". She played Sally Field's daughter, Kitty Walker, on the successful ABC drama, "Brothers & Sisters". She played a political campaign adviser.


title: Dwight Schultz

paragraphs: William Dwight Schultz (born November 24, 1947 in Baltimore, Maryland) is an American stage, television and movie actor. He is known for his roles as Captain "Howling Mad" Murdock on the hit 1980s action show "The A-Team", and Reginald Barclay in "", "" and the movie "" and Lester in "The Powerpuff Girls".

paragraphs: At the moment, he hosts a conservative talk radio podcast called "Howling Mad Radio."


title: Fred Savage

paragraphs: Frederick Aaron Savage (born July 9, 1976) is an Emmy Award and Golden Globe Award-nominated American actor and television director. He is best known for his role as Kevin Arnold in "The Wonder Years".


title: Gene Kelly

paragraphs: Eugene Curran Kelly (August 23, 1912 – February 2, 1996), better known as Gene Kelly, was an American dancer, actor, singer, director, producer and choreographer.

paragraphs: He was a great example of 20th century filmed dance, famous for his energetic and athletic dancing style, his good looks and the likeable characters that he played on screen. Although he is probably most famous today for his act in "Singin' in the Rain", he was the most popular actor in the Hollywood musical movie industry from the mid 1940s to the early 1980s. Kelly died of a stroke on February 2, 1996.


title: Islamic fundamentalism

paragraphs: Islamic fundamentalism is supporting usage of Islamic laws, based on the Quran and hadiths in law.


title: Golden Globe Award

paragraphs: The Golden Globe Awards are American awards for motion pictures and television programs, given out each year during a formal dinner. Run since 1944 by the (HFPA), the awards are a major part of the film industry's "awards season" which ends each year with the Oscars and Screen Actors Guild Awards. The broadcast of the Golden Globe Awards generally ranks as the third most-watched awards show each year, behind only the Oscars and Grammys. The Golden Globes has grown to one of the highest honors for actors and actresses.

paragraphs: The Golden Globes are awarded early in the year, based on votes from (as of 2005) 86 part-time journalists living in Hollywood and who work for media based outside of the United States.


title: AllMusic

paragraphs: Allmusic, which was known as All Music Guide (AMG) before, is a database about music. It is owned by All Media Guide. All Music was created in 1991 by popular-culture archivist Michael Erlewine and mathematician Vladimir Bogdanov, Ph.D., as a guide for people who wish to buy music. They have published a book every year since 1992. All Music was created before the World Wide Web and was possible to consult first as a Gopher site.


title: The Lord of the Rings (movie series)

paragraphs: The Lord of the Rings is a set of three fantasy movies: "The Fellowship of the Ring" (2001), "The Two Towers" (2002) and "The Return of the King" (2003). The movies were based on J. R. R. Tolkien's book "The Lord of the Rings".

paragraphs: The movie trilogy was directed by Peter Jackson. The screenplay was written by Fran Walsh, Philippa Boyens, and Peter Jackson. It was distributed by New Line Cinema.

paragraphs: This was first live-action "Lord of the Rings" movies made. They were filmed in New Zealand from October 1999 to December 2000, and released separately in December 20012003 by Warner Bros.

paragraphs: The "Lord of the Rings" movies were changed in several things from the book; among them where changes in the plot and motivation of the characters, and parts of the story were cut. A few sets of changes that many consider major were: "The Old Forest", "In the House of Tom Bombadil", and "Fog on the Barrow-Downs", from "The Fellowship of the Ring", and "Many Partings", "Homeward Bound", & "The Scouring of the Shire" from "The Return of the King". These were left out, and other passages changed, for reasons of dramatic flow and practical limits on what could be presented in three movies. The scripts are not exactly true to the story in the volumes of the book, yet have most of its most important elements. Yet, some major parts of the books were left out of the movies, and others significantly changed.


title: Gary Coleman

paragraphs: Gary Wayne Coleman (February 8, 1968 - May 28, 2010) was an American actor. Coleman was an African American who was born in Zion, Illinois, with a kidney disease causing nephritis. Nephritis is an autoimmune destruction of the kidney. The disease stopped his growth at an early age. Because of this, he was only tall. His height was his most notable feature. He received two kidney transplants, one in 1973 and one in 1984. He then needed dialysis every day. He was adopted. He was famous for his role as Arnold Jackson in the American sitcom "Diff'rent Strokes". He died of a hemorrhage cause by an accidental fall in Provo, Utah.


title: Cameo appearance

paragraphs: A cameo role or cameo appearance (often shortened to just cameo) is a brief appearance of a known person in a work of the performing arts, such as plays, movies, video games and television. Such a role does not have to be an actor: short appearances by movie directors, politicians, athletes, and other celebrities are common.

paragraphs: Some examples would be Alfred Hitchcock briefly appearing in some of his movies or Stan Lee always briefly appearing in Marvel-related movies.


title: George Peppard

paragraphs: George Peppard, Jr. (October 1, 1928 – May 8, 1994) was an American movie and television actor.

paragraphs: His roles included in the film "Breakfast at Tiffany's" (1961), and the television series "The A-Team", where he was the leader of the group, who was often smoking a cigar.

paragraphs: Peppard had lung cancer and died of pneumonia.


title: Rotten Tomatoes

paragraphs: Rotten Tomatoes is a website dedicated to reviews, information, and news of movies. The name derives from the vaudeville-era cliché of throwing tomatoes and other products at stage performers if a performance was particularly bad. The company has been owned by Flixster, a Warner Bros. company, since May 2011.

paragraphs: As of 2007, the website's editor-in-chief is Matt Atchity.

paragraphs: Rotten Tomatoes was launched on August 12, 1998, as a spare time project by Senh Duong. His goal in creating Rotten Tomatoes was "to create a site where people can get access to reviews from a variety of critics in the US".


title: Halle Berry

paragraphs: Halle Maria Berry (born August 14, 1966) is an American actress. Berry has received Emmy and Golden Globe awards, and was awarded the Academy Award in 2002 for her role in "Monster's Ball". She is the only African American woman to have won the Academy Award for Best Actress. Berry was ranked No. 1 on People's "50 Most Beautiful People in the World" list in 2003. In March 2014, she launched her own TV production company, 606 Films.


title: Golden Raspberry Awards

paragraphs: The Golden Raspberry Awards or Razzies, first awarded in 1981, were made by John J. B. Wilson in 1980, with the goal of being the opposite of the Academy Awards by dishonoring the worst movies. It is usually a plastic raspberry spray-painted gold and mounted on a plastic base, however Bill Cosby accepted a custom-made one made out of 24 carat (99.99%) gold and Italian marble.

paragraphs: Today, awards are voted by the membership of the "Golden Raspberry Award Foundation" (GRAF), and anyone can become a member of the foundation, something that does not happen with the Academy Awards. Usually, nominations are made public one day before the Motion Picture Academy says its Oscar nominations, and the awards are presented one day before the Oscar ceremony.

paragraphs: The term "raspberry" is used as a joke, as in "blowing a raspberry."


title: Blowing a raspberry

paragraphs: Blowing a raspberry, blowing raspberries or making a Bronx cheer is to make a rude noise made to make fun of a person or persons, made by sticking the tongue between the lips and blowing to make a sound similar to flatulence. The term "Bronx Cheer" is used sarcastically because it's not a cheer, it is used to show contempt The term was created as a reference to the Bronx, New York, and the call used by spectators in Yankee Stadium. It can be classified phonetically as a "linguolabial trill".


title: Joshua Jackson

paragraphs: Joshua Carter Jackson (born June 11, 1978) is a Canadian actor. He has appeared in American television and movies, and is famous for his role as "Pacey Witter" in the television series "Dawson's Creek" and "Charlie Conway" in "The Mighty Ducks" movie series.


title: John Wayne

paragraphs: John Wayne (May 26, 1907 – June 11, 1979) was an Academy Award-winning, American movie actor. He has become a symbol of American man.

paragraphs: Born with the name Marion Robert Morrison in Winterset, Iowa. Wayne was Scotch Irish on his father and Irish on his mother's side. During Wayne's childhood, he moved to Palmdale, California then to Glendale, California. While attending Wayne started working in small local movie companies. And also started playing football in high school and participated in the Glendale school team before being recruited by the University of Southern California (USC).

paragraphs: Wayne began his movie career in the 1920s. In 1928, he played an extra in John Ford's "Four Sons". In 1930, he had his first leading role in "The Big Trail".

paragraphs: Wayne was nominated for an Academy Award for "Sands of Iwo Jima". One of his most important roles was that of Ethan Edwards a desperate man looking for his niece kidnapped by Comanche in the 1956 western movie "The Searchers", directed by John Ford.

paragraphs: "The Alamo" was nominated for several Academy Awards. It won the award for Best Sound. Wayne received an Academy Award and Golden Globe Award for his role in "True Grit". His last role was in "The Shootist".

paragraphs: In 1999, the American Film Institute named Wayne thirteenth among the Greatest Male Stars of All Time. A Harris Poll released in 2007 placed Wayne third among America's favorite movie stars, the only star on the list who has died and the only one who has appeared on the poll every year.

paragraphs: Wayne had lung cancer in the 1960s. He had a lung removed and recovered. He died of stomach cancer.


title: Tropical Storm Tammy (2005)

paragraphs: Tropical Storm Tammy is the nineteenth named storm of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season. Tammy was a tropical storm that only existed for a total of two days and brought minor damages to the southeastern United States. It peaked with 50 mph (85 km/h) just before making landfall on the northern Florida coast. Most of the damages were losses from FEMA that totaled up to $30 million.

paragraphs: Tammy formed from a strong non-tropical low on October 5 just off the Floridan coast. It moved north, peaking with 50 mph (85 km/h) winds jus before making landfall on Atlantic Beach, Florida on October 6 dissipating shortly after. Tammy's remnants were absorbed by a cold front in the Gulf of Mexico.

paragraphs: A tropical wave left the African coast on September 24 and crossed the Atlantic without strengthening or changing. But on October 2, the wave began to strengthen and organize itself while north of the Lesser Antilles. It continued to strengthen as it moved through the Bahamas and early on October 5, it became a well-organized tropical disturbance off the coast of eastern Florida.

paragraphs: As the system already had tropical-storm force winds, it was immediately named "Tropical Storm Tammy", also skipping tropical depression status. The forecasts from the National Hurricane Center stated that Tammy would travel north possibly parallel to the coast, which also meant that it is uncertain where Tammy wold make landfall.

paragraphs: Tropical Storm Tammy strengthened a little bit more to its peak with 50 mph (85 km/h) winds before it made landfall near Atlantic Beach, Florida later that same day. Tammy then moved inland over Georgia and soon weakened to a tropical depression before losing all of its strength on October 6.

paragraphs: The remnant low slowly movedsouth towards the Gulf of Mexico before being absorbed by a cold front (which also picked up the remnants of Subtropical Depression Twenty-two), which affected much of the northeastern United States over the next few days. The NHC watched the system to see if any of the low level circulation would redevelop over the Gulf of Mexico but unfavorable upper-level winds did not allow any restrengthening, as it was predicted.

paragraphs: A tropical storm warning was given out at short notice for the coast from Cocoa Beach, Florida to the Santee River, South Carolina as soon as Tropical Storm Tammy formed on October 5. Tammy moved inland the southern end of the warning zone, eventually moving north to Altamaha Sound, Georgia before all warnings were discontinued on October 6.

paragraphs: Tropical Storm Tammy caused minor damage. The main concern with Tammy was flooding. The highest sustained wind recorded with Tammy was 50 mph, reported a few miles northeast of the center. The highest wind gust reported with Tammy was near 60 mph. Several areas in northeast Florida and southern Georgia reported sustained winds of 40 mph+ due to Tammy's large wind field. Rainfall totals related with Tammy were mostly in the 3-5 inch range, though some isolated amounts received 10 inches of rain.

paragraphs: In Georgia, Several homes were damaged because of flooding. Also in Georgia, several roads were washed out and two pond dams were broken. Storm surge related with Tammy was in the 2-4 feet range. Many boardwalks were washed away and there was some beach erosion in Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina. In addition to the flooding, an F0 tornado was reported, which caused moderate roof damage and broke trees in Brunswick, Georgia. Total damages from Tammy was around $30 million (2005 USD). 16,500 people were reported in southeast Georgia without power during the height of the storm.

paragraphs: The remnant low of Tammy was absorbed by a larger extratropical low which moved north and Tammy's moisture helped create a different storm over the northeast U.S., killing ten people and causing moderate damage.

paragraphs: When Tropical Storm Tammy formed on October 5, it was the earliest ever in the season that the twentieth storm formed, breaking the previous record held by Storm 20 from 1933 by 21 days. Tammy was only the second Atlantic storm to be named with the letter 'T', after Tanya in 1995. This was also the first time Tammy had been used to name any tropical cyclone worldwide. Because Tammy caused minor damages in general, its name was not retired by the World Meteorological Organization and will be on the list of names for the 2011 Season.


title: Manuchehri

paragraphs: Abu Najm Ahmad ibn Qaus Manuchehri Damghani (c. 982 – 1040) () or Manucheri was a Persian poet. He was from Damghan in Iran. His poems are collected in a Diwan.


title: Piranshahr

paragraphs: Piranshahr () is a city in northwest of Iran. The people of Piranshahr are mostly Kurds who consider themselves to be descendants of the Medes, one of the three Aryan tribes who migrated to Iran. Piranshahr is the capital of Mokrian district. Piranshahr have a population of 2 millions persons.


title: Rumi

paragraphs: Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi (30 September 1207 – 17 December 1273), also named "Mawlānā", which means "Our Master", is one of the Islamic world's greatest poets. He is usually known in the English-speaking world simply as Rumi. He is a Sufi mystic, philosopher and lover of humanity. His followers began a school of mysticism to encourage and celebrate his teachings—the Sufi branch known to many Westerners as the 'Whirling Dervishes', but whose proper name is the Mevlevi order.

paragraphs: Jalâluddîn Rumi was born in 1207 in Balkh Persia in what is today Afghanistan. His father Bahauddin was a famous religious teacher and mystic who received a position at the university in Balkh. When Mongols invaded Persia, Rumi left Persia for Konya, which was then under the Persian empire. By the time he made it to Konya his mother had died, and he was married with one child, a son.

paragraphs: 'Mevlâna' (Our Master) had had his early spiritual education under the tutelage of his father Bahauddin and later under his father’s close friend Sayyid Burhaneddin of Balkh. Mevlâna grew both in knowledge and consciousness of God over the years. Eventually Sayyid Burhaneddin told Mevlâna that he was now ready and a mature Sufi and scholar and that the 'next stage' of his spiritual development would soon occur. And so Sayyid predicted the coming of Shams of Tabriz, the central event and love of Rumi’s life.

paragraphs: At the age of thirty-seven Mevlâna met the spiritual vagabond and holy-man, Shams. It was his meeting with this dervish on 15 November, 1244 that completely changed his life. Much has already been written about their relationship. Prior to this encounter Rumi had been an eminent professor of religion and a highly attained mystic; after this he became an inspired poet and a great lover of humanity. Shams’ companionship with Rumi was brief. Despite the fact that each was a perfect mirror for the other, Shams disappeared, not once but twice. The first time, Rumi’s son Sultan Veled searched for him and found him in Damascus.The second disappearance, however, proved to be final, and it is believed that he may have been murdered by certain orthodox Muslim theologians, and other people of Konya who resented his influence over Mevlâna.

paragraphs: Shams convinced Rumi that at certain moments it was possible to commune directly with God: Rather than believers simply being interpreters of the word of God, they could in fact experience his presence directly.

paragraphs: The effect on Rumi was immediate: abandoning his familial and scholarly responsibilities he devoted all his time to learning as much as possible from Shams. However, the mystic came and went without explanation, and vanished permanently in 1248. From then on, Rumi devoted himself to poetry, and primarily to the topic of love. His verses, inspired by Shams—more than 30,000 in all—were collected in a work that he called "Diwan-i Shams-i-Tabriz" ('The Divan of Shams of Tabriz'). Stylistically, Rumi favoured the well established, "ghazal," a traditional Persian meter of up to twelve rhyming lines; and to a lesser extent, the "Rubai" quartrain form.

paragraphs: Rumi seems to have been permanently engaged in a search of divine inspiration and love. He saw and found his 'Muse' in various human and natural aspects of existence. After the "Divan" he completed his great masterpiece or "magnum opus", the "Mathnavi-i Ma'navi" ('The Mathnavi/Treatise Devoted to the Intrinsic Meaning of All Things'), which was dictated in its entirety to his student Hissam-ud-din Chelebi over the course of many years.

paragraphs: Although there had been a substantial Islamic mystical tradition prior to Rumi, it is fair to comment that his poetry transformed both thinking and ritual in this regard. For example, the famous centripetal dance of the dervishes - the "sema" ritual - is said to have its inspiration in Rumi's own movements around a pole in his garden as he mourned for his companion Shams. In time, these actions were adapted into Sufic practise by Rumi and then handed down to his favoured disciples who institutionalized them into the activities of the Mevlevi Order that they founded in their Master's honour.

paragraphs: Rumi died on December 17, 1273 AD and his "Urs" (Spiritual anniversary/festival) is held every year on 8th December at his "Turbe" (shrine) in Konya.

paragraphs: Mevlana's main works, all in Persian language, are

paragraphs: In recent times, Mevlana Rumi remains as fresh and vital as ever. The love poetry of Rumi has found great favour in the West as well as amongst the newer generation of Muslim youth throughout the Muslim world. For Turks, Afghanistanis, Iranians, Tajiks, and other Central Asian Muslims as well as the Muslims of South Asia, Rumi's importance is considered to transcend religious, national and ethnic borders. With his works being translated into many languages everywhere, other cultures and people in the world are now also approaching and understanding Rumi more deeply and at times, even trying to follow his teachings and 'Way'.

paragraphs: 15. * See Maulana Jalaluddin Muhammad Rumi (1207-1273) in "Great Poets of Classical Persian" by R M Chopra, 2014, Sparrow Publication.


title: Abu-Shakur Balkhi

paragraphs: Abu-Shakur Balkhi (born 915 in Balkh) (Persian: بوشکور بلخی) or Boshakor Balkhi was a Persian poet. He lived in the Samanid era in central Asian Persia and wrote the Afarin Nama in 944. He died in Balkh, now in modern Afghanistan.


title: Nasir Khusraw

paragraphs: Abu Mo’in Hamid al-Din Nasir ibn Khusraw Qubadiani Marvzi (1004-1088), also known as Nāsir Khusraw Qubādiyānī Balkhi or Nasir Khusraw Balkhi was a Persian poet. He was born in a village near Balkh in modern Afghanistan. He knew about science, medicine, mathematics, astronomy and astrology. He had studied Arabic, Turkish, Greek, Hindi, Sindhi,Hebrew and Persian. He wrote the Safarnama. In Safarnama, Naser Khosrow described his journey to Mecca, Cairo and Jerusalem and many other cities. His poems are collected in a diwan. He died in Yamagan, a village in Afghanistan.


title: Anvari

paragraphs: Hakīm Awhad ad-Din Ali ibn Mohammad Khavarani Anvari Abivardi (1126-1189) () or Anvari is a Persian poet. He was born in Abivard (a village between Iran and Turkmenistan) and died in Balkh (now in Afghanistan). He studied science and literature in Tun, a city in Iran. He studied science, astronomy, medicine and literature. Anvari knew Persian, Arabic, Turkish, Hindi, and even Hebrew. Anwari's poems are collected in a Diwan. He was known as the king of poets in Seljuk empire royal house.


paragraphs: Old World Underground, Where Are You Now? is a 2003 album by Canadian band Metric. There are six videos that came out for this album between 2003/04, they are (directors in brackets):

paragraphs: "Combat Baby" was also a single in the UK.

paragraphs: Metric's official website has short clips of this album on their music page.

paragraphs: Lyrics for this album can be found on Metric's website.


title: Mohammad Reza Pahlavi

paragraphs: Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (, October 16, 1919 – July 27, 1980) was the last Shah of Iran. He was the Shah of Iran from the 1941 abdication of his father, until the Iranian Revolution in 1979. After the 1979 revolution, the government of Iran changed into an Islamic republic.


title: Mehdi Bazargan

paragraphs: Mehdi Bazargan (; September, 1907 in Bazargan - January 20, 1995) or Mahdi Bazargan was an Iranian scholar. He protested against the Shah regime in Iran. He was jailed many times for political reasons. Bazargan was Iran's first prime minister after the Iranian Revolution in 1979. He was against the United States Embassy hostage taking. He was also against the continuation of Iran-Iraq war. He resigned on November 4, 1981. Bazargan died of a heart attack on January 20, 1995 when he was travelling from Tehran to Zürich, Switzerland.