title: William Taylor Adams

paragraphs: William Taylor Adams (July 30, 1822 - March 27, 1897) was an American writer and children's magazine editor. He used the pen name "Oliver Optic". Adams was born in Medway, Massachusetts.

paragraphs: In 1853, he wrote his first novel, "Hatchie, the Guardian Slave". Adams taught in the Boston public schools for many years. While teaching, he discovered what kinds of books boys liked best. In 1855, he wrote The Boat Club series for boys. This series was a great success. He wrote many more boys' series.

paragraphs: In 1865, he stopped teaching. He wanted to devote all his time to writing. He became editor of the children's magazines "The Student and Schoolmate", "Our Little Ones", and "". He served in the Massachusetts legislature for one year. Adams died at his home in Dorchester, Massachusetts in 1897.

paragraphs: Children's writer Louisa May Alcott did not like his books. She did not like the slang and settings such as saloons. Librarians did not like Adams's books either. They threw them away. They also threw away the books of other boys' writers. Adams kept writing boys' books though. He got good reviews from the critics. His books sold well. They were reprinted many times.


title: Alameda, California

paragraphs: The city was founded in 1853 as 3 smaller towns. At the west end it was called Woodstock. The east end was called Fernside. In the 1940s the land was filled to make Bay Farm Island.


title: Earl Klugh

paragraphs: Earl Klugh (pronounced "Clue"; September 16, 1953) is an American smooth jazz musician who also plays R&B. He began his career around 1970 at age sixteen. He is also known for songwriting. Klugh was born in Detroit.


title: Britain's Next Top Model, Cycle 6

paragraphs: Britain's Next Top Model, Cycle 6 is the sixth season of "Britain's Next Top Model". This cycle includes 14 contestants. The winner was 18-year-old Tiffany Pisani.


title: Duck typing

paragraphs: In computer programming with object-oriented programming languages, duck typing is a way to write computer code. It doesn't demand that you know what types you are writing about. If it does what you thought it would do, it is good enough. The reason this is called "duck typing" is the duck test.

paragraphs: It was invented by James Whitcomb Riley:


title: Ivan Urgant

paragraphs: Ivan Andreevich Urgant (, born 16 April 1978) is a Russian television personality, showman, and an actor.

paragraphs: He is known for hosting various TV shows, including:


title: Alan Tacher

paragraphs: Alan Tacher (born March 28, 1968 in Mexico City) is a Mexican television presenter. He is part of the main cast of Univision's morning program "Despierta América".


title: Gustave Boulanger

paragraphs: Gustave Boulanger (1824-1888) was a French painter. He is mostly known for his paintings of oriental style.


title: Judith Rakers

paragraphs: Judith Rakers (born 6 January 1976 in Paderborn, Germany) is a German journalist and television presenter.

paragraphs: Rakers grew up in Bad Lippspringe with her single father. She graduated from the . She studied journalism and communication studies, German philology and modern and contemporary history at the University of Münster. At the same time, Rakers worked as a radio presenter at the -local radio stations; and .

paragraphs: From January 2004 to 17 January 2010, Rakers presented the "Hamburg Journal" for local TV station Norddeutscher Rundfunk.

paragraphs: Since 2005, Rakers has presented the "Tagesschau" news programme on ARD, as well as reading the news in the "Tagesthemen", "Nachtmagazin" and "Morgenmagazin".

paragraphs: In addition to the "Tagesschau", Rakers also presents Radio Bremen's talk show "3 nach 9".

paragraphs: On 14 May 2011 she hosted the Eurovision Song Contest 2011 in Düsseldorf, Germany together with Stefan Raab and Anke Engelke.


title: Stian Barsnes-Simonsen

paragraphs: Stian Barsnes-Simonsen (born 20 April 1979 in Bergen) is a Norwegian actor and television presenter of "Amigo", "Midt i smørøyet" and "Melodi Grand Prix".

paragraphs: "Melodi Grand Prix Junior 2006" (with Nadia Hasnaoui)


title: Erik Solbakken

paragraphs: Erik Solbakken (born 17 November 1984 in Hemsedal) is a Norwegian television presenter. Solbakken hosted the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 together with Haddy Jatou N'jie and Nadia Hasnaoui.

paragraphs: He has hosted multiple children's shows including "Barne-tv", "Julemorgen","Krem Nasjonal", and "Superkviss", as well as "Barnetimen for de minste" on NRK P2.

paragraphs: Erik Solbakken hosted the prestigious Idrettsgallaen with Haddy N'Jie 2010 from Hamar.

paragraphs: In 2010 he is Ready for one more golden moment - "Popstokk", the Norwegian version of "BattlePop", airing spring prime time Friday nights at NRK.

paragraphs: In 2011, he hosted the Eurovision Young Dancers competition 2011.


title: Haddy N'jie

paragraphs: Haddy Jatou N'jie (born 25 June 1979 in Oslo) is a Norwegian singer, songwriter, writer and journalist. Her father is Gambian and her mother is Norwegian. She grew up in Kolbotn near Oslo and is the eldest of five siblings.

paragraphs: N'jie has worked as a reporter for "Dagsrevyen" and columnist for "Dagbladet". She hosted the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 with Erik Solbakken and Nadia Hasnaoui. She hosted the 2010 annual telethon on Norway's largest TV channel NRK 1 which she also co-hosted in 2009.

paragraphs: Haddy N'jie has toured Norway several times, both as a solo artist and as part of the group comedy Queendom, consisting of herself and four other black Norwegian women, all sharing in part African backgrounds. Much of the group's material lampoons either Norwegians or Africans.

paragraphs: When Norway held a national ceremony of remembrance on August 21 for the 77 victims of the worst attacks on the country since World War Two, the TV broadcast was hosted by N'jie.

paragraphs: In 2012 she co-hosted the prestigious sports award show Idrettsgallaen from Hamar Olympic Amphitheatre together with Anne Rimmen. The show was broadcasted on NRK.


title: Tony's Cronies

paragraphs: Tony's Cronies was a name in British politics and media given to people who were viewed by them as being given places of power because they were friends with Prime Minister, Tony Blair during his premiership between 1997 and 2005.


title: David Unaipon

paragraphs: David Unaipon (born David Ngunaitponi; 28 September 1872 – 7 February 1967) was an indigenous Australian preacher, inventor, writer and activist. He was a member of the Ngarrindjeri nation. He was born at Point McLeay, a Lutheran mission located on the mouth of the Murray River southeast of Adelaide. He preached widely throughout South Australia, often travelling on foot. He became the first Aboriginal Australian to publish a written work in English.

paragraphs: Unaipon's portrait is featured on the Australian $50 bank note in commemoration.

paragraphs: David Unaipon was born on 28 September 1872, at the Point McLeay mission in the Coorong region of South Australia. His father was James Ngunaitponi and his mother's name was probably Nymbulda. James and Nymbulda had nine children, and David was the fourth. He began his education at the age of seven at the Point McLeay Mission School and quickly became known for his intelligence. Unaipon left school at 13 to work as a servant for C. B. Young in Adelaide, where Young encouraged Unaipon's interest in literature, philosophy, science and music. In 1890, he returned to Point Mcleay, where he worked as an apprentice bootmaker. He was also chosen as the mission's organist. In the late 1890s, he travelled again to Adelaide to find work. He discovered, however, that his skin colour stopped him getting work in bootmaking and instead took a job as a bootmaker's storeman.

paragraphs: After returning to Point McLeay, Unaipon worked as a book-keeper in the local store. On 4 January 1902, he married Katherine Carter (née Sumner), a Ngarrindjeri woman of the Tangane tribe.

paragraphs: Unaipon took out provisional patents for 19 inventions, but he could not afford to get any of his inventions fully patented. His most successful invention was a shearing machine (provisional patent 15 624) that converted curvilineal motions into the straight-line movement that is the basis of modern mechanical shears. Unaipon never received any money from it, however. Apart from a newspaper report in 1910 acknowledging him as the inventor, he received no credit.

paragraphs: Unaipon became well-known as an inventor, and a recognised authority on ballistics. Other inventions of his included a centrifugal motor, a multi-radial wheel and a mechanical propulsion tool. He drew many of his ideas for mechanical inventions, including a helicopter design based on the principle of the boomerang. He also spent a large amount of time trying to achieve perpetual motion.

paragraphs: Unaipon was a Christian for all of his life. After he married, he worked for the Aborigines' Friends' Association as a "deputationer", in which he travelled widely throughout South Australia preaching for the Point McLeay Mission. He modelled his teachings on the Bible-based style of the missionaries who had taught him. He believed that the traditional Aboriginal and Christian spiritualities were basically the same.

paragraphs: His travels brought him into contact with many people sympathetic with the cause of Aboriginal rights. Although Unaipon was much in demand as a public speaker, he was also often refused accommodation and hospitality due to his race. He gradually became well-known in public life as a spokesman for Aboriginal Australians. Between 1928 and 1929, he helped as a researcher and witness for the Bleakley Inquiry into Aboriginal welfare. In 1934, he lobbied the federal government to take over responsibility for Aborigines from its constituent states.

paragraphs: Unaipon retired from preaching in 1959 but continued working on his inventions into the 1960s.

paragraphs: Unaipon was the first Australian Aboriginal to publish a written work in English. He wrote many articles in newspapers and magazines, including "The Daily Telegraph", in which he retold traditional Dreaming stories and argued for the rights of Aboriginal people. Some of Unaipon's traditional stories were published in book in 1930, called "Myths and Legends of the Australian Aboriginals". It was published under the name of anthropologist William Ramsay Smith. They were republished in their original form in 2006, under the author's name, as "Legendary Tales of the Australian Aborigines".

paragraphs: Unaipon was obsessed with correct English. When speaking, he tended to use classical English rather than using the common style of his time. His written language followed the style of John Milton and John Bunyan.

paragraphs: Unaipon returned to his Point Mcleay in his old age. He worked more on his inventions and tried to find the secret of perpetual motion. He died in the Tailem Bend Hospital on 7 February 1967, and was buried in the Raukkan (formerly Point McLeay) Mission Cemetery. David was the last full-blooded member of the Waruwaldi tribe.

paragraphs: Several things are named after him in commemoration:


title: Liseberg

paragraphs: Liseberg is an amusement park in Gothenburg, Sweden. Liseberg is one of the most visited amusement parks in Scandinavia.

paragraphs: Liseberg opened on 8 May 1923. In 2005, Liseberg was chosen as one of the top ten amusement parks in the world by "Forbes Magazine". In 2010 Liseberg was Sweden's most popular point of interest. Many famous people have been to Liseberg, including Michael Jackson in 1988.

paragraphs: Liseberg attracts about 3 million visitors each year. It is open for the summer season from April til the middle of October. In the winter it's open from November til the end of December.

paragraphs: Atmosfear is the tallest free fall attraction in Europe. The tower is 116 metres high. The top is 146 meters above sea level. It takes about 90 seconds to reach the top. In the beginning it was an elevator that gave you a view of Gothenburg. In 2010 it was rebuilt to be a free fall attraction. There is only one other attraction in the world that can be compared with Atmosfear, the Giant drop in Australia.

paragraphs: Balder is the biggest and most famous roller coaster. Balder is built of wood. Many times it has been voted the world’s best wooden roller coaster. Balder is 36 meters high an 1070 meters long.

paragraphs: FlumeRide is another very popular ride. It’s a water ride and you go in logs. The ride opened in 1973. In the summer season of 2002 they had a contest to see who could go in the ride longest time. After 9 days, 7 hours and 42 minutes they had a winner. The ride is 610 meters long.

paragraphs: Kanonen is the only roller coaster on Liseberg with a loop. It was built in 2005. You reach the top speed 75 km/h after 1.84 seconds. The ride is 50 seconds and 440 meters long.

paragraphs: "Helix" is a roller coaster coming for 2014. It will be 130 seconds and 1,381 meters long. The top speed is about .


title: Rip Van Winkle

paragraphs: "Rip Van Winkle" is a short story by Washington Irving. It was first published in Irving's "The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent." in June 1819. Irving wrote the story one night while staying with his sister's family in Birmingham, England. He read it to his hosts at breakfast the next morning. It was one of the first stories Irving proposed for "The Sketch Book". The story is similar to a German story called "Karl Katz". "Rip Van Winkle" has been adapted to theater, cartoons, television, and other media many times.

paragraphs: Rip Van Winkle is a lazy, happy Dutchman. He's a henpecked husband; a man who is being constantly nagged by his wife. He lives in a quiet village near the Catskill Mountains in North America. One day he wanders into the mountains with his dog Wolf. In a lonely place, he meets the ghosts of Henry Hudson and his men. They give him a strange drink. He falls asleep for 20 years. When he wakes, he learns that the American Revolution has been fought and won. His family and friends welcome him home to the village.


title: Anaid Iplicjian

paragraphs: Anaid Iplicjian (born 24 October 1935 in Berlin) is a German actress. Her family is from Armenia. After studying at the Mozarteum Academy in Salzburg she has been a member of the Graz (Austria), Wiesbaden, the State Theatre Hannover and the Burgtheater (Vienna) companies. A free-lance actress since 1970, she has been working on Frankfurt/Main, Hamburg, Berlin, Munich and Vienna stages. Also appearing many times in German and Austrian television. She was the presenter of the Eurovision Song Contest 1957. She is married to theater director Herbert Krneppel.


title: Nargiz Birk-Petersen

paragraphs: Nargiz Birk-Petersen (; née Nargiz Abbaszadeh, born 1976) is an Azerbaijani television presenter and commentator. On 22, 24 and 26 May 2012 she hosted the Eurovision Song Contest 2012 in Baku, Azerbaijan together with Eldar Gasimov and Leyla Aliyeva.

paragraphs: Nargiz Birk-Petersen's mother is Maleyka Abbaszadeh, the head of the State Committee for Student Admission of Azerbaijan. She has a sister named Nigar. At the age of 16, Nargiz had her first experience in television. During her student years, Nargiz also worked for Student TV at her "alma mater" Khazar University, as a reporter of an English language news program for the company. Later Nargiz studied law in the United States, where she had a modelling career to provide financial support for her studies. She continued to practice law in the United States and Russia. She was head of the department of public relations for the Baku bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics.

paragraphs: She is married to Ulrik Birk-Petersen. They live in Copenhagen, Denmark with their two children.


title: Leyla Aliyeva (presenter)

paragraphs: Leyla Aliyeva (, born 1986 in Baku) is an Azerbaijani television presenter. On 22, 24 and 26 May 2012 she hosted the Eurovision Song Contest 2012 in Baku, Azerbaijan together with Eldar Gasimov and Nargiz Birk-Petersen.

paragraphs: Leyla Aliyeva graduated from the Baku Academy of Music with a degree in choral directing and has a master's degree in music. In 2004, while in her first year of undergraduate studies, she was hired by İTV to work for the channel's Department of Music, Arts and Entertainment. In 2007, she began covering Eurovision news and soon became a member of İTV's Eurovision organising committee. Aliyeva also served as the spokesperson of Azerbaijan announcing the country's first voting results in its debut at the Eurovision Song Contest 2008 in Belgrade, Serbia. She hosted the Azerbaijani national Eurovision selection tours alongside Husniyya Maharramova in 2011 and 2012.

paragraphs: She is married to another İTV employee, who works there as a director and has a daughter.


title: Leyla Aliyeva

paragraphs: Leyla Aliyeva (, born July 3, 1985) is the first daughter of the President of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev. She is editor-in-chief of style magazine "Baku".

paragraphs: According to her personal website, Aliyeva was born in Moscow on 3 July 1985. However, her listing as a director at Companies House in London gives her date of birth as 1984. She studied at a private girls' school in London, Queens College; she left the school in 2000. She entered the European Business School.

paragraphs: From 2006 to 2008, Leyla Aliyeva pursued a Masters Degree at the Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO). She was the Chairwoman of the Azerbaijan Club at MGIMO until 2010.

paragraphs: In July 2011, the "Taraggi" (Progress) Medal was conferred upon Leyla Aliyeva for her contributions to the development of Azerbaijan-Russian relations.

paragraphs: Leyla is married to businessman and singer Emin Agalarov. She has twin sons, Ali and Mikail, who were born in 2008.

paragraphs: In 2010 Washington Post reported that Leyla along with her sister Arzu and brother Heydar own real estate in Dubai that is worth about US$75 million.


title: Sabina Babayeva

paragraphs: Sabina Babayeva (, born 2 December 1979, Baku) is an Azerbaijani singer. She represented Azerbaijan in the grand final of the Eurovision Song Contest 2012, held in Baku, Azerbaijan, on 26 May 2012, with the song "When the Music Dies", as the 13th act, she came fourth overall.


title: Britain's Next Top Model, Cycle 1

paragraphs: Britain's Next Top Model, Cycle 1 is the first season of "Britain's Next Top Model". This cycle includes 12 contestants. The winner was 20-year-old Lucy Ratcliffe.

paragraphs: In addition, the winner got another contract with Beatrice Models


title: Helga Guitton

paragraphs: Helga Guitton (born 18 December 1942) is a German radio and television presenter. She was a disc jockey on Radio Luxemburg. She was the presenter of the Eurovision Song Contest 1973.


title: Hanne Sørvaag

paragraphs: Hanne Margrethe Sørvaag (December 27, 1979) is a Norwegian singer and songwriter. She later moved to Stockholm, Sweden. She released her first studio record "You Know Me" under the name Paris in 2002. That gave her three hits in Norway. Her second record, "Talk of the Town", was released in 2006 under her own name. She also writes songs for other musicians.


title: Lousado

paragraphs: Lousado is a freguesia in Portugal in the Vila Nova de Famalicão concelho. It covers 5.61 km² (2.17 sq. mi.). It has a 3,725 people (2001). Its population density is 664.0 people per km² (1,720 per sq. mi.).


title: Shifting cultivation

paragraphs: Shifting cultivation is an agricultural system in which areas of land are cultivated for a short time.Shifting cultivation is practised in the thickly forested areas of Amazon basin,tropical Africa,parts of southeast Asia and northeast India. These are areas of heavy rainfall and quick regenerating of vegetation. Then they are left to grow back their natural vegetation, while the farmer moves to another area. It is practised in forested areas of the Amazon basin.It is one of the rudimentary forms of cultivation.

paragraphs: After cultivation a plot of land is cleared by felling the trees and burning them.The ashes are then mixed with the soil and crops like maize,yam,potatoes and cassava are grown. After the soil looses its fertility, the land is abandoned and the cultivator moves to a new plot.

paragraphs: Because the soil is no longer protected from the large trees in the rainforest system, it can be ruined easily by thick rain and too much sun.

paragraphs: One of the main problems with shifting cultivation is that the land is ruined after being used 3 to 4 times, which means that the areas of land are abandoned and not prepared to grow again- and the rainforest becomes smaller with each preparation for a new piece of land.

paragraphs: Shifting cultivation is also known as slash and burn agriculture.


title: Pablo Longueira

paragraphs: Juan Pablo Longueira Montes (born August 12, 1958 in Osorno) is a Chilean politician and industrial civil engineer. He has been the Minister of Economy, Development and Tourism of Chile since 2011. He is a member of the Independent Democratic Union (UDI), a right-wing political party. He was a Senator before being appointed by President Sebastián Piñera to serve in the Cabinet. He was a deputy from 1990 until 2006.

paragraphs: On March 30, 2007, Longueira began his candidacy for President in the 2009 presidential election. However, he cancelled that on May 3. On April 29, 2013, Longueira was nominated by the UDI as its candidate for the 2013 presidential election, replacing Laurence Golborne.

paragraphs: Longueira is married to Cecilia Brinkmann Estévez. He has seven children.


title: Osorno

paragraphs: Osorno is a city and commune in southern Chile. It is the capital of Osorno Province in the Los Lagos Region. It had a population of 145,475 as of the 2002 census. It is south of the national capital of Santiago, north of the regional capital of Puerto Montt and west of the Argentine city of San Carlos de Bariloche, connected via International Route 215 through the Cardenal Antonio Samoré Pass.

paragraphs: Osorio is at the confluence of Rahue and Damas River. It is the main service centre of agriculture and cattle farming in the northern Los Lagos Region. The city's cultrual heritage has Spanish, Huilliche and German influences.


title: Álvaro Gómez

paragraphs: Álvaro Gómez González (born 24 December 1980 in Osorno) is a Chilean actor and theatre director.


title: Eduardo Barril

paragraphs: Eduardo Andrés Barril Villalobos (born July 7, 1941 in Puerto Montt) is a Chilean actor and theatre director.


title: Paulo Garcés

paragraphs: Paulo Andrés Garcés Contreras (born August 2, 1984 in Parral) is a Chilean footballer.


title: Apollonius of Rhodes

paragraphs: Apollonius of Rhodes was a Greek poet. He wrote "Argonautica". This is an epic poem. It is about Jason, the Argonauts, and the Golden Fleece. His other poems survive only in small pieces. These poems are about the beginnings of cities. Apollonius was a librarian at the Library of Alexandria. He lived and died in the first half of third century BC.


title: The City of New York vs. Homer Simpson

paragraphs: "The City of New York vs. Homer Simpson" is the first episode of the ninth season of "The Simpsons". It first aired on September 21, 1997. In this episode, the Simpson family travels to New York City to get back their family car, which had been taken by Homer's friend Barney Gumble after a night out and left in the World Trade Center plaza. While his family tours the city, Homer goes through problems while trying to get back the car.

paragraphs: After the September 11 attacks, the episode was taken off syndication because of the World Trade Center's role in the episode. It has come back in recent years.


title: Conrad Hilton

paragraphs: Conrad Nicholson Hilton (December 25, 1887 – January 3, 1979) was an American businessman. He founded the Hilton Hotels chain.

paragraphs: Hilton was born in San Antonio, New Mexico. His father, Augustus Halvorsen "Gus" Hilton, was an immigrant from Norway. His mother, Mary Genevieve (née Laufersweiler), was an American of German descent. Hilton had eight siblings.

paragraphs: Hilton attended school in New Mexico. He was a member of the international fraternity Tau Kappa Epsilon. In his early twenties, Hilton was a Republican representative in the first New Mexico Legislature, when the state was new. He was in the U.S. Army for two years during World War I.

paragraphs: When he was a boy, Hilton worked at his father's general store in Socorro County, New Mexico. Later he was a representative in New Mexico's first state legislature.

paragraphs: Hilton went to Texas to buy a bank. Instead, in 1919, he bought the 40-room Mobley Hotel in Cisco, Texas. The hotel did very good business. The dining room was changed into more rooms to make room for more guests.

paragraphs: Hilton later bought and built hotels all over Texas. His hotels included the Dallas Hilton (opened in 1925), the Abilene Hilton (opened in 1927), the Waco Hilton in 1928, and the El Paso Hilton in 1930. The first hotel he built outside of Texas was in 1939 in Albuquerque, New Mexico. That hotel became Hotel Andaluz. During the Great Depression, Hilton almost had to go into bankruptcy. He lost several of his hotels. He continued to manage hotels, even when he didn't own them. He eventually got his hotels back.

paragraphs: During the next decade he opened hotels in California, Chicago, and New York. The hotels included the Stevens Hotel in Chicago (then the world's largest hotel), and the famous Waldorf-Astoria in New York. In 1946, he started the Hilton Hotels Corporation. In 1948, he started the Hilton International Company.

paragraphs: In the 1950s and 1960s, Hilton expanded his business worldwide. He created the first international hotel chain. Hilton eventually owned 188 hotels in thirty-eight cities in the United States. His hotels included the Mayflower Hotel in Washington, D. C., the Palmer House in Chicago, the Plaza Hotel and Waldorf-Astoria in New York City, and fifty-four hotels outside the United States. He later bought the Carte Blanche Credit Company, part of the American Crystal Sugar Company, and other businesses.

paragraphs: Hilton received honorary degrees from the University of Detroit (1953), DePaul University (1954), Barat College (1955), Adelphi College (1957), Sophia University, Tokyo (1963), and the University of Albuquerque (1975). His autobiography, "Be My Guest", was published in 1957. In 1966, Hilton was elected chairman of the board. His son Barron took over as president.

paragraphs: In 1925, Hilton married Mary Adelaide Barron. They had three children: Conrad Nicholson "Nicky" Hilton, Jr., William Barron Hilton, and Eric Michael Hilton. They divorced in 1934.

paragraphs: In 1942, Hilton married actress Zsa Zsa Gabor. They had one child: Constance Francesca Hilton. They divorced in 1946.

paragraphs: In 1976, Hilton married Mary Frances Kelly. Their marriage lasted until his death in 1979.

paragraphs: In 1979, Hilton died of natural causes at the age of 91. He is buried at Calvary Hill Cemetery in Dallas, Texas.

paragraphs: Conrad Hilton is the great grandfather of Paris Hilton and Nicky Hilton.


title: Rubber Duck (sculpture)

paragraphs: Rubber Duck is a floating sculpture designed by Dutch artist Florentijn Hofman. It is the largest rubber duck in the world.


title: Abu Dhabi (emirate)

paragraphs: Abu Dhabi (, "ʼAbū Ẓaby") is one of the emirates that make up the United Arab Emirates. It is the largest of the seven. The capital city of UAE, Abu Dhabi, is in this emirate. Al Ain is Abu Dhabi's second largest urban area with a population of 348,000 (as of the 2003 census estimate).


title: Heket

paragraphs: Heket was an Egyptian goddess of life and fertility. She took form of a frog. She was the ender to chaos, and she was the mother of the tree God Heral .


title: Dubai (emirate)

paragraphs: Dubai () is one of the seven emirates in the United Arab Emirates. The main city of the emirate is Dubai. The city is sometimes called "Dubai City" to prevent it from being confused with the emirate.

paragraphs: Dubai is the second largest emirate in the UAE after Abu Dhabi. The emirate is on the Persian Gulf, southwest of Sharjah and northeast of Abu Dhabi. The town of Hatta is an exclave of the emirate of Dubai. It borders nearby Oman.

paragraphs: Dubai's economy is different from other members of the UAE because income from oil is only 6% of its gross domestic product.

paragraphs: On 8 January 1820, the sheikh of Dubai was one of the people who signed the British sponsored "General Treaty of Peace" (the General Maritime Treaty).

paragraphs: In 1833, the Al Maktoum dynasty of the Bani Yas tribe settled at Dubai creek. From that point on, Dubai was a newly independent emirate. It was always struggling with the emirate of Abu Dhabi. An attempt by the Qawasim pirates to take over Dubai was stopped. In 1835, Dubai and the rest of the Trucial States signed a maritime truce with Britain and a "Perpetual Maritime Truce" about twenty years later. Dubai came under the protection of the United Kingdom (keeping out the Ottoman Turks) by the Exclusive Agreement of 1892. Like four of its neighbours, Abu Dhabi, Ras al-Khaimah, Sharjah and Umm al-Qaiwain, its being on the way to India made it an important place.

paragraphs: In March 1892, the Trucial States (or Trucial Oman) were created.

paragraphs: After the Gulf Rupee lost value in 1966, Dubai joined the newly independent state of Qatar to set up a new monetary unit, the Qatar/Dubai riyal. Oil was discovered 120 kilometres off the coast of Dubai, after which the town granted oil concessions.

paragraphs: On 2 December 1971 Dubai formed the United Arab Emirates, together with Abu Dhabi and five other emirates. This was done after former protector Britain left the Persian Gulf in 1971. In 1973, Dubai joined the other emirates to adopt a single, uniform currency: the UAE dirham.

paragraphs: Oil supply in Dubai is less than 1/20th as much as the emirate of Abu Dhabi, and oil money is now only a small part of the city's total money. Dubai and its twin across the Dubai creek, Deira (independent at that time), became important ports of call for Western manufacturers. Most of the new city's banking and financial centers were in this area. Dubai kept its importance as a trade route through the 1970s and 1980s. The city of Dubai has a free trade in gold and till the 1990s was the center of a "brisk smuggling trade" of gold ingots to India, where gold import was restricted.

paragraphs: Today, Dubai is an important place for tourists and port (Jebel Ali, built in the 1970s, has the biggest man-made harbour in the world), but also increasingly becoming a center for service industries such as IT and finance, with the new Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC). Transport links are helped by its rapidly-expanding Emirates Airline, made by the government in 1985 and still state-owned. The airline is based at Dubai International Airport and carries over 12 million passengers every year.

paragraphs: The government has set up industry-specific free zones throughout the city. Dubai Internet City, now combined with Dubai Media City as part of TECOM (Dubai Technology, Electronic Commerce and Media Free Zone Authority) is one such enclave whose members include IT firms such as EMC Corporation, Oracle, Microsoft, and IBM, and media organisations such as MBC, CNN, Reuters, ARY and AP. Dubai Marina is a master plan development by EMAAR which will be the worlds largest marina when complete. Dubai Knowledge Village (KV) is an education and training hub is also set up to complement the Free Zone’s other two clusters, Dubai Internet city and Dubai Media City, by providing the facilities to train the clusters' future knowledge

paragraphs: Dubai had a property boom when they announced freehold property resulting in large capital investments. With the global recession property prices have fallen dramatically.


title: Savka Pollak

paragraphs: Savka Nevenka Pollak Tomasevic (born 31 August 1973 in Santiago) is a Chilean journalist and television presenter of German, Polish and Croatian origin.


title: TV+

paragraphs: TV+ (known until 2018 as UCV Televisión, whose letters stand for Universidad Católica de Valparaíso Televisión) is a Chilean television network.


title: Avast!

paragraphs: Avast! is a brand of antivirus software. It is a free downloadable software that is compatible with Windows XP through Windows 10. It has many features, Avast! Cloud services and upgrades can be bought from inside the program. There are no PC maintenance features. In May 2013, it was the top download of free antivirus of Softonic.


title: Humility Cooper

paragraphs: Humility Cooper (c. 1619 - prior to 1651) was a passenger on the ship "Mayflower" in 1620. She was born in Holland to Robert and Joan (Gresham) Cooper of Henlow, Bedfordshire, England about 1619.

paragraphs: Cooper sailed to the New World with her uncle and aunt, Edward and Ann (Cooper) Tilley. The Tilleys died during their first winter in the New World.

paragraphs: Humility, and her aunt and uncle left Plymouth, England on 16 September 1620. On 19 November 1620, the "Mayflower" reached land at Cape Cod hook. They landed on November 21. They wrote the Mayflower Compact, which made rules on how they would live and treat each other. John Tilley was a signer. The "Mayflower" was supposed to land in Virginia Colony, but the ship was too damaged and they were forced to land at Cape Cod now called Provincetown Harbor.

paragraphs: Cooper received one acre of land when land was divided among the Pilgrims in 1623 She was included in the Edward Winslow family. She was also included in the Brewster family when the livestock were divided in 1627 so she lived with them for a time.

paragraphs: In 1651 William Bradford wrote about her saying she "was sent for into England and there died". She was baptized in London on 17 March 1638 when she was aged 19. It is unknown whether she married or had children. Cooper died before 1651.


title: Resolved White

paragraphs: Resolved White (16151687) was a passenger on the "Mayflower". Resolved was the oldest child and given his name as the family "resolved" or "determined" to make a new life for themselves. They were Separatists and did not believe in the teachings of the Church of England.

paragraphs: Resolved left Plymouth, England on 16 September 1620. There were 102 passengers and 30–40 crew. On 19 November 1620, the "Mayflower" spotted land. The "Mayflower" was supposed to land in Virginia Colony, but the ship was too damaged and they were forced to land at Cape Cod now called Provincetown Harbor. They landed on November 21. They wrote the Mayflower Compact, which made rules on how they would live and treat each other.

paragraphs: William White, died in 1621. Resolved's mother married Edward Winslow, another "Mayflower" passenger. The family grew and he had five step-brothers and sisters. One of his step-brothers became Plymouth Colony Governor Josiah Winslow.

paragraphs: When Resolved became a young man he was given 100 acres of land and later he was granted more land. In 1658 he was made a Freeman of Plymouth Colony. This gave him many rights such as the right to vote.

paragraphs: In 1676, Resolved was a soldier in King Philip's War of 1676 and in 1680.

paragraphs: White married Judith Vassall in 1640. They had seven children: William, John, ResolvedSamuel, Anna, Josiah, Susanna,

paragraphs: White died in 1687 at Winslow Cemetery and was bured by his first wife Judith. The burial place of his second wife Abigail is unknown. There is also a monument in the Winslow Cemetery to "The Settlers of Green Harbor Marshfield" with Resolved White, his wife Judith, and his brother Peregrine White are mentioned.


title: America's Next Top Model (season 14)

paragraphs: America's Next Top Model, Cycle 14 is the fourteenth season of "America's Next Top Model". This cycle includes 13 contestants. The winner was 24-year-old Krista White from Pine Bluff, Arkansas.


title: Giulio Andreotti

paragraphs: Giulio Andreotti (January 14, 1919 – May 6, 2013) was an Italian politician of the Christian Democracy party. He was the 41st Prime Minister of Italy from 1972 to 1973, from 1976 to 1979 and from 1989 to 1992. He was also Minister of the Interior (1954 and 1978), Defense Minister (1959–1966 and 1974) and Foreign Minister (1983–1989). He was a Senator for life from 1991 until his death in 2013. He was also a journalist and author.

paragraphs: Andreotti was born on January 14, 1919 in Rome, Italy. He studied at the University of Rome La Sapienza. Andreotti was married to Livia Danese from 1945 until his death in 2013. They had four children. Andreotti died on May 6, 2013 in Rome from respiratory complications, aged 94.


title: Ray Harryhausen

paragraphs: Raymond "Ray" Harryhausen (June 29, 1920 – May 7, 2013) was an American visual effects creator, writer, and producer. He lived in London, England, from 1960 until his death in 2013. He won an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects for the 1949 movie "Mighty Joe Young". His final work featured in the movie Clash of the Titans.

paragraphs: Harryhausen was born on June 29, 1920 in Los Angeles, California to a German family. He was married to Diana Livingstone Bruce from 1963 until his death in 2013. Harryhausen died on May 7, 2013 in his home in London, England from natural causes, aged 92.


title: Same-sex marriage in the United States

paragraphs: Same-sex marriage is recognized in all of the United States. As of May 2014, same-sex marriage was legal in 19 states: California, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Iowa, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, Oregon, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont and Washington. It was also legal in Washington, D.C.. On June 26, 2015, the United States Supreme Court ruled that same-sex marriage is legal in all states, because of the 14th Amendment.

paragraphs: The movement to give marriage rights and benefits to homosexual couples in the United States began in the 1970s. It grew in United States politics around 1993 when the Supreme Court of Hawaii declared the prohibition in that state to be unconstitutional. It was not until around the 21st century that public support for same-sex marriage began growing. On May 9, 2012, Barack Obama was the first President to declare public support for the legalization of same-sex marriage. On June 26, 2015 the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that Section 3 of the Defense of Marriage Act is unconstitutional (see United States v. Windsor). That section prevented the federal government from recognizing marriages other than marriages between one man and one woman.


title: Saab JAS 39 Gripen

paragraphs: The Saab JAS 39 Gripen is a fourth-generation fighter aircraft.

paragraphs: It was created by Saab, a Swedish aerospace company, for use in the Swedish Air Force. The decision for a new aircraft system was made by the Minister of Defence, Torsten Gustafsson. It was approved by Parliament in 1982.

paragraphs: The Gripen is one of the first multi-role combat aircraft that can be used for fighter, attack and reconnaissance missions as well as switching between them during flight, hence the name of the JAS 39. ‘J’ stands for the initial of the Swedish language word for "Hunting", meaning attack against air targets, "attack" to attack ground and sea targets, and ‘S’ stands for the Swedish word for "reconnaissance", to take photos and films. The name "Gripen" is the result of a contest held in the early 1980s, and means ‘griffin’.

paragraphs: The Gripen aircraft fighter system has for years been the backbone in the Swedish air force. Recently the Swedish government decided to acquire the latest version of the system, Gripen E, and Saab signed an agreement with the Swedish Defence Material Administration about development and modification of Gripen E.


title: Thames Ditton

paragraphs: Thames Ditton is a village in Elmbridge, Surrey.


title: Sylvia Browne

paragraphs: Sylvia Celeste Shoemaker (known as Sylvia Browne; October 19, 1936 – November 20, 2013) was an American writer and a self-acclaimed psychic. Her predictions began around 1974. She appears on talk shows. She has had her own hour-long radio talk show. In March 2011, Sylvia had a heart attack while in the Hawaiian Islands.

paragraphs: Browne has been the subject of frequent criticism for making psychic predictions that were later proven false. These have included several predictions related to missing persons, most notably Shawn Hornbeck and Amanda Berry.

paragraphs: She was born in Kansas City, Missouri. Browne was Jewish.<ref name="CNN0103/06"></ref> Browne made many wrong predictions. She predicted that President Barack Obama would not be re-elected as President of the United States. (In September, she made a different prediction that Obama would be re-elected.) Obama won the presidential election in November with 51.06% of the national popular vote and 62% of the electoral college.

paragraphs: In May 2003, she told Larry King in an interview that she would die at the age of 88. Browne died on November 20, 2013 in San Jose, California from heart failure with her husband and children by her side, aged 77.


title: Martín Cárcamo

paragraphs: Martín Andrés Cárcamo Papic (born April 21, 1975 in Viña del Mar) is a Chilean television presenter and actor of Basque and Croat origin.

paragraphs: He debuted in television on the Chilean TV channel Rock & Pop where he was the host of "Media Naranja" and "Noches de Verano". Later in 2004 he joined TVN, being the host of "Pasiones", replacing Felipe Camiroaga. In 2008 he replaced Rafael Araneda in "Rojo, Fama Contrafama". In 2009 was a judge of the Festival de Viña del Mar, and until recently he hosted "Calle 7".

paragraphs: In October 2010, it was announced that he left TVN to join rival channel "Canal 13", where he will start working in January 2011, at the end of his current contract.

paragraphs: As a theatre actor, Cárcamo was part of "Ellas Quieren y Él No Puede".


title: Francisca Imboden

paragraphs: Francisca María Imboden Fernández, (born July 31, 1972 in Viña del Mar) is a Chilean actress (movies, theater and television).

paragraphs: Francisca is the daughter of Juan Carlos Imboden and María Isabel Fernández. She and her sisters, Catalina and Ignacia, studied at College Français of Viña del Mar, an institution now known as Alliançe Française Jean D'Alambert. Today she is married to Chilean filmmaker Patricio Riesco. She has two daughters and a son.


title: Concerned Women for America

paragraphs: Concerned Women for America is a conservative Christian activist group in the United States. It is against abortion, sex education, contraception, feminism, pornography, stem cell research, and LGBT rights. CWA was founded by Beverly LaHaye, the wife of Christian minister Timothy LaHaye around 1979 as a response to activities from the National Organization for Women and a 1978 Barbara Walters interview with the feminist Betty Friedan. The president and CEO is Penny Young Nance.


title: Raúl Ruiz (director)

paragraphs: Raúl Ernesto Ruiz Pino (25 July 1941 – 19 August 2011) was an experimental Chilean movie maker, writer and teacher. His work is best known in France. He directed over 100 films.


title: Radamel Falcao

paragraphs: Radamel Falcao Garcia Zarate (born 10 February 1986 in Santa Marta, Colombia), mainly known as Radamel Falcao, is a Colombian footballer. He plays as a striker for Turkish club Galatasaray. He was named Falcao, in honor of Brazilian soccer player Paulo Roberto Falcao. Falcao is nicknamed "El Tigre" or The Tiger in Spanish. He is widely known because of his ability to score goals with both feet and with his head.

paragraphs: When he was 13 years old, he started to play at Fair Play, which is a Colombian soccer school. In his two years with the club, he played eight matches and scored once.

paragraphs: When he was 15 years old, Falcao was discovered by River Plate in a match of selection in Colombia to footballers of maximum 17 years old. He has joined one of the legendary academies of soccer in Argentina. Before singing a professional contract with River Plate in 2005, he began to study journalism at the Palermo University in Argentina. When he was 19 years old, he scored two goals at his first match with River Plate. He scored seven goals in seven games, which is a goal each game, before he injured his right knee ligaments at the end of the 2005 season. After a long period of inactivity, he was injured again in January 2006.

paragraphs: On 27 Spetember 2007, Falcao scored a hat-trick against Botafogo, which allowed River Plate to qualify for the quarterfinals of the Copa Sudamericana.

paragraphs: On August 16, 2009, Falcao scored his first goal for F.C. Porto against Paços de Ferreira. During the first season in Europe, he scored 25 goals in 28 matches of the Sagres League. He was the second best striker after Óscar Cardozo, another football player from the country of Paraguay. During the 2010-2011 season, Falcao scored 16 goals in 13 games in the European League, which is more than a goal each game.

paragraphs: In August 2011, he moved to Atlético Madrid for 40 million Euros. In December 2012, he was elected as the second best player from La Liga, the top division of Spanish Football.

paragraphs: In 2014, Falcao made a £16m loan move to Manchester United from French side Monaco . He was earning £190 000 per week but his season was met with injuries.

paragraphs: Falcao took part in the 2005 South American U-20 Championship which was held in his home country of Colombia. He won the tournament as well. On 3 June 2007, Falcao scored his first goal for the national team against Montenegro. He scored the only goal of that game. On 11 October 2013, he scored 2 penalties against Chile to help tie the match at 3-3 after losing 3-0. This result meant Colombia qualified for the World Cup for the first time since 1998. Falcao missed the 2014 World Cup because he was injured, but played in the 2018 World Cup and scored a goal against Poland. On 7 June 2017, Falcao became the Colombian national team top scorer, after scoring his 26th goal in a 2–2 draw with Spain.


title: Cœur de pirate

paragraphs: Béatrice Martin (born 22 September 1989), better known by her stage name Cœur de pirate, is a Canadian singer and a pianist. She is from Montreal.

paragraphs: Martin began taking piano lessons when she was 3 years old. She studied in the Conservatoire de Musique de Montreal for 5 years. At 15 years old, she was the pianist of the group December Strikes First.

paragraphs: In 2007, she had a song on MySpace and the group "Bonjour Brumaire" discovered her. After that, she started to sing and play piano with this group. She wrote her own song and left the group in 2008 to concentrate on her own success. She signed with the label Grosse boîte. Her first album, "Cœur de pirate" was released on 16 September 2008 in Canada and in 2009 in France. For this album, Cœur de pirate has been nominated for many awards. Her second album was released in November 2011. The name of the album is "Blonde". In 2011, she has made another album but with another group the Armistisce with the singer Jay Malinowski from the group "Bedouin Soundclash".

paragraphs: Martin has been nominated for two Juno Awards.

paragraphs: The Félix Awards are presented by the Association du disque, de l'industrie du spectacle québécois to artists from Quebec. Martin has won four awards from 13 nominations.

paragraphs: The "Victoires de la Musique" (Music's Victories) is an annual French award ceremony. Martin has won one award from four nominations.

paragraphs: Martin has been nominated for five Canadian Independent Music Awards, of which she has won one.


title: Creatine

paragraphs: Creatine is a combination of three non-essential amino acids. These are methionine, arginine and glycine. Creatine is used to produce adenosine triphosphate. The short word for Adenosine triphosphate is ATP. ATP is the energy of the human body. Creatine is already in the body as a natural substance and in some food (for example beef). The body changes creatine to phosphocreatine. It is then stored as energy in the muscles. The energy systems of the body are: aerobic, lactate and phosphocreatine. Most of the creatine is used in the lactate system and the phosphocreatine system because these two systems need more energy the aerobic system. They also take a part of the energy from the production or the absorption of creatine.

paragraphs: Creatine has two main effects: increase of muscles and increase the amount of protein synthesis. The increase comes from the water retention of cells that store creatine. For protein synthesis, it is not entirely known, but creatine can help with the recovery of muscle. During the time a body recovers from training, the creatine gives extra energy so the cells of the muscle can speed up the protein absorption of the cells.

paragraphs: The creatine is used by all the human body because it travels by the blood stream. The heart and the muscles are the main parts that use creatine cells. Most of the creatine production will be stored in the skeletal muscle because these muscles need a lot of energy and they need it quickly. The body produces about two grams of creatine per day. Only 90 to 95 percent of the human creatine production will travel in the blood stream. The five to ten percent that is not used is lost.


title: LEED

paragraphs: Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is a certification program for the design, construction and operation of high performance green buildings since 2002. This mark of excellence is known across the world and there are four levels of excellence. There are 100 possible base points distributed across five major credit categories: Sustainable Sites, Water Efficiency, Energy and Atmosphere, Materials and Resources, Indoor Environmental Quality, plus an additional six points for Innovation in Design and an additional four points for Regional Priority. Buildings can qualify for four levels of certification.

paragraphs: LEED is not a standard but an evaluation grid. LEED is a way to think up and realise art projects in a durable way. LEED only applies to buildings and not to products. It is not a prize but a certification that is delivered by the CaGBC (Canada Green Building Consil). They are the ones who will make sure that all the points are well applied and respected.

paragraphs: So, LEED is a grid that helps us obtain a maximum gain of money, health conditions and restrictions on earth pollution. If there is a house to build in Canada, we must do the excavation and that earth is usually brought to a landfill. But, if you want to stay within LEED standards, that earth must be left on the site. Also, if you have to demolish a building, you must use and demonstrate that you recycled all materials in the construction. Also, that you used the maximum quantity of material possible from the old building to the one being built.

paragraphs: There are several benefits but there are also disadvantages. The biggest disadvantage is the amount of money it takes to start a project. At first, it may seem expensive. If you look at it as a long term investment, though, a LEED project can save a good amount of money.

paragraphs: A 2008 white paper by the Leonardo Academy compared LEED-EB buildings to data from BOMA's Experience Exchange Report in 2007. This showed that LEED-EB certified buildings had better operating cost savings, in 63% of the buildings surveyed. It ranged from $4.94 to $15.59 per square foot of floor space, with an average valuation of $6.68 and a median valuation of $6.07.


title: Synchronized swimming

paragraphs: Synchronized swimming is a sport that is practiced in the water. It is a routine performed with music, like dancing. This sport is demanding because it needs cardio and muscular power. It also requires a good capacity of location in three dimensions in the water while the athletes are performing.

paragraphs: Synchronized swimming became an Olympic sport in 1884, in Los Angeles, with solo and duo routines. In Montreal, the first competition took place in 1924. Also, in 2000, they included team routines at Sydney’s Olympics. Synchronized swimming and rhythmic gymnastics are the only sports exclusively practiced by women at the Olympics.

paragraphs: In Quebec, the provincial competitions are organised by Synchro Quebec. There are three different events to accomplish at the competition. First, the swimmer does a flexibility test that will count for 30% of the results. Secondly, the swimmer presents two to four figures in front of judges, depending on the level. Finally, all the athletes present their routine in front of the judges; there are solo, duo, combo and team routines. Figure and routine will count for 70% of results.

paragraphs: In the USA there are many levels of competition including State, Regional, Zone, Age Group National, and US Junior and Senior Opens. In each competition, athletes are judged on their level and age. There are four levels that are determined by skill level: novice (beginners), intermediate, age group (advanced), and masters (over the age of 20). Within these levels, are groups according to age: 8 and under, 9-10, 11-12, 13-15, 16-17, and 18-19. During a competition, there can be two to three events to accomplish. During the figure test, a swimmer needs to perform four figures that vary from competition to competition and level to level in front of a panel of judges. The four judges will each give a score from 1-10. The scores from each panel are averaged and added up. The results from the figure test are 50% of the team's final routine score. The next event is routines, where the performer presents a routine to the judges. There are four different types, solo (one swimmer), duet (two swimmers), trio (three swimmers) and team (four to eight swimmers). Because the more people in a team routine, the harder it is to synchronize, a point will be added for each swimmer. Each routine has a certain length and certain elements that need to be included according to age and skill level. Occasionally, a large competition will have a flexibility test. For each team member who passes the test, a point will be added to the routine's final score.

paragraphs: To practice synchronized swimming, athletes need a swimsuit for training, a black suit for the figure test and a routine suit for each routine competition that fits with the music. For example, if an athlete is swimming a duet and a team routine, two different competition swimsuits will be needed. Also, they will need goggles and bathing cap for trainings. These are not allowed for routine competition, only for the figure test. Only a white or black bathing cap can be worn at the figure test, because the objective is to not recognise athletes. To keep hair up on their head during the routine competition, athletes make a bun that is held by bobby pins and edible gelatin. Girls put on make-up that fits with their swimsuits.

paragraphs: Finally, it is important for synchronized swimming athletes to train. Training can consolidate muscle endurance, cardio endurance and increase flexibility. It allows a better performance during competitions. Trainings are frequent and very demanding. Swimmers need to be at their best in competition because only few points can determine the first and the second place.


title: Boardwalk Empire

paragraphs: Boardwalk Empire is an American television show. It was created by Terrence Winter, who also created "The Sopranos". This television show is based on the novel "Boardwalk Empire: The Birth, High Times and the Corruption in Atlantic City" from Nelson Johnson. The show started on HBO on September 19, 2010. It has been running for three seasons, with a total of 36 episodes. A fourth season will start showing in the second half of 2013. On September 26, 2013, HBO announced that they were renewing the show for a fifth and final season starting in 2014. The producer is Mark Walhberg, who also produced the show "Entourage". The show is about one of the first boardwalks in Atlantic City and the rise to power of legendary notorious gangsters like Al Capone, Lucky Luciano and Nucky Johnson (called Nucky Thompson here).

paragraphs: The first episode was produced for US$18 million. "Boardwalk Empire" has been nominated for 30 Emmy Awards and has won 12 of them. It has also won the Golden Globe Award for best drama TV series. The series was in the top 30 to have ever played on national television. Some of the events of this show have a historical meaning like the Saint Valentine's Day Massacre. Most of the characters are based on real persons.

paragraphs: The story takes place in Atlantic City, New Jersey, during the Prohibition Era in the 1920s. It is about the life of main character Nucky Thompson. Thompson was a political figure and controlled a big part of Atlantic City during the 1920s and 1930s. Nucky has one younger brother named Eli who is also the sheriff of the place. During the first episode, alcohol is declared illegal so Nucky goes to bootlegging. He sees profit and a big opportunity there. He deals with corrupt politicians and mobsters from Chicago like Johnny Torrio (Al Capone mentor) and Arnold Rothstein most known for being a big gambler and New York kingpin. He also took an apprentice, Jimmy Darmody a young hero of the First World War, because he sees the potential in him. Nucky will have to deal with Nelson Kasper Van Alden a prohibition agent who watches his every move.


title: Citroën C6

paragraphs: The Citroën C6 is an automobile produced by Citroën. It replaced the XM in 2005. This car was used by former French presidents Jacques Chirac and Nicolas Sarkozy, and from 2012 by François Hollande like official car.


title: Jeanne Cooper

paragraphs: Wilma Jeanne Cooper (or just Jeanne Cooper; October 25, 1928 - May 8, 2013) was an American actress. She was best known for her Emmy Award-winning role as Katherine Chancellor on CBS' soap opera "The Young and the Restless". She was a long serving television actress.

paragraphs: Cooper was born in Taft, California on October 25, 1928. She was raised in Bakersfield, California. Cooper was married to Harry Bernsen, Jr. from 1954 until they divorced in 1977. They had three children, including actor Corbin Bernsen. Cooper died on May 8, 2013 from complications from COPD in Los Angeles, California, aged 84.


title: AMX-10RC

paragraphs: The AMX 10-RC is a modern reconnaissance battle tank. It was built for use in the French army, and has been exported to two countries.


title: Phill Lewis

paragraphs: Phill Lewis (born September 4, 1968) is an American actor, television director and comedian, often seen in comedic roles. He is best known for his role as Mr. Moseby on Disney Channel's "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody" and its spin-off, "The Suite Life on Deck".

paragraphs: Lewis was born in Uganda to an African-American family. His father Delano Lewis, was an U.S. Ambassador to South Africa. In 1993, Lewis was driving under the influence when he struck another car and killed one victim. He was convicted of manslaughter and driving under the influence. He was sentenced to five years in prison.


title: Richard Wilson

paragraphs: Richard Wilson, OBE (born Iain Carmichael Wilson; 9 July 1936) is an Scottish actor, theatre director and broadcaster. He is best known for playing Victor Meldrew in the popular BBC sitcom "One Foot in the Grave" from 1990 until 2000. He also appeared in the BBC drama "Merlin" as Gaius, the court physician of Camelot.

paragraphs: Wilson was born on 9 July 1936 in Greenock, Renfrewshire, Scotland. He studied at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. In March 2013, Wilson came out as gay.


title: Dallas Willard

paragraphs: Dallas Albert Willard (September 4, 1935 – May 8, 2013) was an American philosopher also known for his writings on Christian spiritual formation. His work in philosophy has been primarily in phenomenology, particularly the work of Edmund Husserl. He was Professor of Philosophy at The University of Southern California.

paragraphs: Willard was born on September 4, 1935 in Buffalo, Missouri. He studied at the William Jewell College, at the Tennessee Temple College, at Baylor University, and at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Willard died on May 8, 2013, after a short battle with cancer in Pasadena, California, aged 77. His last words were "Thank you."


title: Jason Statham

paragraphs: Jason Statham (born 26 July 1967) is an English Actor, Producer and former Model.

paragraphs: Statham is known for his roles in "Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels" (1998), "Snatch" (2000), "The One" (2001), "The Transporter" trilogy (2002–08), "The Italian Job", 2003, "Death Race", "Crank" (2006), "The Bank Job", "War" (2007), "The Expendables" (2010), and "The Expendables 2" (2014). Many of these roles are as antihero in action movies. He does most of his own stunts.

paragraphs: Statham was born on 26 July 1967 in Shirebrook, Derbyshire, England. He was raised in Great Yarmouth, Norfolk. Statham has been partners with Kelly Brook from 1997 until they separated in 2004. Then he has been partners with Rosie Huntington-Whiteley since 2010.


title: Cyclic compound

paragraphs: In chemistry a cyclic compound is a molecule where some atoms are linked together forming a loop or ring. Most of the time, these molecules are organic. There are also many examples of inorganic molecule forming rings.

paragraphs: Cyclic compounds can be aromatic: in this case they are flat. Benzene is a simple aromatic cyclic compound. When they are not aromatic, rings tend not to be flat to avoid steric effects.

paragraphs: Cyclic compounds are very important. Many drugs are based on them, like aspirin. There are many reactions that can make or break cyclic compounds. One important class of these is pericyclic reactions.


title: Bryan Forbes

paragraphs: Bryan Forbes (John Theobold Clarke; 22 July 1926 – 8 May 2013) was a British actor, screenwriter, movie director and producer, and writer. He was known for directing the 1975 horror movie "The Stepford Wives". He was nominated for an Academy Award.

paragraphs: Forbes was born on 22 July 1926 in Stratford, West Ham, Essex. He was raised in Forest Gate, West Ham. Forbes studied at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts.

paragraphs: He was married to Constance Smith from 1951 until they divorced in 1954. He was married to Nanette Newman from 1955 until his death 2013. They had two daughters.

paragraphs: Forbes was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis in 1975. In 2012, Forbes said that he was misdiagnosed. Forbes died on 8 May 2013 in Virginia Water, Surrey, England from a long illness, aged 86.


title: At the Movies (U.S. TV series)

paragraphs: At the Movies (originally Siskel & Ebert & the Movies, and later At the Movies with Ebert and Roeper) was a movie review television program. It was produced by Disney-ABC Domestic Television. In the program, two movie critics shared their opinions of newly released movies.

paragraphs: Its original hosts were Roger Ebert of the "Chicago Sun-Times" and Gene Siskel of the "Chicago Tribune". Richard Roeper of the "Sun-Times" became Ebert's regular partner in 2000 after Siskel died in 1999. The series ran for 24 seasons in first run syndication from September 13, 1986 through August 14, 2010.


title: Saul Bass

paragraphs: Saul Bass (May 8, 1920 – April 25, 1996) was an American graphic designer and Academy Award-winning filmmaker, best known for his design of motion picture title sequences, movie posters, and corporate logos. Bass designed some of the most iconic corporate logos in North America, including the AT&T "bell" logo in 1969, as well as AT&T's "globe" logo in 1983.

paragraphs: Bass was born on May 8, 1920 in New York City, New York. He studied at James Monroe High School and at Brooklyn College. Bass was married to Elaine Makatura from 1961 until his death in 1996. They had two children. Bass died on April 25, 1996 in his home in Los Angeles, California from an illness, aged 75.


title: Dominoes

paragraphs: Dominoes is a game played with small tiles called dominoes. A domino is a rectangular tile with a line in the middle that separates it into two sides. Each side has a number of black spots. The number of spots is different on each domino. Some dominoes have a side that is blank. The games possible with these objects resemble card games.


title: Ariel Castro kidnappings

paragraphs: The 2013 Cleveland, Ohio, missing trio were three young women from Cleveland, Ohio who had been missing for between nine and eleven years when they were found alive May 6, 2013. The three women, Amanda Berry, Georgina "Gina" DeJesus and Michelle Knight, were found inside a house that was owned by the person who was thought to have kidnapped them. The six-year-old daughter (whose father is just the criminal, Ariel Castro) of Amanda Berry also escaped from the area. Knight disappeared in August 2002 at age 21, Berry in April 2003 and DeJesus the next year. Ariel Castro (July 10, 1960 – September 3, 2013) was charged with seven counts, four for kidnapping and three for rape. He was convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment. He committed suicide in his prison cell on September 3, 2013.


title: Johnson Space Center

paragraphs: The Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center is in Houston Texas. Part of NASA, it employs over 3000 people. It trains astronauts.


title: Buford, Georgia

paragraphs: Buford is a city in the U.S. state of Georgia. Most of the city is in Gwinnett County. A small part of it is in Hall County. In the 2010 census, the city had a population of 12,225.

paragraphs: After the American Civil War a railroad was built that travelled from Atlanta, Georgia to Richmond, Virginia. While the railroad was being built two railroad stockholders bought land around the railroad, and began building a town. The town was named after the railroad company's president, Algernon Sidney Buford. The railroad was completed in 1871, and Buford officially became a town on August 24, 1872. The Town of Buford was renamed the City of Buford in 1896.

paragraphs: In the later part of the 1800s and the early part of the 1900s Buford became famous for making leather products, including saddles which were sold through the Sears mail order catalog. Many famous actors during that time period used saddles made by the Bona Allen Company in Buford, including Gene Autry, the case of the television show Bonanza, and Roy Rogers' horse Trigger.

paragraphs: After the Great Depression ended the horses were not used for farming as much and tractors were used instead, which meant that there was less need for leather products, and the companies that made leather in Buford closed.

paragraphs: Buford is in north Georgia. It is in the northern part of Gwinnett county and in the southern part of Hall county. It is part of the Atlanta metropolitan area.


title: The Red Badge of Courage

paragraphs: The Red Badge of Courage is a novel by Stephen Crane. It was published in 1895 by D. Appleton & Co. It tells of a young man's combat experiences during the American Civil War. It received mostly good reviews. It was made into a movie in 1951 starring WWII hero, Audie Murphy.


title: American Family Association

paragraphs: The American Family Association (AFA in short) is a Christian fundamentalist group United States. They are against homosexuality, same-sex marriage and abortion. They also have positions on a number of other issues. The group is located in Tupelo, Mississippi. It was founded in 1977.


title: Southern Poverty Law Center

paragraphs: The Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) is a United States nonprofit civil rights organization. It has had legal victories against white supremacist groups. It fights civil rights violations and lawsuits about the separation of church and state.

paragraphs: The SPLC keeps a list of hate groups in the United States. Hate groups persecute or attack entire groups of people because of those people's race, ethnicity, skin color, religion, or home country.

paragraphs: The SPLC was established around 1971 in Montgomery, Alabama.


title: Separation of church and state

paragraphs: Separation of church and state is a phrase that was used by Thomas Jefferson in a letter in 1802 to the Baptist Association in Danbury, Connecticut. The Supreme Court of the United States, in 1962, took the phrase in their decisions to make school prayers unconstitutional. This idea has been put into effect in a number of countries.


title: Lawrenceville, Georgia

paragraphs: Lawrenceville is a city in Gwinnett County, Georgia, in the United States. It is the county seat of Gwinnett County and is the second oldest city in the Atlanta metropolitan area. According to the 2010 census, 28,546 people lived there.


title: Aimee Teegarden

paragraphs: Aimee Richelle Teegarden (born October 10, 1989) is an American actress and model. She played Jenny Randall in the 2011 movie "Scream 4". She modeled for campaigns including Old Navy, Tommy Hilfiger and Hollister. She was born in Downey, California.


title: Edward Mooney House

paragraphs: The Edward Mooney House is at 18 Bowery at the corner of Pell Street in the borough of Manhattan in New York City. It is in an area which is today known as Chinatown. The house was built between 1785 and 1789 by rich butcher Edward Mooney on land that was originally part of the Doyer bouwerie (farm) and afterwards belonged to the British Loyalist James Delancey. The land was confiscated by the new American Government after the American Revolution and sold at auction. Mooney would live in the house untul his death in 1800.

paragraphs: The house was built of brick in the Early Federal style. It has three stories plus an attic and full basement. The home was built close to the slaughterhouses, holding pens and tanneries just east of the freshwater Collect Pond.

paragraphs: In 1807, the size of the house was doubled by an addition to the rear. The house would be used as a private residence until the 1820s. Later, it has been a hotel, brothel and Barney Flynn's saloon.

paragraphs: The house was designated a New York City landmark in 1966 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. The Edward Mooney House was sold in January 2013 for $5.4 million dollars.


title: Color depth

paragraphs: In Computer graphics, the term color depth is used to specify the "amount" of color used. Usually it is measured in bits per pixel. One bit can represent two different values. It is known as monochrome or black and white. 16 bit color depth is known as "high color", 24

paragraphs: bits per pixel are known as truecolor. There are also systems with color depths of 30, 36, or 48 bits per pixel. The RGB color model uses 8 bits per pixel, for a total of 24 bits. There may be an extra Alpha channel, with another 8 bits (so a total of 32 bits). Phase Alternating Line, a standard for televisions uses 32 bits per pixel, with a YUV color space.


title: Underground hip hop

paragraphs: Underground hip hop is a form of hip hop music that is peformed by independent musicians who are signed to an independent record label or no label at all. The genre is known as being positive, socially conscious, or anti-commerical.


title: Rap rock

paragraphs: Rap rock (also called Rockrap or Rock hip hop) is a genre of music that combines the vocals and compositions of hip hop with various forms of rock. Rap rock has gained popularity with its sub-genres rap metal and rapcore. Some of the most famous rap rock bands and musicans include Linkin Park, Hollywood Undead, P.O.D., Vanilla Ice, Kid Rock, Eminem, Deuce, Bizzy Bone and Roscoe Dash. Some artists have done more rapping rather than singing. It began during the 1980s and it is still a popular genre today.


title: Hardcore hip hop

paragraphs: Hardcore hip hop (or Hardcore rap) is a form of hip hop that originated in the East Coast hip hop scene. It is known for being aggressive with noisy instruments. The most common things that hardcore artists talk about include sex, nudity, partying, drugs, profanity, police brutality, racism, personal conflicts, consciousness, social issues and the harsh surroundings of the rapper's environment. Types of music inspired by hardcore hip hop include gangsta rap (a type of rap about urban crime and the violent lifestyles of young people in cities), horrorcore (hip hop with horror-themed lyrics and images) and most recently trap (a form of southern hip hop).


title: Crunk & B

paragraphs: Crunk & B (also known as C&B or crunk 'n' blues) is a type of music that combines crunk music and contemporary R&B. Both the name and music were created by Lil Jon after he produced "Yeah!" for Usher and "Okay" for Nivea in 2004.


title: ESTCube-1

paragraphs: ESTCube-1 is the first satellite from Estonia. It was made as part of the Estonian Student Satellite Program, and was launched on 7 May 2013 on a Vega rocket. The satellite is a project in which university and high-school students took part. The CubeSat standard for nanosatellites was followed while it was built, resulting in a 10x10x11.35 cm cube, with a volume of 1 liter and a mass of 1.048 kg.

paragraphs: ESTCube-1 was put into orbit by Arianespace, using a Vega rocket which took off from ELA-1 at Kourou at 02:06:31 UTC on 7 May 2013 at a height of 670 kilometres.


title: Hop (networking)

paragraphs: Computer networks route data packets between a source and a destination. In most cases, the source of a packet is not directly attached to the destination, the packet needs to travel through other stations in between the two. Each time a packet travels through a router, or a gateway it takes one hop. To prevent network congestion, the maximum number of hops a packet can take is limited. With IPv4, this count is known as time to live, with IPv6 it is called hop count. Each time the packet takes one hop, the count is . When it reaches zero, the packet is if it has not reached its destination.


title: Sociolect

paragraphs: Sociolect is a form of language spoken by a particular class, ethnic group, or age group in society.


title: Mark Rothko

paragraphs: Mark Rothko (September 25, 1903 – February 25, 1970) was a Latvian-American modern artist. He was born in a part of the Russian Empire that is now in Latvia, but lived in America for most of his life. He was Jewish. He committed suicide in New York City, at the age of 66, by taking an overdose of anti-depressants and slashing his arms with a razor.

paragraphs: His most famous work is known as abstract expressionism or color field painting. In 2012, one of his works sold for $86.9 million.

paragraphs: Rothko's work matured into rectangular fields of color and light. However, between the early period, and the later fields of color, was a long period of transition, marked by two important events in Rothko's life: the onset of World War II and his reading of Friedrich Nietzsche.

paragraphs: From October 1948, after the death of his mother, Rothko started using symmetrical rectangular blocks of two to three opposing or contrasting, yet complementary, colors. Also, for the next seven years, Rothko painted in oil only on large canvases with vertical formats. Very large-scale designs were used to overwhelm the viewer, or to make the viewer feel "enveloped within" the painting. For some critics, the large size was an attempt to make up for a lack of substance. In retaliation, Rothko stated:

paragraphs: He even suggested that viewers position themselves as little as eighteen inches away from the canvas so that they might experience a sense of intimacy, as well as awe, a transcendence of the individual, and a sense of the unknown.


title: WINS (AM)

paragraphs: WINS is a radio station in New York City, New York. It first started in 1924. It is an all-news station, using that format since 1965. It is the oldest all-news station in the United States. It is known on-air as Ten-Ten Wins. It is owned by CBS Radio.

paragraphs: When the station first started, it played rock and roll music. It switched to the all-news format on April 19, 1965, going with that format around the clock. Since then, the format has not seen a lot of changes, and it has been a very successful format.

paragraphs: WINS is known for its teletype sound effect that plays in the background and its slogans "All News, All the Time," "The Newswatch Never Stops," "Listen 2, 3, 4 times a day," and "You give us 22 minutes, we'll give you the world." The latter slogan refers to how a segment plays every 20 minutes. While other stations have stopped using the teletype sound effect, WINS has kept it.


title: Joe Astroth

paragraphs: Joseph Henry Astroth (September 1, 1922 – May 3, 2013) was an American professional baseball player. He was a catcher for the Philadelphia/Kansas City Athletics (1945–46 and 1949–56).

paragraphs: Astroth was born on September 1, 1922 in East Alton, Illinois. He studied at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Astroth was married to Marjorie Astroth from 1947 until his death in 2013. They had four children. Astroth died on May 3, 2013 in Boca Raton, Florida at the age of 90 from natural causes.


title: Mario Machado

paragraphs: Mario Machado (Mario Jose de Souza Machado; April 22, 1935 – May 4, 2013) was an eight-time Emmy Award-winning television and radio broadcaster. He made television history when, in 1970, he became the first Chinese-American on-air television news reporter and anchor in Los Angeles and perhaps in the nation.

paragraphs: He was also an actor starring in many movies such as "Brian's Song" (1971), "Oh, God!" (1977), "The Concorde ... Airport '79" (1979), "Rocky III" (1982), "Scarface" (1983), and "St. Elmo's Fire" (1985).

paragraphs: Machado was born on April 22, 1935 in Shanghai. He was married to Marie Christine D’Almada Remedios until his death in 2013. Machado died on May 4, 2013 from complication of pneumonia in his home in West Hills, California, aged 78.


title: Bruce P. Crandall

paragraphs: Bruce Perry Crandall (born February 17, 1933) is a retired U.S. Army officer who was born in Crandall in Olympia, Washington.. He received the Medal of Honor for his actions during the Battle of Ia Drang.

paragraphs: During the battle he flew 22 missions in an unarmed helicopter into enemy fire to bring ammunition and supplies and evacuate the wounded. By the end of the Vietnam War, he had flown over 900 combat missions.

paragraphs: He studied at the University of Washington. After retiring from the Army he worked several jobs in different states before settling down with his wife in his home state of Washington. Crandall was married to Arlene Louise from 1956 until her death in 2010.


title: J.R. Ewing

paragraphs: John Ross "J.R." Ewing, Jr. is a fictional character in the hit U.S. television series "Dallas" (1978–1991) and its spin-offs, including the revived "Dallas" series (2012–2013). The character was portrayed by actor Larry Hagman from the series premiere in 1978 until his death in late 2012.

paragraphs: One of the show's most iconic figures, J.R. has been central to many of the series' biggest storylines. He is shown as a villainous selfish oil baron with psychopathic tendencies, who is constantly plotting subterfuges to plunder his foes and their wealth. Hagman was the only actor to appear in all 357 episodes of the series.

paragraphs: Hagman died on November 23, 2012, and "Dallas" producers subsequently announced that J.R. would be killed off in the second season. The episode "The Furious And Fast" dealt with J.R's death. Ewing was on the phone with his son saying he had one last plan to get back at another richman. Ewing's son heard gunshots which would eventually kill J.R.

paragraphs: Ewing is considered one of television's most popular characters, with "TV Guide" naming him #1 in their 2013 list of The 60 Nastiest Villains of All Time.


title: Train ferry

paragraphs: A train ferry is a ferry which was designed to carry railway vehicles. Train ferries are used where it is not possible or practical to build a bridge. Some train ferries were built to also carry cars or passengers, in addition to trains.


title: Container ship

paragraphs: A Container ship is a cargo ship that is used to carry standard Intermodal containers. They are common. Most cargo ships that do not carry bulk goods are container ships. The containers come in different sizes. In general, the load they can carry is measured in Twenty-foot equivalent units (abbreviated "TEU"). A twenty-foot container is 1 TEU, a forty-foot container is 2 TEU.


title: Ben-Hur (1959 movie)

paragraphs: Ben-Hur is an epic movie of the sword and sandal genre released in 1959. It was directed by William Wyler. It stars Charlton Heston as Ben-Hur and Stephen Boyd as Messala. It is set in Ancient Rome and Ancient Judea. It tells of two men - one a Jewish prince and the other a Roman tribune - whose friendship turns to bitter hatred. The climax of the movie is a 9-minute chariot race and the crucifixion of Jesus. The movie won 11 Academy Awards, including Best Picture. The movie is based on the 1880 novel, "" by Lew Wallace. A silent movie on the same subject was made in 1925.

paragraphs: The story is about Judah Ben-Hur, a Jewish prince and merchant in Jerusalem at the beginning of the 1st century. Judah's childhood friend Messala returns home as an ambitious commanding officer of the Roman legions. The two men realize that they have changed and hold very different views. During a military parade, a tile falls from the roof of Judah's house. It barely misses the Roman governor. Although Messala knows that they are not guilty, he condemns the Ben-Hur family. Without trial, Judah is sent to the Roman galleys for life; his mother and sister are imprisoned and all the family property is confiscated.

paragraphs: Through good fortune, Judah survives and returns to Jerusalem, where he seeks revenge against his one-time friend and redemption for his family. Running in parallel with Ben-Hur's narrative is the unfolding story of Jesus, who comes from the same region and is a similar age. The two reflect themes of betrayal, conviction and redemption. With the Crucifixion, Ben-Hur recognizes that the Christ stands for a different goal than revenge, and he becomes Christian, turning to supporting the new religion with money which he has inherited, inspired by love and the talk of keys to a greater kingdom than any on earth.


title: Yamna Lobos Astorga

paragraphs: Yamna Carolina Lobos Astorga (born August 26, 1983 in Santiago, Chile) is a Chilean dancer and television presenter.


title: Tupolev Tu-124

paragraphs: The Tupolev Tu-124 (NATO code-named Cookpot) is a twin-turbojets airliner built in USSR between 1960 and 1965. It was one of the first civil jet aircraft in the world. It could accommodate between fifty and sixty passengers.


title: Wisconsin Rapids

paragraphs: Wisconsin Rapids is a city in Wood County, Wisconsin, United States. 18,367 people lived there at the 2010 census.

paragraphs: According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which, is land and is water.

paragraphs: The American Indians called the area "Ahdawagam", meaning "Two-sided Rapids". Although Europeans began to settle this area in the 1830s, Wisconsin Rapids has been known by this name only since 1920. Prior to that, it was split by the Wisconsin River, with the west side as Centralia and the east side as Grand Rapids. The two cities joined in 1900, together known as Grand Rapids. The name was changed in 1920 to avoid mail and other goods from being sent to the much better known Grand Rapids, Michigan.

paragraphs: As of the census of 2010, there were 18,367 people, 8,296 households, and 4,626 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 8,972 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 92.2% "White", 0.7% "African American", 1.0% "Native American", 3.7% "Asian", 0.9% from other races, and 1.5% from two or more races. "Latin-American" were 2.9% of the people.

paragraphs: There were 8,296 households out of which 27.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.1% were married couples living together, 11.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 44.2% were non-families. 38.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.17 and the average family size was 2.87.

paragraphs: The median age in the city was 41.1 years. 22.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.3% were from 25 to 44; 25.5% were from 45 to 64; and 19.8% were 65 years of age or older. There were 47.8% males and 52.2% females.

paragraphs: Known for its wood and paper making history, Wisconsin Rapids is also important to the cranberry industry. Wisconsin Rapids is the home of the international educational software company, Renaissance Learning Inc. as well as other national and global companies.

paragraphs: In the past, Rapids was home to the headquarters for Consolidated Papers, now owned by NewPage Corporation. The company continues its presence in the area with a paper mill that houses two paper machines and a "Kraft process" pulp mill.

paragraphs: Mid-State Technical College offers job-related training, and Lakeland College offers academic learning.

paragraphs: Lincoln High School is the local public high school (grades 10–12) in Wisconsin Rapids. Assumption High School is a private Catholic high school in Wisconsin Rapids. The city has two public junior high schools: East Junior High School (grades 8–9) and Wisconsin Rapids Middle School (grades 6–7). River Cities High School also exists as a charter school alternative to the local high schools.

paragraphs: Wisconsin Rapids has several local parks, including Robinson Park, Gaynor Park, and Lyon Park. There is also a recently built skate park. The state water-skiing championships are held at Lake Wazeecha every year and the national BMX Bandit cycling championships are held at the Central Wisconsin BMX bicycle track. There are three museums, the South Wood County Historical Corporation Museum, the Alexander House, and the Paper Making Museum, all of which are housed in large former family homes. There is a city zoo (free to enter), and two public swimming pools. There is a prairie chicken sanctuary at the Buena Vista Wildlife Reservation, and every year the Prairie Chicken Festival is held. The Betty Boop Festival or the Grim Natwick Animated Film Festival are held annually since the inaugural events in 2010. The Cranberry Blossom Festival takes place in July and the Grand Affair Arts Festival in September of each year. In summer of 2010, the new baseball team, the Wisconsin Rapids Rafters of the summer college Northwoods League, played their first season at Witter Field.

paragraphs: Although this is a list of radio stations based in the Wisconsin Rapids area, the signals of radio stations from much of Central Wisconsin are commonly received in the city.


title: Tupolev Tu-144

paragraphs: The Tupolev Tu-144 was the first airliner that flew faster than the speed of sound. Built in USSR by Tupolev it is similar to the Concorde. Tupolev Tu-144 flown only for "Aeroflot" the national soviet airline. Sixteen examples only were built. Maiden flight was on December 31, 1968.


title: Natascha Kampusch

paragraphs: Natascha Maria Kampusch (born 17 February 1988) is an Austrian woman who was kidnapped on 2 March 1998. She was held in a secret cellar by her kidnapper for over eight years until she escaped on 23 August 2006. Media attention then led to Natascha giving certain interviews and writing an autobiography. Her abductor later killed himself when he jumped in front of a suburban train in Vienna; he had apparently planned the killing of himself rather than be caught by police, and had told Kampusch he would not be arrested alive.


title: Quattrocento

paragraphs: Quattrocento is the Italian term that means "four hundred" for the years belonging to the fifteenth century. It was one of the most important periods of European art and culture. It started in Italy and it is the first phase of the movement known as Renaissance.

paragraphs: The Quattrocento (1401-1500) began in Florence, promoted by the Medici family. At this time the figure of the artist and creator was imposed at the expense of anonymity. Man was considered the most perfect work of God, in the early renaissance artists.

paragraphs: In this century art painting techniques evolve, getting the "perspective", and in sculpture comes an improvement based on the imitation of classical Greek and Roman art. Even in architecture there was a return to the lines of Roman monuments.

paragraphs: Lorenzo de' Medici encouraged a lot of his countrymen to commission works from Florence's leading artists, including Leonardo da Vinci, Sandro Botticelli, and Michelangelo Buonarroti.

paragraphs: The best artists (after the genius of Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo Buonarroti, who worked mainly during the Cinquecento) of this period are:

paragraphs: In Literature the Quattrocento is famous mainly because of Niccolò Machiavelli and Ludovico Ariosto. Indeed, the fundamental characteristic of this literary epoch is that it perfected itself in every kind of art, in particular uniting the essentially Italian character of its language with classicism of style. This period lasted until about a few years after 1494 when Charles VIII of France descended into Italy, marking the beginning of Italy's foreign domination and political decadence.

paragraphs: The famous literary men of the Quattrocento had been educated in the culture created in the preceding century. Niccolò Machiavelli was born in 1469, Michelangelo Buonarroti and Ludovico Ariosto in 1474, Jacopo Nardi in 1476, Gian Giorgio Trissino in 1478, Francesco Guicciardini in 1482, Pietro Pomponazzi in 1462, Marcello Adriani Virgilio in 1464 and Baldassare Castiglione in 1468.

paragraphs: The Renaissance music of Quattrocento was centered around Bartolomeo da Bologna. Indeed, after the "Burgundian School" came to an end, Italy became the leading exponent of Renaissance music and continued its innovation with the Venetian and (somewhat more conservative) Roman Schools of composition.


title: Wartburg Castle

paragraphs: The Wartburg is a castle on a 1230-foot (410-m) cliff to the southwest of Eisenach, in the state of Thuringia, Germany. In 1999 UNESCO added Wartburg Castle to the World Heritage List as an "Outstanding Monument of the Feudal Period in Central Europe" because of its "Cultural Values of Universal Significance".

paragraphs: The castle's foundation was laid in about 1068 by the Thuringian count of Schauenburg, Louis the Springer. He was a relative of the Counts of Rieneck in Franconia. Together with its larger sister castle Neuenberg in the present-day town of Freyburg, the Wartburg protected the borders of his territories.

paragraphs: The castle ("Burg" in German) reportedly got its name when its founder first saw the hill where the castle now sits; he is supposed to have said, ""Warte, Berg -- du sollst mir eine Burg tragen!"" ("Wait, mountain -- you shall bear a castle for me!"). It is a German play on words for mountain ("Berg") and fortress ("Burg").

paragraphs: The Wartburg remained the seat of the Thuringian landgraves until 1440, and around 1207 it became the place of the "Sängerkrieg", or Minstrels' Contest. Later, Richard Wagner wrote the opera Tannhäuser about the contest.

paragraphs: At the age of four, St. Elisabeth of Hungary was sent by her mother to the Wartburg to be raised to become the wife of Ludwig IV of Thuringia. From 1211 to 1228, she lived there and did charitable work. When her husband died in 1227, she moved to Marburg. She died at the age of 24 and later was canonized (made a saint) by the Roman Catholic Church.

paragraphs: From May 1521 until March 1522, Martin Luther stayed at the castle, after Frederick the Wise had him taken there for his safety. This was after Luther's excommunication by Pope Leo X and his refusal to give up his beliefs at the Diet of Worms. During this time, Luther translated the New Testament into German. It was not the first German translation of the Bible but it became the most well known and most used.

paragraphs: From 1540 until his death in 1548, Fritz Erbe, an Anabaptist farmer from Herda, was held as a prisoner in the dungeon of the south tower, because he refused to give up his beliefs. After his death, he was buried in the Wartburg near the chapel of St. Elisabeth.

paragraphs: On 18 October 1817, the first Wartburg festival took place. About 450 students, members of the German Burschenschaften ("fraternities"), celebrated the German victory over Napoleon that happened four years before, condemned conservatism and called for German unity. Scraps of parchment with the titles of conservative books were burned, because the actual books were very expensive. This event and similar gatherings at Wartburg during the Revolutions of 1848 are considered important events in the movement for German unification.

paragraphs: The Castle has been restored many times. From 1952 to 1966, for example, the East German Government restored it to what it looked like in the 16th century.

paragraphs: The Romanesque "Palas" ("Landgrafenhaus" or Great Hall) is the oldest part of the buildings. Besides the chapel, it has the Sängersaal (Hall of the Minstrels) and the Festsaal (the Feast or Festival Hall), both of which have frescoes by Moritz von Schwind.

paragraphs: Part of the palace is the original castle as it was between 1157 and 1170.

paragraphs: The castle gate behind the drawbridge is the only way to access the Castle, and it has remained exactly as it was when it was built.

paragraphs: The Knights' House on the western side of the drawbridge is from the 15th century. It is probably where the servants and guards lived.

paragraphs: There are two towers, the South Tower (made in 1318) and the bergfried (finished in 1859).

paragraphs: For centuries, many people from Germany and from outside Germany have made pilgrimages to the Wartburg. They do this because of its significance in German history and in the development of Christianity. Several places (especially US towns founded by Lutherans) and a local brand of automobile have been named after the Wartburg. Wartburg College in Iowa, USA, is named after the Wartburg because Martin Luther received protection at the castle, and because of the college's Thuringian heritage.


title: Max Baucus

paragraphs: Max Sieben Baucus (born December 11, 1941) is an American politician. He was the United States Ambassador to China from 2014 through 2017. He served as a United States Senator from Montana from December 15, 1978 until February 6, 2014. On that date, he was made Ambassador. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He was Montana's longest-serving U.S. senator.

paragraphs: Baucus was born on December 11, 1941 in Helena, Montana. He studied at Stanford University. Baucus was married to Ann Geracimos from 1982 until they divorced in the same year. Then he was married to Wanda Minge from 1984 until they divorced in 2009. He has been married to Melodee Hanes since 2011. He has one son, Zeno, with Geracimos.

paragraphs: Baucus announced on April 23, 2013 that he would retire from the U.S. Senate at the end of his term. His term was set to end in 2015. However, he was made United States Ambassador to China by Barack Obama in 2013. He resigned on February 6, 2014, before finishing his final term as senator. Baucus was succeeded by John Walsh, the former Lieutenant Governor of Montana.


title: John Cornyn

paragraphs: John Cornyn III (born February 2, 1952) is the senior United States Senator for Texas, serving since 2002. He is a member of the Republican Party. He is the current Senate Majority Whip for the 115th Congress. Cornyn was Chairman of the National Republican Senatorial Committee from 2007-2011.

paragraphs: Cornyn was born in Houston, Texas on February 2, 1952. His family moved to Tokyo, Japan. He studied at Trinity University and St. Mary's University School of Law. He received his LL.M. from the University of Virginia School of Law. Cornyn and his wife Sandy have two daughters.


title: Saxby Chambliss

paragraphs: Clarence Saxby Chambliss (born November 10, 1943) is a former American politician. He served as a United States Senator of Georgia from 2003 to 2015. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as a U.S. Representative (1995–2003).

paragraphs: On January 25, 2013, Chambliss announced that he would not be running for a third term.

paragraphs: Chambliss was born on November 10, 1943 in Warrenton, North Carolina. He studied at Louisiana Tech University, at the University of Georgia, and at the University of Tennessee. Chambliss has been married to Julianne Chambliss since 1968. They had two children.


title: Juba

paragraphs: Juba is the capital and largest city of the Republic of South Sudan. It is also the capital of Central Equatoria, the smallest of the ten states of South Sudan. The city is on the White Nile. It is the seat of Juba County.


title: The Swineherd

paragraphs: "The Swineherd" is a literary fairy tale by Hans Christian Andersen. It was first published 20  December 1841 by C. A. Reitzel in Copenhagen, Denmark in "Fairy Tales Told for Children". The fairy tale appears to be original with Andersen though similar tales about the humbling of a proud princess are known, such as "King Thrushbeard" by the Brothers Grimm. "The Swineherd" has been adapted to various media including ballet and opera.

paragraphs: A poor prince wants to marry the Emperor's daughter. She is proud and rejects his simple gifts of a nightingale and a beautiful rose. He disguises himself as a swineherd and gets a job tending the pigs at the palace. One day, he makes a wonderful rattle that plays every tune in the world. The princess gives him 10 kisses for it. Another day, he makes a magical pot that lets the owner know what everyone in town is cooking. The princess gives him 100 kisses for the pot. The Emperor is disgusted that his daughter would kiss a swineherd for a couple of toys. He casts her out. The prince is disgusted too, and closes his door on her. The princess is left outdoors singing sadly.


title: Titanic (1996 TV miniseries)

paragraphs: Titanic is a 1996 made for television drama about the RMS "Titanic", its passengers and its sinking. This is the first movie of the "Titanic" to show the ship breaking in two. Starring in this movie are Catherine Zeta-Jones, Marilu Henner, George C. Scott, Eva Marie Saint and Peter Gallagher.