title: Tubo-ovarian abscess

paragraphs: A tubo-ovarian abscess is an infection of the female ovary and fallopian tube. It is a pus-filled ovary and Fallopian tube that is filled with infection. This type of abscess is caused by an untreated sexually transmitted disease. It can be a complication after surgery to remove the uterus.

paragraphs: When a woman has this abcess, she has a fever, signs of infection in her blood, severe pain in her pelvic area. She may also have a vaginal discharge. Many different kinds of bacteria can cause tubo-ovarian abscess. Tubo-ovarian abscess is rare in virgins.

paragraphs: The symptoms of tubo-ovarian abscess are the same as pelvic inflammatory disease. The abscess can be seen with x-rays and other medical equipment. The bacteria that cause gonorrhea can cause tubo-ovarian abscess. The microorganism that causes a Chlamidia infection can cause tubo-ovarian abscess. Other bacteria can cause tubo-ovarian abscess Using an IUD for a long time can cause TOA.

paragraphs: The abcess can rupture filling the abdomen with the infection. This is an emergency and a woman can die if this ruptured abscess is not treated quickly. A blood infection can happen if the abscess is not treated. Sometimes an inter uteran device, a form of birth control can cause the abcess.

paragraphs: Some things make a woman more likely to get this disease. These things are: sexual activity, increased age, IUD insertion, chlamydia infection, bacterial infection, sexually transmitted disease. This disease is cured by treatment with medicine that will kill the bacteria that are causing the infection. Some doctors will use intravenous antibiotics for least 24 hours. Some women with this infection have to go to the hospital. Sometimes surgery has to be done. After being in the hospital, medicine can be taken by mouth that will continue to cure the infection. Patients are checked by a doctor three days after being in the hospital. They then get another check up one to two weeks later to make sure that the infection is cured.

paragraphs: Sometimes this infection is complicated. In some cases the ovary and fallopian tubes have to be taken out. Without ovaries or Fallopian tubes a woman may not be able to have a baby. There are other things that can happen during surgery that result in a bad outcome. But this is true for all surgeries.

paragraphs: One million women get tubo-ovarian abscess every year.


title: Grand Bazaar

paragraphs: The Grand Bazaar (, meaning ‘Grand Bazaar’) in Istanbul, Turkey is one of the largest and oldest covered markets in the world. It has 61 covered streets. There are more than 3,000 shops. As of 2014, there were no official statistics about the number of shops in the Bazaar. But it varies between 3,000 and 4,000. The bazaar attracts between 250,000 and 400,000 visitors daily. In 2013, it is listed as number one among the world's most-visited tourist attractions with 91,250,000 annual visitors.

paragraphs: The bazaar was built in Ottoman times by Mehmet the Conquerer. It was grown by Suleiman the Magnificent. The Grand Bazaar occupies . There were hammams, inns, mosques and fountains in bazaar.

paragraphs: The Grand Bazaar is located inside the walled city of Istanbul. It is in the district of Fatih, in the neighbourhood bearing the same name, "()".


title: Geraldine Chaplin

paragraphs: Geraldine Leigh Chaplin (born 31 July 1944) is an American-born British actress. She is the daughter of Charlie Chaplin and Oona O'Neill.

paragraphs: She is best known for her 1965 Golden Globe nominated role of Tonya in David Lean's movie, "Doctor Zhivago". She received her second Golden Globe nomination for Robert Altman's "Nashville" in 1975. She also acted in his other movies, "Buffalo Bill and the Indians, or Sitting Bull's History Lesson" in 1976 and "A Wedding" in 1978.

paragraphs: She received a BAFTA nomination for her role in "Welcome to L.A." in 1976. She played her grandmother, Hannah Chaplin in the movie, "Chaplin" in 1992 and received her third Golden Globe nomination. She has also acted in "The Age of Innocence" in 1993, "Home for the Holidays" in 1995, and "Jane Eyre" in 1996.

paragraphs: When Chaplin was eight years old, she acted in her father's movie "Limelight". She studied at the Royal Ballet School, in hopes of becoming a ballet dancer. When that did not work out, she became an actress instead.

paragraphs: David Lean chose her to play Tonya, the wife of the leading role, in his movie "Doctor Zhivago". In an interview about the movie, she said "Because of my name, the right doors opened."

paragraphs: In 1967, she acted in a famous play in the Broadway theatre, Lillian Hellman's "The Little Foxes". Her performance was praised in a review in "The New York Times". Cliff Barnes wrote that Chaplin "acts with spirit and force," all the while "acting with a magnificently raw-voiced sincerity" in what was a performance of "surprising power."

paragraphs: Chaplin has also acted in several Spanish and French films. She received a Goya Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role in a Spanish-Argentine movie, "In the City Without Limits" in 2001.

paragraphs: Geraldine Chaplin was born in Santa Monica, California. She was the fourth child of the movie star Charlie Chaplin. She was the first of his eight children with his fourth and last wife, Oona O'Neill. Her grandfather was the Nobel Prize and Pulitzer Prize winning American playwright Eugene O'Neill. When Geraldine was eight years old, the family moved to Switzerland, where she went to school. This is where she learned to speak both French and Spanish.

paragraphs: In 1978 the Chaplin family were the victims of a plot by kidnappers who had stolen the body of Charlie Chaplin for ransom. Geraldine negotiated with the kidnappers, who threatened to shoot her baby son in the knees.

paragraphs: After living in Spain for over 25 years, Chaplin left in 1992 because of personal difficulties. She moved back to her family home in Vevey, Switzerland.

paragraphs: She married Patricio Castilla in 2006. She has two children and a godson: She has a home beside the beach in Miami and also spends time living in Madrid and Switzerland.


title: Santiago del Estero

paragraphs: Santiago del Estero is the capital of the Santiago del Estero Province in northern Argentina. It is at a distance of north-northwest from Buenos Aires.

paragraphs: Francisco de Aguirre founded the city in its present location on 23 December 1553; he named the city "Santiago" after Saint James and "Estero" because it was close to a lagoon near the Dulce river.

paragraphs: The city is along the Dulce river in a region with "esteros" (wetlands). The altitude of the city is above sea level.

paragraphs: Santiago del Estero has an area of and a population of 252,192, in 2010, for a population density of inhabitants/km.

paragraphs: Santiago del Estero has an arid climate, subtype Bsh in the Köppen climate classification.

paragraphs: The average temperature for the year in Santiago del Estero is . The warmest month, on average, is January with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is June, with an average temperature of .

paragraphs: The average amount of precipitation for the year in Santiago del Estero is . The month with the most precipitation on average is January with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is July with an average of .

paragraphs: Some interesting places in San Miguel de Tucumán are:


title: Nicholas Liverpool

paragraphs: Nicholas Joseph Orville Liverpool (9 September 1934 – 1 June 2015) was a Dominican politician and jurist. He was the sixth President of Dominica, from 2 October 2003 to 17 September 2012.

paragraphs: Liverpool died on 1 June 2015 in Miami, Florida from a heart attack, where he was receiving medical treatment, aged 80.


title: Lucien Bouchard

paragraphs: Lucien Bouchard (; born December 22, 1938) is a Canada lawyer, diplomat, politician and former Minister of the Environment of the Canadian Federal Government.

paragraphs: He was the founder of the Bloc Québécois, Leader of the Opposition in the Canadian House of Commons from 1993 to 1996. He served as the 27th Premier of Quebec from January 29, 1996, to March 8, 2001.

paragraphs: He became a central figure for the "Yes" side in the 1995 Quebec referendum. He is a recipient of the title of "Commander" of the Légion d'Honneur.

paragraphs: Bouchard was born in Saint-Cœur-de-Marie, Québec. He was the son of Alice (née Simard) and Philippe Bouchard. He studied at Université Laval. Bouchard married Solange Dugas in May 2013.


title: Winterset, Iowa

paragraphs: Winterset is a city in Madison County, Iowa, United States. The population was 5,190 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Madison County.

paragraphs: Winterset is part of the Des Moines − West Des Moines Metropolitan Statistical Area. Winterset is the birthplace of actor John Wayne.


title: Stuart Whitman

paragraphs: Stuart Maxwell Whitman (February 1, 1928 – March 16, 2020) was an American actor. He is known for playing Marshall Jim Crown in the television Western "Cimarron Strip", co-starred with John Wayne in "The Comancheros" and received top billing in the extravagant aviation epic "Those Magnificent Men in Their Flying Machines"


title: Alberto De Martino

paragraphs: Alberto De Martino (12 June 1929 – 2 June 2015) was an Italian movie director and screenwriter. He was born in Rome, Italy. He was known for his movies "O.K. Connery", "Holocaust 2000", and "The Pumaman".


title: Jean Ritchie

paragraphs: Jean Ritchie (December 8, 1922 – June 1, 2015) was an American folk music singer, songwriter, and Appalachian dulcimer player. Elektra records signed her and released three albums: "Jean Ritchie Sings" (1952), "Songs of Her Kentucky Mountain Family" (1957) and "A Time for Singing" (1962). Ritchie was born in Viper, Kentucky.

paragraphs: Ritchie died in Berea, Kentucky, aged 92.


title: Irwin Rose

paragraphs: Irwin A. Rose (July 16, 1926 – June 2, 2015) was an American biologist. He was awarded the 2004 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, along with Aaron Ciechanover and Avram Hershko, for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation.

paragraphs: Rose was born in Brooklyn, New York to a Jewish family. He was married to Zelda Budenstein and had four children.

paragraphs: Rose died on June 2, 2015 in Deerfield, Massachusetts, aged 88.


title: First Dynasty of Egypt

paragraphs: The First Dynasty of ancient Egypt were the first group of Egyptian kings to rule over a united country. It began when Upper and Lower Egypt were joined as a single country, probably by Narmer. It is the beginning of the Early Dynastic Period of Egypt. At this time Thinis was the centre of power.

paragraphs: Historians argue about the dates of the First Dynasty which was part of the Early Bronze Age. They use a number of different ways to decide on the dates for events in Egypt. It began sometime between 3400 and 3000 BC. In 2013 radiocarbon dating showed that Hor-Aha began ruling between 3218–3035 BC.

paragraphs: Information about the First Dynasty comes from monuments and other objects with royal names. The most important are the Narmer palette, the Narmer Macehead and the Den and Qa'a king lists. No details of the dynasty have been found except for brief entry on the Palermo Stone. Manetho's book, "Aegyptiaca" is different to the archeological evidence and other historical records. Manetho names nine rulers of the First Dynasty, but only one name matches the other sources. He only has information for four of them. The hieroglyphs were fully developed and would be used with little change for more than 3000 years.

paragraphs: Large tombs for pharaohs have been found at Abydos and Naqada. There are also cemeteries at Saqqara and Helwan near Memphis. These had buildings of wood and mud bricks, with some small use of stone for walls and floors. Stone was used for making ornaments, vessels, and sometimes for statues. Tamarix – tamarisk, salt cedar was used to build boats such as the Abydos Boats. They invented the ﬁxed Mortise and tenon joint. A ﬁxed tenon was made by shaping the end of one timber to ﬁt into a mortise (hole) that is cut into a second timber. A variation of this joint, using a free tenon, became one of the most important features in Mediterranean and Egyptian shipbuilding. It joined two pieces of wood by putting a separate tenon into a hole (mortise) of the same size cut into each piece.

paragraphs: Human sacrifice was part of the burials for all the pharaohs of the First Dynasty. Servants were buried near each pharaoh's tomb, as well as animals. There are 338 people buried at the tomb of Djer. The people and animals sacrificed, such as donkeys, would help the pharaoh in the afterlife. For unknown reasons, this practice ended with this dynasty. Later burials had shabtis (small figures like dolls) taking the place of actual people.


title: Manetho

paragraphs: Manetho was an ancient Egyptian historian and priest from Sebennytos. He lived during the Ptolemaic era, in about 300 BC.

paragraphs: Manetho wrote the "Aegyptiaca" ("History of Egypt"). His book is used by Egyptologists to work out the dates for events in ancient Egypt. The earliest reference to Manetho's "Aegyptiaca" is in Jewish historian Josephus's book, "Against Apion".

paragraphs: We do not know what Manetho's name means, some suggestions are "Gift of Thoth", "Beloved of Thoth", "Truth of Thoth", "Beloved of Neith", or "Lover of Neith", "Myinyu-heter" ("Horseherd" or "Groom") and "Ma'ani-Djehuti" ("I have seen Thoth").

paragraphs: We do not know when he was born or died. His book may have been written during the rule of Ptolemy I Soter (323–283 BC) and Ptolemy II Philadelphus (285–246 BC). The "Hibeh Papyri", dated to 241/40 BC, suggests he may been writing during the rule of Ptolemy III Euergetes (246–222 BC). He wrote in the Greek language. Other works he wrote include "Against Herodotus", "The Sacred Book", "On Antiquity and Religion", "On Festivals", "On the Preparation of Kyphi", and the "Digest of Physics". The "Book of Sothis" on astrology, may also be written by him.

paragraphs: He was probably a priest of the sun god Ra at Heliopolis. He knew a lot about the cult of Sarapis based on Osiris and Apis. Sarapis was a Greco-Macedonian version of the Egyptian cult dating back to Alexander the Great. Tacitus and Plutarch wrote that Ptolemy (probably Ptolemy Soter) imported a statue of the god.

paragraphs: The "Aegyptiaca", the "History of Egypt", may have been Manetho's largest work. It was in date order and divided into three volumes. In "Aegyptiaca", he invented the word "dynasty" to mean a group of kings with a common origin. It came from the Greek word "dynasteia", meaning "governmental power". He was the first person to group the rulers into dynasties. He did not use the word to mean families. He began a new dynasty when there was a break or change in the power of government. For example, there was a break between the Fourth Dynasty in Memphis, and the Fifth Dynasty at Elephantine. He included details of many of the kings.

paragraphs: "Aegyptiaca" may have been written as an Egyptian history, to be more accurate than Herodotus' "Histories". Hiis other book, "Against Herodotus", may be just have been a short version of "Aegyptiaca". There are no original copies of either book.

paragraphs: "Aegyptiaca" has not survived as a complete book. It is very possible that what has been kept was rewritten by other writers to support their Egyptian, Jewish, or Greek histories. This makes it difficult for modern historians to know how reliable it is as a history.

paragraphs: The earliest mention of Manetho is in Josephus' "Contra Apionem" ("Against Apion"). This was written nearly 400 years after "Aegyptiaca". It is clear that Josephus did not have the original of Manethos' book. At about the same time, a short version, the Epitome, of the book was being used. This kept Manetho's brief list of dynasties and a some parts that were seen as important. For example, it had that the first Dynasty, Menes, "was snatched and killed by a hippopotamus". It is not known if any of the short version is Manetho's original writing. Copies were written by Sextus Julius Africanus and Eusebius of Caesarea. Eusebius's copy was used by Jerome in his Latin translation, an Armenian translation, and by George Syncellus. Syncellus saw that the copies by Eusebius and Africanus were almost the same, so he placed them side by side in his work, "Ecloga Chronographica".

paragraphs: These last four copies are the only copies of the epitome of Manetho. Other sections are in Malalas's "Chronographia" and "Excerpta Latina Barbari" ("Excerpts in Bad Latin").

paragraphs: Manetho used lists of kings to provide a structure for his history. Josephus wrote that Manetho also used stories, myths and legends for his book. This was common among historians of that time. He must have known the Greek work of Herodotus. He tried to link Egyptian history with Greek history. For example, he links King Memnon with Amenophis, and Armesis with Danaos). It is possible that these links may have been the work of later writers. We do know he could write in the Greek language.

paragraphs: The king-list that Manetho used is unknown. The Turin King List is the one that is the most similar. The oldest source to compare with Manetho are the "Old Kingdom Annals" (c. 2500-2200 BC). There are also the Karnak king list, two at Abydos and the Saqqara list.

paragraphs: The "Old Kingdom Annals" only survive on the Palermo Stone. There are many differences between the stone and Manetho. The stone stops at the fifth dynasty. It includes the early kings of Lower Egypt and kings of Upper Egypt. Manetho lists several Greek and Egyptian gods beginning with Hephaistos and Helios. The "Annals" also give annual reports of the activities of the kings.

paragraphs: The New Kingdom lists left out some rulers. The list prepared for Seti I, has 76 kings from the First Dynasties to the Fourteenth, but leave out the Hyksos rulers and those linked to Akhenaten. The Saqqara list also does not include them in its list of 58 names. These names were left out for religious, rather than political reasons. If Manetho used these lists at all, he would have been unable to get all of his information from them.

paragraphs: The Turin King List was probably a government, rather than a religious document. It would not have needed to leave out kings for religious reasons. These sort of documents must have been available to Manetho. As a priest he would have had access to all written materials in the temple.

paragraphs: Manetho's list was probably from Lower Egypt. He included kings from the Third Intermediate Period, even such short-lived kings like Amenemnisu (5 years) and Osochor (6 years). But he left out the kings from Thebes, such as Osorkon III, Takelot III, Harsiese A and Pinedjem I and kings from Middle Egypt like Peftjaubast of Herakleopolis. Manetho's information must have come from a local city's temple library in the River Nile Delta. The Middle and Upper Egyptian Pharaohs did not control this part of the Delta; which is why they are left out of Manetho's king-list.

paragraphs: By the Middle Kingdom, Egyptian kings each had five different names. These were the "Horus" name; the "Two Ladies" name; the "Gold Horus" name; the "praenomen" or "throne name"; and a "nomen", the personal name given at birth (also called a "Son of Ra" name as it was preceded by "Sa Re'"). Some Pharaohs also had more than one of these names. For example, Ramesses II used six Horus names at various times. We do not know if Manetho knew about the different names of rulers long past. Not all the different names for each king have been discovered, and it maybe that the kings were known by other names as well as the official names. Because Manetho translated the names into Greek, we do not know the original Egyptian name.

paragraphs: Volume 1 begins from the earliest times. It lists gods and demigods as kings of Egypt. Stories of Isis, Osiris, Set, or Horus might have been found here. The book then lists kings from the First Dynasty I to the Eleventh Dynasty. This would have included the Old Kingdom, the First Intermediate Period, and the early Middle Kingdom.

paragraphs: Volume 2 covers Twelfth Dynasty to the Nineteenth. This includes the end of the Middle Kingdom and the Second Intermediate Period (XV–XVII—the Hyksos invasion), and the start of the New Kingdom. Josephus believed the Hyksos or "shepherd-kings" were the ancient Israelites who made their way out of Egypt ("Apion" 1.82–92).

paragraphs: Volume 3 starts with the Twentieth Dynasty and ends with the Thirtieth.

paragraphs: Egyptologists still use Manetho's way of grouping the pharaohs into dynasties. The French explorer and Egyptologist, Jean-François Champollion, had a copy of Manetho's lists to help him read the hieroglyphs. Modern histories now use both the modern translation of names and Manetho's version.


title: Chapakot Municipality

paragraphs: Chapakot is a municipality in the southeastern part of Syangja District in the Gandaki Zone of central Nepal. It is in the western region of Nepal. On 18 May 2014, the new municipality was formed by merging three existing villages. These were Ratnapur, Kuwakot and Chapakot. The office of the new municipality is the former Chapakot village development committee (VDC).

paragraphs: At the time of the 2011 Nepal census, Chapakot village had a population of 4,702. It had 1087 individual households. But now the total population is 12,742. There are now 2,902 individual households. It is on a plain surrounded by hills. To the east of Chapakot was Ratnapur VDC. To the west was Kuwakot VDC. The Kali Gandaki divides it from Palpa District to the south. To the north is Keware Bhanjyang.


title: The Next Step (2013 TV series)

paragraphs: The Next Step is a TV Program about a dance studio. It is filmed in Canada.


title: Black-headed parrot

paragraphs: The black-headed parrot is "Pionites melanocephalus". It lives in forests, most often in humid places, and nearby wooded habitats. They are known as 'caiques'.

paragraphs: The bird is widespread in South America, and has two subspecies which are very similar. It lives north of the Amazon River and west of the Ucayali River in Brazil, northern Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela. It is quite common and lives in many protected areas.

paragraphs: They are usually in pairs or small noisy groups of 10 to 30. They eat flowers, fruit, and seeds and possibly insects. Males and females look the same: they have identical plumage.


title: Oliver Wallace

paragraphs: Oliver George Wallace (August 6, 1887 – September 15, 1963) was an English-born American composer and conductor. He scored 139 animated short movies for Walt Disney Studios. He also wrote scores for several Disney documentaries, and feature movies. Wallace worked for Disney studios for 27 years. He died in a Burbank, California hospital on September, 15, 1963.

paragraphs: In 1941 Wallace won an Oscar for scoring the music for the animated movie "Dumbo". In 2008 he was honored with a Disney Legends award.


title: Vaginal flora

paragraphs: Vaginal flora or microbiota are tiny microorganisms that are part of the healthy reproductive organs in a woman. Humans have many very small organisms that are a normal part of the human body. These microorgansims can only be seen with a microscope. These organisms are bacteria and fungi. Almost all of them do not cause sickness, but it is still normal to have them inside or outside the body.

paragraphs: These small microorganisms are called microbiota by researchers. There are microbiota in the stomach, the skin, the mouth, the eyes, and microbiota in the vagina. The microbiota in humans help to stop infections caused by other bacteria. Vaginal microbiota help keep the vagina healthy. They help prevent infection caused other bacteria. Bacteria that cause sickness or infection are called pathogens. The normal vaginal microbiota stop pathogens from growing.

paragraphs: When a woman sees a doctor because she has fluid coming out of her vagina, the doctor might test the woman for bacteria pathogens. Pathogens can grow too fast. They can grow faster than the normal and healthy vaginal microbiota. An infection can make fluid come out of the vagina. This is called vaginal discharge. A good and healthy bacteria that keeps the vagina free from sickness is called Lactobacillus. There other good bacteria that keep the vagina healthy. Some of their names are: Peptostreptococcus, Propionibacterium, and Actinomyces.

paragraphs: If a woman catches a sexually transmitted disease, it will change the vaginal microbiota. The healthy vaginal microbiota can not stop or cure a sexually transmitted infection.


title: Alexander Gould

paragraphs: Alexander Jerome Gould (born May 4, 1994) is an American actor and voice actor. He is best known for voicing Nemo in "Finding Nemo", Twitch in "How to Eat Fried Worms" and Shane Botwin in "Weeds".

paragraphs: He was born in Los Angeles, California on May 4, 1994. His parents are Tom Gould and Valerie Gould. He has two sisters, Emma Gould, and Kelly Gould. Both are also actors. Gould has been an actor since the age of two. He had roles in the Television Series' Malcolm in the Middle and Ally McBeal. He voiced the title character, Nemo, in the animated movie "Finding Nemo". He also starred in How to Eat Fried Worms. He received a Young Artist Award for each. He won his third Young Artist Award in the Showtime series "Weeds".


title: Fernando de Araújo (East Timorese politician)

paragraphs: Fernando de Araújo (26 February 1963 – 2 June 2015) was an East Timorese politician. He was the President of the National Parliament from 8 August 2007 until 30 July 2012. He also served as the acting President of East Timor from 13 February until 17 April 2008.

paragraphs: Araújo was born in Manutaci, Ainaro District, in what was then Portuguese Timor. At the age of 12, he witnessed all 18 members of his family massacred by the Indonesian Army. He studied literature in Bali, Indonesia. He was married to Jacqueline Aquino Siapno of Dagupan City, Philippines.

paragraphs: Araújo died from a cerebral infarction on 2 June 2015 in Dili, aged 52.


title: Kirill Pokrovsky

paragraphs: Kirill Vladimirovich Pokrovsky (; 25 March 1962 – 1 June 2015) was a Russian composer and performer. He wrote the soundtrack for the "Divinity" series of video games produced by Larian Studios. He was born in Moscow.

paragraphs: Pokrovsky died on 1 June 2015 in Belgium, aged 53.


title: Slim Richey

paragraphs: Michael "Slim" Richey (February 11, 1938 – May 31, 2015) was an American guitarist, fiddle player, bandleader and publisher. He was known for his long white beard and electric guitar style on jazz, swing and country music. He called himself "the most dangerous guitar player in Texas". He began his career in 1960 and worked with artists such as Kat Edmonson, the Jazz Pharoahs, and the Jitterbug Vipers. He was born in Austin, Texas.

paragraphs: Richey died from lymphoma on May 31, 2015 in Austin, aged 77.


title: Gerald Götting

paragraphs: Gerald Götting (9 June 1923 – 19 May 2015) was a German politician. He was the East German President of the People's Chamber from 12 May 1969 until 29 October 1976.

paragraphs: Götting was born in Nietleben, Province of Saxony, now part of Halle, Saxony-Anhalt. During World War II, he served in the Reichsarbeitsdienst and later in the Wehrmacht. He was briefly held as a prisoner of war by U.S. forces in 1945.

paragraphs: Götting died after a long illness on 19 May 2015 in Berlin, aged 91.


title: Alan Bond (businessman)

paragraphs: Alan Bond (22 April 1938 – 5 June 2015) was a British-born Australian businessman.

paragraphs: Bond was known for his role in the WA Inc scandals of the 1980s. He was also known for bankrolling challenges for the yachting trophy the America's Cup. Because of this he won the Australian of the Year in 1978, along with Galarrwuy Yunupingu. He finally won the trophy in 1983, which had been held by the New York Yacht Club since 1851. In 1987, he paid $1 billion for the Nine television network from Kerry Packer's PBL, before selling the network back to PBL in 1990 for $250 million. In 1997, he was sentenced to seven years in prison for fraud, and was released in 2000.

paragraphs: Bond was born in Hammersmith, London, England. He moved to Western Australia in 1950 at the age of 12. He was married to Eileen Hughes from 1955 until their divorce in 1992. He was later married to Diana Bliss from 1995 until her suicide in 2012. He had four children.

paragraphs: Bond suffered issues after open heart surgery and was put into an induced coma on 2 June 2015 at a Perth hospital. Bond died on 5 June 2015 after surgical complications at the age of 77.


title: Bill Shorten

paragraphs: William Richard "Bill" Shorten (born 12 May 1967) is an Australian politician. He was been the Leader of the Labor Party and Leader of the Opposition since 13 October 2013.

paragraphs: Shorten was born in Melbourne, Victoria. He is of English and Irish ancestry. He has been married twice and has a daughter. He is a Catholic.

paragraphs: Shorten lost to become Prime Minister of Australia in the 2016 federal election to Malcolm Turnbull and again in the 2019 election to Scott Morrison. After his 2019 defeat, Shorten said he would step down as party leader. He was replaced by Anthony Albanese.


title: Bashi Channel

paragraphs: The Bashi Channel is a waterway between Taiwan and the Philippines. It is part of the Luzon Strait in the Pacific Ocean. It lies between Y'Ami Island of the Philippines and Orchid Island of Taiwan. The Philippines call Orchrid Island Botel Tobago. Many undersea cables use this channel. It is also important for military operations. Both Taiwan and the Philippines say the channel belongs to them.


title: Undersea cable

paragraphs: An Undersea cable or Submarine communications cable is a cable that is laid in the sea or in waterways. Usually such cables either carry electricity or they are used for telecommunication. Cables longer than about use direct current, because the loss is too big with alternating current. Such cables are also built in a very rugged way.


title: Free! (anime)

paragraphs: Free! Iwatobi Swim Club is a Japanese anime based on swimming.

paragraphs: The main story is about four boys on a swim team. The boys were on a swim team together in elementary and middle school and were split up before high school. Two of the boys, Haruka Nanase and Makoto Tachibana were reunited by fate to both attend Iwatobi High School. Luckily for them, when the new arrival of first years came, the third member from their original swim team Nagisa Hazuki also arrived to Iwatobi High School. Haruka and Makoto were astonished to be reunited with another friend of theirs, however something was missing. The final member to their childhood swim team, Rin Matsouka. Rin had been studying abroad in Australia and recently came back to Japan to go to high school at Samezuka Academy. When Haruka, Makoto, and Nagisa all caught up, they run into the younger sister of their old friend Rin, Gou Matsouka, who fills the boys in about Rin's whereabouts and goals. They are all determined and decide to start their own swim club to have the opportunity to see Rin once more. With Gou as the manger and Makoto as the captain, the Iwatobi Swim Club needed one more thing to complete their team, a fourth member. The boys advertised everywhere however no one wanted to join. Until one day, Nagisa had stumbled across a first year who had a similarity with he and the other two boys on the team, he had a girly name.


title: Disney Legends

paragraphs: Disney Legends Awards are given to individuals whose work has made significant contributions to The Walt Disney Company. The award was created in 1987. It was designed to honor those employees whose accomplishments have helped create Disney magic. More than 200 people have received the Disney Legends award. A selection committee chooses who will receive the award. It is given out at a special ceremony.


title: Carrie (horror series)

paragraphs: Carrie is a horror series by Stephen King and released from 1974-2013.


title: Aviacsa

paragraphs: Aviacsa was a Mexican airline. It started operations in 1990. Aviacsa was a low-cost carrier based in Mexico City. In 2009 the Mexican government refused to allow Aviacsa to fly because of safety concerns. Aviacsa appealed the decision in court. Meanwhile, the FAA removed Aviacia's airworthiness certificate in the United States until it could resolve the safety issues in Mexico. Aviacsa ceased operations in July 2009. It was sold to the Madero Group in 2010. In 2011, Aviacsa was going to start flying again. However, it didn't happen because the airline owed a lot of money to the Mexican Government. Aviacsa stopped all operations for good on May 4, 2011. Interjet took over many of Aviacsa's old routes.


title: Ahmed Zewail

paragraphs: Ahmed Zewail (1946-2016) was an Egyptian chemist. He invented femtochemistry and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 1999.

paragraphs: Chemical reactions were once thought impossible to measure, because they happen in only a few femtoseconds. His Nobel award was for using laser technology to measure extremely fast chemical reactions. The laser technology showed how molecules changed during the reation. He was on the scientific advisory team for the President. Zewail encouraged basic Egyptian education and knowledge.


title: Daniel James, Jr.

paragraphs: Daniel James, Jr. (February 11th, 1920 – February 25th, 1978) was the first African-American four-star general officer in the United States military. He received his pilot training with the Tuskegee airmen during World War II. He flew planes during the Korean, and Vietnam Wars. He was a flight instructor in the United States Air Force. On receiving his fourth star he became commander-in-chief of the North American Aerospace Defense Command in 1975.

paragraphs: He died of a heart attack February 25th, 1978 in Colorado Springs, Colorado. On March 2, 1978, General James was buried at Arlington National Cemetery with full military honors. His widow, Dorothy W. James, died on May 2, 2000, in San Antonio, Texas. She is buried next to General James at Arlington.

paragraphs: James won the following awards (Each oak leaf cluster and service stars represents one additional award):


title: Misty Copeland

paragraphs: Misty Copeland (born September 10, 1982) is a ballet dancer for American Ballet Theatre (ABT). She made history in 2007 as the third African American to be promoted to the rank of soloist in two decades. She is the fourth African-American soloist, and the first in two decades with ABT.

paragraphs: On June 30, 2015, Copeland became the first African American woman to be promoted to principal dancer in ABT's 75-year history

paragraphs: She starred as Odette in George Balanchine's Swan Lake. Copeland is considered a prodigy because she rose to stardom despite not starting ballet until the age of 13. She is the fourth African-American soloist, and the first in two decades with ABT.

paragraphs: The ABT is one of the three leading classical ballet companies in the United States.


title: Qubool Hai

paragraphs: Qubool Hai (English: "I Accept") is a soap opera on Zee TV. The show tells about the Muslim community. It wants to break stereotypes about Islam.

paragraphs: The program has received praise for leading the way for more TV shows about Muslim culture and family life. It was produced by 4 Lions Films and by Divine Multimedia.

paragraphs: The program uses both drama and romance. It tells about the lives of three characters, Zoya, Ayaan and Asad. The three are really different from each other but their lives have been brought together by fate. Producer Gul Khan said, "The show is about a journey of life, its trials and tribulations and acceptance of one's fate. It is said that God gives us the strength to change what we can and the courage to accept what we can't".

paragraphs: The story usually takes place in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. It moved to Punjab, India for a month in April 2014. This was because the story jumped ahead 20 years to tell about the life of Asad and Zoya's daughter, Sanam. Production was back in Bhopal in May 2014, because Sanam went back to the city where her mother and father lived.

paragraphs: The program is still airing in June 2015, and has shown more than 680 episodes. With so many episodes and character changes, a number of different actors have played the various roles. The Show ended After 856 Episodes. It was one of the longest Indian soap opera running in this period.


title: Marissa Mayer

paragraphs: Marissa Mayer is the president and CEO of Yahoo!. She started as the head of the company in 2012.

paragraphs: Mayer went to college at Stanford University. She studied computer science there. After college, she went to Google in 1999 as the first female engineer when she was 24 years old. She worked at Google until 2012.

paragraphs: When she went to Yahoo!, the company was losing money. She helped them improve. During her first year, their stock prices increased by 75%.


title: Wilma Mankiller

paragraphs: Wilma Mankiller (November 18, 1945 – April 6, 2010) was the first woman to be the chief of the Cherokee Nation in Oklahoma. She helped the Cherokee with some major problems, including unemployment, health care, and education. Mankiller helped take action on the unemployment issue by supporting new businesses. She also hugely increased the Cherokee nation's membership numbers, which was a great accomplishment. The Cherokee population increased by over 100,000 members. She survived a severe car crash, a kidney transplant, as well as a few illnesses. She died in 2010, at age 65 years from a form of cancer.


title: Vivienne Tam

paragraphs: Vivienne Tam is a fashion designer. She wants to make clothing that balances both Chinese and American cultures. This was important because most of the successful fashion designers were either American or French. Her company earns over $40,000,000 annually.


title: Avi Beker

paragraphs: Avi Beker (1951 – 4 June 2015) was an Israeli writer, statesman, and academic. Beker served as secretary-general of the World Jewish Congress from 2001 to 2003. He was born in Tel Aviv.

paragraphs: Beker died on 4 June 2015 of cancer, aged 64.


title: Leonid Plyushch

paragraphs: Leonid Plyushch (Ukrainian: Плющ Леонід Іванович; 26 April 1938 – 4 June 2015) was a Ukrainian mathematician and Soviet dissident. Plyushch became a dissident by taking a public stance on political hot topics of the time. He was arrested in January 1972 on charges of anti-Soviet activity, and was jailed for a year before his trial began.

paragraphs: Plyushch was born into a Ukrainian working-class family in 1938 in Naryn, Kirghizia. He died on 4 June 2015 in France, aged 77.


title: Sybil Ludington

paragraphs: Sybil Ludington (April 5, 1761 – February 26, 1839) was a heroine of the American Revolutionary War. She was the daughter of Colonel Henry Ludington. In 1773 he joined the rebel cause. He was the colonel of the local regiment. Sybil Ludington became famous for her night ride on April 26, 1777 to alert American colonial forces to the approach of the British Regulars. Her action was similar to the ride of Paul Revere. She rode more than twice the distance of Revere. She was only 16 years old at the time of her ride.


title: Molly Pitcher

paragraphs: Molly Pitcher is the name given to a legendary Revolutionary War heroine. There is no record of a real person named "Molly Pitcher" in Revolutionary war records. Most historians agree it was a nickname for a person doing a particular job. It is thought the name came from a soldier's cry for a pitcher of water to drink or to cool their overheated cannons. Molly was a common woman's nickname at the time.

paragraphs: Stories about the American Revolution were first told by word of mouth. This allowed the storyteller to exaggerate or even invent history. The stories keep being told today even though recent scholarship has proved they are not authentic. Molly Pitcher is a composite of more than one person. A great many women helped soldiers on the battlefields during the Revolutionary war. Most were wives and children of soldiers. According to the legend, "Molly Pitcher" took over the firing of a cannon after her husband was wounded. The Battle of Monmouth is the most likely source for the rise of the legend. Her story was started many years after the war by writers and artists. A Currier and Ives print of a "Captain Molly" appeared in 1848. The first written mention of Molly Pitcher didn't appear until 1859. It wasn't until 1876 that someone published a genealogy claiming a local woman was the real Molly Pitcher. After that the cult of Molly Pitcher grew and grew.

paragraphs: There is often a kernel of truth in every legend. Molly Pitcher is no exception. Molly Pitcher is as popular as ever and has found her way into grade-school and high-school textbooks. Many other sources just repeat one version or another of the legend. Internet sources even argue whether Molly Pitcher was a feminist. There are several women whose story may make up a part of the Mary Pitcher legend:

paragraphs: Molly Pitcher was not just one person. She was inspired by the actions of several Revolutionary War women who made real contributed to the effort. They served in many capacities with patriotism and courage. The Revolutionary war was more a war of small skirmishes than full scale battles. It was not at all unusual for women to be drawn into a battles. Women filled many roles traditionally thought of as being filled only by men.

paragraphs: Joseph Plumb Martin was a soldier in the Continental Army. He kept a narrative of his experiences. This came to the attention of historians in the 1950s. Martin describes an incident at the Battle of Monmouth involving an unnamed woman:


title: Marksmanship Ribbon

paragraphs: A Marksmanship Ribbon is an award by the United States Navy, Air Force, and Coast Guard. It is awarded to service members who achieve an above-average score on a weapons qualification course. Also, there are select State National Guard organizations that award marksmanship ribbons for high placement in state-level marksmanship competitions.

paragraphs: The U.S. Navy has issued two marksmanship ribbons: the "Navy Pistol Marksmanship Ribbon" and "Navy Rifle Marksmanship Ribbon", since 1920. The pistol ribbon is awarded for qualification on the Beretta M9 9mm pistol. The rifle ribbon is awarded for qualification on the M14 and M16 rifle variants.

paragraphs: The Navy issues the marksmanship ribbon in three levels — that of Marksman, Sharpshooter, and Expert. The basic ribbon is awarded for the Marksman level. The specific Marksmanship Device is awarded for qualification as a Sharpshooter or Expert. Those receiving an Expert qualification receive the Marksmanship Medal in addition to the Marksmanship Ribbon.

paragraphs: Between 1942 and 1960, the Navy also issued ribbons known as the Distinguished Marksmanship Ribbons. These awards were declared obsolete by 1965.

paragraphs: The United States Air Force awards a single ribbon, known as the "Small Arms Expert Marksmanship Ribbon". It is for expert qualification on either the M-16 rifle, M-4 carbine or the individuals AFSC's (duty) designated pistol. The ribbon is issued in only one degree. But, a bronze service star may be worn on the ribbon for those who have qualified expert on both the service rifle and pistol. The ribbon was authorized by the Secretary of the Air Force on Aug. 28, 1962. It was awarded to all Air Force service members who qualified after Jan. 1, 1963. Prior to the ribbon, Air Force members were awarded with the United States Air Force Small Arms Marksmanship Certificate of Achievement (AF Form 1193 Jan 1961).

paragraphs: The Coast Guard Marksmanship Ribbons are issued under the same criteria as the U.S. Navy. But Coast Guardsmen use a .40 cal SIG Sauer P229R DAK pistol instead of the Navy's M9 pistol. The Coast Guard issues two ribbons. they are known as the "Coast Guard Pistol Marksmanship Ribbon" and the "Coast Guard Rifle Marksmanship Ribbon". The Marksmanship Device is awarded for qualification at the higher levels of sharpshooter and expert. Like the Navy, for those who receive an expert qualification, the Marksmanship Medal is awarded instead of the Marksmanship Ribbon.

paragraphs: Once a year, thousands of Army and Air National Guard shooters (champion marksmanship teams from each state) compete against each other at the Winston P. Wilson Rifle and Pistol Championships. In the Missouri National Guard, the top twelve guardsmen selected to represent their state at the Winston P. Wilson matches are awarded the Governor's Twelve Ribbon. This is worn on dress uniforms. Any guardsman who earns the award more than once wear Hawthorn Cluster Device(s) on top of the ribbon. In addition, these guardsman are awarded the Governor's Twelve Tab for wear on the combat uniform.

paragraphs: Similarly, the Adjutant General of Missouri awards the Adjutant General's Twenty Ribbon to soldiers and airmen. It is awarded to those who qualify among the top twenty competitors at the Missouri State Combat Matches conducted each year. They are the top eight combat rifle shooters, the top eight pistol shooters, the top two light machine gun teams, and the top two scout/sniper teams. In addition to this ribbon, these guardsman are also awarded the Adjutant General's Twenty Combat Badge for wear on the combat uniform.

paragraphs: Guardsmen are authorized to wear these ribbons as a permanent decoration on service dress uniforms, to the left of federal awards, when operating under Title 32 (state control) status. When federalized (Title 10), guardsman cannot wear these ribbons until they return to Title 32 status.

paragraphs: The U.S. Army and U.S. Marine Corps provide Weapons Qualification Badges instead of a Marksmanship Ribbon. For the services that award the Marksmanship Ribbon, re-qualification is not necessary once a service member has obtained the award. The ribbon may be worn throughout an individual's career. In the Navy and Coast Guard, the Marksmanship Ribbon may be upgraded with a Marksmanship Device if a higher qualification is achieved.


title: Claudette Colvin

paragraphs: Claudette Colvin was born on September 5, 1939 in Birmingham, Alabama. She grew up in Montgomery, Alabama. Colvin was arrested on March 2, 1955 for not giving up her seat to a white woman. She was 15 years old when this happened. Colvin was put on trial on several charges including violating the segregation ordinance. The court found her guilty. She was beaten up and ridiculed by white people after the incident. Colvin was placed on probation. Reverend Johnson bailed her out and when she got back home, everyone was so proud of her. In 1956, about one year after Colvin refused to give up her seat, her lawyer, Fred Gray, filed the landmark federal lawsuit: Browder v Gayle. This case stopped segregation on public transportation in Montgomery Alabama. Claudette’s incident was before Rosa Parks even though she isn’t acknowledged much. Around this time, Colvin was getting involved in the Youth Council of Montgomery of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).Even though the got a light sentence from the court, she was branded a troublemaker. She dropped out of college and could not find a job. Colvin moved to New York City in 1958. There she worked as a nurse assistant in a nursing home while living there. Colvin retired in 2004. She is currently 76 years old. Although she is relatively unknown, Colvin played an important part in the Civil rights movement.


title: TAT-1

paragraphs: TAT-1 (Transatlantic No. 1) was the first submarine transatlantic telephone cable system. It was laid between Oban, Scotland and Clarenville, Newfoundland. Two cables were laid between 1955 and 1956. One cable for each direction. It was inaugurated on September 25, 1956. The cable was able to carry 35 simultaneous telephone calls. A 36th channel was used to carry up to 22 telegraph lines.

paragraphs: The first transatlantic telegraph cable had been laid in 1858 (see Cyrus West Field). It only operated for a month, but was replaced with a successful connection in 1866. A radio-based transatlantic telephone service was started in 1927. It charged £9 for three minutes. A telephone cable was discussed at that time. But it was not practical until a number of technological advances arrived in the 1940s.

paragraphs: The developments that made TAT-1 possible were coaxial cable, polyethylene insulation, very reliable vacuum tubes for the submerged repeaters and an improvement in carrier equipment. Transistors were not used, being a recent invention of unknown longevity.


title: Tom Lewis (Australian politician)

paragraphs: Thomas Lancelot (Tom) Lewis AO (23 January 1922 – 25 April 2016) was a New South Wales politician. He served as Premier of New South Wales and Minister in the cabinets of Sir Robert Askin and Sir Eric Willis. He became Premier following Askin's retirement from politics and held the position until he was replaced by Willis in a party vote. Lewis was first elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for the Electoral district of Wollondilly for the Liberal Party of Australia from 1957 until his resignation in 1978.


title: Goff Letts

paragraphs: Dr Godfrey Alan (Goff) Letts CBE (born 18 January 1928) is an Australian politician. He was the Majority Leader of the Northern Territory of Australia from 1974 to 1977.


title: James Armistead Lafayette

paragraphs: James Armistead Lafayette (December 10, 1760 – August 9, 1830) was an African American slave. He served in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War as a double agent. He served under the Marquis de Lafayette. He reported on the activities of Benedict Arnold after he had gone over to the British. He also reported on Lord Cornwallis just before the Battle of Yorktown. James gave the British false information on the Americans.

paragraphs: He was an African-American slave. He was owned by William Armistead of Virginia. James took his master's name and called himself James Armistead. James was born about 1748 in Virginia.During that time, the British had destroyed Richmond, Virginia. He lived in New Kent (36 minutes away from Richmond), which made him want to join even more.

paragraphs: After getting the consent of his master, he volunteered in 1781 to join the American army under the Marquis de Lafayette. The Marquis used him as a spy. Armistead posed as a runaway slave to the British. He joined the camp of Brigadier General Benedict Arnold the turncoat who was leading some British forces in the area. Pretending to be a spy for the British, Armistead gained Arnold's trust. Arnold used him to guide British troops through local roads. ""The ex-slave, who later renamed himself James Armistead Lafayette in the general's honor, served as a double agent against the british under the avowedly antislavery Lafayette.""

paragraphs: After Arnold departed north in the spring of 1781, James went to the camp of Lord Charles Cornwallis. Again he posed as a runaway slave. He was given a job serving General Cornwallis. He moved frequently between British camps. In each case the officers would speak openly about their strategies in front of him. James kept this information in written reports. He gave these reports to other American spies. In this way he relayed much information about the British plans for troop movements and about their weapons. Cornwallis hired James to spy for the British. When he was sent to spy on the Americans he brought back an order for General Daniel Morgan to bring up all his reserves. Morgan didn't have any reserves, it was a false order. But it kept Cornwallis where he was leading to his defeat at the Battle of Yorktown. The intelligence reports from his espionage were also instrumental in helping to defeat the British.

paragraphs: After the war James had to return to his live as a slave. He was not eligible for emancipation under the Act of 1783 for slave-soldiers. Spies were not considered soldiers. When Lafayette returned to Virginia in 1784 he found out that James was still a slave.

paragraphs: The Marquis de Lafayette wrote a letter to the Virginia legislature praising James and what he did.The quote said, “This is to certify that the bearer by the name of James has done essential services to me while I had the honour to command in this state. His intelligences from the enemy’s camp were industriously collected and faithfully delivered. He perfectly acquitted himself with some important commissions I gave him and appears to me entitled to every reward his situation can admit of.” -Lafayette. This won James his freedom and a pension. James took the name James Armistead Lafayette.

paragraphs: James, now James Armistead Lafayette, bought forty acres of land in Virginia and began farming. He married and had a large family. He died August 9, 1830 on his farm in New Kent County, Virginia.


title: Eric Neal

paragraphs: Sir Eric James Neal AC CVO FTSE HonFAIB (born 3 June 1924) is an Australian politician. He was the Governor of South Australia 1996-2001, Commissioner of Sydney from 1987 to 1988, and until the start of 2010, the Chancellor of Flinders University.


title: Phillip Bennett

paragraphs: General Sir Phillip Harvey Bennett (born 27 December 1928) is an Australian politician. He is a retired senior officer of the Australian Army. He served as Chief of the Australian Defence Force from 1984 to 1987, and later as Governor of Tasmania from 1987 to 1995.


title: Duke Aiona

paragraphs: James "Duke" Aiona (born June 8, 1955) is a Republican state government official for the U.S. state of Hawaii. He has spent his life trying to make Hawaii a better place to live in his role as Lieutenant Governor. During his first term in 2002, he made a campaign to stop drug abuse including crystal methamphetamine and underage drinking. He was the rival of Democrat David Ige who defeated him in the 2014 election for governor.


title: Evelyn Boyd Granville

paragraphs: Evelyn Boyd Granville (born May, 1, 1924) the first African American to get a doctoral degree in math from Yale. She was born in Washington, D.C.. Around this time period, not many Americans acknowledged African Americans, especially African American women. She became a professor at Fisk University. She also worked for IBM and for NASA on the Project Vanguard and Project Mercury space programs. She also taught at California State University in Los Angeles. She spent most of her career as an applied mathematician for the Diamond Ordinance Fuze Laboratories.


title: Madhur Jaffrey

paragraphs: Madhur Jaffrey, CBE (born 13 August 1933) is an Indian cook and writer. She has been recognized in many magazine articles. Sixteen of her books are cookbooks. The other four are stories. One of her cookbooks is "Madhur Jaffrey's World Vegetarian: More Than 750 Meatless Recipes from Around the Globe". One of her stories is "Robi Dobi: The Marvelous Adventures of an Indian Elephant." In her recipes, she often uses many spices and herbs. She was married to actor Saeed Jaffrey.


title: Jerry Collins

paragraphs: Jerry Collins (4 November 1980 – 5 June 2015) was a professional New Zealand rugby union player. He played for the All Blacks between 2001 and 2007. At the time of his death, he was playing for RC Narbonne. He also played for the Hurricanes, Wellington, Toulon, Ospreys, Yamaha Júbilo.

paragraphs: Collins was born in Apia, Samoa. He grew up in Porirua, Wellington. He and his partner, Alana, had a daughter, Ayla.

paragraphs: Collins and his partner were killed in a car accident on 5 June 2015 near Béziers, Hérault in southern France. He was 34. His three-month-old daughter was badly injured and was flown to a Montpellier hospital.


title: Margaret Juntwait

paragraphs: Margaret Juntwait (March 18, 1957 – June 3, 2015) was an American radio broadcaster. She was the voice of the Metropolitan Opera radio broadcasts from December 11, 2004, replacing Peter Allen when he retired after 29 years.

paragraphs: Juntwait was born in Ridgewood, New Jersey. She grew up in Upper Saddle River. She was married to Jamie Katz and had four children.

paragraphs: Juntwait died from ovarian cancer on June 3, 2015 in Saddle River, aged 58.


title: Trait

paragraphs: A trait or character in biology is a feature of a living thing. It is part of an organism's phenotype.

paragraphs: Every living thing, from tiny organisms like bacteria, to plants, animals and humans, has some characteristics which make it special. Thus an elephant has tusks, large size and weight, large ears and very large molar teeth (et cetera). These are typical characters of the African and Indian elephants.

paragraphs: Biologists call those "traits". The living thing is built in a certain way; this is its "anatomy", its structure or body. The physical structure "works" in a certain way; this is its function, the way its body works. An animal also "acts" in a certain way; this is its behavior.

paragraphs: The way that a living thing is structured, the way its body works and the way that it acts are all traits. The basic traits are shared by all the members of the group, "that is why they are put in the same group". Other traits are only shared by a small number of the group.

paragraphs: Traits are heritable: they can be passed on from one generation to the next by genes. Mendel's work involved the inheritance of traits on pea plants. The whole group of traits of an organism is its phenotype.

paragraphs: Different sources use the term differently. 'Trait' competes with the term 'character'.

paragraphs: According to some authorities, trait and character are synonyms:

paragraphs: This works well with Mendelian characters. In such cases, a character is a feature of a species which may present as various traits. Examples:

paragraphs: But not all characters are inherited in the simple manner of Mendel's pea characters. For example, an animal's weight is a character, but many genes contribute to it, and so does the animal's environment from birth. Weight is a) continuous rather than discrete (separate steps), b) polygenic (controlled by a number of genes), and c) because weight is influenced by both heredity and environment.

paragraphs: To avoid this issue, some sources use only the term character. Futuyma uses this system for Mendelian characters:

paragraphs: This use of 'character state' allows Futuyma to use terms such as 'ancestral state' and 'derived state' when talking about the evolution of characters.


title: Billa (supermarket)

paragraphs: Billa (stylised BILLA) is an Austrian supermarket chain. It has over 1,600 locations in Europe with over a thousand in Austria alone. They also operate in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Romania, Russia, Croatia and Ukraine. Billa was founded by Karl Wlaschek in 1953, and are owned by Germany's REWE Group.


title: Tariq Aziz

paragraphs: Tariq Aziz (born Mikhail Yuhanna; 28 April 1936 – 5 June 2015) was an Iraqi politician for the Ba'ath Party. He served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs from 24 January 1983 until 22 March 1991. He also served as the Deputy Prime Minister from 1 August 1965 until 9 April 2003. For decades he was a close adviser to Saddam Hussein.

paragraphs: Aziz was born in the town of Tel Keppe near Mosul to a Chaldean Catholic family. He studied English at Baghdad University. He later worked as a journalist, before joining the Ba'ath Party in 1957. He was married to Violet Yusef Nobud and had children.

paragraphs: Aziz was arrested in 2003 and spent the rest of his life in custody. He died in hospital from a heart attack on 5 June 2015 in Nasiriyah, aged 79. He also suffered from heart disease, depression, diabetes, and ulcers.


title: Frequent-flyer program

paragraphs: A frequent-flyer program is offered by an airline to reward its customers for loyalty. People who are part of the program usually earn miles (frequent-flyer points). These miles can be redeemed (exchanged) for free flights or other products and services. Many airline alliances allow customers to earn and redeem miles with a number of airlines. This may also work with a codeshare agreement. The first airline to launch a frequent-flyer program was American Airlines.


title: Charles Bukowski

paragraphs: Henry Charles Bukowski (born Heinrich Karl Bukowski; August 16, 1920 – March 9, 1994) was a German-American poet, novelist, and short story writer.

paragraphs: His writing was influenced by the social, cultural, and economic ambience of his home city of Los Angeles. His work addresses the ordinary lives of poor Americans, the act of writing, alcohol, relationships with women, and the drudgery of work. He died of leukemia.


title: Cyrus West Field

paragraphs: Cyrus West Field (November 30, 1819 – July 12, 1892) was an American businessman and financier who, along with other entrepreneurs, created the Atlantic Telegraph Company and laid the first telegraph cable across the Atlantic Ocean in 1858. Field was born in Stockbridge, Massachusetts. When he was 16 years old, he moved to New York City. There he apprenticed in the largest dry goods business in the city. He went to work for the paper wholesaler E. Root and Company. When the company failed he bought up the stock. He built it up as Cyrus W. Field and Company. He became one of the city's richest men. Profits permitted him to retire at the age 34 with a fortune of $250,000. Bad investments left Field without most of his fortune at the end of his life. He died in New York City on July 12, 1892.


title: Kurt Weber

paragraphs: Kurt Weber (24 May 1928 – 4 June 2015) was a Polish cinematographer. He was known for working on comedic and dramatic films from the 1950s to the 1980s.


title: Killing Reagan

paragraphs: Killing Reagan: A Violent Assault That Changed a Presidency is a book written by Bill O'Reilly and Martin Dugard. It is about the attempted assassination of U.S President Ronald Reagan.

paragraphs: The book is the fifth in the "Killing" series. It follows "Killing Lincoln", "Killing Kennedy", "Killing Jesus", and "Killing Patton". The book was released on September 22, 2015.

paragraphs: On September 26, 2015, about a week after the novel's release, National Geographic announced that a television movie version was being made. There was no specific release date or cast. In May 2016, it was announced that Tim Matheson and Cynthia Nixon would play Ronald and Nancy Reagan respectively in the movie. Filming was to begin in late May. The movie was to be released sometime in the fall of 2016.


title: Bengt Berndtsson

paragraphs: Bengt Berndtsson (26 January 1933 – 4 June 2015) was a Swedish football winger. He was born in Gothenburg. Berndtsson played for the Sweden national football team, and was a member of the squad at the 1958 FIFA World Cup finals.


title: Shallot

paragraphs: Shallots are a type of onion. They are a botanical variety of the species "Allium cepa". The shallot was previously classified as a separate species, "A. ascalonicum".

paragraphs: Shallots seldom produce seeds. They are increased by dividing its compound bulbs. These are made up of several bulblets or cloves held together at the base. The bulblets are planted the same as onion sets. Each set develops into a compound set. The mature bulbs are harvested, cured and stored the same way as onions. In suitable storage, the bulbs keep from one season to the next.

paragraphs: The flavor of shallots is a little milder than onions. The chief uses it for flavoring curries. Both leaves and cloves are used. Leaves are also consumed as green vegetables. Like their cousins onions and garlics, this is also considered as non-vegetarian food in India. Most of the crop is produced for sale in the green state. But some dry bulbs are also used. They are also used for pickling.


title: Aneesa Ahmed

paragraphs: Aneesa Ahmed (Arabic: أنيسة أحمد) is a Maldivian women's rights activist. In 2012, she received the International Women of Courage Award. She was the second woman from the Maldivies to receive this award.

paragraphs: Aneesa studied at Pennsylvania State University from 1985 to 1986. She was a Humphrey Fellow.

paragraphs: Aneesa was Deputy Minister of Women's Affairs in Maldives. She talked about domestic violence, even though it was a taboo subject. After her job in the government, she started the NGO "Hope for Women". She talked about violence against women with police, students, and others.

paragraphs: When the national radio of the Maldives had talks by religious students who said female genital mutilation was Islamic, she asked the government to stop them. She talked about the harm caused by female genital mutilation.


title: Hunting magic

paragraphs: Hunting magic is a term to say that forms of magic are associated with rituals in hunter-gatherer societies. Such rituals may be the start of religion.


title: Pierre Brice

paragraphs: Pierre Brice (born Pierre-Louis Baron de Bris; 6 February 1929 – 6 June 2015) was a French actor and singer. He began his career in the 1950s. He was best known for his role as the Apaca chief Winnetou in the German Karl May movies.

paragraphs: Brice was born in Brest. He fought for the French Army in the First Indochina War. He was married to Hella Krekel from 1981 until his death.

paragraphs: Brice died from pneumonia on 6 June 2015 in Paris. He was 86.


title: Hermann Zapf

paragraphs: Hermann Zapf (8 November 1918 – 4 June 2015) was a German typeface designer. He was born in Nuremberg. From 1951 until his death, he was married to educator Gudrun Zapf-von Hesse. Typefaces he designed include Palatino, Optima and Zapfino.

paragraphs: Zapf died at his home in Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany on 4 June 2015 at the age of 96.


title: Lories and lorikeets

paragraphs: Lories and lorikeets (tribe Loriini) are small to medium-sized arboreal parrots. They have special brush-tipped tongues to feed on nectar of blossoms and soft fruits, preferably berries.

paragraphs: They are a monophyletic group in the parrot family Psittacidae. Sequence analysis and morphology show that the group is in the middle of other groups.

paragraphs: They are widely distributed throughout the Australasian region, including south-eastern Asia, Polynesia, Papua New Guinea, Timor Leste and Australia, and the majority have very brightly coloured plumage.

paragraphs: Those studies show that the lories and lorikeets form a single group, closely related to the budgerigar and the fig parrots.


title: Tribe (biology)

paragraphs: A tribe in biology is a monophyletic group inside a family. It is a term used in taxonomy.

paragraphs: More exactly, it is a rank above genus and below subfamily. The Hominini, the hominins, is the tribe to which our species belongs.


title: Santiago Auserón

paragraphs: Santiago Auserón, also known as Juan Perro (July 25, 1954 in Zaragoza, Aragon) is a Spanish singer and lyricist. He was songwriter and vocalist of Spanish rock's Radio Futura.

paragraphs: From 1972 to 1977 he attended the University of Madrid where he studied philosophy. After that he attended the University of Vincennes in Saint-Denis, where he stayed one year.

paragraphs: In 1979, Auserón founded Radio Futura, being part of Madrilenian Scene ().

paragraphs: In 1992, he left the group and started his career as a soloist under his pseudonym "Juan Perro".


title: Ludvík Vaculík

paragraphs: Ludvík Vaculík (23 July 1926 – 6 June 2015) was a Czech writer and journalist. He was born in Brumov. He was a known samizdat writer. He was the most known as the author of the "Two Thousand Words" manifesto of June 1968.

paragraphs: Vaculík died at the age of 88 on 6 June 2015.


title: Miguel-Ángel Cárdenas

paragraphs: Miguel-Ángel Cárdenas (October 3, 1934 - June 2, 2015), also known as Michel Cardena, was a Colombian-Dutch, New Realism and Pop Art painter. He was known for his video art in the Netherlands. His works covered many artistic media, including painting, drawing, video, photography, object assemblages and digital art. He was born in Espinal, Tolima, Colombia.


title: Mefistofele

paragraphs: Mefistofele is an Italian opera in a prologue, four acts and an epilogue; with music and libretto. It is by Arrigo Boito and is based on Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's play "Faust". It was first performed in Milan, on March 5, 1868. A revised version was performed in Bologna, on October 4, 1875.

paragraphs: The opera was performed as part of the 2013/2014 season at the Croatian National Theatre, in Split. The director was Michał Znaniecki and the conductor was Nikša Bareza.

paragraphs: In August 2014, the opera was performed in the 13th Opera Festival of the Theatro da Paz in Belém, Brazil. Mefistofeles was played by Denis Sedov and Faust was played by Fernando Portari.


title: Pavel Kohout

paragraphs: Pavel Kohout (born July 20, 1928 in Prague) is a Czech and Austrian novelist, playwright, and poet. He was a member of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. He was a Prague Spring exponent and dissident in the 1970s until he was expelled to Austria. He was a founding member of the Charter 77 movement.


title: Bad Blood (Taylor Swift song)

paragraphs: "Bad Blood" is a song by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. The song came from her fifth studio album "1989". The album version of the song only has Swift as the vocalist on verses. The single version has a different instrumental and guest vocals from rapper Kendrick Lamar on verses.

paragraphs: Swift wrote "Bad Blood" about an undisclosed female artist. She says that the artist attempted to sabotage one of her concert tours by hiring people that worked for her (Swift). There are rumors from "Rolling Stone", "Billboard", "Time" and "Washington Post" that singer-songwriter Katy Perry is the subject of the song. The original album version of "Bad Blood" only has Swift singing.

paragraphs: "Bad Blood" first charted on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot 100 for 2 weeks in November of 2014. It also charted in January of 2015 as an album cut from "1989". It peaked at #78. After the music video premiere at the 2015 Billboard Music Awards, the remixed song with Kendrick Lamar re-entered the chart at #53 and #26 on the Digital Songs Chart. It sold over 47,000 digital copies. The song hit #1 on "Billboard" Hot 100 on the week ending May 24, 2015. It sold 385,000 copies. It became Taylor's fourth #1 single. It was also her third from "1989" (following "Shake It Off" and "Blank Space"). That made Taylor Swift the first artist since Adele to have three Hot 100 chart-toppers from the same record. It was also her fourth consecutive top-ten single from "1989".

paragraphs: The original album version of "Bad Blood" received mixed reviews from music critics. But, the remixed version of the song received mostly positive reviews. Much of the praise was for Lamar's guest verses and the reworked instrumental. George Seabrook, writing for "The Edge" in Southampton, England, gave the song four-and-a-half stars out of five. He praised the song for "Lamar’s simple, brutally effective verses". He also said that Swift and Lamar made "not just one more meaningless stunt collaboration, but a powerful new duo".

paragraphs: The music video was directed by renowned director Joseph Kahn, with Swift producing it. He had also directed the music video for "Blank Space". The video was shot in Los Angeles on April 12, 2015. The setting for the video is the City of London. The music video premiered on May 17, 2015, at the start of the Billboard Music Awards. Several friends of Swift are present in the music video, such as British singer-songwriter Ellie Goulding, American entertainer Selena Gomez, and American actresses Lena Dunham and Jessica Alba. All members of the cast chose their own names for their characters.


title: Robert Brian Wilson

paragraphs: Robert Brian Wilson (born March 8, 1962) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, singer, voice artist, and comedian. He is best known for portraying Billy Chapman in "Silent Night, Deadly Night" (1984).


title: Paradise Cay, California

paragraphs: Paradise Cay is an unincorporated place in Marin County, California, United States.


title: Robert Hossein

paragraphs: Robert Hossein (born as Hosseinoff 30 December 1927) is a French movie actor, director, and writer of Azerbaijani and Jewish origin. He directed the 1982 adaption of "Les Misérables", and appeared in "Vice and Virtue", "Le Casse", "Les Uns et les Autres" and "Venus Beauty Institute".


title: Volcanoes of Kamchatka

paragraphs: The volcanoes of Kamchatka are a large group of volcanoes situated on the Kamchatka Peninsula. The Kamchatka River and the surrounding central side valley are flanked by large volcanic belts containing around 160 volcanoes, 29 of them still active. The peninsula has a high density of volcanoes and associated volcanic phenomena, with 29 active volcanoes being included in the six UNESCO World Heritage List sites in the volcanoes of Kamchatka group, most of them on the Kamchatka Peninsula.

paragraphs: The volcanoes of Kamchatka are a large group of volcanoes on the Kamchatka Peninsula. 29 active volcanoes are included in six UNESCO World Heritage List sites. They are listed as the "Volcanoes of Kamchatka group", and most of them are on the Kamchatka Peninsula.

paragraphs: The Kamchatka River and the surrounding central side valley are flanked by large volcanic belts containing around 160 volcanoes, including the 29 active ones.

paragraphs: The highest volcano is Klyuchevskaya Sopka (4,750 m or 15,584 ft), the largest active volcano in the northern hemisphere. The most striking is Kronotsky, whose perfect cone was said by celebrated volcanologists Robert and Barbara Decker to be a prime candidate for the world's most beautiful volcano.

paragraphs: In the center of Kamchatka is Eurasia's world famous Geyser Valley which was partly destroyed by a massive mudslide in June 2007.

paragraphs: Deep seismic events and tsunamis are fairly common. Intense volcanism is caused by the subduction of the Pacific Plate. A pair of huge earthquakes occurred off the coast on October 16, 1737, and on November 4, 1952, in magnitudes ~9.3 and 8.2 respectively. More shallow earthquakes were recorded as recently as April 2006.


title: Vietnam Airlines

paragraphs: Vietnam Airlines is the flag carrier and the largest airline of Vietnam. It was started by the government in 1956. Since June 2010, it has been a member of SkyTeam. As of 2015, Vietnam Airlines goes to 21 cities in Vietnam and 28 international cities.


title: Saudia

paragraphs: Saudia (also known as "Saudi Arabian Airlines") is the largest airline of Saudi Arabia. It was started in 1945 with the help of the United States government. TWA managed the airline until the 1960s. The airline joined SkyTeam in May 2012. As of 2015, Saudia goes to 126 cities worldwide.


title: James M. Beggs

paragraphs: James Montgomery Beggs (January 9, 1926 – April 23, 2020) was an American businessman and politician. He served as the 6th Administrator of NASA. He was nominated by President Reagan on June 1, 1981. Beggs took his oath of office and entered the post on July 10, 1981, serving until December 4, 1985.

paragraphs: Beggs died on April 23, 2020 at the age of 94 at his home in Bethesda, Maryland of congestive heart failure.


title: Sean O'Keefe

paragraphs: Sean Charles O'Keefe (born January 27, 1956) is an American politician. He was the former chairman of Airbus Group, Inc., former Secretary of the Navy, former Administrator of NASA, and former chancellor of Louisiana State University (LSU). He is a former member of the board of directors of DuPont.


title: Administrators and Deputy Administrators of NASA

paragraphs: The Administrator and Deputy Administrator of NASA are the highest-ranked officials of NASA, the space agency of the United States. The Administrator serves as the senior space science adviser to the President of the United States. According to NASA, the role of the Administrator is to "lead the NASA team and manage its resources to advance the Vision for Space Exploration."


title: T. Keith Glennan

paragraphs: Thomas Keith Glennan (September 8, 1905 – April 11, 1995) was an American politician. He was the first Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, serving from August 19, 1958 to January 20, 1961.


title: Theo Saat

paragraphs: Theodorus Antoon "Theo" Saat (13 May 1928 – 2 June 2015) was a Dutch sprinter. He competed at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, Finland. He was born in Arnhem, Gelderland.

paragraphs: Saat died on 2 June 2015 in Noordwijk, South Holland, aged 87.


title: Robert A. Frosch

paragraphs: Robert Alan Frosch FREng (born May 22, 1928) is an American scientist. He was the fifth administrator of NASA from 1977 to 1981 during the Carter administration.


title: Hans Mark

paragraphs: Hans Michael Mark (born June 17, 1929 in Mannheim, Germany) is a German-born American physicist and politician. He is the former Secretary of the Air Force and a former Deputy Administrator of NASA.

paragraphs: Because he was partly of Jewish descent his father Herman Francis Mark fled with the family into the United States.


title: United States Secretary of the Air Force

paragraphs: The Secretary of the Air Force (SecAF, or SAF/OS) is the Head of the Department of the Air Force. It is an organization within the Department of Defense of the United States of America.

paragraphs: The Secretary of the Air Force is appointed from civilian life by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. The Secretary reports to the Secretary of Defense and/or the Deputy Secretary of Defense, and is by statute responsible for and has the authority to conduct all the affairs of the Department of the Air Force.


title: Sadun Boro

paragraphs: Sadun Boro (1928 – 5 June 2015) is an Turkish sailor and writer. He was the first Turkish person to Circumnavigate the globe, sailing from 22 August 1965 until 15 June 1968.

paragraphs: Boro was born in Istanbul. He was married to Oda Boro and had a daughter.

paragraphs: Boro died from bladder cancer on 5 June 2015 in Marmaris. He was 87.


title: Mario Saliwa

paragraphs: Mario Ngqiuyomizi Saliwa (6 March 1984 – 31 May 2015) was a South African first-class cricketer. He played for teams such as the Eagles and Free State. He was born in King William's Town, Eastern Cape.

paragraphs: Saliwa died after being stabbed on 31 May 2015, aged 31.


title: MERS

paragraphs: MERS (the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) was discovered in Saudi Arabia in 2012. It is a disease caused by a coronavirus whose label is MERS-CoV. MERS-CoV is a betacoronavirus which originated in bats.

paragraphs: Coronaviruses are a family of viruses some of which cause common colds. They can infect both animals and people. MERS is a relative of SARS (the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) virus which swept around the world, infecting more than 8,000 people globally and killing 774 before it was stopped in 2004.

paragraphs: In 2015, the World Health Organization made itself some rules for naming viruses: No official name is allowed to refer to a place, person or animal. This is to prevent stigma, or blame. The WHO rules list MERS as an example of what not to do when naming a virus or disease.


title: Charles Bolden

paragraphs: Charles Frank Bolden, Jr. (born August 19, 1946) was the 12th Administrator of NASA from 2009 through 2017. He is a retired United States Marine Corps Major General, and former NASA astronaut.


title: Alan M. Lovelace

paragraphs: Alan Mathieson Lovelace (September 4, 1929 – April 18, 2018) was an American civil servant. He was the Deputy Administrator of NASA from July 2, 1976 to July 10, 1981.

paragraphs: Lovelace was born in St. Petersburg, Florida. He graduated with a Bachelor of Science in Chemistry from the University of Florida in Gainesville in 1951. He received a Master of Science in Organic Chemistry in 1952. He became a Doctor of Philosophy in 1954, also in Organic Chemistry.

paragraphs: Lovelace died on April 18, 2018 in Melbourne, Florida at the age of 88.

paragraphs: In June 1981, Lovelace was presented with the Presidential Citizens Medal by President Ronald Reagan.


title: John R. Dailey

paragraphs: John R. Dailey (born on February 17, 1934) is a retired United States Marine Corps four-star general. He served as Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps (ACMC) and Chief of Staff from 1990 to 1992. He also served as Acting Associate Deputy Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) from 1992 to 1999. Today, he is director of the National Air and Space Museum (NASM) since 2000.


title: Aaron Cohen

paragraphs: Aaron Cohen (January 5, 1931 – February 25, 2010) was an American civil servant. He served as the Acting Deputy Administrator of NASA between 19 February 1992 and 1 November 1992.


title: Ronnie Gilbert

paragraphs: Ronnie Gilbert (September 7, 1926 – June 6, 2015) was an American folk singer-songwriter, actress and activist. She was one of the original members of The Weavers with Pete Seeger, Lee Hays, and Fred Hellerman.

paragraphs: Gilbert was born in New York City. She was the daughter of Jewish immgrants from Eastern Europe. She had one daughter. She was married twice and was bisexual.

paragraphs: Gilbert died from natural causes on June 6, 2015 in Mill Valley, California, aged 88.


title: James C. Fletcher

paragraphs: James Chipman Fletcher (June 5, 1919 – December 22, 1991) was an American civil servant. He was the president of the University of Utah from 1964 to 1971. He also served as the 4th and 7th Administrator of NASA. He first served from April 27, 1971 to May 1, 1977, and again from May 12, 1986, to April 8, 1989.


title: Coronavirus

paragraphs: Coronavirus is a virus in the family Coronaviridae. They are enveloped viruses with a positive-sense RNA genome. They have a nucleocapsid of helical symmetry. The genome size of coronaviruses is about 26 to 32 kilobases, which is extraordinarily large for an RNA virus. They infect various kinds of mammals. There are four major groups of coronaviruses, called alpha, beta, gamma and delta. The most famous coronavirus is one of the betas, the kind that causes Coronavirus disease 2019 in humans.

paragraphs: The name "coronavirus" comes from the Latin word "corona", meaning "crown" or "halo", and refers to how virions look under an electron microscopy (E.M.). They have a fringe of large, bulbous surface projections looking like a crown. This morphology is created by the viral spike (S) peplomers, which are proteins on the surface of the virus. They decide which cells the virus can infect.

paragraphs: Proteins that contribute to the structure of coronaviruses are the spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M) and nucleocapsid (N).

paragraphs: Coronaviruses often stick to the hands, and the virus is often caused by people touching their hands to their mouth. It gets in the trachea and makes its way down to the lungs, where it sticks to cells and tissues to replicate itself.

paragraphs: Coronaviruses infect the upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts of mammals and birds. Six different strains of coronaviruses infect humans. These include:

paragraphs: Coronaviruses are believed to cause many common colds in human adults. The significance and economic impact of coronaviruses is hard to assess. Unlike rhinoviruses (another common cold virus), human coronaviruses are easy to grow in the laboratory.


title: Ontario Highway 33

paragraphs: Ontario Highway 33 or King's Highway 33 is a provincial highway in Ontario, Canada. It runs from west to east and is 60.9 kilometers (37.8 miles) long. It starts at Highway 62 in Bloomfield in Prince Edward County. At Glenora, the highway crosses the Bay of Quinte by the Glenora Ferry. The Ministry of Transportation of Ontario runs the ferry as a free service. The highway continues on the other side of the bay in Adolphustown. It ends in Kingston.

paragraphs: In 1984, Queen Elizabeth II named the highway between Trenton and Kingston the Loyalist Parkway. It was named after the United Empire Loyalists who settled in the Kingston area after the American Revolutionary War.


title: Green Party of Ontario

paragraphs: The Green Party of Ontario (GPO) is a political party in Ontario, Canada. It organized in 1983. It first ran candidates in the 1985 general election. The party got its largest share of the total vote in the 2007 general election. Support of the GPO has declined since then.

paragraphs: In November 2009, Mike Schreiner became the party leader. He became the first member of the Green Party in history to have a seat in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. He was elected in the 2018 elections.


title: Giacomo Furia

paragraphs: Giacomo Furia (2 January 1925 – 5 June 2015) was an Italian actor. He appeared in over 130 movies between 1948 and 1998.


title: Smosh: The Movie

paragraphs: Smosh: The Movie is an upcoming 2015 American comedy movie from Lionsgate Films. The movie will star Anthony Padilla and Ian Hecox, which is part of Smosh from YouTube. It is planned to come out on July 24, 2015.

paragraphs: An embarrassing video of Anthony surfaces online right before his fifth high school reunion. The Smosh duo then races to pull down the clip before it blows Anthony's chances of reconnecting with his teen crush Anna.

paragraphs: On September 18, 2014, Lionsgate announced that it has picked up global distribution rights to the movie, with production jointly financed by DreamWorks Animation’s AwesomenessTV, and Defy Media, in which Lionsgate has an equity interest. The picture was written by Eric Falconer, creator and executive producer of "Blue Mountain State" and writer of "How I Met Your Mother". The film is executively produced by Padilla, Hecox, Barry Blumberg of Defy Media, Brett Bouttier, Joe Davola and Shauna Phelan. AwesomenessTV founder Brian Robbins serves as producer. It was entirely shot in YouTube Space in Los Angeles, California.

paragraphs: On April 15, 2015, it was announced that the movie will be released on July 24, 2015 and will be having its gala world premiere at Vidcon 2015 in Anaheim, California.


title: Rhinovirus

paragraphs: Rhinovirus is the most common virus in humans, and the main cause of the common cold. It is called 'rhinovirus' because it infects the nose. The symptoms are very well known, and affect the whole of the upper respiratory tract, that is, the nose down to the throat. Children may get six to twelve colds a year.

paragraphs: The temperature most suitable for its survival is between 33 ℃ to 35 ℃. This may explain why it is found in the nose, because the nasal cavity is be open to the outside air.

paragraphs: There are 99 types of rhinovirus, according to their surface proteins. The rhinovirus particles are only 30nm in diameter. This is much smaller than other viruses: many are ten times larger.


title: Latch

paragraphs: A latch is a type of hardware that is used to join two objects together. A latch often keeps animals or wind from opening something. This could be a door or a gate. Unlike a lock, a latch is easy to open if you know how, so it can be convenient on a gate that needs to be opened often.


title: Aarthi Agarwal

paragraphs: Aarthi Agarwal (5 March 1984 – 6 June 2015) was an American actress. She worked in Telugu cinema. She was known for her first movie role in "Nuvvu Naaku Nachav".

paragraphs: On 6 June 2015, Agarwal died at the AtlantiCare Regional Medical Center in Atlantic City, New Jersey from cardiac arrest, aged 31.


title: Jane Briggs Hart

paragraphs: Jane Briggs (“Janey”) Hart (October 21, 1921 - June 5, 2015) was an American aviator. She was the widow of Senator Philip A. Hart. She was born in Detroit, Michigan. She was a member of the NASA's Mercury 13. Hart was also an avid sailor and has sailed in the Port Huron to Mackinac Boat Race 15 times as part of an all-women crew.

paragraphs: Hart died on June 5, 2015 in West Hartford, Connecticut from Alzheimer's disease, aged 93.


title: Philip Hart

paragraphs: Philip Aloysius Hart (December 10, 1912December 26, 1976) was an American lawyer and politician. He was a Democrat. He served as a United States Senator from Michigan from 1959 until his death in 1976. He was known as the "Conscience of the Senate."

paragraphs: Hart died of skin cancer on December 26, 1976 in Washington, D.C. at the age of 64.


title: TAESA

paragraphs: TAESA was a Mexican low-cost carrier. It began on April 27, 1988. It was one of the first low-cost airlines in Mexico. At times, it became Mexico's 3rd largest airline, after Aeroméxico and Mexicana de Aviacion. On November 9, 1999, a TAESA plane crashed. It was flying from Uruapan to Mexico City International Airport. The crash killed 18 people. That crash and other factors led to TAESA declaring bankruptcy in February 2000.


title: Adria Airways

paragraphs: Adria Airways was the national airline of Slovenia. It began on 14 March 1961 and ended on 30 September 2019. In 1969, it bought its first jet aircraft, the Douglas DC-9. In December 1981, an Adria airplane crashed in Corsica. The crash killed 180 people. Adria bought its first Airbus A320 in 1989. As of June 2015, Adria has 12 airplanes.


title: Universal indicator

paragraphs: A universal indicator is a test to measure the pH value of a liquid. The solution that is used has several chemical indicators in it. This means that the indicator is able to show different colours (and therefore pH value ranges). The drawback of this solution is that it cannot be used for titrations, which expect a well-defined change in color.


title: Anti-revisionism

paragraphs: Anti-revisionism is opposition to attempts to modify or reject the fundamentals of communist revolutionary theory and practice. Reformism is seen as a concession to communism's adversaries.

paragraphs: Revisionism comes from within the Party, towards whatever is the standard policy of the Party. After Stalin's death, Krushchev's style and policies were thought by Stalinists to be revisionist. The People's Republic of China under Mao Zedong and the People's Republic of Albania under Enver Hoxha proclaimed themselves to be taking an anti-revisionist line and denounced Khrushchev's policies.


title: Paul Pogba

paragraphs: Paul Labile Pogba is a French professional footballer. He plays for Premier League club Manchester United and the France national team.

paragraphs: Pogba began his professional career with Manchester United in 2011. In 2012 he began playing for Juventus. In 2016 he transferred back to Manchester United for a world-record £89m.

paragraphs: He won the World Cup for France against Croatia on 15 July 2018.


title: Kazuo Chiba

paragraphs: Kazuo Chiba (; 5 February 1940 – 5 June 2015), also known as T. K. Chiba, was a Japanese aikido teacher. He was best known as the founder of Birankai International which includes organizations in the United Kingdom, France, Austria, Greece, Poland, Canada, the United States and many other places worldwide. He was active in aikido for 50 years from 1958 until his retirement in 2008. He was born in Tochigi Prefecture.

paragraphs: Chiba died after a long illness on 5 June 2015 in San Diego, California, United States. He was 75.


title: Albert West

paragraphs: Albertus Petrus Enricus Gerardus Westelaken (2 September 1949 – 4 June 2015), better known by his stage name Albert West, was a Dutch pop singer and record producer. He was the lead singer of The Shuffles from 1963 to 1973. He was born in 's-Hertogenbosch, North Brabant.


title: The Shuffles

paragraphs: The Shuffles were a Dutch pop band formed in Rosmalen, North Brabant. The group, fronted by the late Albert West, were active for ten years from 1963 until 1973.


title: World Environment Day

paragraphs: World Environment Day (WED) is celebrated every year on June 5. On this day, people are supposed to do good things for the environment and sustainability. These acts help to protect nature and the planet Earth. It is run by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).

paragraphs: The theme in 2020 is "Time for nature", in 2019 was “Beat Air pollution” and in 2018 was "Beat Plastic pollution".


title: 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup

paragraphs: The 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup was the seventh FIFA Women's World Cup, hosted by Canada. The tournament began on 6 June and ended on 5 July. In a rematch of the 2011 final, the defending champions Japan met the United States. The USA scored four goals in the first 16 minutes, with three by Carli Lloyd, on their way to a 5–2 win and their third Women's World Cup title.

paragraphs: The cities of Vancouver, Edmonton, Winnipeg, Ottawa, Montreal and Moncton hosted matches.

paragraphs: Some believe that artificial turf causes more injuries than normal grass. More than 50 players have protested the use of artificial turf, saying that it is sexist. They filed a lawsuit against FIFA, however, they dropped the lawsuit in January of 2015.


title: Anja Mittag

paragraphs: Anja Mittag (born in Karl-Marx-Stadt, East Germany on 16 May 1985) is a German association football player who currently plays for Paris Saint-Germain Féminines and the Germany women's national football team. She has won the 2007 FIFA Women's World Cup, UEFA Women's Euro 2009 and the UEFA Women's Euro 2013. She was also Sweden's Player of the Year in 2012 and 2014 while she played in the Damallsvenskan.


title: 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup Group A

paragraphs: The 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup Group A is a group in the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup that include Canada, Netherlands, China, New Zealand.


title: 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup Group B

paragraphs: The 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup Group B is a group in the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup that includes Germany, Norway, Thailand and the Ivory Coast. .


title: 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup Group C

paragraphs: The 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup Group C is a group in the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup that includes Japan, Switzerland, Cameroon and Ecuador. .


title: 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup Group D

paragraphs: The 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup Group D is a group in the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup that includes United States, Australia, Sweden, Nigeria. .


title: Ada Hegerberg

paragraphs: Ada Hegerberg (born in Molde, Norway on 10 July 1995) is a Norwegian association football player who currently plays for Olympique Lyonnais and the Norway women's national football team. She has an older sister named Andrine Hegerberg. She also is part of Norway's 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup squad.


title: Sara Däbritz

paragraphs: Sara Däbritz (born 15 February 1995 in Amberg, Germany) is a German association football player who currently plays for FC Bayern Munich and the Germany women's national football team.

paragraphs: She played for SpVgg SV Weiden and SC Freiburg in her youth, and played for SC Freiburg in her senior career until she transfered to FC Bayern Munich in 2015.

paragraphs: Däbritz has played for Germany's Under 15, Under 17, Under 19 and Under 20 youth squads. She most recently was played in the 2014 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup and the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup.


title: Lieke Martens

paragraphs: Lieke Martens (born on 16 December 1992 in Nieuw-Bergen, Netherlands) is a Dutch association football player who currently plays for Barcelona and the Netherlands women's national football team. She has also played for the clubs SC Heerenveen, VVV-Venlo, Standard Liège and FCR 2001 Duisburg. She is part of the Netherland's 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup squad.


title: FCR 2001 Duisburg

paragraphs: FCR 2001 Duisburg (officially known as Fußballclub Rumeln 2001 Duisburg) was a German women's association football club that was dissolved in 2013 because of a financial crisis. After the club disbanded, it merged with MSV Duisburg.

paragraphs: Some notable players who played for the club include Alexandra Popp, Ashlyn Harris, Sara Däbritz, Simone Laudehr, Lieke Martens and Annike Krahn.


title: Lakmé

paragraphs: Lakmé is a French opera in three acts by Léo Delibes, first performed at the Opéra-Comique in Paris, on April 14, 1883, libretto by Edmond Gondinet and Philippe Gille, after Pierre Loti Rarahu's "Le mariage de Loti". An immediate success, it has remained one of the most popular of French operas.


paragraphs: The Netherlands women's national football team (Dutch: Nederlands vrouwenvoetbalelftal) is the women's association football team that represents the European country of the Netherlands. They qualified for their first FIFA Women's World Cup in 2015, and two UEFA Women's Championships. As of 27 March 2015, their FIFA ranking is 12.


title: Vasili Zhupikov

paragraphs: Vasili Mikhailovich Zhupikov () (16 January 1954 – 7 June 2015) was a Soviet football player and a Russian coach.

paragraphs: Zhupikov made his debut for USSR on September 7, 1977 in a game against Poland. He played in the UEFA Euro 1980 qualifiers (USSR did not qualify for the final tournament).


title: Andrine Hegerberg

paragraphs: Andrine Stolsmo Hegerberg (born on 3 June 1993 in Sunndalsøra, Norway) is a Norwegian association football midfielder who currently plays for Kopparbergs/Göteborg FC and the Norway women's national football team. She has also played for Kolbotn Fotball, Stabæk Fotball Kvinner and 1. FFC Turbine Potsdam. Her younger sister is Ada Hegerberg.


title: Khieu Samphan

paragraphs: Khieu Samphan (; born July 27, 1931) is a former Cambodian communist politician. He was the president of the state of Democratic Kampuchea (Cambodia) from 1976 until 1979.

paragraphs: He was one of the most powerful officials in the Khmer Rouge movement, although Pol Pot remained the General Secretary (highest official) in the party.

paragraphs: Samphan is the second oldest living former Khmer Rouge leader, alongside Nuon Chea. On August 7, 2014, they were convicted and received life sentences for crimes against humanity during the Cambodian Genocide.


title: Chea Sim

paragraphs: Chea Sim (; 15 November 19328 June 2015) was a Cambodian politician. He was the President of the National Assembly of Cambodia from 1981 to 1998 (Vice President from June to October 1993) and President of the Senate from 1999 until his death.