title: PewDiePie

paragraphs: Felix Arvid Ulf Kjellberg (born 24 October 1989), better known by his online username PewDiePie, is a Swedish Gaming/Commentary channel on YouTube. His content has changed significantly since he began uploading, now focusing on Minecraft gaming videos and established series such as 'You Laugh You Lose' and 'Last Week I Asked You (LWIAY)' where he reviews memes that his fans have posted on Reddit. He has over 100 million subscribers as of August 2019. On 15 August 2013, his channel became the most subscribed channel on YouTube. He was also the first YouTuber to get 14 million subscribers.

paragraphs: Before starting his own YouTube channel, PewDiePie studied Industrial Economics and Technology Management at Chalmers University of Technology until he dropped out. Disapproving of his decision, his parents cut off his support. He made a living by selling hot dogs until his channel got enough subscribers for him to make a living off of the channel.

paragraphs: In 2013 PewDiePie surpassed making him the number 1 youtuber

paragraphs: PewDiePie was the first channel ever to pass 50 million subscribers. PewDiePie is attempting to break the like record on YouTube.

paragraphs: PewDiePie was the first individual creator ever to pass 100 million subscribers on YouTube as of August 2019, though he did lose the position of being the first channel ever to reach that milestone by the Indian music channel T-Series in months earlier.

paragraphs: PewDiePie has been creating content that can be described as "silly and fun". Videos such as Meme Review, You Laugh You Lose (YLYL), Pew News, and Last Week I Asked You (LWIAY) are just a few examples. Recently, he has been uploading many Minecraft videos.

paragraphs: PewDiePie was born in Gothenburg, Sweden. He lives in Brighton, England with his wife, Marzia Bisognin, who is also a YouTuber. In 2019 he married his long-time girlfriend, Marzia Bisognin. The marriage was held at Kew Gardens in London, United Kingdom.


title: Gordon Kahn

paragraphs: Gordon Kahn (11 May 1902 – 31 December 1962) was an American writer known for writing movie scripts. He wrote over 30 movies including, "All Quiet on the Western Front" and "The African Queen". Kahn lost his job and was banned from writing movies because the United States government thought he was a Communist.


title: The Piano Guys

paragraphs: The Piano Guys are an American musical group. The members are Jon Schmidt, Steven Sharp Nelson, Tel Stewart, Paul Anderson and Al van der Beek. They became famous because of YouTube, where they posted videos of renditions and mashups of popular songs with professional-looking video shots, edited by Paul Anderson and Tel Stewart. In December 2011, they released their first album, called "Hits Volume 1". Their second album, "The Piano Guys", got to number one on the Billboard New Age Albums and Classical Albums charts in 2012.

paragraphs: Several of the group's YouTube videos have more than 15 million views. As of August 25, 2013, The Piano Guys' YouTube channel has more than 263 million video views altogether, and more than 1.8 million subscribers.


title: Holland, Michigan

paragraphs: Holland, Michigan is a city in western Michigan, United States. About 33,279 people live in Holland as of 2012.

paragraphs: Holland is famous for its Tulip Time festival, held every May. The festival was named Best Small Town Festival by Reader's Digest.

paragraphs: Holland was started in 1847 by Dutch Calvinist separatists, led by Dr. Albertus van Raalte. They had left the Netherlands because they had been persecuted (were not treated nicely) there because of their religious beliefs.


title: New City, New York

paragraphs: New City is a town in Rockland County, New York. It is about north of New York City. The town is classified as a hamlet of Clarkstown, meaning it is a small settlement inside of a larger town. The town is the county seat of Rockland County, because it is the location of the Rockland County Courthouse and government. Because of how close it is to New York City, many people go there to work.


title: Curtido

paragraphs: Curtido is a kind of fermented cabbage relish. It is found in the cuisines of El Salvador and other Central American countries. It is made with cabbage, onions, carrots, and sometimes lime juice or vinegar. It is similar to sauerkraut or "kimchi" There is also a variation of "curtido" which is prepared with mayonnaise. Both Curtidos, vinegar and mayonnaise, are highly appreciated by diners as they are indispensable accompaniments of pupusas


paragraphs: The Old Chicago Main Post Office Redevelopment was a proposed project on a lot located along the Chicago River on the southwest side of Downtown Chicago, Illinois to be constructed in phases over a period of one decade that will include the renovation of Chicago's historic Old Main Post Office building as well as residential, retail, entertainment and office space.

paragraphs: The plan includes several towers, the tallest one being a proposed 120-story mixed use twin tower skyscraper that will stand about high to the roof, which would make it the tallest building in the United States, over taller than the Willis Tower, and will contain office, residential, and hotel space. It will also include two 60-story residential towers as well as a 40-story hotel.

paragraphs: All the buildings in the development will be connected via a ground level complex that would be built over the Chicago River and the Eisenhower Expressway.

paragraphs: The proposal was sent to Chicago City Commission in July 2011 for approval, which was expected to be a several month process. The project is said to have an estimated cost of $3.5 billion and the potential to create 12,000 jobs.

paragraphs: Some critics oppose the proposal in its current state, calling it old-fashioned and suburban and an unrealistic pipe dream, as it is largely car oriented (12,000 parking spaces and free parking) with shopping mall style retail.

paragraphs: The city voted and approved the plan July 18, 2013. But the area was sold in 2016 thus the building was never built.


title: Gerard Murphy (Irish actor)

paragraphs: Gerard Murphy (14 October 1955 – 26 August 2013) was an Irish movie, television and theatre actor. Due to his imposing stature, he often portrayed villains.

paragraphs: Murphy was born on 14 October 1955 in Newry, County Down, Northern Ireland. Murphy died at the age of 57 on 26 August 2013 from prostate cancer in England, which he had for over two years.


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title: Dauberval

paragraphs: Jean Bercher (known as Dauberval or D'Auberval; Montpellier, August 19, 1742 - Tours, February 14, 1802) was a French ballet dancer and choreographer. He was a pupil of Jean-Georges Noverre and made his debut at the Paris Opéra on June 12, 1762. He was a superb mime. He choreographed few ballets, but is credited with creating the comedy ballet. His best known work is "La Fille mal gardée", which is one of the oldest ballets still performed.


title: Cri-Cri

paragraphs: Cri-Cri is a fictional talking cricket. The character was created by Francisco Gabilondo Soler and introduced in 1934 on his own musical radio show in Mexico. Cri-Cri is known as "el grillito cantor", which is Spanish for "the singing cricket".

paragraphs: The character was created by Gabilondo Soler when he was a child. It became so famous and gave its author such renown, that it became a second name for Gabilondo. In the mid part of the 20th century, he became the most recognizable singer of children's songs in Spanish. Gabilondo's dedication to this segment of the population has been greatly admired, comparable to Walt Disney in his honest approach to making life fun for those who are beginning to live it.

paragraphs: It was made into a movie that was released on 12 December 1963 in Mexico. It was produced by Producciones Carlos Amador.


title: Baldwin I, Count of Flanders

paragraphs: Baldwin I († 879), also known as "Baldwin Iron Arm" (), was a French nobleman and became the first count of Flanders.

paragraphs: Baldwin's father was named Audacer but little else is known of him. His family was related to the counts of Laon. Before holding Flanders Baldwin was already a count, probably at Ghent. Baldwin was in Senlis in 862. Somehow he decided to take Judith, the daughter of Charles the Bald, the king, for his wife. Judith, had been the wife of two English kings, Athelwulf († 858) and Athelbald († 860). On her return and still in her teens she was being held at the castle of Senlis by her father. Baldwin took Judith, the twice daughter of Charles the Bald,

paragraphs: and the couple fled to the court of Lothair II, king of Lorraine. He was Judith's cousin. Once they were safely out of her father's reach Baldwin married her. This was about 863. King Charles had his bishops excommunicate the couple. He also demanded that his nephew return Baldwin and his daughter Judith to him. At this point Baldwin and Judith fled to Rome. They asked Pope Nicholas I to and their marriage. Baldwin made known his intent to join the Vikings if his marriage was not allowed. Vikings were a constant threat in northern France and Baldwin was needed to help fight them. The pope decided their marriage was valid and had the bishops withdraw their excommunication. Charles the Bald was forced to accept Baldwin as his son-in-law. The couple was married a second time, in public. Her father did not attend but sent officials to witness the marriage. He gave Baldwin the honors the pope recommended.

paragraphs: Baldwin was given rule over Flanders with the title of (count of a ) of Flanders. He protected Flanders for the next fifteen years from Vikings. He became known for his harsh treatment of anyone attacking Flanders. This later gave him the name "Baldwin Iron Arm". In 867 Baldwin built a castle at Ghent to protect from Viking raids. The city built up around the castle. Ghent became the seat of his . Baldwin also built a castle at Bruges, the port city on the North Sea. It too was for the purpose of stopping Viking . When Charles the Bald died in 877, Baldwin faithfully supported his son, Louis the Stammerer, helping him become king of the Franks. Baldwin died in 879.

paragraphs: Baldwin married Judith (–after 870), daughter of Charles the Bald, King of the Franks and Holy Roman Emperor. Together they had:


title: The Windy Hill

paragraphs: The Windy Hill is a long book for children. It was written by Cornelia Meigs. It tells a story about a boy and girl who live in New England. They meet a man who tells them stories which are about other people who used to live in New England. The people in these stories are part of the boy's and girl's family. Between these stories, the main story of the book happens. The main story is about a bad man who wants to take away the house where the boy and girl live. The bad man is part of the boy's and girl's family, too.

paragraphs: This book was first printed in 1921. Berta and Elmer Hader drew the pictures. In 1922, this book was made a Newbery Medal Honor Book.


title: Cornelia Meigs

paragraphs: Cornelia Lynde Meigs (December 6, 1884 - September 10, 1973) was an American writer. She wrote many kinds of writing. She wrote made-up stories for children. She wrote true stories for children about the lives of important people. She wrote about important things that happened in the past. She wrote about what books for children were good or bad. She also taught other people how to write in the English language.

paragraphs: One of the books that Cornelia Meigs wrote won the Newbery Medal in 1934. That book was called "Invincible Louisa". It told about the life of Louisa May Alcott. Three other books that Cornelia Meigs wrote were made Newbery Honor Books. That meant that the people who chose the Newbery Medal winner each year thought that those were very good books.

paragraphs: Cornelia Meigs was born in Rock Island, Illinois, on December 6, 1884. Her father was called Montgomery Meigs. Her mother was called Grace Lynde Meigs. Montgomery and Grace already had four other daughters who were older than Cornelia. Later they had one more daughter.

paragraphs: When Cornelia was one month old, the Meigs family moved to Keokuk, Iowa. Cornelia went to school there. She finished studying at Keokuk High School in 1901. After that, she went to Bryn Mawr College. In 1907, she got an A.B. degree from Bryn Mawr. After that, she went to Davenport, Iowa. She taught children to write good English. The school where she taught was called St. Katherine's School. While she was teaching there, Cornelia started writing books.

paragraphs: The first book that Cornelia wrote was called "The Kingdom of the Winding Road". It was first printed in 1915. Macmillan US was the publisher. In 1921 she wrote "The Windy Hill", and in 1922 that book was made a Newbery Medal Honor Book. In 1929 her fiction book "Clearing Weather" was made a Newbery Honor Book, and in 1933 her fiction book "Swift Rivers" was made a Newbery Honor Book. She also wrote other books for children during this time. Some of these books said that they were written by Adair Aldon. Adair Aldon was a pretend name or pseudonym that Cornelia Meigs used sometimes. "The Trade Wind", which was first printed in 1927, won a prize from Little, Brown, and Co., a book publishing company.

paragraphs: In 1934, Cornelia Meigs won the Newbery Medal for writing the true story book "Invincible Louisa". This book told about the life of Louisa May Alcott, a famous American writer during the 1800s. "Kirkus Reviews" said that this book was very good. Kirkus Reviews said that children who liked Louisa May Alcott's most famous book, "Little Women", should read "Invincible Louisa" too.

paragraphs: In 1932, Cornelia Meigs started teaching English at Bryn Mawr College. She taught there until 1950. During World War II, she worked for the United States War Department.

paragraphs: After 1950, Cornelia Meigs taught writing at the New School of Social Research in New York City. In 1953, she helped to write a book called "A Critical History of Children's Literature". This was a very important book. It said many things about writing for children. In 1969 she helped to write the second edition of this book.

paragraphs: Cornelia Meigs wrote more than 30 books for children in her life. Most of them were made-up stories. Two of them were true stories about the lives of famous people. Two of her books were plays. She also wrote some books and articles for grown-up people.

paragraphs: Cornelia Meigs died in Havre de Grace, Maryland, on September 10, 1973. She was 88 years old. Most of the papers that she left when she died are in the Special Collections Library at Dartmouth College. Some of her papers are in the de Grummond Collection at the University of Southern Mississippi in Hattiesburg, Mississippi. Some of them are at the University of Iowa in Iowa City, Iowa.


title: Armenians in Switzerland

paragraphs: Swiss-Armenians are citizens of Switzerland who are of Armenian ancestry. This means that they are ethnic Armenians, but live in Switzerland. The exact number of Armenians in Switzerland is not known. In the 2010 census, the number of Swiss citizens who claimed to be Armenian was 612. The full number of Armenians living in Switzerland is said to be between 3,000 and 5,000.

paragraphs: The majority of Swiss Armenians are members of the Armenian Apostolic Church. There are four church regions ("tems"): Geneva, Zurich, Neuchatel and Lugano. There are also a smaller number of Armenian Catholics, and even a smaller number of Armenian Evangelicals.

paragraphs: A number of Armenian associations operate in Switzerland:


title: Double dissolution

paragraphs: A double dissolution is a procedure allowed by the constitution of Australia. If the House of Representatives and the Senate are unable to agree, the Governor General may dissolve both houses. This would cause a full election for all members.


title: Gall wasp

paragraphs: Gall wasps, also called gallflies, are the family (Cynipidae) of the order Hymenoptera. They are in the Apocrita suborder of wasps. About 1300 species of this small creature (1-8 mm) are known worldwide, with about 360 species of 36 different genera in Europe and some 800 species in North America.

paragraphs: The larvae of most gall wasps develop in plant galls they induce themselves.

paragraphs: The plant galls develop after the female insect lays the eggs. The inducement for the gall formation is largely unknown. The hatching larvae nourish themselves with the nutritive tissue of the galls, in which they are otherwise well-protected from external environmental effects.

paragraphs: 70% of the known species live in oak trees. One can find galls on nearly all parts of such trees, some on the leaves, the buds, the branches, and the roots. Other species of gall wasps live in eucalyptus trees, rose bushes or maple trees, as well as many herbs.

paragraphs: Most species have an alternation of generations, with a two-sex generation and a parthenogenic generation each year.

paragraphs: A gall provides the developing wasp with a safe refuge for this most vulnerable stage of its life cycle. However, other wasps have found a way to penetrate this defence and parasitise the larva(e) within.

paragraphs: However, some of these parasitoids use their long, hardened egg-laying tube (ovipositor) to bore into the gall and lay an egg on the helpless gall maker. These parasitoids may, in turn, be preyed upon by other wasps, hyperparasitoids.


title: André Schembri

paragraphs: André Schembri (born 27 May 1986) is a Maltese football player. He plays for AC Omonia and Malta national team.


title: Steatorrhea

paragraphs: Steatorrhea means excess undigested fat in feces. In this case, the feces is often lighter, sometimes whitish, in color. It produces a fouler-than-usual, sour-rancid smell, and floats on the surface of the water as opposed to sinking to the bottom of the toilet bowl.

paragraphs: Steatorrhea is caused by the inability to digest and absorb fat in the diet. It may be helped in some cases by taking enzymes, such as those usually produced by the body, which digest fat.

paragraphs: Research should be done, and a doctor consulted if necessary, to determine the cause of the inability to digest and absorb fat.

paragraphs: The causes range from mild to very severe and life-threatenting, so simply treating symptoms may not be enough.


title: Meijer

paragraphs: Meijer is a chain of . There are Meijer stores in Illinois, Kentucky, Michigan, Ohio, and Indiana. Meijer sells other products as well as their own brands. The chain was ranked Number 13 on Forbes' 2011 list of "America's Largest Private Companies".


title: Rockland County, New York

paragraphs: Rockland County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. It is about 20 miles north of downtown New York City. About 300,000 people live there. The county has five towns: Orangetown, Clarkstown, Haverstraw, Stony Point, and Ramapo. The towns are divided into hamlets. The county seat is in New City. The largest village is Spring Valley. Rockland has a minor league baseball team, the Rockland Boulders.

paragraphs: The county was first settled by Native Americans who lived there for many years. It was later found by explorer Henry Hudson when he sailed up the Hudson River in the 1600s. Soon after, many English colonists moved to the area, and formed the first towns. The county was involved in the American Revolution, and an important battle took place there.

paragraphs: After America won its independence, the county remained mainly rural, meaning most of it was farms and forests. This continued until the Tappan-Zee Bridge and Palisades Parkway were opened in the 1950s. These roads connected the county to New York City, allowing people to drive there. This caused more people to move to Rockland.


title: Baldwin II, Count of Flanders

paragraphs: Baldwin II ( 865–918), Called Baldwin "the Bald" (), was a French nobleman and the second count of Flanders. He ruled from 879 until his death.

paragraphs: Born he was the son of Baldwin I, Count of Flanders and Judith, a daughter of Charles the Bald. Through his mother he was a descendant of Charlemagne. Baldwin wanted to keep a good trading relationship with England. So in 884 Baldwin married Ælfthryth, a daughter of King Alfred the Great of England. This high profile marriage raised the status of Baldwin II. His children had the distinction of belonging to two of the most important royal houses in western Europe. This and later marked the of Flanders as one of the great houses of Europe.

paragraphs: When he first started ruling Flanders there were a number of very damaging Viking raids. They everywhere except the area north of the Somme river. By 883 Baldwin was forced northward to the flat marshes of Flanders which became the territory most closely associated with the counts of Flanders from then on. Baldwin had built a series of wooden at Saint-Omer, Bruges, Ghent, and Courtrai. He also seized those lands and fortresses abandoned by royal and church officials. Baldwin had many of these same citadels used by his government, militia and local courts.

paragraphs: In 888 the west Frankish king Charles the Fat was . There were several candidates to be king in his place. Because he was a grandson of Charles the Bald, Holy Roman Emperor and King of West Francia, Baldwin was eligible to be king. But he did not compete for the crown of western Francia. Instead Baldwin joined others in trying to convince the East Frankish king Arnulf to also take the west Frankish crown. But Arnulf was not interested. Odo, Count of Paris, was elected king But Odo did not want Baldwin to gaining control of the abbey of St. Bertin. This was a rich prize and caused Baldwin to not support Odo. The new king attacked Baldwin at Bruges but could not defeat him. Baldwin continued moving his borders to the south and gained control of Artois. He also got control of the important abbey of St. Vaast. When control of the abbey was given to Archbishop Fulk of Reims in 900, Baldwin had him killed. When his attempts to expand further into the upper Somme River valley were opposed by Herbert I, Count of Vermandois Baldwin also had him killed.

paragraphs: Baldwin II died 10 September 918 at Blandinberg (near Ghent) and was succeeded by his eldest son Arnulf I of Flanders. His younger son Adalulf was (the first) count of Boulogne.

paragraphs: He married Elftryth, a daughter of Alfred the Great, King of England. They had the following children:


title: IPv4 address shortage

paragraphs: Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) has roughly 4 billion IP addresses. This is a problem because there are more than 4 billion Internet-connected computers in the world. This has led to a shortage of IPv4 addresses.

paragraphs: The long term solution is to switch to Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6). IPv6 has trillions of trillions of addresses, enough to give every computer in the world a unique IP address. Unfortunately, IPv6 is mostly incompatible with IPv4, and implementing it often requires replacing equipment such as routers. Not all ISPs currently offer IPv6. There are several backward compatibility protocols such as Protocol 41 and Teredo that allow a computer with only an IPv4 address to obtain an IPv6 address.

paragraphs: Network Address Translation (NAT) splits a single public IPv4 address into multiple private IPv4 addresses. It is considered a short term solution because it does not usually allow incoming connections without manual configuration of port forwarding.

paragraphs: Carrier-grade Network Address Translation (CGN or CGNAT) is Network Address Translation done by the Internet Service Provider (ISP). It is a short-term solution to provide IPv4 access where the ISP has more customers than public IP addresses. In this setup, multiple customers share a single public IPv4 address. CGN has the major drawback that it does not allow incoming connections at all, because the address translator does not know which customer an incoming connection was intended for. This makes it impossible or very difficult to host services such as websites or file servers. It also causes problems with some online games, online security cameras, and BitTorrent. Most land-line ISPs don't use CGN yet, but mobile providers often do. The address block 100.64.0.0/10 is reserved for CGN, although many ISPs improperly use 10.0.0.0/8 instead. ISPs that use CGN usually offer a public IPv4 address to customers that request one. They may offer this for free, charge a one-time fee, or charge a monthly or yearly fee. In the future they might not offer public IPv4 addresses or might charge a large fee for them, due to supply and demand.


title: Flan

paragraphs: A flan is a kind of tart found in British cuisine. It consists of an open pastry or sponge case holding a sweet or savoury filling. A typical flan is round, with shortcrust pastry.

paragraphs: Flan Brillat-Savarin, a savoury flan named in honour of the French gastronome Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin:


title: Timbale (food)

paragraphs: A timbale is a sweet pie-type food that is eaten as a dessert. The kind of pan it is cooked in is also called a timbale.

paragraphs: There are several variations of this. One example is the Timbale Brillat-Savarin, which is named in honour of the French gourmand Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin.


title: Upside-down cake

paragraphs: An upside-down cake is a cake that is baked in a single pan, then turned over and eaten with the bottom of the cake facing upwards. Usually, chopped fruits and a topping of butter and sugar are placed on the bottom of the pan before the batter is poured in. When the cake is turned over, the fruit sits on the top of the cake.

paragraphs: Traditional versions include the American pineapple upside-down cake, the French Tarte Tatin, and the Brazilian Bolo de banana.

paragraphs: The first mention of such a cake in writing was in 1930, but the cake is somewhat older.


title: Game pie

paragraphs: Game pie is a kind of meat pie made with game. It has been made since Roman times.

paragraphs: Its main ingredients, then and now, are wild birds and animals such as partridge, pheasant, deer and hare. The pies became very elaborate during the 18th century in England. They developed complex recipes and special moulds and serving dishes. The versions cooked today are more simple, but they still include rabbit, venison, pigeon, pheasant, and other game meats.

paragraphs: The "Oreiller de la Belle Aurore" is an elaborate game pie named after Claudine-Aurore Récamier, the mother of Brillat-Savarin. The large square pie, which was one of her son's favorite meals, contains a variety of game birds and their livers, veal, pork, truffles, aspic, and more, in puff pastry. It is described in the classic encyclopedia of gastronomy, the Larousse Gastronomique. It is one of three pies named after people from Brillat-Savarin's home town of Belley (later called Bugey). They were described by Lucien Tenret.


title: Tappan Zee Bridge

paragraphs: The Tappan Zee Bridge is a bridge in lower New York. It is three miles long. It goes across the Hudson River. It connects Westchester and Rockland Counties. The bridge opened in 1955. It took traffic from other bridges and ferries in the area. The bridge is about 25 miles north of New York City. The city can be seen from the bridge on a clear day. The bridge carries seven lanes of the New York State Thruway.

paragraphs: The bridge is named for a Native American tribe from the area called the "Tappan". "Zee" is the Dutch word for "sea", as the bridge crosses water.

paragraphs: At the beginning of the 21st century the bridge was old and too small for the traffic. People in the region argued for years for a new bridge, which replaced the old one in 2017.

paragraphs: In 2013, the New York State Thruway Authority began building the New Tappan Zee Bridge. It will be a double-span bridge (four lanes per span in opposite directions) with designated bus lanes. The new bridge is planned to be ready to open in 2018.

paragraphs: An October 14, 2012, "Newsday" article reports the Tappan Zee Bridge has been referred to as the Golden Gate Bridge of the East because of many suicide jumpers. The article says "The new Tappan Zee, which is in the works, will include fencing designed to thwart jumpers."


title: Antipope Benedict XIII

paragraphs: Benedict XIII (born Pedro Martínez de Luna y Pérez de Gotor; 1328–23 May 1423), known as "el Papa Luna" in Spanish, was an Aragonese nobleman who claimed to be Pope during the Western Schism. The Catholic Church officially considers him an antipope.


title: Mario Party: Island Tour

paragraphs: Mario Party: Island Tour is a party video game for the Nintendo 3DS game console. It is the 13th game in the "Mario Party" series. It has seven boards and 81 minigames. It was released on November 22, 2013.

paragraphs: The gameplay is similar to past games in the "Mario Party" series. Players go around boards by hitting dice, and play minigames. It features augmented reality (a live view of a real-world area which have things such as sound, video, or graphics added by a computer) and StreetPass.


title: Charles-Louis-Étienne Nuitter

paragraphs: Charles-Louis-Étienne Nuitter (24 April 1828 - 23 February 1899) was a French librettist, translator, and librarian. He is best remembered for having written the libretto for the ballet, "Coppélia" and for having helped translate Richard Wagner's earliest operas into French.


title: Arthur Saint-Léon

paragraphs: Arthur Saint-Léon (September 17, 1821 – September 2, 1870) was born in Paris, France. He was Ballet Master of the St. Petersburg Imperial Ballet from 1859 until 1869. He is best known for choreographing "Coppélia".


title: Nephew and niece

paragraphs: A nephew is the son of someone's brother or sister. A niece is the daughter of the person's brother or sister. To the nephew or niece, the person is their uncle or aunt. The relationship of aunt/uncle to niece/nephew is an example of second-degree relatives, meaning that their coefficient of relationship is 25%. In some cultures and families, it is common to call the child of one's cousin a "niece" or "nephew". In old English, the son of one's sister was called a "sister-son".

paragraphs: A sororal or fraternal relative is one who is related through there sister or brother. For example a sororal niece is the subject's sister's child. An in-law is a relationship that is not by blood, but instead by marriage. The in-law shares the in-law relationships of the spouses relatives. For niece or nephew in-law could be the child of a spouse.


title: Rodan

paragraphs: Rodan is a fictional monster who appears in movies from Japan. He first appeared in "Rodan", a 1956 kaiju movie from Toho Studios. Since then, he has appeared in several "Godzilla" movies. He is a very large pterosaur. He can release sonic booms from his body, which destroy anything it hits.


title: Hungary in the Eurovision Song Contest 2009

paragraphs: Hungary participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 2009. Hungary represented Zoli Adok with the song "Dance with Me". That song he performed in second semi final and failed to qualify Hungary to the final for a second successive year.


title: Arnulf I, Count of Flanders

paragraphs: Arnulf of Flanders (–964), called the Great, was a French nobleman and the third count of Flanders. He ruled from 918 until his death. He ruled an expanded County of Flanders, an area that is now northwestern Belgium and southwestern Netherlands.

paragraphs: Arnulf, born , was the son of count Baldwin II, Count of Flanders and Ælfthryth of Wessex. She was a daughter of Alfred the Great. Through his mother he was a descendant of the Anglo-Saxon kings of England. Through his father he was a descendant of Charlemagne. Arnulf was named after Saint Arnulf of Metz, a of the Carolingian dynasty.

paragraphs: At the death of their father in 918 Arnulf became Count of Flanders. His brother Adelolf succeeded to the County of Boulogne. When Adeloft died in 933 Arnulf took control of Boulogne and Ternois. His nephews were still young so it was probably as their guardian. Later he gave the of Boulogne to his nephew, Arnulf II.

paragraphs: Arnulf I greatly expanded Flemish rule to the south. He took over all or part of Artois, Ponthieu, Amiens, and Ostrevent. Arnulf exploited the conflicts between Charles the Simple and Robert I of France, and later those between Louis IV and his barons. In his southern expansion Arnulf had conflict with the Normans. They were trying to secure their northern frontier. This led to the 942 murder of the Duke of Normandy, William Longsword, at the hands of Arnulf's men. The Vikings became less of a threat during the later years of Arnulf's life. He worked on reforming his county government.

paragraphs: Arnulf's son, Baldwin III died in 962 leaving Arnold a crisis of succession. Baldwin's son Arnulf II 'the Young' was still a child and his succession was disputed. Arnulf offered the king, Lothair of France, Artois, Ponthieu, and Ostrevant in exchange for the king's protection of Arnulf II. His grandson inherited a weakened county of Flanders when he came of age. Arnold died on 27 March 964.

paragraphs: The name of Arnulf's first wife is unknown but he had at least one daughter by her:

paragraphs: In 934 he married Adele of Vermandois, daughter of Herbert II of Vermandois. Their children were:


title: Baldwin III, Count of Flanders

paragraphs: Baldwin III of Flanders called The Young (–962) was a French nobleman and briefly was the fourth count of Flanders. He ruled jointly with his father Arnulf I.

paragraphs: Baldwin III was born , the son of Arnulf I, Count of Flanders and his second wife, Adele of Vermandois (c. 915 – 969). She was a daughter of Herbert II, Count of Vermandois. Baldwin became co-ruler of Flanders in 958 alongside his father Arnulf I. During his short rule, Baldwin was responsible for establishing the wool manufacturing industry at Ghent and markets at other towns in Flanders. Baldwin III died on 1 January 962 of smallpox. He was buried at the Abbey of Saint Bertin.

paragraphs: After Baldwin's death, Arnulf I arranged for King Lothair of France to become the guardian of Baldwin's son Arnulf II.

paragraphs: Shortly before 961 Baldwin married Mathilde of Saxony († 1008). She was a daughter of Hermann Billung(† 973), Duke of Saxony. They had a son:


title: Emulsion

paragraphs: Putting two or more liquids together creates an emulsion if the liquids do not mix. Immiscible liquids do not mix together. For example, if you add oil to water, the oil floats on the surface of the water. And if you shake the two together then leave them to stand, tiny droplets of oil float upwards. These droplets join together until eventually the oil is floating on the water again. To stop the two liquids separating, we need a substance called an emulsifier.

paragraphs: Emulsifiers are molecules that have two different ends:

paragraphs: a hydrophilic end (water-loving) that forms chemical bonds with water but not with oils

paragraphs: , and a hydrophobic end (water-hating) that forms chemical bonds with oils but not with water.


title: Aspall

paragraphs: Aspall is a village and civil parish in Mid Suffolk, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 52 people living in Aspall. Aspall has a church called Our Lady of Grace.


title: Athelington

paragraphs: Athelington is a village and civil parish in Mid Suffolk, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 23 people living in Athelington. Athelington has a church called St Peter.


title: Badwell Ash

paragraphs: Badwell Ash is a village and civil parish in Mid Suffolk, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 685 people living in Badwell Ash. Badwell Ash has a church called St Mary. Badwell Ash is about 12 miles from Bury St Edmunds and Stowmarket.


title: Baylham

paragraphs: Baylham is a village and civil parish in Mid Suffolk, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 251 people living in Baylham. Baylham has a church called St Peter.


title: Bedfield

paragraphs: Bedfield is a village and civil parish in Mid Suffolk, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 298 people living in Bedfield. Bedfield has a church called St Nicholas. Bedfield is about 4 miles east of Debenham.


title: Bedingfield

paragraphs: Bedingfield is a village and civil parish in Mid Suffolk, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 223 people living in Bedingfield. Bedingfield has a church called St Mary.


title: Firewood

paragraphs: Firewood is any wooden material that is gathered and used for fuel. It is a renewable resource. Generally, firewood is not highly processed and is in some sort of log or branch form.


title: Steven Sharp Nelson

paragraphs: Steven Sharp Nelson is an American cellist. He is part of The Piano Guys, a YouTube music video channel. The video 'Moonlight-Electric cello' in which he is featured has had more than 7 million views on YouTube to date.


title: Goliath birdeater spider

paragraphs: The Goliath birdeater spider is one of the largest spiders in the world. It is a tarantula. It lives in burrows in swampy areas of northern South America. It eats insects, rodents, bats, small birds, lizards, frogs, and snakes. The spiders have fangs, but their venom is harmless to people. Hairs on their bodies can irritate human skin. Explorers named the spider when they saw one eating a hummingbird.

paragraphs: The female lays 100 to 200 eggs. The babies hatch in two months. The female spiders sometimes eat their mates. Females can live about 20 years, but males only live 3 to 6 years. These spiders can have a leg span of up to and a body length of up to . They can weigh up to . The spider's living areas are threatened by real estate development.


title: Elijah Muhammad

paragraphs: Elijah Muhammad (born Elijah Robert Poole; October 7, 1897 – February 25, 1975) was an African-American religious leader, who led the Nation of Islam from 1934 until his death in 1975. He was a mentor to Malcolm X, Louis Farrakhan, Muhammad Ali; and his son Warith Deen Mohammed.

paragraphs: Muhammad was born on October 7, 1897 in Sandersville, Georgia. Poole married Clara Evans (1899–1972) on March 7, 1917. They had eight children. Muhammad died from congestive heart failure at the age of 77 on February 25, 1975, the day before Saviours' Day, at Mercy Hospital in Chicago, Illinois.

paragraphs: Al Freeman, Jr. played him in the 1992 movie "Malcolm X".


title: Malcolm X (movie)

paragraphs: Malcolm X is a 1992 American biographical movie directed by Spike Lee. Its stars Denzel Washington as Malcolm X. It also stars Angela Bassett, Albert Hall, Al Freeman, Jr., and Delroy. Al Sharpton and Nelson Mandela also appear in this movie.

paragraphs: It received positive reviews. It was released on November 18, 1992. In 2010, the movie was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".


title: Judith, Countess of Flanders

paragraphs: Judith of Flanders (or Judith of the Franks) (–), was a member of the Frankish Royal family, twice Queen of Wessex, and by her third marriage Countess of Flanders.

paragraphs: Judith was the eldest daughter of the Frankish King and Holy Roman Emperor Charles the Bald and his wife Ermentrude of Orléans. She was born about 844. Judith inherited her name and her willful temperament from her grandmother, Judith of Bavaria. In 855 King Æthelwulf of Wessex made a to Rome, remaining there about a year. On his return in 856 he stayed at the court of the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles the Bald. In July Æthelwulf became engaged to Judith, Charles' oldest daughter. She was at most thirteen years of age at the time.

paragraphs: On 1 October 856 they were married at Verberie in northern France. The marriage was at best a diplomatic alliance. Both men were suffering from Viking attacks, and formed a common alliance. Charles insisted that his daughter be queen. He wanted her position in England. At her she was anointed with , usually reserved for anointing bishops and kings.

paragraphs: Up to this time in Wessex they did not allow queens. The king's wife was just that, the king's wife. When Æthelwulf first ordered his new queen to sit beside him it caused concern among his people. In Wessex there were old regarding the evil of having a queen. But his order was obeyed without any objections from his nobles. Judith had no children by Æthelwulf, who died in 858. He was succeeded by his son Æthelbald, who married Judith, his step-mother. The marriage was by Asser as well as, according to him, all who heard of it. Two and a half years later Æthelbald died leaving her a widow a second time.

paragraphs: Judith returned to France the widow of her own stepson. To avoid scandal her father was keeping her under close guard at his castle at Senlis. He was looking for a new husband for her so she could be quietly married. Baldwin was already a count, probably at Ghent. He was in Senlis in early 862. Baldwin either abducted or convinced Judith to run off with him. The fact she slipped out of the castle dressed as a peasant girl seems to point to her cooperation. She also had help from her brother Lewis. When her father discovered what had happened he was furious. He was furious with Lewis as well. Baldwin and Judith fled to the court of Lothair II, king of Lorraine. He was Judith's cousin. Once they were safely out of her father's reach Baldwin married her. This was about 862. King Charles had his bishops excommunicate the couple. He also demanded that his nephew return Baldwin and his daughter Judith to him. At this point Baldwin and Judith wisely fled to Rome. They asked Pope Nicholas I to and their marriage. Baldwin made known his intent to join the Vikings if his marriage was not allowed. Vikings were a constant threat in northern France and Baldwin was needed to help fight them. The pope decided their marriage was valid and had the bishops withdraw their excommunication. Charles the Bald was forced to accept Baldwin as his son-in-law. By her marriage Judith became the first Countess of Flanders. Baldwin was given rule over Flanders with the title of (count of a ) of Flanders. He protected Flanders for the next fifteen years from Vikings. Judith was last known to be living in 870. Baldwin died in 879.

paragraphs: Judith gave her descendants, the counts of Flanders and Boulogne, the status of from Charlemagne. She was also an of Matilda of Flanders, the consort of William the Conqueror, and thus of later monarchs of England.

paragraphs: By her first husband, Æthelwulf, King of Wessex, she had no children.

paragraphs: By her second husband, Æthelbald, King of Wessex, she had no children.

paragraphs: By her third husband, Baldwin I of Flanders, Judith's children included:


title: Mechagodzilla

paragraphs: Mechagodzilla is a fictional monster who appears in movies in the "Godzilla" series. He is Godzilla's robotic doppelgänger. He first appeared in "Godzilla vs. Mechagodzilla", a 1974 kaiju movie from Toho Studios. He is one of Godzilla's most powerful enemies.


title: Coupling constant

paragraphs: Every force has a coupling constant, which is a measure of its strength in an interaction. The coupling constant determines the chances of one particle to emit or absorb another particle. In electromagnetism, for example, the coupling constant is based on the electric charge. A coupling constant plays an important role in dynamics.

paragraphs: When physicists study the quantum behaviour of electromagnetism, they can not solve the whole theory exactly, because every particle may emit and absorb many other particles, which may also do the same, endlessly. So events of emission and absorption are considered as perturbations and are dealt with by a series of approximations.

paragraphs: This also can happen in string theory. String theories have a coupling constant. It determines the probability that a 1-dimensional string of energy will separate into "two" separate energy strings. But unlike in particle theories, the string coupling constant is not just a number, but depends on one of the oscillation modes of the string.


title: Latin dance

paragraphs: Latin dance is a general term for dance styles from the Americas and Spain. It is also a term for dances in the international latin dance syllabus: rumba, cha-cha-cha, samba, paso doble and jive.

paragraphs: Social latin dances include salsa, mambo, merengue, tumba, bachata, bomba, plena, cumbia, and the Argentine tango. There are many dances which were popular in the first part of the 20th century, but which are now of only historical interest. The Cuban danzón is a good example.


title: Arnulf II, Count of Flanders

paragraphs: Arnulf II of Flanders (–987), called Arnulf the Young was a French nobleman and the Count of Flanders. He ruled from 965 until his death. He ruled a much smaller County of Flanders than his father.

paragraphs: Arnulf II, born about 961, was the son of Baldwin III, Count of Flanders and Mathilde. She was the daughter of Herman, Duke of Saxony. His father Baldwin III died in 962 when Arnulf was just an infant. His grandfather, Arnulf I, was still alive and ruling Flanders. When Arnulf I died three years later (965), the was held by his Baldwin Balso. The regent Balso died in 973.

paragraphs: By the time Arnulf reached his in 976, Flanders had lost some of the southern acquired by Arnulf I. His grandfather had given some parts of Picardy to King Lothar of France to help make sure his grandson, Arnulf II would succeed him. Arnulf I also Boulogne as a fief to his nephew, Arnulf II, Count of Boulogne. Then early in Arnulf's minority King Lothar had taken Ponthieu and given it to Hugh Capet, and the first counts of Guînes had established themselves there. Arnulf died on 30 March, 987, just 26 years old.

paragraphs: Shortly after Arnulf's death his widow married Robert II, King of France as his first wife.

paragraphs: In 968 he married Rozala of Lombardy, daughter of Berengar II of Italy, and had two children:


title: Baldwin IV, Count of Flanders

paragraphs: Baldwin IV of Flanders (980–1035) known as "Baldwin the Bearded", was a French nobleman and the Count of Flanders. He ruled from 987 until his death. His reign saw Flanders grow into a powerful principality.

paragraphs: Baldwin IV, born c.980, was the son of Arnulf II, Count of Flanders and Rozala of Ivrea. When his father died in 987 Baldwin succeeded him as Count of Flanders . His mother, Rozala, was the regent of Flanders until he reached the age of majority. After his father's death, his mother's second marriage was arranged by Hugh Capet. She married Hugh's son Robert II, King of France as his first wife. When Robert repudiated her in 991 Baldwin rebelled. When they came to terms Artois and Ostrevant, once taken from Flanders, were returned to Baldwin.

paragraphs: Unlike his predecessors Baldwin was more interested in what lay east of Flanders. He left the southern part of his territory in the hands of his vassals the counts of Guînes, Hesdin, and St. Pol. Baldwin was the first count of Flanders to extend Flemish control eastward. He was given Zeeland as a fief by the Holy Roman Emperor Henry II. He also received Valenciennes from the emperor. Then Baldwin obtained parts of the Cambresis as well as Saint-Omer and the northern Ternois (1120).

paragraphs: In the French territories the principality of Flanders remained powerful throughout the Capetian period. The Flemish economy saw strong growth during Baldwin's reign. Baldwin IV died on 30 May, 1035.

paragraphs: Baldwin married first, Ogive of Luxembourg. She was a daughter of Frederick of Luxembourg, by whom he had a son and heir:

paragraphs: He secondly married Eleanor of Normandy, daughter of Richard II, Duke of Normandy, by whom he had a daughter:


title: Ribozyme

paragraphs: A ribozyme (ribonucleic acid enzyme) is an RNA molecule that can help certain biochemical reactions. similar to the action of protein enzymes.

paragraphs: Also called "catalytic RNA", ribozymes work in the ribosome to link amino acids during protein synthesis. They also take part in RNA splicing, viral replication, and transfer RNA biosynthesis.

paragraphs: The 1981 discovery of ribozymes showed RNA can be both genetic material (like DNA) and a biological catalyst (like enzymes). This led to the RNA world hypothesis, in which RNA acts in the evolution of prebiotic self-replicating systems.

paragraphs: Investigators studying the origin of life have produced ribozymes in the laboratory that can catalyze their own synthesis under certain conditions, such as an RNA polymerase ribozyme. Improved variants of the "Round-18" polymerase ribozyme have been developed. "B6.61" is able to add up to 20 nucleotides to a primer template in 24 hours, until it decomposes by cleavage of its phosphodiester bonds. The "tC19Z" ribozyme can add up to 95 nucleotides with great accuracy.

paragraphs: Some ribozymes may play an important role as therapeutic agents, as enzymes which target defined RNA sequences for cleavage, as biosensors, and for applications in genomics and gene discovery.

paragraphs: In 1967, Carl Woese, Francis Crick, and Leslie Orgel suggested that RNA could act as a catalyst. It was discovered that RNA can form complex secondary structures.

paragraphs: The first ribozymes were discovered in the 1980s. In 1989, Thomas Cech and Sidney Altman won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their "discovery of catalytic properties of RNA".


title: Violin Concertos (Mozart)

paragraphs: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart wrote at least five violin concertos between 1773 and 1776 in Salzburg, Austria, most likely for his own use as concertmaster of the Archbishop of Salzburg's orchestra.

paragraphs: This concerto is scored for violin solo, 2 oboes, 2 horns and strings, and was composed in Salzburg on April 14, 1773 or 1775. The date is uncertain. There are three movements: Allegro moderato; Adagio; Presto.

paragraphs: All three movements are written in sonata form, a form reserved by classical composers for their more serious works. The second movement is marked Adagio, a more intense tempo than Mozart's usual Andantes.

paragraphs: The D major concerto is scored for violin solo, 2 oboes, 2 horns, and strings. It was written in Salzburg and dated June 14, 1775. It consists of three movements: Allegro moderato; Andante; (Rondeau) Allegro.

paragraphs: This concerto is scored for violin solo, 2 oboes, 2 horns, and strings. It was composed in Salzburg and is dated September 12, 1775. It consists of three movements: Allegro; Adagio; (Rondeau) Allegro.

paragraphs: The fourth concerto in D major is scored for violin solo, 2 oboes, 2 horns, and strings. It was composed in Salzburg, and is dated October 1775. The autograph of the score is kept in Biblioteka Jagiellońska, Kraków.

paragraphs: The fifth concerto in A major is scored for violin solo, 2 oboes, 2 horns, and strings. It was written in Salzburg and is dated December 20, 1775. It consists of three movements: Allegro aperto; Adagio; (Rondeau) Tempo di Menuetto.

paragraphs: A sixth concerto, in E flat major, was at one time attributed to Mozart but is now attributed instead to Johann Friedrich Eck.

paragraphs: Violin Concerto No. 7 in D Major, also called the Kolb Concerto.


title: Samurai Pizza Cats

paragraphs: Samurai Pizza Cats is a television anime series produced by Saban. It is an English version of the Japanese anime series " Kyatto Ninden Teyandee", which aired on TV Tokyo from February 1, 1990 to February 12, 1991. It aired for 54 episodes. It was very popular among English anime fans because of its references to pop culture and the crazy nature of the show.

paragraphs: The series is about a group of three robotic samurai cats called the Samurai Pizza Cats who protect the city of Little Tokyo from crime. Little Tokyo is a mechanical city which combines feudal Japanese culture with present day culture. When they are not fighting crime, the Samurai Pizza Cats work at the city's pizzeria.


title: Latte

paragraphs: Latte is a kind of coffee made with espresso and hot milk.


title: Adventure movie

paragraphs: Adventure movies are a genre of movies. They contain many of the same features of action movies, but are usually set in exotic locations. The main theme is adventure, with the characters often exploring places they have not been before or doing things they have not done before. Common storylines include quests for lost treasure, heroic journeys for the unknown, and jungle or desert settings. Adventure movies are often set in an historical time and may be based on stories of historical or fictional adventure heroes within the historical context. Kings, battles, rebellion or piracy are commonly seen in adventure movies. Adventure movies may also be combined with other movie genres, such as science fiction, fantasy and sometimes war movies.

paragraphs: The adventure movie was most popular in Hollywood during the 1930s and 1940s. Movies such as "Captain Blood", "The Adventures of Robin Hood" and "The Mark of Zorro" were regularly made with major stars, notably Errol Flynn and Tyrone Power, who were closely associated with the genre. In the earliest adventure movies, the main character was usually male. They were portrayed as courageous heroes, facing tyrants or rescuing a beautiful woman in distress.

paragraphs: Adventure movies usually emphasise the mystery, romance, adventure, danger, and terror of the unknown. Common settings include a jungle or desert. Classic dangers include ferocious man-eating mammals and reptiles, hostile natives, deadly diseases, lost cities and crumbling temples, torrential rivers, waterfalls, whirlpools, and quicksand bogs, damsels in distress, evil emirs and treacherous tribal chieftains, and despicable white adventurers from the civilized world intent on exploiting the jungle, its animals, treasures, resources, and primitive native peoples.

paragraphs: Adventure movies may crossover into other genres such as war, crime, romance, or horror.

paragraphs: Notable examples of jungle adventure movies include "King Kong" (adventure, romance, horror), "The African Queen" (romance, adventure), "I Walked with a Zombie" (romance, horror), Disney's animated "The Jungle Book" (children's, comedy, musical), "Apocalypse Now" (war), and the many Bomba movies, and the Tarzan movies and serials. Since the first theatrical releases of jungle movies in the early 20th century, popular interest in the genre has never waned. Comic books, novels, pulp magazines, and television series have stoked the genre's popularity over the decades.


title: Fernand Léger

paragraphs: Fernand Léger (Joseph Fernand Henri Léger, 4 February 1881 – 17 August 1955) was a French painter, sculptor, and filmmaker. In his early works he created a personal form of cubism which he gradually changed into a more popular figurative style. His boldly simplified treatment of modern subject matter made him a forerunner of pop art.

paragraphs: His personal style was called "tubism" because it was influenced by cubism, but used tube-like forms.


title: Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum

paragraphs: The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum (often referred to as "The Guggenheim") is a well-known art museum on the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York City. It has a large collection of Impressionist, Post-Impressionist, early Modern and contemporary art. It also has several special exhibitions during each year.

paragraphs: The museum was started by the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation in 1939 as the Museum of Non-Objective Painting, under the guidance of its first director, the artist Hilla von Rebay. The name was changed to honor the founder, Solomon R. Guggenheim, after his death in 1952.

paragraphs: Designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, the cylindrical museum building is wider at the top than the bottom. He wanted it to be a "temple of the spirit". The building is one of the 20th century's most important architectural landmarks. The building opened on October 21, 1959, replacing rented spaces used by the museum since 1939.

paragraphs: To design the museum, Wright created more than 700 sketches until the final draft of the project was official. Wright spent 16 years working on the design, but he died before the building was completed. His design created a lot of arguments as many people did not like it. One person said it looked like "an indigestible hot cross bun", and another said it looked like "an inverted oatmeal dish." Some artists thought that the curved walls and ramps would make it impossible to hang their paintings properly.


title: Robie House

paragraphs: The Frederick C. Robie House is a U.S. National Historic Landmark in the Chicago, Illinois neighborhood of Hyde Park at 5757 S. Woodlawn Avenue on the South Side. It was designed and built between 1908 and 1910 by architect Frank Lloyd Wright and is renowned as the greatest example of the Prairie School style, the first architectural style that was uniquely American. It was designated a National Historic Landmark on November 27, 1963 and was on the very first National Register of Historic Places list of October 15, 1966.


title: Humberto Maturana

paragraphs: Humberto Maturana (born September 14, 1928 in Santiago, Chile) is a Chilean biologist and philosopher. He is one of the second-wave systems scientists and cyberneticians.

paragraphs: Maturana, with Francisco Varela, is known for creating the term autopoiesis about the nature of life. His work has been influential in many fields, mainly the field of systems thinking and cybernetics. Overall, his work is concerned with the biology of cognition.


title: Spring Green, Wisconsin

paragraphs: Spring Green is a village in Sauk County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 1,628 at the 2010 census. The village is located within the Town of Spring Green. Architect Frank Lloyd Wright lived in Spring Green, Wisconsin.


title: Baldwin V, Count of Flanders

paragraphs: Baldwin V of Flanders (1012–1067) known as Baldwin de Lille or Baldwin de Insulanus, was a French nobleman and the Count of Flanders. He ruled from 1035 until his death. Baldwin was one of the most powerful counts in France at the time.

paragraphs: He was the son of Baldwin IV, Count of Flanders and his first wife Ogive of Luxembourg. She was a daughter of Frederick of Luxembourg, In 1028 Baldwin married Adèle of France She was the daughter of King Robert II of France. At her instigation he rebelled against his father, Baldwin IV, but in 1030 they were reconciled. When his father died in 1035 Baldwin succeeded him.

paragraphs: While Eustace I, Count of Boulogne was usually at odds with Baldwin IV, he and Baldwin V had friendly relations. They signed each other's and worked together several times. Eustace I signed three charters of Baldwin's which limited the power of .

paragraphs: Flanders under Baldwin V did not have very good relations with England. Baldwin gave refuge to England's and even gave them ships and men at times. He protected Queen Emma 1036-1040 as well as her two sons Alfred and Harthacnut. When Earl Godwin, Earl of Wessex and his family were exiled by Edward the Confessor in 1051-2, Baldwin welcomed them. He also helped them to prepare their return to England. In turn Edward the Confessor positioned his fleet off the coast of Flanders while Baldwin V was warring with Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor in 1049. This threat caused Baldwin to sue for peace with the Emperor.

paragraphs: Baldwin V had a great deal of influence due in part to several marriages alliance between Flanders and England, France and Germany. He was close to his , Henry I,the king of France. From 1060 to 1067 Baldwin was the Regent for his nephew Philip I of France. In 1051 Baldwin had Richildis, the widow of Count Herman of Hainault, to marry his son Baldwin VI. This gave him control of Hainault through his son. This also led to a series of conflicts between Baldwin V and Emperor Henry III, as Hainault was part of the Holy Roman Empire. After a series of defeats Henry III withdrew back to Germany and died a short time later. In 1056 Baldwin received the whole of the Schelt march as a fief from Agnes of Poitou, regent for her son Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor. Baldwin's daughter Matilda married William I of England, later king of England. At first the marriage was banned by Pope Leo IX. He did not give a reason but it was probably because the two were cousins. Some time between 1050 and 1052 the two married despite the ban. Although Baldwin allowed some Flemish support for his Norman conquest of England relations between Baldwin and his son-in-law William the Conqueror were not that friendly. The English king was wary of Baldwin's growing power. But by then Baldwin was growing old. He died 1 September 1067.

paragraphs: Baldwin and his wife Adèle had three children:


title: Weymouth, Massachusetts

paragraphs: Weymouth is a city in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States. As of the 2010 census, Weymouth had a total population of 53,743. Despite its city status, it is formally known as the Town of Weymouth. It is named after Weymouth, Dorset, a coastal town in England. It is the second oldest European settlement in Massachusetts. Actor Hal Holbrook and architect Frank Lloyd Wright are from Weymouth.


title: Francisco Varela

paragraphs: Francisco Javier Varela García (September 7, 1946 – May 28, 2001) was a Chilean biologist, philosopher, and neuroscientist.

paragraphs: Varela was, with his teacher Humberto Maturana, best known for introducing the concept of autopoiesis to biology, and for co-founding the Mind and Life Institute to promote dialog between science and Buddhism.

paragraphs: Varela wrote numerous books and articles:


title: Angry Birds Toons

paragraphs: Angry Birds is a Finnish animated television series based on the "Angry Birds" series of games created by Rovio Mobile. The series was first shown on channel Teletoon. It began on March 16, 2013.

paragraphs: The characters in "Angry Birds Toons" are birds, pigs, and other animals. None of the characters in the series say anything. Birds chirp, pigs grunt. But these sounds, including shouts, groans, growls, squeaks, squeals, laughter, etc., are being published by people, Finnish actors (often the authors of the series themselves are scriptwriters, directors, composers).

paragraphs: For More See "Pigs from Angry Birds Toons"

paragraphs: . Butterfly is one of the insects in the show. Chuck looked at her as he descended the mountain. She also appeared in the episodes A Pig's Best Friend, El Porkador! and The Butterfly Effect.

paragraphs: . Fly is an insect in the show. After Red breathed on her with the smell of soup Matilda, she fell to the ground.

paragraphs: . Bee is an insect in the show. It stung a small pig in the nose.

paragraphs: . Fish are one of the animals in the show. They were in an aquarium in a pig house. He also appeared in the episodoes Catch Of The Day. In the Sink or Swim episode, the red fish laughed at Red when he tried to learn to swim, and even photographed it.

paragraphs: . The Snail is an animal on the show. It has found the shape of a pig through the Chef, who tested his potion, turning all living things into pigs.

paragraphs: . Lamb is a character on the show. She threw in the disguised birds Chef and two pigs.

paragraphs: . Crab is a character in the show. When Red tried to swim with a mask with a pipe, but he did not get out and he went to the bottom, the crab jumped on it.

paragraphs: . Sea Monster is a character on the show. It was awakened when the pigs threw a dog in it, tied to the anchor.

paragraphs: Perhaps in the cartoon there will be Hal, Stella, Mighty Eagle, other pigs, but they did not appear in the trailers or had a minor role in them.

paragraphs: Rovio had announced a TV series based on the Angry Birds video games for Q4 2012. They planed to produce 52 short (sub-3 minute) episodes. The series was produced by Finnish animation studio Kombo, which Rovio bought in June 2011. The series will have 52 episodes, 4 seasons, and the theme song will be Angry Birds. "I am happy to say we are going to roll out a weekly animation series this year of short format content," said Nick Dorra, head of animation at Rovio. It aired on the Angry Birds apps on March 16th and 17th of 2013.


title: Eustace I, Count of Boulogne

paragraphs: Eustace I, of Boulogne, was a Frankish nobleman and Count of Boulogne. He held the county of Boulogne from 1042 until his death.

paragraphs: He was the oldest son of Count Baldwin II of Boulogne and Adelina of Holland. Eustace became count in 1042. Eustace I was also the count of Lens.

paragraphs: During the minority of Baldwin IV, Count of Flanders, Eustace's grandfather, Arnulf III, Count of Boulogne, broke free of control by the count of Flanders. Both Eustace's father and Eustace himself remained independent. In 995, having reached his , Baldwin IV of Flanders tried to take back several of the independently held castles. He also expanded the Flemish borders. This had caused considerable between Baldwin IV, Count of Flanders and Eustace's father. When Baldwin IV's son Baldwin V succeeded him in 1035 Eustace I and Baldwin V of Flanders cooperated on several ventures including several charters. Eustace also signed charters of Baldwin V which limited the powers of the .

paragraphs: Eustace I was allied to the house of Normandy. This was through the marriage of his son Eustace II to Goda, niece of Richard II. Under Eustace I the counts of Boulogne rose to great prominence in Northern France. He was apparently a patron of Samer Abbey near Calais and he is said to have been buried there. In 1028 Eustace I confirmed the foundation of a college of canons at his castle at Lens Eustace I died in 1049.

paragraphs: Eustace I was married to Matilda of Leuven. She was the daughter of Lambert I, Count of Leuven. Together they had:


title: 2012 Delhi gang rape

paragraphs: The 2012 Delhi gang rape case involved a gang rape and murder that happened on 16 December 2012 in Delhi, India. A 23-year-old female physiotherapy intern was beaten and gang raped on a bus that had been stolen by the gang. The woman died from her injuries. Four men were accused. They were found guilty. They received the death penalty. A minor was accused. He was sentenced to three years in prison. Rest of other accused got the death penalty on 20 March 2020.


title: American Airlines Flight 587

paragraphs: American Airlines Flight 587 was a scheduled commercial flight from John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City to Las Américas International Airport in the Dominican Republic. The aircraft used was a Airbus A300-600. On November 12, 2001, the aircraft crashed into the Belle Harbor neighborhood of Queens, New York. All 260 people on the flight were killed. Five people on the ground were also killed. The crash was caused by the failure of the plane's tail because of pilot error in wake turbulence (turbulence that forms behind an airplane as it goes through the air). It is the second-deadliest plane crash in the United States after American Airlines Flight 191, which occurred on May 25, 1979.

paragraphs: Since accident took place two months and one day after the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center in Manhattan. It lead people to believe that the crash was caused by terrorism.

paragraphs: American Airlines Flight 587, an Airbus A300B4-605R registration (N14053) was piloted by Captain Edward "Ed" States, (42) and First Officer Sten Molin, (34). The First Officer was flying the plane. Most of the passengers on-board were Americans, but 68 were Dominicans as well, there were also five Indonesians, three Taiwanese, two Canadians, two Australians, two Brazilians, one French, one German, one Haitian, one Italian, one Japanese, one Dutch, one Israeli, one Mexican, one British, and one Swiss passengers on board.

paragraphs: Flight 587 was scheduled to leave John F Kennedy at 08:00 for a flight to Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. The boarding process at gate 22 took a little longer than planned due to additional security procedures that delayed boarding. The gate was closed at 08:38 and push-back from the gate was accomplished at 9:00. The crew taxied to runway 31L behind Japan Airlines Flight 047, a Boeing 747-400 bound for Tokyo, Narita. Japan Airlines Flight 047 was cleared for takeoff at 9:11am, as the 747 climbed, the tower contacted Flight 587’s pilots and warned them about potential wake turbulence from the 747.

paragraphs: At 9:13:28 Flight 587 was cleared for takeoff from Runway 31L. The aircraft left the runway at 9:14:29, about 1 minute and 40 seconds after the JAL flight. From takeoff, the plane climbed to an altitude of 500 ft above mean sea level (msl) and then entered a climbing left turn to heading of 220. At 9:15:00, the pilot made initial contact with the departure controller informing him that the airplane was at 1,300 ft and climbing to 5,000 ft. The departure controller instructed the aircraft to maintain 13,000 ft.

paragraphs: At 9:15:36, when the aircraft hit wake turbulence from the JAL flight just in front of it. The first officer attempted to stabilise the aircraft with alternating aggressive rudder inputs from left to right. This continued for at least 20 seconds, until 9:15:56, when the stress of the first officer’s repeated rudder movements caused the lugs that attached the vertical stabilizer and rudder to break. The stabilizer separated from the aircraft and fell into Jamaica Bay, about one mile north of the main wreckage site.

paragraphs: Eight seconds later, the stall warning sounded on the cockpit voice recorder. At the moment the stabilizer separated from the aircraft the plane pitched downwards, As the pilots struggled to control the aircraft, it went into a flat spin. The resulting aerodynamic loads sheared both engines from the aircraft seconds before impact. The engines landed several blocks north and east of the main wreckage site. Losing the engines cut off power to the FDR at 9:16:00, while the CVR cut off at 9:16:15 moments before impact.

paragraphs: The fuselage slammed onto the ground in Belle Harbor on Newport Avenue and Beach 131st Street, instantly destroying three houses. All 260 people aboard the plane and five people on the ground were killed, and the impact forces and post-crash fire destroyed the wreckage.

paragraphs: The investigation into the crash of American Airlines Flight 587 was led by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB).

paragraphs: They concluded that the probable cause of the in-flight separation of the vertical stabilizer was the result of the loads beyond ultimate design that were created by the first officer’s unnecessary and excessive rudder pedal inputs. Contributing to these rudder pedal inputs were characteristics of the A300-600 rudder system design and elements of the American Airlines Aircraft Manoeuvring Program.


title: La Cambre Abbey

paragraphs: La Cambre Abbey (French: Abbaye de la Cambre) is a former abbey in Ixelles, Brussels, Belgium. It is between Bois de la Cambre and the Ixelles Ponds. It was founded in 1201 by a noble woman of Brussels, Gisèle. The abbey church is a Catholic church. The monastery also has the headquarters of the Belgian National Geographic Institute and a visual arts school. It has a small park in the front and a larger one in the back.


title: Altered state of consciousness

paragraphs: An altered state of consciousness (ASC), or altered state of mind, is any condition which is significantly different from a normal waking state. The expression was used in 1966 by Arnold M. Ludwig, and brought into common usage by Charles Tart. It describes induced changes in one's mental state, almost always temporary. A synonymous phrase is "altered state of awareness".

paragraphs: Altered states of consciousness can be associated with artistic creativity, or different focus levels. They also can be shared between people and studied as a subject of sociological research.

paragraphs: During an altered state of consciousness, brain waves occupy different frequencies (i.e. Epsilon, Delta, Theta, Alpha, Beta, Gamma). These waves can be measured by electroencephalography (EEG). Also, subjective reports and observer reports of behaviour are used to identify the altered state.


title: Tony! Toni! Toné!

paragraphs: Tony! Toni! Toné! are an American rhythm and blues club who originated out of Oakland, California. They were extremely popular in the late 1980s-early 1990s. Their debut record "Who?" was released in 1988. Their hit singles included "Little Walter" and "Let's Get Down". They disbanded around 1997, although they returned six years later.


title: Autopoiesis

paragraphs: Autopoiesis refers to life and other self-organising systems. The word means "self creation or self-production". It refers to a system which can reproduce and sustain itself.

paragraphs: The term was introduced in 1972 by Chilean biologists Humberto Maturana and Francisco Varela to define the self-maintaining chemistry of living cells. Since then the concept has also been applied to systems theory and sociology.

paragraphs: Autopoiesis was a modern definition for life, plus any other systems with lifelike properties. To qualify for the name "autopoiesis" a system would need to show three main features:

paragraphs: Roth commented that "In short, organisms are self-reproducing and self-maintaining, or 'autopoietic', systems". This approach makes use of molecular biology ideas and systems science ideas, but it does not refer to the particular way life is organised on Earth. This is because the authors thought it was possible for machines to have those features, and for other types of life to exist.


title: Baldwin VI, Count of Flanders

paragraphs: Baldwin VI of Flanders (–1070), called Baldwin de Mons was a Frankish nobleman. He was the ruling Count of Hainaut ("jure uxoris") from 1051 to 1070 (as Baldwin I) and succeeded his father as Count of Flanders from 1067 to 1070.

paragraphs: Baldwin was the oldest son of Baldwin V, Count of Flanders and Adela of France. Adela was a daughter of king Robert II of France. and Constance of Arles. He was also the brother of Matilda of Flanders, Queen consort of England and wife of William the Conqueror, King of England.

paragraphs: His father arranged his marriage, under threat of arms, to Richilde, Countess of Hainaut. She was the widow of Herman of Mons and heiress of Hainaut. Because Hainaut was a part of the Holy Roman Empire this enraged Emperor Henry III who had not been consulted. He went to war against the two Baldwins but was not successful. Between 1050 and 1054 Lambert II, Count of Lens fought alongside the Baldwins against Henry III. He was one of Baldwin V's leading vassals. Lambert was killed at the battle of Lille in 1054. Others fighting for the Counts of Flanders against Henry III included the lords of Alost.

paragraphs: Richilde son Roger, from her first marriage, was thought by her not fit to be the next count of Hainaut. Baldwin and Richilde arranged for him to be the Bishop of Chalons. This allowed her son by her second marriage, Baldwin (II) to become the count of Hainaut. Her daughter by her first husband became a nun. Baldwin acquired the remainder of the county of Hainaut by fiefs and by purchasing allods. Baldwin died 17 Jul 1070. His early death left Flanders and Hainaut in the hands of his young son Arnulf III, with Richilde as regent.

paragraphs: Baldwin rebuilt the monastery of Hasnon and gave gifts of his own properties to support it. He placed monks there and made it his burial place.

paragraphs: Baldwin and Richilde were the parents of:


title: David Frost

paragraphs: Sir David Paradine Frost OBE (7 April 1939 – 31 August 2013) was an English journalist, comedian, writer, media personality and daytime TV game show host.

paragraphs: He became famous when he hosted "That Was The Week That Was" in 1962. This was a political satire in a period of change. During the later part of his career, he became known for his television interviews with senior political figures. One of his interviews included The Nixon Interviews with former United States President Richard Nixon in 1977. These events were later made into a and .

paragraphs: Frost was born on 7 April 1939 in Tenterden, Kent, England. He was raised in Gillingham, Kent. Frost studied at Gillingham Grammar School and at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge.

paragraphs: Frost was married to Lynne Frederick from 1981 until they divorced in 1982. He had an 18-year intermittent affair with Carol Lynley. Then he was married to Lady Carina Fitzalan-Howard from 1983 until his death in 2013. He had three sons with Fitzalan-Howard. Diana, Princess of Wales was the godmother of Frost's youngest son. He was once briefly engaged to American actress Diahann Carroll.

paragraphs: Frost died on 31 August 2013 while giving a speech on board the cruise ship MS Queen Elizabeth from a heart attack caused by cardiomyopathy. He was 74 years old.


title: Battle of Cassel (1071)

paragraphs: The Battle of Cassel was fought on 22 February 1071 between Robert the Frisian and his nephew, Arnulf III (son of Baldwin VI, Count of Flanders). The battle was a victory for Robert the Frisian; Arnulf III was killed in the battle. This battle severely weakened the of Flanders.

paragraphs: Arnulf succeeded his father Baldwin in 1070. His mother Richilde, Countess of Mons and Hainaut was his regent. Robert the Frisian, Baldwin VI's brother and Arnulf III's uncle, challenged

paragraphs: Arnulf's succession to Flanders. He began gathering supporters mainly in northern Flanders (where the bulk of Arnulf's forces were located). Arnulf's ranks contained individuals such as Count Eustace II, Count of Boulogne, his son Eustace III, and Godfrey of Bouillon (future king of Jerusalem). Arnulf was also supported by King Philip I of France who knighted Arnulf at the time. His uncle, William the Conqueror sent Arnulf ten Norman knights led by William FitzOsbern, 1st Earl of Hereford.

paragraphs: Robert's forces attacked Arnulf's larger army before it could organize. Arnulf himself was killed. Also killed in the battle was William FitzOsborn. Captured were Richilde (by Robert's forces) and Robert (by Arnulf III's force). Richilde was exchanged for Robert's freedom. Robert kept the countship of Flanders and ruled a much smaller county until 1093. He gained the friendship of King Philip I of France, by offering him the hand in marriage of his stepdaughter, Bertha of Holland.


title: Piano Concerto No. 20 (Mozart)

paragraphs: The Piano Concerto No. 20 in D minor, K. 466 is a piece of music for solo piano and orchestra. It was written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart between January and February 1785. Mozart first performed the concerto in Vienna, Austria, on February 11, 1785. The concerto is very dramatic. It has always been popular with musicians and music lovers.

paragraphs: The Piano Concerto in D minor was written by Mozart between the third week of January 1785 and February 10 of the same year. The next day, his father Leopold Mozart arrived in Vienna from Salzburg, Austria for a 10-week stay. That evening, Mozart performed the concerto at the Mehlgrube Casino. Leopold wrote his daughter Nannerl: "We arrived at 1 o'clock ... the copyist was still copying the new concerto and your poor brother did not have enough time to play through the Rondo because he had to supervise the copying ... On the same evening we drove to the first of his six subscription concerts. A great many members of the aristocracy were present. They each pay three ducats for these Lenten concerts ... Your brother is giving them at the Mehlgrube ... The concert was magnificent and the orchestra played splendidly ... A female singer from the Italian theatre sang two arias then we had the new and very fine concerto." Mozart played the concerto again at the Burgtheater on February 15, 1785.

paragraphs: The Piano Concerto in D minor is a moody, chromatic work of passionate, troubled, and dramatic outbursts. The work was a favorite of 19th century musiciansin spite of its 75-measure "happy ending" in D major. Nineteenth century musicians typically did not like "happy endings" in intensely dramatic, turbulent works such as this concerto. The Piano Concerto in D minor is the first of only two concertos Mozart wrote in minor keys. The other is the Piano Concerto in C minor.

paragraphs: The Piano Concerto in D minor is written for solo piano, flute, 2 oboes, 2 bassoons, 2 horns, 2 trumpets, timpani, and strings. This was the first time Mozart used trumpets and drums in a piano concerto.

paragraphs: Mozart did not write cadenzas for the concerto. His son, Franz Xavier Wolfgang Mozart, was a pianist-composer who had the concerto in his repertory, and wrote cadenzas for it.

paragraphs: Beethoven also had the D minor concerto in his repertory though he did not usually perform the compositions of other composers. He did however perform the Piano Concerto in D minor several times. He wrote cadenzas for the first and third movements. In his cadenza for the first movement, Beethoven plunges the listener into a world of powerful, frightening, and intense drama.


title: Words with Friends

paragraphs: Words with Friends is a multi-player word game by Zynga. Players take turns to place words like crosswords on a board, similar to Scrabble. Up to 30 games can be played at the same time. Notifications are used to tell users when it is their turn. Players can find friends by their username, or by Facebook.

paragraphs: The game was released in July 2009. It can be played across the operating systems operating systems Android, Windows Phone and iOS (iPad, iPhone, iPod Touch). It can also be played on Facebook, Kindle Fire, and Nook Tablet. In the game is an unreliable chat feature, which allows opponents to send messages to each other. From 2010 to 2011 Words with Friends was one of the top games in the iOS app store. It can be played as a free version with advertisements, or a paid version without ads.

paragraphs: The rules of the game are essentially the same as Scrabble. Some features are different, such as where bonus tiles are, and the points scored by some letters. Players have 7 randomly picked tiles. These tiles are filled whenever some are played on the board until all of the tiles have been used. Players take turns putting words on the board. If they do not play a word, they can swap tiles with ones not yet used, or pass their turn. Words can be placed up and down, or left and right. Players want to score as many points as they can.

paragraphs: The game ends when a player has no more tiles, and there are no more tiles in the bag. After the last tile is played, the other player will lose points for the total score of their tiles. These points are given to the person who played the final move. The player with the highest score wins.

paragraphs: Players can move their tiles around. They can also reorder them by pressing a button or shaking the device. Players can quit games if they want to. The game has two more features, "tile bag" and "word-o-meter", both can be used for free.

paragraphs: 173,000 words can be played. The list of words used is based on the Enhanced North American Benchmark Lexicon (ENABLE).

paragraphs: The game was made by Shawn Lohstroh for brothers Paul and David Bettner. They were the owners of Newtoy Inc. at the time.

paragraphs: In 2012, Zynga produced many physical board games of "Words with Friends" in association with Hasbro. There is a normal version, a "Luxe" version with a board that turns, and a "To Go" travel version


title: Taliesin West

paragraphs: Taliesin West was architect Frank Lloyd Wright's winter home and school in the desert from 1937 until his death in 1959 at the age of 91. Today it is the main campus of the Frank Lloyd Wright School of Architecture and houses the Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation.

paragraphs: Open to the public for tours, Taliesin West is located on Frank Lloyd Wright Boulevard in Scottsdale, Arizona, USA. The complex drew its name from Wright's summer home, Taliesin, in Spring Green, Wisconsin.


title: Frank Lloyd Wright-Prairie School of Architecture Historic District

paragraphs: The Frank Lloyd Wright/Prairie School of Architecture Historic District is a residential neighborhood in the village of Oak Park, Illinois. The Frank Lloyd Wright Historic District is both a federally designated historic district listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places and a local historic district within the village of Oak Park.

paragraphs: The districts have differing boundaries and contributing properties, over 80 of which were designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, widely regarded as the greatest American architect to have ever lived.


title: Taliesin (studio)

paragraphs: Taliesin near Spring Green, Wisconsin, was the summer home of American architect Frank Lloyd Wright. Wright began the building in 1911 after leaving his first wife, Catherine Tobin, and his Oak Park, Illinois, home and studio in 1909.

paragraphs: The impetus behind Wright's departure was his affair with Mamah Borthwick Cheney, who had been his client, along with her husband, Edwin Cheney. His winter home, Taliesin West, is located in Scottsdale, Arizona.

paragraphs: Some of the buildings designed at Taliesin were Fallingwater, the Guggenheim Museum, the Johnson Wax Headquarters, and the first Usonian home, the first Herbert and Katherine Jacobs house, in Madison, Wisconsin (1936).


title: American Institute of Architects

paragraphs: The American Institute of Architects or the AIA is an organization for architects in the United States. It is headquartered in Washington, D.C..

paragraphs: The AIA offers education, government advice, community redevelopment, and public outreach to support the architecture profession and improve its public image. The AIA also works with other members of the design and construction team to help coordinate the building industry.


title: Mort Walker

paragraphs: Addison Morton Walker (September 3, 1923 – January 27, 2018), popularly known as Mort Walker, was an American comic artist best known for creating the newspaper comic strips "Beetle Bailey" in 1950 and "Hi and Lois" in 1954. He has signed Addison to some of his strips.

paragraphs: Walker was born on September 3, 1923 in El Dorado, Kansas. He was raised in Kansas City, Kansas. Walker studied at Northeast High School and at the University of Missouri.

paragraphs: Walker died from complications of pneumonia on January 27, 2018 at his home in Stamford, Connecticut. He was 94 years old.


title: Orson Bean

paragraphs: Orson Bean (July 22, 1928 – February 7, 2020) was an American actor. He appeared on televised game shows in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, including being a long-time panelist on the television game show "To Tell the Truth". He was also known for his role as Roy Bender on "Desperate Housewives".

paragraphs: Bean was born on July 22, 1928 in Burlington, Vermont. He studied at Harvard College and at Cambridge Rindge and Latin School.

paragraphs: Bean was married to Jacqueline deSibour from 1956 until they divorced in 1962. They had one child. Then he was married to Carolyn Maxwell from 1965 until they divorced in 1981. They had three children. Then he was married to Alley Mills from 1993 to 2020.

paragraphs: Bean was hit and killed by two cars in Los Angeles on February 7, 2020 at the age of 91.


title: Charlestown, Rhode Island

paragraphs: Charlestown is a coastal town in Washington County in southwestern Rhode Island. It is near Westerly. The town was officially incorporated in 1738. The population was over 7,800 during the 2010 Census.


title: Shahid Afridi

paragraphs: Shahid Afridi (), born Sahibzada Mohammad Shahid Khan Afridi on 1 March 1975) is a Pakistani cricketer. He played 27 Tests, 350 One Day Internationals, and 59 Twenty20 Internationals (T20Is) for the Pakistani national team between 1996 and 2012. He first played a ODI match on 2 October 1996 against Kenya. He played his first Test match on 22 October 1998 against Australia.

paragraphs: On 4 October 1996, Afridi scored the fastest ODI century in just 37 balls. He held this record for 12 years, until Corey Anderson broke it in 2013. He scored 32 runs in a single over, the second highest scoring over ever in an ODI. He has also hit the most number of sixes in the history of ODI cricket. He holds the record of most wickets in T20 from Pakistan. Indian former cricketer Ravi Shastari gave him the title of "Boom Boom".


title: Southern Connecticut State University

paragraphs: The Southern Connecticut State University is one of four universities in the U.S. state of Connecticut. The university is in New Haven. It was established in 1893. It is the third oldest campus of the Connecticut State University System.


title: So Long, Frank Lloyd Wright

paragraphs: "So Long, Frank Lloyd Wright" is a song written by Paul Simon that was originally released on Simon & Garfunkel's 1970 album "Bridge Over Troubled Water". It was released on several Simon & Garfunkel compilation albums. It has also been recorded by the London Pops Orchestra and Joe Chindamo trio.

paragraphs: Art Garfunkel said that the origin of the song came from his request that Paul Simon write a song about the famous architect Frank Lloyd Wright. Simon has stated that he wrote the song despite not knowing who Frank Lloyd Wright was.


title: Unity Chapel

paragraphs: The Unity Chapel is in town of Wyoming in Iowa County, Wisconsin. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

paragraphs: The Unitarian chapel was designed for Jenkin Lloyd Jones, a Unitarian minister from Wales. Jones' nephew, Frank Lloyd Wright, worked on the project.


title: Johnson Wax Headquarters

paragraphs: Johnson Wax Headquarters is the world headquarters and administration building of S. C. Johnson & Son. It is in Racine, Wisconsin. It was designed by American architect Frank Lloyd Wright for the company's president, Herbert F. "Hib" Johnson. The building was constructed from 1936 to 1939. Also known as the Johnson Wax Administration Building, it and the nearby 14-story Johnson Wax Research Tower (built 1944–1950) were designated as a National Historic Landmark in 1976 as Administration Building and Research Tower, S.C. Johnson and Son.


title: Larkin Administration Building

paragraphs: The Larkin Building was designed in 1904 by Frank Lloyd Wright and built in 1906 for the Larkin Soap Company of Buffalo, New York. The five story dark red brick building used pink tinted mortar and utilized steel frame construction. It was noted for many innovations, including air conditioning, stained glass windows, built-in desk furniture, and suspended toilet bowls. Though this was an office building, it still caught the essence of Frank Lloyd Wright's type of architecture. Sculptor Richard Bock provided ornamentation for the building.

paragraphs: It was located at 680 Seneca Street, the Larkin Building was demolished in 1950.


title: Encopresis

paragraphs: Encopresis is the voluntary or involuntary passage of feces in a child who has been toilet trained (typically over age 4), which causes the soiling of clothes.


title: Antony Costa

paragraphs: Antony Daniel Costa (born 23 June 1981) is a British singer-songwriter and actor. He was born in Edgware, London to a Jewish mother and Greek father. He is best known as a member of boy band Blue. In 2006 he released a solo album, "Heart Full of Soul".


title: Harry Ferrier

paragraphs: Harry Ferrier (born 30 December 1987), is a Welsh actor. He grew up in the Cardiff suburb of Radyr and went to Radyr Comprehensive School.


title: With Blood Comes Cleansing

paragraphs: With Blood Comes Cleansing is an American deathcore band. It formed in February 2005.


title: Ableism

paragraphs: Ableism or ablecentrism is prejudice towards disabled people. The first known use of the word was in 1981, which makes it relatively new. However, the concept of ableism existed before this. 'Disablism' can be used to mean the same thing.

paragraphs: Ableism can be intentional or unintentional. People can be ableist (prejudiced towards disabled people) unintentionally because ableism is so common that people may not notice that it exists. A person who holds such a prejudice is called an "ablecentrist". Some people say that ableism is a form of oppression. Not everyone who talks about ableism agrees about what things are ableist. Disabled people can be ableist, to other disabled people or to themselves, which is called internalized ableism. Some people deny that ableism exists.

paragraphs: In some countries, there are laws that are made to protect disabled people from ableist discrimination and Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities also prohibits such discriminations.

paragraphs: Ableism takes many forms around the world. Sometimes ableism is done in a way that is supposed to be hurtful. Other times people are ableist while they are trying to be nice. Both of these types of ableism are harmful.

paragraphs: Society is not built for disabled people. For example, there are lots of shops that are not accessible for people who use wheelchairs because the person who made the shop was able-bodied so they didn't consider that people in wheelchairs wouldn't be able to move around comfortably, or they thought of this but didn't care.

paragraphs: Disabled people are often victims of abuse. The people who abuse them are usually people without disabilities. They may be abused because their disability makes them vulnerable. Sometimes a person is abused just because they are disabled. This is called disability hate crime. A disability hate crime can take the form of murder. A lot of these murders are by care givers such as the mothers of disabled people. A hate crime does not have to be to a person directly. For example, a person might write an ableist slur on a disabled person's car to make them feel bad about being disabled. Many thousands of disability hate crimes are reported every year around the world. Disability hate crimes are often not reported. This means that the statistics make the problem seem smaller than it is.

paragraphs: A common way that disabled people are abused is 'disability bullying'. People think of bullying as something that just happens to children at school that is not serious. This is not true. Bullying happens to people of all ages. Bullying causes long-term psychological problems such as low self-esteem. Some people kill themselves because they have been bullied. Mencap, a charity that helps people with intellectual disability, asked over 500 disabled children and young people about bullying in a survey. 8 out of 10 children with a learning disability said that they are bullied and are scared to go out because they are scared they will be bullied.

paragraphs: More than 90% of developmentally disabled people are sexually abused in their lifetimes. 49% are sexually abused more than 10 times. The rate of sexual abuse in the general population is lower.

paragraphs: 81% of non-disabled people who are at the age that people work have a job. 48% of disabled people who are at the age that people work have a job. 50% of disabled people who don't have a job want to have a job, but can not find a job. Sometimes disabled people are not given jobs even if they are capable of doing the jobs because the people giving the jobs (employers) think that disabled people are not as good as non-disabled people.

paragraphs: The English language has been criticised for being ableist. For example, young people sometimes say that something is 'retarded' when they mean that it is bad. This can be offensive to disabled people.

paragraphs: In World War Two, many thousands of disabled people were murdered by Nazis. The Nazis did this because they believed in non-voluntary euthanasia and forced eugenics, which is a philosophy that advocates reproduction by humans with 'desirable' traits and discourages reproduction by humans with 'undesirable' traits. They thought that disability is bad and disabled people are a burden on society. Many people still believe those things. In 2013 a councillor in Cornwall called Colin Brewer said that disabled children 'should be put down' to save money. He was found guilty of misconduct but the council could not fire him.

paragraphs: Disabled people are sometimes forcibly sterilized. This is often illegal because reproduction is considered a human right.

paragraphs: According to "The Telegraph", people in the UK are trying to change a government law that makes it legal to have an abortion up to 40 weeks in a pregnancy if the fetus is disabled.

paragraphs: In 2011, a book called "Scapegoat: Why we are failing disabled people" was published. The book was written by Katharine Quarmby. It is about hate crimes towards disabled people in the United Kingdom.

paragraphs: Sports are often an area of society in which ableism is evident. In sports media, athletes with disabilities are often portrayed to be inferior. When athletes with disabilities are discussed in the media, there is often an emphasis on rehabilitation and the road to recovery, which is inherently a negative view on the disability. Oscar Pistorius is a South African runner who competed in the 2004, 2008, and 2012 Paralympics and the 2012 Olympic games. Pistorius was the first double amputee athlete to compete in the Olympic games. While media coverage focused on inspiration and competition during his time in the Paralympic games, it shifted to questioning whether his prosthetic legs gave him an advantage while competing in the Olympic games.


title: Soledad Mexia

paragraphs: Soledad Mexia (August 13, 1899 – August 30, 2013) was a Mexican-American supercentenarian who at the time of her death was the world's fifth-oldest living person and the oldest living resident of California. She is the oldest Mexican-born person ever.

paragraphs: Soledad Mexia was born in La Noria, Sinaloa, Mexico, on August 13, 1899. She had seven children, 24 grandchildren, 45 great-grandchildren and two great-great grandchildren, and lived most of her life in San Diego, California, United States.

paragraphs: On August 30, 2013, Mexia died from natural causes, seventeen days after her 114th birthday, at a hospice in Chula Vista, California.


title: Murray Gershenz

paragraphs: Murray Gershenz (May 12, 1922 – August 28, 2013) was an American entrepreneur and actor. Gershenz's acting career did not begin until he was 79 years old, when he starred in a 2001 episode of "Will & Grace". As an entrepreneur, he operated the "Music Man Murray" record store.

paragraphs: Gershenz was born in New York City, New York on May 12, 1922. On August 28, 2013, Gershenz died of a heart attack at the age of 91 in Los Angeles. He was survived by his 3 children.