title: 2019 Memorial Cup

paragraphs: The 2019 Memorial Cup (branded as the 2019 Memorial Cup presented by Kia for sponsorship reasons) was a four-team, round-robin format tournament held at the Scotiabank Centre in Halifax, Nova Scotia from May 17–26, 2019.

paragraphs: Indicates team advanced directly to the championship game

paragraphs: This is a combined table of the top goaltenders based on goals against average and save percentage with at least 60 minutes played. The table is sorted by GAA.

paragraphs: The CHL handed out the following awards at the conclusion of the 2019 Memorial Cup:


title: Shōjo manga

paragraphs: Shōjo (少女) is manga (Japanese comics) made for young girls, normally ages 7-19. One of the most popular shōjo manga series is "Sailor Moon". Many shōjo manga are about things like love, friendship, and romance, but some are more serious and action-based. Most shōjo characters are female, and around middle-school or high-school age.

paragraphs: Shōjo was first made in Japan for young female readers, like how shōnen is for young male readers. They started to appear in the early 1900s. Most shōjo made during this time focused on humor and life in the home. However, after World War II, manga artists began writing more fast-paced, intense stories. This brought upon the magical girl genre, which helped make manga as a whole popular around the world.

paragraphs: In the 90s and early 2000s, the western world began to see more manga and anime, including shōjo. With publishers like VIZ and Dark Horse Comics coming out with English versions of manga during this time, western readers had more access to Japanese comics than ever. Before then, many manga were Japan-exclusive.

paragraphs: Shōjo is usually put into age groups. These are the ages it is recommended for. The main groupings are:


title: Taft, Texas

paragraphs: Taft is a city in San Patricio County, Texas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 3,048.


title: New Athens, Illinois

paragraphs: New Athens is a village in St. Clair County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2010 census, the village had a population of 2,054.


title: Steamboat Springs, Colorado

paragraphs: Steamboat Springs is the county seat and the most populated city of Routt County, Colorado, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 12,088.


title: Destrehan, Louisiana

paragraphs: Destrehan is a census-designated place (CDP) in St. Charles Parish, Louisiana, United States. As of the 2010 census, Destrehan had a population of 11,535.


title: Kirksville, Missouri

paragraphs: Kirksville is a city in and the county seat of Adair County, Missouri, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 17,505.


title: Kenova, West Virginia

paragraphs: Kenova is a city in Wayne County, West Virginia, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 3,216.


title: Raiford, Florida

paragraphs: Raiford is a town in Union County, Florida, United States. As of the 2010 census, the town had a population of 255.


title: La Grange, North Carolina

paragraphs: La Grange is a town in Lenoir County, North Carolina, United States. As of the 2010 census, the town had a population of 2,873.


title: Perham, Minnesota

paragraphs: Perham is a city in Otter Tail County, Minnesota, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 2,985.


title: Darwin Hindman

paragraphs: Darwin Hindman (April 30, 1933 – June 17, 2019) was an American politician and lawyer. He was the longest-serving mayor of Columbia, Missouri, totalling 15 years. He became mayor in 1995 and finished his fifth elected term in 2010, after deciding not to run for re-election. In 2009, he received the Leadership for Healthy Communities Award along with mayors Michael Bloomberg (New York City) and Gavin Newsom (San Francisco).

paragraphs: Hindman was born in Columbus, Ohio. He was pilot in the United States Air Force. He died of lung disease on June 17, 2019 in Columbia, Missouri. He was 86.


title: Kingdom of Talossa

paragraphs: The Kingdom of Talossa or Regipäts Talossan [ˈred͡ʒipæt͡s tɐɫɔˈsan] is a small unrecognized nation led by John Woolley as King John. The Kingdom referred to itself as a Micronation for many years, however now referred to as a country.

paragraphs: The name "Talossa" comes from the Finnish word "talossa", meaning "inside the house" (that is, the root "talo" meaning house or building, in the inessive case). It was selected by the country's founder, Robert Ben Madison, because it described the kingdom's territorial claim (then limited to his bedroom).


title: Greenwich, Kansas

paragraphs: Greenwich is an unincorporated community in Sedgwick County, Kansas.

paragraphs: Greenwich started because a railroad went through there.

paragraphs: The first post office in Greenwich was built in September 1874.

paragraphs: Greenwich has hot and humid summers. They also have somewhat cold winters. The Köppen climate classification says that Greenwich has a humid subtropical climate.


title: Clonmel, Kansas

paragraphs: Clonmel is an unincorporated community in Illinois Township, Sedgwick County, Kansas United States.

paragraphs: Clonmel was a train station on the Kansas City, Mexico and Orient Railway.

paragraphs: The first post office in Clonmel opened in 1905. It closed in 1938. It was named after Clonmel in Ireland.


title: Schulte, Kansas

paragraphs: Schulte is an unincorporated community in Sedgwick County, Kansas, United States.

paragraphs: Schulte started because the Orient railway went through there.

paragraphs: Schulte had a post office. It opened in 1906. It closed in 1934.


title: Sedgwick County, Kansas

paragraphs: Sedgwick County (county code: SG) is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2010, 498,365 lived there. This means that Sedgwick County has the 2nd most amount of people in Kansas. The county seat is Wichita, the biggest city in Kansas.

paragraphs: Sedgwick County is part of the Wichita, KS Metropolitan Statistical Area.

paragraphs: Sedgwick County is somewhat conservative for an urban county. It chose the Democratic candidate in a presidential election only once since 1944. Wichita has more Democrats, but the areas around it are Republican.


title: Mashina Vremeni

paragraphs: Mashina Vremeni (, literally "Time Machine", and known as Time Machine in English music sources) is a Russian rock band founded in 1969.

paragraphs: Mashina Vremeni is one of the oldest still active rock bands in Russia. The band's music has elements of classic rock, blues, and Russian folk music. Mashina Vremeni's best known members are Andrei Makarevich - the founder, principal singer-songwriter and the band's public persona, Alexander Kutikov - the bass player and producer/sound engineer, and guitarist/songwriter Evgeny Margulis.


title: Frank LaMere

paragraphs: Frank LaMere (March 1, 1950 – June 16, 2019) was a Winnebago activist. He was born in South Sioux City, Nebraska.

paragraphs: He was the son of a Gold Star Mother and a combat veteran father. He was a member of the American Indian Movement (AIM) in the 1970s and was known for his work against liquor sales in Whiteclay, Nebraska.

paragraphs: LaMere was a leader in the Democratic Party, and was chairman of the National Native American Caucus. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention seven consecutive times from 1988 to 2012.

paragraphs: On June 16, 2019, LaMere died of bile duct cancer in Omaha, Nebraska, aged 69.


title: South Sioux City, Nebraska

paragraphs: South Sioux City is a city in Dakota County, Nebraska, United States. It is located across the Missouri River from Sioux City, Iowa. It is part of the Sioux City, IA-NE-SD Metropolitan Statistical Area.

paragraphs: As of the 2010 census, the city population was 13,353.


title: Bishop Bullwinkle

paragraphs: Bernard Thomas (August 22, 1948 – June 16, 2019), better known as Bishop Bullwinkle, was an American singer and comedian. He was best known for appearing in the viral YouTube video "Hell 2 Da Naw Naw". By July 22, 2015, the video went viral and got over 200,000 views with over 4,000 likes. As of January 17, 2019, a video of the song attracted over 32 million views and 236,000 likes. He was born in Tampa, Florida. His name was inspired by the cartoon character Bullwinkle the Moose.

paragraphs: Bullwinkle died in Plant City, Florida from a heart attack on June 16, 2019 at the age of 70.


title: Lindsey Way

paragraphs: Lindsey Ann Way (née Ballato; born May 21, 1976) commonly known as Lyn-Z, is a Scottish musician and artist. She is best known for being the bassist in American electronic rock band .

paragraphs: Way is also known for her artwork and has collaborated with Frances Bean Cobain, Jessicka Addams, and other fine artists. She currently resides in Los Angeles with her husband, Gerard Way and her daughter, Bandit Lee Way.


title: Haggis

paragraphs: Haggis is a Scottish food made of cow or sheep organs like heart or liver.


title: Salvatore Senese

paragraphs: Salvatore Senese (3 April 1935 – 17 June 2019) was an Italian magistrate and politician. He was a member of the Democratic Party of the Left. From 1992 to 1994, he served as a member of the Chamber of Deputies. He served two terms as a Senator from 1994 to 2001. He was born in Tarsia, Calabria.

paragraphs: Senese died on 17 June 2019 in Prato, Tuscany at the age of 84.


title: Chang Liyi

paragraphs: Chang Liyi (; 7 November 1929 – 12 June 2019), also known as Jack Chang, was a pilot in the Republic of China Air Force with the rank of major. He was a member of the CIA-trained Black Cat Squadron. His plane was shot down on 10 January 1965 over Baotou. He was captured and held in mainland China for 17 years.

paragraphs: After his release in 1982, he was denied entry into Taiwan and lived in the United States for years before being granted permission to return to Taiwan in 1990.

paragraphs: On 12 June 2019, Chang died of a heart attack at Songshan Hospital in Taipei, at the age of 89.


title: Daniel Colin

paragraphs: Daniel Colin (30 September 1933 – 15 June 2019) was a French politician. He was born in Paris. He served as a Deputy for Var from 1986 to 1997. He also was deputy mayor of Toulon from 1977 to 1986, a member of the Council of Europe from 1979 to 1994, and as a regional councillor of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur of 1981 to 1998.

paragraphs: Colin died on 15 June 2019, at the age of 85.


title: Charles A. Reich

paragraphs: Charles A. Reich (May 20, 1928 – June 15, 2019) was an American legal and social scholar. He was a Professor at Yale Law School when he wrote the 1970 paean to the 1960s counterculture and youth movement, "The Greening of America". Reich was born in New York City.

paragraphs: Reich died on June 15, 2019 in San Francisco, California at the age of 91.


title: June 2019 Gulf of Oman incident

paragraphs: On June 13, 2019, two oil tankers were attacked near the Strait of Hormuz while transiting the Gulf of Oman. The Japanese "Kokuka Courageous" and Norwegian "Front Altair" were attacked with limpet mines or flying objects, causing fire damage to both ships.

paragraphs: American and Iranian military personnel responded to the attacks and were involved in rescuing crew members from the ships. The attacks took place a month after the similar May 2019 Gulf of Oman incident and on the same day that Ayatollah Khamenei met with Japanese Prime Minister Shinzō Abe in Iran.

paragraphs: Amid tensions between Iran and the United States, the United States blamed Iran for the attacks. Saudi Arabia and the United Kingdom supported the United States' accusation, while Japan and Germany want more proof of Iran's culpability. Iran denied the accusation, blaming the United States for spreading wrong information. The cause is currently under investigation.


title: A. B. Yehoshua

paragraphs: Abraham B. Yehoshua (, born December 19, 1936) is an Israeli novelist, essayist, and playwright. "The New York Times" called him the "Israeli Faulkner". Yehoshua is the author of eleven novels, three books of short stories, four plays, and four collections of essays, including "Ahizat Moledet" ("Homeland Lesson", 2008).


title: Makibishi

paragraphs: Makibishi are a small flat spiked objects that were used in feudal Japan. The samurai used them to slow down or stop their enemies.


title: Dover, Nova Scotia

paragraphs: Dover is an unincorporated community within Guysborough County in Nova Scotia, Canada. It is southwest of Canso and approximately northeast of Halifax.


title: Amos Adams Lawrence

paragraphs: Amos Adams Lawrence (July 31, 1814August 22, 1886), the son of philanthropist Amos Lawrence, was an important person in the United States abolition movement shortly before the Civil War. He was important in building the University of Kansas in Lawrence, Kansas and Lawrence University in Appleton, Wisconsin.

paragraphs: Lawrence was born in Groton, Massachusetts or Boston on July 31, 1814.

paragraphs: He died at his summer resort in Nahant, Massachusetts.

paragraphs: Lawrence gave a lot of money to the New England Emigrant Aid Company because he did not want slavery. He gave guns to Jayhawkers to help them fight in the Civil War.

paragraphs: Lawrence's parents were Unitarians, but he became Anglican and was confirmed as a member of St. Paul's Episcopal Church in Boston in 1842. He met and married Sarah Elizabeth Appleton (1822–1891) at the church. Sarah was a daughter of U.S. Representative William Appleton and Mary Ann (née Cutler) Appleton, and she was a relative of Samuel Appleton, a trustee of Massachusetts General Hospital and president of the Young Men's Benevolent Society. Together, Amos and Sarah were the parents of:


title: Area code 620

paragraphs: Area Code 620 is an area code for most of southern Kansas. The area code goes from the Colorado border to the east, to the Missouri border. 316 is inside it, and it's only for Wichita.


title: Stephen Blaire

paragraphs: Stephen Edward Blaire (December 22, 1941 – June 18, 2019) was an American bishop of the Roman Catholic Church. He was born in Los Angeles, California. Blaire became a priest in 1967. In February 1990, he was named Auxiliary Bishop of Los Angeles and titular bishop of Lamzella by Pope John Paul II. He served as the fifth Bishop of Stockton, California from March 16, 1999 until his retirement on January 23, 2018.

paragraphs: Blaire died on June 18, 2019 in Modesto, California. He was 77.


title: Area code 808

paragraphs: Area code 808 is an area code for the Hawaiian Islands. 808 was Hawaii's area code since 1957, just slightly before it became a state in August 1959.


title: Area code 802

paragraphs: Area code 802 is an area code for the state of Vermont. It was one of the original area codes in October 1947.

paragraphs: People in Vermont are proud of the number 802.


title: Music and Lyrics

paragraphs: Music and Lyrics is a 2007 American romantic comedy movie written and directed by Marc Lawrence. It focuses on the relationship that evolves between a former pop music idol (of the fictional band PoP!, which is inspired by Wham! and Duran Duran) and an aspiring writer as they struggle to compose a song for a reigning pop diva.


title: Area code 307

paragraphs: Area code 307 is an area code for the U.S. State of Wyoming. It is the only area code for Wyoming. It was one of the first area codes because it was made in 1947.


title: Friederike de Haas

paragraphs: Friederike Else Käte de Haas (16 August 1944 – 17 June 2019) was a German politician. She was a member of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). In 1990, she was elected as a member of the Landtag of the Free State of Saxony, serving until 2009. She also chaired the German War Graves Commission. In 2012, de Haas was awarded the Order of Merit of the Free State of Saxony.

paragraphs: De Haas was born in Bielatal. She husband was a gynaecologist, and the couple had four children. She died on 17 June 2019, at the age of 74.


title: Area code 701

paragraphs: Area code 701 is an area code for the U.S. State of North Dakota. It is the only area code in North Dakota. It was one of the first area codes because it was created in 1947.

paragraphs: The area code will have no more space by 2035.


title: Area code 401

paragraphs: Area code 401 is an area code for the U.S. State of Rhode Island. It is the only area code for Rhode Island. It was one of the first area codes because it was created in 1947.


title: Hideki Matsui

paragraphs: Hideki Matsui ( born June 12, 1974), is a Japanese former professional baseball outfielder and designated hitter who played baseball in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) and Major League Baseball (MLB). He batted left-handed and threw right-handed.

paragraphs: After playing the first ten seasons of his career for the Yomiuri Giants of NPB, he played the next seven seasons, from 2003–2009, for the New York Yankees of MLB. As a free agent, Matsui then had one-year stints with the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, the Oakland Athletics, and the Tampa Bay Rays.


title: Shohei Ohtani

paragraphs: Shohei Ohtani (born July 5, 1994) is a Japanese professional baseball pitcher and designated hitter for the Los Angeles Angels of Major League Baseball (MLB). He previously played for the Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters of Nippon Professional Baseball's (NPB) Pacific League.

paragraphs: Ohtani was the first pick of the Fighters in the 2012 draft. He played in NPB for the Fighters from 2013 through 2017 as a pitcher and an outfielder. Ohtani recorded the fastest pitch by a Japanese pitcher and in NPB history at 165 kilometres per hour (102.5 mph). The Fighters posted Ohtani to MLB after the 2017 season, and he signed with the Angels. He won the 2018 American League Rookie of the Year Award. He Hit for the cycle on June 13, 2019.


title: Ebert Van Buren

paragraphs: Harry Ebert Van Buren (December 6, 1924 – June 14, 2019) was an American football player. He played as a fullback and halfback. He played for the Philadelphia Eagles in the National Football League (NFL) between 1951 and 1953. His brother, Steve Van Buren, was his teammate during the 1951 season. Van Buren went to Louisiana State University and was added to the LSU Athletic Hall of Fame in 2015.

paragraphs: Van Buren was born in the coastal town of Tela, Honduras. He died on June 14, 2019 in Monroe, Louisiana. He was 94.


title: Jiao Ruoyu

paragraphs: Jiao Ruoyu (; born 7 November 1915) is a retired Chinese politician and diplomat. He served as deputy mayor of Shenyang under Huang Oudong. He was Chinese Ambassador to North Korea (1965–1970), Peru (1972–1977) and Iran (1977–1979). Jiao was also mayor of Beijing from 1981 to 1983.

paragraphs: Jiao was born in Ye County, Henan. He turned 100 in November 2015.


title: Mary Ward (actress)

paragraphs: Mary Ward Breheny (born 6 March 1915) is an Australian former actress and radio announcer. She was trained in acting in Australia and Britain, and appeared in many British stage and movie productions before moving back to Australia. She was one of the first female radio announcers for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC). She is probably best known for her role as Jeanette "Mum" Brooks in the cult series "Prisoner". She also appeared TV series such as "Sons and Daughters", "Neighbours" and "Blue Heelers". Ward retired in 2000.

paragraphs: Ward was born in Fremantle, Western Australia. She turned 100 in 2015.


title: Water supply system

paragraphs: A water supply system or 'water supply network' is an engineering system which provides a supply of water.

paragraphs: A water supply system typically includes:

paragraphs: The second part of the system is dealing with the sewage and waste water which is eventually put back or comes back into the system. If this' waste water' is not purified, cholera and typhoid epidemics will occur, and still do occur, in cities where the water engineering has not kept pace with population increase.

paragraphs: This type of system was a consequence of the work of John Snow on the mid-19th century cholera plagues in London. Despite all efforts, epidemics do still occur if there are leaks in the underground sewage system and leaks in the underground water pipes.


title: Hermann Baumann (wrestler)

paragraphs: Hermann Baumann (born 23 January 1921) is a retired Swiss freestyle wrestler. He competed at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London where he won the bronze medal in the freestyle lightweight class.


title: Carl-Göran Ekerwald

paragraphs: Carl-Göran Ekerwald (born 30 December 1923) is a Swedish author, literary critic, forest worker and teacher. He has written novels, short stories, essays and memoirs. His most noted works include the short story collection "Kumminåkern" (1962), "Skogvaktarens pojke" (2002) and "Horatius: Liv och tänkesätt" (2006). He was awarded the Dobloug Prize in 1987.

paragraphs: Ekerwald was born in Östersund. He was married to Anna Westerberg from 1945 until her death in 2009. He lived with author Sigrid Kahle from 2010 until her death in 2013.


title: Milena Djukic

paragraphs: Milena Djukić (born 1 July 1960 in Gracanica, SFR Yugoslavia), played until 1991 in Yugoslavia basketball. Djukić started her career at Jedinstvo Aida in Tuzla. In the 1980s, the club won as Jedinstvo Aida three championships in the Yugoslav basketball league for women. During her career she won three national championships and a national cup.

paragraphs: Djukić married Lučić. She lives in Germany today. She is a specialist in occupational medicine and sports medicine. In May 2015, she received her doctorate from Eberhard Karls University Tübingen (Germany).


title: Jon Ola Norbom

paragraphs: Jon Ola Hauger Norbom (15 December 1923 – 12 April 2020) was a Norwegian economist and politician. He was a member of the Liberal Party. He served in the cabinets of Prime Ministers Per Borten and Lars Korvald. From 1950 to 1952, he was the leader of the Young Liberals of Norway, the youth wing of the Liberal Party. He was State Secretary in the Ministry of Finance from 1967 to 1969, and was Minister of the Finance from 1972 to 1973. He never held elected political office.

paragraphs: Norbom was born in Bærum. In 1942, during World War II, Norbom was a prisoner at Grini concentration camp for a short time. He was later imprisoned at Buchenwald concentration camp.

paragraphs: Norbom died in Suwanee, Georgia, United States on 12 April 2020. He was 96.


title: Tom Hughes (Australian politician)

paragraphs: Thomas Eyre Forrest Hughes (born 26 November 1923) is an Australian politician and lawyer. He is a member of the Liberal Party. He served as the 19th Attorney-General of Australia from 1969 to 1971. He was also a member of Australian House of Representatives from 1963 to 1972, first holding the seat of Parkes. Later, when the Division of Parkes was abolished in 1969, he held the seat of Berowra. He served in the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) during World War II. He was awarded the French Legion of Honour ("Légion d'honneur") in 2005 for his efforts during the Invasion of Normandy.

paragraphs: Hughes was born in Sydney, New South Wales. His brother was critic and writer Robert Hughes. Hughes has three children. His daughter, Lucy, was Lord Mayor of Sydney and is married to former Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull.


title: Andry Rajoelina

paragraphs: Andry Nirina Rajoelina (Malagasy: ; born 30 May 1974) is a Malagasy politician and businessman. He is the 6th and current President of Madagascar since January 2019.

paragraphs: He was the Mayor of Antananarivo from December 2007 to February 2009, and President of the High Transitional Authority of Madagascar from 21 March 2009 to 25 January 2014.


title: Désiré Rakotoarijaona

paragraphs: Désiré Rakotoarijaona (born 19 June 1934) is a Malagasy politician. He was the Prime Minister of Madagascar from 1 August 1977 to 12 February 1988 under President Didier Ratsiraka. Rakotoarijaona was replaced by Victor Ramahatra.

paragraphs: Rakotoarijaona also ran in the November 1996 presidential election but finished in last place out of 15 candidates with 0.37% of the vote.


title: Peng Xiaolian

paragraphs: Peng Xiaolian (; 26 June 1953 – 19 June 2019) was a Chinese movie director, scriptwriter and author. She graduated from the Beijing Film Academy in 1982. She was considered a member of the Fifth Generation. She moved to the U.S. to live in New York in 1989, and before moving back to China in 1996. Many of her movies focused on the city of Shanghai. She directed the movies "Women's Story" (1989), "A Dog to Kill" (1997), "Once Upon a Time in Shanghai" (1998), "Keke's Magic Umbrella" (2000), "Shanghai Women" (2002), "Shanghai Story" (2004), "Shanghai Rumba" (2006) and "Shanghai Kids" (2008). "Shanghai Story" won four Golden Rooster Awards, including the Best Picture and Best Director awards.

paragraphs: Peng was born in Hunan. She died on 19 June 2019 in Shanghai, at the age of 66.


title: Marko Feingold

paragraphs: Marko M. Feingold (28 May 1913 – 19 September 2019) was an Austrian Holocaust survivor and centenarian. He was the president of the Jewish community in Salzburg. He was also in charge of Salzburg's synagogue. At years of age, he was the oldest living Austrian Holocaust survivor. He was imprisoned at the concentration camps Auschwitz, Neuengamme, Dachau and Buchenwald during the Holocaust.

paragraphs: Feingold was born in Besztercebánya/Neusohl, Austria-Hungary (now Banská Bystrica, Slovakia). He grew up in Leopoldstadt, Vienna.


title: Dale, Texas

paragraphs: Dale is an unincorporated community in Caldwell County, Texas, United States. As of 2000, the community had a population of 500.


title: Jimmy Weldon

paragraphs: Jimmy Weldon (born Ivy Laverne Shinn; December 23, 1923) is an American voice actor, television host and ventriloquist. He was born in Dale, Texas. He is best known as the voice of the Hanna-Barbera cartoon character Yakky Doodle in "The Yogi Bear Show" and related series. He was the host and ventriloquist in the locally produced television series "The Webster Webfoot Show". He has also appeared in "The Waltons", "Dallas", "Diff'rent Strokes" and "Tom and Jerry Kids".


title: 2019 Pacific typhoon season

paragraphs: The 2019 Pacific typhoon season is an event that began on December 31, 2018 and is currently ongoing. It's based on typhoons coming to the coasts of countries around the Pacific Ocean. The storms that have formed during the period are listed below.

paragraphs: January was very active, as it opened with Tropical Storm Pabuk (2019), the earliest-forming tropical storm in the Western Pacific, beating Typhoon Alice (1979), it was also the first system in the 2019 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, as Pabuk crossed the boundary as a tropical storm, right after its Malaysian landfall, before it disappeared due to wind shear. Tropical Depression 01W formed near the Marshall Islands, where a day later, it dissipated, but after crossing into the Philippine Sea, the depression regenerated into Tropical Depression Amang, and made landfall in the Samar region, where it soon dissipated, but floods from tropical depression Amang resulted in a million-peso damage and 10 deaths in Mindanao.

paragraphs: February was also active, with Tropical Depression 02W, which became Tropical Storm Wutip on February 19, and developed gradually in the Western Pacific, and became the season's first typhoon, and after an eyewall replacement cycle, it became the season's first Category 5 super typhoon, beating Typhoon Higos. After this, Wutip was attack by massive wind shear amounts, but managed to enter the Philippine Area of Responsibility as Tropical Depression Betty before dissipating in the Philippine Sea, and many are debating on whether Wutip's immense power was normal as March was coming, or it was caused by the deadly climate change, which already took a toll on the world, humans and animals alike. Wutip spared landmasses, but the Micronesia Islands suffered minimal damages after Wutip passed there as a Category 3 typhoon.

paragraphs: March was an inactive season, with only one tropical depression forming, Chedeng, which made landfall in Mindanao, before dissipating in the Sulu Sea, where wind shear was destructively high.

paragraphs: No storms in April formed, but May had 4 tropical depressions were monitored by the Japan Meteorological Agency, but were short lived and never intensified.

paragraphs: June was inactive, starting off with a tropical depression on June 24, where it was named Tropical Depression Dodong by PAGASA, and intensified to become Tropical Storm Sepat after absorbing a nearby tropical depression in the South China Sea, but this storm was never recognized by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Sepat headed off to Japan, becoming an extratropical cyclone after. Tropical Depression 04W formed on June 27, where it was named Egay by PAGASA. Egay intensified into a tropical storm (only a tropical depression for the JMA and PAGASA) before weakening to a remnant low east of Taiwan.

paragraphs: July was also fairly inactive, in which no typhoons formed. After Tropical Storm Egay dissipated, a new tropical depression in the South China Sea absorbed its remnants and became Tropical Storm Mun. Mun then made landfall in Hainan, where it caused minimal damages. In mid-July, Tropical Depression Falcon formed, becoming Tropical Storm Danas, which was confusing for many agencies, since it was battered by wind shear, and PAGASA announced that Danas (Falcon) looped over the landmass, while JMA and JTWC just announced the system was just stationary east of Cagayan. The blown off cloudiness split into 2 separate systems, but Danas re-absorbed the other one, while the one in the South China Sea intensified into Tropical Depression Goring, where it affected Taiwan and Batanes. Tropical Depression Goring's remnants was absorbed by a new system, where it became Tropical Storm Nari and headed for Japan.

paragraphs: Tropical Storm Wipha formed in the South China Sea, but only caused minimal damages in China.

paragraphs: The season finally pushed the kickstart in August, with a slowly-intensifying system, became Tropical Storm Francisco on August 1. The system gradually developed over a couple of days, until it became a typhoon, meanwhile Tropical Depression Hanna became Tropical Storm Lekima as Francisco made landfall in Kyushu and dissipated, and Lekima became the seasons'third typhoon, and rapidly intensified along with its slow movement over the Philippine Sea, and became the season's second super typhoon. Tropical Storm Krosa and a new tropical depression (would be later absorbed by Lekima) formed alongside Typhoon Lekima (2019), while it made landfall in China as the second costliest Chinese storm in history, while Krosa became an erratic storm as it made its way through Japan.

paragraphs: By mid-August, Tropical Depression Ineng became Tropical Storm Bailu, and continued to intensify into a severe tropical storm, enhancing the southwest monsoon, which caused a State of Calamity over Ilocos Norte and Php.1 billion damages there, and Bailu made landfall in Taiwan and China, causing more damages.

paragraphs: Tropical Depression Jenny became Tropical Storm Podul in late-August, and made most of its damages in Vietnam.

paragraphs: 3 tropical depressions formed on the first day of September, the first was Tropical Depression Kabayan, which became Tropical Storm Kajiki, which was erratic, causing damages and flooding in Vietnam and the Philippines. The second was Tropical Depression Liwayway, which became Tropical Storm and later Typhoon Lingling, which was the strongest storm to make landfall in North Korea. The third was Typhoon Faxai, which was the strongest storm to strike Tokyo in 60 years.

paragraphs: In mid-September, Tropical Depression Marilyn interacted with a nearby tropical depression and tropical storm Peipah, which sended it back into the Philippine Sea, but was renamed Nimfa, and Nimfa intensified into Tropical Storm Tapah, and later became a typhoon before Japan landfall. Behind Tapah was Typhoon Mitag, which became a Category 2 and struck the same areas as Tapah.

paragraphs: Tropical Depression 20W formed on October 5, 2019 in the outer Western Pacific, and later intensified into Tropical Storm Hagibis. Hagibis later became a typhoon, as it rapidly intensified towards the Mariana Islands and Guam. On 7 October, while continuing to move west, Hagibis explosively intensified and became a super typhoon in the space of only a few hours, developing a pinhole eye. As it approached the uninhabited areas of the Mariana Islands, strong convective activity as a result of extremely favourable conditions saw Hagibis became a very powerful Category 5-equivalent super typhoon with one-minute sustained wind speeds of 260 km/h (160 mph). The National Weather Service also began issuing advisories for its areas of responsibility, with a typhoon warning issued for Garapan and Tinian, and tropical storm advisories issued for Sinapalo and Hagåtña. Hagibis passed over the Mariana Islands at 15:30 UTC on 7 October at peak intensity, with 10-minute sustained winds of 195 km/h (120 mph) and a central pressure of 915 hPa (27.02 inHg). After passing the Mariana Islands Hagibis underwent an eyewall replacement cycle, thus weakening the typhoon. On October 12, Hagibis made landfall on Japan with sustained wind speeds of 150 km/h. Many competitions had to be cancelled due to the storm, including a Formula 1 qualifying match. Flooding in Japan was serious, and the storm costed 15 billion US dollars.

paragraphs: Three other tropical cyclones formed in October: one called Neoguri which struck the southern parts of Japan; another one called Bualoi mostly was on ocean and did not make landfall, and Matmo, which made landfall on Vietnam and brought heavy rainfall to southeast Asia. The remnants of it developed into an Indian Ocean cyclone known as Bulbul.

paragraphs: In the month of November, six named storms were recorded, including the most intense tropical cyclone of the season, Halong, formed on November 1 and became to intensify as a Category 5 super typhoon four days later with 10-minutes sustained winds of 215 km/h (130 mph) and with a minimum pressure of 905 millibars. In late-November, another storm formed that was named Kammuri on November 24. Kammuri became intensified as a Category 4 typhoon on the Saffir-Simpson Wind Scale, Kammuri made landfall in Philippines on November 30 confirming twelve people who died from the storm, with $116 million in damage.

paragraphs: The month of December had a quiet activity, after Kammuri's landing in Philippines, the arrival of the last named storm of the season, Phanfone, formed on December 19. Phanfone made landfall in the Philippines on December 25 during Christmas Eve as a Category 2 typhoon, the first time since Nock-Ten in 2016. Phanfone dissipated on December 29 after making landfall in Philippines, leaving a total of 50 deaths and with $61.7 million in damages.

paragraphs: Altogether, the season was an above-average season with 29 named storms, and the costliest season on record.

paragraphs: Within the Northwest Pacific Ocean, both the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) and the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) assign names to tropical cyclones that develop in the Western Pacific, which can result in a tropical cyclone having two names. The Japan Meteorological Agency's RSMC Tokyo — Typhoon Center assigns international names to tropical cyclones on behalf of the World Meteorological Organization's Typhoon Committee, should they be judged to have 10-minute sustained windspeeds of . PAGASA names to tropical cyclones which move into or form as a tropical depression in their area of responsibility located between 135°E and 115°E and between 5°N and 25°N even if the cyclone has had an international name assigned to it. The names of significant tropical cyclones are retired, by both PAGASA and the Typhoon Committee. Should the list of names for the Philippine region be exhausted then names will be taken from an auxiliary list of which the first ten are published each season. Unused names are marked in .

paragraphs: A tropical cyclone is named when it is judged to have 10-minute sustained wind speeds of . The JMA selected the names from a list of 140 names, that had been developed by the 14 members nations and territories of the ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee. Retired names, if any, will be announced by the WMO in 2020, though replacement names will be announced in 2021. The next 28 names on the naming list are listed here along with their international numeric designation, if they are used. During the season, the name Mun was used for the first time, after it replaced the name Fitow, which was retired after the 2013 season.

paragraphs: This season, PAGASA will use its own naming scheme for tropical cyclones that either develop within or move into their self-defined area of responsibility. The names were taken from a list of names last used during 2015 and are scheduled to be used again during 2023. All of the names are the same except Liwayway and Nimfa, replacing the names Lando and Nona after these were retired.

paragraphs: This table summarizes all the systems that developed within or moved into the North Pacific Ocean, to the west of the International Date Line during 2019. The tables also provide a brief summary of a systems intensity, duration, land areas affected and any deaths or damages associated with the system.


title: Grover, Kansas

paragraphs: Grover is an unincorporated community in Douglas County, Kansas. It is 4 miles west of Lecompton and 6 miles east of Tecumseh.

paragraphs: Grover created a post office in 1886. It closed in 1895. It opened again in 1897, but it closed in 1899.


title: Clearfield, Kansas

paragraphs: Clearfield is an unincorporated community in Douglas County, Kansas. It is nine miles northeast of Baldwin City.

paragraphs: Clearfield created a post office in 1885. It closed in 1900.


title: Kanwaka, Kansas

paragraphs: Kanwaka is an unincorporated community in Douglas County, Kansas. It is 4 miles west of Lawrence. The name is a portmanteau of the Kansas and Wakarusa Rivers.

paragraphs: Kanwaka is at the intersection of U.S. Highway 40 and Stull Road. The name Kanwaka actually refers to an area, not a town.

paragraphs: Kanwaka was first settled in 1854. Kanwaka had a post office from 1857 to 1870 and again from 1898 until 1900.


title: Weaver, Kansas

paragraphs: Weaver is an unincorporated community in Douglas County, in the U.S. state of Kansas.

paragraphs: A post office called Weaver was created in 1891. It stayed until 1903 The area had a lot of floods in the past.


title: Lake View, Kansas

paragraphs: Lake View is an unincorporated community in Douglas County, Kansas. It is 1 mile north of Lawrence.

paragraphs: Lake View was created in 1892 as a lake side resort. It was in use until the 1930s. The Lake View club still keeps the oxbow lake.

paragraphs: A post office opened in Lake View (but spelled Lakeview) in 1898. It stayed until 1914.

paragraphs: Lake View was a station on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway.


title: Hesper, Kansas

paragraphs: Hesper is an unincorporated community in Douglas County, Kansas. It is two and a half miles southeast of Eudora.

paragraphs: Hesper was created in 1858 by Quakers. They wanted to help the free-state cause. In 1884, the Hesper Academy opened, but it closed in 1912.

paragraphs: A post office was opened in Hesper in 1868. It closed in 1900.

paragraphs: Friends University in Wichita was created by James Davis. He was from Hesper. The college football player and coach John H. Outland was also from Hesper. The Outland Trophy was named after him.


title: Midland, Kansas

paragraphs: Midland is an unincorporated community in Douglas County, Kansas, United States. It is two miles north of Lawrence.

paragraphs: Midland has hot, humid summers and cool winters. The Köppen Climate Classification system says that Midland has a humid subtropical climate.


title: Sibleyville, Kansas

paragraphs: Sibleyville is an unincorporated community in Douglas County, Kansas. It is five miles southeast of Lawrence. It was at the intersection of County Road 458 and the Leavenworth, Lawrence and Fort Gibson railroad tracks. The town never had more than a dozen houses. By the 1960s, there wasn't much left of Sibleyville.


title: Lapeer, Kansas

paragraphs: Lapeer is a ghost town in Douglas County, in the U.S. state of Kansas.

paragraphs: Lapeer was created in 1855 on the Santa Fe Trail route. The community was named after Lapeer, Michigan. The Lapeer post office closed in 1902.


title: Belvoir, Kansas

paragraphs: Belvoir is a ghost town in Douglas County, Kansas, United States.

paragraphs: The first settlement at Belvoir was made in the 1850s. A post office was created at Belvoir in 1869. It stayed until 1903. The community was named after Belvoir, the plantation home of William Fairfax in Virginia.


title: Media, Kansas

paragraphs: Media is a ghost town in Douglas County, in the U.S. state of Kansas.

paragraphs: The first settlement at Media was made in 1878. Media was located on the Kansas City, Lawrence & Southern Kansas Railroad. A post office was created in Media in 1878. It stayed until 1903. Media merged into present-day Baldwin City.


title: Historical society

paragraphs: A historical society (sometimes also preservation society) is group that collects, keeps, and understands historical information or historical things. These groups were created to help people in the future understand their heritage.

paragraphs: Historical societies can do many different things. Some do genealogy, some try to protect historical buildings, some focus on certain towns, countries, people, railroads, or religious groups.


title: Kansas Historical Society

paragraphs: The Kansas Historical Society is the official state historical society of Kansas.

paragraphs: The Kansas Editors' and Publishers' Association created the Kansas Historical Society in 1875. They wanted to save old and new documents. In 1879, the Kansas Legislature said that the Kansas Historical Society was the official group for saving Kansas's history.

paragraphs: Their budget is about six million dollars, and they have about 100 employees.

paragraphs: The Kansas Historical Society's first website was created in 1993 by two KU students. It was on the University of Kansas's website. It was the first state or city historical society website ever. The Kansas Historical Society created its own website in 1998. It has about 4,000 pages of information, and it has received many awards.

paragraphs: The Kansas Historical Society has received many awards from other groups related to history:


title: St. Mary's Food Bank

paragraphs: St. Mary's Food Bank Alliance is a nonprofit, nonsectarian organization in Phoenix, Arizona. Founded in 1967 by John van Hengel, St. Mary's was the first modern organization to operate using the food bank model, which spread throughout the U.S and the rest of the world. Today, St. Mary's is recognized as the world's first food bank.

paragraphs: Since its creation, St. Mary's has expanded its operations to 9 of Arizona's 15 counties, distributing millions of pounds of food to the hungry each year. St. Mary's also operates its own food pantry, allowing people to get food directly from the warehouse. The organization additionally offers specialized programs apart from food banking, including after-school programs for children and career training for adults.

paragraphs: St. Mary's is a member of Feeding America, a network of hunger-relief organizations also founded by van Hengel with the purpose of providing food to people across the country.

paragraphs: Prior to founding St. Mary's Food Bank, John van Hengel lived in Phoenix and volunteered at St. Vincent de Paul Soup Kitchen. Van Hengel spent much of his time collecting food to supply the soup kitchen and donating the surplus to the homeless throughout the city. Eventually, he was introduced to a struggling mother of 10 who used the food thrown out by grocery stores to feed her children. She expressed her desire for a place where unwanted food could be collected and given to the hungry, much like a bank collects and distributes money. After searching through dumpsters and noting that much of the discarded food was still edible, van Hengel decided to establish a "food bank" where unwanted food would be gathered in large quantities. St. Mary's Basilica of Phoenix loaned van Hengel $3,000 and provided him with an abandoned bakery to operate out of. With that, St. Mary's Food Bank was founded in 1967 and named after the basilica in honor of their contribution.

paragraphs: St. Mary's began operating by developing partnerships with grocery stores, food producers, and social welfare organizations throughout Phoenix. By acting as a clearinghouse for these partner organizations, St. Mary's distributed over 250,000 pounds of food in its first year. That number increased to "about a million pounds of food" by the end of 1968, according to van Hengel. With limited financial resources, St. Mary's relied heavily on volunteers to operate, and focused on obtaining food rather than monetary donations. Guided by the motto "the poor we shall always have with us, but why the hungry?," St. Mary's continued to attract more volunteers and partner agencies to its mission, allowing the food bank to expand its reach through Phoenix and other parts of Arizona.

paragraphs: By 1975, the concept of food banking had gained popularity in other parts of the United States. Van Hengel was offered a federal grant to help spread the food banking concept across the country and left St. Mary's to form the organization known today as Feeding America. He returned to St. Mary's in 1982, while also working as a consultant for new food bank operations as the concept spread worldwide.

paragraphs: St. Mary's continued operating in Arizona using the same model that was being adopted by organizations across the world. Today, St. Mary's is able to collect and distribute meals to more than 600 agencies statewide. The organization estimates that it will provide over 90 million meals to Arizonans in 2019, with the goal of providing 100 million meals to those in need by 2021.

paragraphs: St. Mary's has over 600 partner agencies in 9 different Arizona counties, including homeless shelters, food pantries, and dining halls. St. Mary's still operates using the traditional "warehouse" model of food banking, supplying their partner agencies with donated food.

paragraphs: In addition to assuming the role of a traditional food bank, St. Mary's also runs its own food pantry, allowing people to get food directly from their warehouses. St. Mary's frequently offers "mobile" food pantries — semi trucks filled with food products — in various locations throughout Arizona. These mobile pantries normally run on regular schedules, but they have also been dispatched for special occasions. During the 2018–19 United States federal government shutdown, for example, St. Mary's held a mobile food pantry to provide food for local TSA employees who were working without pay.

paragraphs: Through their Hunger Heroes program, St. Mary's has partnered with a wide variety of local and global companies who donate food, funding, and volunteers to the food bank. According to St. Mary's, it costs one dollar to provide seven meals for a single person, making fundraising a powerful tool in providing assistance to the hungry.

paragraphs: Companies and organizations that have partnered with St. Mary's include:

paragraphs: Many of St. Mary's partners also participate in special campaigns. The annual "Fight Hunger. Spark Change" is one such campaign, where Walmart Inc. employees work with local volunteers to distribute meals from mobile food pantries across the state. Additionally, Walmart and Sam's Club donate a predetermined amount of money to St. Mary's when customers buy select items in stores. In the 2018 campaign, St. Mary's received enough money to distribute 1.67 million meals across Arizona.

paragraphs: Roughly one in four children in Arizona struggle with hunger; the state is currently ranked the fifth-highest state in the U.S for food insecurity. To combat this, St. Mary's has created programs to provide nutritious meals for children.

paragraphs: The Kids Cafe® is an after-school program where children can receive free meals while engaged in tutoring or recreational activities. This program provides roughly 6,000 meals daily to over 130 locations in Arizona. The program is also available during the summer, when children don't have access to the free meals they might receive at school.

paragraphs: The Backpack Program partners with schools and community centers to distribute bags packed with a weekend's supply of food. These bags are given to children once a week with the goal of helping their entire family – as such, each bag contains enough food to supply three meals to a family of four. St. Mary's partners with over 100 schools and community centers to distribute 3,000 backpacks per week.

paragraphs: The Community Kitchen is a 12-week course where adults learn to work in the food-service industry while also developing career and professional skills. The program is intended to help those with barriers to employment develop the skills to become more self-sufficient, providing them with job placement support upon completing the course.

paragraphs: St. Mary's Food Bank Alliance is classified as a "Qualifying Charitable Organization" by the Arizona Department of Revenue, meaning that residents can receive a tax credit for donations up to $800.

paragraphs: St. Mary's depends on involvement from people within the community to continue operating. Some of the ways that people have gotten involved include:


title: Julie Payne (actress, born 1940)

paragraphs: Julie Anne Payne (July 10, 1940 – June 7, 2019) was an American actress. She appeared in television and movies between 1959 and 1967. Payne's credits include movies "Honeymoon Hotel" (1964), "Island of the Blue Dolphins" (1964) and "Don't Make Waves" (1967), and series such as "The Big Valley" and "The Wild Wild West".

paragraphs: Payne was born in Los Angeles, California. She married screenwriter Robert Towne in 1977, and later divorced. The couple had a daughter. Payne died of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on June 7, 2019. She was 78.


title: Bisbee, Arizona

paragraphs: Bisbee is a town in Cochise County, Arizona, USA. It is about southeast of Tucson. According to the 2010 census, the population of the town was 5,575. The town is the county seat of Cochise County.


title: Jim Forbes (Australian politician)

paragraphs: Alexander James de Burgh Forbes (16 December 1923 – 10 August 2019) was an Australian politician. He was a member of the Liberal Party. He was a government minister under five Prime Ministers: Robert Menzies, Harold Holt, John McEwen, John Gorton and William McMahon. Forbes served as Minister for the Army (1963–1966), Minister for Health (1966–1971) and Minister for Immigration (1971–1972). He was also MP for Barker from 1956 to 1975.

paragraphs: Forbes was born in Hobart, Tasmania. He served in the army during World War II, and was discharged in 1947. He later attended the University of Adelaide and Oxford University. Forbes lived for many years in the suburb of St Peters in Adelaide, South Australia.

paragraphs: Forbes died at a hospital in Adelaide on 10 August 2019. He was 95.


title: User (computing)

paragraphs: A user is a person who uses a computer or network service. Users of computer systems typically have no experience on how the software works.

paragraphs: In order to identify oneself, a user has an account (a user account) and a username (also called a screen name, handle, nickname, or nick on some systems), and in most cases also a password.

paragraphs: A user account allows one to authenticate to system services. It also generally provides one with the opportunity to be authorized to access them. However, authentication does not automatically mean authorization. Once the user has logged on, the operating system will often use an identifier such as an integer to refer to them, rather than their username.


title: Roger Ruskin Spear

paragraphs: Roger Ruskin Spear (born 29 June 1943 in Hammersmith, London) is a multi-instrumentalist (saxophones, clarinet, piano, guitars, percussion) who was a member of the Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah Band.


title: New-York Historical Society

paragraphs: The New-York Historical Society is an American history museum and library located in New York City. It is at the corner of 77th Street and Central Park West on the Upper West Side of Manhattan. The group was created in 1804 as New York's first museum. It has exhibitions, public programs, and research about the history of New York and the United States. It focuses on Manhattan.

paragraphs: It has been at its current place since 1908.

paragraphs: Louise Mirrer has been the president of the Historical Society since 2004.


title: Louisiana, Kansas

paragraphs: Louisiana (also known as Brooklyn and Salem) is a ghost town in Douglas County, in the U.S. state of Kansas.

paragraphs: Louisiana was created in 1855. It was close to the Santa Fe Trail. It had many things for travelers, including an inn, a saloon, a stable, and a store. A post office was created at Louisiana in 1856, but it closed in 1857. After William Quantrill's Raiders destroyed nearby Lawrence On August 21, 1863, they came to Louisiana and burned the town to the ground. The only building left was the saloon. The town became a ghost town shortly after.


title: University nuhelotʼįne thaiyotsʼį nistameyimâkanak Blue Quills

paragraphs: University nuhelot’įne thaiyots’į nistameyimâkanak Blue Quills (University nn Blue Quills, formerly Blue Quills Education Centre and Blue Quills First Nations College [BQFNC]) is a university near St. Paul, Alberta, Canada. It was established in 1971. It was called Blue Quills First Nations College (BQFNC) at first. It operated as an indigenous non-profit educational institution. Its goal is to encourage a sense of pride Indigenous values and traditions.


title: Cross of Valour (Poland)

paragraphs: The Cross of Valour () is a Polish military decoration.


title: Jerome Ch'en

paragraphs: Jerome Ch'en (, born Ch'en Chih-jang; October 2, 1919 – June 17, 2019) was a Chinese-Canadian historian and author. He served as Chinese history professor at York University in Toronto, Ontario from 1971 to 1987. He was the director of the University of Toronto/York University Joint Centre of Asia Pacific Studies (JCAPS) between 1983 and 1985. He also taught history at the University of Leeds before moving to Canada. He was made a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 1981. In 1984, he was named Distinguished Research Professor at York.

paragraphs: Ch'en was born in Chengdu, Sichuan. He died in St. Catharines, Ontario on June 17, 2019. He was 99.


title: Congressional district

paragraphs: A congressional district is an electoral constituency which elects a member of a congress. Countries that have congressional districts are Japan, the Philippines, and the United States. The size of a district is based on the number of people who live in that district. A district is often very big if there are few people that live there; a district is often small if it's in a big city because there would are many people living there.

paragraphs: The United States has 435 districts. Each district has about 747,000 people living in them.


title: Rafael de la Sierra

paragraphs: Rafael de la Sierra González (20 September 1948 – 19 June 2019) was a Spanish politician. He was a member of the Regionalist Party of Cantabria. He was a member of Parliament of Cantabria and later served as the President of the Parliament of Cantabria from 1999 to 2003. He was also Minister of the Presidency and Justice of Cantabria from 2015 until resigning in April 2019 due to illness.

paragraphs: Sierra was born in Vioño de Piélagos, Piélagos, Cantabria. He was married and had two children. He died on 19 June 2019, at the age of 70.


title: Dmytro Tymchuk

paragraphs: Dmytro Borysovych Tymchuk (; 27 June 1972 – 19 June 2019) was a Ukrainian politician, military expert and blogger. He was born in Chita, Russian SFSR. He became one of the most popular Ukrainian online activists during the 2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine. He was a founding member of the People's Front political party. He was a member of the Verkhovna Rada, Ukraine's parliament, from 2014 until his death in 2019.

paragraphs: On 19 June 2019, Tymchuk was found dead with a gunshot wound to his head in Kiev. According to police, Tymchuk was cleaning the gun when he accidentally fired it, killing him.


title: Kansas's 2nd congressional district

paragraphs: Kansas' 2nd congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Kansas. It includes most of the eastern part of Kansas. The size of the district is less than a quarter of the state. The state capital of Topeka and the city of Lawrence are both in this district.

paragraphs: The representative for this district is Republican Steve Watkins. He was elected on November 6, 2018.


title: Michel Sitjar

paragraphs: Michel Sitjar (13 September 1942 – 10 June 2019) was a French rugby union player. He played as a flanker. He played 13 matches for the France national team between 1964 and 1967. He also played club rugby for Sporting Union Agenais and also rugby league team XIII Catalan. He was born in Castelsagrat.

paragraphs: Sitjar died by suicide (killed himself) on 10 June 2019 in Lamagistère. He was 76.


title: Kansas's 4th congressional district

paragraphs: Kansas's 4th Congressional District is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Kansas. It is in the south central part of the state. It includes Wichita and nearby areas.

paragraphs: In 2012, in an unusual move, the federal courts intervened in Kansas's decennial redistricting (required by law to adjust boundaries of Congressional and state legislative districts every 10 years, to reflect changing population distributions, as reported by the decennial census).

paragraphs: Sharply criticizing the Legislature for the intractable feud between conservative and moderate factions in the Kansas Legislature (normally responsible for redistricting), and recognizing the rapidly approaching next elections, a federal three-judge panel (the Chief Justice of the 10th Circuit Court of Appeals and two judges from the Kansas City U.S. District Court) drew the Kansas state and Congressional district boundaries themselves, in rather simple and direct shapes that produced radical changes.

paragraphs: In the process, the Kansas Fourth Congressional District shifted west—still centered approximately on (and demographically dominated by) Wichita, The district's previous eastern boundary — Montgomery County and part of Greenwood County — were moved into another district, while the Fourth District's western edge moved farther west, to include all of Pratt, Stafford, Barber, Kiowa, Comanche and Edwards counties, plus a slender section of southern Pawnee County. In the process, the Fourth acquired a more neatly rectangular shape, and sharply reduced the amount of counties divided between the Fourth and another district.

paragraphs: The map shown here indicates prior boundaries.


title: Kansas's 3rd congressional district

paragraphs: Kansas's 3rd congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Kansas. Located in eastern Kansas, the district encompasses all of Wyandotte and Johnson counties and parts of Miami county. The district includes the heart of the Kansas side of the Kansas City metropolitan area, including Kansas City, Overland Park, Lenexa, Shawnee, Spring Hill, DeSoto and Olathe.

paragraphs: The district is currently represented by Democrat Sharice Davids, who was first elected in 2018, defeating Republican incumbent Kevin Yoder.


title: Kansas's 1st congressional district

paragraphs: Kansas's 1st congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Kansas. It has 63 counties from western and northern Kansas (more than half of the state) in it. It is the 12th biggest congressional district in the United States. Located within the district are Manhattan, Salina, Dodge City, Emporia, Garden City, Hays and Hutchinson. It is a very rural district.

paragraphs: It is believed to include the geographic center of the 48 connected states.


title: Kansas's 5th congressional district

paragraphs: Kansas's 5th congressional district was a congressional district for Kansas.

paragraphs: The district included some of the southern suburbs of Wichita. It also included Pittsburg. Most of the district was rural.


title: Kansas's congressional districts

paragraphs: Kansas has 4 congressional districts. Each has a member in the United States House of Representatives.

paragraphs: List of members of the Kansas United States House delegation, their terms, their district borders, and the districts' political rating from the CPVI. For the 116th Congress, there are 3 Republicans and 1 Democrat.

paragraphs: Historically, the state has at most eight seats (1893–1933). The number of seats decreased from five to four after the 1990 Census.

paragraphs: Table of United States congressional district border maps in Kansas, presented in order of time. All redistricting events in Kansas between 1973 and 2013 are shown.


title: Charles Dolan

paragraphs: Charles Francis "Chuck" Dolan (born October 16, 1926) is an American billionaire. He is the founder of Cablevision. Dolan's business controls AMC Networks, MSG Networks, and The Madison Square Garden Company, which at one point were all part of Cablevision itself.


title: United States congressional delegations from Kansas

paragraphs: These are tables of congressional delegations from Kansas to the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives.

paragraphs: , there are seventeen former members of the U.S. House of Representatives from the U.S. State of Kansas who are currently living at this time.

paragraphs: , there are four former U.S. Senators from the U.S. State of Kansas who are currently living at this time, one from Class 2 and three from Class 3.


title: Special administrative region

paragraphs: Special administrative regions (SARs) are regions within Mainland China that have their own governments separate from the rest of China. As a result of this, they enjoy a high degree of freedom. The two SARs are Hong Kong and Macau, both were European colonies that got transferred to China during the 1990s.

paragraphs: Due to their new addition to the territory of China, Article 31 of the Chinese Constitution forms the legal foundation for the territories, as opposed to Article 30 which establishes the rest of China's territory.

paragraphs: The term used to refer to the government of Hong Kong and Macau is the phrase, "One country, two systems", coined by Deng Xiaoping in which the territories would be part of one country (China) but use two different systems of government (Hong Kong and Macau basic law) instead of the Communist system of the Chinese national government. This was done to prevent protest of the new government and a loss of freedom that citizens may attribute it to.


title: Elnhausen

paragraphs: Elnhausen is a country subdivision of Marburg in Hesse.<br>

paragraphs: First documents date back to 1234. At this time the village was probably called "Ellenhusen".

paragraphs: Today the village is divided into the old part with the castle, the church, farms and a newer part with several development areas.


title: Cyriaxweimar

paragraphs: Cyriaxweimar is a country subdivision of Marburg in Hesse.


title: Michelbach (Marburg)

paragraphs: Michelbach is a Stadtteil of Marburg in Hesse.


title: Schröck

paragraphs: Schröck is a country subdivision of Marburg in Hesse.<br>

paragraphs: Schröck has a population of 1,796 and was first mentioned around 1233 under the name of "Scrikkede". The village has one primary school and various sporting places, such as a tennis hall and an outdoor sports arena.


title: Stadtallendorf

paragraphs: Stadtallendorf is a town in the county of Marburg-Biedenkopf, Hesse, Germany. It lies about east of Marburg. In 2010, the town hosted the 50th Hessentag state festival.

paragraphs: Under the German system of "Naturräume", Stadtallendorf lies in the West Hesse Depression zone ("westhessische Senkenzone") which is divided into basins and ridges. With respect to these, the town lies on the Upper Hesse Ridge which separates the Amöneburg Basin in the west from the "Schwalmbecken" (another basin) in the east. On this ridge may also be found the Neustadt Saddle, abutted by the town's northeast edge. This upland is part of the divide between the Rhine and Weser watersheds.

paragraphs: Stadtallendorf borders in the north on the town of Rauschenberg (Marburg-Biedenkopf) and the community of Gilserberg (Schwalm-Eder-Kreis), in the east on the town of Neustadt, in the southeast on the town of Kirtorf, in the south on the town of Homberg (Ohm) (both in the Vogelsbergkreis), and in the west on the towns of Amöneburg and Kirchhain (both in Marburg-Biedenkopf).


title: Uncle Ben

paragraphs: Benjamin "Ben" Parker (better known as Uncle Ben) is a fictional character appearing in Marvel Comics by Stan Lee and Steve Ditko. He is an uncle of Peter Parker because he is the brother of Peter's father Richard Parker. Uncle Ben and his wife Aunt May raised Peter since his parents died. Peter gets bitten by a radioactive spider and gets its powers. Peter sees a robbery happening and can do something about it but chooses not to. The criminal gets away and later kills Uncle Ben. Peter believes it is his fault for not having done anything to stop the robber so he decides to fight criminals by becoming the superhero Spider-Man. Uncle Ben was introduced in a Marvel Comics story called Amazing Fantasy # 15 in 1962. Unlike many comic book characters he stays dead. In later comics he is the one who told Peter Parker "With great power, comes great responsibility."

paragraphs: Uncle Ben was played by Cliff Robertson in the 2002 "Spider-Man" movie. In it Peter Parker fights back against a bully named Flash Thompson. Uncle Ben tells him to be careful about when to use his strength and that "with great power, comes great responsibility." Peter says Uncle Ben is not his father and should stop pretending to be. When Peter finds Uncle Ben's killer, the killer pulls a gun at him and Peter pushes him out of a window. Peter later tells the Green Goblin "I had a father. His name was Ben Parker." In the 2012 reboot "The Amazing Spider-Man", Uncle Ben is played by Martin Sheen. Unlike in the original movie, and in the comics, Peter does not catch Uncle Ben's killer. Uncle Ben does teach Peter the importance of responsibility but he never says "With great power, comes great responsibility."

paragraphs: Uncle Ben did not appear, nor was he mentioned, in the movie "".


title: Virgina Kidd

paragraphs: Virginia Kidd (June 2, 1921 – January 11, 2003) was an American literary agent, writer and editor, who worked in particular in science fiction and related fields. She represented science fiction American authors such as Ursula K. Le Guin, R.A. Lafferty, Anne McCaffrey, Judith Merril, and Gene Wolfe. Wolfe modeled Ann Schindler, a character in his 1990 novel "Castleview", in large part on Kidd.

paragraphs: Kidd was born Mildred Virginia Kidd in the Germantown district of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She was the youngest daughter of Charles Kidd, a printer, and Zetta Daisy Whorley. She had polio at age 2. She was paralyzed for a year from the chest down. Growing up she attended the Berlitz School of Languages where she developed fluency in Spanish, Latin, Italian, French, and German. Kidd discovered science fiction at age 9. She became an active science fiction fan. She was a Futurian and, in 1941, became one of the founding members of the Vanguard Amateur Press Association. She did not attend college, saying "because I couldn't go to the University of Chicago, and I wouldn't go to any other." She married opera singer Jack Emden in 1943. They divorced in 1947. She then married the writer James Blish. They were married until 1963. She had four children: Karen Anne Emden (born 1944), Asa Benjamin Blish (born and died 1947), Dorothea Elisabeth Blish (born 1954), and Charles Benjamin Blish (born 1956).

paragraphs: Kidd successfully worked as a freelance writer, ghost writer, and proofreader. She is well known for her work in the feminist science fiction literary movement. She helped marginalized authors. She was a successful businesswoman who worked with major companies such as Ace Publishing and Parnassus Books. She was also a poet, and published "Kinesis", a little magazine for poetry. She helped to start the careers of writers including Sonya Dorman.

paragraphs: Her short stories included "Kangaroo Court", published in 1966 in Damon Knight's "Orbit 1". She edited or co-edited several science fiction anthologies.

paragraphs: She edited two with her client and friend, Ursula K. LeGuin, "Interfaces: An Anthology of Speculative Fiction" (1980) and "Edges: Thirteen New Tales from the Borderlands of the Imagination" (1980). Kidd won the 12th Locus Award in 1979 for "Millennial Women".

paragraphs: In 1965, she founded her Virginia Kidd Literary Agency. The agency was at her home, Arrowhead, in Milford, Pennsylvania. Soon, she had many clients from the science fiction community. She was the first female literary agent in speculative fiction.

paragraphs: Her clients included David R. Bunch, Juanita Coulson, George Alec Effinger, Alan Dean Foster, Richard E. Geis, Ursula K. Le Guin, Zach Hughes, Laurence Janifer, R. A. Lafferty, Anne McCaffrey, Judith Merril, Ward Moore, Christopher Priest, Frank M. Robinson, Joanna Russ, and Gene Wolfe.

paragraphs: She stopped managing the agency in the mid-1990s because of health problems from diabetes. She died in 2003, but the agency still exists.

paragraphs: Along with author Damon Knight and husband James Blish, Kidd developed a method of critique known internationally as the Milford Method.

paragraphs: “The Monster in the Park.” Gérard Klein (translated from French by Virginia Kidd). "The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction," Vol. 21, No. 3, 1961


title: Jean-Marie Hullot

paragraphs: Jean-Marie Hullot (16 February 1954 – 17 June 2019) was a French computer scientist and programmer. He authored important programs for the original Macintosh, NeXTSTEP and Mac OS X platforms. These include the SOS Interface for the Mac, which later became Interface Builder for NeXTSTEP (1985) and later into an important part of Mac OS X. He also led the iCal and iSync development teams for Mac OS X (2002). He worked as CTO of Application Division at Apple Inc. from 2001 to 2005. He was also the President and CEO of Fotopedia, a photo encyclopaedia.

paragraphs: Hullot was born in Paris. He died on 17 June 2019 in Paris, at the age of 65.


title: Capital region

paragraphs: A capital region, also called a national capital region, capital district or capital territory, is a region or district surrounding a capital city. It is not always the official term for the region, but may sometimes be used as an informal synonym.


title: Pteroxygonum

paragraphs: "Pteroxygonum" is a Polygonaceae genus, related to Fallopia. A few species of the latter have been merged on it, such as F.denticulata.

paragraphs: P denticulatum (C.C.Huang)TM Schust et Reveal (bas.Polygonum denticulatum)

paragraphs: P giraldii Dammer et Diels (syn. Fagopyrum giraldii K.Haralson)


title: Antigone

paragraphs: Antigone is a play written by Sophocles. Antigone is the daughter of Oedipus.


title: Lynn Jenkins

paragraphs: Lynn Haag Jenkins (born June 10, 1963) is an American politician and lobbyist. She was in the U.S. Representative for from 2009 to 2019. Before that, she was the Kansas State Treasurer from 2003 to 2008. Before that, she was in the Kansas House of Representatives from 1999 to 2000 and the Kansas Senate from 2000 to 2002. She is a member of the Republican Party.

paragraphs: Jenkins was born in Holton, Kansas. She was raised on a dairy farm in Holton, and she attended high school there. She graduated from Kansas State University and Weber State College with an accounting major and an economics minor. She is a Certified Public Accountant.

paragraphs: Jenkins has a mostly conservative voting record in Congress.

paragraphs: Jenkins is against the Affordable Care Act.

paragraphs: Jenkins believes that lowering government spending will help the economy. She is against raising taxes to get a balanced budget.

paragraphs: Jenkins is against same-sex marriage.She believes Kansas should have laws that stop discrimination for gay people. She supported the Defense of Marriage Act.

paragraphs: Jenkins has two children, Hayley and Hayden, and was married for 25 years. Her husband Scott filed for divorce on Friday, November 7, 2008. This was shortly after she won the U.S. House election.


title: Can't Buy Me Love (movie)

paragraphs: Can't Buy Me Love is a 1987 American teen romantic comedy feature movie starring Patrick Dempsey and Amanda Peterson in a story about a nerd at a high school in Tucson, Arizona who gives a cheerleader $1,000 to pretend to be his girlfriend for a month. The movie was directed by Steve Rash and takes its title from a Beatles song with the same title.


title: Fagopyrum tibeticum

paragraphs: F tibeticum (A.J. Li) Adr.Sanchez et Jan.M.Burke

paragraphs: On the origin of the woody buckwheat Fagopyrum tibeticum (=Parapteropyrum tibeticum) in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Molec Phylogenetics and Evol. 61(2):515-20

paragraphs: Phylogenetic relationships among Fagopyrum species revealed by the nucleotide sequences of the ITS region of the nuclear rRNA gene Genes genetic syst 73:201-210


Can't Buy Me Love


title: The Bourne Supremacy

paragraphs: The Bourne Supremacy is a 2004 action spy movie featuring Robert Ludlum's Jason Bourne character. Though it takes the name of the second Bourne novel, its plot is entirely different. The movie was directed by Paul Greengrass from a screenplay by Tony Gilroy. Universal Pictures released the movie to theaters in the United States on July 23, 2004. It is the second in the Jason Bourne movie series. It is preceded by "The Bourne Identity" (2002) and followed by "The Bourne Ultimatum" (2007), "The Bourne Legacy" (2012), and "Jason Bourne" (2016).


title: Greta Thunberg

paragraphs: Greta Tintin Eleonora Ernman Thunberg (born 3 January 2003) is a Swedish activist. She is known for her work against climate change, a popular example of youth activism. She started protesting on 20 August 2018, outside of the Swedish parliament in Stockholm. In December 2018, she attended the UN Climate Change Conference. In the next month, she gave a speech on World Economic Forum in Davos.

paragraphs: She has received many awards. Three Norwegian MPs nominated her for the 2019 Nobel Peace Prize.

paragraphs: On 15 March 2019, approximately 1,400,000 people around the world, mainly students, protested against climate change. On 24 May 2019, a second major protest took place.

paragraphs: In December 2019, "Time" magazine named Thunberg "Time" Person of the Year 2019.

paragraphs: Greta Thunberg was born on 3 January 2003. She is the oldest daughter of Malena Ernman, an opera singer and her father is actor Svante Thunberg. Her grandfather was an actor and director Olof Thunberg.

paragraphs: At a TEDx speech in November 2018, Thunberg stated that she first heard about climate change at the age of eight, but could not understand why so little was being done about it. At age 11, she had depression and stopped talking. Later she was diagnosed with Asperger syndrome, obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), and selective mutism. She added that selective mutism means that she was speaking only when she needed to and that "now is one of those moments". She further added that the "spectrum" was an advantage "as almost everything is black or white". She said: "I feel like I am dying inside if I don't protest". She hands out leaflets outside the Swedish parliament with the phrase "I am doing this because you adults are shitting on my future."

paragraphs: Her father doesn't like that she misses school but says: "[We] respect that she wants to make a stand. She can either sit at home and be really unhappy, or protest, and be happy". To lower her family's carbon footprint, she insisted on becoming vegan and give up flying. She said she persuaded her parents to give up eating meat by making them feel guilty. "I kept telling them that they were stealing our future." Her mother gave up her international career as an opera singer. Despite invitations to speak at international events, Greta also avoids flying.

paragraphs: Thunberg says her teachers are divided in their views about her missing class to make her protest. She says: "As people they think what I am doing is good, but as teachers they say I should stop." A teacher who supports her said: "Greta is a troublemaker, she is not listening to adults. But we are heading full speed for a catastrophe, and in this situation the only reasonable thing is to be unreasonable."

paragraphs: In May 2019 Penguin, a British publishing house, published "No One Is Too Small to Make a Difference", which is a collection of her speeches. Penguin plans to publish "Scenes from the Heart", the Thunberg family's story, published in August 2018. All earnings from these books will be donated to charity. In the same month, artist Jody Thomas painted a mural of Thunberg on a wall in Bristol. It portrays the bottom half of her face as if under rising sea water.


title: Macedonian denar

paragraphs: Macedonian denar is the currency of North Macedonia.

paragraphs: The first denar was introduced on April 26, 1992. It replaced the Yugoslav dinar. In May 1993, the currency was reformed. A new denar was introduced with one new denar being equal to 100 old denars.


title: RKO Pictures

paragraphs: RKO Pictures is a company in the United States that makes and sells movies. It was first known as RKO Radio Pictures, Inc. RKO was an acronym for Radio-Keith-Orpheum, the original parent company of RKO Radio Pictures. It was one of the Big Five studios of Hollywood's Golden Age. The company was made by the merger of the Keith-Albee-Orpheum (KAO) theater chain and the Film Booking Offices of America (FBO) studio in October 1928. It was put together by David Sarnoff of RCA. His goal was to create a market for RCA's photophone, which was their sound-on-film technology. By the mid-1940s, the studio was under the control of investor Floyd Odlum.

paragraphs: RKO is well known for the musicals it made in the 1930s. These starred Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers. Other well-known actors got their start at RKO. Among these were Katharine Hepburn, Robert Mitchum, and Cary Grant. Many praise RKO's work on film noir. Val Lewton's low-budget horror movies are also praised by movie critics. RKO made two of the most famous movies in history. These are "King Kong" and "Citizen Kane". They also made movies with other studios. These include the well known "It's a Wonderful Life" and "Notorious". RKO also took care of sales for movies made by Walt Disney from 1937 to the mid-1950s. The also took care of sales for Samuel Goldwyn.

paragraphs: In 1948, Howard Hughes took over RKO and this lead to a time of decline. Then in 1955, it was bought by the General Tire and Rubber Company. RKO stopped making new movies in 1957, and mostly shut down two years later. In 1959, the assets of RKO moved to a new company called RKO General. In 1981, RKO was revived under the name RKO Pictures Inc. In 1989, it was sold to new owners. They run it using the name RKO Pictures LLC.


title: Solar sail

paragraphs: A solar sail (or light sails or photon sails) is a proposed method of spacecraft propulsion using radiation pressure exerted by sunlight. The word 'sail' is by analogy with boats which use a sail to use wind to move. The concept was first proposed in the 17th century by Johannes Kepler. He had a theory that sails could be adapted to "heavenly breezes".

paragraphs: In 1865, James Clerk Maxwell published his theory of electromagnetic fields and radiation. He showed that light (one form of electromagnetic radiation) can put pressure on an object. This pressure is called radiation pressure. This provided a foundation for the science behind the solar sail.

paragraphs: Solar radiation exerts a pressure on the sail due to reflection and a small fraction that is absorbed.

paragraphs: Solar pressure acts on spacecraft, in space or in orbit around a planet. A typical spacecraft going to Mars, for example, is displaced thousands of kilometers by solar pressure. The effects are predicted in planning. This has been done since the time of the early interplanetary spacecraft of the 1960s. Solar pressure also affects the orientation of a craft, a factor that is included in spacecraft design.

paragraphs: The concept of solar sail was later used science fiction, such as the works of Jules Verne.

paragraphs: The idea of a solar sail is to use radiation pressure from the Sun to move a spacecraft, probably using large "mirrors" (large light reflective surfaces). The disadvantage of the method is that the generated thrust is very small. The benefit is that no propellant is needed (as long as there is light). As a result, it is considered a possible option for future spacecraft. To date, only small test versions have been used as experiments.

paragraphs: The total force exerted on an 800 by 800 meter solar sail, for example, is about at Earth's distance from the Sun, making it a low-thrust propulsion system, similar to spacecraft propelled by electric engines. As it uses no propellant, the force is exerted almost constantly. The collective effect over time is great enough to be considered a way of propelling spacecraft.

paragraphs: Plans for the first use of the concept were made in the 1970s by Bruce Murray and Louis Friedman, two researchers at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California.

paragraphs: On May 21, 2010, Japan's Space Exploration Agency (JAXA) successfully launched the solar sail, the IKAROS (Interplanetary Kite-Craft Accelerated by Radiation Of The Sun). It used a solar sail in space between Earth and Venus. This was the first successful use of a solar sail.

paragraphs: In 2010, NASA launched the solar sail craft NANOSEL-D2. The was the first success of NASA's solar sail craft.

paragraphs: On 2 July 2019 the Planet Society, based in the United States, launched the LightSail 2 satellite, designed using solar sail technology. The lightweight satellite, was launched with the SpaceX's Falcon Heavy rocket from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. This was low budget mission funded by donations from 50,000 members. The total budget was less than 7 million USD. In late July 2019, LightSail 2 opened its solar sail. It took about 3 minutes to do so.


title: Peter Ouwens

paragraphs: Pieter Antonie Ouwens (14 February 1849, Amsterdam – 5 March 1922, Buitenzorg) was a Dutch scientist. He was Director of the Java Zoological Museum and Botanical Gardens. He is best known for writing the first formal description of the Komodo dragon ("Varanus komodoensis") in 1912.

paragraphs: Ouwens was the child of Pieter Anthonis Ouwens, accountant in Amsterdam, and Caroline Reiniera Nagels. He studied at the Royal Military Academy in Breda from 1867. In 1871, he became lieutenant at the Infantry in the Dutch East Indies. In 1883 he was promoted to captain. In January 1879 he married Johanna Vosmaer at Banda Aceh. They divorced a month after the birth of their only child in 1882 in Salatiga. Ouwens then married Jeanne Dikkers in December 1883 in Purworejo. He married again in 1902 with Anna Josephina Soesman.

paragraphs: Ouwens became curator of the Zoological Museum in Buitenzorg. (Buitenzorg is now called Bogor). Lieutenant Jacques Karel Henri van Steyn van Hensbroek was the first Westerner to see Komodo dragons. Hensbroek sent a photo and a skin of a Komodo dragon to Ouwens. He then sent a collector to Komodo who returned to Java with two adults and a young lizard. Ouwens named the species "Varanus komodoensis" in a publication of 1912. Ouwens became Officer of the Order of Orange-Nassau and died in Buitenzorg in 1922.


title: Fulbright Program

paragraphs: The Fulbright Program, including the Fulbright–Hays Program, is one of several United States Cultural Exchange Programs. The goal is to improve intercultural relations, cultural diplomacy, and intercultural competence between people from the United States and other countries by exchanging of people, knowledge, and skills. It is one of the most prestigious and fellowship programs in the world. It is also very difficult to receive a grant. American citizens including students, scholars, teachers, professionals, scientists and artists may receive scholarships or grants to study, do research, teach, or exercise their talents abroad. Citizens of other countries may do the same in the United States of America. The program was started by United States Senator J. William Fulbright in 1946 and is one of the most widely recognized and prestigious scholarships in the world. The program provides 8,000 grants annually.

paragraphs: The Fulbright Program is administered by cooperating organizations such as the Institute of International Education. It is in over 160 countries around the world. The Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs of the U.S. Department of State sponsors the Fulbright Program and gets funding from the United States Congress from annual appropriation bills. Additional direct and in-kind support comes from partner governments, foundations, corporations, and host institutions both in and outside the U.S. In 49 countries, a bi-national Fulbright Commission administers and oversees the Fulbright Program. In countries without a Fulbright Commission but that have an active program, the Public Affairs Section of the U.S. Embassy manages the Fulbright Program. More than 370,000 people have participated in the program since it began; 59 Fulbright alumni have won Nobel Prizes; 82 have won Pulitzer Prizes.

paragraphs: In 1945, Senator J. William Fulbright proposed a bill to use the profits from selling surplus U.S. government war property to fund international exchange between the U.S. and other countries. The timing after the Second War was important. Along side the United Nations, the Fulbright Program was an attempt to promote peace and understanding through educational exchange. The bill had a plan to forgive the debts foreign countries piled up during the war and in return for funding an international educational program. This program was planned to be an essential vehicle to promote peace and mutual understanding between individuals, institutions and future leaders anywhere in the world.

paragraphs: On August 1, 1946, President Harry S. Truman signed the bill into law, and Congress created the Fulbright Program in what became the largest education exchange program in history.

paragraphs: Since it began, the program has operated on a bi-nationally. Each country in the Fulbright Program has an agreement with the U.S. government. The first countries to sign agreements were China in 1947 and Burma, the Philippines, and Greece in 1948.

paragraphs: The Fulbright Program works two ways: U.S. citizens may receive funding to go to a foreign country (U.S. Student Program, U.S. Scholar Program, Teacher Exchange Program, etc.) and non-U.S. citizens may come to the U.S. (Foreign Student Program, Visiting Scholar Program, Teacher Exchange Program, etc.).

paragraphs: Candidates recommended for Fulbright grants should have high academic achievement, a strong project proposal or statement of purpose, demonstrated leadership potential, and flexibility and adaptability to work successfully with the host community abroad.

paragraphs: Fulbright grants are offered in almost all academic disciplines except clinical medical research with patient contact.

paragraphs: Fulbright alumni have occupied key roles in government, academia, and industry. Of the 325,000+ alumni:


title: Things Fall Apart

paragraphs: Things Fall Apart is a novel that was written by Chinua Achebe. It came out in 1958. The story talks about life in Nigeria before colonialism and the Europeans came to Africa in the 19th century. The main character in the book is a man named Okonkwo. He is an Igbo man that lives in a fictional clan in Nigeria called Umuofia. There are three main parts of the story. The first part talks about Okonkwo's personal life and the Igbo culture and traditions. The second and third parts talk about the British colonialists and Christian missionaries.

paragraphs: "Things Fall Apart" is a very important book. Many people see it as an archetype (something that other works have been based on) for other African novels. The book has been sold over 20 million times. "Time" magazine said it was one of the best 100 English-language books from 1923 to 2005.

paragraphs: Okonkwo is a wrestling champion and a hardworking man. He was born in a poor family because his father was lazy and was in a lot of debt. This makes him hate his father. He tries to be the opposite of everything his father was.

paragraphs: In this part of the novel, Okonkwo and his family are away. Meanwhile, white men come to Umuofia and introduce their religion, Christianity. Okonkwo's son Nwoye becomes a Christian.

paragraphs: The village destroys the church because a convert disrespected an elder during a ritual. Because of that event, Okonkwo and other leaders go to jail.

paragraphs: Okonkwo kills a messenger. However, the other ones escape. He realizes that the village will not fight back.

paragraphs: Okonkwo kills himself to avoid being tried in court. Suicide is not acceptable to the Igbo and so Okonkwo loses his good name.


title: Oiniades

paragraphs: Oiniades () is part of the municipality Missolonghi, Greece. Its area is 270.899 km. It was named after the ancient town of Oeniadae.

paragraphs: Ancient Oeniadae () was a port town on the west bank of the river Achelous. It was one of the most important towns of ancient Acarnania. Oeniadai was first mentioned in the 5th century BC.

paragraphs: It was against a hill in the marshes. These protected it from invaders. It is the same place the modern village, Katochi.

paragraphs: It was an important port on the route to Corfu. It changed its alliances often in the history. At first it was a member of the Peloponnesian League. But, in 424 BC it joined the Delian League. In the Hellenistic period, Oiniadai allied with the Aetolians until 218 BC when Philip V declared it free. From 211-189 BC during the Roman-Macedonian wars the Aetolians controlled it again. In Roman times it became less important.

paragraphs: The communities below are part of Oiniades:


title: Eutin

paragraphs: Eutin () is the district capital of Eastern Holstein county. It is in the north German state of Schleswig-Holstein. As of 2015, about 17,000 people lived in the town.

paragraphs: The name Eutin (originally Utin) is Slavic. Its meaning is not clear. It probably came from the personal name "Uta". The Slavic Obotrites tribe settled eastern Holstein in the 7th/8th centuries A.D. and built a castle on Pheasant Island in the lake now called the Großer Eutiner See.

paragraphs: Dutch settlers came to live in "Utin" in the twelfth century. In 1156 Eutin became a market town. It later became the seat of the Prince-Bishopric of Lübeck because Lübeck itself was an imperial free city. When the bishopric was secularized in 1803, Eutin became part of the Duchy of Oldenburg. In the Greater Hamburg Act of 1937, Eutin passed from the Free State of Oldenburg to the Prussian Province of Schleswig-Holstein. After World War II, it became part of the modern Bundesland of Schleswig-Holstein.

paragraphs: Eutin is birthplace of composer Carl Maria von Weber. To honor him, an open-air theater (') was built in the park of Eutin Castle in 1951. Operas are performed there in July and August during the Eutin Opera Summer Festival ('). The seating capacity of this open-air venue is about 2000. The festival includes music students in Eutin aand students from the University of Kansas in Lawrence, Kansas, US. Lawrence is a twin city with Eutin.

paragraphs: Eutin has an annual Blues Festival (Bluesfest Eutin) at the beginning of summer. Local musicians, as well as up and coming blues artists from around the world, come to play at this three-day outdoor blues festival. The festival is in the market place in the center of town. Admission is free.

paragraphs: Eutin is surrounded by lakes of the Holsteinische Schweiz, including the Großer Eutiner See, Kleiner Eutiner See, Kellersee and Ukleisee. There are forests around the lakes. Popular activities on these lakes include boating, canoeing, rowing, swimming, and fishing.

paragraphs: Schleswig-Holstein, particularly Eutin, has many rapeseed fields. They produce biofuel. Wind turbines are also a common in this rural region.

paragraphs: Each summer, Lawrence and Eutin have an exchange program. High-school students from Lawrence and college students from the University of Kansas have some weeks in Eutin. German students from Eutin come to Lawrence to study. The University of Kansas also created an internship exchange program with Eutin.


title: World Bicycle Day

paragraphs: In April 2018, the United Nations General Assembly declared June 3 as International World Bicycle Day. The resolution for World Bicycle Day recognizes "the uniqueness, longevity and versatility of the Bicycle, which has been in use for two centuries, and that it is a simple, affordable, reliable, clean and environmentally fit sustainable means of transportation."

paragraphs: Professor Leszek Sibilski from the United States led a grassroots campaign with his Sociology class to promote a UN Resolution for World Bicycle Day, eventually gaining the support of Turkmenistan and 56 other countries. The original UN Blue and White World Bicycle Day logo was designed by Isaac Feld and the accompanying animation was done by Professor John E. Swanson. It depicts bicyclists of various types riding around the globe. At the bottom of the logo is the hashtag #June3WorldBicycleDay. The main message is that the bicycle belongs to and serves all of humanity.

paragraphs: World Bicycle Day is a global holiday meant to be enjoyed by all people regardless of race, ethnicity, creed, class, sex, gender, age, sexual orientation, or any other characteristic. The bicycle as a symbol of human progress and advancement "[promotes] tolerance, mutual understanding and respect and [facilitates] social inclusion and a culture of peace."

paragraphs: World Bicycle Day is now being associated with promoting a healthy lifestyle for those with diabetes.


title: Peter Matić

paragraphs: Peter Matić (24 March 1937 – 20 June 2019) was an Austrian actor and voice actor. He appeared in more than 80 movies and TV series between 1961 and 2019. He had roles in movies such as "I Learned It from Father" (1964), "Everyone Dies Alone" (1976) and "Wahnfried" (1986). He is known in German-speaking countries for dubbing the voice of British actor Ben Kingsley.

paragraphs: Matić was born in Vienna. He died on 20 June 2019, at the age of 82.


title: Okayama Castle

paragraphs: Okayama castle is located in Okayama city near Korakuen. It’s also known as the Crow Castle because of its color.


title: Roger Béteille

paragraphs: Roger Béteille (28 August 1921 – 14 June 2019) was a French aeronautical engineer. He was born in Vors, Aveyron. In 1952, he joined Sud-Aviation in Toulouse and held senior posts: Head of Flight Testing (1952 to 1957), Head of Rockets and Satellites division (1957 to 1967) and the deputy technical director of and A300 programme manager.

paragraphs: Béteille worked with Air France and Lufthansa, as well as U.S.-based airlines like United, TWA and American Airlines. He also decided that English should be the working language and that measurements should not be metric because most airlines already had American built aircraft.

paragraphs: He is known for the success of Airbus and is sometimes called "Mr. Airbus".


title: Lionel Tertis

paragraphs: Lionel Tertis, CBE (29 December 187622 February 1975) was an English violist. He was one of the first viola players to have international fame. Tertis was also a known violin teacher. He was born in West Hartlepool, North East England.

paragraphs: Tertis died on 22 February 1975 in Wimbledon, London at the age of 98.


title: The Bourne Ultimatum

paragraphs: The Bourne Ultimatum is a 2007 action spy movie directed by Paul Greengrass loosely based on the novel of the same name by Robert Ludlum. The screenplay was written by Tony Gilroy, Scott Z. Burns and George Nolfi and based on a screen story of the novel by Gilroy. The Bourne Ultimatum is the third in the Jason Bourne movie series, being preceded by "The Bourne Identity" (2002) and "The Bourne Supremacy" (2004). The fourth movie, "The Bourne Legacy", was released in August 2012, without the involvement of Damon, and the fifth movie (a direct sequel to Ultimatum), "Jason Bourne", was released in July 2016.


title: The Heartbreak Kid (2007 movie)

paragraphs: The Heartbreak Kid is a 2007 American black comedy movie directed by the Farrelly brothers. Starring Ben Stiller, it is a remake of the 1972 movie of the same name. The movie was originally titled "The Seven Day Itch", but Peter Farrelly revealed the filmmakers lost a lawsuit over the name; after attempts to find another title and suggestions of several other possible titles, the studio had them use the title The Heartbreak Kid. Also starring are Michelle Monaghan, Malin Åkerman, Jerry Stiller, Rob Corddry, Carlos Mencia, Scott Wilson and Danny McBride. The screenplay for the 2007 movie was written by Leslie Dixon, Scot Armstrong, the Farrelly brothers and Kevin Barnett.


title: Tadahito Iguchi

paragraphs: Tadahito Iguchi (born December 4, 1974), nicknamed "Gucchi", is a Japanese former professional baseball second baseman. He is currently the manager of the Chiba Lotte Marines of NPB.

paragraphs: As a member of the Chicago White Sox in 2005, he became the first Japanese-born position player to win the World Series in 2005. Even though he was ineligible for their postseason roster he received a world series ring with the 2008 Phillies.

paragraphs: Over the course of his career he played for the Chicago White Sox, Philadelphia Phillies and San Diego Padres of MLB. He played for the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks and the Chiba Lotte Marines of NPB.