title: Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk

paragraphs: The Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk is a US military jet aircraft. It was the first stealth aircraft to be declared operational. It was only used by US Air Force until 2003. It was used in the Gulf War. It was also used by NATO air attacks in Kosovo in 1999.

paragraphs: The Lockheed F-117 is a single-seat, twin-engine stealth ground-attack aircraft that is operated by the United States Air Force. The F-117 was the first flyable aircraft to be designed around stealth technology. It retired in 2008 because of the F-22 Raptor. It is shaped to deflect radar signals. It is limited to subsonic speed. It’s weird 2d shape was from the 1970’s era computer technology.


title: Vindeln Municipality

paragraphs: Vindeln Municipality () is a municipality in Västerbotten County in northern Sweden. The seat is in Vindeln.


title: Degerfors Municipality

paragraphs: Degerfors Municipality () is a municipality in Örebro County in central Sweden. The seat is in Degerfors.


title: Söderköping Municipality

paragraphs: Söderköping Municipality () is a municipality in Östergötland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Söderköping.


title: Oxelösund Municipality

paragraphs: Oxelösund Municipality () is a municipality in Södermanland County in central Sweden. The seat is in Oxelösund.


title: Kristinehamn Municipality

paragraphs: Kristinehamn Municipality () is a municipality in Värmland County in central Sweden. The seat is in Kristinehamn.


title: Katrineholm Municipality

paragraphs: Katrineholm Municipality () is a municipality in Södermanland County in central Sweden. The seat is in Katrineholm.


title: Knivsta Municipality

paragraphs: Knivsta Municipality () is a municipality in Uppsala County in central Sweden. The seat is in Knivsta.

paragraphs: The municipality was established on 1 January 2003. It was broken out of Uppsala Municipality.


title: Percival Pembroke

paragraphs: The Percival Pembroke is a British military light transport aircraft. It is a twin-engine aircraft. It was used by the RAF and many other militaries operators. Its first flight was in November 1952.


title: Lotta på Liseberg

paragraphs: Lotta på Liseberg is a sing-along event at Liseberg in the town of Gothenburg in Sweden. It has been around since 21 June 2004. Broadcastings over TV 4 began on 22 June 2009. Since the beginning, Lotta Engberg has been the host.


title: Lohja

paragraphs: Lohja () is a city in Uusimaa, Finland. As of January 2014 almost 48,000 people live there. Nearby municipalities are Inkoo, Karkkila, Raasepori, Siuntio, Vihti, Salo, Somero and Tammela.

paragraphs: The people in Lohja speak two languages: Finnish and Swedish.


title: Royal Aircraft Factory SE-5

paragraphs: The Royal Aircraft Factory SE-5 is a British single-engine fighter aircraft. It is a biplane, that was used for World War I. It was used by the Royal Flying Corps from March 1917.


title: Calculating Infinity

paragraphs: Calculating Infinity is the first album by American mathcore band The Dillinger Escape Plan. It was released in September 1999 by Relapse Records. "Calculating Infinity" shows the band's heavier and more complex sound. It would go on to be thought of as a very important work of avant-garde metal. The release is The Dillinger Escape Plan's only album to have Dimitri Minakakis as the lead singer.


title: Sävsjö Municipality

paragraphs: Sävsjö Municipality () is a municipality in Jönköping County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Sävsjö.


title: Västervik Municipality

paragraphs: Västervik Municipality () is a municipality in Kalmar County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Västervik.


title: Vetlanda Municipality

paragraphs: Vetlanda Municipality () is a municipality in Jönköping County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Vetlanda.


title: Oskarshamn Municipality

paragraphs: Oskarshamn Municipality () is a municipality in Kalmar County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Oskarshamn.


title: Vimmerby Municipality

paragraphs: Vimmerby Municipality () is a municipality in Kalmar County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Vimmerby.


title: Olofström Municipality

paragraphs: Olofström Municipality () is a municipality in Blekinge County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Olofström.


title: Karlshamn Municipality

paragraphs: Karlshamn Municipality () is a municipality in Blekinge County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Karlshamn.


title: Ronneby Municipality

paragraphs: Ronneby Municipality () is a municipality in Blekinge County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Ronneby.


title: Arvika Municipality

paragraphs: Arvika Municipality () is a municipality in Värmland County in central Sweden. The seat is in Arvika.


title: Arboga Municipality

paragraphs: Arboga Municipality () is a municipality in Västmanland County in central Sweden. The seat is in Arboga.


title: Boulton Paul Defiant

paragraphs: The Boulton Paul Defiant was a British fighter aircraft. This single-engine, aircraft first in August 1937 and was used by the British Royal Air Force in World War II.

paragraphs: Defiants were different to other fighter planes because their guns (four Machine guns) were in a rotating turret and could fire in any direction. They had two crew: one man was the pilot and the other aimed the guns.

paragraphs: Defiants were made to shoot down enemy bomber aircraft. When they were used during the Battle of Britain, they were good at this. But they were slower and could not turn as well as German fighter planes, like the Messerschmitt Bf 109. A lot of Defiants were shot down by German fighters.

paragraphs: After the Battle of Britain, the British only flew Defiants at night. In this way they could attack the German bombers that also flew at night, and avoid the German fighters because they only flew during the day.

paragraphs: Today, only one Defiant is left in the world; it is in a museum in London.


title: Emmaboda Municipality

paragraphs: Emmaboda Municipality () is a municipality in Kalmar County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Emmaboda.


title: Sunne Municipality

paragraphs: Sunne Municipality () is a municipality in Värmland County in central Sweden. The seat is in Sunne.


title: Surahammar Municipality

paragraphs: Surahammar Municipality () is a municipality in Västmanland County in central Sweden. The seat is in Surahammar.


title: Hallstahammar Municipality

paragraphs: Hallstahammar Municipality () is a municipality in Västmanland County in central Sweden. The seat is in Hallstahammar.


title: Lindesberg Municipality

paragraphs: Lindesberg Municipality () is a municipality in Örebro County in central Sweden. The seat is in Lindesberg.


title: Nora Municipality

paragraphs: Nora Municipality () is a municipality in Örebro County in central Sweden. The seat is in Nora.


title: Stenungsund Municipality

paragraphs: Stenungsund Municipality () is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Stenungsund.


title: English Electric Lightning

paragraphs: The English Electric Lightning is a British fighter jet. It is a twin-turbojet. It was used by the Royal Air Force for the Cold War and by air forces of Kuwait and Saudi Arabia.


title: Enköping Municipality

paragraphs: Enköping Municipality () is a municipality in Uppsala County in central Sweden. The seat is in Enköping.


title: Sigtuna Municipality

paragraphs: Sigtuna Municipality () is a municipality in Stockholm County in central Sweden. The seat is in Märsta.


title: Ockelbo Municipality

paragraphs: Ockelbo Municipality () is a municipality in Gävleborg County in northern Sweden. The seat is in Ockelbo.


title: Hudiksvall Municipality

paragraphs: Hudiksvall Municipality () is a municipality in Gävleborg County in northern Sweden. The seat is in Hudiksvall.


title: Ljusdal Municipality

paragraphs: Ljusdal Municipality () is a municipality in Gävleborg County in northern Sweden. The seat is in Ljusdal.


title: Hofors Municipality

paragraphs: Hofors Municipality () is a municipality in Gävleborg County in northern Sweden. The seat is in Hofors.


title: Bollnäs Municipality

paragraphs: Bollnäs Municipality () is a municipality in Gävleborg County in northern Sweden. The seat is in Bollnäs.


title: Nordanstig Municipality

paragraphs: Nordanstig Municipality () is a municipality in Gävleborg County in northern Sweden. The seat is in Bergsjö.


title: Öckerö Municipality

paragraphs: Öckerö Municipality () is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Öckerö.


title: Kramfors Municipality

paragraphs: Kramfors Municipality () is a municipality in Västernorrland County in northern Sweden. The seat is in Kramfors.


title: Berg Municipality

paragraphs: Berg Municipality () is a municipality in Jämtland County in northern Sweden. The seat is in Svenstavik.


title: Storuman Municipality

paragraphs: Storuman Municipality () is a municipality in Västerbotten County in northern Sweden. The seat is in Storuman.


title: Shemini Atzeret

paragraphs: Shemini Atzeret ( – "the Eighth [day] of Assembly") is a Jewish holiday of the (Northern Hemisphere) autumn. In Israel, the date of the holiday is 22 Tishrei on the Hebrew calendar. Outside of Israel, it is two days long, on 22-23 Tishrei. On the Gregorian calendar, Shemini Atzeret comes in late September or early or middle October.

paragraphs: The holiday is best known for the celebration of Simchat Torah (שִׂמְחֵת תּוֹרָה), "Rejoicing of the Torah", when Jews finish the annual cycle of reading the whole Torah out loud in synagogue. Outside Israel, "Simchat" Torah is celebrated on the second day of the holiday. Most people outside Israel use the name "Shemini Atzeret" for the first day only. They call the second day "Simchat Torah" because of this celebration. In Israel, the one day of the holiday is called by both names.

paragraphs: In some ways, this holiday is part of the holiday of Sukkot. The "shemini" ("8th") is the "8th day" of Sukkot. In other ways, this holiday is a separate holiday on its own, and not part of Sukkot.

paragraphs: Shemini Atzeret is an important Jewish holiday. Like on Shabbat and other important Jewish holidays, work is not allowed on Shemini Atzeret.

paragraphs: The holiday of Shemini Atzeret is in the Torah (Pentateuch) twice, at and at . The Torah does not say much about the holiday, though.

paragraphs: The Torah says that this holiday falls on the eighth day of Sukkot. However, in the same paragraph, the celebrations of Sukkot are described as lasting "seven" days, not eight. The Talmud writes about this apparent problem. At the end of the section, the Talmud says that at the same time,

paragraphs: The laws and customs of Shemini Atzeret show both pieces of the holiday.

paragraphs: Some Jewish holidays have special rituals, like the Seder of Passover or the sukkah, lulav and etrog of Sukkot. In the Torah, there are no rituals like that for Shemini Atzeret. But starting at the time of the Talmud, Shemini Atzeret became the holiday for finishing the annual reading of the Torah in the synagogue. The celebration of that—called Simchat Torah— has become the main feature of the holiday.

paragraphs: In synagogues, one section of the Torah is read on every Shabbat of the year. The last section, from Deuteronomy, is read on the holiday of Shemini Atzeret. Over the last 1000 years, the reading of the last section has become a big celebration called Simchat Torah, or "Rejoicing of the Torah". This celebration is so important that the whole day of the celebration is called "Simchat Torah." In Israel, this celebration happens on the single day of the holiday, 22 Tishrei. Outside of Israel, it happens on the second of the two days, 23 Tishrei.

paragraphs: The name "Simchat Torah" does not appear in the Torah or the Talmud. The Talmud says that the final section of the Torah is read on Shemini Atzeret. But it does not use the name Simchat Torah, and it does not describe a special celebration. The first reference to any kind of celebration comes from the period of the "Geonim" (7th-11th centuries CE). That source mentioned the custom of dancing with the Torah, which is still a custom today.

paragraphs: In modern times, Simchat Torah has become a day to show Jewish pride in public.

paragraphs: Simchat Torah evening is a and child-friendly holiday. After the regular holiday evening prayers, all the Torahs are taken from the . Members of the synagogue march or dance around the synagogue seven times with the Torahs. Each time around the synagogue, the people pray "Save us! Answer us on the day we call!" Sometimes the dancing moves from the synagogue to the street outside. Sometimes the dancing can go late into the evening, with extra songs and prayers added. One very common custom is for people—especially children—to march or dance with flags, sometimes with candles or apples on top. At the end of the dancing in most synagogues, a piece of the last Torah portion in Deuteronomy is read in public. In Orthodox and Conservative synagogues, the very end of Deuteronomy is not read at night. But in Reform synagogues, it sometimes is.

paragraphs: After the regular holiday morning prayers, the dancing and marching of the previous night are repeated. After that, every adult member of the synagogue is called to the Torah for an "aliyah" (honor), says blessings, and has several verses of the Torah read. Depending on the size of the synagogue, this can take a long time. Different synagogues have different ways to do this:

paragraphs: Once all eligible adults have received an honor, the celebration comes to its highest point. The last three honors go to distinguished members of the synagogue:

paragraphs: For all of these honors, the person honored stands under a "tallit" (prayer ) held open like the "ḥuppa," or , in a Jewish wedding.

paragraphs: In Israel, it has become common to add an extra night of celebration to Simchat Torah. This is called "Hakafot Shniyot" (Second Circuits). It happens on 23 Tishrei, the same night as Jews in the rest of the world celebrate Simchat Torah. This is a way for Jews around the world to show Jewish pride together. Because the holiday of Shemini Atzeret is over after one day in Israel, holiday restrictions do not apply. So "Hakafot Shniyot" can include things not normally allowed on Shabbat and Jewish holidays (like bands and photography).

paragraphs: The Torah states that it is a requirement for Jews to be happy on Sukkot. The Talmud writes that this requirement lasts for eight days—the seven days of Sukkot "and" Shemini Atzeret. As part of this, Hallel is said in synagogue during the morning prayers of Shemini Atzeret.

paragraphs: In Israel, this is the only practice from Sukkot that continues into Shemini Atzeret. In every other way Shemini Atzeret is a separate holiday with separate practices.

paragraphs: Outside Israel, this is complicated by the Jewish law of adding an extra day to every Biblical Jewish holiday except Yom Kippur. The holiday of Sukkot, which lasts seven days in Israel lasts eight days outside Israel. But the eighth day is also the first day of the separate holiday of Shemini Atzeret. Sometimes the rules for the two holidays conflict. Figuring out the conflicts can be complicated. But the general rule is that

paragraphs: In practice, what happens "only outside of Israel" is that

paragraphs: None of this happens on the second day of Shemini Atzeret (Simchat Torah), because it is no longer an extra day of Sukkot.


title: Strömsund Municipality

paragraphs: Strömsund Municipality () is a municipality in Jämtland County in northern Sweden. The seat is in Strömsund.


title: Bräcke Municipality

paragraphs: Bräcke Municipality () is a municipality in Jämtland County in northern Sweden. The seat is in Bräcke.


title: Krokom Municipality

paragraphs: Krokom Municipality () is a municipality in Jämtland County in northern Sweden. The seat is in Krokom.


title: Ragunda Municipality

paragraphs: Ragunda Municipality () is a municipality in Jämtland County in northern Sweden. The seat is in Hammarstrand.


title: Arvidsjaur Municipality

paragraphs: Arvidsjaur Municipality () is a municipality in Norrbotten County in northern Sweden. The seat is in Arvidsjaur.


title: Arjeplog Municipality

paragraphs: Arjeplog Municipality () is a municipality in Norrbotten County in northern Sweden. The seat is in Arjeplog.


title: Jokkmokk Municipality

paragraphs: Jokkmokk Municipality () is a municipality in Norrbotten County in northern Sweden. The seat is in Jokkmokk.


title: Pajala Municipality

paragraphs: Pajala Municipality () is a municipality in Norrbotten County in northern Sweden. The seat is in Pajala.


title: Gällivare Municipality

paragraphs: Gällivare Municipality () is a municipality in Norrbotten County in northern Sweden. The seat is in Gällivare.


title: Älvsbyn Municipality

paragraphs: Älvsbyn Municipality () is a municipality in Norrbotten County in northern Sweden. The seat is in Älvsbyn.


title: Överkalix Municipality

paragraphs: Överkalix Municipality () is a municipality in Norrbotten County in northern Sweden. The seat is in Överkalix.


title: Övertorneå Municipality

paragraphs: Övertorneå Municipality () is a municipality in Norrbotten County in northern Sweden. The seat is in Övertorneå.


title: Bjurholm Municipality

paragraphs: Bjurholm Municipality () is a municipality in Västerbotten County in northern Sweden. The seat is in Bjurholm.


title: Åsele Municipality

paragraphs: Åsele Municipality () is a municipality in Västerbotten County in northern Sweden. The seat is in Åsele.


title: Dorotea Municipality

paragraphs: Dorotea Municipality () is a municipality in Västerbotten County in northern Sweden. The seat is in Dorotea.


title: Vilhelmina Municipality

paragraphs: Vilhelmina Municipality () is a municipality in Västerbotten County in northern Sweden. The seat is in Vilhelmina and it has 3 657 inhabitants (31 December 2010).


title: Sorsele Municipality

paragraphs: Sorsele Municipality () is a municipality in Västerbotten County in northern Sweden. The seat is in Sorsele.


title: Robertsfors Municipality

paragraphs: Robertsfors Municipality () is a municipality in Västerbotten County in northern Sweden. The seat is in Robertsfors.


title: Nordmaling Municipality

paragraphs: Nordmaling Municipality () is a municipality in Västerbotten County in northern Sweden. The seat is in Nordmaling.


title: Vännäs Municipality

paragraphs: Vännäs Municipality () is a municipality in Västerbotten County in northern Sweden. The seat is in Vännäs.


title: Norsjö Municipality

paragraphs: Norsjö Municipality () is a municipality in Västerbotten County in northern Sweden. The seat is in Norsjö.


title: Malå Municipality

paragraphs: Malå Municipality () is a municipality in Västerbotten County in northern Sweden. The seat is in Malå.


title: Katarina Church

paragraphs: Katarina Church () is a church building in Stockholm, Sweden. It belongs to the Church of Sweden. It was opened in 1695. The church caught fire on 1 May 1723 and 17 May 1990.


title: Sofia Church

paragraphs: Sofia Church () is a church building in Stockholm, Sweden. It belongs to the Church of Sweden. It was opened in 1906, and named after Sofia of Nassau.


title: Maria Magdalena Church

paragraphs: Maria Magdalena Church () is a church building in Stockholm, Sweden. It belongs to the Church of Sweden. It was opened in 1634.


title: William Scranton

paragraphs: William Warren Scranton (July 19, 1917 – July 28, 2013) was an American Republican Party politician.

paragraphs: Scranton served as the 38th Governor of Pennsylvania from 1963 to 1967. From 1976 to 1977, he served as United States Ambassador to the United Nations.

paragraphs: Scranton was born on July 19, 1917 in Madison, Connecticut. He studied at Yale University. Scranton was married to Mary Lowe Chamberlain. They had four children. Scranton died on July 28, 2013 in Santa Barbara, California from a cerebral hemorrhage, aged 96.


title: Klara Church

paragraphs: Klara Church () is a Swedish Evangelical Mission church building in Stockholm, Sweden. It was built in the 16th century.


title: Bradley Whitford

paragraphs: Bradley Whitford (born October 10, 1959 in Madison, Wisconsin) is an American actor. He has played White House Deputy Chief of Staff Josh Lyman on the NBC television drama "The West Wing", Danny Tripp on "Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip", Dan Stark in the Fox police buddy-comedy "The Good Guys", Timothy Carter in the CBS series "The Mentalist", and Eric Gordon in the movie "Billy Madison".


title: The Cabin in the Woods

paragraphs: The Cabin in the Woods is a 2012 American horror movie directed by Drew Goddard and produced by Joss Whedon. It stars Kristen Connolly, Chris Hemsworth, Anna Hutchison, Fran Kranz, Jesse Williams, Bradley Whitford, Richard Jenkins, and Sigourney Weaver. It was released on April 13, 2012 to positive reviews.


title: ParaNorman

paragraphs: ParaNorman is a 2012 American animated comedy horror movie set in Massachusetts. It stars Kodi Smit-McPhee, Jodelle Ferland, Tucker Albrizzi, Anna Kendrick, Casey Affleck, Christopher Mintz-Plasse, Leslie Mann, Jeff Garlin, Bernard Hill, Elaine Stritch, Tempestt Bledsoe, John Goodman, and Alex Borstein. It was released on August 17, 2012. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Animated Film.


title: Richard III, Duke of Normandy

paragraphs: Richard III (1001–1027) was the Duke of Normandy. His short reign of one year opened with a rebellion by his younger brother Robert I and ended with his death.

paragraphs: Richard III was the oldest son of Richard II, Duke of Normandy and his wife Judith of Brittany. He was born . Around the year 1120, Richard's father sent him in command of a large army to rescue his brother-in-law, Reginald I, Count of Burgundy. It was a distance of about 250 miles (400 kilometers) from Normandy. Richard III's capture of the castle of Minamde was enough to convince Bishop Hugh to surrender and release Reginald.

paragraphs: When his father died in August of 1026, as the oldest son, Richard III succeeded him as Duke of Normandy. By all accounts Richard III was accepted by the barons of Normandy and had no problems accepting his new role as duke. Richard III had given his younger son, Robert, the town of Exmes and the county of Hiemois. But once Richard III became duke, his younger brother Robert was not satisfied. He raided the diocese of his uncle Robert II, Archbishop of Rouen. He also captured his brother's city of Falaise. Robert's rebellion lasted through the end of 1026 and into early 1027. Finally Richard III laid to Falaise and brought the walls down. Robert surrendered and promised to be faithful.

paragraphs: Richard III then took the next step; he arranged with king Robert II of France to marry his young daughter, Adelis. She was given rich dowry which included the city and county of Coutances. Even though he was now newly married to a king's daughter, he already had children by a concubine. But unexpectedly Richard III died on 5 or 6 August 1027. He had a son named Nicholas, but the boy was immediately sent to the at Fécamp. With Nicholas out of the way the duchy passed to his Richard III's younger brother Robert, who became the sixth duke of Normandy as Robert I.

paragraphs: In January of 1027 he was married to Adela a younger daughter of Robert II of France and Constance of Arles. After Richard's death Adela secondly married Baldwin V, Count of Flanders.

paragraphs: By an unknown concubine he had at least two children:


title: Tabernacle

paragraphs: The Tabernacle was a tent used in the Book of Exodus as a temple or dwelling place of God. The word is still used in Catholicism for the box in which the Host or Eucharistic bread is kept, and for Non-conformist and Mormon churches.


title: Non-conformism

paragraphs: Non-conformism is a movement within English Protestantism which originated with the Puritans, later called Dissenters. These Christians refused to conform or submit to the rules of the Anglican church for doctrinal reasons, and so formed their own denominations, some Baptist, some Presbyterian.


title: Mora Church

paragraphs: Mora Church () is a church building in Mora in Sweden. It belongs to Mora Parish of the Church of Sweden. It is famous for being seen at the Vasaloppet finish line.

paragraphs: The church has also become famous for being near the Vasaloppet finish line.


title: Leksand Municipality

paragraphs: Leksand Municipality () is a municipality in Dalarna County in central Sweden. The seat is in Leksand.


title: Rättvik Municipality

paragraphs: Rättvik Municipality () is a municipality in Dalarna County in central Sweden. The seat is in Rättvik.


title: Munkfors Municipality

paragraphs: Munkfors Municipality () is a municipality in Värmland County in central Sweden. The seat is in Munkfors.


title: Hedemora Municipality

paragraphs: Hedemora Municipality () is a municipality in Dalarna County in central Sweden. The seat is in Hedemora.


title: Smedjebacken Municipality

paragraphs: Smedjebacken Municipality () is a municipality in Dalarna County in central Sweden. The seat is in Smedjebacken.


title: Malung-Sälen Municipality

paragraphs: Malung-Sälen Municipality () is a municipality in Dalarna County in central Sweden. The seat is in Malung.

paragraphs: The municipality was created in 1971. It was originally called Malung Municipality (). In 2007, the Government of Sweden decided to change the name as of 1 January 2008 to promote the ski resort of Sälen.


title: Fagersta Municipality

paragraphs: Fagersta Municipality () is a municipality in Västmanland County in central Sweden. The seat is in Fagersta.


title: Filipstad Municipality

paragraphs: Filipstad Municipality () is a municipality in Värmland County in central Sweden. The seat is in Filipstad.


title: Åmål Municipality

paragraphs: Åmål Municipality () is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Åmål.


title: Mellerud Municipality

paragraphs: Mellerud Municipality () is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Mellerud.


title: Putney

paragraphs: Putney is a rich area of the London Borough of Wandsworth in south-west London. Its postcode is SW15. It is bordered to the north by the River Thames. It is easily accessible from Putney Bridge and the A3 main road; it has good connections to central London. The school Putney High is found on Putney Hill.


title: Kil Municipality

paragraphs: Kil Municipality () is a municipality in Värmland County in central Sweden. The seat is in Kil.


title: Grums Municipality

paragraphs: Grums Municipality () is a municipality in Värmland County in central Sweden. The seat is in Grums.


title: Forshaga Municipality

paragraphs: Forshaga Municipality () is a municipality in Värmland County in central Sweden. The seat is in Forshaga.


title: Hagfors Municipality

paragraphs: Hagfors Municipality () is a municipality in Värmland County in central Sweden. The seat is in Hagfors.


title: Torsby Municipality

paragraphs: Torsby Municipality () is a municipality in Värmland County in central Sweden. The seat is in Torsby.


title: Storfors Municipality

paragraphs: Storfors Municipality () is a municipality in Värmland County in central Sweden. The seat is in Storfors.


title: Eda Municipality

paragraphs: Eda Municipality () is a municipality in Värmland County in central Sweden. The seat is in Charlottenberg.


title: Säffle Municipality

paragraphs: Säffle Municipality () is a municipality in Värmland County in central Sweden. The seat is in Säffle.


title: Årjäng Municipality

paragraphs: Årjäng Municipality () is a municipality in Värmland County in central Sweden. The seat is in Årjäng.


title: Hammarö Municipality

paragraphs: Hammarö Municipality () is a municipality in Värmland County in central Sweden. The seat is in Skoghall.


title: Avesta Municipality

paragraphs: Avesta Municipality () is a municipality in Dalarna County in central Sweden. The seat is in Avesta.


title: Ludvika Municipality

paragraphs: Ludvika Municipality () is a municipality in Dalarna County in central Sweden. The seat is in Ludvika.


title: Gagnef Municipality

paragraphs: Gagnef Municipality () is a municipality in Dalarna County in central Sweden. The seat is in Gagnef.


title: Orsa Municipality

paragraphs: Orsa Municipality () is a municipality in Dalarna County in central Sweden. The seat is in Orsa.


title: English Electric Canberra

paragraphs: The English Electric Canberra is a famous twin-turbojet British-Australian military aircraft. Originally designed and built as a bomber, it was later modified for reconnaissance and electronic warfare. It was used in the United Kingdom by the Royal Air Force, Fleet Air Arm, and the Royal Aircraft Establishment. Other operators are Argentina, Australia, Chile, Ecuador, Ethiopia, France, India, New Zealand, Peru, Rhodesia, South Africa, Sweden, Venezuela, West Germany, and Zimbabwe.

paragraphs: USA bought two aircrafts for aerial tests. English Electric Canberra was the basis of the Martin B-57 light bomber.


title: Vansbro Municipality

paragraphs: Vansbro Municipality () is a municipality in Dalarna County in central Sweden. The seat is in Vansbro.


title: Säter Municipality

paragraphs: Säter Municipality () is a municipality in Dalarna County in central Sweden. The seat is in Säter.


title: Älvdalen Municipality

paragraphs: Älvdalen Municipality () is a municipality in Dalarna County in central Sweden. The seat is in Älvdalen.


title: Kungsör Municipality

paragraphs: Kungsör Municipality () is a municipality in Västmanland County in central Sweden. The seat is in Kungsör.


title: Köping Municipality

paragraphs: Köping Municipality () is a municipality in Västmanland County in central Sweden. The seat is in Köping.


title: Sala Municipality

paragraphs: Sala Municipality () is a municipality in Västmanland County in central Sweden. The seat is in Sala.


title: Skinnskatteberg Municipality

paragraphs: Skinnskatteberg Municipality () is a municipality in Västmanland County in central Sweden. The seat is in Skinnskatteberg.


title: Norberg Municipality

paragraphs: Norberg Municipality () is a municipality in Västmanland County in central Sweden. The seat is in Norberg.


title: Sundbyberg Municipality

paragraphs: Sundbyberg Municipality () is a municipality in Stockholm County in central Sweden. The seat is in Sundbyberg.


title: Martin B-57 Canberra

paragraphs: The Martin B-57 Canberra is a U.S. licence built variant of the English Electric Canberra. Two variants were built for aerial reconnaissance and electronic warfare. The US Air Force used it in the Vietnam War. Pakistan was its single foreign operator.


title: Strängnäs Municipality

paragraphs: Strängnäs Municipality () is a municipality in Södermanland County in central Sweden. The seat is in Strängnäs.


title: Norrtälje Municipality

paragraphs: Norrtälje Municipality () is a municipality in Stockholm County in lower Sweden. The seat is in Norrtälje.


title: Botkyrka Municipality

paragraphs: Botkyrka Municipality () is a municipality in Stockholm County in central Sweden. The seat is in Tumba.


title: Haninge Municipality

paragraphs: Haninge Municipality () is a municipality in Stockholm County in central Sweden. The seat is in Handen.


title: Huddinge Municipality

paragraphs: Huddinge Municipality () is a municipality in Stockholm County in central Sweden. The seat is in Huddinge.


title: Salem Municipality

paragraphs: Salem Municipality () is a municipality in Stockholm County in central Sweden. The seat is in Salem.


title: Mjölby Municipality

paragraphs: Mjölby Municipality () is a municipality in Östergötland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Mjölby.


title: British Aircraft Corporation TSR-2

paragraphs: The British Aircraft Corporation TSR-2 is a British military aircraft. It was a bomber project for the Royal Air Force. It was designed and built to carry a nuclear bomb. It was powered by the same kind of turbojets as the Concorde. Only one prototype was flown.


title: Fieseler Fi 156 Storch

paragraphs: The Fieseler Fi 156 Storch is a light single-engine twin-seat aircraft. It was built in Nazi Germany for Luftwaffe. It was used as light liaisons and communication duties in World War II. Some were used for reconnaissance. After the war it was built under licence in France as Morane Saulnier MS-500 Criquet.


title: Dewoitine D.520

paragraphs: The Dewoitine D.520 is a French fighter aircraft. Its first flight was in 1938. It was, with the Morane Saulnier MS.406, the main fighter aircraft used by the French Air Force at the beginning of World War II. It was used in the Battle of France against Nazi Germany Luftwaffe fighters like Messerschmitt Bf 109. After the 1940s French defeat, some of there were delivered to Bulgaria and Luftwaffe.


title: Heby Municipality

paragraphs: Heby Municipality () is a municipality in Uppsala County in central Sweden. The seat is in Heby.

paragraphs: Before 1 January 2007, the municipality was part of Västmanland County.


title: Tierp Municipality

paragraphs: Tierp Municipality () is a municipality in Uppsala County in central Sweden. The seat is in Tierp.


title: Östhammar Municipality

paragraphs: Östhammar Municipality () is a municipality in Uppsala County in central Sweden. The seat is in Östhammar.


title: Laxå Municipality

paragraphs: Laxå Municipality () is a municipality in Örebro County in central Sweden. The seat is in Laxå.


title: Hällefors Municipality

paragraphs: Hällefors Municipality () is a municipality in Örebro County in central Sweden. The seat is in Hällefors.


title: Ljusnarsberg Municipality

paragraphs: Ljusnarsberg Municipality () is a municipality in Örebro County in central Sweden. The seat is in Kopparberg.


title: Karkkila

paragraphs: Karkkila is a city in Finland. About 9,111 people lived there as of 31 May 2013. Nearby municipalities include Lohja, Loppi, Tammela and Vihti.

paragraphs: Ahmoo, Alimmainen, Haavisto (Karkkila), Järvenpää (Karkkila), Karkkila, Nyhkälälä, Siikala, Tuorila, Vaskijärvi (village), Vattola and Vuotinainen.


title: Lekeberg Municipality

paragraphs: Lekeberg Municipality () is a municipality in Örebro County in central Sweden. The seat is in Fjugesta.


title: Kumla Municipality

paragraphs: Kumla Municipality () is a municipality in Örebro County in central Sweden. The seat is in Kumla.


title: Hallsberg Municipality

paragraphs: Hallsberg Municipality () is a municipality in Örebro County in central Sweden. The seat is in Hallsberg.


title: Finspång Municipality

paragraphs: Finspång Municipality () is a municipality in Östergötland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Finspång.


title: Gullspång Municipality

paragraphs: Gullspång Municipality () is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Gullspång and Hova.


title: Flen Municipality

paragraphs: Flen Municipality () is a municipality in Södermanland County in central Sweden. The seat is in Flen.


title: Nokia, Finland

paragraphs: Nokia is a town in Pirkanmaa, Finland. About 32,700 people lived there as of January 2014. Nearby municipalities include Hämeenkyrö, Pirkkala, Sastamala, Tampere, Vesilahti and Ylöjärvi.

paragraphs: Nokia is an industrial city and where products of many Finnish brands are made. The most notable is Nokia, which makes information technology products. In 2013, Nokia reported that it would sell its mobile phone division to Microsoft.


title: Todd Orlando

paragraphs: Todd Orlando (born July 26, 1986) is an American professional ice hockey defenseman. He is currently playing with the Elmira Jackals of the East Coast Hockey League. Orlando was born in Clinton Township, Michigan. His playing height is 6 ft 8 inches, his weight is 237 lbs, and he shoots left.

paragraphs: Todd Orlando grew up playing in and around the Detroit area. Orlando started his Junior "A" career in Detroit in the Central States Hockey League with the Michigan Metro Jets. Todd then moved on the play two seasons in Sarnia for the Sarnia (Ontario) Blast of the Western Ontario Hockey League. Todd's time with the Sarnia Blast set the tone for Todd's physical style of play.

paragraphs: Orlando played one season of collegiate hockey 2007-2008 for Oakland University (Rochester, Michigan). Todd was a standout defenseman for the Golden Grizzlies.

paragraphs: In July 2010, Todd Orlando was invited to participate in the NHL New York Rangers prospects camp at Madison Square Gardens in New York City. That year Todd also had a tryout with the Allen Americans of the Central Hockey League and later signed a contract with the Cincinnati Cylones of the East Coast League. The 2011-2012 season saw Orlando playing in Finland, first for Kokkola, and then for Hermes.

paragraphs: Todd signed a contract in August 2012 to play for the Alaska Aces of the East Coast Hockey League. Later in 2012-2013, Orlando played a combined 27 pro games, first for the Denver Cutthroats of the Central Hockey League, and finishing the 2012-2013 season playing for the Wheeling Nailers of the East Coast Hockey League.

paragraphs: In August 2013, Todd Orlando accepted an invitation to attend the main NHL training camp of the Philadelphia Flyers 2013-14 team with the training camp beginning on September 11, 2013. An injury suffered at the Flyers training camp forced Todd to leave camp early. Orlando did not play during the 2013-14 season.

paragraphs: On October 15, 2014, Todd Orlando signed a pro contract to play for the Elmira Jackals of the East Coast Hockey League for the 2014-2015 season.


title: Rave

paragraphs: A rave is a large party or festival with disc jockeys playing electronic music. Music played at raves include house, trance, techno, drum and bass, dubstep and other forms of electronic dance music (EDM). There is a lot of dancing. Raves also have laser light shows, projected images and other visual effects used to create a fantasy-like scene. Raves mostly developed from acid house music parties in the mid-to-late 1980s in England and Ibiza. From there, it quickly spread to mainland Europe and the United States.

paragraphs: Raves are usually organised and promoted by event companies. Some of the early companies promoting raves in England during the 1990s were Fantazia and Helter Skelter. Another was ESP Promotions, which held a series of raves named "Dreamscape". In London, there were a few large clubs that held raves on a regular basis.


title: I'm So Excited

paragraphs: I'm So Excited is a Spanish comedy movie of 2013. The movie is about two bisexual pilots, Benito and Alex, and several homosexual stewards. During an airplane ride which could determine the remainder of their lives, an unchecked portion of the plane leaves them without part of the landing gear. This movie was released in summer 2013 in the United States.

paragraphs: The director of this movie is Pedro Almodóvar. This movie received mixed to positive review by critics. Its title comes from a Pointer Sisters hit song.


title: Sälen

paragraphs: Sälen [sæːlen] is a ski resort in Sweden. It is in Malung-Sälen Municipality in Dalarna County. It had 652 people living there in 2010.

paragraphs: The starting line for Vasaloppet is held in Sälen.


title: Boxholm Municipality

paragraphs: Boxholm Municipality () is a municipality in Östergötland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Boxholm.


title: The Other Woman (2014 movie)

paragraphs: The Other Woman is a 2014 American comedy movie. Cameron Diaz, Leslie Mann and Kate Upton star in the movie. It is the first film Nicki Minaj has acted in. It was released in North America on April 25, 2014 by 20th Century Fox. It is about a woman (played by Diaz) who finds out that her boyfriend is married to another woman (played by Mann). Both women later find out that he is also having an affair with a younger woman (played by Upton).


title: Vaxholm Municipality

paragraphs: Vaxholm Municipality () is a municipality in Stockholm County in central Sweden. The seat is in Vaxholm.


title: Nynäshamn Municipality

paragraphs: Nynäshamn Municipality () is a municipality in Stockholm County in central Sweden. The seat is in Nynäshamn.


title: Edge of Tomorrow

paragraphs: Edge of Tomorrow is an action and science fiction movie. The subject is humanity at war. Tom Cruise and Bill Paxton star in the movie. "Edge of Tomorrow" is distributed by Warner Brothers. The movie was released on June 6, 2014 in Canada and the United States.


title: Danderyd Municipality

paragraphs: Danderyd Municipality () is a municipality in Stockholm County in central Sweden. The seat is in Danderyd.


title: Gurdas Maan

paragraphs: Gurdas Maan () is a Punjabi singer-songwriter and actor. His song "dil da maamla hai" was a national success in 1980. He acted in many movies like "Shaheed-e-Mohabbat Boota Singh".


title: Nacka Municipality

paragraphs: Nacka Municipality () is a municipality in Stockholm County in central Sweden. The seat is in Nacka.


title: Sollentuna Municipality

paragraphs: Sollentuna Municipality () is a municipality in Stockholm County in central Sweden. The seat is in Tureberg.


title: Vallentuna Municipality

paragraphs: Vallentuna Municipality () is a municipality in Stockholm County in central Sweden. The seat is in Vallentuna.


title: Tyresö Municipality

paragraphs: Tyresö Municipality () is a municipality in Stockholm County in central Sweden. The seat is in Tyresö.


title: Ekerö Municipality

paragraphs: Ekerö Municipality () is a municipality in Stockholm County in central Sweden. The seat is in Ekerö.


title: Sölvesborg Municipality

paragraphs: Sölvesborg Municipality () is a municipality in Blekinge County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Sölvesborg.


title: Järfälla Municipality

paragraphs: Järfälla Municipality () is a municipality in Stockholm County in central Sweden. The seat is in Jakobsberg.


title: Österåker Municipality

paragraphs: Österåker Municipality () is a municipality in Stockholm County in central Sweden. The seat is in Åkersberga.


title: Täby Municipality

paragraphs: Täby Municipality () is a municipality in Stockholm County in central Sweden. The seat is in Täby.


title: Värmdö Municipality

paragraphs: Värmdö Municipality () is a municipality in Stockholm County in central Sweden. The seat is in Gustavsberg.


title: Upplands Väsby Municipality

paragraphs: Upplands Väsby Municipality () is a municipality in Stockholm County in central Sweden. The seat is in Upplands Väsby.


title: Upplands-Bro Municipality

paragraphs: Upplands-Bro Municipality () is a municipality in Stockholm County in central Sweden. The seat is in Kungsängen.


title: Vingåker Municipality

paragraphs: Vingåker Municipality () is a municipality in Södermanland County in central Sweden. The seat is in Vingåker.


title: Sekai no Owari

paragraphs: The origin of this band's name is that when Fukase broke down and felt like end of the world, he realized he only had music and friends. So, he thought he would start from end and named his band "SEKAI NO OWARI"

paragraphs: They are friends from preschool to high school,but Saori is a year younger. The current DJ LOVE is the second. The first DJ LOVE left the band because he wanted to play different music. They started the band in 2006 in the "club EARTH" which they made themselves. In 2010,"The life of illusion"is first hit. Nowadays, they play the music all over the world.


title: Trosa Municipality

paragraphs: Trosa Municipality () is a municipality in Södermanland County in central Sweden. The seat is in Trosa.


title: Gnesta Municipality

paragraphs: Gnesta Municipality () is a municipality in Södermanland County in central Sweden. The seat is in Gnesta.


title: Tokyo Broadcasting System

paragraphs: Tokyo Broadcasting System is a television company in Tokyo, Japan. It is a parent company of a television network named Tokyo Broadcasting System Television, Inc. and radio network named TBS Radio & Communications, Inc.


title: Celestial coordinate system

paragraphs: A celestial coordinate system is a coordinate system that helps astronomers specify the location of objects in the sky. These objects may be stars, planets or even satellites. There are several such coordinate systems listed below. All of them are spherical.

paragraphs: The fundamental plane divides the celestial sphere into two equal hemispheres and defines the baseline for the latitudinal coordinates, similar to the equator in the geographic coordinate system. The poles are located at ±90° from the fundamental plane. The primary direction is the starting point of the longitudinal coordinates.

paragraphs: These are common coordinate systems used by the astronomical community:

paragraphs: The horizontal system is based on the position of the observer on Earth. It is a useful coordinate system for finding and tracking objects for observers on Earth. It is based on the position of stars relative to an observer's true or ideal horizon.

paragraphs: The equatorial coordinates are based on the position of stars relative to the Earth's equator. Imagine the Earth's equator extended out to an infinite distance. The equatorial describes the sky as seen from the solar system. "Modern star maps almost exclusively use equatorial coordinates".

paragraphs: The fundamental plane is the plane of the Earth's orbit, also called the ecliptic plane. There are two versions: the geocentric ecliptic coordinates centred on the Earth, and heliocentric ecliptic coordinates centred on the centre of mass of the solar system.

paragraphs: The geocentric ecliptic system was the principal coordinate system for ancient astronomy and is still useful for computing the apparent motions of the Sun, Moon, and planets.

paragraphs: The heliocentric ecliptic system describes the planets' orbital movement around the Sun, and centres on the barycenter of the solar system. This is very close to the centre of the Sun). The system is mainly used for computing the positions of planets and other solar system bodies, and their orbits.

paragraphs: The galactic coordinate system uses the approximate plane of our galaxy as its fundamental plane. The solar system is still the centre of the coordinate system, and the zero point is defined as the direction towards the galactic centre. 'Galactic latitude' means, roughly, the elevation above the galactic plane. 'Galactic longitude' is the direction relative to the centre of the galaxy.

paragraphs: The supergalactic coordinate system is a fundamental plane with a higher than average number of local galaxies in the sky as seen from Earth.

paragraphs: There is standard software which does the calculations:


title: Essunga Municipality

paragraphs: Essunga Municipality () is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Nossebro.


title: Vara Municipality

paragraphs: Vara Municipality () is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Vara.


title: Vadstena Municipality

paragraphs: Vadstena Municipality () is a municipality in Östergötland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Vadstena.


title: Ödeshög Municipality

paragraphs: Ödeshög Municipality () is a municipality in Östergötland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Ödeshög.


title: Åtvidaberg Municipality

paragraphs: Åtvidaberg Municipality () is a municipality in Östergötland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Åtvidaberg.


title: Kinda Municipality

paragraphs: Kinda Municipality () is a municipality in Östergötland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Kisa.


title: Ydre Municipality

paragraphs: Ydre Municipality () is a municipality in Östergötland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Österbymo.


title: Varberg Municipality

paragraphs: Varberg Municipality () is a municipality in Halland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Varberg.


title: Falkenberg Municipality

paragraphs: Falkenberg Municipality () is a municipality in Halland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Falkenberg.


title: Hylte Municipality

paragraphs: Hylte Municipality () is a municipality in Halland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Hyltebruk.


title: Kungsbacka Municipality

paragraphs: Kungsbacka Municipality () is a municipality in Halland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Kungsbacka.


title: Laholm Municipality

paragraphs: Laholm Municipality () is a municipality in Halland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Laholm.


title: Kungälv Municipality

paragraphs: Kungälv Municipality () is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Kungälv.


title: Mölndal Municipality

paragraphs: Mölndal Municipality () is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Mölndal.


title: Orust Municipality

paragraphs: Orust Municipality () is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Henån.


title: Tjörn Municipality

paragraphs: Tjörn Municipality () is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Skärhamn.


title: Tjörn

paragraphs: Tjörn is an island on the west coast of Sweden. Tjörn is part of Tjörn Municipality. The island is the 6th largest in Sweden.


title: Värmdö

paragraphs: Värmdö is an island close to Stockholm, on the east coast of Sweden. Most of Värmdö is part of Värmdö Municipality, while the western parts are in Nacka Municipality.


title: Valdemarsvik Municipality

paragraphs: Valdemarsvik Municipality () is a municipality in Östergötland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Valdemarsvik.


title: Nybro Municipality

paragraphs: Nybro Municipality () is a municipality in Kalmar County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Nybro.


title: Torsås Municipality

paragraphs: Torsås Municipality () is a municipality in Kalmar County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Torsås.


title: Mönsterås Municipality

paragraphs: Mönsterås Municipality () is a municipality in Kalmar County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Mönsterås.


title: Högsby Municipality

paragraphs: Högsby Municipality () is a municipality in Kalmar County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Högsby.


title: Hultsfred Municipality

paragraphs: Hultsfred Municipality () is a municipality in Kalmar County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Hultsfred.


title: Älmhult Municipality

paragraphs: Älmhult Municipality () is a municipality in Kronoberg County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Älmhult.


title: Alvesta Municipality

paragraphs: Alvesta Municipality () is a municipality in Kronoberg County in southern Sweden and the seat is in Alvesta.


title: Tingsryd Municipality

paragraphs: Tingsryd Municipality () is a municipality in Kronoberg County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Tingsryd.


title: Ljungby Municipality

paragraphs: Ljungby Municipality () is a municipality in Kronoberg County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Ljungby.


title: Lessebo Municipality

paragraphs: Lessebo Municipality () is a municipality in Kronoberg County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Lessebo.


title: Markaryd Municipality

paragraphs: Markaryd Municipality () is a municipality in Kronoberg County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Markaryd.


title: Strömstad Municipality

paragraphs: Strömstad Municipality () is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Strömstad.


title: Tanum Municipality

paragraphs: Tanum Municipality () is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Tanumshede.


title: Pays de Caux

paragraphs: The Pays de Caux () is an area in Normandy, France. It makes up the greater part of the French "département" of Seine Maritime in Normandy. It is a chalk plateau to the north of the Seine Estuary and extends to the cliffs on the English Channel coast. Its coastline is called the Côte d'Albâtre. In the east, it borders on the Pays de Bray where the layers of soil below the chalk show through.

paragraphs: The area depends on manufacturing more than as agriculture. Even so, the soil quality of the Pays de Caux is the finest in France. It is also known for its fine fabrics.

paragraphs: Cauchois is a dialect of the Norman language. The Pays de Caux is one of the last places outside the Cotentin Peninsula where the Norman language is spoken. Its main cities are Le Havre, Dieppe, Fécamp, Yvetot and Étretat.

paragraphs: In the Norman language "caux" means lime, calcium carbonate.

paragraphs: The scenery of the Pays de Caux is only a short distance from Paris. Artists including Claude Monet and Gustave Courbet came there to paint.


title: Pays de Bray

paragraphs: The Pays de Bray is a small natural region of France. It is northeast of Rouen and is in the French départements of the Seine-Maritime and Oise. It was in the historic of Normandy and Picardy since 911. The landscape is mainly bocage, a land use which has to do with its clay soil. This makes it suitable for pasture for the raising of dairy cattle. It produces famous butters and cheeses such as Neuchâtel.


title: Israel National Trail

paragraphs: Israel National Trail (, "Shvil Yisra'el") is a hiking trail for hikers and backpackers that crosses the whole of Israel. In 2016 will be opened another path for bicycles that crosses Israel.


title: Cakka Nuraga

paragraphs: Cakka Nuraga (born August 18, 1998 in Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia) is a pop and rock Indonesian singer and actor. Cakka career as a singer began when Cakka pageant television talent search "Idola Cilik 2" and he was eliminated in the 7 finalists. Cakka is currently making a rock band named "The Finest Tree's"


title: Bocage

paragraphs: Bocage [boh-kahzh] is a Norman word which has found its way into both the French and English languages. It may refer to a small forest or a that includes leaves. But most often it refers to pastures bordered by thick forest or hedges. The trees and hedges around the pastures or fields are planted in earth . Between the planted mounds are sunken lanes. The word bocage forms part of the name for several towns in parts of Lower Normandy. The term Bocage Normandy refers to the area around Saint-Lô and Vire.

paragraphs: During World War II following the Allied Invasion of Normandy, the allies found themselves in 'hedgerow country' (bocage). It was ideal for German troops to hide in and not be seen until it was too late. The hedgerows were thick enough to hide tanks and artillery pieces. The final Allied of the bocage into open country took over eight weeks of fighting.


title: International Academy of Architecture

paragraphs: The International Academy of Architecture is a non-profit organization. It has as a special status in the United Nations Economic and Social Council. The Academy is located in Sofia, Bulgaria.


title: World Architecture Festival

paragraphs: The World Architecture Festival is an international festival dedicated to architecture. The festival started in 2008 in Barcelona. It has since then has been held in Singapore.


title: World Urbanism Day

paragraphs: The World Urbanism Day is an internatonal event held every year on 8 November in 30 countries. The event was established in 1949 by the University of Buenos Aires.


title: Kittur Chennamma

paragraphs: Kitturu Rani Chennamma (; born 14th November 1778 in Kittur, Karnataka – died 21 February 1829) was the Queen of the princely state of Kittur, in what is now India. She was best known for leading an armed rebellion against the British East India Company in 1824. This was 33 years before the 1857 war of independence. The British were going to take control of Kittur under the doctrine of lapse, because there was no male heir. The resistance ended with her martyrdom and she is remembered today as one of the earliest Indian rulers to have fought for independence. Along with Abbakka Rani, Keladi Chennamma and Onake Obavva she is much venerated in Karnataka as an icon of bravery and women’s pride.


title: Surface-mount technology

paragraphs: Surface-mount technology (SMT) uses electronic devices that are made to be placed directly onto the surface of printed circuit boards (PCBs).

paragraphs: Examples of surface-mount devices are resistors, capacitors, LEDs and integrated circuits. Surface mounted devices are generally smaller than those used in the older through-hole technology, which need longer leads and holes in the circuit board.


title: Herzliya Interdisciplinary Center

paragraphs: Herzliya Interdisciplinary Center is an international college in Herzliya, Israel.


title: University of Buenos Aires

paragraphs: University of Buenos Aires is a university in Buenos Aires, Argentina.


title: Through-hole technology

paragraphs: Through-hole technology is a way to mount electronic components to printed circuit boards (PCB).

paragraphs: It involves the use of leads on the components that are inserted into holes drilled in the PCBs and soldered to pads on the opposite side either by manual assembly (handiwork) or by the use of automated insertion mount machines.

paragraphs: Many parts made for through hole mounting are larger than those for surface-mount technology.


title: Munkedal Municipality

paragraphs: Munkedal Municipality () is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Munkedal.


title: Lysekil Municipality

paragraphs: Lysekil Municipality () is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Lysekil.


title: Bengtsfors Municipality

paragraphs: Bengtsfors Municipality () is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Bengtsfors.


title: Örkelljunga Municipality

paragraphs: Örkelljunga Municipality () is a municipality in Skåne County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Örkelljunga.


title: Dals-Ed Municipality

paragraphs: Dals-Ed Municipality () is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Ed.


title: Färgelanda Municipality

paragraphs: Färgelanda Municipality () is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Färgelanda.


title: Sotenäs Municipality

paragraphs: Sotenäs Municipality () is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Kungshamn.


title: Lilla Edet Municipality

paragraphs: Lilla Edet Municipality () is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Lilla Edet.


title: Uddevalla Municipality

paragraphs: Uddevalla Municipality () is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Uddevalla.


title: Partille Municipality

paragraphs: Partille Municipality () is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Partille.


title: Ale Municipality

paragraphs: Ale Municipality () is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Nödinge-Nol.


title: Lerum Municipality

paragraphs: Lerum Municipality () is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Lerum.


title: Alingsås Municipality

paragraphs: Alingsås Municipality () is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Alingsås.


title: Filter (electronics)

paragraphs: Electronic filters are electrical circuits which perform signal processing functions, specifically to remove unwanted frequency components from the signal, to enhance wanted ones, or both. Electronic filters can be:

paragraphs: The most common types of electronic filters are linear filters, regardless of other aspects of their design. Digital filters use a Fourier transform.


title: Bjuv Municipality

paragraphs: Bjuv Municipality () is a municipality in Skåne County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Bjuv.


title: Ängelholm Municipality

paragraphs: Ängelholm Municipality () is a municipality in Skåne County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Ängelholm.


title: Eslöv Municipality

paragraphs: Eslöv Municipality () is a municipality in Skåne County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Eslöv.


title: Staffanstorp Municipality

paragraphs: Staffanstorp Municipality () is a municipality in Skåne County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Staffanstorp.


title: Trelleborg Municipality

paragraphs: Trelleborg Municipality () is a municipality in Skåne County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Trelleborg.


title: Bromölla Municipality

paragraphs: Bromölla Municipality () is a municipality in Skåne County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Bromölla.


title: Lund Municipality

paragraphs: Lund Municipality () is a municipality in Skåne County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Lund.


title: Lomma Municipality

paragraphs: Lomma Municipality () is a municipality in Skåne County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Lomma.


title: Osby Municipality

paragraphs: Osby Municipality () is a municipality in Skåne County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Osby.


title: Tomelilla Municipality

paragraphs: Tomelilla Municipality () is a municipality in Skåne County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Tomelilla.


title: Svedala Municipality

paragraphs: Svedala Municipality () is a municipality in Skåne County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Svedala.


title: Klippan Municipality

paragraphs: Klippan Municipality () is a municipality in Skåne County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Klippan.


title: Åstorp Municipality

paragraphs: Åstorp Municipality () is a municipality in Skåne County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Åstorp.


title: Kävlinge Municipality

paragraphs: Kävlinge Municipality () is a municipality in Skåne County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Kävlinge.


title: Östra Göinge Municipality

paragraphs: Östra Göinge Municipality () is a municipality in Skåne County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Broby.


title: Vellinge Municipality

paragraphs: Vellinge Municipality () is a municipality in Skåne County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Vellinge.


title: Båstad Municipality

paragraphs: Båstad Municipality () is a municipality in Skåne County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Båstad.


title: Burlöv Municipality

paragraphs: Burlöv Municipality () is a municipality in Skåne County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Arlöv.


title: Simrishamn Municipality

paragraphs: Simrishamn Municipality () is a municipality in Skåne County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Simrishamn.


title: Skurup Municipality

paragraphs: Skurup Municipality () is a municipality in Skåne County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Skurup.


title: Perstorp Municipality

paragraphs: Perstorp Municipality () is a municipality in Skåne County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Perstorp.


title: Highway 1 (Israel)

paragraphs: Highway 1 (, "Kvish Ahat") is a road from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem. It passes through Israel and the West Bank. It ends at the border with Jordan.


title: Hässleholm Municipality

paragraphs: Hässleholm Municipality () is a municipality in Skåne County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Hässleholm.


title: Svalöv Municipality

paragraphs: Svalöv Municipality () is a municipality in Skåne County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Svalöv.


title: Höganäs Municipality

paragraphs: Höganäs Municipality () is a municipality in Skåne County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Höganäs.


title: Hörby Municipality

paragraphs: Hörby Municipality () is a municipality in Skåne County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Hörby.


title: Höör Municipality

paragraphs: Höör Municipality () is a municipality in Skåne County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Höör.


title: Sjöbo Municipality

paragraphs: Sjöbo Municipality () is a municipality in Skåne County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Sjöbo. In 1988, there was a controversial referendum in the municipality, where the majority said no to admitting foreign refugees.


title: Highway 2 (Israel)

paragraphs: Highway 2 (, "Kvish 2") also called the Coast Road, is a highway in Israel along the north coast of the Mediterranean Sea. It connects Tel Aviv and Haifa.


title: Tranemo Municipality

paragraphs: Tranemo Municipality () is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Tranemo.


title: Tibro Municipality

paragraphs: Tibro Municipality () is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Tibro.


title: Herrljunga Municipality

paragraphs: Herrljunga Municipality () is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Herrljunga.


title: Mark Municipality

paragraphs: Mark Municipality () is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Kinna.


title: Svenljunga Municipality

paragraphs: Svenljunga Municipality () is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Svenljunga.


title: Grästorp Municipality

paragraphs: Grästorp Municipality () is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Grästorp.


title: Vårgårda Municipality

paragraphs: Vårgårda Municipality () is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Vårgårda.


title: Götene Municipality

paragraphs: Götene Municipality () is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Götene.


title: Töreboda Municipality

paragraphs: Töreboda Municipality () is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Töreboda.


title: Highway 20 (Israel)

paragraphs: Ayalon Highway (, pronounced: ""Netivei Ayalon"", lit. "Ayalon Routes") is a highway system in the Tel Aviv Metropolitan Area. The main road goes through Tel Aviv and is called Highway 20. The road starts in HaMa'apilim Interchange near the cities Kfar Shmaryahu, Herzliya, Ramat HaSharon. It ends at Holot Interchange in Gan Sorek. It goes through the cities of Bat Yam, Holon and Rishon LeZion. It meets Highway 4. A railway line runs along the road with a major train station inside the gates road. In central Tel Aviv, the road passes a canal of the Ayalon River.


title: Härryda Municipality

paragraphs: Härryda Municipality () is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Mölnlycke.


title: Begin Road

paragraphs: Begin Road (, Begin Boulevard, Sderot Begin), also called Menachem Begin Expressway or Begin Highway, is an urban highway crossing western Jerusalem from north to south. It is named after Israel's sixth Prime Minister, Menachem Begin. The road starts at Atarot Junction and ends in HaMinharot Interchange. It connects to Road 60.


title: International Union of Architects

paragraphs: International Union of Architects (, or UIA) is an international organization of architects. The organization is based in Paris, France.


title: Benedicta Boccoli

paragraphs: Benedicta Boccoli (born in Milan, 11 November 1966) is an Italian actress. She performs mostly on stage.

paragraphs: She starred also in movies including "Gli angeli di Borsellino" (2003), "Valzer" (2007) and "Pietralata" (2008).


title: Tage Erlander

paragraphs: Tage Erlander (born 13 June 1901 in Ransäter, died 21 June 1985 in Huddinge) was a Swedish politician. He was a member of the Swedish Social Democratic Party. He was the Prime Minister of Sweden from October 1946 to October 1969.


title: Per Albin Hansson

paragraphs: Per Albin Hansson (born 28 October 1885 in Kulladal, died 6 October 1946 in Stockholm) was a Swedish politician. He was a member of the Swedish Social Democratic Party and promoted policy of welfare state. He was the Prime Minister of Sweden from 24 September 1932 to 6 October 1946, except for a short period in mid-1936.


title: Rona Anderson

paragraphs: Rona Anderson (3 August 1926 – 23 July 2013) was a Scottish actress. She was known for her roles in "Whose Life Is It Anyway?", "Sleeping Car to Trieste", "The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie", and "Floodtide".

paragraphs: Anderson was born on 3 August 1926 in Edinburgh, Scotland. She was raised in Ottawa, Canada. Anderson was married to Gordon Jackson from 1951 until his death in 1990. They had no children. Anderson died on 23 July 2013 in Edinburgh, Scotland from natural causes, aged 86.


title: Henryk Baranowski

paragraphs: Henryk Baranowski (9 February 1943 – 27 July 2013) was a Polish theatre director and actor. He starred in two episodes of "The Decalogue" series directed by Krzysztof Kieślowski.

paragraphs: Baranowski was born on 9 February 1943 in Tarnopol, Poland (now Ternopil, Ukraine). He studied at the University of Warsaw. His career began in 1969. He retired in 2006. Baranowski died on 27 July 2013 in Warsaw, Poland from an illness, aged 70.


title: Vickers Viscount

paragraphs: The Vickers Viscount is a British airliner. It is a four-turboprop civilian aircraft. It can carry between 65 and 75 passengers. The Vanguard is an enlarged cargo aircraft variant. It was used by Air France, BOAC, United Airlines and many other airlines in the world.


title: Bell P-59 Airacomet

paragraphs: The Bell P-59 Airacomet is an American military aircraft. It was the first fighter jet designed and built in the United States. It was used in World War II against Nazi Germany's Luftwaffe fighters, but it was far below the best enemy aircraft of the time. It was finally replaced in end of 1946 by the Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star. The last one was retired in 1949.


title: Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star

paragraphs: The Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star is an American fighter jet. It made a few flyovers of Germany in the last weeks of the World War II. After this war it was used in Korean War. From 1948 its designation was changed to F-80 Shooting Star.

paragraphs: The United States Air Force was the main operator, but they were also used by Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Uruguay.

paragraphs: This aircraft was the basis of the famous training aircraft T-33 T-Bird and of the F-94 Starfire fighter jet.


title: Dhaka High Court

paragraphs: The Dhaka High Court is a court in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It was created in 1947 under Pakistan (Provisional Constitutional) Order 1947.


title: Training aircraft

paragraphs: A training aircraft, sometimes called a trainer, is an aircraft used to train future pilots and crews of aircraft.


title: Caroline Aigle

paragraphs: Caroline Aigle (12 September 1974 – 21 August 2007) was a French fighter jet pilot. She was born in Montauban. She was the first in France trained to fly a Mirage 2000. She died of a withering melanoma. She was mother of two boys. President of the French Republic Nicolas Sarkozy awarded her the Medal of Aeronautics by posthumous recognition.

paragraphs: A few weeks before her death, she was selected by the European Space Agency for training to be an astronaut.

paragraphs: Caroline Aigle graduates "École Polytechnique" and "École de l'Air".


title: Huun-Huur-Tu

paragraphs: Huun-Huur-Tu (Tuvan: "Хүн Хүртү", "Khün Khürtü") is a music group from Tuva, a Russian Federation republic on the Mongolian border.

paragraphs: Huun Huur Tu performs throat singing, in which the singers sing more than one note at a time. One of the notes sometimes sounds like a flute, whistle or bird, but is actually a person's voice.

paragraphs: The group mostly uses native Tuvan instruments such as the "igil", "khomus" (Tuvan jaw harp), "doshpuluur", and "dünggür" (shaman drum). However, in recent years, the group has started using western instruments, such as the guitar. Huun Huur Tu's music is mostly Tuvan folk music, but they also experiment with Western instruments and electronic music.


title: Guillermo Álvarez Guedes

paragraphs: Guillermo Álvarez Guedes (1928 – July 30, 2013) was a Cuban businessman, writer and comedian.

paragraphs: Guedes was born in Unión de Reyes, Matanzas, Cuba in 1928. He was exiled to Miami, Florida.

paragraphs: Guedes wrote over 20 books. He also had albums, television programs and stand-up comedy appearances. This made him one of the most well-liked entertainers, among both the Hispanic public and fellow entertainers.

paragraphs: On July 30, 2013, Guedes died at his home in the Kendall neighborhood of Miami from a stomach illness.


title: Kim Novak

paragraphs: Kim Novak (born February 13, 1933) is an American actress. She was known for her roles in "Vertigo" (1958), "Middle of the Night" (1959), "The Notorious Landlady" (1962), "Of Human Bondage" (1964), and in "Liebestraum" (1991).

paragraphs: Novak was born on February 13, 1933 in Chicago, Illinois to parents of Czech descent. She studied at David Glasgow Farragut High School and at School of the Art Institute of Chicago.

paragraphs: Novak was married to Richard Johnson from 1965 until they divorced in 1966. Then she was married to Robert Malloy since 1976. They now live in Eagle Point, Oregon. Novak was diagnosed with breast cancer in 2010. She had treatment and has recovered.


title: Jobs (movie)

paragraphs: Jobs is a 2013 American biographical drama movie. The movie was based on the life of Apple Inc. founder Steve Jobs. It stars Ashton Kutcher as Steve Jobs. J. K. Simmons, Matthew Modine, and James Woods also star in the movie. It was released on August 16, 2013.


title: Central bank

paragraphs: A central bank (or reserve bank) manages a state's currency, money supply, and interest rates.

paragraphs: Central banks usually oversee the commercial banks of their country. It issues the national currency, the nation's money. It controls the overall supply of money. In contrast to a commercial bank, a central bank can increase or decrease the amount of money in the nation.

paragraphs: The oldest central bank is the Bank of England. The largest banks are now the European Central Bank (ECB) and the Federal Reserve of the United States.

paragraphs: Central banks usually also have supervisory powers. These powers are meant to prevent bank runs, and to stop commercial banks and other financial institutions doing reckless or fraudulent things. The relation between central banks and governments varies from country to country.

paragraphs: The chief executive of a central bank is normally known as the Governor, President or Chairman.


title: Lateral line

paragraphs: The lateral line is a system of sense organs found in fish, and not in land vertebrates. It detects movement and vibration in the surrounding water. Modified epithelial cells, known as hair cells, respond to changes around the fish. These turn the changes into electrical impulses which go to their central nervous system.

paragraphs: Lateral lines are used in schooling, predation, and orientation. For example, fish use their lateral line system to follow the vortices produced by fleeing prey. They are faint lines running lengthwise down each side, from the gill covers to the base of the tail.

paragraphs: In some species, the receptive organs of the lateral line have been modified to function as electroreceptors, which are organs used to detect electrical impulses. Most amphibian larvae and some fully aquatic adult amphibians have systems which work a bit like the lateral line.


title: Spherical coordinate system

paragraphs: A spherical coordinate system uses three numbers to identify a point in space.: Usually, two angles, and a distance from the origin of the coordinate system. If the point lies on the sphere, only the two angles are needed, because the distance from the origin is known.

paragraphs: The two angular numbers are related to lines of longitude and latitude on Earth. Earth's longitude is the same as the variable phi, which can be written as either formula_1 or formula_2 The latitude resembles the variable formula_3 (theta), except that some authors define formula_4 to be at the north pole instead of at the equator.


title: Dan Schneider

paragraphs: Dan Schneider (born January 14, 1966 in Memphis, Tennessee) is an American screenwriter, movie producer and actor. On the Internet, he is best known under the name of "DanWarp", because it is easier to remember.

paragraphs: Dan Schneider is the youngest of four brothers and sisters. He went to Harvard University after his high school education and then he took acting courses in the "Memphis State University".

paragraphs: After his first movie role in 1983, he moved to Los Angeles. Since the '90s, he has been producer and author of successful comedy series like "iCarly", "Victorious" and "Sam & Cat". In 2003 he founded his manufacturing company called "Schneider's Bakery". The New York Times said that Scheidner is "the master of a television genre" in 2007.

paragraphs: Schneider lives in Hollywood and since 2002, he has been married with Lisa Lillien, who had a cameo role on the Nickeloden Televison series Zoey 101 in 2005.


title: Safety boot

paragraphs: A safety boot is a boot that has steel to protect the person's toes.


title: National anthem of South Africa

paragraphs: National anthem of South Africa is the official national anthem of South Africa. The lyrics include the five languages of South Africa - Xhosa, Zulu, Sesotho, Afrikaans and English.


title: Rainer Maria Rilke

paragraphs: Rainer Maria Rilke (4 December 1875 – 29 December 1926), was an Austrian poet and writer. His best-known works include the collection of poetry "Duino Elegies", "Sonnets to Orpheus", and the novel "The Notebooks of Malte Laurids Brigge".

paragraphs: Rilke was born in Prague, Austro-Hungarian Empire. Rilke studied literature, art history, and philosophy in Munich and Prague. He travelled widely throughout Europe and North Africa. He died of leukemia in Montreux, Switzerland.


title: Natsume Sōseki

paragraphs: , born , was a Japanese novelist. He is well known around the world for some of the novels he wrote, like "Kokoro", "Botchan" and "I Am a Cat". He was born in Tokyo, Japan. Natsume Soseki graduated from the University of Tokyo, and he was to become a school teacher. Also he was a master of Ryūnosuke Akutagawa.

paragraphs: In Japan, many people think he was the greatest writer in recent Japanese history.


title: Cable tester

paragraphs: Cable tester is a device used used to test cables. It finds breaks, faults or cracks in cabling. Such devices may use electrical pulses or echoes for testing.


title: Impedance matching

paragraphs: In electronics, impedance matching is about connecting two electrical systems of which the impedances differ. Some audio devices use transformers for impedance matching.

paragraphs: The concept of impedance matching is also used in optics.


title: Robert I, Duke of Normandy

paragraphs: Robert the Magnificent () († 1035), was the sixth Duke of Normandy from 1027 until he died returning from a pilgrimage. Robert's reign was a period in the history of Normandy. He was the father of William the Conqueror, who in 1066 became King of England.

paragraphs: Robert was the second son of Richard II of Normandy and Judith. He was probably born between 1005 and 1010.

paragraphs: Their father had decided that the older son, Richard III, would succeed him as duke. Robert would became Count of Hiémois. In August 1026 their father, Richard II, died and Richard III became the fifth duke. But once Richard III began to reign, Robert was not satisfied with his position. He raided the diocese of his uncle Robert II, Archbishop of Rouen. He also captured his brother's city of Falaise. Robert's rebellion lasted through the end of 1026 and into early 1027. Finally Richard III laid to Falaise and brought the walls down. Robert surrendered and promised his .

paragraphs: When Richard III died shortly after Robert's surrender, there were suspicions that Robert might have caused his brother's death. Robert was accepted, however, as the sixth duke following his brother. But the Robert I had started against his brother Richard III didn't stop when the two made peace. There were still many feuds which had started between neighboring barons. These continued in Normandy during much of Robert’s reign. It was also during this time that many of the lesser left Normandy to seek their fortunes in southern Italy and elsewhere. Soon after he became duke and possibly in revenge for supporting his brother, Robert I gathered an army and began raiding the lands of his uncle, Robert II, Archbishop of Rouen. Only a brief allowed his uncle to leave Normandy in exile. The Archbishop then placed an of on Robert and all of Normandy. The edict was only removed when Archbishop Robert was allowed to return and all his lands were restored. Robert also attacked another powerful church leader, his cousin Hugo d'Ivry, Bishop of Bayeux. Robert banished him from Normandy. Robert also seized a number of church properties belonging to the abbey of Fécamp.

paragraphs: In spite of all his troubles in Normandy Robert decided to get involved in the civil war in Flanders. This feud was between Baldwin V, Count of Flanders and his father Baldwin IV who the younger Baldwin had driven out of Flanders. Baldwin V, supported by king Robert II of France, his , was persuaded to make peace with his father in 1030. This happened only after Duke Robert promised the elder Baldwin his military support.

paragraphs: Robert gave shelter to Henry I of France against his mother, Queen Constance. The queen wanted her younger son Robert to succeed his father Robert II as king of France. For his help Henry I gave Robert the French Vexin. In the early 1030s Alan III, Duke of Brittany began to expand from the area of Rennes and appeared to have wanted the area around Mont Saint-Michel After raiding Dol and stopping Alan's attempts to raid Avranches, Robert mounted a major campaign against his cousin Alan III. However, Alan appealed to Archbishop Robert of Rouen (they were both his nephews). The Archbishop arranged a peace between Duke Robert and his vassal Alan III.

paragraphs: Robert's cousins, the Athelings Edward and Alfred, had been living in exile at the Norman Court. They were the sons of his aunt Emma of Normandy and Athelred, King of England. At some point Robert attempted an invasion of England on their behalf but was stopped by unfavorable winds. The king of England, Cnut the Great sent envoys to Duke Robert offering to settle half the Kingdom of England on Edward and Alfred. After postponing the invasion he chose to also postpone the decision until after he returned from Jerusalem.

paragraphs: Robert's attitude towards the Church changed completely since his uncle's return from exile. To make up for what he had done to the Church earlier he restored all the property that he or his vassals had taken. He also decided to make a pilgrimage to Jerusalem to make up for his sins. After making his illegitimate son William his heir, he set out on his pilgrimage. He travelled by way of Constantinople and reached Jerusalem. He fell seriously ill and died on the return journey at Nicaea on 2 July 1035. His son William, aged about eight, succeeded him.

paragraphs: According to the historian William of Malmesbury, decades later, Robert's son William sent a mission to Constantinople and Nicaea to return his father's body to Normandy for . Permission was granted, but, having travelled as far as Apulia (Italy) on the return journey, the learned that William himself had died. They then decided to Robert's body in Italy.

paragraphs: By his concubine, Herleva of Falaise, he was father of:


title: Asa Butterfield

paragraphs: Asa Bopp Farr Butterfield (born 1 April 1997) is an English actor. He starred in the movie "The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas". He played young Mordred in the BBC TV series "Merlin". He played Norman in the 2010 movie "Nanny McPhee and the Big Bang". He played the title role in Martin Scorsese's 2011 movie "Hugo". He played Ender Wiggin in the movie "Ender's Game" based on the science fiction novel of the same title by Orson Scott Card.


title: Highway 4 (Israel)

paragraphs: Highway 4 (, "Kvish 2"), also called Geha Road, is a highway in Israel. It runs along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea from the northern border with Lebanon to the southern border with the Gaza Strip.


title: Trans-Samaria Highway

paragraphs: Highway 5 (, "Kvish 5", or Trans-Samaria Highway , "Kvish Hotze Shomron") is a highway between Israel and the West Bank. It runs east to west. The road starts in Glilot Ma'arav Interchange in Tel Aviv and ends in Ariel Junction near the settlement of Ariel.


title: Trans-Israel Highway

paragraphs: Trans-Israel Highway (also called Road 6/The Israel Turnpike, , "Kvish Shesh" (, "Kvish Chotzeh Yisra'el") is a main highway crossing Israel from north to south. A control center and the headquarters of the road authority is located at Kessem Interchange near Rosh HaAyin.


title: Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters

paragraphs: Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters is a movie based on "The Sea of Monsters", the second book in the "Percy Jackson & the Olympians" series. It is a sequel to the 2010 movie "". It was released on 7 August 2013.

paragraphs: After Thaila's pine tree is poisoned Percy Jackson along with Annabeth Chase, Grover Underwood and his Cyclops half-brother Tyson go off to find the golden fleece to heal it. But Luke Castellan also wants the fleece to resurrect Kronos.


title: Avro Shackleton

paragraphs: The Avro Shackleton is a four-engine British military aircraft. Its first flight was in March 1949. The Royal Air Force started using it in 1951. It was out of service from 1991. It was also used by the South African Air Force. It was originally designed and built as an ocean and sea reconnaissance aircraft. It was also used as an electronic warfare plane. There were 185 of these built.


title: Ponthieu

paragraphs: Ponthieu is a former province in northern France. Its chief town is Abbeville. It lies centered on the mouth of the Somme River. It includes the townships of Crecy-en-Ponthieu, Nouvion-en-Ponthieu and Ailly-le-Haut-Bell.

paragraphs: Ponthieu played a small role in the events that led up to the Norman conquest of England in 1066. Harold Godwinson of England was blown ashore at Ponthieu in 1064. He was taken captive by the men of Guy I and held for at the castle of Beaurain. Thinking Harold might be useful to him William II, Duke of Normandy, secured his release. William escorted him to Rouen and gave him many gifts.

paragraphs: william then had Harold take 'many oaths' to support his claim to the English throne and to become William's vassal. But a year after Harold's return to England when king Edward the Confessor died, Harold quickly forgot his oaths and took the crown for himself. That same year Harold was killed at Battle of Hastings and William became King of England.

paragraphs: In 1067 the chaplain of Matilda of Flanders, Guy, Bishop of Amiens, composed Carmen de Hastingae Proelio, a Latin poem on the battle of Hastings.

paragraphs: In 1150 the Count of Ponthieu built a fortress for himself at Crotoy, a strategic point on the mouth of the river Somme.

paragraphs: During the Hundred Years' War, Ponthieu a number of times. The English claimed control of it from 1279–1369 and again until 1435. During English control of Ponthieu, Abbeville was used as the capital.

paragraphs: In late August 1346 Edward III of England reached the region of Ponthieu. While he was there rebuilt the fortress at Crotoy. He forced a passage of the Somme at the ford of Blanchetaque. The army led by Philip VI of France caught up with him at nearby Crécy-en-Ponthieu, leading to the famous Battle of Crécy.

paragraphs: In 1360, the Treaty of Bretigny between King John II of France and Edward III of England gave control of Ponthieu (along with Gascony and Calais) over to the English, in exchange for Edward relinquishing his claim to the French throne. Edward took the land but still refused to surrender his claim.

paragraphs: In April, 1369 Charles V of France conquered Ponthieu. A month later he declared war on England. As a result, Edward publicly reassumed the title 'King of France' in June.

paragraphs: In 1372 an English army under the leadership of Robert Knolles invaded Ponthieu. They burned the city of Le Crotoy before crossing the Somme at the ford of Blanchetaque.

paragraphs: In the Treaty of Arras (1435), Charles VII of France convinced Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, to break his alliance with the English. In exchange he gave him Ponthieu. This marked a turning point that led to the end of England's part in the conflict 40 years later.<br>

paragraphs: In 1477 Ponthieu was reconquered by King Louis XI of France.

paragraphs: In World War I between 1 July and 18 November 1916 the Battle of the Somme was fought in Ponthieu. It was one of the most costly battles ever fought with over 1,000,000 men killed or wounded.


title: Antonov An-22

paragraphs: The Antonov An-22 (Russian: Антонов Ан-22; NATO reporting name: Cock) is a Soviet cargo aircraft. It was used both by civilian and military operators. It's first flight was in 1965. The Soviet airline Aeroflot started using it in 1967. For military duties it was replaced by the An-124.


title: Hawker Tempest

paragraphs: The Hawker Tempest is a British fighter aircraft of World War II. It was also used as an attack aircraft. The Royal Air Force used it for rockets and bomb attacks for D-Day.


title: Arrival of a Train at La Ciotat

paragraphs: Arrival of a Train at La Ciotat is a French 1896 short black & white movie directed by Auguste Lumière and Louis Lumière. It is thought to be one of the first movies ever made. The short movie is simply about a train arriving to a station. It is about a minute long.


title: John Graves (author)

paragraphs: John Graves (August 6, 1920 – July 30, 2013) was an American writer. He was best known for his book "Goodbye to a River".

paragraphs: Graves was born on August 6, 1920 in Fort Worth, Texas. He studied at Rice Institute and at Columbia University. Graves was divorced from an early marriage. His family moved to Glen Rose, Texas. Graves continued writing shortly before his death on July 30, 2013 in Glen Rose, Texas from natural causes, aged 92.


title: Dassault Étendard IV

paragraphs: The Dassault Étendard IV is a French fighter jet. It is a single-turbojet aircraft. Its first flight was in 1958. It was first used by the French Navy's squadrons in 1962. It was used in the French aircraft carriers "Clemenceau" and "Foch". The last one was retired in 2000. The Super-Étendard is a modernized variant.


title: Squadron

paragraphs: A squadron is a military unit on land, at sea and in the air.

paragraphs: Armies: 80 to 600 soldiers with tanks, motorcycles, horses or armoured cars.

paragraphs: Navies: A number of destroyers, submarines, minesweepers or other warships.

paragraphs: Air forces. This usually includes several aircraft and pilots, crews and mechanics responsible for their action.


title: McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle

paragraphs: The McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle is a modernized variant of the F-15 Eagle. It was optimized as an attack aircraft for the US Air Force with a stronger airframe than earlier versions. Foreign operators are Israel, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, and South Korea.


title: Douglas A-4 Skyhawk

paragraphs: The Douglas A-4 Skyhawk is an American military jet aircraft. Its first flight was in 1954. It was first used by the US Navy in 1956. The Skyhawk was one of the main attack aircraft of the Vietnam War.

paragraphs: Many foreign countries used it, such as Argentina, Israel, Kuwait, and Singapore. The Argentina Air Force used theirs in the Falklands War for attacks against British forces.


title: Douglas A-3 Skywarrior

paragraphs: The Douglas A-3 Skywarrior is an American twin-turbojet military aircraft. Its first flight was in 1952. It was first used in 1956. It was originally designed and built as an attack aircraft. Later it was optimized for aerial refueling and electronic warfare as KA-3 and EA-3. The US Navy used it from aircraft carriers for the Vietnam War. The B-66 Destroyer is a variant built for the US Air Force. The Douglas A-3 Skywarrior has been out of service since 1991.


title: Douglas B-66 Destroyer

paragraphs: The Douglas B-66 Destroyer is an American strategic bomber. It was used by the US Air Force during the Cold War and the Vietnam War. It could carry a nuclear weapon. It is a variant of the A-3 Skywarrior. It was used between 1956 and 1975. Some variants were built as reconnaissance aircraft or electronic warfare, as RB-66 and EB-66.


title: Dassault Super-Étendard

paragraphs: The Dassault Super-Étendard is a French single-turbojet military aircraft. It is a fighter and attack aircraft. The French Navy started using it in 1978. In 2013, it is the second most important combat aircraft (after the Dassault Rafale). From 1995, all Dassault Super-Étendard of the French Navy are modernized as SEM or Super-Étendard Modernisés. It can carry many kinds of weapons like Exocet's missile, laser-guided bombs and a nuclear missile ASMP.

paragraphs: Foreign operators of this aircraft are Argentina and Iraq. Argentina used it in the Falklands War, destroying the British destroyer HMS "Sheffield".

paragraphs: The Dassault Super-Étendard is a modernized variant of the Dassault Étendard IV.


title: Abbeville

paragraphs: Abbeville is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

paragraphs: Abbeville is located on the Somme River, from its modern mouth in the English Channel. The majority of the town is located on the east bank of the Somme, as well as on an island. It is located at the start of the Abbeville Canal, and is northwest of Amiens. In the medieval period, it was the lowest crossing point on the Somme. Edward III's army crossed nearby shortly before the Battle of Crécy in 1346.

paragraphs: Abbeville was the capital of the former province of France of Ponthieu. Today, it is one of the three s of the Somme department.

paragraphs: The Romans occupied it and named it "Abbatis Villa".

paragraphs: The name Abbeville has been adopted to name a category of paleolithic stone tools. These stone tools are also known as handaxes. Various handaxes were found near Abbeville by Jacques Boucher de Perthes during the 1830s. He was the first to describe the stones in detail. He pointed out in the first publication of its kind, that the stones were chipped deliberately by early man, so as to form a tool. These stone tools which are some of the earliest found in Europe, were chipped on both sides so as to form a sharp edge, were known as 'Abbevillian' handaxes or bifaces, but recently the term 'abevillian' is becoming obsolete as the earlier form of stone tool, not found in Europe, is known as the Oldowan chopper. Some of these are displayed at the museum Boucher-de-Perthes.

paragraphs: A more refined form from a later period of handaxe production was found in the Abbeville/Somme River district. The more refined handaxe became known as the Acheulean industry, named after Saint-Acheul, today a suburb of Amiens. It retained some importance into the Bronze Age.

paragraphs: Abbeville during the ninth century was part of the diocese of Saint-Riquier. It was also an important fortress responsible for the defense of the Somme. Abbeville had a charter granted to it in 1184. Afterwards it was governed by the Counts of Ponthieu. Together with that county, it came into the possession of the Alençon and other French families. Afterwards it came into the possession of the House of Castile. By marriage it passed in 1272 to King Edward I of England. In 1435, by the treaty of Arras, it was to the Duke of Burgundy. In 1477 it was taken control of by King Louis XI of France. Later it was held by two illegitimate branches of the royal family in the 16th and 17th centuries, being in 1696 returned to the crown. In 1514, the town was the place where the marriage of Louis XII of France to Mary Tudor took place. She was the daughter of Henry VII of England. In 1685, it suffered a serious economic when the Edict of Nantes was repealed. The Protestants who were the majority of the skilled labor, left town. The town never fully recovered from the loss of their talents.

paragraphs: Abbeville was fairly important in the 18th century. Van Robais Royal Manufacture (one of the first major factories in France) brought great prosperity to the town. Voltaire, among others, wrote about it.

paragraphs: Abbeville was the birthplace of Rear Admiral Amédée Courbet (1827–85). His victories on land and at sea made him a national hero during the Sino-French War (August 1884 to April 1885). Courbet died in June 1885 in the Pescadores Islands. His body was brought back to France and buried in Abbeville on 1 September 1885 after a state funeral. Abbeville's old Haymarket Square (Place du Marché-au-Blé) was renamed Place de l'Amiral Courbet in July 1885. This was shortly after the news of Courbet's death reached France. A statue of Courbet was erected in the middle of the square at the end of the nineteenth century. The statue was damaged in a bombing raid during World War II.

paragraphs: On 12 September 1939 in Abbeville a conference took place. There France and the United Kingdom decided it was too late to send troops to help Poland in its fight against Germany. By this time Poland was already on the verge of defeat. After five years—in September 1944—Abbeville was liberated by the Polish First Armoured Division under General Maczek.

paragraphs: In 1940, the Germans with the bulk of their armoured force in Panzer Group von Kleist achieved a breakthrough at Sedan with air support. The Panzer group raced to the coast of the English Channel at Abbeville. This isolated (20 May 1940) the British Expeditionary Force, Belgian Army, and some divisions of the French Army in northern France. The Battle of France was lost by the Allies.

paragraphs: Charles de Gaulle (17–18 May 1940), as a Colonel in this period, launched a in the region of Laon (see the map). He had 80 tanks to destroy the communication of the German armoured troops. His newly formed 4e Division cuirassée reached Montcornet, resulting in the Battle of Montcornet. But, without support, the 4th DCR was forced to retreat. There was another counterattack with the Battle of Abbeville. After Laon (24 May), de Gaulle was promoted to temporary general: "On 28 May (...) the 4th DCR attacked twice to destroy a pocket captured by the enemy south of the Somme near Abbeville. The operation was successful, with over 400 prisoners taken and the entire pocket mopped up except for Abbeville (...) but in the second attack the 4th DCR failed to gain control of the city in the face of superior enemy numbers." WWII was not kind to the buildings of the town as the famous 17th century Gothic Cathedral of St. Vulfran was nearly destroyed.

paragraphs: Abbeville manufactures ; in particular, linens and tablecloths. It also has factories and spinning mills. Finally, it also makes locks and produces sugar.

paragraphs: The city was very picturesque until the early days of the World War II. It was bombed mostly to rubble in one night by the Germans. The town overall is now mostly modern and rebuilt. Several of the town's attractions remain, including:

paragraphs: Abbeville is served by trains on the line between Boulogne-sur-Mer and Amiens. Abbeville was the southern terminus of the Réseau des Bains de Mer, the line to Dompierre-sur-Authie opened on 19 June 1892 and closed on 10 March 1947.