title: 2019 North Indian Ocean cyclone season

paragraphs: The 2019 North Indian Ocean cyclone season was the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation. The North Indian Ocean cyclone season has no official bounds, but cyclones tend to form between April and December, with two peaks in activity in May and November. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northern Indian Ocean. The season's first named storm, Pabuk, entered the basin on January 4, becoming the earliest-forming cyclonic storm of the North Indian Ocean on record.

paragraphs: The season currently contains 3 depressions, 3 deep depressions, 3 cyclonic storms and 2 very severe cyclonic storms.

paragraphs: Due to the presence of an weak El Niño to continue through the season, the season's first named storm, Pabuk, entered the basin on January 4, becoming the earliest-forming cyclonic storm of the North Indian Ocean on record, tying with 2014 season. The second Cyclonic Storm of the season was formed, Fani on April 26. Fani became an extremely severe cyclonic storm on April 30, reaching an Category 4-equivalent tropical cyclone on the Saffir-Simpson Scale, then made landfall in India killing 89 people between Odisha and Bangladesh; Fani caused $1.812 billion in damages. In early June, a strong pulse of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO), led to the development of the third cyclonic storm, Vayu, which formed June 10 in the Arabian Sea, near the Maldives. The storm subsequently intensified into a very severe cyclonic storm on June 12, after moving northwestward towards northwestern India and Pakistan.


title: Deal barracks bombing

paragraphs: The Deal barracks bombing was an attack on the Royal Marine Depot in Deal, Kent, England on 22 September 1989. The Provisional Irish Republican Army used a time bomb to kill 11 military bandsmen.


title: Tropical Storm Pabuk (2019)

paragraphs: Tropical Storm Pabuk, also referred to as Cyclonic Storm Pabuk, was a weak storm that hit the Malay Peninsula in January 2019. It was also the earliest storm in both the Western Pacific and North Indian Ocean basins on record. Forming on the last day of 2018, Pabuk went into 2019 and crossed into the North Indian Ocean basin several days later. The first storm of the 2019 Pacific typhoon and North Indian Ocean cyclone seasons, Pabuk first appeared as a tropical disturbance in the South China Sea on December 28, 2018, which organized into a tropical depression on December 31.

paragraphs: A tropical disturbance formed over the southern portion of the South China Sea on December 28, 2018, absorbing the remnants of on December 30. Under high vertical wind shear, the low-pressure area remained messy until December 31 when it was upgraded to a tropical depression by both the JMA and the JTWC.

paragraphs: Under good conditions, including warm sea surface temperatures, good outflow but strong vertical wind shear, Pabuk did not manage to intensify further for

paragraphs: another two days until it started to move west-northwestward and entered the Gulf of Thailand on January 3, where vertical wind shear was slightly weaker.

paragraphs: Soon after Pabuk crossed over into the basin, the IMD started to make warnings on the storm, making Pabuk the earliest-forming cyclonic storm for this basin, as well as the first cyclonic storm with a name originally assigned by RSMC Tokyo. Over the few days days, Pabuk continued moved west-northwestward, before weakening into a well-marked low on January 7. The system's remnant low then turned to the northeast. Finally, it disappeared on January 8.

paragraphs: The storm caused 10 deaths in total, and total damages were estimated to be ~$157.2 million (2019 USD).

paragraphs: On Thailand, 8 of the 10 people were killed with many trees downed. Elsewhere, many people were forced to evacuate coastal areas of Thailand. In Bangkok, rain and storm surge flooded roads in the large city. Pabuk killed 8 people in Thailand, including one Russian tourist.


title: United States Naval Research Laboratory

paragraphs: The United States Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is the corporate research laboratory for the United States Navy and the United States Marine Corps. It conducts basic scientific research, applied research, technological development and prototyping.


title: Mobility as a service

paragraphs: Mobility as a Service (MaaS) is transportation that you can buy but do not have to own.

paragraphs: For example, you can pay an Uber car to pick you up, but you do not own that car.

paragraphs: Or you can pay for a city bike to travel around the city, but you do not own the bike.

paragraphs: In each case, you pay for the transportation.

paragraphs: Public buses, taxis, subways, high-speed rail, and airplanes are already forms of MaaS.

paragraphs: MaaS is already becoming popular around the world from the US, Europe, Japan, Korea, to China.

paragraphs: MaaS may decrease how many people own cars. This is already the case in China, where more than half of the population do not have cars--they just do not need it.

paragraphs: Uber, Tesla, General Motors, Waymo, Apple, and Local Motors are building self-driving vehicles (or autonomous vehicles, AVs).

paragraphs: Self-driving cars could take people where they wanted to go at a lower cost than a taxi or ridesharer. It could help benefit the environment, make transportation faster, and even improve healthcare.


title: Khazars

paragraphs: The Khazars were a semi-nomadic Turkic people. They formed an empire called Khazaria in Russia from the 6th to 10th century CE. They came from the Western Turkic Khaganate of the Eurasian steppe, after it was conquered by Tang China.

paragraphs: Khazaria was an international trading center. It was an important place on the Silk Road that linked China, the Middle East, and the Kievan Rus'. For three centuries (c. 650–965) the Khazars conquered the area from the Volga-Don steppes to Crimea and the Caucasus.

paragraphs: Khazaria was between the Byzantine Empire, the steppe nomads, and the Umayyad Caliphate. It helped Byzantine defend itself from the Sasanian Persian empire. The alliance ended around 900. Between 965 and 969, the Kievan Rus replaced Khazaria.

paragraphs: Tengrism may have been the main religion, as it was for the Huns and Turkic peoples. Abrahamic religions were also popular. The ruling class may have converted to Judaism in the 8th century.

paragraphs: Some people think that the Cossacks, Muslim Kumyks, Kazakhs, and some Jews, like the Ashkenazi Jews, descended from the Khazars. Some disagree.

paragraphs: Khazar or "Xazar" may have come from *Qasar. The Turkic root "qaz-" means "to ramble, to roam" (used in Qazaqsa or Kazakh). It is similar to the Common Turkic "kez-".

paragraphs: Others say it is from "qas-" ("tyrannize, oppress, terrorize") because it is similar to the Uyghur name Qasar.

paragraphs: Others think it is a person or tribe's name. For example the Chinese name Kesa for "Khazars" may be one of the tribal names of the Uyğur Toquz Oğuz (of the Gokturks), namely the "Gésà". But others say Kesa was not a tribal name but the name of the chief of the 思结 "Sijie" tribe of the Toquz Oğuz. Also in Middle Chinese the name "Khazars" always comes before the word "Tūjué" ("Tūjué Kěsà bù": 突厥可薩部; "Tūjué Hésà": 突厥曷薩).

paragraphs: Khazar language is extinct. But modern Turkic languages still refer to the Caspian Sea as the "Khazar Sea".

paragraphs: No known records of the Khazar language survive. The state was polyglot (spoke multiple languages) and polyethnic. The ruling elite probably spoke an eastern dialect of Shaz Turkic. The ordinary people may have spoken Lir Turkic, such as Oğuric, Bulğaric, Chuvash, and Hunnish. The Persian historian al-Iṣṭakhrī said that the Khazar language was different from any other known language.

paragraphs: After the Khazars became Jewish they may have written in the Hebrew alphabet. Though they spoke a Türkic language, they may have also spoke Hebrew.

paragraphs: They appear to have came from Mongolia or northern China after the Xiōngnú (Huns) were defeated by Han dynasty of China (Han–Xiongnu war). The tribes probably had Iranian, proto-Mongolic, Uralic, and Palaeo-Siberian people.

paragraphs: The Turkic tribes may have conquered the Western Eurasian steppe as early as 463.

paragraphs: In 552, they conquered the Rouran Khaganate and moved westwards, taking more people from Sogdia.

paragraphs: The ruling family may have came from the Āshǐnà (阿史那) clan of the West Türkic tribes. The Chinese and Arabic records are almost identical, indicating strong support for this theory. The leader may have been Yǐpíshèkuì (乙毗射匱). He died around 651. Moving west, the Khazars reached Akatziroi, one of the important friends of Byzantium fighting Attila's army.

paragraphs: Khazaria began after 630. It came from the Göktürk Qağanate, after it was crushed by Tang China between 630–650.

paragraphs: Göktürk armies conquered Volga by 549. The Āshǐnà clan whose tribal name was 'Türk' ("the strong one") arrived in 552. They overthrew the Rourans and created the Göktürk Qağanate.

paragraphs: The Chinese Tang Dynasty defeated the Turkic Qağanate and established the Anxi protectorate (Tang dynasty in Inner Asia). The Khaganate split into many tribes. Some tribes went west to the Sea of Azov area. Ashina and the Khazars went further west.

paragraphs: In 657, General Sū Dìngfāng (蘇定方) dominated the Turks and Central Asia. They imposed Chinese overlordship to the east of those Turkic tribes. In 659 the Chinese defeated the remaining tribes. The Khazars did not dare return.

paragraphs: Instead the Khazars defeated the Bulgars further west.

paragraphs: And so the Khazars Qaganate was born, from the ruins of a nomadic empire destroyed by the Tang armies to the east. It became the westernmost successor state of the Gokturks.

paragraphs: The Khazars conquered the lower Volga region and the area between the Danube and the Dniepr. In 670, they also conquered the Onoğur-Bulğar union and made the Onogur-Bulgar language the official language of the empire (lingua franca).

paragraphs: The empire is sometimes called a 'steppe Atlantis' ("stepnaja Atlantida," Степная Атлантида).

paragraphs: Historians often call this period the Pax Khazarica. The state became an international center of trade.

paragraphs: Ibn al-Balḫî wrote in "Fârsnâma" (c. 1100) that the Sasanian Shah (ruler), Ḫusraw 1, Anûsîrvân, said there were three kings who had as much power as he did: the King of China, the King of Byzantium, and the king of the Khazars.


title: Eminem singles discography

paragraphs: This is the singles discography page of American rapper Eminem. This list has his 78 singles, he had made in his music career. To date, Eminem has sold over 42 million track downloads in the United States alone.


title: Batam

paragraphs: Batam (also called Batam City) is an industrial city in the province of Riau Islands, Indonesia. Over 1 million people live in it. It is the biggest city in Riau Islands, and the third biggest city in Sumatra. It is part of the Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand and Indonesia-Malaysia-Singapore free-trade zone.

paragraphs: The city administrative covers an area of 3 big islands with some small islands surround them. The 3 big islands are Batam, Rempang, and Galang. The islands are conected by bridges called Barelang Bridges () that is a short name for Batam-Rempang-Galang Bridges.


title: Republic of Upper Volta

paragraphs: Republic of Upper Volta is an old name for the country in Africa which is known as Burkina Faso today. It was a French colony, which became independent in 1960. Upper Volta existed as a French colony from 1918 to 1932. In 1932, it was disbanded, and its territory was shared beween the neighboring countries, French Sudan, Niger and Ivory Coast. In 1947, Upper volta was restored, with its former borders.


title: Spaceship Earth

paragraphs: Spaceship Earth (or Spacecraft Earth or Spaceship Planet Earth) is a world view encouraging everyone on Earth to act as a harmonious crew working toward the greater good.

paragraphs: The earliest known use is a passage in Henry George's best known work, "Progress and Poverty" (1879).

paragraphs: It is a well-provisioned ship, this on which we sail through space. If the bread and beef above decks seem to grow scarce, we but open a hatch and there is a new supply, of which before we never dreamed. And very great command over the services of others comes to those who as the hatches are opened are permitted to say, "This is mine!"

paragraphs: George Orwell later paraphrases Henry George in "The Road to Wigan Pier":

paragraphs: The world is a raft sailing through space with, potentially, plenty of provisions for everybody; the idea that we must all cooperate and see to it that everyone does his fair share of the work and gets his fair share of the provisions seems so blatantly obvious that one would say that no one could possibly fail to accept it unless he had some corrupt motive for clinging to the present system.

paragraphs: In 1965 Adlai Stevenson made a famous speech to the UN in which he said:

paragraphs: We travel together, passengers on a little space ship, dependent on its vulnerable reserves of air and soil; all committed for our safety to its security and peace; preserved from annihilation only by the care, the work, and, I will say, the love we give our fragile craft. We cannot maintain it half fortunate, half miserable, half confident, half despairing, half slave—to the ancient enemies of man—half free in a liberation of resources undreamed of until this day. No craft, no crew can travel safely with such vast contradictions. On their resolution depends the survival of us all.

paragraphs: The following year, "Spaceship Earth" became the title of a book by a friend of Stevenson's, the internationally influential economist Barbara Ward.

paragraphs: Also in 1966, Kenneth E. Boulding, who was influenced by reading Henry George, used the phrase in the title of an essay, "The Economics of the Coming Spaceship Earth". Boulding described the past open economy of apparently illimitable resources, which he said he was tempted to call the "cowboy economy", and continued: "The closed economy of the future might similarly be called the 'spaceman' economy, in which the earth has become a single spaceship, without unlimited reservoirs of anything, either for extraction or for pollution, and in which, therefore, man must find his place in a cyclical ecological system".

paragraphs: The phrase was also popularized by Buckminster Fuller, who published a book in 1968 under the title of "Operating Manual for Spaceship Earth". This quotation, referring to fossil fuels, reflects his approach:

paragraphs: …we can make all of humanity successful through science's world-engulfing industrial evolution provided that we are not so foolish as to continue to exhaust in a split second of astronomical history the orderly energy savings of billions of years' energy conservation aboard our Spaceship Earth. These energy savings have been put into our Spaceship's life-regeneration-guaranteeing bank account for use only in self-starter functions.

paragraphs: United Nations Secretary-General U Thant spoke of Spaceship Earth on Earth Day March 21, 1971 at the ceremony of the ringing of the Japanese Peace Bell: "May there only be peaceful and cheerful Earth Days to come for our beautiful Spaceship Earth as it continues to spin and circle in frigid space with its warm and fragile cargo of animate life."

paragraphs: Spaceship Earth is the name given to the diameter geodesic sphere that greets visitors at the entrance of Walt Disney World's Epcot theme park. Housed within the sphere is a dark ride that serves to explore the history of communications and promote Epcot's founding principles, "[a] belief and pride in man's ability to shape a world that offers hope to people everywhere." A previous incarnation of the ride, narrated by actor Jeremy Irons and revised in 2008, was explicit in its message:

paragraphs: Like a grand and miraculous spaceship, our planet has sailed through the universe of time, and for a brief moment, we have been among its many passengers….We now have the ability and the responsibility to build new bridges of acceptance and co-operation between us, to create a better world for ourselves and our children as we continue our amazing journey aboard Spaceship Earth.

paragraphs: David Deutsch has pointed out that the picture of Earth as a friendly "spaceship" habitat is difficult to defend even in a metaphorical sense. The Earth environment is harsh and survival is a constant struggle for life, including for whole species trying to avoid extinction. Humans wouldn't be able to live in most of the areas where they are living now without the knowledge necessary to build life-support systems such as houses, heating, water supply, etc.

paragraphs: The term "Spaceship Earth" is frequently used on the labels of Emanuel Bronner's products to refer to the Earth.


title: Mutesa II of Buganda

paragraphs: Sir Edward Frederick William David Walugembe Mutebi Luwangula Muteesa II (19 November 1924 – 21 November 1969) was Kabaka of the Kingdom of Buganda from 22 November 1939 until his death. He was the thirty-fifth Kabaka of Buganda and the first President of Uganda. The foreign press often referred to him as King Freddie, a name rarely used in Uganda


title: Er Wang San Ke

paragraphs: Erwang Sanke (二王三恪) or "the two crownings and the three respects" is something Chinese emperors did to honor the previous dynasty. For example the Sui dynasty came directly before the Tang. So the Tang may honor descendants of the Sui royal family. The Tang would do this by giving these Sui descendants land to rule over. The Tang said you can control these lands and use laws of the previous Sui dynasty if you wish. There may also be a sacrifice at a religious place.

paragraphs: This was done to show respect to previous dynasties. This was also to make a peaceful transition of power.

paragraphs: It has been done in every major Chinese dynasty from the Xia to the Qing.

paragraphs: Sometimes people would pretend to be the descendants of the previous dynasty just to get this benefit.

paragraphs: Er wang 二王 means two rulers. This refers to the current ruler and the previous ruler.

paragraphs: San ke 三恪 means three respects. This could refer to how this was done for the first three generation descendants of the previous ruler (their children, grandchildren, and great grandchildren).


title: NEC

paragraphs: NEC was the world's fourth biggest PC manufacturer by 1990. Its NEC Semiconductors business unit was the global semiconductor sales leader between 1985 and 1990, the second largest in 1995, one of the top three in 2000, and one of the top 10 in 2006. It was still one of the top 20 semiconductor sales leaders before merging with Renesas Electronics. NEC is a member of the Sumitomo Group.

paragraphs: NEC was #463 on the 2017 Fortune 500 list.


title: Neoconservatism

paragraphs: Neoconservatism refers to things that are pro-American nationalist interest in international affairs. This includes bigger military, pro-democracy, nationalism, anti-communism. It started in the United States during the 1960s. Neocons supported the Vietnam war, but disliked the Democratic party, Great Society, and the New Left.

paragraphs: Neoconservative sometimes refers to people who started as anti-Stalinists and then became American conservatives during the 1960s and 1970s.

paragraphs: Some neocons are Republicans, like the presidents between from the 1970s to the 2000s. For example, George W. Bush started the 2003 invasion of Iraq. His neocon friends include Paul Wolfowitz, Elliott Abrams, Richard Perle, and Paul Bremer. Dick Cheney and Donald Rumsfeld also listened to these neocons. Together they supported the defense of Israel and the American invasion of the Middle East.

paragraphs: Neocon started in the 60s with Jewish magazine "Commentary", edited by Norman Podhoretz and published by the American Jewish Committee. They opposed the New Left and thus started the neocon movement.


title: Han Buddhism

paragraphs: Han Buddhism () or Chinese buddhism refers to Buddhism written in Chinese characters (hanzi) or that of the East Asian cultural sphere. It is one of the three main existing schools of Buddhism: the other two are Tibetan Buddhism and Theravada. It is mainly practiced in China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. It has had a great impact on East Asian culture.

paragraphs: Like Tibetan Buddhism, Han Buddhism comes from Mahayana, the branch of Buddhism written mainly in Sanskrit and from northern India.

paragraphs: Han Buddhism has a lot of interaction between the Indian religions and Chinese religions (like Taoism).

paragraphs: There are legends that Laozi was the Buddha himself, or that the Buddha came from the Tibetan kingdom of Zhangzhung. There are other legends that Buddhism had existed in China since ancient times (before the Qin dynasty).

paragraphs: The Shiji 《》has a section called「禁不得祠」(jin bude ci). It says:

paragraphs: “徙謫，實之初縣。禁不得祠。明星出西方。”

paragraphs: In the 20th century, Japanese scholar Fujita Toyohachi () said Buddhism entered China during the Qin dynasty. The word 不得 (pinyin: "bude"; rough pronunciation: boo-duh) is pronounced nearly exactly like the Sanskrit word "Buddha". It was used to write down Buddha in the Chinese language. Others (like ) disagreed. Moreover it is unlikely 得 would be used to transliterate. And based on the evolution of Chinese tones, 不得 would sound something like putug ( says “不得” is [pɯtɯːɡ]).

paragraphs: It is generally believed Buddhism was introduced during the (Western, before 1 BC) Han dynasty. It came from the western regions and Silk Road.

paragraphs: According to the Weilüe《‧西戎傳》、《‧釋老志》and other records, Emperor Ai of Han's men gave the people the Pagoda Sutra《浮屠经》。

paragraphs: In 67, Emperor Ming of Han dreamed of the "Golden People". He sent people to meet monks in the western regions. These monks brought back more Buddhist texts. He built the White horse temple () and translated 42 chapters of the scripture 《》。

paragraphs: There is one account that Emperor Ming of Han (28–75 CE) helped introduce Buddhism into China. The (3rd - 5th century) "Mouzi Lihuolun" says:Ming then sent people to Tianzhu (Southern India) to learn more. Buddhist scriptures returned to China on the backs of white horses, after which White Horse Temple was named. Two Indian monks also returned with them, named Dharmaratna and Kaśyapa Mātaṅga.

paragraphs: Whether Emperor Ming actually dreamed of Golden people is debated. However scholars agree that around his time Buddhism arrived from the xiyu.

paragraphs: A Parthian prince named An Shigao traveled to China annd helped translate some Indian texts into Chinese.

paragraphs: In 167 some Yuezhi (tribes of Central Asia) also helped translate some stuff.

paragraphs: During this time, Mahayana Buddhism became popular in China. The Han would then "sinicize" it to turn it into Han Buddhism.

paragraphs: In Chongqing an ancient Yao Qian Shu (money tree artifact) was dug up. A Buddha was sitting on it. It said it was made in the fourth year of Yan guang (125 CE). This is the earliest known bronze Buddha found in China. There is another early Buddha sculpture in Sichuan above a grave.

paragraphs: The Sarvastivadinns, Dharmaguptakas, and other schools were important for Han Buddhism.

paragraphs: Some Chinese thought Buddhism was harmful to the authority of the government, that Buddhists did help improve the economy, that Buddhism was barbaric and did not deserve to be part of Chinese culture. However, others mixed Buddhism with Taoism. The two went well together. Both encourage meditation. And so Buddhist ideas were used in Taoism and vice versa.

paragraphs: Around this time, Han Buddhism began spreading to Korea, Japan, and Vietnam. It was already popular in South China.

paragraphs: China controlled Kucha, a Buddhist kingdom in Xinjiang. They imprisoned Kumarajiva but released him in 401 because he was good at Buddhism.

paragraphs: Emperor Yao Xing of the state of Later Qin liked him.

paragraphs: He made a number of good translations (from AD 402–413).

paragraphs: This includes the "Diamond Sutra", the "Amitabha Sutra", the "Lotus Sutra", the "Vimalakīrti Nirdeśa Sūtra", the "Mūlamadhyamakakārikā", and the "Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra".

paragraphs: In the 5th century, the Chán (Zen) teachings began in China. Bodhidharma, a legend, started it.

paragraphs: The school follows the "Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra" and "Diamond Sūtra (Vajracchedikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra) ." It was also called the "One Vehicle School."

paragraphs: They were famous for their "encounter stories" and koans and their teaching methods. Nan Huai-Chin says:

paragraphs: During the Tang dynasty and 629 - 645, the monk Xuanzang went to India and visited over one hundred kingdoms. He and wrote about his journey to the west. His writing is important for studying India during this period of time.

paragraphs: He visited many spiritual sites, many spiritual people, and learned a lot of spiritual things. He met Buddhist celebrities.

paragraphs: He returned to China with 657 Sanskrit texts, gifts, statues, and Buddhist souvenirs, all on twenty-two horses.

paragraphs: Xuanzang created a translation center in Chang'an (now Xi'an). It attracted people from all over East Asia. Xuanzang translated 1,330 books into Chinese. His favorite part of Buddhism was Yogācāra, or "Consciousness-only".

paragraphs: During this time, Han Chan Buddhism became popular in Japan.

paragraphs: During the Song dynasty, Chán (禪) was used by the government to strengthen its control over the country. Chán became the most popular type of Chinese Buddhism.

paragraphs: During the Yuan dynasty, the Mongol emperors liked Tibetan Buddhism so they hired Tibetan monks as government officials. This caused corruption. Later the Ming dynasty overthrew the Yuan, and Tibetan lamas no longer influenced the court.

paragraphs: The Chan school was so popular that all monks belonged to it. Male and female Chinese buddhists wrote nice poetry during this time.

paragraphs: Around 1900, Buddhists from other Asian countries became interested in Chinese Buddhism. Anagarika Dharmapala visited Shanghai in 1893. He and other Indians tried to get Chinese to help revive Buddhism in India. Japanese Buddhists also visited China. By this point (and perhaps earlier) China had the most Buddhists in the world.

paragraphs: Han Buddhism uses concepts from Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism. They worship the Buddha and Bodhisattvas by giving food, flowers, etc. They are vegans. They believe in god and hell, life after death and karma.


title: Yuji Naka

paragraphs: Naka learned how to program by copying and debugging video game code printed in magazines. The experience made him want to study assemblers and practice writing code during his school classes. After graduating high school, Naka decided to skip university and stay in his home town.

paragraphs: Around 1983, Naka saw that Sega was looking for programming assistants. He decided to apply. After a short interview, he started working for Sega in April 1984. His first task was designing maps and checking floppy disks for a game called "Road Runner" for the SF-7000. Naka can't remember if the game was ever released. His first major project was a game called "Girl's Garden". He and Hiroshi Kawaguchi created it together as part of their training process.


title: American exceptionalism

paragraphs: American exceptionalism is the belief that

paragraphs: The US started from the American Revolutionary War. Martin Lipset calls it the "first new nation". It developed an American set of ideas (Americanism) based on republicanism, democracy, laissez-faire (no government interference in economy), liberty, equality, individualism (importance of individual).

paragraphs: Abraham Lincoln said in the Gettysburg address (1863), that Americans have a responsibility to make sure that the "government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth."


title: Cartigny, Switzerland

paragraphs: Cartigny is a municipality of the Canton of Geneva, Switzerland.


title: Neoconservatism (Japan)

paragraphs: Neoconservatism in Japan refers to the new generation of Japanese conservatives.

paragraphs: They are nationalistic and think Japan is unique and special.

paragraphs: They think they are not responsible for Japan's conquests and wartime history, Japanese war crimes, the Nanjing Massacre, and the Japanese colonization of Korea.

paragraphs: They want to change the Japanese constitution and remove Article 9. After losing WW2, Japan wrote into its constitution that it is not allowed to wage war. This is Article 9. The USA helped write it because he wanted to prevent Japan from ever attacking the US or any other country like when Japan attacked Pearl Harbor.

paragraphs: However Japanese neoconservatives want to restore the military in that they want to use the Japanese "Self-Defense" Forces to for more than just "self-defense". But this is against Article 9.

paragraphs: Some like Shinzō Abe have visited the Yasukuni Shrine to honor Japanese soldiers who murdered and raped Koreans, Chinese, and other Asians.

paragraphs: They do not like China and refuse to apologize for Imperial Japan's war crimes.

paragraphs: They do not like Korea either, North or South. They do not think their relationship with Korea is special.

paragraphs: Some like Shintaro Ishihara want fewer immigrants. Some want to ban foreigners from voting, and only "Japanese nationals" should have the right.


title: Gy, Switzerland

paragraphs: Gy is a municipality of the canton of Geneva in Switzerland, near the border with France.


title: Su Dingfang

paragraphs: Su Dingfang (, 591–667) was a leading general of the Chinese Tang Dynasty. He won many battles. In 657 he destroyed the Western Turkic Khaganate. This expanded the Tang's western borders to their farthest extent (deep into Central Asia, close to modern Iran). In 660, he also conquered Baekje.

paragraphs: He was born in Wuyi (武邑, modern Hengshui, Hebei).

paragraphs: In spring 657, Emperor Gaozong sent Su Dingfang to attack the Western Turks. He had the following friends to help him:

paragraphs: Su had fewer than 20,000 men. Ashina Helu's army had nearly 100,000 men. Ashina Helu thought he could defeat Su easily. His army ran at Su but could not break through Su's defense: the front line pointed long spears. Su then counterattacked with cavalry, defeating Helu's army and killing and capturing several tens of thousands of men. Helu ran away.

paragraphs: Su kept going. Many tribes of the Western Turks surrendered to Su, including the general Huluwu (胡祿屋), surrendered, and Ashina Helu fled along with his general Qulü (屈律). The rest surrendered to Ashina Buzhen.

paragraphs: Su kept chasing Helu but ran into snow storms. Su's men said maybe they should wait for weather to get better. But Su said that Helu would be surprised if they attacked him. So Su and his army kept going. They joined Mishe and Buzhen, made a surprise attack on Helu, and captured or killed tens of thousands.

paragraphs: But Helu fled to Shi (石國, modern Tashkent, Uzbekistan), a vassal of the Western Turks.

paragraphs: But Shi did not want to be attacked and defeated by the Tang as well. So they just captured and handed Helu to the Tang.

paragraphs: And so the Tang conquered the Western Turkic Khaganate and brought Central Asia under Chinese control.

paragraphs: Some Turks escaped west and became the Khazars in Russia. They did not come back.

paragraphs: Su presented Helu to Emperor Gaozong. Gaozong spared Helu and promoted Su to major general. He also made Su the Duke of Xing and made his son Su Qingjie (蘇慶節) the Duke of Wuyi.

paragraphs: Duman (都曼) was a commander of the Izgil tribe (Old Turkic: , Chinese: Sijie 思結), under Tang rule. The Shule (疏勒), Zhujubo (朱俱波), and Yebantuo (謁般陀) were also Turkic kingdoms under Tang rule. They were around Kashgar, Xinjiang.

paragraphs: In 659 they rebelled against the Tang. Duman got Yutian (于田, in modern Hotan, Xinjiang).

paragraphs: In winter 659, Gaozong sent Su Dingfang to Xinjiang. Once Su arrived he gathered 10,000 soldiers and 3,000 horsesoldiers and made a surprise attack on Duman.

paragraphs: Duman was surprised, and after Su defeated Duman, Duman retreated into Yutian.

paragraphs: Su seiged the city, and Duman surrendered.

paragraphs: In spring 660, Su took Duman to the eastern capital Luoyang. Su presented Duman to Gaozong. Some wanted Duman to be executed. But Su said Duman should be spared. Gaozong said that by law, Duman should die, but he would respect Su's promise and thus spared Duman.

paragraphs: The "Old Tibetan Annals", written in Classical Tibetan, was discovered at Dunhuang in the early 20th century. It says Su Dingfang fought the Tibetans in 659:

paragraphs: "Da Rgyal Mang Po Rjes (Dayan Mangbuzhi) fought a battle with Su Dingfang of the Tang at the Dongdai 東岱 (a Tibetan regional administrative unit) of Wuhai 烏海 (southwest of Lake Qinghai). Da Rgyal was killed and his army of 80,000 men was defeated by 1,000 Tang troops."

paragraphs: In spring 660, Tang was allies with Silla, in the Korean Peninsula. Silla was being attacked by Baekje so Silla asked the Tang for help. The Tang sent help.

paragraphs: Emperor Gaozong put Su in charge of the Silla-Tang combined army and navy. He, alongside Silla's King Muyeol, sent 100,000 soldiers to attack Baekje.

paragraphs: In summer 660, Su left Chengshan (成山, in modern Weihai, Shandong) and crossed the Yellow Sea to Baekje.

paragraphs: Baekje forces tried to prevent Tang forces from landing, but could not.

paragraphs: The Tang directly attacked the Baekje capital Sabi and seiged it. Baekje surrendered, and the Tang annexed Baekje.

paragraphs: In winter 660, Su brought prisoners to Emperor Gaozong in Luoyang. Emperor Gaozong released King Uija and the rest of the captives.

paragraphs: In winter 660, Su Dingfang, Qibi Heli (契苾何力), Liu Boying (劉伯英), Cheng Minzhen, and Silla allies attacked Baekje's ally Goguryeo.

paragraphs: By fall 661, Su seiged Goguryeo's capital Pyongyang.

paragraphs: By spring 662, general Pang Xiaotai (龐孝泰) was killed. The Tang withdrew.

paragraphs: But the Tang later came back with more troops and defeated Gogoryeo in 668.

paragraphs: Liu Xu, the lead editor of the "Old Book of Tang", said of Su:


title: Sonic the Hedgehog 2 (8-bit)

paragraphs: The Master System version of the game was not released outside Europe and Brazil. The Master System version was released for the Wii's Virtual Console in 2008.


title: Zhongyuan

paragraphs: Zhongyuan () or the Central Plains are plains in the middle of China. It is southwest of Beijing. The Yellow River goes through it. It is where Chinese civilization originated from.

paragraphs: Since the beginning of recorded history, the Central Plain had central importance to the Middle Kingdom (China 中国).

paragraphs: It was considered the “Center of the World”. It was the capital of the Xia dynasty. The earliest Chinese writing, the Jiahu symbols and Jiagu writing came from here.

paragraphs: "Zhongyuan" is sometimes used to refer to all of Chinese civilization.


title: Cuphead

paragraphs: Cuphead is a run and gun indie video game developed and published by StudioMDHR. It was announced in 2013. It was released for Microsoft Windows and Xbox One in September 2017. It was released for macOS in October 2018, and for Nintendo Switch in April 2019. The game was inspired by the rubber hose style of animation used in cartoons of the 1930s.

paragraphs: Ben Kuchera of "Polygon" wrote that "Cuphead" was one of the five most interesting games at Microsoft's E3 2014 press conference. Even though he knew little about the game other than its aesthetic. He said it "stood out immediately" and that everyone in the website's press room reacted well to the trailer. "Cuphead" won the "IGN" Best Xbox One game at E3 award in 2015. It won the award for "Best Indie Game" at the Gamescom 2015 Awards. It was also nominated as "Best Independent Game" at the E3 2016 Game Critics Awards.

paragraphs: Many people say that "Cuphead" is a difficult game.

paragraphs: "Entertainment Weekly" said "Cuphead" was fifth on the list of its "Best Games of 2017". GamesRadar said it was ninth on their list of the 25 Best Games of 2017". "Polygon" said it was 14th on their list of the "50 best games of 2017".


title: Polygon (website)

paragraphs: Polygon is an American video game website that publishes news, culture, reviews, and videos. "Polygon" wanted to focus on the stories of the people making the games instead of the games themselves. They also produced long-form magazine-style feature articles, invested in video content, and chose to let their review scores be updated as the game changed.


title: Slavic paganism

paragraphs: Slavic paganism describes Slavic pagan beliefs before baptism and Christianisation

paragraphs: Sources about Slavs and their beliefs mainly come from the old Ruthenian chronicles and notes of German bishops. A lot of information contains Helmold's Chronica Sclavorum. There's also Chronicle of Thietmar, and the other chronicles, although they are not the only sources of information about Slavs and their beliefs. There's also for example from the diary of a Jewish trader of Slavs - Ibrahim Ibn Jacob, but he was not the only one - there are also notes and relations of Ibn Rosteh, one authors of "Arabic Sources for the History of Slavdom", here is a full list of the Authors :

paragraphs: The pantheon of gods in Slavic beliefs was large. Some of the most important are:

paragraphs: Some regions had different gods for different concepts. For example, West Slavs (mainly Polabians and Volinians) believed that Svetovid was a creator of the world while eastern ones believed that it was Rod.

paragraphs: Slavs had their own demonology. One of the most well-known demons in Slavic beliefs is Baba Yaga, with the appearance of an ugly and deformed woman. Baba Yaga has its counterparts in many european beliefs, such as the German Frau Holle and Italian Befana. There are also a lot of similarities the with Greek mythological witch Circe. There are also :

paragraphs: Polans and other Polish tribes came to the territory of today's Poland, probably in the VIII and IX century, bringing their beliefs on the west. Polans and their beliefs describes the Primary Chronicle wrote by Ruthenian chronicler Nestor. There are also famous Helmold's Chronica Slavorum and the other chronicles and notes of German bishops, geographs, as well as the old Ruthenian chroniclers and Jewish or Arabian traders of Slavs. The history of paganism as the main religion in Poland ends Baptism of Poland in 966, but it is not end of Slavic paganism in this country at all. Pagans would not agree to Christian reforms of Mieszko I and his sons, causing a Pagan Reaction in Poland that culminated in uprising of pagans in 1037-1038 (later supressed by Casimir the Restorer). During the uprising, pagans killed priests and destroyed churches.The end of the uprising was not the end of paganism in Poland. Pagans lived in Poland even to the XII century, when last pagans were Christianised in West Pomerania by bishop Otto from Bamberg and Boleslav III Wrymouth.

paragraphs: The beginings of Czech statehood we can found in 895, when there was founded the first Czech country ruled by the Premyslid dynasty. It was pagan until 925, when the country was baptized from the hands of east Franks. Pagan elites knew that it would cause the moving them away from power and will increase Frankish influence. They caused a rebellion against Vaclav, which failed. The leader of the rebellion was his wife - Drahomira. Although she lost the rebellion, there were still elites that resisted the reigns of Vaclav, so the brother of the Duke Boleslav I organised a coup against him. Probably in 935 during the feast, one of the followers of Boleslav, murdered Vaclav and his brother became the Duke of Bohemia. During his reign there were many pagans, many of which were Christianised after his death. It is unknown when the last Czech pagans were Christianised.

paragraphs: The term "Ruthenia" can refer to Kievan Rus', Novogrodian Rus', or Volynians and other Ruthenian, east Slavic countries and tribes. Paganism survived among the Eastern Slavs the longest time without being baptized. The baptism of Kievan Rus', toke from the hand of the Byzantines, didn't end Paganism in this country, although it caused paganism to become less popular, and a many people didin't admit to practicing Slavic beliefs. Vladimir the Great started the mass baptism of people in Dnieper, which didn't end paganism among people. The family of Vladimir was offically baptized, but still practiced paganism for a long time. There still existed Ruthenian tribes that were pagan, for example Volynians or White Croats. The last pagans survived maybe even to XIII century.

paragraphs: White Serbs, a Slavic tribe from White Serbia first settled in an area near Thessaloniki on the Balkans and in the 6th and early 7th century, established the Serbian Principality by the 8th century. The serbian rulers adopted the Byzantine Rite in 870. Serbians adopted well the new religion and, unlike in the countries above, there were not any pagan rebellions against the Christianity.


title: Daphne du Maurier

paragraphs: Dame Daphne du Maurier (13 May 1907 - 19 April 1989) was a British author. She is best known for her books "Jamaica Inn" (1936), "Rebecca" (1938) and "The Birds" (1952).


title: Yukiya Amano

paragraphs: Amano died on 18 July 2019 at the age of 72.


title: Don Mossi

paragraphs: Donald Louis Mossi (January 11, 1929 – July 19, 2019) was an American major league pitcher from 1954 to 1965. He was a left-handed control pitcher. He played for the Cleveland Indians (1954–1958), Detroit Tigers (1959–1963), Chicago White Sox (1964) and for the Kansas City Athletics (1965). Mossi was born in St. Helena, California.

paragraphs: Mossi died on July 19, 2019 in Nampa, Idaho at age 90.


title: St. Helena, California

paragraphs: St. Helena ( ; Wappo: Anakotanoma, "Bull Snake Village") is a city in Napa County, California. The population was 5,814 at the 2010 census.


title: Peter McNamara

paragraphs: Peter McNamara (5 July 1955 – 20 July 2019) was an Australian tennis player and coach. McNamara won five singles titles and nineteen doubles titles in his career. He won the 1980 and 1982 men's doubles championship at Wimbledon and the Australian Open doubles in 1979. McNamara's highest rank in doubles was No. 3. He was born in Melbourne.

paragraphs: McNamara died on 20 July 2019, at the age of 64, from prostate cancer in Sonthofen, Bavaria, Germany.


title: Chicago Daily News

paragraphs: The Chicago Daily News was an afternoon daily newspaper in the midwestern United States, published between 1876 and 1978 in Chicago, In 1984, Weston sold his rights to the "Chicago Daily News" trademark to Rupert Murdoch, who, at the time, was owner and publisher of the "Chicago Sun-Times".


title: Hugo Cóccaro

paragraphs: Hugo Omar Cóccaro (4 May 1954 – July 21 2019) was an Argentine Justicialist Party (PJ) politician. He was Governor of Tierra del Fuego Province from 2005 to 2007. Cóccaro was born in Saladillo, Argentina.

paragraphs: Cóccaro died on 21 July 2019 in Buenos Aires at the age of 65. The cause was cancer.


title: Antonino Cuffaro

paragraphs: Antonino Cuffaro (21 April 1932 – 20 July 2019) was an Italian politician. He was born in Sambuca di Sicilia, Italy. Cuffaro was a member of the Italian Parliament from 1976 to 1987 and again from 1994 to 1996. He was a member of the Italian Communist Party.

paragraphs: Cuffaro died on 20 July 2019 in Trieste, Italy at the age of 87.


title: Paul Krassner

paragraphs: Paul Krassner (April 9, 1932 – July 21, 2019) was an American author, journalist and comedian. He was the founder, editor and a contributor to the freethought magazine "The Realist". Krassner became an important figure in the counterculture of the 1960s as a member of Ken Kesey's Merry Pranksters. He was a founding member of the Yippies.

paragraphs: Krassner died on July 21, 2019 in Desert Hot Springs, California at the age of 87.


title: Desert Hot Springs, California

paragraphs: Desert Hot Springs, also known as DHS, is a city in Riverside County, California, United States. The city is located within the Coachella Valley region. The population was 25,938 at the 2010 census.


title: Lois Wille

paragraphs: Lois Jean Wille (née Kroeber; September 19, 1931 – July 23, 2019) was an American journalist, editor, and author. She won her first of two Pulitzer Prizes in 1963 for her reports about how the Chicago local government’s failure to have good services to low-income women.

paragraphs: Her stories led to a number of important policy changes in women’s healthcare, public housing, and the juvenile court systems. She was born in Chicago.

paragraphs: In 1989, she received her second Pulitzer Prize for editorial writing.

paragraphs: Wille died on July 23, 2019 in Chicago from a stroke at the age of


title: Republic of China (1912–1949)

paragraphs: The Republic of China (ROC) was a country that existed between 1912 and 1949. It is now the People's Republic of China. It was created in January 1912 after the Xinhai Revolution, which overthrew the Qing dynasty. The Republic's first president was Sun Yat-sen. Sun's party, the Kuomintang (KMT) won the parliamentary election in December 1912.

paragraphs: But Sun soon gave the position to Yuan Shikai, the leader of the Beiyang Army. The Beiyang Army also controlled the Beiyang government (which controlled Mongolia).

paragraphs: Between late 1915 and early 1916, Yuan Shikai called himself the Emperor of China. But people did not like it (National protection war).

paragraphs: After Yuan died death in 1916, the Beiyang government was further weakened by a brief restoration of the Qing dynasty. Various groups in the Beiyang Army claimed independence and fought with each other during the Warlord Era.

paragraphs: In 1921, the KMT created a rival government in Canton, supported by the Communist Party of China (CPC).

paragraphs: North China was overtaxed and had too many fighting warlords. So its economy died between 1927 and 1928.

paragraphs: General Jiang Jieshi became the KMT leader after Sun's death. Jiang started the Northern Expedition in 1926 and overthrew the Beiyang government in 1928. In April 1927, Jiang created a nationalist government in Nanjing and massacred Communists in Shanghai. This forced the CPC into armed rebellion, starting the Chinese Civil War.

paragraphs: China experienced industrialization and modernization but suffered conflicts between the Nationalist government in Nanking, the CPC, warlords, and the Empire of Japan.

paragraphs: Eventually the Chinese unified to fight against their common enemy: the Japanese. In 1937 the Imperial Japanese Army invaded China in 1937. The Second Sino-Japanese War began.

paragraphs: In 1945 Japan surrendered at the end of World War II.

paragraphs: In 1946, the Chinese Civil War between the KMT and CPC restarted.

paragraphs: In 1949, the CPC defeated the KMT and started the People's Republic of China (PRC).

paragraphs: Jiang Jieshi and the KMT fled to Taiwan.


title: Varieties of Chinese

paragraphs: Chinese is a branch of the Han-Tibetan language family. It has hundreds of local languages, many of which are not mutually understandable. There is more variation in the mountainous southeast. There are main seven groups: Mandarin, Wu, Min, Xiang, Gan, Hakka and Yue. But more research is being done.

paragraphs: Chinese varieties differ most in their phonology (sounds), but have similar vocabulary and syntax (grammar). Southern varieties tend to have fewer initial consonants but more often preserve the Middle Chinese final consonants. All have tones. Northern varieties have fewer tones. Many have tone sandhi (biandao). Zhejiang coast and eastern Guangdong has some of the most complex patterns.

paragraphs: Standard Chinese is based on the Beijing dialect. Its vocabulary is based on Mandarin group and grammar based on literature in the modern written vernacular. It is the official language of China, one of the four official languages of Singapore, and one of the six official languages of the United Nations.

paragraphs: In 2nd millennium BC, a form of Chinese was spoken in around the Huanghe. It then expanded east across the North China Plain to Shandong and then south towards the Yangzi river valley. It replaced former languages in the south.

paragraphs: During times of unity, people wanted to use a common standard language to make communication easier between people.

paragraphs: Evidence for dialectal variation is found in texts from the Spring and Autumn period (722–479 BC). At that time, the Zhou still defined a standard speech. The "Fangyan" (1st century CE) studies the differences in vocabulary between regions. Texts from the Eastern Han period also discuss local differences in pronunciation. The "Qieyun" rhyme book (601) noted wide variation in pronunciation between regions. It wanted to define a standard pronunciation for reading the classics. This standard is called Middle Chinese.

paragraphs: The North China Plain was flat and easy to move around. So people in the north pretty much spoke the same language.

paragraphs: But South China had many mountains and rivers. So it had six major groups of Chinese languages, with great internal diversity, particularly in Fujian.

paragraphs: Until the mid-20th century, most Chinese people spoke only their local language. But the Ming and Qing dynasties defined a common language based on Mandarin. It was known as "Guānhuà" (官話, "speech of officials"). Knowledge of guanhua was essential for a career as a government official.

paragraphs: Until the 20th century, Classical Chinese was the written standard.

paragraphs: The Republic of China replaced as the written standard by written vernacular Chinese, which was based on northern dialects. In the 1930s a standard national language was adopted, with its pronunciation based on the Beijing dialect, but with vocabulary also drawn from other Mandarin varieties. It is the official spoken language of the People's Republic of China.

paragraphs: Standard Mandarin Chinese now dominates public life. The only other Chinese that may be commonly taught in colleges is Cantonese.

paragraphs: These are sometimes divided into three groups: Northern (Mandarin), Central (Wu, Gan, and Xiang) and Southern (Hakka, Yue, and Min).

paragraphs: Southern Group may come from the Yangzi river during the Han dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD). This is sometimes called the Old Southern Chinese.

paragraphs: The Central group was transitional between the Northern and Southern groups.


title: Peter Hamm

paragraphs: Peter Hamm (27 February 1937 – 22 July 2019) was a German poet, author, journalist, editor and literary critic. He wrote many documentaries about Ingeborg Bachmann and Peter Handke. He wrote for the German weekly newspapers "Der Spiegel" and "Die Zeit". From 1964 to 2002, Hamm worked as contributing editor for culture for the broadcster Bayerischer Rundfunk. He was born in Munich.

paragraphs: Hamm was in a domestic partnership with actress Marianne Koch from 1970 until his death.

paragraphs: Hamm died on 22 July 2019 in Tutzing, Germany at the age of 82.


title: Marianne Koch

paragraphs: Marianne Koch (born 19 August 1931) is a German actress. She is best known for her roles in spaghetti westerns and adventure movies of the 1960s. She later worked as a television host and as a physician. She was in a relationship with Peter Hamm from 1970 until his death in 2019. Koch was born in Munich.

paragraphs: Koch is known for her roles in "Night People" alongside Gregory Peck and in Sergio Leone's 1964 movie "A Fistful of Dollars" alongside Clint Eastwood.


title: Francisco Grau

paragraphs: Francisco Grau Vegara (22 January 1947 – 21 July 2019) was a Spanish musician, composer and General in the Spanish Armed Forces. He was born in Bigastro, Alicante. In January 2008, Grau became the first General of Music in the Spanish Armed Forces, having been made a colonel some years previously. From 1988 – 2008, he was also director of the Musical Unit of the Spanish Royal Guard.


title: Bologna massacre

paragraphs: The Bologna massacre was the bombing of Bologna Centrale railway station in Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Italy by Nuclei Armati Rivoluzionari. It happened on 2 August 1980. It killed 85 people and injured over 200 others. It was Italy's worst terrorist attack.


title: Art Neville

paragraphs: Arthur Lanon Neville (December 17, 1937 – July 22, 2019) was an American singer-songwriter and keyboardist. He was born in New Orleans, Louisiana. Neville was a part of The Neville Brothers. He was a founding member of The Meters. He also played with the spinoff group The Funky Meters.

paragraphs: Neville performed with singers Labelle (on "Lady Marmalade"), Paul McCartney, Lee Dorsey, Robert Palmer, Dr. John and Professor Longhair.

paragraphs: Neville died at the age of 81 on July 22, 2019 from a long-illness.


title: Hans Lagerqvist

paragraphs: Hans Ture Lennart Lagerqvist (28 April 1940 – 22 July 2019) was a Swedish pole vaulter. He won a silver medal at the 1972 European Athletics Indoor Championships. Lagerqvist placed fourth at the 1971 European Championships and seventh at the 1971 European Athletics Indoor Championships and 1972 Olympics.

paragraphs: Lagerqvist was born in Gothenburg. He died on 22 July 2019 in Stockholm from brain cancer, aged 79.


title: Brigitte Kronauer

paragraphs: Brigitte Kronauer (29 December 1940 – 22 July 2019) was a German writer. She was born in Essen, Germany. In 2005, she was awarded the Georg Büchner Prize for her literary works.

paragraphs: Kronauer died on 22 July 2019 in Hamburg from a long-illness at the age of 78.


title: Maxim Dadashev

paragraphs: Maxim Kaibkhanovich Dadashev (September 30, 1990 – July 23, 2019) was a Russian boxer. He competed in the light welterweight (63.5 kg) division. Dadshev was a participant of the 2015 European Games.

paragraphs: Dadashev was a Russian amateur champion. He was born in Leningrad, Soviet Union (now Saint Petersburg, Russia). Dadashev won the vacant NABF super lightweight title in June 2018.

paragraphs: On July 19, 2019, Dadashev lost to opponent Subriel Matías at MGM National Harbor in Oxon Hill, Maryland. When leaving the ring, Dadashev collapsed. He had brain surgery and placed in a medically induced coma. Dadashev died from his injuries on July 23 at a hospital in Cheverly, Maryland at the age of 28.


title: Oxon Hill, Maryland

paragraphs: Oxon Hill is an unincorporated area and census-designated place (CDP) in southern Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. Oxon Hill is a suburb of Washington, D.C.. As of the 2010 census Oxon Hill had a population of 17,722.


title: Cheverly, Maryland

paragraphs: Cheverly is a town in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. It is located near Washington, D.C.. The town was founded in 1918, and it was incorporated in 1931. Cheverly had 6,173 residents as of the 2010 Census.


title: Storm Area 51

paragraphs: "Storm Area 51, They Can't Stop All of Us" is a Facebook event that was planned for September 20, 2019 at Area 51, a United States Air Force (USAF). The purpose of the event was to raid the site in search for aliens while they "Naruto run". The event was created by Matty Roberts as a satire event. Roberts posted the event on June 27, 2019. About 3,000,000 people responded "going" or "interested" on the event's page.

paragraphs: Air Force officials and Nevada state officials warned the group members not to raid the area or otherwise they would use executive force.

paragraphs: Copycat events such as plans to storm a secret vault of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, Loch Ness, and the Bermuda Triangle have also been created.


title: Arcadia Group

paragraphs: Arcadia Group plc is a British multinational retailing company headquartered in London, United Kingdom. It owns the high street clothing retailers Burton, Dorothy Perkins, Evans, Miss Selfridge, Topman, Topshop, Wallis and the out of town chain Outfit, which sells lines from the other group chains. The group has more than 2,500 outlets in the UK, concessions in UK department stores such as Debenhams, Selfridges, as well as several hundred franchises in other countries.

paragraphs: The company is majority owned by Taveta Investments, itself owned by Tina Green, the wife of Sir Philip Green, who is himself the chairman of the Arcadia Group. Philip Green has been involved in a number of controversies during his career, including the payment of generous dividends to Richard Caring, Tom Hunter, and Philip Green's family prior to the demise of BHS.

paragraphs: In April 2019, it was reported that the Arcadia group, controlled by Philip Green's family, had recorded a £300m deficit into its pension fund, while the Green family had cashed out £1.2bn in dividends from Arcadia in 2005.

paragraphs: British MP Frank Field, who previously investigated the BHS pension deficit, has publicly criticised Philip Green for paying huge dividends to his family and friend Richard Caring "when things are going well", and making his employees pay "when things are not going well".


title: SABMiller

paragraphs: SABMiller plc was a multinational brewing and beverage company headquartered in London, England. It is the world's second-largest brewer measured by revenues (after the Belgian-Brazilian-American Anheuser-Busch InBev) and is also a major bottler of Coca-Cola. Its brands include Fosters, Grolsch, Miller, Peroni and Pilsner Urquell. It has operations in 80 countries world-wide and in 2009 sold around 21 billion litres of beverages.

paragraphs: SABMiller's origins date back to the foundation of South African Breweries in 1895 as to serve a growing market of miners and prospectors in and around Johannesburg. Two years later, it became the first industrial company to list on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. From the early 1990s onwards, the company increasingly expanded internationally, making several acquisitions in both emerging and developed markets. In 1999, it formed a new UK-based holding company, SAB plc, and moved its primary listing to London. In May 2002, SAB plc acquired Miller Brewing, forming SABMiller plc.

paragraphs: SABMiller has a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. It has a market capitalisation of approximately £42 billion as of 24 October 2015, the 6th-largest of any company with a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange. It has a secondary listing on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange.

paragraphs: In October 2015, Anheuser-Busch InBev announced plans to acquire SABMiller for £69 billion ($104 billion).


title: Home Retail Group

paragraphs: Home Retail Group plc is one of the UK's leading home and general merchandise retailers. It is the parent company of Argos and Habitat. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index.

paragraphs: Home Retail Group owns a number of well-known brands, including Alba, Bush, Chad Valley, Challenger, Cherokee, Cooksworks, Habitat, Heart of House, Hygena, Schreiber, and Sovereign.


title: Veles (god)

paragraphs: Veles is a Slavic god of wealth, undergrounds and trade. It is very important in Pomeranian Slavs religion.


title: Marzanna

paragraphs: Marzanna (in Polish), Marena (in Russian), Morana (in Czech, Bulgarian, Slovene, and Serbo-Croatian), or Morena or Kyselica (in Slovak), Morena (in Macedonian), Maslenitsa (in Russia) and also Mara (in Belarusian and Ukrainian), Maržena, Moréna, Mora or Marmora, Morė (in Lithuanian) is the goddess of death and winter in Slavic paganism. In many Slavic countries, it is very popular to burn a doll, that represents Marzanna, when it's beginning of spring.


title: Gerovit

paragraphs: Gerovit is a god of war in Slavic beliefs. Almost everything we know about him, we know thanks to German bishops, who visited Slavic countries.


title: Zhangzhung

paragraphs: Zhangzhung (Tibetan: ཞང་ཞུང; Tibetan pinyin: Xangxang; Chinese: 象雄; pronounced Shangshung) was a kingdom of western China (Tibet) and northern India before the 7th century. The religion of Zhangzhung is Bon, and the people are sometimes called Bonpo. The Bon religion influenced Tibet and Tibetan Buddhism. The Zhangzhung are mentioned frequently in Tibetan texts as the original rulers of central and western Tibet.

paragraphs: We are still trying to learn more about them.

paragraphs: Zhang Zhung had three different regions:

paragraphs: It was an independent kingdom and covered all of Western Tibet.

paragraphs: The capital was Khyunglung, the "Silver Palace of Garuda", southwest of Mount Kailash, with palaces found in the upper Sutlej Valley.

paragraphs: Scientists dug stuff in the Chang Tang plateau and found iron. These may be the Zhangzhung's iron.

paragraphs: The "Tang Annals" say that the Tibetan emperor Songtsen Gampo conquered and unified the Zhangzhung. In 634, Yangtong (Zhang Zhung) and various Qiang tribes, "altogether submitted to him." Gampo then united the Yangtong to defeat the 'Azha or Tuyuhun and conquer two more Qiang tribes. He then threatened Songzhou (China) with an army of more than 200,000 men. He then sent gifts of gold and silk to the Tang emperor to marry a princess. At first the Emperor Gaozong of Tang refused so Gampo attacked Songzhou. But Gampo later gave up and apologized so the emperor married him to Princess Wencheng.

paragraphs: There are some Zhangzhung texts and 11th century bilingual Tibetan documents. The Zhangzhung language was related to Kinnauri, a Sino–Tibetan language.

paragraphs: The Bonpo claim that the Tibetan writing system is derived from the Zhangzhung alphabet. However Tibetan script comes from a North Indian script. Non-Bon Tibetan texts agree.

paragraphs: A modern Kinnauri language of the same name (pronounced Jangshung) is spoken by 2,000 people in the Sutlej Valley of Himachal Pradesh, India. They claim to be descendants of the Zhangzhung.

paragraphs: Bonpo religion was founded by a Buddha-like person named Tonpa Shenrab Miwoche. Tonpa's teachings are very similar to Gautama Buddha. Bonpos claim that Tonpa lived 18,000 years ago and visited Tibet from the land of Tagzig Olmo Lung Ring (modern Tajikstan) or Shambhala.

paragraphs: The Bonpo claim that during this time Lord Tonpa's teachings entered the Indian subcontinent and helped develop the Vedic religion (Hinduism).

paragraphs: An example of this link between Bon and Hinduism is Mount Kailash, the center of Zhang Zhung culture and also most sacred mountain to Hindus. As a result, the Bonpos claim that Hinduism owes its origin to Tonpa Shenrab Miwoche.


title: Video assistant referee

paragraphs: Video assistant referee (VAR) is a system that helps referees to decide better about players fouls, if a goal was valid, red card decisions, etc. in soccer matches. When the referee is going to review a play on the field at the VAR box, they outline a square with their hands, as if showing the outline of a TV screen. It was used for the first time in the 2016 FIFA Club World Cup. It was used for the first time for international matches in the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup. The first time VAR was used in the FIFA World Cup was in the 2018 World Cup.

paragraphs: In March 2018, the VAR was permanentely written into the Laws of the Game by the International Football Association Board (IFAB).

paragraphs: There are 3 categories of decisions that can be reviewed:

paragraphs: The referee can review the play on the field by going to the VAR box, listen to the VAR's recommendation, or completely ignore the VAR advice. The referee can only review the play on the field with recommendation of the VAR to prevent the referee from relying on it too much.

paragraphs: The VAR system has been criticised by many people, mostly because of how much time is used up in reviews, overly relying on it, and causing confusion. Manager Mauricio Pochettino said "it made everyone confused". He also said that he felt sorry for the fans and for the referee after an FA Cup match.


title: Nir, Iran

paragraphs: Nir is a city in iran that located in the north west of iran in the Ardabil province&it is a part of the nir county.It is famous for tourism area calls bolaghlar.


title: Slavic Native Faith

paragraphs: Slavic Naitive Faith - is modern pagan religion, which is related to Slavic paganism. It's sometimes called Rodnovery.


title: Tōyō Bunko

paragraphs: The is Japan's largest Asian studies library. It is one of the world's five largest libraries. It is located in Tokyo.

paragraphs: It contains around 950,000 documents, written in Asian, Western and Japanese languages.

paragraphs: It was started by Mitsubishi Motors and opened in 1924.


title: Oyanagi Shigeta

paragraphs: Oyanagi Shigeta (小柳司気太, 1870 December 24 - 1940 July 18 ) is a Japanese scholar of Chinese literature and Taoism. He is from Niigata Prefecture and graduated from Tokyo Imperial University. His mom's last name is Kumakura (熊倉).


title: Epigraphy

paragraphs: Epigraphy is the study of writings, inscriptions (epigraphs) on things like rocks, clay, stone, paper, etc. It is used to study writing; often for learning about languages of the past.


title: Mokosh

paragraphs: Mokosh () is a Slavic goddess of nature.


title: Luo Zhenyu

paragraphs: Luo Zhenyu (August 8, 1866 – May 14, 1940), courtesy name Shuyun (叔蘊), was a Chinese classical scholar, philologist, epigrapher, antiquarian. He supported the Qing dynasty, even after it fell.


title: Silesian language

paragraphs: Silesian or Upper Silesian (Silesian: / ; ; , , ; ) from the West Slavic language family. Some linguists say, that it is a dialect of Polish, because of big similarities between these languages. It's mostly spoken in Poland, but also in the Czech Republic and Germany.


title: Cen Chunxuan

paragraphs: Cen Chunxuan (1861 – 27 April 1933) was a Zhuang Chinese politician who lived in the late Qing dynasty and Republic of China. He wanted the Qing to become a monarchy based on a constitution (written set of laws). Empress Dowager Cixi supported him. He was a governor of Guangdong and became a warlord during the ROC but then Sun Yat-sen's government replaced his.


title: Suzhou High School

paragraphs: Suzhou High School of Jiangsu Province (), is a Chinese public high school. It has over 1000 years of history.

paragraphs: Many famous people graduated from there. It is in Suzhou, Jiangsu. In 1035, the Northern Song politician Fan Zhongyan founded it ().


title: Taibei Imperial University

paragraphs: Taibei Imperial University was created in March 16, 1928. At the time Japan ( the Empire of Japan ) controlled Taiwan. It was renamed National Taiwan University (NTU). After Japan lost the war, the Republic of China took over and made part of it the National Chung Hsing University today.


title: Fujita Toyohachi

paragraphs: Fujita Toyohachi (Kanji: 藤田豊八；Hiragana: ふじたとよはち) is a Japanese writer and professor in East Asian History. He lived from 1869 October 19 to 1929 July 15. He is from Tokushima Prefecture. His (Chinese) pen name name was Jianfeng / Kenfou (劍峰).

paragraphs: He founded a school in Jiangsu, China. He was a teacher at Beijing University (the Imperial University, 京師大學堂), author of Secondary Education East Asian history《中等教育東洋史》and Research on the History of East-West Interactions《東西交涉史之研究（東西交渉史の研究）》。

paragraphs: He collected over 1700 Chinese books. After he died, those were sent to the Toyo Bunko (東洋文庫) and put into a section called Fujita's library「藤田文庫」。

paragraphs: In 1869, Fujita was born in Awa Province (Tokushima).

paragraphs: In 1895 he graduated from the University of Tokyo Liberal arts school with a degree in Chinese language studies.

paragraphs: After that he taught the history of Chinese literature at Waseda University, Toyo University, and other schools

paragraphs: In 1896, he cofounded the Dongya Xueyuan (東亞學院, East Asia College) with Oyanagi Shigeta and others. Fujita also founded the journal "Jiangsu Wenxue"《江湖文學》(Jiangsu Literature).

paragraphs: In 1898 he helped create the Dongwen Xueshe (東文學社, East Asian literature society) with Luo Zhenyu.

paragraphs: After 1904 Cen Chunxuan (岑春煊) governor of Guangxi and Guangdong asked Fujita to help with education.

paragraphs: In 1905, he also helped create Suzhou high school (江苏师范学堂). He invited more than 10 teachers from Japan. The Qing dynasty then awarded him a medal. In 1909 Fujita became a professor at the prestigious Beijing University.

paragraphs: In 1912, Japan returned to Japan. He lived in Tokyo and researched the history of East-West interactions. In 1920 he got a PhD in literature.

paragraphs: In 1923 he was professor at Waseda University. He taught the history of East-West sea transportation and the history of the Western regions (China, Xiyu, modern day Xinjiang).

paragraphs: In 1925 he became professor at the imperial Tokyo University and first lecturer on East Asian history.

paragraphs: In 1928 he became a professor and Minister of culture and politics at Taibei Imperial University (臺北帝國大學). In May 1929 he returned to Tokyo to give a lecture on the history of the Xiyu again. But in July he died of kidney failure.


title: Western Regions

paragraphs: The Western Regions or Xiyu () refers to Central Asia, specifically west of the Yumen pass. It was used in Chinese between the 3rd century BC to the 8th century AD.

paragraphs: It sometimes refers to Xinjiang or even northern parts of the Indian subcontinent (as in the novel "Journey to the West").

paragraphs: Because it is located on the Silk Road, the xiyu have been important since at least the 3rd century BC.

paragraphs: The Han–Xiongnu War (ended 89 AD) was fought there.

paragraphs: In the 7th century, the Tang campaign against the Western Regions led to Chinese control of the region.

paragraphs: The xiyu became an important place of exchange between East Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and the Muslim world.

paragraphs: This was especially true during the Mongol Empire.

paragraphs: Buddhism spread through the region to China.

paragraphs: The Tang dynasty monk Xuanzang crossed the region on his way to study in India. When he returned to Chang'an, the influential "Great Tang Records on the Western Regions" was written.


title: Weilüe

paragraphs: The Weilüe () was written by Yu Huan between 239 and 265. Yu Huan was a politician of Cao Wei (220–265) during the Three Kingdoms period (220–280). Yu Huan is considered good among Chinese scholars.


title: Cologny

paragraphs: Cologny is a municipality in the canton of Geneva, Switzerland.


title: Emperor Ming of Han

paragraphs: Emperor Ming of Han (15 June 28 AD – 5 September 75 AD) was the second emperor of China's Eastern Han Dynasty.


title: Kalman filter

paragraphs: The Kalman filter is an algorithm (a step-by-step process) that helps people remove errors from numbers. It is named for Rudolf E. Kálmán, a mathematician who helped to make it.

paragraphs: Science can use the Kalman filter in many ways. One important use is steering airplanes and space ships. People also use the Kalman filter to make a model of how humans use nerves and muscles to move their bodies.

paragraphs: The Kalman filter has two steps. The first step is predicting (trying to say what you think will happen). The Kalman filter makes a first guess about what we think is true (an "estimate") and how certain we are that it is true ("uncertainty"). Next, the Kalman filter makes a new guess by using a weighted average. More certain numbers are more important in this weighted average. After doing these two steps, we use the new guess to start these steps again.


title: An Shigao

paragraphs: An Shigao () lived from 148-180 CE. He was a Buddhist. And he helped translate Indian Buddhist texts into Chinese. According to legend, he was a prince of Parthia (modern Iran). He gave up being a prince to become a Buddhist missionary monk in China.


title: Thônex

paragraphs: Thônex is a municipality of the canton of Geneva, Switzerland. It is in the east of the canton and shares a border with the French town of Ambilly.

paragraphs: In 1869, the municipality was created when Chêne-Thônex split into two independent municipalities Chêne-Bourg and Thônex.


title: American Indian Wars

paragraphs: The American Indian Wars (also known as the Indian Wars or the First Nations Wars; ) is the name for the various battles that were fought by European, American, and Canadian governments and colonists against various American Indian and First Nation tribes. These conflicts happened in North America from the time of the earliest colonial settlements in the 17th century until the 1920s. The various Indian Wars resulted from a wide variety of factors, including cultural differences, land disputes, and crimes committed by both sides. The European powers and their colonies also enlisted Indian tribes to help them do war against each other's colonial settlements.

paragraphs: After the American Revolution, many conflicts were local to specific states or regions. The conflicts were usually about disputes over land use; some had cycles of violent actions. The British Royal Proclamation of 1763, included in the Constitution of Canada, banned white settlers from taking the lands of native peoples in Canada without signing a treaty with them. It is still law in Canada today, and 11 Numbered Treaties, limited the number of conflicts.

paragraphs: As white settlers went west across America after 1780, the size, length of time, and intensity of conflicts increased between settlers and various Indians. The biggest came in the War of 1812, which resulted in the defeat of major Indian coalitions in the Midwest and the South. Conflict with settlers happened less, and treaties became more common. The Indian Removal Act of 1830 allowed the US government to remove natives from east of the Mississippi River to the west. The west was what the government believed to be empty American frontier. (Many tribes had a lot of territory in this area, however.) The federal US policy of removal was eventually changed in the West. It was changed to relocating Indian tribes to specially designated and federally protected reservations.


title: Yao Qian Shu

paragraphs: The money tree (Chinese: 搖錢樹; yao qian shu; literally: shake money tree) is a holy tree that can give you money if you shake it.

paragraphs: It came from the Han Dynasty. Bronze qianshu are appear a lot in Sichuan graves.


title: Dry county

paragraphs: A dry county is a county in the United States whose government does not allow the sale of any kind of alcoholic beverages. Some don't allow off-premises sales, some don't allow on-premises sale, and some don't allow both. Many dry counties exist in the United States. Most of them in the South. Some smaller jurisdictions also exist, such as cities, towns, and townships, which don't allow alcohol to be sold. These are known as dry cities, dry towns, or dry townships. Dry jurisdictions can be contrasted with "wet" (minimal alcohol prohibitions) and "moist" (fewer prohibitions than "dry" but more than "wet").


title: Parliament of Finland

paragraphs: The Parliament of Finland (, ) is the unicameral supreme legislature of Finland. It was founded on 9 May 1906. It works with the Constitution of Finland. The power is vested in the Parliament. The Parliament is made up of 200 members, 199 of whom are elected every four years. In addition, there is one member from Åland.

paragraphs: Legislation may start by either the Government or one of the members of Parliament.


title: Kucha

paragraphs: Kucha (, ) was an ancient Buddhist kingdom in Xinjiang (East Turkestan).


title: Jeremy Kemp

paragraphs: Jeremy Kemp (3 January 1935 – 19 July 2019) was an English actor. He was known for his roles in the miniseries "The Winds of War", the movie "The Blue Max" and the TV series "Z-Cars".


title: Michael English (politician)

paragraphs: Michael English (24 December 1930 – 13 July 2019) was a British Labour Party politician. He was a Member of Parliament for the British Parliament for Nottingham West from 1964 to 1983.

paragraphs: English died on 13 July 2019 at the age of 88.


title: Nicodemus, Kansas

paragraphs: Nicodemus is an unincorporated community in Graham County, Kansas, United States. The community was created in 1877. it is named after the Biblical figure Nicodemus.

paragraphs: The Nicodemus National Historic Site is in Nicodemus. The place commemorates the only remaining western town created by African Americans during the Reconstruction Period. During the last weekend of July, former residents and their descendants return for celebrations and parades.

paragraphs: In 1976, Nicodemus was named a National Historic Landmark. As of 2018, its First Baptist Church, African Methodist Episcopal Church, and other historic buildings are in bad condition that they cannot be opened to the public.

paragraphs: The United States Census Bureau says that the Nicodemus township has an area of 32.4 square miles. The town is along Highway 24 in the Great Plains.

paragraphs: Summer is typically long and hot. Thunderstorms are common during summer. Spring and fall are usually short, while winter is cold. The average precipitation is about 22 inches.


title: Lengger

paragraphs: Lengger is a traditional dance from the Banyumasan area of the central Java, Indonesia.


title: Ragged school

paragraphs: Ragged schools were free schools for poor children’s education in nineteenth-century Britain. The London Ragged Schools Union was established in April 1844. They gave free education, food, clothes and other services. The classes were sometimes held in stables, lofts and railway arches. Most teachers were volunteers but there were some who were paid. About 300,000 children went to London ragged schools between 1844 and 1881.

paragraphs: There was no legal structure which supported primary education in England until the second half of the 19th century. There were, however, Church of England schools.

paragraphs: Parliament did not lay down rules for education until 1870, the year of Forster's Education Act (Elementary Education Act of 1870). The Elementary Education Act 1880 (the Mundella Act) made school boards enforce compulsory attendance from 5 to 10 years. Attendance officers might visit the homes of absent (truant) children. Children who were employed needed a certificate to show they had reached the educational standard. Employers of these children who could not show this were penalised.

paragraphs: The 1891 Elementary Education Act provided for the state payment of school fees up to ten shillings per head. This made primary education free. The Elementary Education (School Attendance) Act 1893 raised the school leaving age to 11.


title: Fedio

paragraphs: Fedio (also spelled Fedyo; ) is a Syrian village located in Latakia Governorate. Fedio had a population of 4,065 in the 2004 census.


title: Pinyin for other languages

paragraphs: Chinese Pinyin is used for other languages besides Standard Mandarin and other Varieties of Chinese. In China different pinyin systems are used for Mongolian, Uyghur, Manchu, and Tibetan.

paragraphs: The former State Administration of Surveying and Mapping, Geographical Names Committee and former Script Reform Committee created these pinyin methods.


title: Latakia Governorate

paragraphs: Latakia Governorate ( / ALA-LC: "Muḥāfaẓat al-Lādhiqīyah") is one of the fourteen governorates (provinces) of Syria. It is situated in western Syria, bordering Turkey. Its reported area varies in different sources from 2,297 km² to 2,437 km². The governorate has a population of 991,000 (2010 estimate). Members of the Alawite sect form a majority in the governorate, although Armenians, Turkmen, and Sunni Kurds form the majorities in the Kessab, Jabal Turkman, and Jabal al-Akrad regions respectively. The capital of Latakia had, by 2010 estimates, 400,000 inhabitants, 50% of whom were Alawites, 30% were Sunni, and 20% Christian.

paragraphs: The Latakia Governorate borders Turkey to the north, Tartous to the south, Hama and Idlib to the east and the Mediterranean sea to the west. Although the western part of the governorate consists mainly of coastal plains, the eastern parts are mountainous, with the Syrian Coastal Mountain Range running north to south, parallel to the coastal plains. Its highest peak, Nabi Yunis, is 1562 meters (5,125 ft) tall with the average elevation only about 1200 meters. The western areas of the governorate catch moisture-laden winds from the Mediterranean Sea and are thus more fertile and more heavily populated than the eastern slopes.

paragraphs: The Orontes River flows north alongside the range on its eastern verge in the Ghab valley, a longitudinal trench, and then around the northern edge of the range to flow into the Mediterranean. Another important river is Nahr al-Kabir al-Shamali, a river running from the Turkish border and to the southwest to flow in the Mediterranean with the "16 Tishreen dam", one of the most important in the region, being constructed to use the river power generation, storage of rain and river water, and the creation of "Mashqita lake".

paragraphs: The following cities are the administrative centres of the districts in Latakia Governorate (Population based on 2004 official census):

paragraphs: The governorate is divided into four districts ("manatiq"):

paragraphs: These are further divided into 22 sub-districts (nawahi).

paragraphs: The governorate is located on the Mediterranean Sea, which gave it great economic importance, most notably the capital of the governorate, Latakia, which serves as not only the governorate's but also Syria's main port. Its port was established on 12 February 1950.

paragraphs: Its imported cargo include clothing, construction materials, vehicles, furniture, minerals, tobacco, cotton, and food supplies such as lintels, onions, wheat, barley, dates, grains and figs, and in 2008, the port handled about 8 million tons of cargo.

paragraphs: The governorate is also a tourist destination for many Syrian locals, the Cote d'Azur Beach of Latakia is Syria's premier coastal resort, and offers water skiing, jet skiing, and windsurfing. The city contains eight hotels, two of which have five-star ratings; both the Cote d'Azur de Cham Hotel and Lé Meridien Lattiquie Hotel are located north of the city, at Cote d'Azur. The latter hotel has 274 rooms and is the only international hotel in the city.

paragraphs: Also, window shopping and evening strolls in the markets is considered a favorite pastime in Latakia. Numerous designer-label stores line 8 Azar Street, and the heart of the city's shopping area is the series of blocks enclosed by 8 Azar Street, Yarmouk Street, and Saad Zaghloul Street in the city center. Cinemas in Latakia include Ugarit Cinema, al-Kindi, and a smaller theater off al-Moutanabbi Street.

paragraphs: In 2010, Latakia City was 50% Alawite, 40% Sunni and 10% Christian, however, the rural hinterland has an Alawite majority of roughly 70%, with Christians making up 14%, Sunni Muslims making up 12%, and Ismailis representing the remaining 2%. The city of Latakia, the governorate's center, serves as the capital of the Alawite population and is a major cultural center for the religion. Christians form a majority in the northmost part of the governorate, in the town of Kessab, and in many neighborhoods in Latakia such as the American street.

paragraphs: The primary languages of the province are Arabic, Armenian and Turcoman. Arabic is spoken in all district centers of the governorate and most, if not all towns and villages surrounding them, with the North Levantine dialect mostly used, with the exception of the town of Kessab, a historically Armenian-populated town where Armenian is the primary language in it and the surrounding villages such as Sev Aghpyur, Esguran and Duzaghaj, and the Turkmen Mountain where Turcoman is spoken primarily.

paragraphs: The Kurdish minority in the governorate have mostly shifted to speaking Arabic in recent years, but nonetheless, those who speak Kurdish use the Kurmanji dialect of the language, mainly in Jabal al-Akrad.


title: Wanda Vázquez Garced

paragraphs: Wanda Vázquez Garced is a Puerto Rican lawyer and politician. She has been the 14th governor of Puerto Rico since August 7, 2019. She also was Secretary of Justice from 2017 to 2019.


title: Suffern, New York

paragraphs: Suffern is a village that was created in 1796 in the town of Ramapo, Rockland County, New York, United States. As of the 2010 census, Suffern's population was 10,723.


title: Youssef Chahed

paragraphs: Youssef Chahed (Arabic: يوسف الشاهد; born 18 September 1975) is a Tunisian politician. He was the Head of Government of Tunisia from 2016 to 2020. He was Secretary of State for Fishing from 2015 to 2016 and Minister of Local Affairs in 2016. He was a member of the Nidaa Tounes party until he formed Long Live Tunisia.

paragraphs: A failed presidential candidate, Chahed came in fifth place in the 2019 election.


title: Napoleon, Ohio

paragraphs: Napoleon is a city in and the county seat of Henry County, Ohio, United States. It is located near the Maumee River. It is 44 miles southwest of Toledo. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 8,749.


title: Bloomfield, Connecticut

paragraphs: Bloomfield is a town in Hartford County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 20,486 at the 2010 census.


title: Eliel Saarinen

paragraphs: Gottlieb Eliel Saarinen (; August 20, 1873 – July 1, 1950) was a Finnish-American architect known for his work with art nouveau buildings in the early years of the 20th century.


title: Maumee River

paragraphs: The Maumee River (pronounced ) (Shawnee: "Hotaawathiipi"; Miami-Illinois: "Taawaawa siipiiwi") is a river running from northeastern Indiana into northwestern Ohio and Lake Erie in the United States. The city of Toledo is located at the mouth of the Maumee.

paragraphs: It is the largest watershed of any of the rivers feeding the Great Lakes, and supplies five percent of Lake Erie’s water.


title: Grand Rapids, Ohio

paragraphs: Grand Rapids is a village in Grand Rapids Township, Wood County, Ohio, United States. It is located along the Maumee River. The population was 965 at the 2010 census.


title: Henry County, Ohio

paragraphs: Henry County is a county in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2010 census, the population was 28,215. Its county seat is Napoleon. The county was created in 1820. It is named for Patrick Henry.

paragraphs: According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 420 square miles (1,100 km), of which 416 square miles (1,080 km) is land and 3.7 square miles (9.6 km) (0.9%) is water.


title: Blue Hills, Connecticut

paragraphs: Blue Hills is a community in Hartford County, Connecticut. It is made up by the northwest corner of the city of Hartford and the southeast corner of the town of Bloomfield.

paragraphs: The Bloomfield portion is listed by the U.S. Census Bureau as a census-designated place (CDP), with a population of 2,901 at the 2010 census.


title: Dikembe Mutombo

paragraphs: Dikembe Mutombo Mpolondo Mukamba Jean-Jacques Wamutombo (born June 25, 1966) is a Congolese-American retired professional basketball player and humanitarian. Mutombo played 18 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played for the Denver Nuggets, Atlanta Hawks, Philadelphia 76ers, New Jersey Nets, New York Knicks and the Houston Rockets.


title: Bloomberg News

paragraphs: Bloomberg News (originally Bloomberg Business News) is an international news agency headquartered in New York. It creates news that is disseminated through Bloomberg Terminals, Bloomberg Television, Bloomberg Radio, "Bloomberg Businessweek", "Bloomberg Markets", Bloomberg.com and Bloomberg's mobile platforms. Since 2015, John Micklethwait has been the editor-in-chief.

paragraphs: Bloomberg News was created by Michael Bloomberg and Matthew Winkler in 1990 to give financial news reporting to Bloomberg Terminal subscribers.

paragraphs: The agency was created in 1990 with a team of six people. Winkler was first editor-in-chief. In 2010, Bloomberg News had over 2,300 editors and reporters in 72 countries and 146 news bureaus worldwide.


title: Revenge of the Nerds

paragraphs: Revenge of the Nerds is a 1984 comedy film about a group of brainy misfits who get into university in computer science and get revenge against the people by whom they are constantly bullied. An episode of The Simpsons called "Revenge is a dish best served three times over" included a parody of Revenge of the Nerds called "the Revenge of the Geeks" of which Milhouse Van Houten is the protagonist.


title: Vaibhav Chhaya

paragraphs: Vaibhav Chhaya is an Indian Marathi language poet, writer and Ambedkarite activist. He is based in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

paragraphs: Vaibhav Chhaya spent his childhood in Vitthalwadi with his deserted mother, who took on a job as a booking clerk with the railways to ensure that Vaibhav went to school. He eventually earned a BMM degree from CHM College in Thane and a degree in journalism from Mumbai University.

paragraphs: Vaibhav, who is influenced by Babasaheb Ambedkar and Namdeo Dhasal, has written extensively as a columnist in various newspapers, monthly and weekly magazines. The Ambedkarite movement, digital communications and social media are major themes of his writings. He has written about issues such as the Prevention of Atrocities Act, the Paraiyar Study circle, Dalit movement, and Rohith Vemula. Other subjects include the debate regarding affirmative action, what he says is the uncontrolled wave of privatisation, the 1997 Ramabai Nagar killings, the Khairlanji massacre, injustice facing the oppressed, misrepresentation in sports, and poor treatment of the backward castes in the media

paragraphs: In 2014, his collection of poems, "Delete Kelel Saar Aakash" (Entire Deleted Sky), sold 1,000 copies on the day of publication.

paragraphs: Vaibhav has been influenced by B. R. Ambedkar. His poetry is also influenced by Namdeo Dhasal. He draws attention of the society towards several social issues and portrays the reality.


title: If I Ran the Zoo

paragraphs: If I Ran the Zoo is a children's book published in 1950 and written by Dr. Seuss. It is about a child who goes to the zoo gets bored and starts describing all the fictional animals he would put in the zoo if he ran the Zoo.


title: Céligny

paragraphs: Céligny is a municipality of the canton of Geneva in Switzerland. It has two small exclaves of the canton of Geneva mostly surrounded by the Canton of Vaud, near Crans-près-Céligny.


title: Nemesis

paragraphs: In ancient Greek religion, Nemesis (Ancient Greek: Νέμεσις), is the goddess who takes vengence against those who show hubris (arrogance before the gods).

paragraphs: Divine retribution is a major theme in the Hellenic world view. It is the unifying theme of the tragedies of Sophocles and many other literary works.

paragraphs: She carried a measuring rod (a tally stick), a bridle, scales, a sword, and a scourge (whip), and she rides in a chariot drawn by griffins.

paragraphs: Nemesis often is seen with another goddess named Aidos. Aidos is the goddess of shame. She is similar to Nemesis.

paragraphs: The Ancient Greek made different meanings for what they called "justice":

paragraphs: In works of fiction the hero's nemesis is usually the villain and the hardest antagonist for the hero to defeat.


title: Chancy

paragraphs: Chancy is a municipality of the canton of Geneva in Switzerland.


title: Battle of Black Jack

paragraphs: The Battle of Black Jack happened on June 2, 1856, when anti-slavery people, led by abolitionist John Brown, attacked the camp of Henry C. Pate near Baldwin City, Kansas. The battle is one event of "Bleeding Kansas," and it was part of the lead up to the American Civil War of 1861 to 1865.

paragraphs: In 2012 the National Park Service designated the battlefield a National Historic Landmark.


title: Viry, Haute-Savoie

paragraphs: Viry is a commune. It is in the Haute-Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France.


title: Ungersheim

paragraphs: Ungersheim is a commune. It is found in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France.


title: Urbès

paragraphs: Urbès is a commune. It is found in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France.


title: Vieux-Ferrette

paragraphs: Vieux-Ferrette is a commune. It is found in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France.


title: Vieux-Thann

paragraphs: Vieux-Thann is a commune. It is found in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France.


title: Lawrence County, Mississippi

paragraphs: Lawrence County is a county found in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, 12,929 people lived there. Its county seat is Monticello.


title: Black Jack, Kansas

paragraphs: Black Jack is an unincorporated community in Douglas County, in the U.S. state of Kansas.

paragraphs: The Battle of Black Jack was fought near Black Jack Creek in 1856.

paragraphs: Black Jack was created in 1857. It was named after nearby Black Jack Creek. The creek was named for the Blackjack Oak trees along it. A post office was created at Black Jack in 1858. It continued to be used until 1895.


title: Brown County, Kansas

paragraphs: Brown County (county code BR) is a county in the northeast part of the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2010, 9,984 people lived there. Its county seat is Hiawatha. Hiawatha is the second-biggest city in Brown County. Brown County is where the Kickapoo Indian Reservation of Kansas is. It also has most of the Sac and Fox Reservation and most of the Iowa Reservation of Kansas and Nebraska.

paragraphs: Brown County was created in 1855. It was named after Albert G. Brown.

paragraphs: The U.S. Census Bureau says the county has a total area of . Of that, is land and (0.2%) is water. The Wolf River has starts in the county. Brown State Fishing Lake is in the county, 8 miles (13 km) east of Hiawatha.

paragraphs: Sources: National Atlas, U.S. Census Bureau

paragraphs: Brown County very Republican. Brown was Alf Landon’s strongest county in his home state during his 1936 presidential campaign. Noo Democratic presidential candidate has ever won a most of the votes Brown County.


title: Anderson County, Kansas

paragraphs: Anderson County (county code AN) is a county in East Central Kansas, in the Central United States. In 2010, 8,102 lived there. Its county seat is Garnett. Garnett is also the biggest city in Anderson County.

paragraphs: In 1855, Anderson County was created. It was named after Joseph C. Anderson.

paragraphs: In 1887, the first photograph of a tornado was taken in Anderson county.

paragraphs: The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that, is land and (0.7%) is water.


title: Mohamed Ennaceur

paragraphs: Mohamed Ennaceur (; born 21 March 1934) is a Tunisian politician. He is the acting President of Tunisia from 25 July 2019 after the death of President Beji Caid Essebsi until 23 October 2019.

paragraphs: Since 2014 he is the President of the Assembly of the Representatives of the People and leader of the governing Nidaa Tounes party. He was Minister of Social Affairs in the 1970s and 1980s under President Habib Bourguiba, and again in 2011 in the transitional Ghannouchi and Essebsi governments.


title: Mohamed Ghannouchi

paragraphs: Mohamed Ghannouchi ( "Muhammad Al-Ghannushi"; born 18 August 1941) is a Tunisian politician. He was Prime Minister of Tunisia from 1999 to 2011. Ghannouchi was an important political figure in the Tunisian government under President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali.

paragraphs: Ghannouchi resigned as Prime Minister on 27 February 2011 after multiple protests during the Tunisian Revolution called for him and President Ben Ali to resign.


title: Progressive Party (United States, 1912)

paragraphs: The Progressive Party was a third party in the United States. It was created in 1912 by former President Theodore Roosevelt after he lost the presidential nomination of the Republican Party to incumbent President William Howard Taft. The new party was known for taking advanced positions on progressive and populist reforms. It also attracted famous national reformers. After the party's defeat in the 1912 presidential election, it went into rapid decline in elections until 1918, disappearing by 1920. The Progressive Party was often called the "Bull Moose Party" since Roosevelt often said that he felt "strong as a bull moose".


title: Khakassia

paragraphs: Khakassia (; Khakas: ) is a federal subject (state) of Russia. Its capital is Abakan. As of 2020 the population was 534,186.


title: My Neighbors the Yamadas

paragraphs: My Neighbors the Yamadas is a 1999 Japanese animated comedy film written and directed by Isao Takahata and produced by Studio Ghibli


title: Terry Fallis

paragraphs: Terry Fallis is a Canadian writer and humourist. Fallis was trained as an engineer at McMaster University in Ontario. Fallis was involved in student politics and became president of the student union. Fallis joined the Liberal Party of Canada and worked for the campaigns of Jean Chrétien, Robert Nixon and Micheal Ignatieff. Fallis wrote and later self-published a novel called the "Best Laid Plans" about a man who wants to quit his work in politics by managing the campaign of someone he believes has absolutely no chance of winning so that no one will take him seriously enough ever to hire him again and then shockingly ends up having his political candidate win. Fallis won the Stephen Leacock Award for Canadian humour. Fallis wrote a sequel to "The Best Laid Plans" called "The High Road" about an idealistic re-election campaign. Fallis wrote "Up and Down" about a 71 year old woman from British Columbia who becomes an astronaut in NASA. Fallis later met a man by the name of Brian Mulroney who is not related to the Prime Minister Brian Mulroney. Fallis then wrote a novel called "No Relation" about a man who wants to become a writer but can't because his name happens to be Earnest Hemingway,even though he is not related to Ernest Hemingway and starts a support group for people who have famous names while trying to resist his father's effort to make him take over his father's underwear company. Fallis wrote the novel "Poles Apart" about a man who starts a popular feminist website using the pseudonym Eve and who everyone assumes is a woman. Fallis also wrote a novel called "One Brother Shy"