title: Semmering railway

paragraphs: The Semmering railway is a railway in Austria. It starts at Gloggnitz and leads over the Semmering to Mürzzuschlag. It was the first mountain railway in Europe built with a standard gauge track. It is commonly called the world's first true mountain railway. This is because of the very difficult terrain and the large altitude difference. It is still fully functional as a part of the South railway.

paragraphs: The Semmering railway was built between 1848 and 1854. There were about 20,000 workers. The director was Carl von Ghega. There are 14 tunnels, 16 viaducts and over 100 curved stone bridges as well as 11 small iron bridges.

paragraphs: In 1998 the Semmering railway was added to the list of the UNESCO World Heritage sites.


title: Eggenberg Castle, Graz

paragraphs: Eggenberg Palace in Graz is the most significant Baroque palace in Styria, Austria. Schloss Eggenberg is among the most valuable cultural assets of Austria. It was the home of the House of Eggenberg. In 2010, Schloss Eggenberg was recognized listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

paragraphs: The palace is on the western edge of the Styrian capital of Graz in the Eggenberg (Graz) district. The northern corner of the palace grounds has the Planetary Garden and Lapidarium of Roman stonework. There is a collection of medieval through early modern period artworks of over 5 centuries of European art history. These are in the palace itself.


title: David Cronenberg

paragraphs: David Cronenberg (born March 15, 1943) is a Canadian director, producer, screenwriter and actor. He was born in Toronto, Ontario. He is of Jewish descent.

paragraphs: Cronenberg's work includes: "Rabid", "The Brood", "Scanners", "Videodrome", "The Fly", "Dead Ringers", "Crash", "A History of Violence", "Eastern Promises" and "A Dangerous Method".


title: Wachau

paragraphs: The Wachau is an Austrian valley. It has pretty landscape formed by the Danube river. It is one of the biggest tourist places of Lower Austria. It is midway between the towns of Melk and Krems. It is in length. People lived here in prehistoric times.

paragraphs: A well-known place and tourist attraction is Dürnstein. This is where King Richard the Lion-Heart of England was held captive by Duke Leopold V.

paragraphs: The Wachau is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This is for its architectural and agricultural history.


title: Lake Neusiedl

paragraphs: Lake Neusiedl is the second largest steppe lake in Central Europe. It goes across the Austrian and Hungarian border. The lake covers 315 km². 240 km² is on the Austrian side and 75 km² on the Hungarian side. The lake's drainage basin has an area of about 1,120 km². From north to south, the lake is about 36 km long. It is between 6 km and 12 km wide from east to west. The lake is no more than 1.8 m deep.

paragraphs: Most of the lake is surrounded by reeds which serve as a home for animals. The lake is an important resting place for migratory birds.

paragraphs: In 2001 the national parks in Austria and Fertő-Hanság in Hungary were together accepted as a World Heritage Site.


title: Eurobeat

paragraphs: Eurobeat is electronic music from Italy and Japan.


title: Maureen Stapleton

paragraphs: Maureen Stapleton (June 21, 1925 – March 13, 2006) was an American television, movie and theater actress. She had a limited movie career. She died on March 13, 2006 from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.


title: Tango & Cash

paragraphs: Tango & Cash is a 1989 American buddy cop movie starring Sylvester Stallone and Kurt Russell. The movie is directed by Andrei Konchalovsky.

paragraphs: Stallone plays Ray Tango and Russell plays Gabriel Cash, LAPD narcotics detectives who are framed for murder by crime lord Yves Perret, played by Jack Palance. The officers have to work together to prove their innocence.


title: March of Azerbaijan

paragraphs: Azərbaycan marşı ( Азәрбајҹан Маршы, آذربایجان مارشی, [ɑ̝ːz̪æ̞ɾbɑ̝jˈd͡ʒɑ̝n mɑ̝ɾˈʃɯ̞] ; 'Azerbaijan March' or 'The March of Azerbaijan') is the national anthem of Azerbaijan. It was composed by Üzeyir Hacıbəyov and the lyrics were written by Əhməd Cavad. The anthem was officially adopted by the government of Azerbaijan in 1920, and then again in 1992 after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

paragraphs: A part of the song is written on the back of the Azerbaijani 5 manat banknote issued since 2006.

paragraphs: The Cyrillic script was used in Soviet Azerbaijan between 1958 and 1991, and it is still used in the Republic of Dagestan in Russia. The Perso-Arabic script is used by the Iranian Azerbaijanis in South Azerbaijan, and it has been once used by all Azerbaijanis until the Soviet Latinisation campaign in the 1920s.

paragraphs: Since the anthem's existence, Azerbaijani had been written in a number of alphabets.

paragraphs: We are together ready to shed our blood!

paragraphs: Live blissfully with thy three-coloured flag!

paragraphs: Bless'd we live under thy fine tricolour!


title: Access network

paragraphs: An access network is the part of a telecommunications network that connects subscribers to their immediate service provider.


Backpacking


title: Azerbaijani people

paragraphs: The Azerbaijanis or Azeris are Turkic people living mainly in northwestern Iran and the Republic of Azerbaijan. They also live in Georgia, Russia (Dagestan), Turkey and formerly Armenia. The Azerbaijanis are mostly Shi'a Muslim.

paragraphs: After the Russo-Persian War (1804–1813) and Russo-Persian War (1826–1828), the land of the Iranian Qajar dynasty in the Caucasus were given to the Russian Empire which makes up the present territory of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Lands which Iran kept are now known as Iranian Azerbaijan. Even though they live on two sides of an international border, the Azerbaijanis are a single ethnic group. However, northerners and southerners differ due to nearly two centuries of separate social evolution of Iranian Azerbaijanis and Russian/Soviet-influenced Azerbaijan. The Azerbaijani language unifies Azerbaijanis, and is mutually intelligible with Turkmen, Qashqai, Gagauz, Turkish, and the dialects spoken by the Iraqi Turkmen, all of which belong to the Oghuz, or Western, group of Turkic languages.


title: Constitutional republic

paragraphs: A constitutional republic is a state where the chief executive and representatives are democratically elected by the people, and the rules are set down in a written constitution.

paragraphs: The head of state and other representatives are elected but they do not have uncontrolled power. What they may do is written in the constitution. If there is dispute about what the constitution means, this is decided by a court system that is independent from the representatives.

paragraphs: The constitution describes how the state may be run. The constitution limits the power of each officeholder. Constitutional republics usually have a separation of powers. The separation of powers means that no single officeholder gets unlimited power. John Adams said that a constitutional republic was ""a government of laws, and not of men"".

paragraphs: People who support constitutional governance argue that it is meant to be a safeguard against tyranny. No office holder can get to a position of absolute power. However, some have argued that a constitution can be written in such a way that it lets tyranny arise, and that a constitution is therefore not a fail proof safeguard against tyranny.

paragraphs: Aristotle was the first to write about the idea in his works on politics.

paragraphs: Constitutional monarchies are a special case: even though the monarch is not elected, the people still elect other governing bodies. The constitution also limits the power of the monarch.

paragraphs: Comparisons can be made. There are countries which nominally are constitutional republics, but which have become (in effect) dictatorships. There are also countries which have no written constitution, and are monarchies, but which act in a similar way to constitutional republics.


title: Artur Rasizade

paragraphs: Artur Tahir oğlu Rasizada (born 26 February 1935 in Ganja) is the Prime Minister of Azerbaijan. Rasizada was a long-time Communist Party member during the Azerbaijan SSR period. He was Prime Minister from July 20, 1996 until August 4, 2003. He quit due to health reasons. This let President Heydar Aliyev's son Ilham Aliyev become Prime Minister. Rasizada continued to act as Prime Minister for Ilham Aliyev. He formally returned to the job on November 4, after Ilham Aliyev was elected as president.

paragraphs: Rasizade was awarded with Istiglal Order for his contributions to economic development of Azerbaijan by President of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev on February 23, 2005.


title: Caucasian Albania

paragraphs: Albania (usually called Caucasian Albania to not be confused with the modern state of Albania) is name is for the historical region of the eastern Caucasus. The native name for the country is unknown. It was on the land of present-day Azerbaijan and partially southern Dagestan.


title: Singapore Standard Time

paragraphs: Singapore Standard Time (abbreviation: SST; ) or Singapore Time (abbreviation: SIN; ) is the time zone used in Singapore, 8 hours ahead of UTC ().

paragraphs: Singapore is situated 103° 51' 16" East of Greenwich and lies within the time zone. Before 31 May 1905, the local time was ahead of Greenwich Mean Time.

paragraphs: During World War II, when the Japanese occupied Singapore, was used, to follow Japan time, while and were used for daylight saving time. When Peninsular Malaysia moved its standard time 30 minutes ahead from to on 31 December 1981, Singapore shifted too.

paragraphs: The city state started using on 1 January 1982 and the country celebrated New Year's Day half an hour earlier.


title: The Vagina Monologues

paragraphs: The Vagina Monologues is a monologue play written by Eve Ensler. The production has been staged in many countries. Ensler originally starred in the play by herself, but she was later replaced by three celebrity monologists. A television version featuring Ensler was shown on cable TV channel HBO. Much of the profits made from the production went to women's anti-violence charities.


title: Amur leopard

paragraphs: The Amur leopard ("Panthera pardus orientalis") is a leopard subspecies. It is sometimes called the far eastern leopard.

paragraphs: The leopard lives in the Primorye region of southeastern Russia and in the Jilin Province of northeast China. It is critically endangered (IUCN). Only 14–20 adults and 5–6 cubs were counted in 2007. Only 19–26 Amur leopards live in the wild.

paragraphs: The Amur leopards are endangered because they have been hunted for their fur. Also because their food sources are running out due to them being hunted for their fur. Amur leopards can be recognized from the patterns in their fur. They weigh about . They live in temperate, broadleaf and mixed forests. The Amur Leopard almost extinct by human hunting. It call human hunting but the human make the forest no tree and bushes so the leopard cannot hide. At that time, they hunt them and sell to get money.

paragraphs: The number of Amur cats is decreasing due to the human activity, invasion of domestic cats, and infectious disease. Because these cats play a huge role and the ecosystem cannot afford to lose such species, researchers found a way to regenerate the endangered animal. This can be done from culture cell with somatic cloning technique (<nowiki>http://apps.webofknowledge.com.proxy.cc.uic.edu/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=2&SID=8CyO9ZnX3OlNtU6r5Ue&page=1&doc=3</nowiki>).

paragraphs: They breed in spring and early summer. Most of them are in captive breeding programs. They give birth to one to four cubs. Inbreeding is common in the wild. Their diet consists of roe deer, sika deer, badgers and hares.


title: Der Freischütz

paragraphs: Der Freischütz is an opera in three acts by Carl Maria von Weber with a libretto by Friedrich Kind. It premiered on 18 June 1821 at the Schauspielhaus Berlin. The title is usually translated as "The Marksman", or "The Freeshooter".

paragraphs: The opera is the first important German Romantic opera, especially in its national identity and stark emotionality.

paragraphs: The plot is based on the German folk legend of the Freischütz and many of its tunes were inspired by German folk music. Its unearthly portrayal of the supernatural in the famous Wolf's Glen scene has been described as "the most expressive rendering of the gruesome that is to be found in a musical score".


title: Jeremy Renner

paragraphs: Jeremy Renner (born January 7, 1971) is an American actor, singer and film producer. He is famous for his role in the movie "The Avengers". In the Avengers he plays Hawkeye, a.k.a. Clint Barton. Jeremy Lee Renner is an American actor. He appeared largely in independent films, such as Dahmer and Neo Ned. Renner appeared in supporting roles in bigger films, such as S.W.A.T. and 28 Weeks Later.


title: Elles Bougent

paragraphs: Elles Bougent is a French voluntary association created in 2005 in order to attract high school girls and young students women to careers in transportation engineering (aerospace, car, rail).

paragraphs: The association was created in 2005 by Marie-Sophie Pawlak.

paragraphs: The association consists of natural persons (high school girls and women students in science and technology, women engineers or technicians in operation) and artificial person (companies, universities).


title: The Avengers (movie)

paragraphs: The Avengers is a 2012 American superhero action movie. It is based on Marvel Comics characters. It is distributed under Walt Disney Pictures. "The Avengers" premiered on April 11, 2012. Released in North America on May 4, 2012. The movie was written and directed by Joss Whedon. Robert Downey Jr., Chris Evans, Mark Ruffalo, Bori, Chris Hemsworth, Scarlett Johansson, Jeremy Renner, Tom Hiddleston, and Samuel L. Jackson star, with Stellan Skarsgård, Clark Gregg, Cobie Smulders, Gwyneth Paltrow, and Paul Bettany in supporting roles.


title: Jōhei

paragraphs: , also romanized as Shōhei, was a after "Enchō" and before "Tengyō." This period started in April 931 and ended in May 938. The reigning emperor was .


title: Geraldine Page

paragraphs: Geraldine Page (22 November 1924 – 13 June 1987) was an American theater and movie actress. She was nominated for eight Academy Awards during her career. Page was born around Kirksville, Missouri.


title: Joanne

paragraphs: Joanne is a female based name. It was popular as recently as around 1975 in Northern Ireland and United Kingdom. In Hebrew, Joanne means "God is Gracious". There are many celebrities who have the name, like Joanne Dru, Joanne Missingham, Joanne Woodward and Joanne Whalley.


title: Gethsemane

paragraphs: Gethsemane is a garden at the foot of the Mount of Olives. It is most famous for being the place where Jesus and his disciples are said to have prayed the night before Jesus' crucifixion.


title: Eldiguzids (Atabegs of Azerbaijan)

paragraphs: The Ildegizids, Eldiguzids (, ) or Ildenizids, also known as Atabegs of Azerbaijan ( "Atabakan-e Āzarbayjan", ) were a Turkic dynasty of Kipchak origin. They controlled most of northwestern Persia, eastern Transcaucasia, including Arran, most of Azerbaijan, and Djibal. At their biggest, the land they had was about most of north-western and upper-central modern Iran, most of the regions of modern Azerbaijan and smaller portions in modern Armenia, Turkey and Iraq.

paragraphs: Atabeg means ""father lord"" in Turkic languages. It was the title given to the Turkic officers of Seljuq dynasty. Atabegs were not only vice-regents, but also de-facto rulers.


title: Serafin R. Cuevas

paragraphs: Serafin R. Cuevas (25 June 1928 – 9 February 2014) was a Filipino lawyer and a former Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines appointed during the government of Ferdinand Marcos.

paragraphs: Serafin R. Cuevas was born on 25 June 1928 in Bacoor Cavite.

paragraphs: He went to Las Piñas Elementary School in his elementary education and to the University of Manila in his secondary education. He obtained his Bachelor of Laws degree from the University of the Philippines in 1952 and passed the Bar examination the same year.

paragraphs: He started his career as a professorial lecturer at the College of Law of the University of the Philippines and at the Institute of Law of the Far Eastern University. Afterwards, he became an Assistant Fiscal of the City of Manila and then as Judge to the Court of First Instance.

paragraphs: Before his appoinment as an Associate Justice to the Supreme Court of the Philippines on May 31, 1984, he was Associate Justice to the Intermediate Appellate Court.

paragraphs: Justice Cuevas died on February 9, 2014 from liver cancer. He was 85.


title: Constitution of Azerbaijan

paragraphs: The Constitution of Azerbaijan was started on 12 November 1995 by popular referendum. It was changed on 24 August 2002. It is the "highest legal force" in Azerbaijan.

paragraphs: The Preamble to the Constitution says, in order to "provide prosperity and welfare of the whole society and each individual", that the following objectives be declared:


title: Azerbaijani manat

paragraphs: The Manat is the national money used in Azerbaijan. It is divided into 100 "qəpik". The word "manat" comes from the Russian word "moneta" which means coin. Manat was also the name of the Soviet ruble in both the Azerbaijani and Turkmen languages.

paragraphs: The Azerbaijani manat symbol, , is not easily typed on computers, so "m" or "man." can be used instead.

paragraphs: Azerbaijani manat is also written as AZN. In Azerbaijan people can only use manats. Azebaijani manats are more valuable than the United States dollar and almost as valuable as the Euro.


title: Azerbaijan Time

paragraphs: Azerbaijan Time, or AZT, is a time zone used in Azerbaijan. The standard time zone is four hours ahead of UTC (UTC+4).

paragraphs: The daylight saving time, Azerbaijan Summer Time (AZST), which was one hour ahead of the standard AZT at UTC+5 was abolished in March 2016.


title: Left- and right-hand traffic

paragraphs: The driving side of a road is the side where vehicles must drive. Each country says whether vehicles will drive on the right-hand or left-hand side of the road. This is sometimes called the rule of the road. This basic rule makes traffic move more easily. It also lowers the risk of head-on collisions. Today about 66.1% of the world's people live in countries who drive on the right-hand. 33.9% live in countries that drive on the left-hand. Do not confuse between left-hand drive (LHD) and to drive on the left-hand side of the road which is the right-hand drive (RHD).

paragraphs: While most countries who drive on the left-hand are former British colonies, there are some that were not that still chose the left-hand side of the road. These countries include Japan, Thailand, Nepal, Bhutan, Mozambique, Suriname, East Timor, and Indonesia. Today, only four European countries drive on the left-hand, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Malta, and Cyprus, all of which are islands. There are several countries where their territories that exist outside the mainland drive on a different side from the mainland. One well-known example is that all of China drives on the right-hand except for its Special Administrative Regions Hong Kong and Macau, which drive on the left-hand.

paragraphs: Historically, before the creation of the automobile, people mostly rode on the left-hand side, since most people were right-handed and would whip their horses with their left hands. Warriors in battle could also use their right hand to hold and control their weapon. However, during the 1700s, many farmers began to pull their vehicles using teams of horses rather than just one. This was so that the driver could easily whip all the horses and so that the driver could see how close their wheels were to colliding to another wagon. In 1794, France passed the first right-hand driving laws, and this law would spread with Napolean's conquests. The territories and regions of the former Austro-Hungarian and Portuguese Empires refused to change the direction of driving at first, but most eventually chose to drive on the right-side. Only Mozambique, East Timor, and Macau (all former Portuguese colonies) still drive on the left-side. Canada, Myanmar, Gibraltar, British Indian Ocean Territory, and a few countries in West Africa like Ghana, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, and the Gambia all switched to driving on the right hand side of the road.


paragraphs: In France, the Répertoire national des certifications professionnelles (RNCP) has been created by article L. 335-6 of the "Code de l'éducation" (Education Code).

paragraphs: The "répertoire national des certifications professionnelles" has for purpose to make available to individuals and businesses constantly update information on educational degrees and certificates on the lists established by the "commissions paritaires nationales de l'emploi des branches professionnelles" (national commissions). It helps to facilitate access to employment, human resources management and mobility.

paragraphs: Certifications stored in the directory are recognized throughout the country.

paragraphs: Under the authority of the Minister for Vocational Training, the "Commission nationale de la certification professionnelle" establishes and updates the "répertoire national des certifications professionnelles". It ensures the renewal and adaptation of diplomas.

paragraphs: Degrees are classified in the "répertoire national des certifications professionnelles" by field of activity and level. For this criterion, until the adoption of the new classification referred to in article 8 of decree of 26 April 2002 referred to above, diplomas are classified according to the "nomenclature des niveaux de formation" (levels of training) approved by decision of the permanent group of vocational training and social advancement.


title: Agnieszka Radwańska

paragraphs: Agnieszka Roma Radwańska (born 6 March 1989 in Kraków) is a former Polish tennis player.

paragraphs: In 2007, Radwańska became the first Polish player to win a WTA singles title. In 2012 she lost the final of the Wimbledon Championships to Serena Williams. She won WTA Finals in Singapour in 2015.


title: Telephone numbers in Azerbaijan

paragraphs: Telephone numbers in Azerbaijan follow the recommended format for its telephone numbering plan.

paragraphs: A caller from outside Azerbaijan would dial the international access number, usually 00. They then dial the country code which is 994 for Azerbaijan. Then they dial the two-digit area code, and then the seven-digit local number.

paragraphs: For a local call one simply dials the local number.

paragraphs: On 1 August 2011, Azerbaijan reorganized its national numbering plan for area codes. Only the area codes of Baku, Sumqayit, and the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic (area codes 12, 18 and 36) stayed the same as before. The following tables list both the old and new area codes.


title: United Nations Human Rights Council

paragraphs: The United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) is in the United Nations System. The UNHRC took the place of the former United Nations Commission on Human Rights (CHR). It was established by the United Nations General Assembly.

paragraphs: The General Assembly made the UNHRC on 15 March 2006. This was to replace the previous CHR. People did not like the CHR because they allowed countries with poor human rights records to be members.

paragraphs: UN Secretary General Ban Ki Moon and former United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Mary Robinson have not liked that the council acts for politics instead of human rights. Several people have said the council focuses too much on the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. The United States did not take part in the Council when George W. Bush was president. They changed when Barack Obama became President.

paragraphs: On 18 June 2007, the UNHRC made a plan for future work. They will assess the human rights in all 192 UN Member States. They will also allow people and organizations to bring complaints about human rights violations to the attention of the Council.


title: Georgian people

paragraphs: The Georgians are a Caucasian ethnic group that come from Georgia. Large Georgian communities are also present throughout Russia, European Union, United States, and South America.

paragraphs: The majority of Georgians are Eastern Orthodox Christian. They mostly go by the national autocephalous Georgian Orthodox Church, which started in the 4th century. There are also Georgian Catholic and Muslim communities in Tbilisi and Adjara. Located in Caucasus at the edge of Europe, the Georgian people have tried to keep their Christian identity. There is a lot of pressure from the neighboring Muslim empires.

paragraphs: The Georgian language is the official language of the country.


title: Atropates

paragraphs: Atropates (c. 370 BC – after 321 BC) was a Persian nobleman who served Darius III and then Alexander III of Macedon. He made an independent kingdom. A dynasty was named after him. Diodorus Siculus calls him 'Atrapes'. Quintus Curtius wrongly names him 'Arsaces'.

paragraphs: At the end of the Achaemenid Empire, Atropates was governor ("satrap") of the Achaemenid province of Media. In the Battle of Gaugamela (October 331 BCE) between Darius and Alexander, Atropates was in charge of the Achaemenid troops of Media.

paragraphs: When Darius lost he went to the Median capital of Ecbatana. Atropates helped him. Darius tried to get a new army but could not. He left Ecbatana in June 330 BCE. After Darius' death a month later at the hands of Bessus, Atropates surrendered to Alexander. Alexander first chose Oxydates as satrap of Media. In 328-327 BCE Alexander did not trust in Oxydates' loyalty. Atropates was made satrap again. In 325-324, Atropates gave Baryaxes (a rebel of the area) to Alexander. Alexander thought highly of Atropates.

paragraphs: Alexander died on June 10, 323 BCE. Atropates' new son-in-law Perdiccas was named regent of Alexander's half-brother Philip III. After the "Partition of Babylon" in 323 BCE, Media was divided into two parts. The greater portion in the south-east was governed by Peithon, a general of Perdiccas. The smaller portion in the north west was given to Atropates. At some point, Atropates made his part of Media an independent kingdom. His son-in-law Perdiccas was murdered by Peithon in the summer of 320 BCE.

paragraphs: The dynasty Atropates made would rule the kingdom for several centuries. They became vassals of the Seleucids, then as vassals of the Arsacids.

paragraphs: The area of Atropates' kingdom was known to the Greeks as "Media Atropatene" after Atropates. Then as simply "Atropatene". The Arsacids called it 'Aturpatakan' in Parthian, as did also the Sassanids. Eventually Middle Iranian 'Aturpatakan' became 'Azerbaijan'. This is where the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Iranian province of Azerbaijan get their name.


title: The Avengers (TV programme)

paragraphs: The Avengers is a spy-fi television series of the 1960s. The show was aired from 7 January 1961 to 21 May 1969. The main characters of this show included Doctor David Keel, his partner John Steed. The female characters were Emma Peel (Diana Rigg) and Cathy Gale (played by Honor Blackman). The show began airing in the United Kingdom.

paragraphs: In the U.S., though, it was not aired until 10pm or afterward. This was due to violence and adult themes.

paragraphs: There were novels, radio programs and movies involving this series. Uma Thurman played Emma Peel in the movie of 1998.


title: Fernando Grostein Andrade

paragraphs: Fernando Grostein Andrade, or Fernando Andrade (born January 30, 1981 in São Paulo) is a Brazilian filmmaker, director, producer, screenwriter and director of photography. He is known for the documentaries "Wandering Heart", with Caetano Veloso, and "Breaking the Taboo", featuring Fernando Henrique Cardoso, Bill Clinton and Jimmy Carter that discusses alternatives to the failed war on drugs. Fernando is also known for his prolific work in advertisement and video clips. In 2009, Fernando founded the production house Spray Filmes. Located in the Jardins neighborhood in São Paulo, Spray Filmes acts in the realm of film, advertisement and internet production.

paragraphs: Fernando is the son of the PhD urbanist Marta Dora Grostein and the journalist Mario Escobar de Andrade, director of "Playboy" magazine in Brazil, who died in 1991. He is the brother, on his mother's side, of the TV host Luciano Huck.

paragraphs: Fernando got a degree in Business Administration at the Fundação Getúlio Vargas, in São Paulo. He studied film at CINUSP, USC and UCLA.

paragraphs: Fernando began his career in communications at 15 years of age at the advertisement agency DM9 and the radio station Jovem Pan 2. He also wrote articles for "Trip" magazine's website and for "Playboy" magazine.

paragraphs: In 2001, he made his first short film "Strawberry", the first shot in HD at 24 frames per second in Brazil. It introduced the actor Guilherme Berenguer in addition to the talent of other actors such as Fernanda Rodrigues and Daniel Dantas. The short film opened the International Brasília Festival, the 27th São Paulo International Film Festival, the Paulista Audio Visual Festival, as well as the Palm Springs International Festival of Short Films. The short tells the tale of a boy whose girlfriend's sexual fantasy is to have sex in a bathtub filled with strawberry jam. Frightened, the boy is advised by his psychiatrist to play along with the girl's fantasies, but at their first family dinner together, he discovers that the shrink is her father.

paragraphs: In 2003, Fernando Andrade went on a journey with Caetano Veloso to São Paulo, New York and Japan. For 42 days, he documented the artist's discomfort with the recent success of his English language album internationally, revealing a new side of the Brazilian music master. With participations from Michelangelo Antonioni, Pedro Almodóvar and David Byrne, the documentary "Wandering Heart" premiered on the 24th of July in the Brazilian Circuit by way of Paramount. "Wandering Heart", directed, photographed and edited by Fernando, was screened at the "It's All True" Festival in 2008 and the Rome Festival of the same year, where it was well received by the audience: according to Eric J Lyman, Hollywood Reporter, it was "one of the highlights of the weekend." The screening took place at the Conciliacione auditorium, Blasco Giurato (Director of Photography of Cinema Paradiso) was there. The film has one of the last registries of the filmmaker Michelangelo Antonioni, right before he died in 2007. The film critic and founder of the "It's All True" festival Amir Labaki, considered the documentary "The most revealing portrait of Caetano. A figure that is here to stay." The critic from "O Globo" newspaper, Marcelo Janot, considered it "The best film from the recent batch of documentaries of Brazilian musicians."

paragraphs: In 2010, Fernando directed the documentary short "Newspaper of the Future". The film documents changes within the newspaper "Folha de São Paulo" during the integration with its on-line counter part, Folha.com. It also showcased the new graphic design template being implemented and presented to the newspapers employees. Filmed during 15 days at the newspapers headquarters and printing press in Tamboré, the production interviewed personalities such as Otavio Frias Filho, managing editor of Folha and the columnists: Clóvis Rossi, Juca Kfouri, José Simão and Barbara Gancia, amongst others.

paragraphs: In 2011, he released the documentary "Breaking the Taboo", which discusses alternative policies for the failed war on drugs and has the Ex-President of Brazil, Fernando Henrique Cardoso, as its anchor. The film features statements from Bill Clinton, Jimmy Carter, Paulo Coelho, Dráuzio Varella, Gael Garcia Bernal and 4 other former heads of state from countries such as Colombia, Switzerland, Norway and Mexico. The film caused ample repercussions in Brazil, promoting the debate in the media, schools and even in the Brazilian congress, with a speech by senator Eduardo Suplicy. Veja Magazine published a 9 page article on the film calling it "a meticulously crafted report made over two years with 168 interviews from personalities, some of them of the same caliber as mentioned above, and others less known, but no less credible." The television show Fantástico of Rede Globo, Brazil's largest TV network, aired an 8 minute report on the film and later polled the viewers on the subject, 57% voted in favor of legalization. Trip magazine published a cover story on the film. Filmed in 18 cities around the world, the interviewed subjects include premiers, policemen, inmates and rehabilitated addicts who help compose a board that debates and consolidates the films argument. The Result of an ample research process, which includes 168 interviewed subjects, Breaking the Taboo was filmed in 18 cities around the World with the scenery varying from FARC poppy plantations in the Colombian Jungle to Amsterdam Coffeeshops and the American Capital. The Newspaper Folha de São Paulo considered that the film had "A consistent argumentative route, not necessarily aligned with common sense". The film also had repercussions in the English newspaper The Guardian: "The documentary highlights the perils of debating an issue so clouded by ideology and calls for an end to the stigmatization of the debate. It boasts the support of several former world leaders including Bill Clinton and Jimmy Carter." The documentary is currently being adapted for the American and European market in partnership with the production house Current Sponge, led by Sam Branson, son of the entrepreneur Richard Branson.

paragraphs: In 2012, Fernando participated in the "Colors for Love" project of the Italian magazine Colors by directing and as serving as DP, on the short film "Cine Rincão" which tells the story of Paulo Eduardo, who was suddenly shot in the chest then went on to study film at the Criar Institute (an NGO which teaches film related skills to low income teens) and build the community movie theatre Cine Rincão. The soundtrack is by Lucas Lima and Caetano Veloso.

paragraphs: Fernando directs advertisements for Spray Filmes. In 2009 he filmed for ALmap BBDO the Open Cage campaign for the launch of the EOS convertible, an interactive film mixing 3d techniques with helicopter shots which received Gold at the FIAP and Wave Festival awards. In 2010 Fernando directed the Nestlé 90 year anniversary campaign. In 2010 he filmed the Grafiteiros campaign for the launch of Sprites new Can art, the campaign was re-edited in the next year for the X films. For Mitsubishi and Africa Advertisement Agency he filmed the "Make New Friends" campaign. For Arezzo and the art director Giovani Biano, Fernando filmed the "Love and Color" campaign.


title: Falling Down

paragraphs: Falling Down is a 1993 American crime drama movie directed by Joel Schumacher. It stars Michael Douglas as divorced defense engineer who was laid off the previous month. Foster has a mental breakdown and walks out of his car whilst in a traffic jam. He crosses Los Angeles, California on foot to go to his daughter's birthday party. He uses violence against many people he encounters. He is pursued by LAPD detective Prendergast, played by Robert Duvall.


title: Karabakh horse

paragraphs: The Karabakh horse , also known as Karabakh, is a mountain-steppe racing and riding horse. It is named after the geographic area where the horse was first developed, Karabakh in the Southern Caucasus. It is an area that is part of Azerbaijan. The highland part is currently under occupation by Armenia. The breed is noted for its good temper and speed. For example, in 2004 a Karabakh horse named Kishmish from the Agdam stud in Azerbaijan set a speed record by running 1000 metres in 1 minute 9 seconds, and 1600 metres in 1 minute, 52 seconds.

paragraphs: The breed is thought to be a cross-breeding of Akhal-Teke, Persian, Kabarda, Turkoman, and Arabian horse. Right now, the Karabakh is bred mainly in Azerbaijan's Shaki area. Currently the breed numbers are below 1,000. It is threatened with extinction.

paragraphs: The breed is hardy, strong, tough, and sure-footed.

paragraphs: The horse is not large. It is 14-15 hands high or 145–150 cm. They have small, clean-cut heads, a straight profile with broad foreheads, and nostrils that can dilate. The neck is set high, average in length, muscular and elegant. They have compact bodies with well defined and developed muscles. The shoulders are often quite upright. The horses have a deep chest, a sloping croup, and long, fine, but very strong legs, although the joints are small. The horses are narrow, not very deep through the girth, due to the Akhal-Teke influence.

paragraphs: Their skin is thin and soft with shiny hair. The main colors of the breed are chestnut and bay, with characteristic golden tint of the breed. They can also be gray. Rarely they can be Palomino or Buckskin. White markings are allowed.

paragraphs: They are fast and agile. The Karabakh horse is said to have a good endurance and loyalty to master.

paragraphs: The Karabakh horse is the national animal of Azerbaijan. It is the official symbol of the Agdam and Shaki regions. This horse is very important in Azerbaijan culture. They appear in literature and are on items such as postage stamps.


title: Alim Qasimov

paragraphs: Alim Qasimov (born 1957) is an Azerbaijani musician. He is one of the foremost mugam singers in Azerbaijan. He was awarded the International Music Council-UNESCO Music Prize in 1999. It is one of the highest international honors for music. His music is characterised by his vocal improvisation. It is a move away from the traditional style of mugham. Qasimov has recorded nine albums, three of which are mugham albums with his daughter, Ferghana Qasimova.

paragraphs: In 21 November 2009, he was included in a "500 most influential Muslims of world" book. The Icelandic singer Björk complimented Qasimov, by naming him as her "favourite singer alive today". In 2010, Alim Qasimov was nominated for the United States National Public Radio's "50 great voices in recorded history" award.


title: Folk dance

paragraphs: A folk dance is a dance that has some or all of the following:

paragraphs: Even though some people argue with it, folk dancing can be dancing for with no governing body or dancing for which there are no competitive or professional performances.

paragraphs: Sword dances include Longsword dances and rapier dancing. Some choreographed dances such as contra dance, Scottish country dance, and modern Western square dance, are called folk dances, though this is not true in the strictest sense. Country dance overlaps with contemporary folk dance and ballroom dance. Most country dances and ballroom dances are from folk dances, with small changes over the years.


title: Celebrations

paragraphs: Celebrations are a chocolate collection made by Mars, Incorporated. They were started in 1997. They are miniature versions of Mars-produced chocolate bars. With the tagline "Share the joy", Celebrations were the first mixed box of chocolates to bring together confectionery which had been already released in one box or tin. This was different than having new, especially-created candy. Celebrations are most popular around holidays, such as Christmas, Halloween and Easter.

paragraphs: They are miniature versions of the following Mars chocolates:

paragraphs: The selection sold in the United Kingdom also previously had:


title: Celebration

paragraphs:
Celebration may refer to:
Celebration may also be:


title: Chokha

paragraphs: The Chokha is part of the traditional male dress of the peoples of the Caucasus.

paragraphs: It has been in wide use among Georgians from the 9th century until 1920s. The trend of Chokha in Georgia continues. The Chokha is truly a strong show of Georgian national pride. Worn by Georgians for more than a thousand years, the high-necked wool coat was rarely seen during Soviet rule. For many it now shows the country's proud past and resistance to its occupation.

paragraphs: Georgian President Mikheil Saakashvili made high-ranking Georgian officials working abroad to wear the national costume at official meetings. So, in the very center of Europe, in the 21st century, among the elegant ladies and gentlemen classic suits, you will find men in their Chokhas, and daggers around the waist.

paragraphs: In Georgia, the Black chokha was reserved to the "Order of Chokhosani". They represent the elite society of the citizens. These were people with special dedications such as: Great generals, heroes or some of the famous poets and the people who had done some big service to the country. Not even all of Lords were allowed in "Chokhosani Orden" and those who did proudly represented this rank in their clothing.

paragraphs: Chokha is sewn of thick fabric and is tight on the waist and wide on the bottom. In some parts of the Caucasus there are also female chokhas.

paragraphs: Generally, the chokha outfit includes a khanjali (the sword), the akhalukhi (a shirt worn underneath the chokha), the masrebi (the bullets), and the kabalakhi (a hood, separate from the robe) or nabdis kudi (a tall fur hat).


title: Eastern world

paragraphs: The term Eastern world means very broadly the various cultures or social structures and philosophical systems of Eastern Asia or geographically the Eastern Culture. This includes the Indian subcontinent (which is Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, the Maldives, Nepal and sometimes Afghanistan), the Far East (which is China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Cambodia, Philippines,

paragraphs: Malaysia, Mongolia, Indonesia, Japan, North Korea, South Korea), Australasia (Australia, New Zealand). The Middle East/Near East and Central Asia are, as their names imply, often considered 'east' in terms of Europe

paragraphs: The division between "East" and "West" is from European cultural history. There is a difference between European Christendom and the alien cultures beyond it to the East. With the European colonization of the Americas the East/West distinction became global. The idea of an Eastern, "Indian" (Indies) or "Oriental" sphere was made stronger by ideas of racial as well as religious and cultural differences. Such differences were shown by Westerners in the scholarly tradition known as Orientalism and Indology. People from the East are known by certain regions in the West as "Oriental". During the Cold War, the term "Eastern world" was sometimes used to mean the Eastern Bloc, which was the Soviet Union, China and their communist allies. The term "Western world" often meant the United States and its NATO allies such as the United Kingdom. The idea is often another term for the Far East—a region that bears considerable cultural and religious sameness. Eastern philosophy, art, literature, and other traditions, are often found throughout the region in places of high importance, such as popular culture, architecture and traditional literature. The spread of Buddhism and Hindu Yoga is partly responsible for this.

paragraphs: Eastern culture has created many themes and traditions. Some important ones are:


title: Maiden Tower (Baku)

paragraphs: The Maiden Tower, also called Giz Galasi, is in the Old City, Baku in Azerbaijan. It is an ancient tower that shows the presence of Zoroastrians, Sassanians, Arabs, Persians, Shirvanis, Ottomans, and Russians. It was built in the 12th century as part of the walled city of Baku. It is on the UNESCO World Heritage List. The tower is one of the most noted landmarks and Azerbaijan's most distinctive national emblems. It is on the Manat and other official letter heads.


title: Palace of the Shirvanshahs

paragraphs: Palace of the Shirvanshahs is the biggest monument of the Shirvan-Absheron branch of Azerbaijan architecture. It is in the Inner City of Baku. There is the main building of the palace, Divanhane, the burial vaults, the shah's mosque with a minaret, Seyid Yahya Bakuvi's mausoleum, a portal in the east - Murad's gate, a reservoir and the remnants of the bath-house.

paragraphs: The palace is shown on the front of the Azerbaijani 10,000 manat banknote of 1994-2006. It is also on the new 10 manat banknote.


title: Hand (unit)

paragraphs: The hand is a unit of measurement of length. It is now used only to measure the height of horses in some English-speaking countries, including Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States. This unit started in ancient Egypt and was originally based on the distance across a human hand. Today it is equal to four inches or 10.16 centimeters. It may be abbreviated to "h" or the plural "hh".


title: Diwan (poetry)

paragraphs: Diwan is a collection of poems. These poems were often written and collected in the royal courts of various sultanates. They were very well known for their ability to inspire.


title: Ghazal

paragraphs: The ghazal is a poetic form that has rhyming couplets and a refrain, with each line sharing the same meter. A ghazal talks about both the pain of loss and the beauty of love in spite of that pain. The form is ancient. It started in 6th century Arabic verse. It comes from the Arabian panegyric qasida. The structure of the ghazal are similar in strictness to those of the Petrarchan sonnet. In its style and content it is a genre with a lot of variety of expression around its central themes of love and separation. It is one of the main poetic forms the Indo-Perso-Arabic civilization gave to the eastern Islamic world.

paragraphs: The ghazal spread into South Asia in the 12th century. This was because of the influence of Sufi mystics and the courts of the new Islamic Sultanate. Although the ghazal is mostly a form of Dari poetry and Urdu poetry, today it is found in the poetry of many languages of the Indian sub-continent.

paragraphs: Ghazals were written by the Persian mystics and poets Rumi (13th century) and Hafiz (14th century), the Azeri poet Fuzuli (16th century), as well as Mirza Ghalib (1797–1869) and Muhammad Iqbal (1877–1938). Through Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749–1832), the ghazal became very popular in Germany during the 19th century. The form was used by Friedrich Rückert (1788–1866) and August von Platen (1796–1835). The Kashmiri-American poet Agha Shahid Ali liked the form. He edited a volume of "real ghazals in English".

paragraphs: It is common in ghazals for the poet's name to be in the last verse. This is known as takhallus.


title: Jahan Shah

paragraphs: Muzaffar al-Din Jahan Shah ibn Yusuf (died 1467) was the leader of the Kara Koyunlu Turkmen tribal federation in Azerbaijan and Arran. He ruled from about 1438 to 1467. He grew the Kara Koyunlu’s land to its largest. It included Western Anatolia, most of present day Iraq, central Iran, and even Kerman. He was one of the greatest rulers of the Kara Koyunlu. He was said to enjoy drinking and entertainment. During his rule Jahan Shah had the Gökmedrese and Muzafferiye theological schools built in his capital city Tabriz.


title: Book of Dede Korkut

paragraphs: The Book of Dede Korkut, also spelled as Dada Gorgud, Dede Qorqut or Qorqit ata, is the most famous epic stories of the Oghuz Turks. The stories have values important to the social lifestyle of the nomadic Turks and their pre-Islamic beliefs. The book's mythic story is part of the culture of Turkic states. Some of those are Turkey, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan and to a smaller amount Kyrgyzstan.

paragraphs: The stories were first told orally before they were written as a book. There are many versions of the stories. Many dates have been used for the first written copies. Geoffery Lewis dates it fairly early in the 15th century. Cemal Kafadar said that it was no earlier than the 15th century. Stanford Jay Shaw (1977) in his history of the Ottoman empire dates it in the 14th century.


title: Abbas II of Persia

paragraphs: Shah Abbas II (born 31 December 1632; died 25/26 October 1666) was Shah of Iran from 1642 to 1666. He was the seventh Shah of the Safavid Dynasty. He was the son of Shah Safi I and a Circassian, Anna Khanum. His name was Sultan Muhammed Mirza until he became Shah on 15 May 1642. Since he was less than ten years old when he became shah, the job of governing Persia was given to the grand vizier Saru Taqi.

paragraphs: Saru Taqi tried to end corruption. He made many enemies. On 11 October 1645 he was killed by a group of army officers. Then Khalifa Sultan became grand vizier until his death in 1653 or 1654.

paragraphs: Abbas' reign was mostly peaceful. It was important for not having any Ottoman attacks. In 1648 Abbas conquered Kandahar. He kept it from attacks by Mughal India. He died in Khusruabad near Damghan on the night of 25–26 October 1666.


title: 2012 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup

paragraphs: The 2012 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup women's football tournament is the third such tournament. It will be held in Azerbaijan from 22 September to 13 October, following a decision by the Executive Committee on 19 March 2010.

paragraphs: France won the title after defeating Korea DPR 1–1 (7–6 after pen.).

paragraphs: The official mascot of this World Cup is The Top Top Girl. This means ball in Azerbaijani. It is a young girl with the national flag painted on her cheeks. The body is blue, red, green and white like the host's national team. Her brown hair in a ponytail is meant to look like a buta. This is a curving decorative motif widely used in Azerbaijani art.

paragraphs: All four venues were first to be only in Baku.

paragraphs: There will also be matches in Lankaran. Tofik Bakhramov Stadium is the stadium where the final stages will be held.

paragraphs: The following awards were given for the tournament:


title: Azerbaijan national futsal team

paragraphs: The Azerbaijan national futsal team is the national futsal team of Azerbaijan. It is controlled by Association of Football Federations of Azerbaijan. It represents Azerbaijan in international futsal competitions and is ranked 15 in the world. This makes it the highest ranking team from Caucasus in the World Rankings.

paragraphs: Azerbaijan's first time at a big level came during UEFA European Futsal Championship 2010.


title: 2010 UEFA Futsal Championship

paragraphs: The 2010 UEFA Futsal Championship was the sixth official edition of the UEFA-governed European Championship for national futsal teams. It was hosted by Hungary. It was between January 19 and January 30, 2010. There were two venues. One was in Budapest (Papp László Sportaréna) and one in Debrecen (Főnix Arena). For the first time, twelve teams were in the final round.

paragraphs: Spain defeated Portugal in the final by 4–2. This was the fifth title in a row for Spain.

paragraphs: Thirty-eight nations took part in the qualifying round. Hungary was selected because they were the host.


title: DreamWorks Animation

paragraphs: DreamWorks Animation is an animation studio.

paragraphs: Edwin R. Leonard, CTO of DreamWorks Animation, won a special achievement award at the 2008 Annies for driving their innovative work with open-source software and Linux.


title: Bagan

paragraphs: Bagan (; also called Pagan) is an ancient city in the Mandalay region of Myanmar. It was the capital of the Kingdom of Pagan from the 9th to 13th centuries. During the kingdom's golden age between the 11th and 13th centuries, over 10,000 Buddhist temples, pagodas and monasteries were built in Bagan.

paragraphs: Now, the archaeological remains of over 2,200 of these temples and pagodas are in the surrounding plains. It is one of the biggest places for tourism in the country.


title: User guide

paragraphs: A user guide is a book about how to use something. It is also called an instruction manual.

paragraphs: A computer usually has a user guide to tell people how to use it. A computer program also often has a user guide.

paragraphs: The user guide is often written by the person who made the software.

paragraphs: People who want to write a user guide must keep the words very simple so other people can understand what you are saying. It also helps to put many pictures into the user guide.

paragraphs: If there are pictures, people who read or speak a different language can still understand what to do with the equipment or software.


title: Cyril Bourlon de Rouvre

paragraphs: Cyril Hubert Marie Bourlon de Rouvre is a French businessman and politician born the 19th of December 1945 at Boulogne-Billancourt.

paragraphs: After studies at the "collège Maspero" in Paris, then at the "collège Saint-Martin de France" in Pontoise, at the Oratory School in Reading, at the "Collège Saint-Jean" in Fribourg and at the "Lycée Janson-de-Sailly", Cyril Bourlon de Rouvre study electrical engineering at "Jussieu" before being graduate aerospace engineer at the "Institut polytechnique des sciences avancées".

paragraphs: In 1979, at the death of his father, murdered by his valet, he inherits a large real estate holdings, a sugar refinery and 28 companies. He is CEO of "Financière Robur et de Cofragec" (1982-1992), of "Coficine" (1984-1992), of "Gestimage" (1985-1992), of "Fabriques Sucre" company (1987-1992), of "Robur DA" (1988-1992), of SFDIC (1990-1992), general manager of " Éditions Robur" (1986-1992), of Elphora (1983-1992), of "Société Joyeux" (1985-1992), of Vrille (1987-1992), of 3C (1988-1992) and of the "Films de La Tour" (1989-1992).

paragraphs: In 1987, he started a new career into film distribution by acquiring, from the producer Robert Dorfmann, by one of its companies, the "Financière Robur", Cofragec company with its catalog of 650 films including "La Grande Vadrouille" or "La Vache et le Prisonnier".

paragraphs: In 1989, he starts a political career in "Haute-Marne", department where which his grandfather Charles de Rouvre was deputy during the French Third Republic. He is elected mayor of Chaumont, without political party against the centrist senator and mayor Georges Berchet, and regional councilor for the region Champagne-Ardenne (1992-1998).

paragraphs: Owner of the Formula 1 team AGS from March 1989 to 1991, he swallowed $18 million and began selling activities of his group, about 70 companies: First Transair, then the sugar factory, sold to the "Compagnie de Navigation Mixte", and in 1992, the catalog movies, lent to UGC in the form of a merger. In 1991, he gives AGS the Italians Gabriele Rafanelli and Patrizio Cantu.

paragraphs: In 1992, Cyril de Rouvre buys the Formula 1 team Guy Ligier for an estimated price of 200 million of francs. With his new owner, the team start again to be competitive and the 1993 season is a success, with a 5th place in the constructor rank (the best results since 1986). But the involvement of Cyril de Rouvre lasts only one season because of legal troubles.

paragraphs: The 14th of December 1993, the judge Eva Joly incarcerated him at the "Fleury-Mérogis" Prison, as part of a complaint for fraud filed by the leaders of UGC, Guy Verrecchia and Alain Sussfeld, following the takeover in June 1992 the company Cofragec. This company has been emptied of its assets, leaving a liability estimated at 172.6 million francs. Cyril de Rouvre had promised to repay this sum at the end of 1992 but at that time, he still had 100 million. On 5 May 1993, leaders of UGC have filed a complaint against him. He spent two months in prison.

paragraphs: In early 1994, he sold Ligier to Flavio Briatore.

paragraphs: He lost the mayor of Chaumont at the French municipal elections of 1995.

paragraphs: In 1996, a judicial investigation was opened against him at the "Tribunal de grande instance" of Chaumont. He appeared before the Criminal Court of this city in September 1999 for tax evasion. Knowing that the prosecution had asked him against three years imprisonment and 20-year ban on company management, he is sentenced the 19th of December 1999, date of his birthday, to 18 months imprisonment suspended and a ban from managing a company for 3 years and a fine large tax.


Settlement


title: RNA polymerase

paragraphs: RNA polymerase (RNAP) is the enzyme which does transcription.The 2006 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Roger D. Kornberg for creating detailed molecular images of RNA polymerase during various stages of the transcription process.

paragraphs: With the help of some other molecules, it makes messenger RNA from a strand of a DNA. This is its main function, but it does various other things. Products of RNAP include:

paragraphs: Eukaryotes have various RNAPs in their nuclei, each to synthesis a type of RNA. All are similar and related to each other and to bacterial RNAP:

paragraphs: Eukaryotic chloroplasts have an RNAP very similar to bacterial RNAP ("plastid-encoded polymerase"). Eukaryotic chloroplasts also have a second, unrelated, RNAP.

paragraphs: Eukaryotic mitochondria contain an unrelated RNAP (member of the "single-subunit RNAP" protein family).

paragraphs: X-ray crystallography of DNA and RNA polymerases show that, other than having a Mg ion at the catalytic site, they are virtually unrelated to each other. So the two classes of enzyme have arisen independently twice in the early evolution of cells. One line led to the modern DNA polymerases and reverse transcriptases. The other line led to all modern cellular RNA polymerases.


title: Weronika Książkiewicz

paragraphs: Weronika Książkiewicz (born March 21, 1981) is a Polish movie and television actress.

paragraphs: Weronika Książkiewicz born in 1981 in Moscow. Her mother is Polish and her father is Russian. Weronika has a son, Borys Aleksander.


title: Gameloft

paragraphs: Gameloft S. A. ("SA" means "Société anonyme", a French company type) is the world's biggest developer and publisher for mobile games, for example Java-based phones, Android, and iPhone. Its headquarters are in Paris, France. It was founded in the year 1999 by Michel Guillemot, who stepped down as head of the company during mass media company Vivendi's hostile takeover of Gameloft in 2015.

paragraphs: The company was founded in 1999, but it really started to make profits in 2003. At the end of 2007, Gameloft announced that it is now the biggest video game company for mobile devices, with a revenue of 26 million euros. At that moment, more than 4,000 employees were working for Gameloft.

paragraphs: In 2011, Gameloft had a revenue of US$164.4 million. This is an increase of 17% compared to 2010. Its games have been downloaded more than 125 million times.

paragraphs: Gameloft released a system called "Gameloft Live", a community platform for games. It lets players share their results, create profiles, etc. A free registration is required to use it. Games that support online multiplayer use Gameloft Live as their connection platform.


title: Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport

paragraphs: Adolfo Suárez, Madrid-Barajas Airport is Madrid's biggest airport. It is in the district of Barajas, northeast of the centre of Madrid. On March 24, 2014, the Spanish government announced that they will rename the airport after last Prime Minister of Spain Adolfo Suarez.

paragraphs: The airport was originally set up in 1931. At first it was only a small building. The first terminal, now known as Terminal 2, was built in 1952. Air traffic increased. It was designed by Madrid-based architect Antonio Lamela. Because of this the airport was again expanded in 1971. Terminal 1 was made. It was meant for international traffic. In 1997, Terminal 3, then known as "Terminal Norte" opened. It was mainly for the Air Shuttle service between Madrid and Barcelona. Terminal 4 was opened, together with its satellite terminal, in February 2006.

paragraphs: The airport has four terminal buildings and a satellite terminal: T1, T2, T3, T4 and T4S.

paragraphs: The three first are connected. T4 can be reached with a free shuttle bus. The satellite terminal is reachable from the T4 by an underground automatic train.

paragraphs: The "metro de Madrid" underground line 8 stops at terminal T2 and at terminal T4, and a supplement applies for both stops. Renfe commuter trains ("Cercanías") on the C-1 line stop at terminal T4. The airport is also connected by bus and coach services to regional and national destinations.


title: Jeff Bridges

paragraphs: Jeffrey Leon Bridges (born December 4, 1949) is an American actor. he was born in Los Angeles, California to actor Lloyd Bridges (1913-1998) and actress Dorothy Bridges (née Simpson, 1915-2009). His brother Beau Bridges (born 1941) is also an actor.

paragraphs: Bridges has starred in many movies, including: "Starman", "The Fisher King", "The Vanishing", "The Big Lebowski", "Arlington Road", "The Contender", "K-PAX", "Seabiscuit", "The Door in the Floor", "Iron Man", "Crazy Heart" and "True Grit".

paragraphs: In October 2020, Bridges was diagnosed with lymphoma.


title: Don't Say a Word

paragraphs: Don't Say a Word is a 2001 American psychological thriller movie starring Michael Douglas, Brittany Murphy and Sean Bean. It was directed by Gary Fleder and is based on the novel Don't Say a Word by Andrew Klavan.

paragraphs: Douglas plays New York psychiatrist Nathan Conrad, whose daughter is kidnapped by gang leader Patrick Koster (Bean) in order to force him to get catatonic post-traumatic stress disorder psychiatric patient Elisabeth Burrows (Brittany Murphy) to tell him a number which only she knows. Kloster wants that number because it will lead him to the whereabouts of a stolen diamond.


title: Unterhaltungssoftware Selbstkontrolle

paragraphs: Unterhaltungssoftware Selbstkontrolle (, abbreviation USK) is the official computer games rating organization in Germany. All ratings by USK are official and fall under law, so you must appreciate them. You have to show the seller your passport if you fall under age restrictions: USK ensures that computer games are only sold to children and young people if the contents of the games have been approved as OK for them.

paragraphs: The USK has been founded in 1994 and has it headquarters in Berlin, Germany. Around 30,000 video games have been checked for approval since the beginning; every year more than 1,000 games are submitted by publishers. USK defines itself as "the strictest age classification rules in the world". The game is not allowed to be sold in Germany if there is no USK verification.


title: Not Going Out

paragraphs: Not Going Out is a British television sitcom set in London Docklands. It began on 6 October 2006 and is shown on BBC One. It stars Lee Mack as Lee, who is from Chorley, Lancashire. Megan Dodds plays his landlady Kate in series 1. Sally Bretton plays Lucy Adams, who is brought in at the beginning of series 2 to become Lee's new landlady when Kate moves back to California. Tim Vine plays Timothy Adams - who is Lee's best friend, Kate's ex-boyfriend and Lucy's brother. Tim is written out when he moves to Germany. Lee marries Lucy, they have three children and move to the suburbs.


title: Jeremy Irons

paragraphs: Jeremy John Irons (born 19 September 1948) is an English theater and movie actor. The movies in which he has starred include "Die Hard with a Vengeance" (1995).

paragraphs: Irons trained as an actor at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School. He played John the Baptist and Judas in "Godspell" for a total of 1,128 performances. In 2005, Irons won both an Emmy award and a Golden Globe award for his supporting role in the TV mini-series, "Elizabeth I".


title: Ashik

paragraphs: An Ashik is a traveling bard, in Turkey, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Armenia, and Iran. They sing and play the saz, a form of lute. The songs are made up on the spot around common ideas.

paragraphs: The Ashik tradition started with the Shamanistic beliefs of ancient Turkic peoples. The ancient ashiks were called by many names. Some names were "bakhshi" (Baxşı), dede (dədə), and uzan or ozan. They helped keep oral tradition, helped make a shared value system and kept the culture of their people.

paragraphs: In September 2009, Azerbaijan’s ashik art was added to the UNESCO Cultural Heritage Lists.

paragraphs: The word Ashik comes from the Arabic word "Asheq". It means the "one who is in love".


title: Akinchi

paragraphs: Akinchi, also written as Ekinchi ( / اکينچي) was an Azerbaijan newspaper. It was made in Baku It was the first newspaper fully printed in the Azerbaijani language. It was also the first newspaper in Russia printed in a Turkic language. The name means "The Ploughman".

paragraphs: Hasan bey Zardabi started the newspaper. He was a journalist, teacher and scientist. "Akinchi" was thought to be almost revolutionary because of the language it was made in and that so many people could read it. Zardabi used a simpler form of the Azeri language so more people could read the paper.

paragraphs: The Russian governor of the Caucasus Dmitry Staroselsky liked Zardabi's plans. Staroselsky supported him in starting "Akinchi". He was also the one to name the newspaper. He thought the name would make the authorities think that "Akinchi" was non-political and about agriculture. In addition to agriculture articles Zardabi wrote about medicine and biology. There were also stories about the social and cultural state of Muslims in the Caucasus. The first issue of "Akinchi" was printed on 22 July 1875.

paragraphs: Partly because Staroselsky left, the paper ended on 29 September 1877. There was also little money and few readers. There were only 300 constant readers. The paper helped there be more journalism in Azerbaijan.


title: Raion

paragraphs: A raion (or rayon) is the name of a way several former Soviet republics are divided. The word is from French "rayon" which means 'honeycomb, department'. It describes both a type of a subnational entity and a division of a city. It is commonly written in English as "district". Raion also can be used simply as a second division without anything to do with ethnicity or nationality. A raion is usually two steps below the national level. In smaller countries it could be the first level.


title: Autonomous republic

paragraphs: An autonomous republic is a type of administrative division similar to a province. Many autonomous republics are in countries that used to be part of the Soviet Union. The most are in Russia.


title: Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic

paragraphs: The Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic is a landlocked exclave of Azerbaijan. The region covers 5,500 km². It borders Armenia to the east and north, Iran to the south and west, and Turkey to the northwest.

paragraphs: Nakhchivan has a long history dating back to the Neolithic period. Armenia had the area for a thousand years. Nakhchivan became part of the Safavid dynasty of Persia in the sixteenth century. After the last Russo-Persian War, the Nakhchivan khanate became part of the Russian Empire in 1828. The region has had much bloodshed between Armenians and Azerbaijanis. They both claim the region.

paragraphs: In June 1918, the region came under the Ottomans. Under the Armistice of Mudros, the Ottomans agreed to leave. The British then had control.

paragraphs: In July 1920, Soviets took over the region. This began seventy years of Soviet Rule. In January 1990 Nakhchivan became independent from the USSR. A year later they joined the newly independent Republic of Azerbaijan.

paragraphs: Nakhchivan has eight divisions. Seven of these are "raions". The capital city is separate.


title: Khachmaz (city)

paragraphs: Khachmaz is a city in the Khachmaz Rayon of Azerbaijan.

paragraphs: The name comes from "khachmataki" which is a tribe of Huns. The economy of Khachmaz is partly agricultural, partly tourist based, and some industries. The main tourist place is the Nabran district.


title: Spitting spider

paragraphs: A spitting spider is a spider in the family Scytodidae. There are more than 150 species of spitting spider in the world. Spitting spiders are related to the recluse spiders in the "Sicariidae" family.

paragraphs: The name "spitting spider" comes from the way these spiders hunt. The spider spits a sticky and poisonous liquid at its prey. The liquid congeals (becomes solid) around the target. When the prey is trapped, the spider bites it to kill it with venom. It then wraps the prey in spider silk like many other spiders do.

paragraphs: A spitting spider attack is very fast. It takes about 1/700th of a second. This kind of spider can spit . The spider spits in a Z pattern and criss-crosses its prey in sticky liquid.

paragraphs: There are five genera of spitting spiders:


title: Tilda Swinton

paragraphs: Katherine Mathilda Swinton (born 5 November 1960) is an English actress well known for both arthouse and mainstream movies, which include "The Chronicles of Narnia". Swinton was born in London to John Swinton (born 1925) and Australian Judith (née Killen).

paragraphs: She graduated from New Hall in 1983. While at college, she joined the Communist Party.

paragraphs: Swinton worked with the Traverse Theatre in Edinburgh and the Royal Shakespeare Company. She worked with director Derek Jarman for most of her early movies.


title: Amedeo Avogadro

paragraphs: Amedeo Avogadro (9 August 1776, Turin, Piedmont – 9 July 1856) was an Italian scientist. He is most famous for his contributions to molecular theory. The number of elementary entities (atoms, molecules, ions or other particles) in 1 mole of a substance, , is known as the Avogadro constant.


title: Martin Chalfie

paragraphs: Martin Chalfie is a biochemist from the United States. In 2008, he shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry along with Osamu Shimomura and Roger Y. Tsien "for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP".


title: Absheron Rayon

paragraphs: Absheron Rayon, also spelled as Apsheron, is a raion of Azerbaijan. There is also an Absheron Peninsula, but they are not in the same area.

paragraphs: Absheron was started in 1963 by the Soviet government. There are lots of historical monuments in Absheron. For example, in the village Aşağı Güzdək there are agricultural tools from the 19th century. In Goradile village, there is Abdurrahman mosque from the 19th century. Mosques from the 18th century are in Məmmədli. Ancient wells which provided water supply to people living in this territory are still used in Aşağı Güzdək and Xirdalan. Tombs from 8th - 18th centuries are also kept: in Fatmai, Digah, Masazir, Hökməli and Saray.

paragraphs: The name Absheron comes from the words 'ap shuran'. This means 'place of salty water' in an ancient Iranian Azeri language.


title: Rayon

paragraphs: Rayon is a manufactured reconstituted cellulose fiber. It is made from purified cellulose. This is mainly from wood pulp, which is chemically changed into a soluble compound. It is then dissolved and forced through a spinneret to produce filaments. These are chemically solidified, resulting in man-made fibres of nearly pure cellulose. Because rayon is manufactured from naturally occurring polymers, it is considered a semi-synthetic fiber.


title: Khizi Rayon

paragraphs: Khizi (Xızı) is a raion of Azerbaijan. Its capital is the village of Xızı. This raion has the smallest number of people in Azerbaijan. The raion has a large variety of landscapes. On the flat Caspian coast there are irrigated cattle and chicken-breeding lowlands around Shurabad. West of Giläzi, the Xızı road goes through semi-desert landscapes known as the Candy Cane Mountains. Around 10 km west of Xızı town, the green, heavily forested hills around Alti Agach which are the Altyaghach National Park. The national park is home to the rare East Caucasian Tur, a mountain dwelling goat antelope found only in the eastern half of the Caucasus Mountains.


title: Patsy Kensit

paragraphs: Patricia Jude Francis Kensit (born 4 March 1968) is a British actress, model, and singer. She was born in Hounslow, London to an Irish mother and English father.

paragraphs: Kensit's movie roles include "Absolute Beginners", "Lethal Weapon 2" and "Twenty-One". She acted in soap opera "Emmerdale" from 2004–2006 and in medical drama "Holby City" from 2007–2010.

paragraphs: Kensit was a contestant in the 2010 series of "Strictly Come Dancing". She is a housemate in the January 2015 series of Celebrity Big Brother (UK).

paragraphs: Kensit is a Roman Catholic. She has been married to four musicians: Dan Donovan (1988–1991), Jim Kerr (1992–1996), Liam Gallagher (1997–2000) and Jeremy Healy (2009–2010). The first three marriages ended in divorce. She is separated from her fourth husband. She has two sons - one by Kerr and one by Gallagher.


title: Lethal Weapon

paragraphs: Lethal Weapon is a 1987 American buddy cop action movie. It was directed by Richard Donner and produced by him and Joel Silver. It was written by Shane Black. It stars Mel Gibson and Danny Glover as LAPD sergeants. Gibson plays narcotics sergeant Martin Riggs and Glover plays homicide sergeant Roger Murtaugh. They are very different from each other. However, they have to work together to stop a gang of heroin smugglers, including characters played by Gary Busey and Mitchell Ryan.

paragraphs: It is the first in a series of four movies.


title: Macedonian phalanx

paragraphs: The Macedonian phalanx is an infantry formation developed by Philip II. It was used by his son Alexander the Great to conquer the Persian Empire. The formation was made up of spearmen carrying 18 to 20 ft (5.56 m) long spears. These were called sarissas. They were two-handed; the smaller shields were slung over the left shoulder.

paragraphs: The Macedonian phalanx was impregnable from the front, but vulnerable from the sides and back, where it could be attacked by the enemy cavalry. Therefore, the system required protection, which it got from the Macedonian cavalry, which was the most flexible force.

paragraphs: At the start of a battle, Alexander used the phalanx to pin down the enemy. His heavy cavalry would drive the enemy horse from the field, and then charge selected opponents or exposed enemy unit flanks. Then, the phalanx would move against the centre.

paragraphs: The early Greek city states often fought on narrow valley floors, where cavalry was not so important. Often, there was little or no cavalry. But in the Greco-Persian Wars, the battles were fought on more open land, where cavalry was a great force. An example of this is the Battle of Gaugamela. There, Alexander manoeuvered to the right to prevent a double envelopment from the Persian army. Darius commanded his cavalry on his left flank to check the oblique movement of the Greeks by attacking their cavalry. Alexander's Companion cavalry then charged the weakened enemy center where Darius was posted and were followed by the phalanx formation.


title: Confectionery

paragraphs: Confectionery or sweets is a type of food that has a lot of sugar in it and is very sweet. It often includes things that are rich in artificial sweeteners, flavours and colourings. The words candy (North America), sweets (UK and Ireland) and lollies (Australia and New Zealand) are also used for the many kinds of confections. Confections are usually low in nutrients but rich in calories. Sweets can come from anywhere.


title: Sustainable seafood

paragraphs: For thousands of years, people have caught and eaten fish and seafood. Today this has become a problem: The population has increased, and more fish and seafood need to be caught to feed all the people. This means that the populations of fish have less time to regenerate, and they get depleted, which is known as overfishing. Sustainable seafood is the idea of catching the fish, without putting the ecosystem they come from in danger. Sustainable seafood is either caught wild, or it is farmed, but without endangering the ecosystem, and giving the stocks a chance to grow. There are different non-profit organizations that watch over these rules. Special "labels" have been created so the consumer can see that the fish or seafood was bred or caught in accordance with these rules.


title: Pacifica, California

paragraphs: Pacifica is a city in San Mateo County, California. It is on the coast of the Pacific Ocean between San Francisco and Half Moon Bay.

paragraphs: According to the City's 2009 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are:

paragraphs: The public elementary and middle school district, known as Pacifica School District, (formerly the Laguna Salada School District), consists of Vallemar, Cabrillo, Ingrid B. Lacy, Sunset Ridge, Ortega, Linda Mar and Ocean Shore schools. Pacifica has one private high school and two public high schools which are part of the Jefferson Union High School District.

paragraphs: Peninsula Library System operates the Pacifica-Sanchez Library and the Pacifica-Sharp Park Library.


title: Howlin' Wolf

paragraphs: Chester Arthur Burnett (10 June 1910 – 10 January 1976), known as Howlin' Wolf, was an American blues singer. He was born on a plantation near Ruleville, Mississippi. Burnett tried to emulate the singing style of Jimmie Rodgers, a white, country yodeler. Although he never mastered the yodeling technique, his distinctive style earned him the nickname of "The Wolf".

paragraphs: Burnett traveled around the Mississippi delta for nearly twenty years singing with famous blues artists, including Robert Johnson and Sonny Boy Williamson. In 1949, the Wolf moved to Chicago and spent time with Muddy Waters. They recorded for Chess Records. While Waters toured the country performing, Burnett began to play at several of the Chicago clubs frequented by Waters. After Burnett was embraced by the Chicago R&B scene, a rivalry developed between him and Waters.

paragraphs: The Wolf had a series of hits in the 1950s, including "Moanin' at Midnight", "Killing Floo", "How Many More Years", "I Ain't Smart", and "Smokestack Lightin'".


title: Hercule Poirot

paragraphs: Hercule Poirot is a fictional detective. He was created by Agatha Christie. He was in 33 novels and 51 short stories. The stories were published between 1920 and 1975.

paragraphs: Poirot has been portrayed on radio, on screen, for films and television. Some of the actors who played him are John Moffatt, Albert Finney, Sir Peter Ustinov, Sir Ian Holm, Tony Randall, Alfred Molina and David Suchet.


title: Oligochaete

paragraphs: Oligochaetes are a subclass of worms in the phylum Annelida.

paragraphs: With around 10,000 species the Oligochaetes make up about a half of the phylum Annelida. These worms usually have few chaetae or "bristles" on the outer body surface, unlike polychaetes. The best known is the garden earthworm.

paragraphs: Oligochaetes are segmented worms and most have a spacious body cavity (coelom) which is used as a hydroskeleton. They range in length from less than 0.5 millimetres (0.020 in) up to 2 to 3 metres (6.6 to 9.8 ft) in the 'giant' species such as the Giant Gippsland Earthworm and the Mekong Worm "Amynthas mekongianus".


title: Worm

paragraphs: A worm is a type of animal that usually has no arms or legs and has a cylinder-like body. All worms are invertebrates, meaning that they do not have a backbone. Worms can come in many different sizes. Many worm species are so small that they can't be seen with the human eye, while the bootlace worm has been known to grow up to nearly 60 meters (almost 200 feet). One of the most well-known types of worms are earthworms.

paragraphs: There are several subcategories of worms, many of which are very different than others. Annelids, nematodes, platyhelminthes, ribbon worms, arrow worms, priapulid worms, and some insect larvae are all of animals that are often called worms.


title: Bush Doctor

paragraphs: Bush Doctor is the fourth studio album from Peter Tosh. It was released in 1978. One of the songs on it is a duet with Mick Jagger on "Don't Look Back".


title: Ikariam

paragraphs: Ikariam is a browser-based massively multiplayer online (MMO) game. It is from the company Gameforge AG. "Ikariam" is a strategy, text/picture based game. "Ikariam" was released in 2008. It is currently, as of May 2, 2012, on version 0.5.0. The game is set during the era of Ancient Greece.

paragraphs: The aim of the game is to expand the town which is controlled by a player, to gather resources and conquer other players. The game can be played for short periods of time. The player can build and research and it is during real time so the player can return at a later point and assign the town's people a new tasks. Upon registering, players are given control of a small town. The town's people pay taxes to the player or can be sent to gather resources instead. The game world is split into islands, each of which can support up to 16 (or up to 17 if the player purchases ambrosia) players and their towns. Each island has a structure called a Saw Mill. There are four types of islands, one is a crystal, one is sulfur, one is wine, and one is marble. With those four resources the player may construct buildings such as barracks, shipyards and academies. Citizens of the town can then be trained as soldiers, sent to research new technologies, or perform other tasks, which they are paid tax money for undertaking. Citizens must be kept happy to prevent them from leaving the town. Citizens happiness factors change multiple ways, the construction of a tavern is one of the best ways to gain happiness. Another way to gain is by building museums and set up cultural treaties with other players.

paragraphs: The game also provides four advisors to guide the player throughout the game; they are shown in the top right of the screen. From left to right the names are: Towns, Military, Research and Diplomacy.

paragraphs: Ikariam is free-to-play but players may opt to purchase in-game advantages via a Microtransaction system. This will give them access to a sixth resource called Ambrosia, which can be used for Ikariam Plus, the premium version of Ikariam.

paragraphs: On building an embassy and upgrading it to level three a player is then able to create an alliance. An alliance is a group of players with the same interests or goals. The players can also put their own units into each others towns for extra defense. With an alliance you can do join raids and work together on taking over towns. If you are the leader of the alliance, how many members you can have in your alliance depends on your embassy level. Also, you get a small amount of "bonus" resources each day, depending on the number of people in your alliance. An alliance has three jobs that can be assigned by the leader: the Diplomat, the General and the Home Secretary. The diplomat is responsible for making treaties, answering messages sent to the alliance, and editing the external alliance page which is viewable by all players. The General is responsible for overlooking all alliance members military movements, and has the ability to call off any attacks being made by alliance members. The Home Secretary is responsible for editing ranks within the alliance and editing the internal alliance page which is viewed only by the alliance members.

paragraphs: There are many worlds in "Ikariam". The current worlds go from Alpha to Ypsilon.


title: Modern Combat 3: Fallen Nation

paragraphs: Modern Combat 3: Fallen Nation (abbreviated "MC3") is a shooter game by the developer and publisher Gameloft. It was released end October 2011 for iOS devices and mid December for Android devices. It is a sequel to 2009's "Modern Combat: Sandstorm" and 2010's "Modern Combat 2: Black Pegasus".

paragraphs: In the backstory to the game, terrorists from North Korea, Pakistan and Russia have formed an alliance with the name "K.P.R.". Led by General Popovich and General Tong, the K.P.R. alliance declared war to the United States. After they hacked the U.S. defense network down, K.P.R. went on US territory and deployed several big weapons in American cities.

paragraphs: The game begins in Los Angeles, as Corporal James Walker and his team are going into the NSA building. They need to secure important information in the building. After some successful missions, Walker is contacted by Sergeant Downs. Then, Walker is in the "Phantom Unit". They are then sent on a mission to Alaska to locate and secure a missing group of American soldiers.

paragraphs: Later, Phantom Unit goes to Pakistan. They have to capture Edward Page, a former US Ranger who has joined the K.P.R. Alliance. After his capture, Page says that General Tong is planning to bomb America from North Korea. The squad can kill Tong, but after a while Popovich captures Downs and Walker. A nuclear missile is then launched to destroy Seattle. As prisoners of K.P.R., they can escape after a while, destroy the nuclear weapons. After that, the US miliary can end the KPR threat by retaking American ground.

paragraphs: As with both "Sandstorm" and "Black Pegasus", "Fallen Nation" has received relatively positive reviews.

paragraphs: Slide to Play rated the game a 4/4, saying ""Modern Combat 3" is a gorgeous, adrenaline rush of a game that capably answers the (mobile) call of duty.

paragraphs: IGN gave the game an 8.5/10 and called it "a huge, intense, and polished shooter. "Modern Combat 3" is the best FPS on mobile devices"

paragraphs: TouchArcade also gave a positive review, concluding that "if you want to play first person shooters on your iOS device, "Modern Combat 3: Fallen Nation" is a must-buy game."


title: Reactivity series

paragraphs: In introductory chemistry, the reactivity series or activity series is an empirical series of metals, in order of "reactivity" from highest to lowest. It is used to summarize information about the chemical reactions of metals with acids and water, single displacement reactions and the extraction of metals from their ores.

paragraphs: The elements at a higher level are more reactive, whereas the elements at a lower level are less reactive.

paragraphs: There are a few non metals that are added for references.

paragraphs: Ex: carbon, which comes after aluminum, and hydrogen, which comes after lead.

paragraphs: The metals above carbon cannot be reduced by carbon. This is same for hydrogen also.


title: Vidal Sassoon

paragraphs: Vidal Sassoon (17 January 1928 - 9 May 2012) was a British hairdresser. He was born in Hammersmith, London to Sephardi Jewish parents. He moved to New York in the late 1960s. He later moved to Los Angeles, California. Sassoon was married four times. The first three marriages ended in divorce. His second marriage was to Canadian actress Beverly Adams (born 1940). The couple had three children together and adopted another. Sassoon was diagnosed with leukemia in 2009 and died at his Bel Air, Los Angeles home. His fourth marriage lasted until his death.


title: Amanda Redman

paragraphs: Amanda Jacqueline Redman (born 12 August 1957) is a British actress. She was born in Brighton.

paragraphs: Redman's movie roles include Deedee Dove in "Sexy Beast". Her television roles include "At Home with the Braithwaites" and "New Tricks".

paragraphs: Redman's aunt was actress Joyce Redman (1915-2012). Redman married actor Robert Glenister (born 1960) in 1984. Their daughter Emily Glenister was born in 1987. The couple divorced in 1992.


title: Special forces

paragraphs: Special forces, or special operations forces are military units used to trained to perform unconventional (not ordinary), difficult, often high-risk missions. They are highly-trained and are the most valuable units in the world. Because of the hard training and the high risk, there are not many special forces units. Those elite units are often used to operate deep behind enemy lines. In a war they are also used for unconventional warfare.

paragraphs: Because special forces are really rare, they mostly have to do unusual, difficult things like:

paragraphs: Special forces were very important in the history of warfare where war is more defined as "hit and run" and sabotage, and not traditional army combat where quantity was more important than quality.

paragraphs: The Chinese strategist "Jiang Ziya" said about 1,000 B.C. ago that such elite units had many advantages, recruiting talented and motivated men to be serving in specialised units should be more important than other things.

paragraphs: Special forces were formed in the early 20th century, during World War I. In this "big" war, military operations inside enemy territory showed tactical benefits. They were often used to sabotage enemy infrastructure like radio stations, which are important for communication between the troops.

paragraphs: Special forces units gained more importance during World War II, when technology became more important.


title: Sumqayit

paragraphs: Sumgayit (also, Sumgait and Sumqayyt) is one of the largest cities in Azerbaijan. It is near the Caspian Sea and about 31 kilometres away from the capital, Baku. There were 308,700 people in 2009. It was started on November 22, 1949. It is home to Sumqayit State University.

paragraphs: Sumgayit City F.C. plays in the Azerbaijan Premier League.


title: Aghjabadi Rayon

paragraphs: Aghjabadi is a raion in central Azerbaijan. The capital is Aghjabadi. Aghjabadi raion was started in 1930. In 1963 it was ended and connected to Agdam Raion. In 1965, it became separate again. There are 46 settlements and 1 town in the district. There were 122,649 people in 2010.


title: Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan

paragraphs: Politically, Azerbaijan is divided into these administrative divisions:

paragraphs: This list is for the main part of Azerbaijan. The rayons of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic are listed below and numbered separately. Some rayons are completely or partially in the Nagorno-Karabakh, shown on the map in green; this is noted in the list. Nagorno-Karabakh is not recognised as an independent state, but it functions as one.

paragraphs: The rayons are further divided into municipalities.

paragraphs: The territory of Nagorno-Karabakh currently is made up of the rayons of Khojavend, Tartar, Goranboy, Shusha and Kalbajar. When the area was part of the Soviet Union, it was known as Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (NKAO). However, on 26 November 1991, the Parliament of the Azerbaijan SSR ended the autonomy of the NKAO. Its territory was divided between the neighboring rayons. Since the Nagorno-Karabakh War, however, it is under the control of the ethnic Armenian forces from Nagorno-Karabakh and Armenia.

paragraphs: The seven districts and one municipality of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic are listed and numbered separately.


title: Agdash Rayon

paragraphs: Agdash is a raion in central Azerbaijan. Agdash raion has Leki settlement and 72 villages. This raion has a good economic and geographic location. Turyan River and Kura River go through the raion. This area is surrounded by Tugay forests along Kura river bank, and Turyanchay State Preservation to the north.

paragraphs: Agdash city was started in 16th century. It is the capital.


title: Barda Rayon

paragraphs: Barda (Bərdə) is a raion of Azerbaijan. The capital city is Barda. There are 109 villages.


title: Beylagan Rayon

paragraphs: Beylagan (Beyləqan) is a raion of Azerbaijan. The capital city is Beylagan.


title: Bilasuvar Rayon

paragraphs: Bilasuvar (Biləsuvar) is a raion of Azerbaijan. The name in Turkic means "pure water falls". There are many rivers in this area.


title: Goychay Rayon

paragraphs: Goychay (Göyçay) is a raion of Azerbaijan. It is in the central part of the county, in the Shirvan valley. The capital is Goychay. There is one city and 55 villages. The region is famous for its pomegranate growing industry.

paragraphs: It is at the foot of Greater Caucasus mountain range.


title: Hajigabul Rayon

paragraphs: Hajigabul (Hacıqabul) is a raion of Azerbaijan. There are 31 populated areas. The Pirsaat River and valley is in this raion.


title: Imishli Rayon

paragraphs: Imishli (İmişli) is a rayon (district) of Azerbaijan. Imishli and Sabirabad Rayon share the largest lake of Azerbaijan, Lake Sarysu.


title: Kurdamir Rayon

paragraphs: Kurdamir (also Kürdəmir) is a district (raion) in Azerbaijan. The capital of the district is Kürdəmir.


title: Mingachevir

paragraphs: Mingachevir, sometimes spelled Mingecevir, is the fourth-biggest city in Azerbaijan. There are about 100,000 people. It is known as the "city of lights" because of its hydroelectric power station on the Kur River.

paragraphs: Mingechevir is home to Mingechevir Polytechnic Institute.


title: Neftchala Rayon

paragraphs: Neftchala (Neftçala) is a raion in Azerbaijan. It is on the shores of the Caspian Sea. Its name is Persian "Naft-Chala" and means oil trench.


title: Saatly Rayon

paragraphs: Saatly is a rayon in Azerbaijan. It was started in 1943. There are 87,000 people.


title: Sabirabad Rayon

paragraphs: Sabirabad is a rayon (district) of Azerbaijan. The capital, Sabirabad (city) is on the Araz and Kura rivers.


title: Salyan Rayon

paragraphs: Salyan is a raion of Azerbaijan. Its capital is Salyan. It is next to the Kura River. Most of the Shirvan National Park is in the raion.


title: Shirvan (city)

paragraphs: Shirvan is a city in Azerbaijan. Before 1938 it was named Zubovka. From 1938 to 2008 it was named Ali Bayramli, Azerbaijani. It is on the Kura River.


title: Ujar Rayon

paragraphs: Ujar Raion is a raion of Azerbaijan. It is in the centre of the country. There are 32 villages and 1 city in Ucar. The largest communities are Qazyan, Müsüslü and Qarabörk. There were about 77,900 people in 2009. The name is from the Turkic word "Ucqar" meaning "remote".


title: Yevlakh Rayon

paragraphs: Yevlakh (Yevlax) is a raion of Azerbaijan. The cities of Yevlakh and Mingachevir are in the raion.


title: Jecheon AIDS scandal

paragraphs: Jecheon AIDS scandal or Jecheon AIDS crime was a well-known sex crime that happened in Jecheon, South Korea. A male taxi driver was arrested by the police on 13 March 2009 for knowingly spreading HIV/AIDS to dozens of women in Jecheon between 2003 and 2009.

paragraphs: The offender was Mr. Jeon, a 27-year-old taxi driver who has HIV. He had sex with many women over five to six years, despite knowing his condition. The police said that his partners included drunken taxi passengers as well as bar girls he came to know while working as a driver. Many of the women were married women, housewives, or divorcees. Jeon rarely used condoms, according to local media.

paragraphs: Jeon said that he had had sex with ten women, but a survey estimated the number at between 70 to 400. His mobile phone, which had been confiscated by police, contained the phone numbers of about seventy women.


title: Raven paradox

paragraphs: The Raven paradox is a paradox first presented by the German logician Carl Gustav Hempel in the 1940s. The paradox stems from two intuitive principles for inductive reasoning: (i) logically-equivalent claims are interchangeable and (ii) particular instances confirm the corresponding universal generalization. Hempel showed that (i) and (ii) together entail the unintuitive conclusion that claims of the form "All As are Bs" can be confirmed by observing non-A, non-B objects.

paragraphs: Whenever (2) is true, (1) is too; likewise in all circumstances where (2) is false (i.e. if a world with white ravens is imagined), (1) is also false. Accordingly, (1) and (2) can be safely interchanged with one another.

paragraphs: Next, a particular object which is both A and B intuitively constitutes evidence for the claim "All As are Bs". Thus,

paragraphs: Following the same reasoning, a green apple (a non-black and non-raven object) is evidence supporting the hypothesis that all non-black things are non-ravens.

paragraphs: The paradox appears when these two principles are combined. If a green apple is evidence for "all non-black things are non-ravens" and "all non-black things are non-ravens" is equivalent to "all ravens are black", then green apples are also evidence for the hypothesis that "all ravens are black"! This conclusion is highly unintuitive despite the appeal of both starting principles.


title: Margin of error

paragraphs: The margin of error is a way to measure the sampling error in the results of a statistical survey. A bigger margin of error means that the results are less certain. Margins of error occur when a population is incompletely sampled. Usually, the margin of error is defined as the radius (half the width) of a confidence interval for a given sample.


title: Overfishing

paragraphs: Overfishing is catching too much fish. It is a type of overexploitation where fish stocks are reduced to low levels. It is a good example of what is good for the short term is not good for the long term. Also, what is good for some fishermen is not good for all of them (tragedy of the commons).

paragraphs: So much fish is caught that the there are too few adults of certain species left. With cod, for example, the greatest production of eggs is from large females. But these are caught, and the average size of spawning females has gone down. Eventually this gets so that the production of eggs is significantly reduced. The artificial selection of large fish has gradually reduced the size of mature females.

paragraphs: The Northwest Atlantic cod has been regarded as heavily overfished throughout its range, resulting in a crash in the fishery in the United States and Canada during the early 1990s.

paragraphs: Consumers can get information about the conservation status of the seafood available to them.