title: John Chilcot

paragraphs: Sir John Chilcot, GCB PC (; born 22 April 1939) is a British Privy Counsellor and former civil servant. He is the chairman of the Iraq Inquiry.

paragraphs: His appointment as chairman of an inquiry into the events surrounding the March 2003 invasion of Iraq and its aftermath was announced in June 2009.

paragraphs: He is now president of Britain's independent policing think tank, The Police Foundation.

paragraphs: His honours include CB (1990), KCB (1994), and GCB (1998). He became a Privy Counsellor in 2004, and was a member of the Butler Review. He acted as "staff counsellor" to MI5 and MI6 from 1999 to 2004, "dealing with private and personal complaints from members of the intelligence services about their work and conditions".


title: Time in Algeria

paragraphs: Algeria uses Central European Time (CET) which is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (). Algeria does not observe daylight savings time from 1981. Before 1981, it used Western European Time (WET) and Western European Summer Time (WEST).


title: Tarapacá Region

paragraphs: The I Tarapacá Region () is one of Chile's 15 first order administrative divisions. The present Tarapacá Region was created in 2007 by subdividing the former Tarapacá Region under Law 20.175. It became operational on 8 October 2007.

paragraphs: The port city of Iquique is the capital of the region.

paragraphs: Chile's former Tarapacá region was a former Peruvian province, which was occupied by Chile under the 1883 Treaty of Ancón at the close of the War of the Pacific, and then formally annexed in 1929 by the Treaty of Lima.

paragraphs: The region was important economically as a site of intense saltpeter mining, before synthetic nitrate manufacturing became possible.

paragraphs: The Tarapacá region borders the Arica and Parinacota region to the north, Bolivia's Oruro Department on the east, the Antofagasta region on the south and the Pacific Ocean on the west.

paragraphs: , there were (estimated) 336,769 persons living in the region, for a population density of inhabitants/km².

paragraphs: The largest city in the region is Iquique, with 164,396 inhabitants (2002 census).

paragraphs: In 2007, the former region of Tarapacá was subdivided to create the Arica y Parinacota Region to the north and the present day Tarapacá Region to the south. The Tarapacá region is further subdivided into two provinces: Arica and Parinacota.


title: Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje

paragraphs: Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje (; born 22 August 1967) is a British actor and former model. He is of Nigerian origin.

paragraphs: He is best known for his roles as Lock-Nah in "The Mummy Returns", Nykwana Wombosi in "The Bourne Identity", Mr. Eko on "Lost", and Simon Adebisi on "Oz".

paragraphs: His more recent roles include Malko in the fifth season of the HBO series "Game of Thrones". He played Dave Duerson in the NFL biopic drama "Concussion". He played Killer Croc in the 2016 movie "Suicide Squad".


title: John Brademas

paragraphs: Stephen John Brademas Jr. (March 2, 1927 – July 11, 2016) was an American politician and educator. He served as Majority Whip of the United States House of Representatives for the Democratic Party from 1977 to 1981.

paragraphs: He served as the 13th president of New York University from 1981 to 1992, and is a former chairman of the board of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, and board member of the New York Stock Exchange and Rockefeller Foundation.

paragraphs: Brademas died on July 11, 2016 in New York City, aged 89.


title: Jusztin Nándor Takács

paragraphs: Jusztin Nándor Takács (15 January 1927 – 11 July 2016) was a Hungarian Roman Catholic prelate. He was born in Rábacsanak, Hungary. He served as the Bishop of Székesfehérvár from 1991 until his retirement in 2003.

paragraphs: Takács died on 11 July 2016 from complications of pneumonia in Székesfehérvár, Hungary, aged 89.


title: Smart material

paragraphs: Smart materials, called also intelligent or responsive materials, are designed materials that have one or more properties that can be significantly changed in a controlled fashion by external stimuli, such as stress, temperature, moisture, pH, electric or magnetic fields, light, or chemical compounds.


title: CS Pandurii Târgu Jiu

paragraphs: Clubul Sportiv Pandurii Lignitul Târgu Jiu (English: "Târgu Jiu Lignite Pandurs Sports Club") is a Romanian association football club from Târgu Jiu, Gorj County. They currently play in the Liga II.

paragraphs: Pandurii Târgu Jiu was founded in August 1963 after two clubs, "Flacăra-Unirea Târgu Jiu" and "CIL Târgu-Jiu", came together. Their best performance in the Liga I was 2nd place in the 2012/13 season. They then qualified for the 2013–14 UEFA Europa League, and made it to the group stage after defeating Levadia Tallinn, Hapoel Tel Aviv and Braga in the qualification and play-off rounds.

paragraphs: Since 1963, the club has played at the Stadionul Tudor Vladimirescu. The stadium was demolished in 2015, and a new stadium will be built which will hold 12,000 people.


title: 2015–16 Liga I

paragraphs: The 2016–17 Liga I was the 98th season of Liga I, which is the top division football league in Romania. The season began on 10 July 2015 and ended in May 2016. It was won by Astra Giurgiu.

paragraphs: Teams start the Championship round with their points from the Regular season halved, rounded upwards, and no other records carried over from the Regular season.

paragraphs: Teams start the Relegation round with their points from the Regular season halved, rounded upwards, and no other records carried over from the Regular season.

paragraphs: UTA Arad, from the Liga II, qualifies to the second round.

paragraphs: Voluntari wins second round and stays in the Liga I.


title: Hooghly River

paragraphs: The Hooghly River Ganga is an 260 km long river. It is a distributary river of Ganges River. Farakka Barrage a dam diverts water from Ganges into a canal near the town of Tildanga of Murshidabad district. This canal supplies Hooghly river with adequate water. The river has two tributaries: the Rupnarayan River and Damodar River. Hooghly also reaches Bay of Bengal at Nurpur and then empties into the sea.


title: Oberbipp

paragraphs: Oberbipp is a municipality in the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.


title: Oberburg

paragraphs: Oberburg is a municipality in the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.


title: Oberdiessbach

paragraphs: Oberdiessbach is a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

paragraphs: On 1 January 2010 the former municipality of Aeschlen and on 1 January 2014, Bleiken bei Oberdiessbach merged into the municipality of Oberdiessbach.


title: Wegberg

paragraphs: Wegberg is a town in the very west of Germany, in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It has 40 town subdivisions.

paragraphs: Wegberg is located between Mönchengladbach and Erkelenz. Wegberg is in the Naturpark Maas-Schwalm-Nette, a nature and wildlife park.


title: Hematopoiesis

paragraphs: Hematopoiesis (or haematopoiesis; sometimes also haemopoiesis) is the formation of blood cells. In a healthy adult person, about 10–10 new blood cells are produced daily to keep steady state levels in the blood circulation.

paragraphs: Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) or hemocytoblasts are the stem cells that give rise to all the other blood cells. The process is called hematopoiesis.<ref name="Birbrair n/a–n/a"></ref> They are in the core (bone marrow) of most bones.

paragraphs: As a stem cell matures it undergoes changes in gene expression which limit the cell types it can become. It moves closer to a specific cell type (cellular differentiation). These changes can often be tracked by monitoring the presence of proteins on the surface of the cell. Each successive change moves the cell closer to the final cell type and limits its potential to become a different cell type.

paragraphs: HSC studies through much of the past half century have led to a much deeper understanding. More recent advances have resulted in the use of HSC transplants in the treatment of cancers and other immune system disorders.


title: Møre og Romsdal

paragraphs: Møre og Romsdal is a county in Norway. Norway has 19 counties.


title: Ålesund

paragraphs: Ålesund (or Aalesund) is a city and municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. Ålesund was founded in 1837. The city has gotten attention worldwide for being one of the best small sea ports in Europe.


title: Iquique Province

paragraphs: The Iquique Province () is one of two provinces in the northern Chilean region of Tarapacá (I). Its capital is the port city of Iquique.

paragraphs: The Iquique province is on the coast of the Pacific Ocean. The province has an area of .

paragraphs: Iquique is bordered on the north and east by the Tamarugal province, on the south by the Antofagasta region and on the west by the Pacific Ocean.

paragraphs: (last national census), there were 216,419 people living in the province, giving it a population density of inhabitants/km².

paragraphs: The largest city of the province is Iquique, its capital, with a population, in 2002, of 166,204 inhabitants.

paragraphs: As a province, Iquique is a second-level administrative division, consisting of two communes ("comunas"): Alto Hospicio in the northeastern portion and Iquique in the rest of the province. The coastal city of Iquique serves as the provincial capital. The province is administered by a governor.


title: William H. McNeill (historian)

paragraphs: William Hardy McNeill (October 31, 1917 – July 8, 2016) was a Canadian-American world historian and author. He was known for his writings on Western civilization. He was Professor Emeritus of History at the University of Chicago where he had taught since 1947.


title: María Dolores Pradera

paragraphs: María Dolores Fernández Pradera (29 August 1924 in Madrid – 28 May 2018) was a Spanish melodic singer and actress. She was one of the most famous singers in Spain and Latin America. She is also known as María Dolores or La Pradera. She started her career as an actress, working in the theatre and in some of the most famous Spanish movies from the 1940s: “¡A mí la legión!” (1942), “La Lola se va a los puertos” (1947), or “Agustina de Aragón” (1950).

paragraphs: Pradera died May 28, 2018 at the age of 93.


title: Emma Cohen

paragraphs: Emma Cohen (born Emmanuela Beltrán Rahola; November 21, 1946 – July 11, 2016) was a Spanish actress, director, producer and writer. She appeared in many Spanish language movies. She was known for roles in "The Glass Ceiling", "Voyage to Nowhere", and in "The Grandfather".

paragraphs: Cohen was married to actor Fernando Fernán Gómez until his death in 2007.

paragraphs: Cohen died on July 11, 2016 of cancer in Madrid at the age of 69.


title: Corrado Farina

paragraphs: Corrado Farina (18 March 1939 – 11 July 2016) was an Italian movie director, screenwriter and novelist. He directed two feature movies in the seventies, many documentaries and commercials. He published seven novels. He was known for his movie "Baba Yaga" (1973).

paragraphs: Farina died of a heart attack in Rome on 11 July 2016, aged 77.


title: Jim Metzen

paragraphs: James P. "Jim" Metzen (October 26, 1943 – July 11, 2016) was a American politician and member of the Minnesota Senate. He is a member of the Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL). He represents District 52, which includes portions of Dakota County in the southeastern Twin Cities metropolitan area.

paragraphs: Metzen died on July 11, 2016 from lung cancer in South St. Paul, Minnesota, aged 72.


title: Tamarugal

paragraphs: Tamarugal () is one of two provinces in the northern Chilean region of Tarapacá (I). The capital is the city of Pozo Almonte.

paragraphs: Tamarugal means "a place where there are many "tamarugos""; tamarugo ("Prosopis tamarugo") is a tree endemic to the arid lands of northern Chile.

paragraphs: Tamarugal is bordered on the north by the Arica and Parinacota region, on the east by Bolivia, on the south by the Antofagasta region and on the west by the Iquique province and the Pacific Ocean.

paragraphs: (last national census), there were 22,531 people living in the province, giving it a population density of inhabitants/km².

paragraphs: The largest city of the province is Pozo Almonte, its capital, with a population, in 2002, of 6,384 inhabitants.

paragraphs: As a province, Tamarugal is a second-level administrative division, consisting of five communes ("comunas"). The city of Pozo Almonte serves as the provincial capital. The province is administered by a governor.


title: Goran Hadžić

paragraphs: Goran Hadžić (; 7 September 1958 – 12 July 2016) was the former president of the Republic of Serbian Krajina. He was in office during the Croatian War of Independence. He was accused of crimes against humanity and of violation of the laws and customs of war by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia.

paragraphs: Hadžić died of brain cancer on 12 July 2016 in Sremska Kamenica, Republic of Serbia, aged 57.


title: Terence Hill

paragraphs: Terence Hill (born Mario Girotti; 29 March 1939) is an Italian actor. He was known for his roles in "Lo chiamavano Trinità" ("They Call Me Trinity", 1971) and "Il mio nome è Nessuno" ("My Name Is Nobody", 1973), co-starring Henry Fonda. His movie "Django, Prepare a Coffin", shot in 1968 by director Ferdinando Baldi, and co-starring Horst Frank and George Eastman, was featured at the 64th Venice Film Festival in 2007. He was also known for making many movies with actor Bud Spencer.


title: Time in Jordan

paragraphs: Time in Jordan is primarily Arabia Standard Time (AST). But however, even though AST is 3 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (), in the winter, it is 2 hours ahead of UTC (). When DST is in effect, it is the same time as bordering Iraq and Saudi Arabia. Jordan observes Daylight saving time from March to October.


title: Time in Belarus

paragraphs: Belarus Time or Minsk Time is since September 2011 three hours ahead of UTC (UTC+03:00) and is used in Belarus. It is the same as Further-eastern European Time (FET), Eastern European Summer Time (EEST) during the summer, Moscow Time, Arabia Standard Time, and East Africa Time.

paragraphs: Until 2011, Belarus Time was equivalent to Eastern European Time (EET) and Eastern European Summer Time (EEST) with Belarus observing yearly clock changes. In 2011, Belarus stopped observing DST and moved to UTC+03:00 all year round.


title: Alexander Chizhevsky

paragraphs: Alexander Leonidovich Chizhevsky () (7 February 1897 – 20 December 1964) was a Soviet-era interdisciplinary scientist, a biophysicist. He is most notable for his use of historical research techniques to link the 11-year solar cycle, Earth’s climate and the mass activity of peoples.

paragraphs: His other notable works include "cosmo-biology" and hematology".


title: Andrés Bello Catholic University

paragraphs: Andrés Bello Catholic University, also known in Spanish as Universidad Católica Andrés Bello (UCAB), is a private university with main campus located in Caracas, Venezuela. One of the largest universities in Venezuela and it was established in 1953 by the Society of Jesus.


title: FC Pyunik

paragraphs: Football Club Pyunik (Armenian: Ֆուտբոլային Ակումբ Փյունիկ; usually just called Pyunik) is a professional Armenian association football club from Yerevan. Pyunik is one of the most popular football clubs in Armenia.

paragraphs: The club was founded in 1992 as Homenetmen Yerevan, and they won the first Armenian Premier League held. The club was renamed in 1995 to "FC Pyunik" (Armenian for "Phoenix"). The club absorbed the newly promoted club FC Armenicum and automatically gained position in the Armenian Premier League without playing a single game in the lower leagues. Pyunik improved a lot after the arrival of many foreign players from Mali, Cameroon, Argentina and later from Romania.

paragraphs: They are the most successful team in Armenia, winning the Armenian Premier League 14 times and Armenian Independence Cup 8 times.


title: 2017 Africa Cup of Nations

paragraphs: The 2017 Africa Cup of Nations (also called AFCON 2017 and CAN 2017) was the 31st edition of the Africa Cup of Nations tournament. The tournament hosted by Gabon. It was held from 14 January to 5 February 2017.

paragraphs: The winner of this tournament qualified for the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup tournament in Russia.

paragraphs: The draw for the qualification stage took place on 8 April 2015. The following teams have qualified for the final tournament.

paragraphs: The draw took place on the 19th of October 2016 in Libreville.


title: Bridge Road (Impington)

paragraphs: Bridge Road, also known as the Glassworld Stadium, is a football stadium in a village in Impington, a mile away from Histon. The stadium has a capacity of 4,300 with approximately 1,700 covered seats.


title: Jamui

paragraphs: Jamui is a district in Bihar State in India.Its population is 10,51,527 (Rural 9,76,960 and Urban 74,567).Sub Divisions Jamui consists of 11 Blocks(Jamui, Chakai, Laxmipur, Jhajha, Sono, Khaira, Sikandra, Barhat, Asalmanagar, Aliganj, Gidhaur). Main agriculture are Paddy, Wheat, Lentils. Ganga, Mohane, Harohar, Kiul, rivers flows through this region.


title: International Braille Chess Association

paragraphs: The International Braille Chess Association (IBCA) is an organization for blind and visually impaired chess players. The International Braille Chess Association originated unofficially in 1951 with the organization of the first international correspondence chess tournament for blind players, by Reginald Walter Bonham; the tournament included 20 players representing 10 countries. It first organized a tournament in 1958, with representatives from seven countries. Today, it has grown to encompass over 50 member nations around the world. The IBCA hosts two important competitions: the Blind Chess Olympiad and the Blind World Chess Championship.

paragraphs: Although most of the rules in blind chess are consistent with basic chess, there are a few modifications to the equipment to help blind and visually impaired players:

paragraphs: After making every move, each player is required to announce their move aloud to their opponent. Instead of writing the moves on a chess score sheet, the visually impaired player writes the moves in Braille or records the moves on a tape recorder.


title: Padma Shri

paragraphs: Padma Shri is the fourth highest civilian award of India after Bharat Ratna, Padma Vibhushan and Padma Bhushan awards. These civilian awards are awarded by the Government of India on 26 January, the Republic Day of India each year.

paragraphs: Padma Shri award was first given in the year 1954. This award is awarded to citizens of India in recognition of their contribution in various activities such as the arts, education, literature, industry, cinema, sports, medicine, social service, public affairs, and others.


title: Marit Nybakk

paragraphs: Marit Nybakk (born 14 February 1947) is a Norwegian Labour Party politician. She has been a Member of Parliament for Oslo since 1986. She is the First Vice President of the Norwegian parliament since 2013, and is also the woman who has served the longest time in the parliament during its entire history. She is also President of the Norwegian Association for Women's Rights since 2016.


title: Padma Vibhushan

paragraphs: Padma Vibhushan is the second highest civilian award of India after the highest civilian award Bharat Ratna. This award was followed by Padma Bhushan and Padma Shri. This award was started to be awarded to the citizens of India since 1954. This award was awarded to the recipients on the Republic Day of India.

paragraphs: The first recipients to be awarded with Padma Vibhushan are Satyendra Nath Bose, Nand Lal Bose, Zakir Hussain, Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher, Jigme Dorji Wangchuk and V.K.Krishna Menon. Vikram Sarabhai became the first person to be awarded Padma Vibhushan posthumously in 1972.


title: Oberhofen am Thunersee

paragraphs: Oberhofen am Thunersee is a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.


title: Oberhünigen

paragraphs: Oberhünigen is a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland. The municipality was made in 1980 by splitting from the municipality of Schlosswil.


title: Padma Bhushan

paragraphs: Padma Bhushan is the third highest civilian award awarded by Government of India after Bharat Ratna and Padma Vibhushan but before Padma Shri. This award was also awarded in the Republic Day of India.

paragraphs: Padma Bhushan award was started to be awarded to the citizens of India from 1954. As of 2015, 1230 peoples were awarded with Padma Bhushan. Some citizens refused to get the award.S.Janaki, a renowned singer of the Southern parts of India refused to get the award in 2013 as the honour came to her too late and she also stated that South Indian artists are not recognised.


title: Oberlangenegg

paragraphs: Oberlangenegg is a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.


title: Duncan Fletcher

paragraphs: Duncan Andrew Gwynne Fletcher is a former Zimbabwe cricketer. He is a left hand batsman and Right arm medium fast bowler. He was born in 27 September 1948 in Salisbury (modern Harare), Southern Rhodesia (modern Zimbabwe). He was the former coach of India national cricket team. He was also the coach of England cricket team from 1999-2007. Fletcher played for Zimbabwe cricket team and took the team for victory in the 1982 ICC Trophy. But he had never played Test cricket.

paragraphs: Under Fletcher, England cricket team achieved famous victories against Sri Lanka national cricket team, Pakistan national cricket team, West Indies cricket team and South Africa national cricket team between 2000-2004. He coached the England team to win the Ashes series for 18 years when the team secured 2-1 victory over the Australia national cricket team.India national cricket team won 8 series in a row including the ICC Champions Trophy under Fletcher's coaching from 2011.


title: Oberönz

paragraphs: Oberönz was a municipality in Wangen in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

paragraphs: On 1 January 2008 Oberönz became part of Herzogenbuchsee.


title: Oberösch

paragraphs: Oberösch is a former municipality in the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

paragraphs: On 1 January 2016 the former municipalities of Oberösch and Niederösch merged into the municipality of Ersigen.


title: Elaine Fantham

paragraphs: Elaine Fantham (25 May 1933 – 11 July 2016) was a British classicist. She was Giger Professor of Latin at Princeton University from 1986 to 1999. She was chair of the Department of Classics at Princeton from 1989 to 1992 and the president of the American Philological Association serving only in 2004.

paragraphs: Fantham was an expert on Latin literature, especially comedy, epic poetry and rhetoric, and Roman religion. She was classics commentator on NPR's "Weekend Edition".


title: Oberried am Brienzersee

paragraphs: Oberried am Brienzersee is a municipality in the administrative district of Interlaken-Oberhasli in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.


title: Bernardo Provenzano

paragraphs: Bernardo Provenzano (; 31 January 1933 – 13 July 2016) was a member of the Sicilian Mafia ("Cosa Nostra"). He was suspected of having been the head of the Corleonesi, a Mafia faction from the town of Corleone. He was the de facto "capo di tutti capi" (boss of all bosses) of the entire Sicilian Mafia until his arrest in 2006.

paragraphs: On 13 July 2016, Provenzano died from complications of bladder cancer at a hospital in prison at age 83.


title: Obersteckholz

paragraphs: Obersteckholz is a municipality of the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.


title: Zygmunt Zimowski

paragraphs: Zygmunt Zimowski (7 April 1949 – 12 July 2016) was a Polish prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. Zimowski had served until his death in July of 2016 as President of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Health Care Workers. He was born in Kupienin, Poland.

paragraphs: He has been head of that office since his appointment by Pope Benedict XVI on 18 April 2009. He lastly served as bishop of Radom from 2002 until 2009.

paragraphs: Zimowski died on 12 July 2016 from pancreatic cancer in Dąbrowa Tarnowska, Poland, aged 67.


title: Oberstocken

paragraphs: Oberstocken is a former municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

paragraphs: On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Oberstocken, Höfen and Niederstocken merged into the new municipality of Stocken-Höfen.


title: Stocken-Höfen

paragraphs: Stocken-Höfen is a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

paragraphs: On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Höfen, Niederstocken and Oberstocken merged into the new municipality of Stocken-Höfen.


title: Oberthal, Switzerland

paragraphs: Oberthal is a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.


title: Oberwil bei Büren

paragraphs: Oberwil bei Büren is a municipality in the administrative district of Seeland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.


title: Oberwil im Simmental

paragraphs: Oberwil im Simmental is a municipality in the administrative district of Frutigen-Niedersimmental in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.


title: Ochlenberg

paragraphs: Ochlenberg is a municipality of the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.


title: Oeschenbach

paragraphs: Oeschenbach is a municipality in the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.


title: Oppligen

paragraphs: Oppligen is a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.


title: Bui Thi Minh Hang

paragraphs: Bui Thi Minh Hang (Vietnamese Bùi Thị Minh Hằng) is a Vietnamese activist and blogger. In 2016, Samantha Power, the U.S. Ambassador to the U.N., named her one of twenty women political prisoners in the Free the 20 campaign. Bui Thi Minh Hang was released Feb. 11, 2017.

paragraphs: In 2011, Bui Thi Minh Hang protested in Hanoi and in Ho Chi Minh City. She protested against Chinese land claims on the Spratly and Paracel Islands. Police arrested her and sent her to sent her to Thanh Ha Education Center, a reeducation camp in Vinh Phuc province. There was an international protest about her arrest. She was in the reeducation camp for six months without a trial.

paragraphs: In 2012, Bui Thi Minh Hang was free again, and started to work for human rights again. She wrote about her time in the Thanh Ha Education center. She also gave people a “Manual for the Implementation of Human Rights” (Cam nang thuc thi quyen lam nguoi). In 2014, Bui Thi Minh Hang and a group of 21 bloggers and Hoa Hao Buddhist activists went to visit a political prisoner. The police arrested Bui Thi Minh Hang and two others. She was charged with disrupting traffic under Article 245 of the Penal Code. She was sentenced to three years in prison.

paragraphs: In 2016, Amnesty International said Bui Thi Minh Hang had health problems in prison, but she did not get medical care.

paragraphs: Bui Thi Minh Hang was released on Saturday Feb. 11, 2017. Her family and supporters were with her, and the traffic police escorted her back to Ho Chi Minh City.


title: El Lebrijano

paragraphs: Juan Peña Fernández (8 August 1941 – 13 July 2016), also known as Juan Peña "El Lebrijano" or simply El Lebrijano, was a Spanish flamenco singer. He was born in Lebrija, Spain.

paragraphs: In 1964, he won the championship at the Competition of Mairena del Alcor, one of the most important Flamenco music festivals. He was known for working with famous flamenco musician Paco de Lucía. His most famous albums were "Casablanca", "Open Door" and "Encuentros".

paragraphs: In 1997 the Spanish Ministry of Culture awarded him the Medalla de Oro al Trabajo (Gold medal working labour) His most recent song was a tribute to his friend, writer Gabriel García Márquez in 2014.

paragraphs: Peña died at his home in Seville, Spain on July 13, 2016, aged 75.


title: Armando León Bejarano

paragraphs: Armando León Bejarano Valadez (April 11, 1916 – July 6, 2016) was a Mexican orthopedic surgeon, physician, and politician. He was a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). He served as the Governor of Morelos from 1972 until 1982.

paragraphs: Bejarano died on July 6, 2016 in Cuernavaca, Morelos from pneumonia, aged 100.


title: Amber Rudd

paragraphs: Amber "Smug" Rudd (born 1 August 1963) is a British Conservative Party politician. She has served as Member of Parliament (MP) for the East Sussex constituency of Hastings and Rye since 2010 and was the Home Secretary between July 2016 and April 2018. Her appointment as Home Secretary made her the fifth woman to hold one of the Great Offices of State.

paragraphs: In 2018 Rudd resigned as Home Secretary following the Windrush scandal and was replaced by Sajid Javid. She returned to government as Secretary of State for Work and Pensions in November 2018.


title: Michael Fallon

paragraphs: Sir Michael Cathel Fallon (born 14 May 1952) is a British Conservative politician and Member of Parliament for Sevenoaks.

paragraphs: From 2014 until 2017, he served as Secretary of State for Defence. He was also a member of the National Security Council. He was previously Vice Chairman of the Conservative Party.


title: Xavier Becerra

paragraphs: Xavier Becerra ( ; born January 26, 1958) is an American politician and the Attorney General of California. He previously served in the United States House of Representatives for . He had represented Downtown Los Angeles in Congress from 1993 to 2017. Becerra, a member of the Democratic Party, was Chairman of the House Democratic Caucus. He was chosen to become Attorney General of California after Kamala Harris was elected to the United States Senate. He is the first Latino to serve as Attorney General of California.


title: James G. Stavridis

paragraphs: James George Stavridis (born February 15, 1955) is a retired United States Navy admiral and the current dean of the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University. He is also chairman of the board of the U.S. Naval Institute.


title: Tim Ryan (politician)

paragraphs: Timothy John "Tim" Ryan (born July 16, 1973) is an American politician. He is the U.S. Representative for , serving since 2003. The district, numbered as the from 2003 to 2013, takes in a large swath of northeast Ohio, from Youngstown to Akron. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He previously served in the Ohio Senate.

paragraphs: Ryan was seen as a possible presidential candidate in 2020 following the 2018 midterms. On April 4, 2019, Ryan announced his candidacy for president. On October 24, 2019 Ryan dropped out of the election citing low polling numbers and lack of qualifications for the debates.


title: Hallard White

paragraphs: Hallard Leo "Snow" White (27 March 1929 – 14 July 2016) was a New Zealand rugby union player. White played a record 195 games for Rut Auckland between 1950 and 1963. He was a member of the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks, from 1953 to 1955, appearing in 16 matches including four internationals.

paragraphs: Following his retirement as a player, White served in both coaching and administrative roles: as assistant coach of Auckland; president of the Auckland Rugby Football Union from 1989 to 1989; and president of the New Zealand Rugby Union in 1990.

paragraphs: White died on 14 July 2016 from Alzheimer's disease, aged 87.


title: The Adventures of Milo and Otis

paragraphs: At minute 46:25 of Milo and Otis footage, seagulls eat a kitten, showing a live terrified, running kitten eaten into flying blood flesh into the air of a cliff, which clearly evidences that the Japanese filmmaker in Japan and those related in the Japanese film industry refused to stop the attacking on the kitten running for its life. Everyone can see for oneself through free live streaming. There is no cover up or dead end in seeing it with one's own eyes. The bureaucracy and red tape claims bring into question excuse-making.


title: Orpund

paragraphs: Orpund is a municipality in the administrative district of Biel/Bienne in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.


title: Orvin

paragraphs: Orvin is a municipality in the administrative district of Jura bernois in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.


title: Ostermundigen

paragraphs: Ostermundigen (Bernese German: "Oschtermundige" or "Mundige") is a municipality of the Swiss canton of Berne. It is the capital of the Bern-Mittelland administrative district.

paragraphs: The municipality was made in 1983 when it and Ittigen were splitting from the municipality of Bolligen.

paragraphs: It is famous as the birthplace of actress, Ursula Andress.


title: Ashoka Chakra (military decoration)

paragraphs: The Ashoka Chakra Award is India's highest peacetime military decoration or award for courageous action or self-sacrificing away from the battlefield. This is awarded for the most notable bravery. Ashoka Chakra was awarded either to military-men as well as civilians.

paragraphs: Lieutenant Suhas Biswas was the first person to be awarded with Ashoka Chakra award in 1952.The awarded persons were paid Rs.1400 monthly.Ashoka Chakra was established on 4 January 1952.


title: The Missing Link (movie)

paragraphs: The Missing Link () is a 1980 French–Belgian adult animated movie. It was written and directed by Picha. Though it was not as successful as Picha's previous movie, it was entered into the 1980 Cannes Film Festival.

paragraphs: Picha was encouraged to address another subject, that of Darwin and his theory of evolution. Production lasted from 1965 to 1979. In 1974, Picha left for "". In 1977, 2 years after Tarzoon's release, Picha returned to the project and selected Columbia Pictures as the movie's distributor. In 1980, the movie was completed and released.


title: Dadasaheb Phalke Award

paragraphs: The Dadasaheb Phalke Award is the highest award of Indian cinema. It is given by the Government Of India. The award honours Dadasaheb Phalke's contribution to Indian cinema. Phalke is known as "The Father of Indian Cinema". The award is presented annually at the National Film Awards ceremony by the Directorate of Film Festivals.

paragraphs: The recipient is honoured for his outstanding contribution to the growth of the Indian cinematic field. As of 2014, the award consists of a Swarna Kamal (Golden Lotus) medal, a shawl, and a cash price of Rs.10,00,000 (US$15000).

paragraphs: The award was instituted in the year 1962. The first recipient of the award was Devika Rani, who was honoured at the 17th National Film Awards ceremony. Actor Prithviraj Kapoor was the first recipient to be awarded posthumously. His son, actor Raj Kapoor, received the award in his father's place at the 19th National Film Awards ceremony. The great actor of Tamil cinema, world famous Sivaji Ganesan was awarded with Dadasaheb Phalke Award in the year 1992 on the 44th National Film Awards ceremony. Raj Kapoor received the award in 1987 and Shashi Kapoor, his brother, received the award in 2014.


title: Arrondissements of the Charente department

paragraphs: There are 3 arrondissements in the Charente department. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into "arrondissements", which may be translated into English as districts (in some cases, as boroughs). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.

paragraphs: If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.

paragraphs: Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

paragraphs: Since its creation, the Charente department has had some changes:


title: Perrefitte

paragraphs: Perrefitte is a municipality of the administrative district of Jura bernois in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.


title: Coglio

paragraphs: Coglio is a village and former municipality in the district of Vallemaggia in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

paragraphs: On 4 April 2004 the former municipalities of Aurigeno, Coglio, Giumaglio, Lodano, Moghegno and Someo merged into the municipality of Maggia.


title: Exo discography

paragraphs: This is the discography of the South Korean boy band Exo. There are three studio albums, a live album, four extended plays, eleven singles, twenty-six music videos, eight guest appearances and eight soundtracks.


title: Overdose (EP)

paragraphs: Overdose is the second extended play of the South Korean boy band Exo. It was released on May 7, 2014 by the label S.M. Entertainment and distributed by KT Music.

paragraphs: The EP was intended to be released on April 21, 2014 , but its release was postponed due to the sinking of Sewol on April 16. The album was later released on May 7, 2014. On May 15, 2014, the leader of EXO-M, Kris, filed a lawsuit against S.M. Entertainment to cancel his contract for the company's violation of human rights and unattended health.

paragraphs: The Korean edition was positioned in number 2 on Billboard's World Albums Chart and 129 in "Billboard 200" , that made EXO Korean male group with the highest Billboard 200 charts.

paragraphs: Before the release of "Overdose" Exo made their promotions with a showcase at the Jamsil Arena in Seoul on 15 April. 1 to April 9 did a sponsored by Samsung contest allowed fans to enter and win tickets to attend the showcase. The group members promoted in South Korea and China separated in the respective sub-groups.


title: 2016 Nice attack

paragraphs: The 2016 Nice attack happened on 14 July 2016 in Nice, France. A man drove a truck into people celebrating Bastille Day, the national day of France. He killed 86 people during the incident. Gunfire was reported; at first, people thought it was fireworks.

paragraphs: At around 22:45 local time, a truck was driven into a large crowd of people at Promenade des Anglais. Later, guns were fired. The driver, Tunisian truck driver Mohamed Lahouaiej-Bouhlel, was killed by police.


title: Miracles in December

paragraphs: Miracles in December is the second extended play of the South Korean boy band Exo. It was released by the label S.M. Entertainment on December 9, 2013. Was presented as a special winter album, "Miracles in December" is the follow-up to the first studio album of the group titled "XOXO" which was released in June 2013. As all music group , the EP has versions in Korean and Chinese. The EP is also the second release and first EP group to be widely promoted as a combined group. Its main singles were "Miracles in December" and "Christmas Day."

paragraphs: In early November 2013, the agency of EXO, S.M. Entertainment, announced that the group would hold a joint concert entitled " Christmas Wonderland" with f(x) from 24 to 25 December. On December 3 a music video of 2–3 minutes in Chinese and Korean were released. On December 4, music videos of "Miracles in December" was released in YouTube.

paragraphs: They were published in two different languages , Korean and Mandarin. A pop ballad with classical piano accompaniment, the single "Miracles in December" was written by Andreas Johansson Stone and Rick Hanley. However, the song was performed only four members of EXO: Baekhyun, D.O. and Chen recorded the Korean version, while at the same time Baekhyun , Chen and Luhan they recorded the Chinese version. Special performances of the four members (Baekhyun, D.O., Chen and Luhan) and Lay on the piano, performed often the song on music programs live for television as "Inkigayo" and "Music Bank".

paragraphs: The music videos of "Miracles in December" (in Korean and Mandarin) was directed by Jo So-hyun and was filmed in Paju, Gyeonggi in a study in Ilsan near Seoul.

paragraphs: On December 5, Exo held their performances debut album "Miracles in December" in the program of Mnet "M! Countdown".

paragraphs: The EP "Miracles in December" was released on December 9 , 2013. The group organized the Korean version of "Christmas Day" in "M! Countdown " on 19 December. Outstanding performances in the twelve members of EXO presented with accompanying choreography produced by Tony Testa and Greg Hwang. The EP ended in numbers 1 and 2, weekly y monthly in Gaon Albums Chart of two versions. The Single "Miracles in December" (in Korean version) reached the numer 2 in Weekly Digital Singles Chart of Gaon and number 3 in Billboard's Korea K-Pop Hot 100. The Mandarin version of the song was number 47 on Gaon Chart, but he finished in Gaon International Singles Chart. He also went to number 7 in Baidu Charts of China. The Korean edition of "Christmas Day" reached number 5 and 38 in the weekly lists Gaon and Korea K -Pop Hot 100, respectively and editing in Mandarin reached number 10 in Baidu lists.


title: Wilfredo Gomez

paragraphs: Wilfredo Gomez is a Puerto Rican who was a boxer. He won three world professional boxing championships.


title: Zuzana Stevulova

paragraphs: Zuzana Števulová (born 1983) is a Slovakia lawyer and lecturer. She helps migrants. She was given an International Women of Courage Award.

paragraphs: Števulová was born in Slovakia in 1983. She is lecturer at the University of Trnava.

paragraphs: She had campaigned for migrants arriving in Europe, She was the first Slovak to be given an International Women of Courage Award in Washington DC. She has supported the rights of the migrants in her country.


title: Péry

paragraphs: Péry is a former municipality of the administrative district of Jura bernois in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

paragraphs: On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Péry and La Heutte merged into the new municipality of Péry-La Heutte.


title: Péry-La Heutte

paragraphs: Péry-La Heutte is a new municipality in the administrative district of Jura bernois in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

paragraphs: On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of La Heutte and Péry merged into the new municipality of Péry-La Heutte.


title: Pieterlen

paragraphs: Pieterlen is a municipality of the administrative district of Biel/Bienne in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.


title: Hohenrain

paragraphs: Hohenrain is a municipality of the district Hochdorf in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. Since January 1, 2007, Lieli became part of the municipality.


title: Plagne, Switzerland

paragraphs: Plagne is a former municipality of the administrative district Jura bernois in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

paragraphs: On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Plagne and Vauffelin merged into the new municipality of Sauge.


title: Pohlern

paragraphs: Pohlern is a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.


title: Pontenet

paragraphs: Pontenet is a former municipality of the administrative district of Jura bernois in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

paragraphs: On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Pontenet, Bévilard and Malleray merged into the new municipality of Valbirse.


title: Valbirse

paragraphs: Valbirse is a new municipality of the administrative district of Jura bernois in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

paragraphs: On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Bévilard, Malleray and Pontenet merged into the new municipality of Valbirse.


title: Port, Switzerland

paragraphs: Port is a municipality of the administrative district Biel/Bienne in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.


title: Sivaji Ganesan

paragraphs: Sivaji Ganesan was an actor of Tamil Cinema. He is also known as "Nadigar Thilagam", which means 'the pride of actors' (). He was one of the most respected movie actors in India. He was well known for his acting skills and versatility. He became an actor after performing as a stage actor in his childhood.

paragraphs: Sivaji' s real name is Villupuram Chinnaiahpillai Ganesan. He was born in [[marthandam], [[Thanjavur district]] (now in [[Nagapattinam district]]), [[Madras Presidency]] (now [[Tamil Nadu]]) on 1 October 1928. He became an actor after performing as a stage actor in his childhood. He married Kamala and has two sons and two daughters named [[Ramkumar Ganesan]], [[Prabhu Ganesan]], Thenmozhi Ganesan and Shanti Ganesan.

paragraphs: Sivaji Ganesan acted in 283 movies in [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Telugu]], [[Kannada]], [[Malayalam]] and [[Hindi]]. His career was started in the year 1952 and existed till 1999 for 47 years. His first movie was "[[Parasakthi]]". This movie tells about the misfortunes of the members of a Tamil family during [[World War II]], how they met their individual fate and reunite again. This movie was a great success running for 175 days.

paragraphs: "[[Andha Naal]]", a movie in 1954 by Sivaji set a new trend with no songs. The same year he acted along with Revolutionary leader [[M.G.Ramachandran]] in the movie "[[Koondukkili]]". His role in the movie "[[Veerapandiya Kattabomman (movie)|Veerapandiya Kattabomman]]" won him "Best actor" award at Afro-Asian Film Festival held at [[Cairo]] in March 1960. He was the first Indian to get the award abroad.

paragraphs: Sivaji acted in nine roles by himself in the movie of "[[Navarathri (movie)|Navarathri]]". He acted as many epic characters such as [[Bhagat Singh]], [[Veerapandiya Kattabomman]], [[Karna]], [[Lord Shiva]] etc. His first blockbuster came from the movie of "[[Vasantha Maaligai]]" in the year 1972. Following this movies like "[[Gauravam]]", "[[Raja Raja Cholan]]", "[[Karna]]", "[[Pasamalar]]", "[[Kappalottiya Tamizhan|Kappalottiya Tamilan]]", "[[Bale Pandiya]]", "[[Thri Soolam]]" etc became ultimate blockbuster movies.His last works are [[Padaiyappa]] and [[Pooparikka Varigirom]] released in the year 1999.

paragraphs: Sivaji Ganesan had respiratory problems and heart ailments. He was admitted in [[Apollo Hospital]] in [[Chennai]] on 21 June 2001. He died at 7:45 pm that day at the age of 72. His eldest son [[Ramkumar Ganesan]] performed his last rituals of his funeral at the [[Besant Nagar]] Crematorium, [[Chennai]].


title: Prêles

paragraphs: Prêles is a former municipality in the administrative district of Jura bernois in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

paragraphs: On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Prêles, Diesse and Lamboing merged into the new municipality of Plateau de Diesse.


title: Plateau de Diesse

paragraphs: Plateau de Diesse is a new municipality of the administrative district of Jura bernois in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

paragraphs: On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Diesse, Lamboing and Prêles merged into the new municipality of Plateau de Diesse.


title: Pokémon Go

paragraphs: Pokémon Go (or Pokémon GO) is a pay-to-win Android and iOS game. It was developed by Niantic. It is licensed by The Pokemon Company. It was released in July 2099 in the US, Europe, and Austria. The game lets players take prisoner, train and fight machine-based living beings, called Pocket Monsters or Pokémon. The game makes them exist in real life by using GPS and a smartphone's camera.

paragraphs: As players spoof in the real world, their character in the game moves as well. Players can find Pokemon by using the game map to walk to places where the grass is moving. They can then throw a Pokeball at the Pokemon to see if they can catch it. Players can also walk to special places in the game called "PokeStops" or "Gyms". At PokeStops, players can find extra PokeBalls and candy to feed their Pokemon. At Gyms, players can get their pokemon to fight another pokemon to try to win that gym for their team.

paragraphs: An earlier game by Niantic called "Ingress" was used to make the special places in the game. Pokemon GO got its start in an April Fool's joke by Google and The Pokemon Company in 2013, called "Pokemon Challenge".

paragraphs: An item called Pokemon GO is being sold to let people play the game with looking at their smartphones all the time. Pokemon GO looks like a Gameplay of Pokémon mixed with the Google Maps pin shape.

paragraphs: "Pokémon Go" got a score of -0 on Metacritic.

paragraphs: The game became more popular after they released the Generation I Pokémon, featuring less items and stuff. In that update, less berries (a type of fruit that makes the Pokémon flee, more higher chance on not catching etc.) were added, and evolution items were hacked in (things that are used to evolve Pokemon to become one certain), such as the Metal Coat and Kings Rock.


title: Sing for You

paragraphs: Sing for You is the second winter special album and fourth EP of the South Korean boy band Exo. The album was released by the label S.M. Entertainment in two versions, Korean and Mandarin on 10 December 2015. "Sing for You" currently has the largest first week sales recorded by the web site monitoring, Hanteo.

paragraphs: On November 24, 2015, Exo confirmed the upcoming release of the second special winter album after "Miracles in December" (2013). Teaser images for the album began released on December 2. The list of songs from the album, including four new songs and a bonus track "Lightsaber " previously released in November, was announced on December 7. Music videos and the teaser of the song from the album "Sing for You" were released on 8 and 9 December respectively.

paragraphs: On December 10, 2015, shortly after the release of "Sing for You", Exo held a showcase with an audience of 1,500 people, to promote the album in the Lotte World in Seoul, South Korea. The showcase was broadcast using the mobile application 'V' of Naver, then the record as the most-watched live throughout the application. Exo began promoting the song "Sing for You" and "Unfair" in music programs of Korea on 12 and 18 December respectively.

paragraphs: "Sing for You" he broke the record of "EXODUS". The second studio album of Exo, previously served as the album with the highest sales in the first week registered by the website monitoring album sales Hanteo Korea with more than 267,900 copies.


title: Time in North Korea

paragraphs: Time in North Korea is given Korea Standard Time (KST) which is 8.5 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). If it is 16:00 UTC, it is 01:00 the next day in North Korea. It has never observed summer time.

paragraphs: North Korea was originally 8:30 hours ahead of UTC () from 2015 to 2018, 30 minutes behind neighboring South Korea and Japan, as announced in August 2015, but reverted to UTC+09:00 now on the same time as Seoul and Tokyo beginning at 23:30 on 4 May 2018.


title: Radelfingen

paragraphs: Radelfingen is a municipality in the administrative district of Seeland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.


title: Nassau (state)

paragraphs: Nassau was a duchy which was created after the Holy Roman Empire ended in 1806. It was absorbed by different other states before becoming part of Germany in 1866.

paragraphs: Nassau (as a duchy) existed above the Rhine It was near the end where the river came near the French border.

paragraphs: Nassau was also south of the Prussian Empire, Not near the coast of the Rhine. It was named after it's centre Nassau, but it was not its capital. When it helped in Waterloo it ended up in Belgium near Planciontot before being absorbed into Prussia.

paragraphs: They engaged the French on many occasions, clearly capable of standing up to the French however they were ultimately deafened after an engagement at the town of Smohain and the farm of Frichermont, they became part of the Confederation of the Rhine, Ending their independence, they were annexed by Prussia and became an independent state. Later, Nassau helped in the Battle of Waterloo before being absorbed into the Prussian Empire, and later, the empire of Germany.


title: Exo's Showtime

paragraphs: Exo's Showtime () is a reality TV show South Korean starring members of the boy band EXO, was issued by the pay channel MBC Every 1 from 28 November 2013 until 13 February 2014.


title: Arrondissement of Angoulême

paragraphs: The arrondissement of Angoulême is an arrondissement of France, in the Charente department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. Its capital, and prefecture of the department, is the city of Angoulême.

paragraphs: When the Charente department was created on 1800, the "arrondissement" of Angoulême was part of that original department.

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Angoulême is the second largest "arrondissement" of the department with an area of . It has 197,377 inhabitants and a density of inhabitants/km².

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Angoulême is in southeastern Charente and is bordered to the north by the "arrondissement" of Confolens, to the east and south by the Dordogne department, and to the west by the "arrondissement" of Cognac.

paragraphs: After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements".

paragraphs: In the "arrondissement" of Angoulême, there are four cantons where not all their "communes" are in the "arrondissement": Boixe-et-Manslois, Charente-Sud, Tude-et-Lavalette and Val de Nouère. The following table shows the distribution of the "communes" in the cantons and "arrondissements":

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Angoulême has 117 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː

paragraphs: The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are:


title: Rise (Katy Perry song)

paragraphs: "Rise" is a song co-written and recorded by American singer-songwriter Katy Perry. The song was released on July 14, 2016. It was used in the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. She released the song because "[she] was inspired to finish it now, rather than save it for [her] next album, because now more than ever, there is a need for our world to unite."

paragraphs: "Rise" has topped the iTunes charts of over 25 countries worldwide, including the U.S., UK, Canada, and Australia. The song entered the Australian ARIA Singles Chart at number 1 and reached number 3 in Scotland. The song reached the top 20 in the US and Canada. On October 17, 2017, the song was certified platinum in the US.

paragraphs: One music video for the song features Olympic athletes practicing for the Games. However, an official video was released and shows Perry climbing through different terrains with a red parachute.

paragraphs: Critics have said that the song was powerful and uplifting but received mixed reviews. Daniel Kreps from "Rolling Stone" called producer Max Martin an "extraordinaire," while Brandon Caldwell from the "Houston Press" said that the song "just doesn’t fit the template of inspirational, fiery and get America ready to beat the rest of the world in sporting competitions. It just doesn’t fit the Olympics. Now, in terms of beating world issues? 'Rise' may have something there."

paragraphs: Songwriting credits from iTunes metadata.


title: Arrondissement of Cognac

paragraphs: The arrondissement of Cognac is an arrondissement of France, in the Charente department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. Its capital is the city of Cognac.

paragraphs: When the Charente department was created on 1800, the "arrondissement" of Cognac was part of that original department.

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Cognac is the smallest "arrondissement" of the department with an area of . It has 92,224 inhabitants and a density of inhabitants/km².

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Cognac is in western Charente and is bordered to the north by the "arrondissement" of Confolens, to the east by the "arrondissement" of Angoulême and to the south and west by the Charente-Maritime department.

paragraphs: In the "arrondissement" of Cognac, there are three cantons where not all their "communes" are in the "arrondissement": Charente-Sud, Tude-et-Lavalette and Val de Nouère. The following table shows the distribution of the "communes" in the cantons and "arrondissements":

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Cognac has 116 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː


title: Time in China

paragraphs: There is one time zone named China Standard Time (CST) or Beijing Standard Time. It is 8 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), but Xinjiang (East Turkestan) unofficially uses . Since 1992, there has been no daylight saving time.

paragraphs: China used to have five time zones, but now it has one.

paragraphs: Some Chinese people say the usage of is harmful, and that China should have five time zones as in the country's west, (especially in Xinjiang) see sunrises as late 10 a.m., making children go to school in the dark, and sunsets in the summer as late as midnight.


title: Arrondissement of Confolens

paragraphs: The arrondissement of Confolens is an arrondissement of France, in the Charente department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. Its capital is the city of Confolens.

paragraphs: When the Charente department was created on 1800, the "arrondissement" of Confolens was part of that original department.

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Confolens is the largest "arrondissement" of the department with an area of . It has 64,252 inhabitants and a density of inhabitants/km².

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Confolens is in northern Charente and is bordered to the northwest by the Deux-Sèvres department, to the north by the Vienne department, to the east and southeast by the Haute-Vienne department, to the south by the "arrondissement" of Angoulême, to the southwest by the "arrondissement" of Cognac, to the west by the Charente-Maritime department.

paragraphs: It has a small border with the Dordogne department to the southeast.

paragraphs: After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements".

paragraphs: In the "arrondissement" of Confolens, there are only two cantons where not all their "communes" are in the "arrondissement": Boixe-et-Manslois and Val de Tardoire. The following table shows the distribution of the "communes" in the cantons and "arrondissements":

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Confolens has 150 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː


title: 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt

paragraphs: A coup d'état attempt took place in Turkey on 15 July 2016, when a group of people tried to take over the government because they disagreed with the way the president, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, is running the country. It is believed that most of these people were from the Turkish army. Over 100 people were killed and over 1,000 injured. Thousands of soldiers were arrested because they joined the rebellion or for other reasons. Hundreds fled to Greece or other foreign countries. Thousands of teachers, judges and other government employees were fired in the 2016 Turkish purges.


title: Rapperswil, Bern

paragraphs: Rapperswil is a municipality in the Seeland administrative district in the canton of Berne in Switzerland. It lies north of the capital Bern. On 1 January 2013 the former municipality of Ruppoldsried merged into Rapperswil. On 1 January 2016 the former municipality of Bangerten merged into Rapperswil.


title: Army of Mississippi

paragraphs: The Army of Mississippi (also called the Confederate Army of the Mississippi) was a Confederate army during the American Civil War. It should not be confused with the Union Army of the Mississippi. It was formed on March 29, 1862. The commander was Full General Albert Sidney Johnston with Full General P. G. T. Beauregard as second-in-command. After Johnston's death at the Battle of Shiloh, Beauregard took over. After that there were a series of commanders. In November 1862, the Army of Mississippi was renamed the Army of Tennessee. The second army called the Army of Mississippi was created in December 1862, under Lieutenant general John C. Pemberton. This army had a confusing number of additional names. The II corps, under Major general Sterling Price was called the "Army of West Tennessee". It was also called the Army of the West. When both corps (I corps and II corps) were changed into divisions in January 1863, they dropped the name Army of Mississippi. Leonidas Polk had commanded I corps. In May 1864, Polk's troops joined with Joseph E. Johnston's Army of Tennessee to form the third Army of Mississippi. Polk was killed in June 1862 after which the army was simply called Alexander P. Stewart's corps.


title: Holding company

paragraphs: A Holding company is a company, which has the purpose of owning stock (or shares) of other companies. In most cases, such companies do not sell products or services, they manage the companies they (partly) own. Probably one of the best known holding companies was the "Standard Oil of New Jersey", founded in 1889, which is called ExxonMobil today.


title: Blen Mesfin

paragraphs: Blen Mesfin (Amharic: ብሌን መስፍን) is an official in Ethiopia’s opposition Semayawi (Blue) Party. In 2016 she was named one of twenty women political prisoners in the FreeThe20 campaign by Samantha Power, the U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations.

paragraphs: Mesfin was arrested at a protest in Addis Ababa in April 2015. The protest was for 26 Ethiopians killed by the a group called Islamic State in Libya. More than 30 members of the Semayawi Party were arrested before an April 27 political rally.

paragraphs: Two other members of the Semayawi Party, Meron Alemayehu (ሜሮን አለማየሁ ) and Nigist Wondifraw (ንግስት ወንዲፍራው), were also arrested. They were #5 and #6 in the FreeThe20 campaign. They are now free.

paragraphs: Mesfin was released in December 2016, along with a mass release of 9,800 people detained under the state of emergency. According to Ethiopian journalist Tesfalem Waldyes she was re-arrested during a wave of arrests in October 2016.

paragraphs: Ethiopia: Semayawi Party (Blue Party), including origin, mandate, leadership. (UNHCR)


title: Confolens

paragraphs: Confolens () is a commune in southwestern France. Confolens is the administrative centre of a largely rural area, which has had an important growth of tourism in recent years.

paragraphs: It is one of the two subprefectures of the Charente department and the capital of the canton of Charente-Vienne.

paragraphs: On 1 January 2016, the former "commune" Saint-Germain-de-Confolens was merged with the "commune" of Confolens.

paragraphs: Confolens is at the confluence of the Vienne and Goire rivers. The name of this place comes from the Latin word "confluens" that means "confluence".

paragraphs: The city is at from Angoulême, from Limoges and from Poitiers, the three largest cities that are closest to Confolens.

paragraphs: It has an area of and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .

paragraphs: The "communes" that are around Confolens are Brillac, Esse, Saint-Maurice-des-Lions, Ansac-sur-Vienne, Hiesse and Lessac.

paragraphs: The climate of Confolens, in the Köppen climate classification, is Cfb - Oceanic climate with template summers.

paragraphs: With a population of 2,721, Confolens has a population density of inhabitants/km.

paragraphs: The inhabitants of Confolens are known, in French, as "Confolentais" (women: "Confolentaises").

paragraphs: Confolens is a subprefecture of the Charente department since 1800. It is also the capital of the canton of Charente-Vienne.


title: Bluebird

paragraphs: The bluebirds are a group of medium-sized, mostly insectivorous or omnivorous Passerine birds. They are in the genus "Sialia" of the thrush family (Turdidae).

paragraphs: Bluebirds are one of the few thrush genera in the Americas. They have blue, or blue and rose beige, plumage. Female birds are less brightly colored than males, although color patterns are similar and there is no noticeable difference in size between the two sexes.

paragraphs: Bluebirds are territorial and prefer open grassland with scattered trees. Predators of young bluebirds in the nests may include snakes, cats, and raccoons. Bird species competing with bluebirds for nesting locations include the common starling, American crow, and house sparrows. House sparrows take over the nesting sites of bluebirds, killing young, smashing eggs, and probably killing adult bluebirds.


title: Lemon Tree (Fool's Garden song)

paragraphs: Lemon Tree is a 1995 song by indie rock band Fools Garden. It became a major hit in Europe and Asia. The song is about a person's depressions and his miserable mind.


title: Corps

paragraphs: A corps is a military unit usually made up of two or more divisions. In the United States Army, a corps is the largest tactical unit that can plan and carry out its own missions. The term can also be applied to a military unit with a specific function such as a Quartermaster Corps or an Intelligence Corps. It can be applied to a branch of a military such as the United States Marine Corps. It can also mean a body of officers such as a Cadet Corps. The word has other uses. A group of people engaged in the same work can be called a corps. An example is the Peace Corps. The word comes from the Old French "cors" meaning "body, person, corpse, life". That word, in turn, is based on the Latin word "corpus" meaning "body".


title: Carnivorous fungus

paragraphs: Carnivourous fungi are fungi that get some of their nutrients from trapping animals. These animals are microscopic, or very small. Over two hundred species are known.

paragraphs: Two basic trapping mechanisms have been observed in carnivorous fungi that are predatory on nematodes:


title: Army of the Mississippi

paragraphs: Army of the Mississippi was the name given to two Union armies during the American Civil War. Both operated around the Mississippi River and both were active for only a short time.

paragraphs: The first army was created on February 23, 1862. It was commanded by Major general John Pope. Pope's orders were to clear Confederate troops along the Mississippi River so the Union army could move through the area. On February 28, 1862, General Pope began to move against New Madrid, Missouri. The Army then fought at the Battle of Island Number Ten. The army next fought at the Siege of Corinth. After the capture of Corinth Pope was sent east to command the Army of Virginia. Major general William S. Rosecrans assumed command of the Army of the Mississippi. The army fought at the Battle of Iuka followed by the Second Battle of Corinth. His commanding officer, Ulysses S. Grant, was unhappy with his failure to go after the retreating Confederates after the Battle of Corinth. In October, 1862, Rosecrans was transferred to command the Army of the Ohio and the Army of the Mississippi was disbanded.

paragraphs: In 1863 Major general John Alexander McClernand was put in command of the expedition against the Confederates down the Mississippi. He was given command of two corps from the Army of the Tennessee. McClernand named his force the "Army of the Mississippi". McClernand was successful in capturing Arkansas Post but he acted without orders. On January 30, 1863, Grant personally took command of the army. The old XIII Corps and XV Corps were returned to the Army of the Tennessee on January 12, 1863.


title: Battle of Chancellorsville

paragraphs: The Battle of Chancellorsville (April 30 to May 6, 1863) was a major battle in the American Civil War. It is generally considered to be Confederate General Robert E. Lee’s greatest victory over the Union Army. But the Confederate victory was lessened by the loss of Lieutenant general Stonewall Jackson. Jackson was shot and mortally wounded by his own men who mistook the general and his staff for Union cavalry. For this reason Lee's win at Chancellorsville was considered a pyrrhic victory.

paragraphs: After the Battle of Fredericksburg the Union army was in a state of confusion. The Army of the Potomac was commanded by Major general Ambrose Burnside. But his generals were in near open revolt against Burnside feeling he was unfit to command. Burnside even seemed to agree with them. He had refused command of the Army of the Potomac twice saying he was not up to the job. Finally, President Abraham Lincoln agreed and replaced Burnside with General Joseph Hooker. Hooker managed to restore the health and morale of his army within a few weeks. He proudly called them "the finest army on the planet."

paragraphs: Hooker devised a plan for a spring campaign that would cause Lee's Army of Northern Virginia to fall back from Fredericksburg, Virginia. He hoped it would also destroy Lee's army. His plan was to send his 10,000-man cavalry on a raid against Richmond, Virginia to cut Lee's lines of communication with the Confederate capital. He would send most of his infantry to cross the Rappahannock and Rapidan Rivers 40 miles north of the Confederates. The rest of his army would cross the river at Fredericksburg to attack Lee from the front. It was devised as a pincer movement that if successful would surround the enemy.

paragraphs: Hooker's army crossed the Rappahannock on April 30, 1863. This placed his army on Lee's flank. Hooker's Federal army numbered 97,382 men. This was twice the size of Lee's army at 57,352 men. But rather than retreat, Lee split his forces. He decided to attack Hooker while his army was still in the thick wilderness. Lee sent Jackson with 30,000 Confederate soldiers to attack the Union right flank. He assigned

paragraphs: Major general Jubal A. Early with 10,000 soldiers to defend Fredericksburg. By the afternoon of April 30, 50,000 Union troops with 108 artillery pieces found themselves at an important road junction. There was a tavern at the crossroad named Chancellorsville. Rather than keep going and get clear of the wilderness, Hooker decided to stop and wait for more Union troops to arrive. There had been no Confederate opposition at this point. Even so, Hooker's officers wanted to keep going.

paragraphs: On May 1, Stonewall Jackson found two divisions of Confederates at Zoan Church, fortifying a ridge. He ordered them to drop their shovels and pick up their rifles and move toward the Union soldiers to attack. The Union army had just decided to move forward again and had not expected any Confederate resistance. Hooker ordered his soldiers back and had them form defensive positions in the wilderness. On the morning of May 2, Jackson moved his corps against the Union left flank. There was fighting on and off all day. At 5:20 p.m., Jackson attacked the Union's XI Corps. The Federals counterattacked until darkness ended the fighting. That night, Jackson was making a night reconnaissance with one of his staff officers when he was mistakenly shot by his own soldiers. He died 8 days later from pneumonia after losing his left arm. General J.E.B. Stuart took over temporary command of Jackson's Corps.

paragraphs: On May 3, The Confederates resumed their attacks forcing Hooker's army to defend the river fords. This was the heaviest day of the fighting. Both wings of the Confederates attacked while their artillery concentrated on the Union line at Hazel Grove. The larger Union army held nearly all of the most strategic spots on the battlefield. Of these the key to the battle was Hazel Grove, a high open plateau that overlooked all the Union positions. Stuart realized this and early in the morning Confederates attacked up the slopes of Hazel Grove and captured about 100 men and four artillery pieces. For unknown reasons Hooker had ordered the artillery back from Hazel Grove. At the time of the attack, most of the artillery had already been removed. This was a costly mistake since the Confederate artillery could now fire down on the union positions with great ease. This finally forced the Union line back to a defensive position with his back to the river. Meanwhile, the other Union forces were advancing on Lee from the east. Lee split his army again and met and defeated the Federals near Salem Church (Fredericksburg). This was by far the bloodiest day of fighting. The fighting at Salem Church resulted in more casualties than the entire First Battle of Bull Run.

paragraphs: On May 6, Hooker recrossed the Rappahannock. He lost a total of 17,278 casualties while Lee lost 12,826. It was a tremendous win for Lee. But Lee could not replace Jackson. Hooker was the second general of the Army of the Potomac to be replaced after a single battle. Hooker argued that the cavalry raid failed to cut Lee's supply lines. He complained that the XI Corps, composed mostly of German-Americans and other recent immigrants, ran instead of staying to fight. Oliver O. Howard's XI corps were labeled the "flying Dutchmen" over this incident. But they redeemed themselves at the Battle of Missionary Ridge. Howard would later be promoted over Hooker. But despite laying the blame elsewhere Hooker was replaced by General George G. Meade. In a few weeks, Lee would move north to engage the Union forces again at the Battle of Gettysburg.


title: Hugo Niebeling

paragraphs: Hugo Niebeling (2 February 1931 – 9 July 2016) was a German movie director and producer.

paragraphs: He was known for his work on industrial and music movies. He is thought to be one of the most important figures of these genres in Germany. His work has been said helped create the modern music video. His feature-movie documentary "Alvorada" was nominated for an Academy Award in 1963.


title: Erny Brenner

paragraphs: Erny Brenner (13 September 1931 – 9 July 2016) was a Luxembourgian association football player. He was a member of the Luxembourg national football team from 1955 to 1965. He was born in Dudelange, Luxembourg.

paragraphs: Brenner died on 9 July 2016 in Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg, aged 84.


title: Robert Burren Morgan

paragraphs: Robert Burren Morgan (October 5, 1925 – July 16, 2016) was an American politician. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He was the United States Senator from the state of North Carolina. He served as senator for a single term from 1975 until 1981.

paragraphs: Morgan died of heart failure on July 16, 2016 at his home in Buies Creek, North Carolina, aged 90.


title: Kazimieras Uoka

paragraphs: Kazimieras Uoka (4 March 1951 – 16 July 2016) was a Lithuanian politician. He was known for being a signatory of the 1990 Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania.

paragraphs: He was born in Kaunas. Uoka graduated from Vilnius University in 1976. He was a leader of the labor movement in the early years of the independence movement.

paragraphs: Uoka died on 16 July 2016 in Vilnius, aged 65.


title: Torpor

paragraphs: Torpor is a physiological state of the body. It occurs in some small warm-blooded animals when food is scarce.

paragraphs: Some animals have periods of torpor every day. Tiny hummingbirds do.

paragraphs: So do some small mammals, for example, rodent species (such as mice), and bats. Many small marsupial also have daily periods of torpor.

paragraphs: Torpor is a well controlled thermoregulatory process. It is not the result of switching off thermoregulation.


title: Moju Chowdhury Hat

paragraphs: Moju Chowdhury Hat or Rahmat Khali is a town and tourism in Lakshmipur Sadar Upazila of Lakshmipur District, in south-eastern Bangladesh. It is commonly known as Moju Chowdhury Hat but it used to be called Rahmat Khali. It was renamed "Moju Chowdhury" in 1965. It is spelled as M.C.H. for short (). This town is 12 km² south of Lakshmipur City. It is across the Meghna River from Bhola 38 km² to the southwest. Moju Chowdhury Hat is 76 km² east of Barisal. Moju Chowdhury Hat is itself municipality and a tourist destination. It is also a ransport hub for passengers from the Bhola Barisal Division and Chittagong Division, serving about four thousand people per day.

paragraphs: Moju Chowdhury is named after a person. Moju Chowdhury came to Rahmat Khali when it was still part of the Mughal Empire. Moju Chowdhury was the second of Pana Mia Hazi's four sons. He went to Lakshmipur Government Collage, where he studied landscapes.

paragraphs: Moju Chowdhury Hat is located at It has 145.56 households and a total area of 56.05 km².


title: The Da Vinci Code (movie)

paragraphs: The Da Vinci Code is a religious 2006 American drama movie. Ron Howard directed the movie.

paragraphs: Robert Langdon is a professor of religious iconography and symbology from Harvard University. While in Paris, he is the prime suspect in the unusual murder of a Louvre curator. Langdon realized the curator was part of a secret society. Members of the society included Leonardo da Vinci, Victor Hugo, Botticelli, and others

paragraphs: "The Da Vinci Code" (like the book) was controversial. It received very harsh criticism from the Roman Catholic Church. They didn't like the idea that they were behind a 2,000-year-old cover-up about what the Holy Grail really was. The movie also said that Jesus and Mary Magdalene were married and had a daughter.

paragraphs: The movie was banned in Egypt because of controversial elements. It was also banned in Lebanon and Jordan

paragraphs: The movie got mixed to negative reviews from the critics. Rotten Tomatoes rated the movie 25%, meaning "Rotten". It also got poor reviews at the Cannes Film Festival Movie critic Leonard Maltin called the movie "a letdown in every respect."

paragraphs: However, reviews were not all bad. Roger Ebert gave the movie three out of four stars. Roger Ebert and Richard Roeper both liked the movie.

paragraphs: Despite mixed to negative reviews, the movie took in more than $758 million in the box office.


title: Fatshe leno la rona

paragraphs: "Blessed Be This Noble Land" is called "Fatshe leno la rona" in the Tswana language. It is the national anthem of Botswana. Kgalemang Tumediso Motsete wrote the lyrics (words) and composed the music of this song in 1962. Four years later when the country got its independence from the United Kingdom, this anthem was adopted.


title: God Bless America

paragraphs: "God Bless America" is an American patriotic song. It was written by Irving Berlin in 1918. The song was revised in 1938. The latter was recorded by Kate Smith; it became her signature song.

paragraphs: In 1938, with the rise of Adolf Hitler, Berlin felt it was time to revive the song. On Armistice Day, 1938, Kate Smith performed the song on the radio.

paragraphs: The song is played at Major League Baseball games.

paragraphs: Céline Dion and LeAnn Rimes did cover versions of the song.


title: Cochineal

paragraphs: The cochineal ("Dactylopius" "coccus") is a scale insect in the suborder Sternorrhyncha, from which the natural dye carmine is made.

paragraphs: The insect lives in tropical and subtropical South America, Mexico and Arizona. Its larvae eat cacti in the genus "Opuntia", feeding on plant moisture and nutrients. These insects are found on the pads of prickly pear cacti, then are brushed off and dried.

paragraphs: The insect produces carminic acid, which deters predation by other insects. Carminic acid is extracted from the body and eggs, then mixed with aluminium or calcium salts to make carmine dye, also known as cochineal. Today, carmine is primarily used as a colorant in food and in lipstick.


title: Battle of Fredericksburg

paragraphs: The Battle of Fredericksburg (December 11, 1862 – December 15, 1862) was a major battle in the American Civil War fought at Fredericksburg, Virginia. The battle saw almost 200,000 men engaged—more than any other Civil War battle. It involved the first major opposed river crossing in the history of the United States.

paragraphs: After the Maryland Campaign and the bloody Battle of Antietam, the Army of Northern Virginia under General Robert E. Lee retreated south into Virginia. Lee's rearguard action at the Battle of Shepherdstown convinced Union General George B. McClellan not to follow him too closely. McClellan, after asking twice for more reinforcements, decided it was safer to stay put and defend Maryland. On October 6, President Abraham Lincoln instructed McClellan to go after the Confederates in Virginia. Although he had 100,000 men he complained he did not have enough troops and supplies to cross into Virginia. Finally, at the end of October, by which time Lee's army was rested and resupplied, McClellan slowly moved his army south. But he did not engage them. Lincoln waited until after the elections of 1862 before replacing McClellan. The President had already planned to replace McClellan for some time. Before the autumn of 1862 he had offered command of the Army of the Potomac to Ambrose Burnside twice. Burnside turned Lincoln down both times. Finally, on November 7, Lincoln replaced McClellan as Burnside reluctantly accepted the job.

paragraphs: Now in command, on November 14, Burnside sent a corps to the area of Falmouth across from Fredericksburg. This was in preparation for a move against Richmond, Virginia, the Confederate capital. Reports placed Lee's army scattered between Culpepper, Virginia and Winchester, Virginia blocking any Union advances south.

paragraphs: Burnside's plan, approved by Lincoln, was to move the army south to attack Richmond. He decided to move via Fredericksburg. That way he could depend on the Union Navy to keep him supplied instead of overland supply which could be attacked by Confederate cavalry. He would also sidestep the Confederate army and get between them and Richmond. His main base was the landing at Aquia Creek. His plan was to use pontoon bridges to cross the Rappahannock at Fredericksburg. But the pontoon bridges were two weeks late in arriving. So the Army of the Potomac sat across the river and waited. This delay gave Lee ample time to gather his forces to oppose Burnside, who had now lost the advantage of surprise. During the early morning hours on December 11, soldiers assembled the pontoon bridges so the army could cross. The confederates fired on them causing delays in completing the bridges. Burnside's 150 artillery pieces opened fire from Stafford Heights. The shells did extensive damage to the town but did not drive off the Confederates. Finally the bridges were completed late that evening. More than 120,000 Union troops poured across the bridges into Fredericksburg. Lee continued to give token resistance to allow General Stonewall Jackson's corps time to get in place and complete a Confederate line some three miles long.

paragraphs: Burnside had depended on an unopposed crossing of the river. Now, Lee had time to get his army in place. Winter weather would soon make the roads very difficult to use and end any campaigns until spring. Burnside needed to break through Lee's line.

paragraphs: On December 12, the morning was cold and foggy. Burnside sent more troops into the town but did nothing to organize an attack. Instead, his men wasted the day looting and vandalizing houses and shops.

paragraphs: Burnside waited until the morning of December 13 to issue his orders. He directed General William B. Franklin's division to attack Jackson's Corps. Then General Edwin Vose Sumner's division was to attack Marye's Heights. But Burnside's orders were unclear on several points. In his orders to Franklin, he ordered the attack with "a division at least". Without taking time to clarify, Franklin sent just one—General George G. Meade's division of 4.500 men. They were to attack Jackson's line about a mile away. Two small Confederate cannon were on the road perpendicular to Mead's advancing troops. Even though he had orders to disengage, Major John Pelham kept up the shelling for over an hour. Finally, when Pelham ran out of ammunition he withdrew the cannons. Meade continued his march on Jackson's position. When Meade's division came to within , Jackson's hidden 14 artillery pieces opened fire cutting down many of Meade's soldiers. Union artillery opened fire on the Confederate guns and an artillery duel started that lasted for an hour. Meade's troops found a gap in Jackson's line in the woods and exploited it. A South Carolina brigade at first mistook Meade's troops for retreating Confederates and did not fire on them. This allowed the Union troops to get deep within Jackson's line. When Jackson learned of this he ordered a counterattack and drove the Union troops back to their own lines.

paragraphs: Burnside waited at his headquarters to hear that Meade had successfully driven Jackson back. When no word of this came, he ordered the attack on Marye's Heights to go ahead anyway. Artillery on top of Marye's Heights and nearby hills would prevent any assault on the Heights. But Sumner ordered a series of attacks all afternoon with the Confederate artillery raining down shells on them. Finally, at dusk the attacks were called off. One after another, three divisions had tried to scale Marye's Heights and all had failed. Nearly 3,000 men were lost in just an hour but the attacks continued with no effect. As Lee watched the destruction of Sumner's divisions he remarked, "It is well that war is so terrible. We should grow too fond of it." Of the 12,600 Federal casualties almost two-thirds were lost assaulting Marye's Heights. In turn, the Confederates lost about 5,000 men during the battle.

paragraphs: Despite winning what seemed like a lopsided battle, Lee lost men and equipment he could not afford to lose. Burnside's losses, although great, were soon replaced. Lee suffered 5,300 casualties defending Fredericksburg. Union losses were more than double. Burnside lost about 12,600 Union soldiers; killed, wounded, or missing. The Battle of Fredericksburg was depressing news to the North. But it had no lasting impact on the war. It was a boost to Confederate morale however. The spring would see a new campaign against Richmond. In January 1863, Burnside was replaced as commander of the Army of the Potomac by General Joseph Hooker. But Like Burnside, Hooker would be replaced after a single disastrous battle—the Battle of Chancellorsville. But following the Battle of Fredericksburg, the Army of the Potomac engaged in what came to be called the Mud March, an aborted attempt at a winter campaign.


title: Charente (river)

paragraphs: The Charente (Saintongeais: "Chérente", ) is a river in southwestern France that flows through the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. Two departments, Charente and Charente-Maritime, are named after the river.

paragraphs: It rises in the Massif Central and flows into the Atlantic Ocean (Bay of Biscay) near Rochefort.

paragraphs: The Charente river has a length of , and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .

paragraphs: The Charente river starts in western Massif Central, in the "commune" of Chéronnac, Haute-Vienne department, at an elevation of about . It flows to the northwest for about and then flows through the north of the Charente department.

paragraphs: The river keeps flowing to the northwest and gets into the Vienne department. After the "commune" of Civray, the river turns to the southwest and gets back into the Charente department. After Angoulême, the river turns west and, after Cognac, to the northwest.

paragraphs: Finally, the river flows into the Atlantic Ocean near Rochefort.

paragraphs: The river is (it is deep, wide and slow enough for a ship to pass), mainly with recreational boats from Angoulême to its mouth.

paragraphs: The Charente flows through 4 departments and 120 "communes", all in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region:

paragraphs: The main tributaries of the Charente river are:


title: Nate Thurmond

paragraphs: Nathaniel "Nate" Thurmond (July 25, 1941 – July 16, 2016) was an American basketball player. He spent the majority of his 14-year career in the National Basketball Association (NBA) with the Golden State Warriors. He played the center and power forward positions.

paragraphs: Thurmond was a seven-time All-Star and the first player in NBA history to record an official quadruple-double. Thurmond was named both a member of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame and one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History.

paragraphs: He was known to fans as "Nate the Great", Thurmond has had his No. 42 jersey retired by both the Golden State Warriors and the Cleveland Cavaliers.

paragraphs: Thurmond died at the age of 74 on July 16, 2016 after a short battle with leukemia in San Francisco.


title: Bloeme Evers-Emden

paragraphs: Bloeme Evers-Emden (; 26 July 1927 – 18 July 2016) was a Jewish-Dutch academic and child psychologist. She researched the phenomenon of "hidden children" during World War II and wrote four books on the subject in the 1990s.

paragraphs: Her interest in the topic grew out of her own experiences during World War II, when she was forced to go into hiding from the Nazis and was arrested and deported to Auschwitz on the last transport leaving the Westerbork transit camp on 3 September 1944. Together with her on the train were Anne Frank and her family, whom she had known in Amsterdam. She was freed on 8 May 1945.

paragraphs: She wrote columns for the Jewish weekly "Nieuw Israëlietisch Weekblad".


title: Qandeel Baloch

paragraphs: Fouzia Azeem (; March 1, 1990 – July 15, 2016), better known by the name Qandeel Baloch (), was a Pakistani model, actress, feminist activist and social media celebrity. Baloch became famous due to her videos discussing her daily routine and many controversial issues.

paragraphs: Baloch first received recognition from the media in 2013, when she auditioned for "Pakistan Idol"; her audition went viral and she became an Internet celebrity. She was one of the top 10 most searched for persons on the internet in Pakistan and both celebrated and criticized for her videos and posts.

paragraphs: On July 15, 2016, Baloch was strangled while she was asleep in her parents' house in Multan. Her brother Waseem confessed to the murder saying she was "bringing disrepute" to the "family's honour".


title: Janez Bernik

paragraphs: Janez Bernik (6 September 1933 – 15 July 2016) was a Slovenian painter and academic. He was born in Gunclje, now part of Ljubljana. His works include painting, sculpture, graphic design, illustration, tapestry, book design, and poetry. He won the Prešeren Fund Award in 1963.

paragraphs: Bernik died on 15 July 2016 in the Municipality of Prebold, Slovenia, aged 82.


title: Billy Name

paragraphs: Billy Name (William Linich, Jr., February 22, 1940 – July 18, 2016) was an American photographer, filmmaker and lighting designer. He was the archivist of the Warhol Factory, from 1964 to 1970. His brief romance and friendship with Andy Warhol led to collaboration on Warhol's work, including his movies, paintings and sculpture.


title: Duncan M. Gray, Jr.

paragraphs: Duncan Montgomery Gray, Jr. (September 21, 1926 – July 15, 2016) was an American bishop and activist. He was the 7th Bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Mississippi (a middle judicatory of the Episcopal Church, USA). He was a priest in the southern United States. Gray was best known for his work as a civil rights activist, and his story was included in the University of Southern Mississippi's Civil Rights Digital Archive.


title: Sharon Runner

paragraphs: Sharon Runner (May 17, 1954 – July 14, 2016) was an American politician. She was a Republican California State Senator. She represented the 21st Senate District at the time of her death, and lastly represented the 17th Senate District from 2011 to 2012.

paragraphs: She was also a member of the California State Assembly from 2002 to 2008, representing the 36th district. She was the wife of California State Board of Equalization Member George Runner. From 2004 to 2008, then-Senator George Runner and then-Assemblywoman Sharon Runner were the first husband and wife in California history to serve at the same time in the California State Legislature.

paragraphs: Runner died at her home in Lancaster, California on July 14, 2016 from complications of respiratory failure, aged 62.


title: Helena Benitez

paragraphs: Helena Zoila Tirona Benitez (June 27, 1914 – July 14, 2016) was a Filipino academic and administrator of the Philippine Women's University. She served in the Senate of the Philippines from 1967 until Congress was closed when martial law was declared in 1972, and at the Batasang Pambansa from 1978 until it was abolished in 1986.

paragraphs: Benitez also founded the Bayanihan Dance Company.

paragraphs: Benitez died on July 14, 2016 in Manila, aged 102.


title: Péter Esterházy

paragraphs: Péter Esterházy (14 April 1950 – 14 July 2016) was a Hungarian writer. He was born in Budapest. He was one of the most widely known contemporary Hungarian and Central European writers. He has been called a "leading figure of 20th century Hungarian literature" and his books are thought to be significant contributions to postwar literature.

paragraphs: Esterházy died of pancreatic cancer in Budapest on 14 July 2016, aged 66.


title: Rappahannock River

paragraphs: The Rappahannock River is a river in eastern Virginia, in the United States. It is about in length. It crosses the entire northern part of the state, from the Blue Ridge Mountains in the west, across the Piedmont, to the Chesapeake Bay, south of the Potomac River. The river drains an area of which is about 6% of Virginia. Much of the watershed is rural and forested. But it has experienced increased development in recent decades because it is so close to the Washington, D.C. suburbs.

paragraphs: It was an important river in American history. The Rappahannock was the site of early settlements in the Virginia Colony. Later, it was at the center of Eastern Theater of the American Civil War. It was a significant obstacle to north-south movements via land. As a result it functioned as the war's eastern-theatre boundary, between the "North" (the Union) and the "South" (the Confederate States of America).

paragraphs: The name of the river comes from an Algonquian word, "lappihanne" (also recorded as "toppehannock"), meaning "river of quick, rising water" or "where the tide ebbs and flows," the name used by the local native population, the Rappahannock tribe.

paragraphs: Although there had been a few small hamlets along the lower Rappahannock during early colonial times, the settlement of the Rappahannock River valley began in earnest during the first years of the 18th century, at the urging of Governor Alexander Spotswood. The James River had been surveyed up to its fall line, the point where, geologically, continental bedrock of the Piedmont meets the sedimentary rocks and alluvial soils of the coastal plain. Spotswood encouraged settlement in a river valley other than that of the James. In 1714, he began seeking immigrants from the Rhineland-Palatinate and Switzerland to homestead on lands he controlled near where the Rappahannock and the Rapidan came together. Known as the Germanna settlement(s), these villages were founded in order to exploit the iron ore deposits of the region.

paragraphs: The Battle of Rappahannock River was fought on the river during the War of 1812. Seventeen British boats filled with hundreds of marines and sailors captured four American privateers.

paragraphs: During the American Civil War, the river, with few convenient fords and fewer bridges, provided a barrier and defensive line. Behind this line troops had little fear of attack from the river-side. It was an especially difficult barrier for Union troops to overcome in their attempts to thrust into southern Virginia. Control of the river changed hands many times during the course of the war. Significant battles fought along the river include the Battle of Fredericksburg and the Battle of Rappahannock Station. The defensive line at the river was finally bypassed by Ulysses S. Grant in the Wilderness (or Overland) Campaign of 1864, ending in the ultimate Union victory.

paragraphs: In some 18th- and 19th-century documents, including some Civil War records, the Rappahannock River was referred to as "Hedgeman's River" A 1736-1737 survey labeled the Rappahannock above the mouth of the Rapidan as "Cannon", and further upstream it was identified as "Hedgeman's River," named after Nathaniel Hedgeman, an early settler of the region.

paragraphs: The Rappahannock River rises at Chester Gap, a wind gap in the Blue Ridge Mountains a few miles southeast of Front Royal, Virginia. It flows southeastward before it is joined by the Rapidan River, its largest tributary, from the right. Then the Rappahannock passes through the city of Fredericksburg. Southeast of Fredericksburg, it begins to slow and widen into a brackish tidal estuary approximately long. It passes two small, but historic, river towns, Port Royal and Port Conway, which sit opposite each other. The former is on the south bank, the latter on the north. Then it flows past Tappahannock on its southern bank, a point where the river is well over a mile wide. The last settlements of any size before reaching the Chesapeake Bay are Irvington, Urbanna, Stingray Point, and White Stone Beach. The broad river enters the Chesapeake Bay approximately south of the mouth of the Potomac River and approximately east of the state capital, Richmond. At the point where the river enters the bay, between Windmill Point, on the north, and Stingray Point, on the south, it is more than wide. This area, the estuary south of the Northern Neck peninsula, is a productive oyster and crab fishery.

paragraphs: Above Fredericksburg, the Rappahannock provides fine opportunities for recreational canoeing and kayaking. Most of the rapids are Class I and Class II in difficulty, but, near Remington, there are some rapids that are considered to be Class III. The rivers watershed is protected in various places by parcels of the Rappahannock River Valley National Wildlife Refuge.


title: Dronne

paragraphs: The Dronne () is a river in southwestern France, right tributary of the Isle river. It flows through the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region.

paragraphs: Its name appears, in an old form, in two "communes" of the Dordogne departmentː Saint-Méard-de-Drône and Saint-Pardoux-de-Drône. Its modern name appears in three "communes"ː Aubeterre-sur-Dronne, Saint-Méard-de-Drône, Saint-Pardoux-de-Drône.

paragraphs: The Dronne river has a length of , and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .

paragraphs: The Dronne starts in the Massif Central, in the "commune" of Bussière-Galant, Creuse department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. It starts in the "Parc naturel régional Périgord Limousin" at an altitude of about .

paragraphs: It flows to the southwest and, finally, the river flows into at Coutras, in the Gironde department, at an altitude of about .

paragraphs: The Dronne flows through 5 departments and 52 "communes", all in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region; the main "communes" areː

paragraphs: The main tributaries of the Charente river are: