title: Surface water

paragraphs: Surface water is water on the surface of the planet, above the ground. It is the water in rivers, lakes, wetlands and oceans. It is different to groundwater, which is in the soil, and atmospheric water, which is in the sky.

paragraphs: Fresh surface water is added to by precipitation and by taking ground-water from the ground. It is lost through evaporation, where it becomes atmospheric water, or through seepage into the ground, where it becomes ground water. It is also lost through use by plants for transpiration, animals for drinking, or by humans for agriculture, washing and other purposes. Fresh water is also discharged to the ocean, where it becomes salt water.


title: Nature photography

paragraphs: Nature photography is photography of natural things such as landscapes, wildlife, and plants. It can include close-ups of natural scenes and textures. Nature photography tends to put a stronger emphasis on making the photo look good than other forms of photography like photojournalism and documentary photography. Nature photographs are published in scientific, travel and cultural magazines.


title: Tetanurae

paragraphs: Tetanurae (/ˌtɛtəˈnjuːriː/ or "stiff tails") are a clade which includes most theropod dinosaurs, including birds. Tetanurans first appear in the Jurassic. It is a large group of theropod dinosaurs. Jacques Gauthier used the term when he first applied cladistics to vertebrate paleontology.

paragraphs: The term refers to the stiff tail which was held above the ground as a counterweight when the animal walked or ran.

paragraphs: Tetanurae are defined as all theropods more closely related to modern birds than to "Ceratosaurus". Gauthier considered it to consist of Carnosauria and Coelurosauria. Modern birds are the only living representatives of the clade Tetanurae.


title: Fight Club (book)

paragraphs: Fight Club is a novel by Chuck Palahniuk. It was published in 1996 by W. W. Norton & Company. It was well received. The story is about an insomniac and a man named Tyler Durden. They start a fight club as a form of mental therapy. The book was made into a movie of the same name starring Brad Pitt and Edward Norton.


title: St Augustine's Abbey

paragraphs: St Augustine's Abbey was a Benedictine abbey in Canterbury, Kent, England. It is named after Saint Augustine of Canterbury. It was founded during the early introduction of Christianity to the Anglo-Saxons.

paragraphs: The original church was built at the end of the 6th century. It was ordered by King Æthelberht of Kent. Building started in 598.

paragraphs: The ruins of St Augustine's Abbey, together with Canterbury Cathedral and St Martin's Church, were named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1988. As a group, they are buildings which show the development of Christianity in Britain.


title: G-Unit Records

paragraphs: G-Unit Records is a record label started by the musician 50 Cent. It specializes in hip hop and rap music. It was started in 2005 and is part of the Universal Music Group. The company is based in New York City.

paragraphs: It has so far signed artists such as G-Unit, Lloyd Banks and Tony Yayo.


title: Yung Berg

paragraphs: Christian Ward (born September 9, 1986) better known by his stage name Hitmaka (used to be Yung Berg) is a rapper from Chicago. He's best known for the song "Sexy Lady" with Junior. He was featured in the song "Sexy Can I" by Ray J.


title: Heart of a Dog

paragraphs: Heart of a Dog is a novel by Mikhail Bulgakov. It is a biting satire of the "New Soviet man". It was written in 1925 at the height of the NEP period, when Communism seemed to be weakening in the Soviet Union.

paragraphs: Its theme is "the [Communist] revolution's misguided attempt to radically transform mankind". It has elements of fantasy and science fiction, and wit and humour.

paragraphs: The book's publication was at first forbidden in the Soviet Union. It circulated in samizdat until it was officially released in the country in 1987. It is "one of novelist Mikhail Bulgakov's most beloved stories" featuring a stray dog "named Sharik, who takes human form" as a slovenly but self-important New Soviet Man. The dog's internal monologue at the start, grumbling at his life in the city, sets the scene for the novel.

paragraphs: After a terrible day, a stray dog thinks about his bad luck to live on the streets of Moscow. Then, to his surprise, successful surgeon Filip Filippovich Preobrazhensky arrives and offers the dog a piece of sausage. Overjoyed, the dog follows Filip back to his flat, where he is given a stock dog name, Sharik.

paragraphs: At the house, Sharik gets to know Dr. Preobrazhensky's household, which includes Doctor Bormenthal, Professor's student and protegé and two female servants. Despite the Professor's vocal anti-communism, his frequent medical treatment of the Party leaders makes him untouchable. He refuses to reduce the size of his seven-room flat, and treats the Bolsheviks on the housing committee with contempt. Impressed by his new master, Sharik slips easily into the role of "a gentleman's dog".

paragraphs: After Sharik's health improves, the Professor prepares to operate on him. Sharik is dragged by the scruff of the neck into the lab. There, he is sedated and an operation begins. As Bormenthal assists, the Professor gives him a human pituitary gland and human testicles.

paragraphs: During the weeks after the operation, the household is stunned as Sharik begins transforming into an incredibly unkempt human. In the aftermath, the Professor and Bormenthal patiently attempt to teach Sharikov basic etiquette. Instead, Sharikov mocks the idea of manners as relics of Tsarism. He insists that it is better to behave, as he puts it, "naturally". As a result, Sharikov curses in front of women, refuses to shave, and dresses like a slob.

paragraphs: Meanwhile, Sharikov turns the Professor's life into a living hell. He is caught attempting to rape one of the female servants. Enraged, Bormenthal beats Sharikov up and forces him to apologize. Infuriated, Sharikov leaves the apartment and remains gone for several days.

paragraphs: Later, Bormenthal begs the Professor for permission to dose Sharikov with arsenic, calling him a man with "the heart of a dog". The Professor is horrified and orders Bormenthal not to "slander the dog". He explains that the human body parts, which came from a drunk, are responsible for all of Sharikov's defects. Bormenthal then suggests that they redo the operation, using the body of a genius. Again the Professor refuses, explaining that the operation was meant to improve the human race. Breaking with his former beliefs, the Professor admits that any peasant woman could give birth to a genius and that eugenics are a waste of time. In conclusion, the Professor refuses to permit Sharikov's murder or to undo the operation, which could easily kill him as well.

paragraphs: Soon after, Sharikov returns, explaining that he has been granted a job by the Soviet State. He now spends his work-day strangling vagrant cats, whose fur is used to imitate that of squirrels. Soon after Sharikov brings home a female co-worker, whom he introduces to the Professor as his new common law wife.

paragraphs: Instead of giving them their own room, as Sharikov demands, the Professor takes the woman aside and explains that Sharikov is the product of a lab experiment gone horribly wrong. The woman, who had believed that Sharikov was a Red Army veteran wounded during the Russian Civil War, leaves the apartment in tears. Seething with hatred, Sharikov threatens to fire her. Again Bormenthal beats Sharikov up and makes him promise not to do anything of the sort.

paragraphs: The following day, a senior Party official arrives and tells the Professor that Sharikov has denounced him to the secret police, the Cheka. Explaining that nothing is going to happen to him due to the State's distrust of Sharikov, the Party official departs. When Sharikov returns, the Professor and Bormenthal order him to leave the flat permanently. Instead, Sharikov refuses and draws a revolver. Enraged, the Professor and Bormenthal pounce upon him.

paragraphs: That night, an ominous silence reigns in the flat and the lights are left on for many hours after bedtime. Over the days that follow, the Professor and Bormenthal look far more relaxed than at any time before Sharikov's arrival. Eventually, the police arrive with a search warrant. They demand to see Sharikov. Unintimidated, the Professor orders Bormenthal to summon Sharikov, who is slowly being transformed back into a dog. The Professor explains the change as a natural phenomenon, although it is obvious to the reader that in fact he and Bormenthal have simply performed the reverse operation. The police depart.

paragraphs: In the aftermath, the fully canine Sharik blissfully resumes his status as a gentleman's dog. However, he is soon terrified to see the Professor bringing home a human brain and removing the pituitary gland...


title: Through the Looking-Glass

paragraphs: Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There is a children's novel by Lewis Carroll. John Tenniel drew the pictures. The book was published by Macmillan in 1871. It is a sequel to "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland".

paragraphs: The book is a series of dream-like fantasy episodes. The theme which ties them together is Alice's journey as a pawn from the start of a fantasy game of chess until she reaches the eighth rank and becomes a queen.

paragraphs: The story is about the strange world Alice discovers when she passes through a looking-glass (mirror) above a fireplace at home. The setting is a game of chess. Well known characters from the book include Tweedledum and Tweedledee, the Walrus and the Carpenter, the White Knight, and the Garden of Live Flowers.

paragraphs: Alice meets the White Queen, who is very absent-minded but boasts of her ability to remember future events. Alice and the White Queen advance into the chessboard's fifth rank by crossing over a stream together. At the moment of the crossing, the Queen transforms into a talking Sheep in a small shop. Alice soon finds herself struggling to handle the oars of a small rowboat, where the Sheep annoys her with (seemingly) nonsensical shouting about "crabs" and "feathers". Unknown to Alice, these are standard terms in the jargon of rowing. Thus (for a change) the Queen/Sheep was speaking in a perfectly logical and meaningful way.

paragraphs: The book has several famous nonsense poems, such as "Jabberwocky" and "The Walrus and the Carpenter". and many examples of word play such as puns and made-up words.


title: John Tenniel

paragraphs: Sir John Tenniel (28 February 1820 – 25 February 1914) was a British illustrator. He is famous for drawing the pictures in "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" and "Through the Looking-Glass". He was knighted by Queen Victoria in 1893. He was born and died in London.


title: Project for Public Spaces

paragraphs: The Project for Public Spaces (also called PPS) is a non-profit organization dedicated to public participation in planning urban spaces in cities. The organization works in the subjects of architecture, landscape architecture, urban planning, urban design, urban geography, psychology, art, and information management.

paragraphs: The institute was established in 1975 and is located in New York, United States. The organization works in over 2,500 communities in 40 countries around the world.


title: Sylvie and Bruno

paragraphs: Sylvie and Bruno is a novel by Lewis Carroll. It was published in 1889 by Macmillan. Its companion novel Sylvie and Bruno Concluded was published in 1893 by Macmillan. The first volume is set in the real world, but the second volume is set in fairyland. The books were not so well received as the "Alice" books.


paragraphs: The Association of Spanish Language Academies () is the highest institution of the Spanish language. It works in all countries that speak Spanish. It was established in 1951 in Mexico. The Association of Spanish Language Academies is headquartered in Madrid, Spain. It also has 22 other member organizations located in 21 other countries.


title: Académie française

paragraphs: L'Académie française (English: "The French Academy") is France's main authority on the French language. It was created in Paris on 22 February 1635. Like the French Academy of Sciences, it is one of five academies in the Institut de France.


title: The Tale of Squirrel Nutkin

paragraphs: The Tale of Squirrel Nutkin is a picture book written and illustrated by Beatrix Potter. It was published by Frederick Warne & Co. in August 1903. The story is about a squirrel named Nutkin who annoys an owl called Old Brown. The owl grabs the squirrel's tail and pulls it off. Potter's next book was "The Tale of Peter Rabbit".

paragraphs: Squirrel Nutkin's brother Twinkleberry, Nutkin and their many cousins sail to Owl Island. They made a boat of twigs. They offer the owl Old Brown gifts. They ask his permission to collect nuts on his island. Old Brown lets the squirrels pick nuts. Squirrel Nutkin dances and sings silly riddles to the owl, every day. Finally Nutkin makes the Old Brown mad. The owl catches Nutkin. Nutkin escapes, but loses most of his tail. After this he becomes furious when he is asked riddles.


title: The Story of Babar

paragraphs: The Story of Babar () is a French picture book written and illustrated by Jean de Brunhoff. It was published in 1931. It was published in English in 1933. The story is about a little elephant who travels to the civilized world. He brings back to his jungle animal friends what he has discovered to benefit them.


title: Central Hindi Directorate

paragraphs: The Central Hindi Directorate (, Kendriya Hindi Nideshalaya) is the highest authority on the Hindi language. It is based in New Delhi, India. It is organised under India's Ministry of Human Resource Development.


title: Russian Language Institute

paragraphs: The V.V. Vinogradov Russian Language Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences () is the highest authority on the Russian language. It is in Moscow, Russia. It was established in 1944 as a part of the Russian Academy of Sciences.


title: Australian Academy of Science

paragraphs: The Australian Academy of Science is the highest institution for sciences in Australia. It was established in 1954. The academy is based in Canberra in the Shine Dome building beside the Australian National University campus.

paragraphs: The academy is modelled after the Royal Society and operates under a Royal Charter. It is independent from the government. The purpose of the academy is to promote science and science education in Australia.


title: Chinese Academy of Sciences

paragraphs: The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS, formerly: Academia Sinica) is the supreme institution for all the natural science organisations in China. The academy was established in 1949 in Beijing.


title: Jerome

paragraphs: Saint Jerome (  345 – 30 September 420) was a Christian priest, theologian and historian. He lived in the Roman Empire. He is best known for translating the Bible into Latin (the Vulgate). He is recognised as a saint by the Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Lutheran Church, and the Church of England (Anglican Communion).


title: Bell hooks

paragraphs: Gloria Jean Watkins (born September 25, 1952), better known by her pen name bell hooks is an award-winning African-American radical feminist writer and speaker. bell hooks takes her name from her great-grandmother Bell Blair Hooks. Her pen name does not use capital letters because the ideas in her writing are more important than the fact that she wrote them.

paragraphs: She was born in Kentucky and grew up in a working class family. When she was very young, she was in a racially segregated school where she did not learn with white students. Later, she went to a high school that had many white students and teachers. She went to Stanford University, University of Madison-Wisconsin, and University of California, Santa Cruz. In 1976 she started teaching at the University of California.

paragraphs: In 1978 she published a collection of poems called "And There We Wept: Poems". In 1981 she published her first academic book called "Ain't I a Woman? Black Women and Feminism. "In it, hooks talks about the racism and sexism black women face in the civil rights and feminist movements. hooks started writing "Ain't I a Woman? "when she was 19, and it took her 6 years to write and 8 years to find a publisher. Afterwards, hooks became popular and many wanted to hear her ideas. She is considered an important leftist (anti-capitalism) and postmodern political thinker.

paragraphs: In 1984, she wrote a book called "Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center. "The main idea focuses on the idea that feminism is about making women equal to men. hooks says this does not make sense, because men are not equal due to things like racism and classism - the divide between rich and poor. hooks talks about feminism that is more inclusive. hooks asks women to understand they are different but still accept each other. This idea of gender relating to race and class is called intersectionality. hooks also says men must do their part in helping to stop the patriarchy.

paragraphs: hooks has written over 30 books. Her work deals with the idea of a white-supremacist-capitalist-patriarchy. This is the idea that white people rule, capitalism rules, and men rule. By combining them into one term, hooks says they are connected. She also talks about how communities that love are able to overcome these problems.

paragraphs: hooks also thinks education is important, and has written seven books to help educate children. The most popular is "Happy to Be Nappy."

paragraphs: She has been in several documentaries about politics. "Happy to be Nappy" was made into an award-winning documentary in 2004 called" Happy to be Nappy and Other Stories of Me". In" Give a Damn Again" she talks with Cornel West.


title: Great Smoky Mountains National Park

paragraphs: Great Smoky Mountains National Park is a national park in the United States. It is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The park is along the Great Smoky Mountains, which are part of the Blue Ridge Mountains. It is the most visited national park in the United States.

paragraphs: There are many elevations in the park. The lowest place is Abrams Creek at . The highest point is Clingmans Dome at . Sixteen mountains in the park reach higher than 6,000 feet (1829 m).

paragraphs: Park officials say there are more than 200 species of birds, 66 species of mammals, 50 species of fish, 39 species of reptiles, and 43 species of amphibians, including many lungless salamanders. The park has about 1,500 black bear In 2001 elk were brought to the park.

paragraphs: Over 100 species of trees grow in the park. The lower forests are mostly deciduous leafy trees. At higher altitudes, there are more coniferous trees. The park has over 1,400 flowering plant species and over 4,000 species of non-flowering plants.

paragraphs: There are 850 miles (1,368 km) of trails and unpaved roads in the park for hiking. The park also offers backpacking and camping.


title: Magna Graecia

paragraphs: Magna Graecia is a name for coastal areas of Southern Italy on the Gulf of Taranto. This part of Italy had many Greek settlers. Magna Graecia is Latin and means "Great Greece".

paragraphs: The settlers began arriving in the 8th century BC. After the Pyrrhic War in the 3rd century BC the area was added into the Roman Republic.


title: Goody Two-Shoes

paragraphs: The History of Little Goody Two-Shoes is a children's book. It was published in London in 1765 by John Newbery. The story is about a poor orphan girl who has only one shoe. A rich man gives her a pair of shoes. She is then known as Goody Two Shoes. She becomes a teacher and marries a rich widower. The name 'Goody Two Shoes' has come to mean anyone who is virtuous. It is not known who wrote the book. Some say Oliver Goldsmith, some say John Newbery himself.


title: Gloria E. Anzaldúa

paragraphs: Gloria Evangelina Anzaldúa (September 26, 1942 – May 15, 2004) was an award-winning American radical feminist writer. She died from diabetes. Before she died she had been writing a book. She edited "This Bridge Called My Back: Writings By Radical Women of Color" with Cherríe Moraga. Her most well known book is "Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza". She was born in the Rio de Grande valley of south Texas. She was a lesbian. She wrote books for children in English and Spanish. They are illustrated by Consuelo Mendez.

paragraphs: Her work "" was recognized as one of the 38 best books of 1987 by "Library Journal" and 100 Best Books of the Century by both "Hungry Mind Review" and "Utne Reader".

paragraphs: In 2012, she was listed as one of the 31 LGBT history "icons" by the organisers of LGBT History Month.


title: Kalākaua

paragraphs: Kalākaua I (November 16, 1836 - January 20, 1891) was the last king of Hawaii. His full name was David Laamea Kamanakapuu Mahinulani Nalaiaehuokalani Lumialani Kalākaua. He was sometimes called "The Merrie Monarch". He was king from February 12, 1874 until his death on January 20, 1891.

paragraphs: Kalākaua's parents were a high chief and a high chiefess. He had two older siblings and six younger siblings. When he was four, he started school. He became fluent in English and the Hawaiian language. He started studying law at age 16. However, his government positions kept him from completing his legal training. By 1856, Kalākaua was a major on the staff of King Kamehameha IV. He had also led a political organization known as the Young Hawaiians. Kalākaua also served in the Department of the Interior. In 1863, he was appointed postmaster general.

paragraphs: The king before Kalākaua was King Lunalilo. He died on February 3, 1874. Kalākaua was elected to replace him. Kalākaua named his brother, William Pitt Leleiohoku, as his heir.

paragraphs: Kalākaua started his reign with a tour of the Hawaiian islands. This made him more popular. In October 1874, he sent representatives to the United States to negotiate a treaty. In November, Kalākaua went to Washington DC to meet Ulysses S. Grant. An agreement was reached and the treaty was signed on January 30, 1875. The treaty allowed certain Hawaiian goods, mainly sugar and rice, to come into the United States tax-free.

paragraphs: During the early part of Kalākaua's reign, he dismissed many cabinets and appointed new ones. This drew criticism from people who wanted Hawaiian government to be like the United Kingdom's constitutional monarchy. They believed the legislature should control the cabinet ministers rather than the king. This struggle continued throughout Kalākaua's reign.

paragraphs: In 1881, King Kalākaua left Hawaii on a trip around the world. He went to study immigration and to improve foreign relations. He also wanted to study how other rulers ruled. In his absence, his sister and heir, Princess Liliuokalani, ruled as regent. (Prince Leleiohoku, the former heir, had died in 1877.) The King received a royal welcome in San Francisco. In the Empire of Japan, he met with the Meiji Emperor. He continued through Qing Dynasty China, Siam under King Chulalongkorn (Rama V), Burma, British Raj India, Egypt, Italy, Belgium, the German Empire, Austria-Hungary, the French Third Republic, Spain, Portugal, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and back through the United States. During this trip, he met with many other heads of state, including Pope Leo XIII, Umberto I of Italy, Tewfik, Viceroy of Egypt, William II of Germany, Rama V of Siam, President Chester Arthur, and Victoria of the United Kingdom. In this, he became the first king to travel around the world.

paragraphs: Kalākaua also built ʻIolani Palace. It cost $300,000, an amount unheard of at the time. Many of the furnishings in the palace were ordered by Kalākaua while he was in Europe.

paragraphs: Kalākaua decided to build the Kamehameha Statue. It honored Kamehameha I, the first king of the whole Hawaiian Islands. The original statue was lost when the ship carrying it sank near the Falkland Islands. A replacement was ordered and unveiled by the king in 1883. The original statue was later repaired and sent to Hawaii in 1912. A third statue, erected in 1969, is in the United States Capitol. It is the only statue there that commemorates a native Hawaiian.

paragraphs: King Kalākaua is said to have wanted to build a Polynesian Empire. In 1886, the legislature gave the government $30,000 for the formation of a Polynesian confederation. The King sent representatives to Sāmoa. There Malietoa Laupepa agreed to a confederation between the two kingdoms. This confederation did not last very long, because King Kalākaua lost power the next year to the Bayonet Constitution.

paragraphs: By 1887, some people were very frustrated with Kalākaua. They blamed him for the Kingdom's growing debt. They accused him of being a spendthrift. Some foreigners wanted to force him to abdicate and put his sister Liliuokalani onto the throne. Others wanted to end the monarchy altogether and make the islands part of the United States. The people who wanted to be part of the United States formed a group called the Hawaiian League. In 1887, members of the League armed with guns got together. The King was frightened by this show of force. He offered to transfer his powers to the foreign ministers representing the United States, the United Kingdom, or Portugal. The members of the league instead asked him to sign a new constitution.

paragraphs: This new constitution was nicknamed the Bayonet Constitution. It took away much of the King's executive power. It took away the voting rights of most native Hawaiians. The legislature could override a veto by the King. The King was no longer allowed to take action without approval of the cabinet. The House of Nobles, the house of legislature appointed by the King, was to be elected. Non-Hawaiian citizens could now vote. Robert Wilcox led a counter-revolution to give power back to the king, but it failed.

paragraphs: By 1890, the King was ill. Under the advice of his physician, he went to San Francisco. His health continued to get worse. He died on January 20, 1891 at the Palace Hotel in San Francisco. His final words were, "Tell my people I tried."

paragraphs: Kalākaua's remains were sent to Honolulu aboard the American cruiser USS "Charleston". Because he did not have any children, his sister, Liliuokalani, became queen.

paragraphs: King Kalākaua was called "the Merrie Monarch" because he loved the joyful things in life. While he was king, people started to do hula again. (It had been banned by Queen Kaahumanu in 1830.) There is a hula festival named for him, the Merrie Monarch Festival. He also brought back the Hawaiian martial art of Lua, and surfing. He and his brother and sisters were known as the "Royal Fours" for their musical talents. He wrote "Hawaii Ponoi", which is the state song of Hawaii today. Kalākaua strongly supported the ukulele as a Hawaiian instrument.

paragraphs: "Kalākaua Avenue" in Waikiki is named after him. It is the main avenue of Waikiki. It goes from the Ala Wai Canal to Waikiki beach. It continues almost to the Diamond Head crater.


title: Psychological abuse

paragraphs: Psychological abuse may also be called psychological violence, emotional abuse or mental abuse.

paragraphs: It is when a person puts another person under abuse which may result in psychological trauma. The abuse may result in anxiety, chronic depression, or post-traumatic stress disorder. This kind of behaviour is an extreme kind of bullying.

paragraphs: This abuse happens most often when one person has power over another.

paragraphs: It may result in narcissism, depression, anxiety, and other disorders.

paragraphs: The term does not mean physical abuse. The most common thing to happen is verbal abuse. Blaming, shaming, and name calling are signs of verbal abuse which can affect a victim emotionally.


title: Anniversary

paragraphs: An anniversary is a day on which people remember or celebrate an event that happened on the same date in a past year. The most common example is a birthday, where the birth of a person is celebrated every year on the month and day of which they were born. The first "anniversary" of something is celebrated exactly one year after the initial event occurred. The word was first used for Catholic feasts to commemorate saints.

paragraphs: Other examples of common anniversaries are those of weddings and deaths. Having anniversaries for sad incidents can be for remembering someone special, like a famous person that touched many peoples lives or to remember a tragic incident, so that it doesn't happen again. Most countries around the world celebrate national anniversaries. These could be the date of independence of the nation or the adoption of a new constitution, or the coronation of a monarch.

paragraphs: There are different Latin names used for anniversaries depending on the number of years that has passed since the initial event. For example, "biennial" means that two years has passed, "decennial" means that ten years has passed, and "centennial" means that 100 years has passed. For example, many countries have held a big celebration in the 100th anniversary of their country.


title: Arrondissement of Muret

paragraphs: The arrondissement of Muret is an arrondissement of France. It is part of the Haute-Garonne "département" in the Occitanie region. Its capital is the city of Muret.

paragraphs: When the Haute-Garonne department was created in 1790, Muret was one of the districts of the department and, with the creation of "arrondissements" in 1800, the "arrondissement" of Muret was part of that original department, but it was eliminated in 1803 and, in 1806, became again an "arrondissement".

paragraphs: In 1926, the "arrondissement" of Muret was eliminated again but, in 1942, it was made again an "arrondissement".

paragraphs: It is the smallest of the "arrondissements" of the department, with an area of , but it is the second in population with 215,606 inhabitants and a density of inhabitants/km²

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" is bordered to the northeast by the "arrondissement" of Toulouse, to the south by the Ariège (Occitanie) department, to the southwest by the "arrondissement" of Saint-Gaudens and to the northwest by the Gers (Occitanie) department.

paragraphs: After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements".

paragraphs: In the "arrondissement" of Muret, there are three cantons where not all their "communes" are in the "arrondissement": Cazères, Escalquens and Plaisance-du-Touch. The following table shows the distribution of the "communes" in the cantons and "arrondiissements":

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Muret has 126 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes):

paragraphs: The "communes" in the "arrondissement" with more inhabitants are:


title: Menachem Mendel Taub

paragraphs: Menachem Mendel Taub (; 1923 – 28 April 2019) was an Israeli Hasidic rebbe and Holocaust survivor. He brought the Kaliv dynasty with him to Israel. He founded Kiryas Kaliv in Rishon LeZion, before it was moved to Bnei Brak, a city near the Yarkon Park, and finally Jerusalem. He was known for his efforts in remembering Jewish victims of the Holocaust. He wrote the book, "Shema Yisrael: Testimonies of devotion, courage, and self-sacrifice, 1939–1945", a collection of more than 500 first-person accounts of Holocaust survivors.

paragraphs: Taub was born in Marghita is a city in Bihor County, Crișana region, Romania. During World War II, Taub was a prisoner at many concentration camps. While at Auschwitz, he was reportedly experimented on by Josef Mengele. Because of these experiments, Taub could not have children or grow facial hair. He was later taken to Bergen-Belsen concentration camp. After the war, he moved to United States with his wife. The couple later moved to Israel in 1962.

paragraphs: Taub died in Jerusalem on 28 April 2019, at the age of 96.


title: Pecora

paragraphs: Pecora is a family of ruminants. All pecorans, except the families Hydrotopes and Moschus have horns or antlers. "Pecora" comes from Latin meaning "horned lifestock". Some pecorans have horns, but the family Cervidae has antlers.


title: Karl Kroeber

paragraphs: Karl Kroeber (November 24, 1926 – November 8, 2009) was an American literary scholar. He wrote about the English Romantics and American Indian literature. He was the son of Theodora and Alfred L. Kroeber. They were both anthropologists.

paragraphs: He was professor of English and comparative literature at Columbia University. He wrote about literary criticism and its relationship to ecology, traditional literature, and art history.

paragraphs: Kroeber's sister was the science fiction writer Ursula K. Le Guin. His children were Paul Kroeber, a linguist; Arthur Kroeber, a journalist and expert on the Chinese economy; and Katharine Kroeber Wiley, a writer.

paragraphs: Kroeber died of cancer on November 8, 2009. He was 82 years old.


title: TheOdd1sOut

paragraphs: Robert James Rallison (born May 14, 1996), known online as TheOdd1sOut, is an American artist, animator, author, and YouTuber. As of April 2019, his YouTube channel has over 11.3 million subscribers. His second channel (TheOdd2sOut) has over 1.7 million subscribers as of April 2019. He was born in Arizona.

paragraphs: Rallison uploaded the first strip of his webcomic "TheOdd1sOut" on June 14, 2012, on Tumblr and later on iFunny.

paragraphs: His videos about working at Subway, where he calls the food chain as "Sooubway",

paragraphs: Rallison wrote a book titled "The Odd 1s Out: How to Be Cool and Other Things I Definitely Learned from Growing Up", which was released on July 31, 2018.


title: Alaska's Flag

paragraphs: "Alaska's Flag" is the state song of Alaska.

paragraphs: Unique among state songs, its lyrics explain the symbolism of the Alaskan flag. The lyrics are:

paragraphs: Eight stars of gold on a field of blue<br>

paragraphs: The blue of the sea, the evening sky,<br>

paragraphs: The mountain lakes, and the flow'rs nearby;<br>

paragraphs: The gold of the early sourdough's dreams,<br>

paragraphs: The precious gold of the hills and streams;<br>

paragraphs: The brilliant stars in the northern sky,<br>

paragraphs: The "Bear," the "Dipper," and, shining high,<br>

paragraphs: The great North Star with its steady light,<br>


title: 20 July Plot

paragraphs: On 20 July 1944, Claus von Stauffenberg and other conspirators tried to assassinate Adolf Hitler, Führer of Nazi Germany, inside his Wolf's Lair field headquarters near Rastenburg, East Prussia. The name Operation Valkyrie—originally referring to part of the conspiracy—has become related to the plot. The idea behind the assassination was to seize political control of Germany and its armed forces from the Nazi Party (including the SS) and to make peace with the Western Allies as soon as possible.

paragraphs: The plot was a plan by several groups in the German resistance to overthrow the Nazi German government. Claus von Stauffenberg planted a bomb close to Adolf Hitler since he was presented with him in the conference meeting. The bomb failed to kill Hitler since one of the participants unwittingly moved the bomb away from Hitler. The table absorbed much of the blast as a result. The failure of the assassination attempt and the intended military that was to follow led the Gestapo to arrest more than 7,000 people, of whom they executed 4,980.


title: Eric Kent

paragraphs: Daniel Eric Kent (30 June 1919 – 26 April 2019) was an Australian politician. He was a member of the Labor Party. He served as a member of the Victorian Legislative Council from 1970 to 1976 for Gippsland Province. He served another term in the Council for 1979 to 1985 for Chelsea Province. He was born in Areegra, Victoria.

paragraphs: Kent died on 26 April 2019, at the age of 99.


title: Wolf's Lair

paragraphs: Wolf's Lair (German: "Wolfsschanze"; Polish: "Wilczy Szaniec") was Adolf Hitler's first Eastern Front military headquarters in World War II. The complex became one of several Führer Headquarters in parts of Eastern Europe. Organisation Todt built it for the start of Operation "Barbarossa" – the invasion of the Soviet Union – in 1941.


title: Bruce Bickford (animator)

paragraphs: Bruce Bickford (February 11, 1947 – April 28, 2019) was an American animator. He worked notably in clay animation. He is best known for his work with musician and filmmaker Frank Zappa. He worked on animating the Zappa videos "Baby Snakes" (1979), "The Dub Room Special" (1982) and "The Amazing Mr. Bickford" (1987). He was born in Seattle, Washington.

paragraphs: Bickford died after health problems on April 28, 2019, at the age of 72.


title: Sinethemba Jantjie

paragraphs: Sinethemba Jantjie (15 February 1989 – 1 April 2019) was a South African professional footballer. He played as a winger.

paragraphs: Jantjie was from Whittlesea, Eastern Cape. He first played for Mbombela United between 2015 and 2016. He soon signed for PSL club Free State Stars. In his three seasons with the Free State Stars, he scored eight goals in 63 league appearances. At the time of his death, he was set to play for PSL side Bidvest Wits from the 2019–20 season onward.

paragraphs: On 1 April 2019, Jantjie died in a car crash in Bethlehem, Free State. He was 30.


title: Joe Sanberg

paragraphs: Joseph N. Sanberg (born July 12, 1979) is an American entrepreneur and investor. He is the founder of CalEITC4Me, a statewide outreach program in California that helps low-income families claim the state and federal earned income tax credits. He is co-founder of Aspiration, Inc., an online banking and investing firm.

paragraphs: Media outlets said people have been calling on Sanberg to run for president in 2020 on an anti-poverty platform. In early April 2019, Sanberg began traveling to Ohio to test the possibility of a presidential run.


title: Daniel Horlaville

paragraphs: Daniel Horlaville (22 September 1945 – 28 April 2019) was a French footballer. He played as a midfielder.

paragraphs: Horlaville was born in Oissel. At club level, he played for US Quevilly, Paris Saint-Germain, Paris, Rouen and CA Oissel. He also played one game for France against Romania in 1969. He is the only amateur footballer to date to play for the national team since World War II.

paragraphs: Horlaville was the father of professional footballer Christophe Horlaville (born 1969). He died on 28 April 2019, at the age of 73.


title: Zubair Torwali

paragraphs: Zubair Torwali is a famous Pakistani linguist, scholar, author and columnist for Swat Pakistan.

paragraphs: He did a lot of research and study on the languages and cultures of North Pakistan. He was an expert on the culture of Swat and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. He has received the Public Peace Prize in 2016 for his work for the languages of Northern Pakistan.


title: Mia Mottley

paragraphs: Mia Amor Mottley, QC, MP (born 1 October 1965) is a Barbadian politician and attorney who is the current and 8th Prime Minister of Barbados since 25 May 2018 and the leader of the Barbados Labour Party (BLP). She served her first term as leader of the Barbados Labour Party (BLP) form 7 February 2008 to 18 October 2010 and she served her second term as leader of the Barbados Labour Party (BLP) from 26 February 2013 to 25 May 2018. Mottley is the eight person to hold the position and role of Prime Minister of Barbados and the first women to hold either positions and roles of Prime Minister of Barbados and leader of the Barbados Labour Party (BLP).


title: Gersemi

paragraphs: Gersemi is the daughter of Freyja and Óðr in Norse mythology. Gersemi is Hnoss's sister.


title: Ellen Tauscher

paragraphs: Ellen O'Kane Tauscher (November 15, 1951 – April 29, 2019) was an American politician. She was a member of the Democratic Party. She was the U.S. Representative for California's 10th congressional district. She became a congresswoman in 1997 replacing William P. Baker. She resigned in 2009 to work for the State Department. Tauscher was replaced by John Garamendi in the House.

paragraphs: She served as the Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security Affairs from June 2009 until February 2012. She later served as Special Envoy for Strategic Stability and Missile Defense at the State Department until August 31, 2012.

paragraphs: Tauscher was born in Newark, New Jersey. She studied at Seton Hall University. Tauscher had one daughter. She was married to William Tauscher until their divorce in 1999. She was later married to Jim Cieslak from 2009 to 2011.

paragraphs: Tauscher survived esophageal cancer in 2010. She died of pneumonia on April 29, 2019 in Stanford, California, at the age of 67.


title: Anémone

paragraphs: Anne Bourguignon (9 August 1950 – 30 April 2019) was a French actress. She started using her stage name Anémone, after appearing as the title character in her first movie, Philippe Garrel's "Anémone" (1968). Her best known movie roles were in "Santa Claus Is a Stinker" (1982) and "The Grand Highway" (1987). She was nominated for five César Awards. In 1988, for her role as Marcelle in "The Grand Highway", she won the César Award for Best Actress. She was born in Paris.

paragraphs: Anémone died of lung cancer on 30 April 2019 in Poitiers, Vienne. She was 68.


title: Matoug Adam

paragraphs: Matoug Adam (; 1926 – 2 April 2019) was a Libyan politician, civil servant, and poet. He served as his country's Minister of Tourism from January 1968 to June 1969. He then served as Interior Minister from June 1969 to 31 August 1969. He was the last Interior Minister of the Kingdom of Libya, as the royal government was overthrown by Muammar Gaddafi on 1 September 1969. After the coup d'état, Adam was jailed for two years by the Gaddafi government.

paragraphs: Adam died on 2 April 2019, at the age of 93.


title: Andrew County, Missouri

paragraphs: Andrew County is a county in the northwestern U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 17,291. Its county seat is Savannah. The county was created on January 29, 1841 and named for Andrew Jackson Davis, a lawyer and prominent citizen of St. Louis.


title: Converse County, Wyoming

paragraphs: Converse County is a county in the U.S. state of Wyoming. As of the 2010 census, 13,833 people lived there. Its county seat is Douglas. It was created in 1888.


title: Fred McLafferty

paragraphs: Fred Warren McLafferty is an American chemist known for his work in mass spectrometry. He is best known for the McLafferty rearrangement reaction that was observed with mass spectrometry. With Roland Gohlke, he pioneered the technique of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. He is also known for electron capture dissociation, a method of fragmenting gas phase ions.


title: Daniele da Volterra

paragraphs: Daniele Ricciarelli (c. 1509 – 4 April 1566), better known as Daniele da Volterra, was a Mannerist Italian painter and sculptor. He is remembered for his association with the work of Michelangelo . Many of Daniele's most important works were based on designs made for that purpose by Michelangelo. After his death, and following orders of Pope Pius V, Daniele covered the genitals of The Last Judgment with clothing, which earned him the nickname of Il Braghettone


title: Chariot racing

paragraphs: Chariot races were a popular sport in Ancient Greece and Rome. Chariot racing was dangerous to both drivers and horses as they often suffered serious injury and even death, but these dangers added to the excitement and interest for spectators. Chariot races could be watched by women, who were banned from watching many other sports. In the Roman form of chariot racing, teams represented different groups of financial backers and sometimes competed for the services of particularly skilled drivers.


title: Emma Haruka Iwao

paragraphs: Emma Haruka Iwao is a Japanese computer scientist at Google. In 2019 Haruka Iwao calculated the world's most accurate value of pi (π). Her calculation reached 31.4 trillion digits. This was much longer than the past record of 22 trillion digits.

paragraphs: As a child, Iwao became interested in pi. She was inspired by Japanese mathematicians, including Yasumasa Kanada. She studied computer science at the University of Tsukuba. Daisuke Takahashi taught her there. She won the Dean's Award for Excellence in 2008, before starting graduate studies in computing. Her master's dissertation was about high performance computer systems. After graduating, Iwao worked as a software engineer for Panasonic, GREE and Red Hat.

paragraphs: Iwao joined Google as a Cloud Developer Advocate in 2015. She worked for Google in Tokyo and then moved to Seattle in 2019. Iwao does training in how to use the Google Cloud Platform (GCP). She also helps application developers. She works to make cloud computing easier for everyone to use. She makes online demos and teaching materials.

paragraphs: In March 2019 Iwao calculated the value of pi to 31.4 trillion digits, using 170 Terabytes (TB) of data. The calculation used a multithreaded program called y-cruncher. It ran on more than 25 machines for 121 days.


title: Diane Larsen-Freeman

paragraphs: Diane Larsen-Freeman (born 1946) is an American linguist. She is now a Professor Emerita in Education and in Linguistics at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Michigan. She works in Applied linguistics. She studies in second language acquisition, English as a second or foreign language, language teaching methods, teacher education, and English grammar. Her work on the complex/dynamic systems approach to second language development is very important and well-known.

paragraphs: Larsen-Freeman began her career as a Peace Corps volunteer. She taught English in Sabah, Malaysia from 1967 to 1969. She says this experience started her interest in language acquisition. She went on to graduate studies at the University of Michigan, earning her PhD in linguistics in 1975.

paragraphs: Larsen-Freeman worked at the faculty of the University of California, Los Angeles and then the SIT Graduate Institute. In 2002, she returned to the University of Michigan to direct the English Language Institute. She was also Professor in the School of Education and the Department of Linguistics. She retired from the University of Michigan in 2012. She has emerita positions at the English Language Institute and in Education and Linguistics at the University of Michigan, and at the SIT Graduate Institute. She is still active in her field, and teaches courses on the structure of English and second language development as a visiting senior fellow at the University of Pennsylvania Graduate School of Education.

paragraphs: Larsen-Freeman mostly researches second language acquisition. She also studies English grammar. She thinks grammar is not only a set of structural patterns, but also important for making meaning and for changing language to meet a communicative context. She thinks that complexity theory is a new and useful way to understand language, its acquisition, and its use. She sees all three as complex changing processes that do not move neatly in a straight line. She applied this idea to teaching grammar, or “grammaring” as she calls it. The dynamic approach to second language development includes the idea that students each have their own path to learning, and that teaching is fundamentally a process of managing learning.

paragraphs: Larsen-Freeman was also the editor of the journal "Language Learning" for five years.

paragraphs: In 1997, she wrote a leading article applying complex/dynamic systems theory to study second language acquisition. A book of papers in her honor, "Complexity Theory and Language Development", was published in 2017.


title: Thermomicrobia

paragraphs: The Thermomicrobia is a group of thermophilic green non-sulfur bacteria.

paragraphs: The group is based on the type species "Thermomicrobium roseum" and on "Sphaerobacter thermophilus". They are aerobic and chemoorganotrophic (a term which means their metabolism is rather like most fungi).


title: Sunny Garcia

paragraphs: Sunny Garcia (born Vincent Sennen Garcia; January 14, 1970) is a professional surfer.

paragraphs: His top surfing achievement was becoming the ASP WCT World Champion in 2000 but Garcia also holds the record for most WQS event wins, 22, and holds six Triple Crown of Surfing titles. He initially retired in 2005 but is now competing again.

paragraphs: On April 30, 2019, Garcia, who has depression, was hospitalized in intensive care unit at a Portland, Oregon hospital under critical condition after trying to kill himself.


title: B. Subhashan Reddy

paragraphs: B. Subhashan Reddy (2 March 1943 – 1 May 2019) was an Indian judge. He served as Chief Justice of Madras High Court from 2001 to 2004. After this, he served as Chief Justice of Kerala High Court from 2004 to 2005. He became the first chairperson of the Human Rights Commission of Andhra Pradesh in August 2005. He was born in Amberpet, Hyderabad.

paragraphs: Reddy died on 1 May 2019 in Gachibowli, Hyderabad, at the age of 76.


title: S. P. Y. Reddy

paragraphs: S. Pedda Yerikal Reddy (4 June 1950 – 30 April 2019) was an Indian politician. He was a member of the Indian National Congress (INC) before becoming a Telugu Desam Party (TDP) member in 2014. In 2019, he joined Jana Sena Party. He served as a member of the Lok Sabha for the Nandyal constituency from 2004 until his death. He was born in Kadapa district, Andhra Pradesh.

paragraphs: Reddy died of a lung infection on 30 April 2019 in Hyderabad. He was 68.


title: Alejandro Planchart

paragraphs: Alejandro Enrique Planchart (29 July 1935 – 28 April 2019) was a Venezuelan-American musicologist, conductor and composer. He was thought to be one of the leading experts on the music of Guillaume Du Fay. He was also an expert on music of the Middle Ages and early Renaissance. He taught at Yale University and the University of California, Santa Barbara. He was born in Caracas.

paragraphs: Planchart died on 28 April 2019 in Santa Barbara, California. He was 83.


title: Roy Hattersley

paragraphs: Roy Sydney George Hattersley, Baron Hattersley, PC, FRSL (born 28 December 1932) is a British Labour politician, author and journalist. He was born in Sheffield, England. He was MP for Birmingham Sparkbrook for 33 years from 1964 to 1997. He was Deputy Leader of the Labour Party from 1983 to 1992 during the Neil Kinnock leadership.

paragraphs: Hattersley retired from the House of Lords on 19 May 2017.


title: Yves-François Blanchet

paragraphs: Yves-François Blanchet (born April 16, 1965) is a Canadian politician. He is the leader of the Bloc Québécois since January 2019. From 2008 to 2014, he was a member of the Quebec National Assembly.

paragraphs: He was first elected to the National Assembly in the 2008 Quebec general election. He represented the riding of Drummond.


title: Maxime Bernier

paragraphs: Maxime Bernier (born January 18, 1963) is a Canadian businessman, lawyer, and politician. He was a Member of Parliament for the riding of Beauce from 2006 through 2019. He is the founder and current leader of the People's Party of Canada.


title: People's Party of Canada

paragraphs: The People's Party of Canada (PPC; ) is a federal political party in Canada. The party was created by Maxime Bernier, on September 14, 2018, shortly after his resignation from the Conservative party.

paragraphs: The party is conservative, libertarian, populist, classical liberal, and right-wing..

paragraphs: Bernier was the party's only Member of Parliament, having represented the riding of Beauce from 2006 to the 2019 federal election.


title: Blanca Rodríguez

paragraphs: Blanca María Rodríguez de Pérez (January 1, 1926 – August 5, 2020) was a Venezuelan socialite. She was the First Lady of Venezuela from 1974 to 1979 and again from 1989 to 1993. She was the wife of Carlos Andrés Pérez. She was born in Rubio, Venezuela.

paragraphs: Rodríguez died of respiratory failure caused by a pulmonary embolism in Caracas on August 5, 2020 at the age of 94.


title: 2019 UNCC shooting

paragraphs: The 2019 UNCC shooting was a mass shooting that happened at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte at around 5:40 PM EDT on April 30, 2019.

paragraphs: The shooting, which occurred on the last day of classes for the spring semester, sent six people to the hospital, two of whom were dead upon arrival, and three others were in critical condition.

paragraphs: The shooting occurred inside a classroom in the Woodford A. Kennedy Building while students were giving a final presentation. One suspect, Trystan Terrell, was taken into police custody.


title: Louis Rosenblum

paragraphs: Louis (Lou) Rosenblum (15 November 1923 – 4 April 2019) was an American research scientist and activist. His works were about the movement for freedom of Jews of the Soviet Union. He was a founder of the first organization to support the freedom of Soviet Jews. He was a research scientist at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Lewis Research Center.

paragraphs: He was born in Brooklyn, New York. Rosenblum died on 4 April 2019 at his home in Wellesley, Massachusetts at the age of 95.


title: Frederick Hemke

paragraphs: Fred Hemke, DMA "(né" Frederick Leroy Hemke, Jr.; July 11, 1935 – April 17, 2019) was an American classical saxophonist and educator. He was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He was among the leading American composers and helped raise the recognition of classical saxophone. For a half century, from 1962 to 2012, Hemke was a full-time faculty music educator at Northwestern University's Bienen School of Music. Hemke retired from Northwestern University in 2012.

paragraphs: Hemke died on April 17, 2019 in Evanston, Illinois at the age of 83.


title: Martin Kilson

paragraphs: Martin Luther Kilson Jr. (February 14, 1931 – April 24, 2019) was an American political scientist. He was the first black academic to be appointed a full professor at Harvard University, where he was later the Frank G. Thomson Professor of Government from 1988 until his retirement in 1999.

paragraphs: Kilson died on April 24, 2019 in Lexington, Massachusetts at the age of 88.


title: Nils John Nilsson

paragraphs: Nils John Nilsson (February 6, 1933 – April 23, 2019) was an American computer scientist. He was one of the founding researchers in the ideas of artificial intelligence. He was born in Saginaw, Michigan. He was the first Kumagai Professor of Engineering in computer science at Stanford University from 1991 until his retirement. His best known work was Shakey the robot.

paragraphs: Nilsson died on April 23, 2019, at his home in Medford, Oregon, at the age of 86.


title: Shakey the robot

paragraphs: Shakey the Robot was the first general purpose mobile AI robot.

paragraphs: The project combined research in robotics, computer vision, and natural language processing. Because of this, it was the first project that melded logical reasoning and physical action. Shakey was developed at the Artificial Intelligence Center of Stanford Research Institute (now called SRI International) by Nils John Nilsson from 1966 to 1972.


title: Petar Omčikus

paragraphs: Petar Omčikus (; ); October 6, 1926 – April 26, 2019) was a Serbian painter. He was a member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts. He worked in Paris, France. He was born in Sušak, Kingdom of Yugoslavia.

paragraphs: Omčikus died in Belgrade, Serbia on April 26, 2019 at the age of 92.


title: Jo Sullivan Loesser

paragraphs: Elizabeth Josephine "Jo" Sullivan (August 28, 1927 – April 28, 2019) was an American actress and singer. She became a musical theatre star with her best known role in the original production of "The Most Happy Fella". She was nominated for a Tony Award in 1957. Loesser in Mounds, Illinois.

paragraphs: Loesser died on April 28, 2019 at her home in New York City of heart failure at the age of 91.


title: Beth Carvalho

paragraphs: Elizabeth Santos Leal de Carvalho (May 5, 1946 – April 30, 2019), known professionally as Beth Carvalho, was a Brazilian samba singer, guitarist, cavaquinist and composer. She was born in Rio de Janeiro. Her works mainly focused on the indigenous people of Brazil.

paragraphs: Carvalho died of problems caused by a staph infection on April 30, 2019 in Rio at the age of 72.


title: Luis Maldonado Venegas

paragraphs: Luis Maldonado Venegas (November 19, 1956 – April 30, 2019) was a Mexican politician and lawyer. He was born in Mexico City. Maldonado was a member of the Party of the Democratic Revolution. He was a federal deputy representing Mexico City and the fourth electoral region in the LXIII Legislature of the Mexican Congress from 2015 to 2018. Maldonado also was the national president of the Convergencia political party.

paragraphs: Maldonado died in Mexico City on April 30, 2019 from problems caused by surgery at the age of 62.


title: English Landing Park

paragraphs: English Landing Park is along the Missouri River in Parkville, Missouri, United States. It has a jogging/biking trail, several shelters for picnics, a soccer field, a baseball diamond, volleyball courts, 2 playgrounds. A 9-hole Frisbee golf course has also been added. There is also a set of train tracks that runs along the park.

paragraphs: The area of English Landing Park was bought in 1838. The park later became a civil war port for the slave trade. The Power Plant Restaurant, which sits right next to the railroad tracks at the entrance to the park, was built in the mid-19th century as a coal-fired twin-boiler power plant that fed the entire city.

paragraphs: The city was founded by Colonel Park in 1844 and by 1850 he had built warehouses and a large stone hotel. In 1853 he established one of Platte County's earliest newspapers.

paragraphs: Parkville did not become a Civil War battlefield, but there was still mass genocide as numerous slaves tried desperately to escape across the river into Free Kansas. These slaves were buried in three large unmarked cemeteries. After the Civil War, the port was abandoned and the area slowly changed from a bustling city to what is Parkville.

paragraphs: The park includes the historic Bridge, built 1898 which spanned Linn Branch Creek.

paragraphs: During the Great Flood of 1993, the park and most of Downtown Parkville were submerged under more than 15 feet of water.

paragraphs: On May 4, 2003, English Landing Park narrowly missed an EF1 tornado that came across the river and cut damage paralleling the railroad tracks before crossing 9 Highway.

paragraphs: In May 2007, the Missouri River flooded the entire park with less than 3 feet of water. The river receded approximately a week later. Also in 2007, the Power Plant Restaurant's neglected smokestack had to be torn down, eradicating an icon of the city's past.

paragraphs: On March 17, 2019, The river flooded up over English Landing Park all the way to the train tracks before retreating a few days later. No buildings were damaged but playground equipment and structures at the dog park were damaged and lost. Also, the main bridge that goes over the Linn branch creek collapsed.


title: Eldon Bargewell

paragraphs: Major General Eldon A. Bargewell (August 13, 1947 – April 29, 2019) was an American army general. He was Commander of Delta Force from 1996 to 1998. Bargewell was born in Hoquiam, Washington. He served in the Vietnam War, Gulf War, Operation Just Cause, Operation Acid Gambit and in War in Afghanistan.

paragraphs: Bargewell was killed after his lawnmower crushed him on April 29, 2019 at his home in Eufaula, Alabama at the age of 71.


title: Hoquiam, Washington

paragraphs: Hoquiam ( ) is a city in Grays Harbor County, Washington, United States. The population was 8,726 at the 2010 Census. Its name comes from a Native-American word meaning "hungry for wood".


title: Dinko Dermendzhiev

paragraphs: Dinko Tsvetkov Dermendzhiev (; 2 June 1941 – 1 May 2019) was a Bulgarian football player and manager.

paragraphs: Dermendzhiev played his all of his club career for Botev Plovdiv. He played as a forward between 1959 and 1978. He also played for Bulgaria from 1962 to 1977. He played for his country 58 times, scoring 19 goals. He was in the squad for Bulgaria at three FIFA World Cups (1962, 1966 and 1970).

paragraphs: Dermendzhiev later became a football manager. He was in charge of Botev Plovdiv, Levski Sofia, Lokomotiv Plovdiv, as well as many other teams. He last managed in 2001.

paragraphs: Dermendzhiev died of problems caused by a stroke on 1 May 2019. He was 77.


title: Watford City, North Dakota

paragraphs: Watford City is a city in North Dakota, United States. As of the 2017 census, 6,523 people lived there. It is the county seat of McKenzie County.


title: Caroline Bittencourt

paragraphs: Caroline Bittencourt (13 December 1981 – 28 April 2019) was a Brazilian model and television presenter. In 1997, she started her modelling career at the age of 15. She lived in Italy for a time and worked for fashion houses such as Valentino and Roberto Cavalli. She later worked on television for RedeTV!, as a reporter for the "Top Report" program, and on RecordTV's "Hoje em Dia". She was born in São Paulo.

paragraphs: On 28 April 2019, Bittencourt died by drowning during a boat trip off the coast of Ilhabela, São Paulo state. She was 37.


title: Luciano Comaschi

paragraphs: Luciano Comaschi (3 July 1931 – 30 April 2019) was an Italian football and manager. He played as a full back. He played for Brescia and Napoli. He also played for Italy at youth international level. He was born in Montichiari.

paragraphs: Comaschi died in Rome on 30 April 2019, at the age of 87.


title: Scotts Corner, California

paragraphs: Scotts Corner is a unincorporated community in Alameda County, California. It is 79 meters above sea level. It is on Interstate route 680, about 1.65 kilometers southeast of Sunol.


title: Taylor Hawkins

paragraphs: Oliver Taylor Hawkins (born February 17, 1972) is an American musician, best known as the drummer of the rock band Foo Fighters.

paragraphs: Prior to joining the band in 1997, he was the touring drummer for Alanis Morissette as well as the drummer in a progressive experimental band called Sylvia. In 2004, Hawkins formed his own side project, Taylor Hawkins and the Coattail Riders, in which he plays drums and sings. He was voted "Best Rock Drummer" in 2005 by the UK drumming magazine "Rhythm".


title: Cultural Materialism

paragraphs: Cultural Materialism is a way to understand why and how societies change. It grew in popularity by Marvin Harris in 1968 through his book The Rise of Anthropological Theory. It brings together many different ideas such as Marxism, cultural evolution, and cultural ecology.

paragraphs: In order to understand societies as a cultural materialist, you need to first divide up societies into three parts: infrastructure, structure, and superstructure.

paragraphs: Infrastructure provides the footing for the following parts, providing basic needs for the society.

paragraphs: Structure, is the well being of a society’s political, social, economic organizations.

paragraphs: Superstructure is the way ideas are used within symbols in a society.


title: Dresser, California

paragraphs: Dresser is a unincorporated community in Alameda County, California. It is in Niles Canyon, along State Route 84. It is 32 meters above sea level. California Pressed Brick Company was in Dresser. Now the factory is ruins.


title: Japanese Canadians

paragraphs: Japanese Canadians are Canadian citizens of Japanese ancestry.


title: Sweet but Psycho

paragraphs: "Sweet but Psycho" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Ava Max. It was released on August 17, 2018. Max wrote the song with Madison Love, William Lobban Bean, Andreas Andersen Haukeland, and its producer, Cirkut (known for his work with artists like Katy Perry).

paragraphs: The song has been successful worldwide, reaching number one in the UK, Switzerland, Norway, Finland, and Germany and the top ten in the US.


title: Australian Canadians

paragraphs: Australian Canadians are Canadian citizens of Australian descent or Australian-born people who resides in Canada.


title: Portuguese Canadians

paragraphs: Portuguese Canadians are Canadian citizens of Portuguese ancestry.


title: Black Canadians

paragraphs: Black Canadians is a designation used for people of full or partial Sub-Saharan African, who are citizens or permanent residents in Canada.


title: Gliese 832c

paragraphs: Gliese 832c is a extrasolar planet that goes around the red dwarf Gliese 832. It is found about 16 light years from Earth in the Grus constellation. It has 5.2 times the mass of Earth, and has a radius of 1.5 times Earth's radius. The planet is thought to be on the hot edge habitable zone: the part of the habitable zone closest to the star.

paragraphs: Gliese 832c is thought to lie in the habitable zone, which is the zone around a star where water can be liquid. However, it may not be hospitable to life as we know it. While it gets about as much sunlight as Earth does, the planet is probably tidally locked, This means that one side of the planet is always facing the star. This would mean that the day side of the planet is extremely hot, while the dark side is cold. Between the day and night zones, life might be able to exist.


title: Jamaican Canadians

paragraphs: Jamaican Canadians are Canadian citizens of Jamaican descent or Jamaican-born permanent residents of Canada.


title: American Canadians

paragraphs: American Canadians are Canadian citizens of American descent, or Canadians who identify to some extend with American society.


title: Howie Hawkins 2020 presidential campaign

paragraphs: The 2020 presidential campaign of Howie Hawkins, both the co-founder of the Green Party and its three time gubernatorial candidate of New York, was informally launched on April 3, 2019. Hawkins announced the formation of an exploratory committee to seek the Green Party nomination for the presidency of the United States in the 2020 presidential election.

paragraphs: On May 28, 2019, Hawkins officially announced his campaign's launch. In June 2020, he became the presumptive nominee for the Green Party nomination.


title: Dario Hunter 2020 presidential campaign

paragraphs: On January 21, 2019, rabbi and member of the Youngstown, Ohio Board of Education, Dario Hunter announced the formation of an exploratory committee to run for the Green Party nomination in the 2020 United States presidential election.

paragraphs: On February 18, 2019, Hunter officially announced he would be running for president. Hunter is currently the only Green elected officeholder in the State of Ohio and the only candidate in the Green Party presidential primary to hold elected office.

paragraphs: In June 2020, he lost the nomination to Howie Hawkins.


title: Adam Kokesh 2020 presidential campaign

paragraphs: The 2020 presidential campaign of Adam Kokesh was announced on July 18, 2013, making Kokesh the first Libertarian to enter in the race for the 2020 United States presidential election.

paragraphs: The Fall 2017 "Taxation Is Theft" national tour was a preparation period where Kokesh championed his voluntaryist platform of "Nobody for President!"

paragraphs: On January 16, 2018 Kokesh officially filed the papers for his presidential campaign. Later the same day, he was pulled over by Texas police twice, and was arrested the second time. Kokesh was released on January 25.


title: John McAfee 2020 presidential campaign

paragraphs: The 2020 presidential campaign of John McAfee, anti-virus software pioneer and cryptocurrency investor, was formally launched on June 3, 2018.

paragraphs: McAfee announced on June 3, 2018 via Twitter that he would run for President of the United States again in 2020, either with the Libertarian Party or under a party of his own creation. McAfee insisted that he did not want to be president, and that his primary goal in running for office was to raise awareness of Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies.

paragraphs: On January 3, 2019, McAfee revealed on Twitter that he had not paid federal income taxes for eight years, claiming that the income tax was illegal. On January 22, McAfee announced via Twitter that he would be continuing his campaign "in exile", following reports that he, his wife, and four of his campaign staff were being indicted for tax-related felonies by the IRS.

paragraphs: McAfee said that he was in "international waters", and had tweeted that he was on his way to Venezuela.


title: Arvi Parbo

paragraphs: Sir Arvi Hillar Parbo (10 February 1926 – 1 May 2019) was an Estonian-born Australian business executive. He was the chairman of three of Australia's largest companies at the same time. Parbo was born in Tallinn, Estonia.

paragraphs: Parbo joined Western Mining Corporation in 1956 and over the next 12 years held the positions of Underground Surveyor, Underground Manager, Technical Assistant to the Managing Director, and Deputy General Superintendent. He was appointed General Manager in 1968 and became a Director in 1970. In 1974, Parbo was appointed Chairman and Managing Director of Western Mining Corporation.

paragraphs: Parbo died in Melbourne on 1 May 2019, aged 93.


title: Steve Bullock 2020 presidential campaign

paragraphs: The 2020 presidential campaign of Steve Bullock, the Governor of Montana, began on May 14, 2019.

paragraphs: In 2017, Steve Bullock formed the Big Sky Values PAC to help him travel. On May 1, 2019 it was reported that he would announce his decision on a possible run for the 2020 Democratic presidential nomination in the week of May 13 and that he had had already hired an Iowa communications staff. On May 14, 2019, Bullock announced his candidacy.

paragraphs: He ended his campaign on December 2, 2019.


title: Dunaden

paragraphs: Dunaden (2006 – 30 April 2019) was a Thoroughbred racehorse. He was trained in France. In his 46 races, he won 10 and was placed in the top three 19 times. He won the 2011 Melbourne Cup, ridden by French jockey Christophe Lemaire and trained by Mikel Delzangles.

paragraphs: Other major wins by Dunaden include Prix de Barbeville (2011), Geelong Cup (2011), Hong Kong Vase (2011) and Caulfield Cup (2012).

paragraphs: Dunaden was retired in 2015. On 30 April 2019, he died after a paddock accident at Overbury Stud in England.


title: Alexis Ohanian

paragraphs: Alexis Kerry Ohanian (born April 24, 1983) is an American Internet entrepreneur and investor. He is best known as the co-founder and executive chairman of the social news website Reddit.


title: Qaem Shahr

paragraphs: Qaem Shahr (; also known as Qā’em Shahr) is a city in Iran. It is the capital of Qaem Shahr County in the Mazandaran Province. The city had a population of 204,953 people in 2016.

paragraphs: Before the Iranian revolution, the city was known as Shāhi (or Ŝâhi).


title: Cuban Canadians

paragraphs: Cuban Canadians are Canadian citizens of Cuban descent or a Cuba-born person who resides in Canada.


title: Micha Lindenstrauss

paragraphs: Micha Lindenstrauss (; 28 June 1937 – 2 May 2019) was a German-born Israeli judge. He was born in Berlin, but moved to Israel before World War II. Lindenstrauss was the State Comptroller between 2005 and 2012. In the Israel Defense Forces, he was a military prosecutor, and later, as a judge in a military tribunal.

paragraphs: Lindenstrauss died on 2 May 2019 at the age of 82.


title: Filipino Americans

paragraphs: Filipino Americans are people with Filipino ethnicity who are citizens, nationals, or residents of the United States.


title: Master Hirannaiah

paragraphs: Hirannaiah or Hirannayya known by his stage name Master Hirannaiah (15 February 1934 – 2 May 2019) was an Indian movie actor. His best known roles include "...Re" (2016), "Care of Footpath 2" (2015) and "No. 73, Shanthi Nivasa" (2007). He was mainly a theatre actor. He was born in Mysore, Karnataka.

paragraphs: Hurannaiah died on 2 May 2019 at a hospital in Bengaluru, Karnataka of problems caused by liver disease, aged 85.


title: Italian Canadians

paragraphs: Italian Canadians comprise Canadians who have full or partial Italian heritage and Italians who migrated from Italy or reside in Canada.


title: Su Yu-chang

paragraphs: Su Yu-chang (; – ) was a Chinese martial artist, scholar and physician. He spent his life teaching Kung Fu, traditional Chinese philosophy and medicine all over the world. He was born in Dongshan, Taiwan.

paragraphs: Su died at a hospital in La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain on 29 April 2019, aged 78.


title: Alessandra Panaro

paragraphs: Alessandra Panaro (14 December 1939 – 1 May 2019) was an Italian movie actress active from late 1950s and early 1960s. She was born in Rome. Her best known role was in Dino Risi's comedy "Poveri ma belli" in 1959 and Luchino Visconti's crime drama "Rocco e i suoi fratelli" in 1960.

paragraphs: Panaro died at a hospital in Geneva, Switzerland on 1 May 2019, aged 79.


title: German Canadians

paragraphs: German Canadians are Canadian citizens of ethnic German ancestry.


title: Dino Risi

paragraphs: Dino Risi (23 December 1917 – 7 June 2008) was an Italian movie director. He was thought to have been the greatest comedic movie director in Italy.

paragraphs: His best known works were "Poor, But Handsome (Poveri ma belli)", followed by two sequels, which he also directed; "A Difficult Life (Una vita difficile"); "The Easy Life (Il sorpasso)"; "Opiate '67" or, in a cut version, "15 From Rome (I Mostri)"; and "Scent Of A Woman (Profumo di Donna)".


title: Marisa Allasio

paragraphs: Countess Marisa Allasio (born Maria Luisa Lucia Allasio; 14 July 1934) is a retired Italian actress. She appeared in nearly 20 movies between 1952 and 1957. She was born in Turin, Piedmont. She retired from acting in 1957 after marrying Count Pier Francesco Calvi di Bergolo. Allasio was known for her lead role in Dino Risi's comedy "Poveri ma belli" in 1957.


title: American Jews

paragraphs: American Jews, or Jewish Americans, are Americans who were Jews, whether by religion, ethnicity or nationally.


title: Rafael Hernández Colón

paragraphs: Rafael Hernández Colón (October 24, 1936 – May 2, 2019) was a Puerto Rican politician. He was the Governor of Puerto Rico from 1973 to 1977 and again from 1985 to 1993 for a total of three terms.

paragraphs: Hernández Colón was diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia in December 2018. He died on May 2, 2019 in Old San Juan, Puerto Rico of the disease at the age of 82.


title: Governor of Puerto Rico

paragraphs: The Governor of Puerto Rico () is the head of government of Puerto Rico. It is the executive branch of the government of the island. He is also the commander-in-chief of the island's military forces, the Puerto Rico National Guard.

paragraphs: Since 1949, the governor has been elected by the people of Puerto Rico. Before that date, the governor was appointed either by the King of Spain (1510-1898) or by the President of the United States (1898-1946).


title: Michel Crauste

paragraphs: Michel Crauste (July 6, 1934 – May 2, 2019) was a French international rugby union player. He played as a flanker and Number 8 for Racing Club de France and FC Lourdes. He was born in Saint-Laurent-de-Gosse, France.

paragraphs: Crauste died on May 2, 2019 at the age of 84.


title: Johan August Arfwedson

paragraphs: Johan August Arfwedson was a Swedish chemist born January 12th 1792 to a wealthy merchant family. He was home schooled as a child, and at the age of 14 he started studding law and mining sciences at the university of Uppsala, Sweden.

paragraphs: In Stockholm, Arfwedson knew the chemist Jöns Jakob Berzelius and received access to his private laboratory, where he discovered the element lithium in 1817, during analysis of the mineral petalite. The actual isolation of lithium metal would be done by others, lithium is a very dangerous alkali metal since it is very flammable and reactive and stored it in natural oil. It is a soft silvery metal. Under standard conditions it is the lightest metal and the lightest solid element.


title: Scandinavian Canadian

paragraphs: Scandinavian Canadians are Canadian citizens with ancestral roots in Scandinavia. They generally include:


title: Swedish Canadians

paragraphs: Swedish Canadians are Canadian citizens of Swedish ancestry or Swedes who emigrated to and reside in Canada.


title: Norwegian Canadians

paragraphs: Norwegian Canadians are Canadian citizens who identify themselves as being of full or partial Norwegian ancestry, or emigrated from Norway or reside in Canada.


title: Czech Canadians

paragraphs: Czech Canadians are Canadian citizens of Czech ancestry or Czech Republic-born people who reside in Canada.


title: Swiss Canadian

paragraphs: Swiss Canadians are Canadian citizens of Swiss ancestry or people who emigrated from Switzerland and reside in Canada.


title: Campbell County, Wyoming

paragraphs: Campbell County is a county in the U.S. state of Wyoming. As of the 2010 United States Census, 46,133 people lived there that makes it the third-most populous county in Wyoming. Its county seat is Gillette.


title: God Save Our Solomon Islands

paragraphs: "God Save Our Solomon Islands" is the national anthem of the Solomon Islands. It has been the anthem since the country's independence from the United Kingdom in 1978. The lyrics (words) were written by Matila Balekana and her husband Panapasa Balekana, who also composed the music.


title: Sebastopol, California

paragraphs: Sebastopol is a town in Sonoma County, California. At the 2010 census, 3,379 people lived there. The first people lived here in the 1850s, and it became a true city in 1902.


title: Mars Orbiter Mission

paragraphs: The Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) is a space probe that has been orbiting Mars since 24 September 2014. It was launched on 5 November 2013 by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). It is India's first interplanetary mission. India is both the first Asian nation to reach Mars orbit and the first nation to reach Mars on its first try. Another name for the probe is Mangalyaan.

paragraphs: The main goal of the mission is to develop the technologies needed for interplanetary missions. The other goal is to explore Mars' surface, rocks, and atmosphere. Scientists want to know how much CO and methane is in the atmosphere of Mars. They also want to know how the solar wind and radiation affect Mars. Scientists also want to learn more about Mars's moons, Phobos and Deimos.


title: Zadie Smith

paragraphs: Zadie Smith FRSL (born 25 October 1975) is a contemporary English novelist, essayist, and short-story writer. Her first novel was called"White Teeth". It immediately became a best-seller and won awards. Her most recent book is "Feel Free" (2018). It is a collection of essays. She has been a tenured professor in the Creative Writing faculty of New York University since September 2010.

paragraphs: Smith was born Sadie Smith in Willesden in the north-west London borough of Brent. Her mother was Yvonne Bailey and her father was Harvey Smith. Bailey is Jamaican and Smith is English At the age of 14, she changed her name to Zadie.

paragraphs: Smith's mother grew up in Jamaica, and emigrated to England in 1969. Smith's parents divorced when she was a teenager. She has a half-sister, a half-brother, and two younger brothers (one is the rapper and stand-up comedian Doc Brown, and the other is the rapper Luc Skyz). As a child, Smith liked tap dancing. As a teenager, she considered a career in musical theatre. When she was a university student, Smith earned money as a jazz singer. She also wanted to become a journalist. Despite earlier ambitions, literature became her main interest.

paragraphs: Smith attended the local state schools, Malorees Junior School and Hampstead Comprehensive School. She then studied English literature atKing's College, Cambridge. She did not leave Cambridge with a double First. She got a Third on her Part Ones.

paragraphs: The popular British comedy double act Mitchell and Webb may have rejected Smith from the Cambridge Footlights in the 1990s.

paragraphs: At Cambridge, Smith published a number of short stories in a collection of new student writing called "The Mays Anthology". A publisher liked the stories and offered her a contract for her first novel. Smith contacted a literary agent, and A. P. Watt represented her. Smith returned to guest-edit the anthology in 2001.

paragraphs: Smith's first novel "White Teeth" was introduced to the publishing world in 1997, before it was completed. Publishers saw part of the manuscript and an auction for the rights started. Hamish Hamilton won. Smith completed "White Teeth" during her final year at Cambridge. It was published in 2000. The novel immediately became a best-seller. It was praised internationally and won awards, including: the James Tait Black Memorial Prize, and the Betty Trask Award. The novel was adapted for television in 2002. Smith was writer-in-residence at the ICA in London and later published, as editor, an anthology of sex writing, "Piece of Flesh", as the main work of this job.

paragraphs: In interviews, Smith reported that all the attention around her first novel had caused her to suffer briefly from writer's block. But, her second novel, "The Autograph Man", was published in 2002 and was a commercial success. Critics did not like it as much as "White Teeth".

paragraphs: After the publication of "The Autograph Man", Smith visited the United States as a Fellow of the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University.

paragraphs: Smith's third novel, "On Beauty", was published in September 2005. The story happens mostly in and around Greater Boston. It received better reviews than "The Autograph Man": it was shortlisted for the Man Booker Prize, and won the 2006 Orange Prize for Fiction and the Anisfield-Wolf Book Award.

paragraphs: Also in 2005, Smith published "Martha and Hanwell". This book combines two short stories about two troubled characters. The stories had been published first in "Granta" and "The New Yorker". Penguin published "Martha and Hanwell" with a new introduction by the author as part of their pocket series to celebrate their 70th birthday. The first story, "Martha, Martha", is about Smith's familiar themes of race and postcolonial identity. "Hanwell in Hell" is about a man in trouble trying to understand the death of his wife. In December 2008 she guest-edited the BBC Radio 4 "Today" programme.

paragraphs: After teaching fiction at Columbia University School of the Arts, Smith joined New York University as a tenured professor of fiction in 2010.

paragraphs: Smith's novel "NW" was published in 2012. The story happens in the Kilburn area of north-west London. So, the title comes from the local postcode, NW6. "NW" was shortlisted for the Royal Society of Literature's Ondaatje Prize and the Women's Prize for Fiction. "NW" was made into a BBC television film directed by Saul Dibb and adapted by Rachel Bennette. Starring Nikki Amuka-Bird and Phoebe Fox, it was broadcast on BBC Two on 14 November 2016.

paragraphs: Smith's fifth novel, "Swing Time", was published in November 2016. It was long-listed for the Man Booker Prize 2017.

paragraphs: Between March and October 2011, Smith was the monthly New Books reviewer for "Harper's Magazine". She often writes for "The New York Review of Books". In 2010, "The Guardian" newspaper asked Smith for her "10 rules for writing fiction".

paragraphs: Smith met Nick Laird at Cambridge University. They married in 2004 in the Chapel of King's College, Cambridge. Smith dedicated "On Beauty" to "my dear Laird". She also uses his name in "White Teeth": "An' all the good-lookin' men, all the "rides" like your man Nicky Laird, they're all dead."

paragraphs: The couple lived in Rome, Italy, from November 2006 to 2007. They now live in New York City and Queen's Park, London. They have two children, Katherine (Kit) and Harvey (Hal).

paragraphs: She was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 2002. In a 2004 In a BBC poll, cultural researchers named Smith in the top twenty most influential people in British culture.

paragraphs: In 2003, she was included on "Granta's" list of 20 best young authors, and was also included in the 2013 list. She joined New York University's Creative Writing Program as a tenured professor on 1 September 2010. Smith has won the Orange Prize for Fiction. and the Anisfield-Wolf Book Award in 2006 Her novel "White Teeth" was included in "Time" magazine's list of the 100 best English-language novels from 1923 to 2005.


title: Red Kelly

paragraphs: Leonard Patrick "Red" Kelly (July 9, 1927 – May 2, 2019) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player and coach. He played for the Detroit Red Wings and the Toronto Maple Leafs. He played in the National Hockey League (NHL) between 1947 and 1967, as a defenceman and centre. He played on more Stanley Cup-winning teams (eight) than any other player who never played for the Montreal Canadiens. Jean Beliveau (10) and Henri Richard (11) won more with the Canadiens. He also served as a Liberal member of parliament for York West from 1962 to 1965. During his time in office, he was a Toronto Maple Leafs player. In 2001, he was made a Member of the Order of Canada. In 2017, Kelly was named one of the "100 Greatest NHL Players" in history.

paragraphs: Kelly was born in Simcoe, Ontario. He married his wife Andra Carol McLaughlin in 1959. He died on May 2, 2019 in Toronto, at the age of 91.


title: Viggo Fossum

paragraphs: Viggo Fossum (4 December 1949 – 23 April 2019) was a Norwegian politician. He was a member of the Labour Party. He served as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway for Troms 2009 to 2013. He also served as mayor of Målselv from 2003 to 2011. Outside of politics, he was a school principal.

paragraphs: Fossum died on 23 April 2019, at the age of 69.


title: Radha Krishn

paragraphs: Radha krishn is an Indian mythological TV serial on Star Bharat. The show is produced by Siddharth Kumar Tewary.


title: Songbird (Oasis song)

paragraphs: "Songbird" is a song by English rock band Oasis, from their fifth studio album Heathen Chemistry, and is the first single by Oasis written by vocalist Liam Gallagher.

paragraphs: Liam has said of the song: "I like beautiful things . . . It's not all dark in Liam World. I take me shades off every now and again and have a look at the world and see some nice things." Noel Gallagher stated jokingly in an interview with Patrick Kielty that Liam decided to "write a song about his bird", and states the title "Song . . . bird" in a cave man like manner. The song was written as a tribute to then-fiancée Nicole Appleton. "Songbird" was composed in the key of G major using common time at 132 beats per minute.

paragraphs: “Songbird blew my head off when I first heard it because it was that f--king simple and that direct. But when Liam plays you a song he wants you to instantly f--king drop dead on the spot and then, when you come around, stab yourself in the heart and be in awe of the f--king sonic ability of the man.”

paragraphs: The song was released as the fourth single from the band's Heathen Chemistry album, on 3 February 2003 and peaked at number 3 in the UK charts. It is included on the band's compilation album Stop the Clocks. Being written by lead singer Liam Gallagher, it was the first time the band had released a single not written by his brother Noel. "(You've Got) The Heart of the Star" and "Columbia" are B-sides, the latter of which was recorded live at the Glasgow Barrowlands, in October 2001.

paragraphs: The demo of the song is a typical Oasis approach to the song, featuring overdriven guitar and a stronger beat, as well as a guitar solo. Courtney Love has said that she and Liam played a version with her whistling and Gallagher playing guitar and singing, this was noted in the book Kurt and Courtney: Talking. Gallagher played the song for UK Radio Aid in January 2005.


title: Scott W. Sloan

paragraphs: Scott William Sloan (2 July 1954 – 23 April 2019) was an Australian civil engineer and academic. He was noted for his work in the fields of geotechnical engineering and computational geomechanics. He was Professor of Civil Engineering at the University of Newcastle. In July 2015, he was named as a Fellow of the Royal Society. In January 2018, Sloan was made an Officer of the Order of Australia. He was born in Mildura, Victoria.

paragraphs: Sloan died on 23 April 2019, at the age of 64.


title: RadhaKrishn

paragraphs: Radhakrishn is Indian mythological television series. It is produced by Siddharth Kumar Tiwari, Rahul Kumar Tiwari and Gayatri Gill Tiwari. Which is produced by under his own production banner Swastik Productions and is directed by Rahul Tiwari. It is broadcast on Star Bharat from 1 October 2018.


title: Marble, Minnesota

paragraphs: Marble is a city in Itasca County, Minnesota, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 701.


title: Chris Reccardi

paragraphs: Christopher Reccardi (November 24, 1964 – May 2, 2019) was an American cartoon director, animator, storyboard artist and writer. He is best known for his work on "The Ren & Stimpy Show". He also worked on many other animated series including "The Powerpuff Girls", "Chowder", "SpongeBob SquarePants", "The Modifyers", "Samurai Jack", "Tiny Toon Adventures", "Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go!", "Regular Show", "Secret Mountain Fort Awesome" and "The Marvelous Misadventures of Flapjack".

paragraphs: Reccardi was born in New York City. He married his wife, Canadian animator Lynne Naylor, in 1994. He died of a heart attack in Ventura, California on May 2, 2019. He was 54.


title: Roseville, California

paragraphs: Roseville is a city in Placer County, California, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 118,788.


title: Kenny Loggins

paragraphs: Kenneth Clark Loggins (born January 7, 1948) is an American singer-songwriter and guitarist. He first became well-known in the 1970s as one half of the rock-pop duo Loggins and Messina with Jim Messina. In the 1980s, Loggins became known for his songs, many of which were hits, for movie soundtracks. He famously sung "Danger Zone" (peaked at #2 in the U.S.) and "Playing with the Boys" from "Top Gun" (1986) and "Footloose" (#1 in the U.S., Australia, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa) and "I'm Free (Heaven Helps the Man)" from "Footloose" (1984). For "Footloose", he was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song. He also performed the songs "I'm Alright" (peaked at #7 in the U.S.), "Mr. Night" and "Lead the Way" from "Caddyshack" (1980), and "Meet Me Half Way" from "Over the Top" (1987).

paragraphs: Loggins wrote the song "What a Fool Believes" with Michael McDonald. The single was performed by the Doobie Brothers, reaching #1 in the U.S. and Canada in 1979. In 1981, he won the Grammy Award for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance for his song "This Is It". He was also a member of USA for Africa, singing on the 1985 fundraising single "We Are the World".

paragraphs: Loggins voiced himself, the host of Los Santos Rock Radio, in the 2013 video game "Grand Theft Auto V". He has also had guest appearances in the animated series "Archer" and "Family Guy".

paragraphs: Loggins was born in Everett, Washington. He was married to Eva Ein from 1978 to 1990. The couple had three children, Crosby (born 1980), Cody (born 1983) and Isabella (born 1988). He was married to Julia Cooper from 1992 to 2004. They have two children, Lukas (born 1993) and Hana (born 1997).


title: Boyd, Texas

paragraphs: Boyd is a town in Wise County, Texas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the town had a population of 1,207.


title: Fatimih Dávila

paragraphs: Fatimih Dávila Sosa (1 February 1988 – 2 May 2019) was a Uruguayan model. She was the winner of Miss Uruguay beauty pageant in 2006. As the winner, she represented her country at the Miss Universe 2006 in Los Angeles, California, United States. She was a semi-finalist at Miss Model of the World 2006. She also competed at Reina Sudamericana in 2006, and Miss World 2008 in Johannesburg, South Africa. She was born in Punta del Este.

paragraphs: On 2 May 2019, Dávila was found dead at a hotel in Colonia Nápoles, Mexico City. She was reportedly murdered.


title: Lord Toby Jug

paragraphs: Lord Toby Jug (born Brian Borthwick; 1965 – 2 May 2019) was a British politician. He was the leader of the Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire branch of the Official Monster Raving Loony Party. He also served as the party's media officer and a likely parliamentary candidate. He was removed from the Loony Party in 2014. After this, he founded the Eccentric Party of Great Britain in 2015. He was born in West Ham, London.

paragraphs: Jug died on 2 May 2019, at the age of 53.


title: Clarice Phelps

paragraphs: Clarice E. Phelps (originally Salone) is an American scientist who works at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. She was a member of the team that discovered element 117, tennessine. She is the first African-American woman to be involved with the discovery of an element. At Oak Ridge, Phelps serves as the program manager responsible for isotopes with industry uses. She also studies the treatment of radioactive "super heavy" elements like plutonium-238 and researches medical use isotopes.

paragraphs: Phelps was part of the Tennessee Aquatic Project and Development Group (TAP), which is a nonprofit organization for youth. Phelps earned a Bachelor of Science degree in chemistry from Tennessee State University in 2003.

paragraphs: At the U.S. Navy, she worked in areas like nuclear power, reactor theory, and thermodynamics. In the Navy, she lived and worked on board an aircraft carrier (a large military ship that carries airplanes) called the USS Ronald Reagan. She helped maintain the two nuclear reactors on the ship.

paragraphs: In 2009, Phelps joined the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. They use Oak Ridge's nuclear reactors to learn about different kinds of isotopes and how they work.

paragraphs: At Oak Ridge, Phelps was part of the team that helped discover a new element, number 117, called tennessine. Phelps is the first African-American woman to help discover an element.

paragraphs: Element 117 is called tennessine. It is the second-heaviest element that has been discovered. Several laboratories worked together to discover tennessine. They discovered tennessine by creating it in a nuclear reactor. Scientists created tennessine by shooting calcium isotopes at berkelium isotopes. The two isotopes joined together–called nuclear fusion–and created a new element, tennessine.

paragraphs: Berkelium is one of the most dangerous and radioactive elements. Oak Ridge was the only place in the world where berkelium could be made for the experiment (test). After the berkelium was made, it had to be purified (cleaned) to make it ready for the experiment. Berkelium has a half-life of only 310 days. This means that after 310 days, half of the berkelium will disappear because of radioactive decay. Oak Ridge could only make a small amount of berkelium (less than 30 milligrams). They had to work fast to purify it before it was lost because of radioactive decay.

paragraphs: Phelps and two of her co-workers worked for three months to purify the berkelium. They did it and only lost less than one milligram of berkelium. Phelps called the purification a tedious process that involved many steps. After they were done, they sent the very pure berkelium to another laboratory in Dubna, Russia, called the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR). There, scientists fused the berkelium with calcium to create tennessine. They named the new element "tennessine" after Tennessee, the US state where Oak Ridge resides.

paragraphs: In 2013, Phelps became the manager of Oak Ridge's programs that make the isotopes nickel-63 and selenium-75. She has also studied isotopes of plutonium and neptunium, which are used by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to power spaceships. Phelps also studies isotopes that are used for medical research and treatments, like actinium, lanthanum, europium, and samarium. Phelps has studied electrodeposition with californium-252 for the Californium Rare Isotope Breeder Upgrade project (CARIBU). Oak Ridge makes most of the world's californium, which is used in cancer treatments.

paragraphs: In 2017, Phelps won the YWCA Knoxville Tribute to Women Technology, Research, and Innovation Award. This award recognizes "local women who lead their fields in technology and excel in community service". Phelps is a member of the American Chemical Society. Phelps helped start a program to teach robotics, drones, circuitry, and coding to inner city high school students in Knoxville, TN. In 2019, Phelps was featured in the IUPAC Periodic Table of Younger Chemists "for her outstanding commitment to research and public engagement, as well as being an important advocate for diversity."

paragraphs: Phelps' contribution to the discovery of Element 117 was the subject of controversy after her article was twice deleted after discussion from the English Wikipedia.


title: Endeavour Award

paragraphs: The Endeavour Award is a prize for a science fiction or fantasy book written by an author from the Pacific Northwest. It is given each year in November at OryCon in Portland, Oregon. The award is for books published the year before.

paragraphs: The Endeavour Award started in 1999. The name comes from Northwest explorer Captain James Cook's ship HM Bark "Endeavour". A group of Portland area writers and readers of science fiction and fantasy collected money to support the award in 1996. It is managed by Oregon Science Fiction Conventions, Inc. (OSFCI) tax-exempt non-profit corporation.


title: Grappes Bluff, Louisiana

paragraphs: Grappes Bluff is an unincorporated community in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana, in the United States.


title: Arne Sorenson

paragraphs: Arne Morris Sorenson (born 1958) is an American hotel executive. He is the President and Chief Executive Officer of Marriott International. He was born in Tokyo. He studied at the University of Minnesota.

paragraphs: Sorenson became the head of the largest publicly traded hotel chain in the world on March 31, 2012. He had been a director for Wal-Mart, and was the Chief Operating Officer for Marriott.

paragraphs: In May 2019, Sorenson was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer.