title: The Weather Channel

paragraphs: The Weather Channel is a cable and satellite television channel that is shown in the United States. The Weather Channel broadcasts weather newsshows and recorded weather-related documentaries 24 hours a day. The Weather Channel is most often filmed inside a studio near Atlanta, but some people working there sometimes go out to the place where the storm or weather is happening to film it. The Weather Channel also provides weather forecasts to over 700 radio stations, 50 newspapers, 30 websites, as well as mobile applications for smartphones and tablet computers. The Weather Channel is similar to a channel called The Weather Network in Canada.

paragraphs: Prior to the channel's launch, the original concept for providing continuous weather reports to the public over television stations stretched as far back as the late 1950s and early 1960s on the varying incarnations of CATV. Through those systems, which typically brought in up to a dozen stations to the viewer from across the region, twelve slots on a cable dial would often leave a few vacancies.

paragraphs: Early cable providers then devised a system where a single black and white camera, often one that was formerly used for local news production after an upgrade, would be placed on a rotating pedestal, capturing various dials and gauges on different stations to which it would pan automatically and remain in a given view for a few seconds before moving on. The different stations featured the time, temperature, barometer, wind speed, wind direction, and wind chill factor. Slides with the day's complete forecast, brief news headlines and community events often drawn up by the station's art department rounded out the package. This was the same system as that used by the early Devotional Channels and for the Stations of the Cross during the Christmas season.

paragraphs: The Weather Channel itself was the brainchild of veteran television meteorologist John Coleman (former chief meteorologist at WLS-TV in Chicago and Good Morning America forecaster), who took his idea to Frank Batten, the then-chief executive officer of Landmark Communications. A major part of the plan for the new network was that it would be able to provide localized weather information to its viewers. This would be done through the use of specialized computer units, known as WeatherStars ("STAR" being an acronym for "Satellite Transponder Addressable Receiver"), which would be installed at the headends of cable providers that agreed to carry the channel. These WeatherStars were able to insert current local conditions, forecasts and weather warnings over the national feed, with the weather data being received from the vertical blanking interval of the TWC video feed and via satellite, which is then transmitted to the WeatherStar unit; the WeatherStar systems would also be capable of adding or removing segments seen during each local forecast segment, and providing other forms of non-forecast data (primarily local contact and address information for businesses advertised on the channel's national feed, which the STAR unit overlaid on a static graphic seen after certain commercials). The Weather Channel, Inc. was founded in Atlanta, Georgia on July 18, 1980.

paragraphs: The Weather Channel launched on Sunday, May 2, 1982. Programming began with an introduction to the channel by Batten and Coleman, which led into an inauguration ceremony that launched the channel's first official broadcast at 8pm that evening, anchored by meteorologists Bruce Edwards and André Bernier. The bulk of TWC programming consisted of a local forecast segment 8-12 times hourly. The Weather Channel originally gathered its national and regional forecasts from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and its local forecasts were sourced from the various National Weather Service Weather Forecast Offices around the country. The first slogan was unveiled: "We Take the Weather Seriously, But Not Ourselves."

paragraphs: However, after only one year in the role, in 1983, John Coleman was forced out as the channel's president and CEO; at that time, he returned to his previous occupation as a television weathercaster, first becoming employed at WCBS-TV in New York City. Slogan was also updated to "The Cable Television Network for America's Lifestyle." This only stayed for a year, before moved to "Weatherproofing America."

paragraphs: The original Weather Star I model often interfered with the channel 2 signal at the cable headend; this issue was fixed with the upgrade to the Weather Star II in January 1984. The channel later rolled out Weather Star III, the third-generation STAR unit, to cable providers – which began upgrading to the system in early 1986; the Star III included additional hardware improvements, and also added several extra forecast and observation features.

paragraphs: In 3/1986, The Weather Channel launched its fourth slogan: "You Need Us for Everything you Do" and a campaign to promote this. It included a custom lyrical theme (which was remixed in 1989) – two versions of which were created: a full one-minute theme that was rarely seen on-air, and a more commonly seen 30-second version. In 1989, the channel introduced "Prime Time Tonight", a 3-minute segment that appeared 8 times nightly from 7:57 to 11:27 p.m., which served as guide to programs airing on other cable channels and provided airtime information and video clips.

paragraphs: 1990 saw the introduction of the first Weather Star 4000 models, which similar to the Weather Star III, originally generated only text-based products. Radar imagery was added to the units in June of that year, with graphical backgrounds being introduced in July, making the 4000 the first STAR to be capable of generating graphics and the first to incorporate the channel's logo in the forecast segments. Also in 1990, The Weather Channel began including snow condition reports at five minutes after the hour.

paragraphs: Largely considered the height of the classic TWC by enthusiasts, The Weather Channel underwent a major graphical revamp (with the introduction of a new slogan, "Weather You Can Always Turn To") on March 6, 1991. Graphic elements included heavy use of gradients and the Caxton typeface. On July 3, The Weather Channel Connection, a toll-free phone service providing weather information, was launched. Originally 1-900-288-8800, the phone number was reassigned in 1992 to 1-900-WEATHER (or 1-900-932-8437), a number was also used to promote the service in on-air and print advertisements. On November 1, The Weather Channel filed for a trademark on TWC, a common shortening of the name that was sometimes seen on-air.

paragraphs: By 1993, The Weather Channel was available to 90% of U.S. households with cable television service. On January 10, 1994, TWC placed an order to build 1,000 units for a new STAR model known as the Weather Star Jr, a budget model developed by Wegener Communications, which builds equipment for cable headends.

paragraphs: 1995 brought a variety of changes to TWC, setting the stage for more changes that occurred the following year. Minor graphical tweaks were made, while local forecast segments began incorporating Short Term Forecasts issued by local National Weather Service offices as the "Local Update" (which in turn destabilized flavor lineups and caused the discontinuation of narration). The 30-Day Outlook was discontinued (which was required by National Weather Service). New programs included the introductions of "WeatherScope" (a half-hourly weather discussion) and a special on how weather affected the 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7. That year also featured the premiere of "Sky on Fire", a documentary on lightning. The music of Trammell Starks, used on Weatherscan and emergency cases since 2000, premiered at the end of the year with Starks' various other music pieces being used by the channel until early 2012.

paragraphs: From 1996 to 1998, The Weather Channel dramatically changed its on-air presentation. The first wave of change came in October 1996, with the introduction of a new slogan ("No Place on Earth Has Better Weather"), that was heralded with a trio of humorous spots (blizzard/breezy/flood) promoting the accuracy of TWC's weather coverage. Months later, The Weather Channel received its biggest graphical overhaul since 1991, the modernization of TWC's presentation included the introduction of a newer, flatter logo (although its previous logo remained in use on some segments, and some specialty segments retained narration by Dan Chandler and/or the previous TWC logo into late 1997), as well as a new graphics package featuring rotating globes and compass points for introductions, and new music. 1996 also saw the launch of The Weather Channel's website, weather.com. "Local on the 8s", a concept in which local forecasts aired in ten-minute intervals at times ending in "8," also made its debut.

paragraphs: On October 15, 1996, Landmark Communications purchased a building at 300 Interstate North (near the junction of Interstates 75 and 285 in Atlanta) to house The Weather Channel's operations. Landmark had been looking for new studio facilities for the channel, and requirements included 18-foot ceilings. Improvements were made to bring the building up to code before TWC moved into its new headquarters at the end of 1996 (but it did not begin broadcasting from the facility until early 1997). By 1996, The Weather Channel reached 63 million homes, with average ratings totaling at 130,000 viewers at that time.

paragraphs: On March 31, 1997, the channel revised its programming schedule with the introduction of a news wheel format. On August 25, the channel debuted a memorable advertising campaign, "The Front", created by ad agency TBWA Chiat/Day. The promos (which used the slogan, "Weather Fans, You're Not Alone") were set in something akin to a sports bar, with the major difference being that weather was the central focus. That October, 1997 World Series became the first major event that TWC covered with live reporters. New title bars were introduced for national segments on January 6, 1998.

paragraphs: In March 1998, TWC introduced a graphical refresh, featuring heavy use of the Akzidenz-Grotesk typeface and footage of clouds at the core of the new identity. For the first time in the channel's history, there was no slogan or unifying theme. "WeatherScope" was replaced with "Weather Center" on March 10, a program which essentially comprised The Weather Channel's entire 24-hour daily programming schedule at the time in the form of three separate programs ("Weather Center AM", a morning program (5 a.m.-noon) focusing primarily on business, commuter and leisure travel weather; Weather Center PM, an evening program (7 p.m.-5 a.m.) with a focus on forecasts for the day ahead; and an afternoon broadcast (12 p.m.-7 p.m.) simply using the Weather Center title, which focused on ongoing weather conditions). April 1998 saw updates to "The Front" image campaign; one of the new advertisements specifically mentioned the 36-hour text forecasts (which, at the time, were still supplied by the National Weather Service), but heralded new Local Forecast graphics. The machine that produced those graphics, the IRIX-based Weather Star XL, was released to cable providers later that year as the first new mainline STAR unit manufactured in eight years. The catalyst for a top-to-bottom modernization of the local forecast segment, the XL's graphical and technological capabilities were significantly more advanced than the 4000, with an animated, high-quality output consistent with TWC's national graphics and new scalable icons that would be used for eight years on TWC (these icons remain in use by Weather Star XLs still in service and on certain downloadable web widgets).

paragraphs: 1999 brought the removal of the unpredictable-length Local Update product on the Weather Star 4000, which stabilized flavor lineups. Also in March 31 that year, The Weather Channel launched a spin-off network called Weatherscan Local, a channel offering continuous weather information 24/7, which exclusively provided local forecasts generated by specialized STAR units. Originally exclusive to Comcast systems, cable operators could add optional packages featuring expanded weather information or specialty forecasts (such as golf, boat and beach, or marine weather) to their Weatherscan STAR systems. The Weather Channel also appointed Decker Anstrom to serve as president of the network. By 1999, The Weather Channel reached 70 million homes, or 98% of all households that subscribe to cable television. It also provided weather forecasts to 52 newspapers and 250+ radio stations. Between 1999 and 2000, TWC aired weather observation reports from Mount Everest using battery-powered sensors.

paragraphs: In 2000, the channel's Weather Star XL systems introduced an audio function, Vocal Local, which assembles narration tracks heard during local forecast segments to introduce forecast products, and read descriptive forecasts and primary weather observations; while most cable operators added the Vocal Local feature, some did not employ it on their Weather Star XL units. The cycling of music playlist changes was increased from a quarterly to a monthly basis; as such, 2000 is considered to be the year the split between the "classic" TWC and "modern" TWC occurred by several websites. On August 23 of that year, the channel debuted "Atmospheres", a weekly newsmagazine-style program hosted by Jim Cantore and Mishelle "Mish" Michaels. It aired Wednesdays at 8pm, Saturdays at 5pm, and Sundays at 8pm and 11pm. Encore editions were aired on Saturday and Sunday at reverse time.

paragraphs: On January 3, 2000, The Weather Channel began reducing "Weather Center"'s broadcasting time. The first news program to be broadcast was titled "Your Weather Today", airing weekdays from 5 a.m. to 7 a.m. Presenters were Heather Tesch and Marshall Seese.

paragraphs: On March 20, 2000, another weather news program was unveiled, titled "First Outlook", airing for two hours right after "Your Weather Today". On-air team was Rick Griffin and Cheryl Lemke, along with travel analyst Dennis Smith.

paragraphs: On April 21, 2001, "Weekend Now" was the first news programme to cut into the weekend timeslot of "Weather Center". It aired from 7 a.m. to 11 a.m. Saturdays and Sundays, presented by two teams of meteorologists: one was Kelly Cass and Bill Keneely and the other team was Melissa Barrington and Bob Stokes. Any given hour of the program would be hosted by one team while a member of the other team provided special segments like "Travel Forecast" (other cities' forecasts) and "Weather Maker" (details behind the day's most important wearher system).

paragraphs: In June 2001, "Weather Center"'s name no longer featured the "AM/PM" distinction.

paragraphs: On August 20, 2001, "Evening Edition" dropped the 9 p.m.-5 a.m. block of "Weather Center". Because of long-form programs, Evening Edition aired its first hour, then long-form programs, then two hours, then long-form programs repeated from earlier, followed by the overnight hour, and finally this final hour was repeated twice. The show was presented by various meteorologists. In 2003, 4:30-7 a.m. weekend block now showed "Weekend Outlook", which presented by Ray Stagich only. (In case of severe weather, the show would start from 3 a.m, and another meteorologist would join him). Also at this year, 7-11 a.m. weekend block had a new show: "Weekend Planner", so "Weekend Now" moved to the 11 a.m.-2 p.m. block instead (this time, less special segments than before). As a result of these changes, "Weather Center" aired from 9 a.m.-9 p.m. weekdays and 2 p.m.-5 a.m. weekends.

paragraphs: In October 2002, Kim Cunningham left "Evening Edition" for "First Outlook".

paragraphs: On September 29, 2003, "PM Edition" was launched, interrupted the block of "Weather Center". It aired weekdays between 6 p.m. and 8 p.m., presented by Carl Parker and Kristina Abernathy. It was preceded by another all-new show, "Afternoon Outlook" from 4 p.m. to 6 p.m. At the same day, one more forecast program was launched, "Day Planner" from 11 a.m. to 2 p.m. As a result, it could be known as weekday edition of "Weekend Now", as both shows aired at the same timeslot.

paragraphs: On October 4, 2003, "PM Edition Weekend" was launched, airing at a late night time: 11 p.m.-2 a.m. Two presenters were Adam Berg and Betty Davis.


title: 2010 Africa Cup of Nations

paragraphs: The 2010 Africa Cup of Nations was the 27th Africa Cup of Nations tournament. It took place in Angola from 10 January to 31 January. Egypt won the tournament after defeating Ghana. Lastly, Nigeria got third place.


title: Sia (musician)

paragraphs: Sia Kate Isobelle Furler (born 18 December 1975), known as Sia, is an Australian singer. She was born and raised in Adelaide. She is known for the songs "Clap Your Hands", "Wild Ones" with Flo Rida, "Titanium" with French DJ David Guetta, "Chandelier", and “Cheap Thrills”. The last three of these songs managed to reach the top ten worldwide.

paragraphs: Sia co-wrote "Diamonds" for Rihanna's album "Unapologetic" (2012), which topped charts worldwide. She wrote "Pretty Hurts", the first song on Beyoncé Knowles' fifth album "Beyoncé", with Knowles and producer Ammo.

paragraphs: Sia is openly bisexual. She married Erik Anders Lang in August 2014, and they announced their splitting in late 2016. She has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder.

paragraphs: Sia's fifth album "We Are Born" was released in 2010. Her album "1000 Forms of Fear" was released in 2014. It entered on the "Billboard" 200 albums chart at number one. It was her first number-one album in the U.S. "1000 Forms of Fear" featured the Grammy-nominated top-ten single "Chandelier", along with "Elastic Heart".

paragraphs: Sia released her album "This Is Acting" in January 2016. The track features the singles "Alive" (which was written with Adele, who turned down releasing the song) and "Cheap Thrills". A remix of "Cheap Thrills" features the Jamaican reggae recording artist Sean Paul. This version of the song reached number one in the US and Canada, number two in the UK, and the top ten in Australia. It was nominated for a 2017 Grammy Award for Best Pop Duo/Group Performance. It lost to "Stressed Out" by Twenty One Pilots. "This Is Acting" was re-released as a deluxe edition in late 2016. It includes the Sean Paul remix of "Cheap Thrills" and a version of the song "The Greatest" featuring rapper Kendrick Lamar, which reached the top 20 in the US. In 2017, she released the album "Everyday is Christmas".

paragraphs: In 2018, Sia voiced Ms. Tiggy-Winkle in the animation movie "Peter Rabbit".

paragraphs: In 2020, Sia revealed that she had adopted two boys who had grown out of the foster care system. She is releasing a film and album that year, both called "Music". The single “Together” was released from the soundtrack.


title: Top Thrill Dragster

paragraphs: Top Thrill Dragster is a steel accelerator roller coaster built by Intamin at Cedar Point in Sandusky, Ohio. It was the sixteenth roller coaster that was built at the park. It was the first roller coaster to be over tall and was the tallest roller coaster in the world before its record was broken by Kingda Ka at Six Flags Great Adventure when it opened in May 2005. Top Thrill Dragster, along with Kingda Ka, are the only strata coasters in the world.

paragraphs: After it leaves the station, the train enters the launch area. To the left of the launch area is a "Christmas tree" light, which is similar to a Christmas tree light at a drag strip. A message is then played to riders: "Keep arms down, head back, and hold on." Once the train is ready to launch, a motor revving sound effect is played and its magnetic braking fins are lowered from the launch track. The train is then launched from the track at a speed of in 3.8 seconds. After it reaches its top speed, it goes up at a 90 degree angle and climbs a hill, or top hat element. Once it goes down, the track twists 270 degrees before it levels out, and then it is stopped by magnetic brakes.

paragraphs: Sometimes, a train does not have enough speed to go over the hill. This is known as a rollback, and it usually happens during cool, wet, or breezy weather. It can also happen when the wind is blowing against the train. In these conditions, the launch doesn't give the train enough speed to go over the hill, which causes it to stop before reaching the top of the hill and then roll back down the hill, which is why it is called a rollback.

paragraphs: On extremely rare occasions, the train may stall at the top of the hill. When this happens, a mechanic takes an elevator to the top of the hill and pushes the train forward down the hill. This has only happened three times with passengers on board the train, June 24, 2005, October 25, 2008, and May 25, 2009.


title: La Gata

paragraphs: La Gata, is a Mexican telenovela produced by Nathalie Lartilleux for Televisa. It is a remake of the Venezuelan telenovela "La Gata", produced in 1968 and Mexican telenovela "Rosa Salvaje" produced in 1987.

paragraphs: Maite Perroni and Daniel Arenas stars as the protagonists, with Erika Buenfil as the adult protagonist. Jorge Poza, Mónika Sánchez and first actress Laura Zapata stars as the antagonists.

paragraphs: "La Gata" premiered on May 5, 2014, and earned 17.7 points of rating in its 4 p.m. time slot. It was the third highest rated telenovela of the evening on Canal de las Estrellas.


title: Çolpan İlhan

paragraphs: Çolpan İlhan (August 8, 1936, İzmir – July 25, 2014, Istanbul) was a Turkish movie and theatre actress. She was awarded the title of 'State artist of Turkey". She acted in more than 300 movies and theatre plays.

paragraphs: İlhan died of a heart attack at her home in Istanbul. Her funeral ceremony was scheduled for 27 July 2014.


title: María Antonia Iglesias

paragraphs: María Antonia Iglesias González (15 January 1945 – 29 July 2014) was a Spanish writer and journalist. She wrote for many newspapers and magazines such as "Informaciones", "Triunfo", "Tiempo", "Interviú" and "El País". Besides writing for magazines and newspapers, she worked on radio and television.

paragraphs: Iglesias was born in Madrid. Her father was pianist and musicologist Antonio Iglesias Álvarez. She was a Catholic but did not have the same views as the current Roman Catholic Church.

paragraphs: Iglesias died on 29 July 2014 in Vigo, Province of Pontevedra, aged 69.


title: Central City Shopping Centre

paragraphs: Central City Shopping Centre (formerly Surrey Place Mall) is a Shopping mall and office tower in the Whalley neighborhood of Surrey, British Columbia. It is the second largest mall in Surrey, behind Guildford Town Centre. It is home to the Simon Fraser University - Surrey Campus. In October 2007, the building was sold to Blackwood Partners Management Corporation of Toronto for $245.75 million.

paragraphs: It was awarded the Special Jury Award in 2004 by Le Marché International des Professionnels de l’Immobilier as the world's best overall new development for architecture and building innovation. The tower has appeared in many movies and television shows. It has appeared in the beginning of the movie Fantastic Four and was the home of LuthorCorp headquarters in season three of Smallville. It was also shown in the movies Firewall, Alone in the Dark, I, Robot, Catwoman, and Painkiller Jane.


title: Jon R. Cavaiani

paragraphs: Jon Robert Cavaiani (August 2, 1943 – July 29, 2014) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions in the Vietnam War. Cavaiani was released by the Provisional Government of Vietnam on April 27, 1973.

paragraphs: Cavaiani emigrated to the United States with his parents in 1947 at age four.

paragraphs: Cavaiani died at the age of 70 in Stanford, California. He had myelodysplastic syndrome.


title: Julio Grondona

paragraphs: Julio Humberto Grondona (September 18, 1931 – July 30, 2014) was an Argentine football executive. He served as president of the Argentine Football Association ("Asociación del Fútbol Argentino") from 1979 until his death in 2014. He also served as Senior Vice-President of FIFA ("Fédération Internationale de Football Association"). He was involved in numerous scandals and has been accused by media outlets of being a member of the Mafia.

paragraphs: Grondona died in Buenos Aires, Argentina from an aortic aneurysm, aged 82.


title: Aortic aneurysm

paragraphs: An aortic aneurysm is a general term for an enlargement (dilation) of the aorta to greater than 1.5 times normal size. While the cause of an aneurysm may be unknown, the end result is weakness in the wall of the aorta at that location.

paragraphs: The aneurysm may occasionally cause pain, which is a sign of impending rupture. When rupture occurs, massive internal hemorrhage results, and, unless treated immediately, shock and death can occur within minutes.


title: James Govan

paragraphs: James Govan (September 2, 1949 – July 18, 2014) was an American Blues soul singer. His most recent album, "I'm in Need", was released in 1996. He had also performed alongside such artists as The Boogie Blues Band and Charlie Wood.

paragraphs: Govan had become one of the favorite musicians on Beale Street. He routinely performed for over two decades at the Rum Boogie Café.

paragraphs: Govan died at the age of 64 on July 18, 2014.


title: Peter Turkson

paragraphs: Peter Kodwo Appiah Turkson (born 11 October 1948) is a Ghanaian cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He is the president of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace since his appointment by Pope Benedict XVI on 24 October 2009. He had served as Archbishop of Cape Coast. He was elevated to the cardinalate by Pope John Paul II in 2003. Many people think that Turkson might become the first black pope.


title: Garry McCarthy

paragraphs: Garry Francis McCarthy (born May 4, 1959) an American police officer. He was the Superintendent of the Chicago Police Department.

paragraphs: McCarthy was born in The Bronx, New York.

paragraphs: McCarthy joined the New York City Police Department in 1981 at age 22. He rose through the ranks and became Deputy Commissioner of Operations in 2000.

paragraphs: In 2006, McCarthy left his position with the New York Police Department to take over the Police Department of Newark, New Jersey.

paragraphs: McCarthy was hired by Mayor Rahm Emanuel to take over the Chicago Police Department shortly after Emanuel's election in early 2011. On December 1, 2015, the mayor asked for McCarthy's resignation. He said this was because public trust in the leadership of the city's police department had been shaken and that McCarthy had become "an issue" and "a distraction."

paragraphs: On March 21, 2018, McCarthy his candidacy for Mayor of Chicago in the 2019 election. He lost the first round of the election.


title: Catalonia national football team

paragraphs: The Catalonia national football team (, ) is the national football team for the autonomous community of Catalonia. As of 15 November 2013, the head coach is Gerard López. The team is often called "La Selecció" ("The Selection") or just "La Segadora" ("The Reaper"). The team is not a member of UEFA or FIFA, so they can't be in the FIFA World Cup or the UEFA European Football Championship.

paragraphs: Catalonia had their first match on 21 February 1912 against France. Their most recent game was on December 30, 2013 against Cape Verde, in which they won 4–1.

paragraphs: Players of the team are full Spanish citizens who are able to play for Spain if they want to. People who have played on the team include Cesc Fàbregas, Pep Guardiola, Carles Puyol, Gerard Piqué, Xavi, Víctor Valdés, Sergio Busquets and Sergio González.


title: Rafał Majka

paragraphs: Rafał Majka (born 12 September 1989) is a Polish professional cyclist. He rides for the Tinkhoff-Saxo team. He won the Polka dot jersey in the 2014 Tour de France.

paragraphs: Majka won his first professional victory on Stage 14 of the 2014 Tour de France. He won again on Stage 17. He did well in the other mountain stages too, and won the polka dot jersey for the best climber. He is the first Pole to win a jersey in the Tour de France.

paragraphs: In 2013, he competed in the Giro D'Italia for the first time. He finished 7th, eight minutes behind the winner Vincenzo Nibali. In 2014, he finished 6th.


title: Battlefield Earth (movie)

paragraphs: Battlefield Earth is a 2000 American science fiction movie directed by Roger Christian and starring John Travolta, Barry Pepper, Forest Whitaker and Kelly Preston. It was adapted from the novel of the Scientology founder L. Ron Hubbard.

paragraphs: The movie got very poor reviews from film critics. It also did poorly at the box office, because the money earned from the cinemas was less than half of its budget. It won seven Golden Raspberry Awards.

paragraphs: In 2008, it was placed on a list of the ten worse movies of the past ten years.

paragraphs: On Rotten Tomatoes, the movie has a positive rating of only 3% from the audience.

paragraphs: The movie takes place in the year 3000, when Earth is a ruined wasteland ruled by the Psychlos, who are a brutal race of giant humanoid aliens who have ruled the planet for 1,000 years, and use human slave labor to strip its minerals and other resources, with a special desire for gold. The humans rebel against the aliens.


title: Robert Lewandowski

paragraphs: Robert Lewandowski (born 21 August 1988 in Warsaw, Poland) is a Polish association football striker who plays for Bayern Munich and is the captain of the Poland national football team.

paragraphs: He began his career with Znicz Pruszków in 2005, then continuously moved up the Polish tiers until he made it to the first-tier club Lech Poznań in 2008.

paragraphs: He is a person who failed in the champions league and did a self goal, he got kicked out of real madrid.

paragraphs: A full international for Poland since 2008, Lewandowski has earned over 100 caps and was a member of their team at Euro 2012, Euro 2016 and 2018 FIFA World Cup. With 60 international goals, Lewandowski is the all-time top scorer for Poland. In 2015, he was voted Polish Sportspersonality of the Year and in 2016 he claimed fourth place at the 2015 FIFA Ballon d'Or Awards.

paragraphs: He has been named the Polish Player of the Year a record seven times. "The Guardian" has ranked him as the fifth-best footballer on the planet in 2015.

paragraphs: Likely one of Robert’s most famous records is scoring 5 goals in 9 minutes (8:59). For achieving this, Robert Lewandowski was awarded 4 Guiness World Records.


title: Jack and Jill (movie)

paragraphs: Jack and Jill is a 2011 American comedy movie starring Adam Sandler as a twin brother and sister. Though successful at the box office, The movie was almost universally panned by critics and became the first and so far, only movie to win every single category at the Razzies. It is considered by many to be one of the worst movies ever made.


title: Radium girls

paragraphs: Radium girls were a group of female factory workers who sued their employer in 1917.

paragraphs: They had worked at a factory on Orange, New Jersey. Their job was to paint the dials of watches with radium paint, so that the numbers would glow in the dark. The substance used to paint was luminous paint, which contained radium. Radium is radioactive, and causes radiation sickness. The workers used paintbrushes to draw fine lines; the brush would only draw such a line when it was wet. The girls would put the brushes in their mouths to lick them. The women were told the paint was harmless. Over time, they ingested deadly amounts of radium paint.

paragraphs: Five workers sued their employer. The case that followed made it clear that people could sue their employer, if they contract occupational diseases.


title: Cedar Point

paragraphs: Cedar Point is an amusement park in Sandusky, Ohio, United States. It opened in 1870. It is the second-oldest operating amusement park in the United States.


title: Queen Forever

paragraphs: Queen Forever is a compilation album by British rock band Queen. It is the first album since 1995 to have new music from former group members Freddie Mercury (who died) and John Deacon (who retired).

paragraphs: The album features three new songs, "Let Me In Your Heart Again" (written by Brian May, it was a song from the Works sessions), "Love Kills - The Ballad" (the song is a reworked version of Mercury's disco hit from 1984) and "There Must Be More To Life Than This (William Orbit Mix)" (a Mercury/Michael Jackson duet from the early eighties, reworked to feature guitars, drums and bass). The rest of the album includes songs which May and Taylor chose.

paragraphs: The album includes songs; "Somebody to Love", "Crazy Little Thing Called Love", "It's a Hard Life", "You're My Best Friend", "Love of My Life", "These Are the Days of Our Lives" and "Who Wants to Live Forever".


title: The Works Tour

paragraphs: The Works Tour was a concert tour by the English rock band Queen. During the tour, Queen participated in the Rock in Rio festival in 1985.


title: Lincoln Park

paragraphs: Lincoln Park is a 1,208 acre (488.86 ha) park along the lakefront of Chicago, Illinois' North Side, facing Lake Michigan. It is Chicago's largest public park. It is named after Abraham Lincoln.

paragraphs: It stretches for seven miles (11 km) from Ohio Street (600 N) on the south to near Ardmore Avenue (5800 N) on the north, just north of the Lake Shore Drive terminus at Hollywood Avenue.

paragraphs: Several museums and a zoo are located between North Avenue (1600 N) and Diversey Parkway (2800 N) in the neighborhood that takes its name from the park, Lincoln Park. The park further to the north is surrounded by parkland, beaches, recreational areas, nature reserves, and harbors.

paragraphs: To the south, there is a more narrow strip of beaches east of Lake Shore Drive, almost to downtown. With 20 million visitors a year, Lincoln Park is the second most visited park in the United States.


title: Durham TurfDogs

paragraphs: Durham TurfDogs is a professional indoor lacrosse team that plays in Oshawa, Ontario. It is part of the Canadian Lacrosse League. The team started playing in 2012. Its home games are played in the GM Centre.


title: Chicago Riverwalk

paragraphs: The Chicago Riverwalk is an open, pedestrian waterfront located on the south bank of the Chicago River in downtown Chicago, Illinois. It spans from Lake Shore Drive to Franklin Street. It is often called the city's "Second Lakefront". It contains lush green spaces, cafes, retail spaces and is an overall "great place where office workers and families can relax, and a great place to get a bite to eat.”


title: Ohsweken Demons

paragraphs: The Ohsweken Demons is a professional indoor lacrosse team that plays in Hagersville, Ontario. It is part of the Canadian Lacrosse League. The team plays its home games in Iroquois Lacrosse Arena.

paragraphs: The team played its first season in 2012. It won the Creators' Cup league championship that year.


title: Wacker Drive

paragraphs: Wacker Drive is a major street in Chicago, Illinois, United States, running along the south side of the main branch and the east side of the south branch of the Chicago River. The street is a multilevel street.

paragraphs: The vast majority of it is double-decked; the upper level intended for local traffic, and the lower level for through-traffic and trucks servicing buildings on the road (and originally a dock).


title: Hagersville, Ontario

paragraphs: Hagersville is a town in Haldimand County, Ontario, Canada. It is about 45 kilometers southwest of Hamilton, Ontario. According to the 2011 census, the town's population is 2,579.

paragraphs: The town started in 1855, when a roadway (now Ontario Highway 6) was built through the area. It started growing after the Canadian Southern Railway built a line through the area in 1870. During World War II, the Royal Canadian Air Force built a training school near the town.

paragraphs: The Ohsweken Demons of the Canadian Lacrosse League plays its home games at Hagersville.


title: Johan Witteveen

paragraphs: Hendrikus Johannes "Johan" Witteveen (12 June 1921 – 23 April 2019) was a Dutch economist, retired politician and author. He was a member of the Senate (1958–63; 1971–73) and the House of Representatives (1963; 1965–67) for the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy.

paragraphs: He was Minister of Finance (1963–65; 1967–71) and managing director of the International Monetary Fund (1973–78). He also wrote books on Universal Sufism and economics.


title: Clifford Husbands

paragraphs: Sir Clifford Straughn Husbands, GCMG, KA, QC (5 August 1926 – 11 October 2017) was a Barbadian politician. He was the Governor-General of Barbados. He held this office from 1996, when he was appointed after the death of Dame Nita Barrow, until he retired on 31 October 2011.

paragraphs: Husbands died suddenly of a heart attack on 11 October 2017 at the age of 91.

paragraphs: On 7 July 2009 his wife Lady Ruby Husbands (née Parris) died.


title: Haldimand County

paragraphs: Haldimand County is a single-tier municipality in Southern Ontario, Canada. It is on the nothern shore of Lake Erie, on the Niagara Peninsula.

paragraphs: The county was created in 1800 from part of Norfolk County. In 1974, Haldimand was merged with Norfolk County to form the Regional Municipality of Haldimand-Norfolk. In 2001, they were separated into two counties again.

paragraphs: There are also several smaller communities across the county. Two of the major highways through the area are Ontario Highway 3 and Ontario Highway 6. Rock Point Provincial Park is in the county.

paragraphs: The county's population according to the 2011 census is 44,876. The county is part of the federal riding of Haldimand—Norfolk and the provincial riding of Haldimand—Norfolk.


title: César Pelli

paragraphs: César Pelli (October 12, 1926 – July 19, 2019) was an Argentine-American architect. He was known for designing some of the world's tallest buildings and other major urban landmarks.

paragraphs: In 1991, the American Institute of Architects (AIA) listed Pelli among the ten most influential living American architects. His many awards include the 1995 AIA Gold Medal.

paragraphs: Perhaps his most famous work are the Petronas Twin Towers, which were for a time the world's tallest buildings. He also designed the World Financial Center complex in downtown Manhattan.

paragraphs: Pelli died on July 19, 2019 at his home in New Haven, Connecticut at the age of 92.


title: Uhm Ji-won

paragraphs: Uhm Ji-won (born December 25, 1977) is a South Korean actress. She is known for her roles in "The Scarlett Letter", "Traces of Love", "The Good, the Bad, and the Weird", "Like You Know It All", and in "Hope".

paragraphs: Uhm married architect Oh Young-wook on May 27, 2014 at the Shilla Hotel in Seoul.


title: Watsonville, California

paragraphs: Watsonville is a city in Santa Cruz County, California, United States, along the Pajaro River. The population was 51,199 according to the 2010 census.


title: Kylie Jenner

paragraphs: Kylie Kristen Jenner (born August 10, 1997) is an American reality television personality, businesswoman and model. She is known for appearing on the E! reality TV show "Keeping Up with the Kardashians". She is a daughter of Caitlyn Jenner and Kris Jenner. She has one sister, Kendall Jenner, and eight half-siblings: Kourtney, Kim, Khloé, and Rob Kardashian.

paragraphs: Jenner is famous for creating her own cosmetics line called Kylie Cosmetics. She also recently created her individual clothing line where she sells items from customized undergarments to customized sweatshirts.

paragraphs: She is also known for her selfies on Instagram and her lip fillers.

paragraphs: She was a cheerleader for Sierra Canyon School, and her first modeling job was for a Sears clothing campaign titled Crush Your Style.

paragraphs: Kylie appeared in People and Beautiful People magazine with her sister Kendall. She started her modeling career with the Sears line "Crush Your Style"; she also posed in photo shoots for OK! magazine, Teen Vogue and for photographer Nick Saglimbeni. She also modeled during New York Fashion Week 2011 for the Abbey Dawn Avril Lavigne collection and in the Hello Kitty show in Los Angeles for Forever 21. In 2015 she took part in the fashion show of her brother-in-law Kanye West (husband of her half-sister Kim Kardashian) held in New York during Fashion Week.

paragraphs: Kylie also created, together with her sisters, the glazes of O.P.I.'s "Kardashian Kolors" line, and two other glazes called "Wear Something Spar-Kylie" and "Rainbow in the S-Kylie". Kylie & Kendall launched a clothing line called Kendall and Kylie for Pacsun in February 2013. In June, together with their sister Kendall, they collaborated with the Topshop brand to launch a new capsule collection. The sisters also created a capsule collection with OVS. In October 2015, Jenner starred in Tyga's music video in the song "Dope'd Up".

paragraphs: In May 2016, she made her musical rapping debut on Burberry producer Perry's song "Beautiful Day" with Lil Yachty. In the fall of 2016, Jenner was announced as the new face of PUMA along with Rae Sremmurd.

paragraphs: In November 2016, Jenner also launched its cosmetics line called Kylie Cosmetics: she created a vast amount of products such as matte lip kits, gloss lipsticks, eyeshadow palettes, eyeliner, blush and highlighter. On December 10, 2016 opened its online merchandising shop, called The Kylie Shop.

paragraphs: In April 2017, she appeared by surprise at the Rio Americano High School dance in Sacramento alongside young Albert Ochoa after hearing that her date had been rejected.

paragraphs: Until January 14, 2019, she held the record for the most liked photo on Instagram with 18 million likes.

paragraphs: In 2019, Jenner founded his skin care brand Kylie Skin, which was launched on May 22, 2019. The brand began producing derma products, including face washes, scrubs, moisturizers and makeup removal wipes. In 2020, Kylie started selling her Skin products not just in America and in the USA but also in Europe through Douglas.

paragraphs: According to "Forbes", in 2019, Jenner's net worth was said to be at US$1 billion, making her, at age 21, the world's youngest billionaire as of March 2019, though the notion of Jenner being self-made is a subject of controversy, owing to her privileged background.

paragraphs: In May 2020, however, "Forbes" released a statement accusing Jenner of faking tax documents so she would appear as a billionaire. It also said that Jenner faked money numbers for Kylie Cosmetics. Afterwards, she was stripped of her billionaire status and her title.

paragraphs: Jenner and rapper Travis Scott have a daughter, Stormi Webster, born February 1, 2018. The couple separated in September 2019. Scott was accused of cheating on Jenner with his ex Yungsweetro. Jenner had previously dated rapper Tyga from 2014 to 2017. She dated Jaden Smith when she was 15 years old.

paragraphs: In March 2019, Forbes magazine included Kylie Jenner on its list of billionaires. Jenner became the world's youngest billionaire at the age of 21. Aside from her television career that began with Keeping Up with the Kardashians, Jenner's wealth also comes from her make-up company, Kylie Cosmetics, valued at $800 million.

paragraphs: In 2015, Jenner admitted to getting lip fillers after people would participate in the Kylie Jenner lip challenge. They would blow up their lips with glass and injure themselves. Jenner previously lied she would only use lip liner to achieve bigger lips. Jenner is known for looking very different than she did in 2012. She has suspected to have had Botox, facial fillers, brow lift, breast implants, buttock implants, chin surgery and a nose job.


title: David Sills

paragraphs: David G. Sills (March 21, 1938 – August 23, 2011) was an American jurist. Sills served as the presiding justice for the California Court of Appeal for the Fourth Appellate District, Division Three. He is a former mayor of Irvine, California. He was married to the daughter of former President Ronald Reagan.

paragraphs: Sills died in Irvine, California, aged 73.


title: Jack Hogan

paragraphs: Jack Hogan (born Richard Roland Benson, Jr.; November 25, 1929) is an American actor. He is most notable for the role of PFC William G. Kirby on the 1960s TV show "Combat!".


title: Dundas, Illinois

paragraphs: Dundas is an unincorporated community in Richland County, Illinois, United States. Dundas is north of Olney. Dundas has a post office with ZIP code 62425.


title: Sock puppet (internet)

paragraphs: A sockpuppet is a false identity used on the Internet intended to hide a person's real identity. Another word to describe a sock puppet would be alter ego. Often, a sock puppet identity is used to promote ideas or gather intelligence anonymously. Very often, they are used by individuals on the Internet praising themselves while pretending to be someone else. Politicians have frequently been accused of using sock puppets. sockpuppets are designed to create political mischief (making fun of an opponent's position for example). It can make it appear many people hold a certain opinion, when in fact that is false. Many online communities attempt to block sockpuppets.

paragraphs: The term "sockpuppet" was used as early as July 9, 1993. By 1996 it was in general use. The "Oxford English Dictionary" at first defined it as "a person whose actions are controlled by another". In 2000 the U.S. News and World Report associated the word minion with a sock puppet. In 2006, an aide to a Republican congressman was caught posting messages on Democratic Party sites. Using a false identity the aide was trying to convince Democrats not to support a certain candidate.

paragraphs: A meatpuppet is similar to a sockpuppet, except a person joins users to a website, such as Wikipedia, to be used with sockpuppet behaviors. Such users are actually real individuals that come to support another user. If a person uses real people to create accounts that support that person's opinions, this form of meatpuppetry is often called "astroturfing", a type of false impression of support.


title: Dick Wagner

paragraphs: Richard Allen "Dick" Wagner (December 14, 1942 – July 30, 2014) was an American rock music guitarist, songwriter and author. He was best known for his work with Alice Cooper, Lou Reed, and KISS. He also fronted his own Michigan-based bands, the Frost and the Bossmen.

paragraphs: On July 30, 2014, Wagner died of respiratory failure at the age of 71. He had contracted a lung infection as a complication of recent heart surgery.


title: Dick Smith (make-up artist)

paragraphs: Richard Emerson "Dick" Smith (June 26, 1922 - July 30, 2014) was an American special effects make-up artist (nicknamed "The Godfather of Make-Up"). He was known for his work on such movies as "Little Big Man", "The Godfather", "The Exorcist", "Taxi Driver", and "Scanners".

paragraphs: He won a 1985 Academy Award for Makeup for his work on "Amadeus" and received a 2012 Honorary Academy Award for his career's work.

paragraphs: Smith died from a long-illness at the age of 92.


title: Peter Hall (planner)

paragraphs: Sir Peter Geoffrey Hall, FBA (19 March 1932 – 30 July 2014) was an English town planner and human geographer. He was the Bartlett Professor of Planning and Regeneration at The Bartlett, a Faculty of University College London. He was President of both the Town and Country Planning Association and the Regional Studies Association.

paragraphs: Hall died on 30 July 2014 at the age of 82.


title: Harun Farocki

paragraphs: Harun Farocki (January 9, 1944 - July 30, 2014) was a German filmmaker.

paragraphs: Farocki was born in Neutitschein, Sudetenland.

paragraphs: He has made over 90 movies, most of them were documentaries. Farocki studied at the Deutsche Film- und Fernsehakademie Berlin from 1966 to 1968. He was a teacher at the University of California, Berkeley from 1993 to 1999.

paragraphs: Farocki died in Berlin from an illness, aged 70.


title: Mukku Raju

paragraphs: Mukku Raju () (born Sagiraju Rajamraju) (died July 31, 2014) was a Tollywood movie actor. He started his career as choreographer but ended as an actor and has acted in over 1000 movies. He got Nandi Award for Best Character Actor in 2008 for his movie "1940 Lo Oka Gramam".

paragraphs: Raju died at the age of 83 after a short illness. His funeral will take place at Cherukuvada.


title: Kenny Ireland

paragraphs: George Ian Kenneth "Kenny" Ireland (7 August 1945 – 31 July 2014) was a Scottish actor and theatre director. He was best known to television viewers as part of Victoria Wood's "rep company" in the BBC series "Victoria Wood As Seen On TV". He played Donald in "Benidorm" from 2007 until his death in 2014.

paragraphs: Ireland died on 31 July 2014 from brain cancer, aged 68.


title: Idris Muhammad

paragraphs: Idris Muhammad (; born Leo Morris; November 13, 1939 – July 29, 2014) was an American jazz drummer who has recorded a lot of music with many artists including Ahmad Jamal, Grant Green, Grover Washington, Hank Crawford, Gene Ammons, and Houston Person.

paragraphs: Muhammad died in New Orleans, Louisiana, he was 74.


title: Nabarun Bhattacharya

paragraphs: Nabarun Bhattacharya (23 June 1948 – 31 July 2014) was an Indian Bengali writer. He was committed to a revolutionary and philosophy.

paragraphs: Bhattacharya was born at Baharampur (Berhampur), West Bengal. He was the only child of actor Bijon Bhattacharya and writer Mahashweta Devi.

paragraphs: He was known for his novel, "Herbert" (1993), which was awarded the Sahitya Akademi Award, and adapted into a movie of the same name in 2005, by Suman Mukhopadhyay.

paragraphs: Bhattacharya died of pancreatic cancer at a hospital in Kolkata on 31 July 2014, aged 66.


title: Sex and the City

paragraphs: Sex and the City is an American television romantic comedy-drama television series. It was created by Darren Star and produced by HBO. It was broadcast from 1998 until 2004.

paragraphs: The show has 94 episodes. Throughout its six-year run, it was made by various producers, writers and directors.

paragraphs: The series stars Sarah Jessica Parker, Kim Cattrall, Kristin Davis, and Cynthia Nixon. They play four friends who live in New York City.

paragraphs: The series was followed by two movies, "Sex and the City" (2008) and "Sex and the City 2" (2010) and prequel TV series "The Carrie Diaries".


title: Kristin Davis

paragraphs: Kristin Landen Davis (also listed as Kristin Lee Davis; born February 24, 1965) is an American actress.

paragraphs: She first rose to fame for playing the role of Brooke Armstrong on "Melrose Place" (1995-1996) and went on to achieve greater success as Charlotte York Goldenblatt on HBO's "Sex and the City" (1998-2004). For her role on "Sex and the City", she received an Emmy Award nomination in 2004.

paragraphs: Her movies include "Deck the Halls" (2006), "" (2008), "Couples Retreat" (2009). and "Sex and the City 2" (2010).


title: Helen Slater

paragraphs: Helen Rachel Slater (born December 15, 1963) is an American actress and singer-songwriter. She played Sandy Kessler in "Ruthless People", and Bonnie Rayburn in "City Slickers".

paragraphs: Other movies include "Supergirl" and "The Secret of My Success".

paragraphs: The actress was born in Bethpage, New York. She is of Jewish descent.


title: Jaimee Foxworth

paragraphs: Jaimee Foxworth (born December 17, 1979 in Belleville, Illinois) is an African-American actress and model.

paragraphs: She is best known for her role of Judy Winslow on the ABC/CBS sitcom "Family Matters" for four seasons (1989-1993)"." She later became a pornographic actress under the name Crave.


title: Roshumba Williams

paragraphs: Roshumba Williams (born August 1, 1968 in Chicago, Illinois, US) is an American model.

paragraphs: She first became known for her appearance in the "Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Edition" in the early 1990s. She also works as an actress and reality TV show judge. Her career began in 1987.


title: Heather Kuzmich

paragraphs: Heather Kuzmich (born April 19, 1986) is an American fashion model. She lives in Chicago, Illinois, where she is studying video game design. She is best known for being a contestant of "America's Next Top Model, Cycle 9", in which she was the fourth runner-up of the show.

paragraphs: During the show, it was revealed that Kuzmich has Asperger syndrome and ADHD.


title: Jorge Jacobson

paragraphs: Jorge Alberto Jacobson (25 February 1936 – 31 July 2014) was an Argentine radio and television journalist and newscaster. He was anchor of Telefe Noticias from 1997 to 2010 and as host in AM Del Plata, Radio 10 and Radio Continental. He was of Jewish descent.

paragraphs: Jacobson died from a heart attack in Buenos Aires, aged 78.


title: Gogó Andreu

paragraphs: Ricardo César Andreu (27 July 1919 – 1 May 2012) was an Argentine actor, comedian and musician. He was known for his roles in "Crosswords" (2003), "India pravile" (2003), and in "Gemini" (2005).

paragraphs: Andreu was born in a family of actors. When he was 12 years old the tango singer José Razzano, brought him to the Broadway theatre where he met Carlos Gardel.

paragraphs: Andreu died in Buenos Aires from respiratory failure, aged 92.


title: Ontario Highway 6

paragraphs: Ontario Highway 6 is a provincial highway in Ontario, Canada. It is 472.4 kilometers (293.5 miles) long. It starts in the community of Port Dover and ends at the Trans-Canada Highway (Ontario Highway 17) in Baldwin, Ontario. The highway is divided into two parts. A ferry runs between one end in Tobermory, on the northern tip of the Bruce Peninsula, and the other in Tehkummah, on Manitoulin Island.

paragraphs: Work on the highway started in 1919 and was finished in 1923.


title: Javier Portales

paragraphs: Javier Portales (Miguel Ángel Álvarez; 21 April 1937 - 14 October 2003) was an Argentine actor with work in television, movie and theater. He was known for his role in the 1962 movie "Una Jaula no tiene secretos".


title: Abel Santa Cruz

paragraphs: Abel Santa Cruz (1915 - February 4, 1995 in Buenos Aires) was a major Argentine screenwriter. He has been thanked for writing nearly 130 movies spanning seven decades of Argentine cinema.

paragraphs: Santa Cruz first wrote the script for a movie called "Un Señor mucamo" in 1940. Ten years later in 1950 that his career had a breakthrough with his adaption of the Oscar Wilde play, The Importance of Being Earnest in "Al compás de tu mentira".

paragraphs: In 1963 he wrote the script to the gangster comedy "Alias Flequillo". In 1969 he wrote the script to the Fernando Ayala movie "El Profesor Hippie".


title: Juan Carlos Altavista

paragraphs: Juan Carlos Altavista (Buenos Aires, January 4, 1929 - July 20, 1989) was an Argentine actor and comedian. He was known for his roles in "Mingo y Anibal, dos pelotazos en contra" (1984), "Mingo y Aníbal contra los fantasmas" (1985), and in "Mingo y Aníbal en la mansión embrujada" (1986).

paragraphs: Altavista died in Buenos Aires on 20 July 1989, due to Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, aged 60.


title: Luminous paint

paragraphs: Luminous paint or luminescent paint is a kind of paint that gives off visible light and that glows in the dark. There are several ways this can be done:


title: National Holiday (Quebec)

paragraphs: National Holiday of Quebec () is the official national holiday in the Canadian province of Quebec celebrating its national culture and language. It takes place annually on June 24th.


title: Harald Fairhair

paragraphs: Harald Fairhair (c. 850 – c. 932) was the first King of Norway. According to traditions today in Norway and Iceland, during the 12th and 13th centuries, he was king from 872 to 930. Most of what we know about him comes from several sagas, written up to three centuries after he died.

paragraphs: He was the son of Halvdan the Black. Harald was the first petty king to gain control of the coastal areas of Norway. After the battle of Hafrsfjord in 872 Harald became king of most of Norway. It was the last of a series of battles between Harald and other feudal states in Norway.

paragraphs: Because of Skaldic poems (poems honouring heroes in Scandinavia), we know that he was successful in fighting against his opponents in Norway. Eric Bloodaxe and Haakon the Good, his two sons, became King after he died of old age.

paragraphs: Fairhair may have had as many as 11-20 sons according to different Sagas. Twelve of them became Kings and were all assigned land.


title: One Wall Centre

paragraphs: One Wall Centre, also known as the Sheraton Vancouver Wall Centre Hotel, is a mixed-use skyscraper in Downtown Vancouver, British Columbia. From 2001 to 2008, it was Vancouver's tallest building until the Living Shangri-La was built. The tower has 25 hotel floors in the lower levels with 344 rooms and 17 condo floors in the upper levels with 74 units. There are another 389 hotel rooms that are found in the connected Sheraton Wall Centre Hotel. In 2001, the building was awarded the Emporis Skyscraper Award for Best New Skyscraper.

paragraphs: The building was featured in the 2006 movie "" as the Worthington labs building that they used to give "the cure" to the mutants.


title: Berkley Bedell

paragraphs: Berkley Warren Bedell (March 5, 1921 – December 7, 2019) was an American politician. He was a U.S. Representative from Iowa. He served as representatives from 1975 to 1987. Bedell was a Democrat and supported Barack Obama in 2012. He was an active critic on Ronald Reagan during his presidency.

paragraphs: Bedell died in Naples, Florida on December 7, 2019 of a stroke-related problems, aged 98.


title: Jennifer Esposito

paragraphs: Jennifer Esposito (born April 11, 1973) is an American actress, dancer and model. She was known for her appearances in the movies "I Still Know What You Did Last Summer", "Summer of Sam", and "Crash", and in the television series "Spin City", "The Looney Tunes Show", "Samantha Who?", and "Blue Bloods".


title: Valyantsin Byalkevich

paragraphs: Valyantsin Byalkevich (; 27 January 1973 – 1 August 2014), also sometimes spelled "Valiantsin Bialkevich") was a Belarusian football player. He is known for being a member of the Ukrainian club Dynamo Kyiv from 1996 to 2008 and their all-time leader in assists.

paragraphs: Byalkevich died on 1 August 2014, after suffering from a blood clot.


title: Tavernier, Florida

paragraphs: Tavernier is a census-designated place (CDP) and Unincorporated community in Monroe County, Florida, on Key Largo. It is the largest island in the upper Florida Keys. Tavernier's population was 2,173 at the 2000 census.


title: Patricia Barry

paragraphs: Patricia Barry (November 16, 1922 – October 11, 2016) was an American movie and television actress and philanthropist. She was known for her roles in "Riders of the Whistling Pines", "Dear Heart", "Send Me No Flowers", "Safe at Home!", and in "Sea of Love".

paragraphs: Barry was nominated for an Emmy Award three times during her career. She retired in 2001.

paragraphs: Barry was born in Davenport, Iowa. She studied at Stephens College. Barry married Philip Barry, Jr. in 1950. They had two children. Philip Barry died in 1998.

paragraphs: Barry died on October 11, 2016 at her home in Los Angeles, California from natural causes, aged 93.


title: Richard Anderson

paragraphs: Richard Norman Anderson (August 8, 1926 – August 31, 2017) was an American actor in movie and television. His best-known role was that of Oscar Goldman, the boss of Steve Austin and Jaime Sommers in both television series "The Six Million Dollar Man" and "The Bionic Woman".

paragraphs: Anderson died on August 31, 2017 in Beverly Hills, California of congestive heart failure, aged 91.


title: Earl Holliman

paragraphs: Earl Holliman (born September 11, 1928) is an American actor. Holliman was known for his roles in "Forbidden Planet", "Giant", "Gunfight at the O.K. Corral", and in "The Sons of Katie Elder". He won a Golden Globe Award in 1956.


title: Jan Roar Leikvoll

paragraphs: Jan Roar Leikvoll (7 June 1974 – 1 August 2014) was a Norwegian author. He was born in Bergen.

paragraphs: Leikvoll made his debut in 2008 with the novel "A Winter Story", followed by "The Violins" (2010), "The Bovara Monastery" (2012) and "The Songbird in 2013".

paragraphs: He was awarded Nynorsk Literature Prize for The Violins and Stig Sæterbakkens memorial prize for his three first novels. Leikvoll died on 1 August 2014 from a brain tumor, aged 40.


title: Byron White

paragraphs: Byron Raymond White (June 8, 1917 – April 15, 2002) was an American judge and former football player. he served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. He was appointed to the court by President John F. Kennedy in 1962. He retired in 1993.

paragraphs: Before becoming an associate justice, White played for the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1938 and for the Detroit Lions from 1940 to 1941. He played as a halfback.

paragraphs: White died in Denver, Colorado from pneumonia, aged 84.


title: Brisbane Roar F.C.

paragraphs: Brisbane Roar F.C. is a professional soccer club from Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It competes in the A-League, under license from Football Federation Australia (FFA). Roar entered the competition as Queensland Roar FC. They won two league Premierships and three Championships. It has competed in two AFC Champions League competitions. Brisbane Roar holds the record for the longest unbeaten run at the top level of any Australian football code, with 36 league matches without defeat. Brisbane Roar are also the first and only club to win two straght A-League championships.


title: Western Sydney Wanderers F.C.

paragraphs: Western Sydney Wanderers F.C. is an Australian professional soccer club from Western Sydney, New South Wales. It competes in the A-League, under license from Football Federation Australia (FFA).


title: Central Coast Mariners F.C.

paragraphs: Central Coast Mariners FC is an Australian professional soccer club from the Central Coast of New South Wales. It competes in the A-League, under licence from Football Federation Australia (FFA).


title: Travis Tritt

paragraphs: James Travis Tritt (born February 9, 1963 in Marietta, GA) is an American country music singer. He is best known for his bluesy, rock-and-roll country songs. In the 1990s he had three number one hits and a string of platinum albums.


title: Manfred Roeder

paragraphs: Manfred Roeder (6 February 1929 – 30 July 2014) was a German lawyer, Wehrmacht soldier, prominent Holocaust denier and convicted extreme-right activist.

paragraphs: Roeder was born in Berlin. He fought in World War II in 1945. In 1997, he stood as the NPD candidate (a far-right party) for Stralsund in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern during the parliamentary elections, promoting himself as "Chancellor alternative 1998", but was unsuccessful.

paragraphs: Roeder died in Neukirchen on 30 July 2014 at the age of 85.


title: Monty M. Wyche

paragraphs: Monty Meares Wyche (December 4, 1926–July 28, 2014) was an American judge. He was a judge of the Louisiana 26th Judicial District Court based in Benton. He served from 1969 to 1988.

paragraphs: Wyche had jurisdiction in both Bossier and Webster parishes in the northwestern portion of his state.

paragraphs: Wyche died in Shreveport, Louisiana from a long-illness, aged 86.


title: Liberal Democratic Party (Australia)

paragraphs: The Liberal Democratic Party (abbreviation as LDP or called the Liberal Democrats) is a political party in Australia. It is a libertarian party. It was started in 2001.

paragraphs: The party has one senator, David Leyonhjelm, in the Australian Senate. It also also has two representatives at the local government level in New South Wales.


title: Australian Country Alliance

paragraphs: The Australian Country Alliance (or ACA) is a small political party in Victoria, Australia. It was started in 2004 as an alternative to the National Party in Victoria. In 2014, the Victoria branch of the Katter's Australian Party merged with the Country Alliance.


title: Government of New Zealand

paragraphs: The Government of New Zealand is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy. It is based on the Westminster system.

paragraphs: The head of state in New Zealand is the monarch of the United Kingdom. The monarch is represented by the Governor-General. The head of government is the Prime Minister. He is also a member of the Parliament of New Zealand. The current head of state is Queen Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand; the current Prime Minister is Jacinda Ardern. The Prime Minister is the leader of the Cabinet.

paragraphs: New Zealand has been a self-governing country since 1853.


title: New Zealand Parliament

paragraphs: The New Zealand Parliament is the legislature of New Zealand. Currently, it has only one chamber, the House of Representatives, which has 120 members.

paragraphs: The parliament was created by the British parliament with the New Zealand Constitution Act 1852. It used to have an upper chamber, the New Zealand Legislative Council, but it was abolished in 1962. There have been several proposals to create a new upper chamber but none have passed into law.


title: Wong Tai Sin Temple (Hong Kong)

paragraphs: Wong Tai Sin Temple (黃大仙祠, or literally: "the Temple for Big Deity Wong") is a famous temple in Kowloon, Hong Kong. She sits on land of about 18,000 m². This temple holds statue of Wong Chor Ping (黃初平) - a well-known celebrity of southern-China during East Jin Dynasty's time.


title: Wong Tai Sin Temple (Guangzhou)

paragraphs: Wong Tai Sin Temple () is a Taoist temple in Huadi County, Fangcun District, Guangzhou. It is dedicated to the Chinese deity Wong Tai Sin. It is a major tourist attraction. This temple is very famous in the Pearl River Delta.


title: Springfield, Ohio

paragraphs: Springfield is a city in southwestern Ohio. At the 2010 United States Census, 60,608 people lived there. It is the county seat of Clark County.

paragraphs: The city was founded in 1801. It was incorporated in 1827 as a village, and as a city in 1850.


title: Knowledge of results

paragraphs: Knowledge of results is a term in the psychology of learning. A psychology dictionary defines it as feedback of information:

paragraphs: It describes the situation where a subject gets information which helps them to change behaviour in a desirable way, or to gain understanding. A primitive example is avoiding a behaviour after punishment. An advanced example is the way a human may improve understanding and behaviour after a teacher explains what was wrong with the previous effort.

paragraphs: There are a number of similar terms in psychology, but all of them have some problems.

paragraphs: So, knowledge of results, or sometimes "immediate" knowledge of results, is a useful term. It can be used for any learning where a student (or any animal) gets information after the action. The information is about how satisfactory the action is.

paragraphs: An early experiment on knowledge of results was the machine invented by Sidney Pressey, where a device both tested and taught multiple-choice questions. Note that this method tells the user (by inference) only whether the choice was correct or not. Since the material was multiple choice items, it was only intended as an addition to collecting classroom test scores.

paragraphs: Later work in training research and education used the term "knowledge of results" frequently.

paragraphs: An important question was whether scores would be improved more if direct teaching was given either before or after the question was asked. The answer in both cases was (broadly) yes. Using instructional films, Michael and Maccoby split groups into two halves. Half the students were given material which required active, explicit responses. After a pause, they were told the correct answer. The other half was not given feedback. Instructional time was identical. The result showed a "slight but significant gain" for the active-response procedure without feedback, but more gain when feedback was provided. The experimenters later described this as "KCR" rather than "feedback". Research on the active response itself is summarised in . Later discussion of experiments like these suggested that the results might be due to practice rather than feedback. Undoubtedly, the set-up had given extra practice on the questions as well as knowledge of results. In technical terms, the experiments had confounded the two factors.

paragraphs: Another factor is that knowledge of results may give information to the instructor as to ways the material can be improved. Using a teaching program on decimal arithmetic, an experienced teacher can put student mistakes into types. For example, one group of mistakes are due to the learners not understanding the rules about placement of the point in decimal multiplication. This shows where and how the learning material needs to be revised.

paragraphs: Conscious thought is not necessary for knowledge of results to have its effect. Research on implicit learning shows that complex information can be got by humans without their awareness. This is also shown by experiments on animal learning which show the effects of knowledge of results on later behaviour. It seems likely that unconscious learning by results evolved first in early metazoa, and conscious thought very much later. This is what Reber calls the "primacy of the implicit", meaning implicit (unconscious) learning came first in evolution.


title: Break Free (song)

paragraphs: "Break Free" is a song by American recording artist Ariana Grande. It features Russian-German musician and producer Zedd. The song is the second single from Ariana Grande's second studio album "My Everything" (2014). It premiered on July 2, 2014 on "Total Ariana Live", which is a revival of the MTV show "Total Request Live", and was released later that day.

paragraphs: "Break Free" made its premiere during the one-day revival of the MTV show "Total Request Live" in a half-hour special titled "Total Ariana Live" on July 2, 2014. Hours after the song's premiere, it was released several hours later. It soon reached number one on the iTunes sales chart.

paragraphs: The music video made its premiere on YouTube on August 12, 2014. It happened an hour after its official announcement was made. It premiered on television three days later on Disney Channel during the premiere of the original movie "How to Build a Better Boy".

paragraphs: The plot consists of Grande on a fictional planet giving up her allegiance to an evil regime and freeing a group of prisoners from their cages. She is then attacked by a giant robot and the planet's overlord. Her character succeeds in killing the villain, and the clip ends with Grande and the prisoners she rescued flying away in a spaceship. The song's producer Zedd makes an appearance.


title: Metatarsal bones

paragraphs: The metatarsus or metatarsal bones are a group of five long bones in the foot. They are between the tarsal bones of the hind and mid-foot and the phalanges of the toes.

paragraphs: The metatarsal bones are numbered from the side of the large toe: the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth metatarsal. They can be numbered with Roman numerals. The metatarsals are like the metacarpal bones of the hand.

paragraphs: The metatarsal bones are often broken by soccer players. This may be caused by the lightweight design of modern football boots, which give less protection to the foot. In 2010 some soccer players began testing a new sock that had a rubber silicon pad over the foot to protect the top of the foot.


title: Michelle Jenneke

paragraphs: Michelle "Shelly" Jenneke (; born on June 23, 1993) is an Australian hurdler and model, who won a silver medal for the 100 meters hurdles at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics. She became well known in 2012 for her dancing before a race.

paragraphs: Jenneke was born in Kenthurst, New South Wales, Australia. She went to The Hills Grammar School. She likes Australian rules football, soccer and handball.

paragraphs: She is learning engineering at Sydney University.

paragraphs: Jenneke has worked with coach Mick Zisti since she was 10 years old at the Cherrybrook Athletics Club. She ran at the 2008 Pacific School Games in the 90 and 200 meters hurdles.

paragraphs: In March 2010, Jenneke won 1st place in the 100 m hurdles and broke the Australian record in the women's sprint medley relay at the 2010 Australian Junior Championships. She ran in the 2011 Pirtek Athletic Allstars event. In July 2010, Jenneke was in Australia's team at the 2010 Singapore Youth Olympic Games, running the 100 meter hurdles and the women's medley relay. In the hurdles, she came in second place with a time of 13.56 seconds, which the fastest she had ever run, and the medley relay team finished in fourth place. Her medal was the first Australia won at the Games in her sport.

paragraphs: In 2011, she ran at the Cooks Classic in New Zealand. At the 2011 Australian Junior Championships, she won first place in hurdles for runners under 20 years old. In April 2011 she ran at the 89th Australian Athletics Championships and came in third place in the 100 meter hurdles behind the world champion Sally Pearson.

paragraphs: On July 15, 2012, Jenneke came in fifth place in the 2012 IAAF World Junior Championships 100 meter hurdles. After the race, a video of her running was put on a video website, and she became well known around the world.

paragraphs: Jenneke was on Australia's 2014 Commonwealth Games team.

paragraphs: In those 2014 Commonwealth Games she set a new personal best time in a race, running it in 13.33 seconds and was 5th place in the final race with a time of 13.36 seconds. Jenneke was the youngest runner in the final race.

paragraphs: In July 2012 videos of Jenneke dancing before a race at the 2012 World Junior Championships in Athletics in Barcelona went viral on YouTube. One clip received 19 million views by the following week and was featured on the American late night talk show, "The Tonight Show".

paragraphs: Jenneke was in a short funny video made by the website The Chive called "Forever Alone Meets Michelle Jenneke", being herself talking about her viral race video. The "Forever Alone" video had received over ten million views on YouTube by 2014.

paragraphs: In January 2013 Jenneke was tenth on AskMen.com's 99 Most Desirable Women 2013. She was one of the athletes featured in the 2013 "Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue".

paragraphs: In 2014 Jenneke was featured in a mobile phone application on stretching techniques called "Stretch with Michelle Jenneke".


title: Michael Johns (singer)

paragraphs: Michael John Lee (20 October 1978 – 1 August 2014), better known by his stage name Michael Johns, was an Australian singer-songwriter. He was best known for finishing in eighth place on the seventh season of the U.S. television series, "American Idol", in 2008.

paragraphs: Johns was born in Perth, Western Australia. He moved to the United States in 1997. He married Stacey Vuduris in 2007.

paragraphs: Johns died from an ankle blood clot and cardiomyopathy on 1 August 2014 in Tustin, California. He was 35. He was later cremated and his remains were sent back to his native Australia.


title: Warren Bennis

paragraphs: Warren Gamaliel Bennis (March 8, 1925 – July 31, 2014) was an American scholar, organizational consultant and author. He is thought to be a pioneer of Leadership studies. Bennis was a University Professor and Distinguished Professor of Business Administration and Founding Chairman of The Leadership Institute at the University of Southern California.

paragraphs: Bennis died in Los Angeles, California, aged 89.


title: Harvey Samuel Firestone

paragraphs: Harvey Samuel Firestone (December 20, 1868 – February 7, 1938) was an American businessman. He was the founder of the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company, one of the first global makers of automobile tires.

paragraphs: Firestone died peacefully at his vacation home in Miami Beach, Florida at the age of 69 from coronary thrombosis.


title: Columbiana, Ohio

paragraphs: Columbiana is a city in Columbiana and Mahoning Counties in the U.S. state of Ohio. The population was 6,384 at the 2010 census.


title: House of Representatives of New Zealand

paragraphs: The House of Representatives of New Zealand is the only chamber of the New Zealand legislature. The House and the Queen of New Zealand form the Parliament of New Zealand. There are 120 people who are elected to the House, who are called Members of Parliament.

paragraphs: New Zealand follows the Westminster system of government. It is governed by a cabinet and Prime Minister, who are from the party which has a majority in the House of Representatives.

paragraphs: Usually, there are no more than three years between elections in New Zealand. The last elections were in 2011. The next elections are scheduled for 20 September 2014.


title: C. K. Fauver

paragraphs: Clayton King Fauver (August 1, 1872 – March 3, 1942) was an American football coach during the late 19th century.

paragraphs: In 1895, he became the first paid coach at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio. In 1896, Fauver served as the head coach at Oberlin College, compiling a record of 5–3–1. Fauver was also a Major League pitcher for the Louisville Colonels.

paragraphs: Fauver died from coronary thrombosis in Chatsworth, Georgia, aged 69.


title: New Zealand Labour Party

paragraphs: The New Zealand Labour Party is a social democratic political party in New Zealand. It is one of the two major parties in New Zealand politics. It was started in 1916, which makes it the oldest of New Zealand's political parties. It is currently the ruling party since 2017.

paragraphs: From the 2008 general elections through 2017 general elections, the Labour Party was the second largest party in the House of Representatives of New Zealand and was the official opposition. The current leader of the party is Jacinda Ardern since August 2017 and she was elected Prime Minister of New Zealand in October 2017.


title: Nelson, New Zealand

paragraphs: Nelson is a city on New Zealand's South Island. It is on the eastern side of Tasman Bay. It was founded in 1841 and is New Zealand's second oldest city and the oldest city on the South Island. It has a population of 46,437. Abel Tasman National Park, Kahurangi National Park, and Nelson Lakes National Park are all near the city.

paragraphs: The city was named in honor of the British Admiral Horatio Nelson. He defeated both the French and Spanish fleets at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805. Nelson's Māori name was Whakatū. It meant to "build', "raise", or "establish".

paragraphs: Early settlement of Nelson began in the 1300s by the Māori. The region was lived in by the Māori. But there were no permanent settlements in the area until the first Europeans arrived in the early 1840s. Queen Victoria made it the seat of an Anglican Bishopric in 1858 and Nelson became a city. The city grew slowly until the 1950s when it developed suburbs. Nelson remains a compact city with most attractions within walking distance. The city's main landmark is Christ Church Cathedral, on Church Hill.


title: Diocese of Edmonton

paragraphs: The Diocese of Edmonton is a diocese of the Anglican Church of Canada. It is part of the Ecclesiastical Province of Rupert's Land. It covers the central part of Alberta and the headquaters of the diocese is in Edmonton.

paragraphs: The diocese was created in 1913 from part of the Diocese of Calgary. The current bishop of the diocese is Jane Alexander, who became bishop in 2008. The diocese's cathedral is All Saints' Anglican Cathedral in Edmonton.


title: Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Edmonton

paragraphs: The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Edmonton is a Roman Catholic archdiocese in Alberta. It was created in 1912. The archdiocese covers Central Alberta, Edmonton Capital Region, and the middle and upper half of the Alberta's Rockies region. It has 129 parishes. The archdiocese's cathedral is St. Joseph's Basilica in Edmonton.

paragraphs: The archdiocese has two suffragan dioceses, both located in Alberta: the Diocese of Calgary and the Diocese of Saint Paul.

paragraphs: The current archbishop of Edmonton is Richard William Smith, since 2008.


title: Andrew Edward McKeever

paragraphs: Andrew Edward McKeever DSO, MC & Bar, DFC (21 August 1894 – 25 December 1919) was a Canadian World War I two-seater flying ace. He is thought to have won 31 battles. He was the highest scoring two seater fighter pilot in the Royal Flying Corps or Royal Air Force.


title: Thrombosis

paragraphs: Thrombosis (Greek: θρόμβωσις) is the formation of a blood clot (thrombus; Greek: θρόμβος) inside a blood vessel, blocking the flow of blood through the circulatory system. When a blood vessel is injured, the body uses platelets (thrombocytes) and fibrin to form a blood clot to prevent blood loss.


title: Al Brady

paragraphs: Al Brady (October 25, 1910 – October 12, 1937) was an armed robber and murderer. He became one of the FBI's "Public Enemies" in the 1930s. He and a partner in crime were shot dead in an ambush by FBI agents in downtown Bangor, Maine in 1937.

paragraphs: Al Brady was born in Indiana in 1910. Both his parents died while he was still young. At age 18, he committed his first robbery in Indianapolis, Indiana. He was shot and wounded. After getting out of jail, he got together with a gang. Using guns, they stole cars and robbed places in Indiana; mostly grocery stores. They murdered a 23-year-old Indianapolis store clerk. Then they killed an Indianapolis policeman. After probably killing another police officer, the gang was put in jail in 1936. Brady and some of the gang escaped from jail and robbed a bank in Goodland, Indiana. While running away, they killed one policeman and injured another.

paragraphs: Brady and his gang ended up hiding out in Bangor, Maine. They had about $5,000 left from their robberies. Brady thought Maine would be an easy place to get guns and ammunition without questions being asked. This was because there are many deer and bear hunters in the area.

paragraphs: In Bangor, Brady began trying to buy automatic weapons at Dakin's Sporting Goods store, in downtown Bangor. On Sept. 21, 1937, Brady asked the owner, Everett Hurd, for 500 rounds of 30 calibre ammunition. Seeing a large amount of cash, the store owner became suspicious. Hurd called the police after taking their order. He told them to return in a few weeks to pick up their guns.

paragraphs: Brady and his gang came back to the store on October 12, 1937. Many FBI agents were waiting in ambush, inside the store and across the street. One of the gang was caught by an FBI agent in the store. Brady and the other one drew their weapons in the street. They were shot down in a lot of gunfire.

paragraphs: Brady was killed by FBI agent Walter Walsh. Walsh was wounded, and recovered. He lived to be the FBI's oldest retired Special Agent.

paragraphs: Pictures of the bodies lying dead in the middle of the downtown street became locally famous. For many years, they could be looked at in Dakin's store. In the pictures, a large crowd of people is shown. It was Columbus Day, so people were already lining the streets to see a parade before the shooting began.

paragraphs: No one came to get Brady's body, because he did not have any family. He was buried in a grave without a headstone at Mount Hope Cemetery in Bangor. In 2007, the grave was finally marked with a stone, with a short funeral.


title: Jennifer Morrison

paragraphs: Jennifer Marie Morrison (born April 12, 1979) is an American actress, movie producer and model. She played Emma Swan in ABC's "Once Upon a Time". She also played Dr. Allison Cameron in the series "House".


title: Anne Parillaud

paragraphs: Anne Parillaud (b. 6 May 1960) is a French actress. She has appeared in over 30 movies since 1977. She played Nikita in the movie "Nikita". She also played Marie in the horror movie "Innocent Blood".


title: Civil disobedience act

paragraphs: In December 1929, the Indian National Congress Party agreed to start a movement for complete independence from British rule. The Party decided to start a movement named to disobey British rule. It became the civil disobedience movement. They decided to observe 26th January 1930 as the complete Independence Day. Many other political parties and revolutionaries came together to support this movement. Gandhi started this movement. Thus the civil disobedience movement began, and it soon spread throughout India. Indians started to break unfair laws in a peaceful manner in protest against the British rule.


title: Miyamoto Musashi

paragraphs: Miyamoto Musashi (c. 1584 – June 13, 1645), was also known as Shinmen Takezō, Miyamoto Bennosuke or, by his Buddhist name, Niten Dōraku. He was a Japanese Samurai and rōnin. Even from a young age Musashi became well known for his excellent swordsmanship and won some sixty duels. He always had money and had a number of other rōnins as followers. Musashi is best known as the author of The Book of Five Rings. It is a book on strategy, tactics, and philosophy. The book is very popular in modern Japan and the western world among successful business people.


title: Osamu Dazai

paragraphs: Osamu Dazai (June 19, 1909 – June 13, 1948), was a Japanese author. Dazai was born Tsushima Shūji in Aomori, northeastern Japan. He is best known for his novels "The Setting Sun" (1947) and "No Longer Human" (1948). Dazai wrote a number of novels about the meaning of life, pessimism and alcoholism based on his own private life. Dazai remains the most popular author among Japanese college students.

paragraphs: On June 13 1948, he killed himself with his beloved woman friend. His corps was discoved on June 19, his birthday, of the same year.


title: Barbara Lawrence

paragraphs: Barbara Lawrence (February 24, 1930 – November 13, 2013) was an American actress, writer, real estate businessperson and model. She played Gertie Cummings in the movie version of "Oklahoma!". She also played Marybelle in "Margie". In 1962, after retiring from acting, she worked in real estate.

paragraphs: Lawrence was born in Carnegie, Oklahoma and died of kidney failure in Los Angeles.


title: Patricia Anthony

paragraphs: Patricia Anthony (January 3, 1947 – August 2, 2013) was an American science fiction and slipstream author. She published her first science fiction novel, "Cold Allies", in 1992. Other novels include "The Happy Policeman" and "Brother Termite".

paragraphs: She was born in San Antonio, Texas. She died at age sixty-six.


title: Marian McPartland

paragraphs: Marian McPartland (born Margaret Turner; 20 March 1918 – 20 August 2013) was an English composer, writer and jazz pianist. She was the host of "Marian McPartland's Piano Jazz" on National Public Radio between 1978 and 2011.

paragraphs: McPartland was born in Slough, Buckinghamshire. She died at 95 of natural causes in Port Washington, New York.


title: Swordsmanship

paragraphs: Swordsmanship refers to the skills of a "swordsman". It is a modern term mainly used to refer to small sword fencing. But it can also be applied to any martial art involving the use of a sword. The English word "swordsman" is parallel to the Latin word "gladiator". This was a professional fighter who fought against other fighters and others for the entertainment of spectators in the Roman Colosseum. The word "gladiator" itself comes from the Latin word "gladius", meaning "sword".

paragraphs: Japan's greatest swordsman, Miyamoto Musashi won sixty duels. His classic book on swordsmanship is called the Book of Five Rings, written about 1645.

paragraphs: William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke was called "the greatest knight who ever lived". He was one of England's greatest swordsmen.

paragraphs: Guy Chabot, Seigneur de Jarnac was famous as France's finest swordsman. He won by a slashing blow to his opponent's buttocks so he could no longer stand. Winning a duel using this method has since been called a "coup de Jarnac".

paragraphs: Italo Santelli was a great Italian fencing master (teacher). His fencing styles made Italians the best swordsmen in Europe by the end of the 19th century. He established and taught fencing in Hungary for over fifty years. By the 20th century his Hungarian fencers were the best in Europe. He was given a knighthood for his contributions to the sport in Hungary.


title: Barry Diamond

paragraphs: Barry Diamond is an American comedian. He was born in the Bronx, New York City. He released "Fighter Pilot", on IRS Records in 1983. He is also a stand up comedian.

paragraphs: He has also acted in some films and television sitcoms.


title: Nina Bawden

paragraphs: Nina Bawden (19 January 1925 – 22 August 2012) was a British children's writer. She wrote many books, including "On the Run" (1964) and "Carrie's War" (1973).

paragraphs: Bawden was born in Ilford, Essex. On 22 August 2012 she died at her home in London.


title: Don Edwards

paragraphs: William Donlon "Don" Edwards (January 6, 1915 – October 1, 2015) was an American politician of the Democratic Party. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives from California.

paragraphs: Edwards studied at Stanford University. He was an FBI agent from 1940-1941. He then fought in World War II.

paragraphs: The Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge is named after him.

paragraphs: Edwards turned 100 in January 2015. He died later that year on October 1, 2015 in Carmel, California.


title: The Fighter

paragraphs: The Fighter is a 2010 biographical, sports and drama movie. This movie is about professional boxing. Amy Adams plays Charlene. Melissa Leo plays Alice.

paragraphs: Leo received an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress in 2011.

paragraphs: This movie was released on December 10, 2010 in the United States.


title: Don Edwards (singer)

paragraphs: Don Edwards (born March 20, 1939 in Boonton, New Jersey) is an American singer and guitarist. He performs Western music.

paragraphs: Edwards has recorded several albums, two of which, "Saddle Songs" and "Songs of the Cowboy", are included in the Folklore Archives of the Library of Congress. Edwards also performs the song "Coyotes" that plays during the final minutes of the documentary "Grizzly Man".

paragraphs: In 2005, Edwards was inducted into the Western Music Association Hall of Fame.


paragraphs: Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge (DESFBANWR) is a US National Wildlife Refuge located in the southern part of San Francisco Bay, California. The Refuge headquarters and visitor center is located in the Baylands district of Fremont, next to Coyote Hills Regional Park, in Alameda County. The visitor center is on Marshlands Rd, off Thornton Ave. It was founded in 1974.

paragraphs: The Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge is one of six wildlife refuges in the San Francisco Bay Area.

paragraphs: It was renamed Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge in 1995 in recognition of Congressman Don Edwards and his efforts to protect sensitive wetlands in south San Francisco Bay.


title: Happy Tears

paragraphs: Happy Tears is a comedy-drama movie of 2009. The movie is about sisters who help their crude though endearing father.

paragraphs: The movie was filmed in and around Philadelphia.

paragraphs: It was released in the United States in 2010.


title: Donald E. Edwards

paragraphs: Major General Donald E. "Don" Edwards (June 15, 1937 – August 16, 2018) was an American general and civil servant. He was the Adjutant General of the State of Vermont. Edwards was born in Bellows Falls, Vermont.

paragraphs: He as the senior uniformed officer in the state and responsible for the organization, training and equipping of nearly 4,000 members of the Vermont Army and Air National Guard.

paragraphs: From 1975 to 1981, he was a member of the Vermont House of Representatives as a Democrat.

paragraphs: His position as Adjutant General also included appointment as Inspector General and Quartermaster General, and head of the State Military Department, including the Veterans Affairs office.

paragraphs: Edwards served as President of the Adjutants General Association of the United States and was a Vice President of the National Guard Association of the United States.

paragraphs: Edwards lived in South Bristol, Maine and Ashburn, Virginia. He died on August 16, 2018 in South Bristol from respiratory failure at the age of 81.


title: Ronald

paragraphs: Ronald is a masculine given name. Other common forms are Ron, Ronny and Ronnie.


title: The Bounty Hunter (movie)

paragraphs: The Bounty Hunter is a comedy-action movie of 2010. The movie is about a bounty hunter. He has to retrieve his ex-wife because she didn't go to court after paying bail. Gerard Butler plays Milo Boyd. Jennifer Aniston plays Nicole.

paragraphs: This movie got bad reviews from the critics. It made money anyway.


title: Indiana, Pennsylvania

paragraphs: Indiana is a borough in and the county seat of Indiana County in the U.S. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. The population was 13,975 at the 2010 census. It is the birthplace of actor James Stewart.


title: Rex (dog)

paragraphs: Rex (December 16, 1984 – August 31, 1998) was a Cavalier King Charles Spaniel. He was owned by Ronald Reagan and his wife Nancy during his term as President of the United States.

paragraphs: After Reagan left office, Rex lived to the age of 13 with the Reagan family before being euthanized after developing an enlarged heart.


title: Rancho del Cielo

paragraphs: Rancho del Cielo is a 688 acre estate and a ranch that was owned by President Ronald Reagan. It is located at Santa Barbara, California, USA.


title: George Freese

paragraphs: George Walter Freese (September 12, 1926 – July 27, 2014) was an American baseball player. He was third baseman in Major League Baseball. He played for the Detroit Tigers in 1953, Pittsburgh Pirates in 1955 and Chicago Cubs in 1961. Freese attended West Virginia University, where he played college baseball for the Mountaineers in 1947.

paragraphs: He was later a member of the Cubs coaching staff from 1964–1965 and a minor league manager for the Bakersfield Dodgers in 1973-1974.

paragraphs: The older brother of MLB third baseman Gene Freese, George Freese lived in Portland, Oregon, where he played three years of minor league baseball for the Portland Beavers. He was inducted into the Oregon Sports Hall of Fame in 2008.

paragraphs: Freese died in Portland, Oregon, aged 87.


title: Jaan Arder

paragraphs: Jaan Arder (February 26, 1952, Tallinn – July 24, 2014) was an Estonian singer. He was a member of the rock band Apelsin and the early music ensemble Hortus Musicus.

paragraphs: His older brother Ott Arder was a poet, children's writer and translator.

paragraphs: Arder died in Tallinn from cancer, aged 62.


title: Paul Samuelson

paragraphs: Paul Anthony Samuelson (May 15, 1915 – December 13, 2009) was an American economist of Jewish descent. He was the first American to win the Nobel Prize in Economics.

paragraphs: The Swedish Royal Academies stated, when awarding the prize, that he "has done more than any other contemporary economist to raise the level of scientific analysis in economic theory".

paragraphs: Economic historian Randall E. Parker calls him the "Father of Modern Economics", and "The New York Times" thinks of him to be the "foremost academic economist of the 20th century".

paragraphs: Samuelson died after a brief illness on December 13, 2009, at the age of 94.


title: Belmont, Massachusetts

paragraphs: Belmont is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, a suburb of Boston. It is part of the Boston metropolitan area. Its population was 24,729 at the 2010 census.


title: Vasculitis

paragraphs: Vasculitis (plural: "vasculitides") is a group of disorders that destroy blood vessels by inflammation. Both arteries and veins are affected. Lymphangitis is sometimes considered a type of vasculitis. Vasculitis is primarily caused by leukocyte migration and resultant damage.

paragraphs: Although both occur in vasculitis, inflammation of veins (phlebitis) or arteries (arteritis) on their own are separate entities.


title: Delaware, Ohio

paragraphs: The City of Delaware is a city in and the county seat of Delaware County, Ohio, in the United States. Delaware was founded in 1808 and was incorporated in 1816.

paragraphs: It is located near the center of Ohio, is about north of Columbus, and is part of the Columbus, Ohio Metropolitan Area. The population was 34,753 at the 2010 census.

paragraphs: It is the birthplace of 19th President of the United States Rutherford B. Hayes.


title: Paul George

paragraphs: Paul George (born May 2, 1990) is an American professional basketball player. He plays with the Los Angeles Clippers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). George played high school basketball for Knight High School before playing two seasons of college basketball at Fresno State.

paragraphs: He was drafted by the Pacers as the 10th overall pick of the 2010 NBA draft. In 2013, he was selected to play in his first NBA All-Star Game, received the NBA Most Improved Player Award, and was named to All-NBA Third Team and All-Defensive Second Team.


title: Kevin Ware

paragraphs: Kevin Douglas Ware (born January 3, 1993) is an American college basketball player. He played for the Louisville Cardinals men's basketball team. Ware spent most of the 2012–13 season backing up starting guards Peyton Siva and Russ Smith.

paragraphs: Ware received widespread media attention when he broke his right leg and his right tibia bone popped-out of his leg in an Elite Eight game against the Duke Blue Devils on March 31, 2013, when he tried to block a three-point attempt by Tyler Thornton.

paragraphs: On April 12, 2014, Ware officially transferred to Georgia State University.


title: Home to You

paragraphs: Home to You is the sixth studio album by John Michael Montgomery. The album was released on May 25, 1999 through Atlantic Records. The album was ranked 16 on billboard.

paragraphs: The album featured the single "Hello L.O.V.E." and "Home to You".


title: Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds

paragraphs: Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds are an Australian alternative rock/heavy metal band formed in 1983.


title: CBS Home Entertainment

paragraphs: CBS Home Entertainment is the home entertainment arm of CBS Corporation was formed in 2009 and replaced CBS Video Enterprises and CBS DVD. Its headquarters in New York City and CBS shows and CBS Films movies on DVD and Blu-ray.


title: River Plate Montevideo

paragraphs: Club Atlético River Plate is a football club which plays in Uruguay. The club formed from a merger of two football clubs ; Club Atlético Olimpia and Club Atlético Capurro in 1932.