title: Bushtit

paragraphs: The bushtit ("Psaltriparus minimus") is a long-tailed tit found in North America. It is the only species in the family found in the New World, and the only member of the genus "Psaltriparus".

paragraphs: The bushtit lives in mixed open woodlands. It also lives in parks and gardens. It lives in the western United States and highland parts of Mexico all year, ranging from Vancouver through the Great Basin and the lowlands and foothills of California to southern Mexico and Guatemala.

paragraphs: The bushtit is one of the smallest passerines in North America, at 11 cm in length and 5.3 g in weight. It is gray-brown overall, with a large head, a short neck, a long tail, and a short stubby bill. The male has dark eyes and the adult female, yellow.

paragraphs: The bushtit is active and gregarious, searching for small insects and spiders in mixed-species feeding flocks with species such as chickadees and warblers, of 10 to over 40 birds. Members of the group keep making calls to each other that can be described as a short "tsit".


title: Duck pond

paragraphs: A duck pond is a pond for ducks and other waterfowl. Duck ponds give habitats for water fowl and other birds who use the water to bathe in and drink. Duck ponds usually attract people who come to feed the ducks.


title: Diapsid

paragraphs: A diapsid is a reptile with two fenestrae (holes) behind the eye on each side of its skull. Most reptiles are diapsids, and the condition does not occur in mammals. The function of the holes is to improve jaw movements, and to reduce the weight of the skull. The holes give places for muscle attachment; also, as jaw muscles contract, the holes allow space for the muscles to bulge.

paragraphs: The "Allosaurus" skull shows the way the skull became lighter in dinosaurs, especially the large theropods. It is here not much more than a series of struts, yet provides massive bite power.

paragraphs: Some aquatic reptile groups lost the lower of the two openings, leaving just one behind the eye. This is called the euryapsid condition. It is fairly certain that this is secondary, and that the groups were originally diapsids. The groups include:


title: World of Tanks

paragraphs: World of Tanks is a team-based massively played multiplayer online game featuring tanks from the World War II era. the 1930s to the 1950s. World of Tanks includes more than 500 armored vehicles from China,the Soviet Union, Germany, the United States, France, Britain, Japan,Italy, Sweden, Poland, Hungary, and Romania. The vehicles have been carefully detailed with historical accuracy. Eventually, there will be around 500 vehicles available in the game. World of Tanks was released on April 12, 2011 in Europe and North America. There has been a mobile version of the game, World of Tanks Blitz

paragraphs: The idea of the game, according to the developers, arose on December 29 or 30, 2008, although the decision to make a game about tanks came after a conversation in Moscow on December 12, 2008, where they thought about what to make a game about. Prior to that, the developers were working on a fantasy-style game. In the spring of 2009, game designer Sergey Burkatovsky, also known as SerB, joined the company. Soon the project was given the code name "Tankodrom". Work on the first version went on until the summer of 2009. Then the closed alpha test of the game began.

paragraphs: The official announcement of the game was made by Wargaming.net on April 24, 2009. According to the developers, the largest budget in the history of the CIS gaming industry was planned for the creation of the World of Tanks game, but there is no exact data on the budget of the game. Alpha testing of the game began in September of that year; at that time, only five tank models and one unfinished map were created. By the time of the closed beta testing on January 30, 2010, several dozen models of armored vehicles and three fully finished maps were already ready. For five months, about 40,000 applications were submitted for participation in the beta test, and more than 400,000 battles were fought during testing. In March 2010, the developers announced that they intend to develop the project for at least another 5-7 years.

paragraphs: On June 24, 2010, the open beta testing of the game began; in the first version of the open beta test, the tank building schools of the USSR and Germany and seven different maps were available to players. On July 8, a closed beta test of the English version of World of Tanks started. On August 12, the online release of World of Tanks took place, but due to technical reasons, the game servers only started working on August 13, 2010.

paragraphs: On January 27, 2011, the English version of the game went into open beta mode, its release took place on April 12, 2011.


title: Multiplayer online game

paragraphs: A Multiplayer Online Game is a multiplayer video game which can be played over the internet, with other players around the world. Some examples of this are "Battlefield 2", "Halo 3", "Counter-Strike", "Quake 3", "StarCraft", "", "NBA 2K11", and the Sega Meganet.

paragraphs: These games are different from MMORPGs because they do not create a persistent world, but create a playing arena for the purpose of a single game or round.


title: NBA 2K11

paragraphs: NBA 2K11 is a basketball video game. It was developed by Visual Concepts and 3K Sports and published by 2K Sports. It was released on October 5, 2010 on Xbox 360, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, PSP, PC, while the Wii version came out on October 21, 2010. Retired Chicago Bulls star Michael Jordan is the cover athlete of the game and is featured in the game in different ways. "NBA 2K11" is the successor to "NBA 2K10" and is succeeded by "NBA 2K12".


title: Heydar Aliyev International Airport

paragraphs: Heydar Aliyev International Airport (IATA: GYD, ICAO: UBBB) is the international airport in Azerbaijan. It is 20 km (12 mi) northeast of the capital city Baku. The airport is the home of Azerbaijan Airlines (AZAL).

paragraphs: Runways: 2,700x60m (8,858 ft) Asphalt, 3,200x45m (10,499 ft) Asphalt/Concrete


title: Doug Hutchison

paragraphs: Doug Hutchison (born 26 May 1960) is an American actor. He was in the "X-Files" and "The Green Mile". He owns the production company Dark Water Inc.Hutchison was born in Dover, Delaware, the son of Deloris and Richard Hutchison.

paragraphs: On May 20, 2011, Hutchison married Courtney Alexis Stodden (born August 29, 1994) in Las Vegas, Nevada. Stodden is Hutchison's third wife.


title: Weapons of World War I

paragraphs: Major advances were made to weapon technology during World War I. There were better grenades, flame throwers, poison gas, and artillery. The submarine, warplane and the tank were new weapons.

paragraphs: Both sides used a much better heavy machine gun than they had used before in Europe. Four to six people worked one. They fired 400 to 600 bullets per minute. The machine guns got too hot and needed water on them. This kind of gun was invented in 1884 by Hiram Maxim. The German version was the MG08. The British used the Vickers machine gun, which was very safe and easy to use. The machine guns changed how war went; and killed many soldiers. Because they sometimes got too hot, they could be slow. In case that one of the crew of the machine gun were shot, the whole squad were trained to fill their spot. As the war progressed, more machine guns were used in trench warfare in combination with barbed wire defensive positions, making them the most deadly weapon on the battle field.

paragraphs: The normal British army rifle was the Lee Enfield 0.303. This was made in 1907 by James Lee. The Lee Enfield could fire twelve bullets per minute. The Germans used the Mauser rifle made in 1898 by Paul Mauser. This was an excellent rifle, but it only held five bullets.


title: Yume Nikki

paragraphs: The game is known for its strange and sometimes scary content.

paragraphs: The player controls Madotsuki and can move her using the arrow keys. If you make her go to sleep by interacting with the bed, she goes into a dream version of her room. From there, you can make her explore 12 different dream worlds by going through doors that are in a large, dark place north of her room.

paragraphs: To beat the game, the player has to find all 24 "effects" that are hidden in Madotsuki's dreams.


title: Eddie Rickenbacker

paragraphs: Edward Vernon Rickenbacker (October 8, 1890 – July 23, 1973) was an American fighter ace in World War I. He was also a Medal of Honor recipient. With 26 aerial victories he was America's most successful fighter ace in the war. He was also a race car driver and automotive designer. He was a government consultant in military matters and a pioneer in airline transport. He was also the longtime head of Eastern Air Lines.

paragraphs: He was born Edward Richenbacher (without a middle name) in Columbus, Ohio. His parents were German-speaking Swiss immigrants. Since childhood he loved machines and experimented with them. He was encouraged by his father's words: "A machine has to have a purpose".

paragraphs: Rickenbacker nearly died many times. He had an early run-in with a horse-drawn carriage, a botched tonsillectomy and multiple airplane crashes. His first near death experience occurred when he was in the "Horsehead Gang". He lived near a mine and they decided to ride a cart down the slope. It tipped over and almost crushed them.

paragraphs: He stopped going to school in grade seven after the accidental death of his father on August 26, 1904. Rickenbacker found jobs to help support the family. Driven by an intense admiration for machines he taught himself as much as he could. This included enrolling in a correspondence course in engineering. He aggressively pursued any chance of involvement with automobiles. Rickenbacker went to work at the Columbus Buggy Company. He eventually becoming a salesman.

paragraphs: Rickenbacker became well known as a race car driver. He competed in the Indianapolis 500 four times before World War I. He earned the nickname "Fast Eddie". He joined the Maxwell Race Team in 1915 after leaving Peugeot. After the Maxwell team disbanded that same year, he joined the Prest-O-Lite team as manager and continued to race improved Maxwells for Prest-O-Lite.

paragraphs: He was in the United States Army in 1917 when Congress declared war. Soon he was in France where he became a pilot.

paragraphs: Edward V. Rickenbacker, Colonel, specialist reserve, then first lieutenant, 94th Aero Squadron, Air Service, American Expeditionary Forces. For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity above and beyond the call of duty in action against the enemy near Billy, France, September 25, 1918. While on a voluntary patrol over the lines Lieutenant. Rickenbacker attacked seven enemy planes (five type Fokker protecting two type Halberstadt photographic planes). Disregarding the odds against him he dived on them and shot down one of the Fokkers out of control. He then attacked one of the Halberstadts and sent it down also.

paragraphs: Medal of Honor citation, awarded November 6, 1930

paragraphs: The Distinguished Service Cross is presented to Edward Vernon Rickenbacker, Captain (Air Service), US Army, for extraordinary heroism in action near Montsec, France, April 29, 1918. Captain Rickenbacker attacked an enemy Albatross monoplane, and after a vigorous fight in which he followed his foe into German territory, he succeeded in shooting it down near Vigneulles-les-Hatton Chatel.

paragraphs: The Distinguished Service Cross is presented to Edward Vernon Rickenbacker, Captain (Air Service), U.S . for extraordinary heroism in action over Richecourt, France, on May 17, 1918. Captain Rickenbacker attacked three Albatross enemy planes, shooting one down in the vicinity of Richecourt, France, and forcing the others to retreat over their own lines.

paragraphs: The Distinguished Service Cross is presented to Edward Vernon Rickenbacker, Captain (Air Service), US Army, for extraordinary heroism in action over St. Mihiel, France, on May 22, 1918. Captain Rickenbacker attacked three Albatross monoplanes 4,000 meters over St. Mihiel, France. He drove them back into German territory, separated one from the group, and shot it down near Flirey.

paragraphs: The Distinguished Service Cross is presented to Edward Vernon Rickenbacker, Captain (Air Service), US Army, for extraordinary heroism in action over Boise Rate, France, on May 28, 1918. Captain Rickenbacker sighted a group of two battle planes and four monoplanes, German planes, which he at once attacked vigorously, shooting down one and dispersing the others.

paragraphs: The Distinguished Service Cross is presented to Edward Vernon Rickenbacker, Captain (Air Service), US Army, for extraordinary heroism in action on May 30, 1918, 4,000 meters over Jaulny, France. Captain Rickenbacker attacked a group of five enemy planes. After a violent battle, he shot down one plane and drove the others away.

paragraphs: The Distinguished Service Cross is presented to Edward Vernon Rickenbacker, Captain (Air Service), US Army, for extraordinary heroism in action in the region of Villecy, France, September 14, 1918. Captain Rickenbacker attacked four Fokker enemy planes at an altitude of 3,000 meters. After a sharp and hot action, he succeeded in shooting one down in flames and dispersing the other three.

paragraphs: The Distinguished Service Cross is presented to Edward Vernon Rickenbacker, Captain (Air Service), US Army, for extraordinary heroism in action in the region of Bois-de-Wavrille, France, September 15, 1918. Captain Rickenbacker encountered six enemy planes, who were in the act of attacking four Spads, which were below them. Undeterred by their superior numbers, he unhesitatingly attacked them and succeeded in shooting one down in flames and completely breaking the formation of the others.


title: Suncheon

paragraphs: Suncheon is a city of Korea. It belongs to Jeollanam-do. 70% of Suncheon is composed of mountains and the city has the greatest number of mountains in the province. An average temperature for the year of the city is 12.5℃ and the average temperature for January is -0.5℃ and that for August is 25.2℃. Since Suncheon fronts the southern sea, the city is relatively warm during the winter by the effect of oceanic climate.

paragraphs: Suncheon is famous among Korea travelers due to its beautiful tourist attractions and local food of great taste. Among many spots, Suncheon bay is the most well-known. It was selected as one of the top 5 coastal wetlands in the world. The large mud flat stretches out and several kinds of birds and other living creatures live there. Also, the wide field of reeds along the waterside forms magnificent view. The Suncheon bay reeds festival is held every October and it gets great reputation.

paragraphs: Since the city is located nearby sea, dishes made of diverse fresh fish highly attract those who visit Suncheon. Especially, thanks to the well-protected ecological environment, mudskippers which exist usually in the very clean mud flat are seen in the Suncheon bay. They are used for cooking in Suncheon and the dish is very famous for its greater taste than any other region in the country.


title: Dean Edwards

paragraphs: Dean Edwards (born July 30, 1970) is an American actor and comedian. Edwards joined the cast of "Saturday Night Live" in 2001. He created several impressions. These include Michael Jackson, Wayne Brady, Chris Tucker, Don Cheadle, Colin Powell, Serena Williams, Nipsey Russell, Denzel Washington, Grace Jones, and Billy Ocean. Chris Tucker was Edwards' first impression. This was also the an impression done by Jay Pharoah on his first "SNL" episode on September 25, 2010. Even though Edwards was very good at impressions, he was not used much during his time working on the program. He left after the program's 28th season. He said it was because of creative differences. He also appeared in "Tony N' Tina's Wedding", "The Sopranos", "Robotomy", and "Scared Shrekless". In "Scared Shrekless" and "Thriller Night", he voiced the part of Donkey.

paragraphs: Many feel that Edwards voice and style is very similar to that of Eddie Murphy.

paragraphs: On YouTube, Edwards currently has his own channel known as "deanedwardscomedy".


title: Shōtoku (era)

paragraphs: The "nengō" "Shōtoku" means "Correct Virtue".


title: Ice storm

paragraphs: Ice storms are weather phenomena caused by freezing rain. The falling rain comes into contact with surfaces and turns into a thin sheet of ice. Ice storms cause accidents, take power lines down and cause serious damage.

paragraphs: It starts with a layer of warmer (not freezing) air above a layer of huge-freezing temperatures lower down. Frozen precipitation melts to rain while falling into the warm air layer, and then begins to refreeze in the cold layer below.


title: Miguel Cabrera

paragraphs: José Miguel Cabrera Torres, commonly known as Miguel Cabrera, is a baseball player for the Detroit Tigers of Major League Baseball (MLB). He was born on April 18, 1983 in Maracay, "Venezuela". He is a first baseman and a right-handed player; he bats and throws right-handed. At the beginning of his career, he was a third baseman. Cabrera is regarded as one of the best batters of all time - he currently holds the highest batting average among active players and is 2nd among active players in career home runs.

paragraphs: Cabrera has played a total of 2,226 games and compiled .317 average with 462 homers and 1,613 RBIs from 2003 to 2017. He is a seven-time Silver Slugger Award winner. Also, he was an American League (AL) Home run leader in 2008, a AL RBI Champion in 2010, a AL leading hitter in 2011. In 2012, Cabrera won the AL Triple Crown, leading the league in home runs, RBI and average. He won the 2012 AL MVP. In 2013, he improved on the previous year's performance, and won a second AL MVP.

paragraphs: Also, Cabrera is a popular MLB player. He is an 11-time All Star. He was a National League All Star in 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 and an AL All Star every year from 2010 to 2016. He is nicknamed 'Miggy' by his fans.

paragraphs: Cabrera is well known for his ability to drive pitches. He hits for power to all fields, and is able to hit every type of pitch.

paragraphs: Cabrera's wife is named Rosangel. They have two daughters and one son. Cabrera and his family live in Birmingham, Michigan.


title: Fermilab

paragraphs: Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), just outside Batavia, Illinois, near Chicago, is a US Department of Energy national laboratory specializing in high-energy particle physics. As of January 1, 2007, Fermilab is operated by the Fermi Research Alliance, a joint venture of the University of Chicago, Illinois Institute of Technology and the Universities Research Association (URA). Fermilab is a part of the Illinois Technology and Research Corridor.

paragraphs: Fermilab's Tevatron was a landmark particle accelerator; at in circumference, it was the world's second largest energy particle accelerator (CERN's Large Hadron Collider is 27 km in circumference), until being shut down on September 30, 2011. In 1995, two teams at Fermilab (CDF and DØ, detectors which utilize the Tevatron) announced the discovery of the top quark.

paragraphs: In addition to high energy collider physics, Fermilab is also host to a number of smaller fixed-target and neutrino experiments, such as MiniBooNE (Mini Booster Neutrino Experiment), SciBooNE (SciBar Booster Neutrino Experiment) and MINOS (Main Injector Neutrino Oscillation Search). The MiniBooNE detector is a diameter sphere which contains 800 tons of mineral oil lined with 1520 individual phototube detectors. An estimated 1 million neutrino events are recorded each year. SciBooNE is the newest neutrino experiment at Fermilab; it sits in the same neutrino beam as MiniBooNE but has fine-grained tracking capabilities. The MINOS experiment uses Fermilab's NuMI (Neutrinos at the Main Injector) beam, which is an intense beam of neutrinos that travels through the Earth to the Soudan Mine in Minnesota.

paragraphs: A large piece of land was reserved for Fermilab, but much of the equipment is underground. The Fermilab scientists decided to use the land surface as an experiment in restoring Illinois original prairie. They also started a farm to raise al herd of American bison. The Fermilab Nature Areas is a separate non-profit group that administers these programs.

paragraphs: Asteroid 11998 Fermilab is named in honor of the laboratory.

paragraphs: Between World War II and the 1960s, the federal government funded different particle accelerators at competing universities to build high-energy physics experiments. Most notable were the Stanford Linear Accelerator (SLAC), which sent particles in a straight line, the Brookhaven National Laboratory at SUNY Stoney Brook and the Cornell University synchrotron, which sent particles around in a circle to have the same magnets work on the particles many times. By the 1960s, the cost of building bigger atom smashers were too high to fund each individual campus, and the size of ring for the next circular accelerator would be too large to fit on an existing college campus. So, the federal government decided to start a new location to be run by physicists from several universities. They held a competition to pick a site, but politicians fought for it to be in Illinois.

paragraphs: Weston, Illinois was a community next to Batavia. It was a subdivision of pre-fabricated homes started in the early 1960s. Sales were very slow, so the land developers tried to attract Fermilab to be a new employer on the edge of the new town. However, it turned out that the amount of land needed would swallow up the entire town. So, the town voted to sell all of the land, including the houses that had been built to Fermilab. The town then dissolved.

paragraphs: The laboratory was founded in 1967 as the National Accelerator Laboratory; it was renamed in honor of Enrico Fermi in 1974. The lab's first director was Robert Rathbun Wilson. Wilson made many of the sculptures on the campus. He is attributed as being responsible for it being finished ahead of time and under budget. The high rise laboratory building on the site, the unique shape of which has become the symbol for Fermilab, is named in his honor, and is the center of activity on the campus.

paragraphs: Before the new buildings could be finished, the scientists moved into the Weston houses and also moved all of the farm houses on Fermilab to that location for use as office space. They renamed Weston, "Fermilab Village." It still houses visiting scientists.

paragraphs: Wilson brought in the team that had built the Cornell synchrotron to help build the original 200 GeV accelerator. Two important inventions made this accelerator obsolete: superconducting magnets and using the same acclerator ring to send two groups of particles around in opposite directions so that when the collide they would have twice the energy.

paragraphs: After Wilson stepped down in 1978 to protest the lack of funding for the lab, Leon M. Lederman took on the job. It was under his guidance that the original accelerator was replaced with the Tevatron accelerator. The new accelerator was capable of colliding proton and an antiproton at a combined energy of 1.96 TeV. Lederman stepped down in 1988 and remains Director Emeritus. The on-site science education center (which serves students and the general public) was named in his honor.

paragraphs: From 1988 to 1998, the lab was run by John Peoples. From that time until June 30, 2005, the lab was run by Michael S. Witherell. On November 19, 2004 Piermaria Oddone, formerly of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in California, was announced as Fermilab's newest director. Oddone began his term as director July 1, 2005.

paragraphs: Fermilab continues to participate in the work in the LHC including serving as a Tier 1 site in the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid. The State of Illinois is funding a new Illinois Accelerator Research Center building at Fermilab for scientists and industrial partners.

paragraphs: The first stage in the acceleration process takes place in the Cockcroft–Walton generator. It involves taking hydrogen gas and turning it into H ions by introducing it into a container lined with molybdenum electrodes: a matchbox-sized, oval-shaped cathode and a surrounding anode, separated by 1 mm and held in place by glass ceramic insulators. A magnetron is used to generate a plasma to form H near the metal surface. A 750 keV electrostatic field is applied by the Cockcroft–Walton generator, and the ions are accelerated out of the container. The next step is the linear accelerator (or linac), which accelerates the particles to 400 MeV, or about 70% of the speed of light. Right before entering the next accelerator, the H ions pass through a carbon foil, becoming H ions (protons).

paragraphs: The next step is the booster ring. The booster ring is a 468 m circumference circular accelerator that uses magnets to bend beams of protons in a circular path. The protons coming from the Linac travel around the Booster about 20,000 times in 33 milliseconds so that they repeatedly experience electric fields. With each revolution the protons pick up more energy, leaving the Booster with 8 GeV. The Main Injector is the next link in the accelerator chain. Completed in 1999, it has become Fermilab's "particle switchyard" with three functions: it accelerates protons, it delivers protons for antiproton production, and it accelerates antiprotons coming from the antiproton source. The final accelerator was the Tevatron. It was the second most powerful particle accelerator in the world (CERN's Large Hadron Collider being the most powerful). Traveling at almost the speed of light, protons and antiprotons circle the Tevatron in opposite directions. Physicists coordinate the beams so that they collide at the centers of two 5,000-ton detectors DØ and CDF inside the Tevatron tunnel at energies of 1.96 TeV, revealing the conditions of matter in the early universe and its structure at the smallest scale. The Tevatron is being converted into a museum.

paragraphs: The linear accelerator also has a medical treatment facility. Doctors treat people with cancer by shooting protons or neutrons from the accelerator into their tumors.


title: Heterojunction bipolar transistor

paragraphs: The heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) is a type of bipolar junction transistor (BJT) which uses different semiconductor materials for the emitter and base regions, making a heterojunction. The HBT can handle signals of much higher frequencies, (up to several hundred GHz) than BJT. HBT is commonly used in modern ultrafast circuits, mostly radio-frequency (RF) systems, and in applications requiring a high power efficiency, such as RF power amplifiers in mobile phones. The idea of using a heterojunction is as old as the conventional BJT, dating back to a patent from 1951.

paragraphs: The principal difference between the BJT and HBT is in the use of different semiconductor materials for the emitter and base regions, making a heterojunction. This limits the injection of holes from the base into the emitter region, since the potential barrier in the valence band is higher than in the conduction band. Unlike BJT technology, this allows a high doping density to be used in the base. The high doping density reduces the base resistance while maintaining gain. The efficiency of the heterojunction is measured by the Kroemer factor.


title: Wet chemistry

paragraphs: Wet chemistry studies chemical reactions that occur in the liquid phase. It is also called bench chemistry because many of the tests performed are done at a lab bench.

paragraphs: Wet chemistry uses laboratory glassware, such as beakers and flasks, without quantitative chemical analysis using instrumentation. Many high school and college laboratories teach students basic wet chemistry methods.

paragraphs: Before the age of theoretical and computational chemistry, it was the main form of scientific discovery in the chemical field. So, some people call wet chemistry classic chemistry or classical chemistry. Today's society and quality control requirements need a high volume of wet chemistry. So, many wet chemistry methods have been automated and computerized for faster analysis.

paragraphs: Wet chemistry techniques can be used for qualitative chemical measurements, such as changes in color (colorimetry), but often involves more quantitative chemical measurements, using methods such as gravimetry and titrimetry. Some uses for wet chemistry include tests for:

paragraphs: Wet chemistry is also used in environmental chemistry settings and is used for to test:

paragraphs: It can also involve the elemental analysis of samples, e.g., water sources, for items like:


title: Korean Canadian

paragraphs: Korean Canadians are Canadians of Korean descent. According to South Korea's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, there are 223,322 Koreans or people of Korean ancestry in Canada. This is the fourth-largest population of Koreans outside of Korea (after Koreans in Japan and ahead of Koreans in Russia). Also, the government of South Korean guessed that there are more than 100,000 Koreans living in Canada illegally.

paragraphs: The first Koreans who came to Canada were Christians. They were sent by Canadian missionaries to study Christianity in Canada. Not many stayed in Canada though; and in 1965, the total Korean population of Canada was only about 70 people. However, after 1966's change of Canadian immigration laws, South Korean immigration to Canada grew. Between 1970 and 1980, 18,148 Koreans immigrated to Canada, and another 17,583 came in the 1990s. In the late 1990s, South Korea became the fifth-largest source of immigrants to Canada. Toronto has the most Koreans in Canada, but Vancouver has the highest growth rate of Koreans. They have increased 69% since 1996. Montreal has the third-most Korean immigrants at this time. In 2001, More Koreans went to Canada than to the United States. The number of temporary residents also grew after the Canadian government made visas not necessary; South Korea sent the most international students to Canada in the late 1990s. Many of the Koreans who came to Canada, came from the Korean population in China.

paragraphs: In the 1990s, many Koreans came to Canada because unemployment was high and income growth was low. It was the opposite in the United States at this time. They also came because the Canadian dollar was very weak, so they could get a lot of Canadian money from their Korean money. In the USA, they could get less American dollars. So they had more money if they came to Canada Lastly, in Korea at the time there was lots of anti-American feelings, and also many local native teachers came from Canada, so Koreans knew Canadians very well. .

paragraphs: Many Koreans in Canada are well educated, and many new immigrants and their children are skilled workers such as—doctors, professors, engineers, computer technicians—or businessmen.

paragraphs: Korean Canadians are usually one of three types: first generation immigrants, the “1.5” generation who began their schooling in Korea but moved to Canada in their childhood or teen years, and the second generation born in Canada. Each group is very unique, but Korean Canadians are very loyal to their Korean culture. They do this by local culture activities, university and alumni groups, seniors’ groups, language schools and business contacts. Vancouver and Toronto have Korean-language newspapers, and Korean television and radio programs. Korean dance, music art, as well as martial arts and Korean cuisine, are very popular in Canada.

paragraphs: Today, many Korean Canadians are Christians, and often attend Korean churches. A small number are Buddhist or are not religious.

paragraphs: Statistics were researched in 2007 by the South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. The statistics showed that among Koreans living in Canada, 86,084 are Canadian citizens, 72,077 are permanent residents, 20,738 people have student visas, and 19,271 other people are temporary residents. The Canada 2001 Census said that there are 101,715 Canadians of Korean descent, but Korean community leaders and the media think that there are more than this. A big group could be temporary students studying English. According to the Canada 1996 Census, 53.6% of Korean immigrants to Canada graduated from University, compared to 23% of other Canadians. However, because Canadian employers prefer degrees from Canada, Korean immigrants often do jobs that are not what they studied in Korea; 40% worked in family-owned businesses, and their average income is only 67% of other Canadian's income.


title: Placodont

paragraphs: Placodonts were a group of Triassic marine reptiles which had heavy flat teeth. These teeth were used for crushing shellfish. Placodonts are in the Order Sauropterygia, the group that includes Plesiosaurs. Placodonts were mostly between in length, up to a maximum long. They are found in marine sediments of the Middle and Upper Triassic, 235–250 million years ago.

paragraphs: The first specimen was discovered in 1830, and the group was very widely distributed. Shellfish were common throughout the Mesozoic period, but this group of shellfish-eaters went extinct at the end of the Triassic. They were clearly a victim of some event which disturbed their lifestyle. The end-Triassic had several extinction events which are not well understood.

paragraphs: The earliest forms like Placodus, in the early to middle Triassic, looked rather barrel-shaped. Later placodonts had bony plates on their backs which protected their bodies while they were feeding.

paragraphs: By the Upper Triassic, these plates had grown so that some placodonts of the time looked like the sea turtles of modern day. Other placodonts developed plates that resembled the shells of horseshoe crabs and trilobites rather than those of sea turtles. These adaptations are examples of convergent evolution.

paragraphs: Because of their dense bone and heavy armour plating, these creatures would have been too heavy to float in the ocean. They would have used a lot of energy to reach the water surface. For this reason, and because of the type of sediment found with the fossils, it is suggested placodonts lived in shallow waters and not in deep oceans.

paragraphs: The placodonts ate shellfish. Their front teeth stuck out: they would be used to dig up the shellfish, and pull them from any attachment to the ground. Inside their mouth, the teeth were large and flat: they were used to crush the shells.

paragraphs: Their diet consisted of marine bivalves, brachiopods, and other invertebrates.


title: Becoming Jane

paragraphs: Becoming Jane is a movie directed by Julian Jarrold in 2007. The setting of this movie is Hampshire, England in the 1700s. The movie’s story was based on a fictional biography written by Jon Spence. Anne Hathaway played Jane Austen. James McAvoy played Thomas Lefroy. This movie won the 2007 People's Choice Award for "Favorite Independent Movie". It was nominated for 2008 Ivor Novello Award for Best Original Film Score.

paragraphs: Jane (played by Anne Hathaway) is a writer. She lives in a rural area. Her father is a pastor of small church. Her her family is poor. She is under a lot of stress since her mother wants her to marry Mr. Wisley (Laurence Fox). He is the nephew of the wealthy Lady Gresham (Maggie Smith).

paragraphs: Meanwhile, Thomas Lefroy (played by James McAvoy) is working with his uncle as a lawyer in London. He is ordered to go Hampshire due to his dissipated life. When they meet the first time, Tom criticizes Jane’s works and she becomes angry about that. Both of them have hostile feelings toward each other. However, the feelings changes into affection as they meet several times. Finally they decide to marry. With a lot of expectation, they visits Tom’s uncle Judge Langlois. The uncle does not approve of the marriage due to Jane’s poverty. They break up, but since they love each other deeply, they elope. But after knowing about the fact that Tom is the only hope of his family, Jane gives up their elopement and leaves to go home.

paragraphs: Twenty years later, Jane becomes famous writer and after a gathering, Jane and Tom meet again. There, Tom is with his daughter who likes Jane’s book a lot. His daughter asks Jane to read the novel. To stop her Tom called his daughter’s name – Jane. Knowing that Tom named his daughter after her, Jane accepts her request and reads her book, "Pride and Prejudice".


title: Steven Chu

paragraphs: Steven Chu (born February 28, 1948) is an American physicist. He was the 12th United States Secretary of Energy from 2009 to 2013. Chu is known for his research at Bell Labs in cooling and trapping of atoms with laser light, which won him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1997, along with his scientific colleagues Claude Cohen-Tannoudji and William Daniel Phillips.

paragraphs: Chu is the first Nobel Prize winner and the second Chinese American to hold a post in the United States Cabinet. Before becoming the United States Secretary of Energy, he was a professor of physics and molecular and cellular biology at the University of California, Berkeley. He was also the director of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.

paragraphs: Before teaching at Berkeley, he was a professor of physics at Stanford University. He has argued for more research into alternative energy and nuclear power. He thinks the world should shift away from fossil fuels to help with climate change. For example, he discusses a global "glucose economy". This is a form of a low-carbon economy, in which glucose from tropical plants is shipped around like oil is today.

paragraphs: Chu was born in St. Louis, Missouri. He has ancestry from Taicang, Jiangsu. He attended and graduated from Garden City High School. He received both a B.A. in mathematics and a B.S. in physics in 1970 from the University of Rochester. He went on to earn his Ph.D. in physics from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1976.

paragraphs: He wrote a paper on gravitational redshift published in "Nature" (463, 926–929) in Feb 2010 and a second one co-authored in July 2010.

paragraphs: Under his leadership in 2010 the Department of Energy updated the water usage regulations on toilets and showers.

paragraphs: His nomination to be Secretary of Energy was unanimously confirmed by the United States Senate on January 20, 2009. On January 21, 2009, Chu was sworn in as Secretary of Energy in the Barack Obama administration.

paragraphs: In March 2011 Chu said that federal regulators should not delay approving licenses for construction for planned U.S. nuclear power plants because of the Fukushima nuclear disaster. "I think those things can proceed", Chu told reporters on Capital Hill, referring to construction license applications pending at the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission.

paragraphs: In August 2011, Chu praised an advisory panel’s report on curbing the environmental risks of natural-gas development. Chu responded to the panel’s report on hydraulic fracturing. Hydraulic fracturing breaks up rock to get more oil and gas out of the ground. The report recommendations include: greater data collection of air and water data, “rigorous” air pollution standards and mandatory disclosure of chemicals used in the hydraulic fracturing process. “The report ... recommends a range of tools for implementing these measures, including regulation, continuous improvement in best practices by industry, and ongoing research and development,” Chu said in a statement. “I will be working closely with my colleagues in the Administration to review the recommendations and to chart a path for continued development of this vital energy resource in a safe manner,” he added.

paragraphs: Republicans in Congress have accused Chu for changing a US$535 million federal loan to Solyndra, an energy company. When the company went bankrupt in 2011, the government lost the money. A House Energy and Commerce subcommittee asked Chu in 2011 about the loan.


title: Pororo the Little Penguin

paragraphs: Pororo the Little Penguin is a South Korean 3D computer animation series planned by Iconix Entertainment and produced by Ocon, SK Broadband, and EBS. Each season has 52 episodes and three seasons have been aired in South Korea until now. In 2003, Season 1 was aired in 27 November 2003 in Korean channel, EBS. In the beginning, 22 episodes of season 1 were made by North Korean company, Samcholli. About 110 countries imported Pororo and aired it. Pororo is so loved by children in Korea and he is perceived as an idol of children, so he is called Bbo-tong-ryung(뽀통령 in Korean)which means president Pororo.

paragraphs: Pororo and little animal friends live together in the town covered all over with snow and ice. Pororo, a little curious penguin, and his friends are all different, so great and small commotions occur in this little town. Then one day, when Pororo and his friends hang out as usual, they find novelty egg under a tree in the woods. Pororo takes that egg to his house. Surprisingly, the egg hatches out and the little dinosaur is born, whose name is Crong. Crong becomes new friends of Pororo. Pororo and his friends learn lessons and form a friendship through adventures and events.

paragraphs: Pororo - The main character of this animation. He is little blue penguin. He always acts on impulse, because he is very curious. He is obsessed about unusual stuff. He enjoys adventures and challenges.

paragraphs: Crong - A little dinosaur who is found in the snow. He is a troublemaker. He wants to know many things and do many things.

paragraphs: Eddy - A little fox who wants to be a scientist. He invents many things that cause problems. He shows off himself and his inventions.

paragraphs: Rody - A robot who is strong. He has arms and legs stretch. Eddy made Rody, imitating before.

paragraphs: Poby - A big polar bear. He is so kind that he is always there to help his friends when they are in trouble.

paragraphs: Tongtong - A little dragon who has magical powers. He can fly and transform before. He appears in the animation from season 3.

paragraphs: Loopy - A little beaver. She is a crybaby who is very timid. However, she is nice to her friends and takes care of them.

paragraphs: Petty - A little female penguin. She is good at sports although bad at cooking.

paragraphs: Harry - A little bird who is pleasant. Even though he is tone-deaf, he enjoys singing. He always brightens up the atmosphere.

paragraphs: Popo and Pipi - Funny aliens. Popo is timid and feminine and Pipi is eager and outgoing.


title: Queen Seondeok of Silla

paragraphs: Queen Seondeok of Silla (606 – 8 January 647) was 27th ruler of Silla, one of the three ancient kingdoms of Korea. She was a daughter of King Jinpyeong and Lady Maya of the Kim clan. Because King Jinpyeong did not have any sons, Queen Seondeok became the first female ruler in Korean history after her father died. Besides the name Seondeok, she was also called Sung-Jo Hwang-Go which means "sacred and dedicated queen".

paragraphs: Queen Seondeok was an intelligent and capable ruler who established the foundation of Silla's unity of Korea peninsula. She ruled her kingdom wisely and improved her people’s life. Also, she made a lot of effort to accept advanced culture of ancient China by sending international students and monks. The star-gazing tower named Cheomseongdae and wooden tower with nine floors in Hwangnyongsa temple are the results of her effort.

paragraphs: According to some legend (in Korean history book "Samguk Sagi") related to her, Queen Seondeok had great intuition and foresight. She noticed where the enemy was hiding by natural phenomena, predicted many incidents before it happened, and even knew when she would die a couple of days ago and left her will before death. Because of her extraordinary and heroic life, many Korean people make novels, plays, musicals and so on till now.


title: Styx Records

paragraphs: Styx Records is an Austrian record label. It was founded in 1999 by the former drummer of the Mojo Blues Band, Peter Müller. The label focuses on blues, rhythm&blues and boogie woogie from Austria.


title: Disability Discrimination Act 1995

paragraphs: The Disability Discrimination Act 1995 (c 50) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which has now been repealed and replaced by the Equality Act 2010 (), except in Northern Ireland where the Act still applies. Formerly, it made it unlawful to discriminate against people in respect of their disabilities in relation to employment, the provision of goods and services, education and transport.


title: Pachypleurosaur

paragraphs: Pachypleurosaurs were primitive sauropterygian reptiles that vaguely resembled aquatic lizards, and were limited to the Triassic period. They were long animals, ranging in size from 20 cm to about four metres in length, with small heads, long necks, paddle-like limbs, and long deep tails. The limb girdles are greatly reduced, so it is unlikely these animals could move about on land. The widely spaced peg-like teeth project at the front of the jaws, indicate that these animals fed on fish.

paragraphs: Pachypleurosaurs are usually included among the Nothosaurs.


title: Harrington Hump

paragraphs: The Harrington Hump is a modular and easy-to-install system by which the height of a railway platform can be increased at relatively low cost. The system takes its name from the Harrington railway station, which was the location of the first production version. Harrington Humps are slowly being installed on other UK railway stations.


title: Seven Sisters Road

paragraphs: Seven Sisters Road is a road in north London, England. The road runs within the boroughs of Islington, Hackney and Haringey. It is an extension of Camden Road, and runs from Holloway Road (the A1 road) at the Nags Head crossroads then on to another crossroads with Blackstock Road and Stroud Green Road. It carries on uphill alongside Finsbury Park to Manor House, and from there downhill to the junction with Tottenham High Road (the A10 road) at Seven Sisters Corner. The road was authorised in 1829 and constructed in 1833 by the Metropolitan Turnpike Trust. Seven Sisters Road is part of the A503. The stretch running past Finsbury Park is open to the park on the west side, and on the east side are large Victorian villas now used mainly as hotels.


title: Indigo bunting

paragraphs: The indigo bunting, "Passerina cyanea", is a small seed-eating bird. It is migratory. Its range is from southern Canada to northern Florida during the breeding season, and from southern Florida to northern South America during the winter. It often migrates by night, using the stars to navigate. Its habitat is farmland, brush areas, and open woodland. The indigo bunting is closely related to the lazuli bunting.

paragraphs: The indigo bunting is a small bird, with a length of 11.5–13 cm (4.5–5 in). The male is a vibrant blue in the summer and a brown color during the winter months, while the female is brown year-round. The male displays brightly colored plumage during the breeding season to attract a mate. Nest-building and incubation are done solely by the female. The diet of the indigo bunting is insects during the summer months and seeds during the winter months.


title: The Railway Magazine

paragraphs: The Railway Magazine is a monthly British railway magazine, aimed at the railway enthusiast market, that has been published in London since July 1897. it has been, for three years running, the railway magazine with the largest circulation in the U.K., having a monthly average sale during 2009 of 34,715 (the figure for 2007 being 34,661). It was published by IPC Media until October 2010, with ISSN 0033-8923, and in 2007 won IPC's 'Magazine of the Year' award. From November 2010, The Railway Magazine is now published by Mortons Media Group Ltd. (Mortons of Horncastle).


title: London Transport Board

paragraphs: The London Transport Board was the organisation responsible for public transport in London, England, United Kingdom, and its environs from 1963-1969. In common with all London transport authorities from 1933 to 2000, the public name and operational brand of the organisation was London Transport.


title: Northern shoveler

paragraphs: The northern shoveler (; Anas clypeata) is a common and widespread duck. It breeds in northern areas of Europe and Asia and across most of North America, and is a rare vagrant to Australia. In North America, it breeds along the southern edge of Hudson Bay and west of this body of water, and as far south as the Great Lakes west to Colorado, Nevada, and Oregon.

paragraphs: The northern shoveler is one of the species to which the "Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds" (AEWA) applies. The conservation status is Least Concern.


title: Stiff-tailed duck

paragraphs: The stiff-tailed ducks are part of the Oxyurinae subfamily of ducks. All have, as their name implies, long stiff tail feathers, which are erect when the bird is at rest. All have relatively large swollen bills.

paragraphs: These are freshwater diving ducks. Their legs are set far back, making them awkward on land, so they rarely leave the water.

paragraphs: Their unusual displays involve drumming noises from inflatable throat-sacs, head throwing, and erecting short crest.

paragraphs: Feather sequences are complicated, and it is hard to tell how old one of these ducks is. Feathers are vital for survival because of this animals tendency to spend time in the water. Without feathers this duck would die of hypothermia because it could not regulate its body temperature.


title: Kyōhō

paragraphs: Noteworty coins were minted during this era, including the gold "ōban" and "koban".


title: Tteokbokki

paragraphs: Tteokbokki () is a Korean traditional food which has sticks of rounded rice cake as the main ingredient. ' "tteok" ' is the Korean word for rice cake and 'bokki' is the Korean word for something fried.

paragraphs: Tteokbokki is divided into gungjung tteokbokki and general tteokbokki as one of Korean street foods.

paragraphs: Gungjung tteokbokki () is made by frying beef and rice cake with soy sauce. It was developed in "gungjung" which means a Korean court.

paragraphs: General tteokbokki is cooked with seasoning using gochujang with starch syrup or sugar for the sweet taste. Generally gungjung tteokbokki uses beef and vegetable because it was cooked at court but general tteokbokki uses fish cake, green onions and boiled egg.

paragraphs: jja-jang tteokbokki () is a stir-fried dish with jjajang.

paragraphs: In a cook book named 'Siuijeonseo' which was written in late 1800s, there is a record of tteokbokki. However, tteokbokki might have existed before the late 1800s because the main ingredient is rice cake and there were rice cakes during the Three Kingdoms of Korea period.

paragraphs: Gungjung tteokbokki is different from tteokbokki because there were no red peppers in Joseon Dynasty so they made gungjung tteokbokki with vegetables and meats. Modern tteokbokki was first made by Mabokrim who has sold tteokbokki with gochujang since 1953.


title: Hōreki

paragraphs: , also known as Horyaku, was a after "Kan'en" and before "Meiwa." The period started in October 1751 and ended in June 1764. During this time, the emperor and emperess were and .

paragraphs: The "nengō" "Hōreki" means "Valuable Calendar" or "Valuable Almanac". This time frame was created by Emperor Momozono in 1754.

paragraphs: The previous era ended in 1751 ("Kan'en 4, 27th day of the 10th month"); however, this nengō was created years later. By Imperial command, the era was re-named on December 2, 1754, which then became 19th day of the 10th month of the 4th year of Hōreki.


title: South African Republic

paragraphs: The South African Republic (Dutch: "Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek", ZAR), often informally called the Transvaal Republic, was a sovereign state in southern Africa ruled by the Afrikaners. It was defeated by the UK and its colonies, the British Cape Colony and the Colony of Natal in the Second Boer War and became the British colony of Transvaal.


title: Inland sea

paragraphs: Inland seas, also called epeiric or epicontinental seas, are shallow seas over part of a continent.

paragraphs: They usually happen with marine transgressions, when the sea overtops the land. They are caused by either global high ('eustatic') sea level or the formation of large geologic basins which eventually connect to the ocean.

paragraphs: There have been, at some periods, shallow seas "inside" continents. Much of present-day North America was covered by an epicontinental sea called the Sundance Sea during the Jurassic period. In the Cretaceous an even larger area was covered by the Western Interior Seaway. A modern example is the Baltic Sea. The North Sea is not an inland sea, but it does sit on continental shelf, and so is epeiric (that is what the word means). The Hudson Bay is often considered an epeiric sea because its depth averages 100ft (30 m) whereas, for example, the Bay of Bengal is 2,600 metres (8000 ft) deep. So epeiric seas are on the continental plate, as are inland seas. The inland seas, however, are more enclosed.

paragraphs: The Amazon basin originally emptied into the Pacific Ocean when South America and Africa were part of Gondwana.

paragraphs: After the breakup of Gondwana, the Amazon found its exit blocked by the rise of the Andes about 15 million years ago (mya). A great inland sea developed, at times draining north through what is now Venezuela before finding its present eastward outlet into the South Atlantic. Gradually this inland sea became a vast freshwater lake and wetlands where sediment flattened its profiles and the marine inhabitants adapted to life in freshwater. Over 20 species of stingray, most closely related to those found in the Pacific Ocean, live today in the freshwaters of the Amazon, which is also home to a freshwater dolphin.

paragraphs: The Mediterranean Sea looks like a clear-cut example of an inland sea, but its deepest point is 5,267 m (17,280 ft) in the Calypso Deep of the Ionian Sea. The Mediterranean is a genuine sea which has been squashed almost out of existence by the movement of Africa against the European tectonic plate. It was formerly part of the ancient Tethys Ocean, which surrounded the old global supercontinent of Pangaea. So the Mediterranean is different from those inland seas which sit on top of continental plates.

paragraphs: The Black Sea, on the other hand, is a genuine inland sea because it sits on continental plates which have subsided.

paragraphs: A vast inland sea extended from the Gulf of Mexico deep into present-day Canada during the Cretaceous. It split the continent of North America into two halves, Laramidia and Appalachia, for most of the mid- and late-Cretaceous period. It was 2,500 feet (760 m) deep, 600 miles (970 km) wide and over 2,000 miles (3,200 km) long.

paragraphs: The Sundance Sea existed in North America during the mid to late Jurassic period of the Mesozoic Era. It was an arm of what is now the Arctic Ocean, and extended through what is now western Canada into the central western United States. The sea receded when highlands to the west began to rise. The sedimentary rocks which formed in and around the Sundance Sea are often rich in fossils.


title: Daruma doll

paragraphs: The doll is a hollow, round, traditional Japanese doll. It is modeled after Bodhidharma, the founder of the Zen sect of Buddhism.

paragraphs: The Daruma dolls are a kind of toy ("omocha"). The Daruma figurine is also a tumbler doll or roly-poly toy. When the doll is tumbled about, it rights itself. The two were well recognized as synonymous by the mid-19th century. Today, Daruma dolls are widely known, regardless of religion or sect.

paragraphs: Most daruma dolls are made of papier mache, and weighted at the bottom so the doll stands. The dolls are typically painted red. Darumas are sold with the eyes being white. Most daruma dolls are made in Takasaki City at the center of Japan. A fair is held in early January every year for the sale of darumas. Daruma dolls are symbols of good luck and business prosperity.

paragraphs: Dolls are sold without the eyes painted in. The custom is to make a resolution or a wish and darken the left eye of the daruma. When the resolution or the wish is fulfilled, the right eye is also darkened. This custom is seen widely today especially in the case of election or entrance examination in.


title: Viña del Mar

paragraphs: Viña del Mar is a Chilean city and commune with 286.931 inhabitants (2002 census). It was created in 1878.


title: Suzuki Choinori

paragraphs: Choinori ("riding nearby" in Japanese) is a scooter built by Suzuki.

paragraphs: It was launched at 2003 for 59,800 Yen. Reducing the size and not using any high cost parts were the secret to low price. However, because of cutting costs, they do not have rear suspension and the maximum speed is around . It also has an aluminum four-stroke 50 cc engine. The special thing about the engine is that it weighs 40% less than other four-stroke engines. It also make the scooter lighter and cheaper.

paragraphs: Due to its low price, it was a great hit in Japan. However, Suzuki stopped producing Choinori in 2007 because it failed to pass the new gas emission standards.


title: Meiwa

paragraphs: The "nengō" "Meiwa" means "Radiant Harmony".


title: Mourning

paragraphs: Mourning refers to process of grieving. This almost always happens at funerals whenever a loved one passes away.


title: Independent record label

paragraphs: An independent record label is a company which musicians can use to make and sell records. These companies are different from major record labels because they are smaller and don't operate under any major businesses.

paragraphs: Some examples of independent record labels are:


title: An'ei

paragraphs: The "nengō" "An'ei" means "Eternal Tranquility" or "Peaceful and Long".


title: Take

paragraphs: A take is a performance which is continuously recorded. The word is used in movies and music to track the stages of production.

paragraphs: In movie-making, a take means each filmed "version" of a shot. Takes of each shot are generally numbered starting with "take one" and the number of each take after that is increased (with the director calling for "take two", "take three", "take four", etc.) until the filming of the shot is finished.


title: Lizzy Pattinson

paragraphs: Elizabeth "Lizzy" Pattinson is an English singer and songwriter.

paragraphs: Lizzy has a sister, Victoria and brother, actor Robert Pattinson.

paragraphs: Lizzy has performed with the UK dance act Aurora and German duo Milk & Sugar. She was lead vocalist for them on Milk & Sugar's No. 1 "Billboard" Hot Dance Club Play track "Let The Sun Shine". She has had three Top 20 hits in the UK.

paragraphs: In 2008 Lizzy recorded background vocals for the movie "Twilight". She is heard on the track "Who Are They?" by Carter Burwell.


title: Kansei

paragraphs: The "nengō" "Kansei" means "Lenient Government".


title: Pontoise

paragraphs: Pontoise is a commune of the Val-d'Oise department in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is from the centre of Paris, in the "new town" of Cergy-Pontoise.


title: Fuse

paragraphs: A fuse is a device that shuts off the power to an electrical circuit when too much electric current flows through it. This usually happens when too many appliances are plugged in or when there is a short circuit. A fuse is made as an intentional weak spot in a circuit that will melt (or "blow") when too much current is flowing through it, shutting off the power to the rest of the circuit. This protects the rest of the circuit. After the fuse blows, the problem that caused it to blow must be corrected and the fuse must be replaced to restore power to the circuit. A circuit breaker does the same job as a fuse, but it can be reset without replacing anything.

paragraphs: Fuses in plugs are made in standard ratings. The most common are 3 A, 5 A and 13 A. The fuse should be rated at a slightly higher current than the device needs. e.g. if the device works a 3 A use 5 A fuse. Fast and slow fuses are made. Fast acting fuses blow immediately once the current rating is exceeded. Slow blow fuses will let the current exceed the rating for a fraction of a second, to allow devices like motors to start up.


title: Naengmyeon

paragraphs: Naengmyeon is a traditional Korean summer food. The name means "cold noodles". Naengmyeon’s basic ingredients are flour, a boiled egg, slices of cucumber and slices of boiled meat. Water or gochujang can be added depending on the type of Naengmyeon. There are many kinds of noodles made from wheat, buckwheat, potatoes or sweet potatoes.

paragraphs: According to the 19th century writings, it has been made since the Joseon Dynasty. It began as a delicacy in northern Korea. It was popular in the cities of Pyongyang and Hamhung in North Korea. Naengmyeon became widely popular in Korea after the Korean War.

paragraphs: The two main types of naengmyeon are "mul naengmyeon" and "bibim naengmyeon". Mul naengmyeon is served as a cold soup with the noodles contained in broth made from beef or chicken. Bibim naengmyeon is served with a spicydressing made mainly from gochujang (red chili paste).


title: Mathieu de Costa

paragraphs: Mathieu de Costa was the first known African to come to Canada, in the early 17th century. He was a storekeeper and translator. He spoke many languages including Portuguese, French, Dutch, English, pidgin Basque, his original African language, and Míkmaq. He helped to make a connection between the Europeans and the Míkmaq people. He was a freeman. Europeans liked that he talked many languages. The Port Royal Habitation National Historic Site of Canada remembers his work. They are in Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia.


title: Tadao Ando

paragraphs: Tadao Ando is a Japanese architect. He was born in Osaka in 1941. Before he designed buildings, he had many other important experiences in his life. He became a professional boxer as a teenager and spent time in Thailand fighting. He then traveled around the world to learn about buildings. Ando became successful in the 1970s and has built buildings all over the world.

paragraphs: In 1995, Ando won the Pritzker Prize in 1995.


title: X rating

paragraphs: In the original Motion Picture Association of America film rating system, X rating represented that no one under 18 should be allowed to enter. Unlike the others, this rating was not copyrighted, and the rating became tied to pornography. Many theaters chose not to take an X rated movie, and many newspapers would not run ads for them. Certain movie companies had to release their films without rating, in particular independent movies. In Autumn 1990 the X was replaced with NC-17, but over the years, NC-17 absorbed the same stigma that the earlier X rating had.


title: Sinhala script

paragraphs: Sinhala script is an Abugida, a script between a syllabic and alphabetic script. It is used to write Sinhala, the official language of Sri Lanka. It is sometetimes also used to write Sanskrit and Pali. These languages are used for religious texts.


title: Arrondissement of Bayeux

paragraphs: The Arrondissement of Bayeux is an arrondissement of France. It is in the Calvados "département", in the Basse-Normandie region. It has 6 cantons and 126 communes.

paragraphs: The cantons of the arrondissement of Bayeux are:

paragraphs: The communes of the arrondissement of Bayeux, and their INSEE codes, are:


title: Abugida

paragraphs: An abugida is a writing system that is neither a syllabic nor alphabetic script, but somewhere in between. It has sequences of consonants and vowels that are written as a unit, each based on the consonant letter. Vowels must be written down as well, but they are secondary.

paragraphs: Syllables are built up of consonants, each of which has an inherent vowel, which means a vowel is assumed to be pronounced in a syllable even if it is not written down. For example, in Thai, the syllable written as the consonant-vowel pair หา is pronounced "hā", but the syllable just written as a consonant ห is pronounced "hɔ."

paragraphs: Diacritic symbols are used to change or mute the inherent vowel, and separate vowel letters may be used when vowels occur at the beginning of a syllable or on their own.

paragraphs: In some abugidas, certain vowels can be written to the right, to the left, on top, or below the consonant that is spoken before it, even if the reading order of the consonants must all be left-to-right or right-to-left. An example of this will use the Thai consonant ก to show where the following vowels must be written.

paragraphs: This is different from a truly alphabetic script, in which the vowels and consonants have the same status, and an abjad, whose vowels are left out. Ethiopic and some languages found on the Indian subcontinent are examples of abugidas.

paragraphs: Some forms of shorthand also employ diacritics to indicate vowels.

paragraphs: The name 'abugida' is derived from the first four letters of the Ge'ez (Ethiopic) alphasyllabary writing system.


title: Tyrrell Racing

paragraphs: The Tyrrell Racing Organisation was an auto racing team and Formula One constructor (race car maker). It was created by Ken Tyrrell. The team started racing in 1958 and started building its own cars in 1970. The team had its best success in the early 1970s. During that time, it won three drivers' championships and one constructors' championship with Jackie Stewart. The team never did as well again, but it kept winning races through the 1970s and into the early 1980s. It won its final win at Detroit in 1983. The team was bought by British American Tobacco in 1997. It finished its last season as Tyrrell in 1998.

paragraphs: Tyrrell Racing was created in 1958. It used Formula Three cars for Ken Tyrrell and local stars. Tyrrell stopped being a driver in 1959. He did not think that he was good enough as a driver. He began to run a Formula Junior operation. He used the woodshed owned by his family business, Tyrrell Brothers, to do the work on the cars. During the 1960s, Tyrrell moved through the lower levels of formula racing. John Surtees and Jacky Ickx raced for their first times with his team. The team's most famous partnership was with Jackie Stewart. Stewart first signed up in 1963.

paragraphs: Tyrrell ran the BRM Formula 2 operation during 1965, 1966 and 1967. During this time, Stewart was signed to the Formula One team. Tyrrell then signed a deal to run Formula 2 cars made by French company Matra.

paragraphs: With the help of Elf and Ford, Tyrrell moved to Formula One in 1968. He started as a part of Matra International. It was made up of Tyrrell's own team and the French auto maker Matra. Stewart was expected to race very well. He won several Grands Prix in the teams Matra MS10. The car's most unusual feature was the use of aviation-styled structural fuel tanks. These let the car to be around 15 kg lighter. Although it was lighter, it was still stronger than the cars it was racing against. The FIA thought that the technology was not safe. They chose to not let it be used in 1970. They said that rubber bag-tanks had to be used instead.

paragraphs: For the 1969 championship, the Matra team chose to not compete in Formula One. Instead of competing, Matra worked with Ken Tyrrell's 'Matra International' team. They built a new DFV powered car with structural fuel tanks, even though it would only be able to be used for a single season. Stewart won the 1969 title easily driving the new Cosworth-powered Matra MS80. Stewart's title was the first won by a French chassis. It was the only one won by a chassis built in France. It was a very special event for a team and a constructor that had only entered Formula One the year before.

paragraphs: IN 1970, Matra merged with Simca. For the 1970 season, Tyrrell was asked by Matra to use Simca's V12 in place of the Cosworth. Simca was a subsidiary of the American company Chrysler which was competition for Ford. Stewart tested the Matra V12. He did not think it was as good as the DFV. Ford gave Tyrrell a large part of the money they needed to race. The team also got money for the French petroleum company Elf. Elf had an agreement with Renault that did not allow them to provide money to anyone who was partnered with Simca. Because of this, Ken Tyrrell had to buy a March 701 chassis as temporary solution while making his own car in secret.

paragraphs: Tyrrell was still sponsored by French fuel company Elf, and Tyrrell would keep the traditional French blue racing colours for most of the rest of the time the company existed. Tyrrell and Stewart ran the March-Fords throughout 1970 with mixed success. During this time, Derek Gardner worked on the first Tyrrell built Grand Prix car at the woodshed in Ockham, Surrey.

paragraphs: The Tyrrell 001, which looked like the MS80, was first seen in . It earned Stewart a pole position in the Canadian GP. The car had problems in all of its 3 race starts. The nearly identical Tyrrell 003 won both Drivers' and Constructors' Championships in . Stewart's had health problems dealing with a stomach ulcer in 1972 and did not race. He was well in 1973 and raced again. He finishing 1st in the Championship. On October 6, 1973, Tyrrell's other driver was killed in practice for the US Grand Prix at Watkins Glen. Stewart, who was to stop racing at the end of the season, and Tyrrell decided they did not want to keep racing. Without their best driver, Tyrrell were never serious World Championship contenders again.

paragraphs: The team did still win some races during the 1970s with Jody Scheckter and Patrick Depailler. Most notable of these was Scheckter's win at the 1976 Swedish Grand Prix. They finished first and second in that race using an unusual Derek Gardner designed Tyrrell P34 car. The P34 was the first (and only) successful six-wheeled F1 car. They replaced front wheels with smaller wheels mounted in banks of two on either side of the car. The design was no longer used after Goodyear refused to make the small tires needed for the car.

paragraphs: In 1977, the Turbo era started in Grand Prix racing. By the mid-1980s, normal (non-turbo) cars could not race as well. Without the enough money, Tyrrell was the last team with the Cosworth DFV. All other teams had changed to turbocharged engines. It was the start of two decades of bad times for Tyrrell. The last win for the classic Cosworth Ford DFV engine was by a Tyrrell car, Michele Alboreto at the 1983 Detroit Grand Prix. It was also Tyrrell's last Grand Prix win.

paragraphs: Tyrrell had money problems in the 1980s and 1990s. In the late 1990s, Tyrrell had problems with his health as well. In 1998 and in the face of dwindling form and ill health, he sold his team to British American Tobacco. The team became British American Racing. The last race for Tyrrell was the 1998 Japanese Grand Prix, where Ricardo Rosset failed to qualify and team-mate Toranosuke Takagi ended the race on lap 28 after a collision with Esteban Tuero's Minardi.

paragraphs: "*" In 1968 and 1969 Tyrrell ran the works-supported Matra team, hence were not eligible for Constructors' Championship points themselves. Totals in brackets are those scored by Tyrrell drivers that counted toward the Matra-Ford total.

paragraphs: "**" During 1970, in addition to their own 001 car, Tyrrell ran March-built cars for which Tyrrell were not eligible for Constructors' Championship points. Points in brackets are those scored by Tyrrell drivers that counted toward March's total of 48.

paragraphs: "***"Winners of the Colin Chapman Trophy, with 169 points.

paragraphs: Formula One World Championship results for Tyrrell cars entered by other teams.


title: Copenhagen Metro

paragraphs: The Copenhagen Metro (Danish: Københavns metro) is the longest underground traffic system in Denmark. It is a 20.5 km (12.7 mi) metro system. It was opened between 2002 and 2007, and has two lines, M1 (green) 14.3 km (8.9 mi) and M2 (yellow) 14.2 km, (8.8 mi). M3 and M4 will be made in the future. In 2009, the metro carried 50 million passengers.


title: Weston, Illinois (DuPage County)

paragraphs: Weston, Illinois was a community next to Batavia. It was a subdivision of pre-fabricated homes started in the early 1960s. Sales were very slow, so the land developers tried to attract Fermilab to be a new employer on the edge of the new town. However, it turned out that the amount of land needed would swallow up the entire town. So, the town voted to sell all of the land, including the houses that had been built to Fermilab. The people wanted to move the town to the east beyond the edge of Fermilab, but county officials prohibited the move. The town then dissolved.

paragraphs: Before new Fermilab buildings could be finished, the scientists moved into the Weston houses and also moved all of the farm houses on Fermilab to that location for use as office space. They renamed Weston, "Fermilab Village." It still houses visiting scientists.


title: Kim Ok-gyun

paragraphs: Kim Ok-gyun (Korean: 김옥균; 1851 – 1894) was Korean Joseon Dynasty politician and diplomat. His nicknames were Gowoo (Korean: 고우, 古遇) and Gokyun (Korean: 고균, 古筠).


title: Great Britain at the Olympics

paragraphs: Great Britain at the Olympics is a history which includes 50 games in 23 countries and 6,000+ athletes. Since 1896, sportsmen of the United Kingdom have taken part the growth of the "Olympic Movement".

paragraphs: The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Great Britain is GBR.

paragraphs: The British National Olympic Committee was formed in 1905. It was recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1905.

paragraphs: Great Britain's team first competed at the 1896 Summer Olympics in Berlin.

paragraphs: Great Britain is the name that the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland uses when it competes at the Olympic Games. Great Britain was one of 14 teams to compete in the first Games in 1896. It has competed at every Games. As of 2012, Athletes from Great Britain have won 780 medals at the Summer Olympic Games. They have won 22 at the Winter Olympic Games. Great Britain is the only team to have won at least one gold medal at every Summer Games.

paragraphs: Great Britain was the name given to the United Kingdom team for the 1908 Summer Olympics. It was also given the IOC country code "GBR". The team is also called "Team GB". Representatives of the devolved Northern Ireland government, do not think this is a good name. They think it suggests that Northern Ireland is not part of the British Olympic team, and they think the name should be changed to Team UK. However, British is a correct term for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland as, for instance, in "the British Government".

paragraphs: In an agreement between the British and Irish Olympic groups, athletes from Northern Ireland can choose to be a part of the Irish Olympic team. All British people may have dual citizenship if they wish.

paragraphs: London, the United Kingdom's capital, has hosted the Games on three occasions.

paragraphs: In 2012, London became the first city to host the Olympics three times.


title: Sundance Sea

paragraphs: The Sundance Sea was an inland or epeiric sea covering much of western North America in the Jurassic period. It was an arm of what is now the Arctic Ocean, and extended through what is now western Canada into the central western United States. The sea receded (moved back) when highlands to the west began to rise.

paragraphs: The Sundance Sea did not occur at a single time; evidence suggests that it was a series of five successive marine transgressions. Each was separated by a period of erosion.The sea advanced and receded from the Middle Jurassic onwards. The terrestrial sediments of the Morrison Formation eroded from rising highlands to the west were deposited on top of the calcareous Sundance Formation as the sea retreated for the last time, late in the Jurassic.

paragraphs: The sedimentary rocks which formed in and around the Sundance Sea are often rich in fossils.

paragraphs: The Sundance Sea was rich in many types of animals. The oyster "Gryphaea" was very common, and shark teeth have been found. Fish, belemnites and to an extent ammonites swarmed in shoals. Crinoids and bivalvia dotted the seafloor. "Ophthalmosaurus", a large ichthyosaur, swam in the seas using its large, long jaws to catch belemnite 'squid'. "Pantosaurus", a plesiosaur the size of a seal, went after the easier-to-catch fish. The largest marine reptile in the Sundance Sea was "Megalneusaurus", a large pliosaur similar to "Liopleurodon". Its fossils have been found in Alaska and Wyoming, which were both covered by the Sundance Sea when it was alive.

paragraphs: During the periods of recession, dinosaurs and other Jurassic animals walked on the shores, leaving fossil footprints.


title: Western Interior Seaway

paragraphs: The Western Interior Seaway was a huge inland sea. It split North America into two halves for most of the mid- and late-Cretaceous Period. It was up to deep, wide and over long.

paragraphs: Sea level was high in the Cretaceous, and the middle part of North America sank down. A shallowly-subducting plate pulled on the bottom of the lithosphere, causing it to move down. The sea entered both north and south, and came and went during the course of the Cretaceous. Widespread carbonate deposition suggests that the Seaway was warm and tropical, with abundant calcareous algae. The shrunken, regressive phase of the Western Interior Seaway is sometimes called the Pierre Seaway.

paragraphs: The Western Interior Seaway was a shallow sea filled with abundant marine life. This included predatory marine reptiles such as plesiosaurs, and mosasaurs that grew up to 18 meters long. Other marine life included sharks such as "Squalicorax" and the giant shellfish-eating "Ptychodus mortoni" (believed to be 10 meters long). There were advanced bony fish such as the massive 5-meter long "Xiphactinus" – a fish larger than any modern bony fish. Other sea life included invertebrates such as molluscs, ammonites, squid-like belemnites, and plankton including coccolithophores that secreted the chalky platelets that give the Cretaceous its name, foraminiferans and radiolarians.

paragraphs: The Western Interior Seaway was home to early birds also, including the flightless "Hesperornis" which had stout legs for swimming through water and small wing-like appendages used for marine steering rather than flight; and the tern-like "Ichthyornis", an early avian with a toothy beak. "Icthyornis" shared the sky with large pterosaurs such as "Nyctosaurus" and "Pteranodon". "Pteranodon" fossils are very common and it was likely a major component of the surface ecosystem, though it was only found in the southern reaches of the Seaway.

paragraphs: On the bottom, the giant clam "Inoceramus" left common fossilized shells in the Pierre Shale. This clam had a thick shell paved with "prisms" of calcite deposited at right angles to the surface, giving a pearly luster in life. Paleontologists suggest that its giant size was an adaptation for life in the murky bottom waters, where a correspondingly large gill area would have allowed the animal to cope with oxygen-depleted waters.


title: Common Poorwill

paragraphs: The Common Poorwill ("Phalaenoptilus nuttallii") is a nocturnal bird of the family Caprimulgidae, the nightjars. It is found from British Columbia and southeastern Alberta, through the western United States to northern Mexico. The bird's habitat is dry, open areas with grasses or shrubs, and even stony desert slopes with very little vegetation.


title: Hooded pitohui

paragraphs: The hooded pitohui ("Pitohui dichrous"), is a songbird of New Guinea with black and orange plumage.

paragraphs: This species and its two close relatives, the variable pitohui and the brown pitohui, were the first known poisonous birds. A neurotoxin found in the birds' skin and feathers causes numbness and tingling in those touching the bird.

paragraphs: The hooded pitohui gets its poison from part of its diet, the "Choresine" beetles of the Melyridae family. These beetles are also a likely source of the lethal batrachotoxins found in Colombia's poison dart frogs.

paragraphs: Common and widespread throughout New Guinea, the hooded pitohui is of 'Least Concern' on the IUCN Red List of threatened species.


title: Tenpō

paragraphs: The "nengō" "Tenpō" means "Heavenly Protection".


title: Direct proof

paragraphs: A direct proof is a way of showing that something is true or false by using logic. This is done by combining known facts. No assumptions are made when doing a direct proof. Lemmas and theorems are used to prove direct proofs.

paragraphs: A statement that can be proved with a direct proof is usually in the form "if "p", then "q"." Here, "p" and "q" are facts. To solve a statement like this, every case where "p" is true must be considered.

paragraphs: For example, this statement can be solved with a direct proof: "if x and y are even integers, then x+y is an even integer." Since x and y are even, then we can say that "x=2m" and "y=2n," where "m" and "n" are integers. (This is a lemma.) We can also say that "m+n" is an integer, because adding two integers gives an integer. (This is another lemma.) Then we can say that "x+y=2m+2n=2(m+n)". Since "m+n" is an integer, we can say "2(m+n)=2k", where "k=m+n". We know that any integer times 2 is an even integer. We can then say that any two even integers added together give an even integer.

paragraphs: Direct proofs are used in mathematics, logic, and computer science. The opposite of a direct proof is an indirect proof (also called a "proof by contradiction".)


title: Death Valley Junction

paragraphs: Death Valley Junction (formerly, Amargosa and '"Death Valley'") is a tiny Mojave Desert community in unincorporated Inyo County, California, at the intersection of SR 190 and SR 127, just east of Death Valley National Park. The zip code is 92328, the elevation is , and the population fewer than 20. It contains the Amargosa Opera House and Hotel.


title: Criticism of Christianity

paragraphs: Since its beginning, Christianity has been criticized by people in all professions and by people of all other religions. The reason for the criticism varies: many Christians have followed the Bible in criticising homosexuality, abortion and many other hot button issues. Also, Christianity may be rejected because of lack of interest, due to abuse of Christianity, or some just prefer to not convert into it.

paragraphs: Beginning with the Enlightenment, in the 18th century, people began to apply methods of text criticism they had also applied to other documents, and philosophical writings. This form of criticism uses reason, rather than revelations to study texts. There are four primary types of Biblical criticism: form, traditional, higher and lower criticism.

paragraphs: Conservative Christians, as well as much of Orthodox Judaism and Karaite Judaism, support the idea that the Bible is historically accurate. Moderate and liberal Christians generally think the Bible texts are historical, and reliable. They do however think that certain passages should not be read literally, but metaphorically.


title: Kōka

paragraphs: During the Koka era, Hiroshige began making prints of women in the context of famous places.


title: Hoxne treasure

paragraphs: The Hoxne treasure is the largest find of late Roman silver and gold in Britain, and the largest collection of gold and silver coins of the fourth and fifth century found anywhere in the Roman Empire.

paragraphs: The treasure was found by metal detector in the village of Hoxne in Suffolk, England, on 1992. The hoard consists of 14,865 Roman gold, silver and bronze coins from the late fourth and early fifth centuries, and about 200 items of silver tableware and gold jewellery.

paragraphs: The objects are now in the British Museum in London, where the most important pieces and a selection of the rest are on permanent display. In 1993, the Treasure Valuation Committee valued the hoard at £1.75 million (today £).

paragraphs: The hoard was buried as an oak box or small chest filled with items in precious metal, with some in smaller wooden boxes and others in bags or wrapped in fabric. Remnants of the chest, and of fittings such as hinges and locks, were recovered in the dig. The coins date the hoard to after AD 407, about the end of Britain as a Roman province.

paragraphs: The owners and reasons for burial of the hoard are unknown, but it was carefully packed and the contents seem what a very rich family might have owned. The lack of large silver serving vessels and of some of the most common types of jewellery, suggest that the hoard is only part of the wealth of its owner.

paragraphs: The Hoxne treasure contains several rare and important objects, including a gold body-chain and silver-gilt pepper-pots. The hoard was excavated by archaeologists with the items largely undisturbed and intact. The find has helped to improve the relationship between people using metal detectors and archaeologists. It has influenced a change in English law on finds of treasure.


title: Tōhoku region

paragraphs: The is one of Japan's traditional regions. The Japanese conventions of geography and history divide the nation into eight regions, including the Tōhoku region. These have been used since 1905 as basic units for description and comparison and as cultural markers.

paragraphs: The regions of Japan are a fusion of historical divisions and modern administrative needs. The significance of the region in Japan is geographical, cultural and administrative.

paragraphs: In the late 7th century, the "Tōsandō" region were identified as one of the eight largest administrative areas of the Imperial system ("ritsuryo seido").

paragraphs: "Gokishichidō" is an ancient system of names for parts of the country, including "Tōsandō". "Tōhoku" covers the northern area of the island of Honshū in roughly the same area as the traditional "Tōsandō".

paragraphs: In the Meiji period, the modern regional system was made by Imperial decree. Japan was divided into regions ("chihō"), including the Tōhoku region. A regional council ("chihō gyōsei kyōgisai") was headed by the governor of the most powerful prefecture in the regional grouping. The council also included regional chiefs of central government ministries.

paragraphs: Over time, Tōhoku has developed its own regional dialects, customs and unique traditional culture. Tōhoku is famous for farming. Now a lot of kinds of vegetable are grown.

paragraphs: The Tōhoku University was built in 1907.

paragraphs: In 2011, Tōhoku was struck with a very strong earthquake and tsunami. It caused a lot of damage. Now, people in Japan do their best for the complete revival of Tōhoku.

paragraphs: The region occupies the northeastern part of Honshu, which is the largest Japanese island.

paragraphs: The region has six prefectures. From north to south, they are:


title: Sri Lanka Railways S11

paragraphs: Sri Lanka Railways Class S11 is a diesel multiple-unit (DMU) train, built for Sri Lanka Railways by RITES Ltd, an Indian state infrastructure corporation. The DMUs are currently being imported in phases, with the last batch arriving in Sri Lanka in March 2012. They were built to replace locomotive-hauled passenger trains. Twenty S11 DMUs were ordered to strengthen long distance travel on the Coastal railway line from Colombo to Matara.


title: Communes of the Guadeloupe department

paragraphs: The following is a list of the 32 communes of the Guadeloupe overseas department of France.

paragraphs: Former communes detached from Guadeloupe on February 22, 2007:


title: Germany at the Olympics

paragraphs: German athletes have been a part of most of the Olympic Games since the first modern Games in 1896.

paragraphs: The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Germany is GER.

paragraphs: Germany has hosted three Olympic Games. They hosted both the Winter and Summer Games in 1936. They also hosted the 1972 Summer Olympics. Germany was also to be the host of the 1916 Summer Olympics and the 1940 Winter Olympics. Neither of these were held because of World War I and World War II. After these wars, Germans were not allowed to be a part of the Olympics in 1920, 1924 and 1948. From after World War II until 1990, the country was divided and took part in the Olympics separately. Each of the two German states boycotted the Summer Games. West Germany was one of 65 countries that did not go to Moscow in 1980. This boycott was because of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. In 1984 East Germany joined the Soviet boycott of the Summer Games in Los Angeles.

paragraphs: German athletes have won 1618 medals. . They have won 528 gold, 542 silver and 548 bronze medals.

paragraphs: German organisations were ended by the Allies in 194. In 1950 the IOC accepted the Nationales Olympisches Komitee für Deutschland for all of Germany. It was in (West) Germany.

paragraphs: Due to the Cold War, the (German Democratic Republic) was created in October 1949. A National Olympic Committee (NOC) for East Germany was created in 1951. It was not accepted by the IOC at first. Until 1965, athletes of the NOC of East Germany had to join the German team represented by the NOC of (West) Germany. This team took part in the Olympics from 1956 to 1964. It is now called the United Team of Germany ("EUA", "Equipe Unifiée Allemande"), but was Germany ("GER") then. Because of Germany being divided, from 1968 to 1990 two teams took part in each of the Games. Their designations were "GER" for the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) and "GDR" for the German Democratic Republic (East Germany). In 1980 the West German code was changed to "FRG". After the East Germany became a part of Germany again in 1990, Germany had a single team. It was designated "GER".

paragraphs: In the early 1950s the French-controlled Saar had its own NOC. It took part in the 1952 Summer Olympics. It became a part of the German Olympic team in 1956.


title: Line Islands

paragraphs: The Line Islands are an island chain in the central Pacific Ocean near the equator. Three of the islands are territories of the United States of America. These islands are Jarvis Island, Kingman Reef, and Palmyra Island. The rest of the islands are part of Kiribati, an island nation in the Pacific ocean. The Islands that are part of Kiribati are Washington Island, Tabuaeran, Kiritimati, Malden Island, Starbuck Island, Caroline Island, Flint Island, and Vostok Island. The islands are sometimes grouped into the southern line islands (Caroline, Vostok, and Flint islands), central line islands (Jarvis Island, Malden Island, and Starbuck islands), and northern line islands (Kingman Reef, Kiritimati, and Palmyra, Washington, and Fanning islands).


title: Kaei

paragraphs: The "nengō" "Kaei" means "Celebration of Eternity" or "Eternal Felicity"

paragraphs: During the "Kaei" era, the shogunate bought guns and encouraged the manufacture of guns.


title: Fenius Farsaid

paragraphs: Fenius Farsaid was a King in Irish mythology. He was King of Scythia when the Tower of Babel was being built, and one of 72 chieftains working for King Nimrod to build it. He managed to keep his language alive even after Babel confused languages and this eventually became Irish according to the myth. His son Nel married Scota, the daughter of King Cingris of Egypt. From his son the Gaels supposedly descended. He is mentioned in "Lebor Gabala Erenn" and "Auraicept na en-Eces".


title: Weston, Illinois (McLean County)

paragraphs: Weston, Illinois is an unincorporated community in McLean County, Illinois. It is on U.S. Route 24.

paragraphs: On 26 August 1867, W. F. Bryan laid out Weston. The Original Town included 288 small lots, five blocks that were not subdivided and a Public Park. The depot and town hall were on the south side of the tracks. The station was for the Toledo Peoria and Western Railroad. In 1895 there were four churches. Just east of town, Western Cemetery has an area of natural tall grass prairie.


title: Ansei

paragraphs: The "nengō" "Ansei" means "tranquil government".


title: Man'en

paragraphs: The "nengō" "Tenpō" means "Ten Thousand Years Prolonged"


title: Euro disco

paragraphs: Euro disco is a form of disco-based dance music which originated in the late-1970s in Europe, as a more European variant of disco music. Euro disco was based on disco music, yet it was a more encompassing genre which borrowed influences from pop, rock and New Wave music. In such a way, it was more pop-friendly and less "gritty" than regular disco music. It often included synthesizers within its composition.

paragraphs: Euro disco, as the term suggests, was popular in Europe. Nevertheless, it also achieved popularity in the United States through artists such as Donna Summer. Some regard Kraftwerk as the first Euro disco group. Furthermore, Giorgio Moroder was also a major force within the Euro disco scene.


title: Wilson's bird-of-paradise

paragraphs: The Wilson's bird-of-paradise is a small bird of the Paradisaeidae family.

paragraphs: The male is a red and black bird-of-paradise with a yellow mantle on its neck, a light-green mouth, blue feet and two curved violet tail feathers. The head is naked blue with a black double cross pattern on it.

paragraphs: As so often with birds in general, and paradise birds in particular, the female is not showy. It is a brownish bird, though it does have a bare blue crown.

paragraphs: Wilson's bird-of-paradise eat usually fruit or small insects.


title: Woodpecker Finch

paragraphs: The Woodpecker Finch is a species of birds in the family Fringillidae. They live in the Galapagos Islands and are named for their habit of eating grubs that live in the woods. But the woodpecker finch, unlike woodpeckers, does not have a long tongue or a bill that is suitable for getting hold of the grubs. Instead, it uses a cactus spine or twig that is the right shape to dig grubs out.


title: Secretarybird

paragraphs: The secretarybird ("Sagittarius serpentarius") is a large terrestrial bird of prey. It is usually found in African savannas and open grasslands.

paragraphs: Unlike most birds of prey, the secretarybird hunts its prey on foot. Adults hunt in pairs and sometimes as family flocks. They stalk through the grass with long strides. Prey includes insects, mammals from mice to hares and mongoose, crabs, lizards, snakes, tortoises, young birds, bird eggs, and sometimes dead animals killed in grass or bushfires.

paragraphs: The bird is famous for hunting snakes. It even hunts venomous cobras and other reptiles. Its claws are weak and blunt, so to make a kill, it stomps on its victim, breaking its back.

paragraphs: It is put in its own family on the basis of molecular sequence analysis.

paragraphs: Standing up, the secretarybird is nearly 4.5 feet (1.3 m) tall.