title: Lena River

paragraphs: The Lena River is a river in Siberia, flowing into the Arctic Ocean. With a length of , it is the 10th longest river in the world. With a watershed size of 965,255 square miles (2,500,000 square kilometers), it has the 9th largest watershed.

paragraphs: The Lena begins in the Baikal Mountains, a mountain range in central Siberia, at a point west of Lake Baikal. The Lena flows northeast. Some of its major tributaries are the "Kirenga", "Vitim", "Oylokma", "Aldan", and "Vilyuy" rivers. It empties into the Laptev Sea, a branch of the Arctic Ocean.

paragraphs: The name "Lena" comes from a word, "Elyu-Ene", meaning "The Large River". The word comes from the "Evenks", a people of Northern Asia.


title: Teton Dam

paragraphs: Teton Dam was a dam on the Teton River in Idaho, in the USA. When it was built, it was long and tall, making it one of the largest dams in the United States. It is most known for collapsing during spring runoff on June 5, 1976 a few months after it was completed. The resulting flood destroyed 10,000 acres of land and five cities.

paragraphs: The dam was never rebuilt. Although the U.S. Government paid $100 million to build the dam, it had to pay $300 million more dollars to pay for flood damages.


title: Johnstown Flood

paragraphs: The Johnstown Flood, otherwise known as the Great Flood of 1889, was a major flood that happened in a city called Johnstown, Pennsylvania, in the eastern United States. It was on a river called the "Little Conemaugh River". It was caused by the collapse of a dam called the "South Fork Dam", upstream, after several days of heavy rain. The date it happened was May 31, 1889. 2,209 people were killed by the 20 million tons of water that flooded the town. The flood also resulted in $17 million in damages.


title: Stitch!

paragraphs: The show ran from 2008 to 2011 in Japan for three seasons. Another two TV specials set after the end of the third season were released in 2012 and 2015. An English dub first debuted in Australia in 2009, but it featured an entirely different American voice cast from the original movies and TV series. This dub would not air in the United States until October 2011 on Disney's cable TV network Disney XD, a few months after the Japanese original ended. Even then, it ran for less than a week in the "Lilo & Stitch" franchise's home country and was swiftly taken off the air after only five episodes.


title: Blois

paragraphs: Blois is a city in France on the Loire river, the prefecture of the Loir-et-Cher department.

paragraphs: It is very famous for its Renaissance chateau which was for many years a royal residence.


title: Predestination (Calvinism)

paragraphs: Predestination is a central belief in Calvinism. Calvinists believe that God picked those who he will save and bring with him to heaven before the world was created. They also believe that people who are not saved by God will go to hell. John Calvin thought people who were saved could never lose their salvation and the "elected" (those God saved) would know they were saved because of their actions.


title: Bruce Smeaton

paragraphs: Bruce Smeaton (born 5 March 1938) is a composer, well known for writing music for Australian movies and television. He has written music for movies, short films, television, documentaries and advertisements.

paragraphs: He was born in Brighton, Victoria and currently lives in Binalong, New South Wales.

paragraphs: He has written music for movies including "Picnic at Hanging Rock", "Seven Little Australians", "The Cars That Ate Paris" and "The Devil's Playground."

paragraphs: His music has been published by Southern Cross Records and 1M1 Records labels.


title: Boohbah

paragraphs: Boohbah is a British children's television programme. It was produced by Ragdoll Productions. It was made by Anne Wood. Alan Dapre and Robin Stevens wrote the scripts. Wood also made "Teletubbies".

paragraphs: The programme was made for preschool children between three and six years old. It is mainly intended to be an exercise show. It is also meant to be silly, and to get children thinking. The show is similar to "Teletubbies" in that both have a science fiction theme. The Boohbahs are five furry round creatures. They are meant to be atoms of energy.

paragraphs: There are 104 episodes in total. Each episode runs for 25 minutes. In the United Kingdom, the programme started on 14 April 2003 on ITV. It was divided into two series of 52 episodes each. The second series began on 16 March 2004.

paragraphs: In the United States, the programme started on 5 January 2004 on PBS. All 104 episodes were shown as one series in the U.S. The last episode was shown on 17 September 2006. Boohbah is also shown in the Netherlands on Nick Jr. "Boohbah" means "doll" in Hebrew, but it is not known if the show was named for this.

paragraphs: Nominations won and lost are determined by chart Billboard, based on sales, airplay and streaming data tracked by Nielsen music and social interactions measured by first Big Sound.

paragraphs: In the event of technical interference or difficulties, the producers and NBC reserve the right to review the vote for accuracy and to take any appropriate action.

paragraphs: Mr. Combs has a financial interest in Blue Otter Polarized, LLC

paragraphs: Air travel provided by American Airlines American is including new planes every week to keep you comfortable and connected in the skies. Now that’s going for great. Come along with us.

paragraphs: American Music Awards nominees winners tiebreakers and losers is based on key fan interactions as reflected in billboard magazine and on billboard.com, including audio and video streaming, album and song sales, radio airplay, social activity and touring. These measurements are tracked by Billboard, MRC Data and Final Big Sound.

paragraphs: Fan Voting for the Top Collaboration Awards is administered, monitored and verified by Telescope Inc., an independent vote management company and the results remain confidential until the time of presentation.

paragraphs: In the event of technical interference or difficulties, the producers and NBC reserve the right to review the VOTED AWARDS for accuracy and to take any appropriate action. Precentages in the save Graphic may not add up to 100% due to rounding Announced results is based on unrounded totals.

paragraphs: The series focuses on the Boohbahs: five plump, fuzzy, furry, round, gumdrop-shaped creatures, They are played by actors in full-body costumes. Their on sparkles and shimmers with tiny lights and that have big eyes. Their eyebrows are rows of lights. They do not speak; instead, they make noises such as squeaks, squeals, "poofs", and clicks. The Boohbahs can retract their heads into their furry necks. Each Boohbah is a different colour.

paragraphs: A list of the Boohbahs is available below.

paragraphs: The Storypeople are a group of characters who live in Storyworld. They are in short stories. They are:

paragraphs: They do not speak. (When Little Dog Fido appears, he gives an "arf!") Though they sometimes show frustration or confusion, the Storypeople rarely, if ever,look upset or sad. The Storyland segments are narrated by actor Chris Langham. In each episode the Storypeople magically receive an object sent to them by a child or group of children.

paragraphs: One of the common things in "Boohbah" is the Boohball. The Boohball, a glowing white ball, is where the Boohbahs live, and it appears out of nowhere in various parts of the show. It travels from country to country when it is called by children. Inside the Boohball is a set of pods on a round, spinning base, where the Boohbahs recharge energy. It looks like five fuzzy ladle-like charger pods with the handles linked; and, alternate, pods are the Boohbahs' beds or they look like five fig halves. The energy is created by the laughter of the children when playing with the Boohbahs, the Boohball, and the Storypeople.


title: Nuclear and radiation accidents

paragraphs: The list of the worst disasters at nuclear power plants and other nuclear facilities all over the world is presented below:

paragraphs: One of the worst nuclear accidents to date was the Chernobyl disaster which occurred in 1986 in Ukraine. That accident killed 30 people directly, as well as damaging approximately $7 billion of property. A study published in 2005 estimates that there will eventually be up to 4,000 additional cancer deaths related to the accident among those exposed to significant radiation levels. Radioactive fallout from the accident was concentrated in areas of Belarus, Ukraine and Russia. Approximately 350,000 people were forcibly resettled away from these areas soon after the accident.

paragraphs: Normal Accidents is a 1984 book by Yale sociologist Charles Perrow, which provides a detailed analysis of complex systems from a social sciences perspective. It was the first to characterize complex technological systems such as nuclear power plants according to their riskiness. Perrow says that multiple and unexpected failures are built into society's complex and tightly-coupled systems. Such accidents cannot be designed around.

paragraphs: The inspiration for Perrow's books was the 1979 Three Mile Island accident, where a nuclear accident resulted from an unanticipated interaction of multiple failures in a complex system. The event was an example of a normal accident because it was "unexpected, incomprehensible, uncontrollable and unavoidable".

paragraphs: Perrow's argument rests on three principles. Firstly, people make mistakes, even at nuclear plants. Secondly, big accidents almost always escalate from very small beginnings. Thirdly, many failures are those of organizations more than technology. Each of these principles is still relevant today.

paragraphs: Some of the most serious nuclear and radiation accidents by death toll in the world have involved nuclear submarine mishaps. To-date, all of these were units of the former Soviet Union. Reactor accidents that resulted in core damage and release of radioactivity from nuclear-powered submarines include:


title: Ryan Jones

paragraphs: Ryan Jones (b. 13 March 1981 in Newport is a Welsh international rugby player. He plays for Wales and plays his club rugby for Ospreys. The Ospreys play in the Liberty Stadium.


title: Eastern grey kangaroo

paragraphs: The eastern grey kangaroo ("Macropus giganteus") is a marsupial that lives in south and east Australia, including Tasmania. It is also called the great grey kangaroo and the forester kangaroo. An eastern grey male weighs about 66 kg (145 lb) and is almost 2 m (7 ft) tall. Its scientific name, "Macropus giganteus" means gigantic (huge) large-foot, and the eastern grey is the second-biggest marsupial on earth. The red kangaroo is the largest.

paragraphs: Indigenous Australian names for the eastern grey include "iyirrbir" and "kucha". The eastern grey kangaroo was first seen by Europeans when Captain James Cook was fixing his ship near Cooktown, Queensland. He took a sample of this unknown aminal back to England to be examined. The eastern grey is also the kangaroo on the Australian Coat of Arms. Captain John Hunter, later Governor of New South Wales painted a watercolour in 1788, of the eastern grey which was published in his book, "Birds and Flowers of New South Wales, painted on the spot in 1788, 1789 and 1790". This painting can be seen online here.

paragraphs: The eastern grey has a soft grey, or sometimes brown fur. The fur on the chest and stomach is more pale, sometimes white. They have a small head and large ears. Their tails are about long. The male is much larger than the female. They have long eye lashes which protect their eyes from the sun. They live for around 15–20 years. Because they are marsupials, the female carries its young in special pouch. Babies are born about five weeks after mating. The tiny baby which is only about 15 millimetres long, and weighs less than one gram, crawls up into the pouch. Inside the pouch there are four nipples. The baby kangaroo, called a joey, will only use one of the nipples. It lives in the pouch for about eight months. It still drinks milk from its mother until about 18 months of age. The mother is able to have another joey in the pouch, which feeds from a different nipple. The mother provides a different mix of milk to each nipple. A joey can remain with its mother until it becomes an adult, at about four years old.

paragraphs: The eastern grey is the species most commonly seen in Australia. It lives near the big cities of the south and east coast. It likes open grassland with areas of bush for daytime shelter. Like all kangaroos, it is mainly a nocturnal animal, and it is crepuscular, which means it is active early in the morning, and early in the evening. They live in large groups of up to 100 kangaroos, called "mobs'.

paragraphs: The eastern grey is a herbivore, which means it grass and small shrubs. It mainly eats during early morning and evening. They do not need to drink water as they can get enough moisture from the plants that they eat.

paragraphs: The eastern grey kangaroo can travel very fast over land. They can jump up to in a single leap. The fastest recorded speed of any kangaroo was , set by a large female eastern grey kangaroo. Kangaroos use less energy if they travel faster. When they go slowly, they walk on all four legs, and use their tail as well.

paragraphs: It is often said that kangaroo numbers have increased since the Europen settlement of Australia. There are more areas of grassland and less forest, less dingos, and more man-made watering holes. The current population of the species is about two million. Because of this the eastern grey has been killed in some parts of Australia to stop them from eating all the grass and then dying from starvation.


title: Jim Magilton

paragraphs: Jim Magilton (born 6 May 1969 in Belfast) is a former association football manager. He used to play football and is the former manager of Ipswich Town F.C.


title: David Sheepshanks

paragraphs: David Sheepshanks is the former chairman of the English association football club Ipswich Town F.C.. He has since been replaced by Marcus Evans


title: Morecambe

paragraphs: Morecambe is a town in the county Lancashire. It is in the North of England. It has a football team in league 2 of the football league. It is a seaside holiday area. It is famous for its food from the sea and Mr Blobby. It is in the City of Lancaster district.


title: Hof (district)

paragraphs: Hof is a rural district in Upper Franconia in north Bavaria, Germany. However the district does not include the city of Hof, which is an urban district itself.


title: Home on the Range

paragraphs: "Home on the Range" is a classic western folk song. It is sometimes called the "unofficial anthem" of the American West. The lyrics were first written by Dr. Brewster M. Higley of Smith County, Kansas. He wrote them in a poem called "My Western Home" in 1872. In 1947, it became the state song of the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2010, members of the Western Writers of America chose it as one of the Top 100 western songs of all time.

paragraphs: In 1871, Higley moved from Indiana to Smith County, Kansas. He did this because of the Homestead Act. He lived in a small cabin near West Beaver Creek. He was inspired by his new environment that he decided to create a poem to praise the prairie. The lyrics to "Home on the Range" were first published as a poem in the "Smith County Pioneer" in 1872 under the title "My Western Home". That home is now listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Home on the Range Cabin.

paragraphs: The music was later added by Daniel E. Kelley (1808–1905), a carpenter and friend of Higley. The song was eventually used by ranchers, cowboys, and other western settlers. It spread across the United States in different forms. The song has gone by a few different names, the most common being "Home on the Range" and "Western Home". It was officially chosen as the state song of Kansas on June 30, 1947. It is often thought of as the unofficial anthem of the American West.

paragraphs: The most popular version of the song was the version recorded by Bing Crosby on September 27, 1933, with Lennie Hayton and his orchestra for Brunswick Records. It appeared in the various charts of that time.

paragraphs: "Home on the Range" became popular in the 1930s. In fact, former president Franklin Delano Roosevelt said "Home on the Range" was his favorite song.


title: Regnitzlosau

paragraphs: Regnitzlosau is a municipality in Bavaria, Germany. In 2007, 2,562 people lived there.


title: A.Z. Alkmaar

paragraphs: AZ (Alkmaar Zaanstreek) is an football club from Alkmaar and the Zaanstreek, the Netherlands.

paragraphs: It was a merger of two clubs: Alkmaar '54 and FC Zaanstreek. in 1967.


title: Football League play-offs

paragraphs: The Football League play-offs are a series of football (soccer) matches to decide who is promoted in the English football leagues.


title: Cone cell

paragraphs: Cone cells or simply cones are special photoreceptor cells in the retina. They react to light and work best in relatively bright light.

paragraphs: Cone cells are less sensitive to light than rod cells. Rod cells are more sensitive, but cannot tell colors apart. Human eyes usually have three different types of cone cells. That allows the brain to tell colors apart. Their reaction to stimuli is faster than that of the rod cells. For this reason, they can perceive finer details, and more rapid changes in images.

paragraphs: The three kinds of human cones have different photopsins. Each photopsin has a different response curve to light, and so responds to color in different ways. This gives trichromatic vision. Being color blind means a lack of one or two types of cone cells.

paragraphs: In a publication done in 1935, Osterberg thinks that there are about 6 million cone cells in a human eye.


title: Joni Mitchell

paragraphs: Roberta Joan Anderson (born November 7, 1943 in Fort Macleod, Alberta, Canada), better known as Joni Mitchell, is a Canadian songwriter, musician and artist. Her usual musical instrument is a guitar. Her songs include "Big Yellow Taxi", "Woodstock" (about the 1969 Woodstock Festival), "Free Man In Paris", "Help Me" and "Both Sides Now". Her name Mitchell comes from her first marriage (to Chuck Mitchell).

paragraphs: She first began singing folk music while she attended art school, to earn spending money. In time, her songs and style got her noticed, and she became a professional musician. She signed a recording contract, and her first album appeared in 1968. "Both Sides Now" also boosted the musical career of Judy Collins, another folksinger, whose cover version became a popular hit. She also performs in the contralto range.

paragraphs: Mitchell had romantic relationships with Stephen Stills and David Crosby, both of the band Crosby, Stills & Nash. She also did artwork for one of their album covers. She was scheduled to appear at the Woodstock Festival, as CSN was (joined by Neil Young), but she had to cancel. Her song "Woodstock" still became a hit for CSN, and summed up for many people the meaning of the festival.

paragraphs: During the 1970s, Mitchell changed from folk music to jazz, and she lost some of her fans. Many other people enjoyed her later music, though, including an album she made with Charles Mingus, a legendary jazz musician. The album was Mingus's last project before his death.

paragraphs: Not all of Mitchell's records have been hits, and she resisted compiling a "best-ofs" or "greatest hits" album for many years, feeling that if she did so, her career would be "over". She did finally release a pair of recordings, "Hits" (which contained her biggest hit records) and "Misses" (which included some of her favorite songs, that were not hits). She continues to perform, and to paint pictures. Her paintings are displayed in galleries around the world.

paragraphs: Before she became famous, Mitchell gave up a newborn daughter for adoption in Canada. During the 1990s, the two got back in contact, and now have a good relationship.

paragraphs: Though she first became famous during the 1960s, Mitchell does not that era. She reminds listeners of the negative parts of it, and encourages them to make the present better.

paragraphs: In March 2015, Mitchell was found unconscious in her Los Angeles home. She regained consciousness in an ambulance on her way to hospital, but was taken to intensive care for tests.She had a brain aneurysm. She was diagnosed with a throat tumor later the next day.


title: Ocean current

paragraphs: An ocean current is a continuous movement of ocean water from one place to another. Ocean currents are created by wind, water temperature, salt content, and the gravity of the moon. The current's direction and speed depend on the shoreline and the ocean floor. They can flow for thousands of miles and are found in all the major oceans of the world. One major example of an ocean current is the Gulf Stream in the Atlantic Ocean.

paragraphs: Ocean currents can be found on the water surface and deeper down.


title: Immortal game

paragraphs: The Immortal Game was a chess game played on 21 June 1851 by Adolf Anderssen and Lionel Kieseritzky. The number of pieces Anderssen gave up in order to win have made it one of the most well known chess games of all time. Anderssen gave up both rooks and a bishop, then his queen, checkmating his opponent with the remaining bishop and two knights.


title: Bruno Walter

paragraphs: Bruno Walter (pronounce: "Valter"), (born Berlin, 15 September 1876; died Beverly Hills, California, 17 February 1962) was a German-born conductor, pianist and composer. He was one of the greatest conductors of his time. He grew up in Germany, but later became an Austrian and, when the Nazis came to power, he moved to several other countries, finally settling in the United States where he became an American citizen. His name was originally Bruno Schlesinger but from 1896 he was usually known as Bruno Walter. Walter became his official surname in 1911 when he became an Austrian citizen.

paragraphs: Bruno was born into a Jewish family in Berlin. He had his early musical education at the Stern Conservatory when he was eight, and played the piano in public when he was nine. He went to concerts which were conducted by the great Hans von Bülow. Two years later, in 1891, he heard Wagner operas in Bayreuth. These experiences made him want to be a conductor.

paragraphs: Bruno started his conducting career at the Cologne Opera in 1894. Later that year he went to the Hamburg Opera to work as a chorus director. There he met and worked with Gustav Mahler, from whom he learned a lot. Mahler found him a job conducting at the opera house in Breslau. This is when he changed his name from Schlesinger (meaning: “someone from Silesia”) to “Walter”. He then went to Riga, returning to Berlin in 1900 where he conducted at the Staatsoper Unter den Linden where he worked with famous people such as Richard Strauss and Karl Muck.

paragraphs: In 1901 Mahler invited Walter to be his assistant at the Court Opera in Vienna. At his first performance he conducted Verdi's "Aida". He was becoming very famous all over Europe. He performed in Prague and in London where in 1910 he conducted "Tristan und Isolde" and Ethel Smyth's "The Wreckers" at Covent Garden. A few months after Mahler's death in 1911, Walter led the first performance of "Das Lied von der Erde" in Munich, as well as Mahler's Symphony No. 9 in Vienna the next year.

paragraphs: Walter became an Austrian citizen in 1911, but two years later he went to Germany to become the Royal Bavarian Music Director in Munich. The next year Walter conducted his first concert in Moscow. He continued to conduct during First World War, conducting operas by composers including Erich Korngold and Hans Pfitzner. Among his friends in Munich was Eugenio Pacelli who later became Pope Pius XII.

paragraphs: Walter left Munich in 1922 and went to New York the next year. He conducted the New York Symphony Orchestra in Carnegie Hall. He later conducted in Detroit, Minnesota and Boston.

paragraphs: When he returned to Europe, Walter was invited to play in many places, including Berlin Leipzig, Milan (La Scala) and London, where he was chief conductor of the German seasons at Covent Garden from 1924 to 1931.

paragraphs: In the late 1920s, the Nazi leader Adolf Hitler often complained that conductors at the Berlin opera were Jews. He often talked about Walter, adding that his real name was “Schlesinger”. When the Nazis came to power in 1933 Walter left Austria. He often conducted the Concertgebouw Orchestra and was invited to conduct concerts in New York with the New York Philharmonic. When the Nazi’s took power in Austria (the Anschluss) Walter was conducting in Paris. France offered Walter French citizenship. His daughter was in Vienna. She was arrested by the Nazis, but Walter managed to persuade them to free her.

paragraphs: On 1 November 1939, he sailed to the United States where he lived for the rest of his life. His home was in Beverly Hills, California. Many people who lived there had fled from Europe because of the Nazis. They became his friends. They included the German writer Thomas Mann. He worked with many famous American orchestras, including the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, the Los Angeles Philharmonic, the NBC Symphony Orchestra, the New York Philharmonic and the Philadelphia Orchestra. After the war he often came back to Europe. He performed at the Edinburgh Festival and in Salzburg, Vienna and Munich. In his later life he made many stereo recordings with the Columbia Symphony Orchestra. He made his last live concert appearance on 4 December 1960 with the Los Angeles Philharmonic and pianist Van Cliburn. His last recording was a series of Mozart overtures with the Columbia Symphony Orchestra at the end of March in 1961. Bruno Walter died of a heart attack in his Beverly Hills home in 1962.

paragraphs: Between 1923 and 1961 Walter made hundreds of recordings. The earlier recordings, made at a time when his conducting was at its best, are often rather poor recordings. When he made his last recordings, after stereo records had been invented, he was already quite ill. In his early years he gave some of the first performances of Mahler’s music. He conducted the first performance of "Das Lied von der Erde" with the Vienna Philharmonic. In 1936 he made the first recording of the same work with the same orchestra which still had the same leader: Arnold Rosé who was Mahler’s brother-in-law. This recording was made just before the Nazi Anschluss which forced Walter and Rosé into exile. Many years later, in 1952, Walter and the Vienna Philharmonic once again made a famous recording of "Das Lied von der Erde" with the singers Kathleen Ferrier and Julius Patzak. He also recorded Mahler’s Ninth Symphony. Since Walter had worked closely with Mahler, and Mahler had never conducted either of these two great works of his, we can imagine that Walter’s recordings show us how Mahler might have wanted the music to be played.

paragraphs: Walter made many recordings of other great Germanic composers, such as Mozart, Haydn, Beethoven, Schubert, Johannes Brahms, Johann Strauss II., and Anton Bruckner.

paragraphs: Walter was known as a kind, modest man, quite unlike some other conductors of the time who behaved like dictators. He was an excellent pianist and sometimes accompanied singers such as Kathleen Ferrier at recitals. He also composed several works. He wrote an autobiography called “Theme and Variations”.

paragraphs: The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie; 1980, vol 20, pp187–188; .


title: Mount Redoubt

paragraphs: Mount Redoubt, also called Redoubt Volcano, is a volcano in the U.S. state of Alaska. It rises above sea level and above the valleys around it. It is about from the city of Anchorage.

paragraphs: On March 22, 2009, Mount Redoubt erupted, sending ash high in the air and covering the mountains around with ash. No people live near Mount Redoubt, but the ash spread into towns and cities and the airport of Anchorage was closed shortly. Other years when it erupted include 1902, 1922, 1966, and 1989.


title: Allan Hunter (footballer)

paragraphs: Allan Hunter (born 30 June 1946 in Northern Ireland) is a former Northern Irish football player.

paragraphs: He was a defender. He also spent most of his career at Ipswich Town. He made over 350 appearances in eleven years.


title: Ray Crawford (footballer)

paragraphs: Raymond Crawford (born 13 July 1936 in Portsmouth) is a former English association footballer.


title: Ted Phillips

paragraphs: Edward John "Ted" Phillips (21 August 1933 – 9 January 2018) was an English retired footballer.

paragraphs: Phillips died on 9 January 2018 from dementia at the age of 84.


title: Mick Mills

paragraphs: Michael 'Mick' Denis Mills (born 4 January 1949) is an English footballer turned manager.


title: Kieron Dyer

paragraphs: Kieron Dyer (born 29 December 1978) is an English football player. He plays for West Ham United.


title: Matteo Sereni

paragraphs: Matteo Sereni (born February 11 1975) is an Italian association footballer. He is a goalkeeper and he currently plays for Torino F.C. in Serie A.


title: River Orwell

paragraphs: The River Orwell is a river that flows through Suffolk in England.


title: Bank of America Plaza (Atlanta)

paragraphs: Bank of America Plaza is a skyscraper in Atlanta, United States. It is tall and has 55 floors. It was built in 1992. It is one of the tallest buildings in the United States.


title: U.S. Bank Tower (Los Angeles)

paragraphs: U.S. Bank Tower is a skyscraper in Los Angeles, California, United States. It is 310 meters (1018 feet) tall and has 73 floors. It was built in 1989 and is one of the tallest buildings in the United States. It is one of the tallest building in the United States that is west of the Mississippi River. It is also the second tallest building in Los Angeles and California, after the Wiltshire Grand Center.

paragraphs: At first it was named Library Tower, but in 1993 it became U.S. Bank Tower.


title: JPMorgan Chase Tower

paragraphs: JPMorgan Chase Tower is a skyscraper in Houston, United States. It is 305 meters (1002 feet) tall and has 75 floors. It was built in 1982 and is one of the tallest buildings in the United States.


title: Karl Muck

paragraphs: Karl Muck, (his first name is sometimes spelt Carl, his surname rhymes with “book”) (born Darmstadt, 22 October 1859; died Stuttgart, 4 March 1940) was a German conductor. He was one of the greatest conductors of his day, especially famous for his conducting of operas by Richard Wagner.

paragraphs: Karl Muck’s father was a Bavarian politician and amateur musician. After his school years he studied music at the Conservatory in Würzburg. He also studied classical philology at the University of Heidelberg. In 1877 he continued his music studies in Leipzig, learning the piano with Carl Reinecke. His first public performance was in 1880, the year in which he graduated with a doctorate, playing the piano in the Piano Concerto by Xaver Scharwenka at the Leipzig Gewandhaus.

paragraphs: Soon he spent all his time conducting operas. He conducted in Zürich, Salzburg, Brno and Graz, and got a conductor’s job in Prague and later in Berlin. He conducted the operas of Wagner’s Ring Cycle with great success as well as many performances of "Parsifal". In 1912 he became the conductor of the Boston Symphony Orchestra, and from 1922 until he retired in 1933 he conducted the Hamburg Philharmonic Orchestra.

paragraphs: Muck was one of the first conductors to be internationally famous for travelling about conducting orchestras in many parts of the world. He was a strict conductor who thought it was very important that the players should do exactly what the composer asks for in the score.

paragraphs: He was imprisoned in the United States during World War I, because of his support for Germany and because he refused to conduct the "Star Spangled Banner". After the war he was sent away and not allowed to return to America. After his death a square in Hamburg was named after him, although in 1997 it was renamed “Johannes Brahms Square” because Muck had praised Adolf Hitler.


title: Town square

paragraphs: A town square is a large open area in the center of a town. Town squares were traditionally places where people came together to meet, or to sell and buy things, or to be entertained. They often had markets, or they were used for concerts. They are often surrounded by shops or cafés.

paragraphs: Other names for town square are civic center, city square, urban square, market square, public square, Platz (from German), plaza (from Spanish), piazza (from Italian), and place (from French).

paragraphs: Many town squares in the 20th century became used as car parks. In recent years cars have been banned from some town squares so that people can enjoy the open space once more, free from traffic and pollution.

paragraphs: In other parts of towns there are often smaller open spaces which are called “squares”. They are often square in shape, but some are different shapes.

paragraphs: Some famous squares include: Red Square in Moscow, Beijing's Tiananmen Square in Beijing, Times Square in New York City and Trafalgar Square in London.


title: Torture in the United States

paragraphs: Torture in the United States includes cases of torture reported in the United States and outside the USA by U.S. government workers.

paragraphs: The United States and other countries involved in the War on Terror have used torture to get information from suspected terrorists. Some of the most well known cases of torture involving the U.S. are the Abu Ghraib scandal and Guantanamo Bay.

paragraphs: Starting in 2004 there were reports of abuse of prisoners at the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq. The New Yorker newspaper had an article in May 2004 about the abuse and the article had pictures that were taken by soldiers involved. According to an investigation by the Department of Defense called the Taguba Report, the military had been looking into the abuse since 2003. In the end nine soldiers were discharged from the military and sent to prison.

paragraphs: Human rights organisations like Amnesty International have said CIA agents used waterboarding and other ways to get information out of prisoners at Guantanamo Bay. Because of the abuse President Barack Obama ordered the base to be closed down.


title: Itumbiara

paragraphs: Itumbiara is a Brazilian city of the state of Goiás. It has 95.265 inhabitants and an area of 2.461 km². It was founded in 1909 and it is one of the most important cities in state of Goiás.

paragraphs: Below is a list of famous people born in Itumbiara.


title: Legal tender

paragraphs: Legal tender is fiat money, or currency (bank notes and coins). It has value because a government creates it and backs it, and people using it have faith in its value. Fiat money such as US dollars can be used as an exchange for goods and services.

paragraphs: The point is that other kinds of money have been used. Legal tender differs from commodity money and representative money. Commodity money is based on a "good", often a precious metal such as gold or silver, which is desired or has other uses. Representative money is a claim on the commodity rather than the actual good. In that case, the gold stays in a bank, and its ownership changes from time to time as the money is used. Why might a good be used at all? One reason is that governments cannot just make it. It is said that this stops inflation because, with fiat money, governments can just print more.

paragraphs: Some economists argue that an economy can only grow if it can produce more capital goods and not more money in the form of credit. This means that good economies must produce things rather than borrow money to buy things produced in other countries.

paragraphs: Alan Greenspan was an early critic of fiat money arguing that "Deficit spending is simply a scheme for the confiscation of wealth". He thought the value of money should be backed by gold. Richard Nixon ended gold backing for the United States dollar in 1971. Other countries also changed to Fiat currency.


title: Anal retentive

paragraphs: The words anal-retentive (or anally retentive, anal retentive), often shortened to "anal", are used in everyday language to describe a person with so much attention to detail that the obsession becomes annoying to other people. The idea was thought up by Sigmund Freud

paragraphs: In the psychology ideas of Freud, the anal stage is said to follow the oral stage of development in babies and young kids. This is usually when they are learning toilet training. Freud made a theory which said that children who experience troubles during this time may develop "anal" personality traits, as well as a general interest in collecting and keeping things.

paragraphs: Although Freud's theories have been influential, research suggests patterns of parental attitudes has a major effect on how a baby will grow up.


title: San Joaquin River

paragraphs: The San Joaquin River is one of the two major rivers of California, in the United States. At long, it is the second longest river in California, after the Sacramento River. It begins on the west Sierra Nevada Mountains and flows west and north to its end at San Francisco Bay, at the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.

paragraphs: Its basin, which is about 32,000 square miles (82,879 square kilometers) in size, contains mostly farmland. The river provides drinking water to over 22 million California citizens. Its three largest tributaries are the Merced, Tuolumne, and Stanislaus rivers.

paragraphs: The river was once one of the richest river ecosystems in California. However, now over of the river is dry except during floods, because lots of water has been taken away for irrigation. In fact, below Friant Dam, a dam built in the 1940s on the San Joaquin River, 95 percent of the river's flow is dry. Much of the river is polluted, destroying the historic population of chinook salmon, once the southernmost in the United States. Pesticides, selenium, and many more toxic materials are carried by the San Joaquin into San Francisco Bay.

paragraphs: Now, one of the largest projects in the American West has been begun to restore the San Joaquin River. On September 13, 2006, the Natural Resources Defense Council signed an agreement with Friant Dam users and the United States Department of the Interior. This agreement would restore the San Joaquin River below the dam, reducing pollution.

paragraphs: Three forks of the San Joaquin River join to form the San Joaquin River at two places, called "Balloon Dome" and "Junction Butte".

paragraphs: The river continues west into the Central Valley of California, and is joined by many other rivers flowing off the Sierra Nevada mountains. The most largest of these are the Stanislaus River, Tuolumne River, and Merced River. The Tuolumne and Merced river both flow out of Yosemite National Park.

paragraphs: As the river flows north and west, it is joined by the following tributaries:

paragraphs: The San Joaquin River and its tributaries pass through/feed the following lakes and reservoirs:

paragraphs: Several man-made channels are also part of the river system:

paragraphs: The San Joaquin River eventually meets the Sacramento River, forming the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. This is one of the biggest estuaries in the United States. It is near the city of Antioch. At this place, the San Joaquin River splits into two rivers: the "Old River" and the "Middle River". The Old River sometimes confuses fish to go down its channel. As a result, a wall is built between the San Joaquin River and the Old River.

paragraphs: Before humans began to develop the Central Valley in the 1850s, the San Joaquin River and its surrounding lands were one of the richest biological habitats in California. In winter, the river would flood the valley, leaving behind wetlands. These wetlands became rich habitat for birds and other animals. The habitat of the endangered "San Joaquin Kit Fox" and the "riparian brush rabbit" also was near the San Joaquin River.

paragraphs: In 1942, a big dam, Friant Dam, was built on the San Joaquin River. This dam took away a lot of water from the river, to irrigate crops, provide drinking water, and provide electricity. The dam destroyed the salmon habitat in the river, and also destroyed the creation of these wetlands.

paragraphs: The San Joaquin River has been used a lot for shipping of products via boats and ships, otherwise known as navigation. The river was first used for navigation during the California Gold Rush of 1849. Boats carried people over up the river to look for gold in the mountains. Now, there is a channel that runs all the way upriver to the city of Stockton. This channel allows big ships to sail in the river up to this point. Sediment, however, has clogged a lot of the river channel above this point, preventing big ships from going any farther.


title: Hudson Valley

paragraphs: The Hudson Valley is a valley of the Hudson River. It runs from about Westchester County to Albany.

paragraphs: The Hudson River valley runs in a north-south direction across eastern New York State. There are many rock types in the valley. This includes Triassic sandstones and redbeds in the south, and the Palisades Sill. Older Precambrian gneiss is in the north (and east).

paragraphs: In the Hudson Highlands, the river enters a fjord. This fjord was cut during previous ice ages. To the west are the very long Appalachian highlands. Near Tappan Zee Bridge, the west side of the river has high cliffs. They are about 400–800 feet high.

paragraphs: Most of the Hudson Valley is part of the Appalachian Mountains. The northern part of the Hudson Valley is part of the Great Lakes area.

paragraphs: During the last ice age, the valley was filled by a large glacier. The glacier went down as far as Long Island. Near the end of the last ice age, the Great Lakes drained south down the Hudson River. The drained water is called Lake Iroquois. Lake Ontario is the remnant of that lake.


title: Sargassum

paragraphs: Sargassum is a genus of generally planktonic (free-floating) macroalgae (seaweed) in the order Fucales. The Atlantic Ocean's Sargasso Sea gets its name from the large amount of several species of "Sargassum" that grow there.


title: Central Valley

paragraphs: The Central Valley (also called the Great Central Valley) is a very large valley in the middle of California, in the United States. About 42,000 square miles (108,779 square kilometers) in size, it is about the size of the state of Tennessee. It consists of two connected, differently named valleys, the "Sacramento Valley" and the "San Joaquin Valley".

paragraphs: The Sierra Nevada Mountains border the valley on the east side, while the Coast Range borders it on the west side. The Sacramento River flows through the north part of the Central Valley. This part of the valley is also called the "Sacramento Valley". The San Joaquin River flows through the larger south part of the Central Valley. also called the "San Joaquin Valley". Both rivers merge eventually and empty into the Pacific Ocean via San Francisco Bay.

paragraphs: The capital of California, Sacramento, is located in the north part of the Central Valley. In total, the Central Valley is around long.

paragraphs: The Central Valley has 18 California counties. 15 of these counties are among the 25 most productive farmland in California. Overall, the Central Valley economy depends on farming. However, this has led to serious environmental damages, such as pesticides and selenium and other bad materials being washed into the rivers and polluting the San Francisco Bay.

paragraphs: The valley floor is a flat, smooth land area covering about 42,000 square miles (108,779 square kilometers) in size, long, and wide. It covers 19 California counties. These counties are:

paragraphs: The Sierra Nevada mountains are on the east side of the valley. These mountains are very tall and steep. Lots of rivers and streams flow off the Sierra Nevada. The highest mountain in the Sierra Nevada is Mount Whitney (14,495') which is also the tallest mountain in California and the rest of the United States (except for Alaska and Hawaii). On the west side, there is the California Coast Ranges, an extension of the Pacific Coast Ranges. Its highest point is approximately 8,848'.

paragraphs: The Sacramento River begins in the north part of the Central Valley, near Mount Shasta. It actually begins in the Cascade Range, which are mountains north of the Central Valley, though most of its length is in the Central Valley. The Sacramento River flows south about to San Francisco Bay. Some of its tributaries include the Pit River, Feather River, and American River. All these rivers come off the Sierra Nevada.

paragraphs: The San Joaquin River begins at the south Sierra Nevada, and flows west and north into the Central Valley and to San Francisco Bay. Altogether, its length is sone . The San Joaquin is more polluted than the Sacramento, and about of it is actually dry.

paragraphs: Together, the Sacramento-San Joaquin river system is the water supply of 22-23 million people in California.

paragraphs: The climate of the Sacramento Valley (north Central Valley) and San Joaquin Valley are very different. The Sacramento Valley has a "Mediterranean climate". This means that it has warm, dry summers and cool, wet winters. The San Joaquin Valley is much hotter and drier. Most of it is "Mediterranean steppe", which is similar to Mediterranean except that it is warmer and drier. Some of it, however, can be close to desert climate. This section of the Central Valley is said to have the worst air quality in California.

paragraphs: The Central Valley is home to about 6.5 million people. The ten largest cities in or near the valley are, by population:

paragraphs: However, since most of the land area of the Central Valley is devoted to farming, the population density (amount of people divided by land area) is actually quite low. The population density of the Central Valley is 155 people per square mile (60 people per square kilometer). In contrast, the population density of Los Angeles, the biggest city in California, is 25,904 people per square mile.

paragraphs: Farming (agriculture) has always been the main economy of the Central Valley. Except for the city of Sacramento, where the focus is on the government, the rest is mostly agricultural. Immigrants provide a large amount of the work done in farms in the Central Valley. Overall, 12.3% of jobs in the Central Valley are directly agriculture related. Not including Sacramento County, the percentage is 16%.

paragraphs: The main road transport routes through the Central Valley are Interstate 5 and California State Route 99. These two highways run from north to south. Interstate 5 is the larger of the two, and carries more traffic. Highway 99 is older than Interstate 5. The Highway 99 separates from Route 5 at the south end of the Central Valley, and joins again at the north end of the valley.

paragraphs: The Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway (BNSF) and the Union Pacific Railroad (UP) go through the Central Valley as well. Some of their branch lines include:

paragraphs: Amtrak is one of the main rail service providers in the Central Valley, and is also popular in much of the rest of California.

paragraphs: The 715-mile (1,150 km) California Aqueduct, the longest aqueduct in California, runs through the Central Valley. Water from the northern Central Valley and the Sierra Nevada goes into this aqueduct. The Central Valley Project is another major water supply project in the Central Valley. This project includes:


title: Adjacent

paragraphs: Adjacent is an adjective meaning "next to".

paragraphs: In geometry, two sides that meet to create an angle are said to be adjacent.

paragraphs: In trigonometry the adjacent side of a right triangle is the side next to the angle in question.


title: Tributary state

paragraphs: A tributary state is a state that is subordinate to a more powerful neighbour. It was a form of subordination in pre-modern times.

paragraphs: The tributary sent a regular token of submission to the superior power. This was a tribute, a substantial gift of wealth, such as the gold, produce, or slaves. The tribute might best be seen as the payment of protection money. But there were other ways to show submission as well.

paragraphs: For modern forms of state subordination, see puppet state, satellite state and client state.


title: Alhambra

paragraphs: The Alhambra (from Arabic = Al-Ħamrā', literally "the red one"; the complete name was = al-Qal'at al-Ħamrā' = "the red fortress") is a palace and fortress complex of the Moorish rulers of Granada in southern Spain (known as "Al-Andalus" when the fortress was constructed during the mid 14th century), occupying a hilly terrace on the southeastern border of the city of Granada.

paragraphs: In the Middle Ages the Alhambra was the residence of the Muslim rulers of Granada and their court, now it is one of Spain's major tourist attractions. There one can see the most famous Islamic Architecture of the country. Within the Alhambra, the Palace of Charles V was erected by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor in 1527.

paragraphs: The Muslim rulers lost Granada and Alhambra in 1492 without the fortress itself being attacked when King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella of Castile took the surrounding region with an overwhelming force of numbers.


title: Asociación de Profesores y Monitores de Llingua Llïonesa

paragraphs: The Asociación de Profesores y Monitores en Llingua Llïonesa or APMLL (Leonese Language Teachers and Monitor Association) is an associaction of teachers and monitors that teach Leonese language.

paragraphs: They teach Leonese language in 16 schools in the city of Llión, (Spain), and in courses for adult people in the provinces of Llión, Zamora and Salamanca (Spain). Also they develop some activities for promoting Leonese language between the population, as the Leonese language Day, in all the provinces of the Kingdom of León.


title: Separately managed account

paragraphs: A Separately Managed Account or SMA is a type of financial investment account popular with some individual investors. SMAs are offered by financial consultants and brokerage firms, and managed by independent "money managers." A money manager is simply a business that manages stock and other securities portfolios or baskets of investments for an investor. SMAs have varying fee structures. Common characteristics of SMA programs are: they provide open investment choices; have multiple managers; and, offer a customized investment portfolio created for a client's specific needs. By customizing the portfolio, investors can limit the investment risk with various strategies, such as using stock options, according to the Wall Street Journal.

paragraphs: SMAs were first introduced in the US in the 1970s by the former investment firm EF Hutton Since that time, SMAs have grown in popularity, are offered in the US, UK, Australia and other countries. For some investors, Separately Managed Accounts are rivals to mutual funds and other types of investments.

paragraphs: While there is no long-term research that compares SMAs’ performance to that of mutual funds or other investment categories, the available research does show them as a strong competitor.

paragraphs: Morningstar Inc., a fund research firm, released research that showed that SMAs beat mutual funds in 2008. Morningstar said that SMAs outperformed mutual funds in 25 of 36 stock and bond market categories that year. In addition, Morningstar said that from 2006 to 2008, SMAs surpassed mutual funds in 22 of 26 categories.

paragraphs: "The Wall Street Journal" reported that Separately Managed Accounts may beat popular mutual funds because SMAs “…tend to have smaller amounts of assets than popular mutual funds, allowing them to trade more nimbly."

paragraphs: Unlike mutual funds, SMAs permit the investor to tailor their basket of stocks and bonds which can limit the investment risk. "Registered Rep", an investment trade magazine, said that SMAs also can provide

paragraphs: tax advantages that may not be available with mutual funds and other investments.

paragraphs: The "Wall Street Journal" recognized top SMA performers including PTI Securities & Futures LP’s “Protected Index Program” and Robinson Value Management Ltd’s “Market Opportunity Composite Strategy.”

paragraphs: "Pensions & Investments", a US investment trade magazine, reported on several of the highest performing SMAs for 2008.

paragraphs: Financial experts point out that past performance of any investment is not a predictor of future performance. So, investors should talk with a licensed financial adviser and carefully review all information available before making any investment decision. In addition, before making an investment, investors should check with the appropriate licensing and regulatory authorities to ensure that the firm(s) offering SMAs is (are) properly licensed and in good standing.


title: Dzhe

paragraphs: Jeh (Џ, џ) is a letter of Vuk Karadžić's Cyrillic alphabet, used in Serbo-Croatian and Macedonian to present a Voice for need to tell (like the "J" in English "jump", but harder).


paragraphs: "Buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo" is a sentence that uses correct grammar. It is often used as an example of how homonyms and homophones can be used to create confusing, hard-to-understand sentences.

paragraphs: It has been talked about since 1967, when the sentence was used by Dmitri Borgmann in his book "Beyond Language". Later, in 1972, the sentence was used by William J. Rapaport. Rapaport is a professor at the University at Buffalo in Buffalo, New York.

paragraphs: The sentence does not have punctuation. It uses three different meanings of the word "buffalo". They are:

paragraphs: It can be broken down to "Buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo", where "a" is adjective, "n" is noun, and "v" is verb. It means, "Bison from Buffalo, which other bison from Buffalo confuse, confuse the bison from Buffalo."

paragraphs: Other words can be used to make sentences like this one. These include "police", "fish", and "people". For example, "Fish fish fish fish fish". Other times, similar words that are spelled differently can be used: "Foul fowl foul fowl foul foul foul fowl".


title: Goat's milk cheese

paragraphs: Goat's milk cheese is cheese made from milk that came from a goat instead of milk that came from a cow. It has a different color, structure, and taste than that of regular cheese. It is usually white and breaks apart quickly. Because it breaks apart quickly it is usually stored in plastic containers with water.

paragraphs: Goat's milk cheese is more common in countries where it is difficult to keep cows.


title: Webcomic

paragraphs: A webcomic is a comic that can be viewed on the Internet. Most webcomics are made viewable either as a page or a strip at a time. Some do this on a regular schedule, often one strip each day, or one strip on each Monday, Wednesday, and Friday.


title: Mekong River

paragraphs: The Mekong River is a river in the south-east of Asia. It flows through many countries: China, Burma, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and finally Vietnam. The Mekong begins in the Lasagongma Spring which is in the plateaus of Tibet, disputed part of China, and flows about south-east to the South China Sea. Its watershed covers 307,000 square miles (797,000 square kilometers). Its name comes from the Thai language's "Mae Num", or literally, "Mother Water".

paragraphs: The Mekong is one of the most biologically diverse areas in the world, with hundreds of types of fish, as well as river dolphins, crocodiles, and otters. Fishing is a very important activity on the river. However, the Mekong River is also used extensively for navigation.

paragraphs: Dams that are being built in China, are:

paragraphs: Dams that are planned (as of 2017), include:

paragraphs: Government, corporate, environment and technical


title: Taifa

paragraphs: A taifa (from "ṭā'ifa", plural طوائف "ṭawā'if") was an independent Muslim-ruled principality. "Taifa"s developed during the history of Iberia. They were usually emirates or little kingdoms, but there was one oligarchy as well, Seville. A number were formed in the Al-Andalus (Moorish Iberia) after the end of the Umayyad Caliphate of Cordóba in 1031.

paragraphs: They developed because of an administrative division of the Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba and an ethnic division of its elite. It was divided among Arabs (a powerful but tiny minority), Berbers, Eastern European former slaves and Iberian Muslims (known as "Muladíes" (the great majority).

paragraphs: There was a second period when "taifa"s developed: the middle of the 12th century, when the Almoravid dynasty was in decline.

paragraphs: In the 11th century and again in the mid 12th century, the emirs (rulers) of the "taifa"s kept fighting among themselves, not only militarily but also for cultural . They tried to recruit the most famous poets and artisans.

paragraphs: After the end of the Caliphate, the rival Muslim kingdoms were much weaker than the Christian ones and so they had to submit and to pay tribute.

paragraphs: The "taifa" princes appealed for North African warriors to help them fighting Christian kings on two occasions. The Almoravids were invited after the fall of Toledo (1085), the Almohads after the fall of Lisbon (1147). The warriors did not help the "taifa" emirs but rather annexed their lands to their own North African empires.

paragraphs: Taifas often hired Christian mercenaries to fight neighbouring realms (both Christian and Muslim). The most dynamic "taifa", which conquered most of its neighbours before the Almoravid invasion, was Seville. Zaragoza was also very powerful and expansive, but was kept in check by the neighbour Christian states of the Pyrenees. Zaragoza, Toledo and Badajoz had previously been the border military districts of the Caliphate.

paragraphs: Additionally, but not usually considered "taifas", are:


title: Nasrid

paragraphs: The Nasrid dynasty or Banuu Nasri () was the last Arab and Muslim dynasty in Spain. The Nasrid dynasty came to power after the defeat of the Almohad dynasty in 1212 at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa. Twenty-three different emirs ruled Granada from the founding of the dynasty in 1232 by Muhammed I ibn Nasr until January 2, 1492, when Muhammad XII of Granada surrendered to the Christian Spanish kingdoms of Aragon and Castile. Today, the most visible evidence of the Nasrids is the Alhambra palace built under their rule.


title: Almoravid dynasty

paragraphs: The Almoravids were a Berber dynasty from the Sahara that ruled over a wide area of northwestern Africa and the Iberian peninsula during the 11th century.

paragraphs: Under this dynasty the Moorish empire included present-day Morocco, Western Sahara, Mauritania, Gibraltar, Tlemcen (in Algeria) and a great part of what is now Senegal and Mali in the south, and Spain and Portugal to the north in Europe. At its greatest extent, the empire stretched 3,000 kilometres north to south (an all-time latitude spanner until Spanish America).


title: Yugoslavia national football team

paragraphs: Yugoslavia national football team is the national football team of Yugoslavia.


title: Czechoslovakia national football team

paragraphs: The Czechoslovakia national football team was the national football team of Czechoslovakia.


title: Vuk Karadžić

paragraphs: Vuk Stefanović Karadžić (Serbian alphabet: Вук Стефановић Караџић; November 7, 1787 – February 7, 1864) was a Serbian language mistakes fixer and pioneer. He first made Serbian language as the Serbian that people talk today. Vuk had largely changed Serbian language of that time, he collected folk songs from Serbian villagers and he was the author of the first Serbian dictionary. Vuk Karadžić is the most notable person of Serbian literature of the 19th century.


title: Stephen Fry

paragraphs: Stephen John Fry (born 24 August 1957) is an English comedian, writer, television personality, and journalist. He presents the television programme QI. He used to work a lot with Hugh Laurie.

paragraphs: Fry was born in Hampstead, London and grew up in Norfolk. His maternal grandparents were Hungarian Jews. He was convicted of fraud after using a credit card he stole from a family friend in 1975. He is a Jewish atheist and is openly gay. He has been diagnosed with cyclothymia, a mild form of bipolar disorder. From 1995-2010, Fry had a relationship with Daniel Cohen. In January 2015, Fry married his partner, Elliot Spencer.

paragraphs: In February 2018, Fry announced via a video that he had an operation to treat prostate cancer and have 11 lymph nodes removed and was recovering from the surgery. He described the cancer as aggressive and said that early intervention had saved his life.


title: Deposition

paragraphs: Deposition is the process by which an aerosol transforms into a solid. It may be a wet or a dry process.


title: Soviet Union national football team

paragraphs: Soviet Union national football team was the national football team of Soviet Union. The team was left after the Soviet Union breakup in 1991. The team is now replaced by the Russia national football team.


title: East Germany national football team

paragraphs: East Germany national football team was the national football team of the German Democratic Republic (GDR or East Germany) from 1952 to 1990. The East Germany team is now the Germany team.

paragraphs: East Germany only qualified for one World Cup, and they only made it to round 2.

paragraphs: East Germany never qualified for a UEFA European Football Championship tournament.


title: Almohad

paragraphs: The Almohad Dynasty (From Arabic "al-Muwahhidun", i.e., "the monotheists" or "the Unitarians"), was a Berber, Muslim dynasty that was founded in the 12th century, and conquered all northern Africa as far as Libya, together with Al-Andalus (Moorish Iberia).

paragraphs: Between 1130 and his death in 1163, Abd al-Mu'min al-Kumi, a Berber from the Masmuda tribe, defeated the ruling Almoravids and became ruler over all northern Africa as far as Libya. He became Emir of Marrakech in 1149 and conquered Al-Andalus, Moorish Iberia. In 1170 the Almohads transferred their capital to Seville. But by 1212 Muhammad III, "al-Nasir" (1199–1214) was defeated by an alliance of the four Christian princes of Castile, Aragón, Kingdom of Navarre and Portugal, at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in the Sierra Morena. The Almohads lost nearly all of the Moorish dominions in Iberia soon after. The great Moorish cities of Córdoba and Seville fell into Christian possession in the first half of the 13th century. The Almohads continued to rule in Africa for some time, but they lost a lot of their territory. The last representative of the line, Idris II, had only Marrakech left. There he was murdered by a slave in 1269.


title: Halloumi

paragraphs: Halloumi also known as Hellim is a white cheese made out of goat's milk. It is not a hard or a soft cheese, and can be fried to a crispy coating. Halloumi cheese originated in the island of Cyprus.


title: Du Fu

paragraphs: Du Fu (; 712-770 AD) was a Chinese realistic poet. He was also called Zi Mei. Du Fu is often regarded, along with Li Bai and Wang Wei, as one of the three greatest poets in China's literary history. He has been called Poet-Historian and the Poet-Sage by Chinese critics. Today we know about 1,400 of his poems. His poetry describes human suffering that he had witnessed throughout his life. It also reflected on the troubled times during the Tang Dynasty. In 755 he was forced to flee his home and was separated from his family for a year.


title: Base (mathematics)

paragraphs: In mathematics, a base or radix is the number of different digits or combination of digits and letters that a system of counting uses to represent numbers. For example, the most common base used today is the decimal system. Because "dec" means 10, it uses the 10 digits from 0 to 9. Most people think that we most often use base 10 because we have 10 fingers.

paragraphs: A base is usually a whole number bigger than 1, although are also mathematically possible. The base of a number may be written next to the number: for instance, formula_1 means 23 in base 8 (which is equal to 19 in base 10).

paragraphs: Different bases are often used in computers. Binary (base 2) is used because at the most simple level, computers can only deal with 0s and 1s. Hexadecimal (base 16) is used because of how computers group binary digits together. Every four binary digits turn into one hexadecimal digit when changing between them. Because there are more than 10 digits in hexadecimal, the six digits after 9 are shown as A, B, C, D, E, and F.

paragraphs: The oldest systems of counting used base one. Making marks on a wall, using one mark for each item counted is an example of unary counting. Some old systems of measurement use the duodecimal radix (base twelve). This is shown in English, as there are words such as dozen (12) and gross (144 = 12×12), and lengths such as feet (12 inches). Angle measurement often uses a system adapted from the Babylonian numerals with base 60.

paragraphs: When typing a base, the small number indicating the base is usually in base ten. This is because if the radix were written in its own base, it would always be "10," so there would be no way of knowing what base it was supposed to be in.

paragraphs: Here are some examples of how some numbers are written in different bases, compared to decimals:


title: Portuguese man o' war

paragraphs: The Portuguese man o' war ("Physalia physalis") is a Cnidarian invertebrate. It lives in the sea. It is sometimes called the "blue bubble", or "man-of-war". Its common name comes from a Portuguese war ship of the 15th and 16th century. The ship had triangular sails, similar in shape to the bladder of the man o' war.

paragraphs: The Portuguese Man o' War has a reputation for swarming in groups of thousands. It is also known for its powerful sting.

paragraphs: "Physalia" is not a single animal: it is a siphonophore. This is a colony of four kinds of zooids. Zooids are very small, highly modified individuals. These zooids are specialized polyps and medusoids. Though structurally similar to other cnidarians, the zooids do not live by themselves: they are attached to each other. Each type of zooid does not have some structure and functions. It depends for survival on the others doing what it cannot do by itself.

paragraphs: A similar group of animals are the chondrophores. They are specialized hydroids, which also float at the surface of the open ocean.

paragraphs: The loggerhead turtle feeds on the Portuguese man o' war. It is a common part of the turtle's diet. The skin of the turtle is too thick for the man o' war's sting to enter and launch its venom. The sea slug "Glaucus atlanticus" and the violet snail "Janthina janthina" also feed on the Portuguese man o' war. The blanket octopus "Tremoctopus" is immune to the venom of the Portuguese man o' war. The blanket octopus has been known to rip off the man o' war's tentacles and use them for defensive purposes.

paragraphs: The Portuguese man o' war is often found with many different kinds of marine fish. Some of them are shepherd fish, clown fish and yellow jack. These species are rarely found anywhere else. The clown fish can swim among the tentacles without being stung. This is possibly due to its mucus that does not trigger the nematocysts. The shepherd fish seems to avoid the larger, stinging tentacles. It feeds on the smaller tentacles under the gas bladder. These fish benefit from the shelter of the stinging tentacles. It also helps the man o' war: the presence of these species may attract other fish to feed on.


title: Sleep apnea

paragraphs: Sleep apnea (or Sleep apnoea) is a problem certain people have: When they sleep, they may stop breathing for short periods. These periods can last for 10 seconds or more. 3-4 breaths are "missed". As a result of this, those affected are often tired during the day. Mainly because such people also tend to have microsleep, they should not drive vehicles. Sleep apnea is a treatable disease.

paragraphs: People can ask their partner or family member if they are breathing strangely when they are sleeping.

paragraphs: Diseases which may complicate sleep apnea are: obesity, high blood pressure, hyperlipidaemia, arrhythmia, polyemia, ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes etc.

paragraphs: Sleep apnea is a risk factor of arteriosclerotic disease.

paragraphs: When there are no house mates, it may take time to discover this condition. When especially subjective symptoms are weak, the state will get worse gradually and it will start a serious problem.


title: Microsleep

paragraphs: Microsleep is a very short sleep that occurs when people are awake. It can last from under a second to about 30 seconds. It may happen as a result of sleep deprivation, fatigue, sleep apnea, narcolepsy, or hypersomnia. Microsleeps can occur at any time. Most of the time, they do so without warning. When people have a microsleep during conversation, they may lose track of the subject that was talked about.

paragraphs: Microsleep can be extremely dangerous in situations when people drive a car, work on a machine or otherwise need to stay alert. People with microsleeps usually are not aware of them. They instead believe that they were awake all the time. One example is called "gap driving": a person is driving a car and suddenly realizes that several seconds have passed by unnoticed. The driver does not feel that she or he has been asleep during those missing seconds, although this is in fact what happened. The sleeping driver is at very high risk for having an accident during microsleep.

paragraphs: Many accidents and catastrophes have resulted from microsleep episodes in these circumstances. For example, a microsleep episode is claimed to have been one factor contributing to the Waterfall train disaster in 2003; the driver had a heart attack and the guard who should have reacted to the train's increasing speed is said by his defender to have microslept.


title: Ajaz Anwar

paragraphs: Ajaz Anwar is a Pakistani painter. He was born in 1946. He has a PhD. He is currently a professor at the National College of Fine Arts in Lahore. He paints in watercolour. Many of his paintings feature Lahore.

paragraphs: He received the president’s Pride of Performance award in 1997.


title: Lilo Pelekai

paragraphs: Lilo Pelekai (first name LEE-lo, last name Peh-leh-kai) is one of the two characters of the Disney animated movie "Lilo & Stitch", its sequels, and . Lilo (literally, ""lost"" in Hawaiian, and also in Mandarin). Lilo is a young Hawaiian girl who lives on the island of Kauai with her older sister Nani and her new family of alien visitors that live on Earth.


title: Thyreophora

paragraphs: Thyreophora is a suborder of ornithischian dinosaurs. They were the armoured dinosaurs: the name means 'shield-bearer'. They are divided into these groups:

paragraphs: "Acanthopholis" was 15 feet long, walked on four legs, lived in the Lower Cretaceous). Its armour consists of many oval plates that go from its neck to its tail. That lived 100 million yeas ago. The name 'spiny scales' refers to its armour.


title: Knobbed whelk

paragraphs: The knobbed whelk ("Busycon carica") is a gastropod mollusc which is protected by a thick, hard shell. It is large predatory sea snail, or whelk.

paragraphs: This mollusc is found in shallow waters of the Atlantic Ocean off the east coast of North America from Massachusetts to northern Florida.

paragraphs: This whelk has a spiral shell with knobs (or spines) along its shoulder. The shell is up to 9.5 inches (24 cm) long. The shell is light gray to tan, and often has brown and white streaks.

paragraphs: On the shallow-water mud flats whelks prey on oysters, clams, and other marine bivalves. They wedge the bivalve open using the edge of their shell. Then they squeeze in their radula. This is a rough tongue-like organ that has thousands of tiny denticles (tooth-like protrusions).


title: Shasta County

paragraphs: Shasta County is a county in northern California, in the United States. It is in the Sacramento Valley part of the Central Valley of California. 163,256 people live there. The county seat, as well as the biggest city, is Redding. One major attraction in the county is Shasta Dam and Shasta Lake, one of the biggest dams in the state of California.


title: Tehama County, California

paragraphs: Tehama County is one of the counties of the U.S. state of California. It is just south of Shasta County, in the Sacramento Valley part of the Central Valley of California. The county is 2,962 square miles (7,672 square kilometers) in size. Its county seat is Red Bluff.


title: Glenn County, California

paragraphs: Glenn County is a county found in the Central Valley, in north California, which is a state in the United States.

paragraphs: As of 2000, the county had a population of 26,453. The county seat is the city of Willows.


title: Wells Fargo Plaza (Houston)

paragraphs: Wells Fargo Plaza is a skyscraper in Houston, United States. It is 302 meters (992 feet) tall. It has 71 floors. It was built in 1983. It is one of the tallest buildings in the United States.


title: Comcast Center

paragraphs: Comcast Center is a skyscraper in Philadelphia, United States. It is 297 meters (974 feet) tall and has 57 floors. It was built in 2008 and is one of the tallest buildings in the United States.


title: HCJB

paragraphs: HCJB (Heralding Christ Jesus' Blessings) is a Christian shortwave radio station in Quito, Ecuador. It has been broadcasting on shortwave for more than 75 years and now also has television, satellite and Internet programs.


title: Media studies

paragraphs: Media studies is an academic area of study about mass media and its history and effects. It mostly focuses on newspapers, radio, television, and internet. Media studies take some ideas from other areas of study, such as humanities and the social sciences.

paragraphs: Most production and journalism courses use media studies content, but academic institutions such as universities often start separate departments. Media studies students may see themselves as observers of media, not creators or practitioners. These distinctions are different depending on the country where students live.

paragraphs: The development of media studies was sparked by the growth of new media in the post-Second World War period. A typical source was Marshall McLuhan's "Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man". This book set out to connect changes in media with changes in society. His most famour phrase was ""The medium is the message"".


title: Yosemite National Park

paragraphs: Yosemite National Park is a national park in the state of California, U.S.A.. Created on 1 October 1890, it was the second national park, after Yellowstone. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Yosemite covers 1,189 square miles (3,081 square kilometers) on the Sierra Nevada.

paragraphs: Over 3.5 million people visit the park each year. Despite the park's great size, most people spend time in Yosemite Valley, one of the most beautiful places in the park. Almost 95 percent of the park is wilderness. Yosemite has many waterfalls. The most famous of these is the world-famous Yosemite Falls, which at tall, is one of the tallest waterfalls in the world.

paragraphs: In the northern area of the park lies the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir, a debated dam project. The reservoir floods. Many people supporting environmentalism are trying to get the dam removed.

paragraphs: The eighth major operating system of OS X by Apple Inc. is named after the Yosemite National Park, called OS X Yosemite.


title: Cliff

paragraphs: A cliff is a vertical or very steep natural wall of rock.

paragraphs: Cliffs are common on coasts, in mountainous areas, escarpments and along rivers. Cliffs are usually formed by rock that is resistant to erosion and weathering. Sedimentary rocks most likely to form cliffs include sandstone, limestone, chalk, and dolomite. Igneous rocks such as granite and basalt also often form cliffs. An escarpment (or scarp) is a type of cliff, formed by the movement of a geologic fault, or a landslide. Cliffs are known for forming major geographical features such as waterfalls.

paragraphs: The tallest cliff in the solar system may be "Verona Rupes", an approximately 20 km (12 mile) high cliff on Miranda, a moon of the planet Uranus.

paragraphs: The Ordnance Survey distinguishes between cliffs (continuous line along the top edge with projections down the face) and outcrops (continuous lines along lower edge).


title: Hurricane Bonnie (1998)

paragraphs: Hurricane Bonnie was a strong Atlantic tropical cyclone in late August 1998. The storm was a major hurricane with winds near .

paragraphs: Bonnie made landfall near Wilmington and Cape Fear, North Carolina as a strong Category 2 hurricane early on August 27. The storm also caused damage in southeastern Virginia.

paragraphs: The storm killed five people, two directly.

paragraphs: Damage from the storm was near $1 billion.


title: Hurricane Georges

paragraphs: Hurricane Georges caused much damage and many deaths in on the norther Caribbean islands and the Gulf Coast of the United States. Even though it was very strong, caused a lot of damage and many deaths, it was not the strongest, costliest, or deadliest of the 1998 Atlantic hurricane season, that would be Hurricane Mitch later on. Hurricane Georges crossed some islands, Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, and Cuba, before it made landfall in Mississippi. Georges killed 604 people and caused $5.9 billion in damage, much of it from high winds and severe flooding.


title: Hurricane Mitch

paragraphs: Hurricane Mitch was the most powerful storm of the 1998 Atlantic hurricane season. Hurricane Mitch was one of the most powerful storm ever recorded in the Atlantic Ocean. Mitch was the second deadliest Atlantic hurricane because it killed 11,000-18,000 in Central America and Mexico, it is second only to the Great Hurricane of 1780. Mitch also caused over $5 billion in damage. Because the damage and deaths were very high, the name "Mitch" was retired and will never be used for a hurricane in the Atlantic Ocean again. It was in 1998 and hit Florida, Central America, and the Yucatán Peninsula.

paragraphs: On October 10 a tropical wave moved off of Africa. It stayed as a tropical wave because the conditions in Atlantic wasn't good enough for it to become a tropical depression or tropical storm. The tropical wave became Tropical Depression Thirteen on October 22, because conditions became better. On October 23 Tropical Depression Thirteen strengthened and became Tropical Storm Mitch. Tropical Storm Mitch made a small loop after becoming a tropical storm and then turned north.

paragraphs: Tropical Storm Mitch strengthened and became Hurricane Mitch on October 24. Hurricane Mitch then turned west. Mitch strengthened very fast and on October 26 Mitch reached its top winds. Its top winds were are 180 mph making it a category 5. Mitch stayed as a category 5 turned south.

paragraphs: Mitch started weakening on October 27 and by October 29 Mitch was only a category 1. On October 29 Hurricane Mitch made landfall in Honduras, with the winds at 80 mph. Mitch quickly weakened into a tropical storm. Tropical Storm Mitch moved very slowly and almost froze over Honduras. Tropical Storm Mitch weakened into a tropical depression as it entered Guatemala.

paragraphs: As Tropical Depression Mitch entered Mexico it became a remnant low and was not a tropical depression anymore. The remains entered the Bay of Campeche and became Tropical Storm Mitch again on November 3. Mitch moved northeast and made landfall in the Yucatán Peninsula. Mitch weakened into a tropical depression over the Yucatán Peninsula. Once Tropical Depression Mitch reached the Gulf of Mexico it became Tropical Storm Mitch. Tropical Storm Mitch continued northeast and made landfall in Naples, Florida on November 5 as a tropical storm with the winds at 65 mph.

paragraphs: After Tropical Storm Mitch crossed Florida it became extratropical and was no longer a tropical storm. The remains were last seen on November 9 north of Great Britain.

paragraphs: Many countries of the in Central American Region had record amounts of rainfall.

paragraphs: The worst affects from the hurricane were seen in Honduras, where Mitch caused 7,000 deaths and $3.8 billion in damage. In Honduras rainfall could have been up to 75 inches. Crops in Honduras were impacted very badly, Mitch destroyed, 58% of the corn output, 24% of sorghum, 14% of rice, and 6% of the bean crop. Mitch also destroyed 85% of banana, 60% of sugar cane, 29% of melons, 28% of African palms, and 18% of coffee. Just the crop damage from Hurricane Mitch in Honduras was at $900 million.

paragraphs: Also in Nicaragua rainfall may have been up to 50 inches. The rains stopped a volcano in Nicaragua, instead the volcano caused a mudslide. The mudslide covered an area 10 miles long and 5 miles wide. Hurricane Mitch left between 500,000 and 800,000 people homeless. Damaged in Nicaragua totaled to $1 billion and at least 3,800 were killed in Nicaragua.

paragraphs: In the U.S. only Florida was affected. In Florida, Mitch destroyed buildings in the Keys that were damaged by Hurricane Georges. Mitch killed 2 people and left $40 million in damage.

paragraphs: Hurricane Mitch caused rain all the way down to Panama, where the hurricane killed 3 people. Offshore in the Caribbean Sea the hurricane sunk a boat causing 31 people to drown. In Costa Rica Hurricane Mitch caused about 4,000 people to become homeless. Hurricane Mitch caused mudslides that affected nearly 800 miles of road. Hurricane Mitch left $92 million in damage and killed 7 people. In El Salvador the flooding from Mitch destroyed 37% of the bean production, 19% of the corn production, and 20% losses in sugar canes. Hurricane Mitch also killed 10,000 cattle. In El Salvador the damage from Mitch was at $400 million and 240 people were killed. In Guatemala Hurricane Mitch caused 6,000 houses to be destroyed and damaged 20,000 others. Damage just the banana and coffee exports were at $325 million. Mitch caused a plane to crash leaving 11 people to get killed indirectly, Mitch also caused 268 people to get killed directly. Damages left from Mitch in Guatemala was at $748 million. In Belize Mitch caused some crop damage and damage many roads. Damage in Belize was not as bad as it could have been. Mitch killed 11 in Belize, but no one knows the damage it caused.

paragraphs: Hurricane Mitch caused waves about 7 feet in Jamaica. Mitch killed about 3 people, but no one knows the damage. Also, a house in Spanish Town was destroyed.

paragraphs: Because of the deaths and damage the name Mitch was removed and retired. Meaning, the name will not be used again to name a storm in the Atlantic Ocean. In 2004 the name Matthew was used instead. The name Matthew will be used again in 2010 because it was not retired.


title: Georgy Zhukov

paragraphs: Georgy Zhukov (December 1, 1896 – June 18, 1974) was a Soviet general during World War II. He first became famous for stopping a Japanese invasion in Mongolia. During Operation Barbarossa, he arrived in Moscow with his army in just enough time to defend the city.

paragraphs: Later in the war he led Soviet forces to victory at the Battle of Stalingrad and Kursk, broke the Siege of Leningrad, destroyed the German center in the 1944 summer offensive called Operation Bagration, invaded Germany and led the Battle of Berlin.

paragraphs: He was 4 times Hero of the Soviet Union and had many more medals.


title: Miacis

paragraphs: Miacis is a small extinct carnivore of the family Miacidae. They were small mammals which lived in forests and climbed trees. They had the ancestral mammalian 44 teeth. "Miacis" had brains that were relatively larger than those of the creodonts, and the larger brain size compared to body size suggests their behaviour was more flexible and possibly more intelligent.

paragraphs: Miacids are either early members of the order Carnivora or in a larger group called the Carnivoramorpha. They may not be monophyletic. One professional opinion is that most "Miacis" species belong to the ancestors of the modern order, the crown-group Carnivora.

paragraphs: The miacids lived 50 to 60 million years ago and was a small omnivorous predator that preyed on smaller animals, such as small mammals, reptiles, and birds, and might have also have eaten eggs and fruits.


title: Butte County, California

paragraphs: Butte County is a county in the state of California. It is in the United States. The county borders Tehama County to the north and Glenn County to the west. It is in the north part of the Central Valley of California. Butte County was founded in 1850.

paragraphs: Its county seat is Oroville, and its biggest city is Chico. The county has a land area of 1,677 square miles (4,343 square kilometers), 38 square miles (98 square kilometers) of which is water. The Sacramento River flows along it in a north-south direction and the Feather River flows through it in an east-west direction. The Sierra Nevada mountains rise above the county on the east side.

paragraphs: California State Route 32, California State Route 70, and California State Route 99 run through the county. Airports in the county include Chico Municipal Airport, Oroville Municipal Airport, Paradise Airport, Ranchaero Airport and Richvale Airport.


title: California State Route 99

paragraphs: State Route 99 (commonly known as Old Highway 99 or just 99, also named in the future as Interstate 7 or Interstate 9) is a state highway in California, in the United States. It is about long, running from north to south in the Central Valley. It is parallel with Interstate 5. It begins at Interstate 5 near Wheeler Ridge, and continues north through the major cities of Bakersfield, Fresno, Chowchilla, Modesto, Stockon, Sacramento, Chico, and Red Bluff. Most of it is freeway, but some of it is still the historic rural two-lane road or a four-lane highway.


title: Pierce Brosnan

paragraphs: Pierce Brendan Brosnan (born 16 May 1953) is an Irish-American actor. Brosnan holds both Irish and American citizenship. He was born in Drogheda, County Louth. He used to play the part of James Bond. He played the roles of Mr. Brunner and Chiron in "", Stu Dunmeyer in "Mrs. Doubtfire", and was in "Mamma Mia!".


title: Daniel Craig

paragraphs: Daniel Wroughton Craig (born 2 March 1968) is an English television and movie actor and movie producer. He was born in Chester, Cheshire, England. He is the latest actor to play James Bond.

paragraphs: Craig is married to actress Rachel Weisz. He has a daughter Ella by his first wife, Fiona Loudon. In 2006 he joined the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.

paragraphs: On 12 June 2008, Craig sliced the top of one of his fingers off while filming "Quantum of Solace".

paragraphs: In September 2015, Craig donated $47,000 to the presidential campaign of Bernie Sanders.


title: Bose–Einstein condensate

paragraphs: Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) is what happens to a dilute gas when it is made very cold, near absolute zero (0 K which equals −273.15 °C or −459.67 °F). It forms when the particles that make it up have very low energy. Only bosons can make a Bose–Einstein condensate. The gas has extremely low density, about one-hundred-thousandth the density of normal air.

paragraphs: A Bose–Einstein condensate is a change of state. When matter is in the BEC state it has zero viscosity. Superfluidity and superconductivity are both closely connected with the BEC state of matter.

paragraphs: Particles have energy. They can have a lot of energy and bounce wildly like in gases; have less energy and flow like a liquid; or have even less energy like a solid. If you take enough of the particle's energy away you get to the tiniest or the smallest amount of energy possible. This is a Bose–Einstein condensate. This makes all of the particles exactly the same and instead of bouncing around randomly in all different directions, they all bounce up and down in exactly the same way, forming something called a 'giant matter wave'.

paragraphs: The Bose-Einstein Condensate was first suggested by Satyendra Nath Bose and Albert Einstein in 1924–25. Seventy years later, its existence was proved. Eric Cornell and Carl Wieman made the first Bose–Einstein condensate in 1995 at the University of Colorado. Cornell, Wieman,and Wolfgang Ketterle at MIT were then given the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physics.

paragraphs: Usually to get anything cold enough to make a Bose–Einstein condensate you have to first trap the boson using magnets and then, by bouncing lasers off them, take all of their energy away (Laser cooling). This still does not get things quite cold enough. Some of the particles will still be bouncing around a lot, and only some will be lying down nicely. The magnetic field is then slowly lowered bit by bit to let the faster bouncing particles out. This just leaves us with the coldest and slowest atoms inside.


title: Coatbridge

paragraphs: Coatbridge is a town in North Lanarkshire, Scotland.

paragraphs: Today the town is a working class town near to Glasgow, the largest city in Scotland. The town has also been described as "uniquely populated largely by people of Irish descent", meaning that there are many people from Irish families.


title: Formia

paragraphs: Formia is a city of the province of Latina, near Lazio (Italy).


title: Mrs Beeton

paragraphs: Mrs Beeton (born Isabella Mary Mayson, 12 March 1836 – 6 February 1865) was known around the world as Mrs Beeton. She was the English author of "Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management", and is one of the most famous cookbook writers.

paragraphs: Isabella was born at 24 Milk Street, Cheapside, London, England. Her father, Benjamin Mayson, died when she was young and her mother, Elizabeth Jerram later married Henry Dorling, who was a widower and he had four children of his own. They lived in Epsom, Surrey where Henry was Clerk of Epsom Racecourse. Isabella was sent to school in Heidelberg, Germany, where she became a very good pianist. When she finished school, she went back to Epsom.

paragraphs: Isabella's husband, Samuel Orchart Beeton, was also born in Milk Street. Even after the move to Epsom the two mothers of Samuel and Isabella kept talking to one another. On a visit to London, Isabella was introduced to Samuel Beeton who had become a publisher of books and popular magazines. They married on 10 July 1856 at Epsom Parish Church. In August of that year they moved into their first home, a large Italianate property at 2 Chandos Villas on the Woodridings Estate in Hatch End.

paragraphs: Their first child, Samuel Orchart, was born in May 1857 but he died of croup in August of that year. In September 1859, another son was born, and his name was also Samuel Orchart.

paragraphs: During Isabella's time in Hatch End she began to write articles on cooking and how to manage a house for her husband's publications. In 1859–1861, she wrote something every month for "The Englishwoman's Domestic Magazine". In October 1861, the writings were published as a single book, "The Book of Household Management".

paragraphs: The Beetons left Hatch End in the autumn of 1861. In December of that year their son became sick with scarlet fever while on holiday in Brighton. He died on New Year's Eve. Mrs. Beeton gave birth to two other sons, Orchart (on New Year's Eve in 1863) and Mayson Moss (in January 1865).

paragraphs: The book was very well known as "Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management", it was a guide to running a Victorian household, with advice on fashion, child care, animal husbandry, poisons, the management of servants, science, religion, and industrialism.

paragraphs: The book had 1,112 pages, and over 900 of the pages were recipes. Because many of the pages were recipes, it became known as "Mrs Beeton's Cookbook". Most of the recipes were illustrated with colored pictures, and it was the first book to show recipes in a way that is still used today. It is said that many of the recipes were actually taken from earlier writers (including Eliza Acton), but the Beetons never claimed that the book's contents were original. It was supposed to be a guide of reliable information for the middle class people. Mrs Beeton is described better as the books compiler and editor than as its author, because many of the passages were not in her own words.

paragraphs: The day after the birth of her fourth child, in January 1865, Isabella became sick with puerperal fever. She died a week later at the age of 28. Her widower lived for another twelve years. He died of tuberculosis in June 1877 at the age of 46.

paragraphs: The couple are buried in West Norwood Cemetery in Lambeth under a simple headstone.


title: Fleury-les-Aubrais

paragraphs: Fleury-les-Aubrais is a commune of the Loiret department in the northern part of France.