title: Caaguazú Department

paragraphs: Caaguazú () is a department in Paraguay. The capital is the city of Coronel Oviedo. Its code is PY-05.

paragraphs: In 1712, Gregorio Bazán de Pedraza founded the town of Villa de San Isidro Labrador de Curuguaty, followed by Ybytimí in 1715, San Joaquín in 1746, and Carayaó in 1770.

paragraphs: The department was created in 1906 with the name of "Yhú"; the town of Yhú was named as the capital of the department. Other towns were Ajos (present day Coronel Oviedo), Carayaó, San Joaquín and Caaguazú. Upon territorial reorganization in 1945, it was given the name of Caaguazú.

paragraphs: Its present limits were defined in 1973.

paragraphs: The Caaguazú department is in middle of the "Oriental" region. It has an area of , of the area of Paraguay. Its estimated population in 2013 is 484,177 for a population density of inhabitants/km.

paragraphs: The "Caaguazú mountain range" crosses the department from the north to the south. The main river in the department, and of Paraguay, is the Paraguay.

paragraphs: , the total amount of precipitation for the year 2012 in the city of Coronel Oviedo was . The month with the most precipitation was April with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation was August with .

paragraphs: The average temperature for the year 2012 in Coronel Oviedo was . The warmest month, on average, was December with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is July, with an average temperature of .

paragraphs: The department is divided in 22 districts:


title: Ulisseia (epic poem)

paragraphs: Ulisseia ou Lisboa Edificada is an epic poem by Portuguese poet Gabriel Pereira de Castro. It was published by author's brother Luís Pereira de Castro in 1636. The poem is written in ottava rima (oitava rima in Portuguese). The stanza is rhymed abababcc. The poem is about discovery of Portugal by Ulysses.


title: Combined gas law

paragraphs: The combined gas law is a formula about ideal gases. It comes from putting together three different laws about the pressure, volume, and temperature of the gas. They explain what happens to two of the values of that gas while the third stays the same. The three laws are:

paragraphs: The combined gas law shows how the three variables are related to each other. It says that:

paragraphs: To compare the same gas with two of these cases, the law can be written as:

paragraphs: By adding Avogadro's law to the combined gas law, we get what is called the ideal gas law.

paragraphs: Boyle's Law states that the pressure-volume product is constant:

paragraphs: Charles's Law shows that the volume is proportional to the absolute temperature:

paragraphs: Gay-Lussac's Law says that the pressure is proportional to the absolute temperature:

paragraphs: where "P" is the pressure, "V" the volume and "T" the absolute temperature of an ideal gas.

paragraphs: By combining (1) and either of (2) or (3), we can gain a new equation with "P", "V" and "T". If we divide equation (1) by temperature and multiply equation (2) by pressure we will get:

paragraphs: As the left-hand side of both equations is the same, we arrive at

paragraphs: Substituting in Avogadro's Law yields the ideal gas equation.

paragraphs: A derivation of the combined gas law using only elementary algebra can contain surprises. For example, starting from the three empirical laws

paragraphs: where "k", "k", and "k" are the constants, one can multiply the three together to obtain

paragraphs: Taking the square root of both sides and dividing by "T" appears to produce of the desired result

paragraphs: However, if before applying the above procedure, one merely rearranges the terms in Boyle's Law, "k" = "PV", then after canceling and rearranging, one obtains

paragraphs: which is not very helpful if not misleading.

paragraphs: A physical derivation, longer but more reliable, begins by realizing that the constant volume parameter in Gay-Lussac's law will change as the system volume changes. At constant volume, "V" the law might appear "P" = "k""T", while at constant volume "V" it might appear "P" = "k""T".

paragraphs: Denoting this "variable constant volume" by "k"("V"), rewrite the law as

paragraphs: The same consideration applies to the constant in Charles's law, which may be rewritten

paragraphs: In seeking to find "k"("V"), one should not unthinkingly eliminate "T" between (4) and (5), since "P" is varying in the former while it is assumed constant in the latter. Rather, it should first be determined in what sense these equations are compatible with one another. To gain insight into this, recall that any two variables determine the third. Choosing "P" and "V" to be independent, we picture the "T" values forming a surface above the "PV"-plane. A definite "V" and "P" define a "T", a point on that surface. Substituting these values in (4) and (5), and rearranging yields

paragraphs: Since these both describe what is happening at the same point on the surface, the two numeric expressions can be equated and rearranged

paragraphs: Note that and are the slopes of orthogonal lines parallel to the "P"-axis/"V"-axis and through that point on the surface above the "PV" plane. The ratio of the slopes of these two lines depends only on the value of at that point.

paragraphs: Note that the functional form of (6) did not depend on the particular point chosen. The same formula would have arisen for any other combination of P and V values. Therefore, one can write

paragraphs: This says that each point on the surface has its own pair of orthogonal lines through it, with their slope ratio depending only on that point. Whereas (6) is a relation between specific slopes and variable values, (7) is a relation between slope functions and function variables. It holds true for any point on the surface, i.e. for any and all combinations of "P" and "V" values. To solve this equation for the function "k"("V"), first separate the variables, "V" on the left and "P" on the right.

paragraphs: Choose any pressure "P". The right side evaluates to some arbitrary value, call it "k".

paragraphs: This particular equation must now hold true, not just for one value of "V", but for all values of "V". The only definition of "k"("V") that guarantees this for all "V" and arbitrary "k" is

paragraphs: which may be verified by substitution in (8).

paragraphs: Finally, substituting (9) in Gay-Lussac's law (4) and rearranging produces the combined gas law

paragraphs: Note that while Boyle's law was not used in this derivation, it is easily deduced from the result. Generally, any two of the three starting laws are all that is needed in this type of derivation – all starting pairs lead to the same combined gas law.

paragraphs: The combined gas law can be used to explain the mechanics where pressure, temperature, and volume are affected. For example: air conditioners, refrigerators and the formation of clouds and also use in fluid mechanics and thermodynamics.


title: Kevin Shinick

paragraphs: Kevin Shinick (19 March, 1969, Merrick, New York) is a voice actor, screenwriter and producer. He won an Emmy Award in 2010 for Outstanding Short-Format Animated Program for "Robot Chicken". Shenick is the creator, voice actor and producer of the comedy series Mad (TV series). He was also a writer for Robot Chicken.


title: Bill English

paragraphs: Simon William "Bill" English (born 30 December 1961) is a New Zealand politician. He was the 39th Prime Minister of New Zealand from 2016 to 2017 and the leader of the National Party. He was previously Deputy Prime Minister from 2008 to 2016.

paragraphs: At the 2017 general election, National won the largest share of the party vote (44.4%) and the largest number of seats (56) in the House Representatives.

paragraphs: However, National lacked enough seats to govern alone due to two of the party's support partners, the Māori Party and United Future, losing their parliamentary seats. In response, English announced that the party would be entering into talks to form a coalition with New Zealand First. However, on 19 October 2017, Jacinda Ardern became the next Prime Minister after Winston Peters announced he would enter a coalition government with Labour.


title: Big data

paragraphs: Big data is a term used for certain database systems. It is used for a number of technologies which help to organize, gather and analyse data.

paragraphs: At least some of the following characteristics apply:

paragraphs: Bid data is used to analyse different subjects. Through the analysis, new information can be gained. Bigger amounts of data make it easier to find reliable information. It is used in many different areas, such as government, health care, insurance, media, advertisement and information technology.

paragraphs: The data is gathered among other things through:

paragraphs: Big data has been criticised for different reasons. One prominent criticism is the increasing surveillance to gather data, which takes place in many new forms. Edward Snowden has revealed how the American National Security Agency (NSA) uses digital technology to spy on people around the world. Another prominent criticisms is data privacy, which is about the risk of sensitive personal data leaking because it is not protected well enough.

paragraphs: A more fundamental critique of big data is just because it is bigger, it is not automatically better. The quality of the data still has to be controlled. It also says that data analysis can only ask "what" is happening, but not "why" it is happening.


title: European Women's Handball Championship

paragraphs: The European Women's Handball Championship is the official competition for the women's national handball teams of Europe. It takes place every two years. In addition to crowning the European champions, the tournament is also a qualifying tournament for the Olympic Games and World Championship.

paragraphs: As of December 2014, the only teams that have ever won the championship are Norway (six times), Denmark (three times), Hungary and Montenegro (once). Denmark has hosted the most European Championships for three times, in 2010 Denmark was co-host with Norway.


title: Thirunallar Saniswaran temple

paragraphs: Thirunallar Saniswaran Temple is a famous Hindu temple that is dedicated to Lord Shani or Lord Saturn. It is located in Thirunallar of Karaikal district in Puducherry Union territory, India. The another name of this temple is Dharbaranyeshwarar Temple.The main deity of the temple is Lord Shiva (Lord Dharbaranyeshwarar).

paragraphs: The main deity Lord Shiva is said to be made with the "dharbha grass", from which the temple got its name of Dharbaranyeshwarar Temple. The temple also centers Lord Saniswaran or Lord Saturn as one of the main god. The shrine of Thirunallar is famous for this lord. According to Hinduism, Lord Saniswaran resides in each rasi or zodiac sign for about two and half years.The temple is revered by hymns of the Shaiva poets like Appar, Sundarar and Sambandar. Therefore it is classified as Paadal Petra Sthalam or The shrine which was revered by hymns of the poets.


title: Nagore

paragraphs: Nagore is a town in the Nagapattinam district in Tamil Nadu, India. It is one of the important Islamic shrine in Tamil Nadu. Five centuries old Nagore Dargah is famous throughout the state.It attracts thousands of people daily. The total population of Nagore is 97,525. It is 12km away from Karaikal and 5 km away from district headquarters Nagapattinam.

paragraphs: The Nagore Kandhuri Festival is very famous throughout the region. The festival season in Nagore falls in the month of May.Nagore Dargah is famous because any religious people can gather in the religious site. It is the Common Religious Gathering Point of thousands of people visiting the place each day.

paragraphs: Nagore is also famous for sweets and fishes that are obtained from the coastal region of Nagore. The Nagore Railway station is one of the crowded railway station in that region, since thousands of devotees come through railway to the holy Dargah.


title: Nellore

paragraphs: Nellore is a city in Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is located in the banks of Penna River. It is the fourth most populous city in Andhra Pradesh. The city is well known for agriculture and aquaculture.It is the headquarters of the Nellore district. The total population of the city is 600,869.Density is 4000/km.

paragraphs: The name is said to be taken from Purana that depicts, a linga under the Nelli tree(Amla or Indian gooseberry). From then the place is called as Nelli-ooru then the name emerged as Nellore.It is said that the city existed since the Mauryan dynasty.

paragraphs: The main economy of the city is based on agriculture and aquaculture. The main productive is Shrimp culturing.The Nellore city is located near the coastal region of Bay of Bengal.


title: Protologism

paragraphs: A protologism is a brand new word. Most people don't know about the word after its creation. Only a tiny group of people have ever used the word. Sometimes the coiner is the only person who has ever used the word. Sometimes people create protologisms because of a gap in the language.


title: Riederalp

paragraphs: Riederalp is a municipality of the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

paragraphs: On 1 November 2003 the former municipalities of Goppisberg, Greich and Ried-Mörel merged into the new municipality of Riederalp.


title: Steg, Switzerland

paragraphs: Steg is a former municipality of the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. On 1 January 2009 the former municipalities of Steg and Hohtenn merged into the new municipality of Steg-Hohtenn.


title: Tirupati

paragraphs: Tirupati is a city in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh state in India. It is a municipal corporation and headquarters of Tirupati revenue division and Tirupati mandal(taluk).As of the Census of 2011, Tirupati is the 9th most populous city in Andhra Pradesh with the total population of 287,482.Population of the urban agglomeration of Tirupati is 459,985.

paragraphs: Tirupati has one of the most visited tourist attraction as well as religious shrine and the second most richest temple in the world, the Tirumala Venkateswara Temple. This temple is one of the holiest Hindu pilgrimage site.Because of this temple, Tirupati is considered as "the Spiritual capital of Andhra Pradesh".

paragraphs: Tirupati is mainly world renowned for the holy temple as well as its prasadham, the Tirupati Laddu.The Tirupati Laddu is a famous naivedhyam or prasadham offered to devotees in the Tirumala Venkateshwara Temple.The other attractions here are the Padmavathi Temple, Govindaraja Temple, Kapileshwara Temple , Kapila Theertham and Sri Kodhandaramaswami Temple.The second largest zoo park in Asia is the Venkateshwara Zoological Park, which is located in Tirupati.


title: Chittoor

paragraphs: Chittoor is a city and district headquarters of the Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is the headquarters of the Chittoor mandal and Chittoor revenue division. Telugu is the widely spoken language in this region. The total population of Chittoor city was 353,766 as of the 2011 Census of India.

paragraphs: The total area of the city is . The density of the population residing in this city is 2000/km.

paragraphs: The main attraction in this city is the Chandragiri Fort.

paragraphs: Nara Chandrababu Naidu was born in Chittoor. He is the Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh and the leader of the Telugu Desam Party.


title: Ajmer

paragraphs: Ajmer is one of the big cities in Rajasthan, India. Ajmer is the headquarters of the Ajmer district. The city was established by a Chauhan ruler Shakambhari Chahamana and also served as the capital in 12th century.Ajmer is surrounded by Aravalli Mountains. The population of Ajmer according to 2011 census is 542,580 and in the urban agglomeration 551,360.

paragraphs: The main tourist places here are the Ajmer Sharif Dhargah(Shrine of Khwaja Mouinudeen Chishti), Happy Valley, Miran Syed Husain Dargah, Taragarh Fort, Adhai Din Ka Jhondpa Mosque, Nareli Jain Temple and many attracts tourists.The Pushkar Lake is located 11km away from Ajmer.


title: Arrondissements of the Aube department

paragraphs: There are 3 arrondissements in the Aube department.

paragraphs: Since its creation, the Aube department has had few changes:


title: Arrondissement of Bar-sur-Aube

paragraphs: The arrondissement of Bar-sur-Aube is an arrondissement of France, in the Aube department, Grand Est region. Its capital is the city of Bar-sur-Aube.

paragraphs: When the Aube department was created in 1800, the "arrondissement" of Bar-sur-Aube was part of that original department.

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Bar-sur-Aube is in the east of the Aube department. It is bordered to the north by the Marne department, to the east and southeast by the Haute-Marne department and to the southwest and west by the Troyes "arrondissement".

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Bar-sur-Aube is the smallest "arrondissement" of the department, with an area of , and it is also the "arrondissement" with fewest inhabitants (28,733 inhabitants).

paragraphs: After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements".

paragraphs: There are only 3 cantons in the arrondissement of Bar-sur-Aube; they are:

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Aube has 104 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː

paragraphs: The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are:


title: Arrondissement of Nogent-sur-Seine

paragraphs: The arrondissement of Nogent-sur-Seine is an arrondissement of France. It is in the Aube department, Grand Est region. Its capital is the city of Nogent-sur-Seine.

paragraphs: When the Aube department was created in 1800, the "arrondissement" of Nogent-sur-Seine was part of that original department.

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Nogent-sur-Seine is in the northwest of the Aube department. It is bordered to the north by the Marne department, to the east by the Troyes "arrondissement", to the south by the Yonne department and to the west by the Seine-et-Marne department.

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Nogent-sur-Seine has an area of and a population of 54,177 inhabitants.

paragraphs: There are 5 cantons in the arrondissement of Nogent-sur-Seine; they are:

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Nogent-sur-Seine has 80 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː


title: Arrondissement of Troyes

paragraphs: The arrondissement of Troyes is an arrondissement of France, in the Aube department, Grand Est region. Its capital, and prefecture of the department, is the city of Troyes.

paragraphs: When the Aube department was created on 1800, the "arrondissement" of Troyes was part of that original department.

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Troyes is in the middle of the Aube department. It is bordered to the north by the Marne department, to the east by the Bar-sur-Aube "arrondissement", to the south by the Côte-d'Or department, to the southwest by the Yonne department and to the west by the Nogent-sur-Seine "arrondissement".

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Troyes is the largest "arrondissement" of the department in area, with , and in population, with 225,184 inhabitants.

paragraphs: There are 14 cantons in the arrondissement of Troyes; they are:

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Troyes has 247 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː


title: A14 road (Great Britain)

paragraphs: The A14 is a major road in England. It is a trunk road which runs roughly east to west, from the Port of Felixstowe, Suffolk to the junction of the M1 and M6 motorways near Rugby, Warwickshire. Along the way, it crosses the ancient main north-south route of Watling Street, now the A1.

paragraphs: The road forms part of the Trans European Road Network, and runs mostly through Suffolk, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire.

paragraphs: It is part of unsigned Euroroutes E24 and E30.


title: Karaikal Ammaiyar Temple

paragraphs: The Karaikal Ammaiyar Temple is the Hindu temple in Karaikal of Pondicherry Union territory, India. It is dedicated to goddess Karaikal Ammaiyar, one of the 63 nayanmars of Shaiva. She is one of the renowned goddess in Karaikal.The earliest findings of Carnatic Music poetry were told to be sung by Karaikal Ammaiyar in praise of Lord Shiva in Thiruvalangadu, a village.

paragraphs: The temple of Karaikal Ammaiyar was constructed by Malaiperumal Pillai in the year 1929. Malaiperumal Pillai was born in Karaikal in the year 1890 and dead in 1937.The Ammaiyar temple has the sanctums for goddess Karaikal Ammaiyar, Lord Somanathar (Lord Shiva) & Lord Vinayaka.

paragraphs: The mangani (Mango) festival celebrated is the most famous festival in Karaikal.On the month of Aani(June-July), this festival is celebrated every year. This was since Lord Shiva in procession as Bikshatadanamurthi came to the world begging. In Karaikal, Ammaiyar gave him a mango and curd rice. The festival is considered spiritual because it is said that the women participating in the festival and eating the mango thrown, will be given the boon of child.


title: Kadapa

paragraphs: Kadapa is a city in Rayalseema region of Kadapa district of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is the headquarters of the Kadapa district.The city is said to be nicknamed "Gadapa" (threshold), as it is the gateway to the sacred Tirumala hills from the west. The city is surrounded by Nallamala and Palakonda hills.The city is known for its spicy and culinary food.

paragraphs: Kadapa is one of the fastest growing cities in Andhra Pradesh. As of the 2011 Census of India, the city had a population of 344,078. The literacy rate of the city is 79.34%. Telugu is the widely spoken language in Kadapa. English, Hindi and Urdu are the other languages that are spoken in Kadapa.

paragraphs: For transportation, Kadapa has its own airport and railway stations. Kadapa Airport is a domestic airport. The Mumbai-Chennai line, one of the busiest railway line passes through Kadapa Railway station .


title: Vadodara

paragraphs: Vadodara is the third largest city in Gujarat, India. It used to be called Baroda. It is the administrative capital or headquarters of Vadodara district in Gujarat. The city is on the banks of Vishwamitri River. The city is famous for Lakshmi Vilas Palace, an excellent architectural palace. It is also the place for the Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda (Vadodara), the largest university in the state.

paragraphs: The city is an important place of industrial, educational and cultural centre in India. Vadodara has its own airport. The Vadodara Airport has good connectivity with Mumbai, Chennai, Delhi, Kolkata and other main airports. An international terminal was built and was inaugurated by PM Narendra Modi in 2016. Vadodara Railway Station is one of the busiest railway station in Gujarat. It deals with about 150 trains daily.

paragraphs: As of the 2011 census, Vadodara had a population of 16,70,806 and the metropolitan area had a population of 20,65,771. Gujarati, Urdu, Marathi and Hindi are the widely spoken languages in Vadodara. Vadodara has the oldest cricket ground in Asia, the Moti Baug Stadium. Vadodara is the birthplace of cricketers like Yusuf Pathan, Irfan Pathan, Nayan Mongia, Deepak Hooda, Hardik Pandya, Krunal Pandya, Ambati Rayudu and Kiran More.


title: Vijayawada

paragraphs: Vijayawada is the second largest city in Andhra Pradesh, India. It is on the banks of Krishna River. Vijayawada is a municipal corporation and headquarters of the Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority and Vijayawada mandal. It is also known as the business capital of Andhra Pradesh. This is because it is one of the major trading and business center of the state.

paragraphs: Vijayawada is the second largest city after the Visakhapatnam port city, in Andhra Pradesh. The city is recognised as the Global City of the Future by "McKinsey Quarterly". According to the 2011 census the total population of the city is 1,034,358. The urban area population is 1,476,931. The literacy rate of the city is 82.59%.

paragraphs: Vijayawada Railway station is an important junction in the south central railway zone. Vijayawada Airport is well connected with nearby cities such as Hyderabad, Bangalore, Chennai, Visakhapatnam, Tirupati and Kadapa.


title: Vellore

paragraphs: Vellore is an important city in Tamil Nadu, India. It is the headquarters of Vellore district.It is located on the banks of Palar River.The area of Vellore covers about 87km.The total population of Vellore city is 423,425 as per 2001 census.Vellore is the base place where two of India's top 10 educational institutions located.They are:Christian Medical College Hospital and VIT University.

paragraphs: Vellore region is the top exporter of finished leather goods in the country. Vellore leather accounts for more than 37% of the country's export of leather and leather-related products.

paragraphs: Vellore Fort, Science Park, Vainu Bappu Observatory, Amirthi Zoological Park, Religious places such as Jalakandeswarar Temple, Srilakshmi Golden Temple, Big Mosque and St. John's Church and Yelagiri Hill station are the top tourist attractions in and around Vellore.


title: Warangal

paragraphs: Warangal is a city in Telangana, India. It is the headquarters of Warangal district in Telengana. Warangal is the second largest city after Hyderabad by both area as well as population. 811,844 people live in Warangal.

paragraphs: Warangal is one of 12 heritage cities in the country chosen for Scheme HRIDAY – Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana by Government of India. It is also selected as a smart city in the "fast-track competition", so it may get additional investment to improve the urban infrastructure and industrial opportunities under Smart Cities Mission.

paragraphs: Warangal was the capital of the Kakatiya dynasty from 1195 CE until that ruling family was defeated by the Delhi Sultanate in 1323. The city was then renamed as Sultanpur. After the Telangana movement, Telangana state was formed on 2 June 2014, Warangal became part of Telangana State. Bhadrakali Lake and Waddepally Lake are the two famous lakes are the major sources of drinking water.


title: James Gillray

paragraphs: James Gillray (13 August 1756 or 1757 – 1 June 1815) was a British caricaturist and printmaker. He was famous for his cartoons. They were etched political and social satires, mainly published between 1792 and 1810.

paragraphs: Gillray has been called "the father of the political cartoon". He satirized George III, prime ministers and generals. He was one of the two most influential cartoonists of that time: the other was William Hogarth. Gillray's wit and humour, knowledge of life, and fine drawing, gave him the first place among caricaturists.

paragraphs: The name of Gillray's publisher and print seller was Miss Hannah Humphrey. Her shop is always associated with the caricaturist. Gillray lived with Miss (often called Mrs) Humphrey for the entire period of his fame.

paragraphs: Although he satirized George III as "Farmer George", his main target was the

paragraphs: gluttonous Prince of Wales (later George IV). Napoleon was another favourite target. Gillray was especially hard on the rich, the famous and the most powerful people.


title: The Elf on the Shelf

paragraphs: The Elf on the Shelf: A Christmas Tradition is a 2004 children's picture book. It was written by Carol Aebersold and her daughter Chanda Bell. The book was illustrated by Coë Steinwart. It tells a Christmas-themed story, written in rhyme. The story explains how Santa Claus knows who is naughty and who is nice. It describes elves visiting children between Thanksgiving and Christmas Eve, after which they return to the North Pole until the next holiday season.


title: Debutante

paragraphs: A debutante is a young woman who is first introduced into society. In former times, these young ladies would be part of nobility, or the upper class. Originally, the term meant the young person was now old enough to be married. The purpose of the coming out was to display her to eligible bachelors and their families. The term comes from French, and can be translated as "beginner".

paragraphs: In those days, a young lady of quality could not meet anyone unless they were introduced to her. This introduction could happen at an event (such as a ball) which was part of the 'season'. In Britain there was a formal presentation of the debutants to the monarch at Court (abolished by the present queen). According to the peerage guide Debrett's, the traditional social season runs from April to August.


title: Fentanyl

paragraphs: Fentanyl (sometimes spelled fentanil) is a synthetic opioid that is used as a painkiller. It also acts as a sedative. It has a short duration of action and a rapid onset. The two most common forms are patches that are put on the skin, and an intravenous solution. Paul Janssen developed Fentanyl in 1960. Fentanyl is about 120 times as potent as morphine; this means, much less Fentanyl is needed to get the same effect.

paragraphs: The effects of the intravenous solution can be seen after three to five minutes. In about twelve hours, the concentration in the bloodstream will have halved.

paragraphs: Fentanyl is also used as a recreational drug. This has led to thousands of overdose deaths each year from 2000 to 2015. Deaths have also resulted from improper medical use. Fentanyl has a relatively wide therapeutic index (270) which makes it a very safe surgical anesthetic when monitored carefully. Because it is so potent, finding the right dose to use requires great care: Fentanyl comes as a highly diluted solution. There is also a powder, but its use is impractical without advanced scientific equipment: The effective dose needed and a lethal dose of fentanyl powder placed next to each other would be difficult or impossible to differentiate with the naked eye.


title: Aube (river)

paragraphs: The Aube is a river in France. It is a right tributary of the Seine. The Aube department is named after the river.

paragraphs: The Aube river has a length of and a drainage basin with an area of .

paragraphs: Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is at Arcis-sur-Aube in the Aube department.

paragraphs: The source of the Aube river is in the Langres Plateau, in the "commune" of Praslay, at an altitude of about , in the Haute-Marne department.

paragraphs: The Aube river flows through 2 regions, 4 departments and 80 "communes". It flows through the following "communes", among others:

paragraphs: Finally, it flows into the Seine river in the town of Marcilly-sur-Seine in the Marne department.

paragraphs: The main tributaries of the Aube river are:


title: Terza rima

paragraphs: Terza rima is a three-line rhyme scheme of Italian origin.. The first line rhymes with the third one. The second line is free and can rhyme with a line in the next strophe.

paragraphs: Terza rima occurs in sonnets. Sonnets are often composed of two quatrains and two terza rimas, for example abba abba cdc dcd. This scheme can be found in many Italian, Spanish and Portuguese sonnets. This sonnet by the 16th century Portuguese poet Francisco de Sá de Miranda is a good example.

paragraphs: "O sol é grande, caem co’a calma as aves,"

paragraphs: "do tempo em tal sazão, que sói ser fria;"

paragraphs: "esta água que d’alto cai acordar-m’-ia"

paragraphs: "incertos muito mais que ao vento as naves."

paragraphs: "também mudando-m’eu fiz doutras cores:"

paragraphs: "e tudo o mais renova, isto é sem cura!"

paragraphs: Usually terza rimas are linked to each other making long chain-like sequences. There is an extra line at the end of the sequence. The scheme of rhymes is: aba bcb cdc ded... xyx yzy z. Terza rimas are suitable for long poems. The best known example is The Divine Comedy by Dante Alighieri. Perhaps every child in Italy knows these lines by heart.

paragraphs: "ma per trattar del ben ch’i’ vi trovai,"

paragraphs: "dirò de l’altre cose ch’i’ v’ ho scorte."

paragraphs: Spanish poet Bernardo de Balbuena, who lived in Mexico, wrote a long poem in terza rima named "Grandeza mexicana"

paragraphs: "Oh tú, heroica beldad, saber profundo,"

paragraphs: "sobre que el mar del sur resaca y quiebra"

paragraphs: "do haciendo a tu valor notoria quiebra,"

paragraphs: In Britain Robert Browning used terza rima in "The Statue and the Bust":

paragraphs: "There ’s a palace in Florence, the world knows well,"

paragraphs: "And a statue watches it from the square,"

paragraphs: "And this story of both do the townsmen tell."

paragraphs: "At the furthest window facing the east,"

paragraphs: "Asked, “Who rides by with the royal air?”'

paragraphs: "The bridesmaids’ prattle around her ceased:"

paragraphs: "They saw how the blush of the bride increased."

paragraphs: Percy Bysshe Shelley invented a sonnet built of fout terza rimas and a couplet. It rhymes aba bcb cdc ded ee. Shelley used it in "Ode to the Western Wind". It consists of five sonnets. Let us look at the first one.

paragraphs: "O wild West Wind, thou breath of Autumn's being,"

paragraphs: "Thou, from whose unseen presence the leaves dead"

paragraphs: "Are driven, like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing,"

paragraphs: "Yellow, and black, and pale, and hectic red,"

paragraphs: "Pestilence-stricken multitudes: O thou,"

paragraphs: "Who chariotest to their dark wintry bed"

paragraphs: "The winged seeds, where they lie cold and low,"

paragraphs: "Each like a corpse within its grave, until"

paragraphs: "Thine azure sister of the Spring shall blow"

paragraphs: "Her clarion o'er the dreaming earth, and fill"

paragraphs: "(Driving sweet buds like flocks to feed in air)"

paragraphs: "With living hues and odours plain and hill:"

paragraphs: "Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere;"

paragraphs: "Destroyer and preserver; hear, oh hear!"

paragraphs: </poem> American poet Robert Frost in his poem "Acquainted with the Night" used aba bcb cdc dad aa scheme.

paragraphs: Jan Kasprowicz, who translated Shelley's poem into Polish, used this scheme in a work by his own. It is called "Cisza wieczorna". ("Evening Silence").

paragraphs: Another form composed of terza rimas is a villanelle. It is made up of nineteen lines. It rhmymes acording to the scheme aba aba aba aba aba abaa. An example is "Do not go gentle into that good night" by Welsh poet Dylan Thomas.


title: Therapeutic index

paragraphs: The therapeutic index is a number that tells how safe it is to use a drug. It is obtained by dividing two numbers: the dose needed so that half of all individuals show the desired effect, and the dose which will kill half of all the individuals.


title: Geodetic datum

paragraphs: A geodetic datum is used to locate a given position when using a set of reference, such as a map. That way a set of coordinates might reference an exact location on the map.


title: Sic semper tyrannis

paragraphs: Sic semper tyrannis is a Latin phrase attributed to Marcus Junius Brutus, one of the people who assassinated Julius Caesar. It can be translated as "Thus always to tyrants". It is a shortened version of the phrase "Sic semper evello mortem tyrannis" ("Thus always I bring death to tyrants"). John Wilkes Booth is believed to have said the phrase after assassinating Abraham Lincoln.

paragraphs: It is also the motto of the Commonwealth of Virginia.


title: Karl Ernst von Baer

paragraphs: Karl Ernst Ritter von Baer, Edler von Huthorn (; – ) was an Estonian scientist and explorer. Baer is also known in Russia as Karl Maksimovich Baer ().

paragraphs: Baer was a naturalist, biologist, geologist, meteorologist, geographer, and a founding father of embryology. He was an explorer of European Russia and Scandinavia. He was a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, a co-founder of the Russian Geographical Society, and the first president of the Russian Entomological Society, making him a distinguished Baltic German scientist.


title: European Russia

paragraphs: Russia is a country that is both in Europe and in Asia. The border is the Ural Mountains and Ural River. By geography, about twenty-five percent of the surface is in Europe, and seventy-five percent is in Asia. By population, about 110 million of the 144 million people, or 77%, live in the European part. The European part makes up 38 % of the surface of Europe. In the European part of Russia, there are 27.5 people per square kilometer. The Asian part has 22 % of the population, which means there are 2.5 people per square kilometer.

paragraphs: The two biggest cities, Moscow and Saint Petersburg are in the European part.


title: Foreign and Commonwealth Office

paragraphs: The Foreign and Commonwealth Office (or Foreign Office) is a ministry of the Government of the United Kingdom. Its job it is to protect British interests around the world.

paragraphs: The head of the department is known as the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, which is usually shortened to "Foreign Secretary". This position is one of the four most important in the government's Cabinet. Jeremy Hunt is the current Foreign Secretary of the UK.


paragraphs: École nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique is a renowned graduate engineering school in France. It is in a campus of the "Futuroscope".

paragraphs: Its different curricula lead to the following French & European degrees :

paragraphs: Academic activities and industrial applied research are performed mainly in French and English languages. Students from a dozen of nationalities participate to the different curricula at ENSMA.

paragraphs: Research activities at ENSMA relate to the following topics:


title: Steg-Hohtenn

paragraphs: Steg-Hohtenn is a municipality in the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

paragraphs: On 1 January 2009 the former municipalities of Hohtenn and Steg merged into the new municipality of Steg-Hohtenn.


title: Fuller House (TV series)

paragraphs: Fuller House is an American television sitcom. This is the sequel to "Full House", which aired on ABC from 1987 to 1995. The show looks at Donna Jo "D.J." Tanner, now a widowed mother of three sons living in San Francisco.

paragraphs: Most of the original "Full House" series cast members returned to play the same characters in "Fuller House". They have made guest appearances or have returned to their original acting roles. Candace Cameron Bure plays D.J. Tanner. Jodie Sweetin plays Stephanie. Andrea Barber plays Kimmy.

paragraphs: The series began on February 26, 2016 on Netflix. On March 2, 2016, a second season was ordered.


title: Italian Renaissance

paragraphs: The Italian Renaissance ( ) was the earliest beginning of the general European Renaissance. It was a period of great cultural change and achievement that began in Italy during the 14th century. It lasted into the 17th century, marking the gradual change between Medieval and Early Modern Europe. The term "renaissance" is a modern one that was first used in 1858 by French historian Jules Michelet. The Italian renaissance was a period of gradual change. Some parts can be traced back to the earlier part of the 14th century. Other parts did not happen until the end of the century. The French word "renaissance" ("Rinascimento" in Italian) means "Rebirth". The era is best known for the renewed interest in the culture of classical antiquity. While it started as a humanist movement it spread to other areas including science, religion, art and exploration. During this period William Shakespeare wrote his plays, Leonardo da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa, and Martin Luther had started a new religious movement. It saw Christopher Columbus discover the Americas and Johannes Gutenberg introduced printing to Europe. The Italian "rebirth" gradually spread into Northern Europe. As it moved northward, it changed into less a classical movement and more into a religious movement.


title: Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite

paragraphs: The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) is a planned NASA space telescope designed to search for planets outside of the Solar System (such planets are called "exoplanets").

paragraphs: TESS was launched on April 18, 2018 on a SpaceX Falcon 9 Full Thrust rocket from the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. The total value of the launch services contract is US$87 million. SpaceX was awarded the launch in December 2014.

paragraphs: "TESS" is orbiting the Earth with a period of about 14 days, which is half of the period of the Moon. The orbit will be highly elliptical, which means that it will be closer to the Earth at some points but very far from the Earth at other times. "TESS" will have four high-resolution cameras and will be continuously taking photos of the sky. It will send the photos to the laboratory on Earth which will make them available to scientists to study. Members of the public, like astronomy hobbyists and enthusiasts, will also be able to download and see the photos.

paragraphs: The main purpose of "TESS" is to find planets around other stars. Such planets, when they are orbiting around their stars, partially cover the stars and make them not as bright half of the time. This is called occultation. "TESS" will be looking for such stars.

paragraphs: "TESS" satellite will be small, about in size, with the solar panel span of . It will weigh at launch.


title: Barron Hilton

paragraphs: William Barron Hilton (October 23, 1927 – September 19, 2019) was an American business magnate, socialite, and hotel heir.

paragraphs: He was the son and successor of hotel pioneer Conrad Hilton. He created a record in business and philanthropy that mirrored the success of his famous father.

paragraphs: He was the retired chairman, president and chief executive officer of Hilton Hotels Corporation, and chairman emeritus of the Conrad N. Hilton Foundation. Hilton was also a founding partner of the American Football League and the original owner of the San Diego Chargers.

paragraphs: Hilton died at his Bel-Air, Los Angeles home on September 19, 2019 of natural causes at the age of 91.


title: Machine learning

paragraphs: Machine learning gives computers the ability to learn without being explicitly programmed (Arthur Samuel, 1959). It is a subfield of computer science.

paragraphs: The idea came from work in artificial intelligence. Machine learning explores the study and construction of algorithms which can learn and make predictions on data. Such algorithms follow programmed instructions, but can also make predictions or decisions based on data. They build a model from sample inputs.

paragraphs: Machine learning is done where designing and programming explicit algorithms cannot be done. Examples include spam filtering, detection of network intruders or malicious insiders working towards a data breach, optical character recognition (OCR), search engines and computer vision.


title: Arrondissements of the Meurthe-et-Moselle department

paragraphs: There are 4 arrondissements in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into "arrondissements", which may be translated into English as districts (in some cases, as boroughs). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.

paragraphs: If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.

paragraphs: Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

paragraphs: The arrondissements of Meurthe-et-Moselle are:

paragraphs: Since its creation om 1871, the Meurthe-et-Moselle department has had few changes:


title: Indian Act

paragraphs: The Indian Act ("An Act respecting Indians"), is a Canadian statute that concerns registered Indians, their bands, and the system of Indian reserves. It was first passed in 1876 and is still in force with amendments. It is the primary document which governs how the Canadian state interacts with the 614 First Nation bands in Canada and their members. Throughout its long history, the Act has been an ongoing source of controversy. It has been interpreted in many ways by both aboriginal and non-aboriginal Canadians. The legislation has been amended many times, including "over twenty major changes" made by 2002.


title: Mark-Paul Gosselaar

paragraphs: Mark-Paul Gosselaar (born March 1, 1974) is an American actor. He is well-known for his roles on television. He played Zack Morris on "Saved by the Bell". He also played the detective John Clark on ABC's "NYPD Blue".

paragraphs: Gosselaar was born in the Los Angeles area of California.


title: Arrondissement of Briey

paragraphs: The arrondissement of Briey is an arrondissement of France, in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department, Grand Est region. Its capital is the city of Briey.

paragraphs: When the Meurthe-et-Moselle department was created in 1871, the "arrondissement" of Briey was part of that original department.

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Briey is the most northern of the "arrondissements" of the Meurthe-et-Moselle department, in the panhandle. It is bordered to the northwest by Belgium, to the northeast by Luxembourg, to the east by the Moselle department, to the southeast by the "arrondissement" of Nancy, to the southwest by the "arrondissement" of Toul and to the west by the Meuse department.

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Briey has an area of . It is the smallest "arrondissement" but the second in population (164,589 inhabitants).

paragraphs: After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements".

paragraphs: There are 6 cantons in the arrondissement of Briey; they are:

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Briey has 130 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː


paragraphs: École nationale supérieure des mines d'Albi-Carmaux is a renowned graduate engineering school in France. It is in a campus of the Toulouse Tech (Southern France).

paragraphs: Its different curricula lead to the following French & European degrees :

paragraphs: Academic activities and industrial applied research are performed mainly in French and English languages. Students from a dozen of nationalities participate to the different curricula at Mines Albi.

paragraphs: Research activities at Mines Albi relate to the following topics:


title: Arrondissement of Lunéville

paragraphs: The arrondissement of Lunéville is an arrondissement of France, in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department, Grand Est region. Its capital is the city of Lunéville.

paragraphs: When the Meurthe-et-Moselle department was created in 1871, the "arrondissement" of Lunéville was part of that original department.

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Lunéville is in the southeast of the Meurthe-et-Moselle department. It is bordered to the north and east by the Moselle department, to the southeast by the Bas-Rhin department (a short border), to the south by the Vosges department and to the west by the "arrondissement" of Nancy.

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Lunéville has an area of and a population of 79,567 inhabitants.

paragraphs: There are only 3 cantons in the arrondissement of Lunéville; they are:

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Lunéville has 164 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː


title: Arrondissement of Nancy

paragraphs: The arrondissement of Nancy is an arrondissement of France, in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department, Grand Est region. Its capital is the city of Nancy.

paragraphs: When the Meurthe-et-Moselle department was created in 1871, the "arrondissement" of Nancy was part of that original department.

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Nancy is in the middle of the southern part of the Meurthe-et-Moselle department. It is bordered to the north by the Moselle department, to the east by the "arrondissement" of Lunéville, to the south by the Vosges department, to the west by the "arrondissement" of Toul and to the northwest by the "arrondissement" of Briey.

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Nancy has an area of and a population of 417,430 inhabitants.

paragraphs: There are only 16 cantons in the arrondissement of Nancy; they are:

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Nancy has 188 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː


title: Lady Jane Grey (poem)

paragraphs: "Lady Jane Grey" is an English epic poem by Francis Hodgson. It was published in 1809. It tells about the life and death of Lady Jane Grey.

paragraphs: Jane Grey, known as "The Nine Days Queen", was a great-granddaughter of the king Henry VII, father of Henry VIII. When Henry VIII's son and successor Edward VI died, the crown of England was offered to her. She was however soon put in prison by Queen Mary I of England, called "Bloody Mary". She was sentenced to death. She had her head cut off in the Tower of London. She was seventeen years old at the time.

paragraphs: Francis Hodgson was an English romantic poet. He was born in 1781. He was a friend of Lord Byron. He was known as a translator. He translated into English many works by Roman poets. He died in 1852.

paragraphs: The poem is written in iambic pentameter put in heroic couplets. Such form was typical for English poetry in 18th century.

paragraphs: "Through these low grounds of sorrow, toil and strife,"

paragraphs: "As runs the troubled stream of human life,"

paragraphs: "Why should the poor laborious crowd repine?"

paragraphs: "For wealth, for honour, lovely Jane were thine,"

paragraphs: "Or in the highest, or the humblest lot,"

paragraphs: "The king's proud palace, or the straw-roof'd cot."

paragraphs: The poem was reviewed in "The Satirist: Or, Monthly Meteor" and "The Anti-Jacobin Review and Magazine Or Monthly Political and Literary Censor".


title: Chigger

paragraphs: A chigger is a small, parasitic mite which lives in tall grass. It is a member of a larger family known as the Trombiculidae.

paragraphs: The species of Trombiculidae which bite in their larval stage cause "intense irritation", or "a wheal, usually with severe itching and dermatitis".

paragraphs: Their color can range from bright red to brown. Chiggers are almost too small to see with the naked eye, so checking grass for them is near impossible. Chigger bites appear 2-3 hours after a host is bitten, and can last for a few weeks. They bite in hot, moist places, such as the armpits, under the knees, and the genitals.

paragraphs: Trombiculidae live in forests and grasslands and in low, damp areas such as woodlands, berry bushes, orchards, along lakes and streams. It does live in drier places, such as lawns, golf courses, and parks. They are most numerous in early summer when grass, weeds, and other vegetation are heaviest.

paragraphs: In their larval stage they attach to various animals and feed on skin, often causing itching.

paragraphs: The best known species of chigger in North America is the hard-biting "Trombicula alfreddugesi" of the southeastern United States, humid midwest and Mexico. In the UK, the most common chigger, the "harvest mite", is "Trombicula autumnalis". It lives through Western Europe to Eastern Asia.


title: Arrondissement of Toul

paragraphs: The arrondissement of Toul is an arrondissement of France, in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department, Grand Est region. Its capital is the city of Toul.

paragraphs: When the Meurthe-et-Moselle department was created in 1871, the "arrondissement" of Toul was part of that original department. In 1926, it was eliminated but became again an "arrondissement" in 1943.

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Toul is most western of the southern part of the Meurthe-et-Moselle department. It is bordered to the north by the "arrondissement" of Briey, to the east by the "arrondissement" of Nancy, to the south by the Vosges department and to the west by the Meuse department. It has an small exclave to the southeast of the "arrondissement" of Briey.

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Toul has an area of and a population of 69,418 inhabitants, the "arrondissement" with fewest inhabitants in the department.

paragraphs: After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements".

paragraphs: There are only 5 cantons in the arrondissement of Toul; they are:

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Toul has 112 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː


title: Mick Mulvaney

paragraphs: John Michael "Mick" Mulvaney (born July 21, 1967) is an American politician. Mulvaney is the United States Special Envoy for Northern Ireland since 2020. He was the 44th Director of the Office of Management and Budget from February 16, 2017 to March 2020. He was the U.S. Representative for from 2011 through 2017. He is a member of the Republican Party. Mulvaney served as a member of the South Carolina Senate, representing the 16th district (Lancaster and York Counties), from 2009 to 2011.

paragraphs: He is the first Republican to represent South Carolina's 5th district since 1883. On December 16, 2016, it was reported that Presidential-Elect Donald Trump has selected Mulvaney as Director of the Office of Management and Budget. On February 16, 2017, the Senate confirmed him, 51-49.

paragraphs: In November 2017, Trump controversially appointed Mulvaney as Acting Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.

paragraphs: On December 14, 2018, Trump hired Mulvaney as White House Chief of Staff-designate in an acting capacity.

paragraphs: In March 2020, President Trump nominated Mulvaney to be United States Special Envoy for Northern Ireland.

paragraphs: Mulvaney was born in Alexandria, Virginia. He grew up in Charlotte, North Carolina, before moving to Indian Land, South Carolina. He studied at Charlotte Catholic High School and then Georgetown University.

paragraphs: Mulvaney ran against Democratic incumbent John Spratt for . The race was highlighted by Mitt Romney's Free and Strong America PAC's "Take Congress Back: 10 in '10" initiative as one of the top 10 House challenger races. He defeated Spratt, who had held the seat since 1983, with 55% of the vote.

paragraphs: Mulvaney won re-election to a second term, by defeating Democrat Joyce Knott 56%–44%. He won re-election to a third term, by defeating Democrat Tom Adams, a Fort Mill Town Council member, 59%–41%. Mulvaney was re-elected to a fourth term, winning over 59% of the vote.

paragraphs: Mulvaney aligned himself with the Tea Party movement. On December 10, 2013, Republican Representative Paul Ryan and Democratic Senator Patty Murray announced that they had negotiated the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2013, a proposed two-year budget deal. In 2015, Mulvaney voted against a government-funding resolution, in part because it included funding for Planned Parenthood. Mulvaney opposed gun control initiatives.

paragraphs: In September 2015, Mulvaney endorsed Kentucky Senator Rand Paul in the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries.

paragraphs: On December 16, 2016, Mulvaney was announced to have been chosen by President-elect Donald Trump to be the Director of the Office of Management and Budget.

paragraphs: Mulvaney's nomination as Director-designate was reviewed in hearings held by the members of the United States Senate Committee on the Budget and the United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs then presented to the full Senate for a vote. On February 16, 2017, the Senate confirmed Mulvaney, 51-49.

paragraphs: Trump appointed Mulvaney to serve as Acting Director of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. Many believe that Trump cannot appoint an Interim director. The dispute has arisen over whether Mulvaney can be so-named under the FVRA or whether a provision of the Dodd-Frank Act controls, which would make the deputy director, currently Leandra English, acting director of the CFPB instead.

paragraphs: The Senate may also resolve the dispute by confirming a permanent replacement once nominated by the President. On November 28, 2017, a federal judge ruled in Trump's favor to allow Mulvaney to serve as CFRB Acting Director.

paragraphs: On December 14, 2018, Donald Trump named Mulvaney as his acting White House Chief of Staff, replacing John F. Kelly. He was sworn-in on January 2, 2019. He was replaced by Mark Meadows in March 2020.

paragraphs: After leaving his Chief of Staff post, Mulvaney was named Special Envoy for Northern Ireland, a role which had last been held by Gary Hart. His swearing-in was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which also prevented him from making a planned trip to Northern Ireland as envoy.

paragraphs: He was sworn in via virtual FaceTime call on May 1, 2020.

paragraphs: Mulvaney has two siblings. He married his wife Pamela West in 1998. They have triplets. He is a Roman Catholic.


title: Charles Zwick

paragraphs: Charles John Zwick (July 17, 1926 – April 20, 2018) was an American civil servant. He served as director of the United States' Office of Management and Budget from January 29, 1968 until January 21, 1969 under the administration of Lyndon B. Johnson.

paragraphs: Zwick died of cancer on April 20, 2018 in Coral Gables, Florida at the age of 91.


title: Series and parallel circuits

paragraphs: Two types of electrical circuits are the series circuit, and the parallel circuit.

paragraphs: In a series circuit, the electrical current is only able to flow around a single path. The current will flow from a power source, such as a battery, into one or more electrical loads, such as a light bulb, and then back to the power source. In a series circuit, the same amount of amperage from the power source flows through each load. The Voltage in a series circuit is divided up across all of the loads. If one of the loads on a series circuit stops working, the current will not be able to flow through the rest of the circuit, and the rest of the loads will also stop working.

paragraphs: In a parallel circuit, the electrical current may flow along multiple paths before returning to the power source. The Voltage in a parallel circuit is the same across all of the loads in the circuit. In a parallel circuit, the amperage is divided up across all of the loads. If one of the loads in a parallel circuit stops working, the other loads in parallel will be able to continue to work."Potential difference is the same across all the component.In simpler terms identical bulbs connected in parallel will all be at the same brightness."-Alvin


title: Assassination of Andrei Karlov

paragraphs: On 19 December 2016, Russian diplomat Andrei Karlov was shot dead during an exhibition. He was shot dead by an assailant who was angry about the Russian involvement in Syria and the deaths of civilians in Aleppo.


title: Chromebook

paragraphs: A Chromebook is a laptops using the Linux-based Chrome OS as its operating system.

paragraphs: It uses the internet. Most applications and data are in the "cloud". A Chromebook is an example of a thin client. This is a lightweight computer which uses remote access to a server. It depends heavily on another computer (its server) to do its computation.

paragraphs: In March 2018, Acer and Google announced the creation of the first Chromebook tablet: the Chromebook Tab 10. This device was to compete with the market for discount Apple iPad tablets in the education market. The tab 10 screen (9.7 inches, 2048 x 1536 resolution) was identical to that of the iPad. The device includes a stylus. Neither device included a keyboard.


title: Gavialis

paragraphs: Gavialis is a genus of crocodylians that includes the living gharial "Gavialis gangeticus" and several extinct species.


title: Andrei Karlov

paragraphs: Andrei Gennadyevich Karlov (; 4 February 1954 – 19 December 2016) was a Russian diplomat. He served as the Russian Ambassador to Turkey from 12 July 2013 until his death. He also served as Russia's ambassador to North Korea from 9 July 2001 to 20 December 2006. He was born in Moscow.

paragraphs: Karlov, 62, was shot and killed on 19 December 2016 in Ankara, Turkey. His killer, 22-year-old Mevlüt Mert Altıntaş, was killed by security forces.


title: Jackson's Valley Campaign

paragraphs: Jackson's Valley Campaign, also known as the 1862 Shenandoah Valley Campaign, was a campaign conducted in Virginia's Shenandoah Valley in the spring of 1862 during the American Civil War. It was led by a relatively unknown Confederate General, Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson. His success in this campaign made him one of the most famous Southern generals. Jackson marched his army up and down the Shenandoah Valley for ten weeks. During that time, his army fought in five battles, winning four of them. He defeated three different Union armies. His movements tied down 70,000 Union soldiers, a force four times larger than his own. These soldiers were needed by Union general George B. McClellan for his Peninsula Campaign. Jackson's brilliant Valley Campaign is ranked among the great masterpieces of military strategy. Jackson's campaign is still studied at the United States Military Academy at West Point.

paragraphs: After a series of victories in the West, the Union Army of the Potomac launched a major offensive on the Virginia Peninsula. Their goal was to take Richmond, the Confederate States' capital. The Union was expecting a similar victory that could quickly end the war. In Virginia, the Union army now controlled the western part of the state. They established armies in Fredericksburg and in the lower Shenandoah Valley. While the Shenandoah Valley was important to both sides, it was far more important to the Confederacy. Its geography provided a natural corridor which Confederate armies could use to attack the North. It also provided a safe refuge when the same armies needed to move south again. The Shenandoah Valley was most important because its crops fed the Confederate armies.

paragraphs: The battle was fought in Frederick County and Winchester, Virginia on March 23, 1862. It was the opening battle in Jackson's Valley Campaign. Jackson's cavalry commander, Colonel Turner Ashby, had skirmished with Union troops on March 22, 1862. On March 23, Jackson sent his cavalry under Ashby against the Union position. Colonel Nathan Kimball, the Union commander, concentrated his forces on Pritchard Hill and also set up his artillery there. Jackson set up his artillery west of Pritchard Hill on Sandy Ridge. During the battle he visited his artillery position. He discovered that while he thought he was attacking a moderate sized Union army, he was in fact fighting an entire division. Seeing a force much larger than his, Jackson turned to his aide and said "We are in for it."

paragraphs: Jackson changed his attack plan. He placed his infantry around his guns on Sandy Ridge. Kimball, not realizing that his forces outnumbered Jackson's, attacked Sandy Ridge to silence the Confederate cannons. At about four o'clock, Kimball's infantry ran into Jackson's Stonewall Brigade at the base of Sandy Ridge with heavy fighting. Jackson only managed to hold his position even though he kept sending in more troops. The fight soon turned into a stalemate with neither side being able to push back the other. Kimball began sending in Union reinforcements and by six o'clock the Confederates were running out of ammunition. At this point they began to withdraw. Soon the withdrawal turned into a running fight that only ended after dark.

paragraphs: Although the battle was a Confederate tactical defeat, it represented a strategic victory for the South. It prevented the Union from sending forces from the Shenandoah Valley to reinforce McClellan on the peninsula.

paragraphs: After the battle of Kernstown, Jackson retreated south to Swift Run Gap. His army joined with Edward Johnson's Army of the Northwest. They were also joined by a division under Richard S. Ewell. Jackson now had about 17,000 Confederate soldiers.

paragraphs: Johnson's Army of the Northwest was about the size of a brigade. At the time he joined Jackson, his army was being followed by a Union brigade commanded by General Robert H. Milroy. Milroy was expecting support by another Union brigade under General Robert C. Schenck. Milroy moved west near the village of McDowell waiting for Milroy. Jackson, now at Staunton, Virginia, advanced his forces west towards Milroy and Scheneck's Union brigades. On May 8, Milroy attacked the Confederates on Sitlington’s Hill. For four hours the two armies fought, finally throwing Milroy's army back at nightfall. While the Confederates suffered greater casualties, Milroy and Schenck retreated into western Virginia during the night. This left Jackson free to push against the other Union army in the valley. He would keep Union forces busy in the valley for another month.

paragraphs: The next battle was fought on May 23, 1862 at Front Royal, Virginia. Jackson's forces attacked a 1,000 man Union garrison commanded by colonel Kenly. The Confederates surprised the pickets and quickly overran them. They drove the Union force back through the streets of Front Royal to Camp Hill (now Overlook Park in the southeastern part of Winchester). Kenly's force tried to set fire to the river bridges as they retreated but the fires were quickly put out. On Camp Hill, the Union forces made a stand before falling back to Guard Hill. They were quickly outflanked by the Confederate force and retreated towards Cedarville. Confederate cavalry under Major Flournoy made two charges on the retreating Union forces. About 900 Union soldiers surrendered.

paragraphs: Jackson's victory at Front Royal caused Union general Nathaniel Banks to move his forces from Strasburg and retreat to Winchester. With Jackson now on his right flank, Banks was in danger of being cut off from his base at Winchester. President Lincoln felt Jackson's army in the Shenandoah Valley threatened the safety of Washington D.C. He ordered General Irvin McDowell's corps to hold their position at Fredericksburg, Virginia and not join McClellan's Union push towards Richmond.

paragraphs: When Banks arrived at Winchester, he started organizing his defenses. Jackson's army approached from the south while Ewell's army approached from the southeast. On May 25, Jackson's forces made their first attack, but were thrown back. Ewell's division attacked Camp Hill. At the same time Jackson's Louisiana Brigade outflanked, then overran the Union position on Bower's Hill (southwestern part of Winchester). With their flanks broken, the Union troops began a disorganized retreat through the city of Winchester. Even citizens of Winchester fired on the Union soldiers. Banks retreated across the Potomac River back into Maryland. As a result of the battle, Banks lost about 2,000 men and nearly all of his supplies. The total Confederate casualties numbered only about 400. This was the decisive victory for Jackson's Valley Campaign.

paragraphs: Lincoln was now concerned that if Banks could not hold Jackson, his Confederate army might move to attack Washington D.C. On May 24, he had instructed Generals John C. Frémont and Irvin McDowell to send troops to support Banks. This was before Banks was defeated at Winchester. Frémont was ordered to move his forces towards Harrisonburg, Virginia, to the southeast. McDowell was ordered to sent 20,000 of his 40,000 troops to support Banks at Winchester.

paragraphs: On June 8, Frémont’s 11,500-man Union army found Ewell's Confederate division at Cross Keys, Virginia. Ewell had been ordered to block Frémont's movements towards Port Republic, Virginia. The battle started with a two-hour duel between the Union and Confederate artilleries. A Union flanking maneuver from the left was thrown back by Confederate volley fire. The surprise volley caused 258 Union casualties in just under ten minutes. Frémont did not realize he was dealing with a smaller Confederate force. Under the protection of his artillery batteries, Frémont fell back to the Keezletown Road. The following day, while two Confederate brigades held Frémont where he was, the remainder of Ewell's Confederates moved towards Port Republic.

paragraphs: On June 9, 1862, the last of the six battles of Jackson's Valley Campaign was fought at Port Republic, Virginia. Jackson had arrived in the area after dark on June 7. The next day he learned that Frémont's Union forces had been prevented from joining those of General James Shields at Cross Keys. Early in the morning of June 9, Jackson's forces used a makeshift bridge to cross over the South River in Virginia. Union general Erastus B. Tyler placed artillery batteries on a ridge covering the front of the Union position. When Jackson arrived he ordered an assault across the wheat field without taking the time to organize his forces. He had also not made a reconnaissance to find out what Union forces were there and how they were placed. The Stonewall Brigade led the Confederate charge. As they moved forward they came under heavy attack from Tyler's artillery batteries. Jackson sent Richard Taylor's Louisiana brigade on a flank attack against the Union artillery. But the Union gunners saw the flank attack developing and pinned down the Confederates with artillery fire. Jackson knew he had to break through the Union line before Frémont could join Shields. While Jackson was trying to find a way to solve the problem, Ewell's men arrived from Cross Keys. Ewell immediately saw the problem and he attacked the Union left flank. This gave the Stonewall Brigade time to regroup. Confederate artillery batteries opened up on the Union front. This caused the Union line to break and fall back in retreat. This last victory gave Jackson control of the upper and middle Shenandoah Valley.

paragraphs: Jackson's Valley Campaign in the spring of 1862 was a tremendous success. In just 48 days, his approximately 17,000 Confederates had marched up and down the Shenandoah Valley. They engaged and defeated three different Union armies totaling about 52,000 men. Jackson kept them from reinforcing McClellan's army on the Virginia Peninsula. The campaign cost the Union 5,735 casualties at a loss of about 2,441 Confederate casualties. They captured so many supplies from Banks' army that Confederate soldiers began referring to the Union general as "Commissary Banks."


title: Mattel

paragraphs: Mattel is an American multinational toy company. It was founded in 1945.

paragraphs: The company makes products and brands, like American Girl dolls, Barbie dolls, Fisher-Price toys and Hot Wheels toys.

paragraphs: In 2014, it ranked #403 on the Fortune 500 list. It is the largest toy maker in terms of revenue.


paragraphs: The 2016 United States presidential election in Florida was held on 8 November 2016. It was part of the 2016 United States presidential election, in which all other states plus the District of Columbia voted.

paragraphs: On 15 March 2016, the state also voted for who they wanted to be the nominee of their respective parties.

paragraphs: Below is a table with the polling results in Florida. Florida has not voted Republican in the general election since 2008.

paragraphs: The Democratic caucus occurred on 15 March 2016.

paragraphs: The Republican caucus occurred on 1 March 2016.


paragraphs: The 2016 United States presidential election in New Jersey was held on 8 November 2016. It was part of the 2016 United States presidential election, in which all other states plus the District of Columbia voted.

paragraphs: On 7 June 2016, the state also voted for who they wanted to be the nominee of their respective parties.

paragraphs: Below is a table with the polling results in New Jersey. New Jersey has voted Democrat in every general election since 1992.

paragraphs: The Democratic caucus occurred on 7 June 2016.

paragraphs: The Republican caucus occurred on 7 June 2016.


title: 2016 Berlin truck attack

paragraphs: On 19 December 2016 at 20:02 Central European Time, a truck rammed into a crowd of people at a Christmas market in Charlottenburg, Berlin, Germany. This killed 12 people and injured 49 others. The original driver of the truck was found shot dead in the passenger seat.

paragraphs: The incident was a terrorist attack. The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant has claimed responsibility.<ref name="GmbH 2016 / ISIS"></ref> The perpatrator was Anis Amri, a Tunisian asylum seeker. On 23 December 2016, Amri was shot dead by an Italian police officer in Sesto San Giovanni. German police later confirmed that Amri's fingerprints were the same as those in the truck.

paragraphs: The truck that was involved, a Scania semi-trailer truck, was owned by a Polish company named "Usługi Transportowe Ariel Żurawski". The truck was transporting steel beams to Berlin.

paragraphs: The original truck driver, Lukasz Urban, was believed to have been killed by the perpetrator. He was stabbed and shot in the head. On 19 December 2016, at 20:02 local time, the truck drove through a Christmas market. This killed 12 people. The truck drove 50–80 metres (160–260 ft) and destroyed many booths. Some witnesses saw the driver leave the truck and run towards Tiergarten.

paragraphs: Czech Finance Minister Andrej Babiš said "Unfortunately... [Angela Merkel's open-door migration] policy is responsible for this dreadful act. It was she who let migrants enter Germany and the whole of Europe in uncontrolled waves, without papers, therefore without knowing who they really are." Marcus Pretzell, husband of AfD leader Frauke Petry, tweeted: "When will the German state of law strike back? When will this cursed hypocrisy finally stop? These are Merkel's dead! #Nice #Berlin."

paragraphs: Muslims and Chrisitians held a vigil together after the attack.


title: 2016 Irkutsk mass methanol poisoning

paragraphs: In late-December 2016, 58 people died from mass methanol poisoning in Irkutsk, Russia. It was caused by people drinking cheap counterfeit alcohol that was actually supposed to be used as a bath lotion. The counterfeit was called "Boyaryshnik" (Боярышник; Russian for "Hawthorn").

paragraphs: "Boyaryshnik" was much cheaper than vodka, so people bought it instead amid the tough economic conditions. Similar incidents have been on the rise as Russia's economy has suffered from low oil prices and international sanctions from the Russian intervention in Ukraine. Russia's deputy prime minister said before the incident that this type of alcohol made up 20% of all the alcohol drank in the country.

paragraphs: The lotion was mixed with methanol; which is an alcohol that is poisonous. The label on the bottle said that the lotion instead had ethanol. A total of 58 people died from drinking the lotion. The victims were poor and were all between the ages of 35 and 50.

paragraphs: Many people who were involved with making the lotion were arrested. About 500 litres (130 US gal) of lotion was confiscated from the facility where it was made.

paragraphs: Dmitry Medvedev, the Prime Minister of Russia, called for a ban on counterfeit alcohol, stating that "it's an outrage, and we need to put an end to this."


title: 2015 Kyrgyz parliamentary election

paragraphs: The 2015 Kyrgyzstani parliamentary election was held on 4 October 2015.

paragraphs: The 120 seats in the Supreme Council were elected by proportional representation. This means that if a party gets 20% of the vote, for example, they get 20% of the seats. A party had to receive at least 7% of the vote to get seats in the council. No party was allowed to win more than 65 seats.

paragraphs: Many political parties were formed before the election; often made by wealthy Kyrgyz who want to promote their own interests.

paragraphs: A lot of potential candidates were not allowed to run due to criminal convictions. One party leader, a former boxer, was banned after he beat up a rival candidate.

paragraphs: Even though there were some reports of voter fraud, the OSCE said that the elections were "lively and competitive" and "unique in this region." The PACE said that voters had "made their choice freely among a large number of contestants."

paragraphs: The OSCE did note some problems with voter registration, and the Council of Europe had concern over the transparency of some campaigns and financing.


title: Kyrgyzstan Party

paragraphs: The Kyrgyzstan Party is a political party in Kyrgyzstan. It was created in May 2015 by businessman Sharshenbek Abdakerimov. The party is now led by Kanatbek Isaev (a former member of the Respublika Party.)

paragraphs: The party has a lot of support in the south of the country. In the 2015 Parliamentary elections, the Kyrgyzstan Party won 18 seats after getting 12.67% of the votes.


title: Branchiobdellida

paragraphs: Branchiobdellida are an order of leech-like worms that are mostly ectoparasites of crayfish.


title: Patrick H. Grace

paragraphs: Patrick Henry Grace (1832 – February 24, 1896) was a United States Navy sailor. He received the Medal of Honor for actions during the Korean Expedition of 1871. He was a native of Ireland but moved to the United States. His original name was Henry Patrick Grace but he changed it. Grace was cited for "gallant and meritorious service".

paragraphs: Rank and organization: Chief Quartermaster, U.S. Navy. Born: 1835. Ireland. Accredited to: Pennsylvania. G.O. No. 177, December 4, 1915.

paragraphs: On board the U.S.S. "Benicia" during the attack on the Korean forts, 10 and 11 June 1871. Carrying out his duties with coolness, Grace set forth gallant and meritorious conduct throughout this action.


title: Kelly (name)

paragraphs: Kelly is a given name and family name. As a given name, "Kelly" is used mostly for females. However, there are some males with the name.

paragraphs: As a family name, "Kelly" has many origins. The family name started in the 19th century. It was used for a masculine name in the late 19th century. Feminine use began around 1940. By 1957, it surpassed male usage thanks to American actress Grace Kelly.

paragraphs: Kelly, as a girl's name, was at #900 in 1950. It peaked at #10 around 1977. Kelly is still popular as a girl's name, although it has declined.

paragraphs: Famous people named Kelly include Kelly Ayotte, Kelly Carlson and Kelly Clarkson.


title: Joanne Dru

paragraphs: Joan Letitia LaCock (later Joanne Dru; January 31, 1922 – September 10, 1996) was an American television, stage and movie actress. She played Anne Stanton in "All the King's Men" in 1949. She also played Patricia Nash Dean in "The Pride of St. Louis" in 1952.

paragraphs: Dru was born in Logan, West Virginia. She died in Los Angeles, California resulting from respiratory failure and lymphedema. She was 74.


title: All the King's Men (1949 movie)

paragraphs: All the King's Men is a 1949 political drama movie.

paragraphs: Politician Willie Stark goes from a rural county seat to the governor's mansion. He loses a race for county treasurer. Stark teaches himself law. As a lawyer, he continues fighting the local establishment. He eventually rises to become a candidate for governor. He loses the first time. On his second try, he wins.

paragraphs: Along the way, Stark loses his innocence. He becomes dishonest like the politicians against whom he fought. His son becomes paralyzed in a drunk driving accident that kills a female passenger.

paragraphs: Character actor Paul Ford has an uncredited role as the Leader of the Senate Opposition

paragraphs: "All the King's Men" won three Academy Awards: Best Picture, Best Actor and Best Supporting Actress.


title: The Waste Land

paragraphs: "The Waste Land" is a poem by T.S. Eliot. It was first published in 1922. After it had been printed in London in "The Criterion", it was reprinted in New York in "The Dial". Then it was published in the form of a book. The poem is dedicated to Ezra Pound, whom T.S. Eliot regarded as his friend and teacher of poetry. Ezra Pound was the first reader of the poem. He helped Eliot to make it shorter and better.

paragraphs: The poem is divided into five parts. They are: "The Burial of the Dead", "A Game of Chess", "The Fire Sermon", "Death by Water" and "What the Thunder Said". It is composed of 433 lines. The work is written in free verse and blank verse.

paragraphs: The poem is full of quotations from classic works of world literature. Eliot makes allusions to Geoffrey Chaucer, William Shakespeare, Oliver Goldsmith, Ovid, Charles Baudelaire, Gerard de Nerval and Thomas Kyd. He uses different sources of inspiration, including both Christianity and Buddhism. The story is based on the Christian legend of the search for the Holy Grail. The poem ends with the Sanskrit words Datta. Dayadhvam. Damyata. / Shantih shantih shantih.

paragraphs: "The Waste Land" is commonly considered to be one of the most important literary works of the 20th century. It has been translated into many languages. Czesław Miłosz, a Nobel Prize winner, translated it into Polish.


title: Monster High

paragraphs: Monster High is an American fashion doll franchise. It was created by Mattel. They launched the brand in July 2010.

paragraphs: The dolls are based on horror movie characters. The initial characters were created by Garrett Sander and his twin brother Darren. Besides the dolls, "Monster High" includes books, video games, and television specials. "Ever After High" is a spin-off of "Monster High". The Ever After dolls are based on fairy tale characters.


title: Azərpoçt

paragraphs: Azərpoçt is the official national postal operator of Azerbaijan. It provides postal, payment and retail services. Azərpoçt currently operates through 1,500 post offices across Azerbaijan, from urban to the most remote rural regions.


title: 2012 Stanley Cup Finals

paragraphs: The 2012 Stanley Cup Finals was the championship series of the National Hockey League (NHL) .

paragraphs: The Western Conference champion Los Angeles Kings defeated the Eastern Conference champion New Jersey Devils four games to two.

paragraphs: Years in boldface under the "Finals appearance" column mean that the player won the Stanley Cup in the given year.


title: Mevlut Mert Altintas

paragraphs: Mevlut Mert Altintas (June 24, 1994 - December 19, 2016) was a Turkish police officer and terrorist, he worked in the Turkish Security Agency, Ministry of riot police for two and a half years. He shot and killed Russian Ambassador Andrei Karlov in Turkey December 19, 2016 in the Turkish city of Ankara.


title: Arrondissements of the Moselle department

paragraphs: There are 5 arrondissements in the Moselle department. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into "arrondissements", which may be translated into English as districts (in some cases, as boroughs). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.

paragraphs: If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.

paragraphs: Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

paragraphs: Moselle is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790. It was divided in nine districts: Metz, Bitche, Boulay, Briey, Longwy, Morhange, Sarreguemines, Sarrelouis and Thionville, with Metz as is capital.

paragraphs: In 1800, with the creation of the "arrondissements" in France, the nine districts were changed into four "arrondissements": Metz, Briey, Sarreguemines and Thionville.

paragraphs: The Moselle department was eliminated in 1871 when part of the territory became part of Germany; the remaining parts were combined with the Meurthe department to form Meurthe-et-Moselle.

paragraphs: In 1919, a new department of Moselle was formed with nine "arrondissements". In 2015, four "arrondissements" were eliminated and their territories passed to the remaining five "arrondissements": Forbach-Boulay-Moselle, Metz, Sarrebourg-Château-Salins, Sarreguemines and Thionville.


title: Chad Robinson

paragraphs: Chad Robinson (20 October 1980 –  26 November 2016) was an Australian professional rugby league footballer. He played from 2000 until 2009 as a lock and second-row forward. He played for the Parramatta Eels, the Sydney Roosters and the Harlequins RL. He was born in Sydney, New South Wales.

paragraphs: Robin was reported missing on 26 November 2016. He was found dead on 22 December 2016 in Kenthurst, New South Wales. He was 36.


title: Significant figures

paragraphs: The term "significant figures refers to the digits, in a number or measurement, which show the precision of the number. For example, in the number 2300, the count of significant digits is 2. In the number 2040, the significant digits are "204" as a total of 3.


paragraphs: Institut national polytechnique de Toulouse is a renowned graduate engineering school in France. It is in a campus of the Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées (Southern France).

paragraphs: Its different curricula lead to the following French & European degrees :

paragraphs: Academic activities and industrial applied research are performed mainly in French and English languages. Students from a dozen of nationalities participate to the different curricula at INP Toulouse.

paragraphs: Most of the 6300 graduate engineer students at INP Toulouse live in dedicated residential buildings nearby research labs and metro public transports on a campus that is shared with 105,000 students from Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées.

paragraphs: Concerning research activities, INP Toulouse brings together 17 laboratories, nearly 1,000 researchers (teachers-researchers, researchers from major organizations, PhD), grouped together in laboratories associated with CNRS, INRA and other Toulouse universities.


title: Arrondissement of Forbach-Boulay-Moselle

paragraphs: The arrondissement of Forbach-Boulay-Moselle is an arrondissement of France, in the Moselle department, Grand Est region. Its capital is the city of Forbach.

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Forbach-Boulay-Moselle was formed when the former "arrondissements" of Forbach and of Boulay-Moselle were merged on 1 January 2015 to form the new "arrondissement".

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Forbach-Boulay-Moselle is in the north central part of the Moselle department. It is bordered to the north by Germany, to the east by the Sarreguemines "arrondissement", to the south by the Sarrebourg-Château-Salins "arrondissement", to the southwest by the Metz "arrondissement" and to the west by the Thionville "arrondissement".

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Forbach-Boulay-Moselle has an area of . It is the second largest of the 5 "arrondissements" of the department but the third in population (245,222 inhabitants) and a population density of inhabitants/km².

paragraphs: After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements".

paragraphs: There are 8 cantons in the arrondissement of Forbach-Boulay-Moselle; 5 of them are completely in the "arrondissement":

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Forbach-Boulay-Moselle has 169 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː

paragraphs: The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are:


title: Bamburgh Castle

paragraphs: Bamburgh Castle is a castle on the coast at Bamburgh, Northumberland. It is a Grade I listed building. During WW2 the Royal Navy ship HMS "Bamborough Castle" was named after it.

paragraphs: The castle is built on the remains of a fort of native Britons. The fort was destroyed by the Vikings in 993.

paragraphs: The Normans then built a new castle on the site. That forms the centre of today's castle. The castle became the property of the reigning English Monarch. Many think that Henry II ordered the creation of the keep.

paragraphs: During the Wars of the Roses, it became the first castle in England to be defeated by artillery, after a nine-month siege. The Forester family of Northumberland provided the Crown with governors of the castle for 400 years, before the Crown granted ownership to Sir John Forester. When the family became bankrupt, the castle was sold to a series of owners. Eventually it was bought by the Armstrong family, who still own it today. They opened it to the public.

paragraphs: The castle has been used in movies including "Macbeth" (1971) and "Robin of Sherwood" (1984-6). It has also been featured in many books. The late medieval British author Thomas Malory suggested that it was Joyous Gard, the mythical home of Sir Lancelot from tales of King Arthur.


title: Arrondissement of Sarrebourg-Château-Salins

paragraphs: The arrondissement of Sarrebourg-Château-Salins is an arrondissement of France, in the Moselle department, Grand Est region. Its capital is the city of Sarrebourg.

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Sarrebourg-Château-Salins was formed when the former "arrondissements" of Sarrebourg and of Château-Salins were merged on 1 January 2015 to form the new "arrondissement".

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Sarrebourg-Château-Salins is the most southern of the "arrondissements" of the Moselle department. It is bordered to the north by the Forbach-Boulay-Moselle and the Sarreguemines "arrondissements", to the northeast and east by the Bas-Rhin department, to the south by the Meurthe-et-Moselle department and to the west by the Metz "arrondissement".

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Sarrebourg-Château-Salins has an area of . It is the largest of the 5 "arrondissements" of the department but the one with fewest people living in it, with 93,481 inhabitants and a population density of inhabitants/km².

paragraphs: There are only 3 cantons in the arrondissement of Sarrebourg-Château-Salins:

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Sarrebourg-Château-Salins has 230 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː


title: Arrondissement of Sarreguemines

paragraphs: The arrondissement of Sarreguemines is an arrondissement of France, in the Moselle department, Grand Est region. Its capital is the city of Sarreguemines.

paragraphs: When the Moselle department was created on 1800, the arrondissement of Sarreguemines was part of that original department.

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Sarreguemines is in the northeast of the Moselle department. It is bordered to the north by Germany, to the east and south by the Bas-Rhin department, to the southwest by the Sarrebourg-Château-Salins "arrondissement" and to the west by the Forbach-Boulay-Moselle "arrondissement".

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Sarreguemines has an area of , the smallest of the 5 "arrondissements" of the department. The population is 99,772 inhabitants and its population density is inhabitants/km².

paragraphs: There are only 3 cantons in the arrondissement of Sarreguemines:

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Sarreguemines has 83 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː


title: Arrondissement of Thionville

paragraphs: The arrondissement of Thionville is an arrondissement of France, in the Moselle department, Grand Est region. Its capital is the city of Thionville.

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Thionville was formed when the former "arrondissements" of Thionville-Est and of Thionville-Ouest were merged on 1 January 2015 to form the new "arrondissement".

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Thionville is in the northwest of the Moselle department. It is bordered to the northwest by Luxembourg, to the north by Germany, to the east by the Forbach-Boulay-Moselle "arrondissement", to the south by the Metz "arrondissement" and to the west by the Meurthe-et-Moselle department.

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Thionville has an area of , the second smallest of the 5 "arrondissements" of the department but the second in population (264,858 inhabitants) with a population density of inhabitants/km².

paragraphs: After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements".

paragraphs: There are 7 cantons in the "arrondissement" of Thionville:

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Thionville has 105 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː

paragraphs: The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are:


title: Christmas truce

paragraphs: The Christmas truce was the widespread unofficial ceasefires along the Western Front of World War I around Christmas 1914.


title: Kellyanne Conway

paragraphs: Kellyanne Conway (born January 20, 1967) is an American Republican campaign manager and politician. She has appeared on CNN and Fox News. She has been a guest on shows like "Good Morning America" and "Meet the Press".

paragraphs: On August 1, 2016, Conway became the campaign manager for Donald Trump.

paragraphs: Since Trump became president, Conway has had many problems. She said that there were "alternative facts" when talking about a "Bowling Green massacre" that never happened. She said that Michael Flynn had the full confidence of the president hours before he was fired. Members of Congress from both parties asked for an investigation of ethics violations after she publicly endorsed the president's daughter, Ivanka Trump's commercial products. In June 2019, the US Office of Special Counsel said that Conway should be fired for breaking the Hatch Act of 1939.

paragraphs: In October 2020, Conway tested positive for COVID-19.


title: Arrondissement of Metz

paragraphs: The arrondissement of Metz is an arrondissement of France, in the Moselle department, Grand Est region. Its capital, and prefecture of the department, is the city of Metz.

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Metz was formed when the former "arrondissements" of Metz-Campagne and Metz-Ville were merged on 1 January 2015 to form the new "arrondissement".

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Metz is in the west of the Moselle department. It is bordered to the north by the Thionville "arrondissement", to the east by the Forbach-Boulay-Moselle "arrondissement", to the southeast by the Sarrebourg-Château-Salins "arrondissement" and to the south and west by the Meurthe-et-Moselle department.

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Metz has an area of and a population of 341,821 inhabitants with a population density of inhabitants/km².

paragraphs: There are 10 cantons in the arrondissement of Metz:

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Metz has 140 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː


title: Ashwaq Moharram

paragraphs: Ashwaq Moharram (Arabic: أشواق محرّم ) is a doctor from Yemen. BBC named her on their list of 100 most inspirational and influential Women for 2016.

paragraphs: Ashwaq Moharram was born in Yemen. She received a bachelor’s degree in medicine and general surgery from Sana’a University in 1998. In 2004, she received a diploma in reproductive health from Liverpool University in Britain. In 2013, she received a master’s degree from the National University of Malaysia.

paragraphs: After the war started, Ashwaq's husband became sick. He had a heart infection. He needed medicine, but there was no medicine in the hospital. He went to Jordan with their two children.

paragraphs: In 2000 Ashwaq went to work at the General Hospital in Hodeidah. In 2001 she became the head of the department of obstetrics and gynecology. In 2007 she became a lecturer at the Faculty of Health Sciences at Hodeidah University. She is now the Deputy Director General of the Public Health and Population Office of the Directorate of Hodeidah.

paragraphs: Before the war, Ashwaq worked with international organizations to fight hunger. In March 2016, after the war started, the organizations left Yemen. After the international organizations left, she gave food to people at her own expense, using her mobile clinic.

paragraphs: In July 2016, three youths sexually assaulted an 11-year-old girl in the Zahra neighborhood. Ashwaq examined the child and the police arrested the three youths. In October 2016, Ashwaq was arrested by Houthis while giving people food. The local people stood in front of them and forced them to free Ashwaq.


title: Mobile operating system

paragraphs: A mobile operating system (or mobile OS) is an operating system for smartphones, tablets, personal digital assistants (PDAs), or other mobile devices. While computers such as typical laptops are mobile, the operating systems usually used on them are not considered mobile ones, as they were originally designed for desktop computers that historically did not have or need specific "mobile" features.


title: Dunstanburgh Castle

paragraphs: Dunstanburgh Castle is a castle built in the 14th century. It is on the coast of Northumberland between the villages of Craster and Embleton. It is on a huge rock next to the North Sea. The castle is owned by English Heritage. The name Dunstanburgh means 'the fort' (burgh) 'of the town' (dun) 'by the rock' (stan).

paragraphs: The castle was first built in 1313 by Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster. However Roman and Iron Age remains have been found there. It may have been an Iron Age fort. He was an enemy of King Edward II. Thomas only visited the castle once before he was killed. The castle was not used again until the War of the Roses. The Earl of Warwick attacked it twice and it was almost destroyed.

paragraphs: The castle was defended in WW2 because it was a possible target for a German landing. Land mines were laid and a radar station was built near the castle. The beaches were guarded with barbed wire and concrete pillboxes were built nearby. The fort and other facilities were manned by soldiers.

paragraphs: It was not used again and is now in ruins. The area is now a Site of Special Scientific Interest.


title: Oberstdorf

paragraphs: Oberstdorf is a municipality in southwest Germany. It is in the Allgäu Alps. Many people visit to go walking or skiing. It is one of the highest towns in Germany and is the town furthest south in Germany . It is next to Austria.

paragraphs: There are several mountains with good views, like the Nebelhorn and Fellhorn. There are many cable-cars to reach the top of mountains around Oberstdorf. In the centre of Oberstdorf there is a large church, with a tall spire .

paragraphs: It is also home to several ski jumps, which are used for many competitions. They were also used in the 2016 movie "Eddie the Eagle".


title: Saksri Sriaksorn

paragraphs: Saksri Sriaksorn (June 12 1937-2005) was Thai famous singer. She was famous song Name "Phu Yi Li"