title: Ecstasy (drug)

paragraphs: MDMA (3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine), also known as Ecstasy (abbreviated E, X, or XTC), molly (U.S.), or mandy (U.K.), is a psychoactive drug with stimulant and psychedelic effects that is primarily used as a recreational drug. Drugs sold under the street names ecstasy, molly, or mandy are often advertised as pure MDMA, but are often mixed with multiple other drugs. MDMA can cause feelings of euphoria (extreme happiness) and altered sensations. Bad side effects include insomnia, nausea, rapid heartbeat, and addiction. It causes an initial increase in neurotransmitters that is followed by a short-term drop in neurotransmitters, which can lead to severe depression after coming down from the high.

paragraphs: MDMA is illegal in most countries. Possessing, making or selling it could result in criminal prosecution and a possible prison term. Some countries, such as the U.S., have made limited exceptions to these laws for research. There have been some initial studies on whether it can help patients with severe PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) make progress in therapy if they take very low doses of MDMA immediately before appointments (under medical supervision). , MDMA has no accepted medical uses.

paragraphs: MDMA has many effects on the human body and brain. It makes the brain release the chemicals serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine. During MDMA use the body also makes more of the hormones oxytocin and vasopressin.

paragraphs: All these effects together can make MDMA dangerous to use. The change in body temperature and the tendency to dance for hours on end can make users dehydrate if not enough water is drunk during this time (an example of dehydration and hyperthermia). Lots of dancing can also put pressure on the heart. People with existing heart conditions are vulnerable to these negative side effects.

paragraphs: Around 7 people die out of every million that use MDMA. Mostly this is due to overheating and dehydration. However, it is possible to drink too much water, swelling the brain and causing death. Many people have died from this after taking MDMA. Another factor is the hormone vasopressin, which is released during MDMA use. Vasopressin restricts the body's urge to urinate, which helps to get rid of excess liquid in the body before it becomes a problem.

paragraphs: Ecstasy is illegal in most, if not all, countries. In the United States, it is classified as a "Schedule I" drug. Schedule I drugs have no official medical use and are highly addictive. Some scientists believe Ecstasy may be useful in therapy since it has been found to reduce fear in some individuals. Recently, there has been some research on if it can help people with severe PTSD confront painful memories during therapy appointments. It may also have potential to help people diagnosed with cancer manage their anxiety about death.


title: Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale

paragraphs: The Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale is a scale that is used to sort tropical cyclones in the Western Hemisphere. It is only used for storms that are stronger than "tropical storms", and become actual hurricanes. The categories into which the scale separates hurricanes are noted by the strength of their maximum sustained wind speeds. The classifications are used mainly to predict the possible wind damage a hurricane will create when it makes landfall. It does not measure rainfall or storm surge or how wide the storm is.

paragraphs: The scale is also used to classify subtropical cyclones after a change in the rules made by the National Hurricane Center in 2002.

paragraphs: The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale is used only to describe hurricanes that form in the Atlantic Ocean and northern Pacific Ocean, to the east of the International Date Line. Other areas call their tropical storms by other names, and use their own classification scales.

paragraphs: Only 4 Category 5's have made landfall in the U.S. at peak intensity.


title: Eastern Catholic churches

paragraphs: The Eastern Catholic Churches are autocephalous Christian churches. They recognize the Bishop of Rome as their spiritual leader, like other Catholics.They differ on ideas as how a mass should be organised, or which prayers are more important than others.

paragraphs: In total there are 23 such churches, the probably best known are listed below:


title: Sanjaya Malakar

paragraphs: Sanjaya Joseph Malakar (; ; born September 10, 1989) is an American singer. He is best known for being on the sixth season of "American Idol". He was not well liked by the program's judges, mainly Simon Cowell. He was voted off after the top 7 participants.


title: Pangolin

paragraphs: Pangolins (or scaly anteaters) are mammals which live in Africa and Asia. They have scales on their skin. They are the only mammals which have this adaptation.

paragraphs: There are three genera of pangolin, all of which eat ants and termites. They catch their food using their tongues, and they do not eat anything else.

paragraphs: Pangolins have features of armadillos (long, ant eating tongue and broad tail) and sloths (claws), but the pangolin is in a completely different order. The pangolin belongs to the order Pholidota.

paragraphs: Pangolins have is marked by large, hardened, overlapping plate-like scales. The pangolin scales are made of keratin. and are attached to muscles under the skin. and can be moved to point towards predators. Hair grows between the scales and near the rear of the animal.

paragraphs: The pangolin's scaled body is a bit like a pine cone or globe artichoke. It can curl up into a ball when threatened, with its overlapping scales acting like armour while it tucks its face under its tail. The scales are sharp, providing extra defence from predators.

paragraphs: A pangolin's main predators are wild cats, hyenas and humans.

paragraphs: A mother pangolin's gestation period is between 120 and 180 days. Young pangolin are born with scales, and they harden by the second day the pangopup is out of the womb.

paragraphs: When walking on a level surface the pangolin is bipedal. It walks on the back legs. Its body is held horizontal, and is balanced by its heavy tail at the back.

paragraphs: Sometimes pangolins are smuggled into China on the black market. Their scales are used as an ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine.

paragraphs: Pangolins are a critically endangered species and have been hunted and trafficked all across Asia and Africa. They are usually sought after for their scales, meat and medical properties. This creature also has been identified as a host for SARS-CoV-2 and similar viruses.


title: Antananarivo

paragraphs: Antananarivo is the capital city of Madagascar. It is the largest city in the country. The city is the administrative, communications and economic center of Madagascar.

paragraphs: Antananarivo has a population of over 1.4 million people. Including an Anglican cathedral and a Roman Catholic cathedral, there are about fifty churches in the city and its suburbs. There is also a Muslim mosque. Antananarivo is home of the University of Madagascar and the Collège Rural d'Ambatobe.

paragraphs: Antananarivo was founded in about 1625 by King Andrianjaka. The name, Antananarivo, means "the City of the Thousand". It comes from the number of soldiers Andrianjaka used to guard the city.

paragraphs: Until 1869 all buildings in the city were of wood or rushes. Since the introduction of stone and brick, the whole city has been rebuilt. It now has many notable structures. For example, the royal palaces, the Anglican and Roman Catholic cathedrals, several stone and brick churches, colleges, schools, hospitals, courts of justice and other government buildings.

paragraphs: The city was captured by the French in 1895. Since then, good roads have been built in the city.


title: Alex (parrot)

paragraphs: Alex (1976–2007) was an African grey parrot.

paragraphs: He was part of a study under animal psychologist Irene Pepperberg since 1977 at two different universities: Brandeis University in Massachusetts and before that, University of Arizona. He died on Sept 7, 2007, of yet unknown causes. He knew about 100 words as of 2000, and was not ordinary because he appeared to understand what he said. For example, when Alex was shown an object and was asked about its shape, color, or material, he could label it correctly. If he was asked the difference between two things, he would also answer that, but if there was no difference between the things, he would say “none.”

paragraphs: Alex's name is an acronym. ALEX is short for Avian Learning EXperiment.


title: Lobamba

paragraphs: Lobamba is the legislative capital of Eswatini (which used to be called Swaziland). The Parliament of Eswatini and home of the Queen Mother are in this city. It is located in the west of the country, in the district of Hhohho. Its population is about 10,000 people.

paragraphs: Lobamba is famous for two ceremonies. The Reed Dance is in August and September. This celebration is in honour of the Queen Mother. The Incwala Kingship, in December and January, is in honour of the King. These ceremonies include dancing, singing, and celebrations with traditional clothing.

paragraphs: The Embo State Palace, the Royal Kraal, Swazi National Museum, Swazi Parliament and a museum about Sobhuza II of Eswatini are in the town. The Mlilwane Wildlife Sanctuary and Matsapha Airport lie nearby.


title: Bobby Lashley

paragraphs: Franklin Roberto Lashley (born July 16, 1976) is an American professional wrestler, mixed martial artist and former collegiate amateur wrestler. He is better known as Bobby Lashley. He is currently signed to the World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) where he is the Intercontinental Champion. He is also known for his time in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), where he competed under the ring name Lashley.

paragraphs: Lashley was released from the WWE on February 4, 2008. He returned to WWE on April 8, 2018, where he currently appears on Raw. He is also an MMA fighter, where he was considered a top draw for . He has not fought professionally since 2016.

paragraphs: Lashley went to Missouri Valley College. While he was there, he won three national amateur wrestling championships between 1996 and 1998. During 1997 and 1998 he was the NAIA National Wrestling Champion. He wrestled at the weight of 177 pounds (80 kilograms). Lashley later joined the United States Army, where he continued to wrestle.

paragraphs: In November 2003, Lashley started professional wrestling. He began working for World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). WWE sent him to Ohio Valley Wrestling (OVW), where he started his training under Lance Storm. During 2005, Lashley appeared at four live events for both the "RAW" and "SmackDown!" brands. On September 23 2005, Lashley made his televised WWE debut on "SmackDown!"

paragraphs: On November 14, Lashley moved to the ECW brand. Lashley signed a contract for the final spot in a six-man match for the ECW World Championship at December to Dismember. Lashley won the match and became the new ECW World Champion. This made Lashley the first African American to hold the ECW title. Lashley lost the title to Vince McMahon in May of 2007. On June 3, 2007, he defeated McMahon to get the title back.

paragraphs: On the June 19, 2014 episode on "Impact Wrestling", Lashley defeated Eric Young to win his first TNA World Heavyweight Championship.


title: Newry

paragraphs: Newry () is a city in Northern Ireland in the United Kingdom. It is partly in County Armagh and partly in County Down. It is the eighth largest city in Ireland. 27,430 people live in the city. A picture of a local bridge is on some British pound coins.


title: Shizuka Arakawa

paragraphs: Shizuka Arakawa () is a figure skater from Japan. She went to the Olympics in 1998 for the first time at age 16. They were held in Nagano, Japan. She won the gold medal in single skating at the Olympics in 2006. That was the only medal for Japan at the 2006 Olympics. She also won the World Championships in 2004.


title: Ellipsis

paragraphs: An ellipsis is a type of punctuation mark. In writing, it is a row of three points (...). Its name comes from the ancient Greek word "ἔλλειψις" (omission/falling short). Notice that the three dots are not spaced as full points: they are a separate special typographic sign.

paragraphs: Depending on context and place in a sentence, ellipses can indicate an unfinished thought, a leading statement, a slight pause, a mysterious or echoing voice, or a nervous or awkward silence. An ellipsis can be used to trail off into silence—for example: "But I thought he was..."

paragraphs: When text is quoted from a book or a newspaper, it stands for words that have been cut out to save space in a page. For example:

paragraphs: When speaking, it can be referred to as "dot-dot-dot".

paragraphs: In mathematics, different symbols for ellipsis are used to a similar effect. These include the hortizontal ellipsis symbols formula_1 and formula_2, along with vertical ellipsis symbols such as formula_3 and formula_4 .


title: Mamoudzou

paragraphs: Mamoudzou is the capital of the French department of Mayotte. It is off the coast of Africa in the Indian Ocean. Mamoudzou is largest commune (municipality) of Mayotte. It has a population of 45,485.

paragraphs: Mamoudzou is on Grande-Terre (or Mahoré), the main island of Mayotte. The former capital of Mayotte was Dzaoudzi, on the small island of Petite-Terre (or Pamanzi). Mamoudzou was chosen as the capital in 1977.


title: Moroni, Comoros

paragraphs: Moroni (Arabic: موروني) is the capital of the Comoros. It is the largest city in the country. Moroni replaced Dzaoudzi as the capital in 1962. The city has a population of about 60,200 people.

paragraphs: The city is located on the western coast of Grande Comore island. Moroni is served by the "Prince Said Ibrahim International Airport". There is also a harbour which has ship which go between the African mainland and the islands in the Comoros archipelago, as well as Madagascar and other Indian ocean islands.


title: Porto-Novo

paragraphs: Porto-Novo (also known as Hogbonou and Adjacé) is the capital of the West African country of Benin. The city has a population of 223,552 people Porto-Nova is a port on an inlet of the Gulf of Guinea, in the southeastern part of the country. Porto-Novo is Benin's second largest city. The city of Cotonou is larger and more important, culturally and politically. The region around Porto-Novo produces palm oil, cotton and kapok. Petroleum was found off the coast of the city in the 1990s. It has become an important export of the city.

paragraphs: Another place of interest is a Brazilian-style church which is now a mosque. "Stade Municipale" and "Stade Charles de Gaulle", or Charles de Gaulle Stadium, are the largest football stadiums in the city.


title: Praia

paragraphs: Praia is the capital of the island nation of Cape Verde. It lies on Santiago island in the Sotavento archipelago. The city has, in 2010, a population of 127,832. Praia is Cape Verde's largest city. It is also the commercial center of the country. The name Praia means "beach" in Portuguese.

paragraphs: Praia has a port that transports coffee, sugar cane, and tropical fruits. Praia also has a fishing industry. The city is home to one of the nation's two international airports. There are resort beaches nearby.

paragraphs: Some of the interesting things to see in Praia include:

paragraphs: Praia has many schools, churches, beaches, ports, and a university named after Jean Piaget.


title: Coptic Catholic Church

paragraphs: The Coptic Catholic Church is a church in full communion with the Pope in Rome instead of the Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria. The church has about 162,000 members (as of 2007). Most of the members are in Egypt. Coptic Catholics are seen as a schism from the Coptic Orthodox Church. They left that church in order to come into full communion with the Catholic Church. The current Coptic Catholic Patriarch of Alexandria is Archbishop Antonios Naguib.

paragraphs: In 1990, Coptic Catholic sources estimated that there were about 10,000 followers in countries other than Egypt. These followers are under the care of local Latin Rite bishops. There are Coptic Catholic parishes in: Paris, Montréal, New York City, Los Angeles, Sydney, and Melbourne.

paragraphs: In 1741, a Coptic bishop in Jerusalem named Anba Athanasius became a Catholic. Pope Benedict XIV appointed him Vicar Apostolic of the small community (approximately 2,000 people) who also became Catholics. Although Athanasius returned to the Coptic Orthodox Church later, a line of Catholic Vicars Apostolic continued after him.


title: Roberto Luongo

paragraphs: Roberto Luongo (born April 4, 1979) is a Canadian ice hockey goaltender in the National Hockey League (NHL). He currently plays for the Florida Panthers.

paragraphs: Roberto Luongo started playing in the NHL with the Florida Panthers. During the summer of 2006, Luongo was planning to stay in Florida. Instead, the general manager of the Panthers, Mike Keenan, sent him to the Vancouver Canucks, along with Lukas Krajicek, in return for Todd Bertuzzi, Alex Auld, and Bryan Allen. Luongo first said that he was sad because he was leaving so suddenly and Vancouver was very far away.

paragraphs: In the 2007 season, Luongo was in Vancouver. He was voted into the All-Star Game as the starting goaltender. The Canucks went to the playoffs. It was Luongo's first time to reach the playoffs. In one game, against the Dallas Stars, he made around 70 saves, which is very close to breaking records.

paragraphs: On March 4, 2014, a day before the NHL trade deadline, the Canucks traded Luongo along with prospect Steven Anthony to the Florida Panthers for goaltender Jacob Markström and centre Shawn Matthias. Luongo's salary will still be retained by the Canucks.


title: Robert De Niro

paragraphs: Robert Anthony De Niro (born August 17, 1943) is an American actor, voice actor, director and producer. His most well-known movies include "Mean Streets" (1973), "" (1974), "Taxi Driver" (1976), "The Deer Hunter" (1978), "Casino" (1995), "Jackie Brown" (1997), "Meet the Parents" (2000), "Silver Linings Playbook" (2012), "Joker" (2019) and "The Irishman" (2019).

paragraphs: Robert Anthony De Niro was born in Greenwich Village, New York City, the son of Virginia Holton Admiral, a painter and poet, and Robert Henry De Niro, an abstract expressionist painter and sculptor. His father is half Irish and half Italian descent and His mother is of half German, with her other roots of English, French and Dutch descent.

paragraphs: De Niro was first married to Diahnne Abbott. They have a son, Raphael, a former actor who works in New York real estate. De Niro also adopted Abbott's daughter from a previous relationship, Drena.

paragraphs: De Niro has twin sons, Julian Henry and Aaron Kendrik. They were delivered by a surrogate mother in 1995. His partner was a long-term live-in relationship with former model Toukie Smith.

paragraphs: In 1997, De Niro married actress Grace Hightower. Their son Elliot was born in 1998. The couple split in 1999. The divorce was never finalized and in 2004 they renewed their vows. In December 2011, they had a daughter, Helen Grace. She was born through a surrogate.

paragraphs: In addition to his six children De Niro has three grandchildren.

paragraphs: In 2003, it was said that De Niro had prostate cancer. He went on to make a full recovery.


title: Internet Archive

paragraphs: The Internet Archive (IA) is a non-profit organization based in San Francisco, California that has an on-line library and archive of Web and multimedia resources. The Internet Archive was founded by Brewster Kahle in 1996.

paragraphs: This archive includes "snapshots of the World Wide Web" (archived copies of pages, taken at various points in time), software, movies, books, and audio recordings. To make the books available on the Internet, they are first placed into special scanning machines by volunteers and employees of the library. These machines take very high quality pictures of the books' pages, and then images and text of the books are freely available on the Website. This process is called "digitization". The old collections of films and sound are digitized in this way too before being made available online. All of the original books, movies, records and so on are stored in a giant warehouse in California, just like normal libraries store their smaller collections of books or other records. This collection is called the Open Library and aims to create ""one web page for every book ever published."" It was created by computer programmer and activist, Aaron Swartz.

paragraphs: The Archive also purchases new electronic books and loans them out to readers just like any other normal library. These electronic books can be read by viewing the Website, on the reader's own computer or electronic reading device, and even in special reading areas inside the Archive where the tables have touchscreens and computers built into them.

paragraphs: To ensure the stability and endurance of the archive, The Internet Archive is mirrored at Bibliotheca Alexandrina in Egypt, the only library in the world with a mirror. The Internet Archive makes the collections available at no cost to researchers, historians, and scholars. The Internet Archive is a member of the American Library Association and is officially recognized by the State of California as a library.


title: Archive

paragraphs: An archive is a collection of records. The term is also used for the location in which these records are kept. Archives are made up of records which have been created during the course of an individual or organization's life. In general, an archive consists of records which have been selected for permanent or long-term preservation. Records, which may be in any media, are normally unpublished, unlike books and other publications. Archives may also be generated by large organisations such as corporations and governments. Archives are different from libraries in that archives hold records which are unique. Archives can be described as holding information "by-products" of activities, while libraries hold specifically authored information "products". The word 'archives' is the correct terminology, whereas 'archive' as a noun or a verb is related to computer science.

paragraphs: A person who works in archives is called an archivist. The study and practice of organizing, preserving, and providing access to information and materials in archives is called archival science.


title: Confirmation (Christianity)

paragraphs: In Christianity, babies might be baptised when they were young. When that baby grows to an adult, confirmation is used to make sure that the adult agrees with the promise to be a Christian, made when they were baptised. Usually in an Anglican church, people can only take their first Holy Communion if they do the confirmation before.


title: My-Otome

paragraphs: My-Otome (舞-乙HiME, Mai-Otome) is an anime made by the Sunrise Inc.. This is similar to "My-HiME", as "My-Otome" has the same characters, but even they have different personalities.

paragraphs: In the future, people live in planet Earl. Machines called nanomachines still keep the technology from the past. Nanomachines are used to give power to Otomes (Girls), who train in a school called Garderobe academy. The Garderobe academy train Otomes to become Meister Otomes (Dancing Star Girls), who protect their Masters - usually royal people of different kingdoms in Earl.

paragraphs: A woman called Rena Searrs is an Otome, who had lost her powers because of having a baby. She fights to protect her Master, a king from Windbloom, and hangs her necklace to the daughter of the king, floating her away in a casket at a river.

paragraphs: 14 years later, Arika Yumemiya goes to Garderobe to become an Otome like her mother, who she does not know very much about. She enters the school and when she finds many things which disturb her from being an Otome because of her past, she tries to bear it with her cheerfulness. This story is about how Arika will begin to understand the meaning of being an Otome and how she will save the world from the legendary Harmonium's power.

paragraphs: This is the list of My-Otome's fictional words or phrases.

paragraphs: Otomes (Girls) are powerful girls of Earl, a future planet. Otomes are given money for 100 soldiers, because they are as strong as 100 soldiers put together. They train in a school called Garderobe, and when they graduate, they become Meisters (Dancing Star Girls). Otomes can only materialise when their master kisses their earring.

paragraphs: Otomes can also become one of the Five Pillars, who do not need masters to materialise.

paragraphs: When a royal person makes a contract with an otome, he or she becomes the master of the otome. Otomes can only materialise if the Master kisses them. The Master has to share a life with his or her otome, so when the otome dies, the Master dies, and when the Master dies, the otome dies.

paragraphs: The Five Pillars are the five otomes who use the Shinsou, so they do not need a master.

paragraphs: The Shinsou is a source who makes the Five Pillars materialise. There is only one Shinsou.

paragraphs: A Nanomachine is a machine from the past which puts a Robe inside the otomes' bodies, so that the Robe shows when they materialise. An earring connects to the Nanomachines. But the Nanomachine has a weakness to males semen. This means that if an otome has sex with a male she will not be able to materialise any more, and will stop becoming otomes, because she lost her power.

paragraphs: When a Master kisses an otome's earring, the otome can materialise because the Nanomachine absorbs the heat from the Master's lips, absorbing the Master's power. This is why a Master must share a life with the otome.

paragraphs: Nano means small, so Nanomachine means a machine which puts things into the body's small cells.

paragraphs: A gem is a jewel which the Master and otome can use to make a contract with each other. There are two same gems: one for the Master on his or her ring and one for the otome, for her earring. From then on, the earring on the otomes are kissed by their Masters to materialise. Stronger Otome's can also kiss there gem to give them permission to Materialise.

paragraphs: "Material" means an object, and "materialise" means that a hidden object has shown itself. In My-Otome, materialising is when the Robe (Combat Suit) inside the Otomes are released, so that they can fight.

paragraphs: A Slave Monster is an evil robot which is controlled by a Slave Master.

paragraphs: Like a Master, a Slave Master shares a life with its protector. Instead of otomes, they have a Slave Monster and they do not need a contract to materialise them, as Slave Monsters do not materialise. The Slave Master has to call the Slave Monster by using the Slave Crystal and give a pledge to the God of Wisdom, that they believe in his wisdom, and to call out a loyal slave for them. A Slave Master must always listen to the Slave leader, who is John Smith in My-Otome.

paragraphs: A Slave Crystal is a diamond-shaped crystal. To call out a Slave Monster, a Slave Master must put blood into the crystal by pushing his or her thumb to the crystal and pledging.

paragraphs: A harmonium is a musical instrument which opens up only for a protector, creator or a sword. Inside is a piano which can only be played when all the three conditions stepped onto its staircase. The piano makes the players have anything they desire or want to have.


title: Difference

paragraphs: Difference can mean more than one thing.


title: Osprey

paragraphs: An osprey is a type of fish-eating bird. They are also known as 'fish hawk', 'sea hawk', and 'fish eagle'. It is a large bird measuring up to 60 cm (24 in) long from beak to tail. It has dark brown wings.

paragraphs: The osprey weighs 1.4–2 kg (3.0–4.4 lb) and is 52–60 cm (20–24 in) long with a 150–180 cm (5–6 ft) wingspan (the distance between the right wingtip and left wingtip when they are spread out). The back of the bird is brown and the belly is white. The head is white with a dark stripe across the eyes. The eyes are golden to brown and the beak (the mouth of a bird) is black. The legs and feet are white with black talons (nails of a bird).

paragraphs: The osprey has a short tail and long, narrow wings. Males and females look similar, but males are often paler. In flight, the osprey raises its wings in an arch shape, making it look like a gull.

paragraphs: Scotland is typical osprey habitat with lots of trees and lakes (called 'lochs'). Because of egg thieves and hunting, only two pairs of ospreys were left there in 1967. The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds began to protect the nests. Ospreys have returned every year to the protected nest at Loch Garten. More than 1.5 million people have been to see them.

paragraphs: The number of ospreys in Scotland has increased a lot, but the population has been slow to spread. This is because ospreys often return to breed near to the place where they hatched. This has been shown in studies in the USA and Sweden.


title: Thought

paragraphs: Thought is the operation of the brain in conscious activity. It may or may not be goal-directed, aimed at solving specific problems. It is not the only way brains operate. Behaviour may occur as a result of instinct, and the adaptive unconscious may solve problems without a person being aware.

paragraphs: Other animals can use their brains to solve problems, but there is no way of telling whether they do so consciously. Thought is investigated by four or five academic disciplines, each in its own way. The disciplines include psychology, philosophy, biology, physiology, psychoanalysis and sociology.

paragraphs: Philosophy of mind is a branch of philosophy that studies the nature of the mind, mental events, functions, properties, and consciousness. The mind-body problem, i.e. the relationship of the mind to the body, especially the brain, is a central issue in philosophy of mind.

paragraphs: The mind-body problem has to do with the explanation of the relationship that exists between minds, or mental processes, and bodily states or processes. The main aim of philosophers working in this area is to determine the nature of the mind and mental states/processes, and how—or even if—minds are affected by and can affect the body.

paragraphs: Our perceptual experiences depend on stimuli which arrive at our various sensory organs from the external world and these stimuli cause changes in our mental states, ultimately causing us to feel a sensation, which may be pleasant or unpleasant. Someone's desire for a hat, for example, will tend to cause that person to move his or her body in a specific manner and in a specific direction to obtain what he or she wants. The question, then, is how it can be possible for conscious experiences to arise out of a lump of gray matter endowed with nothing but electrochemical properties. A related problem is to explain how someone's beliefs and desires can cause that individual's neurons to fire and his muscles to contract in exactly the correct manner. These comprise some of the puzzles that have confronted epistemologists and philosophers of mind from at least the time of René Descartes.


title: Dauria (movie)

paragraphs: Dauria is a Russian 1971 historical action/drama directed by Viktor Tregubovich. Adapted from the novel of the same name by Konstantin Sedykh.

paragraphs: Epic scope and intense battle scenes won wide praise in Russia.

paragraphs: Russian Cossacks in Siberia. Cossacks live in their village like one big family. Young Cossack Roman Ulybin is in love with a beautiful girl. Roman cannot marry the beauty, because his father has no money.

paragraphs: After the Communist revolution in Russia, people suffer more. Traditional life ends in chaos and crime. Communism makes no happy end.


title: Petr Shelokhonov

paragraphs: Petr (Peter) Shelokhonov (August 15, 1929 in Belarus - September 15 1999, St. Petersburg, Russia) was a Russian film and stage actor and director. He played over 90 roles in movies and on television. He also played over 100 roles on stage. Petr Shelokhonov received the title of Honorable Actor of Russia in 1979.

paragraphs: Petr Shelokhonov was of Ukrainian, Lithuanian, Belarusian and Polish ancestry. He survived Nazi occupation during World War II. In the war, Petr Shelokhonov was wounded by gunshot in his face, but the scar in the face did not stop him from becoming an actor.

paragraphs: Petr Shelokhonov joined the partisans resistance. He made his own puppet theater in 1943 and performed parodied of Hitler. In 1945, he became a piano student at the Kiev Conservatory of Music. In the 1950s, he moved to the Siberian city of Irkutsk. There, he graduated from Irkutsk Drama School. Then he worked in Moscow and St. Petersburg, Russia, and also in Odesa and Kyiv, Ukraine.

paragraphs: Petr Shelokhonov was a member of five theatre companies in Russia. He also played roles in international productions on stage, in movies and on television. His acting career lasted over 50 years and he played various characters ranging from Shakespearean prince Hamlet to Soviet dictator Lenin.

paragraphs: In 1989 - 1992, he played the leading role (Sam) in "Photo Finish", written and directed by Peter Ustinov. In 1993-4, he starred as Victor Velasco in Neil Simon's play "Barefoot in the Park". In 1997, Petr Shelokhonov played a supporting role in Leo Tolstoy's "Anna Karenina", starring Sophie Marceau and Sean Bean.

paragraphs: Petr Shelokhonov died on 15 September 1999 from cardiac arrest in St. Petersburg, aged 70.


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title: Conakry

paragraphs: Conakry or Konakry is the capital and largest city of Guinea. The city is a port on the Atlantic Ocean. The population of Conakry is about 2 million people.

paragraphs: Conakry was first settled on Tombo Island. It later spread to the Kaloum Peninsula. The city was founded after Britain gave the island to France in 1887. It became the capital of French Guinea in about 1904.

paragraphs: Conakry is Guinea's largest city and its administrative, communications, and economic center. The main part of the city's economy deals with the port. The port has up to date facilities for handling and storing cargo. It is used for transporting alumina and bananas. Items created in Conakry include food products and materials used for building houses.

paragraphs: Things to see in the city include the Guinea National Museum, several markets, the Guinea Palais du Peuple (the People's Palace), Conakry Grand Mosque and the nearby Iles de Los.

paragraphs: The city is noted for its botanical garden. The Polytechnical Institute of Conakry is also located in Conakry.


title: Cotonou

paragraphs: Cotonou is the economy capital of Benin. It is the largest city in that country. The city officially has 761,137 people, but it is thought that the actual number of people living in the city may be as high as 1.2 million. Many of the government and diplomatic services of Benin are in Cotonou. Because of this, the city is Benin's de facto capital, even though the official capital is Porto-Novo.

paragraphs: The city is best known as a major port because of the Autonomous Port of Cotonou. It is also home to an airport and a railway between it and Parakou. Other features of Cotonou include Cotonou Friendship Stadium, Cotonou Cathedral, Cotonou Central Mosque and the 20-hectare Dantokpa Market. The National University of Benin is in Cotonou.

paragraphs: The name 'Cotonou' means 'the mouth of the river of death' in the Fon language. At the beginning of the 19th century, Cotonou (then spelled Kotonou) was a small fishing village. The village was a part of the Kingdom of Dahomey. In 1851, the French made a treaty with the Dahomean King Ghezo. It let them build a place to trade at Cotonou. During the reign of Glele (1858-89), who ruled after Ghezo, the area was given to France by a treaty signed on May 19, 1868. In 1883, the French navy was at the city to stop the British from taking over the area. After Glele's death in 1889, his son Behanzin tried to challenge the treaty but he failed.


title: Dodoma

paragraphs: Dodoma is the capital city of Tanzania. It is the third biggest city in the country. The city is also the capital of the Dodoma region. The city has a population of 410,956 people. The name Dodoma means "It has sunk".

paragraphs: During German colonial rule in East Africa, the town of Dodoma was founded at the same time as the creation of the Tanzanian central railway. The British took over the city after World War I. Dodoma became an administrative center for the region until the independence of Tanzania in 1964. In 1973, plans were made to move the capital from Dar es Salaam to Dodoma. Tanzania's National Assembly moved there the next year. Many government offices are still in Dar es Salaam.


title: N'Djamena

paragraphs: N'Djamena is the capital of Chad. It is the largest city in the country. The city is a port on the Chari River. N'Djamena is also a special statute region. It is a regional market for livestock, salt, dates, and grains. Meat processing is the main industry. N'Djamena has a population of 721,000 people.

paragraphs: Attractions in the city include the Chad National Museum, a cathedral and several mosques. Religiously the city is very mixed, although many of the people there are Islamic . N'Djamena has a university, schools of administration and veterinary medicine, and the American International School of N'Djamena. N'Djamena International Airport is located just outside the city.

paragraphs: N'Djamena was founded as Fort-Lamy by the French commander Émile Gentil on May 29 1900. It was named after Amédée-François Lamy. He was an army officer who had been killed in the Battle of Kousséri a few days earlier. The name was changed to N'Djamena (taken from the Arab name "Niǧāmīnā", meaning ""place of rest"") by the President François Tombalbaye on April 6, 1973. It was changed to make it more African.

paragraphs: The city was badly damaged during the Chadian Civil War, in 1979 and again in 1980. On April 13, 2006, the United Front for Democratic Change attacked the city but the attack failed.


title: Development

paragraphs: Development has meaning in several contexts:


title: San Jose Sharks

paragraphs: The San Jose Sharks are an ice hockey team that plays in the National Hockey League (NHL). The team is based in San Jose, California and was founded on May 9th, 1990. It started playing in the NHL in autumn 1991. The team colours are pacific teal, grey, burnt orange and black. Because of this it is often called ""Team Teal"".

paragraphs: The Sharks host their games at SAP Center at San Jose and are coached by Peter DeBoer. Before that, Todd McLellan was their coach from 2008-2015. Some famous players for the Sharks are Joe Pavelski, Joe Thornton, Jonathan Cheechoo, Rob Blake, Evgeni Nabokov, Dan Boyle and Patrick Marleau.

paragraphs: On May 25, 2016, the San Jose Sharks went to their first Stanley Cup by beating the St. Louis Blues 5-2 in 6 games but however, on June 12, 2016, they lost to the Pittsburgh Penguins which was also in 6 games.


title: Bujumbura

paragraphs: Bujumbura is the former capital city of Burundi. The city is at the northeastern corner of Lake Tanganyika. It is the largest city in the country. The city is the administrative, communications, and economic center of Burundi. Bujumbura has a population of about 324,000 people. The city makes textiles, soap and other things. Bujumbura is Burundi's main port. It transports most of the country's main export, coffee, as well as cotton, animal skins, and tin ore.

paragraphs: The city center is a colonial town. It has a large market, the national stadium, a large mosque, and a cathedral. Museums in the city include the Burundi Museum of Life and the Burundi Geological Museum. Other things to see include the Rusizi National Park.

paragraphs: Ferries sail from Bujumbura to Kigoma in Tanzania. The city is also home to the Bujumbura International Airport and the University of Bujumbura.

paragraphs: Bujumbura grew from a small village after it became a military post in German East Africa in 1889 . After World War I, it was made the administrative center of the Belgian controlled Ruanda-Urundi. The city's name was changed from Usumbura to Bujumbura when Burundi became independent in 1962 . Since independence, Bujumbura has been the scene of much fighting between the country's two main ethnic groups, with Hutu militias fighting against the Burundi army which has many Tutsi people in it.


title: Stem (music)

paragraphs: Stems can refer to two things in music, relating to music notation and production.

paragraphs: Stems are the lines which extend from the notehead. Stems may point up or down. Different-facing stems indicate the voice for polyphonic music written on the same staff. For single-note melodies, the stems usually point down for notes on the middle line or higher, and up for those below. If the stem points up from a notehead, the stem starts at the right-hand side of the note, but if it points down, it starts from the left. The exception to this rule is when a chord contains a second, in which case the stem runs between the two notes, the higher being placed on the left of the stem and the lower on the right. The length of a stem is usually that of an octave on the staff, going to either an octave higher or lower than the notehead, depending on which way the stem is pointing.

paragraphs: Stems are the individual parts of a mix, separately saved (usually to disc) for the purposes of use in a remix.


title: Hope

paragraphs: Hope is a confidence in something wanted. It can also mean:

paragraphs: Famous people with Hope as a first name:


title: Corn flakes

paragraphs: Corn flakes are a breakfast cereal, normally served with milk. It is made by combining cooked corn along with sugar, vitamins and minerals. The dough is rolled and toasted to make the flakes. Corn flakes are marketed as popular breakfast meal.


title: Frosted Flakes

paragraphs: Frosted Flakes (North American countries) or Frosties (UK, Commonwealth of Nations and EU countries) is a cereal like Corn Flakes from Kellogg's, but coated with frosted sugar. Tony the Tiger has been the mascot in Frosted Flakes since it was first introduced in 1952 as Sugar Frosted Flakes (the word "sugar" was dropped in the mid-1970s), and he is known for saying the cereal's slogan: ""They're grrreat!"". Tony the Tiger was originally voiced by Thurl Ravenscroft, who continued providing his voice until his death in 2005. The character is currently voiced by former professional wrestling play-by-play announcer Lee Marshall, starting in January of 2006. Frosted Flakes are also available with apple pieces, banana pieces or coated in chocolate. In 2004, Kellogg's introduced a 1/3 Less Sugar recipe.

paragraphs: This cereal has had a lot of taglines, but the classic, "They're grrreat!" has always been used along with the others.


title: Aqua Teen Hunger Force

paragraphs: Aqua Teen Hunger Force is an American animated comedy television series that is shown on the Cartoon Network's Adult Swim. The series is about three talking food items and their next door neighbor who live in New Jersey. In each 11 minute episode, the Aqua Teens often become part of some very unusual story that often involves one or more characters who often come on the show. The humor of the show is very unusual and some people do not understand it.

paragraphs: Dave Willis is the only cast member to appear in every episode.Dana Snyder and Carey Means have been absent for one episode.C. Martin Croker is only a main cast member on the show's first two seasons. His only other appearance was on a season 7 episode.

paragraphs: In 2007 an 85-minute movie was released which is called "Aqua Teen Hunger Force Colon Movie Film for Theaters". The movie is about the characters trying to put an exercise machine together. The movie has special appearances by Neil Peart of the band Rush, Chris Kattan, Fred Armisen, Tina Fey, and Mastadon. The movie also shows the fourth Aqua Teen, a chicken nuggett named Chicken Bittle, voiced by Bruce Campbell. The movie lost money because some light-up advertising devices caused a bomb scare in Boston.


title: Cowley, Wyoming

paragraphs: Cowley is a town in the American state of Wyoming. It is in Big Horn County in northern Wyoming. The mayor of Cowley is Roland Simmons.

paragraphs: The town of Cowley was settled by a group of Mormon followers in Wyoming's Big Horn Basin. The town was named for Matthias F. Cowley, one of the Apostles of the Mormon church at the time. The first group of Mormons got to the area May 2, 1900. When they got there, they started building the Sidon Canal to bring water to the town from the Shoshone River. The Canal was over 30 miles long. They finished building it in 1904.

paragraphs: By the end of 1900 there were about 18 log houses built in the area. The first school was opened in a log house in January 1901. There were about 24-30 students.

paragraphs: On September 26, 1910, the Big Horn Academy was opened in Cowley. It was the area's first High School. The first class to be graduated from the Big Horn Academy was the class of 1912. It had 13 students.

paragraphs: A new stone building was made for the Big Horn Academy in 1916. In 1925 the name was changed to the Cowley High School. The mascot of the school was the Jaguars. The Cowley High School remained in the Big Horn Academy building until 1983, when the last class was graduated from Cowley High School. There were only six students in the class of 1983. Because of the small number of students, the school in Cowley was closed. Beginning in 1984, the town's students began attending the consolidated Rocky Mountain High School in Byron, Wyoming.


title: Big Horn County, Wyoming

paragraphs: Big Horn County is a county in Northern Wyoming. The county seat is Basin. The largest city is Lovell.


title: Byron, Wyoming

paragraphs: Byron is a town in the American state of Wyoming. It part of Big Horn County. At the 2010 census, 593 people lived in Byron.

paragraphs: In high school, students go to Rocky Mountain High School in Byron. Middle School students go to Rocky Mountain Middle School in Deaver and elementary school students attend Rocky Mountain Elementary School in Cowley.

paragraphs: The town has an area of 0.9 mi². 0.1 mi² of it (5.62%) is water.


title: Fort Bragg, California

paragraphs: Fort Bragg is a town in California's Mendocino County. The population was 7,026 at the 2000 census. Fort Bragg is located on the Pacific Coast Highway, California Rte-1. A US Army officer named it for one of his old commanding officers, Braxton Bragg (1817–1876) who was a career U.S. Army officer. He was later a general in the Confederate States Army. Because of this, the town shares a name with Fort Bragg, North Carolina, and they are named for the same man.


title: Mendocino County, California

paragraphs: Mendocino County is a county in Northern California. The county seat is in Ukiah. In 2000,


title: Brigham Young University

paragraphs: Brigham Young University (BYU) is an American university. It is named after the second Latter-day Saints prophet, Brigham Young. The school is in Provo, Utah. Their team colors are royal blue and white. Their mascot is the cougar. Their rivals are University of Utah.

paragraphs: Brigham Young University (BYU) is often called “The Y” and is a private research university. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) owns and runs the school. It is the biggest church school and third biggest private university in the United States with 33,365 students. About 99 percent of the students are part of the LDS Church, and one-third of them are from Utah. BYU students have to live an honor code, a set of rules on behavior. They must be honest in their work, follow dress rules, have no sex outside of marriage, and not take illegal drugs or drink alcohol. Lots of students (88 percent of men, 39 percent of women) start school late or take a break from school to be Mormon missionaries. It is cheaper to study at BYU than at other private universities because most of the cost of attending BYU is paid for by the LDS church.

paragraphs: BYU has many topics to study. This includes liberal arts, engineering, agriculture, management, physical science and mathematical sciences, nursing, and law. The university is grouped into 11 smaller parts that create their own rules on how to be allowed to study a topic. The university also has two satellite campuses(a small part of the campus that is far away from the rest of the campus), one in Jerusalem and one in Salt Lake City. The main university is run by the Church Educational System (CES), and also runs two other schools in Hawaii and Idaho. The main focus of the school is on undergraduate education, but it also has 68 masters and 25 doctoral degree programs.

paragraphs: BYU’s sports teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are known as the BYU Cougars. Their football teem is a NCAA Division I independent. BYU's other sports teams play in the West Coast Conference or the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation. BYU’s sports teams have won fourteen national championships.

paragraphs: Brigham Young University's origin began in 1862. Warren Dusenberry started a school in Provo, Utah. On October 16, 1875, Brigham Young personally bought the Lewis building after saying a school would be built in Draper, Utah, in 1867. October 16, 1875, is commonly said to be the beginning of BYU. Young said that he hoped to see an Academy in Provo where the children of the Latter-day Saints could receive a good education without the negative influences found in many of the higher schools of the country.

paragraphs: The school left the University of Deseret and became Brigham Young Academy. Classes started on January 3, 1876. Warren Dusenberry was principal of the school for several months. In April 1876, German immigrant Karl G. Maeser became the principal. While he was principal, the school educated many important people like future U.S. Supreme Court Justice George Sutherland and future U.S. Senator Reed Smoot. The school did not become a university until the end of Benjamin Cluff's term as principal. At that time, the school was still privately paid for by the community. On July 18, 1896, the LDS church became the official sponsor of the school.

paragraphs: In 1903 Brigham Young Academy became two schools: Brigham Young High School, and Brigham Young University. The Brigham Young High School class of 1907 was responsible for the famous giant "Y" that is still on a mountain near campus. George H. Brimhall became the new President of BYU. He had not received a high school education until he was forty. He was an excellent speaker and was very organized. While he was the president, the university bought a big piece of land from Provo called "Temple Hill." Construction began in 1909 on the first building on the current campus, the Karl G. Maeser Memorial. Brimhall was the president at the university during a brief crisis about the theory of evolution. At the time, the religious nature of the school seemed to make this scientific theory difficult to explain. Joseph F. Smith, LDS church president, settled the question for a time by asking that evolution not be taught at the school. A few people thought that the school was just a religious school. However, many of the students that graduated during that time went on to great success.

paragraphs: Franklin S. Harris became the university's president in 1921. He was the first BYU president to have a doctoral degree. Harris made several important changes to the school, making it into a true university. At the beginning of his tenure, the school was not an official university. By the end of his term, the school was official to all major organizations. The next president was Howard S. McDonald, who received his doctorate from the University of California. When he first received the position, the Second World War had just ended, and lots of students were coming to BYU. By the end of his stay, the school had grown to 5,440 students. The university did not have the space to handle so many students, so he bought part of an Air Force Base in Ogden, Utah and fixed it to house some of the students. The next president, Ernest L. Wilkinson, also helped the university grow, as the school adopted a faster program to build. Wilkinson was responsible for the building of over eighty structures on the campus, many of which still stand. During his tenure, the student body increased six-fold, making BYU the biggest private school at the time. The quality of the students also increased, leading to higher educational rules at the school. Finally, Wilkinson organized the LDS Church units on campus, with ten large groups and over 100 smaller groups being added during his administration.

paragraphs: Dallin H. Oaks was president after Wilkinson starting in 1971. Oaks worked to make BYU bigger like Wilkinson, and added a law school and made plans for a new School of Management. During his time as president, a new library was also added, and doubled the library space on campus. Jeffrey R. Holland was the next president in 1980. He helped inspire educational excellence and religious faith at the school. He believed that one of the school’s greatest strengths was its church focus and that this should be used to help them be better rather than be hidden. While president, the university added a campus in Jerusalem, now called the BYU Jerusalem Center. In 1989, Rex E Lee was named president. Lee added the Benson Science Building and the Museum of Art to the campus. Lee was a cancer victim. During the yearly cancer fundraiser, BYU remembers him with the Rex Lee Run. Merrill J. Bateman became president in 1995 shortly before Lee’s death.


title: Provo, Utah

paragraphs: Provo is an American city in the state of Utah. It is in Utah County and is east of Utah Lake. It lies to the west of high mountain peaks in the Wasatch Range. It is home to Brigham Young University. The city is the third largest city in the state. It has a population of 105,166 people.


title: Lil' Kim

paragraphs: Kimberly Denise Jones, better known as Lil' Kim, (born July 11, 1974 in Brooklyn, New York) is an African-American rap artist and actress. She released her first album, "Hard Core", in 1996. It was very successful. In 2001 she released a single with Christina Aguilera, Mýa, and Pink called "Lady Marmalade" for the "Moulin Rouge!" soundtrack which reached number 1 on the US" Billboard" Hot 100, making her the first female rapper to have a number 1 on that chart. It also reached number 1 in 13 other countries and won two MTV Video Music Awards and a Grammy Award for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals. Kim also rapped on Aguilera's 2003 single "Can't Hold Us Down", which was nominated for the 2004 Grammy Award for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals.

paragraphs: In 1999 Kim started her own record label, Queen Bee Entertainment. In 2010 the name changed to International Rock Star Records. In 2012 Kim signed Tiffany Foxx to the label. In 1994 Kim was a member of rap group Junior M.A.F.I.A.. They released one album, "Conspiracy". Kim left the group in late 2001.

paragraphs: In 2003 Kim released a single called "Magic Stick". 50 Cent raps in it. It reached No.2 in the Hot 100. It was also nominated for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group at the Grammy Awards. In 2012 she did a tour of the United States, Return of the Queen Tour.

paragraphs: Kim released her first solo single in four years, "Looks Like Money" in 2013. On November 29 (Black Friday), 2013 Kim is going to release a mixtape, "Hard Core 2K13". She released the first song from it, "Dead Gal Walking" Halloween 2013.

paragraphs: Kim has been in a fight with Nicki Minaj since "Pink Friday".


title: Lovell, Wyoming

paragraphs: Lovell is a town in the American state of Wyoming. It is located in Big Horn County.

paragraphs: Lovell is the biggest town in the county. It is near the Shoshone river. It has an area of 1.1 mi². All of this area is land. At the 2010 census, it had 2,360 people living in it.


title: Basin, Wyoming

paragraphs: Basing is a town in the American state of Wyoming. It is the county seat of Big Horn County. It had 1,285 people living in it at the 2010 census.

paragraphs: Basin is near the Big Horn river. The town has an area of 2.0 mi². 0.04 mi² of it (1.47%) is water.


title: Lehi

paragraphs: Lehi is the first prophet listed in the Book of Mormon. He is the father of Nephi, Sam, Laman, Lemuel, Jacob, and Joseph. According to the Book of Mormon, Lehi was praying and was told in a dream to go to the wilderness with his family. They also believe that Judaism was the first real religion, but God left them, got into a human form and took on a different nation.


title: Otto, Wyoming

paragraphs: Otto is an unincorporated community in Big Horn County in the U.S. state of Wyoming. It was named for Otto Franc, a local cattle baron who ranched in the Big Horn Basin.


title: Saint-Denis, Réunion

paragraphs: Saint-Denis is the administrative capital ("préfecture") of the French controlled island of Réunion, in the Indian Ocean. The city is the largest town on the island. In 2004, it had a population of about 133,700 people.

paragraphs: Saint-Denis was founded by Étienne Régnault in 1669. The city became the capital of Réunion island in 1738.

paragraphs: The closest airport is Roland Garros Airport which is also the main international airport of Réunion. The Réunion Tram Train is expected to start being built in 2008. It stretches from the city to the airport and to Réunion's second city Saint-Paul.


title: Chen Shui-bian

paragraphs: Chen Shui-bian (, born October 12, 1950 in Guantian, Tainan, Taiwan) was the President of the Republic of China from 2000-2008. His term ended 55 years of Kuomintang rule in Taiwan. His nickname is "Ah-bian" (). Chen is a member of the Democratic Progressive Party.

paragraphs: Chen Shui-bian is raised from a poor family in southern Taiwan. He worked hard and studied at National Taiwan University. He passed a test and became a lawyer in his junior year. He graduated from university in 1974.


title: The Suite Life of Zack & Cody

paragraphs: The Suite Life of Zack & Cody was a television series on Disney Channel. Because the series has already ended, it got followed by "The Suite Life on Deck".

paragraphs: Episode#1.02.The Fairest of Them All (03/18/05)

paragraphs: Episode#1.03.Maddie Checks In (03/25/05)

paragraphs: Episode#1.05.Grounded on the 23rd Floor (04/08/05)

paragraphs: Episode#1.06.The Prince & The Plunger (04/15/05)

paragraphs: Episode#1.10.Cody Goes to Camp (06/06/05)

paragraphs: Episode#1.11.To Catch a Thief (06/18/05)

paragraphs: Episode#1.12.It's a Mad, Mad, Mad Hotel (07/17/05)

paragraphs: Episode#1.13.Poor Little Rich Girl (07/22/05)

paragraphs: Episode#1.14.Cookin' With Romeo and Juliet (07/22/05)

paragraphs: Episode#1.16.Big Hair & Baseball (08/28/05)

paragraphs: Episode#1.17.Rock Star in the House (09/18/05)

paragraphs: Episode#1.18.Smart & Smarterer (10/10/05)

paragraphs: Episode#1.21.Christmas at the Tipton (12/10/05)

paragraphs: Episode#1.22.Kisses & Basketball (01/01/06)

paragraphs: Episode#1.23.Pilot Your Own Life (01/06/06)

paragraphs: Episode#2.08.Moseby's Big Brother (3/22/06)

paragraphs: Episode#2.09.Books & Birdhouses (03/23/06)

paragraphs: Episode#2.11.Twins At The Tipton (03/31/06)

paragraphs: Episode#2.12.Neither a Borrower Nor a Speller Bee (04/14/06)

paragraphs: Episode#2.15.The Suite Smell of Excess (06/02/06)

paragraphs: Episode#2.16.Going for the Gold (06/10/06)

paragraphs: Episode#2.17.Boston Tea Party (06/30/06)

paragraphs: Episode#2.18.Have A Nice Trip (07/07/06)

paragraphs: Episode#2.20.That's So Suite Life of Hannah Montana (07/28/06)

paragraphs: Episode#2.22.A Midsummer's Nightmare (08/11/06)

paragraphs: Episode#2.23.Lost In Translation (08/19/06)

paragraphs: Episode#2.28.Birdman of Boston (11/24/06)

paragraphs: Episode#2.32.Nugget Of History (02/23/07)

paragraphs: Episode#2.34.Health & Fitness (03/16/07)

paragraphs: Episode#2.36.The Suite Life Goes Hollywood (1) (4/20/07)

paragraphs: Episode#2.37.The Suite Life Goes Hollywood (2) (4/20/07)

paragraphs: Episode#3.02.Summer of Our Discontent (06/30/07)

paragraphs: Episode#3.08.The Arwin That Came To Dinner (08/05/07)

paragraphs: Episode#3.09.Lip Synchin' in the Rain (08/12/07)

paragraphs: Episode#3.10.First Day of High School (08/26/07)

paragraphs: Episode#3.11.Of Clocks and Contracts (9/15/07)

paragraphs: Episode#3.15.A Tale of Two Houses (11/17/07)

paragraphs: Episode#3.18.Romancing the Phone (04/19/08)

paragraphs: Episode#3.20.Doin' Time in Suite 2330 (08/09/08)

paragraphs: Episode#3.21.Let Us Entertain You (08/16/08)

paragraphs: Episode#3.22.Mr. Tipton Comes to Visit (09/01/08)


title: São Tomé

paragraphs: São Tomé is the capital city of São Tomé and Príncipe. It is the largest city in the country. The city has a population of 56,166 people. Its name is Portuguese for "Saint Thomas." São Tomé is important as a port. It is located on Ana Chaves Bay in the north east of São Tomé Island.

paragraphs: The city was founded by Portugal in 1485. It is centred on a sixteenth century cathedral. Another early building is Fort São Sebastião. It was built in 1575 and is now the São Tomé National Museum. In 1599, the city as well as the islands were captured by the Dutch for two days and again in 1641 for a year. São Tomé was the colony's capital until 1753. It has been the national capital since 1852.

paragraphs: São Tomé is known for its role in the forced conversion of Jews during the Inquisition. When King Manuel I of Portugal wanted to force the Jews to convert, he took away their children and had them sent to this remote island.

paragraphs: Features of the town include the Presidential Palace, the Fisherman's Church, and a cinema. The city is also home to two markets, a radio station, a hospital, and an international airport. São Tomé also serves as the center of the island's road and bus networks.


title: Everglades

paragraphs: The Everglades is a flat tropical river and mangrove swamp. It is in the southern part of Florida near the city of Miami. The Everglades usually has tropical river delta which runs slowly through a low-lying basin near sea level. There are many plants many animals live there. It is the only place in the world where crocodiles and alligators live together. It is a National Park and part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site.

paragraphs: Being a national park in the U.S. state of Florida, it helps protect around 25 percent of the original Everglades. It is the largest subtropical forest in the United States. On average, around one million people visit it each year.

paragraphs: It is the third-largest national park in the lower 48 states after Death Valley and Yellowstone. It is an International Biosphere Reserve, a World Heritage Site, and a Wetland of International Importance. It is one of only three parks in the world to be on all three lists.

paragraphs: Unlike most national parks in the US, Everglades National Park was started to protect a weak ecosystem and its unique geographic feature. The Everglades are wetlands. It is created by a slow-moving river coming from Lake Okeechobee. It flows through the Kissimmee River to the southwest at about per day, to Florida Bay.

paragraphs: The park protects a connected network of marshland and forest ecosystems. They are maintained by natural forces. There are thirty-six species of endangered and threatened living in the park. Some of them are: Florida panther, the American crocodile, and the West Indian manatee.

paragraphs: The park protects the largest U.S. wilderness area east of the Mississippi River. It is the most significant breeding place for tropical wading birds in North America. It also has the largest mangrove ecosystem in the Western hemisphere.

paragraphs: It is also home to more than 350 species of birds, 300 species of fresh and saltwater fish, 40 species of mammals, and 50 species of reptiles live within Everglades National Park.

paragraphs: All of South Florida's fresh water are kept in the Biscayne Aquifer. They are also recharged in the park. Only less than 50 percent of the Everglades water remain today.

paragraphs: Between the 1940s and 2000s, the number of wading birds has become smaller. It has reached around 90 percent decrease from their original numbers .

paragraphs: The diversion of water to South Florida's still-growing metropolitan areas is the number one threat for the park's inhabitants.

paragraphs: In the 1950s and 1960s, of canals and levees, 150 gates and spillways, and 16 pumping stations were built to lead water towards the cities and away from the Everglades. Low levels of water leave many fishes vulnerable to reptiles and birds. As sawgrass dry, it can burn or die off.

paragraphs: As a result, many apple snails and other animals that wading birds feed upon, are killed. Populations of birds have been dropping.

paragraphs: In 2009, the South Florida Water Management District claimed that the number of wading birds across South Florida have increased by 335%. However, despite three years of reported higher numbers, "The Miami Herald" discovered the same year that populations of waders in the park decreased by 29%.


title: Lost (TV series)

paragraphs: Lost was an American television series about airplane crash survivors on a tropical island in the South Pacific. Most episodes showed events in the present combined with stories from a character's past or future. The show was created by J. J. Abrams, Damon Lindelof, and Jeffrey Lieber. It was mostly filmed in Oahu, Hawaii. The first episode was shown on September 22, 2004. Since then, a total of six seasons have been shown on television. The series is made by ABC Studios, Bad Robot Productions and Grass Skirt Productions. It plays on the ABC Network in the United States. Other television networks show the series in other countries. Because of its large cast and the cost of filming in Hawaii, the series was one of the most expensive on television.

paragraphs: "Lost" had an average of 15.5 million viewers per episode on ABC during its first year. It won many awards including the Emmy Award for outstanding drama series in 2005 and best American import at the British Academy Television Awards also in 2005.

paragraphs: "Lost" ended with its sixth season. The sixth season began in February 2010 and ended in May 2010.

paragraphs: The episodes of Season 1 were shown on television in the United States starting on September 22, 2004. There were 24 episodes, which were shown on Wednesday nights. After their plane crashes on an island, the survivors of Oceanic Flight 815 must work together to stay alive. The survivors find mysterious things including polar bears, an unseen monster, and the other people living on the island, known as the "Others." They also meet a Frenchwoman who has been on the island for 16 years and find a metal hatch (door) buried in the ground. Some of them try to leave the island on a raft.

paragraphs: Season 2 had 23 episodes and were shown in the United States and Canada on Wednesdays starting September 21, 2005. Most of the story is about the conflict between the survivors and the Others. The survivors go down into the hatch door and find a secret, underground building where a man named Desmond has been living for three years. They learn about the DHARMA Initiative, a group of scientists who built the hatch and many other buildings on the island. The characters meet a new group of survivors from the tail end of the crashed airplane. One of the crash survivors betrays the other castaways by working with the Others.

paragraphs: Season 3 had 22 episodes that began airing in the United States and Canada on October 4, 2006 on Wednesdays at 9:00 pm. After a break, the show returned on February 7, 2007 and aired at 10:00 pm. The story continues 67 days after the crash. New crash survivors and Others are introduced. The crash survivors learn about the Others and their history on the island. A war between the Others and the survivors begins, and the survivors make contact with a rescue team.

paragraphs: Season 4 began airing January 31, 2008 and ended on May 29, 2008. When the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike began, only 8 of the planned 16 episodes had been filmed. After the writer's strike was resolved, only 5 of the remaining 8 episodes in season 4 were filmed. In this season, people from a ship called the "Kahana" come to the island. The new characters are not really a rescue team, and they put the crash survivors in danger. Later, six of the survivors escape the island. They become famous and are called the "Oceanic Six." The things they do after going back home are shown as "flashforwards," which are scenes showing the future.

paragraphs: Season 5 was shown in the United States and Canada from January 21, 2009 to May 13, 2009. This season follows two time lines. The first takes place on the island where the remaining survivors time travel through many time periods. The second shows the Oceanic Six trying to return to the island. Later in the season, most of the characters end up on the island in the year 1977. They join up with the DHARMA Initiative, a group of scientists who lived on the island. Some characters return to the island in 2007, where they meet Jacob, the leader of the Others.

paragraphs: Season 6 aired on February 2, 2010. It was the final season and it had 18 episodes. To keep the story a surprise, the producers of the series do not want any preview scenes to be shown before the season starts.

paragraphs: These characters have regular appearances on the show as of the sixth season.

paragraphs: These characters were regular characters at one point of the show and are now no longer shown or shown only in flashbacks.


title: Western United States

paragraphs: The Western United States—commonly referred to as the American West or simply The West—traditionally refers to the westernmost states of the United States. Since the United States has expanded westward since its founding, the definition of the West has changed over time. In the 18th and early 19th centuries the Appalachian Mountains were considered to be the boundary. Nowadays the Mississippi River is often referenced as the easternmost possible boundary of the West. The Census Bureau defines the western United States as these 13 states: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico,Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

paragraphs: The "West" had played a large role in American history; the American Old West is an important part of America's folklore.


title: Monaco Grand Prix

paragraphs: The Monaco Grand Prix (Grand Prix de Monaco) is a Formula One race held each year on the Circuit de Monaco. Run since 1929, it is widely considered to be one of the most important and prestigious automobile races in the world alongside the Indianapolis 500 and the 24 Hours of Le Mans.

paragraphs: "Drivers in bold are competing in the Formula One championship in the current season."

paragraphs: "Teams in bold are competing in the Formula One championship in the current season."<br>

paragraphs: "A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship."<br>

paragraphs: "A yellow background indicates an event which was part of the pre-war European Championship."

paragraphs: "Manufacturers in bold are competing in the Formula One championship in the current season."<br>

paragraphs: <nowiki>*</nowiki> Between 1998-2005 built by Ilmor, funded by Mercedes

paragraphs: <nowiki>**</nowiki> Built by Cosworth, funded by Ford


title: Bangui

paragraphs: Bangui is the capital city of Central African Republic. It is the largest city in the country. The city has a population of 531,763 people. Most of the population of the Central African Republic lives in the western parts of the country, near Bangui.

paragraphs: The city was founded in 1889 in what was then the French colony Haut-Oubangui ('Upper Ubangi'). The colony was later renamed Oubangui-Chari and made part of French Equatorial Africa. The city grew around the French military post on the Ubangi river. Bangui served as an administration center for the colony and is now the administrative center of the CAR.

paragraphs: Much violence in Bangui came after the March 1981 elections. These elections took place after the French removed Jean-Bedel Bokassa from office and replaced him with David Dacko. People who did not like Dacko attacked Bangui and made Dacko leave the country. Andre Kolingba then formed the Comité Militaire pour le Redressement National.

paragraphs: About 200 Central African Republic soldiers mutinied in Bangui in May 1996. They wanted back pay and for dictator Patassé to be removed from control of the country. French soldiers in the country stopped them and returned Patassé to power. More than 50 people were killed during this time.

paragraphs: Bangui is on the northern banks of the Ubangi River. It is just below a series of rapids. The Congolese town of Zongo is on the opposite side of the river from Bangui. The city centre is near the river. It has a large triumphal arch, the Presidential Palace and the central market. North of the city lie rolling hills.

paragraphs: The Central African Republic is just north of the Equator. Because of this, the daily high temperatures rarely fall below the high 80s Fahrenheit. The rainy season lasts from May until October. Bangui, being in the south of the country and closest to the Equator, is slightly hotter and wetter than the northern parts of the country.

paragraphs: Bangui is an administrative, trade, and commercial center. Bangui makes textiles, food products, beer, shoes, and soap. The main exports are cotton, timber, coffee, and sisal. Unemployment in the city was near 23% as of 2001.

paragraphs: Bangui is a river port. It is served by Bangui M'Poko International Airport. The port handles the most of the country's trade with other countries. River ferries sail to Brazzaville and Zongo. Roads connect the city to Cameroon, Chad, and Sudan.

paragraphs: Several periodicals and three daily newspapers publish in Bangui. Other things to see in Bangui include Boganda Museum and Bokassa Palace.

paragraphs: Bangui is home to the University of Bangui. It was founded in 1970. The University of Bangui is the only non-agricultural college in the Central African Republic.


title: ITV

paragraphs: ITV (first known as Independent Television) is a public television broadcasting service in the United Kingdom. It was set up in 1955 by the Independent Television Authority (ITA) to provide competition to the BBC.

paragraphs: ITV was first set up as one network of television stations and stayed that way until 2002. Then they were split into: ITV, ITV2, ITV3 and ITV4. These channels are also available in High definition.

paragraphs: Listed as they were originally named and as they are known now:


title: Burlington, Wyoming

paragraphs: Burlington is a town in Big Horn County, Wyoming, United States. It had 288 people living in it at the 2010 census.

paragraphs: The town has an area of 1.0 mi². This area is all land.

paragraphs: Children from Burlington go to Burlington High School, Burlington Junior High and Burlington Elementary.


title: Secularism

paragraphs: Secularism, also called Secularity, is the idea of something being not religious or not connected to a church or other religious organization. An example of this is the government, which is independent of any religion in many states. In some countries, such as Pakistan, England (though not the rest of the UK), Greece, Iran or Saudi Arabia, there is a state religion. In that case, the government follows the state religion. In contrast, India, South Africa or the United States have laws that religion and government should stay separate.

paragraphs: In a theocracy like the Vatican City and Iran, the priests of religion are the rulers of the country.


title: Jérémie Aliadière

paragraphs: Jérémie Aliadière (born 30 March 1983) is a French football player. He plays for Middlesbrough.


title: Walgreens

paragraphs: Walgreens is a pharmacy chain in the United States. It was founded in 1901 in Chicago. Its headquarters are in Deerfield, Illinois.

paragraphs: In the 1980s, Walgreens owned and operated a chain of casual family restaurants/pancake houses called Wag's. It was very similar to Denny's, IHOP and Golden Bear. In 1988, Walgreens sold most of Wag's to Marriott Corporation and by 1991 the chain was out of business.

paragraphs: On October 27, 2015, Walgreens announced that it would acquire another pharmacy chain, Rite Aid.


title: Cascade Volcanic Arc

paragraphs: The Cascade Volcanic Arc (also known as the Cascade volcanoes or the Cascade Arc) is a major range of volcanoes in southwestern British Columbia, Washington, Oregon and in northern California. The arc is central to the Cascade Range, a mountain range in the Pacific Northwest. It includes about 20 major volcanoes, among a total of over 4,000 separate volcanic vents.

paragraphs: Twelve volcanoes in the arc are over 10,000 ft (3,000 m) in height, and the two highest, Mount Rainier and Mount Shasta, are over 14,000 ft (4,300 m). By volume, the two largest Cascade volcanoes are the broad shields of Medicine Lake Volcano and Newberry Volcano, which are about 145 mi³ (600 km³) and 108 mi³ (450 km³) respectively.

paragraphs: The volcanism in the arc began about 37 million years ago, but most of the present-day Cascade volcanoes are less than 2 million years old. The most recent major catastrophic eruption in the arc was at Mount St. Helens on May 18, 1980.

paragraphs: The major volcanoes within the arc include Mount Silverthrone, Mount Meager, Mount Cayley, Mount Garibaldi, Mount Baker, Glacier Peak, Mount Rainier, Mount St. Helens, Mount Adams, Mount Hood, Mount Jefferson, Three Sisters, Broken Top, Mount Bachelor, Newberry Volcano, Mount Thielsen, Mount Mazama (Crater Lake), Mount McLoughlin, Medicine Lake Volcano, Mount Shasta, Shastina,Mount Tehama and Lassen Peak.


title: Satoru Iwata

paragraphs: On July 11, 2015, Iwata died of bile duct cancer at age 55. Iwata was posthumously awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award at the 2015 Golden Joystick Awards and the 2016 DICE Awards.

paragraphs: Iwata was born and raised in Sapporo, Japan on December 6, 1959. His father was a municipal mayor.

paragraphs: Iwata got his first computer, a Commodore PET, in 1978. He took the machine apart, and he studied the machine because he wanted to understand it. The computer had a central processing unit (MOS 6502) similar to the one used by Nintendo for the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES). The NES was a gaming console for which he would later make games.

paragraphs: Iwata expressed interest in the creation of video games early on and during his high school years, began producing electronic games at his home. The several simple number games Iwata produced made use of an electronic calculator he shared with his schoolmates. Following high school, Iwata was admitted to the Tokyo Institute of Technology, where he majored in computer science. Tomohiko Uematsu, an engineering professor, said Iwata was very good at software programming. He said that Iwata could write programs faster and more better than any of his other students. While attending the school, he did an unpaid internship at Commodore Japan. There, he helped the head engineer—Yash Terakura—with technical and software-development work. One of his main reasons for taking the job was to spend more time around computers and learn details of computers. Terakura would later be a mentor to Iwata. Terakura taught him about hardware engineering. Iwata and some of his friends rented an apartment in Akihabara. They formed a club where they would create and code games. Classmates living in nearby apartments called Iwata's room "Game Center Iwata". He would often show his games to the Seibu department store's computer department. By 1980, a group of employees there invited him to join their company, HAL Laboratory, Inc.

paragraphs: While attending the school, he worked part-time as a programmer for HAL Laboratory, Inc. HAL became the first company to make a license with Namco for developing games. He joined the company full-time after graduating in 1982. Iwata was its fifth employee and only programmer. Around the same time, Iwata's father was elected mayor of Muroran. Iwata's family did not agree with Iwata's career choice. His father did not talk to him for six months after Iwata joined HAL.

paragraphs: Iwata became the company's coordinator of software production in 1983. While he was coordinator, he helped HAL make a relationship with Nintendo so they would be able to makee games for the Nintendo Entertainment System. He went to Kyoto himself to ask for permission to work on games for the NES. Nintendo said yes. His first published game was "Joust" for the NES—a port of the 1982 arcade game. Other video games he worked on were "Balloon Fight", "NES Open Tournament Golf", "EarthBound", and the "Kirby" games. Nintendo contacted other developers to make "Open Tournament Golf"; however, all of them did not want to as they did not believe the large amount of data could be kept in an NES cartridge. Iwata said he could develop the game. It was very difficult for Iwata; he had to create his own data compression method in order to fit all 18 golf courses into the game. HHAL had to make parallax scrolling for "F-1 Race" because the NES hardware did not support it.

paragraphs: Because Iwata was good at programming, programmers and gamers started respecting him. He would often continue to work on weekends and holidays (Japanese holidays, New Year's Eve-Day, Christmas and Japanese Independence Day) because he wanted to. HAL was about to be bankrupt, so Iwata was promoted to president of HAL in 1993 when Nintendo's then-President, Hiroshi Yamauchi, asked him to be promoted. With Nintendo's help, Iwata helped turn the company around from its ¥1.5 billion debt and manage its finances. It took about 6 years. Iwata did not have much managing experience. Because of this, Iwata learned how to make himself better. He often read books about managing. He also asked for advice from others.

paragraphs: Although he was not part of Nintendo at the time, Iwata helped with developing "Pokémon Gold" and "Silver" by creating compression tools used for graphics in the games. While working as a go-between for Game Freak and Nintendo, he helped program "Pokémon Stadium" for the Nintendo 64. All he had to do was read the original coding in "Pokémon Red" and "Green" and porting the battle system into the new game in just one week. Tsunekazu Ishihara, the president of The Pokémon Company, said that Iwata was important in bringing "Pokémon" to Western markets. While being president of HAL, he created the plan for localization after reviewing the code for "Red" and "Green". They were released in the West two years after they were released in Japan. He also helped Masahiro Sakurai develop "Super Smash Bros." for the Nintendo 64.

paragraphs: In 2000, Iwata became the head of Nintendo's corporate planning division. He was also put on the board of directors. Over the next two years, he wanted to game development cheaper and shorter while making sure the quality was still good. During his first two years at Nintendo, the company saw profit increase 20 and 41 percent. Iwata's work helped do this. When Yamauchi, the company's president since 1949, retired on May 24, 2002, Iwata became Nintendo's fourth president. He was the first Nintendo president that was not in the Yamauchi family through blood or marriage. Yamauchi asked Iwata for one things: "that Nintendo have new ideas and create hardware that shows that ideal. And make software that has the same standard." Nintendo was a company that wanted individualism, with a policy created by Yamauchi to create new development positions when needed. However, this prevent good collaboration between departments.

paragraphs: When Iwata was promoted, Nintendo was still a profitable company. However, they were not doing as well as other console makers. The GameCube was selling poorly compared to competitors, with Sony's PlayStation 2 and Microsoft's Xbox outselling it. His presidency also happened when online gaming became popular. Nintendo had not started doing online gaming. He was careful about doing it, saying: "We're not against the idea of going online. We're just practical." He also created a relationship between Nintendo and Capcom that helped the GameCube. During an interview in 2002, Iwata said that he felt the gaming industry was becoming too exclusive. He wanted to make hardware and games that all people would want to play rather than focusing on good graphics.

paragraphs: One of the first things he did as president was to meet directly with the company's 40 department heads and 150 other employees. This was very different from Yamauchi; Yamauchi did not meet with employees often, and he usually had only one speech every year. Iwata was knew that just because he is president, that would not mean everyone would agree with him. He decided to talk to them on a personal level. If employees disagreed with his view, Iwata would suggest they follow their idea instead of his own. He said "creators only improve themselves if they take risks". Iwata also brought more data and science into the business part of the company. Yamauchi made decisions using intuition and experience, Iwata had ideas with a lot of data to convince people. Iwata also promoted Miyamoto, Genyo Takeda, Yoshihiro Mori, and Shinji Hatano to representative directors on the company's board of directors. Their positions had the same power as his own.

paragraphs: Following up on his 2002 interview, Iwata said there was a problem in the gaming market in his keynote speech at the 2003 Tokyo Game Show. During this speech, he thought about the history of the industry and that there was less interest in video games. Starting at the end of the 1990s, were fewer sales in the Japanese market. This continued into the early 2000s. Competition between Nintendo and Sony meant consoles were more focused on powerful hardware. However, the Nintendo 64 was too difficult for developers to make games. Because of this, software was not as good. Iwata asked for an analysis to be done. Nintendo decided that focusing on hardware was not the best way to promote video games. They decided to focus on software. In 2004, there was a big change within Nintendo. Iwata merged various departments created under Yamauchi. He wanted to have collaborative work throughout the company. He later created a "User Expansion Project" in 2005. Employees normally not related to game development would give ideas for new games.

paragraphs: In a March 2004 interview, Iwata said: "Games have come to a dead end." He said that developers wasted far too much time focusing on core gamers; he said that they would not make a profit if they did not make games for the normal game player. He also wanted to show that Nintendo, a "conservative" company, would become a big new creator of entertainment. Iwata created a "blue ocean" strategy to help Nintendo compete against the other console makers. Instead of competing against them about powerful hardware, Iwata decided to make interesting and entertaining hardware and games.

paragraphs: The Nintendo 3DS and Wii U were not as successful as the DS and Wii. Nintendo's finances became worse starting in 2010.


title: Lint (material)

paragraphs: Lint is a collection of clothing fibers and other materials usually on or around clothing.

paragraphs: Pocket lint is lint in the bottom of pockets. Pocket lint is usually made up of, but not limited to detached fabric, dust and paper scraps. In some contexts, pocket lint may also refer to random items in one's pocket.

paragraphs: Navel lint, also called belly button lint, belly button fluff or navel fluff, is an collection of fluffy fibres in one's navel.

paragraphs: Many people find that, at the beginning and end of the day, a small lump of fluff has appeared in the navel cavity. People have wondered why this happens for many years. In 2001, Dr. Karl Kruszelnicki of the University of Sydney, Australia, did a survey to find out why this happens. This is what he found out:

paragraphs: Dr. Kruszelnicki was awarded the Ig Nobel Prize for Interdisciplinary Research in 2002. The Ig Nobel Prize is given for "achievements that cannot or should not be repeated".

paragraphs: Austrian scientist Georg Steinhauser has also done research on the navel lint.


Lint


title: Subtropical Storm Andrea (2007)

paragraphs: Subtropical Storm Andrea was the first named storm and first subtropical cyclone of the 2007 Atlantic hurricane season. It was made on May 9; three weeks earlier than when the 2007 season was supposed to start. Andrea started from a non-tropical rain weather area off the coast of Daytona Beach, Florida. After staying close to the same area, on May 10, Andrea weakened into a subtropical depression after coming near to dry air and wind shear, and on the next day, the National Hurricane Center stopped looking at the storm and stopped giving out advisories.

paragraphs: The storm made bad surf along the beach areas from Florida to North Carolina. Andrea killed a total of 6 people not in a direct way, and 5 of those deaths happened when Andrea was extratropical before being a subtropical storm.

paragraphs: Andrea was the first tropical storm to form before the official start of the season since Tropical Storm Ana from the 2003 season which formed on April 2003. The storm was also the first named storm to form in the month of May since Tropical Storm Arlene from the 1981 season.

paragraphs: Subtropical Storm Andrea formed out of an area of a kind of strong non-tropical rainy place that slowly moved around the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of South Carolina. After becoming stronger a bit more and having the National Hurricane Center look at the storm closely, it was named "Andrea" on May 9 after the NHC discovered that the system had a closed low-level spinning and looked subtropical.

paragraphs: The storm did little more than stay near the same place before it became weak and turned into a subtropical depression after coming in contact with dry air and wind shear, both things which weaken tropical and subtropical cyclones. Andrea then died out off the coast of Florida on May 11 after collapsing because of bad weather conditions for the storm.

paragraphs: The extratropical system that would later be Andrea created high waves that made the National Weather Service give a High Surf Advisory at the coastlines between Florida and North Carolina. Almost right after the NHC called the storm Andrea, it also gave out Tropical Storm Watches to Florida and Georgia's coast. But the NHC those stopped giving out advisories after Andrea weakened into a depression. Also, a gale warning was given out for much of the South Carolina coastline.

paragraphs: Andrea was known to have killed a total of 6 people, while 5 of the people killed happened before Andrea became a subtropical storm. Also, the storm only made small damages between the Florida and the North Carolina coast.


title: Force field

paragraphs: A force field is a field of energy that usually blocks something. The force field is common in science fiction and fantasy stories. The ideal of a force field may be from the vector field, thought it resembled the "warding spells", the protective magic that was claimed to be used by shamans from long ago.

paragraphs: The plasma window is a real-live object that resembles the force field, it provides a separation between vacuum and gas. There is only one true ideal of creating a 'force shield': using an electric field to change the way metallic items move, although no power is known to be powerful enough to do this.


title: Shaman

paragraphs: A shaman is a kind of medicine man who practices shamanism. Shamans were believed to be able to talk to the spirit world, usually animal spirits. In some tribes shamanism is important such as the Yanomamis (a Venezuelan tribe in the Venezuelan forest).

paragraphs: A shaman was a person who had a special connection to the spiritual world.


title: Plasma window

paragraphs: A Plasma window is a field of plasma that fills an area of space. It is similar to a force field. The area is created by using magnetism to hold the plasma in place. With current technology, this area of space is quite small. It is in the shape of a flat planes inside a cylinder.

paragraphs: As plasma increases in temperature, it becomes thicker. At a high enough temperature, plasma is thick enough to separate a vacuum from normal atmosphere. Plasma does not stop radiation, such as lasers, from moving through it. Because of this, scientists can use a plasma window to create an area of vacuum while still letting radiation to move through it. This is needed because certain types of radiation can only be created in a vacuum, but scientists need to use the radiation on things that are found in a normal atmosphere.

paragraphs: The Plasma Window was created at Brookhaven National Laboratory by Ady Hershcovitch. It was patented in 1995. Other creations using the same idea as the plasma window include the Plasma Valve.

paragraphs: The Plasma Valve is related to a plasma window. It was created a year after the plasma window. The plasma Valve is a layer of gas inside a special shell. A ring around the shell holds a vacuum. A breach in the ring can be very bad but technology lets scientists shut off the machine in time before anything happens.

paragraphs: A plasma window is usually created at temperatures of 15,000 kelvin. The only limit to the window's size is the amount of energy needed to create it. A window needs 20 kW of energy for every inch in size.

paragraphs: Plasma windows will glow in different colors depending on the gas used to create the plasma.


Advance


title: Bari

paragraphs: Bari (; Bari dialect: Bare; ; ) is a city in southern Italy. Bari is the capital of Bari Provence and of the Apulia Region. The city itself has a population of about 320,475, as of 2011, over 116 km, while the fast-growing urban area counts 653,028 inhabitants over 203 km. The metropolitan area has a million inhabitants. It is the second biggest city in southern Italy (after Naples).

paragraphs: During World War II there was an air raid on Bari. It was called the "Little Pearl Harbor".

paragraphs: Shown above are the twenty quarters of Bari: these twenty neighbourhoods or "quartiere" as they are known, are further divided into nine governmental community boards.

paragraphs: Bari has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate ("Csa" in the Koeppen climate classification) with mild winters and hot, dry summers. Snowfall is rare.

paragraphs: During the summer of 2008 temperatures reached as high as .