title: Tonawanda, New York

paragraphs: Tonawanda (officially known as the "City of Tonawanda") is a small city in New York, USA. It is located in Erie County, near Buffalo, New York.

paragraphs: Tonawanda borders the Niagara River and the Erie Canal.


title: Jhulelal (Sufism)

paragraphs: Jhulelal (Sindhi/Urdu: جهوللال), refers to Lal Shahbaz Qalandar, a prominent Sunni Muslim of the Suhrawardy Sufi order. The term has been popularized by the song Dama Dam Mast Qalandar, in which Lal Shabaz Qalandar has been referred to as "Jhulelal Qalandar". The term Jhulelal means "red bridegroom".


title: Tommy Page

paragraphs: Thomas Alden "Tommy" Page (May 24, 1970 – March 3, 2017) was an American singer-songwriter and pianist. He was best known for his 1990 hit single, "I'll Be Your Everything". He later became a music industry executive for "Billboard magazine".

paragraphs: Page worked with many artists such as New Kids on the Block, Sa-Fire, La Casa, Sally Yeh, Donna De Lory, Amy Mastura, Ashley Tisdale, Tiffany, Green Day, Michael Bublé, Alanis Morissette, Josh Groban, and David Foster.

paragraphs: Page was born in Glen Ridge, New Jersey and raised in West Caldwell, New Jersey. He studied at James Caldwell High School. Page had three children with his partner, Charlie.

paragraphs: Page died on March 3, 2017 in New York City in an apparent suicide, aged 46.


title: Carl Adam Lewenhaupt

paragraphs: Carl Adam Göstasson ""Noppe"" Lewenhaupt (1 August 1947 – 28 February 2017) was a Swedish count, businessman and restaurateur.

paragraphs: Lewenhaupt worked at a bank and warehouse in London and New York. In the mid 1990s, he created and started Geddesholm Callcenter, one of Swedens largest call-centers, better known as Avesta teletjänst, which he sold in 2002. The same year he along with Erik Lallerstedt started the members only club "Noppe" at Östermalm in Stockholm.

paragraphs: Lewenhaupt was found dead on 28 February 2017 in a river outside Gärdet in Stockholm.


title: Taygetus

paragraphs: Taygetus is a mountain range in Peloponnese peninsula of Southern Greece. The highest mountain of this range is known as the "Profitis Elias" or the "Prophet Elias".


title: Michael M. Ryan

paragraphs: Michael McFoster Ryan (March 19, 1929 – March 1, 2017) was an American actor. Ryan was best known for his long-running role as John Randolph on the serial "Another World" (1964-1979). He was also known for his movie roles in "Tootsie" and "Slayground".

paragraphs: Ryan died on March 1, 2017 under hospice care in Kansas City, Missouri at the age of 87.


title: Bill Hougland

paragraphs: William Marion "Bill" Hougland (June 20, 1930 – March 6, 2017) was an American basketball player and businessman. He competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics and in the 1956 Summer Olympics. He was also a member of the Kansas Jayhawks' 1952 NCAA Men's Basketball National Championship team.

paragraphs: Hougland played for the Phillips 66ers from 1952 through 1958.

paragraphs: He was part of the American basketball team, which won the gold medal. He played all eight matches. Four years later he won his second gold medal as part of the American team.

paragraphs: After his sports career, Hougland served as Vice-President of Koch Industries until his retirement in 1991.

paragraphs: Hougland was born in Caldwell, Kansas. He studied at the University of Kansas. Houghland died on March 6, 2017 in Lawrence, Kansas, aged 86.


title: Florence S. Jacobsen

paragraphs: Florence Smith Jacobsen (April 7, 1913 – March 5, 2017) was an American religious leader. She was a member with The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). She served as the sixth General President of the Young Women's Mutual Improvement Association from 1961 to 1972.

paragraphs: Jacobsen died in Salt Lake City, Utah on March 5, 2017 at the age of 103.


title: M. S. Swaminathan

paragraphs: Mankombu Sambasivan Swaminathan (born 7 August 1925) is an Indian geneticist, politician and international administrator. From 2007 to 2013, he was a member of the Rajya Sabha.

paragraphs: He was known for his Deebak role in India's Green Revolution a program under which high-yield varieties of wheat and rice seedlings were planted in the fields of poor farmers. Swaminathan is also known as "Indian Father of Green Revolution" for his leadership and success in creating and further developing varieties of wheat in India. He is the founder and chairman of the MS Swaminathan Research Foundation.

paragraphs: From 1972 to 1979 he was director general of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research. He was Principal Secretary, Ministry of Agriculture from 1979 to 1980. He served as Director General of the International Rice Research Institute (1982–88) and became president of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources in 1988.

paragraphs: In 1999, "Time" magazine placed him in the 'Time 20' list of most influential Asian people of the 20th century.


title: Arthur B. McDonald

paragraphs: Arthur Bruce McDonald (born August 29, 1943) is a Canadian astrophysicist. McDonald is the director of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory Institute. He holds the Gordon and Patricia Gray Chair in Particle Astrophysics at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario.

paragraphs: McDonald was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physics with Japanese physicist Takaaki Kajita.


title: Moshe Safdie

paragraphs: Moshe Safdie, CC, FAIA (born July 14, 1938) is an Israeli-Canadian architect, urban designer, educator, theorist, and author. He is known for designing the Habitat 67, which paved the way for his international career. He won the Wolf Prize in 2019.


title: Goicoechea (canton)

paragraphs: Goicoechea is the 8th canton in the Province of San Jose, Costa Rica, with a population of 115,084 as of 2011. The city of Guadalupe is its main district. It forms part of the broader San José metropolitan area, itself the capital of the Republic.

paragraphs: Goicoechea is located northeast of the capital city of San José. Goicoechea's geographic center is 09°57'31" latitude north and 83º 59'26" longitude west.

paragraphs: The canton is narrowly shaped in width and elongated in length. It is a maximum of 20 kilometers wide in a southeast by northeast direction from the source of the Durazno River to the bridge crossing the Tórres River, along Nacional No. 5 road, that leads from San José to San Juan de Tibás.

paragraphs: The canton is named after an illustrious national forefather, Franciscan friar José Antonio de Liendo y Goicoechea who was born in the city of Cartago in the Province of Cartago, Costa Rica, on the 3rd of May, 1735, and died July 2, 1814, in Guatemala.

paragraphs: The area corresponding to the Goicoechea canton during the pre-Columbian period was populated by an indigenous people called the Western Huetar Kingdom, under the rule of king Garabito at the start of the Spanish Conquest.

paragraphs: The first canton dwellers established themselves in what today is called Calle Blancos (White Street), the first street neighborhood in the area. This name was assigned to the area as a result of the many people by the name of Blanco (White) who had taken residence there. The population began to spread eastbound, stretching paths toward what later became known as the canton's center.

paragraphs: In 1828, the main district (known as the Municipality) of San José divided the Murciélago neighborhood into several groups of houses. This gave cause for registering, under the name of San José del Murciélago, what today is known as the , which became a village and eventually on August 6, 1891, according to Law No. 56 during José Joaquín Rodríguez Zeledón's administration, this village was granted township status to head the canton as its main district. Entry for San José del Murciélago was recorded in the Neighborhoods and Quarters Boundary Register at the Department of San José a full 63 years before Guadalupe reached municipality status for the Canton of Goicoechea.

paragraphs: As of November 30, 1841, the Neighborhood and Dwellings Boundary Register's entries for the Los Santos neighborhood, along with the San Francisco, San Ramón, San José, San Rafael and San Joaquín quarters matched what presently corresponds to a large portion of the Goicoechea canton. And in 1844 residents of the San José quarter negotiated a permit to build a hermitage dedicated to their patron St. Joseph. Six years later, the first parson of the area, presbyter Raimundo Mora, changed the patron saint as well as the name of the quarter from San José to Guadalupe, in honor of the Virgin of Guadalupe, being that he was her devotee. He also broke ground for the cemetery, which is one of the oldest works in the city of Guadalupe. In 1855 a began to be built where it is still presently located. The following year a parish was built, during the episcopacy of monsignor Joaquín Anselmo Llorente y Lafuente, Costa Rica's first bishop, and it is currently suffragan of the archdiocese of San José, belonging to the ecclesiastic province of Costa Rica.

paragraphs: The regional demographic and economic development that occurred in Goicoechea resulted from the planting of coffee. It became the dominant product as of 1850, replacing the large tabacco plantations that had constituted the main source of income for the earliest population. The "golden bean" was introduced to Guadalupe in 1840 by José Manuel Núñez, who planted it and established the first processing site at his former wheat mill. Another important factor in regional development was the Camino de Carrillo (Road to Carrillo), located near the confluence of the Sucio and Honduras rivers. The need for this road was due to local coffee farmers' demands to deliver their beans to the Limón harbor on the Atlantic for exportation, thereby shortening the cargo journey to their main European markets. At first the thought was to build a train track from San José, the country's capital, to Limón, moving through Paso de La Palma. Later in 1881, when the road section had reached Carrillo, the national government proposed to discontinue construction to open a road instead from San José to Carrillo. The following year that new road was inaugurated, but was in use for very little time, given its high cost of maintenance and traffic on it becoming sparse, once a train track construction from San José to the Caribbean coast was completed in 1890.

paragraphs: Goicoechea's first elementary school was built in 1883. It is located north of the Goicoechea Park. Afterward Escuela Carlos Gagini was built, and then in 1939 a new grammar school was inaugurated called Escuela Pilar Jiménez Solís, during president León Cortés Castro's administration. The secondary school Liceo Napoleón Quesada began operations in 1955, during president José Figueres Ferrer's first administration.

paragraphs: Guadalupe has been Goicoechea's municipality since 1891. But given its population growth, as of on August 10, 1920, during president Julio Acosta García's administration, Law No. 69 conferred to it the title of city.

paragraphs: Goicoechea was officially drawn away from the canton of San José and established by decree via Law No. 36 on December 7, l848. Law No. 56 decreed on August 6, 1891 that Goicoechea be itself established as a canton in the province of San José with Guadalupe as its municipality. Yet this law did not define any other districts for the canton, though it did recognize 6 townships toward that end.

paragraphs: The first Canton Board Hearing of Goicoechea occurred on September 13, 1891 with representatives Francisco Jiménez Núñez serving as president, Tomás Gutiérrez and Ezequiel Vargas serving as vice presidents. Jesús Zeledón served as secretary and Basileo Araya as political chief.

paragraphs: The first aqueduct and sewage lines were inaugurated in 1910 under president Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno's administration.

paragraphs: Geologically, Goicoechea canton is grounded on volcanic matter dating to the Quartenary Period. Rocks from the Pleistocene epoch predominate in the region. Dating to this period, there are rolling structures located between Villa Rancho Redondo and the Purral district. Volcanic structures, recently and presently established, formed during the Holocene epoch. They are associated to pyroclastics and other volcanic matter such as lava, lahars and pyroclasts. The earliest ones are located west of the canton, originating from Villa Rancho Redondo. The later ones originate from Purral and move east.

paragraphs: The Goicoechea canton is part of a geomorphic unit of volcanic origin, which is divided into two sub-units called the Irazú Volcano and the Volcanic Filling of the Central Valley.

paragraphs: The Irazú Volcano sub-unit is located to the east of the canton from Villa Mata de Plátano. It consists of slopes of all kinds. The contours of the hills are rounded due to the thickness of recent ash deposits that cover almost the whole surface mass. The sub-unit is composed of volcanic rocks displaying gaps, lavas, tuffs, agglomerates, ignimbrites, ash and also many streams of mud and lahars. The rocks' degree of weathering is highly variable, with its origin being due to the accumulation of different type of volcanic rocks.

paragraphs: The volcanic filling of the Central Valley, located in the western sector of the canton, corresponds to a flat undulating surface. It is possible that changes on the surface within the area are due to the presence of lava only a few meters below the surface. This constitutes a front. The sub-unit takes surface form from volcanic rocks, mainly lavas, tuffs and ignimbrites covered by ash in varying thickness. The sequence flow of lavas rests on sedimentary rock. The lavas are of the andesitic type. Geomorphologically, this unit is not a valley. Nevertheless, for political, socio-economic reasons and various other kinds of references, it is preferable to continue calling this region the Central Valley. The correct technical name is Tectonic Pit, due to the presence of a fault along the foot of the Central Volcanic Sierra, which is evidenced by the existence of thermo-mineral sources. Also there is an abrupt interruption in the foothills that align with the fault as they descend from the Central Volcanic Sierra mountain range towards the valley. Additionally, there is the presence of an unexplained "volcanism" (Pacacua Formation) that corresponds with or nears the position of the fault.

paragraphs: Elevations above sea level for the urban centers in the districts of Goicoechea canton follow:

paragraphs: The fluvial system of the canton of Goicoechea follows Pacific slope, which belongs to the basin of the Grande de Tárcoles River.

paragraphs: The rivers that drain the region begin with the Purral River, with the Navarro River as its tributary as well as the Mozotal brook. The Purral river is a tributary of the Torres River along with the Cangrejos, Patalillo and Patal brooks, together with the Tiribí, Ipís, Durazno and Barreal streams. These watercourses, except for the Torres River, have their source in the canton, on the western slope of the Cabeza de Vaca Hill, and course east-to-west. The Torres, Tiribí, Durazno, Ipís flows, and the ravines Barreal and Patal serve as cantonal borders. The first borders with San José and Montes de Oca. The second borders with the Cartago province. The rivers Durazno and Ipís along with Vázquez de Coronado and the ravines, respectively border with the cantons of Moravia and Montes de Oca.

paragraphs: The canton's maximum width is 12.43 miles (20 km), spreading northeast to southwest from the source of the Durazno River to the bridge over the Torres River, along National Highway No.5, which runs from San José to San Juan de Tibás.

paragraphs: Goicoechea is home to important institutions of various kinds, both governmental and private, as well as a series of industries of great recognition, established mainly in the Calle Blancos industrial zone. Worthy to be noted are:

paragraphs: The canton of Goicoechea has been characterized for being an area of important industrial and commercial development in the province of San José, Costa Rica's capital. An example of its importance may best be seen in that companies such as Motorola and Durman Esquivel remained located in the district of Calle Blancos along with Coca Cola-FEMSA bottling corporation for decades. The construction of the industrial complex Parque Empresarial del Este in the same district has added multinational accounts, namely Amazon, Bank of America, Teletech, among others to this list of growing companies that have increased the rate of employment in the area, while the infrastructure, especially roads, has remained unchanged, leading to excessive congestion.


paragraphs: The British Association for Applied Linguistics (BAAL) is an academic society. Members are professional applied linguists, language teachers, and other people interested in these topics. BAAL is in the United Kingdom. BAAL has more than 800 members. They meet at different places in the UK. The association publishes conference proceedings and a regular newsletter. It also gives scholarships to students. Tess Fitzpatrick, Professor of Applied Linguistics in the Centre for Language and Communication Research at Cardiff University, is the chair from 2015-2018.

paragraphs: BAAL's Annual Meeting happens every September in the UK. BAAL is part of the "Association Internationale de Linguistique Appliquee" (International Association of Applied Linguistics, AILA). In the UK, it is a registered charity. BAAL meetings usually have a theme.The theme of the 40th conference at the University of Edinburgh was 'Technology, Ideology and Practice in Applied Linguistics'.

paragraphs: The association started in the 1960s. At that time, more people were becoming interested in the new science of modern linguistics and they were especially interested in practical results. One important area of applied linguistics is language teaching and learning. Also at this time, the European Union was becoming more important, so people in Europe needed better language teaching.

paragraphs: Peter Strevens, the Chair in Applied Linguistics at the University of Essex first had the idea to start BAAL. At a meeting at Birkbeck College in July 1965, the original idea for BAAL was to study mainly language teaching and machine translation. However, at the first full meeting in 1967 in Reading, Berkshire the group decided to study many different topics. BAAL became the UK member of AILA, and Pit Corder was its first Chair. At first, membership was only for academics because BAAL wanted people to think it was a group of experts, not a teachers' meeting. However, by the early 1970s it became easier to join BAAL. Since 1985, anyone can join. There are no requirements to become a member. In 1980, the Association began to publish a journal called, "Applied Linguistics".


title: Kulanu

paragraphs: Kulanu, Hebrew: כולנו , meaning "All of Us", was an Israeli political party.

paragraphs: Its ideology was centrist social liberal, and Zionist. It was interested mainly with economic matters. Its political leaders were Yifat Shasha-Biton and then Moshe Kahlon.

paragraphs: Kulanu was founded as a branch of Likud in 2014 and rejoined Likud in July 2019. It participated in the Fourth Netanyahu Government with 10 seats, and since April 2019 with 4 seats.


title: Fourth Netanyahu Government

paragraphs: The Fourth Netanyahu Government was the 34th government of Israel. It was installed on May 14, 2015 and ended on May 17, 2020. Prime minister was Likud politician Benjamin Netanyahu.

paragraphs: Participating parties (with seats in the 20th Knesset in brackets):

paragraphs: The Fourth Netanyahu Government can be characterized as a right-wing government with a great religious contribution.


title: Stan Collymore

paragraphs: Stanley Victor "Stan" Collymore (born 22 January 1971) is an English former footballer/ He played as a centre-forward from 1990 to 2001. He played for Nottingham Forest, Liverpool and Aston Villa and the England national football team.

paragraphs: Collymore was born in Stone, Staffordshire. He has depression.


title: Henri Pirenne

paragraphs: Henri Pirenne (December 23, 1862 in Verviers - October 25, 1935 in Uccle) was a Belgian historian and academic. Pirenne is considered as one of the most important historians of Belgium.

paragraphs: He studied at the University of Liège and was a professor at the University of Ghent. His focus was on Medieval history, the history of Belgium and economic history.

paragraphs: He developed the so-called "Pirenne thesis" (nowadays out of date) in his book "Mohammed and Charlemagne" (published after his death in 1937). According to this opinion Mediterranean economics were disturbed by the early Islamic conquests and not by the barbarian invasions some centuries before.

paragraphs: Pirenne resisted the Dutchification of the University of Ghent. When this university had completely become Dutch-language spoken in 1930, he moved to the Brussels region where died in 1935, aged 72.


title: Ian Callaghan

paragraphs: Ian Robert Callaghan (born 10 April 1942) is a retired English footballer. He played between 1959 and 1982 as a midfielder. He is best known as a Liverpool player. He holds the record for most times played for Liverpool, at 857 appearances. He won 17 honours with Liverpool, including two European Cups, in 1977 and 1978. He also played four times for the England national football team.

paragraphs: Callaghan was born in Toxteth, Liverpool.


title: Alberto Zedda

paragraphs: Alberto Zedda (2 January 1928 – 6 March 2017) was an Italian conductor and musicologist. He was known for his work relating to the 19th-century Italian repertoire. He was born in Milan.

paragraphs: Zedda studied the works of Antonio Vivaldi, George Frideric Handel, Gaetano Donizetti, Vincenzo Bellini, Giuseppe Verdi, and most notably Gioachino Rossini. He was known for his research on vocal ornamentation and his aim at authentic performing style.

paragraphs: Zedda died on 6 March 2017 in Pesaro, Italy, aged 89.


title: Clara Hughes

paragraphs: Clara Hughes, OC OM MSC  was born on September 27, 1972 in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. She is a Canadian cyclist and speed skater who has won more than one Olympic medals in both sports. She won two bronze in the 1996 Summer Olympics and four medals (one gold, one silver, two bronze) over the course of three Winter Olympics. She is tied as the Canadian with the most Olympic medals.

paragraphs: Hughes is one of the few athletes who have competed in both the Summer and Winter Olympic games. Hughes is the only person ever to have won multiple medals in the winter and summer olympics. Hughes is also the only Canadian to have won medals in both the Summer and Winter Olympics. Hughes was the first Canadian woman to win a medal in road cycling at the Olympics, winning two in the 1996 Atlanta Olympics.

paragraphs: Hughes was named to both the Order of Manitoba and as an Officer of the Order of Canada because of her work in sports and for the help she had given to others. She works with Right to Play, a sports program that helps youth all over the world. After winning her gold medal in 2006, she donated $10,000 to Right to Play.

paragraphs: Throughout her career Hughes received a number of other awards, and trophies. She was named Female Athlete of the Year by Speed Skating Canada in 2004 for long track. In 2006 she received a Sport and Community Trophy. She was then named to the 2006 List of Most Influential Women in Sport and Physical Activity. In the summer of the year 2010, she would receive a star on the Canadian Walk of Fame and on November 15, 2010, she was put into Canada's Sports Hall of Fame.

paragraphs: She works for the Bell Let's Talk Mental Health program, including Bell Let's Talk Day. Hughes uses her past problems with depression to help others. "Hughes battled deep depression, which [almost ruined] her life, after winning two bronze medals in cycling at the 1996 Olympics." Since 2013, Hughes has started yearly bike rides across Canada in order to talk about mental health. In 2015, a CTV-produced documentary Clara's Big Ride premiered on the fifth annual Bell Let's Talk Day. Her memoir, "Open Heart, Open Mind", was published in 2015.


title: Anthony C. Beilenson

paragraphs: Anthony Charles "Tony" Beilenson (October 26, 1932 – March 5, 2017) was an American Democratic Congressman from Southern California. He served ten terms in the United States House of Representatives from 1977 to 1997.

paragraphs: Beilenson was born in New Rochelle, New York. He studied at Harvard University. He was Jewish. Beilenson died on March 5, 2017 in Los Angeles, California from a heart attack, aged 84.


title: Lois Capps

paragraphs: Lois Ragnhild Grimsrud Capps (born January 10, 1938) was the U.S. Representative for , serving in Congress from 1998 to 2017. She is a member of the Democratic Party.

paragraphs: Capps served on the U.S. House Committee on Energy and Commerce, where she was a member of the Energy and Air Quality Subcommittee and the Subcommittee on Health. She was a member of the New Democrat Coalition.


title: Jim Broyhill

paragraphs: James Thomas "Jim" Broyhill (born August 19, 1927) is a Republican former U.S. Representative and Senator from the state of North Carolina. He represented much of the Foothills region of the state in the House from 1963 to 1986, and served in the Senate for four months in 1986.


title: Maryon Pittman Allen

paragraphs: Maryon Pittman Allen (November 30, 1925 – July 23, 2018) was an American journalist. She served as United States Senator from Alabama for five months in 1978, after her husband, Senator James B. Allen, died in office.

paragraphs: Allen died on July 23, 2018 in Birmingham, Alabama at the age of 92.


title: Lauch Faircloth

paragraphs: Duncan McLauchlin "Lauch" Faircloth (born January 14, 1928) is an American politician and businessman. He served one term as a Republican U.S. Senator from North Carolina from January 3, 1993 through January 3, 1999. He lost re-election in 1998 to John Edwards.

paragraphs: Faircloth was born in Sampson County, North Carolina.


title: Joseph Tydings

paragraphs: Joseph Davies Tydings (May 4, 1928 – October 8, 2018) was a Democratic member of the United States Senate, representing the state of Maryland from 1965 to 1971.

paragraphs: Tydings was born in Asheville, North Carolina. Tydings moved to Maryland after he was adopted by Millard Tydings, U.S. Senator from Maryland. After serving in the military, he got his law degree at the University of Maryland and entered into practice.

paragraphs: He served in the Maryland House of Delegates from 1955 to 1961, and as United States Attorney from 1961 until his resignation in 1963 to run for Senate.

paragraphs: Tydings won election to the Senate in 1964. However, his controversial stances on gun control and crime in the District of Columbia cost him re-election in 1970. He made another attempt at his old seat in 1976, but was defeated in the Democratic primary election by Paul Sarbanes.

paragraphs: He later served as a member of the Board of Regents of the University of Maryland, College Park and the University System of Maryland.

paragraphs: Tydings died in Washington, D.C., from cancer on October 8, 2018, aged 90.


title: Richard C. Clark

paragraphs: Richard Clarence "Dick" Clark (born September 14, 1928) is an American politician. He represented the state of Iowa in the United States Senate from 1973 to 1979 as a member of the Democratic Party.

paragraphs: As senator, he served on the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, the Committee on Environment and Public Works and the Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship.

paragraphs: Clark was known for his efforts against the apartheid government in South Africa, his opponent, Roger Jepsen, called him "the Senator from Africa"


title: Mehdi Mousavi

paragraphs: Mehdi Mousavi, also Mehdi Moosavi, (Farsi: مهدی موسوی)(born 1974, 1975, or 1976) is an Iranian poet. He is known for poems on social issues. Mousavi was arrested in 2013, along with poet Fatemeh Ekhtesari. Mousavi was sentenced to nine years in prison plus 99 lashes. A group of poets signed a petition asking for his release. Mousavi escaped from Iran in January 2016.

paragraphs: On December 6, 2013, Fatemeh Ekhtesari and Mehdi Moosavi had planned to travel to Turkey for a literary workshop, but they were stopped at the airport. They were told they were under a travel ban, and their passports were confiscated. A few hours later they disappeared and did not appear again until December 24, 2014, when it was known they were in Section 2A of Evin Prison. Torture and other abuse of prisoners is common in the prison, which is controlled by the Intelligence Division of the Islamic Revolution Guards Corps. On January 14, 2014, Ekhtesari and Mousavi were released on bail. Their lawyer said Moosavi was sentenced to six years in prison for "insulting the holy sanctities", three years for "storing tear gas", and 99 lashes for "illicit relations". The amount of the bail was 200 million tomans, or about 60,000 USD.

paragraphs: Mehdi Mousavi is known for his collections of poetry, and as a leader in the "Postmodern Ghazal" movement, a radical poetry movement that challenges religious traditions. Many of his works were banned in Iran and distributed underground. The authorities refused publication of two of his collections, "Suddenly" and "Beeping for the Sheep". Some of Mousavi's lyrics have been performed by Shahin Najafi, an Iranian singer in exile.


title: Paul Wellstone

paragraphs: Paul David Wellstone (July 21, 1944 – October 25, 2002) was an American academic and politician who represented Minnesota in the United States Senate from 1991 until he was killed in a plane crash in Eveleth, Minnesota in 2002.

paragraphs: A member of the Democratic Farmer-Labor Party, Wellstone was a leader of the progressive wing of the national Democratic Party.


title: Rudy Boschwitz

paragraphs: Rudolph Ely "Rudy" Boschwitz (born November 7, 1930) is a former American Independent-Republican United States Senator from Minnesota. He served in the Senate from December 1978 to January 1991. In his re-election campaign in 1990, he was defeated by Paul Wellstone.

paragraphs: Boschwitz was born in Berlin to a Jewish family. His family moved from Nazi Germany to New York City to escape the Nazis. He was raised in New Rochelle, New York. He studied at New York University. Boschwitz served in the United States Army from 1954 through 1955. He is married to Ellen Boschwitz.

paragraphs: Boshwitz now serves on the Board of Directors of the Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs, is an AIPAC Board Member, and is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations.


title: Mack Mattingly

paragraphs: Mack Francis Mattingly (born January 7, 1931) served one term as a United States senator from Georgia. He was the first Republican to serve in the U.S. Senate from that state since Reconstruction.

paragraphs: Mattingly was born in Anderson, Indiana. He studied at Indiana University.

paragraphs: In 1980, Mattingly unseated longtime Democratic Senator Herman Talmadge, which was seen as an historic political upset.


title: Tom Carper

paragraphs: Thomas Richard "Tom" Carper (born January 23, 1947) is the senior United States Senator from Delaware, serving since 2001.

paragraphs: A member of the Democratic Party, Carper served in the United States House of Representatives from 1983 to 1993 and was the 71st Governor of Delaware from 1993 to 2001.


title: Chris Coons

paragraphs: Christopher Andrew "Chris" Coons (born September 9, 1963) is the junior United States Senator from Delaware and a member of the Democratic Party.

paragraphs: Coons won a special election in 2010 to succeed Ted Kaufman, who had been appointed to the seat when Joe Biden resigned to become Vice President.


title: Alojz Benac

paragraphs: Alojz Benac (Plehan, Derventa, October 20, 1914 – Sarajevo, March 6, 1992). was a Bosnia-Herzegovinian archaeologist and historian.

paragraphs: He worked in the National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1947 to 1967 (in the role of Director from 1957 to 1967). He then left to assume a professorship in archaeology and ancient history in the Faculty of Philosophy of the University of Sarajevo (1968–78). He later became the founder and first Director of the Centre for Balkan Studies, within the Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ANUBiH), of which he was General Secretary from 1971 to 1977 and President from 1977 to 1981

paragraphs: Benac focused his research on prehistory within the Western Balkans, and undertook numerous systematic archaeological excavations on sites including Arnautovići (Visoko), Crvena Stijena (Montenegro), Hrustovača in Hrustovo (Sanski Most), Obre I and II (Kakanj), Zecovi (Prijedor), Zelena Pećina in Blagaj (Mostar) and others.


title: Brian Schatz

paragraphs: Brian Emanuel Schatz (pronounced ; born October 20, 1972) is an American politician. He is the senior United States Senator for Hawaii. Schatz was appointed by Governor Neil Abercrombie to replace Senator Daniel Inouye after his death in 2012.

paragraphs: Schatz served in the Hawaii House of Representatives from 1998 to 2006, where he represented the 25th Legislative District and was chairman of the Democratic Party of Hawaii from 2008 to 2010. He also worked as chief executive officer of Helping Hands Hawaii, an Oahu nonprofit social service agency.

paragraphs: Schatz ran for Lieutenant Governor of Hawaii in the 2010 Hawaii gubernatorial election as the running mate of Neil Abercrombie. He served as lieutenant governor until December 26, 2012, when Abercrombie appointed Schatz to serve out Daniel Inouye's U.S. Senate term until the 2014 special election.


title: Joe Donnelly

paragraphs: Joseph Simon "Joe" Donnelly, Sr. (born September 29, 1955) is an American politician. He was the United States Senator from Indiana. He is a member of the Democratic Party, Donnelly was in the Senate from January 3, 2013 to January 3, 2019.

paragraphs: In November 2018, Donnelly was defeated by Republican businessman Mike Braun.


title: Rasha Sharbaji (director)

paragraphs: Rasha Sharbaji (Arabic: رشا شربتجي )(born April 20 1975 in Cairo, Egypt) is a Syrian film director and producer. She directed the Egyptian television series “Sharaf Fatah Al Bab” (Sharaf Opened the Door). She also directed the series "Longing". She is the the daughter of Syrian director Hisham Sharbatji. She spent her childhood with her mother in Cairo. She worked as a kindergarten teacher in the UAE before returning to Syria to live with her father. She married cameraman Nasser Rca.

paragraphs: Rasha was an assistant to her father before directing various television series.


title: Ben Cardin

paragraphs: Benjamin Louis "Ben" Cardin (born October 5, 1943) is an American politician and member of the Democratic Party. He serves as the senior United States Senator from Maryland, in office since 2007.

paragraphs: Before his election to the Senate, Cardin, who has never lost an election, was a member of the United States House of Representatives, representing (1987-2007). He also served in the Maryland House of Delegates (1967–87), serving as Speaker (1979–87). He was the youngest Speaker in Maryland history.

paragraphs: Cardin was elected to succeed Paul Sarbanes in the 2006 U.S. Senate election, defeating Republican Michael Steele, the Lieutenant Governor of Maryland, by a margin of 54% to 44%. He was re-elected in 2012 with 55% of the vote.

paragraphs: He became the senior Senator on January 3, 2017 upon Barbara Mikulski's retirement.


title: Chris Van Hollen

paragraphs: Christopher "Chris" Van Hollen, Jr. (born January 10, 1959) is an American politician. He is the junior United States Senator from Maryland, serving since January 3, 2017. From 2003-17, he served as the U.S. Representative for . He is a member of the Democratic Party.


title: Police state

paragraphs: Police state is a country where activities of its people are controlled by the government with the help of a strong police force. Many times these governments use a secret police unit to supervise and limit their citizens' activities. Judicial review in a police state either doesn't exist or is regularly manipulated by government officials.


title: Gary Peters

paragraphs: Gary Charles Peters (born December 1, 1958) is an American politician who is the junior United States Senator from Michigan. A member of the Democratic Party, he was the U.S. Representative for from 2013 until his election to the Senate.

paragraphs: He previously represented from 2009 to 2013. Following the redrawing of congressional district boundaries after the 2010 United States Census, Peters defeated fellow Congressman Hansen Clarke in the Democratic primary and won re-election in the newly redrawn 14th District.


title: Jon Tester

paragraphs: Jonathan "Jon" Tester (born August 21, 1956) is the senior United States Senator from Montana, serving since 2007. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

paragraphs: Tester was first elected to the Senate in 2006, beating Republican incumbent Conrad Burns in one of the closest Senate races of that year. He won re-election in 2012 against Rep. Denny Rehberg in another close race.

paragraphs: Tester previously served as the president of the Montana Senate and worked as a music teacher and farmer. He became the senior Senator in 2014 when Max Baucus resigned to become U.S. ambassador to China. He is currently the dean of the Montana congressional delegation.


title: Heidi Heitkamp

paragraphs: Mary Kathryn "Heidi" Heitkamp (born October 30, 1955) is an American attorney and politician. She was the junior United States Senator from North Dakota from 2013 to 2019. She lost re-election in November 2018 to Kevin Cramer.

paragraphs: A member of the North Dakota Democratic-Nonpartisan League Party, she is the first woman elected to the US Senate from North Dakota. She served as the 28th North Dakota Attorney General from 1993 to 2001 and as State Tax Commissioner from 1989 to 1993.

paragraphs: Heitkamp ran for governor of North Dakota in 2000 and lost to Republican John Hoeven.

paragraphs: Heitkamp is North Dakota's second female senator, after Jocelyn Burdick, who was appointed to the office.

paragraphs: In December 2016, it was reported that Heitkamp was being considered for agriculture secretary by president-elect Donald Trump, but she was not officially chosen for any cabinet positions.


title: Ron Wyden

paragraphs: Ronald Lee "Ron" Wyden (born May 3, 1949) is the senior United States Senator for Oregon, serving since 1996. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He previously served in the United States House of Representatives from 1981 to 1996.


title: Mike Lee

paragraphs: Michael Shumway "Mike" Lee (born June 4, 1971) is an American politician and lawyer who is the senior United States Senator from Utah. A member of the Republican Party, Lee has served in the U.S. Senate since January 3, 2011.

paragraphs: Lee tested positive for COVID-19 on October 1, 2020.


title: Maria Cantwell

paragraphs: Maria Elaine Cantwell (born October 13, 1958) is the junior United States Senator from Washington, serving since 2001. She is a member of the Democratic Party.

paragraphs: Cantwell first served in the Washington House of Representatives from 1987 to 1993 and then in the United States House of Representatives from from 1993 to 1995, after which she worked as an executive for RealNetworks. She is Washington's second female senator, after Patty Murray. She serves as the Ranking Member on the United States Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.

paragraphs: While Democrats were in the majority, Cantwell served as Chairwoman of the Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship from 2014 to 2015 and Chairwoman of the Committee on Indian Affairs from 2013 to 2014.

paragraphs: Upon the February 2017 resignation of Jeff Sessions, Cantwell became the most senior junior Senator.


title: Florence Pendleton

paragraphs: Florence H. Pendleton (January 28, 1926 – September 10, 2020) was an American politician and activist. She was the shadow senator from the District of Columbia.

paragraphs: As the first shadow senator of the District of Columbia, her main goal was to promote the efforts of the District to gain full voting rights, alongside her counterpart in Seat 2. She was inaugurated as the first ever shadow senator on January 3, 1991. She retired in 2007.

paragraphs: Pendleton died on September 10, 2020 in Columbus, Georgia at the age of 94.


title: Michael Donald Brown

paragraphs: Michael Donald "Mike" Brown (born August 5, 1953) is a shadow senator from the District of Columbia.

paragraphs: As a shadow senator, Brown receives no pay from the government, receives no budget from the government, and cannot vote on matters before the Senate. While he does not have an office in the United States Senate, the Government of the District provides the position with an office.


title: Paul Strauss

paragraphs: Paul Eric Strauss (born April 11, 1964) is a shadow senator from the District of Columbia.

paragraphs: As one of the District of Columbia's two Shadow Senators, Strauss lobbies the U.S. Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives on behalf of the citizens of D.C. in their attempt to gain full federal representation, self-determination, and eventually admittance to the Union as the 51st state.


title: Eddy Pauwels

paragraphs: Eddy Pauwels (2 May 1935 – 6 March 2017) was a former Belgian racing cyclist from 1958 to 1966. He won 4 stages in the Tour de France and wore the yellow jersey for 4 days in total. In 1962, Pauwels won the combativity award in the Tour de France.

paragraphs: Pauwels died on 6 March 2017 in Brussels at the age of 81.


title: Ron Bass (wrestler)

paragraphs: Ronald Heard (December 21, 1948 – March 7, 2017) was a former American professional wrestler. He was best known under the name "The Outlaw" Ron Bass. His gimmick was a Texan cowboy who entered World Wrestling Federation (WWF) rings to the sound of a bullwhip.

paragraphs: In March 2017, Bass was hospitalized in Tampa, Florida due to a burst appendix and underwent surgery. He died on March 7, 2017 from complications of appendicitis-related surgery at the age of 68.


title: Syed Sajjad Ali Shah

paragraphs: Syed Sajjad Ali Shah (17 February 1933 – 7 March 2017) was a Pakistani politician and lawyer. He was the Chief Justice of Pakistan from 4 June 1994 to 2 December 1997.

paragraphs: When Dr. Nasim Hasan Shah retired as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court in 1994, Justice Saad Saud Jan should have taken his place based on seniority. Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto threw tradition overboard, when she by-passed two senior judges and appointed Sajjad Ali Shah as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.

paragraphs: Later, she was fired by President Farooq Leghari on charges of corruption and Sajjad Ali Shah along with 6 other members of the Supreme Court were fired as well.

paragraphs: Sajjad Ali Shah was born in Karachi. He studied at the University of Karachi. Sajjad Ali Shah died of pneumonia on 7 March 2017 in Karachi, aged 84.


title: Helen Sommers

paragraphs: Helen Sommers (March 29, 1932 – March 7, 2017) was an American politician. She served in the Washington House of Representatives from 1972 to 2009. She represented the 36th district, as a member of the Democratic Party. At the time of her retirement she was the state's longest serving legislator.

paragraphs: Sommers was born in Woodbury Heights, New Jersey. She studied at the University of Washington. Sommers died on March 7, 2017 in Palm Beach Gardens, Florida from natural causes, aged 84.


title: Douglas Henry

paragraphs: Douglas Henry (May 18, 1926 – March 5, 2017) was an American politician and attorney. He was the longest-serving member of the Tennessee legislature. He was a member of the Tennessee Senate, representing the 21st district (part of Davidson County) from 1971 through his retirement in 2014.

paragraphs: Henry served as a state senator beginning with his election to the 87th General Assembly, prior to which he was a member of the Tennessee House of Representatives during the 79th General Assembly.

paragraphs: Henry was a stronger supporter of education, children's welfare, and voting rights, and an opponent of abortion. He helped remove a portrait of anti-Confederate Governor William G. Brownlow and install a bust of Confederate Lieutenant General and early Ku Klux Klan member Nathan Bedford Forrest in the Tennessee State Capitol.

paragraphs: Henry was born in Nashville, Tennessee. He studied at Vanderbilt University. Henry died on March 5, 2017 in Nashville from natural causes, aged 90.


title: Lynne Stewart

paragraphs: Lynne Irene Stewart (October 8, 1939 – March 7, 2017) was an American defense attorney and convicted criminal. She was known for representing controversial, poor, and often unpopular defendants. She was convicted of helping pass messages from her client, Sheikh Omar Abdel-Rahman, an Egyptian cleric convicted of planning terror attacks, in 2005.

paragraphs: Stewart was called a "radial leftist American lawyer" by The New York Times.

paragraphs: Stewart was born in Brooklyn, New York. She was raised in Queens, New York. She studied at Wagner College and at Rutgers University in Newark, New Jersey.

paragraphs: Stewart was convicted on charges of conspiracy and providing material support to terrorists in 2005, and sentenced to 28 months in prison. Her felony conviction led to her being automatically disbarred. She was convicted of helping pass messages from her client, Sheikh Omar Abdel-Rahman, an Egyptian cleric convicted of planning terror attacks, to his followers in al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya, an organization designated as a Foreign Terrorist Organization by the United States Secretary of State.

paragraphs: She was re-sentenced on July 15, 2010, to 10 years in prison in light of her perjury at trial. She served her sentence at the Federal Medical Center, Carswell, a federal prison in Fort Worth, Texas.

paragraphs: Stewart was released from prison on December 31, 2013 on a compassionate release order because of her terminal breast cancer diagnosis.

paragraphs: Stewart died at her home in Brooklyn, New York from a stroke and complications of breast cancer, aged 77.


title: Thanjavur Taluk

paragraphs: Thanjavur Taluk is a tehsil or taluk or administrative division of the Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu, India. The headquarters of the taluk is the town of Thanjavur, which is also the district headquarters. It itself has been further divided into two revenue blocks: Budalur block and Thanjavur block.

paragraphs: According to the 2011 census, the taluk of Thanjavur had a population of 510,411 with 253,723 males and 256,688 females. There were 1012 women for every 1000 men. The taluk had a literacy rate of 78.51%. Of the children less than six years of age, 23,251 were male and 21,749 were female.


title: Kumbakonam Taluk

paragraphs: Kumbakonam taluk is a taluk of Thanjavur district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The headquarters of the taluk is the town of Kumbakonam. Big towns in this taluk are Kumbakonam, Dharasuram, Thirunageswaram, Ullur, Perumandi, Natchiyar Koil, Annalagraham, Swamimalai and Cholapuram.

paragraphs: According to the 2011 census, the taluk of Kumbakonam had a population of 435,962 with 216,186 males and 219,776 females. There were 1017 women for every 1000 men. The taluk had a literacy rate of 78.05. Child population in the age group below 6 was 20,558 Males and 19,889 Females.


title: Orathanadu Taluk

paragraphs: Orathanadu Taluk is a taluk of Thanjavur district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The headquarters of the taluk are located at Orathanadu.

paragraphs: As of the Census of India 2011, the population of Orathanadu taluk of Thanjavur district is 1,60,367 with 40,383 households.The total population constitute, 77,719 males and 82,648 females —a sex ratio of 1063 females per 1000 males. 15,597 children are in the age group of 0–6 years, of which 8,004 are boys and 7,593 are girls. The average literacy rate stands at 75.16% with 1,08,813 literates.


title: Arasalar River

paragraphs: Arasalar River is a branch river of Cauvery which split into 5 different rivers when it enters into Thanjavur district from Tiruchirapalli. At a village named Pullambadi the River Cauvery has been stopped by Lower Anaicut or the Grand Anaicut (Anaicut in Tamil means Dam in English) and from Thiruvaiyaru (the name of the town refers separation of 5 rivers) the Arasalar River separates from River Cauvery. This river enters into the Sea of Bay of Bengal at Karaikal.


title: Shah Aqeeq Baba

paragraphs: Syed Asghar Ali Shah Bukhari (c. 1432 – c. 1451) (known as Shah Yaqeeq/Aqeeq Baba) was a Suhrawardi Sufi.He lived in Sindh, Pakistan.

paragraphs: Shah Aqeeq lived from about 1432 to 1451. He is celebrated as a Suhrawardi Sufi Saint. Shah Aqeeq lived in Uch, Punjab till the age of 7 but after his father Syed Muhammad Sharifuddin Ibn Abdullah Bhukari's death he and their brothers migrated to Sindh. In Sindh Shah Aqeeq met with Mian Usaman Shah. Severals years later he became the successor of Mian Usman Shah.

paragraphs: The urs () is celebrated every year in the month of the Jumada al-awwal. The "Urs" () or anniversary of his death is celebrated in the town of "Shah Aqeeq", in Chuhar Jamali in Sujawal District, and there is a shrine to Shah Aqeeq where he is venerated as a "spiritual surgeon" and many visitors believe they are cured of disease. (In 1986, a biography was written about him by Habibu Sindhi and published by the Anjuman-i-Ghulaman-i-Mustafa).

paragraphs: Shah Aqeeq Baba is considered to be a spiritual surgeon in 'Sindh', Pakistan. People having diseases like cancer, heart / lungs / liver / brain diseases or any other diseases (even if doctors have denied) from all over the country even from outside the country come here for treatments. The treatment is followed by annunciations.Following the annunciations is considered as important and necessary.


title: Pir Baba

paragraphs: Hazrat Pir Baba (), was a Sufi saint. His real name was Syed Ali Shah Tirmizi, of the Kubrawiya(Kubrawi) Sufi Order.

paragraphs: He was probably born in AH 908 (1431 CE), in present-day Uzbekistan, was of Arabic descent, and died in AH 991 (1502 CE).


title: Thiruvalangadu

paragraphs: Thiruvalangadu is a village in the Thiruvallur district, Tamil Nadu, India.This is a village located on the western suburbs of Chennai. It is famous as a sacred site for Hindus for two reasons.

paragraphs: The population of the village as per the 2011 census is 5913. The male population is 2969. The female population is 2944.


title: Anna Nagar

paragraphs: Anna Nagar is a neighbourhood in the metropolitan city of Chennai, India. This area is named after the Tamil leader C. N. Annadurai. This area is in the north-western part of Chennai and forms a part of the Aminjikarai taluk. It is one of the prime residential areas in Chennai.One of the primary landmarks in Anna Nagar is the Anna Nagar Tower, built in 1968 as part of the World Trade Fair.

paragraphs: Anna Nagar originated as a suburban village called Naduvakkarai. It was called Mullam Village and is still referred to like that by the Land and revenue department for all official purposes.The Anna Nagar Tower is a tall tower built for the 1968 World Trade Fair, by B. S. Abdur Rahman.

paragraphs: The Anna Nagar railway station was inaugurated in the year 2003. It is on the Thirumangalam road, a road that connects Anna Nagar West with Villivakkam area of Chennai.


title: Amir Ohana

paragraphs: Amir Ohana, Hebrew: אמיר אוחנה , (born March 15, 1976 in Beer Sheba) is an Israeli politician and lawyer. Previously he worked at Shin Bet (internal intelligence agency of Israel).

paragraphs: Ohana is a Member of Knesset for Likud since 2015. He is the first openly gay MK for his party.

paragraphs: Since 2019 he had been justice minister in the Fourth Netanyahu Government, and since May 17, 2020 he has been minister of internal security in the Fifth Netanyahu Government.


title: Paper towel

paragraphs: Paper towels (or kitchen paper) is an absorbent tissue made from paper instead of cloth. Unlike cloth towels, paper towels are disposable and thrown away after use. They soak up water because they are loosely woven. This lets water travel into the paper by capillary action. The water sticks to the fibers by adhesion.

paragraphs: In 2020, scientists from the University of Leeds performed an experiment that showed that people who dried their hands with paper towels removed more viruses than people who dried their hands with jet air dryers. The study was performed in a hospital bathroom.


title: Perryville, Missouri

paragraphs: Perryville is a city in southeast Missouri. It is near the Mississippi River and the Illinois state border. Perryville is the county seat of Perry County.

paragraphs: At the 2010 census, 8,225 people were living there.


title: Ronald Drever

paragraphs: Ronald William Prest Drever (October 1931 – 7 March 2017) was a Scottish experimental physicist. He was a Professor Emeritus at the California Institute of Technology. He co-founded the LIGO project, and was a co-inventor of the Pound–Drever–Hall technique for laser stabilization. This work was important in the first detection of gravitational waves in September 2015.

paragraphs: Drever died on 7 March 2017 in Edinburgh, Scotland from complications of dementia, aged 85.


title: Juan Carlos Touriño

paragraphs: Juan Carlos Touriño (14 July 1944 – 7 March 2017) was a Spanish football defender. He won two Spanish league titles and two Spanish Cup with Real Madrid. He made one appearance for the Spanish national team.

paragraphs: Touriño died at a hospital in Buenos Aires on the night of 7 March 2017 from pancreatic disease, aged 72.


title: Horst Seehofer

paragraphs: Horst Lorenz Seehofer (born 4 July 1949 in Ingolstadt) is a German conservative politician (CSU). He was the Federal Minister for Health and Social Security from 1992 to 1998 and the Federal Minister of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection from 2005 to 2008. In October 2008 he became chairman of the CSU and Minister-President of Bavaria. In 2011/12 he served as President of the Bundesrat.


title: Fairfield, Vermont

paragraphs: Fairfield is a small town in the state of Vermont in the United States of America.


title: Samma dynasty

paragraphs: The Samma dynasty (,) was a Rajput power on the Indian Subcontinent, that ruled in Sindh, Kutch, Saurashtra "(region)" and parts of Punjab and Balochistan from 1351 to 1524 AD, with their capital at Thatta in modern Pakistan; before being replaced by the Arghun dynasty.

paragraphs: The Samma dynasty has left its mark in Sindh with magnificent structures including the necropolis of and royalties in Thatta.


title: Per-Bast

paragraphs: Per-Bast is the place where the center of cult of Bast is. Bast is a cat-goddess who is the protectress of Ra. Per-Bast is also transcribed as Bubastis; Per means house, and the second word is Bast, or Bastet, so Per Bast means "house of Bast" Per Bast was in the Nile Delta and served as the capital of the nome "Am-Khent," the 18th nome in Lower Egypt.


title: Robert D. Orr

paragraphs: Robert Dunkerson Orr (November 17, 1917 – March 10, 2004) was an American politician. He was the 45th Governor of Indiana from 1981 to 1989. He was a member of the Republican Party. He was served as United States Ambassador to Singapore from July 14, 1989 through September 12, 1992.

paragraphs: Orr was born in Ann Arbor, Michigan. He was raised in Evansville, Indiana. He studied at Yale University and at Harvard University. Orr was married to Josie Wallace from 1946 until they divorce in 2000. In 2001, he married Mary Davis. Their marriage lasted until his death in 2004.

paragraphs: Orr died in Indianapolis, Indiana from complications of kidney surgery on March 10, 2004, aged 86.


title: Ambergris

paragraphs: Ambergris is lumps of fatty compounds, secreted and expelled by the sperm whale. Because the harvesting of ambergris causes no harm to the whales, collecting it is not controversial.


title: Koyambedu

paragraphs: Koyambedu is a locality in the South Indian city of Chennai. The Koyambedu area has become a major centre of Chennai City after the inauguration of the Koyambedu market and the CMBT. Koyambedu is surrounded by localities like Vadapalani, Anna Nagar, Arumbakkam, Aminjikarai, Virugambakkam and Nerkundram.

paragraphs: Koyambedu is famous for its wholesale fruit and vegetable market, popularly called Koyambedu Market. This was established in 1996, when the city's principal wholesale fruit and vegetable market in Kothawal Chavadi had to be closed. The market is one of the largest wholesale market in Asia.


title: Keren Neubach

paragraphs: Keren Neubach, Hebrew: קרן נויבך , (born March 28, 1970) is an Israeli journalist, and television and radio presenter.

paragraphs: Neubach studied history at Tel Aviv University. She is bisexual.


title: Samayapuram

paragraphs: Samayapuram is a suburb of the city of Tiruchirappalli in Tamil Nadu, India. Formerly a separate village of its own, Samayapuram was included in the Tiruchirappalli Municipal Corporation limits in 1994. Samayapuram is located 12 kilometres north from the heart of the city on the Trichy-Chennai road. The Samayapuram Mariamman Temple, a most important place of Hindu worship is located here.


title: Thiruvallur district

paragraphs: Tiruvallur district is an administrative district in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The town of Tiruvallur is the district headquarters. The district has a mixture of urban and rural characteristics. The Eastern part of Tiruvallur district is dominated by urban characteristics while the Southern and Northern part of the district has influence of Andhra culture due to its position.

paragraphs: Tiruvallur is well known, one of the reason being the Veeraragava Temple. The new moon day is very auspicious day for the lord and so for the people of the town.ccording to 2011 census of India, Thiruvallur district had a population of 3,728,104 with a sex-ratio of 987 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.


title: Kanyakumari district

paragraphs: Kanyakumari district is the southernmost district in Tamil Nadu state and mainland India. It is the second largest district in the state in terms of population density and the second most urbanized, next only to Chennai district. The district stands first in terms of literacy rate in the state. The district headquarters is Nagercoil.


title: Havel

paragraphs: The Havel is a river in Germany. It flows through Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Brandenburg, Berlin and Saxony-Anhalt.


title: Virtual DOS machine

paragraphs: A Virtual DOS machine (VDM) permits the users of computers to run 16-bit or 32-bit DOS and 16-bit Windows programs on 32-bit computers when there already is a different operating system using the hardware.

paragraphs: Virtual DOS machines normally use the virtual 8086 mode of the Intel 80386 (or later) processor, allowing many 8086 applications to function by translating operating system commands to make applications think that they are running on an 8086. The operating system can then emulate the DOS software.

paragraphs: VDMs like Windows 3.x 386 Enhanced Mode can add support for using 16-/32-bit protected mode software if they use the DOS Protected Mode Interface (DPMI).

paragraphs: If a DOS program in a VDM needs to use a peripheral, Windows will give the DOS program a virtual device driver (VDD) which emulates the hardware using commands that the operating system it is running on can understand.

paragraphs: DOS VDMs appeared on Windows/386 2.01 in 1987 and were also in Windows 3.x, if you were using 386 Enhanced Mode as well as in 95, 98, 98 SE and Me.

paragraphs: Similar to Windows 3.x, VDMs can let you run many DOS applications at one time if you use the EMM386 /MULTI option. Digital Research / Novell was working on a similar system since 1991 under the codename "Vladivar" (originally a device driver KRNL386.SYS and not part of EMM386). It was made for the next version of DR DOS, released as Novell DOS 7 in 1994, but it was also used in their "Star Trek" project, which they stopped working on before finishing.

paragraphs: VDMs called MVDM (Multiple Virtual DOS Machine) are used in OS/2 2.0 and later. OS/2 MVDMs are better than NTVDM in many ways, for example with block devices. While the OS/2 1.x emulated DOS 3.0, 2.x emulated DOS 5.0.

paragraphs: Running Windows 3.1 applications in OS/2 looks similar to XP Mode in Windows 7, but the technologies used are very different. A "guest" VDM permits programs to use the disks of the OS/2 or NT operating system that is running the VDM. Applications in a VDM can use named pipes to talk to their "host".

paragraphs: NTVDM is included in all x86 versions of Windows made on NT, and let 16-bit Windows and 16-/32-bit DOS applications run. It is not included with 64-bit versions (see Limitations). ntvdm.exe helps emulate the APIs needed to run 16-bit DOS and Windows applications.

paragraphs: NTVDM uses NTIO.SYS and NTDOS.SYS, which runs a changed version of COMMAND.COM. The 16-bit system files are smaller versions of their MS-DOS 5.0 counterparts, including IO.SYS, MSDOS.SYS and COMMAND.COM, which remove biases with the FAT file system and can also call the 32-bit NTVDM if needed. NTDOS originally gave a DOS version of 30.00 to programs, but this soon was changed to 5.00 to let more programs to run without being changed However, there are many newer MS-DOS functions and commands added to MS-DOS versions 6.x and in Windows 9x which are not there.

paragraphs: 16-bit programs run separately within one 32-bit NTVDM process. Checking "Run in separate memory space" in the "Run" dialog box or shortcut of the program creates a new process instead. NTVDM emulates BIOS functions, the Windows 3.1 kernel, and its 16-bit API.

paragraphs: 32-bit DOS emulation is used for DPMI and using 32-bit memory. wowexec.exe is the emulator process for 16-bit Windows. Windows 2000 added Sound Blaster 2.0 emulation to 32-bit NTVDM. 16-bit and DOS virtual device drivers can't be run. Win16 programs can communicate with other parts of Windows using OLE, DDE and named pipes.

paragraphs: As virtual 8086 mode isn't available on non-x86 processors, NTVDM was a full emulator for NT on these architectures. NT 3.51 could only 80286, but since NT 4.0, 486 emulation was added.

paragraphs: In January 2010, Google security researcher Tavis Ormandy discovered a large security problem in NTVDM system letting non-Administrators to increase their permissions to the SYSTEM level. Ormandy claimed it was a problem for all x86 versions of Windows NT after 1993. 32-bit versions of NT 3.X/4.0, 2000, XP, 2003, Vista, 2008, and 7 were affected. Ormandy published how the problem works. Before Microsoft could fix it, you could turn off 16-bit application support to solve the problem, but it made so you could not run 16-bit programs. x64 Windows never had this problem because it doesn't use NTVDM. After applying the security fixes Microsoft made available, NTVDM could be turned on safely.

paragraphs: NTVDM and wowexec had limitations on Windows XP and later because of a GDI object limit per session, which might cause GDI handles to be moved two bits to the right when changing 32 to 16 bits. Handles thus could not be larger than 14 bits, so 16-bit programs with a GDI handle larger than 16384 would crash.

paragraphs: On x86-64 CPUs, virtual 8086 mode is only available as a legacy sub-mode (if running a 32-bit operating system), but not in 64-bit long mode, which is why NTVDM is not included with 64-bit versions of Windows, so 16-bit applications cannot be run on 64-bit Windows. You'll need Windows XP Mode or similar virtualization software to run 16-bit programs within a 64-bit operating system.

paragraphs: NTVDM cannot run DOS games on computers of today. Emulation is only provided for simple peripherals. For example, sound in NTVDM can be limited. Windows NT only updates the screen a few times per second when DOS programs write on it, and they can't emulate high-resolution graphics options. As software runs at the speed of the CPU, all "timing loops" stop too early. This either makes games run too fast, or causes the software to not see some emulated hardware peripherals, because it can not wait that long for an answer.


title: Imambara Zadibal

paragraphs: Imambara Zadibal is the first Imambara constructed in Kashmir Valley by Kaji Chak, minister in the regime of Sultan Mohammad in the year 1518. This Imambara was burned down and destroyed number of times.

paragraphs: One of the most ancient monuments of Kashmir, Imambara Zadibal is in the state of Jammu and Kashmir, administered by India. It lies in the Zadibal area within Srinagar to the west side of the fort. Built in 1518, this shrine was erected by Kaji Chak, who was a minister with Sultan Mohammed Shah. This two-storey building is one of the oldest historic places in Kashmir valley. Sitting on the lines of Persian architecture, this shrine looks old and it is a popular tourist spot. From 1548 AD to 1872 AD, the building was set on fire eleven times and it was rebuilt each time. Recently, the ancient Imambara was taken down in 2004 to restructure and rebuild the shrine that stands today. The shrine is large enough to hold more than 32,000 visitors at a time.

paragraphs: There are different stories about the construction of the Imambara Zadibal, but the history says Tajik Shah donated the land of the zadibal to Mir Shamshud din Iraqi, who introduced Shia Islam to Kashmir and influenced the government officials of that time.

paragraphs: Then the family of Mir Shamshud din Iraqi, whose mausoleum is only few feet away from the Imambara Zadibal, lived in the place. The fifth generation of his family built their private mosque and lived nearby well into the early twenty-first century. They set aside productive land to generate money for the upkeep of the mosque. They kept the rights of ownership to themselves but allowed their neighbors to pray there.

paragraphs: It became the main center of learning for the the followers of Ahlul bait. The elders of Markdar families would teach about religion. They also built a Hamam to use as a guest house for travelers coming from Baltistan and other distant areas. During time of Maharaja Ghulab Singh who wanted to keep all the centers under the control of his rule through his representatives (Jalalis) so that no one could revolt against him. Then a dispute broke out between Jalalis and Markdars. It went on for 150 years.

paragraphs: At the time of prime minister of Kashmir Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad, the Markdars donated the Imambara to the Shia public and later on its guardianship was taken by Shia Association. The Shia Association procured the land around the Imambara from the Markdars through several different deals, including language exchanges and cash payments. Recently, the Imambara was repaired by the late Molvi Iftikhar Hussein Ansari.

paragraphs: Inspired by the Persian style of architecture, Imambara Zadibal is a two-storey building. It is made out of oriental bricks. Its Maharaji bricks cover an area of over 75 square meters. This shrine has various sideways floor raisings called Gulam Gardish. There is a central ground level floor called Pokhr. It also has a large gallery with four gates.

paragraphs: Currently, the structure is under the supervision of All Jammu and Kashmir Shia Association, who maintain it. The structure that we see today is still undergoing construction work.

paragraphs: Shia Muslims are a minority in Kashmir. During the first 10 days of Muharram, Imambada Zadibal becomes a centre of mourning and religious gathering in Zadibal. Shia followers join in the mourning, usually ending in the festival of Ashura, when a large procession parades through the streets of Zadibal ending at Imambada Zadibal. Mourning continues from first day of Muharram to eighth of the Islamic month Rabi al Awwal, after which Eid al Zahra, also known as Eid e Shuja, is celebrated. This marks the end of the two-month mourning period.

paragraphs: Immabara Zadibal has been destroyed and rebuilt many times. From the period of Sultan Nazuk Shah by Mirza Douglat in 1548 AD to the reign of Maharaja Ranbir Singh in 1872 AD, this shine was burnt down around eleven times.

paragraphs: At the time Imambara Zadibal was constructed, it was a majestic building and people in the Kashmir Valley were proud of it. However, Mirza Hyder Kashgari Douglat set this shrine on fire in 1548 AD. Daulat Chak began rebuilding it in 1551.

paragraphs: Zafar Kupawari set Imambara Zadibal on fire for the second time in 1553. It was burned down again in 1653 by enemies of Ahlul Bayt during the reign of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan.

paragraphs: In 1682 AD, when Emperoro Aurangzeb Alamgir ruled, Imambara Zadibal was set on fire again. In 1719 AD, it was burned down for the fifth time during the Mukhtawi Khan clash. It caught fire for the sixth time in 1748 AD by enemies of Ahlul Bayt. They did so again in 1763. Imambara Zadibal caught fire again in June 1801, during Afghan rule in Kashmir, just before Ashura.

paragraphs: In July 1830, the shrine was the site of a massacre when Jammu and Kashmir were under Sikh rule. This same day, many Shias were cruelly murdered. This happened at Ali Park in Zadibal or Margibal.

paragraphs: Imambara Zadibal was rebuilt with financial help sent by a minister of Awadh's Sultan Nasr-ud-din. This grant was sent to Haji Baqir Khan Irani, who passed on the duty of rebuilding this structure to Hatim Mir.

paragraphs: In September 1872, the building was again set ablaze under the rule of Maharaja Ranbir Singh. He was a Dogra Ruler of J&K. This time, the king gave considerable financial aid of about Rs. 3 lakhs to renovate the Imambara and restore it to its current prosperous condition. Every time the shrine went through fire, followers of Prophet Mohammad and Ahlul Bayt were only more convinced to make it whole again.

paragraphs: Reaching this shrine is easy because it is close to Srinagar Highway. The Imambara is in the middle of Zadibal, and it is near the Khushal Sar Lake and Hari Parbat Fort that most people call Qilla. The nearest railway station is the Srinagar railway station. It is an hour's ride away by car. Sheikh ul Alam International Airport is only a few kilometers from the Imambara. Taxi services are also available within the city of Srinagar.


title: Windows on Windows

paragraphs: With computers, Windows on Windows (often shortened to WOW,) is a compatibility layer of x86 versions of the Microsoft Windows NT family of operating systems that allows many legacy 16-bit programs run that were made for Windows 3.x or before to run.

paragraphs: WOW allows many 16-bit Windows programs to run without changes on newer 32-bit versions of Windows. This was made to give software developers time to make their software 32-bit while people moved from Windows 3.1x to Windows 95, so the OS can be upgraded to a newer version while running most, or all of, a customer's 16-bit programs.

paragraphs: Windows 9x operating systems, which were made on top of DOS, had both 16 and 32-bit systems, so if it kept those 16-bit parts, the OS could run 16-bit software without emulation. NT-based versions are very different in how they run, so they need a more sophisticated solution. There are two main techniques to let 16-bit programs run on 32-bit versions of Windows (with some limitations) called thunking and shimming.

paragraphs: WOW "thunks" 16-bit instructions into 32-bit equivalents to permit 16-bit pointers, memory spaces, and address spaces.

paragraphs: 16-bit programs usually run in a single virtual DOS machine, sharing memory between them. However, they can be changed to run in a private, separate memory space, where every 16-bit process has a separate process. This can reduce system crashes by not letting programs interfere with others, but it can cause reduced 16-bit inter-process communication and can use more of your computer's memory.

paragraphs: WOW is a part of 32-bit editions of Windows NT. 64-bit versions of Windows (including Windows Server 2008 R2 and later where they only have 64-bit versions) can not run 16-bit software without using different emulation software (for example, DOSBox).

paragraphs: WOWEXEC.EXE on Windows NT allows WoW to work. Windows-on-Windows can, using the WIN.COM file, emulate the Windows 3.x (for NTVDM), Windows 95 and Windows 98 kernels, which can run 16-bit DOS-powered Windows applications on Windows NT.

paragraphs: Problems with applications running on newer operating systems, especially with long filenames, multiple user accounts, and least privilege, may prohibit some applications from working correctly. For example, they might incorrectly think that they can write files to any part of the file system, but NTFS file permissions exist and does not allow this in many system folders. When Microsoft was building Windows 95, they had to ensure old programs still worked with 8.3 filenames to allow old applications to keep working properly. Since Windows 95, there was a feature where both a long and short file name are kept, so older applications could still use the 8.3 filenames.

paragraphs: Programs that try to access hardware directly can't do so. Old programs may also not work if they expect certain system configuration files from DOS and Windows 9x that are not used in Windows NT operating systems, so empty versions of files like AUTOEXEC.BAT and CONFIG.SYS exist even though Windows NT does not use them.

paragraphs: Many shims exist in the application compatibility layer of later versions of Windows to capture and change API calls from old applications made with different assumptions about the operating system in mind.


title: Duenos inscription

paragraphs: The duenos inscription is a Latin text found on a piece of pottery in Rome. The pottery was dated to the sixth century BC. The text is among the oldest known texts of old Latin. It is difficult to read because the words are not separated by spaces.

paragraphs: Since the pottery, or "kernos", was found in 1880, many translations have been proposed. By 1983, more than fifty different explanations of the meaning had been put forward. Due to the lack of a large body of archaic Latin, and the method by which Romans abbreviated their inscriptions, scholars have not been able to produce a singular translation that has been accepted by historians as accurate. However thanks to Arthur E. Gordon's work the reading of the text can be now considered certain.

paragraphs: Below is the transcription and one of many possible interpretations:

paragraphs: An interpretation set out by Warmington and Eichner, renders the complete translation as follows, though not with certainty:


title: Syria Direct

paragraphs: Syria Direct is a not-for-profit news organization based in Jordan. It was started in 2013 by television news producer Amjad Tadros and the Global Peace and Development Charitable Trust. "Syria Direct" reports on the conflict in neighboring Syria, because reporting from Syria is either restricted or too dangerous.

paragraphs: "Syria Direct" publishes news reports, interviews, photographs, and videos from inside Syria. They also publish a newsletter. They do not accept advertising. Their operations are funded by the Global Peace & Development Charitable Trust.

paragraphs: "Syria Direct" is published in English and Arabic. The articles are for readers who are already

paragraphs: knowledgeable about Syria but want more detailed information. "Syria Direct" employs about 24 Syrians and Americans who talk to Syrian activists and civilians on both sides of the conflict every day by Skype. Syrian journalists write the stories in Arabic. The stories are translated to English, fact-checked and edited, then translated back to Arabic. Their website receives about 50,000 page views every month. Their Facebook page has 77,000 followers. Thousands of people follow their Twitter account.

paragraphs: "Syria Direct" also has a training program for journalists from Syria. In the past, the training program has received funding from the US Embassy Amman's Public Affairs Section, the Syria office of the Konrad Adenauer Stiftung organization, and the Canadian Embassy in Amman. Every six months they train twelve new Syrian journalists. The trainees' stories have been published in USA Today, CNN.com, Radio Free Europe, and international new organizations like Le Monde and The Toronto Globe and Mail. As of September 2016, they had trained 70 new journalists.


title: Dunn index

paragraphs: The Dunn Index (DI) is a metric for judging a clustering algorithm. A higher DI implies better clustering. It assumes that better clustering means that clusters are compact and well-separated from other clusters.

paragraphs: There are many ways to define the size of a cluster and distance between clusters.

paragraphs: The DI is equal to the minimum inter-cluster distance divided by the maximum cluster size. Note that larger inter-cluster distances (better separation) and smaller cluster sizes (more compact clusters) lead to a higher DI value.

paragraphs: Let the size of cluster C be denoted by: formula_1

paragraphs: Let the distance between clusters i and j be denoted by: formula_2


title: Alejandra Soler

paragraphs: Alejandra Soler Gilabert (July 8, 1913 – March 1, 2017) was a Spanish politician and teacher. She also worked for the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation. She was born in Valencia, Spain. She took part in the revolts against Miguel Primo de Rivera's dictature and in 1934, she became a member of the communist party.

paragraphs: Soler died on March 1, 2017 in Valencia, Spain from suspected heart failure, aged 103.


title: Dave Valentin

paragraphs: David Joseph Valentin (April 29, 1952 – March 8, 2017) was an American Latin jazz flautist. In the 1970s Valentin combined Latin music with jazz in bands with Bill O'Connell, Lincoln Goines, Richie Morales, Robby Ameen, Sammy Figueroa, and Giovanni Hidalgo. For seven years in a row he was chosen best jazz flautist by readers of "Jazziz" magazine. In 1985 he received a Grammy Award nomination. In 2003 he won a Grammy for "Caribbean Jazz Project", an album he did with Dave Samuels.

paragraphs: Valentin died from complications of a stroke and Parkinson's disease in the Bronx, at the age of 64.


title: Anthony Delhalle

paragraphs: Anthony Delhalle (11 January 1982 – 9 March 2017) was a French Grand Prix motorcycle racer. He rode a Suzuki GSX-R1000 in the FIM CEV Superbike European Championship and the Endurance FIM World Championship.

paragraphs: Delhalle died, aged 35, on 9 March 2017, after falling from his bike during a test on the Circuit Paul Armagnac near Nogaro and breaking his neck.


title: Nagapattinam district

paragraphs: Nagapattinam district is the only district in India to be discontinuous or separated into two parts. This district is located on Tamil Nadu, India. Nagapattinam district was carved out by dividing the Thanjavur district on 1991, October 19.In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Nagapattinam district one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total 640 Indian districts).

paragraphs: Nagapattinam district is one of the six districts of 32 districts in Tamil Nadu currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).According to 2011 census of India, Nagapattinam district had a population of 1,616,450 with a sex-ratio of 1,025 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.


title: Bill Leak

paragraphs: Bill Leak (born Desmond Robert Leak; 1956 – 10 March 2017) was an Australian editorial cartoonist, caricaturist and portraitist.

paragraphs: Leak was raised in Condobolin and Beacon Hill, Sydney. Leak studied at the Julian Ashton Art School in the 1970s.

paragraphs: Leak's cartoons were first published in 1983 in "The Bulletin" and after he drew for "The Sydney Morning Herald" until 1994, when he was recruited by News Limited to contribute to "The Daily-Telegraph-Mirror" and later to "The Australian".

paragraphs: On 10 March 2017, Leak died in a hospital in Gosford, New South Wales following a suspected heart attack. He was 61 years old.


title: Thoothukudi district

paragraphs: Thoothukudi District, also known as Tuticorin District is a district in Tamil Nadu state in southern India. The district was formed by dividing Tirunelveli district in 1986 and Thoothukudi is the district headquarters. The district is known for pearl cultivation. There are many pearls in the seas offshore. It was formerly ruled by one of the oldest kingdoms in India, the Pandyan Dynasty with the port of Korkai through which trade with Rome happened. The archaeological site at Adichanallur holds the remains of the ancient Tamil civilisation. As of 2011, the district had a population of 1,750,176 with a sex-ratio of 1,023 females for every 1,000 males.


title: Thoothukudi

paragraphs: Thoothukudi is a port city, a Municipal Corporation and an industrial city in Thoothukudi district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The city lies in the Coromandel Coast off Bay of Bengal. Thoothukudi is the headquarters of Thoothukudi district.According to Confederation of Indian Industry, Thoothukudi has the second highest Human Development Index in Tamil Nadu next to Chennai. Tuticorin City serves as the headquarters of Tamilnad Mercantile Bank Limited. Major educational establishments in the city include Thoothukudi Government Medical College, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Marine Training Academy, V.O.C. Arts & Science College, Government Polytechnic College, and Anna University Tuticorin Campus.Tuticorin Port is one of the Fastest growing Major Ports in India. Tuticorin is an "Emerging Energy and Industrial hub of South India".


title: Tiruvallur

paragraphs: Tiruvallur is a suburb city of Chennai and Grade I municipality in Chennai in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is located on the banks of Cooum River about northwest of Chennai (Madras), the capital city of Tamil Nadu and located near Tiruvallur district.It is well known because of the Veera Raghavar temple which is one of the 108 sacred shrines of Vaishnavites. There is a pond nearby this temple, where the tank festival is held.The neighborhood is served by Tiruvallur railway station of the Chennai Suburban Railway Network. As of 2011, the town had a population of 56,074.It is one of the fast developing suburban areas in Chennai.


title: Namakkal district

paragraphs: Namakkal District is an administrative district in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. The district was divided from Salem district with Namakkal town as Headquarters on 25-07-1996 and started to function independently from 01-01-1997. The district has seven taluks (subdivisions): Tiruchengode, Namakkal, Rasipuram, Velur, Sendamangalam, Komarapalayam, and Kolli Hills. It has two Revenue Divisions: Namakkal and Tiruchengode. As of 2011, Namakkal district had a population of 1,726,601 with a sex-ratio of 986 females for every 1,000 males.


title: Magnetic tape data storage

paragraphs: Magnetic Tape Storage is a way of storing digital information on a along strip of magnetic tape.

paragraphs: This type of storage, though outdated, is widely used as a backup storage.


title: Olfactory bulb

paragraphs: The olfactory bulb is a part of the vertebrate forebrain. It works in olfaction, or the sense of smell.

paragraphs: The olfactory bulb has one source of sensory input (axons from olfactory receptor neurons, and one output (mitral cell axons). It is thought that it functions as a filter. However, the olfactory bulb also gets "top-down" information from brain areas like the amygdala, neocortex, hippocampus, locus coeruleus, and substantia nigra.

paragraphs: Its range of functions probably include:


title: Sephardi Jews

paragraphs: Sephardi Jews, also known as Sephardic Jews or Sephardim (, , also "Y'hudey Spharad", meaning "The Jews of Spain"), are a Jewish ethnic division. They emerged as a distinct community around 1000 AD on the Iberian Peninsula. Jews established communities throughout Spain and Portugal. Then in the late 15th century, when all Jews were expelled from Spain, they migrated and set up new communities in the countries of England, the Netherlands, North Africa, Anatolia, the Levant (Eastern Mediterranean), and the Balkan countries, as well as the Americas, where they kept their traditions and religious practices. For hundreds of years and through the 20th century, Sephardi Jews have continued to speak their Judeo-Spanish language commonly called Ladino, besides the language of their place of residence.


title: Shas

paragraphs: Shas, Hebrew: ש״ס , full name: Shomrei Sfarad, Hebrew: שומרי ספרד , meaning "(Religious) guardians of the Sephardim", is an Israeli political party.

paragraphs: Its ideology is left-wing conservative, Sephardic-Mizrahic Ultra-Orthodox, and Religious Zionist.

paragraphs: Number of seats in the 23rd Knesset: 9 (/).

paragraphs: Participating in the Fifth Netanyahu Government.


title: Mizrahi Jews

paragraphs: Mizrahi Jews / "Oriental Jews" / "Mizrahim" are Jews who originally lived in the Middle East.


title: Chermignon

paragraphs: Chermignon is a former municipality in the district Sierre in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

paragraphs: On 1 January 2017 the former municipalities of Chermignon, Mollens, Montana and Randogne merged into the new municipality of Crans-Montana.


title: Bilawal Shah Noorani

paragraphs: Syed Bilawal Shah Noorani () was a mystic saint from Balochistan. Shah Noorani was the descendants of Ali Ibn Abi Talib. Noorani is considered to be a patron saint of Balochistan.

paragraphs: Noorani's shrine is popular in Balochistan, Pakistan after Hinglaj Mata Mandir.

paragraphs: His shrine is located in a narrow valley between the mountains of Khuzdar District, Balochistan

paragraphs: Shah Noorani's annual "Urs" (death anniversary celebration), held on the 10th Ramadan – the ninth month of the Muslim lunar calendar, brings more than half a million pilgrims from all over Pakistan.

paragraphs: An explosion at a Noorani's shrine in the Pakistani region of Balochistan has killed 52 people and injured more than 100 on 13 November 2016.


title: Wesel citadel

paragraphs: The Wesel citadel, German: "Zitadelle Wesel", is a citadel in the town of Wesel. It was built between 1688 and 1722. Architect was Johan de Corbin.

paragraphs: The Wesel citadel was the most important fort in Wesel.

paragraphs: Nowadays it is used for cultural purposes.


title: Tobias Kempe

paragraphs: Tobias Kempe (born June 27, 1989 in Wesel) is a German footballer. His position is midfielder and striker.

paragraphs: Kempe has started his senior career in 2008. Since 2016 he has been playing for 1. FC Nürnberg.

paragraphs: His father Thomas Kempe and his brother Dennis Kempe were/are also footballers.


title: Hla Myint

paragraphs: Hla Myint ( ; 1920 – 9 March 2017) was a Burmese economist. He was known as one of the pioneers of development of welfare economics. He worked on the importance of export-orientation as the most useful "engine of growth". He was born in Bassein, Irrawaddy Division, British Burma. Myint served as Emeritus Professor of Economics, teaching development economics, at the London School of Economics from 1966 to 1985.

paragraphs: Myint died on 9 March 2017 in Bangkok, Thailand at the age of 97.


title: Keke Rosberg

paragraphs: Keijo Erik Rosberg (; born 6 December 1948), known as "Keke", is a Finnish former racing driver and winner of the Formula One World Championship. He was the first Finnish driver to compete regularly in the series. Rosberg grew up in Oulu and Iisalmi, Finland. He is the father of retired Formula One driver and Formula One world champion Nico Rosberg.


title: Denny Hulme

paragraphs: Denis Clive "Denny" Hulme (18 June 1936 – 4 October 1992) was a New Zealand racing driver. He was born in Motueka of the South Island.

paragraphs: Hulme won the Formula One World Drivers' Championship for the Brabham team. Between his first appearance at Monaco in 1965 and his final race in the 1974 United States Grand Prix. He started 112 Grand Prix, resulting eight victories and 33 trips to the podium. He also finished third in the overall standing in 1968 and 1972.

paragraphs: Hulme died of a sudden heart attack while driving at the Bathurst 1000 in Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia. He was 56.


title: Mohamed Mijarul Quayes

paragraphs: Mohamed Mijarul Quayes (; 2 April 1960 – 11 March 2017) was a Bangladeshi diplomat. He served as Bangladesh's Ambassador to Brazil from 2014 until his death. He was the Bangladesh High Commissioner to the Court of St James's, United Kingdom from 2009 to 2014.

paragraphs: Quayes was taken to a Brasília hospital in February 2017. He later died from multiple organ failure on 11 March. He was 56.


title: Preto Hendrik

paragraphs: Simba António Castelo (born November 23, 1994, Luanda, Angola), better known by his stage name Preto Hendrik, is an African musician, of Angolan nationality, native of Luanda, member of LBA Music. began his artistic career in the year 2016, with music named "Encher a Cara", and "Fácil" with group of musicians LBA Musc in 2016.


title: Surface chemistry

paragraphs: Surface chemistry is the study of chemical reactions at surfaces and interfaces. Appreciating how molecules and atoms interact with surfaces and with each other while on surfaces is key to understanding desirable chemical reactions, such as in heterogeneous catalysis, and also those that are undesirable, such as in corrosion chemistry.


title: Purim

paragraphs: Purim, Hebrew: פורים , meaning "allotment", is a Jewish cheerful feast in memory of the liberation of the Jewish people during their stay in ancient Persia.

paragraphs: The origins of Purim are to be found in the Book of Esther.

paragraphs: It is celebrated on the 14th of Adar (in Jerusalem on the 15th of Adar).


title: Gif-sur-Yvette

paragraphs: Gif-sur-Yvette is a commune in the southwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is from the center of Paris.


title: Tennis court

paragraphs: A tennis court is a court used to play tennis. It's a square with a net across the middle. During a tennis match there can be both one player (single) or two players (double) on both half. The surface can be made of both grass, clay or hardcourt.

paragraphs: These dimensions are set as the standard for lawn tennis by the International Tennis Federation and written down in the 'Rules of Tennis' document.

paragraphs: The Tennis court is 78 feet (23.77 meters) long. Its width is 27 feet (8.23 meters) for singles matches and 36 feet (10.97 meters) for doubles matches. The service line is 21 feet (6.40 meters) from the net.

paragraphs: Clay Court is primarily made with stone, brick and crushed shale. The tennis ball on the clay court has the interesting feature of digging into the dirt. The clay court is the cheapest court to construct but is also is the court that requires the most maintenance. The water content should be balanced and the courts have to be rolled often to maintain flattened form.

paragraphs: Grass Courts are the fastest courts. Before the open era most games were played in grass courts. Over time, the maintenance and cost have made it less popular. Grass courts are made by growing grass in hard packed soil. This can create many micro-variations in the surface type.

paragraphs: Carpet Courts are rollable court surfaces. They are characterized by their low bounce and fast surface compared to hard courts. Carpet courts went out of fashion in the late 20th century and have been discontinued from the world tour.

paragraphs: Hard Courts are by far the most popular surfaces, primarily due to the one-time investment and minimum maintenance. The courts are made up of uniform rigid material, often covered with an acrylic surface layer to offer greater consistency of bounce than other outdoor surfaces. Hard courts generally vary in speed, being slower than grass courts but faster than clay.


title: Vézère

paragraphs: The Vézère () is a river of southwestern France that flows through the Corrèze and Dordogne, in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. It is a right tributary of the Dordogne river.

paragraphs: The valley of the Vézère river is known for its prehistoric cave systems, with numerous cave paintings. UNESCO collectively designated these as a World Heritage Site in 1979.

paragraphs: The Vézère has a length of , and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .

paragraphs: Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is at Campagne in the Dordogne department.

paragraphs: Average monthly discharge (m/s) at Campagne (1968-2017)

paragraphs: The Vézère starts in the "Plateau de Millevaches", part of the Massif Central, in the "commune" of Meymac, Corrèze department, at an elevation of about .

paragraphs: It flows generally southwest through the Corrèze and Dordogne departments before flowing into the Dordogne river in Limeuil at about of altitude.

paragraphs: The Vézère flows through 1 region, 2 departments and 53 "communes". The main "communes" are:

paragraphs: The main tributaries (more than 20 km long) of the Vézère river are:


title: AlphaBay

paragraphs: AlphaBay Market was an online darknet marketplace operating on the Tor network. It was shut down by the FBI and the United States Department of Justice on July 2017.

paragraphs: It started in November 2014 and officially launched on December 22, 2014. It had 14,000 new users in the first 90 days of its operation. The darknet informer website Gwern.net placed AlphaBay Market in the top tier of markets regarding the 6-month survival probability, and it has proven to be successful. In October 2015, it was recognized as the largest online darknet market according to Dan Palumbo, research director at Digital Citizens Alliance.


title: Robert James Waller

paragraphs: Robert James Waller (August 1, 1939 – March 10, 2017) was an American author. He was best known for "The Bridges of Madison County", a very successful book in 1993. He was also a photographer and musician.

paragraphs: Waller died on March 10, 2017, at his home in Fredericksburg, Texas. He was 77 and had been battling multiple myeloma.


title: Ángel Parra

paragraphs: Luis Ángel Cereceda Parra (27 June 1943 – 11 March 2017) was a Chilean singer and songwriter. He was born in Valparaíso, Chile. He traveled abroad helping to maintain the Nueva Canción tradition in Chilean expatriate communities in Europe, North America, and Australia. He was known for producing his second album, "Oratorio para el pueblo", which was about his love for Chile.

paragraphs: Parra died of lung cancer in Paris, France on 11 March 2017, aged 73.


title: Calypso music

paragraphs: Calypso music is an Afro-Caribbean style music. It started in the early 20th century in Trinidad and Tobago. Calypso drew upon African and French influences. It became the voice of the people.

paragraphs: Trumpet, trombone, flute and clarinet are just a few of the instruments used.


title: Robin Bengtsson

paragraphs: Robin Bengtsson (born 27 April 1990 in Svenljunga, Sweden) is a Swedish singer who took part in Swedish Idol 2008. He represented Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 2017 in Kiev, Ukraine.


title: Gido Kokars

paragraphs: Gido Kokars (16 August 1921 – 10 March 2017) was a Latvian conductor. He was the twin brother of Imants Kokars, who was also a renowned conductor. He was born in Gulbene, Latvia. His career began in 1951.

paragraphs: In 1951, he graduated from a music school in Cesis. In 1956, he conducted at the Latvian Conservatory choir conducting class. During the period from 1951 to 1958, he was the Riga Pedagogical Institute music teacher. He conducted at the Institute of the mixed choir "Daina". Later, Kokars conducted Riga radiorūpnīca (RRR) men's choir "Auseklis" folk choir "Daile", Bauska District Teachers Choir "Daina", chamber choir "Ave Sol" (was it an artist and director). Several Latvian Song and Dance Festival conductor.

paragraphs: Kokars died on 10 March 2017 in Riga, Latvia, aged 95.


title: András Kovács

paragraphs: András Kovács (20 June 1925 – 11 March 2017) was a Hungarian movie director and screenwriter. He directed 30 movies between 1961 and 1996.

paragraphs: His 1968 movie "The Lost Generation" was entered into the 6th Moscow International Film Festival. His 1978 movie "A ménesgazda" was entered into the 29th Berlin International Film Festival.

paragraphs: His 1981 movie "Temporary Paradise" won the Silver Prize at the 12th Moscow International Film Festival. His 1985 movie "The Red Countess" was entered into the 14th Moscow International Film Festival.

paragraphs: Kovács was also a member of the jury at the 5th Moscow International Film Festival in 1967 and the 1976 Cannes Film Festival.

paragraphs: Kovács died in Budapest, Hungary on 11 March 2017, aged 91.


title: Richard Wagamese

paragraphs: Richard Wagamese (1955 – March 10, 2017) was a Canadian author and journalist. He was best known for his 2012 novel "Indian Horse", which won the Burt Award for First Nations, Métis and Inuit Literature in 2013 and was a competing title in the 2013 edition of "Canada Reads".

paragraphs: Wagamese died on march 10, 2017 at the age of either 61 or 62 in Kamloops, British Columbia.


title: Aníbal Ruiz

paragraphs: Aníbal Ruiz Leites (30 December 1942 – 10 March 2017) was an Uruguayan association football coach.

paragraphs: His last club charging was Universidad San Martín in Peru. His best coaching highlights were included winning the Supercopa Sudamericana with Olimpia Asunción in 1991 and leading the Paraguayan national football team to the 2006 World Cup.

paragraphs: He was well known for his defensive and ordered style of coaching that led him to the South American Coach of the Year award in 2005. He is commonly known by his nickname, Maño.

paragraphs: On March 10, 2017, while serving as assistant manager to lead manager José Cardozo at Puebla, Ruiz collapsed on the pitch of the Luis "Pirata" Fuente Stadium in Veracruz while the team was warming up. Ruiz later died as a result of a heart attack on the way to a local hospital.


title: Tommy John

paragraphs: Tommy John is a former pitcher in Major League Baseball. His 288 career victories rank as the seventh highest total among left-handed pitchers in Major League histor.