title: Hand grenade

paragraphs: A hand grenade is a small explosive device that is thrown at a target. It can be used as a weapon against an enemy soldier or vehicle. The most common type of grenade is the fragmentation grenade. Fragmentation grenades send out lots of very fast, very small fragments when they explode. Hand granades are usually thrown, and explode soon after that. Some specially designed grenades are fired from rifles or specially made grenade launchers. There are grenades which contain tear gas. These are used to control riots.

paragraphs: Hand grenades are used by the infantry. There are three main types: one which gives a big powerful blast to destroy bunkers, another which starts fires and another which contains shrapnel to hurt enemy soldiers. Most grenades are shaped like an egg, with a metal-arm on its top and a ring. When the ring is pulled out, the arm flips up and ignites a fuse. The user then has a few seconds to throw it and take cover, usually about 5 seconds. It explodes on impact and may injure or even kill people.

paragraphs: Early grenades were iron balls, filled with gunpowder and with a long fuse that its user must light up with a match before throwing. Some were too big to throw, so soldiers rolled them. Some armies assigned special soldiers called "grenadiers" to throw or roll grenades.

paragraphs: Grenades in the early 20th century exploded on contact. This was changed during World War I to time fuses. The German army used stick grenades (grenades with handles) during World War I and World War II. The Soviet Army used different grenades for attack and defense.


title: Diphtheria

paragraphs: Diphtheria (pronounced "diff-THEER-ee-uh") is an infectious disease caused by a bacterium called "Corynebacterium diphtheriae". It can be treated by special drugs, or by antibiotics. There is a vaccine which can prevent diphtheria.

paragraphs: Diphtheria can cause serious problems, like:

paragraphs: Signs and symptoms of diphtheria usually begin two to five days after a person gets infected. They may include:

paragraphs: In some people, infection with diphtheria-causing bacteria causes only a mild illness. These people may have no obvious signs or symptoms. Infected people who do not know they have diphtheria are called "carriers" of diphtheria, because they can spread the infection without being sick themselves.

paragraphs: A second type of diphtheria can affect the skin. This type of diphtheria is called "cutaneous diphtheria". It causes pain, redness, and swelling on the skin, like other bacterial skin infections. People with cutaneous diphtheria may get ulcers, covered by a gray membrane, on their skin.

paragraphs: Cutaneous diphtheria is more common in tropical climates. However, cutaneous diphtheria also happens in the United States, especially among people with poor hygiene who live in crowded conditions.


title: Complication

paragraphs: In medicine, people talk about complications if a disease or condition a patient has gets worse. This makes it more difficult (or more complicated, that is where the word is from) to treat.


Ford Escort


title: Ford Escort (North America)

paragraphs: The North American Ford Escort was a car produced by Ford Motor Company from 1981 through 2002. Its successor, the Focus, was released in 2000.


title: Exempli gratia

paragraphs: Exempli gratia is a linking word, mostly known in English-speaking countries by its abbreviation e.g., means "for example" in Latin.

paragraphs: The literal translation is "for the sake of example". Gratia means "for the sake of" and is used with the genitive case. Exempli is the genitive singular form of exemplum meaning example.

paragraphs: "Exempli gratia" is sometimes confused with "id est" ("i.e.")." Id est" means "that is (to say)" in the sense of "that means", or "which means", or "in other words", or sometimes "in this case".


title: Postal codes in France

paragraphs: The French postal code format is F- (or FR-) 99999. The first two digits give the département number. In Paris, Lyon and Marseille, the last two digits of the postal code shows the arrondissement. These codes are also used by French overseas departments and territories, except for French Southern and Antarctic Territories and Clipperton Island. Monaco is also part of the French postal code system. The country code MC- is used for Monegasque addresses.


title: Opelika, Alabama

paragraphs: Opelika is a city in and the county seat of Lee County in the east central part of the U.S. state of Alabama. It is a principal city, along with Auburn, in the Auburn-Opelika, Alabama Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). According to 2005 Census estimates, the population of Opelika is 23,804.

paragraphs: Robert L. Howard Medal of Honor recipient of the Vietnam War.


title: Ricky Banderas

paragraphs: Gilbert Cosme (born May 25, 1976) is a Puerto Rican professional wrestler. He is better known by his ring names El Mesías and Ricky Banderas. Cosme began his career in the International Wrestling Association in Puerto Rico. While performing in the company, he won the IWA World Heavyweight Championship five times. He also held minor championships on fifteen times. Cosme left the company in 2006.

paragraphs: On March 12, 2006 he started wrestling in Asistencia Asesoría y Administración in Mexico as a character named Muerte Cibernetica. In November 2006, Cosme was involved in the tapings of the Wrestling Society X television series. He was the second and last wrestler to win the WSX Championship. Cosme returned to Puerto Rico and wrestled again with International Wrestling Association for a month. He then returned to Asistencia Asesoría y Administración in a special event presented by the company. At this time, he started using the name Mesias. In September 2007, the company held a tournament where all of the champions and first contenders wrestled. In the tournament, he won the GPCW Super-X Monster Championship and IWC World Heavyweight Championship. In the final match of the tournament, he became the first wrestler to win the AAA World Heavyweight Championship. While working in Mexico, Cosme signed a contract with Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) where he started wrestling on September 13, 2007 as Judas Mesias. Cosme wrestled for TNA until March 2008. He is currently wrestling in Lucha Underground under his ring name Mil Muertes. He debuted for Lucha Underground on the episode, which aired on November 6, 2014.


title: High Wycombe

paragraphs: High Wycombe is a large town in south Buckinghamshire. It has a population of about 92,300 people. The town is the second largest town in Buckinghamshire after Milton Keynes. High Wycombe is the central hub for south Buckinghamshire and parts of Berkshire, Oxfordshire and Hertfordshire. It has central bus and railway stations with services to London and Birmingham, England's two largest cities. It is also a shopping area. It has one of the largest shopping centres in England. The town is in the Chilterns, an area of natural beauty. This makes it a tourist location. It has a museum, a regional theatre, a tourist information centre and two National Trust properties within three miles of the town centre. It is also a sporting venue. The venue has a large football stadium and one of few olympic size swimming pools in the United Kingdom. The town has some colleges that offer quality education and several well-regarded grammar schools as well as Wycombe Abbey, a famous private girls school. Some of the top-rated colleges in High Wycombe are Highcrest Academy, Amersham & Wycombe College, and Royal Grammar School.

paragraphs: Notable residents past and present include:


title: Taylor

paragraphs: Taylor is an English surname. It means "tailor". It may also mean Taylor, the given name.


title: Jock Sturges

paragraphs: Jock Sturges (born 1947) is an American photographer. He is most well known for taking photographs of young people, often in the nude. His work on the nude beaches in France and California has been the subject of disputes.

paragraphs: Sturges was born in New York City. He got his degree in photography at Marlboro College. Sturges caused dispute, as his work is mostly young girls and boys photographed in the nude. In April 1990, he was raided and arrested by the FBI, but the case was thrown out by the Grand Jury, because his photographs were of naturism rather than pornography.


title: Pakistani rupee

paragraphs: The rupee (sign: ₨; code: PKR) is the currency of Pakistan. The issuance of the currency is controlled by the State bank of Pakistan. The most commonly used symbol for the rupee is Rs, used on receipts when purchasing goods and services. In Pakistan, the rupee is referred to as the "rupees", "rupaya" or "rupaye". As standard in Pakistani English, large values of rupees are counted in terms of thousands, lakh (100 thousand, in digits 1,00,000) and crore (10 million, in digits 1,00,00,000).


title: Golden Crescent

paragraphs: The Golden Crescent is the name given to one of Asia's two principal areas of illicit opium production, in South-central Asia and Western Asia. This space overlaps three nations, Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan, whose mountainous border areas define the crescent.


title: French Beach, Karachi

paragraphs: French Beach of Karachi is a small fishing village. It is half way between Hawkes Bay and Paradise Point. The local people call it "Haji Abdullah Goth". It is surrounded by a boundary wall. It has 20 huts for rent. The village does not have running water or electric power. Its rocky beach and clear waters are ideal for snorkeling and scuba diving. Visitors must bring their own equipment as well as food and drink supplies.


title: Westminster School

paragraphs: The Royal College of St. Peter in Westminster, almost always known as Westminster School, is one of Britain's leading private schools. It has the highest number of students going to Oxford or Cambridge Universities of any secondary school or college (49.9%). It had the best GCSE results in 2013, with 98.16% of entries getting A* or A grades.

paragraphs: The school is near to Westminster Abbey in central London. It existed before the 12th century. The school's notable ex-students include Nick Clegg, Ben Jonson, Robert Hooke, Christopher Wren, Jeremy Bentham, and A. A. Milne. Boys enter the Westminster Under School when they are seven years old. They go to the main school when they are thirteen. Girls are allowed only at sixteen. The school has about 750 students. About a third are boarders (who live in the school). Most of the boarders go home for the weekends, after Saturday morning school. The school has eleven houses.

paragraphs: The school made Harris Westminster Sixth Form, a sixth form free school, with the Harris Federation in 2013. It opens in September 2014. It will give preference to applying students from poor backgrounds.


title: Depression (mood)

paragraphs: Depression is a state of low mood and not wanting to do anything. It can change what a person thinks, does, feels, and sense of well-being. It may lead to being sad, make it harder to think and a large change in appetite and time spent sleeping. People who have depression may feel no hope and, sometimes, thoughts of suicide. It can either be short term or long term. The main symptom of depression is said to be anhedonia, which means losing of interest in things that usually make people happy. Depressed mood is a symptom of some mood disorders such as major depressive disorder or dysthymia; it is a normal reaction to life events, such as losing a loved one; and it is also caused by some physical diseases and a side effect of some drugs and medical treatments.


title: Gadani Beach

paragraphs: Gadani Beach is a beach on the Arabian Sea. It is near the Hub River and Cape Monze in Gadani, Lasbela District, Baluchistan, Pakistan.

paragraphs: Many ships have been broken up for scrap at Gadani Beach, including the SS "Canberra" in 1997.


title: Sandspit Beach

paragraphs: Sandspit Beach is a beach southwest of Karachi, Pakistan. It is a famous tourist spot. The sea at Sandspit is calm and quiet from October to March but it is rough during the monsoon season. A variety of marine life (algae and crabs) is found there. The shallow water here is good for swimming and sunbathing. It has an unusual rocky formation. Sandspit beach is a popular relaxation spot in Karachi. Facilities at the Sandspit Beach include horseback and camel riding.


title: Hawke's Bay (Karachi)

paragraphs: Hawksbay Town or Hawksbay Housing Scheme No.42 is in Keamari Town in Karachi, Sindh, in Pakistan. Hawke's Bay Town was notified in July 1984 by Karachi Development Authority.


title: Paradise Point

paragraphs: Paradise Point is a beach in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Paradise Point is a sandstone rock promontory with a natural arch.

paragraphs: The beach has attractions for families and tourists, including beachside horse and camel rides, amusement parks, restaurants, and swimming in the Arabian Sea.

paragraphs: Other beaches close to the city include Sandspit Beach, Hawke's Bay, and Clifton beach.


title: Dave Baksh

paragraphs: David Nizaam "Brownsound" Baksh (born 26 July, 1980 in Ajax, Ontario) is a Canadian guitarist, singer and producer of Guyanese descent, best known as the former guitarist of successful pop punk band Sum 41, but has since became a singer/guitarist in his own heavy metal/reggae project Brown Brigade.


title: Half Hour of Power

paragraphs: Half Hour of Power is Sum 41's debut EP. Despite its title, there is only 24 minutes of music on it. It was released on June 27, 2000 on Big Rig Records, a subsidiary of Island Records (US), and Aquarius Records (Canada).


title: William Tecumseh Sherman

paragraphs: William Tecumseh Sherman (February 8, 1820 – February 14, 1891) was an American soldier, businessman, educator, and author. Before the Civil War, he fought in the Mexican-American War and was the head of Louisiana State University. He served as a General in the Union Army during the American Civil War (1861–65). While general, he led the Atlanta Campaign and burned the city. Sherman's March to the Sea later devastated Georgia and burned Savannah. After the Civil War, he was in charge of all the Union Armies. He was urged several times to run for President of the United States, but declined to run each time.

paragraphs: William Tecumstain Sherman was an American porno actor in which he made several films like Star Wars: The Cum Wars, and My Stepsis is hot.


title: Mathew Brady

paragraphs: Mathew B. Brady (1822 – January 15, 1896) was one of the most celebrated 19th century American photographers, best known for his portraits of celebrities and the documentation of the American Civil War. He is credited with being the father of photojournalism.


title: Monieux

paragraphs: Monieux is a commune of 250 people (1999). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


title: Monteux

paragraphs: Monteux is a commune of 9,564 people (1999). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


title: Morières-lès-Avignon

paragraphs: Morières-lès-Avignon is a commune of 6,535 people (1999). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


title: Mormoiron

paragraphs: Mormoiron is a commune of 1,562 people (1999). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


title: Mornas

paragraphs: Mornas is a commune of 2,209 people (1999). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


title: La Motte-d'Aigues

paragraphs: La Motte-d'Aigues is a commune of 1,328 people (2008). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


title: Murs, Vaucluse

paragraphs: Murs is a commune of 415 people (1999). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


title: Oppède

paragraphs: Oppède is a commune of 1,226 people (1999). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


title: Orange, Vaucluse

paragraphs: Orange is a commune of 29,000 people (2005). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


title: Pernes-les-Fontaines

paragraphs: Pernes-les-Fontaines is a commune of 10,170 people (1999). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


title: Pertuis

paragraphs: Pertuis is a commune of 18,906 people (2006). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


title: Peypin-d'Aigues

paragraphs: Peypin-d'Aigues is a commune of 586 people (2006). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


title: Piolenc

paragraphs: Piolenc is a commune of 4,445 people (2005). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


title: Le Pontet, Vaucluse

paragraphs: Le Pontet is a commune of 15,594 people (1999). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


title: Puget

paragraphs: Puget is a commune of 589 people (1999). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


title: Puyméras

paragraphs: Puyméras is a commune of 610 people (1999). It is in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


title: Puyvert

paragraphs: Puyvert is a commune of 541 people (1999). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


title: Rasteau

paragraphs: Rasteau is a commune in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in south France.


title: Richerenches

paragraphs: Richerenches is a commune of 616 people (1999). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department. This in the south of France.


title: Roaix

paragraphs: Roaix is a commune of 587 people (1999). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


title: Robion

paragraphs: Robion is a commune of 3,844 people (1999). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


title: La Roque-Alric

paragraphs: La Roque-Alric is a commune of 54 people (1999). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


title: La Roque-sur-Pernes

paragraphs: La Roque-sur-Pernes is a commune of 447 people (1999). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


title: Roussillon, Vaucluse

paragraphs: Roussillon is a commune of 1,161 people (1999). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France. It was elected "one of the prettiest villages in France" ("un des plus beau villages de France")


title: Rustrel

paragraphs: Rustrel is a commune of 614 people (1999). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.


title: Hershey–Chase experiment

paragraphs: The Hershey–Chase experiments were a series of experiments started in 1952 by Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase.

paragraphs: These experiments were to confirm that DNA was the genetic material in living things, which had previously been discovered by the Swiss physician Friedrich Miescher in his experiments on white blood cells, or leukocytes, between 1868 and 69. Hershey shared the 1969 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his “discoveries concerning the genetic structure of viruses.”

paragraphs: Hershey and Chase used T2 phage, a bacteriophage. The phage infects a bacterium by attaching to it and injecting its genetic material into it.

paragraphs: They labeled the phage DNA with radioactive Phosphorus-32. They then followed the phages while they infected E. coli. They found that the radioactive element left on the phage's DNA was only in the bacterium, and not in the phage, meaning that the DNA had entered the bacterium.

paragraphs: In a second experiment, Hershey and Chase put labels on the phage protein with radioactive Sulfur-35. After the phage was attached to the bacterium, the radioactive element was found in the phage, but not in the bacterium. This means that the phage's proteins stayed on the outside of the bacterium. These results showed Hershey and Chase that the genetic material that infects the bacteria is DNA.


title: Samos City

paragraphs: Samos City is the capital of the Greek island Samos. It is in the northeast of the island. Samos City has about 6,000 people. The old town of Samos city is named Vathy. Vathy is beside Samos and it is jointed with it. It is a traditional small town with traditional houses and narrow paths. Vathy has about 2,000 people.


title: Amfissa

paragraphs: Amfissa is a Greek city. It is in the center of Greece, at the foot of Parnassos mountain. Near Amfissa is Delfi. According to the 2001 census, 6,947 lived there. During the Middle Ages it was named Salona, but today is named with its ancient name, Amfissa. Amfissa is an agriculturist city. The main financial source in Amfissa is olive oil. Oil-tree is the main cultivation in district of Amfissa. The most interest sight in the town is the ancient castle above town.


title: Tann, Hesse

paragraphs: Tann is a town in the district of Fulda, in Hesse, Germany. It is in the Rhön Mountains, 27 km northeast of Fulda. It is an accredited Spa town at the Ulster River.


title: Antlion

paragraphs: Antlion are a family of insects in the order Neuroptera with the scientific name Myrmeleontidae (sometimes misspelled as "Myrmeleonidae") most well-known genus is "Myrmeleo". There are about 2,000 species.

paragraphs: Most people know this insect because of the funnel-shaped pit, up to 2 inches in diameter and depth, produced by the larval stages of this insect to trap ants. Larvae have globular abdomens and narrower, flattened heads bearing sickle-shaped jaws. Adults superficially resemble drab-colored, 1 ½ inch long damselflies with four long, narrow, net-veined wings roof-like held over a long, skinny abdomen when at rest. Unlike damselflies, however, ant-lion antennae are prominent and clubbed at the end.

paragraphs: Antlions burrow in the ground, forming a pit for prey to fall into. The pit is angled so that the sides of the pit crumble when the victim tries to climb out. After being swallowed by the antlion, the victim is kept alive and slowly digested over 1,000 years, where they will fund a new definition of pain and suffering. The prey is restrained by tentacles in the stomach to prevent it from escaping.


title: Body image

paragraphs: Body image refers to the perceptions of a human's own physical appearance. It can also refer to the internal sense of having a body which is interpreted by the brain.

paragraphs: A 2007 report by the "American Psychological Association" found that a culture-wide sexualization of girls (and women) was contributing to increased female anxiety associated with body image. The study found that women are more worried about their body image than men, though the last pioneered the culture of bodybuilding.


title: Heraclion

paragraphs: Heraclion is the biggest city of Crete. 132,000 lived there in 2001 census. Heraclion is in the north of Crete. It is near Knossos, the ancient capital of Crete and the center of Minoan civilization. Heraclion has a big harbor which it connects Heraclion with continental Greece. Heraclion has a hot summer Mediterranean climate.

paragraphs: The most interesting sight in Heraclion is the Venetian square with a marble fountain. Venice ruled Heraclion from the 13th to 16th century. There are still many important monuments from this time. The medieval fort in the town is another important sight. The fort was built by Arabians, Byzantines, and Venetians while each group ruled the city.


title: Volos

paragraphs: Volos is a Greek city. It is in the center of Greece, in the district of Thessalia. 85,000 people live in the city. There are over 115,000 people in the city and its suburbs. The major suburb of Volos is Nea Ionia which is in the northwest of Volos. Volos is next to Pilio mountain. It is a coastal city and has a big harbor. Volos's harbor connects Volos with the Sporades Islands and other places. Near Volos are the ancient Greek towns, Iolkos, Dimitrias and Pagases. Volos is at the same place as Pagases. The hero Jason was from Iolkos. Today Volos is an industrial town.


title: Chalkida

paragraphs: Chalkida (or Chalkis) is a Greek town. Its population is 55,264 inhabitants according to the 2001 census. Chalkida is located to the north of Athens, on Euboea island. It is at the point where the Euboea is nearest to mainland Greece. At this point is the Eyripous narrow, a sea narrow, where there is a tidal phenomenon.

paragraphs: During antiquity, Chalkida was an important town. Its people were Ionian, an ancient Greek race. Chalkida had founded many colonies. Most of them were in south Italy. The Latin alphabet is an evolution of the ancient Chalkidian alphabet. During the Middle Ages Chalkida was an unimportant city. During the Lombardian knights' rule, Chalkida was developed again. Today Chalkida is an industrial town.


Act


title: Tuskegee, Alabama

paragraphs: Tuskegee is a city in Macon County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census the population was 11,846 and is designated a Micropolitan Statistical Area. It has been the site of major African-American achievements for more than 100 years. It is where, in 1881, Lewis Adams founded the Tuskegee Normal School for Colored Teachers, which later became Tuskegee Institute and then Tuskegee University, with the mission of educating a newly freed people for self-sufficiency, and was the birthplace of Rosa Louise Parks in 1913. Today it remains a center for African-American education and became a part of the National Parks System in 1974. One of the most famous teachers at Tuskegee was George Washington Carver, whose name is linked to new forms of research into Southern farming method and crops. Tuskegee and Tuskegee Institute were also home to the famed Tuskegee Airmen, the first squadron of African-American pilots in the U.S. Military. The city is the county seat of Macon County, and is known as the home of Tuskegee University "The Pride of the Swift Growing South".


title: Tuscumbia, Alabama

paragraphs: Tuscumbia is a city in and the county seat of Colbert County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census, the population was 7,856 and is included in The Shoals MSA. Tuscumbia is the hometown of Helen Keller and the location of the Alabama Music Hall of Fame.


title: Tuscaloosa County, Alabama

paragraphs: Tuscaloosa County is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama. It was named in honor of the Choctaw chief Tuskaloosa. In 2007, the population was recorded as 171,159.


title: Trussville, Alabama

paragraphs: Trussville is a city and suburb of Birmingham in Jefferson and St. Clair Counties in the U.S. state of Alabama. At the 2000 census the population was 12,924, though the 2006 estimate puts the population at 17,796.


title: Thomasville, Alabama

paragraphs: Thomasville is a city in Clarke County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census the population was 4,649. It is notable as the childhood hometown of author and storyteller Kathryn Tucker Windham, who refers to it often in her storytelling.


title: Tarrant, Alabama

paragraphs: Tarrant is a city in Jefferson County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census the population was 7,022.


title: Tallassee, Alabama

paragraphs: Tallassee is a city in the U.S. state of Alabama. It is in both

paragraphs: Elmore County and Tallapoosa County. At the 2000 census, the population was 4,934. It is home to a major hydroelectric power plant at Thurlow Dam operated by Alabama Power Company.


title: Talladega, Alabama

paragraphs: Talladega (locally, ) is a city in Talladega County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census the population was 15,143. The city is the county seat of Talladega County. Talladega is about 50 miles east of Birmingham, Alabama.


title: Troy, Alabama

paragraphs: Troy is a city in Pike County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census the population was 13,935. A new census estimate documented in the July 18, 2008, edition of the Dothan Eagle newspaper, lists Troy's population as 14,482. The city is the county seat of Pike County. It is home to Troy University (formerly Troy State University).


title: Dadeville, Alabama

paragraphs: Dadeville is a city in Tallapoosa County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census the population was 3,212. The city is the county seat of Tallapoosa County.


Tuskegee


title: Daleville, Alabama

paragraphs: Daleville is a city in Dale County of Alabama in the United States. At the 2000 census, 4,653 people lived there. It is part of the Enterprise–Ozark Micropolitan Statistical Area. The city's nickname is "Gateway to Fort Rucker", as this U.S. Army post is just north of town. Cairns Army Airfield is to the south of Daleville on the road to nearly Clayhatchee.


title: Daphne, Alabama

paragraphs: Daphne is a city in Baldwin County, Alabama, USA on the eastern shoreline of Mobile Bay. The city is located just off I-10, 11 miles east of Mobile, Alabama and 150 miles southwest of Montgomery the State Capital. The 2000 census lists the population of the city as 16,581 making Daphne the most populous city in Baldwin County.


title: Delmar, Alabama

paragraphs: Delmar is a small, rural, unincorporated community in west-central Winston County, United States. Delmar is located six miles north of Natural Bridge five miles south of Haleyville and 15 miles west of Double Springs, the county seat of what was once the "Free State of Winston." Delmar has an elevation of 881 feet above sea level.


title: Dora, Alabama

paragraphs: Dora is a city in Walker County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census the population was 2,413. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 7.5 square miles (19.5 km²), all of it land.


title: Demopolis, Alabama

paragraphs: Demopolis is the largest city in Marengo County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census the population was 7,540.


title: Juan Garcia Oliver

paragraphs: Juan García Oliver (1901, Reus, Tarragona Province–1980) was a Spanish Anarcho-syndicalist revolutionary, and an important person in the Anarchism in Spain.


title: Don McLean

paragraphs: Don McLean (born October 2, 1945) is an American singer and songwriter. He is most well known for the songs "American Pie" and "Vincent".

paragraphs: In his early career, Don McLean mainly played folk music. He sang folk songs and played simple chords with acoustic guitar and harmonica. In 1969, Don Mclean joined folk singer Pete Seeger in the environment campaign. They gave talks and playing concerts to help people know some of the problems with the environment. Also in the same year, Don McLean released his first album "Tapestry". This album was not very successful. McLean continued to perform in many small places.

paragraphs: In 1971, Don Mclean released an 8-minute-long song named "American Pie". The song was dedicated to Don McLean’s music hero Buddy Holly. Much of the song was about the deaths of Holly, Richie Valens and J.P. Richardson ("The Big Bopper") in 1959. It also dealt with many important events in American history. Quickly "American Pie" became the number 1 song in the United States. Don Mclean became a superstar and drew many audiences to his concerts. In 2005, "American Pie" was voted 5th in the "365 songs of the century" list. His second single "Vincent", featuring Vincent Van Gogh's masterpiece "Starry Night", also topped the UK and US charts in 1971. The song is played in Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam every day.

paragraphs: In the later 1970s, Don McLean tried other styles of songs. He was not as popular with these other styles. Bad sales of albums caused him to change recording companies from one to another. Finally, in 1980, Don McLean regained his popularity by playing "Crying", a song first sang by Roy Orbison. The song reached the first place in UK chart.

paragraphs: Don McLean is not as popular today as he was before. He is still writing and singing his own songs and performing in concerts.

paragraphs: The famous guitar player, Eric Clapton, spoke highly of Don McLean’s guitar playing skill after listening to his guitar performance. Also, Don McLean’s performance on stage once inspired Lori Lieberman to write the 1974 Grammy-winning song "Killing me softly with his song". Most of the successive folk singers entitled him with "US legend"


title: A (Cyrillic)

paragraphs: Ah (A, a) is the first letter of the Cyrillic alphabet.

paragraphs: It came from the Greek alpha. A long time ago, it was called "azǔ" and stood for the number 1. It looks exactly the same as the Roman A.

paragraphs: All languages that use the Cyrillic alphabet say it as [ah].


title: Be (Cyrillic)

paragraphs: Beh (Б, б) is the second letter in the Cyrillic alphabet.

paragraphs: It came from the Greek beta, along with the Cyrillic veh. Its old name was "buky". It stands for the Roman B.

paragraphs: The uppercase Б looks like a B with the top curve missing and the lowercase one looks like the number 6.


title: Bare-faced Curassow

paragraphs: The Bare-faced Curassow (Crax fasciolata) Spanish "muitu" is a species of bird in the Cracidae family, the chachalacas, guans, curassows, etc.

paragraphs: It is found in eastern-central and southern Brazil, Paraguay, and eastern Bolivia, extreme northeast Argentina, and Amazon Basin.


title: Diacritic

paragraphs: A diacritic (for example, an acute accent) is a mark put above, below, through or on a letter. The word comes from the Greek word διακριτικός (transl. diakritikós = 'distinguishing').

paragraphs: Usually, it affects the way the word is said (pronounced). Most diacritics concern pronunciation because most alphabets do not describe the sounds of words exactly. Diacritics are rare in English, but common in many other languages.

paragraphs: English orthography often uses digraphs (like "ph", "sh", "oo", and "ea") rather than diacritics to show more sounds that can be shown with single letters of the Latin alphabet. Unlike other systems (such as Spanish) where the spelling shows how to say the words, English pronunciation is so varied that diacritics alone would not make it phonetic. By using digraphs we show sounds which are not shown by single letters.

paragraphs: Diacritics are not used much in modern English. Two types of diacritics have become part of everyday English: the dot above the "i" or "j" and the apostrophe. But they are no longer commonly thought of as being diacritical. The apostrophe is used to show missing letters (elision, "it's" to replace "it is") and show possession (as in "Mike's car").

paragraphs: In most other cases, use of diacritics for native English words is considered old-fashioned (not used anymore). Diaereses (similar to umlauts) can be used on words where two vowels next to each other are pronounced separately like "noöne", "reëstablished", or "coöperate" (two vowels pronounced "together" are a diphthong). This method is still used sometimes. Diacritics are sometimes used in loanwords (words of foreign origin), such as "naïve", "entrée", "pâté", "façade".

paragraphs: Letter e: common are the acute accent é (rising voice, as in the French word née), grave accent è (lowering voice); "élève" has (from the left) acute, grave and silent e. The cedilla ç denotes a soft c.

paragraphs: A different principle is illustrated by the circumflex î. This usually shows the loss of letter: e.g. maistre (Middle French) > maître (modern French). Thus its function is historical. Also, less often, the circumflex is used to distinguish between homophones. These are words spelt the same, but with different meanings. Example: "sur" = on, but "sûr" = safe. In those cases the pronunciation of the two words may be different.

paragraphs: In Spanish the acute accent simply signals stress, e.g. "educación". There the stress is on the last vowel, not on the usual second to last. Second to last vowel (syllable) is the usual position for stress in spoken Spanish. It is usually not signalled by a printed accent. Where the stress is in its usual place, the end consonant is often dropped in speech.

paragraphs: The tilde ñ is pronounced something like ny. It counts as a separate letter in their dictionaries, coming after n.

paragraphs: The double L is pronounced as our Y and LL is in Spanish dictionaries in its own section, after the single L section.

paragraphs: The umlaut ü in German is pronounced ue, and is less used in modern German. Historical name-spellings should always keep the umlaut if it was used for that name.

paragraphs: The Scandinavian languages treat the characters with diacritics ä, ö and å as new and separate letters of the alphabet, and sort them after z. Usually ä is sorted as equal to æ (ash) and ö is sorted as equal to ø (o-slash). Also, aa, when used as an alternative spelling to å, is sorted as such. Other letters modified by diacritics are treated as variants of the underlying letter, with the exception that ü is frequently sorted as y.

paragraphs: Scripts for semitic languages such as Arabic and Hebrew have a wide variety of diacritics. This is partly because the scripts for semitic languages were originally formed without separate letters for vowels, and partly because some of the languages (Arabic in particular) are spoken in a number of dialects.

paragraphs: The diacritics in Hebrew and Arabic are not always used, however.


title: Everything as a service

paragraphs: Everything as a service("EaaS", "XaaS", "*aaS") is a concept of being able to call up re-usable, fine-grained software components across a network. It is a subset of cloud computing. The most common and successful example is software as a service (SaaS), but the term "as a service" has been associated and used with many core components of cloud computing including communication, infrastructure, data and platforms.

paragraphs: A number of vendors including Google, Microsoft, Hewlett Packard and Amido have been associated with the "everything as a service" trend.

paragraphs: Offerings tagged with the "as a service" suffix have a number of common attributes, including:

paragraphs: This kind of services can be divided into more specific types:


title: Lorraine Kelly

paragraphs: Lorraine Kelly OBE (born 30 November 1959, Gorbals, Glasgow) is a British television presenter and journalist. She is known for presenting the television programme on GMTV, "Lorraine".

paragraphs: Kelly helped start GMTV in January 1993. She presented a range of programmes, including the main breakfast show with Eamonn Holmes. Kelly writes weekly columns for "The Sun" and "The Sunday Post".

paragraphs: Kelly was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2012 New Year Honours for services to charity and the armed forces.

paragraphs: Kelly lives in Dundee. She is a Dundee United fan and attends most games.

paragraphs: Kelly was unable to present her show "Lorraine" due to a horse accident on 21 February 2012. Guest presenters then presented her show instead. After recovering she returned on 16 April 2012.

paragraphs: She is married to Steve Smith and has a daughter, Rosie.


title: George A. Romero

paragraphs: George Andrew Romero (February 4, 1940 – July 16, 2017) was an American-Canadian director, writer, editor and actor. He is known for his horror movies with zombie themes.

paragraphs: Romero was born in the Bronx, New York City to a Cuban-American father of Spanish ancestry and a Lithuanian-American mother.

paragraphs: Romero went to Pittsburgh's Carnegie Mellon University. After graduating in 1960, he started directing short movies and commercials before moving onto horror movies. He and friends started a directing group called "Image Ten Productions" in the 1960s, and they made "Night of the Living Dead" (1968). The movie was directed by Romero and written with John A. Russo. It became a cult classic.

paragraphs: Later, Romero made "There's Always Vanilla" (1971), "Jack's Wife / Season of the Witch" (1972) and "The Crazies" (1973), "Martin" (1977), and "Creepshow" (1982). His most well-known movies are "Night of the Living Dead" and "Creepshow".

paragraphs: In 1978, Romero made another zombie movie called "Dawn of the Dead" (1978). The movie made over $55 million and was named one of the top cult movies by "Entertainment Weekly" in 2003. Romero made a third zombie movie called "Day of the Dead" (1985), which was less popular.

paragraphs: In the 1980s and 1990s, Romero made other movies such as "Monkey Shines" (1988) (about a killer helper monkey), "Two Evil Eyes" (1990), "The Dark Half" (1993) and "Bruiser" (2000) (about a man whose face becomes a blank mask).

paragraphs: In 1998, Romero made a commercial for Resident Evil 2.

paragraphs: Universal Studios made a of "Dawn of the Dead" in 2004, without Romero.

paragraphs: Romero divorced his wife, Christine Forrest. They have two children together. Romero then married Suzanne Desrocher in 2011. He became a dual American -Canadian citizen in 2009.

paragraphs: Romero died of lung cancer on July 16, 2017 in Toronto, Ontario at the age of 77.

paragraphs: Romero chose his favourite top ten movies of all time as: "The Brothers Karamazov", "Casablanca", "Dr. Strangelove", "High Noon", "King Solomon's Mines" (1950), "North by Northwest", "The Quiet Man", "Repulsion", "Touch of Evil" and "The Tales of Hoffman". "The Tales of Hoffman" is Romero's "favourite film of all time; the movie that made me want to make movies."


title: Fred Jones (Scooby-Doo)

paragraphs: Frederick "Fred" Jones, also known as Freddie, is a fictional character from Scooby-Doo. He is the official leader of Mystery Incorporated.

paragraphs: He has been voiced by Frank Welker ever since the character's first appearance in 1969.


title: Standard Chinese

paragraphs: Standard Chinese or Standard Mandarin, is the official modern Chinese spoken language used in mainland China and Taiwan and is one of the four official languages of Singapore. It is based off the Mandarin dialect and should not be confused with other varieties of Chinese.


title: Languages of Singapore

paragraphs: There are many languages in Singapore. The reason is that Singapore has a multi-ethnic society. The Singapore government recognises four official languages: English, Malay, Mandarin, and Tamil. Due to the Singapore's history, the symbolic national language is Malay. The local patois spoken on the streets is a creole called Singlish amongst the locals. It is known by academics as 'Singapore Colloquial English'.

paragraphs: English was introduced to Singapore by the British in 1819. The British established a port, later a colony, on the island. English had been the administrative language of the colonial government, and when Singapore gained self-government in 1959 and independence in 1965, the local government decided to keep English as the working language. It is not against the law to speak mother tongue during working hours. It is against the law to forbid people speaking their mother tongue anywhere at work as long as it does not harm the business and/or compromise safety at work.

paragraphs: The use of English as a common language serves to bridge the gap between the diverse ethnic groups in Singapore.

paragraphs: In schools, students are also required to take a Mother Tongue class, where they are either taught Mandarin Chinese, Malay or Tamil.

paragraphs: As a result, most Singaporeans have at least conversational ability and basic literacy in a minimum of two languages: English, and the language that is used at home. Many more are conversant in three or more languages.

paragraphs: About 60% of Singapore's Indian population speaks Tamil as their native language. Other Indian languages include Malayalam and Hindi.

paragraphs: There are around 5,000 Peranakans living on the island, and they still use the Hokkien-influenced Malay dialect called Baba Malay.

paragraphs: A handful of Portuguese Eurasians still speak a Portuguese-creole known as Papia Kristang. The most fluent speakers however, come from the pre-war generation.


title: Stratovarius

paragraphs: Stratovarius is a Finnish power metal band that formed in 1983. Their material contains elements of symphonic metal, progressive metal and NWOBHM.


title: Sino–Tibetan languages

paragraphs: The Sino-Tibetan or Han-Tibetan languages, form a language family. This includes Chinese and the Tibeto-Burman languages and some 250 languages of East Asia. Kra-Dai languages and Hmong–Mien languages are also sometimes included.

paragraphs: The largest language within this family are the Chinese languages by far with over 1.3 billion native speakers. It is also the one with the oldest writing (hanzi) going back to the Jiahu symbols in 6600 BC.

paragraphs: All these languages descend from a single proto-language. People are still working on what this sounded like.

paragraphs: Very likely the Huanghe in North-Central China (Zhongyuan).

paragraphs: Zhang et al. (2019) did a study of 109 Sino-Tibetan languages to suggest a Sino-Tibetan homeland in northern China near the Huanghe basin. He found there was a split between Sinitic languages and the Tibeto-Burman languages approximately 4,200-7,800 years ago (with an average of 5,900 years ago). This is connected with the expansion of the Yangshao culture and Majiayao culture. Others agree by using different data; they say it came from around 7,200 years ago, around the Cishan and early Yangshao culture.

paragraphs: Proto-Chinese and Proto-Tibeto-Burman are both agglutinative languages. Proto-Chinese changed to Old Chinese around the Shang Dynasty. This is shown in the Book of songs. Nouns, verbs, and modifiers were all dependent on affixes (beginning of words) such as *s-, *p-, *-k. After the Warring State Period in China, Old Chinese started using tones. The suffix (end of words) *-s was also used.

paragraphs: The typical word order in Sino-Tibetan languages is object-verb. Modern Chinese, Bai, Karenic, and Mruic are exceptions.

paragraphs: SOV is likely the original word order. Over time Chinese became subject–verb–object. However, Chinese differs from almost all other VO languages in the world in placing relative clauses before the nouns they modify.

paragraphs: Sino-Tibetan may be related to the Altaic languages. Mang Mulin, a Mongolian linguistics professor at the Inner Mongolia Normal University, began studying the origin of Mongolian words in the late 1970s.

paragraphs: There are links between Sino-Tibetan, Austroasiatic (from South China), and Austronesian (from Taiwan) languages.

paragraphs: There may even be connections between Chinese and the native languages of the Americas (Na-Dene) and Western Eurasia (Yeniseian).


title: Jens Johansson

paragraphs: Jens Johansson (born November 2, 1963 in Stockholm) is a world-renowned Swedish power metal keyboardist and pianist. He is noted as one of the first and most influential "shred" keyboardists, for his high-speed neoclassical and fusion style.

paragraphs: "Some text taken from the 'Heavy Machinery' album booklet and Jens Homepage."


title: Timo Kotipelto

paragraphs: Timo Antero Kotipelto (born March 15 1969) is the vocalist of the Finnish power metal band Stratovarius and is the creator and vocalist of the power metal band Kotipelto.


title: Jörg Michael

paragraphs: Jörg Michael (born 27 March 1963) is a German drummer.

paragraphs: Most of the bands Michael has played with are in the power metal genre. He is one of the most notable drummers of that style. Michael has played an important part in shaping the drumming characteristics of this genre. The first album he recorded was "Prayers of Steel" with the band Avenger (the band would later change their name to Rage). By the middle of the 1980s, he no longer worked with just one band, but worked as a studio session drummer. Because of this, he has been a part of many different bands and albums.


title: Lauri Porra

paragraphs: Lauri Porra (born December 13, 1977) is a Finnish bass guitarist. He is best known for his work in Stratovarius and Sinergy.


title: LK Today

paragraphs: LK Today was a British lifestyle programme hosted by Lorraine Kelly.


title: Velma Dinkley

paragraphs: Velma Dinkley is a fictional character in the cartoon series Scooby-Doo. She was voiced by Mindy Cohn in 2002-2015, 2016-2020.


title: Gino Lucetti

paragraphs: Gino Lucetti (August 31, 1900 - September 17, 1943) was an Italian anarchist. He was born in Carrara, Italy. He fought in World War I. Later he went to France, from where he returned to try to kill the Italian dictator Benito Mussolini. On September 11 1926, in the Porta Pia square in Rome, he threw a bomb against Mussolini's car, but without effect. Arrested, Lucetti was condemned to spend his life in prison. In 1943, Lucetti escaped from prison with the help of others, but died shortly during a bombing of Ischia.


title: Pierhead Building

paragraphs: The Pierhead Building is a building in Cardiff, Wales, UK. It was designed by William Frame, built in 1897, and is owned by the National Assembly for Wales. It is one of Cardiff's most famous landmarks.


title: Tibeto-Burman languages

paragraphs: The Tibeto-Burman family of languages (often considered a sub-group of the Sino-Tibetan language family) is spoken in various central and south Asian countries, including Myanmar (Burma), Tibet, northern Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, parts of central China (Guizhou, Hunan), northern parts of Nepal, north-eastern parts of Bangladesh, Bhutan, western Pakistan (Baltistan), and various regions of India (Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura, and both the Ladakh and Kargil regions of Jammu and Kashmir).

paragraphs: The subfamily includes approximately 350 languages; Burmese has the most speakers (approximately 32 million). Approximately 8 million Tibetans and related peoples speak one of several related Tibetan dialects or languages.


title: Yellow Emperor

paragraphs: Huang-di, (黃帝/黄帝 huángdì) or the Yellow Emperor, is a legendary Chinese sovereign and cultural hero who is thought to be the ancestor of all Han Chinese. One of the legendary Five Emperors, it was written in the "Shiji" by historian Sima Qian (145 BC-90 BC) that Huangdi reigned from 2497 BC to 2398 BC. His personal name was said to be Gongsun Xuanyuan (公孙轩辕). He became the chief deity of Taoism during the Han Dynasty (202 BC-220 AD).


title: Hermit crab

paragraphs: The hermit crab is a type of crab that does not have a hard shell. They use old shells for protection. They especially like old whelk shells. When the hermit crab grows in size, it finds a larger shell.

paragraphs: The hermit crab is a crustacean, but it is very different from other crustaceans. While most crustaceans are covered from head to tail with a hard exoskeleton, the hermit crab is missing part of its exoskeleton. The back part where its abdomen is located, is soft and squishy. Thus, the minute a hermit crab molts into an adult, it sets out to find a shell in which to live.

paragraphs: To get into the shell, the hermit crab squeezes in backwards, securing itself with its four back legs. The back legs have hooks that anchor the hermit crab into the shell without difficulty. The next four legs are used for walking, while the front two are its chelipeds. The chelipeds are not equal in size: one is big and other is small. The larger one is used for grabbing prey and guarding the entrance to its shell. All together, hermit crabs have a total of ten legs, including the chelipeds and the rear legs used to anchor to the shell.

paragraphs: There are about 500 different species of hermit crabs around the world, and they have different colors, often with patterns like stripes and dots on their bodies. Most hermit crab species live on the ocean floor, but many live on land. Female terrestrial (land based) hermit crabs must return to the sea to breed.

paragraphs: Hermit crabs are omnivores (eating plants and animals) and scavengers (eating dead animals that they find). They eat worms, plankton, lime chips, and organic debris.

paragraphs: Hermit crabs first appeared in the Cretaceous period, before the Dinosaurs became extinct (died out). Fossils have been found where they have used Ammonite shells.

paragraphs: The reproductive (sexual) organs of hermit crabs are located near and just below the animal's heart and open to the outside at the base of the last pair of walking legs in the male. In the female, they are located at the base of the middle pair of walking legs. Female hermit crabs usually lay their eggs shortly after copulating (mating) but they can also store sperm (male sexual cells) for many months. The eggs are fertilised as they are laid by passing through the chamber holding the sperm. The eggs are carried and hatched in a mass attached to the abdomen inside the shell. The number of eggs is usually large, but depends on the animal's size.


title: Alex Salmond

paragraphs: Alexander Elliot Anderson "Alex" Salmond (surname pronounced "SAM-MOND"; born 31 December 1954 in Linlithgow, Scotland) is a Scottish politician who is a former First Minister of Scotland and former leader of the Scottish National Party (SNP) which is a political party that wants Scotland to become an independent country from the United Kingdom. He is also the longest-serving First Minister of Scotland, with over seven-and-a-half years in office.

paragraphs: Alex Salmond studied at the University of St Andrews and became an economist at the Royal Bank of Scotland. Salmond became a Member of Parliament (MP) for the constituency of Banff and Buchan at the 1987 General Election. In 1990, Alex Salmond became the leader of the Scottish National Party. He became a Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for Banff and Buchan at the 1999 Scottish Parliament Election and resigned as SNP leader in 2000.

paragraphs: Salmond became the party leader again in 2004 and stood in the 2007 Scottish Parliament election for the constituency of Gordon. At this election, the SNP received the highest number of seats and the highest share of the vote in Scotland, but did not have enough seats to form a majority government. The SNP then formed a minority government with Alex Salmond as First Minister.

paragraphs: Alex Salmond was against the 2003 invasion of Iraq and was one of several MPs who called for Prime Minister Tony Blair to be impeached. At the 2010 General Election, Alex Salmond stood down as a Member of Parliament but argued against the BBC's decision not to allow the SNP on the televised Prime Ministerial Debates.

paragraphs: On 19 September 2014, following the results of the independence referendum which confirmed a majority of the Scottish people had voted to remain as part of the United Kingdom, Salmond announced that he would be resigning as First Minister in November 2014. His resignation became effective on 20 November 2014, when his deputy, Nicola Sturgeon succeeded him.


title: First Minister of Scotland

paragraphs: First Minister of Scotland is the chief executive of the government of Scotland. The current First Minister of Scotland is Nicola Sturgeon of the Scottish National Party, since 19 November 2014 after Alex Salmond resigned following the defeat of the pro-independence campaign in the Scottish independence referendum. The first was Donald Dewar, who died in office in 2000. Alex Salmond was the longest-serving First Minister with over seven-and-a-half years in office. The official residence of First Minister is Bute House in Edinburgh, Scotland.


title: Corinne Enaudeau

paragraphs: Corinne Enaudeau is a French philosopher. She is the daughter of Jean-François Lyotard.

paragraphs: A teacher in philosophy in the Lycée Henri-IV of Paris and the Lycée Janson de Sailly, she is also the program director of International College of philosophy of Paris.


title: People's Alliance for Democracy

paragraphs: The People's Alliance for Democracy (PAD) is a political pressure group in Thailand. It was originally a coalition of protestors against the government of Thaksin Shinawatra. It called for the resignation of Shinawatra and two later prime ministers, Samak Sundaravej and Somchai Wongsawat. It is also called the National Liberation Alliance or the Yellow Shirts after the colour of the clothes they wear. It started from accusations of fraud against Shinawatra's business deals.

paragraphs: In November 2008, the PAD seized Donmuang and Suvarnabhumi Airports to force Prime Minister Somchai Wongsawa to resign. The airports had to close. In 2011 they camped outside Government House for almost 200 days to protest about government policy.

paragraphs: Supporters wear yellow shirts with a hat that has a Latin message "liberate" (). They wear a blue scarf and they use tools that to make the sound like clapping hands ().


title: King Naresuan

paragraphs: King Naresuan The Great. (another name : "Phra-Ong-Dam" or "Naret"). He was born in the year of the Rabbit (Refer to Chinese Zodiac Year), B.E. 2098 (A.D 1555) at Jan Palace, Phitsanulok. His father was King Mahathammaracha and his mother was Queen Wisutkhasat. King Narasuan had one older sister named Princess Suphan thewi (Supankanlaya) and one brother named King Ekathotsarot (Phra-Ong-Khao).

paragraphs: The Burmese King Bayinnong moved his troops to attack Ayutthaya, and he conquered it. So, he asked for King Naresuan as his adopted child while Naresuan was 9 years old. When Naresuan was 16, King Mahathammaracha wanted Naresuan to come back to be a viceroy of Phitsanulok and gave Princess Suphan Kanla Ya instead as the captive from Phitsanulok.

paragraphs: B.E. 2113 He fought with Khmer's troop and he won.

paragraphs: B.E. 2114 He was established (set up) to be a governor of Phitsanulok when he was 16.

paragraphs: B.E. 2117 He fought at Viengjan, and he has a smallpox. So he came back to Phitsanulok.

paragraphs: B.E. 2121 He fought for driving out Phaya Jeen Jan Tu from Ayutthaya.

paragraphs: B.E. 2127 He proclaimed peace at Krang province.

paragraphs: B.E. 2127-2130 Burman sent armies to attack Thai but Burman lost.

paragraphs: B.E. 2133 He reigned Ayutthaya when he was 35 years old.

paragraphs: B.E. 2135 Made war with Mang Ka Yoe Cha Wa.

paragraphs: B.E. 2138 and 2141 He fought with Hong Sa Wa Dee.

paragraphs: B.E. 2148 He died at Tung Keaw, Hang luang when he was 50 years old.


title: South Thailand insurgency

paragraphs: The insurgency in Southern Thailand is a violent rebellion that is taking place in three southern provinces of Thailand. There are Naratiwat Pattani, and Yala. Most of the people that live in these provinces are not related to Thai people. They are Muslim Malays.

paragraphs: The rebellion started in the 19th century, when the British and the King of Siam agreed on the border between Siam and Malaya. The British took Kedah and Kelantan, and Pattani became part of Siam. The sultan of Pattani was removed and his kingdom was split into three provinces. Ever since then, the Malay people of this region have wanted to get their independence back, or to join Malaysia as a state.

paragraphs: The unrest in the southern provinces is one of the biggest problems in Thailand. There is an armed struggle against the government. There are many severe attacks on civilians too, mostly considered terrorism. Since it has happened, some Thai families had to move out from the site because the problems changed their lives. They were also scared of what would happen with them.


title: Triode

paragraphs: A triode (“valve” in British) is a type of empty tube with wires in it (vacuum tube). It is not a vacuum tube diode, which has only two wires (electrodes), but has a third electrode, called the grid between the 2 wires (cathode (electric thrower) and anode (electric eater)).

paragraphs: The word “triode” comes from the word parts “tri” (three) + “ode” (way, road).

paragraphs: When the cathode becomes hot, it gives out electricity particles (electrons). These electrons are then taken by the anode. This makes an electric movement (current), which is controlled by the grid. The grid “checks” how many electrons can pass through, and “eats” the extra ones. The grid lets the triode to be used as an electric amount changer (amplifier).

paragraphs: The grid can also quickly change the amount of electrons it lets through, so it can also be part of an oscillator (wave thrower) and wave taker (detector).

paragraphs: Philipp Lenard created the “grid” idea in 1902 to make an electron taker.

paragraphs: Then, the diode (Fleming valve) was created by John Ambrose Fleming in 1904.

paragraphs: Lee De Forest and Robert von Lieben created the triode in 1908 from his original Audion diode of 1906. The triode is used as an amplifier (electric amount changer). The name triode was created because people needed to know which kind of vacuum tube it is, rather than a diode, tetrode, or pentode.

paragraphs: People wanted to talk to people far away. They used triodes to talk, by triode radio receivers (wave takers) and triode radio transmitters (wave throwers ). At first they only sent Morse code but better triodes later allowed talking by radio.

paragraphs: The triode transmitters were so good that they replaced the crystal transmitters to make the new listening devices (earphones)

paragraphs: This made the first way of talking far away, creating the beginning of radio broadcasting (sending radio waves to many people) around 1920. This made far away telephones better.

paragraphs: Then people at the “Bell Telephone” group made even better telephones that can catch waves that traveled about 800 miles. When they put the first long triode wave throwers in the (Atlantic) ocean (transcontinental telephone line) people were very happy 3 years after on January 25, 1915.

paragraphs: Other people put the wave throwers in their creations, making very good things (television, public address systems, electric phonographs, and talking motion pictures)

paragraphs: Then people started putting more wires inside, to 4 wires (tetrode, by Walter Schottky in 1916) to 5 wires (pentode, by Gilles Holst and Bernandus Dominicus Hubertus Tellegen in 1926).

paragraphs: The triode was used in other devices (radios, televisions, and audio systems) until it was beaten by the super wave thrower (transistor), made in 1947, ending the time of the triode.

paragraphs: Today triodes are used in wave throwing and hot making. Triodes are also starting to be used in good electric audio machines and music machines. They are also used in glow makers (vacuum florescent displays, (VFDs), and there are different types of glow makers, but all use triodes.

paragraphs: Radios and telephones are also wave takers, so it is used in them. But it is too big, so from 1960 to 1969, the transistor has mostly replaced it. It is an ancestor of the transistor. It is still used in vacuum tube amplifiers.

paragraphs: Today, the triode is still used in iPods and radios and heaters to heat and to take waves.


title: Suvarnabhumi Airport

paragraphs: Suvarnabhumi Airport (; IATA: BKK, ICAO: VTBS), also unofficially known as Bangkok Airport, is the main international airport of Bangkok, Thailand. It is located in Bangchoung, Rachatawa, Noungprue and Bangphli district Samutprakarn province. The area of the airport is about . It is six times bigger than Don Mueang International Airport, the other international airport serving Greater Bangkok.

paragraphs: The Thai government gave a budget of about 150,000 million baht (US$4.9 billion or 3.7 billion euro) to build this international airport. This included investment of Government service and State Enterprises of 137,000 million baht ($4.46 billion), and private company about 13,000 million baht ($423 million). The airport could support the passengers more than 45 million people. It was designed by Helmut Jahn.

paragraphs: International airlines included of 102 airways and 142 cities. There are:

paragraphs: Most domestic airlines fly from Don Mueang Airport, but the following airlines fly from Suvarnabhumi:


title: Sanam Luang

paragraphs: Sanam Luang is a big field in front of Wat Phra Kaew and the Grand Palace in Bangkok, Thailand. Sanam Luang has another name, Tung Pra Me'ru (meaning cremation field). It was used for cremation of the King and his royal relatives. In 1855, King Rama IV changed the field's name to Sanam luang, announcing that the old name was thought unlucky.

paragraphs: King Rama I used Sanam Luang to officiate ceremonies. Then in King Rama V's era, Sanam Luang was extended and the buildings around it were destroyed. The people used Sanam Luang to perform ceremonies instead of growing rice.

paragraphs: In King Rama VI's era, Sanam Luang was used for horse racing and part of the field was turned into a golf couse.

paragraphs: At present, the Thai people still use Sanam Luang to officiate royal ceremonies for the King, princes and princesses. Sanam Luang is an important national site.


title: Baltistan

paragraphs: Baltistan (), also known as بلتیول (Baltiyul) in the Balti language, is a region in northern Pakistan. It borders Xinjiang Autonomous Region of China. It lies in the Karakoram mountains just to the south of K2, the world's second highest mountain. It is an extremely mountainous region, with an average altitude of over 3,350 m (11,000 ft). It is inhabited principally by Balti Shi'a Muslims of Tibetan descent who converted from Tibetan Buddhism before the 16th century.

paragraphs: Baltistan was an independent state but was occupied by the Raja (King) of Kashmir in the nineteenth century. In 1947 when India and Pakistan gained independence, it was still part of Kashmir. Now the region is divided between Pakistan and India.

paragraphs: The elections on 12 November 2009 brought about a major change and upheaval in the Baltistan region, which had been once an area ruled by a feudal Raja and then an area under Pakistani military control. It is believed that democracy in the region will also help to bring about more economic development and public empowerment.


title: Balti language

paragraphs: Balti (بلتی) is a language spoken in Baltistan, in the Gilgit Baltistan of Pakistan and adjoining parts of the disputed territory of Indian-administered Kashmir. Before 1948 Baltistan was part of Ladakh province. The language is a sub-dialect of Ladakhi and an archaic dialect of the Tibetan language, but many of the consonants that are silent in most modern Tibetan dialects are pronounced in Balti.

paragraphs: All people of different races, living in Baltistan are called Balti. Greeks used the word Byaltae instead of Bal-ti, which in Tibetan means water gorge. The historian Ptolemy who was also a general in the army of Alexander the Great had named the region (Byaltae) in his book. Baltistan is the Persian translation of "Baltiyul", “The Homeland of Balti”. The people belonging to Balti nationality are settled on both banks of the river Indus from Kargil (in the east) to Haramosh (in the west) and from Karakoram range (in the north) to Deosai plains (in the south). In this nationality the majority comes from Tibetan origin. However people migrated to this area in different periods of ancient times, on account of different reasons and after merging in the prevailing Tibetan society, gave birth to a new civilisation. All these multi-racial groups speak Balti language, which is a branch of the ancient Tibetan language. However, in some rural areas, the Sheen people still speak Shina language.

paragraphs: The Balti are a very forbearing, cheerful,brave and hospitable people. But during the Rmakpon reign (from 12th century to 1840 A.D.) they invaded Ladakh and Tibet many times.

paragraphs: There are several Balti communities in Pakistan's urban areas farther south, that is in Lahore, Islamabad, in Karachi and other places.But they are living as non Pakistani in Pakistan because Gilgit Baltistan is considered as disputed region.

paragraphs: The Balti language has kept many words like all the Tibetan dialects and many other languages. Below are a few examples:


title: Raja

paragraphs: A Raja ( (rājā), also spelled Rajah) is a monarch, or princely ruler of the Kshatriya varna.

paragraphs: The title has a long history in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, as it is found in the Rigveda. It can also be used as a name for non-royal Indians.

paragraphs: In Pakistan, Raja is still used by many Muslim Rajput clans as titles. "Raja" is also used as a name by Hindus and Sikhs.


title: Pushim

paragraphs: PUSHIM is a Japanese reggae singer. Her real name is Paku Pushin. She was born in Osaka on November 16, 1975, and started to sing in 1995. She released her first single in 1999. She has strong and deep voice. Her younger sister, YOUNGSHIM, is also a reggae singer.

paragraphs: She began performing in the Kansai reggae scene in 1995. In 1998, she did back-up vocals for the Refugee Camp's "It's Too Late", a Carroll King cover. After signing with Sony Music Japan, she recorded and released her first single called "Brand New Day" on June 19, 1999. It receive a lot of critical acclaim. In September of 1999, she released a second single called "Strong Woman". It was also a success and she sold many copies. The following spring, her debut album "Say Greetings" was released. Her latest album is "Sing A Song... Lighter!". It was released in 2006, with Luciano appearing on one track.


title: Headset

paragraphs: A headset is a headphone with a microphone. People can listen to sound with headphone and can record sound with a microphone. A headset is easy to use because it can be used without hands, just like a telephone. A person only needs to put the headset on his/her head and then can talk with a mic. Many people use headsets at the computer so they can converse and type easily. Headsets normally have only one speaker like a telephone, but also can be made with speakers for both ears.

paragraphs: Nowadays there are wire headset and wireless headset, which means there's no wire between the computer and the headset. It works by radio waves. A wireless headset can be put in a pocket or a bag easily due to its small size. This can be used for soundproofing.

paragraphs: The inventor of the headset is Nathaniel Baldwin, but his version could not be sold to people. The second headset is the US Army's headset for airplane pilots in World War I.

paragraphs: Headset is made up of two parts. They are input part and output part. From input part, headset receive sound signal. And from output part, headset receive sound signal and generate sound.


title: Endoscopy

paragraphs: Endoscopy means to "look inside". This often means looking inside the body for medical reasons with an endoscope.

paragraphs: An endoscope is a medical instrument that is made to see parts inside a patient's body. This has the advantage that observations and certain operations can be done without opening up the body. Whatever precautions are taken, an open body part is always at risk of infection.

paragraphs: The endoscope has a long tube to enter the patient's body and a tiny camera or lens attached to the front of this tube. It is usually inserted into patient's nose, mouth, or anus, so surgeons can see what is going on. If necessary, various actions can be taken.

paragraphs: An endoscope has at least some of these parts:


title: Supercomputer

paragraphs: A supercomputer is a computer with great speed and memory. This kind of computer can do jobs faster than any other computer of its generation. They are usually thousands of times faster than ordinary personal computers made at that time. Supercomputers can do arithmetic jobs very fast, so they are used for weather forecasting, code-breaking, genetic analysis and other jobs that need many calculations. When new computers of all classes become more powerful, new ordinary computers are made with powers that only supercomputers had in the past, while new supercomputers continue to outclass them.

paragraphs: Electrical engineers make supercomputers that link many thousands of microprocessors.

paragraphs: Supercomputer types include: shared memory, distributed memory and array. Supercomputers with shared memory are developed by using a parallel computing and pipelining concept. Supercomputers with distributed memory consist of many (about 100~10000) nodes. CRAY series of CRAYRESERCH and VP 2400/40, NEC의 SX-3 of HUCIS are shared memory types. nCube 3, iPSC/860, AP 1000, NCR 3700, Paragon XP/S, CM-5 are distributed memory types.

paragraphs: An array type computer named ILIAC started working in 1972. Later, the CF-11, CM-2, and the Mas Par MP-2 (which is also an array type) were developed. Supercomputers that use a physically separated memory as one shared memory include the T3D, KSR1, and Tera Computer.


title: Hydrogen car

paragraphs: A hydrogen car is a vehicle that uses hydrogen as its fuel for motive power. A Hydrogen car does not have to be a car, it can be any transportation vehicle that uses hydrogen in a similar way, like an aircraft.

paragraphs: Hydrogen is the simplest and the most abundant element in the universe. Even though it's simple and there's so much of it, hydrogen does not occur naturally as a gas on the earth: it's always combined with other things. Hydrogen is high in energy, yet an engine that burns pure hydrogen produces almost no pollution.

paragraphs: In principle, fuel cells are electrochemical devices like batteries that convert the chemical energy of a fuel directly and very efficiently into electricity (DC) and heat, thus doing away with combustion. Unlike a battery, a fuel cell does not run down or require recharging. It will produce energy in the form of electricity and heat as long as fuel is supplied.

paragraphs: A fuel cell consists of two electrodes sandwiched around an electrolyte. Oxygen passes over one electrode and hydrogen over the other, generating electricity, water and heat. Layers of materials with distinct electrochemical properties are sandwiched together to form a single galvanic cell. At the heart lies a membrane that can only be crossed by charged molecules. Gas-permeable electrodes coated with a catalyst adhere to this membrane, adding a layer on either side. The electrodes are in turn connected to a device that can utilize electricity. Hydrogen gas flows into channels on one face of the cell and migrates through that electrode, while the same occurs with oxygen gas along the opposite electrode. Spurred by a catalyst, favorable chemistry causes the hydrogen to oxidize into hydrogen protons and give up its electrons to the neighboring electrode, which thereby becomes the anode. This buildup of negative charge then follows the path of least resistance via the external circuit to the other electrode. It is this flow of electrons through a circuit that creates electricity.

paragraphs: Most important problem involved in the practical use of hydrogen car is hydrogen storage materials. If it uses a fuel cell that generates electricity through reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, it does not matter. However, if method is that hydrogen is sprayed to internal-combustion engine, it does matter. Now hydrogen storage tank with highest possibility is method using metal hydride. Metal hydride is that reversible reaction between metal and hydrogen make new form of compound. Now Hydrogen storing technology using Hydrogen storage compound metal comes to practical use step in the side of technical, however, hydrogen storing capacity per weight is no match for demand of user, so this technology is not widely used yet. Therefore, that problem should be solved.


title: Standard-definition television

paragraphs: Standard-Definition Television is a kind of television system that provides lower resolution than HDTV and higher resolution than analog TV does.

paragraphs: The word 'SDTV' is generally used at the digital television broadcasting system that has a similar or litle bit higher state of resolution to the 'analog television system'. Digital broadcasting system uses digital signals when they receive sound and movie. It is compared to analog TV that uses analog signals.

paragraphs: According to an ATSC standard, SDTV broadcasts in three ways.

paragraphs: First, at ratio of length and width 16:9 and resolution 704x480.

paragraphs: Second, at ratio 4:3 and resolution 704x480

paragraphs: Lastly, at ratio 4:3 and resolution 640x480.

paragraphs: The first one has best quality, second one is next, and the last one is the worst.

paragraphs: The screen's frame can be 24, 30, 60 per second. These are similar level with DVD.

paragraphs: As mentioned at the 'Definition' tab, it has a better resolution than analog TV system, and has lower resolution than HDTV.

paragraphs: Because it is a kind of digital broadcasting system, it can broadcast not only analog TV programs but also HDTV program (Of course there exists a difference in resolution).

paragraphs: SDTV has a similar state of resolution compared to analog TV. But SDTV is more vivid than

paragraphs: analog TV because it has less noise. And it has better sound. The point that SDTV uses a digital broadcasting system makes SDTV have many accompaning functions. For example, multitasking, electronic program guide, and so on. This functions are

paragraphs: impossible at analog TV. Compared to HDTV, it has lower resolution. But in fact, HDTV programs are not spread widely yet, and the cheaper price of SDTV makes consumers to use SDTV.

paragraphs: Generally, there are three types of TV. They are analog TV, SDTV and HDTV.Price : AnalogTV < SDTV < HDTVQuality : AnalogTV ≒ SDTV < HDTVAnalogTV only can be compatible with analog signals, but both SDTV and HDTV can be compatible with not only analog but also digital signals.


title: Thermocouple

paragraphs: Thermocouple, TC for short, is a device that converts heat directly into electricity. A thermocouple can also work in reverse - using an electric current to transform into heat as well as cold.

paragraphs: Imagine that two wires made of different types of metal are connected at one end. If the junction of the two wires is heated, electricity will flow through the wire.

paragraphs: Electrons, when heated, will begin to cross the junction on their own. Because of the different properties of the different metals, the electrons will lose potential energy and gain kinetic energy, just like a ball rolling over a hill to a lower area. Although the voltage created by a thermocouple is very small (in the millivolt range), many thermocouples can be hooked together to make a larger voltage. This is called a thermopile.

paragraphs: Thermocouples do not only generate electricity from heat. They can also generate heat from electricity, and even cold from electricity, as a refrigerator. If two different wires are connected at both ends, and some voltage source makes current flow through the loop, one junction will get hot and the other junction will become cold. The electrons at the hot junction are gaining kinetic energy as they cross the junction. This is why they make the metal hot. The electrons at the cold junction are losing kinetic energy as they cross the junction. This is why they make the junction cold.

paragraphs: Interestingly, it is difficult to measure the precise voltage that a thermocouple is producing when heat is applied to its junction. This is because any voltmeter wires that are connected to the thermocouple will probably be made of a different material than the wires of a thermocouple. This means that the connection between the voltmeter and the thermocouple is itself another thermocouple. Engineers designing microchips face the problem that virtually every electrical connection on a microchip is a thermocouple whether they want it to be or not.

paragraphs: Gas heaters with pilot flames are one of the most famous examples for the use of thermocouples. Thermocouples are stacked to make a thermopile, which can generate enough voltage from the heat of the pilot flame to keep the gas valve open which in turn supplies the gas for the pilot flame. If the gas runs out, the flame extinguishes and the voltage across the thermopile decreases, which causes the electric gas valve to close. Many space probes get their electric power from a thermocouple in a radioisotope thermoelectric generator.

paragraphs: Thermocouples are also used in other ways. For instance, they monitor temperatures in air conditioning and refrigerators, and of CPUs in computers, which could be destroyed by overheating.

paragraphs: There are hundreds of thermocouples, but only eight of them are standardized internationally.Type E (chromel–constantan), type J (iron–constantan), type N (nicrosil–nisil), type T (copper–constantan) and type K (chromel–alumel) are base metals.Types B, R, and S thermocouples use platinum or a platinum–rhodium.


title: Control engineering

paragraphs: Control engineering is the engineering field that focuses on mathematical modeling of dynamical systems, and uses Control Theory to create controllers that cause the systems to behave in some desired manner. Modern control engineering is closely related to electrical, electronic, and computer engineering. As engineering continues to develop, control engineering is often wanted.

paragraphs: In most cases, control engineers make use of feedback when designing control systems. For example, in an automobile with sail control, the machine's speed is continuously checked and fed back to the system, which then adjusts the motor's spin power on the fly. Recently, control systems are also used in nanotechnology. In chemical engineering, control engineering is known as process control. Many advancements in science, finance, and even human action, can be attributed to control engineering.

paragraphs: Many control systems rely on feedback. However, there are also control systems that work without feedback. Such a system is known as an open-loop control. An open-loop controller, also called a non-feedback controller, relies only on the model and the input signal fed to the system. An example of open-loop control can be found in washing machines, which work by running pre-programmed cycles but, importantly, do not rely on any measurements of the speed of the barrel or water volume to adjust the machine on the fly.


title: DKNY

paragraphs: DKNY (Donna Karan New York) is the label of fashion designer Donna Karan.


title: Lanett, Alabama

paragraphs: Lanett is a city in Chambers County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census the population was 7,897. Lanett is located in eastern Alabama, on the Chattahoochee River, northeast of Montgomery. One of the major industries is cotton milling. The city's name is derived from Lanier and Bennett, founders of the West Point Pepperell Co.


title: La Fayette, Alabama

paragraphs: LaFayette is a city in Chambers County, Alabama, United States. It is 47 miles (76 km) northwest of Columbus, Georgia. It is the county seat of Chambers County. In 1900, 1,629 people lived here, and in 1910, 1,632 people lived here. As of the 2000 census, the population of the city is 3,234.

paragraphs: The Chambers County School District provides public education for LaFayette. Within the city limits are two high schools (Lafayette High School and the Chambers County Career Technical School), one middle school (JP Powell Middle School), and one elementary school (Eastside Elementary School).

paragraphs: Chambers Academy (grades pre-K through 12) is a private school in LaFayette.


title: Leeds, Alabama

paragraphs: Leeds is a city in Jefferson, St. Clair, and Shelby Counties in the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2000 census, 10,455 people lived there.


title: Charles Barkley

paragraphs: Charles Wade Barkley (born February 20, 1963) is an American retired professional basketball player and politician. Nicknamed "Sir Charles" for his aggressive and outspoken behavior and "The Round Mound of Rebound," for his unusual build and talent as a player, Barkley established himself as one of the National Basketball Association's most dominating power forwards.

paragraphs: For a power forward, Barkley had an extremely versatile offensive game. He was not considered a great player at the defensive end. He is referred to as Chuck Barkley by many of his friends.

paragraphs: Barkley had many nicknames over the course of his college and pro career, making him one of the basketball players, and persons, with the most nicknames. Some of the other nicknames include The Chuckster, The Chuck Wagon, The Prince of Pizza and Wide Load from Leeds. Barkley is regarded as one of the best rebounders in the history of the game.

paragraphs: Many people view him as the greatest player who did not win an NBA championship during his career, although others argue for players such as Karl Malone, John Stockton and Patrick Ewing. Often considered the best power forward in the league (NBA), people did not agree with his totalitarian views. He is an analyst on the television show "Inside the NBA". The program features host Ernie Johnson with analysts Kenny Smith and Shaquille O'Neal.


title: William C. Oates

paragraphs: William Calvin Oates (either November 30 or December 1, 1833 – September 9, 1910) was a Confederate colonel during the American Civil War. He became a brigadier general in 1898, and also fought in the Spanish–American War.

paragraphs: In between he was a Democratic member of the Alabama House of Representatives from 1870 to 1872, a member of the United States House of Representatives for Alabama from 1881 to 1894, and Governor of Alabama from 1894 to 1896.

paragraphs: William C. Oates was born in Pike County, Alabama. He studied law and passed the bar examination, opening a practice in Abbeville. Oates died in Montgomery, Alabama, and was buried there in Oakwood Cemetery.


title: Walter Jones (American football)

paragraphs: Walter Junior Jones (born January 19, 1974) is an American football offensive tackle for the Seattle Seahawks team in the National Football League. He was selected by the Seattle Seahawks with the sixth overall pick in the first round of the 1997 NFL Draft, a pick obtained from the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in a trade. Jones left Florida State University prior to his senior season after being selected to the second team College Football All-America Team. On April 29, 2010, He announced on his Twitter account that he was retiring.


title: George T. Anderson

paragraphs: George Thomas Anderson (February 3, 1824 – April 4, 1901) was a general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. Nicknamed "Tige," Anderson was noted as one of Robert E. Lee's hardest-fighting subordinates. He was wounded at the Battle of Gettysburg.

paragraphs: After the war he worked as a policeman and a tax collector. He is buried in the Edgemont Cemetery, Anniston, Alabama.


title: William Clark Falkner

paragraphs: William Clark Falkner (July 6, 1825 or 1826 – November 6, 1889) was a soldier, lawyer, politician, businessman, and author in northern Mississippi. He is most notable for the influence he had on the work of his great-grandson, author William Faulkner.

paragraphs: Although born in Knox County, Tennessee, Falkner lived with his family in Missouri and Pontotoc, Mississippi before settling at the age of 17 in Ripley, Tippah County, Mississippi. He served in the Mexican-American War and, when the American Civil War broke out, he raised a company of men and was made colonel in the Second Mississippi Infantry of the Confederate Army.


title: Islamic terrorism

paragraphs: Islamic terrorism is a kind of terrorism. The terrorists claim their religion, Islam, or how they interpret it is their motivation.

paragraphs: Some Islamic scholars say that it is wrong to kill innocent people. Islamic terrorist groups include Al-Qaeda, Boko Haram, and the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. However, there are hundreds of and many more terrorist attacks . However, it is stated in the Qur'an that "You must not go too far; Allah loves not those who do.""You must resist them until the persecution is done away, and prayers are only to Allah; if they cease fighting, you must not invade anyone but the unrighteous."


title: Electric vehicle

paragraphs: An electric vehicle is a vehicle that uses electricity to move. Its wheels are driven by electric motors.

paragraphs: Electric vehicles were one of the first kinds that did not use horse or human power. Electric trains and cars were built in the 1830's, and in the early 1900's there were more electric cars than gasoline-powered cars. But cars powered by gasoline or diesel fuel become the most common kind of car for most of the last 100 years.

paragraphs: Electric vehicles have long been used in some special cases, such as forklifts used inside a building, golf carts, trolley bus or certain vehicles used around airplanes at an airport. Early in the 21st century people are using more electric and hybrid vehicles again as a way to reduce pollution and use less gasoline.

paragraphs: It is unclear who the first inventor was, but Ányos Jedlik of Hungary built a small model of a working electric car in 1828. In the 1830's Robert Anderson of Scotland, Professor Stratingh of Holland and Thomas Davenport, a blacksmith from Vermont all built electric vehicles. Davenport is said to be the inventor of the DC electric motor. In 1865, Gaston Plante of France made a better battery. In 1886, the inventor Frank Sprague of Connecticut made important changes to the electric motor.

paragraphs: Great Britain and France were early leaders in making better electric cars. Interest in the electric car in the United States grew after 1891 when A. L. Ryker built a three-wheeled electric car, and William Morrison built a six-passenger wagon.

paragraphs: The years 1899 and 1900 were the best years for electric cars in America, as they outsold all other types of cars (steam, gasoline and diesel). One example was the 1902 Phaeton built by the Woods Motor Vehicle Company of Chicago, which had a range of 18 miles, a top speed of 14 mph and cost $2,000. (At that time, there were few good roads between towns, so most driving was for short distances). Electric cars could go as far as steam-powered cars and did not take 30 to 40 minutes to get started. Gasoline engines were smelly and noisy.

paragraphs: But then the internal combustion engine (that used gasoline and diesel) were greatly improved, and cars that used those engines could go much farther and faster than other cars.

paragraphs: Some people would make electric cars in their garages by taking out the engine and putting in an electric motor and batteries, but for a long time, no big car company made an electric car. Only in the late 1990's did big car companies start making electric cars again. The most famous was the GM's EV-1. Now interest in alternative fuel vehicles is growing.

paragraphs: These types of cars do not have any kind of internal combustion engine, but are driven entirely using electric motors, which gets its power in different ways other than an engine.

paragraphs: A hybrid is a combination of two things. In this case, it is an electric motor, and another type of power, such as an engine. Because of this, hybrid vehicles are not true electric vehicles.

paragraphs: There are many other types of electric vehicles. A trolley bus (also called a trackless trolley) uses overhead electric lines to power it. Many trains use a railway electrification system to supply power. A few high-speed rail lines use powered magnets in the track to move the train, in a system called 'mag-lev' (magnetic levitation). There are electric bicycles and motorcycles and some tricycles (trikes) like the Corbin Motors Sparrow, which was also seen in the Austin Powers movie Goldmember.

paragraphs: Most freight trains are diesel-electric. The locomotive has a diesel engine which provides electricity, and an electric motor which makes the wheels turn. In recent years, however, there are buses and trains that store their power in a battery or use some other source like fuel cells. These kinds of vehicles do not need wires.

paragraphs: Advantages: These vehicles use an electric motor, so they are very quiet, no smell and no pollution from exhaust gases. They can even be used indoors. Oil for gasoline and diesel is a limited resource - it will not last forever and is becoming more expensive. If the electricity for a battery-electric vehicle comes from a renewable energy source, like a windmill, solar cells, geothermal or hydroelectric, then it will not produce as many global warming gases.

paragraphs: Disadvantages: Batteries do not store a lot of energy, and they are large and heavy, so the vehicles usually cannot go very far. It takes a long time to recharge a battery, sometimes many hours. Good batteries can be very expensive, and all batteries need to be replaced after a while. Most electricity in the United States comes from coal or natural gas, so an electric vehicle that is powered by electricity from one of these plants will still add to global warming gases.


title: Daniel Weisiger Adams

paragraphs: Daniel Weisiger Adams (May 1, 1821 – June 13, 1872) was a noted lawyer and a brigadier general in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War.


title: Lynchburg, Virginia

paragraphs: Lynchburg is an independent city in the U.S. state of Virginia. It is in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains along the banks of the James River. Lynchburg is known as the "City of Seven Hills" and "The Hill City". It is sometimes called "A City Unto Itself" because of the city's historical avoidance of State and Federal entanglements.

paragraphs: At the 2010 census, 75,568 people lived in Lynchburg.


title: Electronic engineering

paragraphs: Electronic engineering is an engineering discipline that investigates the use of electricity and magnetism. Electronic engineers are concerned with such processes as; the use of radio waves, the design of electronic circuits, the design of computer systems, and the development of control systems such as aircraft autopilots and other embedded systems.

paragraphs: The term electronic engineering started to emerge in the late 1950s. Before World War II, electronic engineering was commonly known as a 'radio engineering'. At that time, studying radio engineering at a university was part of a physics degree. Later, as other electronic devices were developed, the field broadened to include radar, television, audio systems, Hi-Fi and later computers and microprocessors. In the mid to late 1950s, the term radio engineering gradually gave way to the name 'electronic engineering', which then became a stand-alone university degree subject.

paragraphs: Engineers must study the sciences of physics and mathematics as these help to get both qualitative and quantitative descriptions of how such systems will work. Today most engineering work involves the use of computers and it is commonplace to use computer-aided technologies when designing electronics systems.


title: Irvine, North Ayrshire

paragraphs: Irvine (Gaelic: "Irbhinn") is a coastal new town in North Ayrshire, Scotland.

paragraphs: Irvine was the site of Scotland's 12th century Military Capital and former headquarters of the Lord High Constable of Scotland, Hugh de Morville. It also served as the Capital of Cunninghame.

paragraphs: The town was once a haunt of Robert Burns, after whom two streets in the town are named: Burns Street and Burns Crescent. He is known to have worked in a flax mill on the Glasgow Vennell. Despite being classed as a new town, Irvine has had a long history stretching back many centuries and was classed as a Royal Burgh. There are also conflicting rumours that Mary, Queen of Scots, was briefly involved in the town's history. Some say she stayed briefly at Seagate Castle. To this day there is still an annual festival, called Marymass, held in the town.

paragraphs: Irvine is the birthplace of the present Deputy First Minister of Scotland, Nicola Sturgeon and the former First Minister of Scotland, Jack McConnell. Its twin town is Saint-Amand-les-Eaux in northern France just outside Lille.


title: North Ayrshire

paragraphs: North Ayrshire (Gaelic: "Siorrachd Inbhir Àir a Tuath", ) is one of 32 council areas of Scotland. It borders onto the areas of Inverclyde to the north, Renfrewshire to the north east, and East Ayrshire, and South Ayrshire to the East and South respectively.

paragraphs: The area was created in 1996 as a successor to the district of Cunninghame which covered exactly the same boundaries. The mainland portion of the council area has historically been part of a greater County of Ayr, however it also contains the islands of Arran, Great Cumbrae and Little Cumbrae in the lower Firth of Clyde. All the islands were previously in the County of Bute.