title: Bing Russell

paragraphs: Bing Russell (May 5, 1926 - April 8, 2003) was an American actor and baseball club owner. He was best known for playing the role of Deputy Clem Foster on "Bonanza", beginning in 1959 and of Robert in "The Magnificent Seven" in 1960.

paragraphs: Russell was the father of Golden Globe nominated actor, Kurt Russell. He was also grandfather of an American actor, Wyatt Russell, who is also a former professional hockey player. Wyatt is the son of Goldie Hawn and Kurt Russell. Russell was also grandfather of a former major league baseball player, Matt Franco, who is Kurt Russell's nephew.

paragraphs: He was born in Brattleboro, Vermont and grew up wanting to be an actor. He studied drama at his high school. As a boy, he became an unofficial mascot of the New York Yankees, becoming friends with the players Lefty Gomez and Joe DiMaggio. Another Yankees batter, Lou Gehrig, gave him the last bat he used to hit a home run before he retired, due to the illness ALS.

paragraphs: Russell was best known for playing the role of the deputy sheriff in "Bonanza" along with Lorne Greene, Michael Landon, and Pernell Roberts. Bonanza was a popular cowboy television series on the NBC network that aired from 1959-1973. He had a cowboy role in the movie "The Magnificent Seven" in 1960. He also guest starred in episodes of many television series during his acting career.

paragraphs: In 1979, Kurt Russell had the role of Elvis Presley in a television movie, "Elvis" and Bing Russell played his father, Vernon Presley.

paragraphs: Bing Russell owned the Portland Mavericks, the only independent team in their league, from 1973 through 1977. He kept more players on his team than he needed, because he thought the players deserved to play for one last season. He believed in his players having fun. Many players who were not good enough for other teams came to his June try-outs. They were always open to anyone who showed up.

paragraphs: Archived movie film of Russell and his team became part of the 2014 documentary, "The Battered Bastards of Baseball".

paragraphs: Kurt Russell, Russell's son, who played for the Mavericks and was vice president for the team, is in the movie. It was directed by Chapman Way and Maclain Way, grandsons of Russell. The movie was first shown at the Sundance Film Festival on January 20, 2014. It began being shown on Netflix on July 11, 2014.

paragraphs: "The Battered Bastards of Baseball" got positive reviews from critics.

paragraphs: Scott Foundas of "Variety", said that "So rife with underdog victors and hairpin twists of fortune that, if it weren't all true, no one would believe it." Duane Byrge, writing in "The Hollywood Reporter", praised the movie. He said that "The Battered Bastards of Baseball is not just about baseball. It transcends the game and is a charming anti-establishment yarn that should delight audiences who don't even know an r.b.i. from a balk."

paragraphs: Dustin Krcatovich, from "Esquire", wrote "easily one of the most raucously entertaining films to come out this year, and the best sports documentary in a while." Katie Walsh of "Indiewire" gave the movie a B+ grade. She said "The Batterered Bastards of Baseball is an entertaining celebration of the independent spirit and the love of the game."

paragraphs: The "New York Daily News" listed the documentary as one of the 10 best movies of 2014.

paragraphs: Russell died from cancer on April 8, 2003 in Thousand Oaks, California.


title: Dorothy Custer

paragraphs: Dorothy Custer (May 30, 1911 – April 22, 2015) was an American comedian, harmonica player, and centenarian. She was best known for her two appearances on "The Tonight Show with Jay Leno". She has become the top featured story of all time on the Boise-based television station KTVB. She has been the subject of many interviews in Idaho and other states.

paragraphs: Custer was born in Twin Falls, Idaho. She had four children. She died in her sleep on April 22, 2015, aged 103.


title: Deloraine, Tasmania

paragraphs: Deloraine is a town on the Meander River, in the central north of Tasmania, Australia. It is 50 km west of Launceston and 52 km south of Devonport along the Bass Highway. It is part of the Meander Valley Council. In 2011 there were 2,741 people living in Deloraine.

paragraphs: The region was explored in 1821 by Captain Roland, who was searching for farm land. Land was granted to new settlers, and the town is now a major farming centre. There are a large number of farms of all types in the area.

paragraphs: Deloraine Post Office opened on 29 October 1836.

paragraphs: The town won the State Tidy Towns award in 1992, 1993 and 1995, and the Australian Community of the Year award in 1997.

paragraphs: The town is a cultural centre and is home to the largest craft fair in the Southern Hemisphere. About 40,000 people come to the annual fair which has 13 venues and over 200 stalls around the town.

paragraphs: The town was bypassed by the new Bass Highway in the early 1990s. However the town is still a popular resting place for travellers. It also serves as a base to explore areas such as Cradle Mountain, the Great Western Tiers, Mole Creek and the Central Highlands.

paragraphs: Deloraine is the educational centre for the region with both primary (Deloraine Primary School and Our Lady of Mercy Catholic School) and high schools (Deloraine High School). Students from other towns come to Deloraine's schools by bus.

paragraphs: Deloraine is served by ABC Television, SBS Television, Tasmanian Digital Television, Southern Cross Tasmania, WIN Television, 91.7 ABC Northern Tasmania and other ABC radio networks, commercial stations 89.3 LAFM and 90.1 Chilli FM and community station 96.9 Meander Valley FM.


title: Vittorio Amuso

paragraphs: Vittorio Amuso (born 1934) is an American mobster from New York City. He was the leader of the Lucchese crime family from 1987 to 2012. He is currently serving a life sentence in prison for murder and racketeering.


title: Hurricane Gert (1993)

paragraphs: Hurricane Gert was a destructive and very deadly tropical cyclone in September 1993. It struck Central America and Mexico. The storm affected almost the same region devastated by Hurricane Diana three years prior, except winds were a little stronger than for Diana. Winds for Gert were 105 miles per hour; ninety lives were lost, and forty three other people were missing due to Hurricane Gert. Despite the devastation, the name Gert was not retired in Spring of 1994.


title: Hurricane Bertha (1996)

paragraphs: Hurricane Bertha of July 1996 was a hurricane of notable status. This storm struck the northeastern Caribbean islands, Puerto Rico and the eastern United States, causing the deaths of almost one dozen persons and leading to $335 million in destruction. The winds from Bertha were 105 miles an hour when she struck eastern North Carolina on July 12 1996. Despite the damage, the name Bertha was not discontinued (retired) in the Spring of 1997).


title: Toni Braxton (album)

paragraphs: Toni Braxton is the self-titled record by the Toni Braxton. It was released in July 1993. Songs on the album include "Breathe Again", "I Belong to You" and "You Mean the World to Me".


title: Adina Howard

paragraphs: Adina Howard (November 14, 1973) is an American R&B singer who was popular in the mid 1990s. She was extremely notable for her hit single "Freak Like Me", though there were other minor songs. She represented with a rather provocative image. Adina was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan.


title: Arthur Kornberg

paragraphs: Arthur Kornberg (March 3, 1918 – October 26, 2007) was an American biochemist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1959 for his discovery of "the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)" with Severo Ochoa of New York University. He was awarded the National Medal of Science in 1979.

paragraphs: His primary research interests were in biochemistry, especially enzyme chemistry, deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis (DNA replication) and studying the nucleic acids which control heredity in animals, plants, bacteria and viruses.

paragraphs: Arthur and Sylvy Kornberg had three sons: Roger Kornberg (1947), Thomas Kornberg (1948), and Kenneth Kornberg (1950). Roger is Professor of Structural Biology at Stanford University, and was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2006. Thomas discovered DNA polymerase II and III in 1970 and is now a professor at the University of California, San Francisco. Kenneth is an architect specializing in the design of biomedical and biotechnology laboratories and buildings.


title: Oceanus Hopkins

paragraphs: Oceanus Hopkins (1620?) was born at sea during the voyage of the "Mayflower" to the New World in 1620. He was the son of Stephen Hopkins and his wife, Elizabeth (Fisher) Hopkins. He was born sometime between 6 September and 9 November 1620. He died before 1627. His body and grave are lost. Oceanus is the Latin word for ocean.


title: Division of Cowper

paragraphs: The Division of Cowper is an Australian electoral division in New South Wales. It was one of 75 divisions set up for the first federal election in 1901. It is named for Charles Cowper, an early Premier of New South Wales. It is on the north coast of New South Wales, and includes the towns of Coffs Harbour, Kempsey, Macksville, Nambucca Heads.

paragraphs: Its most famous member was Sir Earle Page, leader of the Country Party and Prime Minister of Australia in 1939.


title: Carey Mulligan

paragraphs: Carey Hannah Mulligan (born 28 May 1985) is an English actress who made her movie debut in the 2005 movie "Pride & Prejudice". She acted in the 2009 movie "Public Enemies", playing Carole. Carey was born in Westminster, London, England.


title: Allison Iraheta

paragraphs: Allison Iraheta (born April 27, 1992) is an American musician who was fourth place in the eighth season for "American Idol". Her first album "Just Like You" was released in December 2009. She also performs cover songs. Allison was born in Los Angeles.


title: Der Stürmer

paragraphs: Der Stürmer was a weekly newspaper published from 1923 to 1945. It contained propaganda for the policies of the Nazi Party in Germany. It was styled like a tabloid. It printed obscene antisemitic material with the intent to make people hate Jews. This included racist caricatures, accusations of blood libel and sex crimes, and articles about why Jews are a problem.

paragraphs: The paper was published by Julius Streicher. It was first printed in Nuremberg on 20 April 1923. This was at a time when Adolf Hitler was trying to seize power and control over the government. "Der Stürmer" continued to be published until the end of World War II. After the war, Streicher was executed for authorising the publication of articles that demanded the extermination of the Jewish race.


title: Richard Barthelmess

paragraphs: Richard Semler "Dick" Barthelmess (May 9, 1895 – August 17, 1963) was an Oscar-nominated American movie actor. He was nominated for the first Academy Award in the Best Actor category in 1928.

paragraphs: Barthelmess was born in New York City. He went to Hudson River Military Academy and Trinity College at Hartford, Connecticut. He worked in theaters during his school days doing "walk-ons". In college, he played in amateur productions.

paragraphs: He made his first movie appearance in 1916 in a movie serial as an extra. At this time, he also appeared as a supporting player in several movies. Director D. W. Griffith saw him. He cast Barthelmess opposite Lillian Gish in "Broken Blossoms" (1919) and "Way Down East" (1920).

paragraphs: He soon became one of Hollywood's highest paid actors. He was nominated for Best Actor at the first Academy Awards in 1928. He founded a production company, Inspiration Film Company. He starred in the company's "Tol'able David" (1921). This movie was a great success.

paragraphs: Barthelmess made several "talkies". He failed to hold on to the star status of his silent movie days. He joined the United States Navy Reserve during World War II. He was a lieutenant commander. He never went back to movies. He died of cancer in 1963. He was 68. He was buried at Ferncliff Cemetery and Mausoleum in Hartsdale, New York.

paragraphs: Barthelmess married Mary Hay, a stage and movie star. They had one daughter Mary Barthelmess. In 1927, Barthelmess became engaged to Katherine Young Wilson, a Broadway actress. The engagement was called off, possibly due to his affair around this time with the journalist Adela Rogers St. Johns. In 1928, Barthelmess married Jessica Stewart Sargent.

paragraphs: Barthelmess was one of the founders of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. He received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Barthelmess received the George Eastman Award for distinguished contribution to movies.

paragraphs: Composer Katherine Allan Lively dedicated her piano piece, "Within the Walls of China: A Chinese Episode", to Barthelmess. It was published in 1923 by G. Schirmer, Inc. An article in "The Music Trades" reported that Mrs. Lively was inspired by a seeing "Broken Blossoms". She played the piece for Barthelmess and his friends in New York in the summer of 1922.


title: Tol'able David

paragraphs: Tol'able David (1921) is a silent movie starring Richard Barthelmess. It is based on a story by Joseph Hergesheimer. The movie was produced and directed by Henry King for Inspiration Pictures.

paragraphs: The movie was voted a Photoplay Magazine 1921 "medal of honor". In 2007, "Tol'able David" was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

paragraphs: Young David Kinemon, son of West Virginia tenant farmers, wants to be treated like a man by his family and neighbors. He is constantly reminded that he is still a boy and he is only "tol'able" but not a man. He proves himself a man when outlaws move onto a nearby farm.


title: Attack aircraft

paragraphs: Attack aircraft are military aircraft. They are designed for attacking enemy ground or naval forces, especially moving ground or naval forces, like tanks, soldiers, and warships. Such aircraft attack their targets while flying low. They were much used in World War II, and later also took over the job of dive bombers. Attack aircraft can be fighter airplanes or helicopters.


title: Of Plymouth Plantation

paragraphs: Of Plymouth Plantation is a book written by William Bradford between 1630 and 1651. It tells of the Pilgrims, of their years in Holland, their voyage on the "Mayflower", the founding of Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts, and the colony's early years. The book ends with a list written in 1651 of Mayflower passengers and what happened to them.


title: Pequot War

paragraphs: The Pequot War (1634-1638) was fought between the Pequot tribe and settlers of the Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, and Saybrook colonies. The settlers were helped by Native American groups including the Narragansett and Mohegan tribes. Hundreds of people were killed, and hundreds more were sold as slaves in the West Indies. At the end of the war, about 700 Pequots had been killed or captured. The others were forced off their lands and into other areas.


title: Shirley Temple's Storybook

paragraphs: Shirley Temple's Storybook is a television series hosted and narrated by actress Shirley Temple. Its first season of 16 episodes (mostly in black and white) aired on NBC between January 12, 1958 and December 21, 1958. The second season of 25 episodes (all in color) aired on NBC as "The Shirley Temple Show" between September 18, 1960 and July 16, 1961. Fairy tales, children's stories, and some maturer material like "The House of Seven Gables" were adapted for the series.

paragraphs: Well known stars like Charlton Heston and Elsa Lanchester appeared in the series. Several books such as "Shirley Temple's Stories That Never Grow Old" were published around the time the series aired. In 1961, the series was nominated for a prime time Emmy Award for "Outstanding Achievement in the Field of Children's Programming". Selected episodes have been released to VHS and DVD.


title: The Garfield Show

paragraphs: The Garfield Show is a French/American CGI animated television show. It started in France on France 3 on December 22, 2008. English-language episodes started in the United Kingdom on Bommerang on May 5, 2009. The show started airing in the United States on Cartoon Network on November 2, 2009. It is based on the comic strip "Garfield". It is the second "Garfield" television series, after "Garfield and Friends".


title: Rubén Bonifaz Nuño

paragraphs: Rubén Bonifaz Nuño (12 November 1923 – 31 January 2013) was a Mexican poet and classical scholar.

paragraphs: Nuño was born on 12 November 1923 in Córdoba, Veracruz, Mexico. He studied at National Autonomous University of Mexico. Nuño died on 31 January 2013 in Mexico City, Mexico from natural causes, aged 89.


title: Gloria O'Connor

paragraphs: Gloria Noble (April 15, 1929 – June 4, 2013) mostly known as Gloria O'Connor was an American actress. She was known for her role in "The Small Town Girl". She was also in "The Affairs of Dobie Gillis", "Skirts Ahoy!" and "Latin Lovers". Her sister, Tichi Wilkerson Kassel, was the editor and publisher of the Hollywood Reporter and founding president of Women In Film.

paragraphs: Gloria was born on April 15, 1929 in Los Angeles, California. She was raised in Los Angeles, California and Mexico. Gloria met Donald in the MGM commissary while she was having lunch with Liz Taylor. She was married to Donald O'Connor from 1956 until his death in 2003. They had three children, Alicia, Fred, and Kevin. And four grandchildren, Caitlin, Calli, Jackson and Jessi. And Donald's Daughter, Donna. O'Connor died on June 4, 2013 from natural causes in her Thousand Oaks, California home, aged 84.


title: Forklift

paragraphs: A forklift is a type of truck with large metal forks, used for carrying and raising things. It is commonly used in large warehouses. It may also be used outdoors to load and unload trucks and trailers.


title: Donald O'Connor

paragraphs: Donald David Dixon Ronald O’Connor (August 28, 1925 – September 27, 2003) was an American dancer, singer, and actor. He was known for his role as Cosmo Brown in "Singin' in the Rain". He won an Emmy Award and an Golden Globe Award.

paragraphs: O'Connor was born on August 28, 1925 in Chicago, Illinois. He is of Irish descent. O'Connor was married to Gwen Carter from 1944 until they divorced in 1954. Then he was married to Gloria O'Connor from 1956 until his death in 2003. They had two sons. O'Connor died on September 27, 2003 from heart failure in his Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, California home, aged 78.


title: Thousand Oaks, California

paragraphs: Thousand Oaks is a city in southeastern Ventura County, California. It is part of the Greater Los Angeles Area in the United States. The city is located about 14 miles from Los Angeles County, and 35 miles to Downtown Los Angeles. It was named after the many oak trees that grew in the area. The city seal has a picture of an oak tree.


title: UB40

paragraphs: UB40 is an English reggae band. They were formed in 1978 in Birmingham. They are named after an unemployment form at the time. At that time, they used to give £40 to every unemployed person every month. Therefore, the name was derived to be Unemployment Benefit £40 (UB40)


title: Manasa

paragraphs: Manasa (, Manasha) also known as Manasa Devi is the Hindu goddess of snakes and poison. She is mainly worshiped by Hindus for the prevention and cure of snakebites and infectious diseases like smallpox and chicken pox as well as for prosperity and fertility. She is also known as Vishahara (the destroyer of poison), Jagadgaurī, Nityā (eternal) and Padmavati. She stands for both 'destruction' and 'regeneration', almost akin to a snake shedding its skin and being reborn.

paragraphs: Originally Manasa was a Adivasi(tribal) goddess. Manasa was accepted into the Hindu pantheon ( groups of gods and goddesses ) by the lower caste. Later Manasa Swas accepted by the higher caste. She is now regarded as a Hindu goddess rather than a tribal one.

paragraphs: The idol of the goddess is depicted as a graceful lady with her body, adorned with snakes and sitting on a lotus or standing on a snake, under a hooded canopy of seven cobras with usually a geese next to her. She is often seen as 'the one-eyed goddess', and sometimes portrayed with her son Astika on her lap. Her one eye is due to a belief that her stepmother Chandi burnt one of her eyes out of jealousy.

paragraphs: Her myths are emphasize by her bad temper and unhappiness because in many beliefs, her father, Shiva, rejected her and her step-mother Chandi hated her. In some scriptures, Kashyapa is considered to be her father. Her legends are based on her life.

paragraphs: The Mahabharata tells about her marriage. Sage Jagatkāru decided to abstain of marriage. He came across a group of men who were hanging upside down from a tree. These men were his ancestor who were doomed because their children did not perform their last rites. So they asked Jagatkāru to marry and to have a son who can perform the rites to free them. Vasuki offered Jagatkāru his sister, Manasa. Although Jagatkāru was abstaining from marriage he accepted. Manasa gave birth to their son, Astīka. Astīka performed the rites and freed their ancestor. Astīka also helped Nāga from a Yanja, a fire offering by stopping the king Janamejaya.

paragraphs: The Puranas are scriptures that tell the birth of Manasa. The story states that Sage Kashyapa was the father not Shiva. The story narrates that the serpents and reptiles created chaos on the earth. The Sage Kashyapa created Manas out of his mind (mana). The creator God Brahma made Manasa a deity of snakes and poison. Mansa then gained control over the earth by chanting mantras (prayers). Manasa then pleased Shiva, who told her to please Krishna. Because Krishna was pleased he granted her divine Siddhi powers and made her an official goddess by worshiping her ritually.

paragraphs: The Mangalkavyas were devotional paeans (songs) to local deities like Manasa.

paragraphs: Usually Manasa is worshiped without an animal. An earthen pot, a branch tree, and/or an earthen snake image is used. Manasa images are also worshiped too. She is worshiped for cure and prevention of snake bites poison. She is mostly worshiped Bengal. She is worshiped in festivals like Nag Panchami-a snake festival. She is also worshiped in Assam, a musical folk theatre that is dedicated to her myths. Manasa is mainly worshiped during the rainy seasons, when snakes are mainly active.


title: Joanna García

paragraphs: Joanna Leanna García (born August 10, 1979) is an American actress. She acts mostly on television. She has also been in some movies. She played Cheyenne Hart Montgomery in the sitcom "Reba". She played Mia Putney in the sitcom "Better with You". García was born in Tampa, Florida.


title: Jamie-Lynn Sigler

paragraphs: Jamie-Lynn Sigler (born May 15, 1981) is an American actress and singer born in Jericho, New York.

paragraphs: She is best known for playing Meadow Soprano in "The Sopranos". She also played call girl Heidi Fleiss in an American television movie. She was born in Jericho, New York.

paragraphs: In January 2016, Sigler revealed that she was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis when she was 20 years old.


title: Vashi Bridge

paragraphs: The Vashi Bridge, also called Thane Creek Bridge, is a bridge that connects the city of Mumbai to the mainland of India at New Delhi. It is built across the Thane Creek. The bridge links Mankhurd in Mumbai with Vashi in Navi Mumbai, the satellite city of Mumbai. It is one of four entry points into Mumbai, and handles traffic in the region to the west and north of Mumbai.

paragraphs: The first bridge to connect Mumbai to Navi Mumbai was made in 1973. The bridge is 1837 metres in length and has a below-requirement 3 lane carriageway. Within two years of its opening to traffic, corrosion cracks were noticed on some parts of the bridge. This led to a series of extensive repairs. It was then decided to construct a new bridge to replace the faulty one.

paragraphs: Construction on a new bridge began in 1987 and opened in 1997. The original Vashi Bridge or the 1st Thane Creek Bridge remains closed to traffic.

paragraphs: The Maharashtra State Road Development Corporation (MSRDC) has plans to add six more lanes to the Vashi Bridge at an estimated cost of 400 crore.


title: Baneh County

paragraphs: Baneh County () is a county in Kurdistan Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Baneh. At the 2006 census, its population was 116,773, in 24,709 families. Its people speak Kurdish. They are followers of Islam. The county is subdivided into four districts: the Central District, Alut District, Namshir District, and Nanur District. The county has four cities: Baneh, Armardeh, Kani Sur, and Buin-e Sofla.


title: Stress (biology)

paragraphs: Stress is a word used in biology and medicine to describe changes that can be seen in organisms. Stress can be physical or mental. Stress can describe a pressure, like the pressure of a person's upper teeth on their lower teeth while chewing. Stress can also describe an impact, when one object hits another.

paragraphs: Stress describes a living thing's response to a threat or some other change in its environment. This change can be called a "stressor." Stressors can vary in size and impact. A stressor can be internal and come from inside the living thing - like an illness. A stressor can be external, coming from outside the living thing - like an attack.

paragraphs: There are different types of stress. Each type has different characteristics and symptoms.

paragraphs: Organisms can respond to stress in different ways.

paragraphs: Stress may also lead to adaptations, which allow certain organisms to better deal with the stressors. Stress happens every day, and is part of every living thing's life. Too much stress is bad and can cause health problems. Stress plays a part in some physical problems, like heart disease. Stress also plays a part in many mental illnesses, like anxiety, Acute Stress Disorder, and PTSD. Acute Stress Disorder and PTSD are mental illnesses that can happen when a person experiences something that is very terrifying, like a major accident or a war. Another type of stress disorder is a "psychosomatic illness" where a person has physical symptoms that are caused by an emotional stress, not by physical harm.

paragraphs: There are different ways to deal with stress. One tip is to remove yourself from the stressor. For example if a school assignment is causing stress, taking a break from the assignment can be good. This break can include sleeping or engaging in hobbies. Physical activity and exercise reduce stress. Social support from friends and family can be helpful. Health care professionals can help when stress is bad and affects physical or mental health. Relaxing with meditation and deep breathing can also manage stress.


title: Hawking radiation

paragraphs: Hawking radiation is black body radiation which is emitted by black holes, due to quantum effects near the event horizon. It is named after the physicist Stephen Hawking, who provided a theoretical argument for its existence in 1974.

paragraphs: Hawking radiation reduces the mass and the energy of the black hole and is therefore also known as black hole evaporation. Because of this, black holes that lose more mass than they gain through other means are expected to shrink and ultimately vanish.

paragraphs: Hawking radiation is such a small effect that it has never been measured. Micro black holes (MBHs) are predicted to be larger net emitters of radiation than larger black holes (and should thus shrink and dissipate faster), but MBHs have yet to be observed.


title: High-level programming language

paragraphs: In computer science, a high-level programming language is a programming language that does not require knowledge of computer hardware. The advantage with high-level programming languages is that programmers only need to understand the syntax (i.e. the type of structure of the code) of the programming language and don't have to understand computer hardware to program well. Low-level programming languages require knowledge of both the syntax and the hardware they are programming for.

paragraphs: What determines a programming language as "high-level" depends on how much the programming language relies on hardware knowledge. Programming languages that require less knowledge about computer hardware are called "high-level" programming languages. It doesn't matter whether a programming language is considered easy to learn or not.

paragraphs: Rather than dealing with functions of computer hardware, high-level programming languages deal with more abstract concepts. High-level programming languages focus more on what the program will output. An interpreter is required to translate high-level programming language for low-level programming languages to tell the hardware what to do.

paragraphs: High-level programming languages can use variables, arrays, conditional statements, subroutines, loops, and among other functions to help produce the output. High-level programming languages are generally easier to do than low-level programming languages. The syntax used to make a program generally has clearer language than lower-level programming languages.


title: Low-level programming language

paragraphs: In computer science, a low-level programming language is a programming language that involves knowledge of both computer hardware and the coding using to make the computer hardware do actions. The advantage with low-level programming languages compared to high-level programming languages is that they can directly communicate with the computer hardware to do actions. There is less need for an interpreter to convert programming languages into code that the computer understands. Low-level programming languages require knowledge of the hardware to make the most of what the hardware can do.

paragraphs: A programming language can be called "low-level" because the actions the code describes is close to the computer hardware. A "high-level" language can be seen as "far away" or "high above" the computer hardware and closer to the programmer.

paragraphs: What determines a programming language as "low-level" depends on how much the programming language relies on hardware knowledge. Programming languages that require more knowledge about computer hardware are called "low-level" programming languages. It doesn't matter whether a programming language is considered easy to learn or not.

paragraphs: Rather than focus on what the program will output regardless of computer hardware, low-level programming languages deal directly at the computer hardware. Low-level programming languages will aim at what the hardware will actually do to make the actions that have been programmed. An interpreter is required to translate high-level programming language for low-level programming languages to tell the hardware what to do.

paragraphs: Low-level programming languages often use more technical code that is clearer for the hardware to understand. Low-level programming languages are generally harder to do than high-level programming languages due to how technical the syntax is (i.e. the structure of the coding is difficult to understand because of how complex it is).


paragraphs: The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars (also known as Ziggy Stardust) is a concept album by British musician David Bowie, published in 1972. The album reached 5th place in British charts and 75th in American Billboard charts. A film of the same name was directed by Donn Allan Pennibaker in 1973. The album ranks 35th place in the "Rolling Stone" list of 500 Greatest Albums of All Time.


title: Alexander Mackenzie (explorer)

paragraphs: Sir Alexander Mackenzie (1764-1820) was a Scottish explorer who explored the area that is now the Northwest Territories. Mackenzie was born in Stornoway, on the Scottish island of Lewis with Harris in 1764. Mackenzie made his fortune as a fur trader in northwest Canada.

paragraphs: In 1789, Mackenzie left Fort Chipewyan on Lake Athabasca with a small party of Canadians and native guides. He travelled north to Great Slave Lake on a boat or a canoe. Then he followed the river that now bears his name, the Mackenzie River. He was the first European to travel on the Mackenzie River. It took him to the Arctic Ocean. He had hoped the river would lead him to the Pacific Ocean.

paragraphs: In 1801 he wrote the book "Voyages on the River Saint Lawrence and Through the Continent of North America, To the Frozen and Pacific Oceans in the Years 1789 and 1793". This book contains information on native tribes and Canadian history of that time period.


title: Bell AH-1 Cobra

paragraphs: AH-1 Cobra is an American military helicopter. It is an attack helicopter. It is made by Bell Helicopter company. It has one engine. Its first flight was on 7 September 1967. The United States Army don't use the AH-1 any more, and replaced it with the AH-64 Apache. The single-engine AH-1 Cobra is still active in some other countries like Israel and Iran. The United States Marine Corps still use the two-engine Bell AH-1 SuperCobra. The Cobra's weapons are:


title: Jerusalem artichoke

paragraphs: The Jerusalem artichoke ("Helianthus tuberosus"), also called sunroot, sunchoke, earth apple or topinambour, is a species of sunflower native to eastern North America, and found from eastern Canada and Maine west to North Dakota, and south to northern Florida and Texas. It is also cultivated widely across the temperate zone for its tuber, which is used as a root vegetable.

paragraphs: The herbaceous plant is perennial. It can reach heights of up to . The leaves are oval, and grow to to wide, and to long. The plant has been imported to Europe, and it is seen as an invasive species - few animals eat it, and it will take away the space of other plants. This means that often, there is uncontrolled growth.

paragraphs: The plant has been used to make spirits and sugar. It is a food plant for animals such as horses and pigs. People who suffer from diabetes often use it: Up to sixteen percent of the plant is made of the polysaccharide inulin.

paragraphs: In the 1980s, the Jerusalem artichoke also gained some notoriety when its seeds were planted by midwestern US farmers at the prodding of an agricultural pyramid scheme. There was little market for the tuber in that part of the US at the time, but farmers were assured it would soon appear on the commodity market. The only profits were realized by the initial distributors and the first few levels of farmers (who sold their seeds to other levels of the pyramid). As a result, many of the farms that had planted large quantities of the crop were ruined.


title: Elsa Lanchester

paragraphs: Elsa Sullivan Lanchester (28 October 1902 – 26 December 1986) was an English actress in theatre, movies, and television.

paragraphs: After World War I, she began performing in theatre and nightclubs. She met the actor Charles Laughton in 1927. They were married two years later. She began playing small roles in British movies. The couple moved to Hollywood. Lanchester played small movie roles. They became American citizens in 1950.

paragraphs: She played the title character in "Bride of Frankenstein" (1935). She played supporting roles through the 1940s and 1950s. She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for "Come to the Stable" (1949) and "Witness for the Prosecution" (1957).

paragraphs: Following Laughton's death in 1962, Lanchester resumed her career with appearances in such Disney films as "Mary Poppins" (1964), "That Darn Cat!" (1965) and "Blackbeard's Ghost" (1968). One of her last roles was in "Murder By Death" (1976).


title: Moses Fletcher

paragraphs: Moses Fletcher (c.1564–1620/1) was a passenger on the "Mayflower" in 1620 and was one of the signers of the Mayflower Compact.

paragraphs: Fletcher was born in Sandwich in England. He married Mary Evans in 1589 and had 10 children. Fletcher worked as a blacksmith.

paragraphs: Fletcher did not want to be a member of the Church of England. He did not follow some of the Church rules and told others that he did not believe in the teachings of the Church. On June 12, 1609, Moses Fletcher, along with the wife of future "Mayflower" passenger James Chilton and several other persons were excommunicated from the church for the illegal burial of a child.

paragraphs: Fletcher became a Separatist. This religion was illegal in England. He and his family left England with the Chilton family and moved to Leiden in Netherlands. His wife Mary died and he married Sarah, a widow from Leiden.

paragraphs: Fletcher came on the Mayflower without his family.

paragraphs: The "Mayflower" left Plymouth, England on 16 September 1620. There were 102 passengers and 30–40 crew. On 19 November 1620, they spotted land. The "Mayflower" was supposed to land in Virginia Colony, but the ship was damaged and they were forced to land 21 November at Cape Cod now called Provincetown Harbor. They wrote the Mayflower Compact, which made rules on how they would live and treat each other.

paragraphs: Fletcher died in the winter of 1620–1621 in the general sickness.

paragraphs: Fletcher was buried in the Cole's Hill Burial Ground in Plymouth. His name is on the Pilgrim Memorial Tomb.


title: Hurricane Edith (1971)

paragraphs: Hurricane Edith of 1971 was a Category Five hurricane. Edith developed from a tropical disturbance on Sunday, September 5 and rapidly strengthened into a hurricane in the Caribbean Sea. She began strengthening on Thursday, September 9 and then made her first landfall as a 160 mph Category Five storm over northern Central America. She later made landfall in western Louisiana on Thursday, September 16 with winds near 105 miles per hour, triggering a tornado outbreak in the Gulf States area. No deaths were reported in the United States, although thirty five lives were taken elsewhere.


title: Bell Helicopter

paragraphs: Bell Helicopter is an American company that designs and produces military helicopters and tiltrotors. Its center is in Hurst, Texas, near Fort Worth. It has a branch in Quebec, Canada, which produces commercial rotorcrafts.


title: Gina Gillespie

paragraphs: Gina Gillespie (born September 20, 1951) is a former American child actress. She is the sister of ex-Mouseketeer Darlene Gillespie. She played in many television series. She played the role of 'Tess' in "Law of the Plainsman". She was the first child actor to play Pippi Longstocking in a television or movie adaptation of Astrid Lindgren's book. This was on "Shirley Temple's Storybook" in 1961. Gina also played the young Blanche Hudson in "What Ever Happened to Baby Jane?" in 1962.


title: Sukhoi Su-24

paragraphs: Su-24 Fencer is a Russian supersonic attack aircraft. It was first entered the service in 1974 in the Soviet Union. It has variable-sweep wing. It has two engines. It has two seates. It is still active in Russian Air Force. Some other countries have also this airplane. This fighter is active in these countries: Russia, Ukraine, Iran, Algeria, Kazakhstan, Syria, Azerbaijan.


title: Joey Votto

paragraphs: Joseph Daniel "Joey" Votto (born September 10, 1983 in Toronto, Ontario) is a Canadian baseball player. He currently plays as a first baseman for the Cincinnati Reds of Major League Baseball.

paragraphs: He made his MLB debut for the Cincinnati Reds on September 4, 2007. In 2010, he won the National League MVP Award, the National League Hank Aaron Award, as well as the Lou Marsh Trophy which is awarded annually to Canada's top athlete of that year. He signed a 10-year, $225 million contract extension with Cincinnati, running through the 2024 season on April 2, 2012.


title: Norman Fell

paragraphs: Norman Fell (Norman Noah Feld; March 24, 1924 – December 14, 1998) was an American actor of movie and television. He is famous for his role as landlord Mr. Roper on the sitcom "Three's Company" and its spin-off, "The Ropers". He won a Golden Globe Award.

paragraphs: Fell was born on March 24, 1924 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to a Jewish family. He studied at Central High School of Philadelphia and at Temple University. He also studied at The Actors Studio.

paragraphs: Fell was married was married to Diane Weiss from 1961 until they divorced in 1973. Then he was married to Karen Weingard from 1975 until her death in 1995.

paragraphs: Fell died on December 14, 1998 from bone cancer in Los Angeles, California, aged 74.


title: Justin Morneau

paragraphs: Justin Ernest George Morneau (born May 15, 1981 in New Westminster, British Columbia) is a Canadian baseball player. He currently plays as a first baseman for the Minnesota Twins of Major League Baseball.

paragraphs: He made his MLB debut for the Minnesota Twins on June 10, 2003. He won the American League MVP Award in 2006. He also won the 2008 Home Run Derby and two Silver Slugger Awards in 2008.

paragraphs: He wears the number 33 to honour his idol, former NHL goaltender Patrick Roy. He would also not leave the car for hockey games when he was younger until the clock read :33 minutes past the hour.


title: Bass Highway, Tasmania

paragraphs: The Bass Highway is a highway in Tasmania, Australia. It is a part of the National Highway, named National Highway 1. It joins the major cities across the north of the state - Burnie, Devonport and Launceston. The Bass Highway is, like Bass Strait, named for explorer George Bass.

paragraphs: The highway connects the following towns:

paragraphs: From Burnie, the Bass Highway is no longer a National Highway, and connects the following towns:

paragraphs: As part of the National Highway, there have been many changes to the highway. In the 1980s it was made longer to join the southern exit at Launceston which connects to the Midland Highway. Almost the entire length of the highway has been re-aligned to allow for dual carriageway, overtaking lanes, and the bypass of small towns.

paragraphs: Between Launceston and Deloraine, this had included Carrick and Hadspen in the 1980s and Deloraine in the early 1990s. The longest stretch of highway, the Hagley-Westbury bypass, was completed in 2001. People living in the small towns have been concerned that they no longer get passing trade. The 'old' highway, now known as the Meander Valley Highway, is promoted as a tourist route.

paragraphs: The highway between Latrobe and Somerset has had a similar re-alignment. This section of the highway is more of a commuter highway than a tourist highway, and as such the local economy does not rely on passing tourists.


title: Ethnology

paragraphs: Ethnology is part of anthropology. It studies different ethnic groups.


title: Sanjay and Craig

paragraphs: Sanjay and Craig is an American animated television series. It is produced by Nickelodeon. The series was first shown on May 25, 2013.

paragraphs: The show's creators are Jim Dirschberger, Andreas Trolf, and Jay Howell. Howell is also the character designer on "Bob's Burgers". "Sanjay and Craig" is being produced by Will McRobb and Chris Viscardi, the creators of "The Adventures of Pete & Pete".

paragraphs: The show is about the adventures of the title characters, a 12-year-old Indian American human boy named Sanjay Patel, and his best friend, a talking snake named Craig. On a promotional webpage for the show, the network explains that Sanjay and Craig's adventures require that "nobody finds out that Craig can talk".


title: Ryan Dempster

paragraphs: Ryan Scott Dempster (born May 3, 1977 in Gibsons, British Columbia) is a Canadian baseball player. As of 2013, he is a pitcher for the Boston Red Sox of Major League Baseball.

paragraphs: Dempster was drafted by the Texas Rangers in the 3rd round of the 1995 MLB Draft. On August 8, 1996, the Rangers traded him along with Rick Helling to the Marlins for John Burkett. He made his MLB debut for the Florida Marlins on May 23, 1998. He would play for the Marlins from 1998 to 2002.

paragraphs: On July 11, 2002, Dempster was traded to the Cincinnati Reds in exchange for Juan Encarnacion, Wilton Guerrero and Ryan Snare. He played for the Reds from 2002 to 2003. In August 2003, he underwent Tommy John surgery on his right elbow and missed the rest of the season.

paragraphs: He was then released by the Reds and was signed by the Chicago Cubs as a free agent on January 21, 2004. He played for the Cubs from 2004 to 2012 and was then traded to the team that drafted him, the Texas Rangers.

paragraphs: He only played a year with the Rangers however and signed a two-year contract worth $26.5 million with the Boston Red Sox after the 2012 season.

paragraphs: In early June 2009, he released a statement in which he explained the his daughter, Riley Dempster, had DiGeorge syndrome. He released the statement because he wanted to help raise awareness of the genetic disease. When he was asked if his daughter would be able to lead a normal life, he replied, "Yeah, she will. There can be (problems), but so far all the signs are good. There’s a lot of work to do. They say there are 186 symptoms you can have. You just check off ones as you go along". His daughter was able to go home in early June after 2 months in the hospital.


title: Ben Casey

paragraphs: Ben Casey is an American medical drama television series. It ran on ABC from 1961 to 1966. The series starred Vince Edwards and Sam Jaffe.

paragraphs: Ben Casey is a young, intense but idealistic surgeon at County General Hospital. His mentor is Doctor David Zorba, At the beginning of the 1965 season, Jaffe left the show and Franchot Tone replaced him as new Chief of Surgery, Doctor Daniel Niles Freeland. The show began running multi-episode stories and Casey developed a romantic relationship with a patient who had just emerged from a coma after thirteen years.

paragraphs: In 1988, the television movie, "The Return of Ben Casey", with Vince Edwards in his role as Casey, aired in television syndication. The pilot was not picked up by the major networks to bring the series back.


title: The Big Parade

paragraphs: The Big Parade is a 1925 silent movie. It was directed by King Vidor. It stars John Gilbert as James Apperson and Renée Adorée as Melisande. It was adapted by Harry Behn and King Vidor from the play by Joseph Farnham and the autobiographical novel "Plumes" by Laurence Stallings.

paragraphs: It tells the story of an idle rich boy who joins the US Army's Rainbow Division and is sent to France to fight in World War I. He becomes friends with two working class men, experiences the horrors of trench warfare, and finds love with a French girl.

paragraphs: In 1992 "The Big Parade" was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

paragraphs: "The Big Parade" was one of the greatest hits of the 1920s earning gross rentals of $4,990,000 in North America and $1,141,000 overseas on a budget of $382,000 during its initial release, The film ultimately grossed $18–$22 million in worldwide rentals and is sometimes proclaimed as the most successful film of the silent era.


title: Tornado emergency

paragraphs: A tornado emergency is a stronger wording of tornado warnings used by the National Weather Service in the United States. It is used when a large, powerful tornado is in an area with a lot of people. It means that a very large amount of damage and a high possibility of a lot of deaths are expected.

paragraphs: The term was first used on May 3, 1999 when an F5 tornado hit just south of Oklahoma City in Moore. Between 5:30 and 6:00 PM, a large, powerful tornado was heading for Oklahoma City, leading to the first tornado emergency.

paragraphs: If people are in a tornado's path, they should follow these safety tips:


title: California Girls

paragraphs: "California Girls" is a song by the American rock group The Beach Boys. Upon its release in summer 1965 the song hit #3 on "Billboard Hot 100". The song was covered and sampled by other artists. It was the inspiration for the similar titled "California Gurls", performed by Katy Perry. The song is about young women on the beaches in the state of California.


title: Purr by Katy Perry

paragraphs: Purr is a fragrance created by singer Katy Perry. Her love for cats gave her the idea to create this perfume and its design. The perfume comes in many scents. It was released in November 2010. It comes in cat-shaped bottles. In the United States, it can only be bought at Nordstrom.


title: Cole's Hill

paragraphs: Cole's Hill is the site of the first cemetery used by the Pilgrims in Plymouth Colony. This is where they buried those who died in the winter of 1620-1621. Many were buried in secret and at night and corn was planted over their graves. This was to prevent the Native Americans from knowing how many of them had died. The hill is named after John Cole who built a house there in 1697. During the American Revolutionary War and again during the War of 1812 cannon were placed there behind earthworks to protect the town.

paragraphs: The hill is located on Carver Street. It is across the street from Plymouth Rock. Cole's Hill was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1960. On the top of the hill is a statue of Massasoit, who befriended the Pilgrims. There is also a monument to the Pilgrims who died during the winter of 1620-21.


title: Cracker Jack

paragraphs: Cracker Jack is a brand of snack food that is made of molasses-flavored candy-coated popcorn and peanuts. The food is packaged with a prize of very minor value inside. Some food historians consider Cracker Jack the first junk food. An early version of Cracker Jack was sold at the first Chicago World's Fair in 1893. In 1896, the first lot of Cracker Jack was made. A taster remarked, "That's crackerjack!" (meaning "of excellent quality"). It became the product name.


title: Neonatal diabetes mellitus

paragraphs: Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is a type of diabetes. It happens during the first 6 months of human life. Infants with this condition do not produce enough insulin. This causes an increase of blood sugar. NDM is often mistaken for the much more common Type 1 diabetes, although type 1 often happens after the first 6 months of life. In almost 60% of those with NDM, this condition lasts their whole life.

paragraphs: Symptoms of NDM include thirst, frequent urination and dehydration. Most fetuses with NDM do not grow properly in the uterus. Newborns are much smaller than most other newborns. After birth, many babies do not gain enough weight or grow as rapidly as other babies.


title: Rosacea

paragraphs: Rosacea is a chronic facial condition that is characterized through acne and redness. It can happen to people of any age. It gets worse if left untreated. There are four types of rosacea, three involving human skin and the fourth affecting eyes.

paragraphs: Rosacea affects mostly Caucasians, though some other races can be affected. Rosacea affects both males and females. Females are three times more likely than males to get rosacea. Things that can cause rosacea are exposure of the face to extreme temperature, the heat of sunlight, severe sunburn, stress, anxiety, alcohol and spicy foods. Most people with rosacea have only mild redness and are never officially diagnosed or treated.


title: Pimple

paragraphs: Pimples (also called zits) are a type of acne. They are caused by oil getting trapped in the pores of the skin. Pimples often happen during adolescence or puberty. Practicing good hygiene is essential, but even that might not prevent all pimples.


title: Root vegetable

paragraphs: Root vegetables are roots of plants, which are used as vegetables. In this context, the term "root" is used to refer to an underground part of the plant. This is not necessarily its root, in the biological sense.

paragraphs: Examples of root vegetables are carrots, potatoes, radishes, turnips, and onions.


title: Periwinkle

paragraphs: The common name of plants in two genera in the family Apocynaceae:


title: Ur (supercontinent)

paragraphs: UR was a supercontinent, on the Earth, that formed 3.1 billion years ago in the early Archaean eon (during the Mesoarchaean era). It might have been the oldest continent on Earth, half a billion years older than Arctica. However, one other supercontinent, Vaalbara, may have come before Ur. Vaalbara might have formed about 3.6 billion years ago.

paragraphs: Ur joined with the continents Nena and Atlantica about 1 billion years ago to form the supercontinent Rodinia. Ur had survived as a single unit, until it was separated when the supercontinent Pangaea broke apart into Laurasia and Gondwana.

paragraphs: Rocks that made up Ur are now parts of Africa, Australia, and India.

paragraphs: In the early period of Ur's existence, it was probably the only continent on Earth. Therefore, scientists call Ur a supercontinent, even though it was probably smaller than Australia is now. Today's New Zealand is similar to Ur, but rotated 90 degrees out of phase, and about too far south.

paragraphs: When Ur was the only continent on Earth, all other land was in the form of small granite islands and small land-masses like Vaalbara, which were not large enough to be continents.


title: Afet İnan

paragraphs: Ayşe Afet İnan (November 29, 1908 - June 8, 1985) was a Turkish historian and sociologist. She was an adopted daughter of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.

paragraphs: Afet İnan was born to İsmail Hakkı Uzmay and his wife Şehzane Hanım in 29 November 1908 in Salonica Vilayet, Ottoman Empire. In 1935, Afet İnan went to Switzerland again and studied as a student at the University of Geneva between 1936 and 1938. In 1950, she became a professor at the University of Ankara.

paragraphs: She was one of the prominent historians of Turkish history. She was a leading member of the Turkish Historical Society.

paragraphs: She died in June 8, 1985 in Ankara, Turkey.


title: 1931 Belize hurricane

paragraphs: The 1931 Belize hurricane was a severe tropical cyclone that took place in September 1931. It killed more than twenty-five hundred in Central America, including Belize (called British Honduras at that time). The hurricane struck Belize City with winds near 135 miles per hour. The storm hit on September 10, and then traveled westward over the Yucatán Peninsula of eastern Mexico. It later weakened over the Bay of Campeche, made its final landfall near the northern Mexico-south central Texas border, and then died.


title: Alto Adige

paragraphs: Alto Adige is the Italian name of an area around the Alps from where it is originated the second main river in northern Italy: the "Adige". The history of the name indicates that the etymology comes from the river Adige, with "alto" meaning upper, because the upper part of the river flows through the province. The name was first created by the Napoleonic French to distinguish (point out difference) this Italian-speaking area from the Austrian empire's Tyrol, directly north.

paragraphs: The name "Alto Adige" was coined (created) in the late eighteenth century by Napoleon, when he occupied the territory of northern Italy near the Alps.

paragraphs: In Italy, Alto Adige currently has the full name "Provincia autonoma di Bolzano - Alto Adige", but usually the name Alto Adige is used, since academic Ettore Tolomei made it official in Italy after the Great War.

paragraphs: This was the name of the French administrative division known as the "Department of Alto Adige" ("Dipartimento dell'Alto Adige"), created during Napoleon's "Kingdom of Italy" in 1810, which is related to the river Adige born in this province.

paragraphs: Today it is the Italian name of the part of Tyrol that was south of the Brenner Pass. Together with Trentino it forms the Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol: legally the capital is Trento, but in practice, Bolzano also has this function.

paragraphs: Just after WWII about sixty five percent of the population spoke German as their mother tongue, about a third spoke Italian, and about five percent spoke the Latin language. In the 2011 census the percentages were: 63%, 23% and 4% (another 10% are immigrants from outside Italy).

paragraphs: During French control of the region, South Tyrol was officially named "Haut Adige" to get rid of relation to the historic "County of Tyrol" of Austria.

paragraphs: The District of Alto Adige was created by Napoleon as part of the Dipartamento del Benaco in his Cisalpine Republic, and was near Verona. This Benaco department, created in 1797, was gotten rid of in 1798 as a result of administrative changes to the Cisalpine Republic.

paragraphs: Some years later, Napoleon created the Department Alto Adige further north; this department was a part of the Kingdom of Italy from 1810 to 1814.

paragraphs: It was created the Department of Alto Adige with the division of the Austrian Tyrol between French Bavaria and the Kingdom of Italy, and included the southern part of Germanized Tyrol with the city of Bolzano with surroundings (along with the Trentino).

paragraphs: The boundaries were made by Austrian and German commissioners, saying that a territory would belong to the Kingdom of Italy if it is inhabited by Italians, according to the principle: "belonging to the Kingdom of Italy because inhabited by Italians" ("" ).

paragraphs: This shows that Bolzano was a mostly Italian town in Napoleonic times, and that in the following century was "Germanized" (as in the 1911 Austrian census, Bolzano was mostly German-speaking, at almost 91%).

paragraphs: Indeed, between the Renaissance and the 19th century, the whole area, originally populated by Latins from the time of Roman Empire, experienced a lot of Germanization. In the centuries before Napoleon, only the Dolomite's area of the western part of the present province of Bolzano (especially the Val Venosta near Merano) remained neolatin.


title: Squanto

paragraphs: Squanto (or Tisquantum, 1580? – November 1622) was a Native American who helped the Pilgrims survive in the New World. He learned to speak English and was hired as a guide and interpreter. He taught the Pilgrims to plant corn. Squanto had much power among the Native Americans and the Pilgrims. He abused it, and barely escaped an Indian execution. He died in 1622 while making a trip around Cape Cod.

paragraphs: Squanto was born around 1580 in the area of present day Plymouth, Massachusetts. He was a member of the Paxutet people. Little is known about his early life. Squanto is thought to have been kidnapped as a young boy along the coast of Maine, and taken to England in 1605. He was taught English. He was hired as a guide and interpreter. He returned to his homeland with John Smith in 1614.

paragraphs: In 1614, Squanto and 23 other Indians were kidnapped by a lieutenant under Smith. This lieutenant sold him and the rest of the Indians as slaves in Malaga, Spain. Many historians have disputed what happened in this period of his life, as there is no written record. One theory is that once the Spanish found out these slaves were from the New World, Spanish friars rescued the remaining Indians, including Squanto, by purchasing them. They sent him on his way to England. It is not known what happened to the others. This is where he was taught English and the ways of the white man. He was employed by John Slaney of the Newfoundland Company, and was sent to Newfoundland around 1617, as an interpreter. He returned to his homeland in North America in 1619.

paragraphs: Upon Squanto's arrival, he discovered his people had been wiped out by disease; he was the sole survivor of the Paxutet people. The Wampanoag people adopted him, although not without hesitation. The chief, Massasoit was suspicious of Squanto due to his exposure with the white man and his new ability to speak their language. He knew Squanto's knowledge of English would help with trade, so he kept him.

paragraphs: In the spring of 1620, the made landfall in , then mainland. They set camp on the same grounds of Squanto's people--they called this colony, . After the harsh conditions of winter, about half of the colonists died. In the spring of 1621, an Indian who made friend with the English settlers, Samoset took Squanto to the Pilgrim settlement of Plymouth. Samoset could only speak broken English, while Squanto was seen as a master. Squanto was soon living with the people of Plymouth.

paragraphs: He joined them in meeting with Indian tribes. He helped to keep the peace. Tradition says he taught the Pilgrims to catch eels. William Bradford wrote that Squanto was of great help in the first year's spring planting of corn. He showed the Pilgrims both how to plant it and how to tend it. He showed them how to use fish as a fertilizer.

paragraphs: Over the year, Squanto's power went to his head. He told the natives that he had the power to send the white man's plague or to make them attack.This was one of many shady deals he conducted with both the Pilgrims and the natives. He was found out, and barely escaped an Indian execution.

paragraphs: In November 1622, Squanto fell ill with a fever while on a trip around Cape Cod with William Bradford. He may have been poisoned by the Wampanoag. He bled at the nose, and said it was a certain sign of death. He asked Bradford to pray to the Christian god so he might enter Heaven. He gave some gifts to others. He died a few days later in what is now Chatham, Massachusetts.

paragraphs: A Disney Movie loosely based on Squanto's Life: was released a year before Pocahontas.


title: Philippe Coutinho

paragraphs: Philippe Coutinho Correia (born 12 June 1992 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) is a Brazilian professional footballer. He plays for Spanish club Barcelona and the Brazil national team. He plays as an attacking midfielder or winger.

paragraphs: Coutinho started his career at Vasco da Gama in Brazil. He joined Italian side Internazionale of Serie A in 2008. From there, he was loaned to Vasco da Gama and Espanyol in La Liga. In January 2013, he signed for Premier League club Liverpool for £8.5m. In 2018, he signed for FC Barcelona for £142m.

paragraphs: Coutinho has played for the Brazil national team since 2010. He played for them during the 2015 Copa América, the Copa América Centenario, and during the 2018 FIFA World Cup qualifiers (CONMEBOL).


title: Blue Slide Park

paragraphs: Blue Slide Park is the debut studio album by American rapper Mac Miller. It was released on November 8, 2011, by Rostrum Records. In July 2011, the title was announced, having been named after a section of Frick Park (which is known as "Blue Slide Park") in Pittsburgh. The park section is at the corner of Beechwood Blvd and Nicholson Street, which is just two blocks from Taylor Allderdice High School where Miller attended. The album cover was designed by his older brother Miller McCormick and Redtape Design.


title: Rancho Mirage, California

paragraphs: Rancho Mirage is a resort city in Riverside County, California, United States. The population was 17,218 at the 2010 census, up from 13,249 at the 2000 census. The seasonal (part-time) population can surpass 20,000. Many famous people lived here including Frank Sinatra, Bob Hope, Fred Astaire, Ginger Rogers, Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, Ronald Reagan, Queen Elizabeth II, and Tom Bosley.


title: Paterson, New Jersey

paragraphs: Paterson is a city in and the county seat of Passaic County, New Jersey, United States. It is located in the New York City Metropolitan Area. Alexander Hamilton and several other men started the town in 1791 to build watermills. As of the 2010 United States Census, its population was 146,199. Former New Jersey Senator Frank Lautenberg and U.S Representative Bill Pascrell were born there.


title: Jim Gaffigan

paragraphs: James Christopher "Jim" Gaffigan (born July 7, 1966) is an American stand-up comedian and actor. He is known for his roles in "Beyond the Pale", "That '70s Show", "My Boys" and in "Chappaquiddick".

paragraphs: Gaffigan was born on July 7, 1966 in Chesterton, Indiana. He studied at La Lumiere School, at Purdue University, and at Georgetown University. Gaffigan has been married to Jeannie Noth since 2003. They have five children.


title: John Wooden

paragraphs: John Robert Wooden (October 14, 1910 – June 4, 2010) was an American basketball player and coach. Nicknamed the "Wizard of Westwood", he won ten NCAA national championships in a 12-year period—seven in a row. Wooden was named a member of the Basketball Hall of Fame as a player (inducted in 1961) and as a coach (in 1973), the first person ever to be in both categories. He was a Democrat.

paragraphs: Wooden was born on October 14, 1910 in Hall, Indiana. He studied at Purdue University. Wooden was married to Nellie Riley from 1932 until her death in 1985. They had two children. Wooden died on June 4, 2010 in Los Angeles, California from natural causes, aged 99 .


title: Dani Harmer

paragraphs: Dani Harmer (born 8 February 1989) is an English actress, Best known for her portrayal as Tracy Beaker in programmes like: The Story of Tracy Beaker and Tracy Beaker Return She was an extra in "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone". She is also a singer-songwriter. She released a single called "Free".

paragraphs: Harmer also appeared on appeared on "Strictly Come Dancing" in 2012.


title: Burial Hill

paragraphs: Burial Hill is a cemetery in Plymouth, Massachusetts. It dates to the 1620s. "Mayflower" passengers are buried here including William Bradford and William Brewster.


title: Pierre Mauroy

paragraphs: Pierre Mauroy (5 July 1928 – 7 June 2013) was a French Socialist Party politician who was Prime Minister of France from 1981 to 1984 under President François Mitterrand. Mauroy also served as Mayor of Lille from 1973 to 2001. At the time of his death Mauroy was the emeritus mayor of the city of Lille.

paragraphs: Mauroy was born on 5 July 1928 in Cartignies, Nord, France. He studied at École Normale Nationale d'Apprentissage and at the Institut d'études politiques de Paris. Mauroy was married to Gilberte Deboudt from 1951 until his death in 2013. They had one son. Mauroy died on 7 June 2013 in Paris, France from lung cancer, aged 84.


title: Willi Sitte

paragraphs: Willi Sitte (28 February 1921 – 8 June 2013) was a German painter. For a long time, he was the president of the East German association of visual artists.

paragraphs: Sitte was born on 28 February 1921 in Kratzau, Bohemia, Czechoslovakia to German parents. He was never married and had no children. Sitte died on 8 June 2013 in Halle, Germany from natural causes, aged 92.


title: 1919 Florida Keys hurricane

paragraphs: The Florida Keys Hurricane of 1919 was a strong hurricane in September 1919. It killed more than 770 people. It moved through the Florida Keys and southern Texas. It was the first such storm to cause a lot of damage in Corpus Christi, Texas. This storm did $22 million in damage. In Texas alone, the official number of deaths was 286, but it may have been closer to 600. The winds were around Category 3 level between Brownsville and Corpus Christi. They were at Category 4 levels over the Florida Keys.


title: Myles Standish Burial Ground

paragraphs: The Myles Standish Burial Ground (also known as Old Burying Ground or Standish Cemetery) is a cemetery in Duxbury, Massachusetts. Myles Standish and other Pilgrims are buried here.


title: Hurricane Easy (1950)

paragraphs: Hurricane Easy was a powerful Atlantic hurricane in September 1950. It struck Cuba, Florida and then turned inland, eventually dying over Arkansas. The peak winds of Hurricane Easy were 125 mph, at which time this storm was at Category 3 level. The cyclone struck near Cedar Key, Florida on September 5 and well north of Tampa again the following day. No direct deaths came from the storm, although two indirect deaths did take place.


title: 1947 Fort Lauderdale hurricane

paragraphs: The Fort Lauderdale Hurricane of 1947 was a very intense Atlantic hurricane. It affected the Bahamas, southern Florida and the Gulf Coast of the United States. The hurricane struck the Bahamas September 16, 1947, and Florida on September 18. In Florida, between 12 and 19 people died. On September 18 and 19 the storm cut into Louisiana. It also affected Mississippi. Thirty four people died from this hurricane in the Gulf Coast. 51 people died. The storm's winds reached 160 miles per hour, making this hurricane a Category 5.


title: Guillain–Barré syndrome

paragraphs: Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS), sometimes Landry's paralysis or Guillain–Barré–Strohl syndrome is a syndrome that causes weakness of the feet and hands. Guillain–Barré syndrome is rare, at 1–2 cases per 100,000 people annually, but is the most common cause of acute non-trauma-related paralysis. The syndrome is named after the French physicians Georges Guillain and Jean Alexandre Barré, who described it in 1916.


title: Henry Samson

paragraphs: Henry Samson (c. 1603 – 1685) was a passenger on the "Mayflower" in 1620. Samson was baptized in Henlow, Bedfordshire, England on 15 January 1603/04. He was a son of James Samson and his wife Martha (Cooper) Samson.

paragraphs: At about sixteen, Henry Samson sailed on the Mayflower in the company of his aunt and uncle Ann (Cooper) Tilley and Edward Tilley and a cousin, Humility Cooper. The Tilleys died in the winter of 1620-21. Samson and Cooper were cared for by other families, but which ones are not known.

paragraphs: Samson was active in Plymouth Colony. He received land grants, volunteered for the Pequot War of 1637, and did jury duty. He married Anne Plummer on 6 February 1635/6 in Plymouth. They had nine children between about 1638 and about 1654. He died on 3 January 1685. His wife died before him, date unknown. Both were buried in Cole's Hill Burial Ground in Plymouth.


title: Substitutionary atonement

paragraphs: Substitutionary atonement is an important part of Christianity. Christians believe that Jesus was crucified in the place of sinners- he was a substitute, meaning that he took the place of the sinners.


title: Paul Cellucci

paragraphs: Argeo Paul Cellucci (April 24, 1948 – June 8, 2013) was an American politician and diplomat. He was the 69th Governor of Massachusetts and United States Ambassador to Canada.

paragraphs: Cellucci was born on April 24, 1948 in Hudson, Massachusetts. He studied at Boston College Law School and the private Hudson Catholic High School. Cellucci was married to Jan Cellucci until his death in 2013. They had two children.

paragraphs: On November 3, 1998, Paul Cellucci was elected as Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, narrowly defeating Democratic attorney general Scott Harshbarger. He had successfully fought off a challenge from State Treasurer Joe Malone in the September primary. He was sworn in as the 69th Governor of Massachusetts on January 7, 1999.

paragraphs: On April 10, 2001, Cellucci resigned to become U.S. Ambassador to Canada, being appointed by President George W. Bush. This made him the second consecutive Massachusetts governor to resign in order to assume an ambassadorship: his predecessor William Weld resigned after being nominated to be Ambassador to Mexico by President Bill Clinton. (Weld was never confirmed by the United States Senate, however, and hence never was Ambassador.)

paragraphs: In 2008, Cellucci has said that after thirty-five years in public service he had no intention of seeking further office, and that while he had no interest in serving as Vice President, he did not exclusively rule it out. He supported John McCain's candidacy for president in 2008.

paragraphs: On January 6, 2011, Cellucci announced his amyotrophic lateral sclerosis diagnosis, and that it was progressing relatively slowly. Cellucci died on June 8, 2013 in Hudson, Massachusetts from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, aged 65.


title: Sacrifice

paragraphs: A sacrifice is giving something up. In many religions, it usually is about giving something to God or gods. Many Pagan peoples made human sacrifices and animal sacrifices. The Greek play "Iphigenia" by Euripides contains an example of this. In the Old Testament, Jewish people followed the laws about animal sacrifices in the book of Leviticus. Cows and pigeons were killed to make atonement with God. In the New Testament, Christ's death on the cross is seen as substitutionary atonement for sin.


title: Iphigenia

paragraphs: Iphigenia is the daughter of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra in Greek myth. She is a heroine in plays by Euripides and Jean Racine.


title: Ground blizzard

paragraphs: A ground blizzard is where snow or ice on the ground is lifted and blown around by strong winds. Unlike a regular blizzard, there is no snow or ice falling at the time. Instead, the snow or ice is already on the ground, being lifted by strong winds. Like a regular blizzard, a ground blizzard can lower visibility and make driving hard to do.


title: Andy Kaufman

paragraphs: Andrew Geoffrey "Andy" Kaufman (January 17, 1949 – May 16, 1984) was an American entertainer, comedian, actor, and singer. Kaufman was known for his role as Latka Gravas in the comedy television series "Taxi" and for creating Tony Clifton, a fictional character.

paragraphs: Kaufman was born in New York City to a Jewish family. He was raised in Great Neck, Long Island, New York. Kaufman studied at Grahm Junior College. He was never married and had no children.

paragraphs: Kaufman died on May 16, 1984 in West Hollywood, California from a rare case of lung cancer, aged 35. He was buried at Beth David Cemetery, Elmont, New York.

paragraphs: Kaufman allegedly told many people—including Bob Zmuda—that he wished to fake his own death. This had caused some fans to believe Kaufman was still alive when he died. Kaufman himself said that if he were to fake his death, he would return 20 years later, which would have been in 2004. Many of Kaufman's fans saw a picture that looks similar to that of Andy.

paragraphs: There is a website related to this theory, and, recently, "a grainy video has surfaced that purports to show Kaufman living under an assumed name in Albuquerque, New Mexico.


title: Richard Ramirez

paragraphs: Ricardo Leyva Muñoz Ramirez, known as Richard Ramirez (February 29, 1960 – June 7, 2013) was an American serial killer, rapist, and burglar who died while awaiting execution on California's death row. He killed 13 people, tried to kill 5 people, raped 11 people, and burglarized 14 buildings. He was captured on August 31, 1985.

paragraphs: Ramirez was born on February 29, 1960 in El Paso, Texas. He was raised in Los Angeles, California. In 1996, Ramirez married Doreen Lioy when he was in prison. Ramirez died of lymphoma at Marin General Hospital in Greenbrae, California on the morning of June 7, 2013. He was 53 years old. At the time of his death, Ramirez had been on death row for more than 23 years, awaiting execution by the state of California.


title: Hurricane Edouard (1996)

paragraphs: Hurricane Edouard was the strongest hurricane in 1996. Its winds reached 145 miles an hour. Edouard was at major hurricane status for around eight days. The storm was originally forecast to slam the Northeastern United States. It was much less severe there.

paragraphs: Edouard generated strong waves that killed two people on the coastal shore of New Jersey. The southeast coast of Massachusetts received minor hurricane force winds that caused minimal damage on Nantucket Island.

paragraphs: The name Edouard was not retired due to lack of serious damage. The name was used again in the 2002, 2008 and 2014 Atlantic hurricane seasons, and will be again during 2020.


title: Hook echo

paragraphs: A hook echo is a hook shape seen on a weather radar of some supercell thunderstorms. It is produced by rain, hail, or even debris wrapping around the thunderstorm. A hook echo is a sign that a tornado has formed or is forming. If a hook echo is seen on radar, the National Weather Service may issue a tornado warning.


title: Hurricane Lili (1996)

paragraphs: Hurricane Lili of 1996 was an intense storm. It caused over $662 million in damage and killed 22 people. It caused much damage in Central America, Cuba, Bahamas and United Kingdom. It also brushed southwestern Florida, but damage there was minimal. Winds of Lili peaked at 115 mph. Despite the heavy damage, the name Lili was not discontinued (retired) in the Spring of 1997.


title: Érik Bédard

paragraphs: Érik Joseph Bédard (born March 6, 1979 in Navan, Ontario) is a Canadian baseball player. As of 2013, he is a pitcher for the Houston Astros of Major League Baseball.

paragraphs: He made his MLB debut for the Baltimore Orioles on April 17, 2002. He played for the Orioles in 2002 but suffered an elbow ligament injury that forced him to have operations on it and set his development back 18 months. After he spent most of the 2003 season in rehab, he returned to baseball. On July 7, he struck out 15 Texas Rangers, which matched the Orioles franchise record that was set by Mike Mussina. His 15 strikeouts also set the record for the most in a game by a Canadian player. He earned the American League Pitcher of the month award in that month.

paragraphs: On February 8, 2008, he was traded to the Seattle Mariners in a 5-for-1 deal which sent outfielder Adam Jones and pitchers George Sherrill, Tony Butler, Chris Tillman and Kam Mickolio. He played for the Mariners from 2008 to 2009 and again in 2011.

paragraphs: On July 31, 2011, he was traded along with minor league pitcher Josh Fields to the Boston Red Sox for minor league outfielders Trayvon Robinson and Chih-Hsien Chiang as part of a three team deal with the Los Angeles Dodgers and Seattle Mariners.

paragraphs: He played for the Red Sox in 2011. He was then signed by the Pittsburgh Pirates to a one-year, $4.5 million contract on December 7, 2011. He was released by the Pirates in August after he had 7 wins, 14 losses and an ERA of 5.02 in 24 starts.

paragraphs: On January 21, 2013, the Houston Astros signed him to a minor-league deal.


title: Hurricane Chantal (1989)

paragraphs: Hurricane Chantal was a moderate hurricane that struck eastern Texas on August 1, 1989. It was Category 1 under the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. It caused thirteen deaths and $100 million in damage in Texas and Louisiana. Near the end of its life, Chantal caused some flooding in the Chicago metropolitan area.


title: 32 fouettés en tournant

paragraphs: 32 fouettés en tournant is a movement in classical ballet. It is 32 "fouettés en tournant" performed without stopping.

paragraphs: One "fouetté rond de jambe en tournant" is an action where the dancer stands for a moment on flat foot with the supporting knee bent as the other "working" leg is whipped around to the side, creating the impetus to spin one turn. The working leg is then pulled in to touch the supporting knee as the dancer rises up "en pointe" on the supporting foot.

paragraphs: 32 fouettés were first performed by Pierina Legnani in Marius Petipa's "Cinderella" in 1893.

paragraphs: Konstantin Skalkovsky, the dance critic for the "St. Petersburg Gazette", went to the first performance of "Cinderella". He reported that "...in the last act Legnani positively outdid herself. When Emma Bessone danced the lead in "The Haarlem Tulip" she did 14 fouettés. In her variation Legnani performed 32 of them without stopping, and without travelling one inch! The public delightedly applauded the Ballerina and compelled her to repeat this variation as well. On the repetition she nevertheless did 28 fouettés. To count them became the favourite occupation of the public."

paragraphs: Legnani repeated this feat again in many other ballets during her career. She performed them as Odile in the "Black Swan Pas de Deux" from "Swan Lake" (1895).


title: Zephyrus

paragraphs: Zephyrus is the West Wind in Greek mythology. He is married to Iris and their child is Pothus.


title: Alfonso Cabello Llamas

paragraphs: Alfonso Cabello Llamas (born September 19, 1993 in Córdoba) is a cyclist from Spain. He has a disability: He is a C5 type athlete. He competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in cycling. He was the first person to finish in the C 4-5 1 kilometer race.


title: Miguel Angel Clemente Solano

paragraphs: Miguel Angel Clemente Solano (born December 19, 1969 in Murcia) is a cyclist from Spain. He has a disability: He is blind. He competed at the 2004 Summer Paralympics in cycling. He competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in cycling. He was the third person to finish in the men's visually impaired team pursuit race.


title: Maurice Far Eckhard Tió

paragraphs: Maurice Far Eckhard Tio (born July 26, 1983 in Barcelona) is a cyclist from Spain. He has a disability: He has cerebral palsy and is a C2 type athlete. He competed at the 2004 Summer Paralympics in cycling. He competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in cycling. He competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in cycling. He was the third person to finish in the C2 road trial race.


title: Johnson County, Iowa

paragraphs: Johnson County is in the US state of Iowa. Its county seat and main city is Iowa City, where the University of Iowa is. Over 130,000 people live in this county.


title: María Ángeles Fernández Lebrato

paragraphs: María Angeles Fernandez Lebrato (born September 12, 1970 in Valladolid) is a cyclist and swimmer from Spain. She has a disability: She is blind and is an B2/S12 type athlete. She competed at the 1996 Summer Paralympics in swimming. She was the second swimmer to finish in the 200 meter one person medley and the 100 meter freestyle. She was the third swimmer to finish in the 50 meter freestyle race, 400 meter freestyle race and the 4 x 100 medley Relay 49 Points race. She competed at the 2000 Summer Paralympics in cycling.


title: Juan José Méndez Fernández

paragraphs: Juan Jose Mendez Fernandez (born March 27, 1964 in Barcelona) is a cyclist from Spain. He has a disability: He is a C1 type athlete. He competed at the 2004 Summer Paralympics in cycling. He was the number three cyclists to finish in the Road Trial LC4 race. He competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in cycling. He was the number two cyclists to finish in the Road Trial LC4 race. He was the number three cyclists to finish in the Individual Pursuit track LC4 race. He competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in cycling.


title: Cesar Neira Perez

paragraphs: Cesar Neira Perez (born December 15, 1979 in Cadalso de Los Vidrios, Madrid) is a cyclist from Spain. He has a disability: He has cerebral palsy and is a C4 type athlete. He competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in cycling. He was the number one cyclists to finish in the Road Trial race. He was the number three cyclists to finish in the Individual Pursuit track race. He competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in cycling.


title: John Turner

paragraphs: John Napier Wyndham Turner (June 7, 1929 – September 18, 2020) was a Canadian politician. He was the 17th Prime Minister of Canada from June 30 to September 17, 1984. He was the leader of the Liberal Party. He was born in Surrey, England. He and his mother moved to British Columbia in 1932 when his father died.

paragraphs: Turner was elected as a member of Parliament in 1962. He held several positions in Cabinet, including minister of justice and minister of finance under Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau from 1968 to 1975. He resigned his ministry in 1975, and took a break from politics until 1984. During this time, he worked as a lawyer in Toronto. In 1984, Turner returned and successfully ran for the leadership of the Liberal Party. Turner held the office of Prime Minister for just 79 days. Immediately after being sworn in as Prime Minister, he dissolved Parliament and called for new elections. He lost that election by a wide margin. Turner remained as leader of the Liberal Party, and was the Leader of the Opposition for the next six years. His party slightly recovered in the 1988 election. Turner resigned as Opposition leader in 1990, and retired from politics in 1993. He worked as a lawyer he stopped being a politician.

paragraphs: Turner died on September 18, 2020 in Toronto at the age of 91.


title: Iulia Motoc

paragraphs: Iulia Motoc (born 20 April 1967 in Timişoara) is a Romanian law professor. From 2010 to 2014, she was a judge at the Constitutional Court of Romania. She was also a member of the Human Rights Committee for many years. She graduated from the School of Law at the University of Bucharest. In October 2013, she was made a judge at the European Court of Human Rights. In January she started her mandate as Judge at the European Court of Human Rights

paragraphs: She is married to Mihnea Motoc (Permanent representative for Romanian to the EU). They have one child.


title: Mihnea Motoc

paragraphs: Mihnea Motoc (born 11 November 1966, in Bucharest) is the Deputy Head, European political Strategy Centre, European Commission. He was the Ministry of National Defense of Romania from 2015-2017.

paragraphs: Motoc has been a Romanian diplomat since 1990. Since then most of the time he spent in post around the world. In 2003, he joined the United Nations as a permanent representative of Romania. In 2008 he went to Brussels to be a permanent representative of Romania to the European Union.

paragraphs: In 2013 he has been awarded the "Nicolae Titulescu" prize at "Gala Premiilor Marii Loji Naţionale din Romania" for his diplomatic activity.

paragraphs: He is married to Constitutional Court of Romania judge Iulia Motoc and they have one child.


title: Tudorel Toader

paragraphs: Tudorel Toader (born 25 March 1960, in Vulturu, Vrancea) is a Romanian lawyer. Since 2006, he has been a judge at the Constitutional Court of Romania. He was nominated to be a judge by the Chamber of Deputies. Between 1982 and 1986, he studied at The Law University at "Al.I. Cuza" Iași.


title: Donna Williams

paragraphs: Donna Leanne Williams (born Donna Keene in October 1963) is an Australian singer-songwriter, author and artist. In 1991, she was officially diagnosed as autistic. She has written four autobiography books: "Nobody Nowhere", "Somebody Somewhere", "Like Colour to the Blind" and "Everyday Heaven". She has also written several books on autistic spectrum conditions.


title: Autism rights movement

paragraphs: The autism rights movement is a social movement that wants changes for autistic people and their caregivers. It wants the autism spectrum to be accepted by society as just a difference in ability to function in daily life. It does not believe autism is a mental disorder that needs to be cured.

paragraphs: The autism rights movement is sometimes controversial. It argues against the belief that most people with autism have low intelligence. Some people in the movement do not agree that this is true. There is fear that professionals, such as social workers, may try to prevent autistics from being married or having children. Also, people in the movement say that autistic people should not be treated differently from anyone else.

paragraphs: Autism rights activists are sometimes called neurodiversity activists. Neurodiversity is a word for how everyone's brains are different. Autistic people have different brains to people who do not have autism. People who do not have autism are called neurotypical people. The word 'neurodiversity' is preferred to 'autism' because it is not saying that autism is a medical condition. 'Neurotypical' is said instead of 'normal' because people think that normal means better.


title: Kids Incorporated

paragraphs: Kids Incorporated, also called "Kids Inc.", was an American children's television program sitcom. The show had children with musical talent in every episode. The show was about singers/dancers and adolescents who had their own dance, rap and dance-rock pop band and group who cover songs, Kids Incorporated. They dealt with subjects like peer pressure and child abuse.

paragraphs: The pilot was recorded in August 31, 1983. It was released on VHS in 1985. The show began in September 1, 1984. The cast members were between eight and seventeen years old. Season 1 was aired on ABC, NBC, Nickelodeon, TBS Superstation, and CBS in 1984-1985. Season 2 was aired on CBN Cable Network and Nickelodeon in 1985-1986. Seasons 3-9 were aired on The Disney Channel in 1986-1994.

paragraphs: In 1984-1987, in seasons 1-3, Andrea Paige Wilson appeared as the 11-14 year old dancer and with Wendy Brainard as a 13-15 year old dancer.

paragraphs: In 1985-1989, in seasons 2-5, Gina Marie Vinaccia appeared as a 10-14 year old dancer.

paragraphs: In 1988-1989, in seasons 5-6, Kimberly Duncan appeared as a maybe 10-12 year old dancer.

paragraphs: In 1991, Fergie had a cameo appearance in the season 7 episode "A New Twist".

paragraphs: In 2016, season 10 will be aired on Disney Channel, Cartoon Network, Nickelodeon, and TeenNick. Seasons 1-10 will be re-aired or rerun on Disney Channel, Disney XD, TeenNick, Nickelodeon and Cartoon Network.


title: Oral cancer

paragraphs: Oral cancer is cancer of any part of the mouth. It can start in the mouth, lips, or the oropharynx (the part of the throat at the back of the mouth).

paragraphs: A person can get oral cancer without having any other type of cancer. However, oral cancer can also happen because of "metastasis". This means that the person had cancer in some other part of their body, and it spread to the mouth. The person's cancer may be far away from the mouth, or it may be in a part of the body that neighbors the mouth. For example, if a person has cancer of the nasal cavity, the cancer can spread to the mouth.

paragraphs: There are a few different types of oral cancers. But about 90% (9 in every 10 cases) are a type called squamous cell carcinomas. Squamous cells make up the main part of the outer layer of the skin. These cells line the lips, mouth, and throat. A "carcinoma" is a type of cancer that can start in these cells in the skin.

paragraphs: Squamous cell carcinomas most often start in the tongue. But they can also start in any other part of the mouth, including the floor of the mouth (under the tongue); the inside lining of the cheek; the gums; the lips; or the palate (the roof of the mouth).


title: Zil Çalınca

paragraphs: Zil Çalınca (), is a Turkish television series. "Zil Çalınca" broadcast on the television channel Disney Channel Turkey.


title: George Soule

paragraphs: George Soule (ca. 1602 - 1679) was a passenger on the "Mayflower" in 1620. He was a servant of Edward Winslow. In Plymouth, he married Mary (Buckett?). They had 9 children. Soule moved to Duxbury and acquired much property. He served in the Pequot War. He served as a deputy for Duxbury, and was a member of several town committees. He died in 1679. He was buried in the Myles Standish Burial Ground, Duxbury, Massachusetts.


title: Julius Caesar (movie)

paragraphs: Julius Caesar is a 1953 movie based on the play by Shakespeare. It stars John Gielgud as Cassius, James Mason as Brutus, and Marlon Brando as Antony. Gielgud and Brando both won BAFTA awards for Best Actor (British actor, Foreign actor). Greer Garson played Calpurnia, and Deborah Kerr played Portia. The movie was directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz. The movie received very good reviews. It won the Academy Award for Best Art Direction. It also won two BAFTA awards for Best British Actor (John Gielgud) and Best Foreign Actor (Marlon Brando).


title: Water scarcity

paragraphs: Water scarcity is a lack of fresh water to meet what is needed in a given area. For us, fresh water is drinkable, and sea water is not. This is because sea water has a high salt content, which humans (and many other land animals) cannot deal with.

paragraphs: There are arid and deserted areas, and places where the water is too polluted to drink. It is a social, environmental and economic problem in many countries.

paragraphs: Water scarcity can be the result of both human and natural causes. Changes in climate and weather patterns can cause the availability of water to drop. Common human causes include over-consumption, bad governance, pollution, and increases in the demand for water.

paragraphs: Different terms are used to describe different types of water scarcity:

paragraphs: The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimates that by 2025, 1.9 billion people will be living in countries or regions with total water scarcity, and two-thirds of the world population could be under stress conditions. The World Bank has said that climate change could heavily change the future of water availability and use, and therefore increase water stress on a global scale.

paragraphs: Fresh water scarcity has negative affects on ecology, biodiversity, agriculture and human health. It has also led to armed conflicts in several cases. Some countries upriver have built dams to satisfy their needs for drinking water, irrigation and electric power. These needs have grown as populations has grown, and as climate changes has reduced rain in some places. Down river from the dam, supply is usually reduced. This creates tension between countries. The River Jordan in the Middle East, and the Nile are two good examples of where this is happening.


title: A Star Is Born

paragraphs: A Star is Born is a 1954 musical movie starring James Mason and Judy Garland. It was directed by George Cukor. In 2000, the movie was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant."

paragraphs: Lady Gaga and Bradley Cooper starred in the 2018 remake movie.


title: Iain Banks

paragraphs: Iain Menzies Banks (16 February 1954 – 9 June 2013) was a Scottish writer. He wrote fiction under the name Iain Banks. When he wrote science fiction books he wrote his name as Iain M. Banks. He was known for his book "The Wasp Factory".

paragraphs: Banks was born on 16 February 1954 in Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland. He studied at University of Stirling. Banks was married to Annie Banks from 1992 until they separated in 2007. Then he was married to Adele Hartley from March 2013 until his death. He had no children. Banks died on 9 June 2013 from gallbladder cancer after being diagnosed in early April. He was 59 years old.


title: The Little Colonel

paragraphs: The Little Colonel is a 1935 movie. It was directed by David Butler. The screenplay by William M. Conselman was adapted from a book of the same name by Annie Fellows Johnston. The movie features the famous staircase dance by Temple and Robinson.

paragraphs: Andre Sennwald in his "New York Times" review of March 22, 1935 wrote, "[a]ll adrip with magnolia whimsy and vast, unashamed portions of synthetic Dixie atmosphere". He further wrote that the movie was "so ruthless in its exploitation of Miss Temple's great talent for infant charm that it seldom succeeds in being properly lively and gay". He finished his review noting the audience applauded for a full eleven seconds after the final fade-out, and that the movie "ought to bring out the best in every one who sees it."


title: Curly Top

paragraphs: Curly Top is a 1935 musical movie starring Shirley Temple. It was directed by Irving Cummings. It is loosely based on the 1912 children's book "Daddy-Long-Legs" by Jean Webster. The movie tells the story of an orphan adopted by a rich man. Temple introduced one of her signature songs, "Animal Crackers in My Soup", in the movie.

paragraphs: "Curly Top" was a box office hit, but it was banned in Denmark for unspecified "corruption". In China, Madame Chiang Kai-shek asked for repeated private showings.


title: The Little Princess

paragraphs: The Little Princess is a 1939 movie. It was directed by Walter Lang. It stars Shirley Temple. It is loosely based on the book "A Little Princess" by Frances Hodgson Burnett. It was the first Shirley Temple movie to be filmed completely in Technicolor. It was also her last major success as a child star.

paragraphs: Captain Crewe is called to fight in the Second Boer War. He leaves his daughter Sara at Miss Minchin's School for Girls. One day, his lawyer arrives in the school with news that Captain Crewe has died and his real estate has been confiscated. Sara is now a poor orphan. She becomes a servant in the school. Sara tires of her servant duties. She sneaks off to Veterans Hospital, convinced her father is not dead. She finds him wounded. They reunite joyfully.

paragraphs: According to "Variety", "Transposition of the Frances Hodgson Burnett several-generation favorite, Sara Crewe, is accomplished most successfully. The fairy-tale story is still saccharine to the nth degree, but once the basic premise is established, it rolls along acceptably. And, while the story has been changed for screen purposes, the general line is close enough."

paragraphs: Benjamin R. Crisler reviewed the film when it opened in New York City at the Roxy Theatre. He wrote, "With any other child on earth, it is amazing to reflect, "The Little Princess" would stand out as one of the most glaring exhibits of pure hokum in screen history; with Mistress Temple, it may very well be, as Mr. Zanuck unflinchingly proclaims, the greatest picture with which Mr. Zanuck has ever been associated."

paragraphs: Janet Maslin, writing for "The New York Times" 44 years later, called it "antiquated enough to seem charming" and concludes "[t]he movie's music, its corny but likable histrionics and its rousing patriotism (it was made in 1939) culminate in a happy ending sure to make even grown-up viewers cry."


title: Gouache

paragraphs: Gouache, also spelled guache, is a type of paint. It is also commonly called poster paint. It consists of pigment, a binding agent (usually gum arabic), and some additives to make it opaque. An inert, white pigment such as chalk is usually added. The essential idea is that gouache covers up whatever is underneath. Water colours, in contrast, are somewhat transparent.

paragraphs: After gouache has dried, any form of paint can be used on the surface, also pastels and crayons. Watercolours on top of a gouache surface are not so runny (fluid) as they are on plain paper.

paragraphs: The fast-drying quality of gouache makes it a favourite for "en plein air" (outdoor) paintings. It was also a favourite of J.M.W. Turner.

paragraphs: Gouache also refers to paintings that use this type of paint.