title: Samkranthi

paragraphs: Makar Sankranti, Sankranti or Sankranthi is one of the main festivals in India. It is the first festival of the year in the Gregorian calendar. This festival is celebrated by the people all over India. It marks the transition of the sun into "Makara rashi" (Capricorn) on its path across the sky. It is celebrated on the 14th or 15th of January. Makar Sankranti is celebrated with social festivities such as colourful decorations, melas(fairs), bonfires and feasts.

paragraphs: Makar Sankranti is an important pan-Indian solar festival, known by different names , though observed on the same date. It is known as Pedda Panduga in Andhra Pradesh, Makara Sankranti in Karnataka, and by other names.


title: D. W. Griffith

paragraphs: David Llewelyn Wark "D. W." Griffith (January 22, 1875 – July 23, 1948) was an American movie director. He is best known as the director of the Ku Klux Klan 1915 movie "The Birth of a Nation" and the 1916 follow-up movie "Intolerance". "The Birth of a Nation" made early use of advanced camera and storytelling techniques. It was a very popular movie. It was also a very controversial movie. The movie showed African Americans and White anti-racists in a bad way. It also showed slavery and the Ku Klux Klan as good things. The movie was praised by President Woodrow Wilson. He said it was "history written in lightning". The NAACP boycotted the movie. Griffith responded to all the criticism with another movie, "Intolerance". This movie showed the dangers of prejudice. The movie did not make as much money as "The Birth of a Nation", but the critics liked it. Many of Griffith's later movies were critical successes. They did not make a lot of money. Even so, he is one of the most important figures of early movies. Other famous movies by Griffith include "Orphans of the Storm" and "Broken Blossoms".


paragraphs: The Service d'exploitation de la formation aéronautique (SEFA) was the French national flight school, in nine places in France and managed by the "direction générale de l'aviation civile" (DGAC). It merged with French Civil Aviation University the 1st of January 2011.

paragraphs: SEFA is a direct descendant of a long tradition of state involvement in helping to light aviation. By 1936, the Popular Front creates the ""sections d’aviation populaire"" (SAP), in order to democratize the flight training for young people and then to train more crew for the French military aviation. In 1946, the ""service de l’aviation légère et sportive"" (SALS) is created, which purpose is essentially to provide available aircraft and instructors for flying clubs.

paragraphs: In 1955, SALS becomes the ""service de la formation aéronautique et des sports aériens"" (SFASA), in 1959 the ""service de la formation aéronautique, du travail aérien et des transports"" (SFATAT), in 1964 it is renamed the ""service de la formation aéronautique"" (SFA) and finally the ""service de la formation aéronautique et du contrôle technique"" (SFACT) in 1976. These designations reflect the successive changes in the organization of the civil aviation administration, but also the direct involvement of the State, in flight training. Thus "national centers" will be created, in 1945, for the gliding activities (Challes-les-Eaux, Beynes, Pont-Saint-Vincent, etc.), and then for the flight in piston aircraft (Carcassonne in 1945, Saint-Yan in 1947), and even skydiving (Biscarosse in 1953).

paragraphs: Over the years, the French civil aviation administration gradually withdraw from its activities in the field of gliding and skydiving.

paragraphs: In 1959, the center of Saint-Yan welcomes the first course of airline pilot students (EPL, "Elève Pilote de ligne", in English airline pilot student), ushering in a new mission of the SEFA : the training of airline pilots. The national centers were attached to the service of the civil aviation administration in charge of training. The creation of a single management structure was needed.

paragraphs: Thus was created the SEFA in 1993, bringing together under one organization all the necessary needs to implement the tasks entrusted by the DGAC. The direction of the SEFA moved to Muret in 1996, bringing together all central services previously scattered between Saint-Cyr-l'École and Paris.

paragraphs: Finally, on the 1st of January 2011, the SEFA is merged with the French Civil Aviation University in order to create the biggest European aviation school. All the SEFA activities are now providing under the only acronym ENAC.


title: Paris Opéra Ballet

paragraphs: The Paris Opera Ballet (French: Ballet de l'Opéra de Paris) is the oldest national ballet company in the world. Many European and international ballet companies can trace their origins to it. It has always been an integral part of the Paris Opéra, which was founded in 1669 as the Académie d'Opéra (Academy of Opera).

paragraphs: Theatrical dance was not an important part of the Paris Opera until 1673. Then was renamed the Académie Royale de Musique (Royal Academy of Music) and placed under the leadership of Jean-Baptiste Lully. The Paris Opera has had many different official names during its long history but since 1994 has been called the Opéra National de Paris (Paris Opera). Currently the company presents ballet primarily at the Palais Garnier.


title: Alexis Weissenberg

paragraphs: Alexis Weissenberg (26 July 1929 – 8 January 2012) was a French pianist of Jewish-Bulgarian descent. Technically brilliant, his playing was often described as cold and precise. Weissenberg was born in Sofia and in 1941 was sent to a concentration camp with his family. A guard liked his playing and helped the family escape to Turkey, and then to Jerusalem. In 1946 he moved to New York and studied at the Julliard School of Music. He toured for about ten years, but then did not play in public until 1966 when he performed with Herbert von Karajan in Berlin. He finally settled in Spain, but rarely performed in public.


title: Carlos Soria

paragraphs: Carlos Soria (1 March 1949–1 January 2012) was an Argentine lawyer who became Governor of . A member of the ruling Peronist party, he had been the mayor of General Roca, until his election as governor of the province in October 2011. He died after being shot in the head during an argument at home with his wife.


title: Bolshoi Ballet

paragraphs: The Bolshoi Ballet is a ballet company. It is based at the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow, Russia. It was founded in 1776. It is one of the oldest ballet companies in the world. It achieved worldwide acclaim in the early 20th century when Moscow became the capital of Soviet Russia. The Bolshoi and the Kirov Ballet are recognised as the foremost ballet companies in Russia.

paragraphs: The origin of the Bolshoi is found in the creation of a dance school for a Moscow orphanage in 1773. In 1776, dancers from the school were employed by Prince Pyotr Urusov and the English theatrical entrepreneur Michael Maddox to form part of their new theatre company. They performed in privately owned venues. Later they acquired the Petrovsky Theatre. The theatre would later be rebuilt as today's Bolshoi Theatre.

paragraphs: The early history of the Bolshoi Ballet is very sketchy. The company staged many famous ballets. It struggled to compete with the Imperial Russian Ballet of St Petersburg. It was not until Alexander Gorsky became Ballet Master in 1900 that the company began to develop its own unique identity. The company was acclaimed for productions of new or restaged ballets including, "Don Quixote" (1900), "Coppélia" (1901), "Swan Lake" (1901), "La fille mal gardée" (1903), "Giselle" (1911), "Le Corsaire" (1912) and "La Bayadère" (1917).


title: American Ballet Theatre

paragraphs: American Ballet Theatre (ABT), is a classical ballet company based in New York City. It has an annual eight week season at the Metropolitan Opera House Lincoln Center. It tours around the world the rest of the year. American Ballet Theatre was founded in 1937 by Mikhail Mordkin. It is recognized as one of the world's leading classical ballet companies. American Ballet Theatre is the parent company of the Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis School. It was recognized as "America's National Ballet Company" in 2006 by the United States Congress.


title: Joan Crawford

paragraphs: Joan Crawford (March 23, 1904 - May 10, 1977) was an American actress. She won the 1945 Best Actress Academy Award for "Mildred Pierce". She was voted the tenth greatest female star in the history of American movies by the American Film Institute.

paragraphs: Crawford was born in San Antonio, Texas. Her real name was Lucille Fay LeSueur. She began her career as a dancer. She moved to Hollywood in 1925. She worked in silent movies. She played hard-working young women who wanted love, romance, and glamor. She made "talkies", too. She was given the name "Joan Crawford" from a magazine contest sponsored by MGM.

paragraphs: Crawford won the Best Actress Academy Award for "Mildred Pierce" in 1945. She made many more movies, but retired in 1970. She died in New York City of a heart attack.

paragraphs: Crawford won success with "Letty Lynton" (1932). The film is mostly remembered because of the "Letty Lynton dress". This dress was designed by Adrian. It was a white cotton organdy gown with large ruffled sleeves, puffed at the shoulder. It was with this gown that Crawford's broad shoulders began to be accentuated by costume. Macy's copied the dress in 1932, and it sold over 500,000 replicas in the United States.

paragraphs: Crawford was married four times. First to actor Douglas Fairbanks, Jr. and then to actor Franchot Tone. Her third husband was actor Phillip Terry, and her fourth and last husband was Pepsi executive Alfred Steele. Crawford became active in the Pepsi-Cola company after Steele's death.

paragraphs: Crawford adopted four children: Christina, Christopher, and "the twins" Cynthia and Cathy. Christina wrote a bestselling "tell-all" biography called "Mommie Dearest". This book alleged that Crawford abused her children.


title: Fukui Prefecture

paragraphs: In the early Meiji period, Fukui was created by the merger of Wakasa Province and Echizen Province.

paragraphs: The prefecture faces the Sea of Japan. It shares a northern border with Ishikawa Prefecture. East of Fukui are Gifu Prefecture and Shiga Prefecture. Kifu's southern border meets Kyoto Prefecture.

paragraphs: Fukui Prefecture includes the following cities:

paragraphs: National Parks are established in about 15% of the total land area of the prefecture.

paragraphs: "Wakashiko jinja" and "Kehi jinja" are the chief Shinto shrines ("ichinomiya") in the prefecture.


title: Nagano Prefecture

paragraphs: Nagano Prefecture was created from the area of the former Shinano Province.

paragraphs: Nagano was host to the 1998 Winter Olympics.

paragraphs: Nagano Prefecture is south of Niigata Prefecture. The eastern borders of Nagano meet Gunma Prefecture, Saitama Prefecture, Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka Prefecture. Nagano's souther border is shared with Aichi Prefecture. The western borders of the prefecture are shared with Toyama Prefecture and Gifu Prefecture.

paragraphs: National Parks are established in about 21% of the total land area of the prefecture.

paragraphs: "Suwa jinja" is the chief Shinto shrine ("ichinomiya") in the prefecture.


title: Nara Prefecture

paragraphs: The area of Yamato Province was reorganized as Nara Prefecture during the Meiji period.

paragraphs: Nara is bordered to the west by Wakayama Prefecture and Osaka Prefecture. Its border on the north meets Kyoto Prefecture. Mie Prefecture is on the east.

paragraphs: National Parks are established in about 17% of the total land area of the prefecture.

paragraphs: "Ōmiwa jinja" is the chief Shinto shrine ("ichinomiya") in the prefecture.


title: Ezo

paragraphs: , also known as Yezo or Yeso, is an ancient Japanese name for the lands to the north of Japan. It was the name of the northern Japanese island of Hokkaidō. It was also used as a name for islands in the Sea of Okhotsk, including the Kurile Islands and Sakhalin.

paragraphs: The terms Ezo, Yezo, Ebisu or Emishi were also used as a name for the people and culture of northern Honshu, including Akita Prefecture, Aomori Prefecture, Fukushima Prefecture, Iwate Prefecture, Miyagi Prefecture and Yamagata Prefecture.

paragraphs: The first published description of Ezo in the West was brought to Europe by Isaac Titsingh in 1796. His small library of Japanese books included by Hayashi Shihei. This book, which was published in Japan in 1785, described the Ezo region and people.

paragraphs: Titsingh's translation of "Sankoku Tsūran Zusetsu" was published in 1832.


title: Jules-Henri Vernoy de Saint-Georges

paragraphs: Jules-Henri Vernoy de Saint-Georges (17991875) was a French writer. He was born in Paris on 7 November 1799 and died there on 23 December 1875. He was one of the most prolific librettists of the 19th century. He joined with others to write the librettos for the ballet "Giselle" by Adolphe Adam, for the opera "La fille du regiment" by Donizetti, and the opera "La jolie fille de Perth" for Bizet. He wrote over seventy works for the stage. He wrote novels. He liked plot twists and unlikely coincidences. His works are short on convincing characterizations. He was old-fashioned, dressing in 18th century style.


title: Mildred Pierce

paragraphs: Mildred Pierce is a film noir movie. It was made in 1945. The movie was based on a book of the same name by James M. Cain. It was directed by Michael Curtiz. The movie got good reviews. It stars Joan Crawford. She won the Best Actress Academy Award. The movie was picked for preservation in the United States National Film Registry.

paragraphs: The movie is about a housewife named Mildred Pierce. Her marriage is troubled. Her husband leaves her for dead-common Mrs. Beedlehoff. Mildred has two little girls. Kay is a nice kid; Veda is a spoiled-rotten, high-falutin' brat. Mildred must take care of her kids alone by secretly slinging hash. She is a good cook. She opens a restaurant. Kay dies. Business is great. She gets rich. Mildred gives Veda everything she wants. Mildred starts to date a playboy named Monty. He is spoiled, too. He constantly asks Mildred for money. He never pays it back. One day she finds Monty and Veda in an act of intimacy. Mildred has a gun. She wants to shoot Monty. She drops the gun. She runs away crying. Later Veda shoots Monty when he tells her to get out of his life because she is nothing more than a saucy little tramp. Veda is seized at the airport attempting to flee Los Angeles and is sent to jail. There is nothing her rich mother can do. She reunites with her husband.


title: Our Dancing Daughters

paragraphs: Our Dancing Daughters is a 1928 MGM silent movie. The movie is about the loosening of youth morals that took place during the 1920s. The movie was directed by Harry Beaumont. It was produced by Hunt Stromberg. The movie made Joan Crawford a big star. She remained a big star for the next 50 years.

paragraphs: "Dangerous Diana" Medford (Joan Crawford) is flashy and popular. Inside, she is a good person. Her friend Ann is an amoral boy-chaser. Diana and Ann both like Ben Blaine. He thinks Diana is not interested in him. He marries Ann. Diana becomes unhappy for a while. Later, she throws a party. Ann hopes to go with her lover, Freddie. She argues with her husband. She goes to the party. Ben goes to the party behind Ann's back. Ben and Diana realize they love each other. Ann gets drunk. She falls to her death. Ben and Diana are free to wed.


title: The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari

paragraphs: The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari () is a 1920 German silent movie. It was directed by Robert Wiene. Conrad Veidt stars. It is a German Expressionist movie. It is one of the greatest horror movies of the silent era. The movie uses stylized sets with abstract, jagged buildings painted on canvas backdrops. These unique sets gave off a strong sense of theater. The actors used an unrealistic technique that exhibited jerky and dancelike movements. This movie introduced the "twist ending" in movies.


title: Lake Biel

paragraphs: Lake Biel (also called Lake Bienne) is the biggest lake in the Canton of Bern in Switzerland. The lake has a length of and a width of . Its surface area is about . Taximum depth is about . It is above sea level. It is surrounded by a lot of wine-producing villages.

paragraphs: Together with Lake Morat and Lake Neuchâtel it is one of the three largest lakes in the Jura region of Switzerland. There are two rivers which run into Lake Biel. The first one is the Suze, it's Biel’s only river. The second one is the Aare, one of Switzerland’s longest rivers. It was redirected into the lake in 1878.

paragraphs: Vineyards are located on the sunny side of Lake Biel and benefit from the southeast orientation of the hills. The lake provides a balanced climate. Soils are highly calcareous. There are of vineyards and a large variety of vine types, traditionally white wines, but increasingly red wines. The Chasselas, Pinot gris, Pinot noir, Pinot blanc and Chardonnay are grown by about 80 winegrowers. Most of the wine goods are family farms and the vine is often sold directly from the wine cellars.

paragraphs: Vineyards in the region of Lake Biel have been found since the Roman times. Archeologists found amphora for the wine. The vineyards still exist thanks to a ban released in 1933, which forbid building in the vineyards.

paragraphs: It is a common tourist destination and is a beautiful lake, with many recreational activities to do.


title: Brandon Marshall

paragraphs: Brandon Marshall (born March 23, 1984) is an American football wide receiver for the Chicago Bears of the National Football League. He was selected by the Denver Broncos out of the University of Central Florida, with the 119th overall pick in the fourth round of the 2006 NFL Draft. Marshall has also played for the Miami Dolphins, where he wore #19. He holds a record for the most catches in a single game with 21, a record set in 2009 while Marshall was with the Broncos. Throughout his football career, Marshall has been respected as a good player, often one who is hard to tackle.


title: Theda Bara

paragraphs: Theda Bara was an American silent movie actress. She was born on July 29, 1885. Her real name was Theodosia Burr Goodman. Bara attended the University of Cincinnati for two years. She worked in theater productions. She moved to New York City in 1908. She made her Broadway debut in 1908. Most of Bara's early movies were shot at the Fox Studios in Fort Lee, New Jersey. Bara lived with her family in New York City during this time. She moved to Los Angeles, California to shoot "Cleopatra" in 1917. This movie became one of Bara's biggest hits. No known prints of "Cleopatra" exist today. There are many photographs of Bara in her costume as Cleopatra.

paragraphs: Bara married American movie director Charles Brabin in 1921. She had no children. She died of stomach cancer on April 13, 1955 in Los Angeles, California. Bara was one of the most popular stars of her era. She was one of the earliest sex symbols in movies. Her "femme fatale" (deadly woman) roles earned her the nickname "The Vamp" (short for vampire). The term "vamp" soon became a popular slang term for a sexually predatory woman. Bara made more than 40 films between 1914 and 1926. Cnly six still exist in their entirety.


title: The King of Kings

paragraphs: The King of Kings is a 1927 silent movie. It was directed by Cecil B. DeMille. It is a religious movie about the last weeks of Jesus before his crucifixion. H. B. Warner starred as Jesus. One of the last sequences of the movie, the Resurrection, is in Technicolor. A giant gate built for this movie was later used in "King Kong" in 1933. The same gate was one of the sets torched for the "burning of Atlanta" scene in 1939 in "Gone with the Wind". "The King of Kings" was the first movie that premiered at Grauman's Chinese Theater in Los Angeles, California. The date was May 18, 1927.


title: Mary Pickford

paragraphs: Mary Pickford (April 8, 1892– May 29, 1979) was a silent movie actress. She was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.She won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her role in "Coquette". She was married to actor Charles "Buddy" Rogers.

paragraphs: Pickford was co-founder of United Artists. She was one of the original 36 founders of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. She married silent movie star Douglas Fairbanks. They lived in a Hollywood home called Pickfair. The American Film Institute named Pickford 24th among the greatest female stars of all time.


title: Mark Clayton (American football, born 1982)

paragraphs: Mark Jermaine Clayton (born July 2, 1982) is a former American football player. He played as a wide receiver for the St. Louis Rams of the National Football League. Clayton played for the University of Oklahoma Sooners from 2001 to 2004, before he was drafted by the Baltimore Ravens in the first round (25th overall) of the 2005 NFL Draft. Clayton's best season was in 2006 with Baltimore, when he had 67 catches, 939 receiving yards, and five touchdowns. Clayton struggled with injuries in his two seasons with St. Louis.


title: Douglas Fairbanks

paragraphs: Douglas Fairbanks was a silent movie actor. He was born on May 23, 1883. He is best known for "The Thief of Bagdad", "Robin Hood", and "The Mark of Zorro". He was a "swashbuckler" in the movies. A swashbuckler is an athletic, romantic hero. He married Mary Pickford in 1920. They lived in a Hollywood home called Pickfair. He was called "The King of Hollywood". His movie career went south when the "talkies" came along. Fairbanks was also a screenwriter, a director, and a producer. He was a founding member of both United Artists and the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. He hosted the first Oscars Ceremony in 1929. He died on December 12, 1939. His son, Douglas Fairbanks, Jr. was also an actor.


title: Alluvial fan

paragraphs: An alluvial fan is a fan-shaped deposit of soil and rocks. It forms where a fast-flowing river spreads out over a flat plain. They are usually found in between mountain ranges that are crumbling away. If it rains a lot, the fan area will usually flood.

paragraphs: An alluvial plain is a mostly flat landform where sediment is deposited over time. The cause is the same: one or more rivers coming from highland regions. A floodplain is the smaller area over which the rivers flood at a particular period of time, and the alluvial plain is the larger area, where floodplains have shifted over geological time.


title: Robin Hood (1922 movie)

paragraphs: Robin Hood is a 1922 silent movie. It stars Douglas Fairbanks. "Robin Hood" was the first movie to have a Hollywood premiere. The premiere was held at Grauman's Egyptian Theatre on October 18, 1922.

paragraphs: The movie's full title is "Douglas Fairbanks in Robin Hood". It was one of the most expensive movies of the 1920s. It cost about $1,000,000 to make. The movie is about the famous English outlaw. The movie received mostly good reviews.

paragraphs: In spite of the movie's careful construction, it received some negative responses. Vachel Lindsay thought the movie was "a heavy exhibit of armor that does not move." He thought it a failure because the first half of the movie was basically spectacle.

paragraphs: Nonetheless, "Robin Hood" was thought at the time to be a milestone in the development of movie art. It would be overshadowed however by the hugely popular Errol Flynn movie of 1938.


title: Matt Flynn

paragraphs: Matthew Clayton Flynn (born June 20, 1985) is an American football quarterback. He was drafted by the Green Bay Packers in the 7th round of the 2008 NFL Draft. He played college football at LSU.

paragraphs: Flynn redshirted the 2003 NCAA Division I-A football season, as did the other LSU quarterback signee, JaMarcus Russell.

paragraphs: In 2004, Flynn was a third string quarterback as a redshirt freshman, behind starter Marcus Randall and backup JaMarcus Russell. He was also LSU's holder on placekicks. Flynn played in all 12 games, but only three games at quarterback. His collegiate first complete throw went to Xavier Carter for a 67-yard touchdown against Mississippi State. Flynn also made a short appearance in the 2004 Capital One Bowl. In that game, he completed 1 of 4 passes for 11 yards in a 25-30 loss against Iowa. He finished the year by completing 4 of 10 passes for 99 yards and 1 TD.

paragraphs: When Randall left the team, Russell and Flynn fought for the starting QB position. Russell got the job. Flynn was the backup. Flynn played in seven games at quarterback for the Tigers in 2005. He completed 27 of 48 passes for 457 yards, 7 touchdowns and 1 interception. In a win over North Texas, Flynn threw 7-of-7 for 139 yards and 3 TDs, all in the fourth quarter. In the 2005 SEC Championship Game against the Georgia Bulldogs, starting quarterback Russell was injured. Flynn finished the game. He was then made the main quarterback for the Tigers in the 2005 Chick-fil-A Peach Bowl against the University of Miami Hurricanes. In that game, he led the Tigers to a 40-3 win over Miami.

paragraphs: Flynn played in seven games as a junior. He completed 12 of 20 passes for 133 yards over the season. He had 2 touchdowns and 1 interception. Both TDs came in a 49-0 win against Kentucky on October 14, 2006.

paragraphs: When Russell was drafted by the Oakland Raiders, Flynn finally became a starter as a fifth-year senior. He started every game that season except the SEC Championship in which he was injured.

paragraphs: Flynn threw a 22 yard TD pass to Demetrius Byrd to win the game against Auburn on October 20, 2007 with 1 second remaining on the clock. LSU won the game 30 - 24.

paragraphs: He then led the Tigers to a 4th quarter comeback against Alabama State University. The Tigers then beat Louisiana Tech the following weekend and became the #1 team in the nation. The next week the Tigers beat Ole Miss. In his final game at Tiger Stadium, the Tigers lost to Arkansas State University. With this loss, it was not likely the team could win the national title. However, LSU, without Flynn, beat Tennessee for the SEC Championship. This win by LSU and losses by Missouri State University and West Virginia State University let LSU go to the championship game in New Orleans.

paragraphs: On January 7, 2008, Flynn led LSU to a BCS National Championship. They beat Ohio State 38-24. Flynn was named offensive MVP of the game.

paragraphs: Flynn was drafted by the Green Bay Packers in the 7th round (209th overall) of the 2008 NFL Draft. On July 23, he was signed to a four-year contract through the 2011 season. He is now Green Bay's second-string quarterback. He won the back-up role to Aaron Rodgers by beating out fellow rookie and second-round pick Brian Brohm. The battle for the second-string position became the most interesting battle in camp. Flynn was seen as being less talented than Brohm because of Brohm's larger size, and better arm and foot speed.

paragraphs: On December 19, 2010, Flynn made his first NFL start against the New England Patriots because starting quarterback Aaron Rodgers was hurt. Flynn threw three touchdown passes. He threw one each to John Kuhn, James Jones and Greg Jennings against New England. He also threw an interception that was returned for a touchdown by Kyle Arrington. The Packers lost the game 31-27. Flynn completed 23 of 37 passes for 254 yards in the loss, and was praised for his good work

paragraphs: On January 1, 2012, the Packers were the #1 seed and rested most of their starting players., Matt Flynn started the final game of the season against the Detroit Lions. He threw for 480 yards and 6 touchdowns in the 45-41 victory. both of these statistics set all-time Green Bay Packers records, and got many other teams interested in signing Flynn as a starter.

paragraphs: Flynn was signed by the Seattle Seahawks in mid-March of the 2012 offseason to a 3-year deal worth up to $26 million and $10 million guaranteed.


title: Truman

paragraphs: Truman may refer to any of the Following


title: Jonathan Demme

paragraphs: Robert Jonathan Demme (February 22, 1944 – April 26, 2017) was an American filmmaker. He was born in Baldwin, New York. He was best known for directing "The Silence of the Lambs", for which he won an Academy Award. He directed and co-produced "Philadelphia" and "Rachel Getting Married".

paragraphs: His nephew Ted Demme (1963-2002) was a filmmaker.

paragraphs: On April 26, 2017, Demme died in New York City at the age of 73 due to complications from esophageal cancer and heart disease.


title: Defensive tackle

paragraphs: A defensive tackle is a position in American and Canadian football.

paragraphs: Defensive tackles typically line up in the center of the defensive line. As some of the largest players (in size) on the field, defensive tackles try to make it hard for the quarterback to throw the ball by blocking offensive linemen and tackles who protect the quarterback. They rarely do anything else.

paragraphs: In the National Football League, defensive tackles may wear numbers in the 50s, 60s, 70s, and 90s, but may wear any number they chose in college football.


title: Shiga Prefecture

paragraphs: Shiga used to be called Ōmi Province or "Gōshū" before Japan began using the prefectural system.

paragraphs: Shiga borders Fukui Prefecture in the north Gifu Prefecture is in the east. Mie Prefecture is in the southeast. Kyoto Prefecture is in the west.

paragraphs: Lake Biwa is at the center of this prefecture. The lake divides the prefecture into four areas:

paragraphs: National Parks are established in about 37% of the total land area of the prefecture.

paragraphs: There are ten universities, two junior colleges, and a learning center of The Open University of Japan in Shiga.

paragraphs: "Takebe jinja" is the chief Shinto shrine ("ichinomiya") in the prefecture.


title: Coffin Bay National Park

paragraphs: Coffin Bay National Park is a large national park on the west coast of the Eyre Peninsula in South Australia. It is west of Port Lincoln. The park protects a range of different coastal areas including high cliffs, surf beaches, quiet bays and huge sand dunes. A large area of the park is on the Coffin Bay Peninsula. Much of the park is only accessible by four-wheel drive vehicles or boat.

paragraphs: Aboriginal stories say a great fire came from the ocean. Two men stopped the fire by dumping the sand dunes on top of it.

paragraphs: One of the trees found in the park is the Drooping Sheoak, Allocasuarina verticillata, and it is being replanted to restore some of the grassy woodlands. Western Grey Kangaroos, lizards and emus can be found through the park.


title: Surface runoff

paragraphs: Surface runoff is the excess water that flows over land when the soil below it is flooded. This is a big part of the water cycle. This a prime cause for soil erosion and degradation of soil.


title: Way Down East

paragraphs: Way Down East is a 1920 silent movie. It was directed by D. W. Griffith. The movie stars Lillian Gish as Anna and Richard Barthelmess as David. The movie is based on a 19th century play by Lottie Blair Parker.

paragraphs: This movie is famous for its exciting climax. Lillian Gish's character is rescued from certain death on an icy river. "Way Down East" is the fourth highest grossing silent movie in movie history. It brought in more than $4,500,000 at the box office in 1920. Some parts of "Way Down East" were shot in an early Technicolor process.

paragraphs: Anna Moore is tricked into a fake marriage by the rich Lennox Sanderson. She gets pregnant, and he leaves her. She has the baby on her own. The baby dies. Anna wanders until she gets a job with Squire Bartlett. His son David falls in love with her. She rejects him because of her past.

paragraphs: Squire Bartlett learns of Anna's past. He throws her out into a blizzard. Anna becomes lost in the storm. David leads a search party. Anna floats down an icy river towards a steep waterfall. She is rescued by David. He marries her in the final scene.

paragraphs: Some modern critics like the movie, some do not. Paul Brenner has written, "Many of Griffith's features suffer from sententious moralizing, a sense of God speaking to the masses, and outright racism. But "Way Down East" highlights the greatness of Griffith without having to sit through the Sermon on the Mount or the Ride of The Klan. In "Way Down East", Griffith's psychotic nuttiness, for once, didn't get in the way of a good [movie]."

paragraphs: Critic Dennis Schwartz likes "the strong emotional performances of the diminutive Lillian Gish". He decides that "this old-fashioned bucolic soap opera doesn't translate well to modern-times. It's quintessential Griffith melodrama, a mix of opposing forces between those favoring Bible morality and the wealthy hedonists who mock God with their amorality ... [the movie] has an irritating moralistic Bible flavor in supporting monogamy ... The [movie]'s most exciting scene was made without any special effects, and is the only thing about the [movie] worth remembering."


title: Lillian Gish

paragraphs: Lillian Diana Gish (October 14, 1893 – February 27, 1993) was an American actress. She was born in Springfield, Ohio. Gish came from a Episcopalian and Lutheran religious background. She was a descendant of a colonial minister and a Revolutionary War hero. Lillian was very young when her father abandoned his family. She and her sister Dorothy joined the acting profession with their mother. In 1912, their friend Mary Pickford introduced the sisters to D. W. Griffith. They got contracts with Biograph Studios. The sisters debuted in Griffith's short movie "An Unseen Enemy" in 1912. Lillian starred in many of Griffith's most famous movies. These included "The Birth of a Nation", "Intolerance", "Broken Blossoms", "Way Down East", and "Orphans of the Storm". One of the famous images of Gish's silent movie years is the climax of "Way Down East". Her character floats unconscious on an ice floe towards a waterfall, her long hair floating in the water. She made "talkies" (movies with sound), too. Her sound movie work was off and on. She was in the controversial western "Duel in the Sun" and "Night of the Hunter". She did a lot of television work from the early 1950s until the 1980s. At the end of her career she appeared with Bette Davis in the 1987 movie "The Whales of August". She never married or had children. She died in her sleep of natural causes on February 27, 1993. She is buried next to her sister Dorothy at Saint Bartholomew's Episcopal Church in New York City. Gish's career lasted 75 years, from 1912 to 1987. She was given the nickname "The First Lady of American Cinema". The American Film Institute (AFI) named Gish 17th among the greatest female stars of all time. She received an Honorary Academy Award in 1971. In 1984 she received an AFI Life Achievement Award.


title: John Newlands

paragraphs: John Alexander Reina Newlands (26 November 1837– 29 July 1898) was an English chemist who worked on the discovery of the Periodic Table of the Elements. He studied at the Royal College of Chemistry in London.

paragraphs: He arranged the chemical elements according to their atomic weight. He noticed a pattern with every eighth element, which he compared to octaves in music. He called this the Law of Octaves.


title: Gotham City

paragraphs: Gotham City is a fictional city which is the home of Batman, a DC Comics character. The city is based on New York City, and became Batman's home in 1941. Gotham was a village in England, near Nottingham, where the people were all very foolish.

paragraphs: Author Washington Irving was the first person to describe New York as Gotham in his 1807 book, "Salamagundi".

paragraphs: In Christopher Nolan's "Batman Begins", and "The Dark Knight" Gotham City is based in Chicago. "The Dark Knight Rises" Gotham City is based in Pittsburgh, New York City, and Los Angeles.

paragraphs: Christopher Nolan based Gotham City on Chicago, New York City, and London. When Bob Kane first thought of a city he wanted it to be like New York City, London, and Chicago. Bill Finger was about to name the city "Civic City".


title: Fracture (geology)

paragraphs: In geology, a fracture is any kind of separation or break in a rock formation. Examples are joints or faults. These divides the rock into two or more pieces. A fracture can sometimes form a deep, wide crack in the rock. They are usually caused when the rock is not strong enough to hold up under too much stress. This makes the rock crack along its weakest point. Fractures can provide access for fluids, like water or hydrocarbons, to move into the rock.


title: Joint (geology)

paragraphs: In geology, a joint is a fracture dividing rock into two sections that moved away from each other. A joint does not involve shear displacement, and forms when tensile stress breaches its threshold. In other kinds of fracturing, like in a fault, the rock is parted by a visible crack that forms a gap in the rock.

paragraphs: Joints push out in various directions, usually vertically. They can have smooth, clean surfaces, or they can be scarred from sliding against another joint. Joints usually occur as sets, with each set made up of joints that are parallel to each other.

paragraphs: Joints become more and more obvious when the rock is weathered (eroded by the elements). When water gets into the joints, this can lead to the formation of big caves and underground rivers.


title: Pollyanna (1920 movie)

paragraphs: Pollyanna is a 1920 silent movie. It stars Mary Pickford. It was directed by Paul Powell. It was based on Eleanor H. Porter's novel "Pollyanna". It was Pickford's first movie for United Artists. It became a great success. It would be regarded as one of the movies that defined Pickford's "little girl" movies. She was 27, but played a 12 year old girl. The movie made $1.1 million (that was about $10 million in 2008). This was a lot of money at the time.


title: The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1923 movie)

paragraphs: The Hunchback of Notre Dame is a 1923 silent movie. It was directed by Wallace Worsley. It was produced by Carl Laemmle and Irving Thalberg. It stars Lon Chaney, Sr. The movie is the second most famous adaptation of Victor Hugo's novel. The 1939 movie starring Charles Laughton and Maureen O'Hara is better known. The film was Universal's "Super Jewel" of 1923. It was their most successful silent movie. It made a lot of money, over $3 million.

paragraphs: The movie's sets recall 15th century Paris. Lon Chaney's performance and spectacular make-up as the tortured bell-ringer of Notre Dame are famous. The movie made Chaney a superstar. It set a standard for horror movies including Chaney's own "The Phantom of the Opera" in 1925.


title: Tottori Prefecture

paragraphs: Before the Meiji Restoration, Tottori encompassed the old provinces of Hōki and Inaba.

paragraphs: The northern coastline of Tottori faces the Sea of Japan. Its eastern border meets Hyōgo Prefecture. The southern border meets Okayama Prefecture and Hiroshima Prefecture. The western border meets Shimane Prefecture.

paragraphs: Four cities are located in Tottori Prefecture:

paragraphs: National Parks are established in about 14% of the total land area of the prefecture.

paragraphs: "Ubi jinjū" and "Shitori jinja" are the chief Shinto shrines ("ichinomiya") in the prefecture.


title: The Mark of Zorro (1920 movie)

paragraphs: The Mark of Zorro is a 1920 silent movie. It stars Douglas Fairbanks and Noah Beery. This "swashbuckler" adventure was the first movie version of "The Mark of Zorro". It was based on the 1919 story "The Curse of Capistrano" by Johnston McCulley. This book introduced the masked hero, Zorro. The screenplay was adapted from the book by Fairbanks (as "Elton Thomas") and Eugene Miller.

paragraphs: The movie was produced by Fairbanks for his own production company, Douglas Fairbanks Pictures Corporation. It was the first movie released through United Artists. This company was formed by Fairbanks, Mary Pickford, Charlie Chaplin, and D. W. Griffith. The movie has been remade twice, once in 1940 (starring Tyrone Power) and again in 1974 (starring Frank Langella).


title: Yamagata Prefecture

paragraphs: The aboriginal people once lived in the area now known as Yamagata.

paragraphs: Yamagata was part of Dewa Province until the Meiji Restoration.

paragraphs: This area was called "Yamagata" for the first time in Heian period. However, different characters were used to write it. The reason why this area was called Yamagata is not clear. In Nanboku-chō period, Yamagata was written in same kanji that it is today.

paragraphs: Yamagata Prefecture is located in the southwest corner of Tōhoku. It faces the Sea of Japan. It borders Niigata Prefecture and Fukushima Prefecture on the south, Miyagi Prefecture on the east, and Akita Prefecture on the north.

paragraphs: The Mogami and the Zaou are the two major rivers in the prefecture.

paragraphs: Thirteen cities are located in Yamagata Prefecture:

paragraphs: National parks cover about 17% of the total land area of the prefecture. They include:

paragraphs: "Ōmonoimia jinja" is the main Shinto shrine ("ichinomiya") in the prefecture.

paragraphs: Yamagata is a farming area. It grows the most cherries and pears in the country. Over 70 percent of cherries in Japan are grown in Yamagata. Growing apples is important around the city of Yonezawa. The safflower is a symbol of Yamagata Prefecture. The number of farms growing safflower have steadily decreased since the 18th century. Yonezawa beef is bred in Yonezawa city. It is one of the most famous varieties of beef in Japan. Yonezawa is also known for its soba noodles.

paragraphs: Shogi (chess) pieces are made in the city of Tendo. The pieces are carved from wood.

paragraphs: Hanagasa festival has been held since 1963 and is one of the major festivals in Tohoku region. At the festival, the dancers dance with "Hanagasa" that is a hat decorated with red flowers. Uesugi snow lantern festival is held on the second weekend of February. The candles in more than 300 snow lanterns and 3,000 snow lamps are lit up.


title: Swashbuckler movie

paragraphs: Swashbuckler movies are movies about rough, manly swordsmen. A swashbuckling hero has high ideals. He rescues damsels in distress. His enemy is usually a dastardly villain. Swashbucklers who combine outstanding courage, swordfighting skill, resourcefulness, chivalry, and a distinctive sense of honor and justice include The Three Musketeers, The Scarlet Pimpernel, Robin Hood, and Zorro.

paragraphs: Swashbuckler movies are one of the most flamboyant Hollywood genres. These movies are unrealistic. They are often set in the Renaissance, in Arabia, or on pirate ships. Sets are elaborate. Costumes are lavish. Swashbuckler movies attract big audiences. These audiences want to forget their boring everyday lives. They can escape their lives in the adventure, romance, and daring stunts of the swashbuckler movie. Famous actors who portrayed swashbucklers are Errol Flynn and Douglas Fairbanks.

paragraphs: The stories came from romantic costume novels like those written by Alexandre Dumas, père and Rafael Sabatini. Last but not least, thrilling music was an important part of the movie formula. There were three great cycles of swashbuckler films: the Douglas Fairbanks period of 1920-1929, the Errol Flynn period of 1935-1941, and a period in the 1950s that included movies such as "Ivanhoe". The British television series "The Adventures of Robin Hood" made the genre even more popular. The genre has been revived in the "Pirates of the Caribbean" series of movies.


title: Tomboy

paragraphs: A tomboy, or sometimes tomgirl, is a girl who does things which are similar to the gender role of a boy. They could also wear masculine-typed clothes and play games and take part in activities which are often quite physical. This type of thing is usually thought to be done more by boys.


title: West Point (1928 movie)

paragraphs: West Point is a 1928 silent movie. The story and screenplay were written by Raymond L. Schrock. Titles were written by Joseph Farnham. The movie was directed by Edward Sedgwick. It was produced by Maj. Raymond G. Moses. The movie was shot on location at West Point and vicinity. "Photoplay" gave the movie a nice review, commenting: "Bill Haines' starring vehicle ... treats everything in a humorous vein in the beginning, getting many laughs." The same story was used for "Dress Parade" in 1927 starring William Boyd and Bessie Love. The 1928 movie has been released to DVD.

paragraphs: Brice Wayne (played by Billy Haines) is an arrogant, impudent, and flippant West Point cadet. He realizes that he does not have the proper school spirit. He plays football, but is dismissed from the team shortly before the Army-Navy match. Brice resigns from the Military Academy. He retracts when his friends Tex McNeil (played by William Bakewell) and Betty Channing (played by Joan Crawford) encourage him to stay. Restored to the team, Brice scores the big goal in the game against Navy.


title: Pope Victor

paragraphs: There were also two antipopes who chose to be called Victor IV.


title: William Haines

paragraphs: Charles William "Billy" Haines (January 2, 1900 – December 26, 1973) was an American movie actor and interior designer. He was a popular star of the silent movie era. In 1933, MGM studio head Louis B. Mayer fired the gay actor because he did not want to enter into a marriage of convenience. Haines never returned to movies. Instead, he started a successful interior design business with his lifelong male partner Jimmie Shields.

paragraphs: Haines was born Charles William Haines on January 2, 1900 in Staunton, Virginia. He sang in the choir of Trinity Episcopal Church. He spent much time in the local movie theater. Haines ran away from home at 14 with his boyfriend. They opened a dance hall in Hopewell, Virginia. The Haines family found their son. He returned home to help support his sick father. He found his way to New York City. He joined the gay community in Greenwich Village. He did some modelling. He was discovered by a talent scout who sent him to Hollywood.

paragraphs: Haines played bit parts in silent movies. His first good role was in "Three Wise Fools" in 1923. The critics liked him. MGM began promoting him as a future star. He generally played arrogant young men who are humbled at the end of the movie.

paragraphs: He took a trip to New York in 1926. He met James "Jimmie" Shields, probably as a pick-up on the street. Haines convinced Shields to move to Los Angeles. He promised to get Shields work as an extra. The two were soon living together. They viewed themselves as a committed couple.

paragraphs: In 1933 he was arrested in a YMCA with a sailor he had picked up in Los Angeles. MGM studio head Louis B. Mayer told Haines to choose between a marriage with a woman or Jimmie Shields. Haines chose Shields. They stayed together for almost 50 years. Mayer fired Haines and ended his contract.

paragraphs: Haines had many movie hits. He was a top-five box office star from 1928 to 1932. A 1930 survey of film exhibitors listed Haines as the top box office attraction in the country. "The Marines are Coming" was his last movie. It was made in a Poverty Row studio in 1934. Haines was blacklisted in Hollywood for moral corruption.

paragraphs: Haines and Shields began careers as interior designers and antique dealers. Hollywood celebrities went to their businesses. In 1936, neighbors accused the two men of seeking sex with their son. Members of the Ku Klux Klan dragged Haines and Shields from their home. They were beaten. Their close friends wanted them to prosecute. They declined. Haines served in World War II. The couple settled into the Hollywood community in Brentwood. Their business made money and they retired in the early 1970s.

paragraphs: Haines and Shields remained together for the rest of their lives. Joan Crawford described them as "the happiest married couple in Hollywood." Haines died from lung cancer in Santa Monica, California at the age of 73. Soon afterward, Shields, who suffered from what many believe to have been Alzheimer's disease, put on Haines' pajamas, took an overdose of pills, and crawled into their bed to die. They were buried side by side in Woodlawn Memorial Cemetery.

paragraphs: William Haines Designs is still in operation. Its main offices are in West Hollywood with showrooms in New York, Denver, and Dallas. Haines's life story is told in the 1998 biography "Wisecracker: The Life and Times of William Haines, Hollywood's First Openly Gay Star" by William J. Mann. Haines's designs are the subject of Peter Schifando and Haines associate Jean H. Mathison's 2005 book "Class Act: William Haines Legendary Hollywood Decorator". World of Wonder produced "Out of the Closet, Off the Screen: The Life of William Haines" It aired on HBO in 2001. Haines has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 7012 Hollywood Boulevard.


title: Martine McCutcheon

paragraphs: Martine McCutcheon (born Martine Kimberley Sherrie Ponting on 14 May 1976) is a British actress and singer. She was born in Hackney, London. She played Tiffany Mitchell in "EastEnders" from 1995-1998. She played Natalie in "Love Actually".


title: Love Actually

paragraphs: Love Actually is a 2003 British romantic comedy-drama movie. The large majority of it is set in London, with parts of it set in Marseille, France and Wisconsin, United States. It features several interlinked stories of love. It was written and directed by Richard Curtis. It stars Hugh Grant, Liam Neeson, Colin Firth, Laura Linney, Emma Thompson, Alan Rickman, Keira Knightley, Martine McCutcheon, Bill Nighy and Rowan Atkinson.


title: Saint-Cyr-l'École

paragraphs: Saint-Cyr-l'École is a commune in the western suburbs of Paris, France. It is 21.4 km (13.3 mi) from the center of Paris.

paragraphs: In 2006, about 16,365 people lived here.

paragraphs: From 1993 to 1996, the main campus of the Service d'exploitation de la formation aéronautique was in the commune.


title: Floodplain

paragraphs: A floodplain is the flat area around a river that is covered in times of flood. A floodplain is a very fertile area due to the rich alluvium (fine sediment) deposited by floodwaters. This makes floodplains a good place for agriculture. A build-up of alluvium on the banks of a river can create levees, which raise the river bank.


title: Satch Boogie

paragraphs: Satch Boogie is the fifth track from Joe Satriani's 1987 album "Surfing With The Alien". The piece is a hard driving rock boogie in shuffle time. The solo is a mixture of A pentatonic blues and Dorian mode, the chord sequence is: A D F# A. The tapping solo uses Satriani's signature Pitch Axis Theory composition style, the central pitch in this case is A and the broken chords revolve around this note.


title: Monomer

paragraphs: A monomer is a single atom or molecule which is able to join with other monomers to make new substances called polymers. The words come from the Greek language where "mono" means "one", "poly" means "many", and "meros" means "a part". A feature of monomers is that they have two carbon atoms which are joined, called a carbon double bond. The double bond allows the monomer to make the long chains of polymers. There are thousands of different monomers. Examples of monomers include monosaccharide which is simple sugar, glycerol, amino acid and nucleotide. The most made monomer is ethylene


title: Anne Tenney

paragraphs: Anne Tenney (born 1954 in Sydney) is an Australian movie and television actress. She is best known for her role as Molly Jones in the television drama "A Country Practice" and as Sal Kerrigan in "The Castle".

paragraphs: Tenney started her career with guest roles in several Australian drama series, before becoming a part of the cast of "A Country Practice" in 1981. She left the program in 1985.

paragraphs: She then got roles in many other television series. These include "Police Rescue", "Brides of Christ", "E Street", "Water Rats", "Always Greener", "All Saints" and "headLand".

paragraphs: She also appeared in 1997 movie "The Castle".

paragraphs: In 1985 and 1986, Tenney won the 'Most Popular Actress' award at the Logies.

paragraphs: She is married to actor Shane Withington. He played her husband on "A Country Practice".


title: Elio Di Rupo

paragraphs: Elio Di Rupo (born 18 July 1951) is a Belgian politician. He served as the Prime Minister of Belgium from 2011 to 2014. He was the leader of Parti Socialiste. He was born in Morlanwelz, Wallonia to Italian parents. Di Rupo is openly gay.

paragraphs: Di Rupo is the first openly gay man to lead a sovereign state. He was also the first openly gay man to win the position in his own right in an election.

paragraphs: Di Rupo is also mayor of Mons and previously alderman of the same city.


title: Kyoto Prefecture

paragraphs: In the Meiji period, Kyoto Prefecture was made from the area of the former Yamashiro Province.

paragraphs: From the 7th century through the late-19th century, the city of Kyoto was the Imperial capital of Japan.

paragraphs: Kyoto Prefecture is almost in the center of Honshū and of Japan. To the north, it faces the Sea of Japan and Fukui Prefecture. To the south, it faces Osaka and Nara Prefectures. To the east, it faces Mie and Shiga Prefectures. To the west, it faces Hyōgo Prefecture.

paragraphs: There are fifteen cities in Kyoto Prefecture.

paragraphs: These are the towns and villages in each district:

paragraphs: National Parks are established in about 6% of the total land area of the prefecture.

paragraphs: The Kamo Shrines ("Kamigamo jinja" and "Shimogamo jinja") are the chief Shinto shrines ("ichinomiya") in the prefecture.


title: Batik

paragraphs: Evidence of early examples of batik has been found in the Far East, Middle East, Central Asia and India from over 2000 years ago. However, it is more likely that the craft spread from Asia to the islands of the Malay Archipelago and west to the Middle East through the caravan route. They are decorated with trees, animals, flute players, hunting scenes, and mountains. Indonesia, most popular on the island of Java, is the area where batik has reached the greatest accomplishment.There are many examples of this form of batik, as well as hand-produced work in many parts of the world today.

paragraphs: Batik is an art that is becoming more popular in the West. In Indonesia, batik is a part of an ancient tradition and has been taught for centuries. The word batik is from Java and it means to "dot". To make a batik, an artist uses the cloth as the paper, and they just start drawing hot wax over the cloth. Each culture has different traditional styles of batik. The history of batik is really expressive. There are a lot of techniques available for the artist to have the opportunity to explore a unique process in an exciting way.

paragraphs: To make a batik, they use the cloth as the paper, and they just start drawing hot wax over the cloth. And they said if we repeated the process, it will be more colorful. For the first step, make sure the cloth is washed. Batik patterns are drawn with pencil and later drawn again using a hot wax. The very common thing that people use is the pen-like instrument called a tjanting. After the cloth is dry, the areas keep their original color, and it also shows the pattern between the areas that have the color and do not have the color. It gives them a pattern. Then the artist repeats the process once for each color. A very traditional type of batik, called written batik, is drawn using only a tjanting. The cloth needs to be drawn on both sides and put in a color bath three or four times. The process may take up to a year.


title: Payment protection insurance

paragraphs: Payment protection insurance (commonly abbreviated PPI) is a special insurance. People who get a loan can get an insurance against dying, having an accident or becoming unemployed during the runtime of this loan. If the person taking the loan dies, the rest of the loan is paid by the insurance company; if they become unable to work because of an accident, or because of unemployment, the insurance company will pay the installments.

paragraphs: This form of insurance has often been criticised because it is expensive; also the insurance and the people selling the insurance usually have high margins on these kinds of insurance.


title: Otoya Yamaguchi

paragraphs: Yamaguchi was an assassin because he killed a politically active man. His reasons for the murder were political.

paragraphs: Yamaguchi was a member of a radical group. In 1960, he killed Inejiro Asanuma when he was at a public meeting. Soon after, Yamaguchi killed himself in a juvenile center. He wrote on the wall of the room in which he hung himself. His last words were written using a paste made from tooth powder and water. He wrote "Seven lives for my country ..." which was a reference to the last words of 14th century samurai Kusunoki Masashige.

paragraphs: Yasushi Nagao captured the assassination in a dramatic photograph. The Japanese photographer was the first non-American to be awarded the Pulitzer Prize. The image won the 1960 World Press Photo award.

paragraphs: Nobel Prize-winning writer Kenzaburō Ōe based his book "Seventeen" on Yamaguchi.


title: West Hollywood, California

paragraphs: West Hollywood (nickname: WeHo) is a city of Los Angeles County, California. It was made a city on November 29, 1984. The population was 34,399 at the 2010 census. According to a 2002 analysis, 41% of the city's population is made up of gays. West Hollywood and the neighboring city of Beverly Hills are surrounded by the city of Los Angeles.


title: Steve Reeves

paragraphs: Stephen L. "Steve" Reeves (21 January 1926 - 1 May 2000) was an American bodybuilder and actor. He was born in Glasgow, Montana. He moved to California with his mother at age 10. He trained as a bodybuilder. He joined the US Army and served in the Pacific during World War II.

paragraphs: After the war, he pursued bodybuilding. In 1946, he won the title of Mr. Pacific Coast. Within the next four years he won the world's most famous titles, including Mr. America, Mr. World, and Mr. Universe.

paragraphs: Reeves started acting. In 1954, he had some small parts in movies and was on television. In 1957, he made "Hercules", a low budget movie based on the ancient Greek stories of the Golden Fleece. The movie was a great success. It made $5 million in the United States.

paragraphs: From 1959 through 1964, Reeves starred in many low budget peplum movies. In 1963, he married Aline Czarzawicz. The couple retired to Southern California in 1969. He wrote an exercise guide, "Building the Classic Physique the Natural Way". He bought a ranch and bred horses. Reeves died from lymphoma in Escondido, California in 2000.


title: Hercules (1958 movie)

paragraphs: Hercules is a 1958 movie. It is based on the Ancient Greek tales of Hercules, Jason, the Argonauts, and the Golden Fleece. Steve Reeves stars as Hercules. A massive "saturation" promotional campaign was launched in the United States for the movie. It opened in 175 theaters alone in the New York City area. "Hercules" became a big hit as a result, and Steve Reeves became a big star. "Hercules" paved the way for dozens of flicks starring oily bodybuilders as mythological heroes battling monsters, despots, and evil queens. The movie had a sequel called "Hercules Unchained". It also starred Reeves.


title: Peplum movie

paragraphs: Peplum movie (sometimes, sword and sandal movie) is a movie genre. Peplum movies have an ancient Greek, Roman, or Biblical setting. "Peplum" refers to a garment worn by the ancient Greeks and Romans.

paragraphs: The central character in a peplum movie is usually a muscular hero like Hercules or Samson. He wears a short peplum and battles monsters, despots, and evil queens. This oil-slicked, nearly-nude hero is rewarded at the end of the movie with the cheers of his people, clan, or tribe and the hand of a lovely princess.

paragraphs: Peplum movies were mostly made in Italy. Italian moviemakers modelled peplum movies on the big budget Hollywood epics like "Spartacus". The genre was very important in Italian moviemaking from 1957 to 1965, but was shoved aside in 1965 by the "Spaghetti Western".

paragraphs: Critics thought peplum movies were pretty poor stuff. They treated them with contempt. Italian director Vittorio Cottafavi called the genre "Neo-Mythology". Charlton Heston's "Ben-Hur" (1959) and Elizabeth Taylor's "Cleopatra" (1963) are generally considered big-budget sword and sandal movies that mark the end of the genre.


title: Muscular Christianity

paragraphs: Muscular Christianity is a term for a movement originating during the Victorian era. It stressed the need for active Christian activism and belief of vigorous masculinity. It is most associated with the English writers Charles Kingsley and Thomas Hughes, and in Canada with Ralph Connor, though the name was bestowed by others. Kingsley and Hughes promoted physical strength and health (at least for men) as well as an active pursuit of Christian ideals in personal life and politics.

paragraphs: Muscular Christianity has continued itself through organisations that combine physical and Christian spiritual development. It is influential within both Catholicism and Protestantism.


title: Sean Stone

paragraphs: Sean Ali Stone (born 1984) is an American movie director, producer, cinematographer, screenwriter and actor. He is the elder son of Oliver Stone.


title: Machinima

paragraphs: Machinima ( or ) is a type of animation and digital moviemaking style. It is the use of 3D computer graphics with a 3D video game or computer game to create the 3D animation. The creator who is making the video will record in-game animation and edit it with voice recordings. Machinima can be script-driven, meaning the cameras, characters, and effects are scripted for playback in real time. Unlike other types of animation, the scripting is driven by events and not keyframes.

paragraphs: "Machinima" limits the controls of other animation types. This is according to Machinima.org. For example, "Machinima" videos can be shot live or scripted in real time. So it becomes much faster to produce than traditionally animated movies.

paragraphs: "Machinima" productions can remain close to their gaming roots and feature stunts or other portrayals of gameplay. Popular genres include dance videos, comedy, and drama. Alternatively, some filmmakers attempt to stretch the boundaries of the rendering engines or to mask the original 3-D context. The Academy of Machinima Arts & Sciences (AMAS), a non-profit organization dedicated to promoting machinima, recognizes exemplary productions through Mackie awards given at its annual Machinima Film Festival. Some general film festivals accept machinima, and game companies, such as Epic Games, Blizzard Entertainment and Jagex, have sponsored contests involving it.\

paragraphs: The AMAS defines machinima as "animated filmmaking within a real-time virtual 3-D environment". In other 3-D animation methods, creators can control every frame and nuance of their characters but, in turn, must consider issues such as key frames and in-betweening. Machinima creators leave many rendering details to their host environments, but may thus inherit those environments' limitations. Because game animations focus on dramatic rather than casual actions, the range of character emotions is often limited. However, Kelland, Morris, and Lloyd state that a small range of emotions is often sufficient, as in successful Japanese anime television series.

paragraphs: Another difference is that machinima is created in real time, but other animation is pre-rendered. Real-time engines need to trade quality for speed and use simpler algorithms and models. In the 2001 animated film "", every strand of hair on a character's head was independent; real-time needs would likely force them to be treated as a single unit. Kelland, Morris, and Lloyd argue that improvement in consumer-grade graphics technology will allow more realism; For cut scenes in video games, issues other than visual fidelity arise. Pre-rendered scenes can require more digital storage space, weaken suspension of disbelief through contrast with real-time animation of normal gameplay, and limit interaction.

paragraphs: Like live action, machinima is recorded in real-time, and real people can act and control the camera. Filmmakers are often encouraged to follow traditional cinematic conventions, such as avoiding wide fields of view, the overuse of slow motion, and errors in visual continuity. Unlike live action, machinima involves less expensive, digital special effects and sets, possibly with a science-fiction or historical theme. Explosions and stunts can be tried and repeated without monetary cost and risk of injury, and the host environment may allow unrealistic physical constraints. University of Cambridge experiments in 2002 and 2003 attempted to use machinima to re-create a scene from the 1942 live-action film "Casablanca". Machinima filming differed from traditional cinematography in that character expression was limited, but camera movements were more flexible and improvised. Nitsche compared this experiment to an unpredictable Dogme 95 production.

paragraphs: Berkeley sees machinima as "a strangely hybrid form, looking forwards and backwards, cutting edge and conservative at the same time". Machinima is a digital medium based on 3-D computer games, but most works have a linear narrative structure. Some, such as "Red vs. Blue" and "The Strangerhood", follow narrative conventions of television situational comedy. Nitsche agrees that pre-recorded ("reel") machinima tends to be linear and offers limited interactive storytelling; he sees more opportunities in machinima performed live and with audience interaction. In creating their improvisational comedy series "On the Campaign Trail with Larry & Lenny Lumberjack" and talk show "Tra5hTa1k with ILL Will", the ILL Clan blended real and virtual performance by creating the works on-stage and interacting with a live audience. In another combination of real and virtual worlds, Chris Burke's talk show "This Spartan Life" takes place in "Halo 2"s open multiplayer environment. There, others playing in earnest may attack the host or his interviewee. Although other virtual theatrical performances have taken place in chat rooms and multi-user dungeons, machinima adds "cinematic camera work". Previously, such virtual cinematic performances with live audience interaction were confined to research labs which had powerful computers.

paragraphs: Machinima can be less expensive than other forms of filmmaking. Strange Company produced its feature-length machinima film "BloodSpell" for less than £10,000. Before using machinima, Burnie Burns and Matt Hullum of Rooster Teeth Productions spent US$9,000 to produce a live-action independent film; in contrast, the four Xbox game consoles used to make "Red vs. Blue" in 2005 cost $600. The low cost caused a product manager for Electronic Arts to compare machinima to the low-budget independent film "The Blair Witch Project", without the need for cameras and actors. Because these are seen as low barriers to entry, machinima has been called a "democratization of filmmaking". Berkeley weighs increased participation and a blurred line between producer and consumer against concerns that game copyrights limit commercialization and growth of machinima.

paragraphs: Comparatively, machinimists using pre-made virtual platforms like Second Life have indicated that their productions can be made quite successfully with no cost at all. Creators like Dutch director Chantal Harvey, producer of the 48 Hour Film Project Machinima sector, have created upwards of 200 films using the platform. Harvey's advocacy of the genre has resulted in the involvement of film director Peter Greenaway who was a juror for the Machinima category and gave a keynote speech during the event.

paragraphs: Kelland, Morris, and Lloyd list four main methods of creating machinima. From simple to advanced, these are: relying on the game's AI to control most actions, digital puppetry, recamming, and precise scripting of actions. Although simple to produce, AI-dependent results are unpredictable, thus complicating the realization of a preconceived film script. For example, when Rooster Teeth produced "The Strangerhood" using "The Sims 2", a game that encourages the use of its AI, the group had to create multiple instances of each character to accommodate different moods. Individual instances were selected at different times to produce appropriate actions.

paragraphs: In digital puppetry, machinima creators become virtual actors; each crew member controls a character in real-time, as in a multiplayer game. The director can use built-in camera controls, if available. Otherwise, video is captured from the perspectives of one or more puppeteers who serve as camera operators. Puppetry allows for improvisation and offers controls familiar to gamers, but requires more personnel than the other methods and is less precise than scripted recordings. However, some games, such as the "Halo" series, (except for Halo PC and Custom Edition, which allow AI and custom objects and characters), allow filming only through puppetry. According to Marino, other disadvantages are the possibility of disruption when filming in an open multi-user environment and the temptation for puppeteers to play the game in earnest, littering the set with blood and dead bodies. However, Chris Burke intentionally hosts "This Spartan Life" in these unpredictable conditions, which are fundamental to the show. Other works filmed using puppetry are the ILL Clan's improvisational comedy series "On the Campaign Trail with Larry & Lenny Lumberjack" and Rooster Teeth Productions' "Red vs. Blue". In recamming, which builds on puppetry, actions are first recorded to a game engine's demo file format, not directly as video frames. Without re-enacting scenes, artists can then manipulate the demo files to add cameras, tweak timing and lighting, and change the surroundings. This technique is limited to the few engines and software tools that support it.

paragraphs: A technique common in cut scenes of video games, scripting consists of giving precise directions to the game engine. A filmmaker can work alone this way, as J. Thaddeus "Mindcrime" Skubis did in creating the nearly four-hour "The Seal of Nehahra" (2000), the longest work of machinima at the time. However, perfecting scripts can be time-consuming. Unless what-you-see-is-what-you-get (WYSIWYG) editing is available, as in "", changes may need to be verified in additional runs, and non-linear editing may be difficult. In this respect, Kelland, Morris, and Lloyd compare scripting to stop-motion animation. Another disadvantage is that, depending on the game, scripting capabilities may be limited or unavailable. Matinee, a machinima software tool included with "Unreal Tournament 2004", popularized scripting in machinima.

paragraphs: When "Diary of a Camper" was created, no software tools existed to edit demo files into films. Rangers clan member Eric "ArchV" Fowler wrote his own programs to reposition the camera and to splice footage from the "Quake" demo file. "Quake" movie editing software later appeared, but the use of conventional non-linear video editing software is now common. For example, Phil South inserted single, completely white frames into his work "No Licence" to enhance the visual impact of explosions. In the post-production of "", Rooster Teeth Productions added letterboxing with Adobe Premiere Pro to hide the camera player's head-up display.

paragraphs: Machinima creators have used different methods to handle limited character expression. In the "Halo" video game series, helmets completely cover the characters' faces. To prevent confusion, Rooster Teeth's characters move slightly when speaking, a convention shared with anime. Some machinima creators use custom software. For example, Strange Company uses Take Over GL Face Skins to add more facial expressions to their characters filmed in BioWare's 2002 role-playing video game "Neverwinter Nights". Similarly, Atussa Simon used a "library of faces" for characters in "The Battle of Xerxes". In some cases, some game companies may provide such software; examples include Epic Games' Impersonator for "Unreal Tournament 2004" and Valve Corporation's FacePoser for "Half-Life 2". Another solution is to blend in non-machinima elements, as nGame did by inserting painted characters with more expressive faces into its 1999 film "Berlin Assassins". It may be possible to point the camera elsewhere or employ other creative cinematography or acting. For example, Tristan Pope combined creative character and camera positioning with video editing to suggest sexual actions in his controversial film "Not Just Another Love Story".


title: Oswald (TV series)

paragraphs: Oswald is an American/British/Canadian animated series about a blue octopus and his friends. It first aired August 20, 2001, on Nickelodeon's Nick Jr. block. It officially ended in late 2003.

paragraphs: The show was created by Dan Yaccarino and was co-produced by HiT Entertainment and Nick Jr. Productions. It was also shown on Nick Jr. on CBS and the Nick Jr. channel. It also airs on the British channel "JimJam" which is shown in numerous countries including Israel. In addition, the Indian channel Zee TV currently airs a Hindi dubbed version.

paragraphs: Oswald is the central character of the show. He is a large blue octopus with four arms and four legs who lives in an apartment complex with Henry the Penguin and several other animals. A very gentle, polite, and big-hearted octopus, Oswald is always willing to go out of his way to help his friends. He is able to turn worrisome situations into opportunities for fun adventures and laughs. Oswald is all about safety and always wears a life preserver when he is around water. His favorite hobbies are playing the piano and singing.


title: Jason and the Argonauts (1963 movie)

paragraphs: Jason and the Argonauts is a 1963 movie. It stars Todd Armstrong as Jason. The movie is about the quest for the Golden Fleece. It was directed by Don Chaffey. The special effects were the creation of stop-motion animation expert Ray Harryhausen. The movie is famous for its monsters and the battle with the skeletons. "Hercules" is another movie on the Golden Fleece theme that was made about the same time. It stars legendary bodybuilder Steve Reeves.


title: Ulysses (1954 movie)

paragraphs: Ulysses is a 1955 3-D Italian adventure movie. It is based on Homer's poem "The Odyssey", and tells of Odysseus's attempts to return home to Ithaca after the Trojan War. Silvana Mangano plays two roles, as Penelope, the faithful wife of Ulysses and the sorceress, Circe. Kirk Douglas stars the Greek hero, Ulysses. Anthony Quinn plays Antinous.


title: Clash of the Titans

paragraphs: Clash of the Titans is a 1981 movie. It is about the Greek hero Perseus. He is played by Harry Hamlin. The movie features the final work of stop motion artist, Ray Harryhausen. It made $41 million in the United States. It was the 11th highest money-making movie of the year. Warner Bros. released a remake in 3D on April 2, 2010. Many big stars were in the movie including Laurence Olivier, Maggie Smith, and Ursula Andress.

paragraphs: King Acrisius of Argos (Donald Houston) has his daughter Danaë (Vida Taylor) imprisoned in a tower, out of jealousy for her beauty. However, Zeus (Laurence Olivier), king of the Greek gods, impregnates her and the product of this affair is Perseus. Fearing that his grandson will one day grow up to kill him, Acrisius has both mother and child set out to sea in a wooden chest, in the hopes of killing them. However, out of revenge, Zeus has Acrisius killed and orders the sea god Poseidon (Jack Gwillim) to release the last of the Titans, a giant humanoid sea monster called the Kraken, to destroy Argos. Meanwhile, Danaë and Perseus miraculously survive and land on the island of Seriphos, where Perseus grows into a young man.

paragraphs: Calibos (Neil McCarthy) is a young man who is the son of the sea goddess Thetis (Maggie Smith) and due to be married to Andromeda (Judi Bowker), daughter of Queen Cassiopeia (Siân Phillips) and heiress to the throne of Joppa; however, he has killed off every living thing in the Wells of the Moon (which he was entrusted to guard), among them Zeus' sacred herd of winged horses (except for Pegasus). To punish him, Zeus transforms Calibos into a monstrous satyr and has him exiled by his people. In retribution, Thetis transports the adult Perseus (Harry Hamlin) to an abandoned amphitheatre in Joppa where he encounters the aged poet Ammon (Burgess Meredith) from whom he learns that Andromeda is under a curse and is unable to marry unless her suitors can correctly answer a riddle; those who fail are burned at the stake. To aid his son, Zeus sends Perseus an invisibility helmet from Athena (Susan Fleetwood), a magic sword from Aphrodite (Ursula Andress) and a shield from Hera (Claire Bloom). Wearing the helmet, Perseus manages to capture Pegasus and follows Andromeda to learn the next riddle. Calibos nearly kills Perseus, but he escapes, losing his helmet in the process and also managing to sever Calibos' hand.

paragraphs: With the help of Thallo (Tim Pigott-Smith), Perseus presents himself as a suitor and correctly answers the riddle, presenting Calibos' severed hand and winning the hand of Andromeda in marriage. When Calibos finds his mother cannot act against Perseus, he commands her to take vengeance on Joppa. When Cassiopeia compares her daughter's beauty to that of Thetis', the enraged goddess demands that Andromeda must be sacrificed to the Kraken or Joppa will be destroyed.

paragraphs: While Perseus tries to find a way to conquer the Kraken, Pegasus is captured by Calibos' henchmen. Zeus commands Athena to give her owl Bubo to Perseus, but she convinces the gods' blacksmith Hephaestus (Pat Roach) to create a golden replica instead, who leads Perseus to a trio of hags called the Stygian Witches (Flora Robson, Anna Manahan and Freda Jackson), who have one tooth and eye between them. By taking their magic eye, Perseus forces them to reveal that the only way for the Kraken to be killed is by killing the gorgon, Medusa, who lives on an island at the edge of the Underworld. The group continues on their journey, minus Andromeda and Ammon, who return to Joppa.

paragraphs: While on the Gorgon's island, Perseus and his companions are attacked by Dioskilos, Medusa's two-headed hellhound. During the fight, one of the party is killed by the beast, before he is eventually slain by Perseus. He leads his two remaining allies into the gorgon's lair, where Medusa herself kills the two men, shooting one of them with an arrow and petrifying the other. Perseus uses his shield's reflective side to deceive Medusa and decapitates her. He collects her head, but his shield is dissolved by the gorgon's caustic blood.

paragraphs: As Perseus and his party set to return they are attacked by Calibos, who punctures the bag containing Medusa's severed head, and three giant scorpions called Scorpiochs rise out of the blood. They attack Thallo, who managed to kill one of the scorpions, who Calibos later kills. Perseus slays the two remaining scorpions and Calibos, and later grieves for Thallo. Weakened from his fight, Perseus sends Bubo to rescue the captive Pegasus. Bubo succeeds in freeing the horse and he also manages to destroy Calibos' camp. Perseus manages to reach the Joppa amphitheater, but collapses from exhaustion. Andromeda is chained to the cliffs near Joppa and the Kraken is summoned. Bubo arrives and diverts the monster's attention until Perseus (whose strength was secretly restored by Zeus) arrives, mounted on Pegasus. In the battle, he uses Medusa's head to turn the Kraken to stone, causing to crumble into pieces. Perseus then throws Medusa's head into the ocean, frees Andromeda and subsequently marries her.

paragraphs: The gods predict that Perseus and Andromeda will live happily for the rest of the lives and have children. Zeus also forbids the gods from pursuing vengeance against them. The constellations of Perseus, Andromeda, Cassiopeia and Pegasus are created in their honor.


title: Childhood

paragraphs: Childhood is the period between birth and puberty. Childhood ends when a human being begins puberty. The state or period of being a child is called childhood. In many places, childhood ends at a fixed age of majority. The child becomes an adult, sometimes with a rite of passage. Another word for teenagers and adolescents is "youth".


title: Engen

paragraphs: Engen (延元) was a of the Southern Court during the Nanboku-chō period after "Kemmu" and before "Kōkoku". This period started in February 1336 and ended in April 1340. The monarchs during this time were and . The Northern Court pretender in Kyoto was .


title: Kōkoku

paragraphs: Kōkoku (興国) was a of the Southern Court during the Nanboku-chō period after "Engen" and before "Shōhei". This period started in April 1340 and ended in December 1346. The monarch during this time were was . The Northern Court pretender in Kyoto was .


title: Anglo-Saxon runes

paragraphs: The Anglo-Saxon runes are runes that were used from the 5th to the 8th century. It extends Elder Futhark from 24 to between 26 and 33 characters. Like the Elder Futhark, it is named after the first few letters in the series: These transliterate to Futhorc in modern English. The script was used to record Old English and Old Frisian. Inscriptions using Futhorc are rare after the 9th century, and completely disappear after the Norman conquest.


title: Shōhei

paragraphs: The monarchs during this time were and . The Northern Court pretenders in Kyoto were , and .


title: Hercules vs. the Moon Men

paragraphs: Hercules Against the Moon Men is a 1964 Italian/French movie. It was directed by Giacomo Gentilomo. It stars Alan Steel (real name Sergio Ciani). The movie "blends" elements from Roman, Greek, Cretan and Egyptian mythologies. In the original Italian language version, the hero was not Hercules. The hero was Maciste. Maciste was a hero in Italian silent movies. Its original Italian title was "Maciste e la regina di Samar" ("Maciste and the Queen of Samar"). Its French title was "Maciste contre les hommes de pierre" ("Maciste Against the Men of Stone"). The English distributors dubbed the hero Hercules, because Maciste was not well known to American audiences.

paragraphs: A race of evil moon men land on Earth. For years, they have terrorized the city of Samar. They have made the people of Samar give them children to be sacrifices. Now, the queen of Samar has made an pact with the moon men to take control of the world. She wants to become the most powerful woman alive. The people of Samar do not like all the chaos. They cheer when the mighty Hercules shows up to end it all.


title: Kentoku

paragraphs: Kentoku (建徳) was a Japanese era name (年号, "nengō", lit. year name) of the Southern Court during the Nanboku-chō period after "Shōhei" and before "Bunchū". The period started in July 1370 and ended in April 1372. The Southern Court monarch in Yoshino during this time was . The Northern Court pretender in Kyoto was .


title: Bunchū

paragraphs: Bunchū (文中) was a Japanese era name (年号, "nengō", lit. year name) of the Southern Court during the Nanboku-chō period after "Kentoku" and before "Tenju". This period started in October 1372 and ended in May 1375. The Southern Court monarch in Yoshino during this time was . The Northern Court pretender in Kyoto was .


title: Tenju

paragraphs: Tenju (天授) was a Japanese era name (年号, "nengō", lit. year name) of the Southern Court during the Nanboku-chō period after Bunchū and before Kōwa. This period started in May 1375 and ended in February 1381. The Southern Court monarch in Yoshino during this time was . The Northern Court pretender in Kyoto was .


title: Kōwa (Muromachi period)

paragraphs: Kōwa (弘和) was a Japanese era name (年号, "nengō", lit. year name) of the Southern Court during the Nanboku-chō period after Tenju and before Genchū. This period started in February 1381 and ended in April 1384. The Southern Court monarchs in Yoshino during this time-frame were and . The Northern Court monarchs in Kyoto were and


title: Women's movies

paragraphs: Women's movies is a movie genre. These movies are ones that moviemakers expect women to like. They are about women. They have themes that moviemakers think would interest women such as home, family life, being a mother, making sacrifices, and romance. Women's movies are movies that were made "for" women by predominantly male screenwriters and directors whereas "women's cinema" is movies that have been made "by" women. Women's movies have been made for years and years, ever since the silent movie days. It took a while for the term "woman's movie" to be used though. These movies were called "melodramas" at first. They were very popular during World War II. Their production fell off in the 1960s. The term "woman's movie" went south in the 1960s even though such movies were still being made. George Cukor, Douglas Sirk, Max Ophüls, and Josef von Sternberg directed woman's movies. Joan Crawford, Bette Davis, and Barbara Stanwyck made many woman's movies. "Mildred Pierce", "Jezebel" and "Stella Dallas" are examples of woman's movies.


title: Handshakes and Middle Fingers

paragraphs: Handshakes and Middle Fingers is the second major release studio album by Canadian rapper, Classified. "Handshakes and Middle Fingers" was released on March 22, 2011. The album spawned three singles "That Ain't Classy", "The Day Doesn't Die" and "Maybe It's Just Me". "That Ain't Classy" peaked at #45 on the Canadian Hot 100 while "The Day Doesn't Die" peaked at #83 on the Canadian Hot 100. The album peaked at #7 on the Canadian Albums Chart and also hit #2 on the iTunes top seller list.


title: The Wedding Singer

paragraphs: The Wedding Singer is a 1998 American romantic comedy movie starring Adam Sandler and Drew Barrymore. It follows a wedding singer falling in love with a waitress in 1984.


title: Rafael Landry Tanubrata

paragraphs: Rafael Landry Tanubrata (born in Garut, West Java, Indonesia, November 16, 1986) is an Indonesian pop and R&B singer-songwriter, hip hop dancer and actor. He is a member of the boy band SM*SH.

paragraphs: Rafael Landry Tanubrata born in November 16, 1986 star sign in Scorpio. favorite song Daniel Bedingfield "If You're Not the One" (2002) and Mario "Let Me Love You" (2004).


title: In Search of the Castaways

paragraphs: In Search of the Castaways is a 1962 Walt Disney Productions movie. It stars Hayley Mills, George Sanders, and Maurice Chevalier. The movie was directed by Robert Stevenson. It was based on Jules Verne's 1868 adventure novel "Captain Grant's Children". The movie was Mills's third of six movies for the Disney Studios. The movie was a box office hit.

paragraphs: The Sherman brothers (Robert B. and Richard M. Sherman) wrote the songs "Castaway", "Merci Beaucoup", "Let's Climb", and "Enjoy It". Movie critic Hal Erickson wrote, "[The movie] is a roller-coaster of a Disney film, making up in excitement what it lacks in credibility or coherence...the film was ideal Saturday-matinee fodder for the kiddie trade in 1963."

paragraphs: Teenager Mary Grant, her brother Robert, and their friend Professor Paganel, persuade Lord Glenarvan to rescue shipwrecked Captain Grant. They sail halfway around the world on Lord Glenarvan's yacht. The friends survive an earthquake, a flood, a fire, an attack by a giant condor, and a volcanic eruption before rescuing Captain Grant from fierce Maoris.

paragraphs: A subplot involves a criminal named Thomas Ayerton, a former crew-member of Captain Grant's ship. He was responsible for Captain Grant's disappearance. Another subplot involves a romance between Mary and Lord Glenarvan's son John.


title: Man and the Biosphere Programme

paragraphs: The Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB) is a division of UNESCO that tries to improve and encourage conservation and sustainability around the world. It was created in 1971. Its main focus is a network of biosphere reserves. The programme acts as a kind of forum for exchanging ideas and experiences on sustainable development and management of these reserves. Biosphere reserves are areas that are supposed to develop creative ideas, test them and share the results. To date, there are 621 biosphere reserves in 117 countries.


title: Around the World in 80 Days (1956 movie)

paragraphs: Around the World in 80 Days (sometimes written as "Around the World in Eighty Days") is a 1956 adventure movie. It stars David Niven, Cantinflas, and Shirley MacLaine. It was produced by the Michael Todd Company and released by United Artists. The movie was directed by Michael Anderson. The screenplay was written by James Poe, John Farrow, and S. J. Perelman. It was based on the novel of the same name by Jules Verne. The music score was composed by Victor Young. The cinematography was by Lionel Lindon. The movie won many Academy Awards, including "Best Picture". Many well known actors made small appearances in the movie. These stars include Charles Boyer, Marlene Dietrich, and Frank Sinatra.


title: Lake retention time

paragraphs: Lake retention time (also called the residence time of lake water, or the water age or flushing time) is the calculated average time that water (or a dissolved substance) spends in a lake. At its simplest this figure is the result of dividing the lake volume by the flow in or out of the lake. It describes the amount of time that is needed for a substance to flow in and out of a lake.


title: Mysterious Island (1961 movie)

paragraphs: Mysterious Island is a 1961 movie. It was released by Morningside Productions through Columbia Pictures. The movie was based on the book "The Mysterious Island" by Jules Verne. The movie was produced by Charles H. Schneer and Ray Harryhausen. It was directed by Cy Endfield. The movie was filmed at Shepperton Studios, Shepperton, England as a showcase for Harryhausen's stop-motion animation effects. The music was composed by Bernard Herrmann. The movie stars Michael Craig as Captain Harding; Joan Greenwood as Lady Mary Fairchild; and Herbert Lom as Captain Nemo.

paragraphs: Union soldiers escape in a hot air balloon from a Confederate prison camp during the American Civil War. They crash-land in the ocean. They are washed ashore on an unknown island where gigantic animals live. The animals are the result of experiments by Captain Nemo. He is an unknown benefactor to the castaways as they struggle to survive on the island. A volcano threatens to erupt. The stranded group escapes from the island on a pirate ship. The volcano destroys the island. The animated "monsters" that the castaways encounter are a giant crab, a giant flightless bird, giant bees, and a giant cephalopod.


title: Discharge (hydrology)

paragraphs: In hydrology, discharge is the outflow of water from a river or lake or other body of water. The discharge describes how much water flows through, in a certain amount of time. The amount is usually expressed in formula_1 (cubic metres per second).

paragraphs: The discharge is the opposite of the inflow.


title: Bagnolet

paragraphs: Bagnolet is a town in the east suburbs of Paris, France. It is 5.2 km (3.2 mi) from the center of Paris and is in the department of Seine-Saint-Denis. About 34,595 people lived there in 2006.

paragraphs: From 1989 to 1999, the aviation engineering school Institut polytechnique des sciences avancées was in the town.


title: Orly

paragraphs: Orly is a town near Paris, France. It is in the Val-de-Marne département and the Île-de-France region. There are about 21,372 people in the town (as of 2007).

paragraphs: The École nationale de l'aviation civile (French civil aviation university) was built at Orly in 1949. It was there from 1949 to 1969. The buildings are still visible from the road going to the airport of Paris Orly.


title: Georges Méliès

paragraphs: Georges Méliès (8 December 1861 – 21 January 1938) was a French moviemaker. He led the way in the use of special effects, multiple exposures, time-lapse photography, dissolves, and hand-painted colour in his work. His movies include "Conquest of the Pole", "A Trip to the Moon", and "The Impossible Voyage". These movies involve strange, surreal voyages, like those in Jules Verne's books. These movies are among the most important early science fiction movies. Méliès's "The Haunted Castle" is an early horror movie.

paragraphs: Méliès was born in Paris, France in 1861. He liked drawing and playing with a puppet theater as a child. He went to the theater often as a young man. About 1888, Méliès bought the Théatre Robert-Houdin and worked there as a magician. He became obsessed with moviemaking after seeing a movie by Antoine Lumière in 1895. In May 1896, he acquired his own movie camera and set up a movie studio. At the end of 1896, he formed a new company, Star Film.

paragraphs: Méliès began making movies that were three to nine minute long. He wrote, designed, filmed, and acted in nearly all of his movies. He liked putting magic tricks into his movies. While filming a street scene one day, the camera stopped briefly. When Méliès looked at the movie later, he noticed that at the moment of the break, the bus he had been filming suddenly disappeared and new vehicles replaced it. Making items appear and disappear by stopping and starting the camera would become one of his most commonly used movie tricks.

paragraphs: In 1902, Méliès produced his first masterpiece, "A Trip to the Moon". It was inspired by several works of the time that speculated about life on the moon. H.G. Wells and Jules Verne wrote about space travel, for instance, and Offenbach composed an opera about a trip to the moon. "Trip" was a huge success in France. Méliès hoped to make a fortune showing it in the United States. Thomas Edison and other moviemakers made copies of "Trip" however, and made money on Méliès's work.


title: The Haunted Castle

paragraphs: The Haunted Castle is an 1896 three-minute-long French movie written, directed, and produced by Georges Méliès. The movie contains many traditional pantomime elements. It was meant to amuse people, not frighten them. It is considered to be the first horror and vampire movie. "The Haunted Castle" is now in the public domain. In English, this movie has been known as "The Haunted Castle", "The Devil's Castle", "The Devil's Manor", "The Manor of the Devil", and "The House of the Devil". It was released on Christmas Eve, 1896, at the Theatre Robert Houdin, 8 boulevard des Italiens, Paris.

paragraphs: A large bat flies into a castle. The bat circles slowly while flapping its monstrous wings. Suddenly, it changes into Mephistopheles (Georges Méliès). After preparing a cauldron, the demon produces skeletons, ghosts, and witches from the bubbling contents of a cauldron. One of those summoned from the underworld holds up a crucifix. Satan vanishes in a blast of smoke.


title: Koei

paragraphs: , also known as , is a Japanese video game publisher, developer, and distributor.

paragraphs: In 2009, Koei merged with a competitor, Tecmo.


title: Loreen

paragraphs: Lorine Zineb Nora Talhaoui (born 16 October 1983 in Stockholm), better known by her stage name Loreen, is a Swedish pop singer and music producer. She has Moroccan-Berber ancestry. Loreen represented Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 2012 in Baku, Azerbaijan. She sang "Euphoria". She was discovered in the Swedish casting show "Idol". After winning the Eurovision Song Contest 2012, her song was number one in the billboard charts in many countries.


title: Computer speaker

paragraphs: Computer speakers are speakers external (meaning that they are on the outside) to a computer. Speakers contain amplifiers which vibrate to produce the sound. They come in many different forms. Some speakers are already attached to a computer. Some speakers are wireless. They work by Bluetooth.


title: Triodia

paragraphs: Triodia is a large genus of grass endemic to Australia. They are often called spinifex, but they are not a part of the genus "Spinifex", which is only found near the coast. There are 64 known species. Triodia is a perennial grass that grows in dry areas. They have spikey, pointed leaves, about 30-40 centimetres long.

paragraphs: The leaf tips can break off in people's skin, causing infections. Spinifex has been used by Australian Aborigines in many things. The seeds are collected for food. Spinifex resin is used as a glue in spear-making. The grasses were also burned to make smoke signals, to communicate with groups a long way away. Some species are used for building shelters. Others are used to make traps for catching fish.


title: 38th G8 summit

paragraphs: The 38th G8 summit was held at Camp David, Maryland in the United States on May 18-19, 2012. The summit venue was moved from Chicago to rural Maryland in March 2012.

paragraphs: The Camp David summit of the Group of Eight (G8) was the 38th meeting in a series which began in 1976.

paragraphs: Previous G8 summits have been hosted by the United States at San Juan, Puerto Rico (1976); Williamsburg, Virginia (1983); Houston, Texas, Denver, Colorado (1997) and Sea Island, Georgia.

paragraphs: The G8 and the summit are part of a consultation process. The G8 is not an international organization. It is an informal group.

paragraphs: The participants were the "core members" of the group:

paragraphs: A number of national leaders are traditionally invited to attend the summit. They are asked to participate in some, but not all, G8 summit activities. The leaders of four African nations were invited by the US president:

paragraphs: The G8 leaders talked about making progress towards food security in Africa.

paragraphs: The summit is intended as a venue for resolving differences among the G8 members.

paragraphs: Traditionally, the host country of the G8 summit sets the agenda.

paragraphs: Discussions at the 38th G8 summit included some issues from previous summits.

paragraphs: The G8 discussions included a range of topics, including

paragraphs: Planners anticipated protest groups and other activists.

paragraphs: When the venue for the summit was changed from Chicago, a White House spokesman said security and the possibility of protests were not factors in the decision. Some protest groups took credit for the change of venue.

paragraphs: For some, the G8 summit was a profit-generating event; as for example, the "G8 Summit" magazines which have been published since 1998.

paragraphs: Local businesses near Camp David are expecting more people in the area and profits because of the summit.