title: Citadel

paragraphs: A citadel is a large fortress or castle that is usually built to protect cities or towns from attacks or disaster, though citadels have been built for other reasons as well. Citadels are often built to be the final protection for a city or town, in case enemies break through other protections such as walls or soldiers.

paragraphs: The oldest known citadels were built in the Indus Valley Civilization, where the citadel may have been used as a symbol of authority (power), though no one is entirely sure why they were built.

paragraphs: In Ancient Greece, the Acropolis was important in the life of the people, serving as a place of safety in times of trouble. It contained military supplies, food, a shrine, and often a palace or citadel. The most well-known is the Acropolis of Athens, but nearly every Greek city-state had one.

paragraphs: Citadels were sometimes built so strongly that enemies could take over the rest of the city, but fail to take over the city's citadel. During the Maccabean Revolt, the Maccabean rebels managed to take over all of Jerusalem except its citadel. It wasn't until 20 years later that they finally managed to take over the citadel too.

paragraphs: Citadels were not always built to keep away a city's enemies. During the Anglo-Dutch Wars, King Charles II of England built a citadel at Plymouth that could not only keep out enemies, but also the city's people in case they tried to rebel against the King.

paragraphs: The "Citadelle" of Quebec still survives as the largest citadel still in official military operation in North America after more than 200 years of existence.

paragraphs: Since the middle of the 20th century, citadels usually protect military center, rather than cities or towns. These citadels are built to protect the center from heavy attacks, such as aerial or nuclear bombardment. The military citadels under London are an example of this.


title: Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau

paragraphs: Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau (born 28 May 1925 in Berlin, died 18 May 2012 in Berg, Upper Bavaria) was a German baritone singer. For more than 30 years he was thought of by many as the greatest male singer in classical music. He was particularly famous for his singing of Lieder (German art songs), but he was also a superbly great singer of opera as well as a concert singer with orchestras. Later in his career he also conducted.

paragraphs: Fischer-Dieskau had a lyrical baritone voice, not a powerful, heroic voice like a Heldentenor. In spite of that he recorded many operatic roles which are traditionally thought of as being for Heldentenor: Wotan in Richard Wagner's Ring Cycle, Hans Sachs in Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg, Amfortas in Parsifal, Macbeth in Verdi's opera etc.

paragraphs: He is the most recorded singer of all time. He sang in many languages as well as German: French, Russian, Hebrew and Hungarian.

paragraphs: Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau was born in Berlin. His parents were teachers. He started singing as a child and began voice lessons at the age of 16. He had to join the German army (the Wehrmacht) during World War II, in 1943. He had only just finished school. He was captured in Italy in 1945 and spent two years as an American prisoner of war. During that time, he sang Lieder in POW camps to homesick German soldiers.

paragraphs: In 1947 he returned to Germany where he started his professional career singing the baritone solo in Brahms' "Ein Deutsches Requiem" without any rehearsal. (He was a last-minute substitute for a singer who was ill.) He gave his first Lieder recital in Leipzig later that year.

paragraphs: From early in his career he worked with famous lyric sopranos Elisabeth Schwarzkopf and Irmgard Seefried, and the recording producer Walter Legge, producing very popular albums of lieder by Franz Schubert and Hugo Wolf.

paragraphs: In the autumn of 1948, Fischer-Dieskau became principal lyric baritone at the Städtische Oper Berlin (Municipal Opera, West Berlin), making his first opera performance in the role of Posa in Verdi's "Don Carlos" under the conductor Ferenc Fricsay. This company, known after 1961 as the Deutsche Oper, was to be his artistic home until his retirement from the operatic stage, in 1978.

paragraphs: Fischer-Dieskau made guest appearances at the opera houses in Vienna and Munich. After 1949 he made concert tours in the Netherlands, Switzerland, France and Italy. In 1951, he first appeared at a concert in the Salzburg Festival with Mahler's "Lieder eines fahrenden Gesellen (Songs of a Wayfarer)" under Wilhelm Furtwängler. He was starting to appear all over the world: in the Royal Albert Hall, London, Boston, Massachusetts and at the Bayreuth Festival.

paragraphs: As an opera singer, Fischer-Dieskau performed mainly in Berlin and at the Bavarian State Opera in Munich. He also made guest appearances at the Vienna State Opera, at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden in London, at the Hamburg State Opera, in Japan, and at the King's Theatre in Edinburgh, during the Edinburgh Festival. His first tour in the United States took place in 1955, when he was 29. For his recitals there he was accompanied by Gerald Moore. He recorded many Lieder with Gerald Moore, and gave many recitals with him until Moore retired in 1967. However, they continued to make recordings after that. Their recordings of the Schubert song cycles

paragraphs: "Die schöne Müllerin" and "Die Winterreise" were very highly thought of.

paragraphs: Fischer-Dieskau also performed many works by living composers including Benjamin Britten, Samuel Barber, Hans Werner Henze, Karl Amadeus Hartmann, Ernst Krenek and Witold Lutosławski.

paragraphs: Fischer-Dieskau also recorded many famous roles in Italian operas, e.g. Verdi's Rigoletto and Rodrigo in Verdi's "Don Carlos", Scarpia in Giacomo Puccini's "Tosca". He retired from opera in 1978.

paragraphs: Fischer-Dieskau's musicianship and technique were always perfect. He retired from the concert hall on New Year's Day, 1993, at 67, and spent his time conducting, teaching (especially the interpretation of Lieder), painting and writing books.

paragraphs: In 1949, Fischer-Dieskau married the cellist Irmgard Poppen. Together they had three sons: Mathias, who became a stage designer,Martin (a conductor), and Manuel (a cellist). Irmgard died in 1963 of complications following childbirth. Afterwards, Fischer-Dieskau was married to the actress Ruth Leuwerik, from 1965 to 1967, and Kristina Pugell, from 1968 to 1975. From 1977 until his death he was married to the soprano Julia Varady.


title: Covent Garden

paragraphs: Covent Garden is a huge piazza or open area in London, between the West End and the City of London. It is north of The Strand and east of Trafalgar Square. Once it was a huge fruit, vegetable and flower market with many taverns, theatres, coffee-houses, prostitutes and brothels.

paragraphs: Now it is a huge commercial area and "tourist trap". The former market has been redeveloped, keeping its glass roof and cast iron spans. The area is hugely popular with visitors to London, and has a number of remarkable buildings nearby.

paragraphs: The Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, is the main theatre for ballet and opera in London. It has several rehearsal rooms with full-size stages, a large costume department and restaurants.

paragraphs: The Theatre Royal, Drury Lane is nearby. It has been purchased and restored by Sir Andrew Lloyd Webber.

paragraphs: Bow Street is also nearby; it is a boundary road to Covent Garden. This was the road where the original police force of London, the Bow Sreet Runners, was formed in the 1740s. The Bow Street Magistrate's Court was one of the most famous criminal courts in London until it was closed in 2006. It is going to be a boutique hotel.


title: Salzburg Festival

paragraphs: The Salzburg Festival () is an internationally famous festival of music and drama. It is held each summer (for five weeks starting in late July) in the Austrian town of Salzburg. Salzburg is the birthplace of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.

paragraphs: In modern time there is also an annual "Salzburg Easter Festival" held by the same organization.


title: Essex County, New Jersey

paragraphs: Essex County is a county in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of 2009, 769,644 people lived there, making it the third most populous county in the state, behind Bergen County and Middlesex County, and the second most densely population county in the state after Hudson County. The seat of the county is Newark, the largest city in the state.


title: Bergen County, New Jersey

paragraphs: Bergen County is a county in the U.S. State of New Jersey. It is rich and has more people living in it than other counties in New Jersey. As of a 2009 United States Census, it had 895,250 people. It is part of the New York metropolitan area. The county is the one of the last remaining counties in the nation where shops are closed on Sundays because of "blue laws", which force nearly all retail stores to be closed on Sunday.


title: Ahmed Mohamed Silanyo

paragraphs: Ahmed Mohamed Mahamoud Silanyo ) (born 1936) is a Somaliland politician. He is the current Chairman of the Peace, Unity and Development Party (Kulmiye) and President of Somaliland. Standing as an opposition candidate, Silanyo was elected as President during the June 2010 presidential election.


title: Kakashi Hatake

paragraphs: Kakashi Hatake (はたけカカシ, "Hatake Kakashi") is a fictional character in the anime and manga series Naruto created by Masashi Kishimoto. He is the leader of Team 7, originally consisting of Naruto Uzumaki, Sasuke Uchiha, and Sakura Haruno. After Sasuke defects, Team 7 receives Sai as a replacement.


title: Zipeg

paragraphs: Zipeg is an open source free software. Zipeg unpacks files from ZIP, RAR and other archives. Zipeg works on Mac OS X and Windows. Zipeg can preview files and photographs. It is not capable of compressing files. Zipeg is able to extract compressed files. Zipeg supports RAR, ZIP and other formats. Zipeg is built on top of the 7-Zip backend. Zipeg user interface is implemented in Java and is open source.

paragraphs: Zipeg automatically detects filenames in national alphabets (code pages). Zipeg correctly translates filenames from national alphabet to Unicode. Zipeg reads EXIF thumbnails from JPEG digital photographs. Zipeg uses thumbnails for "tool tip" style preview and item icons.


title: Phil Kessel

paragraphs: Philip Joseph Kessel, Jr. (born October 2, 1987 in Madison, Wisconsin) is an American professional ice hockey right winger for the Pittsburgh Penguins of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also played for the Boston Bruins for 3 seasons and the Toronto Maple Leafs for 6 seasons. Kessel played hockey in college for the University of Minnesota's Golden Gophers.

paragraphs: On July 1, 2015, Kessel was traded along with Tyler Biggs, Tim Erixon, and a conditional second round draft pick to the Pittsburgh Penguins in exchange for Kasperi Kapanen, Scott Harrington, Nick Spaling, and conditional first- and third-round draft picks.


title: How the Grinch Stole Christmas (movie)

paragraphs: How the Grinch Stole Christmas is a 2000 comedy-drama Christmas movie that was produced by Ron Howard and Brian Grazer and was directed by Ron Howard. "How the Grinch Stole Christmas" is based on the 1957 Dr. Seuss book, "How the Grinch Stole Christmas!" and the 1966 TV Christmas special.

paragraphs: "How the Grinch Stole Christmas" gained average reviews:


title: Greg Giraldo

paragraphs: Greg Giraldo (December 10, 1965 – September 29, 2010) was an American comedian television personality, and retired lawyer. Giraldo is probably best known for his many appearances on Comedy Central's roast specials and is also known for being a regular on Lewis Black's Root of All Evil.

paragraphs: He was married twice, once when he was 24 and he said that last very long. At the time of his death he had 3 children and had been divorced.

paragraphs: He accidentally overdosed on prescription medication and he was scheduled to appear at a comedy performance at the Stress Factory in New Brunswick, New Jersey. When Giraldo failed to appear the police were called to his hotel room where they found him and they rushed him to Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital. It was reported that he had been in a coma for four days before his family had life support removed and he died on September 29, 2010.

paragraphs: On March 18, 2011, Comedy Central aired a special called "Give it up for Greg Giraldo", that featured celebrities Jon Stewart, Colin Quinn, Lewis Black, Daniel Tosh, Denis Leary, Sarah Silverman, Jeffrey Ross, Nick Swardson, Dave Attell, Jim Gaffigan and Conan O'Brien as well as others as they talked about his life and career.


title: Keith Ballard

paragraphs: Keith Ballard (born November 26, 1982 in Baudette, Minnesota) is a former American NHL ice hockey defenceman for the Minnesota Wild. He was picked by the Buffalo Sabres with the eleventh overall pick in the 2002 NHL Entry Draft. He played hockey in college for the University of Minnesota's Golden Gophers. Ballard has also played for the Phoenix Coyotes for 3 seasons and the Florida Panthers for 2 seasons before being traded to the Vancouver Canucks in 2010 during the 2010 NHL Entry draft for Michael Grabner, Steve Bernier, and Vancouver's first round pick and 25th overall selection in that draft. On July 3, 2013, he was placed on waivers and his contract was bought out by the Canucks. On July 4th, 2013, Ballard signed a two-year $3 million contract with the Minnesota Wild.

paragraphs: Ballard is married and had a daughter with his wife in May 2010.


title: Ford E-Series

paragraphs: The Ford E-Series-also known as the Ford Econoline-are a line of passenger or cargo vans which began in 1961. The E-Series vans can hold eight to 15 people per van as well as cargo versions. The vans have undergone many redesigns through the years, the first generation was made from 1961 to 1967. The second generation was made from 1968 to 1974. The third generation was made from 1975 to 1991. The fourth and longest-running generation was made from 1992 to 2014 in passenger and cargo versions and were replaced in 2015 by the Transit although cutaway versions are still being made.


title: Angela Lansbury

paragraphs: Dame Angela Brigid Lansbury (born October 16, 1925) is an English character actress of stage, film, and television. She is notable for her roles as "Jessica Fletcher" in the long-running TV series "Murder, She Wrote" (1984-96), and as the voice of "Mrs. Potts" in the Disney film "Beauty and the Beast" (1991).


title: Banyan

paragraphs: A banyan (or 'banian') is a kind of fig. It usually starts life by growing on another plant as an epiphyte. Its seeds germinate in the cracks and crevices on a host tree, or on other structures like buildings and bridges.

paragraphs: "Banyan" usually means the Indian banyan or "Ficus benghalensis". It is the National tree of the Republic of India. and of Bangladesh respectively. However, the term actually includes all figs which share their epiphytic life cycle. They are put in the subgenus Urostigma. The seeds of banyans are dispersed by fruit-eating birds. The seeds germinate and send down roots towards the ground. These roots may envelop (cover) part of the host tree or building structure, from which they get the casual name of strangler fig.

paragraphs: A number of tropical forest species grow by strangling. There are other examples in the genus "Ficus" that competes for light. Any "Ficus" species showing this habit may be termed a strangler fig.

paragraphs: The leaves of the banyan tree are large, leathery, glossy green and elliptical in shape. Like most of the fig-trees, the leaf bud is covered by two large scales. As the leaf develops the scales fall. Young leaves have an attractive reddish tinge.

paragraphs: Older banyan trees have aerial prop roots that grow into thick woody trunks which, with age, can become indistinguishable from the main trunk. Old trees can spread out laterally using these prop roots to cover a wide area.

paragraphs: Like other Fig species (including the common edible fig "Ficus carica"), banyans have unique fruit structures and are dependent on fig wasps for reproduction.

paragraphs: Once the roots get to the ground, they suck up nutrients and grow faster and thicker.

paragraphs: They cover the trunk of the host tree, and their leaves and branches in the canopy block the light from the host. Lacking enough nutrition and light, the host tree eventually dies. Its wood is destroyed by beetles, termites and fungi. Only the hollow space inside the banyan remains. The banyan roots make a huge cylinder, and it stands up perfectly well.

paragraphs: Often the banyan tree is formed from several different fruits which germinated on the same host tree. This has been proved by genome analysis.


title: Teena Marie

paragraphs: Mary Christine Brockert (5 March 1956 - 26 December 2010), known by her stage name Teena Marie, was an American singer, songwriter, and producer. She is famous for songs such as "Lovergirl" and "Square Biz". Teena died December 26, 2010 at age 54, from natural causes.


title: Hohenzollern

paragraphs: The Hohenzollern family were rulers of various territories in and near modern Germany, and later of all Germany. The Royal House of Hohenzollern began ruling the area around Berlin and Brandenburg in modern Germany in 1415.

paragraphs: They became one of the Electors of the Holy Roman Emperor, Kings of Prussia in 1702 and in 1871 German Emperors.

paragraphs: They stopped ruling after World War I, when Germany became a republic. Prussia was abolished by the 4 allied powers controlling Germany in 1947.

paragraphs: The Royal Family took their name from their ancestral home Hohenzollern Castle in what is now Baden-Württemberg. The area around the castle was once ruled as a separate principality.


title: Hohenzollern-Hechingen

paragraphs: Hohenzollern-Hechingen was a county and principality in southwestern Germany, part of what is now Baden-Württemberg. Its rulers were members of a branch of the senior Swabian branch of the Hohenzollern family.

paragraphs: The County of Hohenzollern-Hechingen was created in 1576, when the County of Hohenzollern was divided. The county was ruled as a part of the Holy Roman Empire. When the last count of Hohenzollern, Charles I of Hohenzollern (1512–1579) died, the territory was to be divided up between his three sons:

paragraphs: Unlike the Hohenzollerns of Brandenburg and Prussia, the Hohenzollerns of southwest Germany remained Roman Catholic. The County was raised to a principality in 1623.

paragraphs: The principality joined the Confederation of the Rhine in 1806 and was a member state of the German Confederation between 1815 and 1850. The democratic Revolution of 1848 was relatively successful in Hohenzollern, and on 16 May 1848, the Prince was forced to accept the constitution limiting his power. However, the conflict between monarch and democrats continued, and on 6 August, Hohenzollern was occupied by Prussian forces. On 7 December, 1849, Prince Friedrich Wilhelm Konstantin sold the country to his relative, King Frederick William IV of Prussia. On 12 March 1850, Hohenzollern-Hechingen officially became part of Prussia. Hohenzollern-Hechingen and Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, which also became part of Prussia in 1850, were called the Hohenzollernsche Lande .


title: Something About Airplanes

paragraphs: Something About Airplanes is the debut album by Death Cab for Cutie. It was released in 1998 on Barsuk Records, and it was re-released for its tenth anniversary in 2008. Its re-release features the band performing live at the Crocodile Cafe in Seattle, Washington.

paragraphs: All songs written by Ben Gibbard except where noted.


title: Christoph Ahlhaus

paragraphs: Ahlhaus was born on 28 August 1969. He is married and studied law at the universities of Heidelberg, Munich and Berlin.

paragraphs: From 7 May 2008 to 24 August 2010 Ahlhaus was state minister of the Interior in Hamburg.


title: Government of Hamburg

paragraphs: The government of Hamburg is divided into executive, legislative and judicial branches.

paragraphs: As a federal state the city wide administration has much more responsibility and scope than in ordinary cities.

paragraphs: The head of the city-wide and state administration is the First Mayor ("Erster Bürgermeister"). A ministry is called "Behörde" (office) and a state minister is a "Senator" in Hamburg.

paragraphs: The legislature is the state parliament, called "Hamburgische Bürgerschaft".

paragraphs: The judicial branch is composed of the state supreme court and other courts.

paragraphs: The seat of the government is Hamburg Rathaus.

paragraphs: The power to create, amend and ratify laws (legislature) is given to the parliament. A plebiscite and a referendum is possible due to the Constitution of Hamburg. In other German states the parliament is called "Landtag".

paragraphs: The parliament is among other things responsible for the law, the election of the "Erster Bürgermeister" (First Mayor) for the election period and the control of the Senate (cabinet). The parliament is a unicameral parliament (only has one chamber) and the 121 deputies are elected in universal, direct, free, equal and secret elections every four years.

paragraphs: The executive is the "Senat der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg" (Senate of Hamburg or cabinet). Its purpose is to enforce the laws. The senate is responsible for the day-to-day management and head of this branch is the First Mayor. The senate represents Hamburg to the federal government and other states or countries.

paragraphs: The "Senat der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg" is formed by the First Mayor of Hamburg, the Minister President and mayor of Hamburg. His deputy is the Second Mayor. The senate is permitted no more than 12 members by law. This law also regulates among other, pay, pensions, privilege to refuse to give evidence and the legal position of Hamburg judges. The senators get appointed by the First Mayor and thereafter they need to get confirmed by the Hamburg Parliament. The First Mayor forms the ministries, according to the coalition agreement of the ruling parties.

paragraphs: Until 1860 the government of Hamburg was called "Rath" or "Rat" (board/council), the members had been "Ratsherrn" (aldermen) and "Bürgermeister" (Burgomaster). After a change of the Constitution of Hamburg in 1861 the government was called "Hamburger Senat".

paragraphs: Prior to the first world war the two mayors were elected for one-year-terms. Until 1997 the First Mayor was Primus inter pares among his colleagues in the Senate, by whom he was elected. Since then, he has been elected by the parliament and been able appoint and to dismiss other Senators.

paragraphs: Interpreting the law (Judiciary) is task of the "Hamburgisches Verfassungsgericht" (Constitutional Court of Hamburg) and 17 more courts of Hamburg.

paragraphs: The supreme court has a president and 8 judges. The City Parliament elects the judges for 6 years and they only canget reelected once. The schedule of responsibilities is based on the constitution of Hamburg (Art. 65) and the "Gesetzes über das Hamburgische Verfassungsgericht" (Law of the Constitutional Court of Hamburg) (§ 14).

paragraphs: The professional judges of the other courts are appointed by the senate according to a nomination of a committee.

paragraphs: In 2011, there are nine senators holding ministerial positions and the head of state, the First mayor. A senator is the presiding minister for a "Behörde" (translated: 'government agency' meaning here is more ministry).

paragraphs: The State Chancellery () coordinates the senate and supports the mayor. The First Mayor is head in this agency. In 2011, the First Mayor of Hamburg is Olaf Scholz.

paragraphs: The ministry () is responsible for the school system in Hamburg.

paragraphs: Among others the is the oversight authority for the law enforcement agencies in Hamburg, the fire brigade, for disaster control and its units, the residents registration offices, the State Election Office and the Scientology Task Force (). In 2011, Michael Neumann (SDP) is the Minister of the Interior.

paragraphs: In 2011, head of the Ministry of Finance is Peter Tschenscher (CDU).

paragraphs: In 2011, Frank Horch (Independent) is head of the minitry.

paragraphs: The ministry () is in charge of the correctional facilities, the courts and the revision of the laws. In 2011, Jana Schiedek (SPD) is the Minister of Justice of Hamburg.

paragraphs: On May 7, 2008 the former Ministry of Culture was changed to the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Media (), now among other responsible for tourism, the public record office of Hamburg, the office of the protection of historical monuments and the memorial site for the Neuengamme concentration camp. In 2005 the annual budget was €212.7 million.

paragraphs: Since law enforcement and police duties are partly in the responsibility of the German states, Hamburg has its own police force. This forces consists of the state police " Polizei Hamburg", the State Criminal Police Office (German: "Landeskriminalamt"), the Criminal Investigation Services ("Kriminalpolizei"), the Water Police ("Wasserschutzpolizei") controlling traffic in the port of Hamburg, the Reserve Police ("Bereitschaftspolizei"), the Special Weapons and Tactics Unit ("Spezialeinsatzkommando") and Mobile Surveillance Units ("Mobiles Einsatzkommando").

paragraphs: The State Office for the Protection of the Constitution ("Landesamt für den Verfassungsschutz") is Hamburg's domestic intelligence agency.

paragraphs: The Ministry of the Interior has the legal and technical oversight for the law enforcement agencies.

paragraphs: Elections for the state parliament of Hamburg are held every four years, combined with the elections of the diet of the boroughs ("Bezirksversammlungen"). The elections are regulated by law.

paragraphs: Main political parties in Hamburg are the Christian Democratic Union, the Social Democratic Party, Alliance '90/The Greens, The Left and as of 2008 not in the state parliament the Free Democratic Party.

paragraphs: The STATT party is a minor political party, which was founded in 1993. The party was elected to the Hamburg Parliament in the Hamburg state election, 1993. The governing SPD and the new STATT party formed a coalition to rule until 1997, when the party lost all seats.

paragraphs: A defunct party is Law and Order Offensive Party (Partei Rechtsstaatlicher Offensive - Offensive D). The party was in the Hamburg Parliament from 2001 until 2004, receiving 19.4% of votes.

paragraphs: The highest honour given by the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg is the honorary citizenship ("Ehrenbürgerrecht"). It is given by the senate, if the parliament confirmed the motion of the senate. The honorary citizenship is comparable to the honour Freedom of the City.

paragraphs: The "Golden Book" consists of the signatures of especially honoured guests of Hamburg. The book itself is a box with not fixed sheets. It is folded in golden leather and a gift of the family of the First Mayor Carl Friedrich Petersen (1809 – 1892). In 1937 the German leader Adolf Hitler signed the book before giving a public speech in Hamburg. During the denazification Hitler's sheet, as these from other Nazis, was removed from the book. The only signature remained is from Joseph Goebbels, because he wrote on the same sheet as the former German President Paul von Hindenburg. The Dalai Lama signed the Golden Book during his 5th visit in Hamburg in February 2007.

paragraphs: Hamburg citizens were not allowed to receive decorations – only medals or medallions. This act was first enlawed for members of the senate and Hamburg's judges, later the act was false legally extended for all citizens by the Senate of Hamburg. The act originated from the Hamburg city law of the 13th century. One of the few "Hanseaten" – citizens of a Hanseatic city – who received decoration was Alwin Münchmeyer, an entrepreneur. Münchmeyer stated later, that this were his "falls of mankind". Even Helmut Schmidt – former Hamburg Senator of the Interior and German chancellor – declined several times to be awarded with the Federal Cross of Merit, stating he had been a Hamburg senator and according to the Hanseatic tradition not allowed to wear decorations.

paragraphs: In 1843 the Hamburg fire medal was awarded to the volunteers, who came to help during the great fire from 5 May until 8 May 1842. In total 4858 medals were awarded from the grateful Hamburg in distress to its friends, as the inscription states "Das Dankbare Hamburg Seinen Freunden In Der Noth".

paragraphs: During World War I (1914 – 1918) the Hanseatic Cross (German: "Hanseatenkreuz") was a decoration of the three Hanseatic Cities of Bremen, Hamburg and Lübeck, who were member states of the German Empire. Each city-state established its own version of the cross, but the design and award criteria were similar for each. There were approximately 50,000 awards of the Hanseatic Cross of Hamburg.

paragraphs: In 2007 the "Herbert Weichmann medallion" – named for the First Mayor Herbert Weichmann (in office 1965 – 1971) – was granted for the first time by the city of Hamburg, honoring "those - both Jewish and non-Jewish - who have contributed to Jewish life in Germany". First recipients were Paul Spiegel (posthumous), who was a member of the executive committee of the "Zentralrat der Juden", and Hinrich Reemtsma, whose foundation constributed €500,000 for the removal of the Jewish community centre in Hamburg.


paragraphs: Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport , also known as Atlanta Airport, Hartsfield Airport, and Hartsfield–Jackson, is a public airport in Atlanta, Georgia. It is the world's busiest airport by number of passengers and number of landings and take-offs since 2005. It serves 89 million passengers per year. The airport is the main hub of AirTran Airways, Delta Air Lines, and ExpressJet. The Delta hub is the world's largest airline hub. Delta Air Lines flew most (59%) of passengers from the airport in February 2011. The airport has 199 gates. It has both domestic and international gates.

paragraphs: Hartsfield–Jackson was still the world's busiest airport in 2010. It had an average of 243,000 passengers each day. It also had a total of 950,119 flights. Many of the flights are flights inside the United States. Atlanta is a major hub for travel throughout the Southeastern United States.

paragraphs: Hartsfield–Jackson International Airport has international service to North America, South America, Central America, Europe, Asia, and Africa. The airport is located mostly in unincorporated areas in Fulton and Clayton counties. The city limits of Atlanta, College Park, and Hapeville end at the airport grounds.

paragraphs: Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport hosts the following airlines:


title: Serum amyloid A

paragraphs: Serum amyloid A (SAA) is a group of proteins which flow in the blood. They are related to "good cholesterol". Almost all animals have SAA's. SAA's are made in and controlled by the liver. They move cholesterol to the liver. SAAs increase during inflammation. Doctors and scientists think that SAAs may be part of amyloidosis, heart disease, and rheumatoid arthritis.


title: Carlos Andrés Pérez

paragraphs: Carlos Andrés Pérez Rodríguez (October 27, 1922 – December 25, 2010) was a president of Venezuela. He was born in 1922, served twice as president in the early 1990s, and died in 2010.

paragraphs: Pérez was born on 27 October 1922 in Rubio, Venezuela. He went to school in Caracas, where he studied law. In 1948, he married Blanca Rodríguez, one of his cousins. During the same year, because he opposed a coup d'état, he was put in prison, but got out and left Venezuela. In 1958, Venezuala became a democracy, and Pérez became a part of the government led by Rómulo Betancourt.

paragraphs: In 1973, Pérez became president of Venezuala. He left office in 1979, and soon after, Venezuala's economy went through a low period. In 1989, Pérez became president again. Soon after, he made government spending much smaller and made prices of goods like gasoline higher. There were many riots because of this.

paragraphs: In 1992, there were two coups that tried but failed to remove Pérez from being president. In 1993, though, he was impeached because he was thought to have paid for bodyguards for Violeta Chamorro, who was a former president of Nicaragua. He went to prison after this for ten weeks. After prison he was put in house arrest for two years.

paragraphs: After Hugo Chávez became president of Venezuala in 1998, Pérez went to the Dominican Republic. In 2003, he moved again, this time to the United States. While he was in the US, people in Venezuala tried to force him to return because he was wanted in connection with the riots his laws caused in 1989. He also married Cecilia Matos during this time.

paragraphs: He died on 25 December 2010 in Miami at the age of 88. María Francia Pérez, his daughter, said that he had died of a heart attack.


title: Naruto Uzumaki

paragraphs: Naruto Uzumaki (うずまきナルト, "Uzumaki Naruto") is a fictional character in the anime and manga franchise Naruto made by Masashi Kishimoto. Naruto is the main protagonist of the series, and at the start, he is a ninja student who lives in the village of Konoha. The others in the town do not like him because he has the soul of the Fox Demon Kurama sealed inside him, but Naruto wants to become the town's leader. During his studies, Naruto learns many jutsu (techniques), including a Shadow Clone jutsu which he excels at also a jutsu taught by his sensei Master Jiraiya the Rasengan. His energetic personality lets him make friends with many people, including his best friend and rival Sasuke.

paragraphs: In every official "Weekly Shōnen Jump" popularity poll of the series, Naruto ranks in the top five characters. From the beginning of 2012, he has been in first place twice. Naruto was placed sixth in IGN's Top 25 Anime Characters of All Time. For the upcoming 2020 Summer Olympics, Naruto's image is being used as a character to represent the event.


title: Masashi Kishimoto

paragraphs: Masashi Kishimoto (, "Kishimoto Masashi") (born 8 November 1974) is a Japanese manga artist. He is best known for creating the manga series "Naruto". He has been drawing from a very early age. Osamu Kajisa ("Tattoo Hearts") and Yuuichi Itakura ("Hand's") served as his assistants. Kishimoto was born in Okayama_Prefecture, Japan. His brother is Seishi Kishimoto.


title: Light clock

paragraphs: The light clock is a simple way of showing a basic feature of Special relativity. A clock is designed to work by bouncing a flash of light off a distant mirror and using its return to trigger another flash of light, meanwhile counting how many flashes have occurred along the way. It is easy to show that people on Earth watching a spaceship fly overhead with such a clock would see it ticking relatively slowly. This effect is called time dilation.

paragraphs: Before we study the light clock, consider another kind of relativity. Imagine that someone is dribbling a basketball in the hold of a large cargo jet. The basketball player is moving in the same direction as the jet airplane. The other people in the plane see him moving a meter or two as he makes one dribble. Between the time the ball bounces the first time and the ball bounces the second time, about one second has passed. But when the first bounce occurred the basketball was over Gibraltar, and when the second bounce occurred the basketball was over the water nearer to Spain. So the basketball has moved 280 meters with respect to Earth.

paragraphs: Now consider a somewhat similar question of relative motion. This time we are going to consider what people looking at stars from the North Pole see when a very fast spaceship flies over them. We can use algebra and the Pythagorean theorem to calculate how much time slows on the spaceship. The only other thing we need is the equation that relates distance, d, rate or speed of travel, r, and time, t. The equation is:

paragraphs: The speed of light is constant, so we will apply this value to two problems. We will call the speed of light c, as this is the letter scientists usually use to name it.

paragraphs: A clock is made by putting a light output at the bottom of a long pole, a mirror on top of the pole, and an electronic light detector down at the bottom of the pole. The clock is started by briefly closing a switch that sends one blink of light from the bottom of the pole to the top of the pole where it is reflected back to the bottom of the pole. When the light detector at the bottom of the pole sees the blink of light it does two things. It adds one to the counter that is attached to it, and it fires another blink of light up to the mirror. When that blink of light gets back to the bottom, the count changes to two, and another blink of light is set off. Since light travels very rapidly (300,000 kilometers/second), for each second measured by an ordinary clock the light clock will "tick" a very large number of times.

paragraphs: To make the math easier, we will say that the pole is one half kilometer long. So if we are standing by the light clock that is built next to the big telescope at the North Pole, we will see that light travels one kilometer for each "tick" of the light clock. Since distance traveled, d, equals speed multiplied by time, and the speed involved is c, we have the equation:

paragraphs: and we can solve this equation for t to learn how long in seconds each "tick" is.

paragraphs: In other words, each "tick" of the light clock will take 0.00000333…3 seconds.

paragraphs: If a spaceship were flying on a straight line passing over the North Pole at a large fraction of the speed of light, and it had a similar clock, people watching its passage would see that the mirror on top of the pole had moved from directly over the emitting light, so the light would travel along the line marked h in the diagram, and then it would follow the other hypotenuse back down to the base of the pole -- which would by now have moved some distance since the spaceship is moving so fast. We can figure out how much time one tick would take according to the people on Earth. We know that the spaceship's pole has a length of a since it is the same kind of clock as people are using at the North Pole. We want to figure out t' , the time it takes to make one tick of the clock on the spaceship.

paragraphs: We know that the spaceship will travel 1/2 r t' while the blink of light is heading up toward the mirror, and another 1/2 r t' while the blink of light is heading down toward the base of the pole. So that calculation gives us the length of line b in the chart. We know a, so we can figure out h by the Pythagorean theorem:

paragraphs: So the total distance the light travels is 2 h or d = 2 √(a + (rt' /2))

paragraphs: We also know that the speed of light, c, is constant. No matter who measures it, it turns out to be the same speed. So we can use that fact to get another way of calculating how long it takes for the flash of light to go from the base to the top of the pole and back again:

paragraphs: To solve the above equation, we will need to:

paragraphs: Solving the above equation we find that:

paragraphs: The time between ticks on the clock at the North Pole is 2a/c, so we can then write:

paragraphs: If t = 1 second, then if the spaceship is traveling at one half the speed of light, t' = 1.1547 sec.

paragraphs: Experiment with various speeds of travel at: http://www.1728.org/reltivty.htm

paragraphs: "Space and Time in Special Relativity," N. David Mermin, pp. 33-41.McGraw-Hill, 1968.


title: Scottie Upshall

paragraphs: Scott "Scottie" Upshall (born October 7, 1983 in Fort McMurray, Alberta) is a former Canadian professional ice hockey right winger for the Arizona Coyotes. He also played for the St. Louis Blues, FLorida Panthers, Columbus Blue Jackets, and Nashville PredatorsHe was picked by the Nashville Predators with the sixth overall pick in the 2002 NHL Entry Draft. He played in the WHL with the Kamloops Blazers. Upshall has also played with the Nashville Predators for 4 seasons and the Philadelphia Flyers for 3 seasons before being traded to the Phoenix Coyotes on March 4, 2009 for Daniel Carcillo.


title: RC Cola

paragraphs: RC Cola or (Royal Crown Cola) is a soft drink (soda) similar to Coca Cola in its color. Each can of RC Cola contains 160 calories. RC Cola is manufactured by Cott Beverages and the Dr Pepper Snapple Group.

paragraphs: RC Cola was invented by a Claude A. Hatcher, a pharmacist of the state of Georgia, in 1905. RC Cola was the first soda to be sold in a aluminum can. The first diet soda ever sold was introduced by the company in 1958 and was called Diet Rite.

paragraphs: The company sells all sorts of flavors of RC Cola such as:


title: Tara Reid

paragraphs: Tara Donna Reid (born November 8, 1975 in Wyckoff, New Jersey) is an American actress. She made her movie debut in the 1987 horror movie "A Return to Salem's Lot". She had a recurring role on the television show, "Scrubs" as Danni Sullivan. She is best known for her role as Victoria 'Vicky' Lathum in the American Pie movie series.

paragraphs: From August 18 - September 2, 2011, she was a housemate in Celebrity Big Brother UK.


title: Exit (command)

paragraphs: codice_1 is a command on the terminal in many operating systems and scripting languages. It is used to stop all processes that are running in the terminal and close the terminal window. This is also the command to use to safely end all processes in the terminal.

paragraphs: Using this command will log the user out of his/her session in the terminal. Many scripting languages, like Perl and PHP uses this command.


title: Dave Freudenthal

paragraphs: David Duane "Dave" Freudenthal (born October 12, 1950 in Thermopolis, Wyoming) is an American politician. He was the 31st Governor of Wyoming. Freudenthal was re-elected to his second term on November 7, 2006, and announced on March 4, 2010, that he would not attempt to seek a third term as Governor of Wyoming.

paragraphs: Freudenthal is married to Nancy D. Freudenthal who currently serves as a judge on the United States District Court for the District of Wyoming and they have four children: Donald, Hillary, Bret and Katie.


title: Knothead and Splinter

paragraphs: Knothead and Splinter are the nephew and niece of Woody Woodpecker. They first appeared in the cartoon "Get Lost!." Originally Knothead and Splinter were Woody's nephews in the New Funnies comic books. Knothead was Nuthead and Splinter was a boy. But in 1949, Nuthead was turned into Knothead and Splinter was a girl. In the late 1950's Knothead and Splinter appeared in both animated cartoons and comic books. They were both voiced by June Foray. Woody was voiced by Grace Stafford/Lantz/Lanza. Knothead and Splinter had rivals such as Heckle and Jeckle, Chip N' Dale and the Goofy Gophers during their time. They also appeared in The New Woody Woodpecker Show.

paragraphs: In Get Lost!, Knothead and Splinter outwit a dimwitted cat voiced by Don Messick.


title: Sun Records

paragraphs: Sun Records is a record label started on March 27, 1952 by Sam Phillips. It is in Memphis, Tennessee. It is where singers like Elvis Presley and Johnny Cash started singing careers, or jobs. It is a rhythm and blues label. Today, it is a historical museum.


title: Lenape

paragraphs: The Lenape, Lenappe, Lenapi or Lenni Lenape (meaning ""the people"" or ""true people"") are a group of several bands of Native American people who share cultural and linguistic traits. They are also known as the Delaware Indians. They spoke two similar languages known as the Delaware languages: "Unami" and "Munsee".

paragraphs: The Lenape lived in the area called Lenapehoking, roughly the area around and between the Delaware and lower Hudson Rivers. These areas are known today as the U.S. states of New Jersey, eastern Pennsylvania around the Delaware and Lehigh valleys. They also lived on the north shore of Delaware and much of southeastern New York, mostly the lower Hudson Valley and Upper New York Bay. Nowadays most live in Oklahoma, Wisconsin and Ontario.


title: Guilder

paragraphs: Guilder is the English translation of the Dutch gulden, meaning "golden". The guilder used to be a gold coin, but has been a used for silver or metal coins for some centuries. The name is also called florin. The guilder was used most in the Netherlands (as the Dutch guilder), until it was replaced by the euro on 1 January 2002. The Netherlands Antillean guilder is currently the only guilder officially in use, though the Netherlands no longer accepts the currency in their banks.


paragraphs: The International Institute of Social History (Dutch: "Internationaal Instituut voor Sociale Geschiedenis"; abbreviation: "IISG") is a historical research institute in Amsterdam. It was founded in 1935 by Nicolaas Posthumus. It has collections of the most works and manuscripts by socialist including Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels and Rosa Luxemburg. It is now part of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.


title: Fenghuang

paragraphs: Fenghuang (Chinese: 鳳凰; Pinyin: Fènghuáng; Japanese: 鳳凰 hō-ō; Korean: 봉황 bonghwang; Vietnamese: Phượng Hoàng) is the name of two Chinese mythological birds, that were central figures in ancient Chinese cosmology. Sometimes called the Chinese Phoenix, the Fenghuang is a symbol of summer and spiritual balance, and along with the dragon, qilin and tortoise, is one of the most highly revered creatures in Chinese tradition. Its appearance is said to indicate some great event, or to bear testimony to the greatness of a ruler.


title: Chinese mythology

paragraphs: Chinese mythology is a set of stories, beliefs, and gods originating from Ancient China.

paragraphs: Myths in China vary from culture to culture, the most common myths come from the Han culture. The current Chinese government recognizes fifty-six ethnic groups. Each group has their own language and mythology.

paragraphs: Chaos is a term used in several Chinese creation myths. This term is used to describe what existed before the earth and heavens. Every myth has a different description of Chaos and what came after.

paragraphs: One creation myth places the universe beginning as an egg. Pangu was born in the middle of this egg, known as the Cosmic Egg. Within the egg, Pangu grew 10 feet everyday for 18,000 years. His body began to turn into different parts of the visible universe. His right eye becoming the moon, and his left the sun. People were finally created when the wind touched the bugs on his skin. This myth is the last and largest account of the creation from a lost text titled "Historical Records

paragraphs: of the Three Sovereign Divinities and the Five Gods".

paragraphs: Nü Gua is a goddess in another creation myth where the commoners, or peasants, were created by her dragging a cord through the mud. The rich and powerful people were created from yellow clay molded like an artist with statues.

paragraphs: Another creation myth takes place in the land of Hun-Tun, Chinese for "Center" or "Chaos"; the meeting place of Hu, the emperor of the Northern Sea, and Shu, the emperor of the Southern Sea. Hun-Tun lacked the ability to eat, see, hear, or breathe. To repay the kindness of Hun-Tun, Hu and Shu gave him the necessary bodily holes for eating, seeing, hearing, and breathing. The world began after seven days, one for each hole, following the death of Hun-Tun.

paragraphs: The three religions of China had great influence over the government and people of Ancient China.

paragraphs: Buddhism originated in India as a belief of rebirth or reincarnation. Being would be reborn in different forms based on the lessons they learned while alive. In order to escape the endless cycle, one must reach Nirvana or enlightenment. Reaching Nirvana is the ultimate goal of a Buddhist.

paragraphs: Buddhism is believed to be responsible for bringing the concept of hell to Taoism. Hell is a place where individuals must complete tasks to repay for the sins committed during their lifetime.

paragraphs: In the philosophy or religion of Confucianism, everyone must live a moral and humane life. It is essential for every person in a society to know their place in the world; be it Father, Ruler, Wife, etc.

paragraphs: The way of life differs almost completely from Taoism. In Confucianism, the way of life can be known and should be done scientifically. Where as Taoism's way of life can never be known in its entirety. However, ideas of tradition and the honoring of tradition did not differ completely, therefore both religions easily coexisted.

paragraphs: Also known as Daoism, Taoism is a school of thought or religion. Taoism is credited with advancements in medicine and alchemy as the Taoist priests were responsible for healing people.

paragraphs: The Dao, or the "way", is an idea which existed before and after creation. The Dao cannot be seen or heard. A persons ultimate goal is to return to the Dao. It is known as the beginning and the end to Taoists.

paragraphs: Animism is the personification of natural forces as gods.

paragraphs: In Taoist stories, there are said to be hundreds of people who came to live forever because they knew Taoism. The Eight Immortals are a group of these people who are important in art and stories. Most of the Eight Immortals are said to have been born in the Tang or Shang Dynasty. The Eight Immortals are:

paragraphs: The dragon is included in most Chinese myths as a symbol of strength, goodness, and the spirit of change. In ancient China, the original Dragon flew by magic instead of wings and had the body of a snake with the head of a horse. In the center of its forehead was a pearl.

paragraphs: The Buddhists are credited with making the dragon an evil creature. They were said to be filled with evil spirits.

paragraphs: The original story of the Chinese dragon has changed over time. The original dragon was a water god. The later myths told, had two types of dragons. The first were the old, friendly dragons. The second type were the evil winged dragons as originally told by the Buddhists.


title: Special Cases

paragraphs: "Special Cases" is a song on English trip-hop band Massive Attack's fourth full-length album, "100th Window". It was released as the first single from this album on 24 February 2003, reaching #15 in the UK Singles Chart. Having Sinéad O'Connor on vocals, it was for many fans of the band their first exposure to the new album.

paragraphs: In addition to a radio edit of the original song, the single release contains a remix by Canadian electronica artist Akufen, as well as "I Against I", a song performed with Mos Def that appeared on the soundtrack of the 2002 film "Blade II". 12" vinyl releases contained more remixes of "Special Cases" by Vladislav Delay, who is credited as "Luomo" for this release.

paragraphs: The song was also made into two separate videos. The Enhanced CD contains one of these, and the other video is on a rare DVD release of the single.


title: Ice lolly

paragraphs: An ice lolly, ice lollipop, or ice pop, is a frozen snack of flavoured ice. It is made by freezing flavoured liquid (such as fruit juice) around a wooden stick. Once the liquid freezes solid, the stick can be used as a handle to hold the ice pop. In the United States, the snack is also referred to as a popsicle after the brand.

paragraphs: The term ice lolly is used primarily in the United Kingdom, with variations used in other English speaking countries. In the United States and Canada the same frozen snack is often termed a 'popcicle' or 'ice pop'. The term has also been used as branding for the tourism website Ice Lolly.


title: Nissan Micra

paragraphs: The Nissan Micra is a subcompact car produced by Nissan Motor Company since 1982. It entered its second generation in 1992 and its third generation in 2002. It entered its fourth generation in 2010. It can have three or five doors and three or four cylinder engines. The Micra is called the March in some countries including Japan.


title: Newt Gingrich

paragraphs: Newton Leroy "Newt" Gingrich (born June 17, 1943 as Newton Leroy McPherson) is an American politician.

paragraphs: He was born Newton Leroy McPherson in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. He was adopted by his stepfather.

paragraphs: Gingrich was a Congressman from Georgia from 1978 to 1999. He was speaker of the House of Representatives from 1995 to 1999. He is known for bringing in the "Republican Revolution" in the House because his political party, the Republican Party, or GOP, after 40 years of the Democratic Party dominating Congress.

paragraphs: He is also an author, professor, and a historian. Since quitting the House, Gingrich has become a political analyst, or someone who talks about current issues on television, radio, or in a newspaper. Gingrich has been a Fox News Network political analyst until his presidential campaign in 1988. He then joined the Cable News Network(CNN) as a political analyst after the campaign ended. He also cohosted Crossfire on CNN.

paragraphs: On 2 May 2012, Gingrich ended his presidential campaign.


title: Woody Woodpecker

paragraphs: Wooddrow "Woody "Woodpecker is an animated cartoon character, an anthropomorphic woodpecker who appeared in theatrical short movies produced by Walter Lantz, and distributed by Universal Pictures.

paragraphs: Woody Woodpecker cartoon was created in 1940 by Ben "Bugs" Hardaway. He also created the cartoon characters of Bugs Bunny and Daffy Duck when he worked at the Schlesinger/Warner Bros. studio in the late 1930s.

paragraphs: His niece and nephew are Knothead and Splinter. His girlfriend is Winnie Woodpecker. In "The New Woody Woodpecker Show", Winnie is voiced by B. J. Ward.


title: Little Nicky

paragraphs: Little Nicky is a 2000 American fantasy comedy movie that was produced by Jack Giarraputo and Robert Simonds and was directed by Steven Brill. It stars Adam Sandler and is set in New York City.

paragraphs: Other than the cast there was also a lot of cameos in the movie:

paragraphs: "Little Nicky" gained mainly negative reviews:


title: Declaration of Rights and Grievances

paragraphs: The Declaration of Rights and Grievances was a document that made it official that taxes forced on British colonists without their formal consent were not lawful. This was especially for the Stamp Act, which required that documents, newspapers, and playing cards were to be printed on special stamped and taxed paper.


title: Peter Stuyvesant

paragraphs: Peter Stuyvesant (c. 1612 – August 1672), served as the last Dutch Director-General of the colony New Netherland (known today as New York City) from 1647 to 1664, when the English took control of the island. He was born in Peperga. He is a major figure in the early history of New York City. In Brooklyn, there are neighborhoods and streets named after him, such as named after him called Stuyvesant Heights and Bedford-Stuyvesant (often shortened to Bedstuy).


title: Daydreaming (song)

paragraphs: Daydreaming is a song by trip-hop band Massive Attack with Shara Nelson. It was released in 1990. It was released as a single in October 1990, six months before before it was released in the album "Blue Lines".


title: New York Harbor

paragraphs: The New York Harbor refers to waterways of the estuary near the mouth of the Hudson River that empty into New York Bay and port in New York City and New Jersey. The term is used to refer to the Upper New York Bay. The main port facilities are in Elizabeth, New Jersey and Newark, New Jersey. "New York harbor" sometimes refers to the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, the port district for New York metropolitan area, under the jurisdiction of the Port Authority.


title: Fort Amsterdam

paragraphs: Fort Amsterdam (later called Fort James, Fort Willem Hendrick, Fort James (again), Fort William, Fort Anne and Fort George between British and Dutch rule) was a fort on the southern tip of modern-day Manhattan that was the administrative headquarters for the Dutch and then British rule of New York from 1625 to 1790, when it was torn down after the American Revolution.


title: The Narrows

paragraphs: The Narrows is the tidal strait splitting up the New York City boroughs of Staten Island and Brooklyn. It connects the Upper and Lower New York Bay and makes the channel where the Hudson River can empty into the Atlantic Ocean. It is believed that the Narrows were most likely formed after deposition of the Harbor Hill Moraine about 18,000 years ago just before to the end of the last ice age. Staten Island and Brooklyn used to be connected and the Hudson River emptied into the ocean through the Raritan River and taking course through present day northern New Jersey. A build up of water in the Upper Bay allowed the river to break through to form the Narrows less than 12,000 to 13,000 years ago as it exists today.

paragraphs: The first recorded European entrance into the Narrows was in 1524 by Florentine explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano, who set anchor in the strait and was greeted by a group of Lenape in canoes. A 1964 bridge across the Narrows was named for him.


title: Splitting the Atom

paragraphs: Splitting the Atom is an EP by Massive Attack. It was released in October 2009 to download. Only 1,000 copies were released on vinyl.


title: Butterfly Caught

paragraphs: "Butterfly Caught" is a song by trip-hop band Massive Attack. It was released in June 2003. The song was written by Neil Davidge and Robert Del Naja.


title: Unfinished Sympathy

paragraphs: Unfinished Sympathy is a song by trip-hop band Massive Attack. It was released in 1991.


title: Governors Island

paragraphs: Governors Island is a 172-acre (70 ha) island that lies on the Upper New York Bay, about one-half mile (1 km) from the southern tip of Manhattan Island and away from Brooklyn by Buttermilk Channel. It is legally part of the borough of Manhattan in New York City.

paragraphs: Governors Island was a military base for over three hundred years. Fort Jay is the largest fort there. The island was made bigger by about 82 acres (33 ha) of landfill on its southern side when the first New York City Subway was excavated in the early 20th century.


title: Yamanashi Prefecture

paragraphs: During the Heian period, Kai Province was created in this area and it was re-named Yamanashi in the Meiji period.

paragraphs: The borders of Yamanashi Prefecture are formed by Tokyo Prefecture, Kanagawa Prefecture, Saitama Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, and Nagano Prefecture.

paragraphs: The prefecture is landlocked with mountains surrounding the central Kōfu Basin.

paragraphs: Mount Fuji is on the southern border with Shizuoka.

paragraphs: National Parks are established in about 27% of the total land area of the prefecture.

paragraphs: "Asama jinja" is the chief Shinto shrine ("ichinomiya") in the prefecture.

paragraphs: Takeda jinja is related to "Takeda Shingen".


title: Remagen

paragraphs: Remagen is a town in Germany in Rhineland-Palatinate, in the district of Ahrweiler. It is about a one hour drive from Cologne , just south of Bonn, the former capital of West Germany. It is on the River Rhine. There is a ferry across the Rhine from Remagen every 10–15 minutes in the summer. Remagen has many historic buildings, churches, castles and monuments. Cars are banned from the big pedestrian zone which has plenty of shops.

paragraphs: Overlooking the west bank of the Rhine just north of the city centre is a church called the "Apollinariskirche". It has an observation deck that is only open to parishioners on Sundays. Walkers reach the church via a dirt track that passes a series of roadside monuments. One for each of the fourteen Stations of the Cross. The church grounds contain an outdoor crypt and an abbey. Further down the river is one of the many castles along the River Rhine, perched even higher than the Apollinariskirche.

paragraphs: The Roman Empire built a border fort at Rigomagus (or Ricomagus), west of the Rhine. This was about 12 miles north of the site of the first bridge ever built across the Rhine (at Neuwied).

paragraphs: The fort was one of several built by Drusus, commander of the Roman army along the Rhine. The gateway still survives and is a popular tourist attraction.

paragraphs: Local legend says that a ship carrying various relics from Milan to Cologne was stopped in the river in 1164, unable to move despite the strong current, until it mysteriously edged in toward the shore. The remains of St Apollinaris were put ashore, and the ship was then able to sail onward. These remains were buried in a chapel which had been part of the Roman fort, which became the basis for a church which bore his name, and was rebuilt several times over the years.

paragraphs: In 1945 the U.S. built one of the many enclosures on the west bank of the Rhine–the so called Rheinwiesenlager– close to Remagen. The camps were used by the Allies to house captured Germans, often under very poor conditions. Several thousand prisoners are estimated to have died in the various camps, including 1,212 who are now buried in the Bad Bodendorf Cemetery. They were deprived of the legal protection that the Geneva Convention provides prisoners of war by being called Disarmed Enemy Forces. The International Red Cross was not permitted to investigate conditions in the camps.

paragraphs: The Apollinariskirche was built 1839-1842 on the site of the medieval Martinskirche. The frescos on the inside of the neo-Gothic church were painted by members of the artists group called the "Nazarenes". Three cycles show the life of Jesus, the life of Mary, and the history of Saint Apollinaris, legendary Bishop of Ravenna. In the crypt is a silver bust of the saint, which is raised from the sarcophagus every year at the pilgrimage time at the end of July. From the statue of Saint Francis of Assisi on top of the church, there is a lovely view of Remagen and the romantic Rhine Valley.

paragraphs: Remagen Railway Bridge was the first bridge across the Rhine captured in World War II

paragraphs: The museum is housed in the towers of the famous bridge built between 1916 and 1918. It opened in 1980 and tells the story of the bridge and the prison camp, "Golden Mile."

paragraphs: The historic railway station at Rolandseck now houses a museum devoted to the work of Hans Arp. The 19th century railway station was transformed into a cultural venue for all the arts. Johannes Brahms, Clara Schumann and Franz Liszt gave concerts there. The young poet Guillaume Apollinaire even fell in love there. The building was almost destroyed after World War II, but in 1964 the Bonn art dealer Johannes Wasmuth brought it back to life. Musicians such as Martha Argerich, Stefan Askenase, and Yehudi Menuhin, artists such as Hans Arp, Oskar Kokoschka and Günther Uecker, and performers such as Marcel Marceau have all appeared there.


title: Françoise Madeleine d'Orléans

paragraphs: Françoise Madeleine d'Orléans (13 October 1648 – 14 January 1664) was born at the Château de Saint Germain en Laye and was the youngest surviving daughter of Gaston of Orléans and his second wife Marguerite of Lorraine. From birth, she was styled "Mademoiselle de Valois". She was the favourite sister of "La Grande Mademoiselle". She grew up in the company of her sisters at the Château de Blois. Under the influence of her paternal aunt Christine, Dowager Duchess of Savoy, she was engaged to her first cousin Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy.

paragraphs: Orléans married the Duke of Savoy by proxy at the Palais du Louvre on 4 March 1663. The couple met for the first time at Annecy on 3 April 1663 where they were married officially. The homesick princess soon died at the Royal Palace of Turin childless at the age of 15. She was buried at Turin Cathedral where she rests today. Her husband married again to Marie Jeanne of Savoy by whom he had a son.


title: Avi Cohen

paragraphs: Avaraham "Avi" Cohen (; November 14, 1956 - December 29, 2010) was the first international football star to come from Israel. Born in Cairo, he joined the Maccabi Tel Aviv football club in 1975 and within a year was playing for the Israel national football team. He joined the Liverpool F.C. in 1979 and played with 24 games for them. He went back to Israel but did return to Britain to play 15 games with the Glasgow Rangers. He retired from playing in 1990 and became the chairman of the Israel Professional Footballers Association. He was also football manager.

paragraphs: Cohen died from head injuries in 2010 after his motorbike was hit by a car in Tel Aviv. He was not wearing a proper helmet, which also was not buckled up, when he was hit.

paragraphs: His son, Tamir, plays football in England for the Bolton Wanderers F.C.


title: Park County, Wyoming

paragraphs: Park County is a county in the U.S. state of Wyoming. It was created on February 15, 1909. As of 2000, 25,786 people lived there. Park County's seat is Cody.


title: Elisabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate

paragraphs: Elisabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate, Daughter of France by marriage (27 May 1652 - 8 December 1722) was a German princess and the wife of Philippe of France, Duke of Orléans, younger brother of Louis XIV. She is best known for her vast correspondence detailing the court of her brother in law. She was referred to at court as simply Madame, as well as La Palatine and the Princess Palatine ("Princesse Palatine")

paragraphs: Elisabeth Charlotte was born at the Heidelberg Castle as the only daughter of Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine and Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel. In childhood she was known as "Liselotte". She grew up at the court of her aunt and would remain in contact with her aunt all her life.

paragraphs: On 16 November 1671, she was married by proxy at Metz. In order to marry she had to convert to Roman Catholicism. Elisabeth Charlotte would be very close to her two stepdaughters Marie Louise and Anne Marie. Her husband was gay but the couple still had three children but one died in infancy. After the birth of their daughter Élisabeth Charlotte, the couple mutually agreed to cease conjugal relations. Philippe turned to his lovers, and Elisabeth Charlotte to her writing.

paragraphs: After her husband's death, Elisabeth Charlotte feared that the king would send her to a convent but he insisted she stay at Versailles. Elisabeth Charlotte died at the age of seventy on 8 December 1722 at Saint-Cloud. She was buried at the Royal Basilica of Saint Denis.


title: Bunyaviridae

paragraphs: Bunyaviridae is a family of negative-stranded RNA viruses. Though generally found in arthropods or rodents, certain viruses in this family occasionally infect humans. Some of them also infect plants.


title: Takahē

paragraphs: The Takahē ("Porphyrio hochstetteri") is a flightless bird indigenous to New Zealand and belonging to the rail family. It was thought to be extinct after the last four known specimens were taken in 1898. However, after a carefully planned search effort the bird was rediscovered by Geoffrey Orbell near Lake Te Anau in the Murchison Mountains, South Island, on November 20, 1948. The specific scientific name commemorates the Austrian geologist Ferdinand von Hochstetter.


title: Salvador Jorge Blanco

paragraphs: José Salvador Omar Jorge Blanco, (5 July 1926 - 26 December 2010) was the 41st President of the Dominican Republic. He was the first Dominican president to be charged with corruption.

paragraphs: Blanco was born in Santiago de los Caballeros and studied law at the University of Santa Dominigo. He went into politics in the 1960's after the dictator Rafael Leónidas Trujillo was murdered. He joined a social democratic party, the Partido Revolucionario Dominicano (PRD). Blanco became leader of the party and won the 1982 presidential election.

paragraphs: At the same time Blanco became president, the world price on sugar dropped. The economy of the Dominican Republic was in a financial crisis as the government was spending far more than the country could afford and was three billion dollars in debt. The International Money Fund demanded cuts to spending. There were protests and riots. Blanco sent in the army to crush the protests: more than 100 people were killed, 500 wounded and thousands were put in prison. It was claimed that Blanco and other members of the government were making a lot of money through corrupt dealings with the army and military contracts.

paragraphs: Blanco did not stand in the 1986 election, and the new government put him on trial for corruption. He tried to gain asylum from Venezuela, but they said no. He was permitted to go the United States for medical treatment for a heart condition. While he was in the US he was found guilty of corruption and sentenced to prison for 23 years. There were many legal challenges, and he finally only spent two months in prison. In 2001 the Supreme Court ruled that the corruption charges were not true.

paragraphs: He died in 2010 from a heart attack after falling out of bed and hitting his head.


Investigator


title: Atticus Finch

paragraphs: Atticus Finch is a fictional (not real) character in Harper Lee's book "To Kill a Mockingbird". Atticus is an American lawyer who lives in Alabama. He is the father of Jeremy Atticus "Jem" Finch and Jean Louise "Scout" Finch. Atticus is an important character in the book.

paragraphs: In "To Kill a Mockingbird", Atticus is shown as a good character, trying to live in the way he thinks a lawyer and human being should. He is very honest, thoughtful, and helps good causes (even when he knows that they will fail). He tries hard to teach his children to be kind, fair, and giving. His children later find out that he was an expert at shooting, but had not told them because he did not want them to think he was violent. He is described in the book as a tall, middle-aged man with glasses and hair that is going a little gray.

paragraphs: Alice Petry said that Atticus has "become something of a folk hero in legal circles and is treated almost as if he were an actual person." Examples of Atticus Finch's impact on the legal profession are plentiful. Morris Dees says that Atticus Finch was the reason he became a lawyer, and Richard Matsch said that Atticus influenced him greatly. Some people, however, criticize Atticus, saying that does not use his legal skills to change the racism in his town.


title: Ronald and Richard Herrick

paragraphs: Ronald Lee Herrick (15 June 1931 - 29 December 2010) was the world's first organ donor. On December 23, 1954, Herrick had one of his kidneys removed and transplanted into his identical twin brother, Richard J. Herrick (15 June 1931 - 14 March 1963). Richard was dying from chronic nephritis, a kidney disease. This made Richard the first successful recipient of a human organ transplant. The operation was performed by Dr. Joseph Murray at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in Boston. Murray later won the 1990 Nobel Prize in Medicine for his transplant work.

paragraphs: Richard lived for a further eight years, while Ronald worked as a teacher and farmer. Ronald died in 2010 after complications from heart surgery. Since the 1954 operation more than 450,000 kidney transplants have been done in the US.


title: IU (singer)

paragraphs: Lee Ji-eun (born on May 16, 1993), is South Korean singer. She goes by the stage name IU. She is working in Loen Entertainment, a record label in Korea and she has won the Best New Artist Award in 2010. She is known for becoming a singer at a young age, with her first album when she was 15.


title: Charles, Duke of Berry

paragraphs: Charles of France, Duke of Berry, (31 July 1686 – 5 May 1714) was a grandson of Louis XIV of France. The Duke of Berry was for seven years heir presumptive to the throne of Spain (1700–1707) when his brother Philip V of Spain was childless.

paragraphs: Born at the Palace of Versailles, Charles was the youngest son of Louis, Dauphin of France, ""le Grand Dauphin"", and of Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria.

paragraphs: The Duchess of Orléans proposed he marry her daughter Marie Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans. All agreed, the marriage with Marie Louise Élisabeth took place on 6 July 1710. It was an unhappy marriage, and after a miscarriage which ended her first pregnancy, Marie Louise Élisabeth never gave birth to a child that lived for more than a few days. Once a widow, Madame de Berry became ill-famous for her debauched lifeways. She hid several pregnancies and died at 23 a few weeks after suffering a harrowing clandestine childbirth. Elisabeth Charlotte, Duchess Dowager of Orléans and the grandmother of Berry's wife, nicknamed him ""Berry-Bon Cœur"" ("Berry Good Heart").


title: Nintendo DSi XL

paragraphs: The Nintendo DSi XL (called Nintendo DSi LL in Japan) is a game console made and manufactured by Nintendo. It is the fourth and final model in the Nintendo DS family. It is a bigger version of the Nintendo DSi and the biggest, heaviest, and brightest of the four models. It has bigger screens than the original DS, DS Lite, or regular DSi. It was first sold in Japan on 21 November 2009, in Europe on 5 March 2010, in North America on 28 March 2010, and in Australia on 15 April 2010. The DSi XL comes with several titles with the console including "Flipnote Studio", "Brain Age: Math", "Brain Age: Spelling and Arts", and "Photo Clock". Like the DSi, the Game Boy Advance slot is removed. Like the previous two models, it was discontinued in 2014.


title: Nintendo 3DS

paragraphs: The Nintendo 3DS (also called 3DS or N3DS) is a handheld video game console made by Nintendo, which can display 3D effects without the need for any special glasses. Like the Wii, Wii U, Nintendo Switch, and all the members of the Nintendo 3DS family, it has a Mii Maker application, letting the user create their own personal avatar, which some games use to replace the standard characters. It was released in Japan on February 26, 2011, on March 25, 2011 in Europe and the United Kingdom, on March 27, 2011 in the United States and Canada, and in Australia on March 31, 2011. The Nintendo 3DS lets the user play games in either 2D or 3D. A slider lets the player change the level of 3D in the game. The Nintendo 3DS also lets the user play Nintendo DS games, but only in 2D. It comes with extra channels (some have to be downloaded from the Nintendo eShop), such as Nintendo Video, Nintendo Zone, and Swapnote. The system has a camera on the inside, and two on the outside. The outer cameras let the user both take pictures in 3D and shoot videos up to 10 minutes long in 3D.

paragraphs: The Nintendo 3DS was first shown at the Electronic Entertainment Expo 2010.

paragraphs: On August 12, 2011, Nintendo cut the price of the 3DS to $170. People who got it when it was at the higher price of $250 got 10 free Nintendo Entertainment System games, along with 10 free Game Boy Advance games from the Nintendo eShop.

paragraphs: A bigger version, called the Nintendo 3DS XL, was shown to the public on June 21, 2012. This version has screens much larger than the regular 3DS'. It was released on August 19, 2012 (along with "New Super Mario Bros. 2"), and currently costs $199.

paragraphs: A new version of the console, called the Nintendo 2DS, was released on October 12, 2013.

paragraphs: Newer upgraded versions of the original "3DS" and original 3DS XL, the New Nintendo 3DS and New Nintendo 3DS XL (which in turn is a larger version of the other) were released on October 11, 2014 in countries other than North America. The XL originally costed $200 while the New Nintendo 3DS costed $. The New Nintendo 3DS XL was released in North America on February 13, 2015. The sixth and latest model called the New Nintendo 2DS XL (a larger version of the original "2DS") was released on June 15, 2017.

paragraphs: The Nintendo 3DS first launched in Japan with "Pro Evolution Soccer 3DS", "Super Street Fighter IV 3D Edition", "Samurai Warriors: Chronicles", "Bust-a-Move Universe", "Nintendogs + Cats", "Ridge Racer 3D", "Combat of Giants: Dinosaurs 3D", and "Professor Layton and the Miracle Mask". Titles for the North American and European launches of the "3DS" are "The Sims 3", "Madden NFL 3DS", "", "Super Monkey Ball 3D", "Asphalt 3D", "", and "Steel Diver".


title: Sheldon Kennedy

paragraphs: Sheldon Kennedy (born June 15, 1969) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player. He played for the Detroit Red Wings, Boston Bruins and Calgary Flames in the National Hockey League (NHL). Kennedy was drafted by the Red Wings in the fourth round of the 1988 NHL Entry Draft while playing with the Swift Current Broncos of the Western Hockey League (WHL). In the WHL, Kennedy helped the Broncos capture the 1989 Memorial Cup, and was named to the tournament all-star team. Kennedy represented Canada internationally at the World Junior Championships in 1988 and 1989. He helped Canada win a gold medal at the 1988 tournament.

paragraphs: Kennedy is best known for coming forward as a victim of sexual abuse at the hands of his coach, Graham James. In 1998, Kennedy roller bladed across Canada to raise awareness and funds for sexual abuse victims. Currently, Kennedy serves as a spokesperson for violence and abuse prevention programs with the Canadian Red Cross.

paragraphs: Kennedy started playing junior hockey with the Winnipeg South Blues of the Manitoba Junior Hockey League (MJHL) in 1985. After being noticed by Graham James at a hockey camp, Kennedy joined the Swift Current Broncos of the Western Hockey League (WHL) for the 1986–87 season. Kennedy spent his entire WHL career with the Broncos, helping the team capture the 1989 Memorial Cup. For his play during the tournament, Kennedy was named to the Memorial Cup All-Star Team. He was also named to the WHL's Eastern Conference Second All-Star Team.

paragraphs: Kennedy was selected by the Detroit Red Wings in the fourth round (80th overall) of the 1988 National Hockey League (NHL) Entry Draft. His first professional season was split between the Red Wings in the NHL and their minor league affiliate Adirondack Red Wings of the American Hockey League (AHL). At the NHL level, Kennedy scored two goals and added seven assists in 20 games. Kennedy spent the next four seasons bouncing between the AHL and NHL within the Red Wings organization. The Winnipeg Jets acquired Kennedy from the Red Wings after the 1993–94 season. The NHL lockout meant that Kennedy did not actually play for the Jets before being picked up on waivers by the Calgary Flames. Kennedy spent two seasons in Calgary, then the Flames decided not to renew his contract in 1996, shortly after his sexual abuse revelation. He signed as a free agent with the Boston Bruins for the 1996–97 season but also spent time with the Providence Bruins, Boston's AHL affiliate. The 1996–97 season was Kennedy's last campaign in the NHL but he later resurfaced in the 1998–99 season with the Manitoba Moose of the now-defunct International Hockey League. Kennedy also played for EV Landshut of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga in Germany during the 1998–99 season.

paragraphs: A television movie about his life and campaign, "The Sheldon Kennedy Story", aired on CTV in 1999. Jonathan Scarfe starred as Kennedy. In 2006 he released his autobiography, "Why I Didn't Say Anything - The Sheldon Kennedy Story". In the book he revealed that nightmares of James still continue to plague him. He also wrote frankly about his battles with cocaine addiction.


title: Dwight Mathiasen

paragraphs: Dwight Wayne Mathiasen (born May 12, 1963 in Brandon, Manitoba) is a retired professional ice hockey player who played in the National Hockey League with the Pittsburgh Penguins.


title: War Office

paragraphs: The War Office was the name of the ministry which controlled the British Army. In 1963 the independent War Office, Admiralty and Air Ministry were joined to create the Ministry of Defence which controls all of the British armed forces.

paragraphs: Within the War Office, the name 'War Department' was used to describe the military transport services of the War Department Fleet and the War Department Railways.


title: Teardrop (song)

paragraphs: "Teardrop" is a single by trip-hop band Massive Attack. It was released in 1998. It is also the themesong for "House MD".


title: Safe from Harm (song)

paragraphs: "Safe from Harm" is a song by trip-hop band Massive Attack. It was released in 1991.


title: Admiralty

paragraphs: The Admiralty was the name of the ministry which controlled the British Royal Navy. In 1963 the independent War Office, Admiralty and Air Ministry were joined to create the Ministry of Defence which controls all of the British Armed Forces.


title: Protection (song)

paragraphs: "Protection" is a song by trip-hop band Massive Attack. It was released in 1995.


title: Air Ministry

paragraphs: The Air Ministry was the name of the ministry which controlled the British Royal Air Force. In 1963 the independent War Office, Admiralty and Air Ministry were joined to create the Ministry of Defence which controls all of the British Armed Forces.


title: Karmacoma

paragraphs: "Karmacoma" is a song by trip-hop band Massive Attack. It was released in 1995.


title: Luminiferous aether

paragraphs: Luminiferous aether is a substance once believed to fill the Universe and explain how the transmission of waves of light can happen. People believed that light was a kind of wave. Waves travel over the surface of water in a pond, through the air in a room, etc. All waves that people had studied before had travelled through a medium Sound waves travelled faster through steel than through air. So people imagined that light must travel through a similar medium too. Since light travels faster than anything else, light should travel through something more rigid (like steel) faster than anything else. But at the same time this substance would have to be entirely yielding so that it would not slow down the movements of planets and cause them to eventually fall into their suns. The people coming before Albert Einstein believed this substance to exist, and they called it the "Luminiferous aether."

paragraphs: If an observer was to travel on a boat moving through an ocean current, then they could observe changes in the rate that waves appeared to travel depending on the relationship of the observer to the current.

paragraphs: Physicists conducted experiments to attempt to make this question become clear. The Michelson-Morley Experiment showed that there was no medium through which light travelled. It showed that there is no Luminiferous aether.

paragraphs: The easiest way to see the general idea is to imagine a very fast spaceship moving at one half the speed of light from one star to another. The spaceship has two light-speed meters, one pointing backward and one pointing forward. Since the spaceship is moving away from the photons given off by the yellow star, and running toward the photons given off by the blue star, our ordinary experience leads us to expect that we would measure the speed of the yellow photons as 150,000 kilometres per second, and the speed of the blue photons as 450,000 kilometres per second. However both photons are measured at 300,000 km/sec. Thereby this result indicates that speeds do not change relative to the movement of the spaceship.

paragraphs: A recent study is much more precise than the one by Michelson and Morley, but it still shows that the speed of light is constant no matter which direction one is moving in.


title: Live with Me (song)

paragraphs: "Live with Me" is a song by trip-hop band Massive Attack. It was released in 2006 for their compilation album "Collected".


title: Singles 90/98

paragraphs: Singles 90/98 is a compilation album by trip-hop band Massive Attack. It was released in 1998. It has all songs that were released until 1998, when it was released. It also has b-sides and remixes. It has a total of 63 tracks.


title: Collected

paragraphs: Collected is a best-hits album by trip-hop band Massive Attack. It has material on CD and DVD.


title: Danny the Dog

paragraphs: Danny the Dog is the soundtrack for the movie "Unleashed". It is by trip-hop band Massive Attack. It does not include the track called "Aftersun" featuring Dot Allison, that sounds on the credits at the end of the movie.


title: Chief of the General Staff

paragraphs: The Chief of the General Staff is the most senior officer of the British Army. The current holder of the post is General Sir Mark Carleton-Smith, appointed in June 2018.

paragraphs: For many years, until after World War II, the title used was Chief of the Imperial General Staff. This was supposed to show that all of the armies of the British Empire were united under one command. As countries gained independence, this was not the case.


title: I Want You (Marvin Gaye song)

paragraphs: "I Want You" is a song by Marvin Gaye. It was released in 1976. It was covered in 1995 by trip-hop band Massive Attack and Madonna.


title: DJ-Kicks: Daddy G

paragraphs: DJ-Kicks: Daddy G is a DJ mix by Daddy G of Massive Attack. It was released in 2004.


title: Shara Nelson

paragraphs: Shara Nelson is an English singer. She is known for singing in the Massive Attack song "Unfinished Sympathy".


title: Massive Attack discography

paragraphs: Massive Attack is a British trip-hop group. It was started in 1988 in Bristol by Robert Del Naja, Grantley Marshall, and Andrew Vowles. They made 5 studio albums, 2 extended play (EP), 3 compliations, and 16 singles.

paragraphs: I The "Massive Attack" EP and "Splitting the Atom" EP charted on the UK Singles Chart and Swiss Singles Top 100, despite being extended-play length releases.


title: My Bologna

paragraphs: "My Bologna" is a single by "Weird Al" Yankovic. It is a parody of "My Sharona" by The Knack. It was released in 1979. It was Yankovic's first single. It was re-recorded and added to Yankovic's self-titled debut album.


title: Lorentz contraction

paragraphs: The Lorentz contraction, also called Length contraction, Fitzgerald contraction or Lorenz-Fitzgerald contraction, is the phenomenon that a moving object becomes shorter than it was when measured in its rest frame. This is because of relativistic effects seen between observers moving toward or away from one another. The size of one object as seen by someone moving toward or away from it it is decreased along their line of movement by an amount mathematically related to their speed and the speed of light.

paragraphs: In his book, "One, Two, Three...Infinity," physicist George Gamow quoted a limerick (a kind of poem) that is said by some to have been changed from a more naughty poem. There are several other cleaned up versions:


title: Another One Rides the Bus

paragraphs: "Another One Rides the Bus" is a song by "Weird Al" Yankovic. It is a parody of "Another One Bites the Dust" by Queen. It was released in 1981 on Yankovic's first EP. It was also released on Yankovic's self-titled first album in 1982.


title: Ricky (song)

paragraphs: "Ricky" is a song by "Weird Al" Yankovic. It is a parody of "Mickey" by Toni Basil. It is about the television show "I Love Lucy". It was also the first song Yankovic made a music video for.


title: I Love Rocky Road

paragraphs: "I Love Rocky Road" is a song by "Weird Al" Yankovic. It is a parody of "I Love Rock 'n Roll" by the band Arrows. It is about how the singer is obsessed with rocky road ice cream.


title: Eat It

paragraphs: "Eat It" is a song by "Weird Al" Yankovic. It is a parody of the song "Beat It" by Michael Jackson. It was released in 1984 for the album "Weird Al" Yankovic in 3-D". A music video was made for the song that is a direct parody of the "Beat It" video.


title: King of Suede

paragraphs: "King of Suede" is a song by "Weird Al" Yankovic. It is a parody of "King of Pain" by The Police. It is on Yankovic's second album, ""Weird Al" Yankovic in 3-D". The lyrics are a long advertising monologue for the singer's suede clothes.


title: I Lost on Jeopardy

paragraphs: "I Lost on Jeopardy" is a song by "Weird Al" Yankovic. It is a parody of "Jeopardy" by the Greg Kihn Band. It was about the singer's experience losing on the game show "Jeopardy!". It was released for the album "Weird Al" Yankovic in 3-D". The music video featured Yankovic and original "Jeopardy!" host Art Fleming and announcer Don Pardo. It also featured "Jeopardy" artist Kihn and Yankovic's mentor Dr. Demento.


title: Looney Tunes

paragraphs: Looney Tunes is an animated cartoon series produced by Warner Bros. It was Warner Bros.' first animated cartoon series, preceding the "Merrie Melodies" series. The name of the series is a variation on "Silly Symphonies", the name of Walt Disney's concurrent series of music-based cartoon shorts. From 1942 until 1969, "Looney Tunes" was the most popular series of cartoon shorts in theaters, even more popular than any Disney films.

paragraphs: The first "Looney Tunes" cartoon short, "Sinkin' in the Bathtub", was released in 1930. Since then, the series has become a worldwide franchise. It has been shown on television from the 1960s until the present day. When shown on television, it is changed to get rid of heavy violence, smoking, alcohol, and racist stereotypes, but those parts were put back in on home video releases, but with a warning that the cartoons were made in a different time. There have been several TV series, full-length films, comic books, music albums, video games, and amusement park rides based on these shorts.

paragraphs: The "Looney Tunes" originally showcased Warner-owned musical compositions through the adventures of cartoon characters such as Bosko and Buddy. Later "Looney Tunes" shorts featured characters who have gone on to become some of the most well-known and popular cartoon characters in history, such as Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Porky Pig, Elmer Fudd, Sylvester the Cat, Tweety Bird, Marvin the Martian, the Tasmanian Devil, Wile E. Coyote and Road Runner, Foghorn Leghorn, Yosemite Sam, Pepé Le Pew, Speedy Gonzales, and many others. Many of the characters have made cameo appearances in television shows, films and advertisements.


title: Sadness (video game)

paragraphs: Sadness is a cancelled video game that was going to be released on the Nintendo Wii. It was being made by Nibris, which is a company in Poland. It was going to be created for the Wii.

paragraphs: The story of the game takes place in Ukraine, during the time before World War I. The main character is Maria Lengyel, a woman who has to protect her son Alexander from monsters.


title: This Is the Life (song)

paragraphs: "This is the Life" is a song by "Weird Al" Yankovic. It is the theme song in the gangster comedy movie "Johnny Dangerously". It was also re-released for Yankovic's album "Dare to be Stupid".


title: Like a Surgeon ("Weird Al" Yankovic song)

paragraphs: "Like a Surgeon" is a song by "Weird Al" Yankovic. It is a parody of "Like a Virgin" by Madonna. It was released for the album "Dare to be Stupid" in 1984.


title: I Want a New Duck

paragraphs: "I Want a New Duck" is a song by "Weird Al" Yankovic. It is a parody of "I Want a New Drug" by Huey Lewis and the News. It was released on Yankovic's album "Dare to be Stupid" in 1984.


title: One More Minute

paragraphs: "One More Minute" is a song by "Weird Al" Yankovic. It is done in the style of doo-wop and Elvis Presley. It is about how the singer would rather cause harm to himself rather than "spend one more minute" with his former girlfriend. It was released in his 1984 album "Dare to be Stupid".


title: Dare to Be Stupid (song)

paragraphs: "Dare to Be Stupid" is an original song by "Weird Al" Yankovic. It is done in the style of the band Devo. It is the title track for his album "Dare to be Stupid".


title: Living with a Hernia

paragraphs: "Living with a Hernia" is a song by "Weird Al" Yankovic. It is a parody of "Living in America" by James Brown It was released in 1986 for the album "Polka Party!". It is about the pain a hernia causes.


title: Christmas at Ground Zero

paragraphs: "Christmas at Ground Zero" is an original song by "Weird Al" Yankovic. It is done in the style of a Christmas carol. It describes a situation where the world is going to end around Christmastime.


title: Fat (song)

paragraphs: "Fat" is a song by "Weird Al" Yankovic. It is a parody of "Bad" by Michael Jackson. It was released for the album "Even Worse" in 1988. It describes the obesity of the singer and the situations it causes.


title: Lasagna (song)

paragraphs: "Lasagna" is a song by "Weird Al" Yankovic. It is a parody of "La Bamba", a traditional song popularized by Ritchie Valens and Los Lobos. It was released in 1988 for the album "Even Worse".


title: The Dilemma

paragraphs: The Dilemma is a 2011 American comedy-drama movie. It was produced by Ron Howard, Vince Vaughn and Brian Grazer. It was directed by Howard.

paragraphs: Ronny Valentine (Vince Vaughn) who catches his best friend's wife, Geneva (Winona Ryder) cheating on him with another man, Zip (Channing Tatum) and does not know whether he should tell him.


title: Alaska Railroad

paragraphs: The Alaska Railroad is the main railroad in Alaska. It is owned by the state government of Alaska. It connects Alaska's two largest cities, Anchorage and Fairbanks. It also goes to Denali National Park, home of the tallest mountain in North America. There are short spur lines that go to North Pole, military bases, and through a tunnel to Whittier. It is not connected to any other railroads but it does go to the seaports in Seward, Anchorage, and Whittier and the big airport in Anchorage. Most railroads haul either people or freight, but the Alaska Railroad does both.


title: I Think I'm a Clone Now

paragraphs: "I Think I'm a Clone Now" is a song by "Weird Al" Yankovic. It is a parody of "I Think We're Alone Now", which was originally recorded by Tommy James & The Shondells. Yankovic's parody seems to have been based more on the 1987 cover by Tiffany. It was released on the 1988 album "Even Worse".


title: UHF (song)

paragraphs: "UHF" is an original song by "Weird Al" Yankovic. It is a style parody of themes that are played to advertise television stations. It was the theme of the movie "UHF".


title: Telephone numbering plan

paragraphs: A telephone numbering plan is a system used in telecommunications to give telephone numbers to customers and to route telephone calls in a telephone network. A closed numbering plan imposes a fixed length to numbers, such as in North America (10-digit). An open numbering plan may have telephone numbers that vary in length.

paragraphs: A dial plan establishes the type of telephone number in a given area. This includes country codes, access codes, area codes and all combinations of digits dialed. For instance, the North American public switched telephone network (PSTN) uses a phone numbers with a 3-digit area code and a 7-digit telephone number.


title: Money for Nothing/Beverly Hillbillies*

paragraphs: "Money for Nothing/Beverly Hillbillies*" is a song by "Weird Al" Yankovic. It is a parody of "Money for Nothing" by Dire Straits and a cover of "The Beverly Hillbillies" theme song. It was featured in the film "UHF".


title: Isle Thing

paragraphs: "Isle Thing" is a song by "Weird Al" Yankovic. It is a parody of "Wild Thing" by Tone Lōc. It appeared in the film "UHF".


title: Smells Like Nirvana

paragraphs: "Smells Like Nirvana" is a song by "Weird Al" Yankovic. It is a parody of "Smells Like Teen Spirit" by Nirvana. It was released on the album "Off the Deep End" in 1992. It pokes fun at how people often cannot understand Nirvana's lyrics.


title: You Don't Love Me Anymore

paragraphs: "You Don't Love Me Anymore" is an original song by "Weird Al" Yankovic. It was released for "Off the Deep End" in 1992. It is written as a soft ballad, but describes Yankovic and an unnamed girl's relationship. The couple were in love, but the girl has tried to kill Yankovic many times. She had done things like poison his coffee, leaving him for dead in a ditch, and put a cobra in his underwear drawer. The humor in this song is the lyrics and the delivery.


title: Taco Grande

paragraphs: "Taco Grande" is a song by "Weird Al" Yankovic. It is a parody of Gerardo's song "Rico Suave". It is about the singer wants Mexican food and his visit to a fake Mexican restaurant. It was released in the 1992 album "Off the Deep End".


title: Royal Canadian Air Force

paragraphs: The Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF), formerly Air Command (AIRCOM), is the air force of Canada and is often called the Canadian Air Force. It is part of the Canadian Forces. Canada also has an army and a navy.

paragraphs: The air force operates all aircraft of the Canadian Forces, including the helicopters of the army and the navy. The air force is made of fighter jets, cargo planes and helicopters.


title: Canadian Army

paragraphs: The Land Force Command (LFC) is the army of Canada and is often called the Canadian Army. It is part of the Canadian Forces. It is made of 19,500 full-time soldiers and 16,000 part-time soldiers. Canada also has an navy and an air force.

paragraphs: The army has infantry, artillery and tanks.


title: Jurassic Park (song)

paragraphs: "Jurassic Park" is a song by "Weird Al" Yankovic. It is a parody of "MacArthur Park" by Jimmy Webb (as performed by Richard Harris). It is a humorous retelling of the plot in the novel and film "Jurassic Park". It is on the album Alaplooza released in 1993.


title: Homer, Alaska

paragraphs: Homer is a city on the Kenai Peninsula in Alaska. It is known for being "the end of the road." There are signs that Native American people lived in the area as early as 6000 BC, there are now about 5,500 people living in Homer. The most notable feature of Homer is the Homer Spit, a finger of land sticking out into Kachemak Bay. The town's harbor and many of its fishing and tourism-related businesses are on the Spit.


title: Bedrock Anthem

paragraphs: "Bedrock Anthem" is a song by "Weird Al" Yankovic. It is a parody of "Under the Bridge" and "Give it Away" by the Red Hot Chili Peppers. It is about the narrator who desires to live in Bedrock, the setting of the cartoon "The Flintstones". It states several reasons referring to the show. It was released on the 1993 album "Alpalooza".


title: David Johnston

paragraphs: David Lloyd Johnston, CC CMM COM CD FRSC("hon") (born June 28, 1941) is a Canadian academic and author. He was the Governor General of Canada from October 1, 2010 to October 2, 2017.

paragraphs: The Governor General's style and title in full is, in , and in .

paragraphs: Before becoming he Governor General of Canada Johnston was the president of the University of Waterloo and a tenured faculty member in the school of computer science.


title: Achy Breaky Song

paragraphs: "Achy Breaky Song" is a song by "Weird Al" Yankovic. It is a parody of "Achy Breaky Heart" by Billy Ray Cyrus. It described how the singer was fed up with listening to the original song and things he would rather do. It was released on the 1993 album "Alpalooza".