title: James Okubo

paragraphs: James K. Okubo (May 30, 1920 – January 29, 1967) was a United States Army soldier. He received the Medal of Honor because of his actions in World War II.

paragraphs: Okubo was born in Anacortes, Washington. His parents were Japanese immigrant parents. He was a "Nisei", which means that he was a second generation Japanese-American.

paragraphs: The Okubo family was interned at the Tule Lake War Relocation Center in California; and then they were moved to the camp at Hart Mountain in Wyoming.

paragraphs: Okubo volunteered to be part of the all-"Nisei" 442nd Regimental Combat Team. This army unit was mostly made up of Japanese Americans from Hawaii and the mainland.

paragraphs: For his actions in October 1944, Okubo was awarded the Army's third-highest decoration, the Silver Star. In the 1990s, there was a review of service records of Asian Americans who received the Silver Star during World War II. Okubo's award was upgraded to the Medal of Honor. In a ceremony at the White House on June 21, 2000, he was presented with his medal by President Bill Clinton. Twenty-one other Asian Americans also received the medal during the ceremony, but only seven of them were still alive.

paragraphs: Okubo's Medal of Honor recognized his conduct in fighting in eastern France in 1944. many times, he exposed himself to intense fire to treat and evacuate wounded men.

paragraphs: Technician Fifth Grade James K. Okubo distinguished himself by extraordinary heroism in action on 28 and 29 October and 4 November 1944, in the Foret Domaniale de Champ, near Biffontaine, eastern France. On 28 October, under strong enemy fire coming from behind mine fields and roadblocks, Technician Fifth Grade Okubo, a medic, crawled 150 yards to within 40 yards of the enemy lines. Two grenades were thrown at him while he left his last covered position to carry back wounded comrades. Under constant barrages of enemy small arms and machine gun fire, he treated 17 men on 28 October and 8 more men on 29 October. On 4 November, Technician Fifth Grade Okubo ran 75 yards under grazing machine gun fire and, while exposed to hostile fire directed at him, evacuated and treated a seriously wounded crewman from a burning tank, who otherwise would have died. Technician Fifth Grade James K. Okubo's extraordinary heroism and devotion to duty are in keeping with the highest traditions of military service and reflect great credit on him, his unit, and the United States Army.

paragraphs: Okubo is the namesake of the Okubo Family Health Clinic at Joint Base Lewis-McChord in Washington.

paragraphs: The Okubo Barracks at the Fort Sam Houston in Texas are named after the "Nisei" soldier.


title: Automotive industry

paragraphs: The automotive industry refers to the design, manufacture, marketing and selling of motor vehicles. It is one of the world's biggest economic sectors in terms of the money it makes. The automotive industry began in the 1890s with hundreds of manufacturers making the "horseless carriage". The Ford Model T was one of the first cars to be sold for very little money. For a long time, the United States was the biggest producer of automobiles. In 1929, before the Great Depression, the world had 32,028,500 automobiles in use. The U.S. automobile industry had produced over 90% of them. At that time, the U.S. had one car per 4.87 persons. From the 1960s, Japan became the second biggest producer of automobiles in the world. China became the world leader in making automobiles in 2009.


title: Tiffany Cross Medal of Honor

paragraphs: The Tiffany Cross Medal of Honor was created immediately after World War I. The US Navy decided to recognize via the Medal of Honor two manners of heroism. One in combat and one in the line of a sailor's profession. The original upside-down star was designated as the non-combat version and a new pattern of the medal pendant, in cross form, was designed by the Tiffany Company in 1919. It was to be presented to a sailor or Marine who "in action involving actual conflict with the enemy, distinguish[es] himself conspicuously by gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty" and without detriment to his mission. This pendant became the "Tiffany Cross".

paragraphs: The "Tiffany Cross" is suspended from the classic light blue Medal of Honor ribbon with 13 white stars. At the ribbon top is a bar with the word "VALOUR". The medal is a gold cross pattée overlaying an oak and laurel wreath on the obverse side, with an antique anchor in each arm of the cross. The center, overlaying the cross, is an octagon with the phrases "UNITED STATES NAVY" to the top and "1917·1918" to the bottom, on the perimeter separated by two stars. The center of the octagon is the Great Seal of the United States. The reverse side is flat, suitable for engraving. Recipients medals often had intricate inscriptions.

paragraphs: On 4 February 1919 Congress, in the same act that created the Navy Cross and the Navy Distinguished Service Medal, Congress provided:

paragraphs: Designed by Tiffany Company, this medal became the "Tiffany Cross" and eligibility was retroactive to 6 April 1917, when the United States entered World War I.

paragraphs: Despite the "actual conflict" guidelines, the "Tiffany Cross" was awarded to Floyd Bennett and Richard Byrd for arctic exploration, and to John Siegel for a rescue at sea. In the words of the Congressional Medal of Honor Society, the "Tiffany Cross" Program was "poorly regulated and documented."

paragraphs: The "Tiffany Cross" was unpopular, perhaps because it so closely resembled the German Iron Cross. Recipients, such as Admiral Byrd, requested, received, and wore the classical inverted star design. Byrd received his "Tiffany Cross" on 27 February 1927 from President Coolidge. He received his classical Medal of Honor on 20 June 1930 from President Hoover. His motives for the change are not remarked upon. In 1942, the Navy returned to using only the original 1862 inverted 5-point star design, and ceased issuing the award for non-combat action.

paragraphs: During the "Tiffany Cross's" active status, the next lower naval award was the Navy Distinguished Service Medal, followed by the Navy Cross. By congressional action on 7 August 1942, in the same act that terminated the "Tiffany Cross", the Distinguished Service Medal and the Navy Cross swapped places, with the Navy Cross also becoming solely a combat award.

paragraphs: The US Naval History & Heritage Command asserts that 28 sailors and Marines received the "Tiffany Cross", but does not provide a list. However, a review of:

paragraphs: make a nearly complete list. There are at least three recipients (Byrd, Bennett, Siegal) who have been awarded the "Tiffany Cross" for non-combat actions. There may be other in-period recipients that have also have received one, but these aren't known, and would require investigation of similar nature for each.


title: Naval History & Heritage Command

paragraphs: The Naval History & Heritage Command (NHHC) is at the historic Washington Navy Yard. It is an Echelon II command responsible for the preservation, analysis, and dissemination of U.S. naval history and heritage. The NHHC is composed of 42 facilities in 13 geographic locations. This includes the Navy Department Library, ten museums and one heritage center, USS Constitution repair facility and detachment, and Historic ship NAUTILUS.

paragraphs: "Be the recognized authority on U.S. naval history and instill pride in America's naval heritage."

paragraphs: The position of Director of Naval History was first established in 1944.

paragraphs: Similar collections that document the Navy’s history in specialized areas of interest are located at the eleven official U.S. Navy museums nationwide.

paragraphs: There are fifteen official Navy museums. They are designed to educate a national audience about the history, customs, and traditions of the U.S. Navy. These museums are dedicated to community outreach and offer curriculum-based education programs, docent-led tours, special evening programs, summer activities, lectures, and musical performances that are open to the public and free of charge. For more information on the following Navy museums, visit the NHHC website:


title: Opel Signum

paragraphs: The Opel Signum is a automobile produced by Opel. It was a more upmarket version of the Vectra that it was based on and it arrived in 2003 with a facelift in 2005 and was discontinued in 2008 with no replacement. It was sold in the UK as the Vauxhall Signum.

paragraphs: It is a hatchback version of the Opel Vectra.


title: Opel Omega

paragraphs: The Opel Omega is a automobile produced by Opel. It replaced the Opel Rekord in 1986. The first generation was sold as the Vauxhall Carlton in the UK and was facelifted in 1991 It was sold as the Vauxhall Omega in the UK with the second generation which arrived in 1994 with a facelift in late 1999. It was discontinued in 2003 with no direct replacement. It was also sold as the Cadillac Catera in the US from 1997 to 2001 with a facelift for the 2000 model year.


title: Bob Balaban

paragraphs: Robert Elmer "Bob" Balaban (born August 16, 1945) is an American actor, author, producer, and director who is known for his roles in "Moonrise Kingdom", "Gosford Park", "Close Encounters of the Third Kind", "Best in Show", "Lady in the Water", and as his guest-staring roles as Russell Dalrymple in "Seinfeld" and Frank Buffay, Sr. in "Friends".

paragraphs: Balaban was born on August 16, 1945 in Chicago, Illinois to a Jewish family. His grandparents were Russian immagrants who came to Chicago. Balaban studied at Colgate University and at New York University. He has been married to Lynn Grossman since 1977. They had two children, Hazel and Mariah. He is Jewish. Balaban now lives in Manhattan, New York.


title: Sofi Needs a Ladder

paragraphs: Sofi Needs a Ladder is a song by Canadian electronic music producer deadmau5 and features vocals from Sofia Toufa (SOFI). The song is featured on deadmau5's fifth studio album "4×4=12."

paragraphs: The song was first played on BBC Radio 1 on 22 October 2010.

paragraphs: It was originally an instrumental song and was called "You Need a Ladder" but the song was changed to "Sofi Needs a Ladder" when Sofia Toufa performed the vocals for it.

paragraphs: Deadmau5 create a contest for the best remix of "Sofi Needs A Ladder". The winner's name is MosDam, that had remixed a lot of Deadmau5 tracks.

paragraphs: The song is featured during a house party in a season 8 episode of Entourage, The finals of The X Factor where the first verse was mashed with "What a Feeling" and was performed by Cher Lloyd, the club scene during The Hangover Part II and on the soundtrack of .

paragraphs: Sofi Needs a Ladder won a Juno Award for "Best Dance Recording" in 2011.


title: Animal Rights (song)

paragraphs: Animal Rights is a collaboration song by Canadian electronic music producer deadmau5 and American house music producer, Wolfgang Gartner. The song is featured on deadmau5's fifth studio album "4×4=12."

paragraphs: The song was first played on BBC Radio 1 on 28 August 2010. Animal Rights was added to the BBC Radio 1's playlist on 1 December 2010.

paragraphs: The song reached #72 on the UK Singles Chart and reached #15 on the UK Dance Chart.


title: Some Chords

paragraphs: Some Chords is a song by Canadian electronic music producer deadmau5. The song is featured on deadmau5's fifth studio album "4×4=12."

paragraphs: The song is the first single from 4×4=12. It was featured on a episode titled "Pool Shark" where deadmau5 played himself in the episode. The song also appears on the soundtrack to the 2010 video game, The Sims 3.

paragraphs: The music video for the song was selected as the winner of a competition deadmau5 sent out using Wooshii. The music video is about a man named Tom who has a snare drum for a head.


title: Strobe (song)

paragraphs: Strobe is a song by Canadian electronic music producer deadmau5. The song is featured on deadmau5's fourth studio album "For Lack of a Better Name."

paragraphs: The song is the second single from the album and was released on 23 February 2010. The song was originally came from the 2006 song, "Then We Stood Still". A live version of the song was released only through the iTunes version of his sixth studio album > album title goes here < in 2012. The song is a progressive house song that is influenced from the ambient music genre. There are also several remixes for the song including a Michael Woods remix, a Plump DJs remix and a DJ Marky & S.P.Y. remix.

paragraphs: It reached #128 on the UK Singles Chart and also reached #13 on the UK Dance Chart in the United Kingdom.


title: Ghosts 'n' Stuff

paragraphs: Ghosts 'n' Stuff, also known as Ghosts N Stuff, is a song by Canadian electronic music producer deadmau5 and features vocals from Rob Swire of Pendulum and Knife Party. The song is featured on deadmau5's fourth studio album "For Lack of a Better Name."

paragraphs: The song was first made in 2004 and deadmau5 said that the song ended up going through at least 10 revisions. deadmau5 and Swire met each other backstage at various festivals and they both decided to collaborate on a song.

paragraphs: The song was specifically made for Pete Tong's BBC Radio 1 Essential Selection show which deadmau5 was a guest on along with Steve Angello. Tong asked deadmau5 if deadmau5 could create something new for his appearance. deadmau5 said that the song was originally called "Hotel" because he made it for Tong's show when he was staying in his hotel. He also said that the song was "just now" finished and that he would now call it "Ghosts 'n' Stuff".

paragraphs: The music video for the song was shot in Toronto, Ontario and features Joel Zimmerman being rushed to the hospital but dies on arrival. Zimmerman is then revived as a ghost and roams the streets of Toronto where he gets a tattoo of a Space Invader alien, gets runs into a gang of ghosts and attends a rave where the other people are dressed up in different costumes. One of the people at the rave wearing a deadmau5 helmet pulls the white sheet off and Joel wakes up in the hospital. Joel also finds that the Space Invaders tattoo that he got as a ghost is still on his neck.

paragraphs: The music video for the song was also shown on a 2011 episode of Beavis and Butt-head titled, "Drones".


title: I Remember

paragraphs: I Remember is a song by Canadian electronic music producer deadmau5 and American DJ Kaskade. The song is featured on deadmau5's first studio album "Random Album Title" and the Strobelite Edit is featured on Kaskade's fifth solo album "Strobelite Seduction".

paragraphs: The song is featured on the soundtrack of the 2011 film The Lincoln Lawyer and the remix by FSG was featured in DJ Hero 2 and GoldenEye 007.

paragraphs: The music video for the song was shot in Manchester and features British actor Stephen Graham as well as Warren Brown, Aston Kelly, Greg Walsh & Emma Edmondson.

paragraphs: The video starts with Graham's character talking to two young men played by Warren Brown & Aston Kelly about rave culture and life. Brown and Kelly's characters then find a place for what is later revealed to be an illegal rave where deadmau5 is performing as the DJ. The video ends with a "to be continued" title card.

paragraphs: Actor Stephen Graham was almost arrested because the police accidentally mistook the music video for an actual illegal rave.


title: Bandipora Tehsil

paragraphs: Bandipora () is a sub-district of Baramulla District in Jammu and Kashmir, India.


title: Proserpina

paragraphs: Proserpina (; Latin: "Prōserpina") or Proserpine is the goddess of springtime and the queen of the underworld in Roman mythology. She was the daughter of Ceres. In Greek mythology, there was a goddess who was like Proserpina called Persephone. She was first introduced to the Romans in the year 204 BC, and many of her myths were based on those of the Greek goddess.

paragraphs: The most famous story about her is how she was taken by force to the Underworld by Pluto, and how she later became able to return to the world above, but only for part of each year. This myth was a popular subject in Roman art and literature, and remained so well into the Renaissance. Her name is possibly derived from the Latin "proserpere", meaning "to emerge or come forth".


title: Ordinary People

paragraphs: Ordinary People is a 1980 drama movie. It was directed by Robert Redford. It is based on the 1976 Judith Guest novel by the same name. The movie stars Donald Sutherland, Timothy Hutton, Judd Hirsch and Mary Tyler Moore. It is about suicide and family dysfunctions. The movie got several Academy Awards, including Best Picture of the Year.


title: David Denby

paragraphs: David Denby (born 1943) is an American journalist, critic, and historian who works with "The New Yorker" along with Anthony Lane. His career began in 1970s. He was influenced by critic Pauline Kael.

paragraphs: Denby was born in 1943 in New York City, New York. He studied at Columbia University and at Stanford University. He now lives in Manhattan, New York.


title: Serius Jones

paragraphs: Serius Jones is an American and all-time champion freestyle rapper. He has been featured in many rap battles and is a part time amateur rapper.


title: Anthony Lane

paragraphs: Anthony Lane (born 1962) is a British-American movie critic and journalist. He works for "The New Yorker" along with David Denby.

paragraphs: Lane was born in 1962 in London, England. He studied at Sherborne School and at Trinity College, Cambridge. He is partners with Allison Pearson. They have two children, Eveline and Thomas Lane. He now lives in Cambridge, England.


title: Theresa Randle

paragraphs: Theresa Randle (December 27, 1964, Los Angeles) is an American movie performer who began with studies in comedy and stage. Her movies include the "Bad Boys" series, "Maid to Order" and "Girl 6".


title: Barbara Bel Geddes

paragraphs: Barbara Bel Geddes (born October 31, 1922 - August 8, 2005) was an American television and movie actress. She was born in New York City. She acted in many television programs and movies. She performed as Ellie Ewing in the television show "Dallas". Bel Geddes died of lung cancer in 2005 in Maine.


title: Alpine skiing

paragraphs: Alpine skiing is a winter sport. In this sport people try to go down hills which have snow on them with skis. The person who goes down fastest is the winner. There are many different types of races that can be done. This sport started around 1850 in Norway.

paragraphs: Today, many people can try it because there are many ski resorts around the world to do this. For the best athletes there are many important competitions: the FIS Alpine Ski World Cup is the most known of them. Alpine skiing is played in the Olympics.

paragraphs: Alpine skiing is also sometimes called downhill skiing. However, under this last name there are many more types of skiing, for example freestyle.

paragraphs: There are four types of races in alpine skiing. In all of them, there is a start and finish line and some gates on the slope between these lines. Athletes must go between the gates, otherwise they are disqualified.

paragraphs: There is also a combined event. This has one downhill race and two slalom races. The races are usually shorter than the normal ones. The event takes place on one day only. The times are added and the athlete who has the fastest total time is the winner.


title: Sharon Gless

paragraphs: Sharon Gless (born May 31, 1943 in Los Angeles) is an American movie and television actress. She has two Emmy Awards and two Golden Globe Awards. She acted as Maggie Philbin in the TV series "Switch" and as Christine Cagney in "Cagney & Lacey". She also did other television programs.

paragraphs: In 1991, she married producer Barney Rosenzweig.


title: Hans Ferdinand Linskens

paragraphs: Hans Ferdinand Linskens (Lahr, Germany, May 22, 1921-August 13, 2007) was a German scientist. He did research in botany and genetics. He was professor of botany at the Radboud University Nijmegen from 1957 to 1986. Linskens was the editor-in-chief of the scientific journals "Theoretical and Applied Genetics" (1977 to 1987) and "Sexual Plant Reproduction". He was also an influential editor of handbooks.

paragraphs: Linskens was an elected member of the Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina, Linnean Society of London, Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, and the Académie Royale des Sciences de Belgique.


title: Old Tom Morris

paragraphs: Thomas Mitchell Morrison (16 June 1821 - 24 May, 1908) was a Scottish professional golf pioneer. He influenced many popular golfers including Tiger Woods, Rory McIlroy, Phil Mickelson, and others.

paragraphs: Morris was born in St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland on 16 June 1821. He was the son of a weaver. He started playing golf by the age of 10. He used wine bottle corks pierced with sharp nails as golf balls. He played around the streets of the town using a homemade golf club.


title: Rosemary Harris

paragraphs: Rosemary Harris (born September 19, 1927) is an English movie and stage actress. She starred in the "Spider-Man" movie series, "Being Julia", and many others. She was born in Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Leicestershire.

paragraphs: Harris was married to novelist John Ehle from 1967 until his death in 2018. They had one daughter, Jennifer Ehle.


title: Lesley Ann Warren

paragraphs: Lesley Ann Warren (born August 16, 1946 in New York City) is an American movie and television actor. She starred in many television programs and movies. She was in "Color of Night" (which did poor at the box office). She also appeared on the television series "Will & Grace" and "Desperate Housewives".


title: Ted Tanouye

paragraphs: Ted Takayuki Tanouye (November 14, 1919 – September 6, 1944) was a United States Army soldier. He received the Medal of Honor because of his actions in World War II.

paragraphs: Tanouye was born in Torrence, California. His parents were Japanese immigrant parents. He was a "Nisei", which means that he was a second generation Japanese-American.

paragraphs: The Tanouye family was interned at the Jerome War Relocation Center near Jerome, Arkansas. and then they were moved to the camp at Rohwer War Relocation Center near Rohwer, Arkansas.

paragraphs: Two months after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Tanouye joined the US Army in February 1942.

paragraphs: Tanouye volunteered to be part of the all-"Nisei" 442nd Regimental Combat Team. This army unit was mostly made up of Japanese Americans from Hawaii and the mainland.

paragraphs: For his actions in July 1944, Tanouye was awarded the Army's second-highest decoration, the Distinguished Service Cross (DSC). In the 1990s, there was a review of service records of Asian Americans who received the DSC during World War II. Tanouye's award was upgraded to the Medal of Honor. In a ceremony at the White House on June 21, 2000, he was presented with his medal by President Bill Clinton. Twenty-one other Asian Americans also received the medal during the ceremony, but only seven of them were still alive.

paragraphs: Tanouye's Medal of Honor recognized his conduct in fighting in northern Italy in 1944. Without the help of others, he attacked a series of enemy positions.

paragraphs: The words of Tanouye's citation explain:

paragraphs: Technical Sergeant Ted T. Tanouye distinguished himself by extraordinary heroism in action on 7 July 1944, near Molino A Ventoabbto, Italy. Technical Sergeant Tanouye led his platoon in an attack to capture the crest of a strategically important hill that afforded little cover. Observing an enemy machine gun crew placing its gun in position to his left front, Technical Sergeant Tanouye crept forward a few yards and opened fire on the position, killing or wounding three and causing two others to disperse. Immediately, an enemy machine pistol opened fire on him. He returned the fire and killed or wounded three more enemy soldiers. While advancing forward, Technical Sergeant Tanouye was subjected to grenade bursts, which severely wounded his left arm. Sighting an enemy-held trench, he raked the position with fire from his submachine gun and wounded several of the enemy. Running out of ammunition, he crawled 20 yards to obtain several clips from a comrade on his left flank. Next, sighting an enemy machine pistol that had pinned down his men, Technical Sergeant Tanouye crawled forward a few yards and threw a hand grenade into the position, silencing the pistol. He then located another enemy machine gun firing down the slope of the hill, opened fire on it, and silenced that position. Drawing fire from a machine pistol nest located above him, he opened fire on it and wounded three of its occupants. Finally taking his objective, Technical Sergeant Tanouye organized a defensive position on the reverse slope of the hill before accepting first aid treatment and evacuation. Technical Sergeant Tanouye's extraordinary heroism and devotion to duty are in keeping with the highest traditions of military service and reflect great credit on him, his unit, and the United States Army.

paragraphs: Tanouye is the namesake of the Torrance National Guard Armory in California.


title: Uyghur language

paragraphs: Uyghur (, "Uyghurche"; formerly known as Eastern Turkish) is a Turkic language with 8 to 11 million speakers, spoken primarily by the Uyghur people in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of Western China. There are several writing systems used to write Uyghur. While Uyghurs usually use the Uyghur alphabet, an alphabet based on the Arabic alphabet, there are also two Latin and one Cyrillic alphabet that can be used to write Uyghur.


title: East Turkestan independence movement

paragraphs: The East Turkestan independence movement is a broad term that refers to advocates of an independent, self-governing East Turkestan in the region now known as Xinjiang, an autonomous region in the People's Republic of China.


title: East Turkestan Islamic Movement

paragraphs: The East Turkestan Islamic Movement (ETIM, also known as the Turkistan Islamic Party, Turkistan Islamic Movement, and other names); is a Waziri based mujahideen organization. Its stated goals are the independence of East Turkestan. ETIM has reportedly committed over 200 acts of terrorism between 1990 to 2001, resulting in at least 162 deaths and over 440 injuries.


title: Eastern bluebird

paragraphs: The eastern bluebird ("Sialia sialis") is a species of Turdidae. Its name comes from the colour of its feathers, which is a vibrant blue.

paragraphs: There is a marked contrast between his blue back and its subdued orange-brown belly. The female's colours are less intense. The head's colour is a kind of blue-gray and there is a more vibrant blue on the tail and the wings. The belly is a mix of orange-brown and white. The male is completely blue. It is only his breast and his throat which are orange and blue, his belly and undertail are white.

paragraphs: The eastern bluebird lives in many regions of North America. It has been seen more frequently in the American Midwest and in southern Canada. It does not have a definive habitat. It lives in light woods, gardens, agricultural areas and orchards. This species prefers to use a hole already made as a nest. In fact, those birds often live in deserted woodpecker holes. To make it more comfortable they add to the hole little twigs or brushwood. They cut and bring it back to the hole they want to live in and it covers the bottom of the wood cavity.

paragraphs: This bird eats insects. In summer and spring time, perching on a low branch or on a nest boxes, it searches for prey. When it finds one it simply attacks it. During colder seasons, bugs are less present. Thus, it can also eat little fruits like field or forest berries.

paragraphs: Females have between four and five eggs at a time. Before hatching, there is about fourteen days of incubation. The eastern bluebird has been decreasing in population over time. Despite the fact that many eggs are laid, the birth's success rate is low. One thing that can be the source of that phenomenon might be the introduction of the common starling from Europe. That kind of bird is a strong competitor fighting against eastern bluebirds for natural cavities. If they are fighting every day females would not be able to lay their eggs because they need a calm location to do it. However, the situation could be worse without nest boxes to help eastern bluebirds find a safe location.


title: Mariette Hartley

paragraphs: Mariette Hartley (born June 21 1940 in Weston, Connecticut) is an American movie and television actress. She acted in the television drama "Channing". She also acted in many other TV programs and movies. Hartley won an Emmy Award.


title: José B. Nísperos

paragraphs: José B. Nísperos (December 30, 1887–September 1, 1922) was a member of the Philippine Scouts. He received the Medal of Honor during the Philippine-American War. He was the first Asian to receive the medal. On September 24, 1911, at Lapurap, Basilan, Philippines, Nísperos, a member of the U.S. Army's 34th Company of the Philippine Scouts, defended his unit's position against natives armed with spears despite being severely wounded. Nísperos became the first Filipino and Asian to receive the medal of honor; the medal was presented by Brigadier General Bell in February 1913.

paragraphs: Having been badly wounded (his left arm was broken and lacerated and he had received several spear wounds in the body so that he could not stand) continued to fire his rifle with one hand until the enemy was repulsed, thereby aiding materially in preventing the annihilation of his party and the mutilation of their bodies.


title: Telesforo Trinidad

paragraphs: Telesforo de la Crux Trinidad (November 25, 1890-May 8, 1968) was a Filipino fireman 2nd class in the United States Navy who received the Medal of Honor for actions, in Mexican waters near La Paz, on board the USS San Diego in peacetime. He was the second service member, and first and so far the only sailor of Asian descent to receive the award.

paragraphs: For extraordinary heroism in the line of his profession at the time of the boiler explosion on board the U.S.S. San Diego, 21 January 1915. Trinidad was driven out of fireroom No. 2 by the explosion, but at once returned and picked up R.E. Daly, fireman, second class, whom he saw to be injured, and proceeded to bring him out. While coming into No. 4 fireroom, Trinidad was just in time to catch the explosion in No. 3 fireroom, but without consideration for his own safety, passed Daly on and then assisted in rescuing another injured man from No. 3 fireroom. Trinidad was himself burned about the face by the blast from the explosion in No. 3 fireroom.


title: Terry Teruo Kawamura

paragraphs: Terry Teruo Kawamura (December 10, 1949 – March 20, 1969) was a United States Army soldier. He was also a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration—the Medal of Honor. He received it for his actions in the Vietnam War.

paragraphs: Kawamura was born at Wahaiwa, Hawaii on the island of Oahu. His grandparents were Japanese immigrant parents. Kawamura was a "Sansei", which means that he was a third generation Japanese-American.

paragraphs: Kawamura joined the Army from Oahu in 1968. By March 20, 1969, was serving as a Corporal in the 173rd Engineer Company, 173rd Airborne Brigade. On that day, at Camp Radcliff, Republic of Vietnam, Kawamura smothered an enemy-thrown explosive with his body, sacrificing his life to protect those around him.

paragraphs: Kawamura was 19 when he died. He was buried in Mililani Memorial Park in Mililani Town, Hawaii.

paragraphs: Kawamura's Medal of Honor recognized his conduct in fighting in Vietnam in 1969. He smothered the blast of an explosive charge with his body.

paragraphs: The words of Kawamura's citation explain:

paragraphs: For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity in action at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty. Cpl. Kawamura distinguished himself by heroic action while serving as a member of the 173d Engineer Company. An enemy demolition team infiltrated the unit quarters area and opened fire with automatic weapons. Disregarding the intense fire, Cpl. Kawamura ran for his weapon. At that moment, a violent explosion tore a hole in the roof and stunned the occupants of the room. Cpl. Kawamura jumped to his feet, secured his weapon and, as he ran toward the door to return the enemy fire, he observed that another explosive charge had been thrown through the hole in the roof to the floor. He immediately realized that 2 stunned fellow soldiers were in great peril and shouted a warning. Although in a position to escape, Cpl. Kawamura unhesitatingly wheeled around and threw himself on the charge. In completely disregarding his safety, Cpl. Kawamura prevented serious injury or death to several members of his unit. The extraordinary courage and selflessness displayed by Cpl. Kawamura are in the highest traditions of the military service and reflect great credit upon himself, his unit, and the U.S. Army.

paragraphs: Tanouye is the namesake of the Kawamura Gate which connects Wheeler Army Airfield with the city of Mililani. This east gate is named in honor of Kawamura.


title: Darkhan (city)

paragraphs: Darkhan (Mongolian: Дархан) is a city in Mongolia. It is in a province with the same name. It is the third largest city in the country. In 2010, the population was 74,738.

paragraphs: The city's economy is mostly industrial. Education is also an important sector of the city's economy.

paragraphs: Darkhan is a new city. It was begun on October 17, 1961.

paragraphs: Darkhan has a borderline humid continental climate (Dwb), close to the more typical subarctic climate (Dwc) of northern Mongolia, which is found in higher areas near the city, and only marginally wet enough to avoid qualifying as a semi-arid climate (BSk). This area has extremely cold and dry winters; however the summers are warmer and more humid.

paragraphs: There are ten colleges in Darkhan. Many students come to Darkhan to study. There are also the Institute of Management and Development, the Regional Business Development Center and the Plant Science and Agricultural Training Research Institute.

paragraphs: The city has a monument to the horse-head fiddle (morinkhuur), the national instrument of Mongolia.

paragraphs: There is a Buddhist monastery Kharagiin monastery in a pretty log cabin in the older part of the town.

paragraphs: The Museum of Darkhan-Uul is the Traditional Museum of Folk Art. It has a collection of archaeological findings, traditional clothing, religious artifacts, and taxidermy.


title: Jamie Hyneman

paragraphs: James Franklin "Jamie" Hyneman (born September 25, 1956) is an American special effects expert, scientist, and television personality. He has been the co-host of "MythBusters" since 2003.

paragraphs: Hyneman was born on September 25, 1956 in Marshall, Michigan. He was raised in Columbus, Indiana. He studied at Indiana University. Hyneman has been married to Eileen Walsh since 1989. He is an atheist.


title: Adam Savage

paragraphs: Adam Whitney Savage (born July 15, 1967) is an American special effects, scientist, artist, television personality, and educator. He has been the co-host of "MythBusters" since 2003.

paragraphs: Savage was born on July 15, 1967 in New York City, New York. He studied at Tisch School of the Arts. He has been married to Julia Savage since 2002. He has two children. Savage is an atheist.


title: Kendra Wilkinson

paragraphs: Kendra Wilkinson (born June 12, 1985 in San Diego) is an American model, writer and reality television participant. She acted on "The Girl Next Door". She began hosting her own series, "Kendra", around 2009.


title: Dutch defence

paragraphs: The Dutch defence is one of the oldest chess openings. It aims at counter-attacking the white K-side in the middlegame. White responds in various ways:

paragraphs: 2.g3. This fianchetto of the KB signals White's attempt to control the central squares. It is the main line for tournament players. White continues with moves like Bg2, Nf3, 0-0, c4, Nc3.

paragraphs: 2.Bg5. This is a hard move to understand. It makes 2...Nf6 doubtful, since 3Bxf6 doubles pawns and makes Black's game more difficult. Black usually plays 2...g6 to fianchetto his bishop before he plays ...Nf6. 2...g6 marks the Leningrad variation of the Dutch defence. The bishop cannot be chased successfully: 2...h6 3.Bh4 g5 4.Bg3 f4? 5.e3! threatens mate, and so wins the pawn on f4.

paragraphs: 2.e4. This is Staunton's Gambit. After 2...fxe4 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bg5 d5 5f3 White may or may not have enough for the f pawn.


title: Carloman II of Burgundy

paragraphs: Carloman II of Burgundy(ca.750/751 - 771) was a Carolingian Frankish ruler, King of Burgundy and Neustria (768-771). His father was Pepin III. In 768, he inherited the south part of his father's kingdom. He died 3 years later.


title: Carloman I of Austrasia

paragraphs: Carloman I of Austrasia(706/710 - 17 August 754) was a Carolingian Frankish ruler. He was the son of Charles Martel and brother of Pepin III.


title: St. Mirren Park

paragraphs: St Mirren Park, also known as "Greenhill Road", is a football stadium in Paisley, Scotland and is the home of St. Mirren FC. The capacity of the stadium is 8,023 all seated.

paragraphs: St. Mirren FC previously played at Love Street, which was also known as St. Mirren Park. Love Street was sold to the supermarket Tesco. The money from the sale was used to build the new ground.

paragraphs: The new St. Mirren Park was officially opened on 31 January 2009 by club chairman Stewart Gilmour and First Minister Alex Salmond, prior to the first match at the new ground. The game between St Mirren and Kilmarnock finished in a 1–1 draw, with the first goal at the new stadium being scored by Kilmarnock striker Kevin Kyle. Dennis Wyness scored St. Mirren's first goal at the new ground, in the same match. The opening match set the record attendance of 7,542, a record which still stands.

paragraphs: St. Mirren Park has become the regular home of the Scotland national under-21 football team.

paragraphs: The Stadium has four stands with a total capacity of 8,023. The North Stand is used by away fans but for larger away supports part of the West Stand can also be given to away fans.


title: St Catharine's College, Cambridge

paragraphs: St Catharine's College is one of the colleges of the University of Cambridge, England. It is often called just Catz by the students. It was created in 1473 by Robert Wodelarke, who was the Provost (head) of King's College. At the beginning, the rules were that people could only study theology or philosophy but this changed with time. It now has about 600 students.

paragraphs: St Catharine's College takes its name from Catherine of Alexandria. She is the patron for learning in Christianity. The mother of King Henry VI was also called Catherine, so it is possible that the name comes from there.

paragraphs: At the beginning, there was not much money for the college. There were also few students and Fellows (teachers). Over time though numbers went up. They had to make new buildings to let more students join the college. The modern first court, which only has three sides, was built between 1675 and 1757. In 1880, people started to think about joining St Catherine's College back with King's College, since they are right next to each other. However, this did not happen because the Master did not agree in the end.

paragraphs: Some important people have studied here, like Ian McKellen, an actor. The current manager of Leeds United A.F.C, Jacque Scolee, is also an alumni of St Catharine's College.


title: Golden Hockey Stick

paragraphs: The Golden Hockey Stick () is an award given to the top Czech ice hockey player. It was first awarded to the top player in the Czechoslovak First Ice Hockey League, beginning in the 1968–69 season. After the Czech Republic and Slovakia became separate countries in 1993, it was awarded to the top Czech player.

paragraphs: Jaromír Jágr has won this award more than any other player: ten times. Dominik Hašek has won it five times.


title: Hugh de Lotharingia

paragraphs: Hugh de Lotharingia also called Hugh of Lotharingia (ca. 850/855 - 895) was a person in the Frankish royal family during the Carolingian dynasty. A dynasty is a group of kings or queens who are related to each other by blood and rule the same place one after he other. He was the son of Lothar II by a woman who was not his wife. Hugh's mother was Lothar's concubine Waldrada, meaning people knew she was the king's girlfriend. Hugh was the grandson of Lothar I. His title was Count of Lotharingia and Duke of Alsace.

paragraphs: When Hugh was young, his father was given then job of Count of Lotharingia also. In 865, he was named Duke of Alsace.

paragraphs: In 885, Hugh's uncle, Emperor Charles the Fat, accused him of plotting against him and had him blinded and thrown in a monastery.


title: Jenny Clack

paragraphs: Jennifer Alice Clack FRS ("née" Agnew; 3 November 1947 – 26 March 2020) was an English palaeontologist. She is curator at the Cambridge University Museum of Zoology, and Professor of Vertebrate Palaeontology at Cambridge University. Her career is devoted to studying the early evolution of tetrapods.

paragraphs: Lobe-finned fish in the Devonian evolved into tetrapods in a series of transitional fossils. Clack adopted the term "fishapod" to describe these animals. They then colonized the freshwater swamps of the Carboniferous period.

paragraphs: Clack attended Bolton School, one of the oldest schools in Lancashire. She received a BSc in Zoology from the University of Newcastle upon Tyne in 1970. and a PhD in 1984. She also holds a Graduate Certificate in Museum Studies from the University of Leicester and an M.A. and D.Sc. from the University of Cambridge.

paragraphs: In 2006, Clack was awarded a personal chair by the University of Cambridge, taking the title Professor of Vertebrate Palaeontology. In 2008 she was awarded the Daniel Giraud Elliot Medal from the U.S. National Academy of Sciences. She was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 2009.

paragraphs: The fairly complete fossil of "Acanthostega" she discovered in Greenland in 1987 is a transitional, water-bound primitive tetrapod.

paragraphs: In April 2012 she was featured in an episode of the BBC television series "Beautiful Minds", a set of documentaries about scientists who have made important discoveries.

paragraphs: Clack died on 26 March 2020 at the age of 72.


title: Dina Manfredini

paragraphs: Dina Manfredini (née Guerri, 4 April 1897 – 17 December 2012) was an Italian-born American supercentenarian who was, at the time of her death, the oldest person ever born in Europe (if discounting possibly disputed Frenchwoman Jeanne Calment), surpassing the record of Danish-born Christian Mortensen by just five days, as well as the eighth verified person ever.

paragraphs: Manfredini was born in Pievepelago, Modena, Emilia-Romagna. She moved to Des Moines, Iowa in 1920 with her husband Riccardo Manfredini, whom she raised four children with, of whom three were living at the time of her death. She worked in an ammunition factory during World War II and cleaned houses until she was 90. Her husband died at the age of 79 in 1965, when she was 67. After her husband's death she lived alone until moving into a nursing home at the age of 110. Besides four children, she even had seven grandchildren, seven great-grandchildren and twelve great-great-grandchildren.

paragraphs: Manfredini, who became the world's oldest living person after Besse Cooper's death on 4 December 2012, died of natural infection at 9:30am on 17 December 2012, just 13 days later and a week before her successor as the oldest living woman Japanesewoman Koto Okubo's 115th birthday, at age 115 years, 257 days, and was succeeded as the oldest living person by Japaneseman Jiroemon Kimura, who was just 15 days younger, and as the oldest living person in the United States by Gertrude Weaver, who was 15 months younger.


title: Gabriel Abraham Rojas

paragraphs: Gabriel Abraham Rojas or Gabriel Rojas (born 1985 in Mérida, Venezuela) is a Venezuelan athlete.

paragraphs: In 2007, he was 68th in Triathlon World Championship. In 2009, he got the bronze medal in the 16th Bolivarian Games in the sprint and team categories. Those games were played in Tarija region, in the south of Bolivia. In 2011 he was Aquatlon Venezuela Champion.

paragraphs: He currently holds the record in the Hebraic Triathlon (2004) with a time of 1:53:04.


title: Rodney Yano

paragraphs: Rodney Jamus Takahashi Yano (December 13, 1943 – January 1, 1969) was a United States Army soldier. He received the Medal of Honor because of his actions in the Vietnam War.

paragraphs: Yano was born in Hawaii. His grandparents were Japanese immigrant parents. Yano was a "Sansei", which means that he was a third generation Japanese-American.

paragraphs: Yano joined the Army from Honolulu, Hawaii in 1963, When he died in January 1969, he was as a Sergeant First Class in the Air Cavalry Troop, 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment.

paragraphs: He was age 25 at his death. He was buried in the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific, Honolulu, Hawaii.

paragraphs: Yano's Medal of Honor recognized his conduct in fighting in Vietnam in 1969. He grabbed burning ammunition and threw it from the aircraft after being seriously wounded by a grenade explosion aboard a helicopter.

paragraphs: Sfc. Yano distinguished himself while serving with the Air Cavalry Troop. Sfc. Yano was performing the duties of crew chief aboard the troop's command-and-control helicopter during action against enemy forces entrenched in dense jungle. From an exposed position in the face of intense small arms and antiaircraft fire he delivered suppressive fire upon the enemy forces and marked their positions with smoke and white phosphorus grenades, thus enabling his troop commander to direct accurate and effective artillery fire against the hostile emplacements. A grenade, exploding prematurely, covered him with burning phosphorus, and left him severely wounded. Flaming fragments within the helicopter caused supplies and ammunition to detonate. Dense white smoke filled the aircraft, obscuring the pilot's vision and causing him to lose control. Although having the use of only 1 arm and being partially blinded by the initial explosion, Sfc. Yano completely disregarded his welfare and began hurling blazing ammunition from the helicopter. In so doing he inflicted additional wounds upon himself, yet he persisted until the danger was past. Sfc. Yano's indomitable courage and profound concern for his comrades averted loss of life and additional injury to the rest of the crew. By his conspicuous gallantry at the cost of his life, in the highest traditions of the military service, Sfc. Yano has reflected great credit on himself, his unit, and the U.S. Army.

paragraphs: Yano is the namesake of the USNS "Yano" (T-AKR-297), a Shughart class cargo ship. She is a 'roll-on roll-off' non-combat United States Navy designated a "Large, Medium-speed, roll-on/roll-off" (LMSR) ship.

paragraphs: Yano Fitness Center at Camp Zama, Japan and Yano Hall Helicopter Maintenance Facility at Fort Rucker, Alabama are named in his honor.


title: St Edmund's College, Cambridge

paragraphs: St Edmund's College is one of the colleges of the University of Cambridge, England. It only has students who are at least 21 years old. They can be both undergraduates or postgraduates. It was created in 1896 and is named after St Edmund of Abingdon who was an Archbishop of Canterbury.

paragraphs: The college is found northwest of the city of Cambridge. It has about 450 students. At the beginning, it mainly had Roman Catholic students because it was built a short time after they were allowed back again in the University. Now it has a very international feeling. It was only in 1998 that St Edmund's was given full college status. Before, it was only considered a "House of Residence" by the University.

paragraphs: Some important people have studied here, like Georges Lemaître, an astronomer. Sir Martin Evans and Amartya Sen, who both won Nobel Prizes, were Fellows (teachers) here. Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh is a Honorary Fellow.


title: Jonathan Motzfeldt

paragraphs: Jonathan Motzfeldt (25 September 1938 – 28 October 2010) was the first and third Prime Minister of Greenland.


title: Henrikh Mkhitaryan

paragraphs: Henrikh Mkhitaryan (, born 21 January 1989) is an Armenian football player. He current plays for Borussia Dortmund of the German Bundesliga and Armenian national football team and Manchester unitted.


title: First Lieutenant

paragraphs: First lieutenant is a military rank in many armed forces. They are considered commissioned officers and in some militaries an appointment.

paragraphs: The rank of lieutenant has different meanings in different military formations. In the majority of cases it is common for it to be sub-divided into a senior (first lieutenant) and junior (second lieutenant) rank. In navies it may relate to a particular post rather than a rank.

paragraphs: In the United States Army, Air Force, and Marine Corps, a first lieutenant is a junior commissioned officer. It is just above the rank of second lieutenant and just below the rank of captain. It is equivalent to the rank of lieutenant (junior grade) in the other uniformed services.

paragraphs: In the U.S. Navy and Coast Guard, first lieutenant is a position title, instead of a rank. It is held by the officer in command of the deck department. On smaller ships, the first lieutenant holds the rank of lieutenant, junior grade or ensign. On larger vessels, the position is held by a lieutenant or, in the case of extremely large warships such as aircraft carriers, a lieutenant commander or even commander. However, on submarines, where the deck department may only have a few junior sailors, the first lieutenant may be a senior enlisted member, such as a first-class petty officer or chief petty officer.


title: Air Force Instruction

paragraphs: An Air Force Instruction (AFI) is a documented instruction for members of the United States Air Force. It is intended for use by active duty, guard, and reserve members and associated civilians. It is one of many forms of directives published by the Air Force Departmental Publishing Office (AFDPO). In almost all cases, an Air Force Instruction is a form of a general order; and violation of the AFI by an Airman subject to it can be punished under the Uniform Code of Military Justice.


title: Acanthostega

paragraphs: Acanthostega (meaning 'spiny roof') was an extinct fishapod. It was one of the first vertebrates to have recognizable limbs. It appeared in the Upper Devonian about 365 million years ago, and was anatomically intermediate between lobe-finned fishes and the first tetrapods fully capable of coming onto land.

paragraphs: "Acanthostega" had eight digits on each hand linked by webbing, and six digits on the rear legs. It had no wrists to support the animal's weight on land. "Acanthostega" also had a remarkably fish-like shoulder and forelimb. The front foot of "Acanthostega" could not bend forward at the elbow, and so could not bear the full weight of the body. It was suitable for paddling or for holding on to aquatic plants. The animal had lungs, but its ribs were too short to give support to its chest cavity out of water. It had gills which were internal and covered like those of fish, not external and naked like those of some modern aquatic amphibians.

paragraphs: There are many changes that allowed the pelvic girdle of "Acanthostega" to become a weight-bearing structure. In ancestral states the two sides of the girdle were not attached. In "Acanthostega" there in contact between the two sides and fusion of the girdle with the sacral rib of the vertebral column. These fusions would have made the pelvic region more powerful and equipped to counter the force of gravity when not supported by the buoyancy of water.

paragraphs: Therefore, paleontologists think it probably lived in shallow, weed-choked swamps, the legs adapted to some other function than walking on land. Also, there is a change in the arrangement of teeth from previous types. At that period, for the first time, deciduous plants were flourishing and annually shedding leaves into the water, attracting small prey into warm oxygen-poor shallows which were difficult for larger fish to swim in. Both "Ichthyostega" and "Acanthostega" may heve breathed air by sticking their heads above the water in these shallows.

paragraphs: Clack remarks on how the lower jaw of "Acanthostega" shows a change from the jaws of fish. It differs in having a small number of larger teeth in the outer row and smaller teeth in the inner row. Research based on analysis of the skull suggests the species may have bitten directly on prey at or near the water's edge. Markey and Marshall compared the skull with the skulls of fish, which use suction feeding as the main way to catch prey, and creatures known to have used the direct biting typical of terrestrial animals. Their results indicate that "Acanthostega" was adapted for what they call terrestrial-style feeding. This strongly supports the hypothesis that the terrestrial mode of feeding first emerged in aquatic animals. If correct, this shows an animal specialized for hunting and living in shallow waters in the line between land and water. Newer research also indicates that it is possible "Acanthostega" evolved from an ancestor that had more terrestrial adaptations than itself.

paragraphs: fragments of the skull had been discovered in 1933 by Gunnar Säve-Söderbergh and Erik Jarvik. The famous fossil which showed the significance of this species was discovered by Jenny Clack in East Greenland, 1987.

paragraphs: "Acanthostega" is part of widespread evolutionary adaptive radiation in the late Devonian period. It started with purely aquatic finned tetrapodomorphs. Their successors did more air-breathing, had adaptions to the jaws and gills. They had a more muscular neck allowing freer movement of the head than fish have, and used their fins to raise the body of the fish. These features are seeen in the earlier "Tiktaalik", which like the "Ichthyostega" and "Acanthostega" is thought to have been primarily aquatic.


title: Corporal

paragraphs: Corporal is a military rank that is used by most militaries. It is also used by some police forces or other uniformed organizations.

paragraphs: In the United States Army a Corporal is usually a fire team leader or second-in-command of a squad of soldiers. In the United States Marine Corps, Corporal is the rank for a team leader of a squad, machine gun team or the equivalent.

paragraphs: It is equal in grade but senior by job title to specialist in the U.S. Army.


title: Baramulla Tehsil

paragraphs: Baramulla () is a sub-district of Baramulla District in Jammu and Kashmir, India.


title: Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq

paragraphs: General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq (Punjabi, ; August 12, 1924 – August 17, 1988), was a Pakistani general officer and military dictator. He was the sixth President of Pakistan. He was president from 1978 until his death in 1988.

paragraphs: He was born in Jalandhar, Punjab. He died in a plane crash in Bahawalpur Punjab. Before he was president, he was chief martial law administrator from 1977, when martial law had been declared for the third time in the country's history.

paragraphs: His reign is regarded as one of the longest-serving regimes in Pakistan, as he ruled nine years. It was a very cruel and bad time for most Pakistani people. He also helped the United States in fighting against the Soviet Union during the Soviet war in Afghanistan and in the process, he ruined his own country also.


title: Naxalite–Maoist insurgency

paragraphs: The Naxalite–Maoist insurgency is an armed conflict in India. It is being fought between Maoist groups, known as Naxalites or Naxals, and the Indian government.


title: Factor (medicine)

paragraphs: A risk factor in medicine is something that causes, or helps to cause, a medical condition.

paragraphs: For example, smoking or breathing in somebody else's tobacco smoke (called second-hand smoke) is a risk factor for emphysema and lung cancer.

paragraphs: A trigger factor causes the symptoms of a medical condition to begin in a person who already has that medical condition. Example: Smoking or breathing in someone else's smoke can be a trigger factor for asthma. The person already had asthma but the smoke caused an asthma attack.


title: Zig Ziglar

paragraphs: Hilary Hinton "Zig" Ziglar (November 6, 1926 – November 28, 2012) was an American author, historian, salesman, educator, and motivational speaker. He was a supporter for the Republican Party.

paragraphs: Ziglar was born on November 6, 1926 in Coffee County, Alabama. He was raised in Dallas, Texas, in Plano, Texas, and in Yazoo City, Mississippi. Ziglar studied to part of the United States Navy at the V-12 Navy College Training Program. He studied to write at University of South Carolina.

paragraphs: Ziglar was married to Jean Ziglar from 1946 until his death in 2012. They had four children, one of them died in 1995. He had seven grandchildren. Ziglar died on November 28, 2012 in Plano, Texas from pneumonia, aged 86. He is buried in McKinley, Texas.


title: Landman (rank)

paragraphs: Landman (or, in the United States Navy, Landsman) was a military rank given to naval recruits.

paragraphs: In the middle of the 18th century (c.1757) the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom used the term Landman. This referred to a seaman with less than a year's experience at sea. After a year, the Landman was usually promoted to the rank of Ordinary Seaman.

paragraphs: Most were acquired by impressment (a common method of recruitment from c.1700-1815). Landmen were usually between the ages of 16 and 35. While seasoned sailors (who started as Ordinary Seamen) could be impressed up to the ages of 50 to 55 depending on need. In 1853 the practice of impressment ended after the passing of the Continuous Service Act. The rank's title was changed to Apprentice Seaman. The term Landman evolved into a more formal rating for a seaman assigned to unskilled manual labor.

paragraphs: Landsman was the lowest rank of the United States Navy in the 19th and early 20th centuries. It was given to new recruits with little or no experience at sea. Landsmen performed basic unskilled work aboard ship. A Landsman who gained three years of experience or re-enlisted could be promoted to Ordinary Seaman. The rank existed from 1838 to 1921.


title: Ordinary seaman (rank)

paragraphs: Ordinary seaman is a military rank used in naval forces.

paragraphs: The term Ordinary seaman was used in the Royal Navy in the middle of the 18th century. The term was used to refer to a seaman with between one and two years' experience at sea. They showed enough seamanship to be so rated by their captain. A seaman with less than a year's experience was referred to as a landman. A sailor with more than two years' experience was referred to as an able seaman.

paragraphs: Later, the term was formalized as a rating for the lowest normal grade of seaman. They are not trained in any special task. They are required to work at physically hard tasks of great variety. One needs an Ordinary Seaman Certificate to obtain work. One can become an able seaman as a promotion from this position.

paragraphs: Ordinary seaman was the second-lowest rank of the 19th century United States Navy. It ranked above landsman and below seaman. Promotion from landsman to ordinary seaman required three years of experience or re-enlistment. An ordinary seaman who gained six years of experience and knew the name and use of every line in the ship's rigging, could be promoted to seaman. An ordinary seaman's duties aboard ship included "handling and splicing lines, and working aloft on the lower mast stages and yards."

paragraphs: The rank existed from 1797 to 1917, when it was renamed "seaman second class". Seaman second class was later changed to the modern-day rank of seaman apprentice. The related ranks of ordinary seaman second class and ordinary seaman, engineer's force, existed in 1876–1885 and 1871–1883, respectively.

paragraphs: The term "ordinary seaman" is currently used in the Royal Canadian Navy and Irish Naval Forces (who inherited the military ranking structure from the previous generation of Royal Navy, Army, and Air Force ranks.)


title: Lake Tōya

paragraphs: The 2008 G8 Summit was held at Lake Tōya.


title: Staff Sergeant

paragraphs: Staff sergeant is a rank of non-commissioned officer used in several countries.

paragraphs: The originated when they were part of the staff of a British Army regiment. They were paid at that level rather than as a member of a battalion or company.

paragraphs: Staff Sergeant (SSG) is the title of the E-6 rank in the U.S. Army and United States Marine Corps. It is just above Sergeant. It is just below Sergeant First Class in the U.S. Army or Gunnery Sergeant for the Marine Corps. It is a non-commissioned officer.

paragraphs: In the United States Air Force a Staff Sergeant (SSgt) is the title of an E-5. It ranks just above Senior Airman (SrA) and below Technical Sergeant (TSgt). It is the Air Force's first non-commissioned officer (NCO) rank.


title: USS Colorado (1856)

paragraphs: The first USS "Colorado" was a -class, three-masted steam screw frigate. It was launched on 19 June 1856 by the Norfolk Navy Yard. It was sponsored by Ms. N. S. Dornin and commissioned on 13 March 1858. Captain W. H. Gardner was in command.

paragraphs: "Colorado" put to sea from Boston on 12 May 1858. It then cruised into Cuban waters to stop the practice of search by British cruisers until 6 August. She then returned to Boston and was placed in ordinary until 1861.

paragraphs: Returning to New York on 30 May 1876, "Colorado" was placed out of commission on 8 June. From 1876-1884, she was used as a Receiving Ship at New York Navy Yard. She was sold on 14 February 1885 to a private company; and broken up for salvage material and burned for her copper fastenings.


title: Lori Loughlin

paragraphs: Lori Loughlin (born July 28, 1964 in Queens, New York) is an American actress. She acts mostly on television but has acted in some movies. She played Rebecca in the television sitcom "Full House" and Debbie Wilson in "90210". she was played as a cast member in the TV Show "Dream Love".

paragraphs: Loughlin and her husband were among dozens charged by the FBI and U.S. Attorney's Office on March 12, 2019, in a large-scale nationwide college entrance exam cheating scandal.


title: Yamaguchi (name)

paragraphs: Yamaguchi (Japanese: 山口) is a common Japanese surname and the name of a prefecture in Japan. The word means "mountain mouth". Famous people with the name Yamaguchi include:


title: Susan Dey

paragraphs: Susan Dey (December 10, 1952 in Pekin, Illinois) is an American actress. She acts mostly in television programs. She portrayed Laurie Partridge in the series "The Partridge Family" and received a Golden Globe Award for acting as Grace Van Owen in the series "L.A. Law".


title: Nevill Ground

paragraphs: The Nevill Ground is a cricket ground in Royal Tunbridge Wells, Kent. It played host to one One Day International during the 1983 Cricket World Cup, the group stage match between India and Zimbabwe in which Kapil Dev scored 175 not out. The Nevill Ground is recognised in cricket for having rhododendron bushes around the edge of the pitch.


title: Kay Bailey Hutchison

paragraphs: Kay Bailey Hutchison (born July 22, 1943) is an American politician. Hutchison is the 22nd and current United States Permanent Representative to NATO since August 28, 2017. She was the senior Senator from Texas. Hutchison is a member of the U.S. Republican Party. In 2001, she was named one of the thirty most powerful women in America by the "Ladies Home Journal".

paragraphs: On June 29, 2017, Hutchison was nominated to be the next United States Permanent Representative to NATO by Donald Trump. She was confirmed by the Senate in a voice vote on August 3, 2017.


title: Gunner's mate

paragraphs: The United States Navy occupational rating of gunner's mate (GM) is given by the Bureau of Naval Personnel (BUPERS) to enlisted sailors. They must either complete school training or by showing they are familiar with the field of ordnance.

paragraphs: The Gunner's Mate school is held at Naval Training Center Great Lakes, Illinois. The school was originally very hands-on. It is now primarily conducted through self-study computer-based training (CBT). The training focuses on the operation, maintenance, and troubleshooting of Naval guns, missile launchers, and torpedoes. It has a strong emphasis on basic explosives, guidance and tracking systems, small arms, Naval ammunition classification, and safety. Upon completion of this school enlisted members often continue on to a specialized school. At the specialized school they learn a particular weapons system.

paragraphs: A GM will specialize in weapons such as the M500 shotgun, M60 machine gun, M14 rifle, M2 Browning machine gun, M9 pistol, M11 pistol, M16 rifle, M240 machine gun, M203 grenade launcher, M79 grenade launcher, M1911 pistol, M1 Garand, Mk 19 grenade launcher, Mk 18 Mod 0 Carbine Rifle, 5"/54 caliber Mark 45 gun, M242 Bushmaster chain gun, Vertical launching system, Missiles, , pyrotechnics, hand grenades, non-lethal weapons, force protection & anti-terrorism, as well as operating shooting ranges, armories, and the storage and issue of ammunition.


title: Sergeant First Class

paragraphs: Sergeant First Class is a military rank in some military's and other uniformed organizations around the world. It is typically a senior non-commissioned officer.

paragraphs: Sergeant First Class (SFC) is the seventh enlisted rank (E-7) in the U.S. Army. It is above Staff Sergeant and below Master Sergeant and First Sergeant. It is the first senior non-commissioned officer rank.


title: USS Benicia (1868)

paragraphs: USS "Benicia" was a screw sloop in the United States Navy during the late 19th century. She was named for Benicia, California.

paragraphs: "Benicia" was launched 18 August 1868 by Portsmouth Navy Yard as "Algoma". She was renamed "Benicia" on 15 May 1869. It was commissioned 1 December 1869 with Commander S. Nicholson in command.

paragraphs: Between March 1870 and August 1872, "Benicia" served on the Asiatic Station. It took part in Rear Admiral John Rodgers' expedition to Korea (16 May-11 June 1871). During this period Ordinary Seaman John Andrews, Chief Quartermaster Patrick H. Grace and Private Michael McNamara, USMC, received the Medal of Honor.

paragraphs: Following repairs at Mare Island Navy Yard, "Benicia" joined the North Pacific Squadron 6 December 1872. She cruised in Mexican, Central American, and Hawaiian waters and arrived at San Francisco, California on 29 November 1874 carrying King Kalākaua of Hawaii and his suite.

paragraphs: Captain of the Mizzen Top Albert Weisbogel also received the Medal of Honor (his first award) for service on "Benicia", in 1874.

paragraphs: "Benicia" made a cruise to Alaska (11 May-21 July 1875) and was decommissioned at Mare Island 29 November 1875. "Benicia" was sold 3 May 1884.


title: Charles Brown (Medal of Honor)

paragraphs: Corporal Charles Brown (born 1849) received the United States's highest honor for bravery. It is called the Medal of Honor. Corporal Brown was a United States Marine. He was born in New York City. He enlisted in Hong Kong in 1870. The tracking number for his Medal of Honor is number 169. It is dated 8 February 1872. He received the medal for his actions while stationed aboard the USS Colorado.


title: John Coleman (Medal of Honor)

paragraphs: John Coleman (October 9, 1846 – October 30, 1904) was a United States Marine. He received the United States military's highest decoration for bravery. It is called the Medal of Honor. He received it for his actions during the Korean Expedition. He was Irish-born, and received the Medal for saving the life of Boatswain's Mate Alexander McKenzie while under enemy attack on the . His death was the result of a electric tram car accident in San Diego, California. He was buried in Mount Hope Cemetery in San Diego with a headstone depicting his Civil War service. A new marker proudly displaying his the symbol of the Medal of Honor was placed in the Spring of 2018 courtesy of the Medal of Honor Historical Society of the United States.

paragraphs: On board the U.S.S. Colorado in action at Korea on 11 June 1871. Fighting hand-to-hand with the enemy, Coleman succeeded in saving the life of Alexander McKenzie.


title: James Dougherty (Medal of Honor)

paragraphs: James Dougherty (November 16, 1839 – November 25, 1897) was a U.S. Marine in the 1871 Korean Campaign. He received the Medal of Honor for actions during the Korean Expedition. He was serving as a private aboard . His Medal of Honor was issued on February 8, 1872. Private Dougherty was one of fifteen United States sailors and Marines who received the Medal of Honor for this little known American military action.

paragraphs: He is buried in Cypress Hills National Cemetery, Section 6, Grave 12374.

paragraphs: On board the in various actions of that vessel. Wounded several times, Dougherty invariably returned to duty, presenting an example of constancy and devotion to the flag.

paragraphs: There may have been either two James Doughertys awarded the medal during the Korean Expedition. One served on board the "Carondelet", while the other may have served on the . Alternatively, the medals may have been awarded to the same Marine.

paragraphs: The U.S.S. Carondelet does not appear to have served in Korea, raising the possibility that two James Doughertys received the Medal of Honor (on-line resources do not support this point) or that the citation for Private Dougherty's medal refers incorrectly to the U.S.S. Carondelet instead of to another ship (possibly the U.S.S. Benicia) involved in the Korean campaign.


title: Ganghwado

paragraphs: Ganghwa Island is an island in the beginning of the Han River. It is on the west coast of South Korea. Ganghwa Island is separated from Gimpo on the mainland by a narrow channel. The channel is connected by two bridges. The main channel of the Han River separates the island from Gaeseong in North Korea.

paragraphs: About 65,500 people live on the island. With an area of . It covers most of Ganghwa County, a division of Incheon Municipality. About half of the island's population lives in Ganghwa-eup, Ganghwa Town, in the northeastern part of the island. The island's highest point is Mani-san, above sea level. The island measures long and wide, and is the 4th largest island in South Korea.

paragraphs: Historically, it is significant as being the location of separate and brief attacks. One was the French in 1866. Another was the United States in 1871 and the Japanese in 1875 when Korea was emerging from isolation.


title: Selwyn College, Cambridge

paragraphs: Selwyn College is one of the colleges of the University of Cambridge, England. It was created in 1882. It is named after George Selwyn, who was an important bishop and also rowed for Cambridge in the first Boat Race. Today it has about 600 students. Selwyn usually does well in exams, but is also one of the poorest colleges.

paragraphs: At the beginning, the college was for Christian male students only. With time, this changed and women were allowed in 1976, which was quite early compared to other colleges. The college is on Grange Road. It is built in red brick and a Gothic Revival architecture style. The college has a "Snowball" every year. This is like a May Ball, which is a traditional party in Cambridge. Unlike May Balls though, it is in the winter, usually in December.

paragraphs: Some important people have studied here, like Hugh Laurie and Tom Hollander, both actors.


title: A. J. Langer

paragraphs: Allison Joy Langer (born May 22, 1974) is an American TV and movie actress. She acted as Rayanne Graff in the drama show "My So-Called Life". Langer also acted as Erica Warner in the TV show "Private Practice".

paragraphs: She was born in Columbus, Ohio. She moved to the San Fernando Valley with her family at age five.


title: Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge

paragraphs: Sidney Sussex College is one of the colleges of the University of Cambridge, England. It is often just called Sidney by the students. It was created in 1596. It takes its name from Frances Sidney, Countess of Sussex, who gave money to build it. Today it has about 550 students.

paragraphs: It is quite a small college, and it is found in the town centre of Cambridge. Because it is in quite a small area, it has changed little since it was first built. The buildings were made of red brick at the beginning, but then they were covered by cement.

paragraphs: Many important people have studied here:


title: Sexagenary cycle

paragraphs: The sexagenary cycle (六十花甲 "liùshí huājiǎ"), also known as the "stems-and-branches" or "trunks-and-branches" (干支 "gānzhī"), is a traditional Chinese calendar system. It is a list of sixty terms which are used for identifying days or years.

paragraphs: The oldest Chinese system for recording and organizing time uses repeated periods of 60 days.

paragraphs: Ancient records show that the sexagenary cycle was used to count years in the 3rd century B.C.

paragraphs: The repeating series of 60 terms has been an important part of historical calendar systems in East Asia, including China, Japan, Korea, Tibet and Vietnam.

paragraphs: Each term in the sexagenary cycle is made up of two Chinese characters:

paragraphs: Tables show specific years in the context of a repeating sexagenary cycle.


title: Francis B. Wai

paragraphs: Francis Brown Wai (April 14, 1917 – October 20, 1944) was a captain in the United States Army. He received the Medal of Honor for actions during the recapture of the Philippines from Japan in 1944.

paragraphs: When he was young Wai liked to surf and he played several sports in high school and college. He graduated from college with a degree in finance. Although he started planning to work with his father he joined the Hawaii National Guard. He was commissioned a lieutenant. Wai was sent with his unit to fight in World War II. He was killed during the U.S. amphibious assault on Leyte, Philippines.

paragraphs: He was initially presented the Distinguished Service Cross. It is the United States' second highest decoration for valor. After an extensive review of awards in 2000, his medal was upgraded to the Medal of Honor.

paragraphs: , Wai is the only Chinese American and the first Asian-American officer to receive the medal.

paragraphs: Wai was the child of a Native Hawaiian mother and a Chinese father. Growing up, he often surfed with Duke Kahanamoku regarded as the father of surfing. He also surfed with Buster Crabbe who later became an actor. He attended the Punahou School in Honolulu where he earned athletic letters in track, football and baseball. He went to college at the Sacramento Junior College before transferring to UCLA. At UCLA, he was a four sport athlete and graduated in 1939 with a bachelor's degree in Banking and Finance. He intended to work alongside his father in real estate and banking but instead joined the military upon the outbreak of World War II.

paragraphs: After his graduation from college Wai enlisted in the Hawaii National Guard. He was called to active duty before the United States' entrance into World War II. He received a commission as an officer and completed Officer Candidate School in 1941. His commission was rare at a time when few Asian-Americans were allowed to serve in combat leadership roles. He was eventually assigned to the 34th Infantry Regiment of the 24th Infantry Division with the rank of Captain. The 24th Division, based at Schofield Barracks, Oahu, was among the first American units to be involved in the Pacific Theater. They exchanged fire with Japanese aircraft during the December 7, 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor.

paragraphs: In May 1943 Captain Wai deployed to Australia with the 24th Infantry Division. By September 19, 1943 the unit was at Camp Caves, near Rockhampton. It is on the eastern coast of Australia. Wai and the rest of the unit began intensive combat training. With training completed, the division moved to Goodenough Island on January 31, 1944, to prepare for Operation Reckless. That was the name of the amphibious invasion of Hollandia, Netherlands New Guinea (now Jayapura, in the Papua province of Indonesia).

paragraphs: The 24th landed at Tanahmerah Bay on April 22, 1944. They seized the Hollandia Airdrome despite torrential rain and marshy terrain. Shortly after the Hollandia landing, the division's 34th Infantry Regiment moved to Biak. They went to reinforce the 41st Infantry Division. Wai's regiment captured the Sorido and Borokoe airdromes before returning to the division on Hollandia in July. In two months, Wai and his unit had crossed New Guinea and recaptured three airdromes from the Japanese.

paragraphs: After occupying the Hollandia area, Wai was assigned to X Corps of the Sixth United States Army in preparation for the invasion of the Philippines. On October 20, 1944, his division was paired with the 1st Cavalry Division within X Corps. The two divisions made an assault landing at Leyte. When Captain Wai landed at Red Beach, the Japanese forces stationed on the island focused their fire on the waves of incoming troops. The Japanese fired from gun positions in a palm grove in the middle of submerged rice paddies. When Wai arrived on the beach in the fifth wave, he found the soldiers there to be leaderless, disorganized, and pinned down on the open beach. Assuming command, he moved through the rice paddies, without cover. His demeanor and example inspired the other men to follow him. Without thinking of his own personal safety, he moved forward without cover to draw Japanese machine gun and rifle fire. This allowed him to identify the locations of the entrenched Japanese forces. Systematically, the Japanese positions were assaulted and overcome. Wai was killed leading an assault against the last Japanese pillbox in the area. For his actions during the landing on Leyte, Wai was posthumously presented the Distinguished Service Cross. After the war, his remains were interred at the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific in Hawaii. His grave is in section Q, grave 1194.

paragraphs: In 1996 there were allegations of prejudicial treatment of Asian Americans in uniform in World War II. Congress directed Louis Caldera, then Secretary of the Army, to conduct a full review of military records. The review concluded that 22 Asian Americans, including Wai, did not receive full consideration for the Medal of Honor. In 2000 Wai's Distinguished Service Cross was upgraded to the Medal of Honor. Of those whose medals were upgraded, Wai was one of only two who did not belong to the predominantly Japanese American 442nd Regimental Combat Team/100th Infantry Battalion; the other being Rudolph B. Davila of the 7th Infantry. At a White House ceremony June 20, 2000, President Bill Clinton presented the Medal of Honor to 22 Asian Americans whose Distinguished Service Crosses were upgraded to the Medal of Honor.

paragraphs: During the course of his short military career, Wai earned eight awards and decorations.

paragraphs: Captain Francis B. Wai distinguished himself by extraordinary heroism in action, on 20 October 1944, in Leyte, Philippine Islands. Captain Wai landed at Red Beach, Leyte, in the face of accurate, concentrated enemy fire from gun positions advantageously located in a palm grove bounded by submerged rice paddies. Finding the first four waves of American soldiers leaderless, disorganized, and pinned down on the open beach, he immediately assumed command. Issuing clear and concise orders, and disregarding heavy enemy machine gun and rifle fire, he began to move inland through the rice paddies without cover. The men, inspired by his cool demeanor and heroic example, rose from their positions and followed him. During the advance, Captain Wai repeatedly determined the locations of enemy strong points by deliberately exposing himself to draw their fire. In leading an assault upon the last remaining Japanese pillbox in the area, he was killed by its occupants. Captain Wai's courageous, aggressive leadership inspired the men, even after his death, to advance and destroy the enemy. His intrepid and determined efforts were largely responsible for the rapidity with which the initial beachhead was secured. Captain Wai's extraordinary heroism and devotion to duty are in keeping with the highest traditions of military service and reflect great credit on him, his unit, and the United States Army."


title: Christopher Martin-Jenkins

paragraphs: Christopher Dennis Alexander Martin-Jenkins (January 20, 1945 – January 1, 2013) was an English sportcaster, historian, and journalist who broadcast "Test Match Special" on BBC Radio.

paragraphs: Martin-Jenkins was born on 20 January 1945 in Peterborough, England. He studied at Marlborough College and at Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge. He had one son, Robin. Martin-Jenkins died on 1 January 2013 in Rudgwick, West Sussex from lymphoma after being diagnosed a year before, aged 67.


title: James Faulkner

paragraphs: James Sebastian Faulkner (born July 18, 1948) or James Reed Faulkner is an English actor who is known for his roles in "The Bank Job", "Bridget Jones's Diary", "", "", and in "Zulu Down".

paragraphs: Faulkner was born on July 18, 1948 in Hampstead, London, England. He is married to Kate Faulkner. They had two sons, Guy and Leo Faulkner. He now lives in London, England.


title: Luge

paragraphs: Luge is a Winter Olympics sport. It is similar to the bobsleigh, but faster and more dangerous. At the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, a Georgian athlete was killed in practice after several complaints that the track was too fast.


title: Illeana Douglas

paragraphs: Illeana Douglas (born July 25, 1965, Massachusetts) is an American actress. She has appeared in many movies and television programs. She was in the 1991 remake movie "Cape Fear". She also acted in the television sitcom "Ugly Betty".


title: Frederick Franklin

paragraphs: Frederick Franklin (1840–1873) was a United States Navy sailor. He received the Medal of Honor for actions during the 1871 Korean Campaign.

paragraphs: Frederick H. Franklin was born in 1840 in Portsmouth, New Hampshire.

paragraphs: Along with Bosun's Mate Alexander MacKenzie, Marine Private John Coleman, Ordinary Seaman Samuel F. Rogers and fellow Quartermaster William Troy in the attempt to save the life of Lieutenant Hugh McKee. Mckee was mortally wounded in the action. Lieutenant McKee was not eligible for the medal as an officer.

paragraphs: He is buried in Proprietors' Cemetery Portsmouth, New Hampshire.

paragraphs: On board the U.S.S. Colorado during the attack and capture of the Korean forts on 11 June 1871. Assuming command of Company D, after Lt. McKee was wounded, Franklin handled the company with great credit until relieved.


title: John J. Pershing

paragraphs: General of the Armies John Joseph "Black Jack" Pershing (September 13, 1860 – July 15, 1948), was a general officer in the United States Army. He led the American Expeditionary Forces in World War I. Pershing is the only person to be promoted in his own lifetime to the highest rank ever held in the United States Army. The rank is known as General of the Armies. ( promoted George Washington to the same rank but with higher seniority). Pershing holds the first United States officer service number (O-1). He was regarded as a mentor by the generation of American generals who led the United States Army in Europe during World War II. These include George C. Marshall, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Omar N. Bradley, and George S. Patton.


title: Narcissistic personality disorder

paragraphs: Narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) is a personality disorder in which the person is obsessed with (spends a lot of time thinking about) themselves. They think they're better and more important than anyone else, and want to be treated as special. It is more common in men than women.

paragraphs: It is named after "Narcissus", a figure in Greek mythology who fell in love with his own reflection.

paragraphs: In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, NPD is defined as "habitual grandiosity (showing off), need for admiration and lack of empathy". The way of thinking and behavior must have begun by early adulthood and be present in a many situations. At least five of these nine traits must be present:


title: Specialist (rank)

paragraphs: Specialist (abbreviated "SPC") is one of the four junior enlisted ranks in the U.S. Army. It is just above Private First Class and equivalent in pay grade to Corporal. Unlike Corporals, Specialists are not considered junior non-commissioned officers (NCOs).

paragraphs: On 1 July 1955 four grades of Specialist were established. The first was Specialist Three (E-4). It is the only one that still exists. It was changed to Specialist Four in 1958. Specialist Two (E-5), Specialist One (E-6), and Master Specialist (E-7) were also created in 1955. These were all eventually replaced with other titles. In 1958 the DoD added two more pay grades. This gave enlisted soldiers more opportunities to progress to a full career. These were Specialist Eight (E-8) and Specialist Nine (E-9) which were abolished in 1968. All except SP4 were abolished in 1984 when SP4 was renamed as "Specialist" and abbreviated as "SPC".


title: 442nd Infantry Regiment (United States)

paragraphs: The 442nd Regimental Combat Team () of the United States Army was a regimental size fighting unit. It was composed almost entirely of American soldiers of Japanese descent. These men volunteered to fight in World War II even though their families were subject to internment. The 442nd, beginning in 1944, fought primarily in Europe during World War II. The 442nd was a self-sufficient force. It fought with uncommon distinction in Italy, southern France, and Germany. The 442nd is considered to be the most decorated infantry regiment in the history of the United States Army. The 442nd was awarded eight Presidential Unit Citations and twenty-one of its members were awarded the Medal of Honor for World War II. The 442nd Regimental Combat Team motto was, "Go for Broke".


title: Rex Reed

paragraphs: Rex Taylor Reed (born October 2, 1938) is an American movie critic, journalist, actor, and was the co-host for "At the Movies". He worked for the New York Observer. He appeared as himself in the 1978 movie "Superman".

paragraphs: Reed was born on October 2, 1938 in Fort Worth, Texas. He was raised in New York City, New York. He now lives in Manhattan, New York City, New York. He is good friends with Liz Smith.


title: Joe Morgenstern

paragraphs: Joe Morgenstern (born October 3, 1932) is an American Pulitzer Prize-winning movie critic, historian, and journalist for the Wall Street Journal.

paragraphs: Morgenstern was born on October 3, 1932 in Matamoras, Pennsylvania. He was raised in New York City, New York. He studied at Lehigh University. He was married to Piper Laurie from 1962 until they divorced in 1982. They had one daughter. He now lives in New York City, New York.


title: Vincent Canby

paragraphs: Vincent Canby (July 27, 1924 – October 15, 2000) was an American movie critic, historian, and journalist who is known for being the critic for "The New York Times".

paragraphs: Canby was born on July 27, 1924 in Chicago, Illinois. He was raised in New York City, New York. He studied at Dartmouth College. He was never married. Canby died on October 15, 2000 in Manhattan, New York City, New York from cancer, aged 76.


title: Jonathan Rosenbaum

paragraphs: Jonathan Rosenbaum (born February 27, 1943) is an American movie critic, journalist, and historian. He worked for the "Chicago Reader" until his retirement in 2008 at age 65.

paragraphs: Rosenbaum was born on February 27, 1943 in Florence, Alabama. He was raised in Chicago, Illinois. He studied at The Putney School and at Bard College. He was never married. He now lives in Chicago, Illinois.


title: Jane Kaczmarek

paragraphs: Jane Kaczmarek (born December 21, 1955, Milwaukee, Wisconsin) is an American actress who acted as Lois in "Malcolm in the Middle". She has acted on other television series, particularly sitcoms.


title: Mike Awesome

paragraphs: Michael Lee Alfonso (January 24, 1965 – February 17, 2007) was an American professional wrestler best known for wrestling with Extreme Championship Wrestling, World Championship Wrestling and the WWF/WWE best known under the ring name Mike Awesome.

paragraphs: During his time with ECW, he won the ECW World Heavyweight Championship two times and the ECW World Tag Team Championship one time with Raven.

paragraphs: He joined WCW in 2000 and started his "Career Killer" gimmick when he threw Chris Kanyon off the top of the first level of a triple cage and he landed on the entrance ramp. His gimmick was somewhat changed and he started calling himself "The Fat Chick Thrilla" after his heavy women. He would later change his gimmick once again and was known as "That '70s Guy" Mike Awesome which was a reference to That '70s Show. As The '70s Guy, he would dress up in different 1970s inspired outfits and also hosted an interview segment called the "Lava Lamp Lounge". He also used to drive a bus which was painted like the bus in The Partridge Family into arenas for his entrance. He also feuded with Vampiro and Insane Clown Posse members Violent J and Shaggy 2 Dope.

paragraphs: He became part of The Invasion storyline and debuted on WWE television when he attacked Rhyno with a metal pipe after Rhyno defeated Test for the Hardcore Championship. After he attacked Rhyno, he powerbombed him onto a ladder and pinned him to become Hardcore Champion because of the 24/7 rule. He become the first member of the Invaders to win a title in the WWF but he finally lost the title when he was pinned by Jeff Hardy on SmackDown!. He was later assigned to appear on WWE Velocity where he jobbed before being released on September 27, 2002. He later said in the book, "The Death of WCW", that "Being in the WWE (formerly the WWF) sucked. I hated it. You had to kiss everybody's ass... You had to be on your political toes all the time. You would not believe the backstage politics. You were getting stabbed in the back constantly. I was so happy when I was told I was gone [fired]."

paragraphs: He left the WWE and appeared on the independent circuit for five years before retiring from professional wresting in February 2006 to spend more time with his family.

paragraphs: He was found hanged in his Tampa home by a group of his friends on February 17, 2007.


title: Kenneth Turan

paragraphs: Kenneth Turan (born October 27, 1946) is an American movie critic, journalist, historian, and radio personality. He has worked for the "Los Angeles Times" since 1991.

paragraphs: Turan was born on October 27, 1946 in Brooklyn, New York. He studied at Swarthmore College and at Columbia University. Turan is not married and has no children. He now lives in Los Angeles, California.


title: Steven Rea

paragraphs: Steven Rea or Steven X. Rea is a British-born American movie critic, journalist, historian, writer, and poet. He writes for the "Philadelphia Inquirer".

paragraphs: Rea was born in London, England. He was raised in New York City. Rea studied at Stuyvesant High School, at San Francisco State University, and at the University of Iowa. He is married. He lives in Los Angeles, California and in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.


title: Michael Phillips (critic)

paragraphs: Michael Phillips (born 1961) is an American movie critic, journalist, and historian who works as a critic for the "Chicago Tribune". His influences include Roger Ebert and Gene Siskel.

paragraphs: Phillips was born in 1961 in Kenosha, Wisconsin. He was raised in Racine, Wisconsin. He studied at the University of Minnesota. He now lives in Chicago, Illinois.


title: Ansbertus

paragraphs: Ansbertus, Ansbert or Ausbert was a Frankish nobleman and politician. His wife, Billihild, claimed to be the daughter of Charibert I, Merovingian King of Paris, and granddaughter of Chlothar I Magnus. Ansbert was the father of Arnoald of Mez and grandfather of Doda of Mez.


title: Colin Covert

paragraphs: Colin Covert is an American movie critic, historian, and journalist. He worked as a critic for the "Minneapolis Star Tribune". In December 2018, Covert resigned from the "Tribune" after he was accused of plagiarism.

paragraphs: Covert was born in Elizabeth, New Jersey. He studied at Macalester College. He was raised in Minnesota. Covert now lives in Minneapolis, Minnesota.


title: Curriculum

paragraphs: A curriculum (plural: curricula) is a program of study. It is used to plan teaching or training. It spells out the details so others can know what is going to happen:

paragraphs: Today it usually means the courses, their content, and the coursework offered at a school or university. Often, curricula are backed by some kind of theory, or by intending to change what was done before. Curricula may be backed by textbooks and by courses to train teachers. The study of curricula is part of most qualifications for teachers.

paragraphs: A similar word is syllabus, which means a summary of topics which will be covered during an academic course, or book or lecture. Another term is discipline, which in this sense means an academic subject-matter.

paragraphs: Historically, curricula have done more than act as a background for syllabi and examinations. They have discussed the basis of teaching by taking account of:

paragraphs: The four questions asked by Tylor in his introductory text are generally regarded as fundamental:

paragraphs: There are no hard-and-fast rules for answering those questions. There have always been different theories of education which are based on different attitudes to education and to life itself. Roughly speaking, these theories have two opposite ends. At one end is child-centered education. This is concerned to adapt the teaching to the needs and development of individual children, and is most used in kindergarten and primary education. The other end is society-oriented. It aims to make sure society gets a steady supply of young adults able to fill the jobs and roles which society needs to be filled. In some countries the approach would be more religion-oriented. This would aim to produce young adults whose main aim is to live according to the precepts (beliefs, practices) of a particular religion.

paragraphs: A term sometimes used to describe what a critic thinks is really going on in an educational system. It means the unspoken beliefs and values of an institution, the implicit demands of behavour and respect. In a school subject-matter is taught, but much else is going on.


title: Otto I the Illustrious

paragraphs: Otto I of Saxony and Otto the Illustrious (ca. 841 - 30 November 912) was a German Saxon noble. He was Duke of Saxony. He was the father of Henry I the Fowlers and grandfather of Otto I the Great. He was also father-in-law of Zwentibold, Carolingian King of Lotharingia.

paragraphs: Otto was born between 830-841, and was one of the sons of Liudolf, Duke of Saxony, and Gisela, the daughter of Everhart Friuli and Geslea of Franks. Otto's uncle was Berengar I of Italy. His paternal ancestor was an old chief of Saxony.

paragraphs: Otto was a powerful noble of Saxony and Eastern Germany for a long time. His sister Liutgard was married to King Louis the Younger. Around the 890s, his daughter Oda married Zwentibold, King of Lotharingia.

paragraphs: In 911, the East Frankish King Louis the Child died without any children. German nobles said that Otto should be crowned as king, but he declined (said no) because of his old age (he was around 70 at that point). He instead recommended Conrad to Franken, his powerful political rival. In 918, his son Henry I the Fowler was appointed as King.


title: Rachel Ward

paragraphs: Rachel Claire Ward (born 12 September 1957) is an English movie and television performer who starred in movies like "Dead Men Don't Wear Plaid" and "Night School". She also starred in the television miniseries "The Thorn Birds".


title: Trinity Hall, Cambridge

paragraphs: Trinity Hall is one of the colleges of the University of Cambridge, England. It is often just called Tit Hall by the students. It was created in 1350 and it is the fifth oldest college. It takes its name from the Holy Trinity.

paragraphs: The money to build the college was given by William Bateman, the Bishop of Norwich. He wanted to build a new centre for studying canon law and civil science. This was because the Black Death had killed many priests. Today, it has about 600 students. The college is found next to the river Cam. In 1999, the Jerwood Library was built. It became quite famous in Cambridge because it is a beautiful building by the river.

paragraphs: Many important people have studied at Trinity Hall, for example:

paragraphs: There also many British rowers that have studied at Trinity Hall and won medals at the Olympics. This is because the college has a very good boat club, where students can play this sport.


title: Wolfson College, Cambridge

paragraphs: Wolfson College is one of the 31 Colleges of the University of Cambridge, England. The College admits mature students, who are 21 years or older, for both undergraduate and postgraduate courses.

paragraphs: The College was founded in 1965 as University College. The name was changed to Wolfson College on 1 January 1973, following a major donation from the Wolfson Foundation, a charity. Today there are more than 900 students at the College with approximately 70% coming from overseas. The College is located on Barton Road, which is about a mile to the west of Cambridge city centre.


title: Comenius

paragraphs: Comenius (28 March 1592 – 15 November 1670) was a 17th-century Czech bishop, and an innovator in education. His name is spelt differently in almost every language. In English it is John Amos Comenius, but he is usually called just 'Comenius'.

paragraphs: Comenius is famous for arguing for universal literacy, and inventing the idea of a modern textbook which used pictures as well as prose to get its message across. Comenius also tried to design a language in which false statements could not be written.

paragraphs: There are about 16 works, with many translations and versions.