title: The Substitute (Glee)

paragraphs: "The Substitute" is the seventh episode of the second season of the American television series "Glee". It was the 29th episode of the entire series. The episode was directed by Ryan Murphy and written by Ian Brennan. It was first broadcast on FOX on November 16, 2010. The episode was watched by 11.70 million people in the United States. It was the top scripted show among adults aged 18–49 for the week it was broadcast. The episode guest stars Gwyneth Paltrow as Holly Holliday. She is a substitute teacher who does Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison) job as glee club director while he is sick. Cheerleading coach Sue Sylvester (Jane Lynch) becomes principal of William McKingley High School, and glee club members Mercedes Jones (Amber Riley) and Kurt Hummel (Chris Colfer) start to feel stress in their growing friendship.

paragraphs: The episode includes cover versions of six songs. These songs got mixed reviews from music and television journalists. The cover version of Cee Lo Green's "Forget You" and mash-up of "Singin' in the Rain" with Rihanna's "Umbrella" was given good reviews. Both covers' charted on the "Billboard" Hot 100. Paltrow's guest appearance was given positive reviews. The sub-plots of the episode did not get good reviews. Aly Semigran of MTV, Robert Canning of IGN and "Entertainment Weekly"s Tim Stack all thought that "The Substitute" is the best episode of the season. "Time"s James Poniewozik said that the episode was an "okay" episode. Todd VanDerWerff of The A.V. Club said it was better than the previous two episodes. The National Alliance on Mental Illness gave positive reviews for the episode's definition of bipolar disorder. Paltrow won the 2011 Primetime Emmy Award for "Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series" for her acting.

paragraphs: Cheerleading coach Sue Sylvester (Jane Lynch) is given the job of being the principal of William McKinley High School. She was given the job after causing Principal Figgins (Iqbal Theba) to be infected with the flu. Glee club director Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison) also gets the flu. He takes time off from work to get better. He is cared for by his ex-wife Terri (Jessalyn Gilsig). This leads to them sleeping together.

paragraphs: Glee club co-captain Rachel Berry (Lea Michele) tries to take over for Will. This results in problems. At the request of Kurt Hummel (Chris Colfer), club lessons are taught by substitute teacher Holly Holliday (Gwyneth Paltrow). She has different ways of doing things. These include talking about Lindsay Lohan's rehabilitation in Spanish, singing "Conjunction Junction" to her English class, and pretending to be a bipolar Mary Todd Lincoln for the History class. When Holly first goes to glee club rehearsal, she does a cover of Cee Lo Green's "Forget You". The group likes her performance. Rachel is annoyed. She is worried that Holly may not be able to get them ready for the Sectionals competition. Holly later wins over Rachel by "duetting" with her on "Nowadays/Hot Honey Rag" from the musical "Chicago".

paragraphs: Kurt rejects his best friend Mercedes Jones (Amber Riley) in favor of his new friend Blaine Anderson (Darren Criss). Mercedes does not like it when Kurt tries to set her up on a date with a football player because they are both black. She also feels left out when she comes with Kurt and Blaine to dinner. This is because the conversation is mostly about gay issues and icons. When Sue starts a healthy eating program and says people can not eat "Potater Tots", Mercedes starts a student protest. She also puts Tots in the tailpipe of Sue's car. This causes $17,000 worth of damage.

paragraphs: Sue's program becomes popular with the students' parents. Her job as principal is made permanent, and she fires Will. Will is later visited by Holly who is looking for help. Holly does not think she is doing a good job as a teacher. She thinks this because she caused Mercedes to act the way she did. She tells him that, at first, she took her work seriously. She changed when a student (Lindsay Sims-Lewis) hit her in the face. Because of being hit, she chose to be more laid-back. Terri arrives while they are talking. She gets mad because Holly is there. Will asks Terri to leave. He tells her her that their "reunion" was a mistake and he ends their relationship.

paragraphs: Kurt confronts Mercedes. He tells her that she may be substituting food for love and their friendship for a romantic relationship. Mercedes decides to talk to the student who Kurt tried to set her up with. As she leaves, school bully Dave Karofsky (Max Adler) approaches Kurt. He tells Kurt that he will kill him if Kurt tells people that he is gay. At the request of the glee club members, Sue makes Will the director again. He suggests a group performance of "Singin' in the Rain". Will asks Holly to help them make it modern. They end up with a mash-up with Rihanna's "Umbrella" song.

paragraphs: "The Substitute" is Paltrow's first ever scripted-show guest performance. The role of Holly was created for her by show creator Ryan Murphy. Murphy suggested that she show her vocal and dancing talent before the December 2010 release of the movie "Country Strong". In this movie, Paltrow plays a country singer. In September 2010, BBC News said that she would be in two more episodes of "Glee". E! Online's Kristen dos Santos said that Holly would become a love interest for Will in the episode. Murphy later said that Holly's appearance would create a "love quadrangle" between herself, Will, guidance counselor (a counselor and an educator who helps students with problems they are dealing with in school by giving positive advice.) Emma Phillsbury (Jayma Mays) and her boyfriend Carl Howell (John Stamos). Fancast later said that Paltrow's guest appearance had been shorten to a single episode. They also said that neither Mays and Stamos were in "The Substitute". After the episode was done filming, Murphy stated that both he and Paltrow hoped that she would appear on "Glee" again in the future. This would depend on a storyline that best fit with her character Holly. In December 2010, Paltrow said that she would return to the series for another episode. A month later, Murphy said she would be on the series again as a sex education teacher. Paltrow won the 2011 Primetime Emmy Award for "Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series" for her work in "The Substitute".

paragraphs: "The Substitute" includes a short "fantasy" moment. In it, Will sees the club members as kindergarten-aged children. Child actors were used to act out as the characters' younger selves. These included Jake Vaughn and Lauren Boles as young Finn and Rachel. The episode also includes the return of Gilsig. Gilsig had not been in several episodes of "Glee". Gilsig believed that Will's sickness let viewers see the couple in a positive relationship for the first time. She also thought that the addition of Holly "highlighted" a special bonding in their relationship. She said that while Terri is not "the most pleasant person", she is at least faithful to Will, while he has "a wandering eye" (has interest in another women) and treats Terri badly in "The Substitute". The main characters in this episode include glee club members Mike Chang (Harry Shum, Jr.) and Sam Evans (Chord Overstreet), Principal Figgins, school bully Dave Karofsky, cheerleader Becky Jackson (Lauren Potter), wrestler Lauren Zizes (Ashley Fink) and Kurt's friend Blaine Anderson.

paragraphs: "The Substitute" includes cover versions of six songs. Paltrow performs on four of these. She recorded them all in one day. The songs she recorded were "Conjunction Junction" from Schoolhouse Rock!, and a clean version of Cee Lo Green's "Fuck You!" entitled "Forget You". The producers of the series had wanted Paltrow to sing a Coldplay song. They chose to not do this. They wanted to use the song for a competition episode of "Glee". Morrison and Shum, Jr. sang a duet version of "Make 'Em Laugh" from the musical "Singin' in the Rain". Paltrow and Michele did a duet on "Nowadays / Hot Honey Rag" from the musical "Chicago". Morrison and Paltrow performed a mash-up of "Singin' in the Rain" with "Umbrella" by Rihanna featuring Jay-Z. The cast had to spend twelve hours filming for the mash-up in a tank of water.

paragraphs: All of the songs performed except "Conjunction Junction" were released as digital download singles. "Forget You" is featured on the soundtrack album "Glee: The Music, Volume 4" (2011). "Forget You" and "Singing in the Rain / Umbrella" charted both on the "Billboard" Hot 100 and internationally. "Forget You" peaked at number eleven in the US and number twelve in Canada. "Singing in the Rain / Umbrella" peaked at number ten in Ireland. Green's "Fuck You!" entered the top ten of the Hot 100 for the first time after the Glee cover. His sales increased 94% in a week.

paragraphs: When "The Substitute" was first broadcast on FOX, it was watched by 11.70 million US viewers. It had a 5.0/14 Neilsen rating/share in the 18-49 demographic group. This helped the episode to become the top-rated program of the night for adults aged 18–49. In the weekly rankings, the episode was the top scripted program for adults 18-49. Overall, it placed twentieth for the second season. Views and ratings were both better than the previous episode, "Never Been Kissed". It was watched by 10.99 million viewers and had a 4.6/13 rating/share. In Canada, viewership was also better than the last episode. It was watched by 2.29 million viewers and ranked ninth for the week. The last episode had 1.97 million viewers and ranked twelfth. In Australia, the episode was watched by 1.06 million viewers. This made "Glee" the seventh most-watched program of the night and nineteenth of the week. In the UK, the episode was watched by 2.55 million viewers-2.11 million on E4, and 439,000 on E4+1. It was the most-watched show on cable for that week.

paragraphs: The music performances got mixed feedback from music and television journalist. Anthony Benigno of the "Daily News" gave "Conjunction Junction" an "A". He had noticed the "ordinarily" (in a normal way) of the song. Benigno did not give a review for the song because of its short length. He only said "what a glorious ten seconds it is". Benigno and Poniewozik criticized "Forget You" for not having any profanity that was in the original recording. Poniewozik liked Paltrow's "deeper voice". He gave her cover a "A". Benigno liked the original version better. "Rolling Stone"s Erica Futterman believed the "clean version" of the song did not affect its success. She said that it was "charming and sassy". Megan Vick of "Billboard" called it "the most exciting number (song)" of the episode. Stack gave the song an "A+". He also said it was "one of the most memorable and energetic "Glee" performance(s) ever, thank in no small part to Paltrow". Green told MTV that we was "flattered" by the cover, mostly because he did not know Paltrow would perform it after he was allowed to be in the audience watching the episode filming. He called her performance "great". He also said that he did not know that she could sing.

paragraphs: Benigno and Stack gave a good review for the choreography of "Make 'Em Laugh". They gave it a "B" and "B+". These were lower grades than they gave "Forget You". Vick said that "Glee" covers songs from musicals to often introduce classic songs to viewers in a more modern way. He felt that "Make 'Em Laugh" did not do this. The "Chicago" cover did not get a positive review from many critics. Futterman, "The Wall Street Journal"s Raymund Flandez and "The Atlantic"s Patrick Burns all believed the choreography was "lacking". Kevin Fallon said that "Glee" should not be "overusing recreations". He said that they had done this in other episodes. These included "The Power of Madonna", "Britney/Brittany" and "The Rocky Horror Glee Show". Todd VanDerWerff of the "A.V. Club" said he did not like the performances. He said they were "outright plagiarism", not an homage (in respect)" to the original artist.

paragraphs: For the song "Singin' in the Rain/ Umbrella", Benigno and Futterman compared the songs as a better mash-up than the previous episode's mash-up. Benigno gave the cover a "B". He said that by using "Singin' in the Rain" as the chorus, the song lacked "catharsis". This was also seen by Flandez. He gave positive reviews on the costumes, props and staging, but had hoped that the cover had more "bite" and "attitude". Futterman said it was a "buoyant (cheerful) and catchy homage to the old and the new [that] perfectly captures "Glee"s musical spirit". Vick felt the song could not compare to the previous episode's mash-ups. She believed the staging was "implausible" (not believable). Stack wrote that he loved the mash-up. He gave it an "A-". Amy Reiter of the "Los Angeles Times" liked the choreography.


title: S Club 8

paragraphs: S Club 8 were a British pop group. They formed in 2001 in London as "S Club Juniors". They released their first single and album in 2002. They were renamed in 2003 and split in 2005.

paragraphs: Its members were: Jay Asforis (born 1989), Daisy Evans (born 1989), Calvin Goldspink (born 1989), Stacey McClean (born 1989), Aaron Renfree (born 1987), Hannah Richings (born 1990), Frankie Sandford (born 1989) and Rochelle Wiseman (born 1989).


title: Ian Brennan

paragraphs: Ian Brennan is a television writer, actor, and producer. Brennan is known mostly for creating the FOX television series, "Glee". He has written "all of the episodes" along with two other colleagues. Brennan's first written television series was "Growing" in 2006. He has also been in several theater performances since 1999.

paragraphs: He was nominated for two 2010 Writers Guild of America Awards for "Glee".


title: David Fincher

paragraphs: David Andrew Leo Fincher (born August 28, 1962) is an American movie director.

paragraphs: Fincher was born in Denver, Colorado. When he was two, he moved to San Anselmo, California. When he was in his teens, he moved to Ashland, Oregon.

paragraphs: He directed "Alien 3", "Seven", "The Game", "Fight Club", "Panic Room", "Zodiac", "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button", "The Social Network" , "The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo and Gone Girl". He won a Golden Globe Award and a BAFTA Award for directing The Social Network. He also directed the first 2 episodes for the TV show "house of cards"

paragraphs: He has also directed music videos, including Love Is Strong by The Rolling Stones, which won a Grammy Award.


title: Sisyphus

paragraphs: Sisyphus (, "Sísyphos") was a legendary person in Greek mythology.

paragraphs: According to the ancient story, Sisyphus was forced to roll a big rock up a hill, but it rolled back down and the task was never finished. He was forced to repeat this over and over again forever.The word "Sisyphean", which relates to a task which is undertaken with great effort but is ultimately pointless, is derived from the myth.


title: Dangerous Minds

paragraphs: Dangerous Minds is a 1995 American drama movie starring Michelle Pfeiffer. It is set in California. Its subjects include gangs, teenage pregnancy, poetry and school problems.

paragraphs: Pfeiffer portrays LouAnne Johnson, a former U.S. Marine on whose novel this drama is based. Most of the students in this urban melodrama are African American and Hispanic adolescents.

paragraphs: "Dangerous Minds" was released August 11, 1995. It had mixed critical reception though was a strong box office hit. In 1996 a television series of the same name premiered, though it was short lived.

paragraphs: The soundtrack and its lead single 'Gangsta's Paradise' enjoyed major success. It received nominations for the Grammy Award for Record of the Year and the NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Soundtrack Album. Coolio won the Grammy Award for Best Rap Solo Performance for his vocals.


title: Cherokee County, Alabama

paragraphs: Cherokee County, Alabama is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama. It is named for the Cherokee tribe. As of 2010 the population was 25,989. Its county seat is Centre. It is a prohibition or dry county which means alcoholic drinks cannot be sold.

paragraphs: Cherokee County was formed by European Americans on January 9, 1836. The county was created on territory of the Cherokee Nation.

paragraphs: The Cherokee were forceably removed by the US government in what was known as the Trail of Tears in 1838. Cherokee County was created by the Alabama legislature on 1836 January 9 following the Treaty of New Echota, 1835 December 29. The Cherokee people did not accept the Treaty because the people who signed were not authorized.

paragraphs: An F4 tornado struck here on Palm Sunday March 27, 1994. It destroyed Goshen United Methodist Church twelve minutes after the National Weather Service of Birmingham issued a tornado warning for northern Calhoun, southeastern Etowah, and southern Cherokee counties. 22 people were killed, including the groom's 4-year-old daughter.

paragraphs: According to the 2000 census, the county has a total area of . (or 92.19%) is land and (or 7.81%) is water.


title: John Mills

paragraphs: Sir John Mills CBE (born Lewis Ernest Watts Mills, 22 February 1908 - 23 April 2005) was a British actor.

paragraphs: He was born in North Elmham, Norfolk. His sister was entertainer Annette Mills (1894-1955).

paragraphs: He was married to actress Aileen Raymond (1910-2005) from 1927 until they divorced in 1941. He was married to actress Mary Hayley Bell (1911-2005) from 1941 until his death. The couple had two daughters, actresses Juliet Mills (born 1941) and Hayley Mills (born 1946) and a son, Jonathan Mills (born 1949).

paragraphs: Mills was knighted in 1976. His autobiography was published in 1980. He died in Denham, Buckinghamshire.


title: Seven islands of Bombay

paragraphs: The seven islands of Bombay are a group of islands very close to each other. Together, they make up the city of Bombay/Mumbai.


title: Ganbaru

paragraphs: , also romanized as gambaru, is a widely-used Japanese cultural concept. It roughly means to slog on or stick to it through tough times. "Ganbaru" implies a kind of hard work which is defined by Japanese culture.

paragraphs: The word "Ganbaru" is often translated to mean "doing one’s best". In practice, it means doing more than one's best. The word emphasizes working with continued effort despite difficulties, failure, or distraction. The term means "toughing it out".

paragraphs: "Ganbaru" means to commit fully to a task and to bring that task to an end.

paragraphs: "Ganbaru" means an active process of doing something. It contrasts with a passive process.

paragraphs: The term "ganbaru" developed from the related concept of "gaman".

paragraphs: After the 1995 Kobe earthquake, the slogan ""Gambaro Kobe"" was used to encourage the people of the Kobe region.

paragraphs: After the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, "ganbaru" was one of the most commonly heard expressions.


title: Ryan Murphy

paragraphs: Ryan Murphy (born November 9, 1965) is an American screenwriter, director and producer. He is the creator of the television series "Nip/Tuck" and "Glee". Murphy also made the WB network series "Popular", which aired from 1999-2001. As of 2011, some movies he will direct are underworks.

paragraphs: Murphy is a graduate of Warren Central High School in Indianapolis, Indiana. He also went to Indiana University in Bloomington, Indiana.

paragraphs: Murphy is openly gay. Murphy says he sometimes goes to church in Los Angeles.


title: Matthew Morrison

paragraphs: Matthew James Morrison (born: October 30, 1978 in California) is an American television, movie and musical theater actor. He is best known for his role in the television series "Glee". After attending theater camp during his childhood, he decided that he wanted to become an actor. He was educated at New York University (NYU) Tisch School of the Arts. Being a member of boy bands like LMNT and Fresh Step, he made his musical theater transition into similarly styled shows.

paragraphs: He had minor roles in "Footloose" as well as the revival of the Rocky Horror Show. His big break came when he landed the role of Link Larkin in the Broadway production of John Waters' Hairspray. Morrison was nominated for a Tony award for his role in "The Light in the Piazza".

paragraphs: Morrison's debut album "Matthew Morrison" peaked at number 24 on the Billboard 200. It also peaked at number 61 on the Australian Albums Chart, and number 63 on the UK Albums Chart.


title: Amber Riley

paragraphs: Amber Patrice Riley (born February 15, 1986) is an American actress, singer-songwriter, and philanthropist, known for her role on the series "Glee" as Mercedes Jones. She has also appeared as the daughter of "Dirk Black" in the American Black comedy "All of Us". At the age of seventeen, Riley auditioned for "American Idol" but was turned down by the producers. Most of her cover versions have appeared on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.

paragraphs: Riley is a Democrat and attended the 2012 Democratic National Convention. In the convention, Riley sang the national anthem, "The Star Spangled Banner".


title: Adhesion

paragraphs: Adhesion is the process in which dissimilar particles stick together. In the case of similar particles, this effect is called cohesion. Adhesion results from the physical properties of the interface between two phases. The forces that result in adhesion are not fully known, there are different explanations. Five different types of adhesion have been proposed:


title: Time Inc.

paragraphs: Time Inc. is a subsidiary media company of Time Warner. It publishes several of the most read magazines in the United States such as "People", "Time", "Sports Illustrated", "Fortune", "InStyle", "Life", "GOLF Magazine", "Southern Living", "Essence", "This Old House", "All You" and "Entertainment Weekly". It publishes 130 magazines and was founded on November 28, 1922 in New York City.


title: Centre, Alabama

paragraphs: Centre is a city in Cherokee County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 3,273. The city is the county seat of Cherokee County. It is part of the 'Gadsden, Alabama Metropolitan Statistical Area'.

paragraphs: According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of . is land and is water.

paragraphs: The Cherokee County Board of Education provides public education for Centre. Schools in Centre include Cherokee County High School, Cherokee County Career and Technology Center, Centre Middle School, and Centre Elementary School.

paragraphs: Centre is located near Weiss Lake, a man-made reservoir and self-proclaimed "Crappie Capital of the World".


title: Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden

paragraphs: The Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden is a zoo in the American city of Cincinnati, Ohio. It claims to be the second oldest zoo in the United States because it opened 14 months after the Philadelphia Zoo.

paragraphs: The zoo has over of land and about 2,800 animals. It has over 30 indoor and outdoor attractions. The Cincinnati Zoo also breeds rare animals. For example, it was the first zoo to breed the California sea lion and one of the first to breed the American bison both in 1878. It is the only place in the Western Hemisphere where one, two, and three Sumatran Rhinoceroses have been born.

paragraphs: The Cincinnati Zoo started in 1875. It covered 66 acres and was owned by some of the richest men in Cincinnati. There are currently around 500 species at the zoo with a total of around 1900 animals. There are also over 6,000 plant species shown at the zoo. The zoo is home to Indian blue peafowls that are free to roam the aviary.

paragraphs: In the late 2000s, the Cincinnati Zoo was named the Greenest Zoo in America for their "go green" practices. The zoo currently has ten special garden exhibits and has over 5,000 other plant species spread throughout the zoo. In early 2010, the zoo completed their construction of over 6,000 solar canopies in the main parking lot. This is the largest display of solar panels in the world. The zoo also displays plants in the animal exhibit in which they are the correct biome for that species. For example, there are many Florida native marsh plants and shrubs in Manatee Springs; bamboo gardens in the red panda exhibits; and bushes from California in the sea lion exhibit.

paragraphs: Since 1989, Wildlife Canyon has been showcasing rare and exotic hoofstock species that are native to many parts of the world. It currently consists of six different paddocks along the bottom of a steep canyon that was built in 1942. Visitors may walk among emus, camels, Asian wild horses, Sichuan takins, river hogs and the critically endangered Sumatran rhinoceros. Every Sumatran rhino that lives in the U.S. was born at the Cincinnati Zoo.

paragraphs: At this attraction that opened in 1970, guests can walk into large flight cages that are home to two of some of the largest flying birds on the planet, Andean condors and California condors, and sea eagles. When visitors enter the two flight cages while being in an elevated observation deck, there is nothing that comes between the visitors and the birds. The Cincinnati Zoo is currently the only institution in North America to breed the Steller's sea eagle. Efforts to set these species free have been successful multiple times. Two eagle chicks can be seen nesting in the sea eagle flight.

paragraphs: This island is a man-made rock surrounded by a moat and exotic landscaping and provides a home for to a large troop of snow monkeys or Japanese macaques. It is over 80 years old and was one of the first bar-less monkey exhibits in North America.

paragraphs: Gorilla World attempts to simulate the rainforest of central Africa. It opened in 1978 as one of the first, natural gorilla exhibits in the country. The main enclosure is about a 30,000 square foot, forest habitat with many tropical plants, waterfalls, meadows, logs and vines for zoo's famous western lowland gorillas to encounter. The zoo also holds the record for having the most gorilla births in one year; six, in 1996. There are also exhibits for colobus monkeys and crowned guenons.

paragraphs: This whole area are is a series of eight enclosures housing a variety of African species of the Savannah, and Asian species of the forest. The rhino reserve opened in 1997.

paragraphs: Jungle Trails takes visitors through a 2.5 acre naturalized rain forest habitat, teeming with rare and exotic wildlife and hundreds of plant species from Asia and Africa. Each region in the exhibit is divided by outdoor and indoor habitats with enjoyable viewing of the Zoo's collection of rare primates such as Bornean Orangutans, bonobos, Müeller's and lar gibbons, bamboo, ruffed, and sifaka lemurs, Angolan colobus monkeys, aye-ayes, Francois langurs, lion-tailed macaques, pottos, pygmy slow lorises, and greater galagos that brachiate, crawl, and jump from branch to branch. In addition, Jungle Trails houses some of the zoo's birds, reptiles, insects, and other rare mammals that include lesser adjutant and saddle-billed storks, pelicans, white-naped ravens, yellow-billed hornbills, starlings, shelducks, hammerkops, cloud rats, sugar gliders, large-spotted genets, emperor scorpions, and ground boas. The attraction received the AZA prestigious exhibit award in 1994, a year after it opened. Two baby galagos and three baby large-spotted genets can be seen in the African Building.

paragraphs: The main animals in the area are the zoo's two polar bears, a male named Little One, and a female, Berit. Visitors can watch the bears swim in their one large 70,000 gallon pool that stretches between the two enclosures. There are many observation areas available for the guests, including underwater viewing, across from a moat, and even of the bears on land only with 3 inches of glass separating them from the visitors. Next to the bears is an aviary that houses a bald eagle.

paragraphs: The Bear Hill grottoes were built in 1937 featuring two bear species from North and South America, black bears and Andean bears. The exhibits were built on a hillside to complete their natural mountainous habitats to also keep the sun from shining light into their exhibits.

paragraphs: In Lorikeet Landing, a flight cage built in 1962 and renovated in 2006, is a mesh enclosed aviary filled with hundreds of birds native to Australia and New Guinea.

paragraphs: Guests can hike through the Wolf Woods to see animals native to North America. The area opened in 2005 after a renovation of Otter Creek.

paragraphs: Opened in the 1950s and renovated in 1985, and 2008, the Children's Zoo is an attraction for children and young animals. The zoo's nursery features baby animals that come and go from different zoos. The young animals have the opportunity to come out of their exhibit, and walk around the zoo while being guided by keepers. The play area designed for children contains small habitats for threes species of armadillos (three-banded, six-banded, screaming hairy), and three species of tortoises (gopher, red-footed, radiated).

paragraphs: Children may enter the Petting Zoo and feed and interact with dwarf goats and doll sheep. Blakely's Barn, that was added in 1997, has both indoor and outdoor paddocks with close viewings of four-horned sheep, cattle, llamas, dwarf goats, miniature cows, miniature donkeys, and alpacas. At the entrance of the attraction is Penguin Walkabout that opened in 1985. Little and black-footed penguins live here.

paragraphs: This attraction features rare and endangered apes that can be viewed brachiating on two large jungle gyms built on two circular islands that were constructed in 1972. Guests can walk on a wooden platform that is on the surface of the lake to get an even closer look of the zoo's loudest animals, siamangs and buff-cheeked gibbons, as they can be heard from every part of the park.

paragraphs: Some of the zoo's current red pandas were given to the zoo in 1985 from the Beijing Zoo. They live in two exhibits at the zoo that teems with natural plants of China. The Zoo has bred over 70 red pandas, the last one being in the early 2000s.

paragraphs: The exhibit Elephant Reserve, opened in 2008 after the renovation of Vanishing Giants, in an area that has been exhibiting elephants and other pachyderms since the zoo's opening in 1875. The main feature of the exhibit is a 1.5 acre female habitat showcasing the zoo's stars, Schottzie, Mai-Thai, and Jati. The exhibit includes a 60,000 gallon pool that is next to one of the many viewing areas. Sabu, the bull, has his own habitat that was added in the year 2006.

paragraphs: Swan Lake is the largest body of water at the zoo, giving a home to native waterfowl of Cincinnati. Many species like mallards, pintails, and swans are free to inhabit the lake as they please as the historic train also circles around them. Along the end of the lake is "Crane Island", home to a Japanese species called red-crowned cranes. "Wetland Trails" is an area, giving an all natural, naturally enclosed habitat to a sandhill crane.

paragraphs: The Reptile House is America's oldest existing zoo building. Visitors can see a variety of monitors, pythons, mambas, tortoises, and even frogs and salamanders behind glass. There is an open-topped exhibit in the center of the building where alligators and sliders co-exist.

paragraphs: This includes an eagle owl, vampire bats, and giant fruit bats. There are cat species like endangered Pallas' cats, clouded leopards, Brazilian ocelots, black-footed cats, sand cats, a caracal, fishing cats, and bobcats. There are dog and cat like species like fossas, aardwolves, palm civets, bearcats, tayras, bat-eared, and fennec foxes. Here also lives rare primates like pottos, and greater bushbabies. Aardvarks and a Burmese python are also displayed

paragraphs: World of the Insect, or the Insectarium has the widest collection of six-legged species:

paragraphs: Monitor lizards from the smallest to the longest, and the largest in the world. Guests may observe dwarf, green, quince, and crocodile monitors. In the largest enclosure of the complex lives the star of the attraction Hudo, a Komodo dragon. Each indoor exhibit is glass-enclosed and are full of real plant life and branches. Outdoor viewing for the Komodo dragon is available near the exit of the building.

paragraphs: Built in 1999, based on the Everglades, Manatee Springs houses many different species of wildlife from the swamps of Florida. The first section of the building is a greenhouse that simulates the sights and sounds of a freshwater swamp, tropical hammock and coastal wetland mangrove wetlands. American alligators, American crocodiles, and Florida cooter turtles can be observed in a series of water/land exhibits all with an underwater viewing. This includes a bridge constructed over a deep pool where zoo visitors may walk on as an alligator snapping turtle lies directly beneath it.

paragraphs: Over 50 species of birds, and displays that provide habitats as natural as the outdoors. Birds from the Amazon all the way to the Antarctic Coast are displayed. Guests can see owls, macaws, bird-of-paradises, hornbills, parakeets, auklets, puffins and even three species of penguins. Seeing opportunities for zoo visitors as such include two walk-though aviaries, open-fronted habitats, and species behind glass with underwater viewings.

paragraphs: Discovery Forest is a 4,500-square-foot tropical rainforest in a unique, two-story circular atrium. The setting is a tropical Latin American rainforest, incorporating interpretive elements from throughout Central and South America. In 2008, several neotropical animals like a two-toed sloth, a blue-and-gold macaw, and boa constrictors were added to emphasize the relationship between plants and animals.

paragraphs: Africa will be the largest animal exhibit in the Zoo's history, planned to be nearly 8-acres big and at a cost of $32,000,000. In Phase IV, the zoo will add the largest part of the future attraction, a wide Savannah teeming with some of Africa's most spectacular hoofstock such as zebras, gazelles, and elands. Along with some of the world's largest birds like ostriches, Marabou storks and grey-crowned cranes. This phase will be open in 2014.

paragraphs: The final phase will bring Nile hippos and crocodiles. The hippo area will give visitors a view above and below-water. In addition, this phase will include Nile crocodiles and possibly African wild dogs. This last area will open in 2015.


title: Provinces of Ethiopia

paragraphs: Until 1995 Ethiopia was divided into provinces. The provinces were divided into "awrajja"s or districts. In 1995 they were replaced by regions and two chartered cities. Eritrea was an Ethiopian province until 1993.

paragraphs: From 1942 until 1995 the provinces of Ethiopia were:

paragraphs: Older provinces, which are frequently used to indicate location within Ethiopia, include:


title: Provinces of Greece

paragraphs: The provinces of Greece were divisions of some the country's prefectures. In 1887 the provinces were endeed as administrative units. They were still used for some state services, especially finance services and education, as well as for electoral purposes. Before the Second World War, there were 139 provinces. After the war, with the addition of the Dodecanese Islands, their number grew to 147. The largest province is Dodoni.


title: Prefectures of Greece

paragraphs: The land of Greece was divided in Prefectures from 1833 to 1836. It was divided again from 1845 until the Kallikratis reform in 2010. Now Greece is divided into peripheral units.


title: Provinces of Italy

paragraphs: Italy is divided into 20 Regions (Regioni in Italian) and every Region is divided into Provinces. There are 110 provinces in Italy. Each province is headed by a President assisted by a representative body, the Provincial Council, and an executive body, the Provincial Executive.


title: Eggshell

paragraphs: An eggshell is the outer covering of a hard-shelled egg and of some forms of eggs with soft outer coats. It is a main character of the cleidoic egg, which allows amniotes to breed on land.

paragraphs: Worms eggs present a three layered structure with an External Vitellin Layer, a Chitin Layer that confers mechanical resistance and an internal Lipid-rich layer that makes the egg chamber impermeable.

paragraphs: Amniotes developed the cleidoic egg early in the Carboniferous period, and this meant they could live and reproduce on dry land. These early land animals evolved into the reptiles, birds and mammals of today. In contrast, the amphibia are land animals who must lay their eggs in water, because the eggs are not protected by a shell.

paragraphs: The structure and composition of the eggshell protects the egg against damage, microbial contamination, and desiccation (drying out). Small molecules can pass through it, so the shell allows gas exchange for the growing embryo. It also provides calcium for the embryo's skeleton.

paragraphs: While many reptiles lay eggs with flexible, calcified, eggshells, there are some that lay hard eggs. Eggs laid by snakes generally have leathery shells which often adhere to one another. Depending on the species, turtles and tortoises lay hard or soft eggs. Several species lay eggs which are nearly the same as bird eggs.

paragraphs: The normal bird egg is a fertilized egg sitting on the yolk surface and surrounded by albumen, or egg white. The albumen in turn is surrounded by two shell membranes (inner and outer membranes) and then the eggshell. The chicken eggshell is 95-97% calcium carbonate crystals, which are held together by a protein matrix.

paragraphs: While the bulk of eggshell is made of calcium carbonate, it is now thought that the protein matrix has an important role to play in eggshell strength. These proteins affect crystallization, which in turn affects the eggshell structure.

paragraphs: The average laying hen, takes about 20 hours to make the shell. Pigmentation is added to the shell by papillae lining the oviduct, coloring it any of a variety of colors and patterns depending on the species.


title: Pacheco, California

paragraphs: Pacheco is a census-designated place (CDP) in Contra Costa County, California, United States. At the 2010 census, 3,685 people lived there. Pacheco is north of Walnut Creek.

paragraphs: According to the United States Census Bureau, Pacheco has a total area of .

paragraphs: The town was started in 1857. There was a post office there from 1859 to 1913. In 1955, postal service started again.

paragraphs: For a short time, Pacheco had a lot of very successful businesses. During that time, ships from the Pacific Ocean were able to get to the town by going through Pacheco Slough. Then, during the 1860s, there were some fires, floods, and an earthquake. These destroyed the town and filled the slough with silt so that ships could not get there any more. Many people later left Pacheco to go to the nearby town of Todos Santos, which was later renamed to Concord.

paragraphs: In January 2011, the Martinez City Council voted to take over the parts of Pacheco that are north of California State Route 4. The government was expected to approve the takeover in the fall of 2011. In March 2012, enough people objected that an election would have to be held about the issue.


title: June 2011 Christchurch earthquake

paragraphs: The June 2011 Christchurch earthquake was responsible for causing additional damage to an already earthquake-devastated region. The earthquake took place around 1420 New Zealand Standard Time and was centered next to 3.8 miles deep, six miles from Christchurch. It had been preceded by another 5.9 tremor that struck at a slightly deeper 5.5 miles. The earthquake of June 2011 cut down telephone lines and caused numerous outages which left next to 54,000 houses without power. The tremor triggered the death of an elderly man and several injuries.


title: Bombyliidae

paragraphs: The Bombyliidae are a family of flies. Their common name is bee flies.

paragraphs: The Bombyliidae are a large family of flies. It has hundreds of genera, but the life cycles of most species are known poorly, or not at all. Some are very small (2 mm in length), but some can be very large for flies (wingspan of some 40 mm).

paragraphs: Adults normally feed on nectar and pollen. Those with a spectacularly long proboscis are adapted to plants (such as "Lapeirousia") which have long, narrow floral tubes.

paragraphs: The Bombyliidae include a large number of species, but for its size this is one of the least understood families of insects. There at least 4,500 described species, and certainly thousands still to be described. The adult flies usually feed on nectar and pollen, and some are important pollinators.

paragraphs: Many Bombyliidae look like bees and so a common name for the family is the bee flies. The reason is probably aposematic: the adults are safer from predators because they share the warning colours of bees. The adult females usually lay eggs near the nests of possible hosts, often in the burrows of solitary bees, wasps or beetles.

paragraphs: The larval stages are predators or parasitoids of the eggs and larvae of other insects. The eggs hatch into larvae which eat the eggs and larvae of the 'host' insect. Although most bee-flies usually are fairly or highly host-specific, some species do attack a number of hosts.


title: Gérard Feldzer

paragraphs: Gérard Paul Alain Feldzer, born the 10th of February 1944, is a consultant and aeronautical popularizer for media, journalist at "France Info" since 2009. Former French airline pilot, he was President of the "Aéro-Club de France" between 1995 and 2005, and head of the "Musée de l'Air" (French Air and Space Museum) between 2005 and August 2010.

paragraphs: The 1st of January 2012, he becomes Officiers of the Légion d'honneur.


title: Phototropism

paragraphs: Phototropism is growth in the direction of light. Phototropism is common in plants, but can also occur in other organisms such as fungi. The cells on the plant that are farthest from the light have a plant growth hormone called auxin, which causes phototropism to occur. It causes the plant to have elongated cells on the farthest side from the light.

paragraphs: Phototropism is one of the many plant tropisms or movements which respond to external stimuli. Growth towards a light source is a "positive phototropism", while growth away from light is called "negative phototropism". Most plant shoots have positive phototropism. Roots usually have negative phototropism, though gravitropism may play a larger role in root behavior and growth. Some vine shoot tips exhibit negative phototropism, which allows them to grow towards dark, solid objects and climb them.

paragraphs: Auxin collects mainly on the darker side of the stem and stimulates cell elongation. Thus, the cells on the side not directly exposed to light will grow faster than the opposing side, and the stem will curve towards the light source.

paragraphs: Phototropism in plants such as "Arabidopsis thaliana" is directed by blue light receptors called phototropins. Other photosensitive receptors in plants include phytochromes that sense red light, and cryptochromes that sense blue light.


title: Proboscis

paragraphs: A proboscis is a projection or elongated appendage at the front of the face. In vertebrates, the term is used to describe an elongated nose or snout. In invertebrates, the term usually refers to tubular mouthparts used for feeding and sucking.


title: Tuckman's stages of group development

paragraphs: Tuckman's stages of group development is a model of group development made by Bruce Tuckman in 1965. It has four phases: Forming, Storming, Norming and Performing.

paragraphs: Tuckman believed that these stages are all necessary and always happen in order for a team:

paragraphs: This model has become the basis for later models.

paragraphs: More reading on this topic can be found here:


title: Clerks

paragraphs: Clerks is an 1994 American comedy movie directed by Kevin Smith. It takes place in and around a convenience store in New Jersey. "Clerks" was controversial. Due to graphic language it received an NC-17 rating, although the rating was later changed to R. "Clerks" was distributed from Miramax. It was released in October 1994.


title: Utagawa Kuniyoshi

paragraphs: , also called Kuniyoshi, was a Japanese artist. He was a masters of the ukiyo-e style of woodblock prints and painting.

paragraphs: Kuniyoshi was part of the Utagawa school of artists.

paragraphs: The range of Kuniyoshi's subjects included landscapes, beautiful women, Kabuki actors, cats, and mythical animals. He is known images of the battles of samurai and legendary heroes. His work was affected by Western art and caricature.

paragraphs: Tsukioka Yoshitoshi was one of his students.

paragraphs: Takashi Murakami credits the influence of Kuniyoshi in his work.

paragraphs: Kuniyoshi made images which were caricatures.


title: The Weinstein Company

paragraphs: The Weinstein Company is an independent movie studio founded in March 2005 by brothers Bob and Harvey Weinstein after they left Miramax Films. The studio owns Dimension Films. TWC makes melodrama, horror movies and raunchy comedy. Its division Dimension handles the genre movies.


title: Dimension Films

paragraphs: Dimension Films are a network which represents genre movies. It was originally under ownership of Miramax (which was then owned by Disney), although it is now under ownership of the Weinstein Company. Dimension is responsible for making movies, such as Scream franchise and Scary Movie.


title: Chilton County, Alabama

paragraphs: Chilton County is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama. In 1942, the U.S. Navy commissioned a new vessel, the USS "Chilton", in honor of Chilton County. In 2010, the population was 43,643. The county seat is Clanton. It is a dry county which means alcoholic drinks cannot be sold.

paragraphs: The county is known for its peaches and its unique landscape. It is home to swamps, prairies and mountains due to the foothills of the Appalachians. It also has the Coosa River basin and is close to the Black Belt Prairie.

paragraphs: Baker County was formed on December 30, 1868. It was named for Alfred Baker, with its county seat at Grantville. Residents of the county asked the Alabama legislature for the renaming of their county. In 1874, they chose the name Chilton County. William Parish Chilton, Sr. (1810–1871), was a lawyer who became Chief Justice of the Alabama Supreme Court. Later he represented Montgomery County in the Congress of the Confederate States of America. It is not known when the county seat was moved.

paragraphs: According to the 2000 census, the county has a total area of . (or 99.03%) is land and (or 0.97%) is water.


title: Clanton, Alabama

paragraphs: Clanton is a city in Chilton County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 8,619. The city is the county seat of Chilton County.

paragraphs: The town was founded by Alfred Baker in 1868, when Chilton County was formed. Clanton was named in honor of General James H. Clanton, a brigadier in the Confederate States Army. It was incorporated on April 23, 1873. Baker was also elected first mayor of the town.

paragraphs: Early Civil Rights activist Ida B. Wells made a photographic postcard showing an 1891 lynching in Clanton. This was to educate the white public of the atrocities committed against blacks.

paragraphs: During World War II, a small German Prisoner of War camp was located in Clanton.

paragraphs: According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of . is land and (0.15%) is water.

paragraphs: Clanton is governed by the mayor-council system. The mayor is elected in a citywide vote. The city council has five members elected from one of five wards.

paragraphs: Over 80% of Alabama's peach crop comes from Chilton County.

paragraphs: The Chilton County School System provides public education for Clanton. Students in Clanton may attend any public school in Chilton County.

paragraphs: Clanton Middle School (Grades 6 through 8)

paragraphs: Clanton has hosted the annual Chilton County Peach Festival since 1952.


title: Port

paragraphs: A port is a place at the edge of an ocean, river, or lake for ships to load and unload their cargo. Persons on ships can get on or off ships at a port. It is also called a harbour or harbor. This kind of port is the same as sea port.

paragraphs: A good port is easy to get to over water or land. It is also in a place that is not easily hurt by bad weather, like strong wind or big waves.

paragraphs: Some ports are important for trade; other ports are important to a country's navy.

paragraphs: If a port is visited by ships that can go on the ocean, it is called a "sea port" or just a "port". If a port is visited only by river boats like barges, it is called a "river port".

paragraphs: If a port is on a lake, river, or canal that goes to a sea or ocean, that port can be called an "inland port".

paragraphs: A fishing port is a port or harbour used by people who are fishing.

paragraphs: A warm water port is a port where the water does not freeze in winter time.

paragraphs: A cruise home port is a port where people get on and off cruise-ships. It is also where the cruise ship gets its supplies, like fresh water, fuel, and food. The Port of Miami, Florida is called the "Cruise Capital of the World". Port Everglades, Florida and the Port of San Juan, Puerto Rico also have big cruise ports.

paragraphs: A port of call is a place where a ship stops before it has finished its trip.

paragraphs: A cargo port is a port that is used to move things people want to buy or sell.


title: Choctaw County, Alabama

paragraphs: Choctaw County is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama. It was formed on December 29, 1847 and named for the Choctaw tribe of American Indians. As of 2010 the population was 13,859. The county seat is Butler.

paragraphs: According to the 2000 census, the county has a total area of . (or 99.20%) is land and (or 0.80%) is water.


title: Clarke County, Alabama

paragraphs: Clarke County is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of 2010, 25,833 people lived there. The county seat is Grove Hill.

paragraphs: Clarke County was formed on December 10, 1812 by the Mississippi Territory. It is named in honor of General John Clarke of Georgia, who was later elected governor of that state. The county had many forts, built by settlers for protection during the Creek War (1813-1814). One of the most notable was Fort Sinquefield.

paragraphs: The first county seat was Clarkesville, formed in 1820. The seat was moved to Macon, later renamed Grove Hill, in 1831. During the American Civil War, the county was notable for its salt production.


title: Grove Hill, Alabama

paragraphs: Grove Hill is a town in Clarke County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census the population was 1,438. It is the county seat of Clarke County and home of the Clarke County Museum.

paragraphs: Public Educationis provided by the Clarke County School System. Located in Grove Hill are Clarke County High School (grades 9 through 12), Wilson Hall Middle School (grades 5 through 8), and Grove Hill Elementary School (grades K though 4).

paragraphs: There is one private school in Grove Hill. Clarke Prep School provides education for grades K through 12.


title: Lisette Melendez

paragraphs: Lisette Melendez (born 1967 or 1976) is a Puerto Rican freestyle music and Latin pop singer. She is best known for the 1991 song "Together Forever". Her exact birthdate is not clear, with some sources claiming Melendez was born as far back as 1967 or 1968. Others mention that she was born as recently as 1976. She was raised in East Harlem in New York City.

paragraphs: In Japan, Melendez won a Grammy for the Best New Artist. This was for her 1994 studio album "True to Life".


title: Sydney Pollack

paragraphs: Sydney Irwin Pollack (July 1, 1934 – May 26, 2008) was an American movie and television director, producer and actor.

paragraphs: Pollack was born in Lafayette, Indiana. During his childhood he moved to South Bend, Indiana. He moved to New York City when he was 17.

paragraphs: He won an Emmy Award in 1966. He won two Academy Awards and a Golden Globe Award for 1985 movie "Out of Africa".

paragraphs: He died of cancer of unknown primary origin in Pacific Palisades, Los Angeles, California.


title: Cleburne County, Alabama

paragraphs: Cleburne County is a county in the US state of Alabama. Its name is in honor of Major General Patrick R. Cleburne, of Arkansas. As of 2010, 14,972 people lived in the county. Its county seat is Heflin.

paragraphs: Cleburne County was formed on December 6, 1866. The county was made from territory in Benton (now Calhoun), Randolph, and Talladega counties. In 1867, Edwardsville was made the county seat. In 1905 Heflin became the county seat.

paragraphs: According to the 2000 census, the area of the county is . (or 99.86%) is land and (or 0.14%) is water. Alabama's highest natural point on Cheaha Mountain is in Cleburne County. Cheaha Mountain is in the far south part of the Blue Ridge Mountains.


title: Colbert County, Alabama

paragraphs: Colbert County is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama. Its name is in honor of brothers George and Levi Colbert, Chickasaw Indian chiefs. George Colbert operated a ferry across the Tennessee River in 1790 near present-day Cherokee.

paragraphs: The county seat of Colbert County is Tuscumbia. It is part of the Florence - Muscle Shoals Metropolitan Statistical Area known as "The Shoals". As of 2010, 54,428 people lived there.

paragraphs: Colbert County was first formed on February 6, 1867. It split from Franklin County over political issues after the American Civil War. It was ended but was reestablished on February 24, 1870. It is also the location of Ivy Green, the birthplace of noted author Helen Keller. Colbert County is also home of the towns Sheffield and Muscle Shoals where many popular musicians such as Aretha Franklin and the Rolling Stones recorded music.

paragraphs: According to the 2000 census, the county has a total area of . (or 95.34%) is land and (or 4.66%) is water.


title: Conecuh County, Alabama

paragraphs: Conecuh County is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama. Its name is believed to be derived from a Creek Indian term meaning "land of cane." As of the 2010 census, 13,228 people lived there. Its county seat is Evergreen, Alabama.

paragraphs: According to the 2000 census, the county has a total area of . (or 99.80%) is land and (or 0.20%) is water.


title: Zooey Deschanel

paragraphs: Zooey Claire Deschanel ( ; born January 17, 1980) is an American actress, musician, and singer-songwriter.

paragraphs: Zooey Deschanel was born in Los Angeles in 1980. She is the younger daughter of Academy Award–nominated cinematographer and director Caleb Deschanel and actress Mary Jo Deschanel (née Weir). Her paternal grandfather was French, from Oullins, Rhône. Her ancestry also includes Swiss, Dutch, English, Irish, and other French roots.

paragraphs: She starred in movie "(500) Days of Summer" and plays the central character in TV series "New Girl". She also produces the show.

paragraphs: She and M. Ward are music duo She & Him. They have released five studio albums since 2008. She has collaborated with artists such as Prince and Brian Wilson. She wrote the main theme for New Girl and .

paragraphs: She married musician Ben Gibbard on September 19, 2009. The couple are separated; she filed for divorce on December 27, 2011. It was finalized on December 12, 2012.

paragraphs: She married producer Jacob Pechenik in 2015. They have a daughter born in July, 2015.


title: Coosa County, Alabama

paragraphs: Coosa County is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of 2010, 11,539 people lived there. Its county seat is Rockford.

paragraphs: It was formed on December 18, 1832. Its name is from a town of the Creek tribe.

paragraphs: According to the 2000 census, the county has a total area of . (or 97.91%) is land and (or 2.09%) is water.


title: Rockford, Alabama

paragraphs: Rockford is a town in Coosa County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 477. The town is the county seat of Coosa County.

paragraphs: Coosa County was formed on December 18, 1832. The first name of the town was Lexington. In 1835 the name was changed to Rockford.

paragraphs: Public education in Rockford is provided by the Coosa County Board of Education. There are four schools located in Rockford: Central High School (grades 9 through 12), Central Middle School (grades 5 through 8), Central Elementary School (grades (K through 4), and Coosa County Science and Technology Center (grades 9 through 12).

paragraphs: In 1993, a sick dog wandered into Rockford. The animal was called "Fred" and was nursed back to health by town residents. For the next ten years, Fred was the town mascot.

paragraphs: Fred gained popularity through a regular newspaper column, "A Dog's Life," about his activities and encounters. He was on a television show on cable TV's "Animal Planet".

paragraphs: Fred died on December 23, 2002 in a Birmingham animal hospital, from a mysterious animal bite. He was buried behind the town's old jailhouse. A full-size grave marker, donated by a Montgomery businessman, was added in May, 2003. Fred was inducted into the Alabama Veterinary Medical Association Animal Hall of Fame in 2004.


title: Covington County, Alabama

paragraphs: Covington County, Alabama, is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of 2010, 37,765 people lived there. Its county seat is Andalusia.

paragraphs: Covington County was formed on December 17, 1821. Its name is in honor of Brigadier General Leonard Covington of Maryland. The county was declared a disaster area in September 1979 due to damage from Hurricane Frederic. It was a disaster area again in October 1995 due to Hurricane Opal.

paragraphs: According to the 2000 census, the county has a total area of . (or 99.04%) is land and (or 0.96%) is water.


title: Crenshaw County, Alabama

paragraphs: Crenshaw County is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of 2010, 13,906 people lived there. Its county seat is Luverne.

paragraphs: Crenshaw County was formed from Butler, Coffee, Covington, Lowndes and Pike counties on November 30, 1866. Its name is in honor of a judge, Anderson Crenshaw.

paragraphs: According to the 2000 census, the county has a total area of . (or 99.79%) is land and (or 0.21%) is water. Much of the land is covered by forests that are used for logging.


title: Pastygate

paragraphs: Pastygate is the name given to a political scandal in the United Kingdom in March 2012. The government had said that it was going to place a 20% VAT charge on hot pasties.

paragraphs: A Labour Member of Parliament asked the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Conservative MP George Osborne, about when he last ate a Cornish pasty. Osborne answered that he had no idea when he had last eaten one. This answer has been used to show how out of touch with ordinary people the Conservative party had become. The Prime Minister David Cameron later said that he had recently eaten a Cornish pasty at Leeds railway station "and that it was very good". However, The Sun newspaper then reported that there was no place to buy Cornish pasties at Leeds railway station at the time David Cameron claimed to have eaten one there.

paragraphs: The issue, which at first appeared to be unimportant, was then taken up by several other newspapers and political commentators. They pointed out that the Conservatives seemed not to know that the pasty was a basic food eaten by many ordinary people in the country. The VAT rise on the pasty would affect both these customers and the pasty industry itself. These newspapers and commentators made fun of David Cameron's attempt to show himself as a regular pasty eater (i.e. as one of the people) and that George Osborne's did not know what a pasty was.


title: Eastern black-and-white colobus

paragraphs: The eastern black-and-white colobus monkey, or mantled gueraza (Colobus guereza) is a species of monkeys. It can be as big as over long (excluding tail) and up to . In the wild, they live about 20 years.

paragraphs: Colobus monkeys are vegetarian. They have a three-chambered stomach to help digest leaves.


title: Cullman County, Alabama

paragraphs: Cullman County is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama. Its name is in honor of Colonel John G. Cullmann. As of 2010, 80,406 people lived there. Its county seat is the town of the same name, Cullman, Alabama.

paragraphs: The historic Cherokee and Choctaw lived here at the time of European encounter. The Echota Cherokee are a recognized tribe still here.

paragraphs: Cullman County was formed by German American immigrants from Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1877.

paragraphs: According to the 2000 census, the county has a total area of . (or 97.83%) is land and (or 2.17%) is water.

paragraphs: Public education in Cullman County is provided by two systems: the Cullman City School Board and the Cullman County School Board, which governs all municipalities except the City of Cullman.

paragraphs: Private educational institutions in the county include:

paragraphs: Cullman is also the home of the state-owned and operated Wallace State Community College in Hanceville. It was named for the former Governor of Alabama, George C. Wallace. His father and his wife, Governor Lurleen B. Wallace, also had junior colleges named for them.


title: Dolores

paragraphs: Dolores, also spelled Delores, is a female given name. Many celebrities and movie stars are named Dolores.


title: Cullman, Alabama

paragraphs: Cullman is a city in Cullman County, Alabama. Cullman is along Interstate 65, about north of Birmingham, and about south of Huntsville. According to the 2010 census, it has 14,775 people.

paragraphs: Cullman is the county seat of Cullman County, Alabama.

paragraphs:
The Cullman City School System operates five schools: Cullman Primary School (Pre-K - First Grade),
 East Elementary (Second Grade - Sixth Grade),
 West Elementary (Second Grade - Sixth Grade),
 John G. Cullman Middle School (Seventh and Eighth Grades),
 and Cullman High School (Ninth Grade - Twelfth Grade).

paragraphs:
Other schools in Cullman include the Saint Bernard Preparatory School, a Benedictine boarding school (Ninth Grade - Twelfth Grade),
 Saint Bernard Middle School (Seventh and Eighth Grade),
 Sacred Heart Elementary School (Pre-K - Sixth Grade),
 Saint Paul's Lutheran School (Pre-K - Sixth Grade),
 and Cullman Christian School (Pre-K - Twelfth Grade).

paragraphs: Cullman is in the TV broadcasting areas of both Birmingham, Alabama, and Huntsville, Alabama.

paragraphs: Also, there is one low-power broadcasting station in Cullman: WCQT-LP TV-27


title: Freeway (movie)

paragraphs: Freeway is a 1996 crime drama movie. It stars Reese Witherspoon as Vanessa, Brooke Shields as Mimi and Brittany Murphy as Rhonda. This melodramatic thriller was released into theaters on August 23, 1996 and received very positive reviews from critics. "Freeway" was originally rated NC-17 for graphic language. It was trimmed to obtain an R before release.


title: Dale County, Alabama

paragraphs: Dale County is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama. Most of the Fort Rucker U.S. Army Aviation Center for Excellence is in Dale County. Its name is in honor of General Samuel Dale. As of the 2010 census, 50,251 people lived there. Its county seat and largest city is Ozark.

paragraphs: Dale County is in the southeastern corner of the State of Alabama. According to the 2000 census, the county has a total area of . (or 99.72%) is land and (or 0.28%) is water.


title: Dallas County, Alabama

paragraphs: Dallas County is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama. The county seat is Selma.

paragraphs: Dallas County was formed on February 9, 1818. It was named for U.S. Treasury Secretary Alexander J. Dallas of Pennsylvania. At first the county seat was at Cahaba. In 1865, the county seat was moved to Selma.

paragraphs: Dallas County is in the Black Belt region. The Alabama River is in the county.

paragraphs: According to the 2000 census, the county has a total area of . (or 98.73%) is land and (or 1.27%) is water.

paragraphs: Areas not in Selma are served by Dallas County Schools. Areas in Selma are served by Selma City Schools.


title: DeKalb County, Alabama

paragraphs: DeKalb County is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of 2010, 71,109 people lived there. Its county seat is Fort Payne.

paragraphs: DeKalb County was formed on January 9, 1836. It was named for Major General Baron Johann de Kalb, a hero of the American Revolution.

paragraphs: DeKalb County was the one time home of the famous Cherokee Sequoyah.

paragraphs: According to the 2000 census, the county has a total area of . (or 99.90%) is land and (or 0.10%) is water.


title: Elmore County, Alabama

paragraphs: Elmore County is a county of the State of Alabama. As of 2010, 79,303 people lived there. The county seat is Wetumpka.

paragraphs: Elmore County was formed on February 15, 1866. It was created from portions of Autauga, Coosa, Tallapoosa, and Montgomery Counties. Its name is in honor of General John A. Elmore.

paragraphs: According to the 2000 census, the county has a total area of . (or 94.53%) is land and (or 5.47%) is water.


title: Escambia County, Alabama

paragraphs: Escambia County is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of 2010, 38,319 people lived there. Its county seat is Brewton.

paragraphs: Escambia County was formed after the American Civil War, on December 10, 1868. This was during the Reconstruction era. The name "Escambia" may come from the Creek name "Shambia", meaning "clearwater", or the Choctaw word for "cane-brake" or "reed-brake".

paragraphs: In September 1979, the county was declared a disaster area due to damage from Hurricane Frederic, and again in September 2004 due to damage from Hurricane Ivan.

paragraphs: According to the 2000 census, the county has a total area of . (or 99.42%) is land and (or 0.58%) is water.


title: 20th Television

paragraphs: 20th Television (formerly 20th Century Fox Television) is an American television production and former syndication company that was created in 1992 by 20th Century Fox Film Corporation. It is a division of the Fox Entertainment Group, part of The Walt Disney Company. On August 10, 2020, the syndication division changed to now report to Disney directly.


title: Grey's crowned guenon

paragraphs: Grey's crowned guenons ("Cercopithecus pogonias grayi") or crested mona monkeys is a species of monkey. They are mainly found in Central Africa which includes countries like Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and Nigeria. Mona monkeys get up to in length and weigh . The lifespan of the crowned guenon is 20 years in captivity. They feed on mostly fruit, leaves, shoots, insects, and crops.


title: Axiom of choice

paragraphs: In mathematics the axiom of choice, sometimes called AC, is an axiom used in set theory.

paragraphs: The axiom of choice says that if you have a set of objects and you separate the set into smaller sets, each containing at least one object, it is possible to take one object out of each of these smaller sets and make a new set. You do not always need to use the axiom of choice to do this. You do not need to use the axiom of choice if the starting set is finite, or if the starting set is infinite and has a rule built in for how it can be divided. For example, for any (infinite or finite) sets of pairs of shoes, one can pick out the left shoe from each pair, but for an infinite collection of pairs of socks, the axiom of choice is needed.


title: CSI: Miami

paragraphs: CSI: Miami (Crime Scene Investigation: Miami) is an American TV series that aired from 2002-2012 on CBS. It is the second series in the CSI franchise.


title: Chang Taek-sang

paragraphs: Jang Taek-Sang (장택상, 1893–1969) was a Korean nationalist politician. He was a Korean independence activist against Japanese imperialism. After the liberation, he was 1st Foreign Minister and 3rd Prime Minister. This was during the 2–5th National Assembly of South Korea.


title: Bound

paragraphs: Bound is a 1996 American romantic crime thriller starring Jennifer Tilly and Gina Gershon as two bisexual women who plot to steal $2 million in Mafia money. "Bound" received positive reviews from critics who praised its humor and strong style and its portrayal of lesbian relationships in any mainstream motion picture. It was rated R in the United States and Australia for sexual content and intense violence. It was released October 4, 1996 in the United States.


title: Gina Gershon

paragraphs: Gina L. Gershon (born June 10, 1962) is an American actress, singer and writer. She has been in many movies, including the 1995 movie "Showgirls". She has also been in many television programs and sitcoms. She was born in Los Angeles.


title: Kwon Sang-ha

paragraphs: Kwon Sang-ha(1641 - September 2, 1721) was a politician and Neo Confucian scholar, teacher, and writer of the Joseon Dynasty. He was second leader of Noron Partys, disciple of Song Siyeol, Song Jun-gil and ideological successor of founder Noron Partys and his teacher Song Siyeol. Nicknames was Sooam, Hansoojae.


title: Powys Castle

paragraphs: Powys Castle (or Powis Castle or Welsh: Castell Coch) is a mediaeval castle, fortress and grand country mansion near the town of Welshpool, in Powys, Mid Wales. It is the residence of the Earl of Powis. The castle is built of sandstone. The rock is from New Red Sandstone of the Permian or Triassic periods.

paragraphs: The castle has extensive, attractive formal gardens, terraces, parkland, deerpark and landscaped estate. The property is under the care of the National Trust, who operate it under the name "Powis Castle and Garden".

paragraphs: Queen Victoria visited the castle during her tour through England and Wales in 1832.


title: Islam in China

paragraphs: Muslims have been in China for the last 1,400 years, and have interacted with Chinese society. Muslims live in every region in China. Various sources estimate different numbers of Muslims in China. Some sources indicate 2% of the total population in China are Muslims. Xinjiang in the northwest is the province with most Muslims.


title: Campbell Newman

paragraphs: Campbell Kevin Thomas Newman (born 12 August 1963) was the 38th Premier of Queensland. He is from the Liberal National Party of Queensland. He became Premier on 26 March 2012 after his party won the state election. Prior to that he was the 15th Lord Mayor of Brisbane from 2004 to 2011. At the Queensland state election on Saturday 31 January 2015, Newman lost his seat of Ashgrove to his predecessor Kate Jones. Newman will retire from politics after he lost his own parliamentary seat and on 14 February 2015, Annastacia Palaszczuk was sworn in as Premier.


title: New Red Sandstone

paragraphs: The New Red Sandstone is a sandstone rock in Britain and elsewhere. It was laid down in desert conditions from the Permian (280 million years ago) to the beginning of the Triassic (240 million years ago). It underlies the Jurassic Lias, which are marine rocks such as the Blue Lias.

paragraphs: The term distinguishes it from the Old Red Sandstone, which is largely Devonian in age. The New Red Sandstone is much brighter and redder in colour than the Old Red Sandstone, as the examples show. The colour is caused by iron oxides in the rock.

paragraphs: the red sand stone was formed from 416 million to 359.2 million years ago . it was washed up on the beach


title: Glee (season 2)

paragraphs: The second season of the musical comedy-drama television show "Glee" originally premiered on September 21, 2010 and ended on May 24, 2011 on FOX in the United States. The second season had 22 episodes and was produced by 20th Century Fox Television and Ryan Murphy Television. Dante Di Loreto became the executive producer while Ryan Murphy and Brad Falchuk, the show co-creators, remained writing the episodes along with Ian Brennan. The second season features the "New Directions" glee club at the fictional William McKinley High School in Lima, Ohio. It also shows the glee club in several competitions; local, regional and nationals which was held in New York City. The club members in this season began dealing with relationship, sexuality and social issues.

paragraphs: The second season's main cast were; director of glee club Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison), cheerleading coach Sue Sylvester (Jane Lynch), guidance counselor Emma Pillsbury (Jayma Mays), and glee club members Artie Abrams (Kevin McHale), Brittany Pierce (Heather Morris), Finn Hudson (Cory Monteith), Kurt Hummel (Chris Colfer), Mercedes Jones (Amber Riley), Noah "Puck" Puckerman (Mark Salling), Quinn Fabray (Dianna Agron), Rachel Berry (Lea Michele), Santana Lopez (Naya Rivera), Tina Cohen-Chang (Jenna Ushkowitz) and Will's ex-wife Terri (Jessalyn Gilsig). Kurt's father Burt (Mike O'Malley) becomes a main character in this season.

paragraphs: Each episode of the second season received positive reviews from music and television journalists, however, the entire season was given a more mixed reception. The musical performances in the second season had more dance numbers and cover versions than the first season. The show released five soundtrack albums and over one hundred digital singles. The cast broke the record for "most charted songs by an act" in the 52-year history of the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart. The singles "Teenage Dream" (originally recorded by Katy Perry) and "Loser Like Me" (an original song), were the first to have over 200,000 downloads in their first week of release in the US. Both had also charted in the top ten in the US and Canada, and were certified Gold in the US. The second season was nominated for twelve Emmy Awards, five Golden Globe Awards, five Satellite Awards and over fifty other awards. There has been three DVDs to have been released with episodes from the season: "Glee - Season 2, Volume 1" which includes episodes one through ten, "Glee - Season 2, Volume 2" which includes episodes eleven through twenty-two, and "Glee - The Complete Second Season".


title: Chris Colfer

paragraphs: Christopher Paul "Chris" Colfer (born May 27, 1990) is an American actor and singer. He plays the role of Kurt Hummel on the FOX television show "Glee". "Time magazine" called Colfer one of the "100 most influential people" in the world in 2011. He has won a Golden Globe Award and has been nominated two times for a Emmy Award.

paragraphs: Colfer was born in Clovis, California. He is of Irish ancestry. He is openly gay.


title: Mash-up

paragraphs: A mash-up is when a musician performs two or more songs as a single composition. Some mashups are called "remixes" or sometimes indirectly called "duets" if sung by two musicians. In popular music, some musicians sing two cover versions and blend them together (transformation) into a new song.


title: Subplot

paragraphs: A subplot, sometimes called a "B story" or a "C story", is a secondary plot that sometimes has to do with the main story. Subplots may connect to main plots, in either time and place. Subplots often involve supporting characters, those besides the protagonist or antagonist.


title: National Alliance on Mental Illness

paragraphs: The National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI), formerly known as the National Alliance for the Mentally Ill, is an American non-profit national advocacy organization founded in 1979 for people affected by serious mental illnesses and their families. NAMI has over 200,000 members, offices in all 50 states, and 1200 affiliates across the United States. NAMI is a organization that is run primarily by volunteers.

paragraphs: The NAMI Family-to-Family Education Program is a free 12-week course targeted toward family and friends of individuals with mental illness. The courses are taught by a NAMI-trained family member of a person diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder. Family-to-Family is taught in 44 states, and two provinces in Canada. The program was developed by Clinical Psychologist Joyce Burland, PhD.

paragraphs: The Family-to-Family program provides general information about mental illness and how it is currently treated. The programs cover mental illnesses including schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disorder, etc.), as well as the benefits and side effects of medications. Family-to-Family, like the rest of NAMI programs, takes a biologically-based approach to explaining mental illness and its treatments.

paragraphs: In addition to providing information on mental illness, the Family-to-Family program teaches coping skills and the power of advocacy to students. Empathy is hoped to be gained by students' better understanding of the subjective experience of living with a mental illness. Special workshops also teach problem solving, listening, and communication techniques. Family-to-Family also provides advocacy support, offering family members guidance on locating support and services within surrounding areas, and information on current advocacy initiatives dedicated to improving available services.

paragraphs: The NAMI Family-to-Family program has been shown to empower families in the way they solve internal problems, and reduced the anxiety of participants in randomized controlled trials, a finding which was shown to persist 6 months later. These studies confirm preliminary findings that Family-to-Family graduates describe a permanent transformation in the understanding and engagement with mental illness in themselves and their family. Because a is at risk of poor by , Dixon and colleges sought out to strengthen the evidence basis by confirming the benefits attributed to Family-to-Family with a subset of individuals who declined participation during initial studies

paragraphs: The NAMI Family-to-Family program was found to be effective in increasing schizophrenia patient caregivers' self-efficacy while reducing a subjective burden and need for information. In light of recent research, Family-to-Family was added to the National Registry of Evidence-Based Programs and Practices.


title: Chūō, Tokyo

paragraphs: The municipality calls itself "Chūō City" in English.

paragraphs: On March 15, 1947, the ward was formed by combining the wards of Kyōbashi and Nihonbashi.

paragraphs: Chūō is in central Tokyo. It borders Tokyo Bay on the south. Minato is on the ward's southwestern border. Chiyoda is on the northwestern border. Sumida and Kōtō are on the east.

paragraphs: The most famous districts in Chūō are Ginza and Nihonbashi. Other districtsare Kabutochō and Tsukiji.

paragraphs: In area, Chūō is the second-smallest ward in Tokyo. Only Taitō is smaller.


title: Mai Safoora

paragraphs: Rabia Zaman Mai Safoora Qadiriyya (r.a) (رابعہ زماں حضرت مائی صفورہ قادریہ رحہ) or Mai Safoora was a holy Sufi lady of southern Punjab.

paragraphs: Her modesty and piousness are described by many contemporary historians.

paragraphs: Her Sufi position was accepted by the poet Ali Haider who previously believed that "a woman can't become Sufi".

paragraphs: Noor ud din Muhammad Saleh aka Saleh Muhammad Safoori (1759 - 25 May 1832) was the only son of Mai Safoora.

paragraphs: She was born in Jarala (a place in present Punjab, Pakistan). According to tradition, she was of Arab descent, her grandfather being one Abu'il'Fateh, who was an Arab merchant and a Qadiri Sufi by denomination. In her childhood, she got formal religious education in Islam and also learnt three languages, Punjabi, Persian and Arabic. In addition, she also obtained spiritual-mystical training.

paragraphs: At the time of her birth, the Punjab was under the Mughal Empire. But after the death of Nader Shah, Ahmad Shah Durrani the Afghan in 1747 became the Padshah (King) and most of the area was ceded to him along with Sindh by the weak Mughals, in order to save themselves from Afghan attack. This was the foundation of the Afghan Durrani Empire which remained in power from 1747 until 1826. This period also coincided with much of her life, by and large. After that the Punjab came under the Sikh Empire (1799–1849) and was later annexed to British India in March 1849.

paragraphs: She was supposedly married to one Khawaja Noor Muhammad and had two children by him. Whilst living a normal domestic life, she also practiced her ascetic beliefs and was very pious and devoted to prayer. In time, it is claimed she performed several miracles and attained to a high degree of faith. After her demise, her family and various locals set up a small shrine over her grave where people would come to pray and ask for assistance >. After her demise she was titled 'Rabia Zaman' by people, indicating that she was the 'Rabia of the Age' (after the earlier Arabic Sufi saint Rabia Basri).

paragraphs: She had two children. The name of the son is Noor-ud-din Muhammad Saleh aka Saleh Muhammad Safoori (1759-1832). And daughter was Saleha.

paragraphs: The descendents of Saleh Muhammad Safoori are still living in same area where she was born, lived and died.


title: Edogawa, Tokyo

paragraphs: The municipality calls itself "Edogawa City" in English.

paragraphs: Edogawa is in eastern Tokyo. It borders Tokyo Bay on the south. Kōtō and Sumida are on the west. Katsushika is on the northwestern border. On the east, the ward shares boundaries with the cities of Urayasu, Ichikawa and Matsudo in Chiba Prefecture.


title: Jackie Brown

paragraphs: Jackie Brown is a 1997 American crime drama movie directed by Quentin Tarantino set in Los Angeles. It is based on a book by Elmore Leonard. It stars Samuel L. Jackson, Pam Grier, Robert De Niro, Robert Forster, Chris Tucker, LisaGay Hamilton, Sid Haig and Bridget Fonda with Michael Keaton. It opened in theaters on December 25, 1997 in the United States. It is almost 154 minutes long. It was distributed by Miramax.


title: 100 Landscapes of Japan (Heisei period)

paragraphs: The is a list of famous scenic sites in Japan. This list was developed during the reign of the current emperor.

paragraphs: The top three are Mount Fuji, Shosenkyo gorge in Yamanashi Prefecture, and Shiretoko in Hokkaido.

paragraphs: A national poll was part of creating the at the beginning of Emperor Hirohito's reign.

paragraphs: The "Nichi Nichi Shimbun" and "Mainichi Shimbun" supported the selection process during 1927.

paragraphs: In 2009, the "Yomiuri Shimbun" sponsored an update. The newspaper and its readers selected the . This new selection was supported by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism.

paragraphs: Three hundred sites were nominated and more than 640,000 votes were collected during the polling process.


title: Pieter de Grebber

paragraphs: Pieter de Grebber (around 1600-1652 or 1653 in Haarlem) was a Dutch painter. He was the oldest son of Frans Pietersz de Grebber. He learned how to paint from his father, and from Hendrik Goltzius.


paragraphs: The Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina (); or colloquially San Andrés y Providencia is one of the departments of Colombia. It consists of two island groups about northwest of Colombia and from the coast of Nicaragua, and eight outlying banks and reefs. Its capital is San Andrés.

paragraphs: In 2005, about 65.000 people lived on San Andrès, and about 5.000 on Providencia. About 200 lived on Santa Catalina, which lies right next to Providencia.


title: 100 Landscapes of Japan (Shōwa period)

paragraphs: The is a list of famous scenic sites in Japan. This list was developed early in the Shōwa period which was the reign of Emperor Shōwa.

paragraphs: The "Nichi Nichi Shimbun" and "Mainichi Shimbun" supported the selection process during 1927. Also, groupings of "Eight Views" and "Twenty-five Sites" were developed.


title: Amélie Mauresmo

paragraphs: Amélie Simone Mauresmo (born 5 July 1979) is a French retired tennis player.

paragraphs: Mauresmo was born in Saint-Germain-en-Laye. She turned professional in 1993. She was the world number 1 women's singles from 13 September to 17 October 2004 and from 20 March to 12 November 2006. She won a silver medal in singles at the 2004 Summer Olympics. In 2006, she won the Australian Open and Wimbledon. She retired in 2009.

paragraphs: In June 2014, Mauresmo became Andy Murray's coach.


title: Erin Brockovich

paragraphs: Erin Brockovich (born 22 June 1960 in Lawrence, Kansas) is a legal clerk and an environmental activist. Brockovich was important in making cases against the Pacific Gas and Electric Company in California. It was the largest direct-action lawsuit in history at $333 million. Since the 2000 movie "Erin Brockovich", she has hosted "Challenge America" on ABC. She presented the documentary series "Final Justice with Erin Brockovich" in 2003.


title: Indirect speech

paragraphs: Indirect speech is a way of reporting what somebody said without using their exact words. Indirect speech does not use quotation marks.


title: Erin Brockovich (movie)

paragraphs: Erin Brockovich is a 2000 American docudrama movie. It stars Julia Roberts as environmental activist Erin Brockovich. It is about Brockovich's legal actions in California against companies there in the 1990s. This movie was nominated for several Academy Awards. Roberts won an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award for her role. In the movie, the real Erin Brockovich has a as a waitress named Julia.


title: 32-bit

paragraphs: In computer architecture, 32-bit integers, memory addresses, or other data units are those that are at most 32 bits wide. Windows versions for 32-bit architecture are limited to 3.56 gigabytes of viewable memory due to the 32-bit address bus.


title: Anticyclonic storm

paragraphs: Anticyclonic storms are weather systems that are very similar to a hurricane. They spin in the opposite direction to tropical cyclones, however.


title: Nutcracker

paragraphs: A nutcracker is a mechanical device for cracking open the shells of nuts. Nutcrackers are usually made of a lever which squeezes the shell of a nut until it cracks open. The earliest use of the term "nutcracker" in English dates to 1481.


title: Ballet Master

paragraphs: Ballet Master (also Balletmaster, Ballet Mistress, "Premier Maître de ballet" or "Premier Maître de ballet en Chef") is an employee of a ballet company. The Ballet Master is responsible for keeping the dancers in the company to a high level of competence.

paragraphs: Ballet masters (or ballet mistresses for women) teach the daily company ballet class. They rehearse the dancers for both new and old ballets in the company's repertoire. The artistic director of a ballet company may also be called its ballet master.


title: Celesta

paragraphs: The celesta is a keyboard musical instrument. It looks like an upright piano. When a key is depressed, a hammer strikes a steel plate. The range is three to five octaves. There may be a pedal to sustain or dampen the sound. Tchaikovsky's "Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy" from "The Nutcracker" is probably the most famous piece of music written for the celesta. 'Celeste' means "heavenly" in French. The celesta was invented in 1886.


title: Provinces of South Korea

paragraphs: Provinces are the first-level division within South Korea. Governors for these provinces are elected every four years.

paragraphs: A province () is the highest-ranked administrative divisions in South Korea. Provinces have equal status to the Korean special cities.

paragraphs: A special autonomous province () is a province with more autonomy over its economy and more powers are given to the provincial government. Jeju is the only special autonomous province.

paragraphs: Note: Daegu is excluded because it is the capital but is not legally part of the province.