title: Ecbatana

paragraphs: Ecbatana was an ancient Iranian city. It was the capital city of the Median Empire. There is a modern Iranian city that was built in the same place as Ecbatana. It is called Hamadan.


title: Dynasties in Chinese history

paragraphs: Many Chinese dynasties have ruled the country during its history. China is a society which has had a very long history. This history was affected by the dynasties which have ruled it. They have slowly changed China into its current form.

paragraphs: The Xia dynasty lasted from 2070 BC until 1600 BC. It was the first ruling dynasty in Chinese history. The Xia was probably created by emperor Yu the Great. It is not known for certain if the Xia dynasty actually existed. Many people think that the Xia dynasty is only a legend. This is because there is no evidence that can prove that there was some dynasty before 1600 BC. There were found some archaeological excavations from 1500 BC which may come from the Xia dynasty. For example one of the excavations causes archaeologists to believe that the foundations of China were created during the Xia dynasty. Also there are findings of the oldest Chinese calendar called a lunar calendar. Xia dynasty was ended by a dynasty named Shang.

paragraphs: The Shang dynasty lasted from 1600 BC until 1046 BC. It started when Tang took control from the last Xia emperor, Jie. The dynasty ended with the suicide of Di Xin.

paragraphs: The Shang dynasty was important for Chinese culture. The first Chinese character fonts were created at this time. They were mainly used by seers and shaman. People made their own ritual vessels, agricultural and craft tools and even weapons. Everything was made of cast bronze.

paragraphs: In agriculture, millets, wheats and rice were the main crops. Mulberries were also grown. They were used to feed mulberry silkworms.

paragraphs: The Zhou dynasty lasted from 1045 BC until 256 BC. The Shangs had became weak because they were always fighting with a neighboring tribes. This was good for the less advanced Zhou. They defeat the Shang in the current town of An-yang. After that, the Zhou dynasty took the government. They ruled for the longest time of all Chinese dynasties.

paragraphs: Zhous were nomadic shepherds from the Shanxi province. The rulers of Zhou dynasty divided the country into four smaller areas. Each of these areas were controlled by relatives and members of aristocracy. Princes controlled fortified towns with a peasant background. They also helped the rulers at times of war. This form of government allowed the Zhou rulers to control more area.


title: Ethernet hub

paragraphs: An ethernet hub is an electronic device that runs a computer network. It is a simple device and is easy to configure. A hub acts like a repeater: all data that arrives to one port is sent to all other ports (without looking at IP address for the data's destination). That means that all devices in this network will get all data. A hub is a very simple device and does not operate Ethernet traffic. In contrast, a switch hub has a lower latency. Many hubs have LED signal lamps to show the state of the hub (which ports are connected and if the hub is working). A "collision" happens when two or more devices on the same network try to send packets at the same time. When collisions happen all of the devices have to go through a routine to resolve the conflict. The process is set in the Ethernet Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) protocol.

paragraphs: Some hubs may also come with a BNC and/or Attachment Unit Interface (AUI) connector to allow connection to legacy 10BASE2 or 10BASE5 network segments.

paragraphs: Historically, the main reason for purchasing hubs rather than switches was their price. Today few hubs are produced, because they are not an effective solution for building networks.


title: Heian-kyō

paragraphs: In 794, Emperor Kammu established this city as Japan's capital. The move from Heijō-kyō to Heian-kyo marks the beginning of the Heian period of Japanese history.

paragraphs: The design of Heian-kyō mirrored grid pattern of Chang'an, which was the Tang Dynasty capital of China.


title: Nagaoka-kyō

paragraphs: In 784, the Emperor Kammu moved the capital from Nara.

paragraphs: In 794, Kammu moved the capital to Heian-kyō.


title: Lancaster, Pennsylvania

paragraphs: Lancaster (Pennsylvania Dutch: "Lengeschder") is a city in the south-central part of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. It is the county seat of Lancaster County. It is one of the older inland cities in the United States. It has a population of 59,322. It ranks eighth in population among Pennsylvania's cities. The Lancaster metropolitan area population is 507,766. So, it is 101st among US metropolitan areas.

paragraphs: Lancaster was home to James Buchanan, the nation's 15th president, and to congressman and abolitionist Thaddeus Stevens.

paragraphs: The city's primary industries include healthcare, tourism, manufacturing, and professional services. It also has the Park City Center shopping mall. A controversial, citywide video surveillance system includes the most outdoor cameras per capita of any US city.

paragraphs: It was first called Cuteanal Town. Its first leader, John Wright, renamed the city after his home English city of Lancaster. The city's symbol, the red rose, is from the House of Lancaster. Lancaster was part of the 1681 Penn's Woods Charter of William Penn, and was laid out by James Hamilton in 1734. It was incorporated as a borough in 1742 and incorporated as a city in 1818. When the British captured Philadelphia in the American Revolution, Lancaster became the capital of the colonies on September 27, 1777. After the Continental Congress met one day, they moved still farther away, to York, Pennsylvania. The Pennsylvania government also moved from Philadelphia to Lancaster, but stayed in Lancaster until the British troops left Philadelphia. Lancaster was capital of Pennsylvania again from 1799 to 1812, after which the capital was moved to Harrisburg.

paragraphs: In 1737, the Lancaster County Prison was built in the city, styled after Lancaster Castle in England. The prison remains in use. Public hangings were conducted there until 1912.

paragraphs: The first paved road in the United States was the former Philadelphia and Lancaster Turnpike (which makes up part of the present-day U.S. Route 30). The Turnpike opened in 1795. The Turnpike connected the cities of Lancaster and Philadelphia, and was designed by a Scottish engineer named John Loudon MacAdam. Lancaster residents are known to use the word, ""macadam"", instead of "pavement" or "asphalt". This name is a reference to the paving process used by MacAdam.

paragraphs: The city of Lancaster was home to several important figures in American history. Wheatland, the estate of James Buchanan, the fifteenth President of the United States, is one of Lancaster's most popular attractions. Thaddeus Stevens, considered among the most powerful members of the United States House of Representatives, lived in Lancaster as an attorney. Stevens gained notoriety as a Radical Republican and for his abolitionism. The Fulton Opera House in the city was named for Lancaster native Robert Fulton, who had designed the modern steamboat.

paragraphs: After the American Revolution, the city of Lancaster became an iron-foundry center. Two of the most common products needed by pioneers to settle the Frontier were manufactured in Lancaster: the Conestoga wagon and the Pennsylvania long rifle. The Conestoga wagon was named after the Conestoga River, which runs through the city.

paragraphs: In 1803, Meriwether Lewis visited Lancaster to be educated in survey methods by the well-known surveyor Andrew Ellicott. During his visit, Lewis learned to plot latitude and longitude as part of his overall training needed to lead the Lewis and Clark Expedition.

paragraphs: In 1879, Franklin Winfield Woolworth opened his first successful "five and dime" store in the city of Lancaster. The F. W. Woolworth Company is succeeded by Foot Locker.

paragraphs: Lancaster was one of the winning communities for the All-America City award in 2000.

paragraphs: Lancaster is located at 40°02'23" North, 76°18'16" West (40.039860, -76.304366), and is above sea level.

paragraphs: The city is located about southeast of Harrisburg, west of Philadelphia, north-northeast of Baltimore and north of Washington, D.C.

paragraphs: According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which, of it is land and 0.14% is water.

paragraphs: According to Lancaster's 2009 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are:

paragraphs: Lancaster has one of the highest rates of green roof space per capita in the US.Lancaster now has of green roofs for a city with a downtown population of 65,000.

paragraphs: Community discussion of rising crime rates sought to avoid a government- or police-operated system of cameras. The Lancaster Community Safety Coalition (LCSC) was registered with the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania as a nonprofit in 2004 to carry out the implementation and operation of a video surveillance system. Paid LCSC staff are background checked by the FBI and trained to monitor the network of 164 closed-circuit TV cameras in the city of Lancaster.

paragraphs: In 2009, the LCSC's expansion from a 70 to a 165 camera network attracted national attention. The national attention led to people asking to end the system. MSNBC commentator Keith Olbermann used the story in his 'Worst Person in the World' segment, "calling out the 'citizen patriots of Lancaster, Pennsylvania' and criticizing them for spying on each other". The surveillance system was also featured on ABC's "Nightline" and "CBS Evening News".

paragraphs: Although public opinion was initially mixed among Lancaster residents, statistical and anecdotal data suggest that the network of cameras is achieving the desired effect. In the fall of 2010, the Lancaster Community Safety Coalition was among several factors credited for a 13.7% drop in Lancaster's violent crime rate according to the FBI's Unified Crime Report (UCR). Property crime dropped 7.1% during the same period. Neighboring cities have not experienced similar reductions in crime. Although in the year 2010, cameras only helped solve 28 of the 6,653 crimes committed in the city in the year 2010. Although the year of 2009 received a reduction in violent crimes of over 13% and recorded 465 violent offenses, the following year of 2010 saw a rise in violent offenses. Violent offenses jumped from 465 in 2009 to 511 in 2010. Lancaster Community Safety Coalition had a success rate of preventing and helping police catch a suspect in .037% of crimes committed and Lancaster has more unsolved homicides since the installation of the cameras.

paragraphs: The Red Rose Transit Authority (RRTA) provides local bus transit to Lancaster City as well as surrounding areas in Lancaster County. RRTA is headquartered outside the City of Lancaster.

paragraphs: Bieber Trailways (formerly Capitol Trailways) provides intercity bus transit from the Lancaster Train and Bus Station to King of Prussia, Philadelphia, and New York City to the east, and York and Harrisburg to the west.

paragraphs: Amtrak also serves the Lancaster Train and Bus Station, located on the northernmost edge of the city at 53 East McGovern Avenue. The "Pennsylvanian", with service between Pittsburgh and Philadelphia, as well as the "Keystone Service", which runs from Harrisburg to New York via Philadelphia, both serve Lancaster.

paragraphs: The city is served by the Lancaster Airport, located six miles (10 km) north of downtown and just south of Lititz.

paragraphs: Lancaster is also a hub for automobile traffic, with so many major roadways passing through or around the city, including US-30, US-222, PA-283, PA-72, and PA-272.

paragraphs: The city of Lancaster hosts several museums that preserve its important contributions to society. The Demuth Museum is in the former home of a well-known Lancaster painter named Charles Demuth. Additional art museums include the Lancaster Museum of Art and the Philips Museum of Art on the campus of Franklin & Marshall College. Art students at the state-of-the-art Pennsylvania College of Art and Design present their works at the academy's gallery that is open to the public. Another newly constructed museum, completed in 2007, is the Lancaster County Quilts and Textile Museum that celebrates the hand-sewn quilts and other textile items produced by the region's Amish and Mennonite communities. Lancaster also possesses two other museums showing Pennsylvania Dutch heritage with the Lancaster Mennonite Historical Society Museum and the Heritage Center Museum. Children can have a hands-on experience with educational learning at the Hands-on House, also known as Children's Museum of Lancaster. Nature and geology-minded visitors can view the more earthly exhibits of the Louise Arnold Tanger Arboretum and the North Museum of Natural History and Science. Upon completion, the Lancaster County Convention Center will incorporate the Stevens and Smith Historic Site, a museum that will include the preserved home of Thaddeus Stevens and his confidante Lydia Hamilton Smith.

paragraphs: Education in Lancaster is provided by many private and public institutions. The School District of Lancaster runs the city's public schools. The local high school campuses are McCaskey and McCaskey East. Established in 1836, it is the second oldest school district in Pennsylvania. Lancaster Catholic High School was founded in 1926. It currently falls under the jurisdiction of the diocese of Harrisburg. With a P-12 enrollment of more than 500 students, Lancaster Country Day School is one of the region's largest independent nonsectarian schools. Founded in 1908 as the Shippen School for Girls, the school later became coeducational.

paragraphs: Lancaster area hosts several colleges and universities including: Consolidated School of Business, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster General College of Nursing & Health Sciences, Lancaster Theological Seminary, Lancaster Bible College, Pennsylvania College of Art and Design, Thaddeus Stevens College of Technology, Millersville University of Pennsylvania, Central Pennsylvania College,and the Harrisburg Area Community College.


title: Eurasian Union

paragraphs: The Eurasian Union () is a project of political and economic union whose members are Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, the Russian Federation, Tajikistan and could include other countries from Europe and Asia, such as, for example, countries that were once part of the USSR.

paragraphs: The idea was suggested in October 2011 by the Prime Minister of Russia, Vladimir Putin, but the idea was first proposed by the President of Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbayev, in a speech, in 1994, in Moscow. On 18 November 2011, the presidents of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia signed an agreement in which they agreed to create the Eurasian Economic Union by 2015. The agreement talked about the membership of candidate states and created the Eurasian Commission (which is based on the European Commission) and the Eurasian Economic Space, which both started work on 1 January 2012.


title: New Castle, Pennsylvania

paragraphs: New Castle is a city in western Pennsylvania near the border of Ohio. It is northwest of Pittsburgh.


title: Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania

paragraphs: Wilkes-Barre is a city in northeast Pennsylvania next to Scranton, Pennsylvania. The city is part of Scranton/Wilkes-Barre area.


title: Electronic gear shifting

paragraphs: In 1861, Pirren Michaux invented the first bicycle with pedals. Later bicycles are more complex. They have a drivetrain. The first bicycle gearshift was constructed at the beginning of the 20th century. It had two speeds. Now, some bicycles have electronic gear shifting.

paragraphs: The standard system for gearing up and down works with bowdens. A bowden is special kind of wound steel cable, which connects levers to the shifter, derailleur or brakes. As the rider pulls or taps a lever, the bowden reacts at the same time. That causes the bicycle to change gear.

paragraphs: Electronic works without bowdens. The system is digital. There is no wound steel cable. Instead, there are multiple combinations of 0 and 1. A battery placed under the frame powers the system. Each battery should last for 1000 km depending on the manufacturer. Then it needs to be recharged. Wires for data and power are hidden inside the frame. Parts of the shifting systems are connected to each other. Servomotors do the shifting. The shifter and derailleur have a pair of servomotors built into them. There is a self-adjustable microchip in the derailleur. The system has its own logic, which keeps the chain from dropping. There is no need for maintenance because the derailleur adjusts itself using the microchip.


title: Languages of Canada

paragraphs: Lots of languages are used in Canada. English and French are used by most Canadians. Only New Brunswick uses both English and French as its official languages. Quebec's official language is French. English and French are recognized by the Constitution of Canada as "official languages." This means that all laws of the federal government are in both English and French and that federal government services can be available in both languages.

paragraphs: Many Canadians believe that the relationship between the English and French languages is important.

paragraphs: To know how many people speak them, Canada's census collects a lot of kinds of information not collected in most other countries, including home language, mother tongue, first official language and language of work.

paragraphs: People speak other languages. About 18% of Canadians (about 6.1 million people, most are immigrants) have a language other than English or French as their first language or mother tongue. Nearly 3.5 million Canadians continue to use their other language most often, like when at home or in social settings. The biggest ones are Italian, German, Chinese, Punjabi, Arabic and Dutch.

paragraphs: Canada also has many native languages. But they are not spoken by many people (less than one percent of Canada), and fewer people speak them every year.


title: Underground Railroad

paragraphs: The Underground Railroad was a secret network of routes and safe houses used by black slaves in the United States to escape to free states and Canada with the help of abolitionists and those who had sympathy to their cause. The term is also applied to the abolitionists, both black and white, free and enslaved, who helped the slaves. Other various routes led to Mexico or overseas. Created in the early 1800s, the Underground Railroad was at its biggest between 1850 and 1860. One statistic suggests that by 1850, 100,000 slaves had escaped by the "Railroad". British North America, where slavery was not allowed, was a popular stopping point, as its long border gave many points of access. More than 30,000 people were said to have escaped there using the network at its best, although U.S. Census statistics shows only 6,000. The Underground Railroad fugitives' stories are recorded in the Underground Railroad Records.


title: Kagoshima, Kagoshima

paragraphs: Kagoshima is at the southwestern tip of Kyūshū.

paragraphs: It has been recognized as a core city since 1996.

paragraphs: Kagoshima was the center of Satsuma Province and the land of the Shimazu clan.


title: Kumamoto, Kumamoto

paragraphs: Kumamoto is in the south central part of Kyushu. Kumamoto is an ordinance-designated city since April 1, 2012.

paragraphs: In 1600, Kumamoto Castle was built by Kato Kiyomasa; and the city grew around it.


title: Bethlehem, Pennsylvania

paragraphs: Bethlehem is a city in eastern Pennsylvania close to Allentown. It's part of the Lehigh Valley Region.


title: Miyazaki, Miyazaki

paragraphs: Miyazaki is on the east coast of Kyushu.

paragraphs: It has been recognized as a core city since 1998.

paragraphs: Miyazaki is the traditional location of the first Imperial capital.

paragraphs: In 1940, the national government built the Hakkō Ichiu monument at the legendary site of Emperor Jimmu's palace.


title: Ōita, Ōita

paragraphs: It has been recognized as a core city since 1997.

paragraphs: In the 16th century, Ōita became a center for trade with the Portuguese.

paragraphs: Some famous places in Nishinomiya are Koshien Stadium, where the professional baseball team the Hanshin Tigers play, and Nishinomiya Gardens.

paragraphs: Ōita is on Beppu Bay in northeast Kyushu.


title: Saga, Saga

paragraphs: Saga is in northwest Kyūshū. Around 240,000 people live there.

paragraphs: Saga developed around Saga castle of the Nabeshima clan.

paragraphs: The city was the capital of Saga domain in the Edo period, and it was the capital of Hizen Province.

paragraphs: Every fall it holds the Saga International Balloon Fiesta.


title: George Thorogood and the Destroyers (album)

paragraphs: George Thorogood and the Destroyers is the first album from George Thorogood and the Destroyers. It includes the cover of "One Bourbon, One Scotch, One Beer". This song is a fan favourite which is still played in concerts today.


title: Lucky Star (song)

paragraphs: "Lucky Star" is the fourth single from Madonna's hit record "Madonna". The song was first released in United Kingdom in 1983. It was originally produced by Reggie Lucas, although during recording Madonna was not happy with the final results of the song. According to her, Lucas used too many instruments and did not consider her ideas for the song. She called her boyfriend (at the time), John Benitez, to remix her songs. When the "Lucky Star" video was released in 1984, her style and mannerisms became a fashion trend among younger people.


title: Axel Zwingenberger

paragraphs: Axel Zwingenberger (born 7 May 1955, Hamburg, Germany) is a blues and boogie-woogie pianist He is said to be one of the best boogie-woogie musicians in the world.

paragraphs: Zwingenberger was born in Hamburg, Germany. He had eleven years of piano training. In 1973 he listened to recordings of boogie-woogie pianists Albert Ammons, Meade Lux Lewis, and Pete Johnson. He joined piano playing partners Hans-Georg Moeller, Vince Weber and Martin Pyrker. In 1974, he played at the First International Blues-and-Boogie Woogie Festival of the West German Radio Station in Cologne which was followed by Hans Maitner's annual festival Stars of Boogie Woogie in Vienna.

paragraphs: 1975 Zwingenberger signed his first recording contract.Since then he made recordings with famous artists like Lionel Hampton, Jay McShann, Big Joe Turner, Lloyd Glenn, Joe Newman, Sippie Wallace, Mama Yancey, Champion Jack Dupree, Sammy Price, Ray Bryant, Charlie Watts, Bill Wyman, Vince Weber, and the Mojo Blues Band, among others. In spring 2009 he renewed his relationship with Charlie Watts, drummer of The Rolling Stones. Together with bassist Dave Green, they played concerts labeled as 'The ABC&D of Boogie Woogie'.

paragraphs: Being a steam engine fan since childhood he also edited a book with his own photos of steam engines. (Axel Zwingenberger, "Vom Zauber der Züge" - "The Magic of Trains" photo book - )

paragraphs: Zwingenberger also appeared on "Just For A Thrill" by Bill Wyman's Rhythm Kings


title: Naha

paragraphs: Naha is in the southern part of the largest island in the Ryukyu Island archipelago.

paragraphs: Once the capital of Ryukyu Kingdom was situated and its palace Shurijo rest. In 1879, Okinawa Prefecture was established; and Naha was made its capital.


title: Brick Lane

paragraphs: Brick Lane is a street in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, in the East End of London. It is part of an old area which includes Bethnal Green, Whitechapel, Spitalfields and Petticoat Lane.

paragraphs: Today, it is the heart of the city's British Bangladeshi community and is known to some as "Banglatown". It is famous for its many curry houses. It has a most interesting history.

paragraphs: Brick Lane gets its name from former brick and tile manufacture, using the local brick earth deposits, that began in the 15th century.

paragraphs: Successive waves of immigration began with Huguenot refugees spreading from Spitalfields, where the master weavers were based, in the 17th century. This started a connection with clothing which lasted for over three centuries.

paragraphs: The Huguenots were followed by Irish, Ashkenazi Jews and, in the last century, Bangladeshis. The area became a centre for weaving, tailoring and the clothing industry, due to the abundance of semi- and unskilled immigrant labour.

paragraphs: Brewing came to Brick Lane before 1680, with water drawn from deep wells. One brewer was Joseph Truman, first recorded in 1683. His family went on to establish the sizable Black Eagle Brewery on Brick Lane.

paragraphs: The Brick Lane Market was developed in the 17th century for fruit and vegetables. The Sunday market, like the ones on Petticoat Lane and nearby Columbia Road, dates from a dispensation given to the Jewish community. The Brick Lane Farmers' Market opened 6th June 2010.

paragraphs: Emma Elizabeth Smith was viciously assaulted and robbed in Osborn Street, the part of Brick Lane that meets Whitechapel High Street, in the early hours of 3 April 1888. It was one of the first of the eleven Whitechapel Murders, some of which were done by the serial killer, Jack the Ripper.

paragraphs: In 1742, La Neuve Eglise, a Huguenot chapel, was built on the corner of Brick Lane and Fournier Street. By 1809, it had become The Jews’ Chapel, for promoting Christianity to the expanding Jewish population, and became a Methodist Chapel in 1819 (John Wesley having preached his first covenant sermon at the nearby Black Eagle Street Chapel). In 1898, the building was consecrated as the Machzikei HaDath, or Spitalfields Great Synagogue. In 1976, it became the London Jamme Masjid (Great London), to serve the expanding British Bangladeshi community. The building is Grade II* listed. Many Bangladeshi immigrants to Brick Lane were from the Greater Sylhet region. These settlers helped shape Bangladeshi migration to Britain; families from Jagannathpur and Bishwanath tend to dominate in the Brick Lane area today.


title: Georgetown, South Carolina

paragraphs: Georgetown is a city in eastern South Carolina on the Atlantic Ocean. The city is midway between Charleston and Myrtle Beach.


title: Myrtle Beach, South Carolina

paragraphs: Myrtle Beach is a city in northeast South Carolina near the Atlantic Ocean. It is located in Horry County. It is close to the state line of North Carolina.


title: Valve Hammer Editor

paragraphs: Valve Hammer Editor, which used to be called Worldcraft and is now often called Hammer, is Valve Corporation's map creation program for their game engines, Source and formerly GoldSrc. Worldcraft was originally made for Quake and Quake II, but is now used on other games such as "Half-Life 2", "" and "Left 4 Dead 2".

paragraphs: In September 1996, Ben Morris created and released the original Worldcraft as a tool for making custom Quake maps. On July 14, 1997, Valve hired Ben Morris and started to use Worldcraft in "Half-Life".

paragraphs: Hammer uses four windows: three grids and a 3D view. Many tools are available to the user. Work on a map starts by the user creating the main world out of blocks called "brushes". These brushes can be made to look different by selecting images called "textures" to paint onto it. Many other tools can change the look and shape of these brushes to create any shape or figure the user wants.

paragraphs: Smaller parts of a level can be made out of "props", which cannot be made in Hammer and only in a 3D drawing program. Special devices called "entities" can be used to give a level functionality. Entities can be anything from where the player starts (called "info_player_start" in Hammer) to specific guns to non-player characters.

paragraphs: Maps save in the ".vmf" (Valve Map File) format, but cannot be played in-game until it is compiled. Compiled maps take all the entities and lights and transform it into a format that the desired game can read (".bsp").


title: Svitavy

paragraphs: Svitavy (German: "Zwittau") is a town in the Czech Republic. About 17,000 people live there. A small river, also called Svitava, flows through the city from a nearby spring.

paragraphs: The original settlement with a church was founded by monks from and called after the flowing river Svitava. Later German settlers started to come here. They founded a new village with a church of St.Giles. Original Svitava slowly merged with the new village. The area around Svitavy became the subject of conflict between the bishop of Olomouc and a monastic manor from Litomyšl, 1256 conflict was settled in favour of the Bishop of Olomouc. So the year 1256 started the history of our town. In 2006 we celebrated 750 year from the foundation of town Svitavy.

paragraphs: The town has a permanent museum exposition called Searching the Star of David - Oskar Schindler - Righteous Among the Nations (“Hledání Davidovy hvězdy - Oskar Schindler - Spravedlivý mezi národy“).


title: Sunset Boulevard

paragraphs: Sunset Boulevard is a long road in west Los Angeles. It stretches 24 miles (39 km) from Figueroa Street in downtown (central) Los Angeles to the Pacific Coast Highway in Pacific Palisades at the Pacific Ocean. Part of the Boulevard, called Sunset Strip, passes through Hollywood.

paragraphs: The boulevard is at least four lanes wide for all of the route. Car accidents are not uncommon due to the lack of a central divider on most sections. The road also has difficult curves and hills that a driver cannot see over.

paragraphs: Sunset often has more cars on it than were planned for. It is worn, and has cracks and potholes. Traffic on Sunset is often slow, especially during the rush hour. But when traffic is mild, Sunset is a fast thoroughfare because it has few (and short timed) traffic lights in the western part. Even at rush hours, cars move without waiting, as the lights are well spaced and timed.

paragraphs: This is the 1½ mile (2.4) km strip running through West Hollywood. The Strip is well-known; it has boutiques, restaurants, and nightclubs that are part of the entertainment industry. It is also known for its trademark array of huge, colorful billboards and is a 'hangout' for rock stars, movie stars and other entertainers.

paragraphs: Sunset Strip was the location of a popular TV show "77 Sunset Strip" (1958–1964), starring Ephrem Zimbalist Jnr. Many young stars made an appearance in the series.

paragraphs: Sunset Boulevard gave its name to a famous 1950 movie of the same name, starring Gloria Swanson, William Holden and Eric von Stroheim.


title: 3D television

paragraphs: The function of 3D television is making a two-dimensional screen look like its picture is in three dimensions. This effect starts when we observe two shifted displays.

paragraphs: 3D televisions in shops and e-shops are in 90% of cases stereoscopic. Glasses are used to see the picture in three dimensionals. The glasses divide display into two components (either shifted in color or otherwise).

paragraphs: 3D TV can do anything as well as 2D TV. The newest types of TV even can convert 2D into 3D but the quality is low.

paragraphs: Movies in 3D format are still scarce. Few people would invest their money into partially exploited machine.

paragraphs: The best 3D television images are on larger television screens.

paragraphs: The closer a person sits to the screen, the stronger the 3D effect. Three-dimensional image processing is also more difficult for the brain.

paragraphs: Because the observation of 3D space in a 3D TV is so hard, viewers should be sitting during the watching 3D TV.


title: Martha Argerich

paragraphs: Martha Argerich (born 5 June 1941 in Buenos Aires, Argentina) is an Argentine classical pianist of Jewish descent.

paragraphs: Argerich was born in Buenos Aires and started playing the piano at age three. At the age of five, she moved to teacher Vincenzo Scaramuzza. Argerich gave her first concert in 1949 at the age of eight.

paragraphs: The family moved to Europe in 1955 where Argerich studied with Friedrich Gulda in Austria. She later learned with Stefan Askenase and Maria Curcio. Argerich also had brief periods of learning with Madeleine Lipatti (widow of Dinu Lipatti), Abbey Simon, and Nikita Magaloff. In 1957, at sixteen, she won both the Geneva International Music Competition and the Ferruccio Busoni International Competition, within three weeks of each other.

paragraphs: Argerich started to become famous around the world when she won the Seventh International Chopin Piano Competition in 1965 at the age of 24. She also made a recording in the same year, including pieces by Chopin, Brahms, Ravel, Liszt, and Prokofiev.


title: The Black Cauldron

paragraphs: The Black Cauldron is a fantasy novel written by Lloyd Alexander. It was published in 1965 as the second book in The Chronicles of Prydain series. "The Black Cauldron" was awarded a Newbery Medal. "The Black Cauldron" centers around Taran, an Assistant Pig-Keeper who lives in the fantasy land of Prydain.

paragraphs: The book begins with a meeting of many leaders. They make plans to stop the evil Arawn from taking over Prydain. The leaders decide to steal the Black Cauldron, a powerful tool, from Arawn. Prince Gwydion, the war lord of Prydain, leads a band of people into Annuvin, Arawn's country. When there, they learn that the cauldron has already been stolen. The Fair Folk (fairies) tell the group that the witches of Morva stole the cauldron. Prince Ellidyr, a poor youngest son, sneaks away from the group so that he can steal the cauldron for himself. The rest of the group follows to save him from Arawn's soldiers, but are attacked themselves. In the battle, Fflewddur Fflam and Doli are separated from the group. Also, Adaon, son of the chief bard, is wounded very badly. Before he dies, he passes on a brooch to Taran. The brooch has magical powers and Taran uses it to find Fflewddur and Doli. They continue to Morva, where Taran trades the brooch for the cauldron. The group then tries to smash it, but the witches tell them it can only be destroyed when a living person dies in it willingly. On the way back, Ellidyr attacks the group and steals the cauldron. The group is later found by King Morgant and his men, who have captured Ellidyr and beaten him. Morgant plans to use the cauldron to rule Prydain. Morgant ties up the entire group and offers to free them if Taran will join his service. While they are talking, Doli turns invisible and frees the whole group. During the fight that follows, Ellidyr throws himself into the cauldron, destroying it. King Smoit then comes and attacks Morgant, killing him. The group is rescued.


title: Sloppy joe

paragraphs: A sloppy joe is an American dish of ground beef, onions, sweetened tomato sauce or ketchup and other seasonings, served on a hamburger bun.


title: Nokia E7

paragraphs: Nokia E7 is a mobile phone model from Nokia. It complements Nokia's higher-end N8, which does not have a QWERTY keyboard.

paragraphs: The phone has a 4-inch (diagonally measured) AMOLED screen.

paragraphs: The phone can connect to the internet using its built-in 3G, EDGE or WiFi radios. It can connect to other devices, such as computers or other phones with its Bluetooth radio.

paragraphs: The phone also contains a GPS receiver, which uses Nokia's Ovi maps software for street directions. The service is free for the E7 owners. Maps can be obtained through Nokia's Ovi market.

paragraphs: The phone has a non-autofocus camera that can take 8 megapixel photos or video in up to 720p at 25 fps.

paragraphs: The phone has no place for a memory card.

paragraphs: The phone is pre-loaded with an email client, a calendar, an office suite with support for Microsoft Word, Excel and PowerPoint, a PDF viewer and other common productivity applications.

paragraphs: The E7 uses the Symbian^3 operating system.


title: Telecommuting

paragraphs: Telecommuting or telework is a work arrangement in which employees have flexible working locations and hours. They use telecommunication links to work. Many work from home, while others, occasionally also referred to as nomad workers or web commuters utilize mobile telecommunications technology to work from coffee shops or other locations. Telework is a broader term, referring to substituting telecommunications for any form of work-related travel, thereby eliminating the distance restrictions of telecommuting. A person who telecommutes is known as a "telecommuter". A frequently repeated motto is that "work is something you do, not something you travel to".


title: Terra Nova (TV series)

paragraphs: Terra Nova was an American science fiction television series. It was broadcast from September 26 to December 19, 2011 on Fox. Fox has said they will not pick the series up for a second year. The series is shopped to other networks. The series tells the story of the Shannon family as they travel 85 million year into the past. The series starred Jason O'Mara and Stephen Lang.

paragraphs: In the future, Earth is overcrowded. Most plants and animals are extinct. The skies are dark grey and the air is barely breathable because of pollution. The only hope for humanity to survive is in the distant past. Scientists find a way to travel to the past. They decide to send people into prehistoric times. They want to try to rebuild civilization and not repeat the mistakes they have made in their own world. The group in the past calls their new home "Terra Nova". The name means "new land" in Latin. People are sent back in time in groups called "pilgrimages". The story told in the series begins in the year 2149. It continues 85 million years in the past.

paragraphs: The series is about the Shannon family as they join the Tenth Pilgrimage of settlers to Terra Nova. Jim Shannon is the father of the family. He is a former police officer. Jim’s wife, Elisabeth, is a surgeon. She is the newest member of Terra Nova’s medical team and the new chief medical officer. Jim and Elizabeth have three children; Josh, Maddy and Zoe. Josh () is their 17 year old son. Josh did not want to travel back in time because doing this meant he would have to leave his girlfriend. Upon arriving at Terra Nova, he finds himself instantly drawn to the beautiful and rule-breaking Skye. Maddy is Josh’s 15 years old sister. She hopes Terra Nova will give her a chance to reinvent herself. Zoe is the Shannon's 5 year old daughter.

paragraphs: When the Shannon family first gets to Terra Nova, they meet Commander Nathaniel Taylor. He is the first person to go to Terra Nova and leader of the settlement. Taylor warns the travelers that while Terra Nova is a place of new opportunities and fresh beginnings, all is not as idyllic as it looks. Along with blue skies, large waterfalls and vegetation, the land is full of danger. This danger is not just from the man-eating dinosaurs. There is also a second group of people lead by Mira, who is opposed to Taylor and his leadership. This group, the Sixers, came to Terra Nova on the Sixth Pilgrimage. Many of the people on that pilgrimage had secret reasons for being there.

paragraphs: The series was given both good and bad reviews. Before it was being broadcast, most critics liked the series. Near the middle of the season, this opinion changed. Many critics did not like the way the characters acted with each other. By the end of the season, the opinion of the critics had changed again and had become more positive.


title: Tokushima, Tokushima

paragraphs: Tokushima is on Shikoku island at the mouth of the Yoshino River.

paragraphs: Tokushima is a former castle town ("joka-machi") of the Hachisuka clan.


title: Polka

paragraphs: POLKA is a type of music that has influences of dance music that is popularized by Central Europeans. Polka is a popular folk music in Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, Czech Republic, Netherlands, Croatia, Slovenia, Germany, Hungary, Austria, Italy, Ukraine, Belarus, Russia and Slovakia. Local varieties of this dance are also found in the Nordic countries, United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland, Latin America (very much so in Mexico), and in the United States.


title: Kōchi, Kōchi

paragraphs: The city of Kōchi is at Urado Bay on the Pacific coast.

paragraphs: It has been recognized as a core city since 1998.

paragraphs: Kōchi developed as a castle town which was the center of Tosa Province.


title: Dream pop

paragraphs: Dream pop began in the United Kingdom in the mid-1980s. It is a subgenre of alternative rock. Dream pop music is mainly about the singer's ethereal textures and mood (feelings). The musical instruments mainly played on dream pop music are the guitar, bass, drums, and synthesizers. Shoegaze is a type of dream pop. 4AD is a record label that is associated with dream pop. Some dream pop bands are My Bloody Valentine, Cocteau Twins, and Mazzy Star.


title: Takamatsu, Kagawa

paragraphs: Takamatsu is on the Inland Sea coast of Shikoku in Japan.

paragraphs: It has been recognized as a core city since 1999.

paragraphs: Takamatsu is the Shikoku port which is closest to Honshu from Shikoku island. Takamatsu was a castle town ("joka-machi").


title: Guilford County, North Carolina

paragraphs: Guilford County is a county. It is in the United States state of North Carolina. In 2010, the Census Bureau estimated that 491,230 lived there.


title: Fly fishing

paragraphs: Fly fishing is a method of sport fishing. An artificial fly is cast into the target area with a fly line and fly-fishing rod. This way, the fisherman or woman can catch a lot of fish, both freshwater and marine. Fly fishermen and women use special equipment, such as fly-fishing rod, fly-fishing reel, fly-fishing line, and pitfalls, which are made from natural or synthetic sling materials.

paragraphs: Fly fishing probably began in ancient Egypt, but its modern form goes all the way back to the England of the second half of the 19th century. The local fishermen caught fish with live and later artificial insects. This method began to spread to the rest of Europe. National and international competitions and championships were started. This has brought fly fishing to the attention of the public.

paragraphs: Lake fly fishing is done on backwaters and mostly on reservoirs, ponds and lakes. The actual hunt is done either from the bank or from the water, by fording or with the help of vessels like ships.

paragraphs: River fly fishing is usually done in flowing waters. It is normally done by fording. The fisherman or woman stands in the water dressed in special waders and wading boots. Fishing from the bank is also possible but it is not done very often.

paragraphs: Sea fly fishing is done by fording as well as fishing from a boat.

paragraphs: Dry fly fishing is done with a floating line. The bait floats on the water. The fly often looks like hatched insects or other food on the water surface.

paragraphs: Wet fly fishing is done with all types of fly-fishing lines. The fly is underwater and looks like drowned or newly hatched insects.

paragraphs: Streamer fishing is mostly done with sinking fly lines. The flies look like insects or other organisms.

paragraphs: Nymph fishing is done with all types of fly-fishing lines. The flies look like young insects.

paragraphs: Fly-fishing rod is a kind of fishing rod which is designed only for fly fishing. Its purpose is to give enough power to the fly-fishing line, which carries an artificial fly to the hunting area.

paragraphs: The fly-fishing line moves an artificial fly to the place of casting. It is only supposed to be used for fly fishing and with the fly-fishing rod and fly-fishing reel. It is not suitable for other ways of fly fishing because it would be damaged.

paragraphs: The fly-fishing reel is used for storing and backing the fly-fishing line. The fly line is stored in a coil. This coil revolves around its vertical axis in the reel. The fly-fishing line is reeled by moving the coil. The coil is secured with a handle.


title: Matsuyama, Ehime

paragraphs: Matsuyama is on the northwest coast of Shikoku.

paragraphs: It has been recognized as a core city since 2000.

paragraphs: The city is known for hot springs (onsen). Dōgo Onsen in Matsuyama is the oldest hot spring bath house in Japan.


title: Merkava

paragraphs: The Merkava is a main battle tank. It is developed and produced in Israel for the Israel Defense Forces. The tank was first introduced in 1978 and first used in combat during the 1982 Lebanon War. Four main versions have been developed. These are called Merkava Mark I – Mark IV.

paragraphs: When designing the Merkava tank, everything was subordinated to the survival aspect of the crew, the engine is placed in front of the tank and thus serves as an additional component of ballistic protection, while the crew can escape from the damaged Merkava door at the rear of the tank. The thick armor and high mobility make it one of the best protected tanks in the world. The design team that developed the first version of this tank, led by commander of the Israeli armored corps, Israel Tal.

paragraphs: The Mark I weighed 63 tons. It had 900 horsepowers and the maximum speed was 46 km/h. It was armed with a 105-millimeter M64 main gun, and the M68 was later installed. Coaxially with the main gun, a 7.62 mm machine gun was mounted; the turret featured two more 7.62 mm machine guns as well as a 60 mm mortar mounted externally.

paragraphs: The Mark II was almost the same as the Mark I. The main differences were the internal mortar, better mobility and better resistance.

paragraphs: The Mark III weighed 65 tons. It had 1200 horsepowers and the maximum speed was 60 km/h. It was armed with a 120-millimeter MG251 main gun. Other equipment was almost same as the Mark II. The Mark III was longer and had better armor than the Mark II, and some new systems such as fire-control system were added.

paragraphs: The Mark IV weighs 65 tons. It has 1500 horsepowers and the maximum speed is over 60 km/h. The Mark IV is armed with a 120-millimeter MG253 main gun using an electrical semi-automatic revolving magazine for 10 rounds. Coaxially with the main gun, a machine gun was mounted; on the turret, there is one more machine gun operated from inside the tank, in addition to an internally mounted 60-mm mortar. Mark IV has a new fire-control system that allows for shooting down helicopters; upgraded tracks; a digital battlefield management system; etc.

paragraphs: One tank (Mark I) was donated to the Prague Military Technical Museum (Czech Republic), the only such exhibit in the world outside Israel.


title: Mining in Kutná Hora

paragraphs: In the Middle Ages, Kutná Hora belonged to one of the most important cities in the Bohemian Kingdom. The silver mining started in the second half of 13th century. Unfortunately, the exact date and place, where it all started, remains unknown. Because of that there are lots of legends about the discovery of silver. The most common legend tells a story of a monk named Anthony from the monastery in Sedlec. According to this legend

paragraphs: the monk found out three silver rods at the foot of the hill.

paragraphs: The peak of mining in Kutná Hora was reached in 14th century. During ages there were lots of mines, but only few of them have been preserved. Last mine was closed during 17th century.

paragraphs: Mines were formed by shafts – pits going underground. Their depth varied from 20 to 150 metres.

paragraphs: Miners worked with simple tools. Only 50 dm3 of rock were extracted within a six-hour shift. This technology allowed them to reach depths ranging from 400 to 450 metres in 14th century. The deepest mine in 16th century was the Osel (donkey) mine, which reached the depth of 600 metres.

paragraphs: Mine was discovered in 1967 during a hydro-geological exploration of the heart of the city. Originally it was thought that the legendary Osel mine had been discovered. But further exploration proved that it is St. George mine.

paragraphs: The mine was established around 1330’s and remained operational until the end of 15th or beginning of 16th century.

paragraphs: Nowadays visitors may see 250 meters long tunnel, but in total there more than 800m of stopes, drifts or corridors. During those 250 meters it’s possible to see several interesting areas. Such as drifts to other levels of mine, exploration drifts, partly flooded stope, fragments of wooden drainage or wooden props (protection against collapsing of ceiling).


title: Ultima Online

paragraphs: Ultima Online is an fantasy-themed MMORPG (Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game) played all around the world. Game servers are called shards. The game was launched in 1997 by Origin Systems. Nowadays it is owned by Electronic Arts. Like in other games, play is mostly about getting the best character.

paragraphs: The game continues with game mechanisms from the original single player game "Ultima". It was designed as a kind of social and economic experiment.

paragraphs: Skill are measured in percent. The game has about 50 kinds of them. Magery, Necromancy, Alchemy, Mining... The highest amount of skill is 100%, but with special items it can be raised to 120%.

paragraphs: Basic player statistics are strength, intelligence and dexterity.

paragraphs: "Ultima Online" has a huge craft system. Players can make various things from weapons to whole ships.

paragraphs: Datadiscs mostly add new monsters, items and maps.

paragraphs: OSI (Origin Systems Inc., now part of EA) is the name for official servers (shards). These servers have run more than 10 years.

paragraphs: "Ultima Online" files can be easily modified. This ability gives a free hand to many projects. To run your shard, you need a server emulator. The EA games tolerates other projects.


title: Urdă

paragraphs: Urdă (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈurdə]) is a Romanian fresh white cheese made from whey of sheep, goat or cow.

paragraphs: Urdă is produced by heating the whey resulting from the draining of any type of cheese. It is often made into molds to the shape of a half sphere. The paste is finely grained, silky and palatable.

paragraphs: Since urdă is produced by Romanian shepherds since time immemorial in Romania, this product is considered a traditional Romanian dairy product. It is used especially in the preparation of several desserts as clătită and plăcintă.


title: Rântaş

paragraphs: Rântaş is a Romanian sauce based on oil and grilled flour. If chopped onions are added, the recipe is called "rântaş de ceapa". This sauce is a component of certain ciorba and the sarmale.


title: Azerbaijan Democratic Republic

paragraphs: The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (ADR; ) also known as Azerbaijan People's Republic () was the first successful attempt to establish a democratic and secular republic in the Muslim world (before the Republic of Turkey). The ADR was founded on May 28, 1918 after the collapse of the Russian Empire that began with the Russian Revolution of 1917 by the Azerbaijani National Council in Tiflis, Georgia. Its borders were with Russia in the north, Democratic Republic of Georgia in the north-west, Democratic Republic of Armenia in the west, and Persian Empire (Iran) in the south. It had a population of 2.86 million. Ganja was the temporary capital of the Republic as Baku, which is the de jure capital, was under Bolshevik control.

paragraphs: Under the ADR, a the government was a parliamentary system in which a parliament, called the Milli Majlis (National Assembly of Azerbaijan) elected on the basis of universal, free, and proportional representation, was the highest political institution of state authority and the Council of Ministers was responsible before it. Fatali Khan Khoyski became its first prime minister. Besides the political party Musavat who had the majority in parliament, other political parties were Ehrar, Ittihad, Muslim Social-democrats as well as representatives of Armenian (21 out of 120 seats), Russian, Polish, Jewish and German minorities gained seats in the parliament. Some members supported Pan-Islamist and Pan-Turkist ideologies.

paragraphs: Among the important accomplishments of the parliament was to give women the right to vote, making Azerbaijan the first Muslim nation to give women equal political rights with men. Apart from this accomplishment, Azerbaijan made these reforms earlier than the United Kingdom and the United States. Another important accomplishment of ADR was the establishment of Baku State University, which was the first modern-type university founded in Azerbaijan.

paragraphs: By March 1920, it became clear that Soviet Russia would attack and invade Azerbaijan. The Soviet Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin said that the invasion was justified by the fact that Soviet Russia could not survive without the Baku oil fields, which was at that time the largest oil field in the world with more than half of the world's oil reserves. According to the common opinion in Moscow, Russian Bolsheviks were to "help" the Baku proletariat (workers) in overthrowing the "counter-revolutionary nationalists", meaning the government and the state of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic.

paragraphs: After a major political crisis, the Fifth Cabinet of Ministers of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic resigned on April 1, 1920. On April 25, 1920, the Soviet Russian 11th Red Army crossed into Azerbaijan, entering Baku on April 27. They demanded the closing of the Azerbaijani parliament and set up their own Bolshevik government headed by Nariman Narimanov. To avoid bloodshed, the members of parliament had to agree with the demand and the ADR officially ended on April 28, 1920, giving way to the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (Azerbaijan SSR) as its successor state. The Red Army met very little resistance in Baku from the Azerbaijani army, which was tied up on the Karabakh front. The first Communist government of Azerbaijan consisted almost entirely of native Azerbaijanis from the left-wing political factions of the "Hummat" and "Adalat" political parties.

paragraphs: In May 1920, there was a major rebellion against the occupying Soviet Russian 11th Red Army in Ganja, who wanted to restore the Musavatists to power. The rebellion was crushed by government troops by May 31. Leaders of the ADR either fled to the Democratic Republic of Georgia, which was the last independent Caucasian country that was invaded in 1921 by Soviet Russia, then to Turkey and Iran, or were captured by Bolsheviks, like Mammed Amin Rasulzade, who was later allowed to emigrate (leave the country), or were executed (killed) like Gen. Selimov, Gen. Sulkevich, Gen. Agalarov, a total of over 20 generals, or assassinated by Armenian terrorists like Fatali Khan Khoyski and Behbudagha Javanshir. Most students and citizens travelling abroad remained in those countries never to return again to their country. Other important ADR military leaders like the former Minister of Defense General Samedbey Mehmandarov and deputy defense minister General Ali-Agha Shikhlinski (who was called "the God of Artillery" ) were at first arrested, but then released two months later thanks to efforts of Nariman Narimanov. Gen. Mehmandarov and Gen. Shikhlinsky spent their last years teaching in the Azerbaijan SSR military school.

paragraphs: In the end, "the Azeris did not surrender their brief independence of 1918-20 quickly or easily. As many as 20,000 died resisting what was effectively a Russian reconquest." However, the founding of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic was made easier by the fact that there was a certain popular support for Bolshevik ideology in Azerbaijan, among the industrial workers in Baku.


title: Warcraft: Lord of the Clans

paragraphs: Warcraft: Lord of the Clans is a novel written by writer Christie Golden. It is based on Blizzard Entertainment and was published in 2004. It is the second book in series of Warcraft.

paragraphs: The story was originally meant to be used for game but the project was canceled. The story itself wasn´t bad idea and role of main character was significant for games like Warcraft III or World of Warcraft. So the writer had to remake the story to form of book. She had only six weeks to do that.

paragraphs: Story is about son of orc Warchief. It started when he was a little baby. One day he and his parents were attacked by human soldiers in forest. Warchief and his wife were killed and one of humans took little orc baby with him to their base. The human was Aedelas Blackmoore and he named the baby Thrall which means slave to humans.

paragraphs: Blackmoore wasn´t sorry for him, he just wanted to use him as a source of power. His plan was to use Thrall as a Warchief and control through him orcs to serve Blackmoore.

paragraphs: Thrall and some other orcs were prisoned and learned to handle every weapon and how to use battle tactics effectively. They also tought Thrall basics of reading and writing. But he wanted to escape human base and find someone of his kind. One day his only human friend Taretha helped him. She set the base in fire and gave Thrall a chance to escape. Which he managed. After some time he found orc clan led by Grom Hellscream. When he learned some basic informations about orcs from Grom he headed to find his original clan, Frostwolf clan. There he met their shaman Drek´thar and Warchief Doomhammer. Drek´thar learned Thrall ancient ways of shamanism and Doomhammer told him about his parent´s death.

paragraphs: When Thrall managed art of shamanism, he raised together with Doomhammer an army against humans. Orcs won but Doomhammer died. In his last moments he granted Thrall the title of Warchief. Thrall decided to attack human base, home of Aedelas Blackmoore. He wanted to rescue imprisoned orcs there. They attacked and they succeeded in taking base. But only Blackmoore remained alive. Thrall went to his house, and when he entered he saw Blackmoore standing over dead body of Taretha. Angry Thrall killed blackmoore without any mercy. At the end he crushed base using his shamanistic powers and he informed other orc clans that they have new leader.


title: Saint Joseph's Catholic Church (Macon, Georgia)

paragraphs: Saint Joseph's Catholic Church is in Macon, Georgia. It was listed on the NRHP on July 14, 1971. It has the tallest twin towers in Macon. It is the 3rd tallest building in Macon, Georgia, at to the tip. The inside has 60 stained glass windows, which teach the story of Salvation. It has a white Carrara marble altar and pulpit. It has an organ with 1,000 pipes.


title: Chroma key

paragraphs: Chroma key is a technique that uses an image taken in front of a green (or blue) screen and changing the background of the picture to a different background the photographer may want. The chroma key is used in filming for movies, television shows and music videos.


title: Beach house

paragraphs: A beach house is a house on or near the beach. It is usually used as a second or vacation home.


title: Dominatrix

paragraphs: A dominatrix is a women who takes control over sexual pleasures or sexual positions in sexual activities. A dominatrix wears tight black-leather clothing and sometimes carries a stick (as a paddle) to punish her partner; this is called a fetish to many people who engage in this type of activity.


title: Telemundo

paragraphs: Telemundo is a major Spanish language television channel. The channel reaches 58 percent of Hispanic and Latino Americans. On average the channel gets 1,035,000 viewers.


title: Knoxville, Georgia

paragraphs: Knoxville, Georgia is an unincorporated community in Georgia. At the 2000 Census, the number of people that live in Knoxville was 69.


title: Hungry Eyes

paragraphs: Hungry Eyes is a song recorded by American singer Eric Carmen. It was featured in 1987 movie "Dirty Dancing". The song peaked at number four on the US Hot 100 and number two on the Adult Contemporary Tracks. The song is a rock ballad and has been covered by many artists worldwide.


title: Eric Carmen

paragraphs: Eric Carmen (born August 11, 1949) is an American singer. He recorded Hungry Eyes (which peaked at number four on the US Hot 100) for the movie soundtrack "Dirty Dancing". Carmen was born in Cleveland, Ohio.


title: Thunderstorm

paragraphs: Thunderstorms are small, intense weather systems that make strong winds, heavy rain, lightning, and thunder. Thunderstorms can happen anywhere with two conditions: the air near the Earth's surface must be warm and moist (with lots of liquid), and the atmosphere must be unstable. 100 lightning bolts hit the earth every second, and at any one moment, about 1,800 thunderstorms happen around the earth.

paragraphs: Thunderstorms are rare in winter, mostly because of cold weather. When they happen, it is called thundersnow. Thundersnow is common in blizzards.

paragraphs: Usually there are more clouds in the afternoon than in early morning. This is because the ground has warmed up enough by the afternoon for winds ("updrafts") to blow upward from the ground. When the air has gone high enough, the water vapor in it condenses into a cloud. The height where this happens depends on the temperature and humidity of the air. Sometimes the air can rise up as high as 5,000 to 10,000 feet (1,524 to 3,048 m) before a small cumulus cloud can condense from the invisible water vapor.

paragraphs: High, puffy little clouds do not change until a lot of moisture is added. This moisture helps the updraft. Moisture can add heat, which means the cloud will warm up inside and go up even faster. The moisture makes the cumulus cloud "mushroom" upwards and turn into a tall cumulus cloud. The winds inside this cloud are very strong. Thunder and lightning begins when the top of the cloud is 25,000 feet (7,280 m) high. The inside of the cloud is, by this time, cold enough so that the water drops are turned into ice crystals. A cumulus cloud stops growing when it hits the warm stratosphere. Some thunderstorms grow twice as high as Mount Everest!

paragraphs: Strong upper winds in the stratosphere smooth and spread the top of the cloud. This make the cloud look like the top of a mushroom or an anvil. The ice crystals in the anvil cloud give it a fuzzy look. As a thunderstorm grows, water drops or ice crystals inside the cloud hit and mix with each other, getting bigger. The bottom of the cloud grows dark with water about to fall. When the drops become so heavy that the winds inside the cloud cannot keep them up any more, they fall from the cloud as rain or hail. Even as they fall the water drops grow by mixing with the smaller drops, and makes big raindrops. Hail becomes bigger inside the cloud. One thunderstorm cloud usually runs out of energy in about 30 to 50 minutes. But supercell thunderstorms can last for hours until they dissipate by outflow.

paragraphs: Thunderstorms are very active with electricity and so are also called electrical storms.Lightning is a large electrical discharge that happens between two opposite charged surfaces.

paragraphs: When lightning strikes, energy is let out. This energy moves to the air and makes air spread quickly and send out sound waves. Thunder is the sound that comes from the rapid spread of air along the lightning strike. Thunder is slower than lightning, because light is faster than sound.

paragraphs: Only about 10% of thunderstorms are thought severe. Severe thunderstorms cause high winds of more than , hail 1 inch in diameter (24 mm), flash floods, and tornadoes. Hailstorms damage crops, damage the metal on cars, and break windows. Sudden flash floods that happen because of heavy rains is the biggest reason for weather-related deaths.

paragraphs: Lightning, which happens with all thunderstorms, makes thousands of forest fires each year in the United States. Lightning also kills or injures hundreds of people a year in the United States.

paragraphs: Regular thunderstorms begin when warm air near the ground mix with moist air, which makes an updraft (a wind that goes upward). A severe thunderstorm needs a strong "up"draft and a strong "down"draft. A strong updraft is made when, firstly, the ground is very hot; secondly, when the air is very moist; and thirdly, the air above is very cold. When the updraft gets stronger, so does the thunderstorm.

paragraphs: Flash floods happen when slow-moving thunderstorms pour down much more water than usual in a small area. It rains so hard that the water can not soak into the ground fast enough, and the water rushes down the mountainsides or hills into streams and rivers. These streams and rivers cannot carry all the water, so it quickly floods. The most severe flash flood makes the water level rise dangerously in streams, dry places, or canyons. Flash floods can make terrible mud slides and can move very quickly. They can roll big rocks, tear out trees, and destroy buildings and bridges.

paragraphs: Flash floods can also happen when two or more thunderstorms hit the same spot, one right after the other. They can happen when a dam bursts open or ice breaks up. Flash floods can also happen when it rains very hard on quickly melting snow.

paragraphs: Thunderstorms do not do only damage; however, they can be a great help to man and all living creatures. We get lots of water for many continents during the summer. Plants receive lots of life-giving rain when they need it. Without the thunderstorms, many continents would become dry. Fish would die, crops would fail, and animals would die.

paragraphs: Thunderstorms are also our natural air conditioners. Hot air at the surface rises up into the high atmosphere where the heat is put out into space. Clouds give us shades, and rain can cool down a hot day. Without thunderstorms, the earth would be as much as warmer. In the summer, dust, haze, and other pollutants come together in the lower atmosphere. When the air rises, either in cumulus clouds or in thunderstorms, spreads the pollution higher up into the atmosphere. Rain from thunderstorms washes away many of these pollutants out of the air.

paragraphs: Lightning in thunderstorms also helps keep the electrical balance between the earth and the atmosphere. Lightning is also fertilizer. When it splits through the sky, it changes nitrogen gas in the air to nitrogen compounds. These fall to the ground and are added to the soil. Nitrogen is one of the main ingredients in fertilizer. Ten percent of the nitrogen fertilizer needed for farming is made by lightning.

paragraphs: So, even though thunderstorms are dangerous, they can be a great help. They give summer water, cool the earth, and clean the air. Lightning balances the earth's electricity and helps fertilize the soil. And after a thunderstorm, sometimes there is a rainbow.

paragraphs: Some tips to keep safe in a thunderstorm are:


title: North Charleston, South Carolina

paragraphs: North Charleston, South Carolina is a suburb in the metropolitan area of Charleston. The area is extremely historical. The region has suffered hits from many severe hurricanes.


title: 2012 Atlantic hurricane season

paragraphs: The 2012 Atlantic hurricane season was an above average season in terms of ACE and damage but most storms were week and short lived. It was theevent that occurs when tropical cyclones develop in the Atlantic basin. The season began when Tropical Storm Alberto formed on May 19, 2012. Four days later, Tropical Storm Beryl developed. It became a subtropical storm and on May 27, was upgraded to a tropical storm. This is the first time since the 1908 Atlantic hurricane season that two storms formed before the official start date. The 2012 Atlantic hurricane season began on June 1 and ended on November 30, 2012. There were no storms formed in the month of July.

paragraphs: Tropical Storm Alberto formed on May 19, 2012. It became an "early season storm" because it formed before the official start of the season. Tropical Storm Alberto dissipated on May 22 without making landfall. Its maximun sustatined winds were at 60 miles per hour.

paragraphs: Tropical Storm Beryl developed. It became a subtropical storm and on May 27, was upgraded to a tropical storm. It hit Jacksonville, Florida.

paragraphs: Hurricane Chris was the third tropical system. It formed on June 19. It was also the first hurricane of the season, unexpectedly becoming one. It was in an unfavorable environment, with cool sea waters and moderate vertical wind shear. Chris, after weakening from a hurricane, became a non-tropical cyclone southeast of Newfoundland on June 22.

paragraphs: The following names were used for named storms in the North Atlantic in 2012. The names not retired from this list will be used again in the 2018 season. This is the same list used in the 2006 season. The names Kirk, Oscar, Patty, Rafael, Sandy, and Tony were used for Atlantic storms for the first time in 2012. Kirk replaced Keith after 2000, but was not used in 2006.

paragraphs: On April 11, 2013 the name "Sandy" was retired due to the damage and deaths it caused. Sandy was replaced with "Sara" for the 2018 Atlantic hurricane season.


title: Poutine

paragraphs: Poutine is a dish from Quebec, Canada that has French fries and cheese curds, covered with brown gravy or sauce. Sometimes more ingredients are added.

paragraphs: It is a fast food dish originally from Quebec sold by many national and international fast food chains like SourKeys, A&W, KFC and Burger King.


title: Bobby Pulido

paragraphs: Bobby Pulido better known as Bobby (born April 25, 1971) is an American Tejano singer. He has released many albums. Pulido has won awards such as "Album of the Year" and "Song of the Year" at the Tejano Music Awards. In 2011, he released a clothing line under his name.


title: Aichi Prefecture

paragraphs: Aichi prefecture was created by merging Owari Province and Mikawa Province.

paragraphs: Aichi has a strong industry. Cars are made here. Commerce, farming and fishing are also important areas of the economy.

paragraphs: Aichi faces Ise Bay and Mikawa Bay to the south.

paragraphs: The prefecture borders Shizuoka Prefecture to the east, Nagano Prefecture to the northeast, Gifu Prefecture to the north, and Mie Prefecture to the west.

paragraphs: National Parks are established in about 17% of the total land area of the prefecture.

paragraphs: "Oguni jinja", "Kotonomama Hachiman-gū", "Sengen jinja" and "Mishima jinja" are the chief Shinto shrines ("ichinomiya") in the prefecture.


title: Dylan Sprouse

paragraphs: Dylan Thomas Sprouse (born August 4, 1992) is an American actor and businessman. He is the twin brother of Cole Sprouse. He is known for his role as Zack Martin on the Disney Channel series "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody" and its spin-off, "The Suite Life on Deck".

paragraphs: He is also the co-founder of a New York brewery called All-Wise Meadery.


title: Cole Sprouse

paragraphs: Cole Mitchell Sprouse (born August 4, 1992) is an American actor. He is the twin brother of Dylan Sprouse.

paragraphs: He is known for his role as Cody Martin on the Disney Channel series "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody" and its spinoff "The Suite Life on Deck". In 2017, Sprouse began starring as Jughead Jones on The CW television series "Riverdale".


title: Emilio Navaira

paragraphs: Emilio H. Navaira III (August 23, 1962 – May 16, 2016) was an American musician and singer-songwriter. He was considered the "King of Tejano music". He won more awards at the Tejano Music Awards than any other male Tejano singer. He was born in San Antonio, Texas.

paragraphs: Emilio usually sings Mexican music and country music. Emilio's first country music single called "It's Not the End of the World" which reached the Top 30 on the country charts in 1995. In 1993, Emilio recorded a duet with Selena ("Queen of Tejano music") for her live album "Selena Live!". Emilio has been in several car accidents and had been locked up for DUI.

paragraphs: Navaira died in New Braunfels, Texas from a massive heart attack on May 16, 2016, aged 53.


title: Graciela Beltran

paragraphs: Graciela Beltran was born on December 29, 1974 in Costa Rica, Sinaloa, Mexico. Her family moved to Los Angeles when she was six. Beltran's compilation album with Selena called "Las Reinas Del Pueblo" sold 5 million copies, which became Beltran's first and only album to sell above 1 million copies. Beltran was chosen to sing, as a Cinco de Mayo celebration, in front of former U.S. president George W. Bush.


title: Box-set

paragraphs: A box-set is a package of compact discs, DVDs, or similar items that come in a special box.

paragraphs: Music box-sets can be remix albums, compilation albums or greatest hits albums that represents an artist's best works during their career. Box-sets are usually priced more than what regular CDs cost.

paragraphs: Box-sets for movies and television can contain extra scenes, behind-the-scenes, and interviews with the cast. A box-set for a television series can contain all the episodes for one season. A movie box-set can contain all the movies in a series.


title: Kenzō Tange

paragraphs: Tange was born in Osaka. He grew up in the small city of Imabari in Ehime Prefecture on the island of Shikoku in 1913.

paragraphs: Tange studied film at Nihon University to avoid joining the military.

paragraphs: In 1935, he began studying architecture at the University of Tokyo. Hideto Kishida and Shozo Uchida were two of his teachers.

paragraphs: Tange won a contest to design the Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere Memorial Hall in 1942.

paragraphs: After the war, he became a professor at the University of Tokyo and taught such architects as Arata Isozaki, Koji Kamiya, Kisho Kurokawa, Fumihiko Maki and Sachio Otani.

paragraphs: Tange was in charge of the rebuilding Hiroshima after World War II. He designed the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum.

paragraphs: In 1959-60 Tange was a founding member of the architectural movement called Metabolism.


title: Ryan Braun

paragraphs: Ryan Braun (born November 17, 1983) is a baseball player for the Milwaukee Brewers of Major League Baseball (MLB). He is an outfielder who plays in left field. He started his career as a Major leaguer in 2007 and won the Rookie of the Year award in 2007. He was a National League All Star in 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2011, and was the Most Valuable Player (MVP) in the National League in 2011.

paragraphs: Before playing in the major leagues, Braun played college baseball at the University of Miami. The Brewers chose him with the fifth pick in the 2005 MLB draft.

paragraphs: Braun is Jewish, and has said, "being Jewish is something I take great pride in". He has been nicknamed "the Hebrew Hammer".


title: Jacksonville, North Carolina

paragraphs: Jacksonville is a city in southeastern North Carolina.


title: West Des Moines, Iowa

paragraphs: West Des Moines is a city in central Iowa. It's a suburb of Des Moines, Iowa. It is the place where 12-year-old Johnny Gosch disappeared in 1982.


title: Los Tres Reyes

paragraphs: Los Tres Reyes are a group of three Mexican singers. They record mariachi and ranchera music. Their comeback album "Retorno De Los Tres Reyes" (2001) peaked within the top 20 of the Mexican Albums Chart. The album contained a cover version of Selena's "No Me Queda Mas" song. The group recorded the song as a duet with Selena and released a promotional music video. The group has sold over 1,600,000 copies in the United States.


title: Stiefenhofen

paragraphs: Stiefenhofen is a municipality in the district of Lindau in Bavaria in Germany. It is the seat of the administrative community of Stiefenhofen.


title: Wasserburg am Bodensee

paragraphs: Wasserburg am Bodensee is one of the three Bavarian municipalities on Lake Constance. It is a well known resort, since the atmosphere is thought to be healthy.


title: Weiler-Simmerberg

paragraphs: Weiler-Simmerberg is a market town in the district of Lindau in Bavaria in Germany.


title: Weißensberg

paragraphs: Weißensberg is a municipality in the district of Lindau in Bavaria in Germany.


title: Gudiyattam taluk

paragraphs: Gudiyattam taluk is a taluk in Vellore district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The headquarters of the taluk is the town of Gudiyattam.


title: Binary solution

paragraphs: A binary solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more than two substances whose composition can change within a certain limits. A solution of two substances is called binary solution. The boiling point of binary solution depends upon the solution composition and there can be three cases:


title: 25 Old Broad Street

paragraphs: Tower 42 is the third-tallest skyscraper in the City of London and the eighth tallest in Greater London. Its original name was the National Westminster Tower, having been built to house the National Westminster Bank's international division. Seen from above, the shape of the tower resembles that of the NatWest logo (three chevrons in a hexagonal arrangement).

paragraphs: The tower, designed by Richard Seifert and engineered by Pell Frischmann, is located at 25 Old Broad Street. It was built by John Mowlem & Co between 1971 and 1980, first occupied in 1980, and formally opened on 11 June 1981 by Queen Elizabeth II.

paragraphs: The construction cost was £72 million (approximately £ today). It is high, which made it the tallest building in the United Kingdom until the topping out of One Canada Square at Canary Wharf in 1990. It held the status of tallest building in the City of London for 30 years, until it was surpassed by the Heron Tower in December 2009.

paragraphs: The building today is multi-tenanted and comprises Grade A office space and restaurant facilities, with one restaurant situated on the 24th floor, and the other, a champagne and seafood bar, on the 42nd floor. In 2011 it was bought by the South African businessman Nathan Kirsh for £282.5 million.


title: Asteroid impact prediction

paragraphs: Asteroid impact prediction warns about asteroids hitting Earth, and when and where they will hit the Earth. Most asteroids will not hit Earth. Asteroid impact prediction works by finding the ones that will hit Earth. It finds asteroids that might hit Earth in the future. This works well for big asteroids as they can be seen easily from a long distance, many years before they come close to Earth.

paragraphs: There aren't many big asteroids, but there are millions of smaller space rocks. They are not normally bright enough to see until they are close to Earth. We use telescopes to find the asteroids that are going to hit Earth soon. The telescopes are not good enough to see the small asteroids unless everything is perfect. Because of this we almost never see them before they hit Earth.

paragraphs: The IAU Minor Planet Center (MPC) looks after all the asteroid information in the world. NASA's Sentry System is always checking the MPC asteroid information. It checks if any asteroids could hit earth in the future. It has not yet found any. The asteroid which is most likely to hit Earth is called . NASA thinks it will pass Earth in September 2095. They think it has less than a 1 in 10 chance of hitting Earth.

paragraphs: In the early 21st century impact prediction usually doesn't work. Almost all of the asteroids that hit Earth are a surprise. NASA wants to get better at impact prediction by building more powerful telescopes. A big new telescope, made for searching, is being built in northern Chile called the LSST. It is very big and will take years to build. It should be ready by 2023. When it is ready the powerful telescope should be a lot better at seeing small asteroids.

paragraphs: Telescopes on the Earth can only see part of the sky. They won't be able to see any asteroids coming from near the direction of the Sun because of the blue sky during the day. A telescope in space doesn't have that problem. It can see much more of the sky around Earth. It can keep looking all through the day and night and there are no clouds or rain in space. Telescopes in space can also use infrared heat radiation to find asteroids. Looking for that kind of light is an especially good way of finding asteroids. This method doesn't work on Earth because the air is too warm. Heat radiation from warm air hides the heat radiation that comes from the asteroids. Space telescopes are better in a lot of ways, but they cost more money. Also, they don't last as long as telescopes on the ground.

paragraphs: In 2017 NASA had lots of ideas to help find smaller asteroids. They want to find 9 out of 10 of the asteroids that are bigger than 140 metres (as long as two jumbo jets). The ideas should help find asteroids which are smaller than 140 metres long too. Quite a lot of the ideas use a new telescope on the ground working with a new space telescope. An example telescope on the ground is LSST. An example telescope in space is NEOCAM, but nobody has started building it. These new telescopes will be expensive. But, NASA has done most of the work finding asteroids already. Out of all the asteroids ever found, NASA has found more than 9 out of 10 of them. Asteroids hit all over Earth, not just the USA where NASA is from. Because of this, NASA was asked by the United States government to find other countries to help. They need other countries to help make the telescopes and help pay for them.

paragraphs: Below is the list of all the times when asteroid impact prediction worked. When it worked, the space rocks which hit the Earth were not a surprise. There are lots of asteroids which will hit Earth in the future. They are not in the list because we don't know about any of them yet. If we get better at asteroid impact prediction we will find out about them. Then we will know what asteroids are going to hit us in the future.


title: International

paragraphs: International mostly means something (a company, language, or organization) involving more than a single country. The term international as a word means involvement of, interaction between or encompassing more than one nation, or generally beyond national boundaries. For example, international law, which is applied by more than one country and usually everywhere on Earth, and international language which is a language spoken by residents of more than one country.

paragraphs: The term "international" was coined by the utilitarian philosopher Jeremy Bentham in his "Introduction to Principles of Morals and Legislation", which was printed for publication in 1780 and published in 1789. Bentham wrote: "The word "international", it must be acknowledged, is a new one; though, it is hoped, sufficiently analogous and intelligible. 9

paragraphs: 999It is calculated to express, in a more significant way, the branch of law which goes commonly under the name of the "law of nations". The word was adopted in French in 1801. Thomas Erskine Holland noted in his article on Bentham in the 11th edition of the "Encyclopædia Britannica" that "Many of Bentham's phrases, such as 'international,' 'utilitarian,' 'codification,' are valuable additions to our language; but the majority of them, especially those of Greek derivation, have taken no root in it."

paragraphs: "International" is also sometimes used as a synonym for "global".


title: Nicholas Roerich

paragraphs: Nicholas Roerich (; October 9, 1874 – December 13, 1947) – also known as Nikolai Konstantinovich Rerikh () – was a Russian painter, writer, archaeologist and theosophist. Some people in Russia thought of him as an enlightener, philosopher, and public figure. He was interested in hypnosis and other spiritual practices. His paintings are said to have hypnotic expression. He was born in Saint Petersburg to a Russian mother and a Baltic German father. Roerich was an activist for the preserving of art and architecture during war time. He earned several nominations for the Nobel Peace Prize long list. The Roerich Pact which was signed into law in 1935 by the United States and most nations of the Pan-American Union was named after him.


title: Plate armour

paragraphs: Plate armour is a type of body armour made from iron or steel plates. The iconic suit of armour that entirely covers the wearer is plate armour. The earliest example of plate armour is the Roman army's Lorica segmentata. However full plate armour was mainly made in Europe in the late middle ages. This was an improvement on the coat of plates that had been worn over chain mail in the 13th century. It reached its peak popularity in the 15th and 16th centuries. It is often associated with medieval knights, since modified plate armour was used in jousting. However after 1650 only the breastplate was generally worn. This is because the musket was created: the musket could pierce plate armour over long distances.


title: Harry Connick Sr.

paragraphs: Joseph Harry Fowler Connick Sr. (born March 27, 1926) is an American attorney. He is best known for being the district attorney of the Parish of Orleans from 1973 to 2003.

paragraphs: His son, Harry Connick Jr., is a jazz singer, pianist, actor, and humanitarian.


title: Philip Zimbardo

paragraphs: Philip George Zimbardo (; born March 23, 1933) is an American psychologist. He is a professor emeritus at Stanford University.

paragraphs: Zimbardo became known for his 1971 Stanford prison experiment. He wrote many introductory psychology books, textbooks for college students, and other notable works, including "The Lucifer Effect", "The Time Paradox", and "The Time Cure". He is also the founder and president of the Heroic Imagination Project.

paragraphs: Zimbardo was born in New York City. He studied at Brooklyn College and later at Yale University. He is married to Christina Maslach.


title: Manhasset, New York

paragraphs: Manhasset is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Nassau County, New York, on the North Shore of Long Island. As of the 2010 United States Census, the population was 8,080. It is a suburb of New York City.


title: Olivia Thirlby

paragraphs: Olivia Jo Thirlby (born October 6, 1986) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles as Leah in "Juno" (2007), as Natalie in "The Darkest Hour" (2011) and as Judge Cassandra Anderson in "Dredd" (2012).


title: Rosa Maria Carrasco i Azemar

paragraphs: Rosa Maria Carrasco i Azemar (2 July 1936 – 6 August 2018) was a Spanish politician. She was born in Barcelona. She was known as one of the founders of the Democrats of Catalonia party.

paragraphs: Carrasco Azemar died in Barcelona from a stroke on 6 August 2018, aged 82.


title: Dominik Kalata

paragraphs: Dominik Kalata, SJ, (19 May 1925 – 23 August 2018) was a Slovakian Roman Catholic prelate. He was a titular bishop of Semta. Kalata was ordained as a Catholic priest on August 12, 1951 and clandestinely as bishop in September 9, 1955. In March 16, 1985 he was appointed as titular bishop.

paragraphs: Kalata died on August 23, 2018 in Ivanka pri Dunaji, Slovakia from congestive heart failure, aged 93.


title: Rosa Bouglione

paragraphs: Rosa Bouglione (née Van Been; 21 December 1910 – 26 August 2018) was a French circus performer. She was the matriarch of the Bouglione circus family. Bouglione was born in Ixelles, Belgium to a French family.

paragraphs: Bouglione began performing as a child. She was known for a dance she would do with her father in a cage full of lions.

paragraphs: Bouglione died in Paris on 26 August 2018 at the age of 107.


title: Kerry Hill

paragraphs: Kerry Hill AO (1943– 26 August 2018) was an Australian architect. He was known for his hotel designs in tropical Asia. He was born in Perth, Western Australia. Hill's best known works are State Theatre Centre of Western Australia and the City of Perth Library. Most of his works were also in Perth and Sydney.

paragraphs: Hill died on 26 August 2018 in Perth at the age of 75.


title: Tony Hiller

paragraphs: Anthony Toby Hiller (30 July 1927 – 26 August 2018) was an British songwriter and record producer. He was best known for writing and/or producing hits for Brotherhood of Man such as "United We Stand" (1970) and "Save Your Kisses for Me" (1976). He was born in London.

paragraphs: Hiller died in London on 26 August 2018 at the age of 91.


title: Dale M. Cochran

paragraphs: Dale M. Cochran (November 20, 1928 – August 27, 2018) was an American politician. He was born in Fort Dodge, Iowa. He was a member of the Iowa House of Representatives from 1965 to 1987. From 1975 to 1978, Cochran was Speaker of the House.

paragraphs: A Democrat, he as the Iowa Secretary of Agriculture from 1987 to 1998.

paragraphs: Cochran died in Des Moines, Iowa on August 27, 2018 from stomach cancer at the age of 89.


title: Mirka Mora

paragraphs: Mirka Madeleine Mora (18 March 1928 – 27 August 2018) was a French-born Australian visual artist and cultural figure. He was born in Paris. Her work led to the creation of contemporary art in Australia. Her media included drawing, painting, sculpture and mosaic.

paragraphs: In 2002 Mora was made an "Officier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres" by the French Minister of Culture and Communication.

paragraphs: Mora died, aged 90, in Melbourne on 27 August 2018 from complications of Alzheimer's disease.


title: Fredd Wayne

paragraphs: Fredd Wayne (October 17, 1924 – August 27, 2018) was an American actor and columnist. He was best known for his role as Benjamin Franklin in "Bewitched". He was also known for his work as "G.I. Carmen" in the United States Army. Wayne was born in Akron, Ohio.

paragraphs: Wayne wrote articles for the "The New York Times", "Playboy", and the "The Los Angeles Times".

paragraphs: Wayne died in Santa Monica, California from a heart attack on August 27, 2018, aged 93.


title: John Culver

paragraphs: John Chester Culver (August 8, 1932 – December 26, 2018) was an American politician, writer and lawyer. He represented Iowa in both the United States House of Representatives from 1965 to 1975 and the United States Senate from 1975 to 1981. He was a member of the Democratic Party.

paragraphs: His son was Chet Culver, who was Governor of Iowa from 2007 to 2011.

paragraphs: Culver died on December 26, 2018 in Washington, D.C. at the age of 86.


title: Murray Westgate

paragraphs: Murray Westgate (April 16, 1918 – August 27, 2018) was a Canadian actor. He was best known for his longtime role as a television pitchman in Canadian commercials for Esso on "Hockey Night in Canada" in the 1950s and 1960s.

paragraphs: He was also known for his roles in "Blue City Slammers" and for his role in the adaptation of "Two Solitudes", as the Prime Minister of Canada.


title: Josep Fontana

paragraphs: Josep Fontana i Lázaro (20 November 1931 – 28 August 2018) was a Spanish historian. He was born in Barcelona. He taught economic, the role between history, law and economics and contemporary history at the University of Barcelona, the University of Valencia and at the Autonomous University of Barcelona.

paragraphs: Fontana died of heart failure in Barcelona on 28 August 2018 at the age of 86.


title: Andrew Gillum

paragraphs: Andrew Demese Gillum (born July 26, 1979) is an American politician. He has been the Mayor of Tallahassee, Florida from the years 2014 to 2018.

paragraphs: At the age of 23, Gillum became the youngest person ever elected to the Tallahassee City Commission in February 2003.

paragraphs: On August 28, 2018, Gillum won the Democratic nomination for Governor of Florida when he won the Democratic primary election even though he was losing in the polls. He lost the general election to his Republican opponent Ron DeSantis in the general election.

paragraphs: His campaign for governor has been endorsed by Senator Bernie Sanders.

paragraphs: He was once considered by Hillary Clinton to be her Vice President choice after an email hack released a list of possible picks.


title: Randy Bryce

paragraphs: Randall John Bryce (born December 9, 1964) is an American ironworker and politician. He was a candidate for Wisconsin's 1st congressional district in the 2018 midterm elections.

paragraphs: Bryce has been nicknamed "IronStache" because of his career as an ironworker and for his mustache. His campaign has been endorsed by Senator Bernie Sanders prompting his campaign to become popular.

paragraphs: Bryce was originally going to face current Speaker Paul Ryan in the election, but he retired and instead faced and lost to Bryan Steil.


title: Garnett, Kansas

paragraphs: Garnett is a city in and the county seat of Anderson County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 3,415.


title: Paula Hawkins

paragraphs: Paula Hawkins (born 26 August 1972 in Salisbury, Rhodesia) is an author from United Kingdom. She is known for her best selling novels "The Girl on the Train" and "Into the Water".

paragraphs: Hawkins was born in Salisbury (now Harare, Zimbabwe) in 1972. Hawkins attended Arundel School in Harare and Collingham College in London. She has also worked with "The Times" as a journalist. Her 2015 novel, "The Girl on the Train" was adapted into film by same name featuring Emily Blunt in 2016. Hawkins has also written four romantic fictions under the name "Amy Silver".


title: Mary Joe Fernández

paragraphs: Mary Joe Fernández (born August 19, 1971) is a retired professional tennis player from the United States. Fernández has won three Olympic medals and two Grand Slam women's doubles titles.

paragraphs: Mary Joe Fernández lost in the semi-finals to Steffi Graf 6–4, 6–2. In 1992, there was no bronze medal play off match, both beaten semi-final players received bronze medals.


title: Colin Trevorrow

paragraphs: Colin T. Trevorrow (born September 13, 1976) is an American movie director and screenwriter. He is best known for directing the indie movie "Safety Not Guaranteed" (2012) and the blockbuster movie "Jurassic World" (2015). He also co-wrote the script for "Jurassic World" and its sequel "" (2018). He will direct "Jurassic World 3" (2021).

paragraphs: Trevorrow was born in San Francisco, California. He grew up in Oakland, California. He has Jewish ancestry on his mother's side. He is married to Isabelle. The couple live with their two children in England.


title: J. A. Bayona

paragraphs: Juan Antonio García Bayona (born 9 May 1975) is a Spanish movie director. He is best known for directing the movies "The Orphanage" (2007), "The Impossible" (2012), "A Monster Calls" (2016) and "" (2018). He has also directed two episodes of the television series "Penny Dreadful".

paragraphs: Bayona was born in Barcelona, Catalonia.


title: Ell & Nikki

paragraphs: Ell & Nikki, also known as Eldar & Nigar, are an Azerbaijani pop duo consisting of singers Eldar Gasimov and Nigar Jamal. On 14 May 2011 they won the Eurovision Song Contest 2011 for Azerbaijan with their entry "Running Scared". It was the country's first ever win at the contest. Although Nigar Jamal represented Azerbaijan, she lives in Enfield, North London.

paragraphs: In the 2011 Eurovision song contest Eldar Gasimov and Nigar Jamal performed together under the duo name Ell & Nikki. As the contest was taking place in a Western European country, the name change was made to prevent confusion of Jamal's first name being interpreted as a racial slur. Their entry, named "Running Scared", was written by Stefan Örn and Sandra Bjurman from Sweden and Iain Farquharson from the UK. The performance included four backing vocalists and singers, including Jessica Marberger and Vera Prada who had earlier in the year attempted to represent Sweden as part of Shirley's Angels.


title: Waterloo (ABBA song)

paragraphs: "Waterloo" is the first single from the Swedish pop group ABBA's second album, "Waterloo" and their first under the Epic and Atlantic labels. This was also the first single to be credited to the group performing under the name ABBA.

paragraphs: On 6 April 1974 the song was the winning entry for Sweden in the 1974 Eurovision Song Contest. The victory began ABBA's path to worldwide fame. The Swedish version of the single was a double A-side with "Honey, Honey" (Swedish version), while the English version usually featured "Watch Out" on the B-side.

paragraphs: The single became a No. 1 hit in several countries. It reached the U.S. Top 10 and went on to sell nearly six million copies, making it one of the best-selling singles of all time.

paragraphs: At the 50th anniversary celebration of the Eurovision Song Contest in 2005, it was chosen as the best song in the competition's history.

paragraphs: The band considered submitting another song to Eurovision, "Hasta Mañana", but decided on "Waterloo" since it gave equal weight to both lead vocalists Agnetha Fältskog and Anni-Frid Lyngstad, while "Hasta Mañana" was sung only by Fältskog.

paragraphs: ABBA performed the song at Melodifestivalen 1974 in February, singing it in Swedish. The song won, and therefore advanced to Eurovision.

paragraphs: The song differed from the standard "dramatic ballad" tradition of the Eurovision Song Contest by its flavour and rhythm, as well as by its performance. ABBA gave the audience something that had more rarely been seen before in Eurovision: flashy costumes (including silver platform boots), plus a catchy uptempo song and even simple choreography. The group also broke from convention by being the first winning entry in a language other than that of their home country; prior to 1973 all Eurovision singers had been required to sing in their country's native tongue, a restriction that was lifted briefly for the contests between 1973 and 1976 contests (thus allowing "Waterloo" to be sung in English), then reinstated before ultimately being removed again in 1999. Compared to later ABBA releases, the singers' Swedish accents are decidedly more pronounced in "Waterloo".

paragraphs: The song won the Eurovision Song Contest 1974 final on 6 April, beating runner-up Gigliola Cinquetti of Italy's entry "Sì" by six points.


title: Richard D'Oyly Carte

paragraphs: Richard D'Oyly Carte (3 May 1844 – 3 April 1901) was an English talent agent, theatrical impresario, composer and hotelier during the second half of the Victorian era.

paragraphs: From humble beginnings, Carte built two of London's theatres and a hotel empire. He established an opera company that ran for over a hundred years, and a management agency for some of the most important artists of the day.

paragraphs: He built the Savoy Theatre and helped Gilbert & Sullivan to become famous.


title: 78 (number)

paragraphs: Seventy-eight is a number. It comes between seventy-seven and seventy-nine, and is an odd number. It is also a prime number.


title: Gareth Edwards

paragraphs: Sir Gareth Owen Edwards (born 12 July 1947) is a former Welsh rugby union player. He played as a scrum-half. He played for Wales between 1967 and 1978, making 53 appearances. He also played for the British Lions 10 times. He has been called the greatest Welsh rugby player of all time by the BBC. He was also the scorer of the try that has been called "the greatest of all time" for the Barbarians against New Zealand in 1973.

paragraphs: Edwards was born in Gwaun-Cae-Gurwen, Glamorgan. He is married to Maureen Edwards.