title: Elder Tadej Štrbulović

paragraphs: Elder Tadej (Thaddeus) of Vitovnica (10 October 1914 – 13 April 2003) was a Serbian Orthodox Christian elder (known as a staret). He was also a published author. He is best known for writing and teaching the idea that our "thoughts determine the outcome of our lives".

paragraphs: Future Elder Thaddeus was born in Vitovnitsa village, community Petrovac-on-Mlawa, located in Braničevo district, in Serbia on October 6 (19) 1914. The boy was born during the city fair, It was a premature birth and the child was very weak, so his parents hastened to baptise him. The memory of St. Thomas was celebrated that day derfor the boy was christened Tomislav. According to the legend the child opened his eyes only after the Baptism ceremony.

paragraphs: Tomislav's mother died when he was just a little boy and his father remarried. After some time, father's second wife died too and he got married for the third time.

paragraphs: Tomislav's relationship to his both stepmoms were complicated which caused constant quarrels in the house.

paragraphs: The boy did not have any friends among his peers and as he grew up, he felt more and more lonely. Despite family problems Tomislav graduated from high school with honors and intended to fulfil his childhood dream to become a monk, but at the insistence of his father he had to enter the craft and trade school to learn to tailor.

paragraphs: He later said reflecting on his life: “Since my childhood I realized, that everyone in this world is serving somebody or something: parents serve their children, then children serve their parents and it occurred to me that as long as we all serve one another, I would rather serve God, as He is above everything.”

paragraphs: About this time the boy was diagnosed with tuberculosis. The treatment prescribed to him was painful and complicated, but according to the doctors he would die within 5 years without it. This illness became a turning point in Tomislav’s life. He later recalled: "I made a decision to no longer live for this world but to devote my last remaining days to the Lord". Having made this decision, he left the hospital under his sole responsibility.

paragraphs: By that time, it’ s been a year  since Tomislav wrote his appeal to the Gornjak monastery, now he came to the abbot asking to become  a novice. It so happened that one Russian monk overheard Tomislav’s conversation with the abbot. The next day he said to young man: “Yesterday I heard your conversation and I can tell you that there is only one monastery I know, that lives according to the rules you wish to follow. This is Milkovo monastery. There live some Russian monks, who fled from Valaam. There you will find what your soul is searching for.”

paragraphs: On July 24, 1932 Tomislav came as  a novice to  the Milkovo Monastery. It was a Russian-Serbian monastery and living there Tomislav had to learn the Russian language. It became a great advantage for him later as he was able to read books in Russian, which he enjoyed all his life.

paragraphs: Monks of the Milkovo monastery followed a very austere prayer life with long services and daily liturgies.

paragraphs: As Tomislav could not find an experienced confessor able to provide him spiritual guidance, he chose self-study by reading various works on theology and teachings of the early Church Fathers.

paragraphs: In the Mikovo monastery the young man became acquainted with Hieromonk John Maximovich. They enjoyed each other’s company and used to have long conversations while doing numerous monastic jobs.

paragraphs: A year after the abbot passed away and the situation in the monastery changed. Some monks made a decision to leave Milkovo and in May 1933 they moved to Gornjak monastery. Novice Tomislav went with them.

paragraphs: 1935 was an important year in Tomislav’s life as he took his monk's vow in Gornjak monastery with the name Thaddeus.  Soon after he was ordained as a Hierodeacon.

paragraphs: In 1938, a year when according to the doctors’ predictions he was supposed to die, Hierodeacon Thaddeus was ordained to a priesthood.

paragraphs: When World War II began, Thaddeus together with 4 other monks fled to Belgrade. He lived in the monastery of Rakovica until 1943, when he was arrested by the occupation authorities and condemned to death.

paragraphs: Father Thaddeus recalled that the angel of The Lord appeared to him and showed him his future life path.

paragraphs: Father Thaddeus went through several prisons before he in March was transferred to the monastery Voylovitsa.  Hieromonk Vasily Kostic recalled that father Thaddeus was very weak, nevertheless on March 13 he already served the Divine Liturgy together with the Bishop Nicholas (Velimirovic).

paragraphs: From the end of 1970 up to 1981 elder Thaddeus lived in Tuman monastery where he was a spiritual guide and confessor for the sisterhood. At this time a steady stream of pilgrims and penitents came to see father Thaddeus and he often worked around the clock talking to people, hearing confessions and praying for the ill and needy. It was a burdening job for an old man not just physically. As he said “Praying for others we bring a part of their sufferings upon ourselves”.

paragraphs: Though many people believed that elder Thaddeus had foresight, he never admitted it. He used to say ironically: “Well, yes, I definitely get some foresight after climbing on a windowsill”.

paragraphs: Elder’s health gradually weakened, but in spite of two heart attacks in 90s, he gave himself to the service of the people until the early 2000s.

paragraphs: He departed this life on 13 March 2003 and was buried in the monastery of Vintovitsa. He is venerated by his many spiritual children, especially Serbians and Bosnians, including former Muslims whom he converted to Christ.

paragraphs: Archimandrite John (Radosavljevic) says about elder Thaddeus:

paragraphs: “People of Vitovnica and even of entire country honor him as a great, exceptional confessor, man of prayer and ascetic monk.

paragraphs: His handsome face of a gray-haired old man was illuminated with spiritual lite and joy. Confessors like him are God’s gracious gift to us in this difficult time.”


title: Damascus College

paragraphs: Damascus College is the only Catholic high school in Ballarat that teaches both males and females. The school started in 1995 when three different Catholic schools, St Martin's in the Pines, Sacred Heart College and St Paul's College joined. The school is in Mount Clear, 7 km from the heart of Ballarat. Damascus College is a school for high school children in years 7 to 12.

paragraphs: In 1881, the "Sisters of Mercy" started Sacred Heart College in Ballarat East for children from Prep to Year 12. The younger students were moved to St Francis Xavier College in 1906.

paragraphs: The Bishop of Ballarat James O'Collins started St Paul's Technical College in 1948. The Christian Brothers controlled the school.

paragraphs: In 1987 the school moved from Lydiard Street to the old Ballarat Orphanage on Victoria Street.

paragraphs: Miss Alice Fanning gave her land in Mt Clear to the Sisters of Mercy on her death in February 1960. The nuns used the land to farm vegetables and cows. In 1967 the land came to be a school for the Year 11 and 12 girls from Sacred Heart College. The school was named St Martin's in the Pines. In 1988 boys started at the school. Most of the boys were from St Paul's Technical College.

paragraphs: In 1995 Sacred Heart College, St Martin’s in the Pines and St Paul’s Technical College joined into the only male and female Catholic high school in Ballarat. Year 7 to 9 children studied in Victoria St at the old St Paul’s school and Year 10 to 12 children studied in Mt Clear at the old St Martin's in the Pines. In 2011 all children started studying in Mt Clear. Damascus College is jointly supported by the Sisters of Mercy and the parish priests of Ballarat, Ballarat East, Ballarat North, Bungaree, Cressy, Creswick, Daylesford, Gordon, Linton, Redan, Sebastopol, and Wendouree.

paragraphs: The school's educational program is supported in the "College Vision and Mission Statement", the "Teaching and Learning Policy", the "Australian Curriculum", the "Victorian Essential Learning Standards (VELS)", the "Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority (VCAA)" and the "Victorian Registration and Qualifications Authority".

paragraphs: The children can learn French or Indonesian from Year 7 to 12. Physical Education and Health are taught in years 7 to 10. Religious Education is taught in all years. Damascus College gives the "Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE)", "Vocational education Training (VET)" and the "Victorian Certificate of Applied Learning (VCAL)" to Year 10, 11 and 12 children.

paragraphs: Since 1998 Damascus College pupils have built Human Powered Vehicles (HPVs). The group trains and competes every year in the RACV Energy Breakthrough Challenge in Maryborough. EBT is a Year 9 subject.

paragraphs: The school won the World Future Cycle Challenge in 2005 and 2007. The group drove 1200 km from Ceduna to Adelaide.

paragraphs: In March 2008 Damascus College rode 1009 km in under 24 hours from Sydney. In 2009, EBT drove 3775 km by solar vehicle from Darwin to the Victorian State Parliament in Melbourne. They helped raise awareness about climate change and how people can lower their environmental impact.

paragraphs: Students can join the senior or junior Drama Club, can participate in the annual production and the biannual Easter production "the Final Hours".

paragraphs: Each year school swimming, athletics and ball sports carnivals are held for all pupils. Damascus College is a member of the Ballarat Associated Schools where students can choose to play for the school in:

paragraphs: Damascus College is divided into different school areas


title: The Straight Dope

paragraphs: "The Straight Dope" is a newspaper column. Its author uses the pen name "Cecil Adams." Readers send questions in to Adams, and he answers them. He often uses humor in his answers.

paragraphs: The first "Straight Dope" column was published on February 2, 1973. As of 2013, "The Straight Dope" was published in the "Chicago Reader" and syndicated in eight newspapers in the United States.

paragraphs: Most reader questions are answered by Cecil Adams. Adams describes himself as "the world's most intelligent human being." He describes "The Straight Dope's" goal this way:

paragraphs: The name "The Straight Dope" comes from the American idiom meaning roughly "the true information; the full story". The column covers many subjects, including history, science, urban legends, myths, and inventions. The column's motto is: "Fighting ignorance since 1973 (it's taking longer than we thought)."

paragraphs: "The Straight Dope" is illustrated by Slug Signorino.

paragraphs: As of 2016, "The Straight Dope's" website includes all of Adams' new columns, and archives of his past columns. There are also online forums where users can discuss Adams' columns, as well as many other topics.

paragraphs: To date, Adams has published five collections of his columns, and his "assistant," Ed Zotti, has published a children's collection in the Adams style, "Know It All".

paragraphs: In 1996, the A&E Network briefly aired a show based on "The Straight Dope", hosted and co-written by comedian Mike Lukas.

paragraphs: A "Straight Dope" podcast was briefly released in November 2009, but was then cancelled.


title: Saintpaulia

paragraphs: Saintpaulia, African violets, are small plants from Africa which live in cloud forest habitats. They are herbaceous perennial flowering plants in the family Gesneriaceae.

paragraphs: They are easy to distinguish from other plants by their eye-catching heart-shaped leaves and colourful bright flowers.


title: Victoria, Hong Kong

paragraphs: Victoria City was one of the first urban settlements in Hong Kong after it became a British colony in 1842. It was named after Queen Victoria, the Queen of the United Kingdom.

paragraphs: In 1857, the British government expanded Victoria City and divided it into seven districts, including Sai Ying Pun, Sheung Wan, Tai Ping Shan and Central. These were located in the area that is now the Central, Western and Wanchai districts.

paragraphs: Victoria City is technically the capital of Hong Kong. However, the name is rarely used today.


title: Cloud forest

paragraphs: A cloud forest or fog forest is a (usually) tropical or subtropical, evergreen, montane, moist forest. It has a long-lasting, frequent or seasonal low-level cloud cover, usually at the canopy level.

paragraphs: Cloud forests often have mosses covering the ground and vegetation. Such mossy forests usually develop on the saddles of mountains, where moisture from clouds is held in place.

paragraphs: Their altitude varies from 500 m to 4000 m above sea level. Often there is a particular altitude where the environment is suitable for cloud forest. This has fog at the vegetation level, reducing direct sunlight and loss of the watery mist. Much of the moisture to plants arrives by fog drip, where fog condenses on tree leaves and then drips onto the ground below.


title: Bollodingen

paragraphs: Bollodingen was a municipality in the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Berne in Switzerland. On 1 January 2011 it was merged with the municipality of Bettenhausen.


title: Bürglen, Uri

paragraphs: Bürglen UR is a municipality in the canton of Uri in Switzerland. Around 3,000 people live in Bürglen. It has an area of .


title: Alessia Cara

paragraphs: Alessia Caracciolo (born July 11, 1996), known professionally as Alessia Cara, is a Canadian singer and songwriter. She is best known for her hit songs "Here" and "Wild Things".

paragraphs: Cara's singing style has been compared to that of Norah Jones and Adina Howard.

paragraphs: Cara released her first single "Here" in April 2015. The following single, "Scars to Your Beautiful", was released from her first studio album, "Know-It-All". She collaborated with German DJ Zedd on the song "Stay". "Stay", "Here", and "Scars to Your Beautiful" all reached the top ten in the US and topped the US Mainstream Top 40 radio chart.

paragraphs: In 2018, she won the Grammy Award for Best New Artist, one of the "Big Four" awards.


title: Benjamin McCulloch

paragraphs: Benjamin McCulloch (November 11, 1811 – March 7, 1862) was a soldier in the Texas Revolution, a Texas Ranger, a Major general in the Texas militia and thereafter a major in the United States Army during the Mexican-American War. He was afterwards a U.S. marshal, and a Brigadier general in the army of the Confederate States during the American Civil War. Unlike most generals in the Civil War, he was not a West Point graduate.

paragraphs: McCulloch was born November 11, 1811 in Rutherford County, Tennessee. He was one of thirteen children and the fourth son of Alexander McCulloch and Frances Fisher LeNoir. His father was an officer on Brigadier general John Coffee's staff in 1813 during the Creek War. His mother was a daughter of a prominent Virginian planter. After moving several times the family settled at Dyersburg, where one of their closest neighbors was Davy Crockett. Ben assumed the duties of "man of the house" and probably ended his formal education. This was at about age 14, although his father's library of books added to his continuing education. He helped with running the farm and also joined the local militia. He learned to be a great woodsman under his mentor Davy Crockett. He also learned something else from Crockett, that a military academy education was not necessary to command men in battle.

paragraphs: In 1832, McCulloch headed west. He reached Independence, Missouri too late to join the fur trappers headed for the mountains for the season. He moved on to Galena, Illinois to the lead mines for a time. In the fall of 1832, he returned to Tennessee. He and his brother floated cypress logs down the Obion and Mississippi Rivers to Natchez, Mississippi and New Orleans to market twice a year until 1835.

paragraphs: When Davy Crockett went to Texas in 1835 McCulloch along with his brother Henry decided to go with him. They planned to meet Crockett at Nacogdoches on Christmas Day. The brothers arrived too late, however. McCulloch sent his brother Henry back home and went on to join Crockett at the Alamo in San Antonio. However, before reaching the Alamo, he came down with the measles. By the time he recovered, it was too late and the Alamo had fallen. McCulloch joined the Texas army under Sam Houston in its retreat to East Texas. At the Battle of San Jacinto (April 21, 1836) he commanded one of the cannons nicknamed the "Twin Sisters". At the end of the battle Houston found him and immediately promoted him to first lieutenant.

paragraphs: In 1837, he worked as a surveyor in the area around Gonzales, Texas. There he met and joined Jack Hays' company of Texas Rangers. He became an experienced Indian fighter. He fought in the Battle of Plum Creek in 1840. In 1841 he was part of the expedition against Indians along the tributaries of the Guadalupe River. In 1842 he was elected a first lieutenant in Captain Jack Hays' company of Rangers.

paragraphs: At the start of the Mexican War, McCulloch raised a company of volunteers. They became Company A of Colonel Jack Hays' First Regiment, Texas Mounted volunteers. With his skills in tracking and scouting, he was soon named General Zachary Taylor's chief of scouts. He fought at the battles of Monterey and Buena Vista. When the war ended he held the rank of major.

paragraphs: At the war's end, McCulloch scouted for Major General David E. Twiggs, but joined the rush to the California gold fields in 1849. While he never struck gold, he was elected sheriff of Sacramento. (His old commander, Col. Hays, had been elected sheriff of San Francisco on the same day.) His old friends Sam Houston and Thomas J. Rusk, both now in the U.S. Senate, tried to arrange for his appointment to command a frontier army regiment, but his lack of formal education was against him and the appointment never went through. In 1852, President Franklin Pierce promised him command of the U.S. Second Cavalry, but Secretary of War Jefferson Davis gave it instead to Albert Sidney Johnston.

paragraphs: McCulloch was appointed U.S. marshal for the Eastern District of Texas in 1852. He served during the Pierce and Buchanan administrations. However, conscious of his lack of formal military education, he actually spent much of his term studying military science in libraries in Washington, D.C. In the aftermath of the Utah War, in 1858 he was one of the peace commissioners sent to negotiate with Brigham Young in Utah (the other being former Gov. Lazarus W. Powell of Kentucky).

paragraphs: Texas seceded from the union on February 1, 1861, and on February 14, McCulloch received a colonel's commission. He was authorized to demand the surrender of all federal military posts in the state. U.S. Army General Twiggs, turned over to McCulloch all federal property in San Antonio. In return Twigg's troops were to be allowed to leave the state unharmed. On May 11, President Davis appointed McCulloch a brigadier general.

paragraphs: McCulloch was placed in command of the Confederate troops in Arkansas. On August 10, 1861, McCulloch's poorly armed troops defeated the army of General Nathaniel Lyon at the Battle of Wilson's Creek, Missouri. Afterwards, he was put under the command of Major general Earl Van Dorn. At the battle of Battle of Pea Ridge, McCulloch was killed by a Union sharpshooter.

paragraphs: McCulloch's body was buried on the field at Pea Ridge. He was later removed to a cemetery in Little Rock. Finally, his body was later moved to the Texas State Cemetery in Austin.


title: Giorgio Albertazzi

paragraphs: Giorgio Albertazzi (20 August 1923 – 28 May 2016) was an Italian actor movie director, screenwriter and singer.

paragraphs: He was known for his roles in "Little World of Don Camillo", "Concert of Intrigue", "White Nights", "Last Year at Marienbad", "Eva", "Redhead", "I Married You for Fun", "The Assassination of Trotsky", "Five Women for the Killer", "Mark of the Cop", "Once a Year, Every Year", "Li chiamarono... briganti!", "The Rage" and in "Some Say No".

paragraphs: His best known directed movies were "La governante" and "Gradiva". He sang the soundtrack for "Gli angeli del potere".

paragraphs: Albertazzi died on 28 May 2016 in Roccastrada, Italy, aged 92.


title: Georges Sesia

paragraphs: Georges Sesia (8 July 1924 – 12 May 2016) was a French footballer who played as a striker. He was born in Villerupt. He made one appearance for the French national team in 1948.

paragraphs: Sesia played for Nancy-Lorraine, FC Nancy, Stade Français Paris, Roubaix-Tourcoing, Strasbourg, Béziers and Merlebach.

paragraphs: Sesia died on 12 May 2016 in France, aged 91.


title: Gavyn Farr Arthur

paragraphs: His Honour Judge Sir Gavyn Farr Arthur KStJ GCFO (13 September 1951 – 16 May 2016) was a British judge. He served as the 675th Lord Mayor from 2002 to 2003. He served as Alderman for the Ward of Cripplegate in the City from his election in 1991 until 2005.

paragraphs: Arthur died from a heart attack in London on 16 May 2016, aged 64.


title: John Webster (British theologian)

paragraphs: John Bainbridge Webster DD FRSE (20 June 1955 – 25 May 2016) was a British theologian of the Anglican Communion. He was born in Mansfield, England. He wrote about systematic, historical and moral theology. He was the Chair of Divinity at St. Mary's College, University of St Andrews, Scotland.

paragraphs: He died at his home in Aberdeen, Scotland on 25 May 2016 at the age of 60.


title: Bryce Dejean-Jones

paragraphs: Bryce Alexander Dejean-Jones (August 21, 1992 – May 28, 2016) was an American professional basketball player. He was born in Los Angeles, California. He played college basketball for Iowa State University. He played professionally for the New Orleans Pelicans of the National Basketball Association (NBA) in 2016.

paragraphs: On May 28, 2016, Dejean-Jones died in Dallas, Texas when he was shot by his ex-girlfriend's neighbour, after breaking into the neighbor's apartment. He thought he was breaking into his ex-girlfriend's apartment. He was 23 years old.


title: Stanley Burke

paragraphs: Stanley Burke, Jr. (February 8, 1923 – May 28, 2016) was a Canadian television journalist. He was the anchor of CBC Television's "The National News" from 1966 to 1969. The show was renamed "" after he resigned to launch a public campaign on the Biafran civil war.

paragraphs: Burke died at the Kingston General Hospital in Kingston, Ontario on May 28, 2016, aged 93.


title: František Jakubec

paragraphs: František Jakubec (12 April 1956 – 27 May 2016) was a Czech football player. He played for Bohemians Prague for most of his career. He also played with Veria in the Greek Super League. He was born in Český Brod, Czechoslovakia.

paragraphs: He played for Czechoslovakia national football team (25 matches) and was a non-playing member of their squad at the 1982 FIFA World Cup.

paragraphs: Jakubec died on 27 May 2016 in Prague from a heart attack, aged 60.


title: David Cañada

paragraphs: David Cañada Gracia (11 March 1975 – 28 May 2016) was a Spanish professional road racing cyclist. He was known for winning the 2006 Volta a Catalunya. He competed in the 2005 Tour de France. Cañada was unable to compete in the 2009 season, due to treatment for skin cancer which had been detected in 2007, and retired early in the 2010 season.

paragraphs: He at the age of 41 after a fall during a cycling event, aged 41.


title: Civil Air Patrol

paragraphs: The Civil Air Patrol (CAP) is a non-profit organization that serves as the official civilian auxiliary of the United States Air Force (USAF). CAP is a volunteer organization with members from many backgrounds. It performs three missions: emergency services, which includes search and rescue (by air and ground) and disaster relief operations; aeronautics education for youth and the general public; and cadet programs for teenage youth.

paragraphs: Membership in the organization consists of cadets ranging from 12 to just under 21 years of age, Senior members are 18 years of age and up. All members wear uniforms while performing their duties.


title: Clervaux

paragraphs: Clervaux (, German: "Clerf") is a "commune" and town in northern Luxembourg, administrative capital of the canton of Clervaux.

paragraphs: The city is in the valley of the Clerve river and is part of the Natural Park of the Our.

paragraphs: The city was the site of heavy fighting during World War II, in the December 1944 Battle of Clervaux, part of the "Battle of the Bulge".

paragraphs: In 2012, the "commune" of Clervaux was combined with the "communes" of Heinerscheid and Munshausen.

paragraphs: The "commune" is in the Oesling, a region within the greater Ardennes area. It has an area of .

paragraphs: The highest point in the "commune" is in "Schwaarzenhiwwel" near the town of Marnach that is high, and the lowest point is high that is in the valley of the Our river near the town of Roder. The altitude is high. At the railway station, the altitude is high.

paragraphs: To the east, the Our river forms the border with Germany and, to the north, is the "commune" borders Belgium. In this "commune" is the place where three countries meetː Luxembourg, Germany and Belgium.

paragraphs: There were 5,069 persons living in the "commune" in 2017, for a population density of inhabitants/km².

paragraphs: Other towns, besides the town of Clervaux, within the "commune" are:


title: Don McNay

paragraphs: Donald Joseph "Don" McNay (February 13, 1959 – May 29, 2016) was an American financial author and columnist. He was a chartered financial consultant and specialist on what to do when you win the lottery. He was born in Covington, Kentucky, but was raised in Lexington, Kentucky. He was a financial author and "The Huffington Post" contributor.

paragraphs: McNay died of a suspected heart attack on May 29, 2016 in New Orleans, Louisiana, aged 57.


title: Robert List

paragraphs: Robert Frank "Bob" List (born September 1, 1936) is an American attorney and politician. He served as the 24th Governor of Nevada from 1979 to 1983. List was defeated for re-election in 1982 by Nevada Attorney General Richard Bryan. He is a member of the Republican Party.


title: Mount Kinabalu

paragraphs: Mount Kinabalu is a high mountain on the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia. This is in Malaysia.

paragraphs: The mountain is protected as a park, named Kinabalu Park. The park was awarded the country's first World Heritage Site. Because of over 5,000 plant species, it is also one of the world’s most important biological sites.

paragraphs: At its peak, the indigenous Kadazan people make their homes there. The mountain's name comes from the name "Akinabalu" (meaning "Revered Place of the Dead").


title: Spread spectrum

paragraphs: Spread spectrum is a method in radio and other kinds of telecommunication. Its purpose is to overcome interference, noise and jamming of signals.

paragraphs: Sending electromagnetic signals through the air became possible in the later 19th century with wireless telegraphy. The fact that signals were affected by natural interference was soon discovered. By the early 1900s, wireless telegraphy could cross the Atlantic. Intercepting the enemy's radio communications and interfering with their transmission was important in World War II. Messages in code were intercepted and recorded for decryption and translation. Not only can radio signals be detected, but those listening can be detected, since radio receivers also emit a signal.

paragraphs: Above all, since radio direction-finding is widely used in civil and military aviation, ways are needed to reduce interference with these transmissions. The main method is spread spectrum. Spread spectrum systems transmit the message using a bandwidth that is wider than the bandwidth actually needed by the message signal. This spreading of the transmitted signal over a large bandwidth make the resulting wideband signal appear as a noise signal. This resists intentional and unintentional interference with the transmitted signal.


title: Boltigen

paragraphs: Boltigen is a municipality in the administrative district of Obersimmental-Saanen in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.


title: Noise (electronics)

paragraphs: In electronics, noise is a random fluctuation in an electrical signal. This happens in all electronic circuits. Noise made by electronic devices varies greatly. In communication systems, noise is an error or random disturbance of useful information in a communication channel.

paragraphs: The noise is the total of unwanted or disturbing energy from natural and sometimes man-made sources. Noise is usually distinguished from interference, such as deliberate jamming or other unwanted electromagnetic interference.

paragraphs: If a message is transmitted in a natural language (a series of letters which make sense), then it is more resistant to noise than a spoken language.


title: Santa Fe Trail

paragraphs: The Santa Fe Trail was a 19th century transportation route through central North America. It connected Independence, Missouri with Santa Fe, New Mexico. It was pioneered in 1821 by William Becknell. The Santa Fe Trail was a vital commercial highway until the introduction of the railroad to Santa Fe in 1880. Santa Fe was near the end of the El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro which carried trade from Mexico City.

paragraphs: The route skirted the northern edge and crossed the northwestern corner of Comancheria, the territory of the Comanches. they demanded payment for allowing people to use the trail. Comanche raiding farther south in Mexico isolated New Mexico. This made the area more dependent on the American trade. It also gave the Comanches a steady supply of horses. By the 1840s trail traffic along the Arkansas River valley was so heavy that bison herds could not reach important seasonal grazing land. This contributed to their decline which in turn hastened the decline of Comanche power in the region. The Trail was used as the 1846 U.S. invasion route of New Mexico during the Mexican–American War.

paragraphs: After the U.S. took the Southwest ending the Mexican–American War, the trail helped open the region new settlement. It was important for the expansion of the U.S. into the lands it had taken.

paragraphs: The road route is commemorated today by the National Park Service as the Santa Fe National Historic Trail. A highway route that roughly follows the trail's path through the entire length of Kansas, the southeast corner of Colorado and northern New Mexico has been designated as the Santa Fe Trail National Scenic Byway. It is long and takes about 12 hours to drive the trail today.


title: Bönigen

paragraphs: Bönigen is a municipality of the administrative district Interlaken-Oberhasli in the canton of Berne in Switzerland. It lies on the shore of Lake Brienz.


title: Bowil

paragraphs: Bowil is a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.


title: Claiborne Fox Jackson

paragraphs: Claiborne Fox Jackson (April 4, 1806 – December 6, 1862) was a pro-Confederacy governor of the state of Missouri. He was elected in 1860 and sworn in on January 3, 1861 as Missouri's 15th governor. He remained in office for five months, until being effectively deposed on June 15, 1861. At that time he fled to Arkansas and joined the Confederacy. He died on December 6, 1862.

paragraphs: On April 4, 1806, Jackson was born in Fleming County, Kentucky. His parents were Dempsey and Mary Jackson. The Jacksons were tobacco farmers who owned many slaves.

paragraphs: In 1826, Jackson moved to Franklin, Missouri where the Santa Fe Trail began. The trail was an important link to trading with Mexico. While the economy was poor in most of the region, Franklin was growing and becoming prosperous. Jackson and his older brother opened a mercantile store in the town. Most of the new residents were from the South and brought their slaves with them. They started farms along the Missouri River. This became the center of slavery in Missouri.

paragraphs: In 1836 Jackson entered politics representing Saline County, Missouri in the Missouri House of Representatives. Between 1838 and 1842 he was a cashier at the state bank in Fayette, Missouri. He was elected a state representative again in 1842, this time from Howard County, Missouri. In 1844 and 1846, he served as Speaker of the House. In 1848 he was elected to the Missouri State Senate. In 1852 he was elected to the House of Representatives again. From 1857 to 1860, he served as state bank commissioner. In 1860, as a Democrat, he secured his party's nomination for governor. He ran against Sample Orr in the general election and won. He was sworn in on January 3, 1861.

paragraphs: Jackson had won the nomination and election for governor by presenting himself as a moderate. But he quickly showed himself to be a pro-slavery activist. Following Abraham Lincoln's election as President of the United States Jackson began to court support for Missouri's secession from the Union. When Fort Sumter fell to the Confederates on April 14, 1861, Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers to put down the rebellion. Jackson refused Lincoln's call for volunteers from Missouri. Instead, he called for 50,000 volunteers to defend the state against the Union. Jackson secretly contacted the Confederates and tried to get artillery for his militia.

paragraphs: Jackson knew the most important resource in the state was the federal arsenal at St. Louis. There was only a small detachment of Union soldiers that guarded the arsenal and were under the command of Captain Lyon. But quietly, Lyon had sent almost all the gunpowder and weapons to safety in Illinois. Also, the United States Secretary of War, Simon Cameron, had sent a letter to Lyon authorizing him to raise more companies of Union soldiers. On May 6, Jackson sent his militia to camp near St. Louis in order to provoke the Union soldiers and perhaps secure their arms for his militia. However, on May 10, Lyon marched some 6,500 Union troops to surround the militia and arrest all of them. Following the Camp Jackson Affair, Lyon was promoted to Brigadier general and took charge of all Union forces in the state.

paragraphs: On June 13, 1861, after failed negotiations with Governor Jackson, Lyon quickly moved his army to attack the pro-confederate forces at Jefferson City, Missouri, the state capital. He moved quickly enough to catch them unprepared. On June 15, the Army of the West occupied Jefferson City. Lyon installed a pro-Union government after Jackson and most of his militia retreated to the southwest corner of Missouri. Lyon moved his army to go after the rebels. On June 17, both sides fought the Battle of Boonville which lasted only about 30 minutes. The Union forces completely routed the pro-confederates. Jackson observed the battle and retreated with the militia.

paragraphs: Jackson and approximately 4,000 of his untrained and poorly armed militia fled to Carthage, Missouri. In order to find Jackson and his militia, Lyon had split his forces. He sent Colonel Franz Sigel with about 1,000 soldiers into southwest Missouri to search for Jackson. On July 4 Jackson learned that Sigel was camped at Carthage. The next day Jackson led his militia to attack the smaller Union force. The battle line was about ten miles south of Carthage. He waited for Sigel to attack him. Sigel, in turn, opened the battle with artillery fire. He then attacked the militia. However, after seeing a large Confederate force moving around him on his left flank, he moved back to prevent being surrounded. He did not know the force to his left were mainly unarmed militia. Sigel fought a successful rearguard action as his small army fell back to Carthage. He then retreated to Sarcoxie, Missouri. The battle had little meaning but it encouraged the pro-Confederates in Missouri with news of their first victory. Jackson was the only sitting governor to have commanded troops in a battle.

paragraphs: After the battle, Jackson, assuming he still had his powers as governor, called together a rump legislature at Neosho, Missouri. He called for session on October 28, 1861 and, although deposed, officially claimed Missouri to have joined the Confederacy in November 1861. He was given the rank of Brigadier general in the Confederate Army. But he soon resigned due to failing health. On December 6, 1862, Jackson died in Little Rock, Arkansas from stomach cancer. He is buried at Arrow Rock, Missouri in the Sappington family cemetery.


title: Franklin, Missouri

paragraphs: Franklin is a city in Howard County, Missouri, United States. It is located along the Missouri River. Part of a rural area, the population was 95 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Columbia, Missouri Metropolitan Statistical Area.

paragraphs: As the starting point of the Santa Fe Trail, the community played a major part in the westward expansion of the United States.

paragraphs: The town of Franklin was founded in 1816 and named for Founding Father Benjamin Franklin. William Becknell, known as the "Father of the Santa Fe Trail" lived on a farm a few miles northwest of Franklin. There was a spring near Becknell's property, Boone Lick Spring. The spring and its salt water attracted people from St. Louis and points east. They came to distill the water for its salt. They came so often that they created a trail, calling it the Boonslick Road. The Boone refers to Nathan and Daniel Morgan Boone, sons of Daniel Boone. The two brothers first operated the saltlick business.

paragraphs: Franklin is located at (39.011316, -92.753747). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land.

paragraphs: As of the census of 2010, there were 95 people, 42 households, and 26 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 52 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 98.9% White and 1.1% African-American. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.1% of the population.

paragraphs: There were 42 households of which 28.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.6% were married couples living together, 9.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 38.1% were non-families. 31.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.88.

paragraphs: The median age in the city was 47.1 years. 24.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 3.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.1% were from 25 to 44; 36.8% were from 45 to 64; and 13.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 53.7% male and 46.3% female.

paragraphs: As of the census of 2000, there were 112 people, 47 households, and 28 families residing in the city. The population density was 490.1 people per square mile (188.0/km²). There were 53 housing units at an average density of 231.9 per square mile (89.0/km²). The racial makeup of the city White and 0.89% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.89% of the population.

paragraphs: There were 47 households out of which 31.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.9% were married couples living together, 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.3% were non-families. 34.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 3.03.

paragraphs: In the city the population was spread out with 27.7% under the age of 18, 5.4% from 18 to 24, 24.1% from 25 to 44, 32.1% from 45 to 64, and 10.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 86.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.4 males.

paragraphs: The median income for a household in the city was $28,542. The median income for a family was $27,500. Males had a median income of $37,500 versus $21,250 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,104. There were 16.7% of families and 20.8% of the population living below the poverty line, including 39.3% of under eighteens and 37.5% of those over 64.


title: Fleming County, Kentucky

paragraphs: Fleming County is a county located in the state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 14,348. Its county seat is Flemingsburg. The county was formed in 1798 and named for Colonel John Fleming, an Indian-fighter and early settler. It's a prohibition or dry county, which means drinks with alcohol are not sold there. In 1998, the Kentucky General Assembly designated Fleming County as the Covered Bridge Capital of Kentucky.

paragraphs: Fleming County was established in 1798 from land given by Mason County, Kentucky. The first courthouse, possibly built of logs, was replaced in 1830 and again in 1952.

paragraphs: According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (0.8%) is water.

paragraphs: As of the census of 2000, there were 13,792 people, 5,367 households, and 3,966 families residing in the county. The population density was 39 people per square mile (15/km²). There were 6,120 housing units at an average density of 17 per square mile (7/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 97.33% White, 1.41% Black or African-American, 0.14% Native American, 0.17% Asian, 0.28% from other races, and 0.67% from two or more races. 0.75% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

paragraphs: There were 5,367 households out of which 34.80% had children under the age of 18 living with them. Of these, 60.30% were married couples living together, 9.60% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.10% were non-families. Approximately 23.30% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.00% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 2.99.

paragraphs: In the county the population was spread out with 25.40% under the age of 18, 8.40% from 18 to 24, 29.00% from 25 to 44, 23.90% from 45 to 64, and 13.40% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 96.00 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.20 males.

paragraphs: The median income for a household in the county was $27,990, and the median income for a family was $33,300. Males had a median income of $26,463 versus $19,895 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,214. About 14.80% of families and 18.60% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.90% of those under age 18 and 20.10% of those age 65 or over.


title: Missouri House of Representatives

paragraphs: The Missouri House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the Missouri General Assembly. It has 163 members, representing districts with an average size of 37,000 residents. Members of the House are elected for a two-year term during general elections held in even-numbered years.

paragraphs: In 1992 Missouri approved a constitutional amendment providing term limits (before this there were no limits). No Representative may serve more than eight years in the House. Each candidate for the office must be at least twenty-four years old, a qualified registered voter in the state for at least two years, and a resident of his or her district for at least one year.

paragraphs: Missouri's house is the fourth largest in the United States although the state ranks 18th in population. Legislation was introduced in 2011 to cut its size to 103 members in 2020. States with larger legislatures in the United States are New Hampshire (400), Pennsylvania (203) and Georgia (180).

paragraphs: In 1992 Missouri voters approved a constitutional amendment placing term limits on the Missouri House of Representatives. A Representative can serve no more than four two-year terms in the house (a total of eight years). The first time term limits prevented someone from running again was in 2002.

paragraphs: As of March 2008, members of the Missouri House of Representatives receive an annual salary of $35,915.44.


title: Adriana Lecouvreur

paragraphs: Adriana Lecouvreur is an Italian opera in four acts, music by Francesco Cilea and libretto by Arturo Colautti, after Eugène Scribe and Ernest Legouvé's play "Adrienne Lecouvreur". It was first performed in Milan, on November 6, 1902. By far Cilea's most successful work and his only opera still regularly performed.


title: Bremgarten bei Bern

paragraphs: Bremgarten bei Bern is a municipality of the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.


title: Brenzikofen

paragraphs: Brenzikofen is a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.


title: Franz Sigel

paragraphs: Franz Sigel (November 18, 1824 – August 21, 1902) was a German military officer, revolutionist and immigrant to the United States. In the US he was a teacher, newspaperman, politician, and served as a Union Major general in the American Civil War. His ability to recruit German-speaking immigrants to the Union armies got him the approval of President Abraham Lincoln. But he was strongly disliked by General-in-Chief Henry Halleck and rated overall as a poor leader.

paragraphs: Sigel was born in Sinsheim, Baden (Germany). He attended the gymnasium in Bruchsal. He graduated from Karlsruhe Military Academy in 1843, and was commissioned as a lieutenant in the Baden Army. In 1848 he was a part of the Revolutions of 1848 in the German states. When the revolution failed he fled, eventually immigrating to New York City. There he worked at a number of different jobs. These include a teacher, musician, surveyor and the owner of a cigar store. In 1854 Sigel married Elsie Dulon. Together they had five children. In 1857 he moved to St Louis, Missouri where he was one of the founders of a monthly magazine. He was the superintendent at the German Institute and joined the Republican Party. He attracted German immigrants to the Republican party because of their strong anti-slavery sentiment.

paragraphs: At the start of the Civil War, Sigel volunteered to support Abraham Lincoln and the Union cause. Because of his military experience, he was given command of the Third Missouri Infantry. He recruited many German-Americans to the Union cause with the slogan, "I goes to fight mit Sigel." His commission as Colonel held a date of rank of May 4, 1861. Because he was a key figure in recruiting immigrants to the Union army, President Lincoln had him promoted to Brigadier general two weeks later.

paragraphs: In the meanwhile, he was attached to Brigadier general Nathaniel Lyon's Union Army of the West. Sigel and his soldiers helped put down a riot the St. Louis area. The incident was known as the Camp Jackson Affair. He led a Flanking maneuver at Battle of Wilson's Creek, surprising and attacking the Confederate forces from their rear while Lyon attacked them from the front. On March 8, 1862, at the Battle of Pea Ridge, Sigel commanded two division (military)s in the victory against Major General Earl Van Dorn (CSA).

paragraphs: Sigel was promoted to major general after the battle of Pea Ridge. He served as a division commander in the Shenandoah Valley and fought unsuccessfully against Maj. Gen. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson. He commanded a Union corps at the Second Battle of Bull Run.Here he was wounded in the hand.

paragraphs: In early 1863, Sigel lobbied the War Department for more troops. But his requests were refused. In early 1864 he was given command of the Army of West Virginia. In 1864 his army was defeated in the Battle of New Market. This loss and his failure to prevent Confederate attacks in Northern Virginia led to his removal from command. Although he remained in the army until May 1865, he was not given another command.

paragraphs: Sigel resigned his commission on May 4, 1865. He worked as editor of the "Baltimore Wecker" for a short time. He was then a newspaper editor in New York City. He filled a variety of political positions there, both as a Democrat and a Republican. In 1869, he ran on the Republican ticket for Secretary of State of New York. He lost to the incumbent Democrat Homer Augustus Nelson. In May 1871 he became collector of internal revenue, and then in October 1871 register of the city. In 1887, President Grover Cleveland appointed him pension agent for the city of New York. He also lectured, worked in advertising and published the "New York Monthly", a German-American magazine, for some years.

paragraphs: Franz Sigel died in New York in 1902 and is buried in Woodlawn Cemetery in The Bronx, New York City.


title: Deaths in June 2016

paragraphs: The following is a list of notable deaths in June 2016. For notable deaths before the current month, please see "Months". Names under each date are reported in alphabetical order by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are reported here also if notable.


title: Mohamed Abdelaziz

paragraphs: Mohamed Abdelaziz (; 17 August 1947 – 31 May 2016) was the 3rd Secretary General of the Polisario Front and President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic from 1976 until his death in 2016.

paragraphs: Abdelaziz died on 31 May 2016 from lung cancer, aged 68.


title: Jan Crouch

paragraphs: Janice Wendell Bethany "Jan" Crouch (March 14, 1938 – May 31, 2016) was an American religious broadcaster. Along with her husband Paul, she co-founded the Trinity Broadcasting Network (TBN).

paragraphs: Crouch suffered a massive stroke on May 25, 2016 and was hospitalized. She died in Orlando, Florida on May 31, 2016 from complications of the stroke, aged 78.


title: Kazimierz Barburski

paragraphs: Kazimierz Zygfryd Barburski (7 August 1942 – 26 May 2016) was a Polish fencer. He won a bronze medal in the team épée event at the 1968 Summer Olympics. He was born in Łódź, Poland.

paragraphs: Barburski died on 26 May 2016 in Poland, aged 73.


title: Traveland RV Storm

paragraphs: The Traveland RV Storm are a Canadian junior ice hockey team that began playing in 1993. They currently play in the Prairie Junior Hockey League. They play their home games in Pilot Butte, Saskatchewan. The Storm won the league in 2007, 2008, 2011 and 2012 and made the finals every year from 2006 to 2015.

paragraphs: "Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, OTL = Overtime Losses, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against"

paragraphs: "* Note: Some statistics are unknown for seasons in the SSJHL"


title: T. Marshall Hahn

paragraphs: Thomas Marshall Hahn, Jr. (December 2, 1926 – May 29, 2016) was an American educator. He served as President of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University from 1962 to 1974. He was also Director of Georgia Pacific from 1983 to 1993.

paragraphs: Hahn died on May 29, 2016 in Blacksburg, Virginia, aged 89.


title: G. V. Loganathan

paragraphs: Gobichettipalayam Vasudevan "G. V." Loganathan (April 8, 1954 – April 16, 2007) was an Indian-born American professor. He was a professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental engineering, part of the College of Engineering at Virginia Tech, United States. He was born in Karatadipalayam, Gobichettipalayam.

paragraphs: At age 53, Loganathan was among the 32 people killed in the Virginia Tech shootings on April 16, 2007. Loganathan taught an Advanced Hydrology class in Norris Hall's Room 206. On April 16, 2007, Cho entered Norris 206 and opened fire. Loganathan was Cho's first target.


title: Liviu Librescu

paragraphs: Liviu Librescu (; ; August 18, 1930 – April 16, 2007) was a Romanian-born Israeli and American scientist and engineer. He was a professor whose major research fields were aeroelasticity and aerodynamics. He was born in Ploiești, Romania. He was Professor of Engineering Science and Mechanics at Virginia Tech.

paragraphs: He was a known academic in addition to being a survivor of the Holocaust, he was most widely known for his heroic actions during the Virginia Tech shootings, in which he held off the gunman, giving all but one of his students enough time to escape through the windows. Shot and killed during the attack, Librescu was awarded the "Order of the Star of Romania", Romania's highest civilian honor.


title: Kenne Fant

paragraphs: Kenne Fant (born Carl-Henrik Fant; 1 January 1923 – 30 May 2016) was a Swedish actor, director and writer. He was born in Strängnäs. He was known for his roles as Göran Thome "The Most Beautiful on the Earth" (1948) and as Arne in "Prison" (1949). He directed the movie "Adventures of Nils Holgersson" (1962).

paragraphs: Fant died on 30 May 2016 in Stockholm, Sweden at the age of 93.


title: Rupert Neudeck

paragraphs: Rupert Neudeck (14 May 1939 – 31 May 2016) was a German journalist and humanitarian. Neudeck, together with a group of friends, formed the committee "A ship for Vietnam" and chartered for the rescue mission the freighter "Cap Anamur". He did humanitarian work in this project that aids refugees. He also founded "Grünhelme e.V." (Green Helmets; voluntary association) for rebuilding schools, villages, and ambulances in destroyed regions.

paragraphs: Neudeck died on 31 May 2016 in Germany, from complications after heart surgery, aged 77.


title: Wiltz

paragraphs: Wiltz () is a commune with city status in north-western Luxembourg, capital of the canton Wiltz. Wiltz is situated along the sides of the river Wiltz.

paragraphs: During World War II, Luxembourg was occupied 10 May 1940 (the first day of the Battle of France).

paragraphs: On 31 August 1942, a general strike began in Wiltz that spread throughout the country.

paragraphs: On 1 January 2015, Wiltz absorbed the neighboring commune of Eschweiler.

paragraphs: The "commune" is in the Oesling, a region within the greater Ardennes area. It has an area of . The altitude is high. At the castle, the altitude is high.

paragraphs: Wiltz is surrounded by six "communes": Wincrange to the north and northwest, Clervaux to the northeast, Kiischpelt to the east, Goesdorf to the southeast, Lac de la Haute-Sûre to the south and southwest, and Winseler to the west.

paragraphs: There were 6,730 persons living in the "commune" in January 2016, for a population density of inhabitants/km².

paragraphs: Other towns, besides the town of Wiltz, within the "commune" are Roullingen and Weidingen.

paragraphs: One of the main features of the town is Wiltz Castle (, German: "Schloss Wiltz", ) which belonged to the former Counts of Wiltz. This castle, which is situated on of lawns and gardens, contains hundreds of rooms. It was completed in 1727, and the final Count died in 1793.


title: David Tod Roy

paragraphs: David Tod Roy (; 1933 – May 31, 2016) was an American professor and scholar of Chinese literature. He taught at University of Chicago from 1967 until he took early retirement in 2006.

paragraphs: He was known for his translation of Jin Ping Mei, or "The Plum in the Golden Vase", one of the Four Great Novels of the Ming dynasty. It was the first complete translation into a Western language.

paragraphs: He was diagnosed with ALS (often known as Lou Gehrig's disease) just as he had finished the translation in 2012 and died of that disease in 2016.


title: Carla Lane

paragraphs: Carla Lane (1928 – 31 May 2016) was an English television writer. She wrote many sitcoms, including "The Liver Birds" (co-creator, 1969–78), "Butterflies" (1978–82), and "Bread" (1986–91).


title: Tom Lysiak

paragraphs: Thomas James Lysiak (April 22, 1953 – May 30, 2016) was a Canadian ice hockey player. He was selected as the second overall pick in round 1 of the 1973 NHL Amateur Draft by the Atlanta Flames, and was selected by the Houston Aeros in round 2 of the 1973 WHA Amateur Draft (23rd overall).

paragraphs: In each of his last two seasons at Medicine Hat, Lysiak was awarded the Bob Clarke Trophy as the Western Canada Hockey League's leading scorer (with a total of 297 points in 135 games).

paragraphs: Lysiak died of leukemia in Roswell, Georgia on May 30, 2016 at age 63.


title: Albinen

paragraphs: Albinen is a municipality of the district of Leuk in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.


title: Brienz

paragraphs: Brienz is a municipality of the administrative district of Interlaken-Oberhasli in the canton of Berne in Switzerland. It is on the northern shore of Lake Brienz.


title: Brienzwiler

paragraphs: Brienzwiler is a municipality in Interlaken-Oberhasli in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.


title: Agonist

paragraphs: An agonist is a type of chemical known as a ligand. It binds to a receptor. It activates (switches on) the receptor to produce a response.

paragraphs: An agonist causes an action. There are also antagonists which block the action of the agonists, and there are inverse agonists which cause an action opposite to that of the agonist.

paragraphs: This is typical of the systems which regulate the body. Being able to control activity is the basis of homeostasis.

paragraphs: Receptors can be activated by either endogenous or exogenous agonists. Both types result in a biological response. Endogenous agonists include hormones and neurotransmitters. Exogenous agonists include drugs.

paragraphs: A substance which causes the same bodily responses, but does "not" bind to the same receptor is called a physiological agonist.


title: Centovalli

paragraphs: Centovalli is a municipality of the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 25 October 2009 the municipalities of Borgnone, Intragna and Palagnedra merged into the new municipality of Centovalli


title: Line (formation)

paragraphs: The line formation is a standard tactical formation which was used by infantry in early modern warfare.

paragraphs: It continued the phalanx formation or shield wall of infantry armed with polearms in use during antiquity and the Middle Ages. The line formation used soldiers standing or moving side by side forming a line.

paragraphs: The line formation provided the best front for volley fire. However the line could not change direction easily and was open to attack by cavalry. Frederick the Great used the line formation, or “march by lines” as a part of his oblique order to fix this problem. The other part of the oblique order was the “attack in echelon” (change to column formation and angle slightly towards the enemy). This way his line of soldiers, usually two ranks deep, could easily change the direction they faced.

paragraphs: An infantry battalion would form "in line" by placing troops in several ranks. They could range in number from two to five, with two or three being the most common. During the 17th century lines thinned out and became longer. Using this line formation required greater discipline since the two opposing armies were often only apart.

paragraphs: During the American Civil War the standard formation for both attacking and defending was the line formation. The line allowed the maximum number of soldiers to fire their weapons without hitting their own men. The line formation worked best in open fields. The line could not move well in wooded areas or in rough terrain. Both sides were still using tactics that were used in the American Revolutionary War. During earlier wars including the Napoleonic Wars, single-shot smoothbore muskets were used with fixed bayonets. A line would advance to about from the enemy line and fire in volley (all at the same time). Muskets were not very accurate and by all firing at the same time they were more likely to hit enemy soldiers. After firing their one shot the soldiers would all move the line forward for a bayonet charge.

paragraphs: The new weapons in use at the beginning of the war made the older tactic unnecessary. Newer rifles and rifle muskets were now available that could allow the defenders to start firing at to yards away. The development of the Minié ball (bullet) also increased the accuracy of rifles at longer ranges.

paragraphs: A loose line formation is also used by many modern forces during assaults. It allows the use of maximum firepower to concentrate in one direction at once. This is useful when attacking an enemy position. It also enables the use of fire and movement.


title: Brügg

paragraphs: Brügg is a municipality of the administrative district of Biel/Bienne in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.


title: Brüttelen

paragraphs: Brüttelen () is a municipality in the administrative district Seeland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.


title: David McNiven Garner

paragraphs: David McNiven Garner (26 November 1928 – 13 May 2016), was a New Zealand oceanographer. He worked as a published research physicist. He worked with a focus in physical oceanography and ocean circulation.

paragraphs: In 1962, he founded the New Zealand Oceanographic Institute of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (today known as National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research), then located in Hobson Street, Wellington, New Zealand.


title: Erika Berger

paragraphs: Erika Berger (August 13, 1939 – May 15, 2016) was a German television presenter and author. She was born in Munich, Germany.

paragraphs: Berger worked as television presenter on German television broadcaster RTL. As writer, she wrote several books over sexuality. Berger has two children.

paragraphs: Berger died in Cologne, Germany on May 15, 2016, aged 76.


title: Marion Lambert

paragraphs: Baroness Marion Lambert (Maron von Vries; 1943 – 28 May 2016) was a Belgian-born Swiss art collector and philanthropist. She was the wife of Baron Philippe Lambert of the Bank Brussels Lambert banking dynasty. She was described as "one of the first collectors and patrons of contemporary photography". In a November 2004, she sold her entire collection of about 300 photographs mostly from the 1980s, entitled "Veronica's Revenge", at Phillips de Pury in Chelsea, New York for a total of $9.2 million.

paragraphs: On 24 May 2016, Lambert was hit by a bus on route 73 near Bond Street tube station in London. She died from head injuries on 28 May 2016, aged 73.


title: Bob Williams (quarterback)

paragraphs: Robert "Bob" Allen Williams (January 2, 1930 – May 26, 2016) was an American football quarterback in the National Football League. He was born in Cumberland, Maryland. Williams played for the Chicago Bears from 1951 through 1952 and again in 1955. During his college years, he played for the Notre Dame Fighting Irish team. Williams was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1988.

paragraphs: Williams died on May 26, 2016 at a retirement home in Timonium, Maryland from Parkinson's disease, aged 86.


title: Razak Khan

paragraphs: Razak (or Razzak Khan) (1953/1954 – 1 June 2016) was an Indian movie and television actor who was in Bollywood movies. He was known for his roles in "Baadshah", "Hello Brother" and in "Akhiyon Se Goli Maare".

paragraphs: Khan died of a heart attack at his home in Bandra, Maharashtra on 1 June 2016, aged 62.


title: Missouri Senate

paragraphs: The Missouri Senate is the upper chamber| of the Missouri General Assembly. It has 34 members, representing districts with an average population of 174,000. Its members serve four-year terms, with half the seats being up for election every two years.

paragraphs: After the 2014 elections, the party representation in the Senate was:


title: Missouri General Assembly

paragraphs: The Missouri General Assembly is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Missouri. The bicameral General Assembly is made up of a 32-member Senate, and a 163-member House of Representatives. Members of both houses of the General Assembly are subject to term limits. Senators are limited to two four-year terms. Representatives are limited to four two-year terms. This is a total of 8 years for members of both houses. The General Assembly meets at the State Capitol in Jefferson City.

paragraphs: Members of the House of Representatives must be 24 years of age to be elected. Representatives also must be a qualified Missouri voter for two years, and a resident of the county or district they are to represent for one year. Senators must be 30 years of age, a qualified Missouri voter for three years. They must be a resident of the area they are to represent for one year prior to their election.

paragraphs: According to Article III, Section 20 of the Constitution of Missouri, the General Assembly must convene (meet) on the first Wednesday after the first Monday in January following the state general election. It adjourns on May 30, with no consideration of bills after 6:00 p.m. on the first Friday following the second Monday in May. No appropriation bill may be considered after 6:00 p.m. on the first Friday after the first Monday in May. If the Governor returns a bill with his objections after adjournment, the General Assembly is automatically reconvened on the first Wednesday following the second Monday in September for a period not to exceed ten days to consider vetoed bills.

paragraphs: The Governor may call the General Assembly in special session for a maximum of 60 calendar days at any time. Only subjects recommended by the Governor in his call or a special message may be considered. The President Pro Tem and the Speaker may convene a 30-day special session upon petition of three-fourths of the members of each chamber.

paragraphs: Neither the House nor Senate, without the consent of the other chamber, adjourn for more than ten days at any one time. They may not be called to any other place than that in which the two houses may be sitting.

paragraphs: As a part-time legislature, compensation is low with the General Assembly. Most senators and representatives hold jobs outside their legislative duties. Law makers are paid $35,915 per legislative year and receive $104 per day in expenses. They also receive full health benefits


title: Monteceneri

paragraphs: Monteceneri is a municipality of the district Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. It was created on 21 November 2010 when the former municipalities of Bironico, Camignolo, Medeglia, Rivera and Sigirino merged to form the new municipality of Monteceneri.


title: Howard County, Missouri

paragraphs: Howard County is a county in the U.S. state of Missouri. Its southern border is the Missouri River. As of the 2010 census, the population was 10,144. Its county seat is Fayette. The county was organized January 23, 1816 and named for Benjamin Howard, the first Governor of the Missouri Territory.

paragraphs: Howard County was settled mainly from the upper Southern states of Kentucky, Tennessee and Virginia. They brought slaves and slaveholding traditions with them and grew hemp and tobacco. Howard was one of several counties settled mainly by Southerners along the Missouri River in the center of the state. Because of this, this area became known as Little Dixie, and Howard County was at its heart. Following the 1848 revolutions in germany, many German immigrants also came to this region.

paragraphs: Because of the reliance on slave labor, by 1860 African American slaves made up at least 25 percent of the county's population. Many Howard County residents supported the Confederacy during the Civil War. After the end of Reconstruction, Jim Crow laws and racial segregation were enforced in the county. Five African Americans were lynched in Howard County between 1891 and 1914. These were Olli Truxton, Frank Embree, Thomas Hayden, Arthur McNeal, and Dallas Shields.

paragraphs: The county continued to be developed for agriculture and is still mostly rural. However, Howard has lost population since reaching its peak in 1900. The mechanization of farming reduced the demand for labor, and many people left for jobs in the cities. In 2000 African-Americans in the county had declined to less than 7 percent of the total. Nearly one-third of the residents now identify themselves as of German ancestry.

paragraphs: According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (1.6%) is water.

paragraphs: As of the census of 2000, there were 10,212 people, 3,836 households, and 2,631 families residing in the county. The population density was 22 people per square mile (8/km²). There were 4,346 housing units at an average density of 9 per square mile (4/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 91.13% White, 6.84% Black or African American, 0.33% Native American, 0.12% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 0.40% from other races, and 1.10% from two or more races. Approximately 0.86% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 32.4% were of German, 16.1% American, 8.9% English and 8.3% Irish ancestry.

paragraphs: There were 3,836 households out of which 31.50% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.30% were married couples living together, 9.50% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.40% were non-families. 27.30% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.30% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 2.98.

paragraphs: In the county the population was spread out with 24.00% under the age of 18, 13.30% from 18 to 24, 25.20% from 25 to 44, 21.30% from 45 to 64, and 16.10% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 94.00 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.40 males.

paragraphs: The median income for a household in the county was $31,614, and the median income for a family was $40,167. Males had a median income of $26,369 versus $19,950 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,198. About 7.50% of families and 11.60% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.70% of those under age 18 and 14.40% of those age 65 or over.


title: Fayette, Missouri

paragraphs: Fayette is a city in Howard County, Missouri, United States. The population was 2,688 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Howard County. Fayette is part of the Columbia, Missouri Metropolitan statistical area.

paragraphs: Fayette was made county seat in 1823. It was named for Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette, who at the time was soon expected to pay a visit to the United States from France. It was incorporated in 1855.

paragraphs: The original Town of Fayette was first settled by Hiram Fugate and Hickerson Burnham. Each one gave 25 s of land for the location of the county seat. The town was surveyed and laid out in 1823 by Judge Alfred W. Morrison. He later became the sheriff and county judge. The original town layout formed a rectangle, about three blocks wide and seven blocks long with a public "square" in the center. It was divided into 150 s, with numbering beginning at the southeast corner of the square.

paragraphs: The four major streets bordered the square originally were named "First Main" (east side), "Second Main" (west side), "First Main Cross" (south side) and "Second Main Cross" (north side). In 1900, because of the confusion, the street names were changed to "Main", "Church", "Morrison", and "Davis", respectively.

paragraphs: It should be noted that the Fayette Square configuration is an example of the "Shelbyville Square", so called from its prototype in Shelbyville, Tennessee. This plan included a central courthouse and used the block of the grid plan to lay out the streets. The Shelbyville plan and other central courthouse plans were widely adopted in Tennessee, Kentucky, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa and Missouri. "The Shelbyville Square quickly became the most frequent county seat plan in new counties in most states." The Shelbyville pattern became less popular 1900.

paragraphs: Fayette is located at (39.145468, -92.686126). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and is water.

paragraphs: As of the census of 2010, there were 2,688 people, 949 households, and 509 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 1,097 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 83.5% White, 13.0% African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.5% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.6% from other races, and 2.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.2% of the population.

paragraphs: There were 949 households of which 25.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them. married couples living together made up 36.9% , 12.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 46.4% were non-families. 37.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 17.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.17 and the average family size was 2.85.

paragraphs: The median age in the city was 26.1 years. 16.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 32% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 15.9% were from 25 to 44; 19.5% were from 45 to 64; and 15.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.7% male and 51.3% female.

paragraphs: As of the census of 2000, there were 2,793 people, 976 households, and 578 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,253.6 people per square mile (483.6/km²). There were 1,133 housing units at an average density of 508.5 per square mile (196.2/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 79.16% White, 18.33% African-American, 0.47% Native American, 0.21% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.47% from other races, and 1.32% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.93% of the population.

paragraphs: There were 976 households out of which 25.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them. In all 41.4% were married couples living together, 14.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.7% were non-families. 34.5% of all households were individuals and 16.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.18 and the average family size was 2.79.

paragraphs: In the city the population was spread out with 17.9% under the age of 18, 28.2% from 18 to 24, 19.5% from 25 to 44, 16.2% from 45 to 64, and 18.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females there were 91.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.3 males.

paragraphs: The median income for a household in the city was $27,276, and the median income for a family was $35,694. Males had a median income of $27,768 versus $20,833 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,451. About 9.1% of families and 15.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.1% of those under age 18 and 20.0% of those age 65 or over.

paragraphs: Fayette is home to Central Methodist University, a private 4-year accredited university. It was also home to the now-defunct Howard-Payne Junior College. In its public school system, Fayette has one elementary school (L. J. Daly), one middle school (W. N. Clark) and one high school (Fayette).


title: Interrupt

paragraphs: An interrupt is when a microprocessor does something that it is not told to do because of things that happen outside what the program is supposed to do. Interrupts happen most often because the processor gets a signal from hardware, but they can also come from software that is running along with the program. Among the many things can cause interrupts are pressing keys on a keyboard, the built-in timer going off, a data transfer taking place, or any other event that needs an action from the processor right away. Interrupts can happen at any time while the processor is running a program, no matter where in the program's source code it is.

paragraphs: A hardware or software call for an interrupt (known as an "interrupt request", or IRQ) is taken care of by an "interrupt handler" or "interrupt service routine" (ISR) in the processor. It puts what is it doing at the time onto a stack and then follows certain instructions that does a given task on behalf of the system, which does not have to be part of the program it does. Once it is done following the instructions, the ISR then takes back what it put on the stack and continues with what it was doing before the interrupt happened.

paragraphs: Many interrupt controllers from today's processors use an interrupt vector to sort interrupts based on where it came from, among other ways. The vector typically contains the code that has to be run when the interrupt happens. ISRs are generally responsible for dealing with, or "servicing", the interrupt, along with keeping itself in working order.


title: Chandrasekhar limit

paragraphs: The Chandrasekhar limit is the maximum mass of a stable white dwarf star. Building on work by others, the Indian physicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar worked on the calculation. He published series of papers between 1931 and 1935. The Chandrasekhar limit is about 1.4 times the mass of the Sun.

paragraphs: The Chandrasekhar limit is the mass above which electron degeneracy pressure in the star's core is not enough to balance the star's own gravitational self-attraction. Then, white dwarfs with masses over the limit would gravitationally collapse into a neutron star or black hole. However, white dwarfs usually explode before they undergo collapse. Those with masses under the limit remain stable as white dwarfs.


title: Marianne Gaba

paragraphs: Marianne Gaba (November 13, 1939 – May 3, 2016) was an American model, actress and beauty queen. She was born in Chicago, Illinois. She was Miss Illinois USA 1957 and "Playboy" magazine's Playmate of the Month for its September 1959 issue. She was known for her roles as Liz in "The Choppers" (1961), as Animal in "How to Stuff a Wild Bikini" (1965) and as Robot in "Dr. Goldfoot and the Bikini Machine" (1965).

paragraphs: Gaba died on May 3, 2016 from brain cancer in Los Angeles, California, aged 76.


title: Vianden

paragraphs: Vianden () is a commune with city status in north-eastern Luxembourg, capital of the canton Vianden.

paragraphs: The name of the town of Vianden is derived from the Gallic word vien which means "rocky". Already in the year 1256, Vianden is cited as a city, but it is only since 1308 that legally holds the title of city.

paragraphs: The "commune" is in the Oesling, a region within the greater Ardennes area. Vianden is in the valley of the river Our, a tributary of the Sauer river, near the border between Luxembourg and Germany.

paragraphs: It has an area of . The altitude is high. At the church, the altitude is high.

paragraphs: Vianden is surrounded by two "communes" of Luxembourg: Tandel to the south and west; and Putscheid to the northwest. To the north, west and southwest, Vianden borders with four municipalities of the Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm district of the German state of Rhineland-Palatinateː Waldhof-Falkenstein and Bauler to the north, Körperich to the east and Roth an der Our to the southeast.

paragraphs: There were 2,008 persons living in the "commune" in 2017, for a population density of inhabitants/km².

paragraphs: Some historic buildings in the "commune" areː


title: Roger Enrico

paragraphs: Roger Enrico (November 11, 1944 – June 1, 2016) was an American businessman. He was born in Chisholm, Minnesota. He was known for being the Chairman of PepsiCo from 1996 to 2001 and Chairman of DreamWorks Animation SKG Inc from 2004 to 2012. He served on the Board of Directors of the National Geographic Society, the Environmental Defense Fund, the Solar Electric Light Fund, and the American Film Institute.

paragraphs: Enrico died of a heart attack while snorkeling at his private Cayman Islands home on June 1, 2016, aged 71.


title: Corry Brokken

paragraphs: Cornelia Maria "Corry" Brokken (3 December 1932 – 2 June 2016) was a Dutch singer and TV presenter. She was the winner of the Eurovision Song Contest in 1957 for her song "Net als toen". She was known for her songs "Snip en Snap", "Voorgoed voorbij" and "Heel de wereld".

paragraphs: She presented the Eurovision Song Contest in 1976.

paragraphs: After her singing career she studied law at Utrecht University in the 1970s. Afterwards she was a lawyer and later on a judge.

paragraphs: Brokken died on 2 June 2016 in Laren, Netherlands at the age of 83.


title: Yevhen Lemeshko

paragraphs: Yevhen Lemeshko (; 11 December 1929 – 2 June 2016) was a Ukrainian football coach. He was born in Mykolaiv. He was chairman of the Council of Veteran Footballers. He started his football career as a player for FC Dynamo Kyiv, but due to an injury he continued his football career as a coach.

paragraphs: In 1956 Lemeshko played couple of games for the Ukraine at the Spartakiad of the Peoples of the USSR. In 1980 he became a Merited Coach of Ukraine.

paragraphs: Lemeshko died on 2 June 2016 in Kiev, Ukraine from a stroke, aged 86.


title: Boyce F. Martin, Jr.

paragraphs: Boyce Ficklen Martin, Jr. (October 23, 1935 – June 1, 2016) was an American judge. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He was the United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. He was appointed by Jimmy Carter in 1979. Martin served as Chief Judge of the circuit from 1996 to 2003. He wrote more than 1100 opinions during his 34-year career.

paragraphs: Martin, Jr. died at his home in Louisville, Kentucky from brain cancer on June 1, 2016, aged 80.


title: Andrzej Niemczyk

paragraphs: Andrzej Niemczyk (16 January 1944 – 2 June 2016) was a Polish volleyball player and coach. He was the coach of the Poland women's national volleyball team that competed at the 2005 Women's European Volleyball Championship. He was born in Łódź.

paragraphs: Niemczyk died in Warsaw, Poland from cancer on 2 June 2016, aged 72.


title: Tom Kibble

paragraphs: Sir Thomas Walter Bannerman "Tom" Kibble (23 December 1932 – 2 June 2016), was a British theoretical physicist, senior research investigator at The Blackett Laboratory, at Imperial College London, UK and Professor of Theoretical Physics at Imperial College. He was knighted in the 2014 Birthday Honours for services to physics.

paragraphs: His research interests were in quantum field theory (the quantum theory of elementary particles) and in the connections between high-energy particle physics and cosmology (the study of the physical universe). He is best known as one of the first to describe the Higgs mechanism (explaining how some but not all elementary particles have mass), and for his research on topological defects (roughly - points, lines or surfaces in space where there is a jump). From the 1950s he was concerned about the nuclear arms race and from 1970 took leading roles in promoting the social responsibility of the scientist.

paragraphs: Kibble was born in Madras, India, and was the grandson of William Bannerman, an officer in the Indian Medical Service, and the author Helen Bannerman. He was educated at Doveton Corrie School in Madras and then in Edinburgh, Scotland, at Melville College and at the University of Edinburgh. He graduated from the University of Edinburgh with a BSc in 1955, MA in 1956 and a PhD in 1958. Kibble was married to Anne Allan from 1957 until her death in 2005. They had three children.

paragraphs: Kibble worked on symmetry breaking (simple example - a ball at the top of a hill might roll down in any direction), phase transitions (simple example - water turning to ice as it freezes) and topological defects (roughly - points, lines or surfaces in space where there is a jump).

paragraphs: He is most noted for his co-discovery of the Higgs mechanism (explaining how some but not all elementary particles have mass) and prediction of the Higgs boson (a massive particle central to the Higgs mechanism) with Gerald Guralnik and C. R. Hagen (GHK). As part of Physical Review Letters 50th anniversary celebration, the journal recognized this discovery as one of the milestone papers in PRL history. For this discovery Prof. Kibble was awarded the American Physical Society's 2010 J. J. Sakurai Prize for Theoretical Particle Physics. While widely considered to have authored the most complete of the early papers on the Higgs theory, GHK were controversially not included in the 2013 Nobel Prize in Physics. In 2014, Nobel Laureate Peter Higgs expressed disappointment that Kibble had not been chosen to share the Nobel Prize with François Englert and himself.

paragraphs: Kibble pioneered the study of the formation of topological defects in the very early times of the existence of the universe. An influential model of defect formation across a certain kind of phase transition is known as the Kibble-Zurek mechanism. His paper on cosmic strings (line defects of space on a cosmic scale) introduced the idea into modern cosmology.

paragraphs: He was one of the two co-chairs of a research programme funded by the European Science Foundation (ESF) on Cosmology in the Laboratory (COSLAB) which ran from 2001 to 2005. He was previously the coordinator of an ESF Network on Topological Defects in Particle Physics, Condensed Matter & Cosmology (TOPDEF). These programmes studied the analogies between topological defects in the early universe and similar structural defects in liquids and solids, which may be studied in the laboratory. (For a simple example of a network of laboratory topological defects, consider the boundaries between the many small, misaligned crystallites in a metal.)

paragraphs: In 1966 Kibble published a textbook, "Classical Mechanics", which is still in print (as of 2016), now in its 5th edition and co-authored with Frank Berkshire.

paragraphs: Kibble was a Fellow of the Royal Society (1980), of the Institute of Physics (1991), and of Imperial College London (2009). He was also a member of the American Physical Society (1958), the European Physical Society (1975) and the Academia Europaea (2000). In 2008, Kibble was named an Outstanding Referee by the American Physical Society.

paragraphs: In addition to the Sakurai Prize, Kibble has been awarded the Hughes Medal (1981) of the Royal Society, the Rutherford (1984) and Guthrie Medals (1993) of the Institute of Physics, the Dirac Medal (2013), the Albert Einstein Medal (2014) and the Royal Medal of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (2014). He was awarded a CBE in the 1998 Birthday Honours and was knighted in the 2014 Birthday Honours for services to physics.

paragraphs: In the 1950s and 1960s, Kibble became concerned about the nuclear arms race and from 1970 he took leading roles in several organisations promoting the social responsibility of the scientist. In the period 1970-1977 he was a national committee member, then treasurer, then chair of the British Society for Social Responsibility in Science; from 1976 he was a trustee of the Science and Society Trust; from 1981 to 1991 he was a national coordinating committee member, then vice-chair, then chair of Scientists against Nuclear Arms; he was a sponsor of Scientists for Global Responsibility; and from 1988 he was chair, and later a trustee, of the Martin Ryle Trust. He was chair of the organising committee of the Second International Scientists' Congress, held at Imperial College in 1988, and was a co-editor of the proceedings.


title: Monstercat

paragraphs: Monstercat (also known as Monstercat Media) is a Canadian-based independent electronic dance music (EDM) record label in Vancouver, British Columbia. Monstercat was formed in July 2011 by Mike Darlington CEO, and Ari Paunonen, COO.

paragraphs: The label signs artists on a non-exclusive single-track basis, allowing artists to freely move between other labels and brands. Monstercat follows a simple release schedule, where new music is released three times a week on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, in addition to an hour-long podcast that is live streamed every Tuesday on their Twitch account, known as "Call Of The Wild". Once Monstercat has released thirty tracks consecutively, a new compilation album is created containing these tracks and two continuous mixes of the album. At several points in time, Monstercat has released a track outside of their regular release schedule for various reasons.

paragraphs: In July 2011, Monstercat's current CEO - Mike Darlington - along with Ari Pauonen, Monstercat's current COO, created the Monstercat YouTube channel as a way for their friends to promote themselves and share music with each other. The two created compilation albums to provide artists with an easy method of releasing their music, as well as lessening the competitiveness between the artists. Monstercat's first compilation album, Launch Week, featured seven artists: Feint, Halo Nova (currently Varien / Koinu), Stephen Walking, Ephixa, Neilio, Arion and Going Quantum.

paragraphs: In December 2011, Monstercat signed the very notable musical group Krewella, an American electronic dance music duo (at the time, a trio) from Chicago, Illinois. "Killin' It" was Krewella's first original song released by a label. Monstercat promoted Krewella using many social media campaigns and partnered with many EDM YouTube promotional channels for a larger platform.

paragraphs: During the first few months of 2014, Monstercat partnered with the electric family in aid of the Humane Society of Canada. In December 2014, Monstercat launched a 24-hour digital radio station, hosted on Twitch. Monstercat continued to release compilation albums containing thirty songs and two mixes each until 2017.

paragraphs: Near the beginning of 2018, Monstercat announced that it would seperate into two brands: Monstercat Uncaged and Monstercat Instinct.

paragraphs: The following is a list of all the artists that are on Monstercat's current roster. Please note that not all artists who've released with Monstercat are necessarily supposed to be on this list.

paragraphs: The following is a list of artists who previously released music with Monstercat.


title: Acquarossa

paragraphs: Acquarossa is the capital of the district of Blenio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

paragraphs: It was created on 4 April 2004 when the former municipalities of Castro, Corzoneso, Dongio, Largario, Leontica, Lottigna, Marolta, Ponto Valentino and Prugiasco merged to form the new municipality of Acquarossa.


title: Buchholterberg

paragraphs: Buchholterberg is a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in canton of Berne in Switzerland.


title: Büetigen

paragraphs: Büetigen is a municipality in the administrative district of Seeland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.


title: Erstfeld

paragraphs: Erstfeld is a municipality in the canton of Uri in Switzerland. Around 3,000 people live in Erstfeld. Its area is .


title: Flüelen

paragraphs: Flüelen is a municipality in the canton of Uri in Switzerland. Around 1,500 people live in Flüelen and it has an area of .


title: Maratha dynasty

paragraphs: Chhatrapathi Shivaji Maharaj was the greatest ruler of the Maratha Empire. After Shivaji's death in 1680,the Mughal ruler Aurangzeb killed Shivaji's son Shambhaji and captured Shamabaji's infant son Shahu. Aurangazeb's successors released Shahu who occupied the Maratha throne.

paragraphs: The Peshwa is a (Prime minister) helped him rule his empire. Gradually, Peshwa became the real ruler of Marathas and his post became hereditary.

paragraphs: During Shahu's reign Satara was the Maratha capital. After his death, the capital was shifted to Pune. Under the Peshwas Marathas developed a very successful military campaign. Between 1720 and 1761 the Maratha empire expanded.

paragraphs: After raiding Delhi on 1737 the frontiers of Maratha domination expanded into Rajasthan, Punjab, Bengaluru and Odisha. But these military campaigns also made other rulers hostile towards the Marathas and as a result they did not support Marathas in the third battle of Panipat.


title: Büren an der Aare

paragraphs: Büren an der Aare ("Bueren on the Aare", ) is a municipality in the administrative district of Seeland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.


title: Arni, Bern

paragraphs: Arni is a municipality of the administrative district Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Berne, Switzerland.


title: Büren zum Hof

paragraphs: Büren zum Hof was a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

paragraphs: On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Büren zum Hof, Etzelkofen, Grafenried, Limpach, Mülchi, Schalunen and Zauggenried merged into the municipality of Fraubrunnen.


title: Remich

paragraphs: Remich () is a commune with city status in south-eastern Luxembourg, capital of the canton Remich.

paragraphs: It is called the "Pearl of the Moselle".

paragraphs: Remich was a Roman settlement called "Remacum". This name changed to the present nameː Remich.

paragraphs: On 24 February 1843, Remich was officially made a city together with Luxembourg City, Diekirch, Grevenmacher, Echternach, Wiltz and Vianden.

paragraphs: Remich lies on the left bank of the Moselle river, which forms part of the border between Luxembourg and Germany.

paragraphs: The "commune" is the smallest in Luxembourg in area. It has an area of . The altitude is high.

paragraphs: Remich is surrounded by three "communes" of Luxembourg: Stadtbredimus to the north, Schengen to the south and Bous to the west. To the northeast, the "commune" borders the Palzem municipality of the Germersheim district in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate; and to the southeast Perl of the Merzig-Wadern district in the German state of Saarland.

paragraphs: There were 3,632 persons living in the "commune" in 2017, for a population density of inhabitants/km².


title: Extreme Rules (2016)

paragraphs: Extreme Rules (2016) was a wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) made by WWE. The event was held on May 22, 2016. It took place at the Prudential Center in Newark, New Jersey. It was the eighth annual Extreme Rules.

paragraphs: Eight wrestling matches take place on the event. In the most important match, Roman Reigns beat AJ Styles in a Extreme Rules match to keep his WWE World Heavyweight Championship.

paragraphs: The event had mixed evaluations. Critics praised the matches for the Intercontinental Championship and WWE World Heavyweight Championship. However, the rest of the show was not well received.


title: Copa América Centenario

paragraphs: The Copa América Centenario (English: Centennial Copa America) was a men's association football tournament that took place from 3 June to 26 June 2016. The tournament was made to celebrate 100 years of the Copa América. It was hosted in the United States for the first time.

paragraphs: Chile won the final in penalties over Argentina (which was a repeat of the 2015 Copa América Final).

paragraphs: The winner of the tournament will not qualify for the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup because Chile already won the 2015 Copa América.


title: Burgdorf, Switzerland

paragraphs: Burgdorf () is the largest city in the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.


title: Bruno Gruszka

paragraphs: Bruno Stanisław Gruszka (6 October 1881 - 4 March 1941) was a Polish representative and politician. He worked as a councilman in Radymno. He was born in Skołoszów. He died in prison in Przemyśl.

paragraphs: Gruszka was born in a poor family. He was the only child of Ewa Bartoszewska and Michał Gruszka. He started his education in a middle school in Jarosław. Later he went to the teacher-training college in Tarnów. He studied law at the university in Lviv and Cracow.

paragraphs: When he studied, he joined “The Polish People's Party” (, abbreviated to PSL).

paragraphs: In 1937 he was arrested and sent to prison in Lviv by peasant strike. (1937)

paragraphs: Bruno Gruszka took part in building-up PSL “Piast" (1913-1931). He was also a member of the Executive Board in Cracow and the District Executive Board in Jarosław. In 1922 he was the leader of the Senate committee and created the statute of the parliament.

paragraphs: He was the founder of the Farmers and Craftspeople’s Bank in Radymno and Przemyśl and Włościański Bank in Jarosław.

paragraphs: He led The Ropework Association in Radymno.

paragraphs: He was the chairman of the Gymnastics Association Sokół.

paragraphs: He was the chairman of The Agriculture Association of the Małopolska province in Lviv.

paragraphs: There is a street named after him. He was buried in the cemetery in Radymno.