title: Wayne Messam 2020 presidential campaign

paragraphs: The 2020 presidential campaign of Wayne Messam, the 10th Mayor of Miramar, Florida began on March 28, 2019, when Messam stated that he would be running for President of the United States in 2020 on an online campaign video.

paragraphs: In early 2019 many sources said that Messam would run for president to which he responded with "all options will remain on the table." On March 13, 2019, he announced the formation of an exploratory committee for a possible run. He formally announced his candidacy on March 28, 2019.

paragraphs: Messam launched his campaign at a rally at Florida Memorial University in Miami Gardens.

paragraphs: Messam traveled to South Carolina, one of the early primary states in early March. He soon traveled to New Hampshire in May with further trips included South Carolina, Michigan, Nevada and California.

paragraphs: Messam dropped out from the race on November 20, 2019 following low polling numbers, money raised and lack of qualification to any of the debates.


title: Luwian language

paragraphs: Luwian was the language of the Luwian people. It is ordered under the Anatolian branch of the Indo-European languages. It died around 600 BCE. Linguists believe that it had two laryngeal consonants inherited from Indo-European, because their cuneiform writing had two symbols that represent laryngeal sounds.


title: Küssnacht

paragraphs: Küssnacht am Rigi (official name since 2004: Küssnacht) is a village, a municipality and a district in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland. It is the capital and municipality of the district of Küssnacht.

paragraphs: Küssnacht was first mentioned in 830 as "Cossiniacum", defining the estate of the Roman Lord "Cossinius".

paragraphs: In 1424, Küssnacht became a "district" of the Canton of Schwyz.

paragraphs: According to the legend of Wilhelm Tell, the hero shot the Austrian bailiff Gessler at the "Hohle Gasse" near the "Gesslerburg" with his crossbow.

paragraphs: On 29 August 1935, Queen Astrid of the Belgians was killed here in a road accident.

paragraphs: A memorial chapel ("Königin-Astrid-Kapelle") was built at the accident scene.

paragraphs: A well-known folklore event on December 5 each year is the Klausjagen.

paragraphs: It is at the northern shore of Lake Lucerne and at the southern shore of Lake Zug below mount Rigi ().

paragraphs: The municipality has three villages Küssnacht, Immensee, and Merlischachen, the hamlet "Haltikon", the industrial area "Fänn", and the alp "Seeboden".


title: Željko Kopanja

paragraphs: Željko Kopanja (21 October 1954 – 8 August 2016) was a Bosnian Serb newspaper editor. He was the director of the newspaper "Nezavisne Novine". "The Christian Science Monitor" described him as an equal critic of all parties without regard to ethnicity and "probably the most feared journalist in Bosnia and Herzegovina." He was born in Kotor Varoš, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Yugoslavia.

paragraphs: In October 1999, he lost both legs in a car bomb attack in apparent retaliation for his reporting on war crimes by Bosnian Serbs. He died from cardiac arrest on 8 August 2016 in Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina at the age of 61.


title: Ines Mandl

paragraphs: Ines Mandl (April 4, 1917 – August 5, 2016) was an Austrian-born American biochemist. He was awarded the Garvan-Olin Medal in 1983 for her work on the enzyme collagenase. She was a professor at Columbia University. He was born in Vienna.

paragraphs: Mandl died on August 5, 2016 at the age of 98.


title: Colleton County, South Carolina

paragraphs: Colleton County is a county in the state of South Carolina, United States. As of the 2010 census, 38,892 people lived there. Its county seat is Walterboro. The county is named after Sir John Colleton, 1st Baronet, one of the eight Lords Proprietor of the Province of Carolina and was created in 1800.


title: Dillon County, South Carolina

paragraphs: Dillon County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2010 census, the population was 32,062. Its county seat is Dillon.


title: Dillon, South Carolina

paragraphs: Dillon is a city in South Carolina in the United States. It is the county seat of Dillon County.


title: Edgefield County, South Carolina

paragraphs: Edgefield County is a county in the state of South Carolina, United States. As of the 2010 census, 26,985 people lived there. Its county seat is Edgefield.


title: Florence County

paragraphs: Florence County is the name of two counties in the United States:


title: Florence County, South Carolina

paragraphs: Florence County is a county in the state of South Carolina, United States. As of the 2010 census, 136,885 people lived there. Its county seat is Florence.


title: East–West Schism

paragraphs: The East-West Schism, also called the Schism of 1054, separated the Christian church to East and West. The East formed the Eastern Orthodox Church and the west formed the Roman Catholic Church.


title: Dennard, Arkansas

paragraphs: Dennard is a census-designated place (CDP) in the US state of Arkansas.


title: Hiwasse, Arkansas

paragraphs: Hiwasse is a census-designated place (CDP) in the US state of Arkansas.


title: Holiday Island, Arkansas

paragraphs: Holiday Island is a census-designated place (CDP) in the US state of Arkansas.


title: Lake Hamilton, Arkansas

paragraphs: Lake Hamilton is a census-designated place (CDP) in the US state of Arkansas.


title: Lost Bridge Village, Arkansas

paragraphs: Lost Bridge Village is a census-designated place (CDP) in the US state of Arkansas.


title: Gravel Ridge, Arkansas

paragraphs: Gravel Ridge is a census-designated place (CDP) in the US state of Arkansas.


title: Schwyz (district)

paragraphs: Schwyz District is a district of the canton of Schwyz, Switzerland. It is the largest and most populous of the six districts of the canton of Schwyz. As of , it has a population of . The capital is Schwyz which is also the capital of the canton of Schwyz.

paragraphs: It contains the following municipalities:


title: Höfe (district)

paragraphs: Höfe District is a district of the canton of Schwyz, Switzerland. As of , it has a population of . The capital is Wollerau/Pfäffikon.


title: Einsiedeln

paragraphs: Einsiedeln is a municipality and district in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland. It is known for its monastery, the Benedictine Einsiedeln Abbey, founded in the 10th century.

paragraphs: The municipality has six villages: Bennau, Egg, Willerzell, Euthal, Gross and Trachslau. The village of Biberbrugg is shared with the municipality of Feusisberg.


title: March (district)

paragraphs: March District is a district in the canton of Schwyz, Switzerland. As of , it has a population of . The capital is Lachen.


title: Lachen, Switzerland

paragraphs: Lachen is a municipality in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland, the capital in March District. It is the smallest municipality in the canton of Schwyz.


title: Lauerz

paragraphs: Lauerz is a municipality in Schwyz District of the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland. It is next to Lake Lauerz ("Lauerzersee").


title: Fairfield County, South Carolina

paragraphs: Fairfield County is a county in the state of South Carolina, United States. As of the 2010 census, 23,956 people lived there. Its county seat is Winnsboro.


title: Georgetown County, South Carolina

paragraphs: Georgetown County is a county in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2010 census, 60,158 people lived there. Its county seat is Georgetown. The county was formed in 1769. It is named for George III of the United Kingdom.


title: Wollerau

paragraphs: Wollerau is a municipality in Höfe District in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland. It lies on the upper Lake Zurich. It is the capital in Höfe District.


title: Feusisberg

paragraphs: Feusisberg is a municipality in Höfe District in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland.


title: Ingenbohl

paragraphs: Ingenbohl is a municipality in Schwyz District in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland. It is located along the Lake Lucerne.

paragraphs: The municipality consists of the village of Ingenbohl and the hamlets of Brunnen, Wilen, Schränggigen and Unterschönenbuch.


title: Greenwood County, South Carolina

paragraphs: Greenwood County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2010 census, its population was 69,661. Its county seat is Greenwood.


title: Chemical purification

paragraphs: In chemistry, purification, or isolation, is the separation of a chemical substance from other substances, so that it is pure.


title: Movies banned in China

paragraphs: The People's Republic of China bans a lot of movies for many reasons. The National Film Administration (国家电影局) decides for mainland China. Hong Kong and Macau have different political systems so the bans below do not apply.

paragraphs: Taiwan, which is known as the Republic of China by those countries that recognize it, is not under the control and jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China.


title: Ocean's Eleven

paragraphs: Ocean's Eleven is a 2001 American heist movie directed by Steven Soderbergh, and a remake of the 1960 Rat Pack movie of the same name. It features an ensemble cast, including George Clooney, Brad Pitt, Matt Damon, Don Cheadle, Andy García, Bernie Mac and Julia Roberts. The movie was a success at the box office and with critics, and was the fifth highest-grossing movie of 2001 with $450 million.


title: Christchurch mosque shootings

paragraphs: The Christchurch mosque shootings were two terrorist mass shootings on 15 March 2019 at the Al Noor Mosque and the Linwood Islamic Centre in Christchurch, New Zealand during Friday prayers. At least 51 people were killed and 49 others injured by gunman Brenton Tarrant in the shootings. It was described as a terrorist attack by Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern.

paragraphs: Police have also confirmed that they had found multiple car bombs, which were successfully disarmed. This was the first mass shooting in New Zealand since the 1997 Raurimu massacre.

paragraphs: Australian Brenton Tarrant was arrested and charged with murder. Tarrant live streamed one of the attacks on Facebook Live. Tarrant pleaded guilty to the murders in March 2020 and was sentenced to prison with no parole.

paragraphs: Tarrant began to shoot worshippers in the Al Noor Mosque at around 13:40. Between 300 and 500 people could have been in the mosque during Friday prayers when the shooting happened. Someone who lived nearby said the shooter ran from the mosque and dropped a gun. They also said that the man was wearing military-style clothes.

paragraphs: Tarrant live streamed the first 17 minutes of the attack on Facebook live. The stream showed the whole attack on the Al Noor Mosque, and finished as he was driving to the Linwood Islamic Centre. The first victim of the shooting could be heard greeting the shooter on the stream by saying "Hello, brother", who was killed straight after. The shooter was at the mosque for six minutes before driving away. Police were told about the attack at 1:53 p.m.

paragraphs: A second attack happened at around 1:55 p.m. at the Linwood Islamic Centre. It is a mosque away from the Al Noor Mosque. Seven people were killed there.

paragraphs: The mosque's imam said that a person called Abdul Aziz stopped the attack before Tarrant could get into the building. He grabbed a credit card machine and threw it at the attacker. Tarrant then shot at Aziz, who picked up an empty shotgun on the floor and threw it through the window of Tarrant's car. Tarrant then drove away.

paragraphs: The police found two improvised explosive devices in a car. They were defused by the New Zealand Defence Force and did not explode.


title: Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302

paragraphs: Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302 was a scheduled international passenger flight from Addis Ababa Bole International Airport in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia to Jomo Kenyatta International Airport in Nairobi, Kenya. On 10 March 2019, the Boeing 737 MAX 8 aircraft crashed six minutes after takeoff near the town of Bishoftu, killing all 157 passengers and crew aboard. The cause of the accident is currently unknown and under investigation.

paragraphs: Notable people killed in the crash were Nigerian-Canadian writer Pius Adesanmi and Italian politician Sebastiano Tusa.

paragraphs: As of January 2019, 350 aircraft of this model have been produced, and one other has crashed, Lion Air Flight 610 in Indonesia in October 2018. Following the accident, the Boeing 737 MAX 8 model was grounded by various airlines and government regulators worldwide.


title: Under the Bridge

paragraphs: "Under the Bridge" is a 1991 rock ballad from Red Hot Chili Peppers. The song is the eleventh track off the group's fifth studio album "Blood Sugar Sex Magik". The song was released on March 10, 1992.

paragraphs: The song is about feelings of alienation.

paragraphs: The song peaked at #2 on the United States "Billboard" Hot 100. It was right behind Kris Kross' "Jump".

paragraphs: The song got a platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America.


title: Magnet Cove, Arkansas

paragraphs: Magnet Cove is a census-designated place (CDP) in the US state of Arkansas.


title: Maysville, Arkansas

paragraphs: Maysville is a census-designated place (CDP) in the US state of Arkansas.


title: Prairie Creek, Arkansas

paragraphs: Prairie Creek is a census-designated place (CDP) in the US state of Arkansas.


title: New Edinburg, Arkansas

paragraphs: New Edinburg, also known as New Edinburgh, is a census-designated place (CDP) in the US state of Arkansas.


title: Piney, Arkansas

paragraphs: Piney is a census-designated place (CDP) in the US state of Arkansas.


title: Reader, Arkansas

paragraphs: Reader is a census-designated place (CDP) in the US state of Arkansas.


title: Rockwell, Arkansas

paragraphs: Rockwell is a census-designated place (CDP) in Garland County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 3,780 at the 2010 census.


title: Staves, Arkansas

paragraphs: Staves is a census-designated place (CDP) in the US state of Arkansas.


title: Sulphur Springs, Jefferson County, Arkansas

paragraphs: Sulphur Springs, also known as White Sulphur Springs, is a census-designated place (CDP) of Jefferson County in the US state of Arkansas.


title: Tumbling Shoals, Arkansas

paragraphs: Tumbling Shoals is a census-designated place (CDP) in the US state of Arkansas.


title: Woodlawn, Arkansas

paragraphs: Woodlawn is a census-designated place (CDP) in the US state of Arkansas.


title: Yarborough Landing, Arkansas

paragraphs: Yarborough Landing is a census-designated place (CDP) in Little River County, Arkansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 487.


title: Morschach

paragraphs: Morschach is a municipality in Schwyz District in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland.


title: Sattel, Switzerland

paragraphs: Sattel is a municipality in Schwyz District in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland.


title: Alpthal

paragraphs: Alpthal is a municipality in Schwyz District in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland.


title: Illgau

paragraphs: Illgau is a municipality in Schwyz District, in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland.


title: Oberiberg

paragraphs: Oberiberg is a village and municipality in Schwyz District in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland. The municipality consists of the village of Oberiberg and the hamlet and ski area of Hoch-Ybrig.


title: Steinen, Switzerland

paragraphs: Steinen is a municipality in Schwyz District, in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland.


title: Hampton County, South Carolina

paragraphs: Hampton County is in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2010 census, the population was 21,090. Its county seat is Hampton.


title: Steinerberg

paragraphs: Steinerberg is a municipality in Schwyz District in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland.


title: Rothenthurm

paragraphs: Rothenthurm is a municipality in Schwyz District in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland.


title: John Bardo

paragraphs: John William Bardo (October 28, 1948 – March 12, 2019) was an American educator. He was the President of Wichita State University from 2012 until his death in 2019. He was a faculty member at Western Carolina University after serving as the 10th Chancellor for 16 years. He was born in Cincinnati, Ohio.

paragraphs: Brado died of lung disease in Wichita on March 12, 2019 at the age of 70.


title: Ocean's Twelve

paragraphs: Ocean's Twelve is a 2004 American heist movie, the first sequel to 2001's Ocean's Eleven. Like its predecessor, which was a remake of the 1960 heist movie Ocean's 11, the movie was directed by Steven Soderbergh and used an ensemble cast. The movie stars George Clooney, Brad Pitt, Matt Damon, Catherine Zeta-Jones, Andy García, Julia Roberts, Don Cheadle, and Bernie Mac. It was released in the United States on December 10, 2004. The movie received mixed reviews from critics but was a financial success, grossing $435 million and becoming the tenth highest-grossing movie of 2004. A third movie, Ocean's Thirteen, was released on June 8, 2007, in the United States—thus forming "The Ocean's Trilogy".


title: Frank Cali

paragraphs: Francesco Paolo Augusto Calì (; March 26, 1965 – March 13, 2019), known as "Frank" or "Franky Boy", was an American crime boss of the Gambino crime family. Cali was thought to have been the Gambinos' "ambassador to Sicilian mobsters" and had linked him to the Inzerillo Mafia family from Palermo. He was born in New York City.

paragraphs: Cali was killed outside his home in Staten Island on March 13, 2019, aged 53.


title: Beril Dedeoğlu

paragraphs: Hatice Beril Dedeoğlu (9 December 1961 – 13 March 2019) was a Turkish academic and politician. She was born in Ankara. She was the Minister of European Union Affairs led by Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu between 22 September and 17 November 2015. She worked as a columnist for the newspapers "Star", "Today's Zaman", "Zaman", "Agos" and "Yeni Şafak".

paragraphs: Dedeoğlu died on 13 March 2019 from a cerebral hemorrhage in Ankara, aged 57.


title: Alberto Lois

paragraphs: Alberto Lois (May 6, 1956 – March 12, 2019) was a Dominican Major League Baseball player. Lois played for the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1978 and 1979. He was used primarily as a pinch runner, but was also an outfielder. He was born in Hato Mayor del Rey, Dominican Republic.

paragraphs: Lois died at his home on March 12, 2019 in Consuelo, Dominican Republic from stomach cancer, aged 62.


title: Andrea Pollack

paragraphs: Andrea Pollack (8 May 1961 – 13 March 2019) was a German butterfly swimmer. She was born in Schwerin, East Germany. Pollack won two gold medals at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, at age fifteen. She won a gold in the 4×100 m medley relay and a silver in the 100 m butterfly at the 1980 Moscow Olympics.

paragraphs: Pollack died on 13 March 2019 from pancreatic cancer in Berlin, aged 57.


title: Leroy Stanton

paragraphs: Leroy Bobby Stanton (April 10, 1946 – March 13, 2019) was an American Major League Baseball outfielder. He played all or part of nine seasons in the majors, from 1970 to 1978. He played for the New York Mets, California Angels, and the Seattle Mariners. He also played one season in Japan for the Hanshin Tigers in 1979. Stanton was born in Latta, South Carolina.

paragraphs: Stanton was killed in a car crash on March 13, 2019 near Florence, South Carolina, aged 72.


title: Latta, South Carolina

paragraphs: Latta is a town in Dillon County, South Carolina, United States. Latta is the second largest town in Dillon County. As of the 2016 census, it had a population of 1,334.


title: Easton, Maryland

paragraphs: Easton, Maryland is an town and the county seat of Talbot County, Maryland, United States. The population was 15,945 at the 2010 census.


title: Denton, Maryland

paragraphs: Denton is a town in Caroline County, Maryland. The population of Denton was 4,418 as of the 2010 United States Census, and it is the county seat of Caroline County.


title: Walter Kasper

paragraphs: Walter Kasper (born 5 March 1933) is a German Roman Catholic Cardinal and theologian. He is President Emeritus of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity. He was its president from 2001 to 2010. Kasper was born in Heidenheim an der Brenz, Germany. In 2001, he was made a cardinal by Pope John Paul II.


title: Godfried Danneels

paragraphs: Godfried Maria Jules Danneels (4 June 1933 – 14 March 2019) was a Belgian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He was the Metropolitan Archbishop of Mechelen-Brussels and the chairman of the episcopal conference from 1979 to 2010.

paragraphs: He was elevated to the cardinalate in 1983. He resigned in 2008 at the age of 75 and was accepted by Pope Benedict XVI on 18 January 2010. He was born in Kanegem, Tielt, Kingdom of Belgium.

paragraphs: Danneels died on 14 March 2019 in Mechelen, Belgium, aged 85.


title: Drink coaster

paragraphs: A coaster, drink coaster or beermat is an item used to rest drinks on. Coasters protect the surface where the glass or mug is put. Coasters put on top of a glass can show a drink is not finished prevent contamination (usually from insects).

paragraphs: Restaurants and bars usually will have coasters out on their tables. They are used to protect the surface of the table. If they are made of cardboard, they will absorb liquid that may drip along the glass. Beermats usually have trademarks or alcohol advertising. Bar mats have a similar function. They are rectangular pieces of rubber or absorbent material used to protect the countertop of a bar.


title: House of Glucksburg

paragraphs: The House of Glucksburg is a European dynasty. Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh belongs to this house. So do his descendants, including Charles, Prince of Wales, Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, and Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex. Other members of the house have included Queen Margrethe II of Denmark and King Harald V of Norway. In 1980, Christoph, Prince of Schleswig-Holstein became the head of the house.


title: Thirumanam (TV series)

paragraphs: Thirumanam (English:Marriage) is an 2018 Indian Tamil language romance drama which is directed by Azhagar and starring Sidhu and Shreya Anchan in lead roles.

paragraphs: The series is airing on Colors Tamil from October 8, 2018 on Monday to Saturday at 22:00 (IST) time slot. The story revolves around the marriage of Santhosh and Janani.

paragraphs: Santosh is in love with another girl while his parents force him to marry. Unable to stand against his parents...he promises to marry. He thinks of stopping the marriage through various means but he could not. After marriage, the furious Santhosh scolds and asks divorce to janani... How will Janani react? What will be her reaction?.. Will she say to her parents?..or will she give divorce?


title: Muotathal

paragraphs: Muotathal is a village and a municipality in Schwyz District in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland. The eponymous valley, the Muotatal, is formed by the Muota, which joins Lake Lucerne at Brunnen.

paragraphs: The village is in the valley of the river Muota, the Muotatal, with which it shares the name. The municipality is located in a series of valleys on the eastern edge of the canton, on the borders with the cantons of Uri and Glarus. It is the 10th largest municipality by area in Switzerland.

paragraphs: The municipality includes the entry site of the Hölloch, which at over 200 km is the longest cave in Switzerland, and the second-longest in Europe.


title: Unteriberg

paragraphs: Unteriberg is a village and municipality in Schwyz District in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland.

paragraphs: Unteriberg, Studen, Waag, Stöcken and Herti.


title: Biberbrugg

paragraphs: Biberbrugg is a village in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland. Biberbrugg is shared by the municipalities of Einsiedeln in the district of Einsiedeln and Feusisberg in the district of Höfe.


title: Galgenen

paragraphs: Galgenen is a municipality in March District in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland.

paragraphs: The main sights of Galgenen are: the Catholic church of St. Martin and the chapel of St. Jost.


title: Schübelbach

paragraphs: Schübelbach is a municipality in March District in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland.


title: Altendorf, Schwyz

paragraphs: Altendorf is a municipality in March District in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland.


title: Innerthal

paragraphs: Innerthal is a municipality in March District in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland.

paragraphs: The municipality is on Wägitalersee, a lake in the upper "Wägital".


title: Reichenburg

paragraphs: Reichenburg is a municipality in March District in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland.


title: Tuggen

paragraphs: Tuggen is a village and municipality in March District in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland.


title: Vorderthal

paragraphs: Vorderthal is a municipality in March District in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland.


title: Wangen, Schwyz

paragraphs: Wangen is a municipality in March District in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland.


title: Turtleneck

paragraphs: A turtleneck is a kind of sweater that has a small round piece covering your neck. Depending where you live, it can be called a polo neck, roll-neck, or skivvy. It can be thin or thick, worn tight or loose. There is a similar kind of sweater called the mock neck.

paragraphs: Turtlenecks have been popular in the west parts of Europe for a long time. They have been trendy in North America since the mid 1900s.

paragraphs: People of any gender can wear a turtleneck. People wear them when it is cold.


title: Horry County, South Carolina

paragraphs: Horry County ( ) is a county in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2010 census, the population was 289,650, making it the fifth-most populous county in South Carolina. The county seat is Conway.

paragraphs: The county is in the Pee Dee region of South Carolina, about 90 miles north of Charleston, South Carolina and about 130 miles east of the state capital, Columbia.


title: Conway, South Carolina

paragraphs: Conway is a city in Horry County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 17,103 at the 2010 census, and had an estimated population in 2016 of 22,761. It is the county seat of Horry County It is the home of Coastal Carolina University.


title: Clarksville, Texas

paragraphs: Clarksville is a city in the US state of Texas.


title: Coldspring, Texas

paragraphs: Coldspring is a city in the US state of Texas. It is the county seat of San Jacinto County.


title: Katharine Ross

paragraphs: Katharine Juliet Ross (born January 29, 1940) is an American actress. She is known for her role as Elaine Robinson in "The Graduate" (1967). She was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for that role.

paragraphs: Ross is also known for her roles as Etta Place in "Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid" (1969), for which she won a BAFTA Award for Best Actress; and as Joanna Eberhart in "The Stepford Wives" (1975). She won a Golden Globe for "Voyage of the Damned" (1976).


title: Colors Tamil

paragraphs: Colors Tamil is an Tamil language pay television channel and satellite television channel. Owned and operated by Viacom 18, a media entertainment company based in Chennai, Tamil Nadu it broadcasts programming in Tamil language. The channel was launched on 19 February 2018, typically broadcasting family drama, comedy shows, reality show and movies.

paragraphs: The channel available across India and other countries through satellite and cable. It also available through digital and mobile entertainment platform, Voot.


title: Verenahof

paragraphs: Verenahof was until 1967 a tiny part of West Germany containing three houses and twenty-four residents, completely surrounded by land belonging to Switzerland. The West German territory was an enclave separated from the rest of the country by a strip of Swiss land about 200 to 300 metres wide.

paragraphs: In 1522, Emperor Charles V and his brother Archduke Ferdinand of Austria bought Verenahof at the same time when they bought other small pieces of land in the same region (Tengen, Kommingen, Wiechs am Randen) from Count .

paragraphs: In the 17th and 18th centuries there were arguments between Tengen and Schaffhausen about access roads and the exact border of the enclave.

paragraphs: In 1964 West Germany and Switzerland agreed that Verenahof would become part of Switzerland. This happened on 4 October 1967. Today Verenahof is part of the village of Büttenhardt.

paragraphs: At the Wiechs am Randen town hall there are some remaining border markers that became no longer needed with the land swap in 1967. In Büttenhardt, at the old school house, some old border markers from the 1930s have been used to frame bushes planted around the enclave.


title: Long and short scales

paragraphs: The long and short scales are two of several large-number naming systems for integer powers of ten that use the same words with different meanings. The long scale is based on powers of one million (1,000,000), whereas the short scale is based on powers of one thousand (1,000).

paragraphs: For whole numbers less than a thousand million (< 10), the two scales are the same. From a thousand million up (≥ 10), the two scales differ ever more, using the same words for different numbers, which can cause misunderstanding.

paragraphs: Every next short "-illion" word greater than "million" is one thousand times as large as the previous term. Thus, a short:

paragraphs: "billion" (10) means "a thousand million",

paragraphs: "trillion" (10) means a "thousand billion",

paragraphs: "quadrillion" (10) means a "thousand trillion", and so on. Thus, a short "n"-illion equals 10.

paragraphs: Every next long "-illion" word greater than "million" is one million times as large as the previous term. So, the long:

paragraphs: "billion" (10) means a "million million",

paragraphs: "trillion" (10) means a "million billion",

paragraphs: "quadrillion" (10) means a "million trillion" and so on. Thus, a long "n"-illion equals 10.

paragraphs: Countries where the long scale is currently used include most countries in continental Europe and most that are French-speaking, Spanish-speaking (except Spanish-speakers born into an English-speaking culture, e.g. Puerto Rico, because of its influence from English-speaking United States) and Portuguese-speaking countries, except Brazil.

paragraphs: The short scale is now used in most English-speaking and Arabic-speaking countries, in Brazil, in the former Soviet Union and several other countries.

paragraphs: Number names are rendered in the language of the country, but are similar everywhere due to shared etymology. Some languages, particularly in East Asia and South Asia, have large-number naming systems that are different from both the long and short scales, as for example the Indian numbering system.

paragraphs: For most of the 19th and 20th centuries, the United Kingdom largely used the long scale, whereas the United States used the short scale, so that the two systems were often referred to as "British" and "American" in the English language. After several decades of increasing informal British usage of the short scale, in 1974 the government of the UK adopted it, and it is used for all official purposes. With very few exceptions, the British usage and American usage are now the same.

paragraphs: The first recorded use of the words "short scale" () and "long scale" () was by the French mathematician Geneviève Guitel in 1975.

paragraphs: To lessen the confusion from the use of both short and long terms in any language, the SI recommends using the Metric prefix, which keeps the same meaning regardless of the country and the language. Long and short scales remain in use for counting money.


title: Vandhal Sridevi

paragraphs: Vandhal Sridevi (English:Sridevi came in) is an 2018 Indian Tamil language romance drama starring Ananya, Nandhan Loganadhan, Lasya Nagraj, Meera Krishnan and Devi Priya. It is a remake of the Kannada language series "Lakshmi Baramma". The show replaces Enga Veetu Mapillai and airs on Colors Tamil from 18 April, 2018 to 28 June 2019.

paragraphs: Vanthal Sridevi is the story of a small town girl, Sridevi (Ananya), who escapes her cruel family through an inconvenient marriage to a man named Sidharth (Nandhan Loganadhan) and her struggles thereafter.


title: Fox Kids

paragraphs: Fox Kids was a programming block on FOX in the 1990s, moving into the 2000s and stopping in 2001. The shows it broadcasted included "Animaniacs", "Goosebumps", and several Marvel cartoons.


title: Feliks Zemdegs

paragraphs: Feliks Aleksanders Zemdegs (, ; born 20 December 1995) is an Australian "speed cuber" which means he solves Rubik's Cubes as fast as possible. Zemdegs set a new record in solving the Rubik's Cube with a time of 4.221 seconds. The record was set on May 6, 2018 at a Rubik's Cube contest called "Cube for Cambodia". Zemdegs also set a record time of 4.73 seconds in 2016, but the 2016 record was broken by American Patrick Ponce.


title: Gliese 581 c

paragraphs: Gliese 581 c is a exoplanet that orbits the red dwarf star Gliese 581. It is located about 20 light years away in the Libra. It is about six times as massive as Earth, and circles its star about 11 million kilometers from it (the Earth is 150 million kilometers away from the sun). It takes it 13 days to circle the star once. When it was discovered in 2007, it was thought to be Earth-like and habitable.

paragraphs: Gliese 581 c was thought to be habitable when it was discovered, and it was thought to be in the habitable zone. However, later studies by the von Bloh team said that Gliese 581 c circled too close to the star to be in the habitable zone. Gliese 581 c may also suffer a serve greenhouse effect, making it as hot as Venus. If that is true, it is uninhabitable. Also, red dwarfs like Gliese 581 are not very friendly to life as we know it, since they are very stellar active (meaning they emit strong solar flares and such).

paragraphs: Gliese 581 c may be tidally locked to its star. Just as one side of the Moon always faces Earth, the length of Gliese 581 c's day would then match the length of its year. Tidal locking also means the planet would have no axial tilt and that means the planet would not experience any seasons. Even with a permanent day one one side, and a permanent night on one side, a sliver of land between the two zones may be habitable.


title: Oviya (TV series)

paragraphs: Oviya () is an 2018 Indian Tamil language drama airing on Colors Tamil which is directed by Sai Maruthu and starring Surendar Shanmugam, Gomathi Priya and Harshala in lead roles. The plot of the series is the remake of a Hindi language television series Uttaran which aired on COLORS TV.

paragraphs: The series is airing on Colors Tamil from November 26, 2018 on Monday to Saturday at 18:30 (IST) time slot. The story is about friends Oviya (Gomathi Priya) and Gayathri (Harshala) and how that friendship is tested by their love interests over Surendar.


title: Whitney M. Young Magnet High School

paragraphs: Whitney M. Young Magnet High School (commonly known simply as Whitney Young) is a public magnet high school located in the Near West Side neighbourhood in Chicago, Illinois, United States. It is operated by the Chicago Public Schools district. Whitney Young opened on September 3, 1975 as the city's first public magnet high school.


title: Utrecht tram shooting

paragraphs: On the 18 March 2019, four people were killed and six others injured after a shooting on a tram in Utrecht, Netherlands.

paragraphs: Police shared a photo of a 37-year-old Turkish man called Gökmen Tanis who they were searching for. Police think that he got away in a red Renault Clio. Tanis was arrested the same day and was later sentenced to life in prison.


title: Norwood Junction railway station

paragraphs: Norwood Junction is a rail and Overground interchange in South Norwood, England. It is in Zone 4. The station is managed by London Overground and is served by Overground, Southern and Thameslink trains.

paragraphs: The Norwood Junction railway crash happened on 1 May 1891, when a cast-iron bridge over Portland Road, 60 yards (55 m) north-east of the old station building, split under the weight of an express train from Brighton to London Bridge.

paragraphs: "tph is trains per hour. T means the service is run by Thameslink, S means the service is run by Southern and O means an Overground service. A slash in between two operators means it is run by either."


title: Lev Kamenev

paragraphs: Lev Borisovich Kamenev (born Leo Rosenfeld or Lev Borisovich Rozenfeld; – 25 August 1936) was one of the leaders of the Russian Revolution in Russia. He was in office from 6 July 1923 to 16 January 1926. He was against the Tsar.


title: Kepler-186f

paragraphs: Kepler-186f is a exoplanet that goes around the red dwarf star Kepler 186. It is over 580 light years away in the Cygnus constellation. Kepler-186f was discovered in 2014 by the Kepler spacecraft. It is in the habitable zone of its star, so liquid water may exist on its surface. It is known for being the first Earth-sized exoplanets in the habitable zone of a star.

paragraphs: Kepler-186f is thought to be 97% and 125% the size of Earth (1.11 ± 0.14 the size of Earth) While its mass is not know it is thought to be up to 1.4 times Earth's. The true mass depends on what the planet is made of. If the planet has no atmosphere, then its temprature would be around 182 Kelvin (-91 Celsius).

paragraphs: Kepler-186f's ESI is thought to be around 0.58.

paragraphs: Kepler-186f is in the habitable zone of Kepler-186, so liquid water may be on its surface. However, just because a planet is in the habitable zone, dos not mean it is habitable. However, the find is still thought to be important, since it has a size similar to Earth's. It only receives one third of the sunlight Earth gets, hence its temprature is thought to be -91 Celsius. However, a greenhouse effect can help heat the surface up, and make it warmer.

paragraphs: A review from 2015 said that Kepler-186f, Kepler-442b, and Kepler-62f, are thought to be the best candidates for habitability.


title: Alan Krueger

paragraphs: Alan Bennett Krueger (September 17, 1960 – March 16, 2019) was an American economist. He worked at Princeton University and Research Associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research.

paragraphs: Krueger was nominated by President Barack Obama to be Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Economic Policy, which he served from May 2009 to October 2010. He was nominated in 2011 by Obama as Chair of the White House Council of Economic Advisers, and served in that office from November 2012 to August 2013.

paragraphs: Krueger killed himself in Princeton, New Jersey on March 16, 2019 at the age of 58.


title: Errol Barrow

paragraphs: Errol Walton Barrow, PC, Queen's Counsel (21 January 1920 - 1 June 1987) was a Caribbean and Barbadian politician and statesman and was the nations and country’s first Prime Minister of Barbados. He served as the first Prime Minister of Barbados from 30 November 1966 - 8 September 1976 for his first term and again from 29 May 1986 - 1 June 1987 as his second term. He served twice as Head of government of Barbados. He also served as the third Premier of Barbados from 4 December 1961 - 30 November 1966 under British rule until independence on 30 November 1966 and as the nation’s and Country‘s first Prime minister after Independence that same year of 1966. He is considered to have been the principal architect of Barbadian Independence. Today he is referred by many as the ‘’Father of the Barbadian Nation’’ and the ‘’National Hero of Barbados’’. Barrow effectively dominated Barbadian politics from 1961 until his death on 1 June 1987, serving as the nation’s and Country Head of government under various titles for most of that period as Premier of Barbados and then Prime Minister of Barbados. Born into a family of political and civic activists in the parish of Saint Lucy, Barbados. He was also known and nicknamed as “Dipper Barrow” within the country and Nation itself because of the great work that he has done and devoted to the country of Barbados itself.

paragraphs: Born on 21 January 1920 in the Parish of Saint Lucy, Barbados , his parents names are unknown. Errol Walton Barrow was the youngest among his sibling of his Sister Nita Barrow. He had one Sister only. At the age of 7 in 1927, Barrow traveled abroad for his Primary education and Secondary education to the United Kingdom on the advice of his parents because education was weak in Barbados then in the 1920s and his family wanted him to presue his education abroad to become a successful person in the future. So when he and his family reached the United Kingdom In 1927 when Barrow was 7 years old and Nita Barrow was 11 years old.


title: Democratic Labour Party (Barbados)

paragraphs: The Democratic Labour Party (DLP) is a political party which was founded in Barbados in 1955 by Errol Barrow. It was the ruling party of Barbados 3 times after Barbados became independent on 30 November 1966. It first ruled the Country and the nation of Barbados from 30 November 1966 to 8 September 1976 under Errol Barrow and then from 29 May 1986 to 7 September 1994 first again under Errol Barrow from 29 May 1986 until his death on 1 June 1987. Barrow’s than Deputy prime minister, Erskine Sandiford succeeded him as Prime Minister of Barbados on 1 June 1987. Erskine Sandiford Served as the 4th Prime Minister of Barbados from 1 June 1987 to 7 September 1994. The Democratic Labour Party rulled the country and the nation of Barbados for a third time form 15 January 2008 to 24 May 2018. It first rulled under David Thompson (Barbadian Politician) from 15 January 2008 to 23 October 2010 and then under Freundel Stuart from 23 October 2010 to 24 May 2018, but faced an electoral wipeout and a crushing, traumatic and unexpecteble defeat in the 2018 Barbadian general election which left it with no Member of Parliament’s.

paragraphs: The Democratic Labour Party (DLP) was founded in 1955 by Errol Barrow and Co-founded by Fredrick Smith. They were once members and candidates of the then ruling-party of Barbados the Barbados Labour Party (BLP) from 1951 to 1955, these people and 29 more people broke away and stepped down as members and candidates of the Barbados Labour Party (BLP) to form his more left-winged and leaning Social democratic alternative, the Democratic Labor Party (DLP) to challenge the then-ruling Barbados Labour Party in the 1956 Barbadian general election. The Democratic Labour Party (DLP) was a split form the Democratic domain of the Barbados Labour Party In 1955. However, as a result of this common orgin, the two parties have been and is still remaining until today, ideologically similar and has similar believes about governing the affairs of Barbados. But the only difference between the two Political parties of Barbados the Democratic Labour Party (DLP) and Barbados Labour Party (BLP), is that the Democratic Labour Party (DLP) focuses more on Democracy and on Human rights, while the Barbados Labour Party (BLP) focuses more on Republicanism and Labour. The first leadership election was held in the Democratic Labour Party (DLP) headquarters of St. George Street In 1955, one day after the Democratic Labour Party (DLP) was founded by Errol Barrow. Errol Barrow contested in that leadership election against Co-founder of the Democractic Labour Party (DLP), Fredrick Smith. It was a heated and close leadership election, and Errol Barrow defeated Fredrick Smith by a large margin of votes and Errol Barrow secured and won 49% of the vote, while Fredrick Smith secured and won 32% of the vote. Barrow was sworn in as leader and President of the Democratic Labour Party (DLP) and Leader of the Opposition the following day after the 1955 Democratic Labour Party (DLP) leadership election. He appointed his Central Excutive Comitee also.

paragraphs: Democratic Labour Party (DLP) Central Executive Commitee 1955:


title: West Croydon station

paragraphs: West Croydon is a combined rail, tram and bus interchange in Croydon. It is in Travelcard Zone 5.

paragraphs: In 1912, Samuel Colridge Taylor, himself a resident of Croydon, collapsed at the station due to overwork and pneumonia. He died at home a few days later.


title: St Albans School

paragraphs: St Albans School is a school in St Albans, Hertfordshire. It was founded in 984. Some of the ex-students include Stephen Hawking and Pope Adrian IV.

paragraphs: The school has been called "Britain's oldest public school" by the "Daily Mail". In 1818 the school was described as the school as "of very ancient origin, and of great celebrity". The "Good Schools Guide" describes St Albans as a "traditional public school, with a rich history".


title: Sebastian

paragraphs: Sebastian is a name. It comes from the Greek name Sebastianos (Σεβαστιανός) or changed into English "from Sebastia". It is given to people a lot because of a saint called Sebastian.


title: Transbrasil Flight 303

paragraphs: Transbrasil Flight 303 was a flight from Congonhas-São Paulo Airport in São Paulo, Brazil, to Hercílio Luz International Airport in Florianópolis, Brazil, on April 12, 1980. It crashed on approach to Hercílio Luz International Airport. Only three of the 58 people on board survived.

paragraphs: The aircraft involved was a Boeing 727-27C, registration PT-TYS. It had first flown on August 14, 1966. It was delivered to Braniff Airways, which leased it to Transbrasil in 1975, and sold it to Transbrasil in 1976.

paragraphs: The aircraft was on a night instrument approach to Hercílio Luz International Airport in a severe thunderstorm when it went off course, struck the hill Morro da Virgínia, and exploded. Probable causes were misjudgment of speed and distance, inadequate flight supervision, failure to initiate a go-around, and improper operation of the engines.


title: Urinary tract infection

paragraphs: A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection caused by bacteria in part of the urinary tract. In the lower urinary tract, it is known as a simple cystitis (a bladder infection). In the upper urinary tract, it is known as pyelonephritis (a kidney infection). Symptoms from a lower urinary tract infection include painful peeing and either frequent peeing or wanting to pee (or both). Symptoms of a kidney infection also include fever and side and back pain. In old people and young children, the symptoms are not always as clear. The main cause for both types is the bacteria "Escherichia coli." Other bacteria, viruses, or fungus may be the cause in rare cases.

paragraphs: Women get urinary tract infections more often than men. Half of women have an infection at some point in their lives. It is common to have repeated infections. Risk factors include sexual intercourse as well as family history. Sometimes a person who had a bladder infection will get a kidney infection. Kidney infection also can be caused by bacteria in the blood. Diagnosis in young healthy women can be based on symptoms alone. Sometimes, the urine needs to be tested. A person with frequent infections can take low-dose antibiotics to prevent future infections.

paragraphs: Antibiotics are used to treat simple cases of urinary tract infections. resistance to many of the antibiotics used to treat this condition, however, is increasing. People who have complicated urinary tract infections sometimes have to take antibiotics for a longer time, or might take antibiotics intravenously (through the veins). If symptoms have not improved in two or three days, a person will need further tests. In women, urinary tract infections are the most common form of bacterial infection. Ten percent of women develop urinary tract infections yearly.

paragraphs: Lower urinary tract infection is also known as a bladder infection. The most common symptoms are burning with peeing and having to pee frequently (or wanting to pee) without vaginal discharge or significant pain. These symptoms can vary from mild to severe. In healthy women, the symptoms last an average of six days. Some people will have pain above the pubic bone (lower abdomen) or in the lower back. People who have an upper urinary tract infection, or pyelonephritis (a kidney infection), can have flank pain, fever (a high temperature), or nausea and vomiting. Those symptoms are in addition to the normal symptoms of a lower urinary tract infection. In rare cases the urine looks bloody or contains visible pyuria (pus in the urine).

paragraphs: In young children, fever can be the only symptom of a urinary tract infection (UTI). Many medical associations recommend a urine culture for females younger than two year old or uncircumcised males who are younger than a year and have a fever. Infants with UTI sometimes eat poorly, vomit, sleep more, or show signs of jaundice ( a yellow coloring of the skin). Older children can have new urinary incontinence (loss of bladder control).

paragraphs: Urinary tract symptoms are frequently not seen in those who are old. Sometimes, the only symptoms are incontinence (loss of bladder control), a change in mental status (ability to think), or feeling tired. The first symptom for some old people is sepsis, an infection of the blood. Diagnosis can be difficult because many old people are incontinent (cannot hold their pee) or have dementia (poor thinking abilities).

paragraphs: "E. coli" is the cause of 80–85% of urinary tract infections. "Staphylococcus saprophyticus" is the cause in 5–10% of cases. In rare cases, viral or fungal infections cause urinary tract infections Other bacterial causes of UTI include:

paragraphs: These bacterial causes are not common and usually happen when the person has an abnormal urinary system or the person has a urinary catheterization (tube inserted into the bladder. Urinary tract infections due to"Staphylococcus aureus" usually happens after the person has had a blood infection.

paragraphs: Sexual intercourse is the cause of 75–90% of bladder infections in young, sexually active women. The risk of infection is related to how often they have sex. With UTIs so frequent when women first get married, the term "honeymoon cystitis" is often used. In post-menopausal women (women who have stopped menstruating), sexual activity does not affect the risk of developing a UTI. Using spermicide (a gel or cream to kill sperm) increases the risk of UTIs.

paragraphs: Women get more UTIs than men because women have a urethra that is much shorter and closer to the anus. As a woman's estrogen (a hormone) levels decrease with menopause, the risk of urinary tract infections increases due to the loss of protective vaginal flora (good bacterial that live in the vagina).

paragraphs: A urinary catheter is a tube that is put into the bladder to drain the urine. Using a catheter increases the risk for urinary tract infections. The risk of bacteriuria (bacteria in the urine) is 3% - 6% every day the catheter is used. Antibiotics do not stop these infections. The risk of an infection can be decreased by:

paragraphs: Bladder infections are more common in some families. Other risk factors include diabetes, being circumcised, and having a large prostate (a gland around the urethra in males). Complicating factors are not completely clear. These factors may include some anatomic problems (relating to physical narrowing), functional, or metabolic problems. A complicated UTI is more difficult to treat and usually needs more aggressive evaluation, treatment, and follow-up. In children, UTIs are linked to vesicoureteral reflux (an abnormal movement of urine from the bladder into ureters or kidneys) and constipation.

paragraphs: The bacteria that cause urinary tract infections usually go into the bladder from the uretha. It is believed these bacteria come from the bowel. Females are at greater risk because they have a short urethra that is close to their anus). After entering the bladder, "E. Coli" are able to stick to the bladder wall. They form a biofilm, which is a coating of microorganisms, that resists the body's immune response. However, infections can also come through the blood or lymph.

paragraphs: The following activities do not cause a UTI or make them happen less frequently:

paragraphs: People who often get UTIs and who use spermicide or a diaphragm for birth control should use a different type of birth control. Cranberry (juice or capsules) may decrease the number of infections, but some people cannot use cranberries for long periods of time. Gastrointestinal (stomach) upset occurs in more than 30% of people who regularly drink cranberry juice or take capsules. As of 2011, probiotics used intravaginally (in the vagina) require further study to determine if they are helpful.

paragraphs: For people who keep getting infections, taking antibiotics for a long time is helpful. Drugs frequently used include nitrofurantoin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. If infections are related to sexual intercourse, some women find it useful to taking antibiotics after sex. In post-menopausal women, using topical vaginal estrogen (a hormone applied to the skin of the vaginal) has been found to reduce getting a UTI. Unlike topical creams, the use of vaginal estrogen from pessaries (medical devices put in the vagina is not as useful as low-dose antibiotics. A number of vaccines are being developed (as of 2011).

paragraphs: There is little evidence that using preventative antibiotics decreases urinary tract infections in children. It is rare for people who have no problems with their kidneys to develop kidney problems from frequent UTIs. Having frequent urinary tract infections as a child causes less than a third of a percent (0.33%) of chronic kidney disease in adults.

paragraphs: In most cases, UTIs can be diagnosed just from the symptoms and there is no need for laboratory testing. Urinalysis (testing the urine) can be used to confirm the diagnosis in complicated cases. The urine is tested for urinary nitrites, white blood cells (leukocytes), or leukocyte esterase. Another test, urine microscopy, looks for red blood cells, white blood cells, or bacteria. Urine culture is considered positive if it shows a bacterial colony count of greater than or equal to 10 colony-forming units per mL of a typical bacteria that causes infections of the urinary tract. Cultures can also be used to test which antibiotic will work. However, women with negative cultures can still improve with antibiotic treatment. UTI symptoms in old people can be vague, and diagnosis can be difficult as there is no really reliable test.

paragraphs: A urinary tract infection in the lower urinary tract is known as a bladder infection. A UTI in the upper urinary tract is known as pyelonephritis or kidney infection. If the urine has significant bacteria, but there are no symptoms, the condition is known as asymptomatic bacteriuria.

paragraphs: A urinary tract infection is said to be complicated if:

paragraphs: Otherwise if a women is a healthy and before menopause, the infection is said to be uncomplicated. When children also have a fever, the urinary tract infection is considered to be an upper urinary tract infection.

paragraphs: To diagnose a urinary tract infection in children, a positive urinary culture is required. Contamination poses a frequent challenge so a cutoff of 10 CFU/mL is used for a "clean-catch" mid-stream sample, 10 CFU/mL is used for catheter-obtained specimens, and 10 CFU/mL is used for suprapubic aspirations (a sample drawn directly from the bladder through the stomach wall with a needle). The World Health Organization does not like the use of “urine bags” to collect samples because there is a high rate of contamination when that urine is cultured. Catheterization is preferred if an individual is unable to use a toilet. Some medical groups, such as the American Academy of Pediatrics, recommend renal ultrasound and voiding cystourethrogram (watching a person's urethra and urinary bladder with real time X-rays while they urinate) in all children who are younger than 2 years old and have had a urinary tract infection.Other medical groups such as the National Institute for Clinical Excellence recommend routine imaging only in babies younger than 6 months old or who have unusual findings.

paragraphs: In women with cervicitis (inflammation of the cervix) or vaginitis (inflammation of the vagina) and in young men with UTI symptoms, a "Chlamydia trachomatis" or "Neisseria gonorrheae" infection may be the cause. Vaginitis may also be due to a yeast infection. Interstitial cystitis (chronic pain in the bladder) can be the cause for people who have UTI symptoms many times, but whose urine cultures remain negative and do not improved with antibiotics. Prostatitis (inflammation of the prostate) may also be considered in the differential diagnosis.

paragraphs: Phenazopyridine can be used in addition to antibiotics to help ease the burning pain of a bladder infection. However, phenazopyridine is no longer commonly recommended due to safety concerns. It can cause methemoglobinemia, which means there is higher than normal level of methemoglobin in the blood. Acetaminophen can be used for fevers.

paragraphs: Women who keep getting simple UTIs can benefit from self-treatment; these women should get medical treatment medical only if the initial treatment fails. Health care providers may also prescribe the antibiotics by phone.

paragraphs: Simple infections can be diagnosed and treated based on symptoms alone. Oral antibiotics such as trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX), cephalosporins, nitrofurantoin, or a fluoroquinolone will shorten the time to recovery. All these drugs are equally effective. A three-day treatment with trimethoprim, TMP/SMX, or a fluoroquinolone is usually enough. Nitrofurantoin needs 5–7 days. With treatment, symptoms should improve within 36 hours. About 50% of people will get better without treatment within a few days or weeks. The Infectious Diseases Society of America does not recommend fluoroquinolones as first treatment because of concerns that overuse will lead to resistance to this class of drugs, making these drugs less effective for more serious infections. Despite this precaution, some resistance has developed to all of these drugs because to their widespread use. In some countries, trimethoprim alone is deemed to be equivalent to TMP/SMX. Children with simple UTIs are often helped by a three-day course of antibiotics.

paragraphs: Pyelonephritis (kidney infection) is treated more aggressively than a simple bladder infection using either a longer course of oral antibiotics or intravenous antibiotics. Seven days of the oral fluoroquinolone ciprofloxacin is typically used in geographic areas where the resistance rate is less than 10%. If the local resistance rates are greater than 10%, a dose of intravenous ceftriaxone often is prescribed. People with more severe symptoms are sometimes admitted a hospital for ongoing antibiotics. If symptoms do not improve following two or three days of treatment, it can mean that the urinary tract is blocked by a kidney stone.

paragraphs: Urinary tract infections are the most frequent bacterial infection in women. They occur most frequently between the ages of 16 and 35 years. Ten percent of women get an infection yearly; 60% have an infection at some point in their lives. Nearly half of people get a second infection within a year. Urinary tract infections occur four times more frequently in females than males. Pyelonephritis (a kidney infection) occurs between 20–30 times less frequently than bladder infections. Pyelonephritis is the most common cause of hospital acquired infections, accounting for approximately 40% of hospital-acquired infections. Rates of asymptomatic bacteria in the urine increase with age from 2% to 7% in women of childbearing age to as high as 50% in elderly women in care homes. Rates of aysmtomatic bacteria in the urine among men over 75 are 7-10%.

paragraphs: Urinary tract infections can affect 10% of people during childhood. Urinary tract infections in children are the most common in uncircumcised males younger than 3 months of age, followed by females younger than one year. Estimates of frequency among children, however, vary widely. In a group of children with a fever, ranging in age between birth and 2 years, 2- 20% were diagnosed with a UTI.

paragraphs: In the United States, urinary tract infections lead to nearly seven million office visits, a million emergency department visits, and 100,000 hospitalizations every year. The cost of these infections is high due to both lost time at work and costs of medical care. The direct cost of treatment is estimated at 1.6 billion USD yearly in the United States.

paragraphs: Urinary tract infections have been described since ancient times. The first written description, found in the Ebers Papyrus, dates to around the 1550 BC. The Egyptians described a urinary tract infection as "sending forth heat from the bladder." Herbs, bloodletting, and rest were the common treatments until the 1930s, when antibiotics became available.

paragraphs: Pregnant women with UTIs have a higher risk of kidney infections.During pregnancy, high progesterone (a hormone) levels decreased muscle tone of the ureters and bladder. Decreased muscle tone leads to a greater likelihood of reflux, where urine flows back up the ureters and toward the kidneys. If bacteria are present, pregnant women have a 25-40% risk of a kidney infection. Thus treatment is recommended if urine testing shows signs of an infection—even in the absence of symptoms. Cephalexin or nitrofurantoin are typically used because those medications are generally considered safe in pregnancy. A kidney infection during pregnancy may result in premature birth or pre-eclampsia (a state of high blood pressure, kidney dysfunction, or seizures).


title: Thumbelina

paragraphs: "Thumbelina" () is a fairy tale by Hans Christian Andersen.

paragraphs: The tale was first printed by C. A. Reitzel on 16 December 1835 in Copenhagen, Denmark. "Thumbelina" is about a tiny girl. She has several adventures with a toad, a mole, a field mouse, and other creatures of field and forest. At the end, she meets and falls in love with a flower-fairy prince just her size.

paragraphs: "Thumbelina" was one of nine fairy tales Andersen printed between 1835 and 1837 in a series of three booklets. These booklets were called "Fairy Tales Told for Children". "Thumbelina" appeared in the second booklet with "The Naughty Boy" and "The Traveling Companion". The first booklet included "The Tinderbox", "Great Claus and Little Claus", "The Princess and the Pea", and "Little Ida's Flowers". The third booklet was printed in 1837. Only two tales, "The Little Mermaid" and "The Emperor's New Clothes", appeared in the third and final booklet.

paragraphs: "Thumbelina" is completely Andersen's invention. He did however know tales about tiny people such as "Tom Thumb" and the six-inch tall Lilliputians in "Gulliver's Travels". He may have taken some inspiration from these tales. Andersen's tales were not liked by the Danish critics. They did not like their casual style and their lack of morals. One critic liked "Thumbelina". He called it "delightful". The tale has been adapted to an animated movie and a live-action television programme.

paragraphs: A woman wants a baby. She asks a witch to help her. The witch gives the woman a barleycorn. She tells the woman to plant it, and wait for what will happen. The barleycorn is planted, and a flower grows. When the woman kisses the flower, it pops open to reveal tiny Thumbelina.

paragraphs: One night, Thumbelina is asleep in her walnut-shell cradle. She is carried off by a toad who hops through an open window. The toad wants the tiny girl as a bride for her son. She puts Thumbelina on a lily pad for safekeeping. Thumbelina escapes the toad with the help of friendly fish and a white butterfly. She floats away on the lily pad.

paragraphs: She is suddenly snatched and carried away by a cockchafer (beetle). The beetle's friends are proud and arrogant. Thumbelina is not of their social class. They take a dislike to her at once. The beetle drops her without a second thought, and flies away.

paragraphs: Thumbelina lives alone as best she can in the fields. When winter comes, she needs to find a place to live. She is finally given a home by an old field mouse. Thumbelina thanks the mouse by taking care of her little house.

paragraphs: The mouse thinks Thumbelina should marry her neighbor, a smart and well-to-do mole. Thumbelina finds the idea of being married to such a creature hateful. After all, he spends all of his days underground and never sees the sun or sky.

paragraphs: The field mouse does not listen to Thumbelina's protests. She continues to urge the marriage. At the last minute, Thumbelina flies away with a swallow to a far, sunny land. Thumbelina brought the swallow back to health during the winter. They have been friends ever since.

paragraphs: The swallow carries Thumbelina to a sunny land. In a field of flowers, Thumbelina meets a tiny flower-fairy prince just her size and to her liking. They wed. Her husband gives her a pair of wings so she can fly with him on his travels from flower to flower. She is given a new name, Maia.

paragraphs: In the last page of the story, the swallow has flown to a poet's window, and tells him the complete story of Thumbelina.

paragraphs: "Note:" Mary Howitt was the first to translate the story into English. She disliked the encounter with the witch. In her translation, she starts the tale with a beggar woman giving a peasant's wife a barleycorn in exchange for food. Once the barleycorn is planted, tiny Thumbelina (Tommelise) emerges from its flower.

paragraphs: Hans Christian Andersen was born in Odense, Denmark on 2 April 1805. His father was Hans Andersen, a shoemaker. His mother was Anne Marie Andersdatter, a laundress. Andersen was an only and a spoiled child. He shared a love of books with his father. His father read him "The Arabian Nights" and the fables of Jean de la Fontaine. Together, they built panoramas, pop-up pictures, and toy theatres. Father and son took long walks into the countryside.

paragraphs: Andersen's father died in 1816. From then on, Andersen was on his own. Andersen was a tall, thin boy who was bullied by other boys. He wanted to escape them, and his poor, illiterate mother. He advertised his artistic talents to the middle class of Odense. He sang and danced in their homes. On 4 September 1819, the fourteen-year-old Andersen left Odense for Copenhagen with gifts of money he had received from his neighbors. He carried a letter of reference to the ballerina Madame Schall, and had dreams of becoming a poet, a ballet dancer, or an actor.

paragraphs: After three years in Copenhagen without someone to support him, Andersen finally found an interested gentleman in Jonas Collin, the director of the Royal Theatre. Collin believed in the boy's talents. He managed to have the king send Andersen to a grammar school in Slagelse, a country town in west Zealand. He thought Andersen would continue his education at Copenhagen University at the right time.

paragraphs: At Slagelse, Andersen was taught by the short, fat, balding thirty-five-year-old Simon Meisling. This man was interested in Ancient Greece and Rome, and had translated Virgil's "Aeneid". Andersen was not the brightest student in his class, and Meisling gave Andersen his sharp disapproval. "You're a stupid boy who will never make it," Meisling told him. Meisling is believed to be the model for the learned mole in "Thumbelina".

paragraphs: Fairy tale and folklore researchers Iona and Peter Opie believe that "Thumbelina" is a "distant tribute" to Andersen's friend, Henriette Wulff, the small, delicate, handicapped daughter of the Danish translator of Shakespeare. She loved Andersen as Thumbelina loves the swallow; however, there is no written evidence to support the "distant tribute" theory.

paragraphs: “Thumbelina” is completely Andersen’s invention. He knew other tales of little people such as the old English fairy tale of "Tom Thumb" and Jonathan Swift’s "Gulliver's Travels" with its tiny, six-inch Lilliputians. He may have found inspiration in these tales for "Thumbelina". He knew Voltaire‘s short story, “Micromégas“ (with its cast of huge and tiny peoples), and E. T. A. Hoffmann’s hallucinatory, erotic tale "Meister Floh". In Hoffmann's tale, a tiny lady torments the hero. A tiny girl also appears in Andersen‘s prose fantasy, "A Journey on Foot from Holmen's Canal to the East Point of Amager" (1828). Another image from literature similar to Andersen’s tiny being inside a flower is found in E. T. A. Hoffmann’s "Princess Brambilla” (1821).

paragraphs: Andersen printed two booklets of "Fairy Tales Told for Children" in 1835. The first booklet was printed in May, and the second in December. "Thumbelina" was first printed in the December booklet by C. A. Reitzel on 16 December 1835 in Copenhagen. "Thumbelina" was the first tale in the booklet. The booklet included two other tales: "The Naughty Boy" and "The Traveling Companion". "Thumbelina" was printed again in collections of Andersen's works in 1850 and 1862.

paragraphs: The second booklet of "Fairy Tales Told for Children" featured "The Tinderbox", "Great Claus and Little Claus", "The Princess and the Pea", and "Little Ida's Flowers". The third booklet, printed in 1837, included "The Little Mermaid" and "The Emperor's New Clothes".

paragraphs: The first reviews of the seven tales of 1835 did not appear until 1836. The Danish critics did not like them. They thought the informal, chatty style of the tales and their lack of morals were not appropriate for children’s stories. One critic however thought that "Thumbelina" was “the most delightful fairy tale you could wish for.”

paragraphs: The critics did not believe Andersen should write other fairy tales. One journal never mentioned the first seven tales at all. Another advised Andersen not to waste his time writing fairy tales. One critic stated that Andersen "lacked the usual form of that kind of poetry [...] and would not study models". Andersen felt he was working against their ideas of what a fairy tale should be. He returned to writing novels, believing that this was his true calling. The critical reaction to the 1835 tales was so rough that Andersen waited a year before printing "The Little Mermaid" and "The Emperor's New Clothes". These two tales appeared in the third and final booklet of "Fairy Tales Told for Children" in 1837.

paragraphs: Mary Howitt was the first to translate "Tommelise" into English. She printed it in 1846 as "Thumbelina" in "Wonderful Stories for Children". However, she did not approve of the opening scene with the witch. Instead, she had the childless woman provide bread and milk to a hungry beggar woman. The childless woman was then rewarded with a barleycorn.

paragraphs: Charles Boner also translated the tale in 1846 as "Little Ellie". Madame de Chatelain called the tiny child 'Little Totty' in her 1852 translation. The editor of "The Child's Own Book" (1853) called the child throughout, 'Little Maja'. H. W. Dulcken's widely printed volumes of Andersen's tales appeared in 1864 and 1866. Mrs. H. B. Paulli translated the name as 'Little Tiny' in the late-nineteenth century.

paragraphs: In the twentieth century, Erik Christian Haugaard translated the name as 'Inchelina' in 1974. Jeffrey and Diane Crone Frank translated the name as 'Thumbelisa' in 2005. Modern English translations of "Thumbelina" are found in the six-volume complete edition of Andersen's tales from the 1940s by Jean Hersholt. Erik Christian Haugaard’s translation of the complete tales was published in 1974.

paragraphs: Fairy tale and folklore researchers Iona and Peter Opie have written that "Thumbelina" is an adventure story from the female point of view. They believe the story teaches the reader that people are happiest with their own kind. Thumbelina is a passive character and the victim of circumstances, they point out. Her male counterpart Tom Thumb (one of the tale’s inspirations) is an active character. He makes himself felt, and exerts himself.

paragraphs: Folklorist Maria Tatar sees “Thumbelina” as a runaway bride story. She notes that it has been viewed as an allegory about arranged marriages. She points out that "Thumbelina" is a fable about being true to one’s heart. "Thumbelina" upholds the notion that the love of a prince is to be valued above all else.

paragraphs: Tatar points out that in Hindu belief, a thumb-sized being known as the innermost self or soul dwells in the heart of all beings, human or animal. This concept may have absorbed by European folklore, then taken form as Tom Thumb and Thumbelina. Both characters seek transfiguration and redemption. She sees parallels between Andersen’s tale and the Greek myth of Demeter and her daughter, Persephone. Despite the pagan references in the tale, she notes that "Thumbelina" refers to Christ‘s suffering and resurrection, and the Christian concept of salvation.

paragraphs: Andersen biographer Jackie Wullschlager writes that “Thumbelina” was the first of Andersen's tales to dramatize the sufferings and hardships of one who is different. As a result of being different, Thumbelina becomes the object of mockery. It was also the first of Andersen's tales to use the swallow as the symbol of the poetic soul. Andersen identified with the swallow as a migratory bird whose pattern of life his own traveling days were beginning to resemble.

paragraphs: Roger Sale believes Andersen's feelings of social and sexual inferiority were expressed in the tale by creating characters that are inferior to their beloveds. The Little Mermaid, for example, has no soul while her human beloved has a soul as his birthright. In “Thumbelina”, Andersen suggests the toad, the beetle, and the mole are Thumbelina’s inferiors. They should remain in their places rather than wanting their superior. Sale indicates they are not inferior to Thumbelina but simply "different". He suggests that Andersen may have done some damage to the animal world when he colored his animal characters with his own feelings of inferiority.

paragraphs: Jacqueline Banerjee views the tale as a story about failure. “Not surprisingly,“ she writes, “”Thumbelina“ is now often read as a story of specifically female empowerment.“ Susie Stephens believes Thumbelina herself is a grotesque. She observes that “the grotesque in children’s literature is [...] a necessary and beneficial component that enhances the psychological welfare of the young reader“. Children are attracted to the cathartic qualities of the grotesque, she suggests.

paragraphs: Sidney Rosenblatt in his essay, "Thumbelina and the Development of Female Sexuality" believes the tale may be analyzed from the perspective of Freudian psychosexual development. He believes the story is one of female masturbation. Thumbelina herself, he posits, could symbolize the clitoris, her rose petal coverlet the labia, the white butterfly "the budding genitals", and the mole and the prince the anal and vaginal openings respectively.

paragraphs: "Thumbelina" has been adapted to different media. The earliest animated version of the tale is a silent, black-and-white release by director Herbert M. Dawley in 1924. Lotte Reiniger released a 10-minute movie adaptation in 1954 featuring her "silhouette" puppets.

paragraphs: Don Bluth's full-length animated movie, "Thumblina" may be one of the best known versions. The story was also adapted to the live-action television program, "Faerie Tale Theatre". This production starred Carrie Fisher. The direct-to-DVD animated movie, "Barbie Presents Thumbelina" was released in 2009. Russia and Japan have also released animated productions.


title: Mike McGlone

paragraphs: Michael "Mike" McGlone (born 10 August 1972) is an American actor, singer, songwriter, and comedian. He is best known as the GEICO insurance spokesperson.


title: Puss in Boots

paragraphs: "Puss in Boots" is a fairy tale. It was written/recorded by Charles Perrault. The story is the classic "animal as helper" tale. It is about a cat who uses tricks and lies to gain power, money, and a princess in marriage for his lowborn master. The story first appeared in a handwritten manuscript in 1695 with four other tales by Perrault. It was published in Paris in 1697 by Claude Barbin in "Histoires ou contes du temps passé" (), a collection of eight fairy tales by Perrault. The book was a great success.

paragraphs: A tale from Gianfrancesco Straparola's "Le piacevoli notti" () (1550-55) and another from Giambattista Basile's "Pentamerone" (1634) are similar to "Puss in Boots". Straparola's story was published in France in 1560. It may have influenced Perrault. "Pentamerone" was not published in France during Perrault's lifetime. It is not likely he knew Basile's tale.

paragraphs: A miller dies. He leaves a cat to his youngest son. The cat requests a pair of boots. He tells the boy he will make his fortune. The cat makes friends with the king by bringing him wild game in the name of his master. One day, the king rescues the boy from drowning. He dresses him in clothes from his own wardrobe. The king's daughter falls in love with the handsome boy at once. The cat takes possession of a castle for his master by killing an ogre. The boy marries the king's daughter.


title: Golden Sun

paragraphs: Golden Sun is a Game Boy Advance handheld role-playing video game. It was developed by Camelot and published in 2001 by Nintendo. It's the first of the "Golden Sun" series. In Japan, it's named Ōgon no Taiyō Hirakareshi Fūin (, meaning "Golden Sun: The Broken Seal"). In 2003, the second of the series named "" was released. The game's "Djinn" setting is unusual.

paragraphs: The game's story take place on a magic world named "Weyard". It's an alchemy world, and alchemy can be controlled by adepts. Long long ago, Alchemy was sealed, but one day some young adepts let it return to Weyard. To keep world safety, they have to travel to let alchemy be sealed again.

paragraphs: IGN's Craig Harris said "Golden Sun" "is the best game in all 2D-based Japanese RPG".


title: Stories or Tales of Past Times

paragraphs: Stories or Tales from Past Times () is a collection of eight fairy tales by Charles Perrault. It was published in Paris in 1697 by Claude Barbin. The collection is also known as "Mother Goose's Tales" (). The eight tales are "The Sleeping Beauty in the Wood", "Little Red Riding Hood", "Bluebeard", "Puss in Boots", "Diamonds and Toads", "Cinderella", "Rickey with the Tuft", and "Hop o' My Thumb". Later editions included three verse tales by Perrault: "Griselda", "The Silly Wishes", and "Donkeyskin". The stories have been translated into many languages. They have been published around the world.


title: Bluebeard

paragraphs: "Bluebeard" () is a fairy tale by Charles Perrault. It first appeared in a handwritten and illustrated manuscript in 1695 titled "Contes de ma mère l'oye" (). The deluxe volume was intended for Mademoiselle, the 19-year-old niece of Louis XIV. It included four other tales by Perrault. "Bluebeard" was first published anonymously in January 1697 in Paris by Claude Barbin in "Histoires ou contes du temps passé" (), a collection of eight fairy tales by Perrault. The tale is about a cruel man who murders his wives. He puts their corpses in a secret room opened only by a magic key.

paragraphs: Jacque Barchilon believes the tale is original with Perrault because there are no close antecedants. The taboo of the forbidden room is found in eastern literature, and Barchilon writes that the tale has an "Oriental character". He points out that the French associated beards with Turkish fashions, and early illustrations depict Bluebeard wearing a turban-like headdress.

paragraphs: Medieval murderer of children Gilles de Rais may have been the inspiration for the character of Bluebeard. De Rais was a Marshal of France and Joan of Arc's military companion. His victims (mostly young boys) were said to number 140. The Breton king Comorre the Cursed (c.500 AD) is another candidate. Tales similar to "Bluebeard" include "The Fitcher's Bird" by the Brothers Grimm and the English tale "Mr. Fox".

paragraphs: A rich man has a blue beard which frightens young women. He has been married several times but no one knows what has happened to his wives. He woos two young sisters in the neighborhood but neither are inclined to consider marriage. He treats them to a lavish time in his country house. The younger sister decides to marry him. Shortly after the wedding (and before he travels to a far land on business), Bluebeard gives his wife the keys to his house. One key opens a door to a distant room. He forbids her to enter this room. He leaves and his wife opens the door to the forbidden room. Here she finds Bluebeard's former wives, all dead and lying on a floor covered with blood. She drops the key. It is magic and becomes stained with blood that cannot be washed away. Bluebeard returns. He discovers the blood-stained key and knows his wife has disobeyed his order. He tells her she will take her place among the dead. He grants her a few minutes to pray. She calls her sister Anne and asks her to go to the top of the tower to see if her brothers are on the road. After several tense moments, Anne reports seeing the men approaching. Bluebeard raises a cutlass to decapitate his wife. Her brothers burst into the room. They kill Bluebeard. Their sister is safe.


title: All That Heaven Allows

paragraphs: All That Heaven Allows is a 1955 romantic drama movie. It stars Jane Wyman and Rock Hudson. Douglas Sirk directed. It is based on a story by Edna L. Lee and Harry Lee. The movie was produced by Ross Hunter, and released by Universal Pictures. It was chosen for preservation in the United States National Film Registry.

paragraphs: Cary Scott is a rich widow. Her social life is dull. It centers on her two adult children, her country club friends, and a couple of men with romantic hopes. She falls in love with young landscape designer Ron Kirby. He is her social inferior. He proposes and she says yes. Her children and friends disapprove. Because of this, Cary ends the relationship with Ron. Cary returns to her lonely life. She sees other women getting engaged and living lives of happiness. She finds the courage to defy social norms and commits to loving Ron.

paragraphs: Bosley Crowther did not like the movie. He wrote, "The script was obviously written to bring [Wyman] and Mr. Hudson, who made a popular twosome in the "Magnificent Obsession", together again. Solid and sensible drama plainly had to give way to outright emotional bulldozing and a paving of easy clichés."


title: Imitation of Life (1959 movie)

paragraphs: Imitation of Life is a 1959 American romantic drama movie. It stars Lana Turner, John Gavin, Juanita Moore, Susan Kohner, and Sandra Dee. Douglas Sirk directed. The movie is based on a book by Fannie Hurst. It was produced by Ross Hunter and released by Universal Pictures. The movie tells the story of two women and their daughters over the years.


title: Madame X (1966 movie)

paragraphs: Madame X is a movie from 1966 starring Lana Turner, Constance Bennett, John Forsythe, Ricardo Montalbán, Burgess Meredith, and Keir Dullea. It was directed by David Lowell Rich and produced by Ross Hunter.

paragraphs: Holly Parker marries a rich and ambitious politician named Clayton Anderson (Forsythe). He is often travelling. Holly steps out now and then with Phil (Montalbán). She breaks the relationship off, but Phil refuses to be dismissed. He dies while arguing with her.

paragraphs: Holly's mother-in-law (Bennett) realizes the scandal will destroy her son's political goals. She tells Holly to disappear forever by staging a fake drowning. She does so, and flees to Europe.

paragraphs: The years pass. Holly drinks heavily and pals around with Dan (Meredith). They return to America. Holly discovers Dan plans to blackmail her husband. She kills him. She refuses to reveal her identity to the police, and signs a confession with the letter "X".

paragraphs: The court assigns her an attorney who happens to be her son Clayton Jr. (Dullea). The trial is nerve wracking for Holly. Weary and ill, she dies in jail without revealing that she is her attorney's mother.


title: Louis Vuitton

paragraphs: Louis Vuitton is a French fashion house formed in 1854 by Louis Vuitton. It sells shoes, watches, jewellery, accessories, sunglasses and books. It sells its products in boutiques. The products are still made by hand. In 1867, the company participated in the universal exhibition in Paris. To protect the duplication of his look, he changed the Trianon design to a beige and brown in 1876. The company opened its first store in London, England on Oxford Street. In 1959 he created purses, bags and wallets. In 1977, the company had an annual income of 70 million francs.


title: Shapley 1

paragraphs: Shapley 1 (also known as "Sp 1" or "PLN 329+2.1") is a planetary nebula in the constellation of Norma. The nebula was discovered by the astronomer Harlow Shapley in 1936 and it is about 1,000 lightyears away from Earth.


title: Pus

paragraphs: Pus is a fluid that is created as a result of certain inflammations in vertebrates. In vertebrates, white blood cells fight the inflammation. Neutrophils destroy the agents that cause the infection, for example bacteria, macrophages engulf and neutralise these agents. Pus is made of dead neutrophils and macrophages, mostly. In most cases, pus is the result of bacterial infection, but it can also result from other conditions, such as psoriasis.


title: Leptin

paragraphs: Leptin is a hormone made by cells in fat tissue that reduces hunger. That helps the energy balance in the body.

paragraphs: Leptin is opposed by the actions of the hormone ghrelin, the "hunger hormone". Both hormones act on receptors in the hypothalamus. They adjust appetite to get energy homeostasis.

paragraphs: In obesity, a decreased sensitivity to leptin occurs. This leads to a feeling of hunger, despite high energy stores.

paragraphs: Although regulation of fat stores is the primary function of leptin, it also plays a role in other physiological processes. These additional functions are still being studied.

paragraphs: Leptin was recently discovered in 1994 by Jeffrey M. Friedman and colleagues at Rockefeller University. Its discovery is important in the study of obesity which has become a problem in western society. The importance of leptin was discovered through experiments done on mice in a laboratory. Scientists found that mice who had more leptin in their bodies were thinner and didn't need to eat as much. Leptin levels can be increased by reducing stress and having quality or restful sleep.


title: Pollyanna (1960 movie)

paragraphs: Pollyanna (1960) is a Walt Disney Productions movie. It stars child actress Hayley Mills and Jane Wyman. The movie is based on the 1913 children's novel "Pollyanna" by Eleanor Porter. David Swift wrote the screenplay and directed the movie. "Pollyanna" is the first of six movies Mills made for Disney. She won an Academy Juvenile Award for her performance as Pollyanna.

paragraphs: Pollyanna is an orphan. She arrives in the town of Harrington to live with her rich Aunt Polly. The girl is a happy youngster who believes in the goodness of life. She makes many friends. Aunt Polly controls the town because she is the richest citizen. The people of Harrington want an old orphanage rebuilt. Aunt Polly opposes the idea. The people defy Aunt Polly and plan a bazaar to raise funds for a new building. Aunt Polly is furious. She forbids Pollyanna to participate. On the evening of the bazaar however, Pollyanna slips away and has a wonderful time. She returns home. She tries to avoid her Aunt by climbing a tree outside her bedroom window. She falls and injures her legs. Her cheerful spirits sink, making recovery doubtful. The people of Harrington learn of Pollyanna's accident. They visit her and assure her that she is loved. Pollyanna's spirits return to their usual cheerfulness. She leaves for Baltimore with Aunt Polly to have an operation on her legs.


title: Tropaeolum

paragraphs: Tropaeolum is a genus of roughly 80 species of annual and perennial herbaceous flowering plants and the only genus in the family Tropaeolaceae. The genus "Tropaeolum" is native in Central America and South America. The roots of the specie T. polyphyllum from Chile can survive underground when air temperatures drop as low as -15°C (5°F).


title: Yun Hyu

paragraphs: Yun Hyu (Korean:윤휴, 尹鑴, October 14, 1617–May 20, 1680) was a Neo-Confucian scholar, politician, and soldier during the Korean Joseon Dynasty. His other names were Baegho (백호, 白湖) and Haheon (하헌, 夏軒). His Chinese style names were Du'goe (두괴, 斗魁) and Huijung (희중, 希仲). He was a middle-ranking member of the North Man party.


title: The Sleeping Beauty (ballet)

paragraphs: The Sleeping Beauty is a ballet in a prologue and three acts. Marius Petipa and Ivan Vsevolojsky wrote the story of the ballet. It was based on Charles Perrault's 1697 fairy tale "The Sleeping Beauty in the Wood". Tchaikovsky wrote the music. Marius Petipa designed the dances. "The Sleeping Beauty" was first presented at the Mariinsky Theatre in St. Petersburg, Russia, on 15 January 1890. Carlotta Brianza danced the Princess and Pavel Gerdt the Prince, with Marie Petipa as the Lilac Fairy and Enrico Cecchetti as Carabosse. It was first presented in Europe in a shortened version by the Ballets Russes in London on 2 November 1921. Catherine Littlefield designed the first complete "Sleeping Beauty" in the United States, and presented the production on 12 February 1937 at the Academy of Music, Philadelphia, with the Philadelphia Ballet.

paragraphs: About ten years after Tchaikovsky's "Swan Lake" was presented for the first time, Tchaikovsky was asked to write a ballet for the Mariinsky Theatre in St. Petersburg. The ballet would be based on Charles Perrault's fairy tale "The Sleeping Beauty in the Wood". Tchaikovsky was very happy this story had been chosen. It was set in the age of Louis XIV. He would have the chance to write music in the Baroque style.

paragraphs: Petipa gave Tchaikovsky very special directions about tempi, meter, and other musical matters. He even specified the length of particular pieces in exact numbers of bars. He asked for a Waltz in Act 1, a Mazurka in Act 2, and a Polonaise in Act 3. The ballet is tied together (and its drama and suspense heightened) through the repeated use of the two musical themes representing good and evil, personified by the Lilac Fairy and Carabosse respectively. Petipa's specifications stimulated Tchaikovsky's imagination, rather than hindered it as one might expect.

paragraphs: Tchaikovsky's interest in setting the tale reaches back to 1867. It was then that he wrote a little ballet on the story for the children of his sister Alexandra Davydova. He had done the same for "Swan Lake". In November 1888, he had a conference with theater officials and Petipa. A draft of the scenario was drawn up. Petipa provided Tchaikovsky with a detailed analysis of the musical requirements. The composer set to work, and finished the score on 1 September 1889.

paragraphs: A brief overture contrasts the themes of the malicious Carabosse and the benevolent Lilac Fairy. When the curtain rises, the court assembles for Princess Aurora's christening. Six fairies present their gifts. Carabosse, a fairy overlooked by the master of ceremonies, enters. She curses Aurora. The Princess shall die on her 16th birthday, she says, after pricking her finger on the spindle of a spinning wheel. The remaining seventh fairy the Lilac Fairy comes forward. She cannot put the curse to rest, but she can soften it. The Princess shall not die, she commands, but sleep one hundred years. At the end of that term, a Prince will awaken her with true love's kiss.

paragraphs: Sixteen years after the christening of Princess Aurora, the court assembles in the palace gardens to celebrate Aurora's birthday. Villagers dance a waltz. Aurora dances an adagio with four noble suitors. Carabosse enters unnoticed and slips Aurora a spindle. The Princess pricks her finger on the spindle. She falls to the ground, sound asleep. The Princess is carried into the palace by the noble suitors. The Lilac Fairy puts the entire court to sleep, then causes a dense forest of trees and thorns to surround the castle.

paragraphs: "Scene 1." "The Prince's hunt. A woodland glade with a river in the background." The stage is empty. Hunting horns are heard. Prince Desire, his tutor Galifron, and his friends enter. They have paused in the hunt to take refreshments. Several dances are performed by various ladies of the court. The hunt is resumed. The Prince is tired so chooses to remain alone in the forest. Here, he meets the Lilac Fairy who emerges from a boat of mother of pearl on the river. She has chosen him as the prince to awaken princess Aurora, and presents various visions of the princess to him. He quickly falls in love with her from the visions and begs the Lilac Fairy to lead him to her. The Lilac Fairy guides him through the forest until they reach the enchanted castle where Aurora rests.

paragraphs: "Scene 2." "Sleeping Beauty's castle." The Sleeping Beauty lies on a canopied bed. The King and Queen sleep in armchairs nearby. The courtiers and pages sleep standing up and leaning upon one another. Dust and cobwebs cover everything. The Lilac Fairy and the Prince enter. He tries to rouse the Princess and the court, but without success. The Lilac Fairy stands aside without interfering. The Prince kisses the Princess. She awakens. The dust and cobwebs disappear. The court awakens. The King grants the marriage of the Prince and Princess.

paragraphs: "The Wedding of Prince Désiré and Princess Aurora on the esplanade of King Florestan's palace."

paragraphs: The court assembles to celebrate the marriage of Prince Désiré and Princess Aurora. The King and Queen make their entrances with the newlyweds. The festivities begin with a series of "divertissements". The Diamond, Gold, Silver, and Sapphire Fairies dance. Several fairy tale characters dance: Puss in Boots and the White Cat; the Bluebird and Princess Florine; Little Red Riding Hood and the Wolf; Cinderella and Prince Fortuné; and finally Hop o' My Thumb with his brothers and the ogre. The Prince and Princess dance a "pas de deux". Roman, Persian, Indian, American, and Turkish characters dance a Sarabande. The act ends with a "tableau vivant" representing the Glory of the Fairies. This "tableau" was changed to represent the Glory of Apollo.


title: Human settlement

paragraphs: Human Settlement refers to the action of people coming together to live in an area. Settlement is a general term used in archaeology, geography, history and other subjects for a place where people live (either permanently or temporarily). When they come from far away it is sometimes called a colony. The term may include hamlets, suburbs, towns and cities. Nomadic people do not settle.


title: Microtia

paragraphs: Microtia meaning 'small ear' is a deformation of the outer ear. Over 90% of the time, only one ear is affected, but both ears can be affected. More boys are affected than girls. The right ear is more affected than the left. One in 1000 people have microtia. It can affect hearing. There are four grades of microtia:

paragraphs: Grade III is most common, and can be corrected by surgery.


title: Ishikari Province

paragraphs: The boundaries of this ancient province are generally mirrored in what is today called Ishikari Subprefecture.

paragraphs: After 1869, the northern Japanese island was known as Hokkaido. Regional subdivisions were established. Ishikari Province was one of the new entities which were created in 1869.

paragraphs: In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures. The maps of Japan including Ishikari Province were reformed in the 1870s.

paragraphs: In 1882, Ishikari and the other ten provinces of Hokkaido were reorganized as Hakodate Prefecture, Sapporo Prefecture and Nemuro Prefecture.


title: Kitami Province

paragraphs: The boundaries of this ancient province are generally mirrored in what are today called Sōya Subprefecture and Abashiri Subprefecture.

paragraphs: After 1869, the northern Japanese island was known as Hokkaido. Regional subdivisions were established. Kitami Province was one of the new entities which were created in 1869.

paragraphs: In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures. The maps of Japan including Kitami Province were reformed in the 1870s.

paragraphs: In 1882, Kitami and the other ten provinces of Hokkaido were reorganized as Hakodate Prefecture, Sapporo Prefecture and Nemuro Prefecture.


title: Kushiro Province

paragraphs: The boundaries of this ancient province are generally mirrored in what are today called Kushiro Subprefecture and part of Abashiri Subprefecture.

paragraphs: After 1869, the northern Japanese island was known as Hokkaido. Regional subdivisions were established. Kushiro Province was one of the new entities which were created in 1869.

paragraphs: In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures. The maps of Japan including Kushiro Province were reformed in the 1870s.

paragraphs: In 1882, Kushiro and the other ten provinces of Hokkaido were reorganized as Hakodate Prefecture, Sapporo Prefecture and Nemuro Prefecture.


Albert II


title: Nemuro Province

paragraphs: The boundaries of this ancient province are generally mirrored in what is today called Nemuro Subprefecture.

paragraphs: After 1869, the northern Japanese island was known as Hokkaido. Regional subdivisions were established. Nemuro Province was one of the new entities which were created in 1869.

paragraphs: In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures. The maps of Japan including Nemuro Province were reformed in the 1870s.

paragraphs: In 1882, Nemuro and the other ten provinces of Hokkaido were reorganized as Hakodate Prefecture, Sapporo Prefecture and Nemuro Prefecture.