title: Chittagong

paragraphs: Chittagong (officially called Chattogram or Chattagram) is a city in southeast Bangladesh near the Karnaphuli River. The city is the capital of the Chittagong district and division. The city alone has around 5.5 million people. It is one of the quickest growing cities in the world.


title: Gamekeeper

paragraphs: A gamekeeper is a person who manages an area of countryside to make sure there is enough game for shooting, or fish for angling. He actively manages areas of woodland, moorland, waterway or farmland for the benefit of game birds, deer, fish and wildlife in general.

paragraphs: In the UK, a gamekeeper is typically employed by a landowner. He ofen works on a country estate. It is his job to prevent poaching, and to rear and release game birds such as pheasants and partridge. He eradicates pests, encourages and manages grouse, and controls predators such as foxes. He manages habitats to suit game, and monitors the health of the game.


title: Maribyrnong River Viaduct

paragraphs: The Maribyrnong River Viaduct (also known as the Quarter Mile Bridge) is a railway bridge across the Maribyrnong River in the western suburbs of Melbourne, Australia. It is near the E.J. Whitten Bridge, and is almost 400 metres long (hence the quarter mile name). The Albion-Jacana railway line uses the bridge, which is mainly used for freight. It also carries the Melbourne to Sydney CountryLink XPT. It is the second highest bridge in Victoria, only behind the West Gate Bridge (58 metres). At a height of 180 feet (54.86 m) above the water, it is even higher than the Sydney Harbour Bridge (52 metres). The bridge is 1257 feet (383.13 m) long

paragraphs: It was built in 1927–29 by the Victorian Railways Construction Branch, being the largest trestle bridge in Australia when completed in June, 1929. It is listed on the Victorian Heritage Register and employed 200 people during construction, with one fatality.


title: Bridge of Sighs

paragraphs: The Bridge of Sighs (Italian: Ponte dei Sospiri) is a small bridge in Venice, northern Italy. The bridge has walls and a roof. It is made of white limestone and has windows with stone bars. It passes over the Rio di Palazzo and connects the old prisons to the interrogation rooms in the Doge's Palace. It was designed by Antoni Contino (whose uncle Antonio da Ponte had designed the Rialto Bridge), and built in 1602.

paragraphs: The view from the windows of the Bridge of Sighs was the last view of Venice that convicts saw before their imprisonment. The bridge was named by Lord Byron in the 19th century. It was thought that prisoners would sigh at their final view of beautiful Venice through the windows before being taken down to their cells. In reality, the days of inquisitions and summary executions were over by the time the bridge was built and the cells under the palace roof were occupied mostly by small-time criminals. In addition, little could be seen from inside the Bridge due to the stone grills covering the windows.

paragraphs: A local legend says that lovers will be granted everlasting love and bliss if they kiss on a gondola at sunset under the bridge.

paragraphs: The name "Bridge of Sighs" has since been applied by association to other similar covered bridges around the world, including:


title: Jeff Hornacek

paragraphs: Jeffrey John Hornacek (born May 3, 1963 in Elmhurst, Illinois) is a retired American basketball player. Hornacek played a total of 16 seasons in the NBA with the Phoenix Suns, Philadelphia 76ers and the Utah Jazz. He played college basketball at Iowa State. He retired from basketball in 2000 to spend more time with his family. His jersey number 14 was retired by the Utah Jazz.


title: Cyclone Gonu

paragraphs: Super Cyclonic Storm Gonu was an extremely intense and very damaging storm. The cyclone was the most intense recorded tropical cyclone in the Arabian Sea and the strongest named tropical cyclone recorded in the Indian Ocean. Gonu developed on June 1 2007 over the northwest Indian Ocean and then intensified to Category 5 levels. The storm then weakened and then struck eastern Oman on June 6, contributing to that region's worst modern natural disaster and causing around $4.2 billion in damage. The cyclone also struck Iran, causing $216 million in damage. Almost eighty people died from Cyclone Gonu.


title: Sargent and Greenleaf

paragraphs: Sargent and Greenleaf is a lock manufacturer. It is not to be confused with Assa Abloy's Sargent brand. Sargent and Greenleaf is well-known for their safe locks, although they also make other lock products including military-grade padlocks.


title: Marashiyan

paragraphs: Marashiyan or Marashis (in Mazandarani language: مرعشیون) is one of the Arab dynasties in Iran. Marashiyan ruled from 1359 to 1582 in Tabarestan (northern Iran). This is Islamic government. Mirbozorg is founder of the Marashiyans.


title: Jonathan Nolan

paragraphs: Jonathan Nolan is a British-American author and screenwriter. He is the brother of movie director Christopher Nolan. Jonathan Nolan's story "Memento Mori" was made into a critically acclaimed film "Memento". He has also co-written screenplays for "The Prestige" and "The Dark Knight", with his brother. In movie credits, his name has appeared as Jonah.

paragraphs: He was born in London, England, to an English father and American mother. He was raised in the Chicago area. Nolan attended Loyola Academy in Illinois. He graduated from there in 1994, and then graduated from Georgetown University in Washington, D.C., in 1999. In this university, he studied English and was a staff writer for "The Hoya".

paragraphs: His brother, Christopher, speaks with a British English accent, but Jonathan speaks with an American English accent.

paragraphs: Nolan tells about successful work relationship with his brother in the production notes of "The Prestige": "I’ve always suspected that it has something to do with the fact that he’s left-handed and I’m right-handed, because he’s somehow able to look at my ideas and flip them around in a way that’s just a little bit more twisted and interesting. It’s great to be able to work with him like that."

paragraphs: On March 23, 2007, it was announced he would pen "Interstellar", a science fiction film. It is based on the theories of Kip Thorne, a theoretical physicist who is known for his theories in gravitation physics and astrophysics and for having trained a generation of scientists. The film was first reported to be directed by Steven Spielberg and eventually settled with Christopher Nolan as director and is released in 2014.

paragraphs: Nolan is currently working with his brother for "The Dark Knight Rises". It is the third Batman movie.

paragraphs: On February 10, 2011, Nolan's TV pilot "Person of Interest" had been picked up by CBS and plan was to make it in a TV show. The show was officially picked up by CBS on May 13, 2011, and will star Michael Emerson, Jim Caviezel, and Taraji P. Henson. It will be produced by J. J. Abrams. His company Bad Robot Productions will produce it. Nolan will be the executive producer.


title: Afrikaner nationalism

paragraphs: Afrikaner nationalism is a political ideology which was created in the 19th century in South Africa. There is an ethnic group called Afrikaner in South Africa. Afrikaner nationalism is the idea that the Afrikaner are "chosen people". It says that Afrikaners who speak their language should unite to fight off foreign influences that come from English-speaking settlers of South Africa, black people or Jews.

paragraphs: The historian T. Dunbar Moodie describes Afrikaner nationalism as a kind of civil religion that combined the history of the Afrikaners, their language and the Afrikaner Calvinism as key symbols. A major proponent of the ideology was the secret "Broederbond" organization and the National Party that ruled the country from 1948 to 1994. Other organisations aligned with the Afrikaner nationalistic ideology were the Federation of Afrikaans Cultural Organisations ("Federasie van Afrikaanse Kultuurvereniginge ", FAK), the Institute for Christian National Education and the White Workers' Protection Association.


title: Numerical analysis

paragraphs: Numerical analysis studies different algorithms to get approximations for problems of mathematical analysis. Approximations are used for the following reasons:

paragraphs: One of the earliest known uses of numerical analysis is a Babylonian clay tablet, which approximates the square root of 2. In a unit square, the diagonal has this length. Being able to compute the sides of a triangle is extremely important, for instance, in carpentry and construction.

paragraphs: Numerical analysis continues this long tradition of practical mathematical calculations. Much like the Babylonian approximation of formula_1, modern numerical analysis does not seek exact answers, because exact answers are often impossible to obtain in practice. Instead, much of numerical analysis is concerned with obtaining approximate solutions while maintaining reasonable bounds on errors.

paragraphs: Numerical analysis naturally finds applications in all fields of engineering and the physical sciences, but in the 21st century, the life sciences and even the arts have adopted elements of scientific computations. Ordinary differential equations appear in star movement; optimization occurs in portfolio management; numerical linear algebra is important for data analysis; stochastic differential equations and Markov chains are essential in simulating living cells for medicine and biology.

paragraphs: Computers greatly helped this task. Before there were computers, numerical methods often depended on hand interpolation in large printed tables. Since the mid 20th century, computers calculate the required functions instead. These same interpolation formulas nevertheless continue to be used as part of the software algorithms for solving differential equations.

paragraphs: In order to support numerical analysts, many kinds of numerical software has been created:


title: Barbara Windsor

paragraphs: Dame Barbara Windsor (born Barbara Ann Deeks, born 6 August 1937) is a British actress. She was born in Shoreditch, London. She is best known for her roles in the Carry On movies and for playing Peggy Mitchell from 1994–2010 in soap opera "EastEnders".

paragraphs: She was made a Dame in the 2016 New Year Honours.

paragraphs: On 10 May 2018, it was announced that Windsor was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease in April 2014.


title: Boyzone

paragraphs: Boyzone are an Irish boy band. The group is a quartet, its members are Keith Duffy (born 1974), Mikey Graham (born 1972), Ronan Keating (born 1977) and Shane Lynch (born 1976). Stephen Gately (1976-2009) was also a member until his death. The band were formed in Dublin by Louis Walsh in 1993. They split in 2000 and reformed in 2007.


title: Dorothy Gish

paragraphs: Dorothy Elizabeth Gish (March 11, 1898 – June 4, 1968) was an American actress. She was born in Dayton, Ohio. She was very young when her father abandoned the family. Dorothy, her older sister Lillian, and their mother entered the theatrical profession to support themselves.

paragraphs: In 1912, actress Mary Pickford introduced them to director D. W. Griffith. The sisters began acting at Biograph Studios. Dorothy and Lillian Gish both debuted in Griffith's "An Unseen Enemy". Dorothy would star in over 100 short movies and feature movies.

paragraphs: Dorothy married actor James Rennie in 1920. They divorced in 1935. Dorothy never remarried. She died in 1968 from bronchial pneumonia in Rapallo, Liguria, Italy. She was laid to rest in Saint Bartholomew's Episcopal Church in New York City.

paragraphs: Her sister Lillian was later laid to rest beside her. Dorothy Gish was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6385 Hollywood Blvd., Hollywood, California. Dorothy and Lillian both appeared in D. W. Griffith's "Orphans of the Storm" in 1921.


title: Nihonbashi

paragraphs: , also romanized as Nihombashi, is a business district of Chūō in Tokyo, Japan. The district grew up around the bridge of the same name. The bridge connects two sides of the Nihonbashi River. A series of bridges at the same site have had the same name since the 17th century.

paragraphs: Traditionally, all distances in Japan are measured from the centerpoint of the Nihonbashi Bridge. This custom began in the Edo period.

paragraphs: In the Edo period, the Nihonbashi Bridge was the start of Tōkaidō road which connected Edo and Kyoto. The earliest Nihonbashi Bridge was made of wood. It was completed in 1603. The current bridge is made of stone. It was completed in 1911.

paragraphs: In 2009, Nihonbashi was recognized as one of the 100 Landscapes of Japan which best show contemporary Japan and its culture in the Heisei period.


title: Sanjō Ōhashi Bridge

paragraphs: In the Edo period, the Sanjō Ōhashi Bridge Bridge was the end of Tōkaidō road which connected Edo and Kyoto.

paragraphs: The current concrete bridge is made of concrete. It was built in 1950.


title: Interpolation

paragraphs: In many domains of science, measurements are done. If these measurements are drawn in a graph, they will be shown as simple unconnected points. Such data are called data points, or discrete. Handling and analysis of the data is easier, if it can be described using a continuous function, or a line connecting the discrete data point together. In order to do this, the line between two measurements, or data points, need to be created. This process of connecting the data points together with a line called interpolation. There are different ways to invent the data, each method has its benefits and drawbacks. The simplest method is drawing a straight line between two data points, which is not very accurate. Very often, polynomials are used to create a more accurate representation. Even if some of the data is wrong, in many cases, the results of this interpolation are usable, either as a replacement for missing data points, or as a tool to help understand more complicated data.

paragraphs: Interpolation tries to find the values between two known points of data. It is not to be confused with extrapolation, which is a similar process that tries to find data points at the edge or outside the currently defined points.

paragraphs: The primary use of interpolation is to help users, be they scientists, photographers, engineers or mathematicians, determine what data might exist outside of their collected data. Outside the domain of mathematics, interpolation is frequently used to scale images and to convert the sampling rate of digital signals.

paragraphs: In the domain of science, a scientist may need to use a computer to calculate a complicated function. However, if that function takes a very long time to compute, it may make her experiments difficult or impossible to run properly. So, she might use interpolation to create a slightly less complicated version of her function, which takes less computational time and energy to run. This interpolated function should achieve the same results as the more complex function, but will make some errors, or lose some detail as compared to the original function. However, the reduced time and cost of running the interpolated function may make this trade-off worthwhile.

paragraphs: When an image is made larger, the existing pixels cannot simply be stretched, as you might stretch a rubber band. Instead, new pixels must be created. In order to "guess" what these pixels should look like, the software that enlarges the image uses interpolation. The software first spreads out the existing pixels into the new image size, leaving many gaps and spaces. Then, it examines the existing data (the original pixels) and then creates a function that describes the missing data (the new pixels) to create a new data set (the enlarged image). Sometimes, the program does a poor job, and the resulting image is blurry or wrong in places. These are called interpolation errors - the software did not correctly guess what the data should be. But, overall, the image will look similar. This is an example of the risks and benefits of interpolation - the user can see new data, but that data may not be perfect.

paragraphs: More about interpolation in graphics and photography: http://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/image-interpolation.htm


title: Gay icon

paragraphs: A gay icon is a prominent person (either living or dead) who is liked by the gay community. Gay icons are often glamourous and even flamboyant. They show strength through adversity. They often show a blend of masculine and feminine traits. Sometimes they show no gender traits at all. Gay icons can be male or female. They can be gay, straight, bisexual, or asexual. If they are gay, they can be openly gay or not. Sometimes living gay icons support LGBT causes, sometimes they do not. Some gay icons from history are tragic figures like Saint Sebastian, Oscar Wilde, or Judy Garland. Some more modern gay icons are entertainers like Ellen DeGeneres, Beyoncé, Lady Gaga,Cher, Barbra Streisand, Liza Minnelli, and Freddie Mercury.


title: Afternoon of a Faun (Nijinsky)

paragraphs: The Afternoon of a Faun () is a modern ballet. It was choreographed by Nijinsky to a short symphonic work by Claude Debussy called "Prélude à l'après-midi d'un faune". Both the music and the ballet were inspired by the poem "L'après-midi d'un faune" by Stéphane Mallarmé. It was Nijinsky's first choreographed work. The ballet was first performed by Diaghilev's Ballets Russes in Paris at the Théâtre du Châtelet on 29 May 1912. The costumes and sets were designed by Léon Bakst. Nijinsky danced the role of the faun.

paragraphs: Grace Robert writes in "The Borzoi Book of Ballet" that Bakst was responsible for the choreography. Nijinsky simply carried out his directions. However, Nijinsky's sister alleged that Bakst and Diaghilev were not involved with the choreography and were admitted to rehearsals only in the last stages. The truth will never be known; those involved are dead. The choreography however caused a scandal, especially the ending. Here, the Faun appears to climax upon a Nymph's scarf. Gaston Calmette, the editor of "Le Figaro", attacked the choreography on moral grounds. Sculptor Auguste Rodin defended it. The furor assured the public's interest in the ballet, then and now.

paragraphs: The first American performance occurred in New York City on January 17, 1916. The Catholic Theatre Movement decided the ending should be modified. The ending was duly altered. Diaghilev told the head of the Metropolitan Opera House, "America is saved." Thereafter, the ballet saw a variety of manifestations until 1936 when a close facsimile of the original was presented at the Metropolitan by Colonel W. de Basil's Ballets Russes. Grace Robert believes the original ballet was produced as an aesthetic antidote to Isadore Duncan's copycats and their Greek dances.

paragraphs: Lincoln Kirstein describes the story: "A faun lolls on a hillock ... Seven nymphs in chain step shuffle past him ... Curious, the Faun descends to watch. Curious, then alarmed, they flee, to return shyly. The Faun tries to play with them, but they are frightened by this half-boy, half-beast. The least shy ... returns; they link arms. Contact frightens her; she escapes, dropping her scarf ... she is eager to stay, but the creature seems too theatening. Leaping onto his rock, he carries her scarf ... Arching his body, he thrusts his length into it."


title: Kintai Bridge

paragraphs: The Kintai Bridge was built in 1673. It has five wooden arches at the base of Mount Yokoyama.

paragraphs: The bridge was eclared a National Treasure in 1922.

paragraphs: Kikkou Park, which includes the bridge and Iwakuni Castle, is a popular tourist destinations.

paragraphs: In 2009, the Kintai Bridge was recognized as one of the 100 Landscapes of Japan which best show contemporary Japan and its culture in the Heisei period.


title: Civil religion

paragraphs: According to Jean-Jacques Rousseau, civil religion is the foundation that keeps modern society together. It provides the state with sacred authority. In his book The Social Contract Rousseau states the dogmas of civil religion:


title: Victoria Falls Bridge

paragraphs: The Victoria Falls Bridge crosses the Zambezi River just below the Victoria Falls and is built over the Second Gorge of the falls. The river is the border between Zimbabwe and Zambia. The bridge has border posts on both ends, at the towns of Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe and Livingstone, Zambia.

paragraphs: The bridge was the idea of Cecil Rhodes. It was part of his grand plan to build a railway from Cape Town to Cairo. He never visited the falls and died before the building of the bridge began. Rhodes told the engineers to "build the bridge across the Zambezi where the trains, as they pass, will catch the spray of the Falls". It was designed by George Anthony Hobson, of consultants Sir Douglas Fox and Partners, not as is often stated, Sir Ralph Freeman, the same engineer who designed the Sydney Harbour Bridge. Freeman, who also worked for Sir Douglas Fox and Partners, did the calculation of stresses for the bridge.

paragraphs: The bridge was built in England by the Cleveland Bridge & Engineering Company. It was then shipped to the Mozambique port of Beira and transported on the newly built railway to the Victoria Falls. It took just 14 months to put together and was completed in 1905.

paragraphs: The bridge was officially opened by Professor George Darwin, son of Charles Darwin, and President of the British Association (now the Royal Society) on 12 September 1905. The American Society of Civil Engineers lists the bridge as a Historic Civil Engineering Landmark.

paragraphs: Made from steel, the bridge is long, with a main arch spanning . It is above the lower water level of the river in the gorge below. It carries a road, railway and footway. The bridge is the only rail link between Zambia and Zimbabwe, and one of only three road links between the two countries. The other road links are at Chirundu Bridge and Kariba Dam.

paragraphs: The Victoria Falls Bridge did not bring the first train or the first railway to Zambia. In order build the railway north as fast as possible, Cecil Rhodes wanted the Livingstone to Kalomo line built before the bridge was finished. A locomotive was carried in pieces across the gorge by the temporary electronic cableway used to carry the bridge materials. The cableway was called the 'Blondin' by the bridge engineers. The locomotive was put back together and started work months before the bridge was complete.

paragraphs: For more than 50 years the bridge was used by passenger trains as part of the main route between the then Northern Rhodesia, southern Africa and Europe. Freight trains carried mainly copper ore (later, copper ingots) and timber out of Zambia, and coal into the country.

paragraphs: The age of the bridge and maintenance problems have led to traffic restrictions at times. Trains cross at less than walking pace and trucks were limited to loads of 30 tons. Bigger trucks have to take the longer road using the Kazungula Ferry or Chirundu Bridge. The limit was raised after repairs in 2006. The bridge needs to be extensively rebuilt or replaced.

paragraphs: During the Rhodesian UDI crisis and Bush War the bridge was often closed (and regular passenger services have not been successful). In 1975, the bridge was the site of unsuccessful peace talks when the parties met in a train carriage above the gorge for nine and a half hours. In 1980 freight and road services restarted and have continued without interruption except for maintenance.

paragraphs: Today one of the Victoria Falls Bridge's main attraction are historical guided tours about the construction of the bridge and which include a walking tour under the main deck. On the Zambian side there is a small museum about the bridge which is free to enter and contains cafe selling refreshments.

paragraphs: Also located on the bridge is the Shearwater bungee jump including a bungee swing and zip-line. Concerns about safety of the attraction were raised in late 2011 after the bungee's cord snapped and a young Australian woman fell into the fast flowing river with many crocodiles.

paragraphs: The bridge was originally called the Great Zambesi or Zambezi bridge, later becoming known as the Victoria Falls Bridge.

paragraphs: The Location of the bridge and surrounding area by Openstreetmap


title: The Mysteries of Alfred Hedgehog

paragraphs: The Mysteries of Alfred Hedgehog is a TV show made in France and Canada. The main characters are talking animals from the woods, hence Gnarly Woods. The show follows three characters-Alfred Hedgehog, Camille Wallaby, and Milo Skunk as they solve mysteries.


title: Ragheb Harb

paragraphs: Ragheb Harb (1952-1984) was one of the Shia resistance leaders in Lebanon against Israel's occupation in Southern Lebanon. He was assassinated by Israelis on 16 February 1984.

paragraphs: He was one of the founders of Hezbollah.


title: Chillin

paragraphs: "Chillin'" is the debut single from Wale. It features guest vocals from Lady Gaga. It reached No.12 in the UK Singles Chart.


title: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

paragraphs: Federal University of Minas Gerais ("Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais", short UFMG) is a public university of the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. Established in 1927, it is the largest university in Minas Gerais as well as one the country's most prestigious universities.


paragraphs: Federal Center of Technological Education of Minas Gerais ("Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais", short Cefet-MG) is a public university of the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. Established in 1909, it is the second largest university in Minas Gerais as well as one the country's most prestigious universities.


paragraphs: State University of Feira de Santana ("Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana", short UEFS) is a public university of the Brazilian state of Bahia. Established in 1976, it is the second largest university in Bahia as well as one the most prestigious universities in this state.


title: Universidade Federal da Bahia

paragraphs: Federal University of Bahia ("Universidade Federal da Bahia", short UFBA) is a public university of the Brazilian state of Bahia. Established in 1946, it is the largest university in Bahia as well as one the country's most prestigious universities.


title: Théâtre du Châtelet

paragraphs: The Théâtre du Châtelet () is a theatre and opera house in Paris seating 2,500 people. It was designed by Gabriel Davioud. It was built between 1860 and 1862. It was named the "Théâtre Impérial du Châtelet". It was built on a site where a châtelet (small castle) once stood. The theatre has undergone remodeling and name changes over the years. The theatre sits on the Place du Châtelet facing the Théâtre de la Ville. At the centre of the plaza is a fountain is a sphinx fountain, erected in 1808, which celebrates Napoleon's victory in Egypt.

paragraphs: The Théâtre du Châtelet was originally used for drama performances. In April 1876, the stage version of "Around the World in Eighty Days" began a run spanning sixty-four years and 2195 performances. The theatre was used for operettas, variety and ballet performances, and for concerts. It was also, for a time, a movie theatre. "Petrouchka" premiered in the theatre on 13 June 1911, and "Parade" on 18 May 1917. Tchaikovsky, Mahler, and Richard Strauss made appearances here.

paragraphs: The theatre has been operated by the City of Paris since 1979. It has undergone a major restoration. It re-opened under the name of the "Théâtre Musical de Paris" in 1980. It was acoustically re-modeled again in 1989. It returned to the "Théâtre du Châtelet" name. In 1995, the theatre received additional improvements in acoustics and sightlines. Today, the theatre is mainly used for opera performances and concerts.


title: Bailey bridge

paragraphs: The Bailey bridge is a factory made truss bridge. It was made in small sections that could be easily moved and put together on site. It was developed by the British during World War II for military use.

paragraphs: A Bailey bridge did not need special tools or heavy equipment to put into place. The wood and steel bridge parts were small and light enough to be carried in trucks and lifted into place by hand. The bridges were strong enough to carry tanks. Bailey bridges continue to be used in building projects and to provide temporary crossings for people and vehicles.

paragraphs: It was designed by a British engineer, Donald Bailey. The British army tested different bridge designs in 1941–1942, including a suspension bridge and a stepped arch bridge. The flat truss bridge was the most successful. An early test model of the Bailey flat truss bridge is still in place over Mother Siller's Channel in Dorset. The Bailey bridge was first used by the army in Tobruk in 1942. The US Army built many of the bridges for use after the D-Day landings in France.

paragraphs: The basic Bailey bridge is made up of three main parts, the "floor", the "stringers" and the side "panels". The floor of the bridge is made up of a number of that run across the bridge. Across the bottom of these, forming a square, are . The bridge's strength is provided by the panels on the sides. The panels are , , cross-braced rectangles. Each weighs , and can be lifted by six men.

paragraphs: The transoms rest on the lower part of the panels, and are held together by clamps. The stringers are placed on top of the completed structural frame, and large pieces of wood are placed on top of the stringers to provide a roadbed. Ribands bolt the planking to the stringers. Later in the war, the wood was covered by steel plates, to protect it from the damage caused by tank tracks.

paragraphs: Each unit built in this way is a single section of bridge, with a roadbed. After one section is complete it is pushed forward over rollers on the bridgehead, and another section built behind it. The two are then connected together with pins pounded into holes in the corners of the panels.

paragraphs: Bailey bridges are in regular use throughout the world. Some examples include:

paragraphs: The Skylark launch tower at Woomera was built up of Bailey bridge parts.


title: Serial Mom

paragraphs: Serial Mom is a 1994 dark comedy that stars Kathleen Turner as the "serial mom", Sam Waterston as husband Eugene, Matthew Lillard as Chip and Ricki Lake as Misty. It was released April 13, 1994. The "serial mom", named Beverly, is a typical housewife from Baltimore raising her kids, although she tends to kill on just the mildest criticism or the slightest insult. She also performs obscene telephone calls. "Serial Mom" got mixed reviews, though it has become a cult classic over the years. "Serial Mom" was directed by John Waters.


title: Oresund Bridge

paragraphs: The Øresund Bridge (, , joint hybrid name: "Øresundsbron") is a bridge and tunnel across the Øresund strait. It connects Denmark and Sweden.

paragraphs: The construction of the Øresund Bridge began in 1995. When it was finished in 1999, Crown Prince Frederik of Denmark and Crown Princess Victoria of Sweden met in the middle.

paragraphs: The official opening was on 1 July 2000. Queen Margrethe II and King Carl XVI Gustaf led the ceremonies together.


title: John Waters

paragraphs: John Waters (born April 22, 1946 in Baltimore, Maryland) is an American writer, stand up comedian and movie maker. He first became famous during the 1970s. He is the director of many movies. These include "Hairspray", "Serial Mom", "Sixteen Candles" and "Pretty in Pink". Waters has written books. In 1986 "Crackpot: The Obsessions of John Waters" was published. Waters has acted in several movies. He did the voice of a gay man called "John" in an episode of "The Simpsons" called "Homer's Phobia".


title: Morell Bridge

paragraphs: The Morell Bridge is a bridge over the Yarra River in South Yarra, Melbourne, Australia. It was built in 1899 by John Monash and J. T. N. Anderson. It was the first bridge in Victoria to be built using reinforced concrete.

paragraphs: It has decorations on the three arch spans, including large dragons, and Victorian era lighting. The drains on the bridge are cobbled bluestone, with a single vehicle lane in the middle. The bridge is listed on the Victorian Heritage Register. It was built on dry land, and the course of the Yarra River was later changed to flow under the bridge.

paragraphs: It was first called the Anderson Street bridge, but it was named the Morell Bridge in 1936 after Sir Stephen Morell

paragraphs: who was Lord Mayor of Melbourne between 1926 and 1928.

paragraphs: On June 7, 1998 the bridge was closed to motor vehicles as part of the CityLink project. It is now used by cyclists and people, joining the Royal Botanic Gardens to the Olympic Park areas.


title: Verrazano-Narrows Bridge

paragraphs: The Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge is in New York City. The suspension bridge connects the boroughs of Staten Island and Brooklyn.

paragraphs: The bridge is named for the Italian explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano. His ship was the first to enter New York Harbor.

paragraphs: When construction was finished, the Verrazzano-Narrows was the longest suspension bridge in the world until the Humber Bridge surpassed that length in 1981.


title: Great Belt Fixed Link

paragraphs: The Great Belt Bridge (), also called the Great Belt Fixed Link, is the bridge and tunnel across the strait between the main Danish islands of Zealand ("Sjælland") and Funen ("Fyn").

paragraphs: This waters between the two Danish islands is called the Great Belt ().


title: Bleeding

paragraphs: Bleeding, technically known as haemorrhaging (Brit.) or hemorrhaging (US) is the loss of blood or blood escape from the circulatory system.

paragraphs: Bleeding can occur internally, where blood leaks from blood vessels inside the body, or externally, either through a natural opening such as the vagina, mouth, nose, ear or anus, or through a break in the skin.

paragraphs: Desanguination is a major blood loss. Exsanguination is losing enough blood to cause death. A person does not have to lose all of their blood to die. People can die from losing half to two-thirds of their blood.

paragraphs: Typically, a healthy person can endure a loss of 10–15% of the total blood volume without serious medical difficulties, and blood donation typically takes 8–10% of the donor's blood volume.


Toshiya Fujita


title: Rumpelstiltskin

paragraphs: "Rumpelstiltskin" () is a fairy tale. It was first published by the Brothers Grimm in their "Children's and Household Tales" of 1812. There are many similar tales such as "Tom-Tit-Tot". Maria Tatar points out that the Rumpelstiltskin plot hinges on greed and deception, and has little moral value for children.

paragraphs: A poor miller tells the king that his daughter can spin straw into gold. The king locks her in a castle room to test her. She cries because the task is impossible. A little man appears. He spins the straw into gold. He takes a trinket in payment. The king is delighted. He does not know the girl has had supernatural help. He tests the girl again the next night. Once more, the little man does the task and receives a trinket. On the third night, the girl promises to give the little man her first-born child in payment for again spinning the straw into gold. The king marries the girl. She gives birth to a child. The little man comes to claim the child. He gives the queen the chance to keep her baby if she can guess his name. A courtier spies on the little man and learns his name is Rumpelstiltskin. The queen confronts the little man with his name. He rages and tears himself in two.


title: Edward Thorndike

paragraphs: Edward Lee "Ted" Thorndike (August 31, 1874 – August 9, 1949) was an American psychologist. He spent most of entire career at Teachers College, Columbia University. He worked on ethology and the learning process. This led to the theory of connectionism, and helped lay the scientific foundation for modern educational psychology.

paragraphs: Thorndike also worked on industrial problems, such as employee exams and testing. He was a member of the board of the Psychological Corporation, and served as president of the American Psychological Association in 1912.

paragraphs: The law of effect basically states that “responses that produce a satisfying effect in a particular situation become more likely to occur again in that situation, and responses that produce a discomforting effect become less likely to occur again in that situation”.

paragraphs: Thorndike's textbooks were widely used in psychology courses for teacher training in the first part of the twentieth century.


title: Nasty Party

paragraphs: The term Nasty Party was first used by Theresa May where in October 2002 she described the Conservative Party of the United Kingdom as "There's a lot we need to do in this party of ours. Our base is too narrow and so, occasionally, are our sympathies. You know what some people call us -- the Nasty Party."

paragraphs: The term "Nasty Party" applied to Conservative Party members with traditional conservative stances which included being anti-gay, anti-minorities, and pro-business, and lacking concern for the poor.

paragraphs: Many conservatives felt this one the reasons the Conservative Party lost the last three general elections and needed to broaden their traditional base to have a chance of reelection.


title: Argentan

paragraphs: Argentan is a French city in the Orne department, in Lower Normandy. 17 327 people live there. The size is . The river Orne flows through Argentan. The forests of Gouffern and Ecouves are nearby.

paragraphs: Argentan was built at the beginning of the 12th century by Henry II. Henry was a Normandy duke and also the king of England.

paragraphs: There are three churches: Saint Martin, Saint Germain and Saint Michel.


title: Special wards of Tokyo

paragraphs: In 1889, 15 wards were established in the city of Tokyo. The number of wards grew to 35 in 1932. The number of wards became 23 in 1947.

paragraphs: The traditional districts of Tokyo evolved as the city grew during the Edo period. There are many districts in Tokyo's special wards.


title: Guru Har Krishan

paragraphs: Guru Har Krishan ( ; 23 July 1656 – 30 March 1664) was the eighth of the ten gurus of Sikhism. He became Guru on 7 October 1661, on the death of his father, Guru Har Rai. Due to the smallpox epidemic that was happening at that time, Guru Har Krishan died at the young age of 7. His grand-uncle, Guru Tegh Bahadur, became the next Guru of the Sikhs.


title: Adachi, Tokyo

paragraphs: The municipality calls itself "Adachi City" in English.

paragraphs: Adachi is in northern Tokyo. It borders Arakawa on the south. Kita is on the ward's western border. Saitama Prefecture is on the norther border.


title: Academy Award for Best Actress

paragraphs: The Academy Award for Best Actress is awarded for best performance by an actress in a leading role in a movie. The award is presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Meryl Streep for her role in "The Iron Lady".

paragraphs: Winners are listed first in colored row, followed by the other nominees.


title: Tallit

paragraphs: A tallit is a prayer shawl worn by Jewish men from the age of thirteen. Jewish men are often buried in their tallit.


title: Paul-Louis Arslanian

paragraphs: Paul-Louis Arslanian is the former head of the French "Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses pour la Sécurité de l'Aviation Civile" (1995-2009). Mr Arslanian is Officier of the Légion d'honneur, graduates from "École Polytechnique" (promotion 1965) and "École nationale de l'aviation civile" (promotion 1970).

paragraphs: Paul-Louis Arslanian starts his career as civil aviation engineer at the French Directorate General for Civil Aviation and then at the "Inspection générale de l'aviation civile et de la météorologie (IGACEM)". He became head of the "Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses pour la Sécurité de l'Aviation Civile" in 1995. He is replaced by Jean-Paul Troadec in 2009.


title: Gérard Mestrallet

paragraphs: Gérard Mestrallet (born 1 April 1949 in Paris) is the current CEO of GDF Suez.

paragraphs: He graduated from the Institut d'études politiques de Toulouse, the École Polytechnique of Paris, the École nationale de l'aviation civile of Toulouse and the École nationale d’administration.


title: Easington Community Science College

paragraphs: Easington Community Science College is a multi-gender comprehensive school for ages 11–16. It is in the village of Easington, in County Durham, north east England. It specialises in science but also teaches English, maths, modern foreign languages, information communication technology, drama, physical education, history, geography, religious education, design and technology, statistics, media, art and music. It has about 70 classrooms.

paragraphs: Many former students of this school have become famous, like Matt Baker and Adam Johnson. The school has a very good history for P.E. Lots of their former students are now football players. In 2011 the students were moved into the new school which is a lot more modern. The school also has a specialised music corridor for students to practise their instruments this leads straight into the hall.

paragraphs: These were all named after victims of the 1951 Easington Colliery pit disaster. The school colours are red and black.


title: Pas de Quatre

paragraphs: Pas de Quatre is a romantic ballet with music by Cesare Pugni and choreography by Jules Perrot. It premiered at Her Majesty's Theatre in London on 12 July 1845. The critics raved. The ballet was created for the four great ballerinas of the age: Marie Taglioni, Carlotta Grisi, Fanny Cerrito, and Lucile Grahn. The ballet was given four performances. Queen Victoria and Prince Albert attended the third performance.

paragraphs: It was thought that the four great ballerinas would never consent to appear on stage together. They were very jealous and extremely competitive. It was only through the tactful persistence of Benjamn Lumley, the manager of the theatre that the ballet was realized. Fanny Essler was one of the great ballerinas of the age, but not invited to participate because she was Taglioni's greatest rival. She had threatened to dance Taglioni's signature piece "La Sylphide".


title: Victorian Heritage Register

paragraphs: The Victorian Heritage Register is a list of places of cultural heritage important to the State of Victoria, Australia. It has legal powers under the Heritage Act 1995. Heritage Victoria is the government department which is responsible for the register. It protects a wide range of cultural heritage places and objects, including:

paragraphs: Heritage Victoria is part of the Department of Planning and Community Development, a department of the Government of Victoria, Australia. Heritage Victoria reports to the Heritage Council who decide which places and items should be on the register. The Minister for Planning is the responsible Minister for Heritage Victoria and the Heritage Act 1995.

paragraphs: It lists important buildings and other places in Victoria. It gives legal protection to stop listed sites being destroyed or changed. Removing an item from the list can only be done by a government minister.

paragraphs: All places and objects listed on the register are entitled to a blue sign.


title: Don Ho

paragraphs: Donald Tai Loy "Don" Ho (; August 13, 1930 – April 14, 2007) was a Hawaiian musician, singer and actor.

paragraphs: Ho is of Chinese, Hawaiian, Portuguese, Dutch, and German descent. He was born in the small Honolulu neighborhood of Kakaako. Ho grew up in Kāneohe on island of Oahu. He was a graduate of the Kamehameha Schools in 1949. He attended Springfield College on a football scholarship in 1950. Ho left Springfield and returned home to earn a bachelor's degree in sociology at University of Hawai'i in 1953. In 1954, Ho entered the United States Air Force. He did his basic training at Keesler AFB, Mississippi. Ho spent time flying fighter jets in both Texas and Hawaii. When he was sent to Hamilton AFB, California, he went to the local town of Concord and bought an electronic keyboard from a music store. He was known to say, "That's when it all started."

paragraphs: Don married the girl he was in love with in high school, Melvamay Kolokea Wong, on November 21, 1951. She was the mother to the first six of his children. Ho was married for 48 years until she died on June 8, 1999. While in the military, Ho lived in many states with his family until he was called home to help his mother Honey Ho, with the family bar business called Honey's.

paragraphs: Ho left the United States Air Force in 1959 due to his mother's illness. He began singing at his mother's club in Kaneohe. Honey's became a main location for the local entertainment. Many of their customers were from the Kaneohe Marine Base.. Ho always honored the military. He remembered his own years of military service. In 1963, he moved the club in Kāneohe to Waikīkī. After much success, Kimo Wilder McVay wanted Don to play at a night club called "Duke's". It was owned by Duke Kahanamoku. This was where he was noticed by record company officials.

paragraphs: Ho was first signed to Reprise Records. He released his first album, "Don Ho Show", in 1965. Ho began to play places in Las Vegas, Lake Tahoe, and New York City. In 1966, he released his second album. It was a live album called "Don Ho — Again!". This album charted in the early part of that year. In the fall of 1966, Ho released his most famous song, "Tiny Bubbles". The song charted on both the pop (#8 Billboard) and easy listening charts. The "Tiny Bubbles" LP was in the album Top 20 for almost a year.

paragraphs: Ho had many guest appearances on television series. These included "I Dream of Jeannie", "The Brady Bunch", "Sanford and Son", "Batman", "Charlie's Angels", and "Fantasy Island". Although his album sales peaked in the late 1960s, he was able to get a television series on ABC from October 1976 to March 1977. It was called the "Don Ho Show". It was a variety program and was broadcast on weekday mornings.

paragraphs: Ho had ten children. His children often worked with him either. They either performed with him or were a part of the business part of his performances. He loved to work with his children. He taught them the entertainment business. His daughter, Hoku, performed with her father in his Waikīkī show. In 2000, she went on to become a well known singer. In 2005, he sang a song that was used as the opening theme to the direct-to-video and DVD movie "Aloha, Scooby-Doo!".

paragraphs: In 1995 at the age of 65, Ho's health began to get bad. He had a small stroke. By 2002, he had a heart condition that could not be fixed. He was always hopeful no matter how bad his health was. He always felt there was a way to fix things. He also kept singing ever night.

paragraphs: Ho was diagnosed with cardiomyopathy in 2005. He had a pacemaker implanted. He talked with a biotechnology company that dealt with treating heart conditions with adult stem cells. This company was working with Dr. Shoa, cardiac surgeon and one of the first people to work with adult stem cells for heart disease. On December 6, 2005, Ho had his own stem cells put into his heart by Amit Patel and his other doctors in Thailand. The treatment went without problems. Later in the month, Ho said, "I'm feeling much better and I'm so happy I came up here to do it."

paragraphs: Around September 12, 2006, Ho married Haumea Hebenstreit. She worked on his show in Waikīkī. A few days later Ho went into cardiac arrest. He had had a new pacemaker installed on September 16, 2006, but still died in Waikīkī from heart failure on April 14, 2007.


title: Anaïs Mitchell

paragraphs: Anaïs Mitchell (; born March 26, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter and guitarist.

paragraphs: Anaïs Mitchell is the daughter of a novelist and a college professor. She started writing and performing songs at the age of seventeen. As a child, she grew up on a farm in Addison County, Vermont. She also traveled to the Middle East, Europe and Latin America. She later studied at Middlebury College.

paragraphs: In 2002, Mitchell recorded her first album "The Song They Sang When Rome Fell".

paragraphs: In 2003 Mitchell won the "New Folk" award at the Kerrville Folk Festival.

paragraphs: Her album, "Hymns for the Exiled", was released on Chicago's Waterbug Records label in 2004. This recording caused her to be noticed by singer/songwriter, Ani DiFranco. DiFranco signed Mitchell to the Righteous Babe Records label.

paragraphs: In 2008 Mitchell was nominated in the "Contemporary Artist" category of the third annual Folk Alliance awards show broadcast. In September that same year Righteous Babe Records released "country e.p."

paragraphs: Mitchell released an album called "Young Man in America," on her Wilderland Records label in 2012.

paragraphs: Mitchell has gotten good reviews on her musical style and performance. An article in "Acoustic Guitar" magazine compares her to Dylan, Cohen, and Welch.

paragraphs: A review in "No Depression" magazine said that Mitchell is "girlishly sprite and brimming with innocence" and says that she "brings to mind the hippie-throwback charm of Victoria Williams and "80s pop star Cyndi Lauper".


title: Shrikant Jichkar

paragraphs: Shrikant Jichkar (September 14, 1954 – June 2, 2004) was an Indian politician and a member of the Indian Congress Party.

paragraphs: Jichkar was born into a Marathi-Kunbi family of rich farmers in Aajangaon near Katol in Nagpur district, Maharashtra, India. He died after a car accident at Dhamana Shivar, about 40 km from Nagpur.

paragraphs: He began his political career as a student and youth leader. In 1977, Jichkar was elected President of the Nagpur University Student's Council. In 1980 at age 25, he was elected to Maharashtra Legislative Assembly and from 1986 to 1992 he was a member of the Maharashtra Legislative Council. He became a minister in the government with a number of different portfolios. After 12 years in the Maharashtra legislature, he was elected to the Indian Parliament in 1992 where he served as an MP until 1998. In 1999 he was defeated by 3000 votes in an electorate of 1.4 million voters.


title: Color of Night

paragraphs: Color of Night is a 1994 American erotic mystery thriller movie. It was released on August 19, 1994. It is directed by Richard Rush. It stars Bruce Willis, Jane March and Scott Bakula. "Color of Night" gained notoriety for sex scenes between Willis and March, which were somewhat graphic and explicit by mainstream standards. The character Rose (played by March) is a bisexual woman. The scenes led the MPAA to give "Color of Night" an NC-17 rating; certain scenes were then removed before release. "Color of Night" is rated R for sexual content, graphic violence and very strong language. "Maxim" magazine has singled out the movie as having the best sex scene in movie history.


title: Muriel's Wedding

paragraphs: Muriel's Wedding is a 1994 Australian comedy-drama movie. It was directed by P. J. Hogan and stars Toni Collette as Muriel Heslop. She is a socially inept, plain, dowdy, overweight young woman who has low self-esteem and is obsessed with ABBA music. Bill Hunter plays her uncaring father Bill and Rachel Griffiths plays her friend Rhonda. "Muriel's Wedding" was released 29 September 1994 (during 1995 in the United States). It is set in New South Wales and was shot there and in Queensland.


title: Pony

paragraphs: There are many different breeds of ponies. A baby horse or pony is called a foal. These horses are raised around farms like other horses. Ponies are usually more chubby than horses and ponies have shorter legs. Miniature horses are not ponies they are actually mini horses because they have the features of a horse (i.e. longer legs and they are not as chubby as ponies). Shetland ponies are around the same height as miniature horse maybe a bit bigger a times but they ARE ponies not miniature horses.

paragraphs: Pony is also a Ginuwine song that was released in 1996.


title: Lloyd Sherr

paragraphs: Lloyd Sherr (born February 28, 1956), also known by his stage name Max Raphael, is an American voice actor and comedian. He became the voice of Fillmore in the "Cars" franchise (after George Carlin's death in 2008) and Everett in the "Barnyard" franchise. He also voices Tony Trihull in the "Cars" series.

paragraphs: Sherr's stage name is a combination of his kids' names Max and Raphael (as listed on his website)


title: T helper cell

paragraphs: T helpers are a kind of lymphocyte blood cell, produced in the Thymus. They do not kill or eat bacteria. What they do is to help other immune cells target onto infecting bacteria. They activate T-killer cells (cytotoxic T cells) and B cells to kill infecting bacteria or cells that are infected by viruses.


title: Jezebel (1938 movie)

paragraphs: Jezebel is a 1938 American drama movie. It stars Bette Davis and Henry Fonda. It was directed by William Wyler. The movie was based on a play by Owen Davis, Sr. Bette Davis won the Best Actress Academy Award for her performance. The movie was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry in 2009.

paragraphs: The movie is set in Louisiana before the American Civil War. The story is about a headstrong young woman. She makes a social blunder that costs her the love of her fiancé. She finds redemption in nursing him during a yellow fever epidemic.


title: Alveolo-palatal consonant

paragraphs: In phonetics, alveolo-palatal (or alveopalatal) consonants are palatalized postalveolar sounds. They are usually fricatives and affricates. We pronounce them with the blade of the tongue behind the alveolar ridge, and the body of the tongue raised toward the palate. These consonants are similar to palato-alveolar consonants, but alveolo-palatal consonants are more fully palatalized.

paragraphs: We often use the alveolo-palatal sibilants in the Chinese languages (e.g.Mandarin, Hakka, and Wu), and other languages in the East Asian sprachbund (e.g.Japanese and Korean). Many slavic languages (e.g.Polish, Russian and Serbo-Croatian) also contains alveolo-palatal sibilants. Northwest Caucasian languages (e.g. Abkhaz and Ubykh) also use this consonant. Kinnauri uses an alveolo-palatal nasal. The alveolo-palatal consonants in the International Phonetic Alphabet are:

paragraphs: The sinological circles sometimes use (), (), and () for alveolo-palatal plosives, nasals and liquids. But the IPA does not accept these symbols. We sometimes use these symbol to represent simple palatal or platalized consonants.

paragraphs: We consider the Polish nasal (represented with the letter "ń") to be alveolo-palatal, but not palatal. And the "palatal" consonants of several Indigenous Australian languages are also sometimes judged closer to alveolo-palatal in their articulation.


title: Michel Bernard

paragraphs: Michel Bernard, born the 1st of March 1943 at Bourges, graduates from "École Polytechnique" (promotion 1964) and "École nationale de l'aviation civile" (promotion 1967), was the head of the "Agence nationale pour l'emploi" from 1995 to 2005 and the President of Air Inter airline from November 1993 until march 1995.


title: Bilabial nasal

paragraphs: The bilabial nasal is a type of consonant. It is used in almost all spoken languages. The letter for this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨⟩. The X-SAMPA symbol for this sound is ⟨m⟩. We can find the bilabial nasal in English, and it is the sound represented by "m" in "map" and "rum".

paragraphs: Nearly all languages contain this sound. A few languages (for example, Mohawk) do not often use this sound.

paragraphs: These are some examples of where the bilabial nasal occurs in various languages:


title: John Thaw

paragraphs: John Thaw CBE (3 January 1942 - 21 February 2002) was a British actor.

paragraphs: Thaw was born in Longsight, and grew up in Gorton and Burnage, all inner-city areas of Manchester. He is best known for his starring roles in "The Sweeney", "Inspector Morse" and "Kavanagh QC".

paragraphs: Thaw was married to actress Sheila Hancock (born 1933) from 1973 until his death from oesophageal cancer in Luckington, Wiltshire.


title: Dirk Bogarde

paragraphs: Sir Dirk Bogarde (28 March 1921 - 8 May 1999) was a British actor and writer.

paragraphs: Bogarde was born in West Hampstead, London. He starred in many movies, including "Victim", "The Servant", "Darling", "Accident" and "Death in Venice".

paragraphs: Bogarde wrote novels, autobiographies and memoirs.

paragraphs: Bogarde was a closeted homosexual who lived with his partner Anthony Forwood (1915-1988) for nearly forty years until Forwood's death. Bogarde died of a heart attack in Chelsea, London.


title: Alphabet Inc.

paragraphs: Alphabet is an American company based in California. It holds Google and the projects that Google worked on before 2015. The CEO is Larry Page.

paragraphs: In October 2020, the United States Government Department of Justice filed a Anti-Trust Lawsuit against Alphabet Inc over Googles monopoly on Search.


title: Hellmuth Karasek

paragraphs: Hellmuth Karasek (4 January 1934 – 29 September 2015) was a German journalist, literary critic and novelist. He wrote over 25 books on literature and movies. He was well known for being on the panel of the show "Das Literarische Quartett", with Marcel Reich-Ranicki. In 1968, he became the theatre critic of "Die Zeit". From 1974 until 1996, he worked for "Der Spiegel". In 1999, he was a member of the jury at the 49th Berlin International Film Festival.

paragraphs: Karasek was born in Brünn, Czechoslovakia (now Brno, Czech Republic). He moved from Bielitz (now Poland) to Bernburg in 1944 during World War II. In the 1950s, he became a student at the University of Tübingen in Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg (then West Germany).

paragraphs: Karasek died on 29 September 2015 in Hamburg. He was 81.


title: Frankie Ford

paragraphs: Vincent Francis Guzzo, Jr. (August 4, 1939 – September 28, 2015), better known by his stage name Frankie Ford, was an American singer. He was best known for his 1959 hit "Sea Cruise". His main genres were rock and roll, rhythm and blues and pop. Ford was born in Gretna, Louisiana. He was adopted by Vincent and Anna Guzzo.

paragraphs: Ford died from natural causes after a long illness on September 28, 2015 in New Orleans, Louisiana. He was 76.


title: Think of the children

paragraphs: "Think of the children" (also "What about the children?") is a phrase that became a strategy used when you are in an argument with someone. Basically in its simplest use it can mean just children's rights, like for example talking about child labor problems. But when this phrase is used in the middle of an argument, it can be used to try to make people feel emotional when thinking about the needs of children, and then to try and fool people into doing what they want because they might be scared that they do not want to harm children.

paragraphs: The 2002 book "Art, Argument, and Advocacy" (2002) said that using this phrase replaced emotion instead of reason in the middle of an argument with someone. Ethicist Jack Marshall wrote in 2005 that the phrase is so popular because it can stop people from behaving rationally especially when they are talking about morals. "Think of the children" was used by censorship supporters to try to defend children from things they thought were dangerous to these young people. The book "Community, Space and Online Censorship" (2009) wrote that calling children just babies in need of protection was a form of focusing too much on the concept of purity. A 2011 article in the "Journal for Cultural Research" wrote that "Think of the children" was caused by people thinking too hard about telling everyone what to do and the difference between right-and-wrong.

paragraphs: "Think of the children" as a phrase was used in the 1964 Walt Disney Pictures film "Mary Poppins"; where Mrs. Banks pleaded with her departing nanny not to quit and to asked her to "Think of the children!". Its use was popularized through satire on the television program "The Simpsons", beginning in 1996. Character Helen Lovejoy pleaded: "Won't somebody please think of the children!" during loud arguments in the town of Springfield on the TV show.

paragraphs: Law professor Charles J. Ten Brink in the 2012 "Georgia State University Law Review" wrote that "The Simpsons" character Helen Lovejoy's use of "Think of the children" was a good form of parody. The phrase's use was made fun of a lot when people used it in politics. After it became popular on "The Simpsons", use of the phrase was called "Lovejoy's Law", the "Helen Lovejoy defence", the "Helen Lovejoy Syndrome", and "think-of-the-children-ism".


title: Húsavík

paragraphs: Húsavík is a town in northern Iceland. It has a population of 2,237 people. Most of the industry in the city comes from tourism and fishing. About 850 AD, a Swedish viking named Garðar Svavarsson arrived on the northern coast of Iceland. There he built a settlement and prepared to stay for the winter. When spring arrived he departed leaving two slaves behind. They made a farm there.


title: Lofsöngur

paragraphs: Lofsöngur (Icelandic for 'Hymn'), also called Ó Guð vors lands ('O, God of Our Land'), is the national anthem (or hymn) of the Nordic country of Iceland. It was written for the celebration of the 1000th anniversary of the first Norse settlement of Iceland, though it wasn't considered a nation anthem for another 40 years. It was adopted in 1944 when the country became a republic during the constitutional referendum. Previously in 1874, the music of the hymn was composed by Sveinbjörn Sveinbjörnsson and the lyrics (words) were written by Matthías Jochumsson.

paragraphs: First stanza (in bold) is regularly used as part of the hymn.


title: Charles Gibson

paragraphs: Charles deWolf "Charlie" Gibson (born March 9, 1943) is a United States former broadcast television anchor and journalist. He was born in Evanston, Illinois. He grew up in Washington, D.C. He was a host of "Good Morning America" from 1987 to 1998, and 1999 to 2006. He was the anchor of "World News with Charles Gibson" from 2006 to 2009. In 2008 he was a moderator for the US presidential debates. He graduated in 1965 with a degree in history from Princeton University.


title: Regions of Iceland

paragraphs: The regions of Iceland are mainly used for statistical purposes. The district court jurisdictions use them. The postal code system follows the regions as well with a few exceptions. Before 2003 the regions were also used for elections to parliament.

paragraphs: These regions are not defined by law. They have no official standing or administrative function. They are used to divide Iceland for certain purposes.

paragraphs: The health care system in Iceland is divided into 7 health care districts. These are the same as the 8 regions of Iceland with one exception. The Northwestern region and the Northeastern region which are a single health care district.


title: Bathory (band)

paragraphs: Bathory was an extreme metal band from Vällingby, Sweden. The band formed in 1983. Bathory broke up in 2004. The band's main songwriter was Quorthon. Bathory released 12 studio albums and 5 compilation albums. Bathory's first four albums were "the blueprint for Scandinavian black metal". The band first played black metal but moved on to viking metal in its later years.


title: Denise Lor

paragraphs: Denise Jeanne Horine (born Denise Jeanne Briault; May 3, 1929 – September 27, 2015), better known by her stage name Denise Lor, was an American actress and singer. She was born in Los Angeles. She moved to Long Island at age five. She was best known for being on the CBS series "The Garry Moore Show" for eight years in the 1950s and 1960s. She was also known for her song, "If I Give My Heart to You", which charted at #8 in September 1954. She appeared in over 100 stage productions, including "Gypsy", "Annie" and "Sweeney Todd".

paragraphs: Lor was married twice. She had two sons from her first, Ron and Denis Martin. She died in September 2015 at the age of 86.


title: Deaths in October 2015

paragraphs: The following is a list of notable deaths in October 2015. For notable deaths before the current month, please see "Previous months".


title: 9½ Weeks

paragraphs: 9½ Weeks is a 1986 American erotic romantic drama movie. It was directed by Adrian Lyne and it was produced by Mark Damon, Sidney Kimmel, Zalman King, and Antony Rufus-Isaacs. It was released on February 20, 1986. It is based on the Elizabeth McNeill memoir of the same name. The movie is about a New York City art gallery employee who has an affair with a Wall Street broker.

paragraphs: The movie got mixed and negative reviews from critics. 1,000 people attended a preview screening of the movie and everybody except 40 people walked out. 35 of the 40 people who filled out cards said that they really did not like it. It has a 64% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Movie critic Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the movie gave the movie 3 and a half stars stars out of 4 and said that "A lot of the success of "9½ Weeks" is because Rourke and Basinger make the characters and their relationship convincing."

paragraphs: In terms of money, this movie did not earn much in the United States but it was successful in Europe.


title: Introducing Joss Stone

paragraphs: Introducing Joss Stone is the third studio album by English singer-songwriter Joss Stone. It was released on 9 March 2007 by Virgin Records. The album peaked at number 12 on the UK Albums Chart. In the United States, it debuted at number two on the "Billboard" 200 chart.

paragraphs: "Introducing Joss Stone" received mixed to positive criticism from critics.

paragraphs: Credits adapted from the liner notes of "Introducing Joss Stone".


title: David Ashby (speedway rider)

paragraphs: David Ashby (11 November 1949 – 16 September 2015) was a British motorcycle speedway rider. He rode for Swindon Robins between 1972 and 1978, making 151 appearances. He also rode with Peterborough Panthers and Milton Keynes Knights. He retired in 1979.

paragraphs: Ashby was born in Marlborough, Wiltshire. His brother was Martin Ashby. He had two sons, Lee and Jamie.

paragraphs: Ashby died from cancer on 16 September 2015 in Swindon, Wiltshire. He was 65.


title: Maternal insult

paragraphs: A maternal insult (also referred to as a "yo mama" joke) is a reference to a person's mother. This is through the use of phrases such as "your mother" or other variations, often used to insult the target by way of their mother. "Your mother" can be combined with most types of insults, although suggestions of promiscuity are common. One of the purposes of these insults is to incite violence. Slang variants such as "yo mama", "yo momma", "yer ma", "ya mum", "your mum", "ya mudda" or "your mom" are sometimes used, depending on the local dialect.

paragraphs: When Joram saw Jehu, he said, "Is it peace, Jehu?"<br>

paragraphs: And he answered, "What peace, so long as the harlotries of your mother Jezebel and her witchcrafts are so many?"

paragraphs: "Apemantus": "Thy mother's of my generation. What's she, if I be a dog?"

paragraphs: " “...of your mother is by the one who has intercourse with her. What/who is it?<br>

paragraphs: While it cannot be completely deciphered, it is clear some comment is being made about somebody's mother.


title: Origins of the blues

paragraphs: The origin of the blues. Little is known about the origin of the music known as the blues. No year can be cited as the origin, because the style evolved over a long period. Ethnomusicologist Gerhard Kubik traces the roots of many of its elements back to the African continent, the "cradle of the blues".

paragraphs: One early mention comes from 1901, when an archaeologist in Mississippi described the songs of black workers which had lyrical themes and technical elements in common with the blues.

paragraphs: There are few characteristics common to all blues. The genre takes its shape from the peculiarities of each individual performance. Some characteristics are common to most styles of African American music. The earliest blues-like music was a "functional expression, rendered in a call-and-response style without accompaniment or harmony and unbounded by the formality of any particular musical structure". This pre-blues music was adapted from the field shouts and hollers performed during slave times, expanded into "simple solo songs laden with emotional content".

paragraphs: Many of these blues elements, such as the call-and-response format, can be traced back to the music of Africa. When African slaves went to work in North America, they took musical traditions with them. Early forms of music include spirituals and work songs. Spirituals were religious songs and work songs were sung to the rhythm of working. Work songs included a vocal call and response, or where the lead drummer makes a beat and then the others respond to it.

paragraphs: The majority of blues songs have four beats in a bar, and are built on the 12 bar blues form which uses three phrases, each four bars long. They can also use the blue scale.


title: Mürwik

paragraphs: Mürwik (also: "Muerwik", Danish: "Mørvig") is a district of Flensburg. It is on the east side of the Flensburg Firth (estuary) on the peninsula of Angeln. It is well known for the Naval Academy Mürwik with its sail training ship Gorch Fock. It was where the last government of Nazi Germany, called the Flensburg government led by Karl Dönitz was located. It is also the location of the "Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt" (KBA), Germany's Federal Motor Transport Authority.

paragraphs: The highest elevation of the district is about above sea level. Mürwik also has some natural undeveloped areas, such as the nature reserve at Twedter field.

paragraphs: Mürwik was first mentioned in 1734. The Naval Academy Mürwik was opened 1 October 1910. At the start of World War I in August 1914, the academy was temporarily closed. The Germans thought the war would be short. It reopened in January 1915. Cadets spent three months training then would go to sea to train aboard cruisers. At the end of World War II, after Adolf Hitler committed suicide, Admiral Karl Dönitz set up the last Nazi government at Flensburg-Mürwik academy. A few days later Germany surrendered.


title: Naval Academy Mürwik

paragraphs: The Naval Academy Mürwik (German: "Marineschule Mürwik") is the training school for German Navy officers in Flensburg-Mürwik. The castle-like building overlooks the Flensburg Fjord. Called the "Red Castle", it is well known for its beautiful architecture. It was patterned after the Marienburg (Malbork Castle) in Poland, the seat of the Teutonic Knights.

paragraphs: The academy was opened 1 October 1910. At the start of World War I in August 1914, the academy was temporarily closed. The Germans thought the war would be short. It reopened in January 1915. Cadets would spend three months training then go to sea to train aboard cruisers. At the end of World War II, after Adolf Hitler committed suicide, Admiral Karl Dönitz set up the last Nazi government at Flensburg-Mürwik academy. A few days later Germany surrendered.

paragraphs: Currently cadets spend a year at Flensburg-Mürwik academy before going on to study at the Führungsakademie der Bundeswehr in Hamburg or the Bundeswehr University Munich.


title: John Galvin (general)

paragraphs: John Rogers Galvin (May 13, 1929 – September 25, 2015) was an American army general. He served as the sixth dean of the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University. He was a member of the U.S. Commission on National Security/21st Century. He was born in Wakefield, Massachusetts.

paragraphs: Galvin died in Jonesboro, Georgia, aged 86.


title: Claude Dauphin (businessman)

paragraphs: Claude Dauphin (1951 – September 30, 2015) was a French billionaire businessman, and executive chairman of Trafigura Beheer BV. He had served as Trafigura's chairman and CEO. In March 2013 his net wealth was estimated at $1 billion by "Forbes".

paragraphs: Dauphin died in the early hours of September 30, 2015 in a hospital in Bogota, Colombia from cancer, aged 64.


title: Kelly Gissendaner

paragraphs: Kelly Renee Gissendaner (March 8, 1968 – September 30, 2015) was an American woman who was executed by the state of Georgia. Gissendaner had been convicted of orchestrating the murder of her husband, Douglas Gissendaner, in 1997. At the time of the murder, Gissendaner was 28 and her husband was 30. After her conviction, and until her execution, Gissendaner was the only woman on death row in Georgia.


title: Ernest Moniz

paragraphs: Ernest Jeffrey Moniz GCIH (born December 22, 1944) is an American nuclear physicist. He was the United States Secretary of Energy, served under U.S. President Barack Obama from May 2013 to January 2017.


title: Arrowhead Stadium

paragraphs: Arrowhead Stadium is a football stadium in Kansas City, Missouri. It is home to the NFL's Kansas City Chiefs. It is the largest sports facility by capacity in the state of Missouri. A $375 million renovation was completed in 2010.


title: Lieutenant governor

paragraphs: A lieutenant governor, lieutenant-governor, or vice governor is a high officer of state, whose precise role and rank vary by jurisdiction, but is often the deputy or lieutenant to or ranking under a governor — a "second-in-command"

paragraphs: In the United States, lieutenant governors are usually second-in-command to a state governor, and the actual power held by the lieutenant governor varies greatly from state to state.


title: James D. Watkins

paragraphs: James David Watkins (March 7, 1927July 26, 2012) was an American politician. He was a United States Navy admiral and former Chief of Naval Operations.

paragraphs: He served as the U.S. Secretary of Energy during the George H. W. Bush administration, also chairing U.S. government commissions on HIV/AIDS and ocean policy. Watkins also served on the boards of various companies and other nongovernmental organizations and as the co-chair of the Joint Ocean Commission Initiative.

paragraphs: Watkins died of congestive heart failure on July 26, 2012 in Alexandria, Virginia at the age of 85.


title: Deadly Relations

paragraphs: Deadly Relations is a 1993 American television film directed by Bill Condon. It stars Robert Urich, Shelley Fabares and Gwyneth Paltrow. The film originally aired on ABC on May 22, 1993.


title: No Child of Mine

paragraphs: No Child of Mine is a February 1997 British documentary-drama and domestic violence television movie. It is about the true case of a 13-year-old girl named Kerry (played by Brooke Kinsella). Kerry was sexually abused and bullied at several times by her abusive mother, Linda (played by Sharon Small), and her father, Jim (played by Bill Geraghty).


title: Hurricane Joaquin

paragraphs: Hurricane Joaquin (wah-keen) was a strong tropical cyclone. It threatened the Bahamas and the East Coast of the United States.

paragraphs: Joaquin became the most powerful cyclone in the Atlantic in 2015. Hurricane Joaquin passed over the warmest ocean temperatures since record keeping began in 1880, of near 86°F (30°C).

paragraphs: The storm developed on September 28. It became Tropical Storm Joaquin on September 29, and a hurricane the day after.

paragraphs: Thirty-four people were killed in the storm, including 33 on the ship "El Faro".

paragraphs: The name "Joaquin" was retired. It was replaced with "Julian".


title: Hadi Norouzi

paragraphs: Hadi Norouzi (; 22 June 1985 – 1 October 2015) was an Iranian footballer. He played as a striker and winger. He was best known for playing for Persepolis, and became the club's captain two months before his death. He also had spells with clubs Pasargad Tehran, Fajr Sepah Tehran, Gahar Zagros and Naft Tehran. Norouzi was born in Babol, Mazandaran Province.

paragraphs: Norouzi died from a heart attack on 1 October 2015 in Tehran. He was 30.


title: Cape Fear (1962 movie)

paragraphs: Cape Fear is a 1962 American psychological thriller movie. It was directed by J. Lee Thompson and it was produced by Sy Bartlett. "Cape Fear" was released on April 12, 1962. It is adapted from the John D. MacDonald novel "The Executioners". The movie is about an attorney whose family is stalked by a criminal who he had helped send to jail for rape. A remake of the movie was made by Martin Scorsese and was released in 1991.

paragraphs: The movie got positive reviews from critics. It has a 95% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Movie critic Bosley Crowther of the New York Times said that he liked the "tough, tight script" and the "steady and starkly sinister style" that the movie had to it. He finished his review by saying "this is really one of those shockers that provokes disgust and regret." Cady was ranked as #28 on the American Film Institute's list of top 50 movie villains of all time.


title: Pinto Colvig

paragraphs: Vance DeBar "Pinto" Colvig (September 11, 1892 - October 3, 1967) was an American actor, voice actor, newspaper cartoonist, circus performer, vaudeville performer, animator, and writer. He was best known as the original Bozo the Clown. He was the voice of Disney's Goofy. In 1993 he was honored with a Disney Legends award.

paragraphs: Colvig was born in 1892 in Jacksonville, Oregon. His parents were Addie and William Colvig. His father was the Jackson County attorney. He was the youngest of seven children. He was nicknamed "Pinto" because of all his freckles. Colvig grew up in Jacksonville and nearby Medford. He spend a good deal of time mimicking the sounds he heard all around him. He could mimic the sound of farm animals, a rusty gate and noises from around the village.

paragraphs: He studied art at Oregon Agricultural College (OAC) (later Oregon State University) in Corvallis, Oregon. in 1916 he married Margaret Slaven. They moved to San Francisco where Colvig worked as a cartoonist for the San Francisco Bulletin and the San Francisco Chronicle.

paragraphs: In the 1920s Colvig began working in Hollywood in silent movies. He was a comedy writer and played bit parts for Mack Sennett. He then moved to the Disney studios where he became one of their top artists.

paragraphs: When movies changed to sound he began doing voices for characters. He is also known for his Disney work as the voice of Goofy from 1932 until his death in 1967. He was the voice of Bluto in Popeye cartoons. He was Grumpy and Sleepy in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. In The Three Little Pigs he was the voice of the Practical Pig. He was also the co-writer of the song "Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf?" in the same movie.

paragraphs: From the 1920s he provided sound effects on programs such as the Jack Benny Program and Amos 'n' Andy. He invented most of his own sound effects. He was known for making a funny line even funnier. Colvig is a legend among foley sound technicians.

paragraphs: As a teenager Colvig ran away to join the circus. He eventually performed as a circus clown. In 1946 he was hired by Capitol Records to work on the world's first read-along book “Bozo at the Circus.” The book and record were a tremendous success and there were demands by children to see Bozo. Drawing on his circus background, Colvig created a clown character to match the books and records. Station KTTV in Los Angeles created a television series for Bozo the clown starring Pinto Colvig. After Bozo, Colvig returned to doing voice work.

paragraphs: Colvig died of lung cancer on October 3, 1967, in Woodland Hills, California. He was 75 years old.


title: Cape Fear (1991 movie)

paragraphs: Cape Fear is a 1991 American psychological thriller movie. It was directed by Martin Scorsese and it was produced by Barbara De Fina. "Cape Fear" was released on November 13, 1991. It is adapted from the John D. MacDonald novel "The Executioners". It is a remake of the 1962 movie directed by J. Lee Thompson.

paragraphs: The movie got positive reviews from critics. It has a 76% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Movie critic Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the movie 3 out of 4 stars and said that he liked the "Cape Fear is impressive moviemaking, showing Scorsese as a master of a traditional Hollywood genre who is able to mold it to his own themes and obsessions. But as I look at this $35 million movie with big stars, special effects and production values, I wonder whether it represents a good omen from the finest director now at work."

paragraphs: At the 64th Academy Awards, Robert De Niro was nominated in the category of Best Actor and Juliette Lewis was nominated in the category of Best Supporting Actress but neither of them won. At the 49th Golden Globe Awards, De Niro was nominated for Best Actor – Drama and Lewis was nominated for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture.


title: Edith Claire Bryce

paragraphs: Edith Claire Bryce (May 6, 1880 – February 28, 1960) was an American peace activist. She founded the Peace House.

paragraphs: Bryce was born on May 6, 1880. Her father was General Lloyd Stephens Bryce, the United States Ambassador to the Netherlands. Her mother was Edith Cooper Bryce, a Millionairess who died in 1916 leaving $ 3,000,000 to her family in her will. She married John Sergeant Cram. She founded Peace House, dedicated to the advancement of peace. She died on February 28, 1960. She was buried in Green-Wood Cemetery.


title: Bye (sports)

paragraphs: A bye in sports and other competitive activities can have two different meanings. Both mean that a participant in a competition is not required to compete while most of the other participants are. Its main use is in tournament competitions. In single-elimination tournaments, when there are an odd number of participants, a bye allows one or more to play in a later round. Other types of eliminator tournaments may also include a bye for others reasons. An example would be as a reward for the best ranked team(s).

paragraphs: In round-robin tournaments where there are an odd number of competitors, usually one gets a bye in each round. However, over the whole tournament, each team plays the same number of games.

paragraphs: Similar to the round-robin context, in leagues where most teams play on the same days during regular-season play, a team that does not play on a given day is said to be on bye. In sports that are played weekly, especially gridiron football, a team that does not play at all during a given week is said to be on its bye week. For example, during the regular football Season in the NFL, each team gets a week off (bye week) during the regular season.


title: Ptolemaic dynasty

paragraphs: The Ptolemaic dynasty, also known as the Lagids or Lagidae, was a Macedonian Greek royal family who ruled over Egypt. Their rule lasted for 275 years, from 305 BC to 30 BC. They were the last dynasty of ancient Egypt.

paragraphs: Ptolemy, was one of Alexander the Great's generals and deputies. He was appointed satrap of Egypt after Alexander's death in 323 BC. In 305 BC, he declared himself King Ptolemy I, later known as "Soter" (savior). The Egyptians soon accepted the Ptolemies as the successors to the pharaohs of independent Egypt. Unlike their previous rulers under the Achaemenid Empire, they usually lived in Egypt. Ptolemy's family ruled Egypt until the Roman conquest of 30 BC.

paragraphs: All the male rulers of the dynasty took the name Ptolemy. Ptolemaic queens, some of whom were the sisters of their husbands, were usually called Cleopatra, Arsinoe or Berenice. The most famous, was the last queen, Cleopatra VII. She was involved in the Roman political battles between Julius Caesar and Pompey, and later between Octavian and Mark Antony. Her death marked the end of Ptolemaic rule in Egypt.

paragraphs: Dates in brackets represent the ruling dates of the Ptolemaic pharaohs. They often ruled jointly with their wives, who were often also their sisters. Several queens exercised royal authority, but the most famous and successful was Cleopatra VII (51–30 BC), with her two brothers and her son as successive nominal co-rulers. Several systems exist for numbering the later rulers; the one used here is the one most widely used by modern scholars.

paragraphs: Members of the Ptolemaic dynasty were described as extremely obese. Their sculptures and coins show prominent eyes and swollen necks. Graves' disease within the family could explain the swollen necks and eye prominence (exophthalmos), although this is unlikely if they were simply obese.

paragraphs: Members of this dynasty likely suffered from a multi-organ fibrotic condition such as Erdheim–Chester disease or a familial multifocal fibrosclerosis. With this condition, then thyroiditis, obesity and ocular proptosis can all occur at the same time.


title: Hedjet

paragraphs: Hedjet is the name for the White Crown of Upper Egypt, used in Ancient Egypt. The crown was white and after Lower and Upper Egypt joined together, it was combined with the Deshret, the Red Crown of Lower Egypt. This Double Crown was called the Pschent. The symbol sometimes used for the Hedjet was the vulture goddess Nekhbet. This would be shown next to the head of the cobra goddess Wadjet, the Uraeus on the Pschent.

paragraphs: The white crown has a long history, going back into the Predynastic Period. This shows that kingship had been the base of Egyptian society for some time. The earliest image of the Hedjet was thought to have been in the Qustul in Nubia. New discoveries, particularly the excavation of Cemetery U and the tome U-j, dating to Naqada IIIA have shown that it appears earlier in Egypt.

paragraphs: Nekhbet, the protective goddess of Nekhebet (modern el Kab) near Hierakonpolis, was shown as a woman, sometimes with the head of a vulture, wearing the White Crown. The falcon god Horus of Hierakonpolis (Egyptian: Nekhen) was generally shown wearing a White Crown. The White Crown is on the Narmer Palette found at Hierakonpolis. It shows the king of the South wearing the "hedjet", triumphing over his northern enemies. The kings of the united Egypt saw themselves as successors of Horus. Vases from the reign of Khasekhemwy show the king as Horus wearing the White Crown.

paragraphs: As with the Deshret (Red Crown), no example of the White Crown has survived. It is unknown how it was made or what materials were used. It is possible it was made from felt or leather. The fact that no crown has ever been found, might suggest that the crown was passed from one ruler to the next, much as in present day monarchies.


title: Rose Livingston

paragraphs: Rose Livingston (circa 1885 - after 1937) was an American suffragist and former prostitute. She was known as the "Angel of Chinatown". She worked with prostitutes and victims of sexual slavery.

paragraphs: In 1912 while trying to rescue a prostitute she was severely beaten.

paragraphs: In 1914 she participated in one of the Suffrage Hikes from Manhattan to Albany, New York.

paragraphs: In 1929, she was given a gold medal by the National Institute of Social Science.

paragraphs: In 1934 she was found living in poverty. A retirement fund was established for her.

paragraphs: In 1937 she was awarded a silver cup by Edith Claire Bryce (1880-1960) of the Peace House for her "deeds of courage without violence".


title: Joe Wark

paragraphs: Joe Wark (9 October 1947 – 1 October 2015) was a Scottish professional footballer. He spent all of his professional career with Motherwell. He made 464 appearances for the club in the Scottish Football League between 1968 and 1984. He was born in Glasgow.

paragraphs: Wark died after a long illness on 1 October 2015. He was 67.


title: Jacob Pressman

paragraphs: Jacob "Jack" Pressman (October 26, 1919 – October 1, 2015) was an American Conservative rabbi. He was the rabbi of Temple Beth Am in Los Angeles, California from 1950 to 1985. He was a co-founder of the American Jewish University in Bel Air. He also wrote a weekly column in "The Beverly Hills Courier" from 2004 to 2015.

paragraphs: Pressman was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was born to Jewish parents, Solomon and Dora Pressman. He was married to Marjorie. They had three children.

paragraphs: Pressman died on October 1, 2015 in Beverly Hills, California. He was 95.


title: Max Keeping

paragraphs: Winston Maxwell "Max" Keeping (April 1, 1942 – October 1, 2015) was a Canadian broadcaster and philanthropist. He was CJOH-DT vice-president of news and public affairs. CJOH-DT is the CTV station in Ottawa, Ontario. He was an anchor for the station from 1972 until his retirement in 2010.

paragraphs: Keeping was born in Grand Bank, Newfoundland. He died from cancer in Ottawa, aged 73.


title: Usnija Redžepova

paragraphs: Usnija Redžepova (; 4 February 1946 – 1 October 2015) was a Macedonian actress and singer. She appeared in the movies "Zenidba nosaca Samuela" (1973), "The Dervish and Death" (1974) and "Kostana" (1980). She was given a national pension from the Serbian government on 29 December 2011.

paragraphs: Redžepova was born in Skopje. She was of Romani and Turkish ancestry. She died from lung cancer in Belgrade, aged 69.


title: Ricky Talan

paragraphs: Rick "Ricky" Talan (3 November 1960 – 30 September 2015) was a Dutch footballer. He was striker. He played for the clubs AZ Alkmaar, Vitesse, Cercle Brugge and Haarlem between 1979 and 1988.

paragraphs: Talan was born in Katwijk, South Holland. His younger brother, Jeffrey Talan, was also a footballer.

paragraphs: Talan died from brain cancer on 30 September 2015 in Zevenaar, Gelderland. He was 54.


title: Saqqara Tablet

paragraphs: The Saqqara Tablet is stone from Ancient Egypt. On it is written a list of Egyptian pharaohs from the New Kingdom. It was found in a tomb at Saqqara in 1861. The tomb belonged to Tjenry (or Tjuneroy), an official of the pharaoh Ramesses II. He was a priest and "Overseer of Works on All Royal Monuments". The stone is now in the Egyptian Museum.

paragraphs: The list names 58 kings, from Anedjib and Qa'a in the First Dynasty to Ramesses II in the Nineteenth Dynasty. The list is in reverse chronological order. It leaves out names of "rulers from the Second Intermediate Period, the Hyksos, and those rulers... who had been close to the heretic Akhenaten".

paragraphs: Each name is surrounded by a border known as a cartouche). The stone is badly damaged, and only 47 names have survived. There are mistakes in the list. For example, it only mentions four kings of the Third Dynasty. The order is correct only for the kings of the Twelfth Dynasty. The only known photograph of the king list was published in 1865.

paragraphs: The names are listed in reverse chronological order from the upper right to the bottom left, as they were meant to be read.


title: Hovsta

paragraphs: Hovsta is a locality in Örebro Municipality in Örebro County in Sweden. In 2010, 2,785 people lived there.


title: Richard W. Mallary

paragraphs: Richard Walker Mallary (February 21, 1929 – September 27, 2011) was an American politician. He was as a U.S. Representative from Vermont representing Vermont's At-large congressional district from 1972 to 1975.

paragraphs: Mallary died of prostate cancer in Brookfield, Vermont, aged 82.


title: Coronel Suárez

paragraphs: Coronel Suárez is a town in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. It is the head town of the Coronel Suárez Partido.

paragraphs: The Partido was created in 1882 and the city was founded in 1883. It was named after Manuel Isidoro Suárez, a colonel of Argentine army who fought in the Battle of Junín in 1824.


title: Eugene V. Debs

paragraphs: Eugene Victor "Gene" Debs (November 5, 1855 – October 20, 1926) was an American union leader, one of the founding members of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW or the Wobblies), and five times the candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States. Through his presidential candidacies, as well as his work with labor movements, Debs eventually became one of the best-known socialists living in the United States.


title: Holly Madison

paragraphs: Holly Sue Cullen (born December 23, 1979), the model is known mostly as Holly Madison, is an American model and television personality. She is best known for being one of Hugh Hefner's girlfriends on the reality television series "The Girls Next Door". She also had her own reality series, "Holly's World".


title: Ernest Deane

paragraphs: Ernest Cotton Deane (born 4 May 1887 and died 25 September 1915) was a medical officer of the British Indian Army. He was born in the city of Limerick, Ireland. He went to school in Dún Laoghaire (then called Kingstown) in County Dublin. Deane studied medicine at the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, graduating in 1909. He played rugby for Ireland in one match, against England in February 1909. However, his rugby career was cut short after he broke his leg soon after in a game against Oxford University.

paragraphs: Deane became a surgeon at the Adelaide Hospital, Dublin. He was then commissioned into the Royal Army Medical Corps in 1911. In 1913, he was posted to India and served in Burma. He was sent to Meerut at the start of the First World War. He went to France with the Garhwal Brigade of the Indian Expeditionary Force. They d in Marseilles in September 1914. He was then sent immediately to the Western Front. There he served first with the 20th Field Ambulance. Then he served as a medical officer of the 2nd Battalion, The Royal Leicestershire Regiment. His unit saw much active service. On 22 August 1915, he was awarded the Military Cross after running out under machine gun fire to rescue four men who had been wounded by artillery fire. A month later, his regiment participated in the Battle of Loos, and was almost entirely destroyed. He was shot dead after going to help some injured soldiers. His action earned him a mention in dispatches.


title: Doo-wop

paragraphs: Doo-wop is a genre of music that was developed in African-American communities in The USA. It started in the 1940s. Doo-wop achieved mainstream popularity in the 1950s and early 1960s. Built upon vocal harmony, doo-wop was one of the most mainstream, pop-oriented R&B styles of the time. Singer Bill Kenny (1914–1978) is often called the "Godfather of Doo-wop". He introduced the "top and bottom" format which featured a high tenor singing the lead and a bass singer reciting the lyrics in the middle of the song. Doo-wop features vocal group harmony, nonsense syllables, a simple beat, sometimes little or no instrumentation, and simple music and lyrics.

paragraphs: The first record to use the syllables "doo-wop" was the 1955 hit "When You Dance" by the Turbans. The term "doo-wop" first appeared in print in 1961. During the late 1950s many Italian-American groups added to the doo-wop scene. The peak of doo-wop was in 1961. Doo-wop's influence continued in soul, pop, and rock groups of the 1960s. At various times in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, the genre has seen revivals. Doo-wop was a precursor to many of the afro-American musical styles seen today. An evolution of jazz and blues, doo-wop also influenced many of the major Rock and Roll groups that defined the later decades of the 20th century. Doo-wop is iconic for it’s swing-like beats and using the off-beat to keep time. Doo-wop laid the foundation for many musical innovations, for example, R&B.

paragraphs: It has had a revival recently as Meghan Trainor usually makes songs with in the genre.


title: Elder High School

paragraphs: Elder High School is a Catholic all-boys private high school in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. The high school has been in existence for 90 years. It is a private high school within the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. This high school is known for its academic and athletic programs. It has a strong following of students, alumni and friends who support the school at sports events. They also support community events and fundraising for capital and operating budgets.


title: Guido Altarelli

paragraphs: Guido Altarelli (July 12, 1941 - September 30, 2015) was an Italian theoretical physicist. He was born in Rome, Italy.

paragraphs: He held positions at New York University (1968–69), the Rockefeller University (New York, 1969–70), l' École Normale Supérieure in Paris (76-77, 81) and Boston University (85-86).


title: Lubomír Lipský

paragraphs: Lubomír Lipský (April 19, 1923 – October 2, 2015) was a Czech actor. He was known for his roles in "Four Murders Are Enough, Darling", "Grapes", and in "Six Bears and a Clown".

paragraphs: He was born in Pelhřimov. His brother was director Oldřich Lipský. He died in Prague, aged 92.


title: Eric Arturo Delvalle

paragraphs: Eric Arturo Delvalle Cohen-Henríquez (2 February 1937 – 2 October 2015) was a Panamanian politician and a member of the Republican Party. He served as the Vice President of Panama from 1984 until 28 September 1985. He then served as the President until 26 February 1988 under Manuel Noriega. He tried to overthrow Noriega but went into hiding and left the country.

paragraphs: Delvalle was born in Panama City. He was of Jewish ancestry. His uncle, Max Delvalle, was the first Jewish president in Latin America. He was married to Mariela Delvalle.

paragraphs: Delvalle died on 2 October 2015 in Cleveland, Ohio, United States. He was 78.


title: Compurgation

paragraphs: Compurgation was an ancient type of defence in a legal trial. An accused person could call a number of people, usually twelve. They swore to their belief in his or her innocence.

paragraphs: In England, it was abolished in common law by the "Constitutions of Clarendon" of Henry II in 1164. The defence was still permitted in civil actions for debt. Eventually, it was entirely abolished in England in 1833.


title: Javid Iqbal

paragraphs: Justice Javed Iqbal (Urdu:  5 October 1924 – 3 October 2015) was a Pakistani philosopher and senior justice of Supreme Court of Pakistan. He was internationally known for his publications on philosophy of law and modern Islamic philosophy.

paragraphs: Javed began his career as an advocate in Lahore High Court, and later became a judge in 1971 and then Chief Justice of the court. He was also a judge in the Supreme Court of Pakistan

paragraphs: Iqbal died while under treatment for cancer at the Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital in Lahore, aged 90.


title: Tyrus Wong

paragraphs: Tyrus Wong (; October 25, 1910 – December 29, 2016) was a Chinese-born American artist.

paragraphs: He was a painter, muralist, ceramicist, lithographer, designer and kite maker. Wong has worked for Disney and Warner Brothers. Wong's most famous work was for the Disney animated classic, "Bambi".