title: Helka Hynninen

paragraphs: Helka Hynninen (born 21 May 1930, in Vesanto) is a Finnish singer and songwriter. Hynninen owned a farm in Mikkeli. Before 1976, she was known in the area near Vesanto but not famous throughout Finland. In the summer of 1980, Hynninen gave a performance for Finnish-Americans in Lake Worth, Florida in the United States. Since then, she has performed in the United States many times. She performed for the Finland Society at the Atlanta Summer Olympics in 1996.

paragraphs: Hynninen sang her most popular song ("Lapsuusajan maisemissa", in English "Landscapes of childhood") in 1976.


title: Lucknow

paragraphs: Lucknow is the capital city of the north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. This metro city is the administrative headquarters of Lucknow District and Lucknow Division. Lucknow has always been known as a multicultural city and flourished as a cultural and artistic capital of North India in the 18th and 19th centuries. Today it continues as an important centre of commerce, aerospace, finance pharmaceuticals, technology, design, culture, tourism, music and poetry. Lucknow ranked 6th among all the cities in India for fastest job-creation.


title: Desperado

paragraphs: Desperado is a 1995 action thriller movie. It was released on August 25, 1995 in the United States. It stars Antonio Banderas and Salma Hayek. Banderas plays a man who wants revenge on those who killed his former lover. "Desperado" received positive reviews by the critics.


title: Mariano Rajoy

paragraphs: Mariano Rajoy Brey (born 27 March 1955) is the former Prime Minister of Spain. His party, the Popular Party ("Partido Popular", PP) won the elections in 2011. He won his re-election campaign in the 2016 election. His party had many corruption scandals and because of this a lot of people in Spanish congress voted to quit him from presidency on June 1, 2018 and put Pedro Sánchez in his place.

paragraphs: On 5 June 2018, Rajoy resigned as President of the People's Party.


title: Orange-breasted sunbird

paragraphs: The orange-breasted sunbird ("Anthobaphes violacea"), is the only member of the bird genus "Anthobaphes". However, it is sometimes put in the genus "Nectarinia". This sunbird is endemic to southwestern South Africa. It is also found in parks and gardens.


title: Karl Pearson

paragraphs: Karl Pearson FRS (27 March 1857 – 27 April 1936) was an influential English mathematician. He helped establish the discipline

paragraphs: "Carl Pearson" became "Karl Pearson" by accident when he enrolled at the University of Heidelberg in 1879. They changed the spelling. He used both versions of his name until 1884 when he finally adopted Karl. Eventually he became known as "KP".

paragraphs: In 1911 he founded the world's first university statistics department at University College London. He was a proponent of eugenics, and a protégé and biographer of Sir Francis Galton.

paragraphs: A conference was held in London on 23 March 2007, to celebrate the 150th anniversary of his birth.

paragraphs: Pearson met Charles Darwin's cousin Francis Galton, who was interested in heredity and eugenics. Pearson became Galton's protégé, at times close to hero worship.

paragraphs: After Galton's death in 1911, Pearson started on a massive three-volume biography of Galton. The biography was done "to satisfy myself and without regard to... the needs of publishers or to the tastes of the reading public". It celebrated Galton's life, work, and talent. He predicted (wrongly) that Galton, rather than Charles Darwin, would be remembered as the most prodigious grandson of Erasmus Darwin.

paragraphs: When Galton died, he left much of his estate to University College London for a Chair in Eugenics. Pearson was the first holder of this chair, in accordance with Galton's wishes. He formed the Department of Applied Statistics, which included the Biometric and Galton laboratories. He stayed with the department until his retirement in 1933, and continued to work until his death in 1936.

paragraphs: Pearson's ideas helped build the statistical methods in common use today.


title: Yutyrannus

paragraphs: Yutyrannus is a Tyrannosauroid dinosaur, an early forebear of "Tyrannosaurus rex".

paragraphs: 124.6 million years ago (mya). It was about 10 meters long and 3 meters tall, and is the largest known dinosaur with direct evidence of feathers. It is forty times heavier than the previous record holder, "Beipiaosaurus". The feathers were long, up to , and filamentous.

paragraphs: The fossil was found in what is now northeastern China. Three fossils of "Y. huali", were all found in the rock beds of Liaoning Province. Because of its size, it is certain that "Yutyrannus" could not fly. The feathers supported other functions, such as temperature regulation and visual signalling.

paragraphs: "Yutyrannus" is known from three nearly complete fossil specimens (an adult, a subadult and a juvenile). They were got from a fossil dealer who claimed all three were found in a single quarry at Batuyingzi in Liaoning Province. They were probably found in a layer of the Yixian Formation.


title: Nankai Trough

paragraphs: This feature is in a marine area called "Nankai".


title: Roland Emmerich

paragraphs: Roland Emmerich (born 10 November 1955) is a German movie director, producer and screenwriter. He was born in Stuttgart and grew up in nearby Sindelfingen, Baden-Wurttemberg, West Germany. His movies include "Universal Soldier", "Stargate", "Independence Day", "Godzilla", "The Patriot", "The Day After Tomorrow", "10,000 BC", "2012", "Anonymous", and "White House Down".


title: Amélie

paragraphs: Amélie is a 2001 romantic comedy movie by Miramax. It stars Audrey Tautou as the title character. It is set in Paris in 1997. It is about a shy and isolated waitress who decides to change the lives for other people around her while she deals with isolation herself. "Amélie" received very positive critical acclaim and was a huge box office success. Amelie is also a feminine name.


title: Child's Play (1988 movie)

paragraphs: Child's Play is a 1988 American horror movie set in Chicago. It was directed by Tom Holland. It stars Catherine Hicks, Chris Sarandon, Alex Vincent and Brad Dourif. The movie is about a serial killer doll. It received moderate success upon release, and has gained cult following with the fans of horror.

paragraphs: The movie is the first in the "Child's Play" franchise. A reboot remake will be released in June 2019.


title: Matt Moore (American football)

paragraphs: Matthew Erickson Moore (born August 9, 1984 in Van Nuys, California) is an American Football quarterback for the Miami Dolphins of the National Football League. Moore was not drafted in the 2007 NFL Draft. He played college football at UCLA and Oregon State.

paragraphs: After the 2007 NFL Draft, he signed with the Dallas Cowboys but was released from the team on September 1.

paragraphs: Matt Moore first played in a regular season game on October 27th, 2007 with the Carolina Panthers after David Carr left the game with an injury. In the last game of the 2008 NFL preseason, Matt Moore was injured and did not play during the 2008 NFL season. During the 2009 NFL Season, Moore started five games and threw 8 touchdowns and 2 interceptions. At the start of the 2010 NFL season, he was the starter but after throwing 4 interceptions in the first 2 games he was replaced by Jimmy Clausen. Then he sat out for three straight games before becoming the starter again after Clausen's poor play. In week 9, he was injured and his season ended.

paragraphs: On July 28th, 2011, the Miami Dolphins signed Moore to be Chad Henne's back up. On October 2nd, 2011, Chad Henne was injured and Moore came into the game in the first quarter. He finished the game 17 of 26 for 167 passing yards and 1 interception. He started his first game with the Dolphins on October 19th, 2011 against the New York Jets. In 13 games and 12 started with Miami Dolphins, Moore finished the season with 2,497 yards, 16 touchdowns and 9 interceptions.


title: Bride of Chucky

paragraphs: Bride of Chucky is a 1998 American fantasy horror comedy movie. It is set in New Jersey. It is the fourth movie in the "Child's Play" series. It stars Jennifer Tilly as Tiffany and Brad Dourif as Chucky. Costars include Katherine Heigl and John Ritter. "Bride of Chucky" made almost $50 million worldwide, thereby becoming the most successful part of the series. The reviews were mixed.


title: Jennifer Tilly

paragraphs: Jennifer Tilly (born Jennifer Elizabeth Chan, born September 16, 1958) is an American-born Canadian actress. She was born in Harbor City, Los Angeles, California. Her father was Chinese American; her mother was of Irish, Finnish and Native American ancestry. Tilly's sister is actress Meg Tilly (born 1960). Tilly's acting career began in 1983. She acted in "Bound", "Liar Liar" and as Tiffany Valentine in the "Child's Play" series. She plays Bonnie Swanson in television series "Family Guy".


title: Jason Taylor

paragraphs: Jason Paul Taylor (born September 1, 1974) is a former American football defensive end and linebacker who played in NFL for the Miami Dolphins, Washington Redskins and New York Jets. Taylor was drafted by the Miami Dolphins in the third round (73rd pick overall) of the 1997 NFL Draft. He also performed on the sixth season of Dancing with the Stars and finished as the runner up to Kristi Yamaguchi. On December 28, 2011, Taylor announced that he would retire at the end of the 2011 season.


title: Katherine Heigl

paragraphs: Katherine Marie Heigl (born November 24, 1978 in Washington, D.C.) is an American actress, film producer and model. Her notable movies and television programs are "Knocked Up", "Bride of Chucky" and "Grey's Anatomy". She began her career as a child model.


title: Bharat Ratna

paragraphs: Bharat Ratna (, meaning "Jewel of India", or "Gem of India") is the highest civilian award in India. They are given to people who have given the highest level of service in artistic, literary or scientific achievements. As of 2011, it can also be given to sportspeople.


Kiyonobu Okajima


title: Wolnei Caio

paragraphs: Wolnei Caio (born August 10, 1968) is a former Brazilian football player.


title: Sergio Henrique Savoia Bernardes

paragraphs: Sergio Henrique Savoia Bernardes (born May 18, 1973) is a former Brazilian football player.


title: Pedro Massacessi

paragraphs: Pedro Massacessi (born January 9, 1966) is an Argentine professional athlete. He is best known as a football player. and team manager.


Shinya Nishikawa


title: Jose Alves dos Santos Júnior

paragraphs: Jose Alves dos Santos Júnior (born July 29, 1969) is a former Brazilian football player.


Hirokazu Ota


title: Émerson Luiz Firmino

paragraphs: Émerson Luiz Firmino (born July 28, 1973) is a former Brazilian football player.


title: Evil eye

paragraphs: The evil eye is a look that is believed by many cultures to be able to cause harm, injury, misfortune or bad luck for the person it is directed at. This could be for reasons of envy, jealousy or dislike. In some forms, it is the belief that a person can bestow a curse on someone when giving an "evil look" out of envy or jealousy.


title: Milyang Group Gang Rape

paragraphs: The Milyang Group Gang Rape was a sex crime that happened between January and November 2004 in South Korea. It happened it the city Miryang in South Gyeongsang province. A large group of at least 41 high-school boys kidnapped and gang-raped five middle- and high-school girls. a victims middle school and high school girl and lived in Ulsan, Changwon, park's Sisters and their cousin Lady Rho and other high school girls in Changwon. ather criminal check for an additional 70 male high school students, they lived in Milyang, Changwon. but the rapists were not punished, minors with a reason.


title: Yasuhiro Yamada

paragraphs: Yasuhiro Yamada (February 13, 1968–April 8, 2013) was a Japanese football player.


title: Hiroaki Hiraoka (footballer)

paragraphs: Hiraoka was head coach of Albirex Niigata Singapore in 2008.


Kiyoshi Nakamura


title: Marco Aurelio Silva Businhani

paragraphs: Marco Aurelio Silva Businhani (born February 8, 1972) is a former Brazilian football player.


Noriaki Asakura


Takao Oishi


Kenji Komata


title: André Paus

paragraphs: André Paus (born October 9, 1965) is a former Dutch football player.


Yasuyuki Iwasaki


Shigeo Sawairi


Toshiyuki Kosugi


Masashi Shimamura


title: Inner ear

paragraphs: The inner ear is the innermost part of the vertebrate ear. It is mainly responsible for sound detection and balance. In mammals, it consists of two main working parts inside a bony labyrinth:

paragraphs: The inner ear is found in all vertebrates, with many variations in form and function. The inner ear is supplied with the eighth cranial nerve in all vertebrates.


Seiji Kubo


Mitsutoshi Tsushima


Toru Kawashima


Kaoru Asano


Kazuya Matsuda


title: Capri

paragraphs: Capri is an island in the Tyrrhenian Sea. It is on the north side of the Gulf of Naples, Italy. The main town on the island shares the name. It has been a resort since the time of the Roman Republic. The Emperor Tiberius lived here from 26–31 AD.

paragraphs: Features of the island are the Belvedere of Tragara (a high panoramic promenade lined with villas), the limestone crags called sea stacks that project above the sea (the "Faraglioni"), the town of Anacapri, the Blue Grotto ("Grotta Azzurra"), and the ruins of the Imperial Roman villas.

paragraphs: Capri is part of the region of Campania, Province of Naples. Most people on the island live in the town of Capri. The island has two harbours, Marina Piccola and Marina Grande (the main port of the island). The separate "comune" of Anacapri is high on the hills to the west.

paragraphs: The etymology of the name 'Capri' is unclear.


title: Hypochondriasis

paragraphs: Hypochondriasis (more well known as hypochondria) is a condition which involves excess worries about having an illness that often results from having inaccurate perceptions of the human body. People with hypochondria are often very worried about their health even though there is no real medical condition. They become unduly alarmed of even the slightest physical symptom in their very bodies and are convinced they are about to become sick or have health problems.


title: Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa

paragraphs: Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa (c. 63 BC – 12 BC) was a general of the Roman Empire and a statesman. He was a close friend and brother-in-law of Augustus.

paragraphs: Agrippa's place of birth is not known for sure. It may have been the city of Arpinum. His father was callled Lucius Vipsanius Agrippa (we know this from an inscription on the Pantheon). He had an elder brother, and a sister named Vipsania Polla. The family had not been prominent in Roman public life.

paragraphs: Agrippa first married Caecilia Attica, the daughter of Cicero's friend T. Pomponius Atticus. They a daughter – Vipsania Agrippina, and perhaps another: 'Vipsania Minor'. Vipsania Agrippina became the wife of Tiberius.

paragraphs: By his second marriage to Claudia Marcella (oldest daughter of Octavia) he probably had a single surviving daughter.

paragraphs: His third wife, Julia (daughter of Augustus) bore him three sons and two daughters: Gaius (born 20 BC), Julia the Younger, Lucius (born 17 BC), Agrippina the Elder (born ca. 15 BC), and Postumus Agrippa. The last child was born in 12 BC after the death of Agrippa. Agrippa died in March 12 BC. Agrippa's more famous descendents stem from his daughter Agrippina: they include his grandson Caligula and great-grandson Nero.

paragraphs: Agrippa fought in Caesar's Civil War (49–45 BC), giving help to Octavian against Lucius Antonius.

paragraphs: Later services include his defeat of Sextus Pompey at Naolochus, Antony and Cleopatra at Actium, and the fall of Egypt. Later he completed of the conquest of Spain and fought in the North and East. For his valuable services he held three consulships (37, 28, 27 BC). He became Tribune of the plebs in 18 BC and renewed in 13, making him Augustus' unofficial co-emperor. He died at the height of his power in March 12 BC.


title: Edward Calvin Kendall

paragraphs: Edward Calvin Kendall (March 8, 1886, South Norwalk, Connecticut – May 4, 1972, Princeton, New Jersey) was an American chemist.

paragraphs: In 1950, Kendall was awarded the 1950 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Swiss chemist Tadeus Reichstein and Mayo Clinic physician Philip S. Hench, for their work with the hormones of the adrenal gland. His Nobel lecture was titled "The development of cortisone as a therapeutic agent". Kendall also isolated thyroxine, a hormone of the thyroid gland, and worked with the team that crystallized glutathione and identified its chemical structure.

paragraphs: Kendall was a biochemist at the Graduate School of the Mayo Foundation at the time of the award. He received his education at Columbia University After retiring from his job with the Mayo Foundation, Kendall joined the faculty at Princeton University, where he remained until his death in 1972.


title: Riccardo Drigo

paragraphs: Riccardo Eugenio Drigo (30 June 1846–1 October 1930) was an Italian composer of ballet music and opera, a theatrical conductor, and a pianist. Drigo is most noted for his long career as kapellmeister and Director of Music of the Mariinsky Ballet of St. Petersburg, Russia. He composed music for the original works and revivals of the Mariinsky choreographers Marius Petipa and Lev Ivanov. Drigo also served as Chef d’orchestre for Italian opera performances of Mariinsky Theatre orchestra. During his career in St. Petersburg, Drigo conducted the premieres and regular performances of nearly every ballet and Italian opera performed on the Tsarist stage. He was considered to be one of the finest theatrical conductors in Europe.


title: Pierina Legnani

paragraphs: Pierina Legnani (1863–1930) was an Italian ballerina who introduced the 32 fouettés en tournant to the ballet world in 1893. She was born on 30 September 1863 in Milan, Italy. From 1893 until 1901, she was Prima Ballerina Assoluta at the Mariinsky Theatre, St. Petersburg. Legnani trained at La Scala.

paragraphs: Legnani danced Odette/Odile in the 1895 revised version of "Swan Lake". Her last performance was in Petipa's "La Camargo" on 28 January 1901. She retired to her villa at Lake Como. She was on the examining board of La Scala Ballet School until four months before her death. She died on 15 November 1930.


title: Johnny B. Goode

paragraphs: "Johnny B. Goode" is a song written by Chuck Berry. The single appears on Berry's 1958 album, "Chuck Berry Is on Top". The song was recorded on January 6, 1958 and became the biggest hit of his career.

paragraphs: It is played in the 1985 film "Back to the Future".


title: Mathilde Kchessinska

paragraphs: Mathilde Marie Feliksovna Kschessinskaya (–6 December 1971 (also known as "Her Serene Highness Princess Romanova-Krasinskaya" from 1921) was a Russian ballerina from a family of Polish origin. She was known in the West as Mathilde Kschessinska or Matilda Kshesinskaya.

paragraphs: Her father Feliks Krzesiński and her brother both danced in St. Petersburg. She eventually attained the highest rank, that of "prima ballerina assoluta".

paragraphs: Kschessinskaya was also a mistress of the future Tsar Nicholas II of Russia. She had been involved with Nicholas, from 1890, when he was a grand duke and she was just seventeen. She met him with his family after her graduation performance. They stayed lovers for three years, until Nicholas married Princess Alix of Hesse-Darmstadt—the future Empress Alexandra Fyodorovna—in 1894, shortly after the death of his father, Tsar Alexander III.


title: Saikaidō Seamounts

paragraphs: Saikaidō Seamounts are an underwater feature in the Philippine Sea. The seamounts are in the northern end of the Kyushu-Palau Ridge (KPR). The seabed ridge begins in an area about 900 km from the eastern end of the or ""Bungo" strait" between the Japanese islands of Kyushu and Shikoku. The ridge creates a line on the ocean floor which runs southwest in the direction of the island of Palau. There is a chain of extinct volcanos on this line.

paragraphs: The Saikaidō underwater mountain chain is southeast of the Japanese island of Kyushu.

paragraphs: This seabed feature is named after "Saikaidō", which was the name given to the southern region of Japan during the Asuka period.

paragraphs: Each of these seamounts is an submarine, extinct volcano. The undersea mountain range includes:


title: Totem and Taboo

paragraphs: Totem and Taboo is a book by Sigmund Freud. It is four articles in the magazine "Imago" then combined as a book in 1914. The first article is "The Horror of Incest", the second "Taboo and Emotional Ambivalence", the third "animism, magic, and the omnipotence of thought", and the fourth "the return of totemism in childhood". It was written partly as a response to Wilhelm Wundt's ideas on psychology, and partly as a response to Carl Jung's ideas. It describes Freud's idea of how the incest taboo began. The last article combines Charles Darwin's idea of an ancient family with William Robertson Smith's idea of human sacrifice being the origin of religious ceremonies, to argue that an ancient group of brothers killed their polygamous father and took his wives and then created totemism as an idea to create conscience and prevent their action from being repeated.


title: Susan Sontag

paragraphs: Susan Sontag (born Susan Rosenblatt, January 16, 1933 - December 28, 2004) was an American writer and political activist. Sontag was born in New York City to Jewish parents. She grew up in Tucson, Arizona and later in Los Angeles, California.

paragraphs: Sontag married writer Philip Rieff when she was 17. Sontag taught freshman English at the University of Connecticut for the 1952–53 academic year.

paragraphs: Sontag's first book, "The Benefactor", was published in 1966. Her first film "Duett för kannibaler" was released in 1969. In 2000 she won the National Book Award.

paragraphs: She was openly bisexual. She married writer Philip Rieff (1922-2006) in 1950. Her only child is writer David Rieff (born 1952). The couple divorced in 1959. She was also partners with Cuban playwright María Irene Fornés.

paragraphs: She died of leukemia in New York City. She is buried in Montparnasse Cemetery in Paris, France.


title: Money Train

paragraphs: Money Train is a 1995 American comedy crime thriller movie. In it are Woody Harrelson, Robert Blake, Jennifer Lopez and Wesley Snipes. Harrelson, Snipes and Lopez play transit cops who are foster brothers. Robert Blake plays as an arrogant officer named Patterson. "Money Train" not only received substandard and negative reviews, it was considered a "box office bomb". At the box office, the movie made only $9 million above its $68 million overall budget. It was released November 22, 1995.


title: Legally Blonde

paragraphs: Legally Blonde is a 2001 American comedy movie based on a novel. It stars Reese Witherspoon and Jennifer Coolidge and was released on July 13, 2001. The movie got a lot of good reviews and was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture: Musical or Comedy and is 29th on Bravo's 2007 list of "100 Funniest Movies". For her performance, Reese Witherspoon was nominated for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy and the 2002 MTV Movie Award for Best Female Performance. The movie made a lot of money at the box office, and it made almost $142 million worldwide (the budget was $18 million). The movie was later followed by two sequels and a stage play with the same name. It is set in Southern California and Cambridge, Massachusetts.


title: Alexander Gorsky

paragraphs: Alexander Gorsky (6 August 1871–1924) was a Russian ballet choreographer and a contemporary of Marius Petipa. He is known for restaging Petipa’s classical ballets such as "Swan Lake", "Don Quixote", and "The Nutcracker". Gorsky "sought greater naturalism, realism, and characterization" in ballet. He valued acting skills over "bravura" technique (a showy display of skills such as many turns or high jumps.) His interpretations of ballets were often controversial and he often used artists outside the dance world to create sets and costumes. Gorsky gave continuity to the plots of Petipa’s ballets and removed excessive choreography that did not relate to the story.


title: Box Office Mojo

paragraphs: The Box Office Mojo is a website based company which tracks the box office revenues in systematic and algorithmic style. The network was begun in 1999 and was purchased by Amazon.com in July 2008 by Amazon subsidiary Internet Movie Database.


title: William Smith (geologist)

paragraphs: William 'Strata' Smith (23 March 1769 – 28 August 1839) was an English geologist, who created the first nationwide geological map.

paragraphs: Like another great scientist of his time, Michael Faraday, he was the son of a blacksmith. His geological discoveries were made when, as a young man, he was a surveyor, and so travelled the country. Smith's greatest discovery was that sedimentary rocks of a similar age held fossils of a similar type. So he could identify them when they were at the surface in different parts of the country.

paragraphs: Smith put together the historical geology of Britain (England and Wales) and southern Scotland into a single record. At the time his map was published he was almost unknown to the scientific community. His humble family and education meant he did not mix easily in learned society. His work was plagiarised, he was financially ruined, and he spent time in debtors' prison. It was only later in his life that Smith got recognition for what he had done.

paragraphs: In 1799 Smith produced the first large scale geologic map of the area around Bath, Somerset. Before, he only knew how to draw the vertical extent of the rocks, but not how to display them horizontally. Then, in the Somerset County Agricultural Society, he found a map showing the types of soil and vegetation around Bath and their geographical extent. The different types were coloured. Using this technique, Smith could draw a geological map from his observations showing the outcrops of the rocks. He took a few rock types, each with its own colour. Then he estimated the boundaries of each of the outcrops of rock, filled them in with colour and ended up with a crude geological map.

paragraphs: In 1801, he drew a rough sketch of what would become "The map that changed the world".

paragraphs: In 1815 he published the first geological map of Britain. Conventional symbols were used to mark canals, tunnels, tramways and roads, collieries, lead, copper and tin mines, together with salt and alum works. The various geological types were indicated by different colours; the maps were hand coloured. The map is remarkably similar to modern geological maps of England. He also published his "Delineation of the strata of England" in the same year. In another of his books "Strata identified by organized fossils" (London 1816–1819) he recognised that strata contained distinct fossils. These fossil assemblages could be used to match rocks between regions. This marks Smith as an important figure in the history of stratigraphy.

paragraphs: In 1817 he drew a remarkable geological vertical section from Snowdon to London. Unfortunately, his maps were soon copied (plagiarised) and sold for prices lower than he was asking. He went into debt and finally became bankrupt.

paragraphs: On 31 August 1819 Smith was released from King's Bench Prison in London, a debtor's prison. He returned to his home at 15 Buckingham Street to find a bailiff at the door and his home and property seized. Smith again worked as an travelling surveyor for years. One of his employers, Sir John Johnstone, recognised him and took steps to get him the respect he deserved. Between 1824 and 1826 he lived and worked in Scarborough. There he was responsible for the building of the Rotunda, a geological museum devoted to the Yorkshire coast. The Rotunda was re-opened as 'Rotunda – The William Smith Museum of Geology', on 9 May 2008.


title: Mukeshpuri

paragraphs: Mukeshpuri is the highest mountain in the Nathiagali Hills. It is high. It is in the Abbottabad District, Pakistan. Islamabad is south of Mukeshpuri.

paragraphs: Mukeshpuri is a Sanskrit word. It means "place of quietness". The Jhelum River can be seen from the top of the mountain.


title: Cybele

paragraphs: In Anatolian mythology, Cybele was the personification of the earth. She was the goddess of nature, fertility, mountains, and wild animals. She is often represented sitting on a throne, flanked by two lions, and wearing a mural crown. In Phrygian myth, she was born a hermaphroditic being named Agdistis, a child of Zeus and Gaia. Cybele had a shepherd consort named Attis, and a priesthood of eunuchs called the Galli. Her cult was adopted by the Greeks and later by the Romans.

paragraphs: Zeus let fall in his sleep seed upon the Earth, which in course of time gave birth to an androgynous being, born both male and female, whom they called Agdistis. But the gods, fearing Agdistis, cut off the male organ. The blood fertilized the soil and there grew up from it an almond-tree. A daughter of the river Sangarius picked an almond and laid it in her bosom, where the almond disappeared. She then had a child, a baby boy named Attis.

paragraphs: Her orgiastic cult dominated the central and north-western districts of Asia Minor, and was introduced into Greece via the island of Samothrake and the Boiotian town of Thebes. Cybele was closely associated with a number of Greek goddesses, firstly Rhea, the Greek mother of the gods (Meter Theon), but sometimes also Demeter (especially in the Samothrakian cult), Aphrodite (on Mount Ida) and Artemis (in Karia). Her main cult followers were the Galli, these were eunuch priests of a feminine nature, who celebrated her festivals with wild dancing, self-laceration, and self-scourging.


title: Nishinoomote, Kagoshima

paragraphs: The city was established on 1 October 1958.


title: Attis

paragraphs: In Anatolian mythology, Attis was the eunuch consort of the goddess Cybele. He was the son of Nana, the daughter of the river god Sangarius. Attis died after being castrated and was resurrected by Cybele. He was a god of vegetation and represented the fruits of the earth, which died in winter and grew back again in the spring. He is often shown wearing a Phrygian cap on his head. The cult of Cybele and Attis was adopted by the Greeks and later by the Romans.


title: Agdistis

paragraphs: In Anatolian, Greek and Roman mythology, Agdistis was a hermaphroditic being, and symbolized the wild and uncontrolled powers of nature. She is the personification of a mountain of the same name in Phrygia.

paragraphs: She was born after Zeus accidentally impregnated the earth goddess Gaia. The gods feared Agdistis because she held all the powers of creation within her body. Dionysus tricked her into castrating herself, and from then on she was known as the goddess Cybele. The blood from her severed gentials fertilized the earth, and from that spot an almond tree grew. One day the nymph Nana picked an almond from the tree, and held it against her chest, the almond vanished and she became pregnant with Attis.

paragraphs: Some ancient writers say Agdistis is the same as Cybele, and worshiped under that name. In many ancient inscriptions, Agdistis is clearly separate from Cybele, but in many others she is listed as an epithet of Cybele. Although primarily an Anatolian goddess, the cult of Agdistis covered a lot of territory. By 250 BC it had spread to Egypt, and later to Attica, Rhamnus around 80 BC (where there was a sanctuary of Agdistis), and later in Lesbos and Panticapeum.


title: Galli

paragraphs: The Galli (singular: Gallus) were eunuch priests of the goddess Cybele or Agdistis. They were temple attendants sometimes wandering the streets begging for charity, and in return they told people's fortunes. The Galli wore feminine clothing and grew their hair long, wearing earrings, necklaces, and heavy make-up. At festivals to Cybele and Attis they danced around wildly to loud music and whipped themselves until they bled. The newcomers to the priesthood would voluntarily castrate themselves.

paragraphs: In Rome, the head of the galli was known as the Archigallus. A number of archaeological finds depict the Archigallus wearing luxurious and extravagant costumes. The Archigallus was always a Roman citizen chosen by Rome's college of priests, and the term of service lasted for life. Along with the institution of the Archigallus came the Phrygianum sanctuary and the rite of the taurobolium, two aspects of the Cybele cult which the Archigallus had responsibility, as well as presiding over the Galli priests.


title: Demchok

paragraphs: Demchok or "New Demchok" is a small village and military encampment in the Indian-administered part of the disputed Demchok sector south of Aksai Chin, in the Ladakh district of Kashmir. The Line of Actual Control (LAC) passes along the southeast side of the village, following a wadi just upstream from the nearby Indus River. Across the wadi, less than a kilometer away, is the Chinese-administered village, called Dêmqog, in the Ngari Prefecture within Tibet. This village was on an old route linking Ladakh and Tibet, currently closed. The village lies 36.5 km east of Ukdungle.

paragraphs: Though the Kailash Mansarovar is 300 km away, the route there is mostly through plains and there is demand to improve and open a road linking China and Northern Pakistan through Demchok. Islamabad says that this is part of China, however India rejects this and claims the territory to be part of New Delhi's administration.


title: Carabiniers of Chile

paragraphs: The Carabiniers of Chile, () are the uniformed Chilean national police force and gendarmerie. This institution was created and founded on April 27, 1927. Their main mission is to keep the public order according with the Chilean laws. Since 2011, the institution is under the full control of the Ministry of the Interior and Public Security.

paragraphs: In coordination of this institution, the Investigations Police of Chile works also under the control of the Ministry of the Interior and Public Security.


title: Lucius Tarquinius Superbus

paragraphs: Lucius Tarquinius Superbus (Tarquin the Proud) was the seventh and last legendary king of ancient Rome. He ruled Rome from 534–510 BC. Many of the stories about him are legends, and are based on earlier Greek and Babylonian stories.

paragraphs: He used force to become king. He changed the constitution of the Roman Kingdom to give himself complete power and used violence to rule. Many members of the Senate were killed and not replaced. He built large monuments, including a fortified temple. He and his family were forced to leave Rome after a revolt by the people. His son Sextus Tarquinius had raped Lucretia, a married noblewoman. Tarquinius Superbus died in Cumae.


title: Columbo

paragraphs: Columbo is one of the most popular American crime fiction television series, starring Peter Falk as Columbo. From February 20, 1968 – January 30, 2003, a total of 69 episodes were made.

paragraphs: The show is set in Los Angeles, California. It is done in inverted detective story format; first showing the murderer committing the crime, then Columbo entering the story without knowing who is the murderer, but ending up catching the murderer with the evidences found. Each episode featured a guest star playing the murderer.

paragraphs: A complete series was released on Blu-ray Only in Japan.


title: Investigations Police of Chile

paragraphs: The Investigations Police of Chile (, or PDI) is the civil police of Chile. It was founded on 1933. The PDI is one of two Chilean police bodies along with Carabiniers de Chile. In their functions, this institution is the first collaborator of the Public Ministry of Chile in terms of criminalistic Investigations.


title: Chilean Gendarmerie

paragraphs: The Chilean Gendarmerie, (, abbreviated to "GENCHI") is the title of Chile's uniformed national prison service. The service evolved out of Chilean Army units which were given police and prison duties. It is an armed service responsible to the Ministry of Justice. In the actuality, the service is currently led by the General Director of the Gendarmerie Mr. Luis Masferrer Farías, a lawyer appointed to this role by the Chilean president in 2010.


title: Erin Andrews

paragraphs: Erin Jill Andrews (born May 4, 1978, Lewiston, Maine) is an American sportscaster. She works for FOX Sports. Andrews was a correspondent on Good Morning America. She was best known working for ESPN. Before working for ESPN, she was a TV studio host and sideline reporter for the following teams: Tampa Bay Lightning, Atlanta Braves, Atlanta Hawks, and Atlanta Thrashers reporting for "TBS College Football". Andrews did sideline reporting for ABC and ESPN's coverage of college football, the National Hockey League, college basketball, college baseball, the Little League World Series, and Major League Baseball. In July of 2012, Andrews joined FOX Sports as a field reporter for the 2012 All-Star Game. She is a studio host for "Fox College Football". She also is a feature reporter for "Fox NFL Sunday" and will join Pam Oliver on the sidelines for the "Thanksgiving Classic" and NFC Playoffs.


title: Gokishichidō

paragraphs: The Gokishichidō counted the five provinces in the or capital area as one region. In addition, there were seven in an organizational system which was imported from China in the 7th century. Each of the "circuits" or "do" was a region which had several provinces within it.

paragraphs: Over centuries, the government functions of the Gokishichido became less important. However, the traditional remained cultural markers.

paragraphs: Under the Gokishichido system, the central provinces were considered to be a core region. These lands are called the Kansai region or Kinki or Kinai. The five provinces included:

paragraphs: Under the Gokishichido system, there were seven roads which connected the imperial capital with all of the provincial capitals. The land around each of the roads was called by the same name as the road, including


title: Good Morning America

paragraphs: Good Morning America is an American breakfast television program hosted through the American Broadcasting Company. The show began on November 3, 1975 and airs between 7am and 9am over all Time Zones in the United States and Canada, and one hour on weekends (beginning in 2004). The show is about news, talk, weather and special interest subjects. "GMA" is produced through ABC News and broadcasted across the Times Square area of New York City.

paragraphs: The show is currently hosted by George Stephanopoulos, Robin Roberts, Michael Strahan, Keke Palmer and Lara Spencer. Amy Robach reads the news while Ginger Zee does the weather. Earlier hosts include Diane Sawyer and Charles Gibson.


title: Biological species concept

paragraphs: The biological species concept gives an explanation of how species form (speciation). A biological species is a group of individuals that can breed together (panmixia). However, they cannot breed with other groups. In other words, the group is reproductively isolated from other groups.

paragraphs: According to Ernst Mayr, a new species forms when an existing species splits. A similar idea had been suggested in the 19th century by Moritz Wagner. Dobzhansky described the role of reproductive isolation in the formation of new species. Once a species lives in two different areas, the geographical isolation makes breeding between the groups reduce or stop. Each group develops features which make breeding between them work less well. Eventually, each group becomes a 'good' biological species, because the two species do not reproduce with each other even when they are together.

paragraphs: This is still considered the most common reason for species splitting, and has the technical name of allopatric speciation. It is contrasted with sympatric speciation where speciation takes place even though all the members live in the same area.

paragraphs: The biological species is the main reason for classifying living things, but applying it in practice is not easy. Good examples of this are the following:

paragraphs: What this is saying is that, in practice, the biological species concept is not sufficient by itself to decide on the classification of animals.

paragraphs: In 1686 John Ray introduced a non-evolutionary biological concept. To him, species were distinguished by always producing the same species, and this was fixed and permanent, though considerable variation was possible within a species.

paragraphs: The idea of a species as a physical type of organism had a long history. This survives as the concept of a type specimen in taxonomy. It was the way Linnaeus worked in his binomial classification, and is still useful for amateur naturalists today.

paragraphs: In the "Origin", Charles Darwin said that species were labels which experts gave on the basis of their observations.

paragraphs: But twenty years before, he had a much better idea. He thought of species as maintained by reproductive isolation. He even says "Hence species may be good ones and differ scarcely at all in any external character". Here he quotes the two sibling species of leaf warbler discovered in England by Gilbert White in 1768. At this early stage in his career, Darwin came very close to the modern biological species concept.

paragraphs: In the last 70 years two ideas have dominated the way professional biologists think about species.

paragraphs: The first is the population genetics concept. This is where a species is seen as a group which can mate together even though they are all to some extent different. It amounts to saying that a species is a gene pool.

paragraphs: The second is the use of DNA sequence analysis to show whether similar-looking species are genetically different from each other. This is especially useful when it is not practical to do breeding experiments.

paragraphs: Sibling species are often called cryptic (hidden) species because their differences can only be seen by analysing their DNA. They are very common in the marine environment.

paragraphs: Many cryptic species exist in all habitats. In the marine bryozoan "Celleporella hyalina", DNA sequence analysis was used to show that more than ten ecologically distinct species that had been diverging for many millions of years.

paragraphs: Evidence from the identification of cryptic species means that older estimates of global species richness are too low. For example, mitochondrial DNA research suggests there are at least 11 genetically distinct populations of giraffes. Similarly, the Amazonian frog "Eleutherodactylus ockendeni" is at least three different species which diverged over 5 million years ago.


title: Kyushu-Palau Ridge

paragraphs: Kyushu-Palau Ridge (KPR) is an ocean floor feature in the Philippine Sea. It is named after the nearby islands. At the northern end is the Japanese island of Kyushu. At the southern end is the Pacific island nation of Palau.

paragraphs: The seabed ridge begins in an area about 900 km from the eastern end of the or ""Bungo" strait" between the Japanese islands of Kyushu and Shikoku. The ridge creates a line on the ocean floor which runs southeast in the direction of the island of Palau. There is a chain of extinct volcanos on this line.

paragraphs: KPR is southeast of the Japanese island of Kyushu.

paragraphs: KPR was created by movement at the northern edges of the Philippine Plate.


title: Seamount

paragraphs: A seamount is a mountain rising from the ocean sea floor. It does not reach to the water's surface (sea level), and so is not an island. These are usually formed from submarine volcanoes. They are usually 1,000–4,000 metres (3,000–13,000 ft) in height from the sea floor.

paragraphs: The peaks are often found hundreds to thousands of metres below the surface, and so are in the deep sea. There are an estimated 100,000 seamounts around the globe, but only a few have been studied. Seamounts come in all shapes and sizes, and follow a distinctive pattern of growth, activity, and death. In recent years, several active seamounts have been observed, for example Loihi seamount in the Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain.

paragraphs: Seamounts are one of the most common oceanic ecosystems in the world. Interactions between seamounts and underwater currents, and their raised position in the water, attract plankton, corals, fish, and cetacea alike. Their effect has been noted by the commercial fishing industry, and many seamounts support extensive fisheries. There are concerns about the effect of fishing on seamount ecosystems. There are well-documented cases of stock decline. 95% of ecological damage is done by bottom trawling, which literally scrapes whole ecosystems off seamounts.

paragraphs: Most seamounts are not yet to be studied, or even mapped. Bathymetry and satellite altimetry are two technologies used to collect data. There have been instances where naval vessels have collided with uncharted seamounts; for example, Muirfield seamount is named after the ship that struck it in 1973. However, the greatest danger from seamounts are flank collapses. As they get older, water pressure pushes water into their sides, causing landslides that may cause massive tsunamis.


title: Hazelnut

paragraphs: Hazelnut are nuts of hazel; they are also called cob nuts and filbert nuts. Filbert nuts are more elongated (twice as long as they are round). These nuts fall from their husks when ripe (that is, seven to eight months past pollination). Hazelnuts are oftentimes used as livestock feed or ground into paste. Hazelnut is produced especially in Greece, Turkey, Italy and the American States Washington and Oregon. Hazelnuts are also used alongside chocolate for chocolate truffles. Moreover, hazelnut are rich in proteins and unsaturated fats.


title: Circuit

paragraphs:
In electrical engineering
In government and law


title: Sibling species

paragraphs: Sibling species are species which look alike, but cannot breed with each other.

paragraphs: The classic case is "Drosophila pseudoobscura" and "D. persimilis". They are almost identical, but if flies from one species are put with flies from the other species, they do not interbreed. Another example was the European mosquito known as "Anopheles maculipennis". This turned out to be a cluster of six different species, some of which transmit malaria, and some do not.


title: Sherilyn Fenn

paragraphs: Sheryl Ann "Sherilyn" Fenn (born February 1, 1965, Detroit) is an American actress. She has acted in many television programs and movies throughout her acting career. She was married to actor Johnny Depp for a brief time period.


title: Circuit (political division)

paragraphs: A circuit (道 ; Chinese: dào; Japanese: dō) was an historical political division of T'ang China and Japan and Korea. In Korean, the same word (; do) is translated as "province".

paragraphs: Emperor Taizong divided China into parts which were called "circuits".

paragraphs: The organization of government and geography in T'ang China were merged in provinces ("tao" ) which were ten natural regions. In part, Tang history is about the changing balance between the provinces and a strong central government.

paragraphs: During the pre-modern era, Japan was divided into a central region and seven provincial regions or "circuits", including

paragraphs: In the mid-19th century, the northern island of Ezo was settled, and renamed .

paragraphs: Hokkaido did not develop as a "circuit" in the traditional way. It became a prefecture. It had a name which was different from the other prefectures because of the suffix "-dō".

paragraphs: After the late-10th century, the province ("do") was the main subdivision of Korea.


title: Saikaidō

paragraphs: "Saikaidō" was one of the main circuits of the "Gokishichidō" system. It was first established during the Asuka period. Over centuries, the government functions of the "Gokishichido" became less important. However, the traditional eight regions, including "Saikaidō", remained cultural markers.

paragraphs: The "Saikaidō" road connected the capitals of the provinces in this region.

paragraphs: "Saikaidō" is the geographic region of Kyūshū. Tsushima Island and Iki Province were also part of the region.

paragraphs: "Saikaidō" has nine ancient provinces and two islands, including

paragraphs: Historic earthquakes are named "Saikaidō" when the main damage was in the Kyūshū region. Often quakes are called by the Japanese era name along with region location such as "Saikaido".


title: Document Object Model

paragraphs: The Document Object Model (DOM) is a representation of an HTML website's properties. By using DOM, an HTML page can be modified (elements of it can be removed, changed, or new elements can be added).


title: Nankaidō

paragraphs: The is a Japanese term for both an ancient division of the country and the main road running through the region.

paragraphs: "Nankaidō" was one of the main circuits of the Gokishichidō system. It was first established during the Asuka period. Over centuries, the government functions of the "Gokishichido" became less important. However, the traditional eight regions, including "Nankaidō", remained cultural markers.

paragraphs: The "Nankaidō" road connected the capitals of the provinces in this region.

paragraphs: "Nankaidō" is the geographic region of Shikoku. Awaji Island was also part of the region.

paragraphs: "Nankaidō" has parts of six ancient provinces and one island, including:

paragraphs: Some geological features, such as the undersea Nankai Trough, have been named for the region.

paragraphs: Many historic earthquakes have the name ""Nankai"" or ""Nankaido"". Major earthquakes are named with the Japanese era name and the location such as "Nankaido".


title: Cathedral of the Most Holy Conception, Chile

paragraphs: The Cathedral of the Most Holy Conception () is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Concepción, Chile.


title: Bring It On

paragraphs: Bring It On is a 2000 American teen comedy movie that stars Kirsten Dunst and Eliza Dushku. It is about cheerleader groups competing against each other in high schools in California. "Bring It On" got mixed critic reviews, though it took in over $90 million in box office revenue. It was released in America on August 25, 2000.


title: Carrie (1976 movie)

paragraphs: Carrie is a 1976 American supernatural horror movie. It was directed by Brian De Palma and written by Lawrence D. Cohen. It is based on a novel of the same name by Stephen King. The film stars Sissy Spacek as 17-18 year old Carrie White. She is shy and is victimized by her controlling religious mother, played by Piper Laurie, as well as by several of her high school classmates. However, she has telekinetic powers which she uses to take revenge on the people who deliberately cause her suffering. Nancy Allen, Amy Irving, William Katt and John Travolta play some of her classmates. Carrie was emotionally and verbally abused by some girls who are her classmates.

paragraphs: It was followed by a 1999 sequel, "". It was remade in 2002 and 2013.


title: Don't Look Now

paragraphs: Don't Look Now is a 1973 Anglo-Italian thriller movie directed by Nicolas Roeg. It stars Julie Christie and Donald Sutherland as a married couple from Hertfordshire who go to Venice, Italy after the accidental death of their daughter. It is based on a short story by Daphne du Maurier.


title: Yellow-backed duiker

paragraphs: The yellow-backed duiker ("Cephalophus silvicultor") is a small antelope.

paragraphs: It lives in the dense tropical forests of central Africa. Duikers can grow up to 3 feet in height and weigh up to 175 lbs. They live 10 to 15 years in captivity. A typical yellow-backed duiker's diet consists of bark, shoots, buds, seeds, fruits, fungi, herbs and some small animals.


title: Grey crowned crane

paragraphs: The grey crowned crane or East African crowned crane ("Balearica regulorum") is a waterfowl species which lives in wetter areas of eastern and southern Africa. They grow up to 3.5 feet and weigh over 8 pounds. The East African crowned crane can live up to 25 years in captivity. They eat a variety of grasses, seeds, insects, and other small animals.


title: Marwar

paragraphs: Jodhpur state was a former princely state now in Rajasthan in India. The region was earlier called Marwar meaning 'the land of death' due to its severe famines and harsh conditions of living. Maharaja Umaid Singhji got Umaid Bhawan Palace built in Jodhpur at the time of famine so as to provide employment to public.

paragraphs: Its ruler, the Maharaja of Jodhpur, expressed a wish to join Pakistan but Lord Mountbatten warned him that his subjects were mostly Hindus and his accession to Pakistan would create problems. As a result Jodhpur, too, acceded to India.


title: Kapurthala (princely state)

paragraphs: Kapurthala State ( (Gurmukhi), کپورتھلہ (Shahmukhi), कपूरथला (Devanagari)), with its capital at Kapurthala, was a princely state in East Punjab. It was spread across .


title: Daniel McKeague

paragraphs: Daniel McKeague (born 1974) is an American actor, voice actor, comedian, and TV advertising sales manager. He is best known as the new voice of the Aflac mascot, a duck. On April 26, 2011, it was announced that McKeague would replace Gilbert Gottfried as the duck's voice. Gottfried had been fired because of making a joke on the earthquake and tsunami in Japan.

paragraphs: McKeague was born and raised in Hugo, Minnesota in 1974.

paragraphs: Originally a salesman, McKeague was hired by Aflac as the new voice of the Aflac Duck on April 26, 2011 after original actor Gilbert Gottfried (whom McKeague was able to impersonate) was fired.

paragraphs: On May 1, 2011, the first Aflac commercial with McKeague voicing the duck was released.


title: Gilbert Gottfried

paragraphs: Gilbert Gottfried (born February 28, 1955) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, voice actor, and comedian. He was the voice of Iago in the movie "Aladdin" and the TV show based on the first movie. He was originally the voice of the Aflac Duck, but he was dismissed on March 14, 2011 and he was replaced by Daniel McKeague on April 26, 2011.

paragraphs: Gottfried was born and raised in Brooklyn, New York on February 28, 1955, the youngest of 3 kids.


title: Cooch Behar (princely state)

paragraphs: Cooch Behar (1586—1949; also spelled Koch Bihar) was a small kingdom located south of the Himalayan kingdom of Bhutan, west of the upper Brahmaputra valley Ahom Kingdom, and north-east of the Ganges plain and Bengal.

paragraphs: Until 1949, Cooch Behar was a princely state subject to British rule. In 1949, it was merged with India; now free from the British. It later became a part of West Bengal. However, if Cooch Behar had become part of East Pakistan, then India would not have had as much land access towards the north-east. Also the former East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) would have land borders with Nepal, Bhutan and Sikkim.


title: Tripura (princely state)

paragraphs: Twipra Kingdom was the ancient kingdom of the Tripuri people of the Bodo-Kachari ethnicity. It is now the state of Tripura in the northeastern region of India. It had a chronicle of 186 kings till the present king (Maharaja Pradyot Kishore Manikya, better known as Kirit Pradyot Deb Burman).


title: Don Freund

paragraphs: Don Freund (born 1947, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is an American music writer and Professor of Composition at the Indiana University Jacobs School of Music. His over 100 works include individual music and large theater works.

paragraphs: He has many famous awards for his work, including a Guggenheim Fellowship and allowances from the National Endowment for the Arts.


title: Nham Biền

paragraphs: Nham Biền is a township ("Thị trấn") and town and capital of Yên Dũng District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.


title: Planning

paragraphs: Planning is the way most organizations work to do big projects. It is thinking about what needs to happen, and then making a detailed plan.

paragraphs: All humans plan to some extent: it is a fundamental property of intelligent behaviour. In big organisations and government planning is a main activity. It combines forecasting developments with scenarios of how to react to them.

paragraphs: Forecasting is predicting what the future will look like, whereas planning predicts what the future "should" look like.

paragraphs: The "nuts and bolts" of planning are the documents, diagrams, and meetings, the objectives and the strategy to be followed. Beyond this, planning has a different meaning depending on the context in which it is used.

paragraphs: The counterpart to planning is self-organization, when order emerges spontaneously out of seeming chaos.


title: John Hickenlooper

paragraphs: John Wright Hickenlooper (born February 7, 1952) is an American politician. He was the 42nd Governor of Colorado from January 11, 2011 to January 8, 2019. Hickenlooper is a Democrat. He was the mayor of Denver, Colorado from 2003 to 2011.

paragraphs: Hickenlooper announced his candidacy for President of the United States on March 4, 2019. He ended his campaign on August 15, 2019. A few days later, he announced his candidacy for the United States Senate challenging incumbent Senator Cory Gardner. In June 2020, he won the Democratic nomination for the U.S. Senate race.

paragraphs: Hickenlooper was born in Narberth, Pennsylvania. He was raised by his mother after his father died young. He is a graduate of Wesleyan University. At Wesleyan, he earned a B.A. in English in 1974 and a master’s degree in geology in 1980.

paragraphs: Before becoming mayor in July 2003, he was a geologist and then a businessperson. Hickenlooper owned several restaurants in the late 1980s. He was one of the founders of the original Wynkoop Brewing Company brewpub.

paragraphs: Hickenlooper has wanted more homeless services since becoming mayor in 2003. He talked about his "10 year plan to end homelessness" at the U.S. Conference of Mayors in Washington, D.C..

paragraphs: In 2006, Denver became the first major American city to make legal the private use of marijuana by people over age 21. Hickenlooper was against the marijuana legalization initiative. When the voters approved it 53.49%-46.51%, he said that the vote "reflect[s] a genuine shift in people's attitudes." Currently the Denver Police say the initiative does not overrule the state law, the Colorado Revised Statutes (CRS). Hickenlooper agrees with the Denver Police. The CRS currently treats marijuana possession much like driving faster than the speed limit. The penalty is fines of up to $100 and no jail time.

paragraphs: Hickenlooper formally announced his candidacy for President of the United States on March 4, 2019. Before announcing his campaign, Hickenlooper was widely seen as a possible candidate for President in 2020. Hickenlooper formally launched his campaign on March 7, 2019 in Denver. After failing to obtain over 1% in polls, Hickenlooper dropped out of the race on August 15, 2019.

paragraphs: In August 2019, it was revealed that Hickenlooper ended his presidential bid to run for the United States Senate in 2020 against incumbent Senator Cory Gardner. In a poll for potential Democratic candidates for the Colorado Senate, Hickenlooper was the front-runner with 61%. On August 22, 2019, Hickenlooper announced his candidacy for the Senate. In June 2020, he won the Democratic nomination.

paragraphs: Hickenlooper's wife, Helen Thorpe, is a writer. Her work has been published in "The New Yorker", "New York Times Magazine", "George", and "Texas Monthly". They currently live in Denver's Park Hill neighborhood with their son, Teddy. Hickenlooper told the "Philadelphia Inquirer" that he and Thorpe attend Quaker meetings and try to live by Quaker values.


title: Dorf an der Pram

paragraphs: Dorf an der Pram is a municipality in the district of Schärding in the Austrian state of Upper Austria.

paragraphs: Dorf an der Pram lies in the Innviertel. About 8 percent of the municipality is forest, and 80 percent is farmland.


title: Gradualism

paragraphs: Gradualism is a process of change by gradual, slow stages. In politics, it is the opposite of revolutions and rapid change. "Gradualism is... sometimes associated with social democracy".

paragraphs: In geology it is in tune with uniformitarianism, and against catastrophism. In biology it is in tune with Darwinian ideas of slowly changing species as opposed to big, rapid changes

paragraphs: Gradualism is one of the defining features of political liberalism and reformism. It is against abrupt strokes such as revolutions or uprisings. Instead, change ought to be brought about in small, discrete steps.

paragraphs: Martin Luther King, Jr. was opposed to the idea of gradualism as a method of eliminating segregation. The government wanted to try to integrate African-Americans and European-Americans slowly into the same society, but many believed it was a way for the government to put off actually doing anything about racial segregation:

paragraphs: This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism. Now is the time to make real the promises of democracy.— Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" speech, delivered August 28, 1963 at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington DC

paragraphs: Charles Lindblom was an influential professor and author who believed in muddling through ("incrementalism") as the right way to go. He pointed out the connexions between the political system, the market-place and democratic freedom.

paragraphs: In the natural sciences, gradualism is a theory that profound change is the product of slow but continuous processes. It is often contrasted with catastrophism. Gradualism was proposed in 1795 by James Hutton to explain geology, and was later was the basis for Charles Lyell's "Principles of Geology". William Whewell called the idea 'uniformitarianism'. It formed the basis of early evolutionary theory.

paragraphs: Charles Darwin was influenced by Lyell's "Principles of Geology". Everything we see from the past is explained by processes we can see going on today. The present is key to the past. So Darwin thought evolutionary must occur gradually, not in jumps ('saltations'), since we do not see big changes going on today. Extreme and rapid changes in an organism would be most likely to be fatal. It is almost universally agreed that complex organs such as the eye must have evolved by many small steps rather than by one or two mutations.

paragraphs: "Phyletic gradualism" is a term coined by Stephen Jay Gould and Niles Eldredge to contrast with their model of punctuated equilibrium. They proposed that most evolution is marked by long periods of evolutionary stability or stasis, punctuated by rare instances of branching evolution. Their idea is less accepted today.


title: Ernst Kummer

paragraphs: Ernst Eduard Kummer (born 29 January 1810, Sorau, Brandenburg; died 14 May 1893 Berlin) was a German mathematician. At first he was a school teacher, teaching in a German high school gymnasium, where he inspired the Leopold Kronecker to become a mathematician. He became professor of mathematics in Breslau and then in Berlin. He is famous for several mathematical discoveries, including his work on number fields. Several mathematical ideas are named after him.


title: Leopold Kronecker

paragraphs: Leopold Kronecker (7 December 1823 Liegnitz, Prussia - 29 December 1891) was a German mathematician of Jewish descent.

paragraphs: At first he was a business man and earned a lot of money. Then he devoted himself to mathematics. He is famous for his work on number theory and algebra. He criticized Cantor's work on set theory. He was a pupil and lifelong friend of Ernst Kummer.


title: French Academy of Sciences

paragraphs: The French Academy of Sciences ("French": Académie des sciences) is a learned society, founded in 1666 by Louis XIV. Its aim was to encourage and protect the spirit of French scientific research. It was involved with many of the important scientific developments in Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries.

paragraphs: It is one of the earliest academies of sciences.

paragraphs: Here are some incomplete lists of the officers of the Academy.


title: Búri

paragraphs: Búri was the first Norse god. He became the father of the other gods. He was married to Hárm. He ruled prehistory. He gave birth to the Nephaeleus. His reign ended when Thor and Loki were born.

paragraphs: Búri was born when the Divine Cow, Audhumla, licked him out of his icy prison. In his life, Búri lived alongside the ice giant Ymir. Ymir was also released from ice in a similar way.


title: Comparison of regions of Japan

paragraphs: The Comparison of regions of Japan highlights differences and similarities. The regions of Japan are a fusion of historical divisions and modern administrative needs".

paragraphs: The geography and administrative subdivisions of Japan have evolved and changed during the course of its history. Since the late-7th century, the regions of Japan have been grouped according to geographic position.

paragraphs: In the Meiji period, the modern regional system was made by Imperial decree. Japan was divided into regions ("chihō"). A regional council ("chihō gyōsei kyōgisai") was headed by the governor of the most powerful prefecture in the regional grouping. The council also included regional chiefs of central government ministries.

paragraphs: In this time, political development is marked by persistent loyalty to region and locality.

paragraphs: The Kansai region is used as a basic framework for description and comparison.

paragraphs: Since the late-7th century, the "Kinai" region, also known as "Go-Kinai", included the "Five Home Provinces" which surrounded the old capital city of Kyoto. In 645, "Kinai" was created as part of the Taika Reform. These lands are also called the Kansai region or Kinki.

paragraphs: The Kantō region is used as a basic framework for description and comparison.

paragraphs: Since the late-7th century, the "Tōkaidō" region or "Eastern Sea Circuit" was made up of 15 provinces on the Pacific Ocean from Sendai Bay to "Kinai". Fuji-san, Tokyo, Yokohama, and other important or well-known places are in this region. "Tōkaidō" also names a road which connects the provincial capitals of this region on the island of Honshū.

paragraphs: The Tōhoku region is used as a basic framework for description and comparison.

paragraphs: Since the late-7th century, the "Tōsandō" region or "Eastern Mountain Circuit" was made up of 13 provinces. "Tōsandō" also names a road which connects the provincial capitals of this region on the island of Honshū. "Tōsandō" included Musashi Province after 711.

paragraphs: The Chūbu region is used as a basic framework for description and comparison.

paragraphs: Since the late-7th century, the "Hokurikudō" region or the "Northern-land Circuit" was made up of 7 provinces on the Sea of Japan. "Hokurikudō" also names a road which connects the provincial capitals of this region on the island of Honshū.

paragraphs: The Chūgoku region is used as a basic framework for description and comparison.

paragraphs: Since the late-7th century, the "San'indō" region or "Mountain-shade Circuit" was made up of 8 provinces on the Sea of Japan. "San'indō" also names a road which connects the provincial capitals of this region on the island of Honshū.

paragraphs: Since the late-7th century, the "San'yōdō" region or "Mountain-sun Circuit" was made up of provinces on south or 'sunny' side of the mountains. "San'indō" also names a road which connects the 8 provincial capitals of this region on the island of Honshū.

paragraphs: The Shikoku region is used as a basic framework for description and comparison.

paragraphs: Since the late-7th century, the "Nankaidō" region or the "South-sea Circuit" made up of 6 provinces (the island of Awaji, the 4 provinces of Shikoku, and Kishiu on Honshū). "Nankaidō" also names a road which connects the provincial capitals of this region.

paragraphs: The Kyūshū region is used as a basic framework for description and comparison.

paragraphs: Since the late-7th century, the "Saikaidō" region or the "West-sea Circuit" was made up of the 9 provinces of the Kyūshū region. "Saikaidō" also names a road which connected the provincial capitals of this region.

paragraphs: After 1878, the region included the Ryukyu Islands.

paragraphs: The Hokkaidō region is used as a basic framework for description and comparison.

paragraphs: In the late 19th-century, the "Hokkaidō" region or "North Sea Circuit" was made up of the 10 provinces of Yezo. The Kurile Islands became an 11th northern province which was added in 1875.


title: Hokurikudō

paragraphs: "Hokurikudō" was one of the main circuits of the Gokishichidō system. It was first established during the Asuka period. Over centuries, the government functions of the "Gokishichido" became less important. However, the traditional eight regions, including "Hokurikudō", remained cultural markers.

paragraphs: The "Hokurikudō" road connected the capitals of the provinces in this region.

paragraphs: When the Gokishichidō system was initially established after the Taika reforms, the region consisted of just two provinces: Wakasa and Koshi. During the reign of Emperor Temmu, Koshi was divided into three provinces: Echizen, Etchū and Echigo and Sado Island was added as a fifth province. Later, Noto and Kaga were carved out of Echizen.

paragraphs: "Hokurikudō" has parts of seven ancient provinces.


title: Campagnola Cremasca

paragraphs: Campagnola Cremasca is a "comune" (township) in the Province of Cremona in the Italian region Lombardy, which is about 40 km east of Milan and about 40 km northwest of Cremona.

paragraphs: Campagnola Cremasca is on the edge of the following townships: Capralba, Casaletto Vaprio, Crema, Cremosano, Pianengo, Sergnano.


title: Comunes of the Province of Pavia

paragraphs: This is a list of the 190 comuni (townships) of the Province of Pavia, in Lombardy, Italy.


title: Alagna

paragraphs: Alagna is a "comune" (township) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy, which is about 40 km southwest of Milan and about 20 km west of Pavia. As of 31 December 2004, it had 876 people and an area of 8.6 km².

paragraphs: Alagna is on the edge of the following townships: Dorno, Garlasco, Tromello, Valeggio.


title: Mimi Rogers

paragraphs: Miriam "Mimi" Rogers (née Spickler; born January 27, 1956) is an American movie actress and poker player. She has been in many television programs, including the series "Dawson's Creek".


title: Albaredo Arnaboldi

paragraphs: Albaredo Arnaboldi is a "comune" (township) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy, which is about 40 km south of Milan and about 12 km southeast of Pavia. As of 31 December 2004, it had 200 people and an area of 9.2 km².

paragraphs: Albaredo Arnaboldi is on the edge of the following townships: Barbianello, Belgioioso, Broni, Campospinoso, Casanova Lonati, Linarolo, Mezzanino, San Cipriano Po.


title: Frascarolo

paragraphs: Frascarolo is a "comune" (township) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy, which is about 60 km southwest of Milan and about 40 km southwest of Pavia. As of 31 December 2004, it had 1,277 people and an area of 23.4 km².

paragraphs: Frascarolo is on the edge of the following townships: Bassignana, Gambarana, Mede, Suardi, Torre Beretti e Castellaro, Valenza.


title: Mortal Thoughts

paragraphs: Mortal Thoughts is a 1991 American mystery crime thriller movie which stars Demi Moore, Bruce Willis and Harvey Keitel. Willis plays a deranged and violent husband who is murdered one night; Moore plays Cynthia (who gets interrogated); Keitel plays a detective in this movie.


title: Maggie Gyllenhaal

paragraphs: Margaret Ruth "Maggie" Gyllenhaal is an American actress. She is the daughter of director Stephen Gyllenhaal and screenwriter Naomi Foner Gyllenhaal. She is the sister of actor Jake Gyllenhaal. Maggie got many awards for her 2002 movie "Secretary".

paragraphs: Maggie was born in New York City to Stephen and Naomi Foner Gyllenhaal. Her parents, who married in 1977, filed for divorce in October 2008. Her father is director Stephen Gyllenhaal, who was raised as a Swedenborgian, is of Swedish, French, German, Swiss, Welsh and English descent, and is a descendant of the Swedish noble Gyllenhaal family. Jake's last ancestor to be born in Sweden was his great-great-grandfather, Anders Leonard Gyllenhaal. Her mother is Jewish; she was born in New York City, to a family from Russia, Latvia and Poland.

paragraphs: Gyllenhaal grew up in Los Angeles. She studied at the Harvard-Westlake School prep school. In 1995, she went to New York to attend Columbia University. Here, she studied literature and Eastern religions. She graduated in 1999. Hence, she got a Bachelor of Arts degree.


title: The Battle for Wesnoth

paragraphs: The Battle for Wesnoth (or just Wesnoth) is a strategy video game. It is designed by David White and the first released was made in June 2003.

paragraphs: The game is available under the GPL license. The 1.14.5 version is the last release and was made the 18 September 2018.

paragraphs: The game is programmed in C++. It is cross-platform and runs on AmigaOS 4, BeOS, FreeBSD, Linux, Mac OS X, Microsoft Windows, MorphOS, NetBSD, OpenBSD, RISC OS, iOS, Solaris and Android.

paragraphs: The project has a very big community and counts many contributors too. Some developers are well-known authors of other free and open-source projects. For example, there are Eric S. Raymond or Rusty Russell.

paragraphs: The game is translated in more than 50 languages. In 10 of them, the game is very well translated (These languages have more than 95% of messages translated).


title: Vigevano

paragraphs: Vigevano (Avgevan in the local variety of Western Lombard) is a town and "comune" (township) in the province of Pavia, Lombardy, northern Italy, which has many treasures and a huge industrial business. It is in the middle of a district called Lomellina, a great rice-growing centre. Vigevano received the honorary title of city with a declaration of Duke Francis II Sforza on February 2, 1532. Vigevano is well known for its beautiful Renaissance ""Piazza Ducale"", in the middle of the town.

paragraphs: Vigevano dates back to the 10th century AD, when it was one of Lombard king Arduin's favourite places because of the good hunting.

paragraphs: Vigevano was a Ghibelline township, favoring the Emperor and was therefore invaded and taken by the Milanese in 1201 and again in 1275. In 1328 it finally gave itself up to Azzone Visconti, after which it shared the fortunes of Milan. The Church of S. Pietro Martire (St. Peter Martyr) was built, with the neighbouring Dominican convent, by Filippo Maria Visconti in 1445. In the last years of Visconti's control it kept a siege by Francesco Sforza. Once he was settled in power in Lombardy, Sforza secured the erection of Vigevano as the seat of a bishop and provided its revenues.

paragraphs: Vigevano is crowned by the Castello Sforzesco, a stronghold rebuilt 1492–94 for Ludovico Maria Sforza (Ludovico il Moro), the great patron born in the town, who changed the fortification/hunting lodge of Luchino Visconti (who in turn had re-used a Lombard fortress) into a rich noble residence, at the cusp of Gothic and Renaissance. Leonardo da Vinci was his guest at Vigevano, as was Bramante, who is credited with the tall tower that watches over the piazza from the Castello Sforzesco. The old castle has a unique raised covered road, high enough for horsemen to ride through, that travels between the new palace and the old fortifications; there is a Falconry, an elegant loggiato supported by 48 columns, and, in the rear area of the mastio, the Ladies' Loggia made for Duchess Beatrice d'Este.


title: Fiat Palio

paragraphs: The Fiat Palio is a automobile produced by Fiat. It has been produced in various countries. It replaced the Fiat Duna in 1996.


title: The Sword of Truth

paragraphs: The Sword of Truth is a series of thirteen epic fantasy novels written by Terry Goodkind. The book tells the story of Richard Rahl, Kahlan Amnell and Zeddicus Zu'l Zorander.

paragraphs: The series is published in more than 20 languages.

paragraphs: A second series, which is the suite of the first (events in the series take place directly after the end of "Confessor"):


title: Kunio Kishida

paragraphs: Kishida studied French literature and modern drama at Tokyo Imperial University. In 1920, he went to Paris and studied the history of French drama.

paragraphs: In the 1920s, Kishida wrote dramas and novels.

paragraphs: In 1937, he founded the Literature Theatre Company ("Bungaku-za").

paragraphs: His name was given to the most famous prize for drama in Japan—the annual Kunio Kishida Award ("Kishida Kunio Gikyoku-shô").


title: Jerry Maguire

paragraphs: Jerry Maguire is a 1996 American romantic comedy-drama sports movie. It stars Tom Cruise, Cuba Gooding Jr. and Renée Zellweger. This movie got very positive reviews and became a strong success in the box office.


title: Domestic partnership

paragraphs: A Domestic partnership is a contract between two people who live together. They live together in the same household, but are neither married, nor joined in what is called a civil union. The sex of the partners is not relevant.


title: LGBT rights in the Republic of China

paragraphs: The Republic of China (Taiwan) is one of Asia's most tolerant countries as far as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) rights are concerned. The government proposed a bill in 2003 to make same-sex marriage legal. It has so far stalled without passage. If the law passes, the ROC would be the first country in Asia to allow same-sex marriages. In 2017, the ROC's Constitutional Court ruled that same-sex marriage should become legal within two years. The ROC is also described as the most liberal after over 30,000 people went to the Taiwan Pride parade in 2010 and 2011, making it the largest LGBT event in Asia. On May 17, 2019, the Legislative Yuan approved a bill, submitted by the Executive Yuan, recognising marriage for same-sex couples. The bill was signed into law by President Tsai Ing-wen on 22 May and went into effect on 24 May. Taiwan therefore became the first country in Asia to recognise same-sex marriage.


title: Competition (economics)

paragraphs: In economics, the word competition means that there are at least two competitors (¨players¨) who want to get a share of a market. The market is divided between all the economic players; this means that if a player gets a higher market share, another player will get a smaller share of the market. In his work, The Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith says that all players uses the resources they have so that they will get the most profit from these resources. According to Smith, this encourages efficiency.

paragraphs: Game theory looks at competition, from a mathematical point of view.

paragraphs: Note that competition does not necessarily involve different companies; in the 1920s, General Motors had divisions that overlapped, and that competed for resources. Procter & Gamble introduced the competition between different brands in the 1930s.

paragraphs: Also note that competition is limited: In some areas, there are monopolies, often granted by the state. The state may also apply taxes or pay subsidies as a way to protect its own economy.

paragraphs: Other factors that limit competition include the existence of cartels.


title: Enver Pasha

paragraphs: İsmail Enver (Ottoman Turkish: اسماعيل انور) (November 22, 1881 in Istanbul - August 4, 1922), he was known to European powers as Enver Pasha (Turkish: Enver Paşa) or Enver Bey and he was a Turkish military officer and a leader of the Young Turk revolution. His contributions for the revolution, he was given the nickname "The Hero of Liberty"("Hürriyet Kahramanı"). He was the main leader of the Ottoman Empire in both Balkan Wars and World War I.

paragraphs: He was minister of War from 1914 to 1918.

paragraphs: By his marriage to Emine Naciye Sultan, a granddaughter of sultan Abdülmecid I, Enver had:

paragraphs: His widow remarried his brother Mehmed Kamil Killigil (1900–1962) in 1923, and had one daughter:


title: Hotel Mario

paragraphs: Hotel Mario is a puzzle game developed by Fantasy Factory and published by Philips Interactive Media and Nintendo for the CD-i in 1994. The primary character of the game is Mario, who must find Princess Toadstool by going through seven Koopa hotels in the Mushroom Kingdom. Every hotel is divided into many levels, and what the player must do is close all doors on each level. Killing a Koopaling on the hotel's final level takes the player to the next building. After Nintendo decided not to have Philips create an add-on for the Super NES, they gave Philips permission to use five of their characters in games for Philips' CD-i. There wasn't a lot of time for the games to be developed and there was little funding. The games resulting from the license were widely criticized, with "Hotel Mario" being known as one of the worst "Mario"-centered games, due to the animation of the shutting doors, the non-working controls and especially known for the cutscenes that used full motion video. The CD-i was considered a commercial failure and the games became valuable because of their rarity.

paragraphs: The player controls Mario or his brother Luigi in two-player mode. The player has to complete all levels of the seven hotels in the game. The first six hotels contain 10 levels, and the last 2 hotels contains 15 levels. The player to shut every door before time runs out to get to the next level. The game does not show how to shut the doors. Elevators, which work differently depending on the hotel, let the player to go between the five floors of the level. The amount of points the player gets in the game will depend on how fast they can beat the level. Every stage has its own title screen, which is how the game can be saved. The screens are also used to enter hotel levels that were already played and the map of the Mushroom Kingdom, which allows the player to access any visited hotel.

paragraphs: While trying to close the doors, the player must avoid certain hazards. Mario will lose a life if he touches an enemy, runs out of time, runs off the edge of the floor he is on, or if all the doors are open. Enemies in the game are mostly regular "Mario" series creatures, such as Goombas, Koopas, Boos, and their variations. The opponent on the last level of each hotel is one of the Koopalings, who use different methods to try to kill Mario.

paragraphs: In his normal state, Mario can take one hit from an enemy and kill most of the monsters with a stomp. By opening doors, the player can find power-ups, which grant different powers. A Super Mushroom transforms Mario into Super Mario, making Mario glow and have the strength to take two enemy hits. If the player finds another mushroom while Mario is in the Super Mario form, the item turns into a Fire Flower. When grabbing it, Mario becomes Fire Mario and can throw fireballs to kill enemies. A 1-up mushroom known as "Extra Mario Mushroom" or "Toad" can only be found by Fire Mario. Another way to earn an extra life is collecting 30 coins. The player can also get a Star Man, which makes Mario temporarily able to knock any enemy off the screen by simply touching them.

paragraphs: Bowser has turned the Mushroom Kingdom into a hotel resort for the use of himself and his children. The land is renamed "Klub Koopa Resort" because of this. Each hotel in the area is protected by one of the Koopalings and their henchmen. The hotels represent different building types with many different locations, including a tree, a mine and a cloud. When Mario and Luigi are invited to a picnic by Princess Toadstool, Mario and Luigi enter the Mushroom Kingdom. At the entrance, however, they find a message from Bowser. They find out that Bowser has taken control over the kingdom and established seven hotels there, at one of which Princess Toadstool is being held as a "permanent guest". As they visit the first six hotels, Mario and Luigi find the Princess many times, but on every occasion she disappears out of their sight, ending up in another hotel. They eventually enter another land where Bowser himself lives. With the hotel's owner killed, the brothers run away from the building with Princess Toadstool before it falls apart. The Princess, now able to rule her kingdom in peace, thanks the Mario brothers for saving her, giving them both a kiss.

paragraphs: In May 1991, after failing to develop a CD-ROM-based add-on for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System with Sony, Nintendo signed a deal with Philips to develop the add-on. However, after seeing the negative reviews of the Sega Mega-CD, Nintendo no longer considered the add-on profitable anymore, and the project was stopped entirely. As part of dissolving the deal, Nintendo gave Philips the license to use five of their characters, including Mario, Luigi, and Princess Toadstool, to be featured in their games for the CD-i. Philips used the characters to create games for the CD-i, with Nintendo taking no part in their development except to give comments on the look of the characters. The "Mario" characters were going to be used in "Super Mario's Wacky Worlds", but the game was cancelled with only some prototype versions being programmed. While "Wacky Worlds" was planned as a CD-i adaptation of the side-scrolling platformer video game "Super Mario World", "Hotel Mario" was made into a puzzle game in which level areas were limited to a single screen. Unlike the "Legend of Zelda"-related games also for the CD-i, the game was not developed by a third-party company, but by Philips' development team Fantasy Factory.

paragraphs: Many full motion video cutscenes were animated for "Hotel Mario". The videos show Mario and Luigi as they get to the next hotel, telling each other and giving hints to the player such as: "If you need instructions on how to get through the hotels, check out the enclosed instruction book!". The voices of the Mario Brothers were provided by Marc Graue, with Jocelyn Benford doing the voice-over for Princess Toadstool. On top of the full motion video capabilities of the CD-i, "Hotel Mario" made use of the system’s internal clock by showing messages that changed according to the date.

paragraphs: The backgrounds of the hotel stages were designed by freelance artist Trici Venola. After seeing "Hotel Mario"'s first version—which Venola called "mechanical" and "visually no fun"—she and art director Jeff Zoern decided to use elements from Disney and J. R. R. Tolkien to improve the game's visual style. Drawings of the stages were made out of several blocks, each of which featured one detail. The first item Venola created for all hotels was the door. Every building took one week to complete and was designed according to a specific theme. For example, a gothic design was used for Bowser's hotel.

paragraphs: Upon its release, "Hotel Mario" received negative reviews from video game magazines "Electronic Gaming Monthly" and "GamePro". Critics commented that "Hotel Mario"s gameplay was simple yet addicting. "GamePro", while calling the game fun, believed that it would soon bore players, and gave it a fun factor of 2.5 out of 5. When "Electronic Gaming Monthly" named Mario the greatest video game character in 2005, they considered "Hotel Mario" his most embarrassing moment. Similarly, it was considered as the worst Mario game of all time by ScrewAttack, who criticized the game for its audio and controls, as well as for being solely "based on shutting doors." GameDaily included "Hotel Mario" in its list of the worst games starring Nintendo mascots, stating its gameplay lacked identifiable Mario elements mainly used in the series. The game was also listed as the worst 2D platformer in the "Mario" series by N-Europe. The site found the Koopaling battles "uniquely bad", calling the game itself a "steaming turd".

paragraphs: IGN said that "Hotel Mario" was better than the "The Legend of Zelda" titles, but noted that closing doors was not "a strong enough hook for an entire game." Chris Kohler of "Wired" magazine saw "Hotel Mario" as "a puzzle game with no puzzles", assuming it was one of the reasons why Nintendo was not impressed by the CD-ROM medium. The game was referred to as "craptastic" by GamesRadar and "little more than a really rubbish version of "Elevator Action"" by Eurogamer.

paragraphs: In its 1994 review, "GamePro" rated "Hotel Mario"'s graphics at 3.5 and sound at 4 out of 5, saying that "the only intriguing aspects of this game are the well-fashioned animated sequences." Years after the game was released, the cut scenes were also criticized among video game websites, and were called "outright terrifying" by 1UP.com. IGN described them as "abysmal" and "a bad flip-book of images printed out of Microsoft Paint. The quality of the voice acting was also questioned. Both 1UP.com and IGN thought the voices were unfitting for the characters and did not achieve the same playfulness as those of Mario and Luigi's current voice artist Charles Martinet. "Hotel Mario" was listed in the Top 20 Worst Mario Games of all time.


title: Greater flamingo

paragraphs: The greater flamingo ("Phoenicopterus roseus") is the most widespread species of the flamingo family. It is found in the wetlands areas of Africa, southwest Europe, and South Asia. This is the largest species of flamingo, averaging up to 5 feet tall, and weighing 8 lbs. Their wingspan is 4 to 6 feet. Greater flamingos live up to 20 years in the wild. Their diet consists of seeds, algae, and small invertebrates.

paragraphs: The bird lives in mudflats and shallow coastal lagoons with salt water. Using its feet, the bird stirs up the mud, then sucks water through its bill and filters out small shrimp, seeds, blue-green algae, microscopic organisms and molluscs. The greater flamingo feeds with its head down. Its upper jaw is movable and not rigidly fixed to its skull. It was the state bird of Junagadh State.


title: Bar-headed goose

paragraphs: The bar-headed goose ("Anser indicus") is a type of goose that lives in wetland areas in Central Asia. It has a light grey body, broad wings, and a white face and neck. Its name comes from the two stripes (or "bars") of dark feathers that wrap around the back of its head. Like other geese, its feet are webbed. They can get up to 2.5 feet long and weigh 6.5 pounds. They eat mainly grass, wheat, barley and rice.

paragraphs: The main physiological challenge of bar-headed geese is getting oxygen from thin air to their aerobic muscle fibres so they can fly at high altitudes. Flight is very metabolically costly at high-altitudes because birds need to flap harder in thin air to generate lift.

paragraphs: Studies have found that bar-headed geese breathe more deeply and efficiently under low oxygen conditions, which serves to increase oxygen uptake from the environment. The haemoglobin of their blood has a higher affinity for oxygen compared to low-altitude geese.

paragraphs: Bar-headed geese have a slightly larger wing area for their weight than other geese, which is believed to help them fly at high altitudes. Birds at high-altitude still need to flap harder than lowland birds.

paragraphs: All this is relevant, since they fly through the high passes in the Himalayas when they migrate to & from the Indian subcontinent.


title: Müller's Bornean gibbon

paragraphs: The Müller's Bornean gibbon, or the grey gibbon("Hylobates muelleri") is a primate in the Hylobatidae family. The Muller's gibbon ranks among the smallest gibbons, weighing . It is about tall. The grey gibbons can live more than 40 years in captivity. They eat primarily fruit, leaves, flowers, and invertebrates.

paragraphs: Muller's gibbons can only be found in the tropical rainforest of the country Borneo.


title: Jorge Ricardo

paragraphs: Jorge Ricardo (born September 30, 1961 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) is a jockey of Thoroughbred horse racing, actually riding in Argentina, who became the all-time winningest rider in history on February 5, 2007. He has since been passed by Canadian-born, California-based rider Russell Baze.


title: Grey bamboo lemur

paragraphs: The grey bamboo lemur is also called the grey gentle lemur, or the eastern lesser bamboo lemur ("Hapalemur griseus"). This is the smallest of the bamboo lemurs. It lives mostly in bamboo forests in eastern Madagascar. It is normally active at dusk, eating bamboo leaves and shoots.

paragraphs: Grey bamboo lemurs grow up to long and weigh up to . The eastern lesser bamboo lemur has a dense, woolly coat that is grey to olive-grey on the upperparts, with chestnut-brown tinges on the head, shoulders, and sometimes the back.


title: Angola colobus

paragraphs: The Angola colobus ("Colobus angolensis") is an arboreal monkey that belongs to the "Colobus" genus. They have no thumbs, which is not normal among primates. This allows them to shape their fingers into a winging hook. They eat leaves, fruit, and seeds.

paragraphs: Angolan colobus monkeys have glossy, black fur covers much of the body, but contrasts with short, white hair surrounding the face, a u-shaped, cape-like mantle of long white hair that extends down the shoulders and across the lower back, and a bushy white tuft to the tip of the tail. Colobus monkeys typically can weigh 2 lbs and grow over 2 feet long. Their lifespan is 20 to 30 years in the wild.

paragraphs: Colobus monkeys live in the trees of the African savannah and tropical forests.


title: Léon: The Professional

paragraphs: Léon (full name Léon: The Professional) is a 1994 French action thriller movie directed by Luc Besson. The focus of "Léon" is assassination and the Mafia. The movie is set in New York City. Jean Reno plays the title role, a hitman. Natalie Portman co-stars as Matilda, a girl who is being taught to become an assassin. And Gary Oldman plays the main villain Norman Stansfield, a corrupt cop and mafia leader who kills Matilda's family. "Léon" was released in the United States on November 18, 1994.


title: Chris Evert

paragraphs: Christine Marie "Chris" Evert (born 21 December 1954) is an American retired tennis player.

paragraphs: Evert was born in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, a daughter of tennis player and coach Jimmy Evert.

paragraphs: Evert turned professional in 1972. In singles, she won the Australian Open in 1982 and 1984. She won the French Open in 1974, 1975, 1979, 1980, 1983, 1985 and 1986. She won Wimbledon in 1974, 1976 and 1981. She won the US Open in 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1980 and 1982. In doubles, she won the French Open in 1974 and 1975, as well as Wimbledon in 1976. She retired in 1989.

paragraphs: She was engaged to Jimmy Connors in 1974. She married John Lloyd in 1979; they divorced in 1987. She married Andy Mill in 1988; they had three sons. She divorced him in 2006. She married Greg Norman in 2008; they divorced in 2009. She lives in Boca Raton, Florida.


title: Senate of Chile

paragraphs: The Senate of Chile is the upper house of Chile's bicameral National Congress established in the Chilean constitution.


title: Laurie Metcalf

paragraphs: Laura Elizabeth "Laurie" Metcalf (born June 16, 1955) is an American movie and television series actress. She played Jackie Harris in the sitcom "Roseanne". She played Carolyn Bigsby in the sitcom "Desperate Housewives" She played Debbie Salt in "Scream 2". She played one of the characters in the "Toy Story" franchise. Metcalf received three Emmy Awards for her performance. She was born in Carbondale, Illinois. She was married to Jeff Perry. In 2018, she won a Tony Award.


title: Robert Herbert

paragraphs: Sir Robert George Wyndham Herbert (1831-1905) was the first Premier of Queensland. He was premier twice, the first time when Queensland became an independent colony, from 10 December 1859 to 1 February 1866 and then again from 20 July 1866 to 7 August 1866.

paragraphs: He was educated at Eton College and Balliol College, Oxford.


title: Lara Giddings

paragraphs: Larissa Tahireh Giddings (born 14 November 1972) was the 44th Premier of Tasmania. She became premier on 24 January 2011 when David Bartlett resigned. She is the first woman to be Premier of Tasmania, as well as the youngest woman elected to an Australian parliament.

paragraphs: On 15 March 2014, in the Tasmanian state election the Labor government led by Lara Giddings was defeated by the Liberals led by Will Hodgman.


title: Premier of Tasmania

paragraphs: The Premier of Tasmania is the head of the government in the Australian state of Tasmania. The political party which has the most support in the House of Assembly will nominate its leader to be Premier. The leader is then asked by the Governor of Tasmania to act as their principal adviser. The current premier is Will Hodgman of the Liberal Party of Australia, who was sworn in on 31 March 2014.

paragraphs: Before the 1890s, there was no political party system in Tasmania. Before 1920 premiers were often appointed from the Legislative Council.


title: Bother (song)

paragraphs: "Bother" is the second single from the alternative metal band Stone Sour's first album "Stone Sour". It was originally released as a solo song by frontman Corey Taylor, but the billing was later changed to Stone Sour. The song was one of Stone Sour's first songs to put them into the mainstream. The cover features Taylor's hands and rings, one of them being a Spider-Man ring which is a reference to the song being featured on the soundtrack to the film "Spider-Man" (although the track is credited to Taylor as the performer not Stone Sour) and to Taylor being a fan of Spider-Man. The other has the number 8 on it, representing Taylor's number in Slipknot. Taylor has stated that the song is about when he moved back to Des Moines from Denver, where he hoped to try to move forward with his music.