title: Arab–Israeli conflict

paragraphs: The Arab–Israeli conflict is a term used to describe the political tensions and open hostilities between the Arab countries of the Middle East and North Africa and the State of Israel. The conflict has gone on since 1948.

paragraphs: The Arab–Israeli conflict began from earlier tensions between the Arab and Jewish communities in British Mandatory Palestine, with the rise of two nationalist movements - Zionist movement among Jews and Arab nationalism among the Arabs. The ethnic conflict in Mandatory Palestine was also a result of the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, which created tension over the division and ownership of the land. While the Jewish people saw the land as their historical homeland of the Land of Israel, the Palestinian people and Pan-Arab movement saw the land as Palestine belonging to the Arabs and in the Pan-Islamic context, as territory regarded as Muslim lands.

paragraphs: The modern conflict started with the 1948 Arab-Israeli war in parallel with the creation of state of Israel by the Jews. Later, on the course of the 1948 War, the All-Palestine Government was created in Gaza Strip by the Arab League, as an Arab Palestinian state. Israel won the 1948 war, and the All-Palestine Government moved to Cairo in Egypt and were not allowed to return to Gaza. They gradually lost importance, until abolished in 1959 by the Egyptian President Nasser.

paragraphs: In 1964, another Palestinian political organization was formed by Yasser Arafat (named Palestinian Liberation Organization), and became the most important Palestinian movement. In 1967, Arab countries and Israel fought the Six-Day War, resulting in Israeli takeover of Gaza Strip and Sinai Peninsula from Egypt, West Bank from Jordan and Golan Heights from Syria. Jordan, Egypt and PLO soon began a low-level War of Attrition, which lasted from 1967 to 1970 with no significant benefits to any side. In 1973, another major war, the Yom Kippur War, was started by Egypt and Syria to regain the territory lost in the Six Day War. Egypt liberated part of the Sinai, and Syria was pushed back to Damascus. Egypt and Israel both claimed victory and till now historians argue as to whom the victory belongs to.

paragraphs: Over the years, it has changed from the large-scale Arab–Israeli conflict to a more local Israeli-Palestinian conflict, though the Arab World and Israel still disagree with each other over specific territory.


title: Gaza War

paragraphs: The Gaza War was a three-week armed conflict that took place in the Gaza Strip during the winter of 2008–2009. It was codenamed Operation Cast Lead ( "Mivtza Oferet Yetzuka") by the Israeli government.

paragraphs: The Gaza War is said to have begun when Israel started an air strike against the Gaza Strip on Dec. 27. This was after a six-month truce between Israel and Hamas had run out and Hamas had resumed rocket attacks against Israel. Israel's said its aim was to stop Hamas' rocket attacks on Israel from and arms import into the territory. Israeli forces attacked military targets, police stations and government buildings. Hamas intensified its rocket and mortar attacks against Southern Israel, reaching the major cities of Beersheba and Ashdod for the first time. An Israeli ground invasion began on January 3, 2009. The war ended on January 18, when Israel first declared a unilateral(one-sided) ceasefire, followed by Hamas' announcing a one-week ceasefire twelve hours later. Israel completed its withdrawal on January 21. The conflict resulted in between 1,166 and 1,417 Palestinian and 13 Israeli deaths.


title: Peugeot 406

paragraphs: The Peugeot 406 was an automobile produced by Peugeot. It replaced the 405 in 1995 with an estate and coupe models added in 1997, facelifted in 1999 and in 2004 it was replaced by the 407.


title: RZA

paragraphs: Robert Diggs (born July 5, 1969) is an American rapper and producer, as well as a member of the hip-hop group Wu-Tang Clan, better known by his stage name, RZA. He was a member of Gravediggaz. He was known as Rzarector. This is a pun on 'resurrector'. RZA has written two books.

paragraphs: RZA started his music career in 1991 when he released the EP "Ooh I Love You Rakeem".


title: Jordan Staal

paragraphs: Jordan Staal (born September 10, 1988) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player for the Carolina Hurricanes of the National Hockey League (NHL). He is regarded as one of the NHL's premier penalty-killers, both for his strong defensive skills, along with his scoring touch that makes him a threat for shorthanded goals. He has also played for the Pittsburgh Penguins for 6 seasons before he was traded to the Carolina Hurricanes during the 2012 NHL Entry Draft on June 22, 2012.


title: News Corp. Digital Media

paragraphs: News Corp. Digital Media is a subsidiary of News Corporation. It most notably owns Photobucket and MySpace.


title: Napoleon and Tabitha D'umo

paragraphs: Napoleon Buddy D'umo (born October 17, 1968) and Tabitha A. D'umo (née Cortopassi born September 11, 1973), also known as Nappytabs, are husband and wife choreographers who are often credited with developing the new style of hip-hop dance known as lyrical hip-hop. They have been working together in the dance industry since 1996 and are best known for their choreography on the TV show "So You Think You Can Dance". They were nominated for a 2009 Emmy Award for Outstanding Choreography for their work on the fourth season of the show. Napoleon and Tabitha were also supervising choreographers on MTV's "America's Best Dance Crew" for the first five seasons.

paragraphs: Napoleon and Tabitha started their career in Las Vegas while they were still in college choreographing industrial musicals for large businesses. After moving to Los Angeles, they began teaching hip-hop dance classes and choreographing for professional basketball and football dance teams including the Orlando Magic and the Dallas Cowboys. Their career improved to choreographing music videos, commercials, movies, television shows, and concerts. Napoleon and Tabitha have worked with entertainers such as Missy Elliott, Celine Dion, Kanye West, Ricky Martin, and Jennifer Lopez. They have also choreographed for Cirque Du Soleil. In addition to choreography and teaching classes, they direct concert tours and live events and have their own dance clothing line called "Nappytabs".

paragraphs: While growing up in Victorville, California, Napoleon learned how to dance by traveling to Los Angeles and spending time with b-boys; he was eventually cast as an extra in the movie "Breakin' 2: Electric Boogaloo" in 1984. After graduating from Apple Valley High School, Napoleon joined the US military and was sent to Germany. After he was discharged from the military, he attended the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) where he majored in molecular biology. In college, Napoleon started taking jazz dance and modern dance classes. He eventually received a full scholarship as a member of the university's dance team.

paragraphs: Tabitha grew up in Galloway, New Jersey. Her mother enrolled her in jazz dance classes when she was young. Since there were no hip-hop classes, Tabitha learned by watching music videos and participating in her high school's cheer and dance teams. She names Michael Jackson, Janet Jackson, and Paula Abdul as influences. After graduating from Absegami High School, Tabitha moved to Nevada to attend UNLV where she majored in communications and started taking hip-hop dance classes. It was there that she met her future husband Napoleon.

paragraphs: Tabitha and Napoleon started their professional partnership in 1996 while still in college as part of the dance company Culture Shock. During their time with Culture Shock, they choreographed a variety of industrial musicals—musicals performed for the employees of a business to motivate/entertain—for companies such as Nike, Levi, Redken, Matrix Hair, and MAC. Although Tabitha was planning to take a job in public relations and Napoleon was planning to attend medical school, they both decided when they graduated college to pursue a career in the dance industry.

paragraphs: Napoleon and Tabitha have choreographed for sports teams, movies, television, and for the stage. They have choreographed for NFL and NBA dance teams including the Dallas Cowboys, Denver Broncos, Chicago Bulls, and Orlando Magic. Some of the celebrities they have worked with include Sean Kingston, Jennifer Lopez, Carrie Underwood, Celine Dion, Missy Elliott, Destiny's Child, and Timbaland.

paragraphs: Napoleon and Tabitha were supervising choreographers for "America's Best Dance Crew" from season one in 2008 to season five in 2010. Also in 2008, Napoleon and Tabitha joined the choreography team on Fox's "So You Think You Can Dance" (SYTYCD). It was on this show that their lyrical hip-hop style gained popularity. The term "lyrical hip-hop" was created by SYTYCD judge Adam Shankman when he commented on a routine choreographed by Napoleon and Tabitha to Leona Lewis' song "Bleeding Love".

paragraphs: This routine was later nominated for a 2009 Emmy Award for Outstanding Choreography. In an interview with DanceInforma.com Tabitha stated that they do not create choreography without a story because the story determines the movement and the feeling they want to show: "We listen to the song over and over and over and finally we find that skeleton and then we can start preparing some steps."

paragraphs: In April 2009, Napoleon and Tabitha choreographed three dance routines for the second season of "So You Think You Can Dance Australia". SYTYCD Australia judge and choreographer Matt Lee called their "Dead and Gone" lyrical hip-hop routine the best routine of the season. Later that year in September, Napoleon and Tabitha choreographed the opening dance performance on the season seven premiere of The Ellen Degeneres Show. The performance featured both DeGeneres and the top 10 dancers from season five of "So You Think You Can Dance".

paragraphs: In February 2010, Tabitha and Napoleon choreographed Cirque Du Soleil's "Viva ELVIS" show at the Aria Resort & Casino in Las Vegas. In July, they choreographed a hip-hop routine for Seattle Theatre Group's 12th Annual "DANCE This" concert. In September, they choreographed a pilot episode for another dance television show called "MOBBED". The following year, "MOBBED" expanded to a series and Tabitha and Napoleon choreographed another ten episodes.

paragraphs: Napoleon and Tabitha spend a lot of time teaching classes at dance studios and conventions—regional educational events hosted by professional dancers. They have taught hip-hop dance at Millennium Dance Complex, the Edge Performing Arts Center, Xtreme Dance Force, Shock the Intensive, Coastal Dance Rage, iHollywood, and Monsters of Hip Hop dance conventions. They were guest instructors at Project 818 in Moscow, Russia and judges at the 2009 Australian Hip Hop Championships in Sydney.

paragraphs: Most of Napoleon and Tabitha's work is in choreography and teaching but they have also provided creative direction for tours and live events. Creative directors are responsible for the design, vision, and theme of a show. In 2006 and 2007, they served as assistant creative directors for Christina Aguilera’s "Back to Basics Tour" and for Ricky Martin’s "Black and White Tour". In 2008, they were assistant creative directors for Celine Dion's "Taking Chances Tour" and Kanye West’s "Glow in the Dark Tour". They were the lead creative directors for "Monsters of Hip Hop: The Show", the "So You Think You Can Dance Tour", and "America's Best Dance Crew Live".

paragraphs: In 2009, they directed the second "So You Think You Can Dance Tour" and in 2010 they directed the Jabbawockeez' "MÜS.I.C" (muse-i-see) show at the MGM Grand Las Vegas hotel and casino. In 2013, Tabitha and Napoleon directed a new show for the Jabbawockeez called "PRiSM".

paragraphs: Napoleon and Tabitha have their own line of dance clothing line called "Nappytabs". "Nappytabs" is the first line of hip-hop dance clothing. They decided to create it because of the lack of appropriate dance clothing for urban hip-hop dancers. For this reason, it is only sold at selected regional dance clothing stores, major dance conventions, online through the "Nappytabs" official website, and at their only retail location and dance studio in North Hollywood.

paragraphs: In 2007, Tabitha was the host of an exercise DVD titled "Drop it with Dance".

paragraphs: The video is split into six 10-minute routines that gradually increase in difficulty; movements from all six routines are combined in the finale "Showtime" segment. Tabitha also appeared in "Rock Your Body", a dance/fitness DVD hosted by choreographer and creative director Jamie King who is known primarily for his work with Madonna.

paragraphs: Napoleon and Tabitha appeared in the dance documentary "MOVE". The movie is about dance as an art form and how notable choreographers were able to go from dancing as a hobby to dancing as a career. There are over fifty dance professionals who appear in this movie including director and choreographer Kenny Ortega.

paragraphs: In 2009, Tabitha and Napoleon were nominated for an Emmy Award for the lyrical hip-hop routine "Bleeding Love" that they choreographed on season four of "So You Think You Can Dance". On September 10, 2011, they won an Emmy Award for three routines they choreographed on season seven—"Scars", "Fallin'", and "Outta Your Mind". Three months earlier, "Entertainment Weekly" magazine made a list of the "25 Best Performances Ever" on the show. Tabitha and Napoleon choreographed four routines on the list.

paragraphs: On July 3, 2013, Tabitha and Napoleon won a Dancers' Choice Award for their work on the television shows "Mobbed", "American Idol", and "So You Think You Can Dance". The same month, they were nominated for another Emmy Award for three routines they choreographed on season nine of "So You Think You Can Dance": "Love Cats", "Beautiful People", and "Call Of The Wild".

paragraphs: On August 17, 2014, they won their second Emmy Award for their work on season ten of "So You Think You Can Dance".

paragraphs: Tabitha and Napoleon choreographed Ellen's "Outta Your Mind" performance on the season seven finale episode in 2010.<br>


title: Audi Q5

paragraphs: The Audi Q5 is an SUV produced by Audi since 2008. It is based on the platform of the Audi A4 and has permanent allwheel drive, called "quattro".


title: Suica

paragraphs: Suica is a card that people use to pay for train fares and goods at convenience stores in mainland Japan, as well as other store types and regions. Cash amount can be added or removed electronically, simply by hovering the card over a card reader. It is convenient and faster to use than coins and bills, and magnetic stripe cards. The technology used is called RFID, and a chip by Sony is used, called FeliCa.


title: Jared Staal

paragraphs: Jared Staal (born August 21, 1990 in Thunder Bay, Ontario) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player currently with the Charlotte Checkers of the American Hockey League. He is the younger brother of Eric Staal of the Carolina Hurricanes, Marc Staal of the New York Rangers, and Jordan Staal of the Pittsburgh Penguins.


title: Attabad Lake

paragraphs: Attabad Lake (sometimes called Gojal Lake) is a lake in Hunza Valley in northern Pakistan. The lake was created by a landslide which happened in the village of Attabad on 4 January 2010. The landslide killed twenty people. It blocked the flow of the Hunza River for five months.

paragraphs: The flooding caused by the blockage covered the Karakoram Highway. Six thousand people had to move from upstream villages. Another 25,000 people had to stay where they were because roads were blocked. It inundated over of the Karakoram Highway.

paragraphs: By the first week of June 2010, the new lake was long and over deep. At that time, it flowed over the landslide dam, completely submerging lower Shishkat and partly flooding Gulmit. The subdivision of Gojal has the greatest number of flooded buildings, over 170 houses and 120 shops. The residents also had shortages of food and other items due to the blockage of the Karakoram Highway.

paragraphs: By June 4 water outflow from the lake had increased to 3700 cu ft/sec.


title: Fastest lap

paragraphs: In motorsport, the fastest lap is the quickest lap run during a race. Some series, like A1 Grand Prix and the GP2 series, award bonus points to the driver/team with the fastest lap. Formula One awarded one point to the driver that set the fastest lap until 1960.

paragraphs: In Grand Prix motorcycle racing, which includes the 80cc, 125cc, 250cc, 350cc, and 500cc/MotoGP classes, no point is awarded for the fastest lap. Giacomo Agostini holds the current record for the most fastest laps with 117. Valentino Rossi, who still actively races in MotoGP, is in second place with 83 fastest laps.

paragraphs: In Formula One, 120 different drivers have made fastest race laps. German driver Michael Schumacher has made the most number of total fastest laps with 76. He is followed by Frenchman Alain Prost with 41 and by Finnish driver Kimi Räikkönen with 35. Argentine Juan Manuel Fangio and Brazilian Nelson Piquet both had 23 fastest laps, the most for South Americans.


title: Informed consent

paragraphs: Informed consent is the right of a citizen who will undergo medical treatment or care to know about the kind of treatment or service that will be provided by the doctor as well as the procedures involved. It also includes the right to refuse any treatment or care without prior approval.

paragraphs: Informed consent is part of the medical ethics to avoid medical abuse or accidents. It has been admitted as one of the human rights in some international agreements, and also in the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.


title: Ali Baba

paragraphs: Ali Baba (, "ʿAli Bāba") is a fictional character, who is described in the adventure tale of "Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves". It is believed by some critics that this story was added to "One Thousand and One Nights" by one of its European translators, Antoine Galland, who is an 18th-century French orientalist who may have heard it in oral form from a Middle Eastern story-teller from Aleppo. However, another writer and scholar Sir Richard Francis Burton said it was a part of the original "One Thousand and One Nights". Most Arab and Persian(Irani) scholars seem to also agree with Burton.


title: Bullitt

paragraphs: Bullitt is a 1968 American thriller movie that was produced by Philip D'Antoni and Robert E. Relyea and directed by Peter Yates.

paragraphs: The movie won and has been nominated for many awards including:


title: Mercedes-Benz Grand Prix results

paragraphs: These are the complete Grand Prix racing results for Daimler Benz AG, the official name of the works Mercedes-Benz team, including Formula One.

paragraphs: After Von Brauchitsch's car retired from the race, he took over Fagioli's car.<br>

paragraphs: Constructors' Championship not awarded until .


title: Akon

paragraphs: Aliaume Damala Badara Akon Thiam (; born April 16, 1973), known mononymously as Akon, is a Senegalese-American singer, songwriter, record producer, entrepreneur, philanthropist and actor. He grew up in Senegal, but when he was 7 his family settled in New Jersey. His father, Mor Thiam was a successful jazz percussionist. Soon after moving back to the United States, Akon discovered hip-hop for the first time. Akon has worked with a lot of other musicians.

paragraphs: Akon has been nominated for many awards including 5 Grammy Awards, 3 American Music Awards winning 1 and 4 MTV Video Music Awards. "Billboard" ranked Akon No. 6 on the list of Top Digital Songs Artists of the decade.

paragraphs: Akon had been friends with Michael Jackson until his death. Akon released a tribute song called "Cry Out Of Joy".

paragraphs: In 2010, a song that Akon sung with Michael Jackson, "Hold My Hand", was released. It was also released on "Michael".


title: Thích Quảng Đức

paragraphs: Hòa thượng Thích Quảng Đức (1897–June 11, 1963) was a Buddhist Monk from Hội Khánh, French Indochina who committed suicide by burning himself to death while sitting in an intersection (crossroads). He was protesting the persecution of Buddhists by South Vietnam's Ngô Đình Diệm administration.


title: Storms of My Grandchildren

paragraphs: Storms of My Grandchildren is the first book written by climate scientist James Hansen.

paragraphs: Hansen says that the burning of fossil fuels is changing our climate and that the earth is in danger. Millions of species, and humanity itself, are threatened. The title of the book, "Storms of My Grandchildren", refers to the extreme weather events "that will greet the next generation if the unmitigated use of fossil fuels continues".

paragraphs: Hansen states that we immediately need to "reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide to at most 350 ppm in order to avoid disasters for coming generations". He says that we need to reduce coal plant emissions, and improve forestry and agricultural practices.

paragraphs: "Storms of My Grandchildren" has been reviewed in "Nature, the Los Angeles Times", "Science", and "Cosmos".

paragraphs: James Hansen is director of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and is often called the "father of global warming".


title: Star of Bethlehem

paragraphs: The Star of Bethlehem, also called the Christmas Star, is a star in the Bible and Christian tradition that let the Magi know that Jesus was born, and later helped them go to Bethlehem. According to the Gospel of Matthew, the star made the magi travel to Jerusalem. There they met King Herod of Judea, and asked where the king of the Jews had been born. Herod's advisors said that the Messiah would be born in Bethlehem, a nearby village, because of a prophecy in the Book of Micah. While the magi were going to Bethlehem, they saw the star again. The star stopped above the place where Jesus was born. There, the magi saw Jesus with his mother, worshipped him and gave costly presents to him. They then returned to their "own country".

paragraphs: Christians usually think of the star as a miraculous sign to show the birth of the Christ. Astronomers have thought of many different explanations for the star. A nova, a planet, a comet, an occultation, and a conjunction (planets coming together) have all been suggested.

paragraphs: Some scholars say that the story is not historically right and that the star was not real.

paragraphs: The Star of Bethlehem is a well-loved subject at planetarium shows during Christmas, but the Bible seems to suggest that the magi visited Jesus at least several months after he was born. The visit is usually celebrated on Epiphany (January 6) in Western Christianity and on Christmas (December 25) in Eastern Christianity.

paragraphs: The Gospel of Matthew says that Magi (usually translated as "wise men", but probably meaning here "astronomer" or "astrologer") came to the court of Herod in Jerusalem and told the king of a star which marked the birth of the King of the Jews:

paragraphs: Now after Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Judea in the days of Herod the king, behold (see), wise men from the East came to Jerusalem, saying, "Where is He who has been born King of the Jews? For we have seen His star in the East" [or "at its rising"] "and have come to worship Him." When Herod the king heard this, he was troubled, and all Jerusalem with him. And when he had gathered all the chief priests and scribes of the people together, he inquired of them (asked) where the Christ was to be born.

paragraphs: Herod was "troubled"–not about the star, but because a "king of the Jews" had been born. He understood that this meant the Messiah. The Messiah was a leader of the Jewish people, and had been spoken of in Old Testament prophecies. So he asked his helpers where the Messiah would be born. They replied that the Messiah would be born in Bethlehem, the place where King David was born, remembering what the prophet Micah had said. The king told this to the magi.

paragraphs: Then Herod, when he had secretly called the wise men, determined from them what time the star appeared. And he sent them to Bethlehem and said, "Go and search carefully for the young Child, and when you have found Him, bring back word to me, that I may come and worship Him also." When they heard the king, they departed (went away); and behold, the star which they had seen in the East went before them, till it came and stood over where the young Child was. When they saw the star, they rejoiced with exceedingly (very) great joy.

paragraphs: Matthew suggests that the magi knew from the star that the "king of the Jews" had already been born even before they entered Jerusalem. They gave Jesus gold, frankincense, and myrrh as presents. The magi were told in a dream not to go back to Jerusalem. So, they "left for their own country by another road". When Herod found out that he had been tricked, he ordered all male children in Bethlehem who were 2 or younger to be killed. Joseph was warned in a dream to escape. He took his family to Egypt to be safe. The Gospel connects the escape to a verse from the Old Testament, which is seen as a prophecy: "Out of Egypt I called My Son." The Old Testament verse was about how the Hebrews went away from Egypt, led by Moses. Because of this, the quote seems to suggest that Matthew thought that Jesus' life was like the story of the Jewish people. Judea could have symbolized Egypt and Herod represented pharaoh. After Herod died, God called Joseph and his family back from Egypt, and they settled in to Nazareth in Galilee.

paragraphs: One way to interpret the Star of Bethlehem is to find the year in which Jesus was born. Matthew wrote that Jesus was born when Herod was king. According to Josephus, Herod died shortly after a lunar eclipse. This lunar eclipse is often thought of as the eclipse of March 13, 4 BC. Those who ruled after Herod used coins showing that they dated their rules as beginning in 4 BC. Because of this, it is mostly thought that Herod died that year. However, some still disagree with this idea.

paragraphs: From long ago, many people believed that the movements of the stars were connected with the things that happened on earth. Miracles were often thought to happen at the same time important people were born.

paragraphs: The Star of Bethlehem is traditionally linked to the Star Prophecy in the Book of Numbers:

paragraphs: By the time the Gospels were written, it was thought by many people that it was about the coming of a Messiah. For example, Josephus quoted it (though he thought it was about Emperor Vespasian).

paragraphs: Paintings and other works of art about the magi's visit may include the star. In the fresco by Giotto di Bondone, it is in the shape of a comet. In a tapestry about the Magi, designed by Edward Burne-Jones, the star is held by an angel.

paragraphs: Christmas songs often describe the Star of Bethlehem. For example, "We Three Kings" has the words:


title: Immortal Technique

paragraphs: Felipe Andres Coronel (born February 19, 1978 in Lima, Peru) is an American rapper better known by his stage name, Immortal Technique.

paragraphs: Immortal Technique's lyrics are usually about politics and racism.


title: Diners, Drive-Ins and Dives

paragraphs: Diners, Drive-Ins and Dives is an American food reality television show created by Guy Fieri. It is shown on the Food Network and follows American cook Guy Fieri as he searches for America's best diners, drive-ins and dives.


title: Kiddieland Amusement Park

paragraphs: Kiddieland Amusement Park was an amusement park located just west of Chicago at the corner of North Avenue and First Avenue in Melrose Park, Illinois. It was home to several classic rides including the "Little Dipper" roller coaster, which opened in 1950. The park closed on September 27, 2009 at 8 PM, and demolished in 2010 to make way for a new Costco store.

paragraphs: Kiddieland started out as a small venture of Arthur Fritz in 1929 when he purchased six ponies and offered rides as an escape for parents reeling from the Great Depression. Miniature gasoline-powered cars were added a few years later after Fritz learned that they were being given away to children by a Chicago newspaper as a subscription promotion.

paragraphs: In 1940, the "German Carousel", two Miniature Steam Locomotives, the "Little Auto Ride", the "Roto Whip" and the "Ferris Wheel" were added. The latter two lasted until the park's closing. The park saw its first major expansion in the 1950s with the addition of the Little Dipper and the Carousel, of which both still exist today. Bumper cars were added in the 1960s as they replaced the original pony ride.

paragraphs: The park transferred ownership in 1977, as Arthur Fritz's grandchildren took over the park and its operation. The park continued its expansion and installed several major attractions, including a Log flume, a swinging pirate ship, a long water coaster, and numerous other attractions.

paragraphs: A dispute developed between Shirley and Glenn Rynes, who own the land that Kiddieland occupies, and Ronald Rynes, Jr. and Cathy and Tom Norini, who own the amusement park itself. The landowners sued the park owners in 2004, claiming that the park had an improper insurance policy and that fireworks were prohibited in the lease. The case was thrown out in a Cook County court and later in an appeals court. The landowners declined to extend the lease on the land in early 2009. In late June 2010, it was announced that Kiddieland would be demolished, nine months after the park closed to the public. A Costco store will be built in its place.

paragraphs: The Litter Dipper was designed by Herbert Schmeck and built by the Philadelphia Toboggan Company in 1950. The brakes are operated manually by a wooden handle in the station. The out-and-back coaster is tall and travels a course of . It was awarded the ACE Coaster Classic award by the American Coaster Enthusiasts.

paragraphs: Six Flags Great America in Gurnee, Illinois bought the ride in November 2009 at a Kiddieland auction. They paid $33,000 for the ride equipment at the auction.


title: Monmouth

paragraphs: Monmouth is a small town in south-east Wales. It is about 2 miles from the border with England. It is the county town of Monmouthshire, and just under 9,000 people live there. The River Wye and the River Monnow meet in Monmouth.

paragraphs: The Romans built a small fort there called "Blestium", but few people lived in the area after the Romans left. Eventually, the Normans built a castle by the River Monnow, after they conquered England in 1066. Monmouth grew in the Middle Ages, with a priory church, and a market street (now called Monnow Street). This street ran between the castle and a fortified bridge across the river, which is the only fortified bridge of its type in Britain. King Henry V of England was born in Monmouth Castle in 1387, but the castle itself was mostly knocked down after the Civil War in the seventeenth century.

paragraphs: Monmouth was well known at one time for producing Monmouth caps - a sort of woollen headgear worn by soldiers, sailors and others. It also became famous at the end of the eighteenth century, when people such as Admiral Nelson, and many poets and painters, came to visit the beautiful Wye valley nearby. The town also has a famous public school, Monmouth School, which was started in 1615.

paragraphs: In 1840, an important trial took place in Monmouth, of Chartists who had protested that more people should be allowed to vote in elections. One of the first makers of cars in Britain, Charles Rolls who founded Rolls Royce, was born just outside the town. He was killed in an airplane crash in 1910 at the age of 33; there is a statue of him in the town centre.

paragraphs: The town is known for its schools and its many shops, as well as for the services that it provides for its surrounding area. The hills around Monmouth are covered with woodland and farms. Monmouth is linked by the A40 road to the M4 motorway at Newport and the M50 at Ross-on-Wye. The town is twinned with Carbonne, France and Waldbronn, Germany.

paragraphs: In 2011, MonmouthpediA was set up as the first Wikipedia project to cover a whole town.


title: Franklin (TV series)

paragraphs: Franklin is a Canadian–American children's animated television series produced by Nelvana, Big Bang Digital Studios, LuxAnimation, Alphanim, and Nick Jr. Productions. that currently airs on Nickelodeon's Nick Jr. block in the United States from January 16, 1999 to September 16, 2006 with "Kipper", "Maisy", and "Miss Spider's Sunny Patch Friends" and is based on the children's book series. In the United States, the programme aired on Noggin/Nick Jr. and Knowledge. In 2011, a new series called "Franklin and Friends" was introduced by Nelvana.

paragraphs: The show aired on Nickelodeon's Nick Jr. block and later aired on Noggin and its successor, Nick Jr. channel. It has been taken off the air in the United States, but is still shown in several countries.


title: Johnny Cage

paragraphs: Johnny Cage is a fictional character in the "Mortal Kombat" games for video game consoles.

paragraphs: He was portrayed in games by Andrew Bowen.


title: Twinkie

paragraphs: A Twinkie is a golden sponge cake which has a creamy filling. The Twinkie was created by James A. Dewar in 1930 and is made by Hostess. Twinkies can also be deep-fried and this was inspired by the deep-fried Mars bar. The Twinkie was originally filled with banana cream inside but was forced to switch to the vanilla cream flavour during the Second World War because the bananas were rationed. Twinkies have around 150 calories in each bar. Twinkies have a cookbook and it has over 50 recipes. Twinkies also have a mascot called "Twinkie the Kid" which is an anthropomorphized Twinkie.


title: Ryan Getzlaf

paragraphs: Ryan Getzlaf (born May 10, 1985 in Regina, Saskatchewan) is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre. He currently plays for the Anaheim Ducks of the National Hockey League (NHL) where he is the current captain. He was drafted by the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim (now Anaheim Ducks) in the first round with the 19th pick in 2003.

paragraphs: He played in the WHL for the Calgary Hitmen where he played four seasons.

paragraphs: Getzlaf won a gold medal at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver.


title: Big Pun

paragraphs: Christopher Rios (November 10, 1930– February 7, 2000) was an American rapper better known by his stage name, Big Pun. Big Pun rose to fame when he met rapper Fat Joe in 1995 and appeared on Fat Joe's album, "Jealous Ones Envy". Big Pun has a DVD titled "Big Pun: The Legacy". It is about his life and has interviews with many rappers such as Snoop Dogg, Xzibit and DMX talking about Pun's impact on their lives.

paragraphs: Big Pun died on February 7, 2000 in White Plains, New York from a massive heart attack. At the time of his death, he weighed 698 pounds (317 kg). He was Puerto-Rican.


title: Ángel Sánchez (baseball)

paragraphs: Ángel Luis Sánchez (born September 20, 1983 in Humacao, Puerto Rico) is a Puerto Rican baseball player. He plays Shortstop for the Houston Astros of Major League Baseball (MLB).

paragraphs: Sánchez has formerly played for the Kansas City Royals from 2006-10, the Boston Red Sox and was then traded by the Red Sox to the Houston Astros for Kevin Cash.


title: John Scott

paragraphs: John Howard Scott (born September 26, 1982) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman/winger. He played for the San Jose Sharks, Minnesota Wild, Chicago Blackhawks, New York Rangers, and Buffalo Sabres of the National Hockey League.

paragraphs: Scott formerly played for the Minnesota Wild for 2 seasons, the Chicago Blackhawks for 2 seasons and the New York Rangers for 4 games. On July 1, 2012, he signed a one-year deal with the Buffalo Sabres. He was re-signed to a $750,000, one-year contract extension by the Sabres on May 20, 2013. Scott played college hockey with the Michigan Tech Huskies.

paragraphs: On July 2, 2014, Scott signed one-year, $700,000 contract with the San Jose Sharks.


title: Kevin Cash

paragraphs: Kevin Forrest Cash (born December 6, 1977 in Tampa, Florida) is an American baseball manager for the Tampa Bay Rays of Major League Baseball (MLB). He previously played catcher for the Boston Red Sox, Houston Astros, New York Yankees, Tampa Bay Devil Rays, and Toronto Blue Jays.


title: Armor for Sleep

paragraphs: Armor for Sleep was an American Alternative rock band. They formed in 2001 in New Jersey and disbanded in 2009 because of being inactive and not undertaking a tour for over a year. The members of the group were Ben Jorgensen, the singer, who also played the rhythm guitar, PJ DeCicco, who played the guitar, Anthony DiIonno, who played the Bass guitar and Nash Breen, who played the guitar.


title: Haralson County, Georgia

paragraphs: Haralson County, Georgia is a county in the state of Georgia. The county's capital is Buchanan. It has a population of 25,000 people, and over 28,000 guessed currently.


title: Hank Bassen

paragraphs: Henry "Hank, Red" Bassen (December 6, 1932 – May 29, 2009) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender that spent most of his NHL career as a back-up goalie playing for the Chicago Black Hawks, Pittsburgh Penguins and Detroit Red Wings.

paragraphs: Bassen had cancer. He died of a heart attack.


title: Bremen, Georgia

paragraphs: Bremen, Georgia (originally named Kramer, and was later changed to honor Bremen, Germany) is a city in the county of Haralson County in the state of Georgia. It has a population of over 4,000.


title: Bad Lieutenant

paragraphs: Bad Lieutenant is a 1992 American crime drama movie starring Harvey Keitel in the title role as a New York City police detective. The movie is rated NC-17, though an R-rated version of the movie exists. It was directed by Abel Ferrara. Also appearing in the movie are Zoe Lund and Victor Argo.


title: Mur de la peste

paragraphs: The Mur de la peste or plague wall was built in the Vaucluse Mountains to stop the spread of the plague. Between 1720 and 1722, there was an epidemic in the Provence and in Marseille. The wall is built of dry stone, and was about 27 km long. Today, a part of the wall still stands, near Murs. Along the wall, there were watchtowers for guardposts.


title: Simply Bird

paragraphs: Simply Bird (), by the Thai recording artist, "Thongchai McIntyre", is his fifteenth studio album. On November 26, 2007, the album was released by GMM Grammy.

paragraphs: Mostly songs in this album are smooth, some speed. Further various such as R&B, hip hop, pop/rock


title: Melaleuca leucadendra

paragraphs: Melaleuca leucadendra is a tree known as the weeping paperbark. It belongs to the "Melaleuca" genus. It is found in the northern parts of Australia (Western Australia, the Northern Territory and Queensland). It is also found further north in the Solomon Islands and in New Guinea.

paragraphs: "Melaleuca leucadendra" is similar to the broad-leaf paperbark ("Melaleuca quinquenervia"), which has a thick spongy bark. However, "M. leucadendra" has brighter green

paragraphs: "Melaleuca leucadendra" also has the common name 'Cajuput tree', from the Malay word "kayu putih" – meaning "white wood". Cajuput oil can be got from its leaves.


title: Royal Rumble (2010)

paragraphs: Royal Rumble (2010) was the twenty-third annual Royal Rumble professional wrestling pay-per-view event made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It took place on January 31, 2010 at the Philips Arena in Atlanta, Georgia. As always, the Royal Rumble match winner got a match at that years WrestleMania, (in this instance: WrestleMania XXVI) for his choice at either the WWE Championship, the World Heavyweight Championship and the ECW World Championship.

paragraphs: Six professional wrestling matches were on the event's supercard, a scheduling of more than one main event. The main event was the annual 30-man Royal Rumble match which featured wrestlers from all three brands. Edge, the twenty-ninth person to enter, won the match by last eliminating John Cena, the nineteenth person to enter. The main match on the Raw brand was for the WWE Championship between champion Sheamus and Randy Orton, which Sheamus won by disqualification. The main match on the SmackDown brand was between The Undertaker and Rey Mysterio for the World Heavyweight Championship, which The Undertaker won. The main match on the ECW brand was for the ECW Championship between Christian and Ezekiel Jackson, which Christian won.

paragraphs: Red ██ and "Raw" indicates a Raw superstar, blue ██ and "SD" indicates a SmackDown superstar, and purple ██ and "ECW" indicates an ECW superstar.


title: Silverstone Circuit

paragraphs: Silverstone Circuit is an English motor racing circuit next to the Northamptonshire villages of Silverstone and Whittlebury. Nearly half of the circuit is across the Northamptonshire boundary in Buckinghamshire. The closest large towns are Northampton and Milton Keynes. It is best known as the home of the British Grand Prix, which it first hosted in 1948 and which has been held on the circuit every year since 1987. The circuit is also home to the BRDC International Trophy, awarded to the winner of a race for historic F1 cars at the annual Silverstone Classic meeting.

paragraphs: Silverstone Circuit is built on the site of RAF Silverstone, a World War II Royal Air Force bomber station. RAF Silverstone opened in 1943.

paragraphs: Silverstone was first used for racing by a group of friends who set up their own race in September 1947. Maurice Geoghegan, lived in Silverstone village and was knew that the airfield was deserted. He and eleven other drivers raced over a two-mile circuit. Geoghegan's car ran over a sheep and killed it. The car was beyond repair. This informal race became known as the "Mutton Grand Prix".

paragraphs: The next year the Royal Automobile Club leased the airfield and set-up a more formal racing circuit. Their first two races were held on the runways, with long straights and tight hairpin corners. For 1948, it was decided to switch to the perimeter track. This arrangement was used for the and British Grands Prix. Several small changes were made in the track before the track underwent a major redesign after the race.

paragraphs: Following the deaths of Ayrton Senna and Roland Ratzenberger at the San Marino Grand Prix, many Grand Prix circuits were modified in order to reduce speed and increase driver safety. The entry from Hangar Straight into Stowe Corner was modified in 1995 so as to make its entry less dangerous and less challenging. The high speed Abbey kink was changed to a chicane in just 19 days before the Grand Prix.

paragraphs: Silverstone has suffered with bad traffic delays on race days. The traffic problem was improved when the A43 Silverstone bypass was built. When the race date was moved to April in 2000] heavy rain turned the fields used for parking into mud pits, causing severe problems for the spectators trying to park. On F1 race day many spectators travel to the circuit by helicopter. Silverstone Heliport is the busiest airport in the UK for this day.

paragraphs: Silverstone is the current home of the British Grand Prix, which it first hosted in 1948. The British Grand Prix at Silverstone was the first race in the newly created Formula One World Championship. The race rotated between Silverstone, Aintree and Brands Hatch from 1955 to 1986. In 1987 the rotation stopped and the race stayed at Silverstone.

paragraphs: In 2004, Silverstone was in danger of losing the Grand Prix. There was even the possibility that the British Grand Prix would not be run in 2005. In December an agreement was reached with Formula One Silverstone would host the British Grand Prix until 2009. Starting in 2010 Donington Park would become the new host of the British Grand Prix. Then the Donington Park leaseholders ran into economic problems. A new deal with Formula One resulted in a 17-year deal to hold the British Grand Prix at Silverstone.

paragraphs: The Dunlop MSA British Touring Car Championship withdrew the track from its calendar in 2007. Strong demand brought the series back to Silverstone for the 2008 BTCC calendar. Silverstone also hosts rounds of the FIA GT, British Superbikes, British F3, British GT and Le Mans Series championships as well as many club racing series. It is also host to the UK's only 24-hour car race, the Britcar 24, which is gaining in popularity, having first started in 2005.

paragraphs: It has in the past hosted exhibition rounds of the D1 Grand Prix both in 2005 and 2006. The course makes use of both Brooklands and Luffield corners to form an S-bend – a requirement in drifting. The section is currently used to host a European Drift Championship round. The Course also hosts the Formula Student Competition by the iMeche yearly.

paragraphs: In 2010 Silverstone hosted its very first Superleague Formula event.

paragraphs: Both the FIM and Silverstone agree the circuit needs to be remodeled for motorcycle racing. The riders are concerned over the closeness of the bridge at Bridge corner.

paragraphs: On 22 January 2010 it was confirmed that Silverstone would host the British round of the 2010 Superbike World Championship season. The race was moved after Donington Park was deemed "un-raceable".

paragraphs: Like most racing circuits around the world, the Silverstone Circuit has a number of different layouts. The layouts offer different lengths and complexity.


title: Lovely Rita

paragraphs: "Lovely Rita" is a song by The Beatles performed on the album "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band", written and sung by Paul McCartney, although as with all McCartney-written Beatles songs it is credited to Lennon/McCartney. It is about a female parking attendant and the narrator's love for her.

paragraphs: The term "meter-maid" was largely unknown in the UK prior to the song's release. It is American slang for a female traffic warden, now officially known by the gender-neutral term parking attendant. According to some sources, the song emanates from when a female traffic warden named Meta Davis gave a parking ticket to McCartney outside Abbey Road Studios. Instead of becoming angry, he accepted it with good grace and expressed his feelings in song. When asked why he had called her "Rita", McCartney replied, "Well, she looked like a Rita to me".

paragraphs: Recording began on 23 February 1967. Using a four-track recorder, this first performance featured Harrison's guitar on track 1, Lennon's guitar on track 2, Ringo's drums on track 3, and McCartney's piano set on track 4. The band later added lead vocal, bass, and a three-part backing vocal section. By 21 March, the final mono mix was completed and a month later, the stereo mix was done.

paragraphs: The unusual noises during the song after the lines "and the bag across her shoulder/ made her look a little like a military man" were John Lennon, Paul McCartney, and George Harrison playing comb and paper. Mal Evans was sent to Abbey Road's lavatories to get toilet paper (which was stamped with the words, "PROPERTY OF EMI"). This was used to cover hair combs, which they blew through to sound like a kazoo orchestra.

paragraphs: Pink Floyd watched the Beatles recording "Lovely Rita". It is rumored that "Lovely Rita" influenced the song "Pow R. Toc H." found on their first album, "The Piper at the Gates of Dawn".

paragraphs: Shawn Phillips has said in an interview that he performed background vocals on the track.


title: Cali

paragraphs: Cali (official name, Santiago de Cali) is the capital of Valle del Cauca department in Colombia and the third most populated city in the country, after Bogotá and Medellín. Like other department capitals, it is home of the Valle del Cauca Governance, Departmental assembly, The Court of Justice, and other official institutions.

paragraphs: Santiago de Cali was founded in 1536 and although is one of the oldest cities in America, only until the 1930s accelerated its development to become one of the major economic and industrial centers of the country and the main urban center, cultural, economic, industrial and agriculture of southwestern of Colombia.

paragraphs: The city has a compound name in the fashion of almost all Spanish settlements in America. Santiago (one of the most popular names on the continent thanks to the devotion of Santiago de Compostela in Spain), lives up to the Apostle Santiago. Cali was founded 25 July, the day which marks the date of the Apostle Santiago, principal patron of Europe. So given this name to the city. Cali, derived from the word of the Páez language, "Caly" (Knitting). Like many others placements of the department. Ej: "Buga" (Large clay pot), "Yumbo" (Flood, river bank, large river.), "Sonso" (Frog), "Dagua" (A type of tree), "Petecué" (Macaw), "Tulua" (Orchad), "Chipichape" (Cooked corn kernels), "Yotoco" (fans the flame), "Quilichao" (Flame sheds), "Changos" (Chisel).

paragraphs: Santiago de Cali is one of the oldest cities in Colombia, and the Americas. Its foundation dates back to 1536 by the conquistador Sebastian de Belalcazar (one of the indigenous genocide of the time), to just three years after the foundation of Cartagena de Indias (1533), two years before the foundation of Santa Fe de Bogotá (1538) and 26 years of the founding of the first Hispanic population on the continent: Santa María la Antigua del Darién (1510), missing.

paragraphs: The city is located at coordinates ((coord | 3 | 27 | 00 | N | 76 | 32 | 00 | W)), in the department of Valle del Cauca. Geographically Cali is in the valley of the Cauca River, the second largest in the country. At the height of Cali this valley is 35 km wide and the urban area is on the west side of river. The western part of the city is guarded by the famous Farallones de Cali, which are part of the Cordillera Occidental of the Colombian Andes.

paragraphs: The municipality of Cali bordered to the north with Yumbo and La Cumbre, in the northeast by Palmira and east to Candelaria. To the south is the municipality of Jamundí, rural areas of Buenaventura in the southwest, and Dagua to the northwest.

paragraphs: The city is flat with an average elevation of 1,000 m. Cali is situated besides a focal and strategic point: to the west (approximately 100 km) is connected with the port of Buenaventura on the Pacific coast, and northeastern industrial center that conforms to Yumbo the Metropolitan Area of Cali. The city is a step in addition to the Pan-American Highway and therefore a must from Colombia to the Ecuador.

paragraphs: The main river of the city and the department is the Cauca River, the part of the municipality comes from the mouth of the river Jamundí to the border between Cali and Yumbo. The Cauca is a sinuous on his way through the department of Valle, 40 miles sailed in the municipality, advanced only 26 km south-north after multiple meanders.

paragraphs: The climate is tropical savanna. The Western Cordillera blocks of moist air fronts from the Pacific Ocean although it is notable that the sea breeze comes to town. The Western Cordillera has 2,000 m average altitude in the north of the city and reached the 4,000 m in the south, this makes in the city the southwestern region that is more rainy than Northwest. The average annual precipitation ranges from 900 mm in the drier areas to 1,800 mm in wetter areas, with 1,000 mm average over most of the metropolitan area of Cali. The average temperature is 26 °C (79 °F) with a minimum average of 19 °C (66 °F) and a maximum average of 34 °C (93 °F). Dry seasons are December to March and July to August and the rainy season from April to June.

paragraphs: The location in the Cauca Valley, the climate and terrain, make the city an area of great natural wealth. The confluence of rivers and other water sources make the region a natural output of crops such as sugar cane and animal breeding.

paragraphs: As for minerals, although Valle del Cauca is not a metal region, in the city of Cali there are several coal mines in formations called Guachinte and Ferreira, in the south and north of the urban area. In the northern part of the urban area, extending to Yumbo is open pit mining for construction materials.

paragraphs: Cali have a great number's of Universities and Knowledge Centers, that make the city one of the principal centers of education in the country.

paragraphs: The principal university in cali, is the Universidad del Valle (Univalle), University of Valley, Public institution founded in 1945, serves a demand of 29 000 students in undergraduate and graduate (8000 in the regional headquarters), at the headquarters of Cali, 20 800 are undergraduates and 2380 graduate and doctoral programs. It is the leading research and academic center of southwestern Colombia. It has the largest library in the region with 628 569 copies (307 514 books). is among the best national universities and South America.

paragraphs: Icesi University, Pontifical Javeriana University, Autonomy University of Western, Saint Buenaventura University, Santiago de Cali University, and many others technical and technological institutes.


title: Functional group

paragraphs: In organic chemistry, a group of specific atoms, or a specific arrangement of atoms, can form a functional group. These groups determine the way a compound behaves physically and chemically.


title: Good Morning Good Morning

paragraphs: "Good Morning Good Morning" is a song written by John Lennon (credited to Lennon/McCartney) and performed by The Beatles on the 1967 "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band" album.

paragraphs: Inspiration for the song came to Lennon from a television commercial for Kellogg's Corn Flakes. The jingle went: "Good morning, good morning, The best to you each morning, Sunshine Breakfast, Kellogg's Corn Flakes, Crisp and full of fun".

paragraphs: The line ""It's time for tea and Meet the Wife"" refers to a BBC sitcom, "Meet the Wife".

paragraphs: The track was recorded on 8 February 1967, with overdubs (extra music that's recorded into the song) on 16 February (bass and vocals), 13 March (brass section), 28 March (backing vocals and guitar solo), and 29 March (animal noises). The guitar solo was played by Paul McCartney.

paragraphs: At Lennon's request, George Martin brought in Sounds Incorporated to play the brass section with their signature saxophone sound.

paragraphs: Lennon asked engineer Geoff Emerick to arrange the animal noises heard at beginning as well as the end of the song so that the animal heard was one capable of devouring or frightening the animal that came before it..

paragraphs: The final sound effect of a chicken clucking was so placed that it transforms into the guitar on the following track, "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (Reprise)".

paragraphs: In the mono version, the length is 2:35, whereas in the stereo version, the length is 2:41 because there are more animal noises.


title: A Day in the Life

paragraphs: "A Day in the Life" is a song by the English rock group The Beatles. It is the last song on the group's 1967 album "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band". It is a very famous song.

paragraphs: Many people think that the first verse was written about the death of Tara Browne, the 21-year-old heir to the Guinness fortune and close friend of Lennon and McCartney, who had crashed his Lotus Elan on 18 December 1966 when a Volkswagen pulled out of a side street into his path in Redcliffe Gardens, Earls Court. In many interviews, Lennon said this was the verse's main inspiration. However, George Martin thinks that it is a drug reference (as is the line "I'd love to turn you on" and other passages from the song) and while writing the lyrics Lennon and McCartney were imagining a stoned politician who had stopped at a set of traffic lights.

paragraphs: The description of the accident in "A Day in the Life" was not a literal description of Browne's fatal accident. Lennon said, "I didn't copy the accident. Tara didn't blow his mind out, but it was in my mind when I was writing that verse. The details of the accident in the song — not noticing traffic lights and a crowd forming at the scene — were similarly part of the fiction."

paragraphs: The final verse was inspired by an article in the "Daily Mail" in January 1967 regarding a substantial number of potholes in Blackburn, a town in Lancashire. However, he had a problem with the words of the final verse, not being able to think of how to connect "Now they know how many holes it takes to" and "the Albert Hall". His friend Terry Doran suggested that they would "fill" the Albert Hall.

paragraphs: "A Day in the Life" is in the key of G major, but, as Alan W. Pollack explains, "its true center of gravity is in the parallel minor and Major keys of E." The verses are in G-major/E-minor and the bridge is in E-major. A 4/4 meter is used throughout.

paragraphs: The song is laid out with an instrumental beginning, followed by three verses (0:13), an orchestral crescendo (1:45), a middle section (2:16), an orchestral bridge (2:49), the final verse (3:19), a second orchestral climax (3:50), and a final piano chord (4:21–5:05).

paragraphs: Each verse sung by Lennon follows the same basic layout, but each has a different way of ending. The first verse, which is twenty measures, ends with a repetition of the F major chord progression before returning to the home key. The second verse, two measures shorter than the first, ends on the C major chord rather than repeating the F major progression. The third verse is the same as the second, except that there is one more measure (to accommodate the "I'd love to"), and the verse does not return to the home key. Instead it leads to a bridge, a long climax starting from low E to an E several octaves higher. Random cymbal crashes are interspersed near the end to "challenge your sense of meter".

paragraphs: An alarm clock rings, beginning McCartney's verse. While the pulse of this section remains the same, the accents suggest a tempo twice as fast as that of the verses before. The three chords in this nineteen measures long section are the I, flat VII, and V chords (E, D, and B). This is followed by an orchestral bridge: a repeated circle of fifths (from C to E) over twenty measures. The bridge is accompanied by a wordless vocal ("Ahhhh...") and leads to the fourth and final verse.

paragraphs: The final verse has the same layout as the third verse. Starr's drumming, however, retains its double-time feel from McCartney's section. This verse leads to the second crescendo. However, after the orchestra hits its highest note, there is a measure of silence, which leads to the final E-major piano chord.

paragraphs: Following the final orchestral climax, the song ends with one of the most famous final chords in music history. Lennon, McCartney, Starr, and Evans shared three different pianos, with Martin on the Harmonium, and all played an E-major chord simultaneously. The final chord was made to ring out for over forty seconds by increasing the recording sound level as the vibration faded out. Towards the end of the chord the recording level was so high that listeners can hear the sounds of the studio, including rustling papers and a squeaking chair.

paragraphs: The piano chord was a replacement for a failed vocal experiment: on the evening following the orchestra recording session, the four Beatles had recorded an ending of their voices humming the chord, but after multiple overdubs they wanted something with more impact.

paragraphs: McCartney provided the fourth verse of the song, a short piano piece he had been working on by himself, with lyrics about a commuter whose uneventful morning routine leads him to drift off into a dream. He had written the piece as a wistful recollection of his younger years, which included riding the bus to school, smoking, and going to class. The line "I'd love to turn you on", which concludes both verse sections, was, according to Lennon, also contributed by McCartney; Lennon said "I had the bulk of the song and the words, but he contributed this little lick floating around in his head that he couldn't use for anything."


title: Maks Ćatović

paragraphs: Maks Catovic (born October 9, 1950 in Despotovac, Serbia, fomer Yugoslavia) is a movie producer who used to be the President of Komuna Belgrade, Serbia.

paragraphs: From 1985 he is owner and CEO of Komuna, working for movies including "Underground" Palme dOr winner (2005) and "Black Cat, White Cat" Silver Lion winner in Venice (2008).

paragraphs: Catovic has recently working as concert promoter too in Former Yugoslavia. Luciano Pavarotti, Madonna, AC/DC, Sting, Metallica among many others were playing in Serbia and Montenegro.


title: Climbing harness

paragraphs: A climbing harness (or simply harness) is used by rock climbers. It is used to secure the climber to a piece of rope. It is one of the basic parts of the rock climbing equipment.


title: Alcester

paragraphs: Alcester is a Roman market town in Warwickshire, England. It is about 8 miles west of Stratford-upon-Avon. In 2001, 6,214 people lived there.

paragraphs: The River Alne joins with the River Arrow at Alcester.


title: Aldeburgh

paragraphs: Aldeburgh is a coastal town in the English county of Suffolk. It is on the Alde river.

paragraphs: Many people take a weekend trip to Aldeburgh. One of the main attractions is Moot Hall. Other attractions include a Napoleonic era defensive fort (known as a Martello tower), a sheltered yachting marina, and two Fish and chips shops


title: Computer vision syndrome

paragraphs: Computer vision syndrome or CVS is when someone's sight goes blurry because they have been looking at a computer screen for too long.

paragraphs: Sometimes, simply changing a work environment to have better ergonomics is all that needs to be done to reduce eye strain and other vision problems related to CVS. In some cases, a good pair of computer eyeglasses may help someone see better at the right distance range needed for looking at a computer screen.

paragraphs: A way of preventing CVS is to take breaks while using computers.


title: McLaren Grand Prix results

paragraphs: The table below details World Championship Grand Prix results for the McLaren Formula One team. The second table includes results from privately owned McLaren cars in World Championship Grands Prix.

paragraphs: <nowiki>^</nowiki> Points total includes points scored by private entries.


title: Dale Jarrett

paragraphs: Dale Arnold Jarrett (born November 26, 1956) is a retired American racecar driver. Jarret used to drive in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series. He won the 1999 Winston Cup championship and the 1993 Daytona 500. Jarrett has been called one of NASCAR's 50 greatest drivers. Jarrett retired in 2008 and now does Commentary for NBC. His father is NASCAR legend Ned Jarrett.


title: 2007 Formula One espionage controversy

paragraphs: The 2007 Formula One espionage controversy, also known as "Spygate," or "Stepneygate" involves claim that the teams passed confidential technical information. It was claimed that McLaren Formula One had information from the Ferrari team. Then it was claimed that Renault F1 had information from the McLaren team.

paragraphs: The case involved Nigel Stepney, who used to work for Ferrari and was working at the time for McLaren. It also included Mike Coughlan, who was working for McLaren and his wife Trudy Coughlan. Ferrari claimed that Stepney stole confidential technical information. This became the subject of legal action in Italy and an FIA investigation. The case in England was dropped after Ferrari reached an agreement with the Coughlans.

paragraphs: The FIA penalized McLaren. The biggest penalty was that McLaren excluded (not allowed to compete) from the Constructors' Championship. They were also fined a record-breaking $100 million (USD).

paragraphs: Then the FIA claimed Renault F1 had information about the 2006 and 2007 McLaren cars. Renault were found guilty of breaking the same regulation as McLaren, but Renault was not punished.

paragraphs: Nigel Stepney was working at Ferrari with Jean Todt, Ross Brawn and Rory Byrne. Michael Schumacher was their superstar driver. They were part of the team given the credit for changing the of fortunes of Ferrari in the late 1990s.

paragraphs: In February 2007, Stepney said he was unhappy with some management changes made at Ferrari. On 3 July 2007, "Gazzetta dello Sport" reported that Ferrari had fired Stepney as a result an internal investigation.

paragraphs: The same day Ferrari fired Stepney, they announced taking action against an engineer from McLaren, later named as Mike Coughlan. Coughlan was suspended by McLaren as a result. Court details released say that Mike Coughlan is accused to be in possession of Ferrari documentation, and that his wife is accused of photocopying them.

paragraphs: On 8 November 2007, the FIA announced that the Renault F1 team would be need to answer a charge of possession of confidential information relating to the 2006 and 2007 McLaren Formula One cars. The statement issued by the FIA states that Renault F1 was found to have information used by the 2006 and 2007 McLaren F1 cars.

paragraphs: On 6 July 2007, Honda Racing F1 released a statement confirming that Stepney and Coughlan approached the team regarding "job opportunities" in June 2007. Honda said that no confidential information had been offered or received.


title: Lithium oxide

paragraphs: Lithium oxide is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is LiO. It contains lithium and oxide ions.

paragraphs: Lithium oxide is a white solid. It is a strong base. It is corrosive when dissolved in water. Lithium oxide dissolves in water to make lithium hydroxide. It reacts with acids to make lithium salts. It reacts with carbon dioxide to form lithium carbonate. Lithium carbonate is much less corrosive. It makes a red color in a flame.

paragraphs: When lithium is burned to air, it forms lithium oxide. This reaction also makes lithium nitride. It can also be made by heating lithium peroxide.

paragraphs: It is used as a flux in glazing ceramics. It can be used in scientific research. It could also be used in lithium ion batteries.

paragraphs: Lithium oxide is very corrosive. It reacts with water to make lithium hydroxide. It is toxic because of its strong alkalinity (being a base).


title: Lithium carbonate

paragraphs: Lithium carbonate is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is LiCO. It contains lithium and carbonate ions.

paragraphs: Lithium carbonate is a white solid. It dissolves in water, although not as much as sodium carbonate. It reacts with acids to make carbon dioxide. It can react with carbon dioxide temporarily to make the bicarbonate.

paragraphs: It can be made by mixing lithium oxide or lithium hydroxide and carbon dioxide.

paragraphs: Lithium is extracted from two main sources: pegmatite crystals and lithium compounds from brine pools. It is also found in the rare mineral zabuyelite.

paragraphs: Lithium carbonate is used in various medications for treating bipolar disorder. It is also used in fireworks to make a bright red color. It is used in processing metal oxides. It can be used to make glass. It is used to glaze ceramics. It can also be used to dry cement. It is used in making lithium ion batteries. It is used in carbon dioxide detectors. It is also used make the cathodes of most lithium-ion batteries, which are made from lithium cobalt oxide.

paragraphs: Lithium carbonate is somewhat toxic. It is a base, and reacts with strong acids.


title: Lithium chloride

paragraphs: Lithium chloride is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is LiCl. It contains lithium and chloride ions.

paragraphs: Lithium chloride is a colorless solid. It makes a bright red color in a flame. It absorbs water, unlike other alkali metal chlorides. It also dissolves more easily in water than other alkali metal chlorides.

paragraphs: Lithium chloride can be made by igniting lithium and chlorine, but it is difficult because the reaction is violent. This makes the anhydrous (without water attached) form. Another way is mixing lithium oxide, lithium hydroxide, or lithium carbonate with hydrochloric acid. This makes the hydrate (water attached to the molecule). The hydrous form can be dried to the anhydrous form by heating it with hydrogen chloride gas.

paragraphs: Lithium chloride is used to make lithium metal. Lithium chloride is melted and electrolyzed. This makes liquid lithium metal. It is used to dry air. It is also used as a flux for aluminium. It can be used in making organic compounds. It can be used to color flames red.

paragraphs: Lithium chloride is somewhat toxic. It was going to be used as a salt substitute but people found that it is toxic. It affects the central nervous system.


title: Oxidation state

paragraphs: Oxidation state (or oxidation number) refers to the number of electrons added to or removed from an element when it forms a chemical compound. Sodium metal, for example, has an oxidation state of 0 in the elemental state. But when it gives up its one valence (outer) electron (symbolized by e), it becomes a sodium ion Na with an oxidation state of +1. Iron is another example. It can lose two electrons, forming an oxidation state of +2; or it can lose three electrons, forming an oxidation state of +3.

paragraphs: If elements gain electrons, they have negative oxidation states. If chlorine gains an electron, it forms a Cl ion (chloride) and has oxidation state of −1. If sulfur gains two electrons, it forms an S ion (sulfide) and has oxidation state of −2.

paragraphs: The Na ions and Cl ions then form a compound, NaCl, sodium chloride (table salt). Or the Fe and S ions form FeS, iron sulfide.

paragraphs: All free elements have an oxidation state of 0.

paragraphs: Examples: potassium permanganate with the formula KMnO has Mn in oxidation state +7, and CrO has Cr in oxidation state +6.


title: Oxidizing agent

paragraphs: Oxidizing agent can have two meanings. It can be a chemical that releases oxygen atoms. For example, potassium chlorate has a chemical formula of KClO. When it oxidizes a reducing agent, such as powdered aluminium metal, it loses its oxygen to the aluminium and becomes potassium chloride, KCl.

paragraphs: Another definition is a chemical that accepts electrons from a reducing agent. For example, potassium permanganate has an oxidation state of +7. In an acid solution, it gains 5 electrons (e). It becomes a manganese compound with an oxidation state of +2. Most oxidizing agents of the second definition have oxygen, but not all. For example, fluorine (F) does not have any oxygen in it. It is also the most powerful oxidizing agent. When it acts as an oxidizing agent, it gains an electron to transfer from an oxidation state of 0 to an oxidation state of -1.


title: Reducing agent

paragraphs: Reducing agent is a chemical that gives away electrons to another chemical compound, the oxidizing agent. For example, zinc is a reducing agent. When it reacts with an oxidizing agent, it gives up two electrons, changing its oxidation state from 0 to +2. All chemical elements have an oxidation state of 0.


title: Reduction (chemistry)

paragraphs: Reduction is a chemical reaction that involves the gaining of electrons by one of the atoms involved in the reaction between two chemicals. The term refers to the element that accepts electrons, as the oxidation state of the element that gains electrons is lowered.

paragraphs: An example of a reduction is when iron reacts with oxygen, forming iron oxides such as those called rust. The iron is oxidized and the oxygen is reduced. This is called redox. A blast furnace reverses that reaction, using carbon monoxide as a reducing agent to reduce the iron.


title: Electroplating

paragraphs: Electroplating is the coating of an object with a metal. It is done by immersing the object and a bar of the metal in a solution containing the metal ions. Electric current is then applied; the positive goes to the metal and the negative goes to the object. The metal bar dissolves in the solution and plates out on the object, forming a thin but durable coating of metal. It is often used to gold-plate objects for decoration or to stop corrosion. Normally the metal becomes fragile, and is only used for display.


title: Potassium hydroxide

paragraphs: Potassium hydroxide is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is KOH. It contains potassium and hydroxide ions.

paragraphs: It is a white powder. It dissolves easily in water to make a basic solution. It is corrosive to skin. It reacts with acids to give potassium salts. It is less common than sodium hydroxide. About 700,000 tons are made each year. It is hygroscopic, meaning that it absorbs water from the air and forms a solution. It is very hard to get the water out again. It releases heat when it is dissolved in water, similar to sodium hydroxide. It gradually reacts with carbon dioxide in the air to form potassium carbonate. It melts easily. It feels greasy when it gets on the skin because it makes soap from the fat in your skin. It is made when potassium reacts with water.

paragraphs: It is made by electrolysis of a potassium chloride solution. It can also be made by reacting calcium hydroxide with potassium carbonate. The calcium carbonate precipitates and is filtered, leaving potassium hydroxide.

paragraphs: It is used to make soap. It is also used in organic chemistry. It can be used to make fertilizers and other potassium compounds. It is used to make diesel from plants. It is used in alkaline cells and nicads as an electrolyte. It can be used to identify mushrooms.


title: Elverta, California

paragraphs: Elverta is an unincorporated community northwest of Sacramento, California. It was named after Elverta Dike, whose husband donated property to a nearby church. It is in Sacramento County, California. The postal code of the city is 95626. In 2008 there were 6,704 people living in Elverta. Elverta is about to Sacramento, California, miles from Rio Linda, California of Roseville, California, and of Antelope, California. In 2000 there were 6,178 people living in Elverta. In other areas of Sacramento County they share the zip code 95626, also Placer County and Sutter County.

paragraphs: It was named after Elverta Dike, whose husband donated property to a nearby church. The community of Elverta/Rio Linda is on the part on the land grant of Rancho Del Paso of 1844. In 1910, a company named Fruit Land Company of Minneapolis got of the grant and in 1912 the area was splited with Elverta and Rio Linda.

paragraphs: Elverta is an unincoporated community and it is part of the Sacramento metropolitan area; the metropolitan area including Sacramento (State capital and County seat of California), also Arden-Arcade and Roseville.

paragraphs: According to the United States Census Bureau, the unincorporated community has a total area of 9.1 square miles .


title: Elena Kagan

paragraphs: Elena Kagan (born April 28, 1960) is an American lawyer and judge. She is a United States Supreme Court Justice. She was confirmed by the United States Senate on August 5, 2010. She is one of three women on the court. Kagan is the only Supreme Court Justice who had never been a judge before becoming a Justice. Before being a Justice, she was Solicitor General and dean of Harvard Law School. Kagan was born and raised in New York City and is Jewish.


title: Sonia Sotomayor

paragraphs: Sonia Sotomayor (born: June 25, 1954) is a United States Supreme Court justice. She has been on the Court since 2009, and was on a lower court before that. When on the lower court, she ended the 1994 baseball strike. She is the first and only Latina (hispanic women) on the Court. Sotomayor is Puerto Rican and is from the Bronx.

paragraphs: Sotomayor was born in New York City to parents who were from Puerto Rico. As a child, she was interested in reading the Nancy Drew series and other detective stories. She had a rough childhood since her alcoholic father died when she was nine. Throughout her time in high school and at Princeton, Sotomayor was a charismatic and inspirational leader. She graduated Princeton with a history degree, went to Yale University to study law and then served as a U.S District Court judge and judge for U.S Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.


title: Suzanne Collins

paragraphs: Suzanne Collins (born 1962) is a writer from the U.S. state of Connecticut. She is known for writing in the fantasy and science fiction genre.

paragraphs: Collins started her writing career in 1991. She wrote for some television series. Later she wrote a couple of picture books and a five part series called "The Underland Chronicles". In 2008, Collins published the first book of the science fiction trilogy, "The Hunger Games". Soon after her publications of "The Hunger Games", this trilogy became a series of movies.

paragraphs: In 2003, Collins published the first book of her five book series called "The Underland Chronicles". The books in the series are "Gregor the Overlander", "Gregor and the Prophecy of Bane", "Gregor and the Curse of the Warmbloods", "Gregor and the Marks of Secret", and "Gregor and the Code of Claw".

paragraphs: In 2008 she published the science fiction novel "The Hunger Games". This was the first part of a trilogy. The other two books are "Catching Fire" (2009) and "Mockingjay" (2010). The first book was a "New York Times" best seller. It was named in "Publishers Weekly"'s "Best Books of the Year" in 2008. Lions Gate Entertainment made a movie of the book. The movie received positive reviews from Stephen King and Stephenie Meyer. The first movie was released in 2012. It became very popular. Lions Gate Entertainment decided to make movies of the two other books. "" (the movie) was released in 2014. The first part of the movie "" came out in late 2014.

paragraphs: In 2013, Collins published the book "Year of the Jungle".


title: Calcium chloride

paragraphs: Calcium chloride is a chemical compound made of calcium and chlorine atoms. It has the formula of CaCl. It absorbs water from the air and releases heat when it is dissolved in water. It is used as a de-icer on roads to melt the ice. It can be formed by mixture of calcium oxide with hydrochloric acid, but this produces a version that is hydrated (has water molecules attached to it). The anhydrous (no water molecules attached) form is needed most of the time. Calcium chloride is melted at a high temperature and electrolyzed to produce calcium metal.


title: Bob Probert

paragraphs: Robert Alan Probert (April 20, 1985 – July 5, 2010) was a Canadian professional ice hockey right winger. Probert played a total of 1,016 games in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Detroit Red Wings and the Chicago Blackhawks. Probert was known for being a fighter and enforcer, as well as being one half of the "Bruise Brothers" with teammate Joey Kocur, during the late 1980s and early 1990s.

paragraphs: Probert retired from playing ice hockey in 2002 to join the Blackhawks radio broadcasting team. He finished his career fourth on the NHL's all-time list with 3,300 penalty minutes notched.

paragraphs: After his retirement, Probert ran into drug and legal problems. On February 05, 2003, he entered rehab to try and beat his addiction. He was arrested on June 4, 2004 after he allegedly parked his BMW SUV on the wrong side of the street and got into an altercation over drugs with bystanders. Many police officers got involved and Probert had to be subdued with a taser and stun guns.

paragraphs: On July 5, 2010, while boating on Lake St. Clair with his children, father-in-law, and mother-in-law, Probert experienced "severe chest pain" and collapsed. His father-in-law Dan Parkinson, the Cornwall, Ontario, chief of police, attempted CPR to save his life. He was taken to Windsor Regional Hospital's Metropolitan Campus and was pronounced dead. His funeral services were held July 9, 2010, in Windsor, Ontario. It was attended by many of his former teammates and rivals including Dino Ciccarelli, Tie Domi, Gerard Gallant, Doug Gilmour, Stu Grimson, Joey Kocur, Brad McCrimmon, Darren McCarty and Steve Yzerman, as well as the Red Wings general manager Ken Holland and owners Mike and Marian Ilitch. His eulogy was delivered by Yzerman. His brain was donated to the Sports Legacy Institute to help researchers that are studying the effects of concussions and other sports-related head injuries. In February 2011, the researchers announced at Boston University that they had found evidence of chronic traumatic encephalopathy in Probert's brain.


title: Vampires Suck

paragraphs: Vampires Suck is a 2010 American parody movie directed and written by Jason Friedberg and Aaron Seltzer. It is a parody of Stephenie Meyer's series, "Twilight". The movie was be released in North America on August 8, 2010, August 26, 2010 in Australia and October 15, 2010 in the United Kingdom. "Vampires Suck" achieved $4 million at the box office.

paragraphs: "Vampires Suck" gained strong negative reviews:


title: JPEG

paragraphs: In computing, the JPEG file format is a file format which is used to compress digital images. The amount of compression can be changed depending on the wanted quality. If an image is high quality, it will take up a large amount of storage. If it is low quality, it will take up a small amount of storage. The JPEG file format is commonly found on the World Wide Web. The word "JPEG" is short for the Joint Photographic Experts Group which created the format. JPEG file extensions include codice_1, codice_2, codice_3 and others.

paragraphs: The first notable thing about JPEG compression is the way in which the colour of each pixel is stored. Each pixel of the image is assigned 3 bytes to define its colour. All three bytes can have any value from 0 to 255 and every possible combination of the three bytes stands for another colour. In most file formats, the RGB format is used for defining the colour. RGB stands for Red Green Blue. It's named this way because the first of the three bytes tells you how much red there is in the pixel's colour. The second byte tells you how much green there is in the colour and the third byte how much blue. The higher value the first byte has, the more red the pixel looks.

paragraphs: JPEG also uses three bytes for every pixel each, but it's using the YPP (also known as YCC) format. Here, the first byte tells us how bright the pixel is. The second byte tells us how blue the pixel is. The third byte tells us how red the pixel is. Using this colour format, the brightness is stored apart from the colour. This is useful, because we are going to compress an image. Because the human eye is better at seeing brightness than seeing colour, we can apply a greater compression to the colour bytes (the P-byte and the P-byte). Since we see brightness better, we use less compression on the Y-byte, to have the image look better after compression.

paragraphs: Because images are most often stored in RGB format, the first step of JPEG compression is usually to correctly change the RGB format into the YPP format.

paragraphs: JPEG uses cosine functions to represent an image. Therefore, we are going to talk a little bit about cosine functions. This is what a cosine function could look like:

paragraphs: To have the cosine function represent the colour of a pixel, we say that the higher the value of the cosine function, the brighter the pixel. If we had a set of pixels that went bright-dark-bright, we could use the function above to define them.

paragraphs: The function could also have a higher frequency. Like this:

paragraphs: But here's where it gets interesting. We can also create different functions by taking the average of different cosine functions. Here is what it would look like if we took the average of the above two functions:

paragraphs: In JPEG, DCT is applied to blocks of 8 × 8 pixels.

paragraphs: So far, no information has been lost in the process of compressing the image. In this step, we're filtering out information. For that reason, this is the step that lowers the quality of the image. For every block of 8 × 8 pixels, the cosine functions with high frequencies are set to 0. This means that these can no longer have any impact on how the image looks when you decompress it.

paragraphs: A lot of values will now be 0, which means that this can be very easily compressed. This is done using Huffman coding. Huffman coding is the last step of JPEG compression. It is also the only step in which the data is actually compressed.


title: WilliamsF1 Grand Prix results

paragraphs: The table below details the complete World Championship Grand Prix results for the WilliamsF1 Formula One team. The team also competed in several non-Championship Formula One races.


title: Invertible matrix

paragraphs: In linear algebra, there are certain matrices which have the property that when they are multiplied with another matrix, the result is the identity matrix formula_1 (the matrix with ones on its main diagonal and 0 everywhere). If formula_2 is such a matrix, then formula_2 is called invertible and its inverse is called formula_4, with:

paragraphs: There are algorithms for calculating the inverse of a matrix, with Gaussian elimination being a common example. The problem is that finding the inverse is relatively "expensive" to do for big matrices. Matrix inversion is used extensively in computer graphics.


title: Flag of New Mexico

paragraphs: The Flag of the State of New Mexico has the red sun symbol of the Zia people in the middle and has a yellow background.

paragraphs: In 1920, Dr. Harry Mera, an archaeologist, won a contest to design a new state flag and chose the Zia sun symbol because he was familiar with it. It was used in Zia Pueblo on a 19th century pot. There is four points in the symbol because four is a sacred number to the Zia. To the Zia, it is the Circle of Life: four winds, four seasons, four directions, and four sacred obligations. New Mexico was the 48th state and it was founded in 1912.


title: Pontiac Sunfire

paragraphs: The Pontiac Sunfire was a car produced by Pontiac from 1995 through 2005. The Sunfire succeeded the Pontiac Sunbird and was succeeded by the Pontiac G5 (a rebadged Chevrolet Cobalt). The Sunfire was also purchased in a sedan, convertible or coupe. Much like its twin the Cavalier the Sunfire also fared poor in the offset test by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety.

paragraphs: The first Pontiac Sunfire became the successor of the Pontiac Sunbird after it got cancelled in 1990s. The Pontiac received a minor facelift in the early 2000s.


title: Michael Cera

paragraphs: Michael Austin Cera (born June 7, 1988 in Brampton, Ontario) is a Canadian actor who made his big screen debut in the 2000 movie Frequency as Gordy Jr., (Age 10) but first starred in the TV movie, Switching Goals as Taylor.

paragraphs: He was nominated for the Orange Rising Star Award in 2009.


title: Kardinal Offishall

paragraphs: Jason D. Harrow (born May 12, 1976 in Scarborough, Ontario) is a Canadian rapper/songwriter and record producer better known by his stage name, Kardinal Offishall.

paragraphs: Offishall has won many awards including 3 Juno Awards, 4 MuchMusic Video Awards, 3 SOCAN Awards and 1 Canadian Urban Music Award.

paragraphs: Kardinal Offishall has released 5 studio albums and 1 EP:


title: Laurasia

paragraphs: Laurasia was a supercontinent. It had been the northern part of the Pangaea global supercontinent. Pangaea split in the Jurassic into Laurasia and Gondwana to the south.

paragraphs: Laurasia included most of the landmasses which make up today's continents of the northern hemisphere, chiefly Laurentia (the name given to the North American craton), Europe, Baltica, Siberia, Kazakhstan, and China.

paragraphs: The name combines the names of Laurentia and Eurasia.

paragraphs: Although Laurasia is known as a Mesozoic phenomenon, today it is believed that the same continents that formed the later Laurasia also existed as a coherent supercontinent after the breakup of Rodinia around 1 billion years ago. To avoid confusion with the Mesozoic continent, this is referred to as Proto-Laurasia.


title: Dangerous (Kardinal Offishall song)

paragraphs: Dangerous is a 2008 R&B song by Kardinal Offishall and featured R&B singer Akon. The song was released March 2008 on the radio and April 1, 2008 on iTunes. The song is from Kardinal Offishall's 2008 album, Not 4 Sale.

paragraphs: The song won Single of the Year at the 2009 Juno Awards and was certified 3x Platinum by the CRIA.


title: Justin Upton

paragraphs: Justin Irvin Upton (born August 25, 1987) is an American professional baseball player. He plays as a outfielder for the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim of Major League Baseball (MLB). Upton has also played for the Arizona Diamondbacks, Atlanta Braves, San Diego Padres and the Detrit Tigers. He was selected first overall by the Diamondbacks in the 2005 MLB Draft and was the Youngest Player in the National League in 2007. Upton was selected in 2009 for his first All-Star selection.

paragraphs: On December 19, 2014, the Braves traded Upton along with Aaron Northcraft to the San Diego Padres in exchange for Max Fried, Jace Peterson, Dustin Peterson, and Mallex Smith.

paragraphs: Upton signed a six-year contract with the Detroit Tigers prior to the 2016 season. He was traded to the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim on August 31, 2017.


title: Tetris DS

paragraphs: Tetris DS is a 2006 puzzle game that was developed and published by Nintendo and was distributed by Nintendo. It was released on March 20, 2006 in North America, April 13, 2006 in Australasia, April 21, 2006 in Europe, April 27, 2006 in Japan and July 7, 2007 in South Korea. The game has Nintendo themed levels: Balloon Fight, Super Mario Bros., Metroid, The Legend of Zelda, Donkey Kong, and Yoshi's Cookie and the game received mostly positive reviews, selling over 2.05 million copies worldwide.

paragraphs: "Tetris DS" has been rated very well by many top ranking sites:


title: Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 4

paragraphs: Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 4 is a 2002 skateboarding game that was developed by Neversoft, Vicarious Visions, Babaroga and Aspyr Media and was published by Activision. It is the fourth game in the Tony Hawk's series It was released on October 23, 2002 for the GameCube, Playstation, Playstation 2 and the Xbox and October 28, 2002 for the Game Boy Advance and August 27, 2003 for the PC in North America and November 15, 2002 for the GameCube, Playstation, Playstation 2, Xbox and November 22, 2002 for the Game Boy Advance and August 27, 2003 in the PAL region.


title: Potassium chloride

paragraphs: Potassium chloride (also known as potassium salt) is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is KCl. It contains potassium and chloride ions.

paragraphs: It is a colorless crystalline solid. It is not reactive. It is similar to sodium chloride. It reacts with silver nitrate to make silver chloride. It reacts with sodium metal when very hot to make potassium metal. The metals are a gas because it is so hot. It makes a pink color when heated in a flame.

paragraphs: Potassium chloride is found as a mineral. The mineral is called sylvite. It is also found in sylvanite, a mixture of sodium chloride and potassium chloride.

paragraphs: It is taken from the ocean. It can also be processed from the mineral sylvite or sylvanite. It is made when potassium nitrate is reacted with hydrochloric acid, making nitric acid and potassium chloride. It is made when potassium burns in chlorine.

paragraphs: It is used to make potassium metal. Potassium chloride is heated very hot until it melts. Sodium metal is reacted with it. The sodium metal melts and boils to make sodium gas. The sodium gas reacts with the potassium chloride to make potassium gas and sodium chloride. It can be electrolyzed in a water solution to make potassium hydroxide. It is used in food processing. It can be used to execute people in a lethal injection. It is used instead of table salt sometimes. Normally it is half table salt and half potassium chloride. It can be used to extinguish fires. It was used to make packs that get hot when squeezed, but better chemicals are used now.

paragraphs: Potassium chloride is toxic in very large amounts. When injected into a vein it is much more toxic.

paragraphs: In the United States, people sentenced to death by lethal injection have usually been executed using three different medications. Potassium chloride is the third medication. It is given after a sedative (to put the prisoner to sleep) and a medicine that paralyzes the prisoner. Potassium chloride works by speeding up the heart until it stops.

paragraphs: The use of potassium chloride in lethal injections is controversial. For example, one scientist who studied the three-drug combination called potassium chloride "extremely painful." United States Supreme Court Justice Stephen Breyer used her research to argue that lethal injection is cruel and unusual punishment. Other doctors agree that if the drugs are not given correctly, a prisoner could experience "a great deal of pain" or "excruciating [terribly painful] suffering."

paragraphs: However, other doctors say that lethal injection is less painful than other ways of executing people, like using an electric chair or a gas chamber. They also say that if the three drugs are given correctly, lethal injection should be pain-free. Because doctors are supposed to "do no harm", many executions are now done by people who are not doctors. Supporters of lethal injection say that mistakes, not the drugs themselves, are what cause pain.


title: Sodium bromide

paragraphs: Sodium bromide is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is NaBr. It is made of sodium and bromide ions.

paragraphs: Sodium bromide is a white solid. It dissolves easily in water. When it is heated very strongly in air, it makes bromine gas. It also reacts with chlorine to make liquid bromine.

paragraphs: It is made by reacting hydrogen bromide with sodium hydroxide. It can be made by mixing sodium and bromine, although this reaction is very violent.

paragraphs: It was used in medicine as a hypnotic and sedative. Potassium bromide is also used for this purpose. It is used to make other bromine compounds that are organic. It was used to make silver bromide. It can be used as a disinfectant with chlorine in pools. It can be used to make dense fluids for drilling oil wells.

paragraphs: Sodium bromide is only toxic in large amounts, like sodium chloride.


title: Bromide

paragraphs: Bromide is the reduced form of bromine. It is an ion. It exists when another element, such as sodium, gives away electrons to bromine, turning it into bromide. The aluminium turns into an aluminum ion, and both ions bond to form sodium bromide, a chemical compound. Bromides are normally colorless and nontoxic.

paragraphs: Bromide can also refer to an overused saying or idiom, such as "quick as a mouse" and "big as an elephant". In writing it is recommended to use fresh expressions and not over used ones.


title: Iron(III) oxide

paragraphs: Iron(III) oxide, also known as rust, is a reddish substance, an iron oxide. It has a chemical formula of FeO. It is made by the reaction of iron with oxygen. It is found naturally in the ground. It is a major ore of iron (iron comes from this mineral)haematite. It dissolves in acids. It can be mixed with fine powdered granules of aluminum in a 27:80 ratio to form thermite, a semi-explosive powder.

paragraphs: The iron is in the +3 oxidation state, which is what the III means. If the iron was in the +2 oxidation state, it would be iron(II) oxide.


title: Iron(II) oxide

paragraphs: Iron(II) oxide is an chemical compound composed of iron in the +2 oxidation state bonded to oxygen atoms. It easily converts to a mixture of iron and iron(III) oxide at room temperature. It is stable though when it is very hot. It is a black powder. If it gets hydrated (bonded to extra water molecules), it turns green. The green chemical, named iron(II) hydroxide, gets oxidized by oxygen to a reddish color of iron(III) oxide.


title: Saratoga Trunk

paragraphs: Saratoga Trunk is a 1945 American romance movie directed by Sam Wood and written by Edna Ferber and Casey Robinson. Flora Robson who played Ingrid Bergman's servant in the movie was nominated for a Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress.


title: Index on Censorship

paragraphs: Index on Censorship is a publishing organisation campaigning for freedom of expression. It produces an award-winning quarterly magazine of the same name. It is based in London.


title: Iron(II) hydroxide

paragraphs: Iron(II) hydroxide is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Fe(OH). It has iron and hydroxide ions in it. The iron is in its +2 oxidation state.

paragraphs: When pure, it is a white solid. It very easily turns dark green in air, which is its normal form. It then reacts with more oxygen to turn brown as iron(III) oxide is formed. It is a reducing agent.

paragraphs: It can be formed by electrolysis of water with a piece of iron metal as the anode (positive connector). A green slime will appear around it, and hydrogen will be released at the cathode (negative connector). It is normally made by reacting iron(II) sulfate with sodium hydroxide.

paragraphs: It was being investigated as a detoxifier in wetlands. Some wetlands have toxic selenite and selenate ions in them. Iron(II) hydroxide reduces them to selenium, which is much less toxic. It is also used in the nickel-iron battery.


title: Jimmy Ward

paragraphs: James William Ward (September 1, 1906, Fort William, Ontario - November 15, 1990, Portland, Oregon) was a right winger in the NHL from 1928 - 1939. Jimmy Ward's son, Pete Ward, played nine seasons of professional baseball, winning TSN Rookie Of The Year honors in 1963 while playing for the Chicago White Sox.

paragraphs: He played his entire NHL career in Montreal. It began in the 1928 season with the Montreal Maroons. He would stay with the English Montreal team until they folded following the 1938 season. Along the way he scored 10 or more goals in 10 of 11 seasons during a time when the regular season was only 48 games long. He won the Stanley Cup in 1935. He played in the Ace Bailey Benefit Game in 1934 and the Howie Morenz Memorial Game in 1937. When the Maroons folded he joined the rival Montreal Canadiens for the 1939 season.

paragraphs: In 1940 he served as a player/coach of the New Haven Eagles of the IAHL. He would later serve as head coach of the PCHL's Portland Eagles and Portland Penguins.


title: Gary Veneruzzo

paragraphs: Gary Raymond Veneruzzo (born June 28, 1943) is a retired professional ice hockey player who played seven games in the National Hockey League and 348 games in the World Hockey Association. Veneruzzo played for with the St. Louis Blues, Los Angeles Sharks, Michigan Stags, Baltimore Blades, Cincinnati Stingers, Phoenix Roadrunners, and San Diego Mariners. Veneruzzo was born in Fort William, Ontario.

paragraphs: NHL Career ST. Louis Blues Forward 1967-68 Record