title: Donkey Kong Jr.

paragraphs: Donkey Kong Jr. is an arcade video game made by Nintendo in 1982. It is the sequel to "Donkey Kong". The game was ported to many home video game consoles, including the NES, Atari 2600, Atari 7800, and ColecoVision. It was released for the Wii's Virtual Console in 2006. It was later released for the Nintendo 3DS from the Nintendo eShop service in 2012.

paragraphs: Donkey Kong Jr. (also called Junior or DK Jr.) has to rescue his father Donkey Kong from Mario. The player has to go through four stages; each of which have a different theme. To move through the stage, DK Jr. can climb vines/chains/ropes. He can go down faster by holding only one vine, or go up faster by holding two of them. He has to avoid enemies that are in each stage. To complete the first three stages, DK Jr. has to reach the key at the top. In the fourth stage, he has to push six keys into locks near the top of the stage. After the player completes all four stages, the game goes back to the first stage and is more difficult.


title: Donkey Kong Barrel Blast

paragraphs: Donkey Kong Barrel Blast, known as Donkey Kong Jet Race in Europe and Australia and as Donkey Kong Barrel Jet Race in Japan, is a racing video game for the Wii game console. It was released in Japan on June 28, 2007, in North America on October 8, 2007, in Europe on January 25, 2008, and in Australia on February 7, 2008. It was originally going to be released on the Nintendo GameCube and was going to use the DK Bongos, but was moved to the Wii.

paragraphs: "Donkey Kong Barrel Blast" is a racing game where the player controls their character with the Wii Remote and Nunchuk. To move their character, the player has to shake the Wii Remote and Nunchuk, lift them at the same time to jump, and use the controller's motion sensor to beat their opponents and use items. The main mode of play is a Grand Prix like the one seen in the "Mario Kart" series. There is also a Time Trial mode where players can race on one track without opponents.


title: Jan Swammerdam

paragraphs: Jan Swammerdam (12 February 1637 – 17 February 1680) was a Dutch biologist and microscopist. His work on insects showed that the stages an insect life – egg, larva, pupa, and adult – are different forms of the same animal. He did experiments on muscle contraction. In 1658, he was the first to observe and describe red blood cells. He was one of the first people to use the microscope in dissections, and his techniques remained useful for hundreds of years.

paragraphs: Knowledge of insects in the 17th century was to a great extent inherited from Aristotle. Swammerdam dissected insects and studied them under microscopes.

paragraphs: Swammerdam showed that insects develop in the same gradual manner as do other animals. He wanted to dispel the seventeenth-century idea that different life stages of an insect (e.g. caterpillar and butterfly) were different individuals.

paragraphs: He got evidence from his dissections. By examining larvae, he identified adult features in pre-adult animals. For example, he noticed that the wings of dragonflies and mayflies exist before their final molt. Swammerdam used these observations in his 1669 publication, "Historia Insectorum Generalis" (The Natural History of Insects). This work included many descriptions of insect anatomy. It was here that Swammerdam revealed that the "king" bee has ovaries. "Biblia natura" published posthumously in 1737, carried the first confirmation that the queen bee is the sole mother of the colony. Despite five intense years of beekeeping, the mode of honey bee reproduction escaped him as he wrote, "I do not believe the male bees actually copulate with the females."


title: Ms. Pac-Man

paragraphs: Ms. Pac-Man is an arcade video game made by Midway Manufacturing (now Midway Games). It was released one year after "Pac-Man", on January 13, 1982. It became one of the most popular video games of all-time after its release. This led Namco to make the game an official title in the "Pac-Man" series. It has a female character, new mazes, and changes in gameplay from "Pac-Man". It is most successful American-made arcade game, selling 115,000 arcade cabinets.

paragraphs: "Ms. Pac-Man" plays similarly to "Pac-Man". The player has to move Ms. Pac-Man, a yellow disc, around a maze. The goal is to eat all of the yellow pellets (circles) while not getting caught by the ghosts. The player can get more points by eating fruits that appear. When Ms. Pac-Man eats a white pellet, the ghosts turn blue. The player can eat them for points. The game has 256 stages. Like "Pac-Man", the 256th level cannot be finished because of a problem with the creation of the game.

paragraphs: The game has gameplay changes from the original "Pac-Man". They include:


title: M61 Vulcan

paragraphs: M61 Vulcan is a hydraulic and pneumatic rotary cannon. It has six barrels. It is cooled by air and fires by the power of electricity. It is a Gatling-style rotary cannon. The size of its caliber is 20 mm. It fires at an very very high speed. It has been the main cannon armament of United States military fixed-wing aircraft for over fifty years. It was made by General Electric at first, but today it is made by General Dynamics.


title: First Presbyterian Church (Trenton, New Jersey)

paragraphs: The First Presbyterian Church is a historic church in Trenton, New Jersey, United States. It is located at 120 East State Street. The church building was built in 1726. During the American Revolutionary War the British Trenton. They used the church as a stable to keep their horses. It was repaired when they left. In 1804 the old stone church was taken down. A new church of all brick was completed in 1805. The church building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.

paragraphs: The church graveyard is the burial place of at least two Revolutionary War notables. Colonel Johann Rall, Commander of the Hessians forces defeated by General George Washington. He died just after the Battle of Trenton. John Rosbrugh, was killed at the Battle of the Assunpink Creek (Second Battle of Trenton). He was the first U.S. chaplain killed in battle. The inventor of the steamboat, John Fitch, was a member of the congregation at First Presbyterian.


title: Feather River

paragraphs: The Feather River is a river in Northern California in the United States. It is a tributary of the Sacramento River. The river originates in the Sierra Nevada mountains and is long, flowing in a general southward direction.

paragraphs: The river is an important source of drinking and irrigation water for California. Oroville Dam is located on the river, near the city of Oroville.


title: American River

paragraphs: The American River is a river in northern California in the United States. It is a tributary of the Sacramento River. The river starts in the Sierra Nevada and flows west through the city of Sacramento. The river is long with a watershed of .

paragraphs: Folsom Dam and Folsom Lake are located on the American river east of Sacramento.


title: John Rosbrugh

paragraphs: Rev. John Rosbrugh (c. 1714–1777) (also spelled Rosborough and Rosburgh) was a graduate of the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University). He was ordained a Presbyterian minister. In 1776 he organized and commanded the 3rd Northampton County, Pennsylvania . He then then accepted a commission as company chaplain. He was killed at the Battle of the Assunpink Creek, also known as the Second Battle of Trenton. Rosbrugh was the first U.S. chaplain ever killed in battle.

paragraphs: John Rosbrugh was born in Enniskillen, County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland. He to the United States along with his older brother, William. The family was originally from Craigie, County Ayrshire, Scotland. His ancestors went to Ireland during the settling of the Ulster Plantation. In 1733 his young wife Sarah died in childbirth along with their only child. He was a tradesman but well enough educated to prepare himself for college.

paragraphs: He attended the College of New Jersey where he graduated in 1761. He was licensed to preach in August of 1763. In October 1764 he was sent to the congregations of Greenwich, Oxford, and Mansfield Woodhouse, all in western New Jersey. In December 1764 he became a Presbyterian minister. By 1765, he was asked to serve neighboring congregations in Upper and Lower Hardwick in Warren County, New Jersey. In 1766, Rev. Rosbrugh married Jane Ralston. She was the daughter of James Ralston of East Allen Township, Northampton County, Pennsylvania. It was then called 'the Irish Settlement.' In 1769 Rev. Rosbrugh was called to serve at the church at Allen Township. This was the same congregation his wife was from. He became their permanent minister. For seven years, he led his congregation in Allen township.

paragraphs: At the start of the American Revolutionary War, news was often read to congregations in their churches. It was one of the main forms of communication at the time. On December 10, 1776, General George Washington called out the militia of Pennsylvania. He wrote to the colonels of the militias of Northampton and Bucks counties asking them and their men to join him as quickly as possible. Rev. Rosebrugh read General Washington's letter to his congregation. The men of the congregation formed a company of militia and agreed to go to war "if" Rev. Rosbrugh would lead them. He had expected to accompany them as their chaplain but reluctantly agreed to lead them. John Rosbrugh took his place at the head of the company and slinging his musket over his shoulder led the company to join General Washington and the Continental Army in Philadelphia.

paragraphs: While in Philadelphia, Rev. Rosbrugh was given a commission as a Chaplain. Captain John Hays took his place as company commander. A chaplain at that time held the rank of major and pay of thirty-three and a half dollars per month. Presbyterian ministers, however, were particularly hated by the British and if captured suffered cruel treatment. Rev. Rosbrugh’s company joined the rest of the Northampton county militia in camp. Rosbrugh also met with his brother-in-law, John Ralston, a member of the Second Continental Congress. The 3rd Battalion was under the command of General Israel Putnam. He had orders to cross the Delaware on the 25th of December in support of Washington’s surprise attack on Trenton. However General Putnam decided not to cross due to weather conditions. So Rev. Rosbrugh’s battalion remained in Philadelphia. After General Washington crossed back to Pennsylvania he decided to take Trenton a second time. This time the 3rd Northampton militia was included. The battle was called the second battle of Trenton or the battle of Assinpink creek.

paragraphs: On the afternoon of January 2nd the Americans were preparing their positions for the upcoming battle. Rev. John Rosbrugh was dining at a public house when a warning was shouted that Hessians were coming. Going outside he found his horse had been taken. He tried to get back to the American lines which were on the other side of Assunpink Creek. But he was suddenly confronted by a company of Hessians under the command of a British officer. He surrendered but they recognized him as a Presbyterian minister. The Hessians him to death. They took his watch and money then left his body naked in the snow. Captain Hays, the company commander, recovered the body and quickly buried him where he fell. The next morning Rev. George Duffield, a brother Presbyterian chaplain moved Rev. Rosbrugh's body to the nearby graveyard of the First Presbyterian Church of Trenton. It is believed he still rests there today. His widow, Jane (née Ralston) survived him by 32 years. She was buried in the East Allen Township cemetery, the inscription on her tombstone indicating her husband John is buried beside her.

paragraphs: About 1766, John Rosbrugh married secondly, Jane Ralston (1739–1809). She was the daughter of James Ralston of the Irish Settlement or Allen Township, PA. John and Jane had five children:<br>


title: Grand Coulee Dam

paragraphs: The Grand Coulee Dam is a dam on the Columbia River in the United States state of Washington. The dam forms Lake Franklin D. Roosevelt. The dam was built between 1933 and 1942, with a new power plant added between 1997 and 1974. The dam is operated by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation.

paragraphs: Grand Coulee Dam is high and long. The lake behind it can hold more than of water.

paragraphs: The dam provides water for agriculture in Central Washington. Water is pumped from Lake Roosevelt to Banks Lake, located in the Grand Coulee. From there it runs by gravity to irrigate about of fertile farmland. Incorporated in the late 1940s and early 1950s, this scheme is known as the Columbia Basin Project.

paragraphs: Grand Coulee also produces hydroelectricity. In fact, it is the largest electric-power producing facility in the United States. At full load the dam can produce 6,809 megawatts or enough for 5 million typical American households. The dam was an important source of power for factories during World War II. Today, it provides much of the cheap electric power for the Pacific Northwest.

paragraphs: Among other benefits include flood control for the lower Columbia River and recreational boating and fishing on Lake Roosevelt.

paragraphs: As a consequence of the dam's construction, the reservoir flooded large tracts of Native American lands. Salmon can no longer migrate to the upper Columbia River system.


title: Gerry Desjardins

paragraphs: Gerard Ferdinand Desjardins (born July 22, 1944 in Noëlville, Ontario) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender.

paragraphs: Before playing in the NHL, Desjardins played 2 seasons in the CPHL with the Houston Apollos.

paragraphs: He joined the Los Angeles Kings in 1968 but first played a season in the AHL for the Cleveland Barons. He played 2 seasons with the Kings and joined the Chicago Black Hawks where he played for 3 years. After his time with the Black Hawks was over, he went and played for the New York Islanders for 2 seasons and the Buffalo Sabres for 4 years. He retired from playing professional ice hockey in 1978.


title: Eugene O'Neill

paragraphs: Eugene Gladstone O'Neill (October 16, 1888 – November 27, 1953) was an American playwright. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1936. He won four Pulitzer Prizes throughout the 1920s and one even after his death in 1957.

paragraphs: O'Neill was born on October 16, 1888 in a hotel room in New York City, New York. He studied at Princeton University and at Harvard University. O'Neill's parents were immigrants from Ireland.

paragraphs: O'Neill's best-known stage works include, "Anna Christie" (for which he won the Pulitzer Prize, 1922), "Desire Under the Elms" (1924), "Strange Interlude" (for which he won the Pulitzer Prize, 1928), "Mourning Becomes Electra" (1931), and his only well-known comedy, "Ah, Wilderness!" (1933).

paragraphs: O'Neill won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1936. He won four Pulitzer Prize for Drama for his works on stage.

paragraphs: O'Neill was married to Kathleen Jenkins from 1909 until they divorced in 1911. They had one son. Then, he was married to Agnes Boulton from 1918 until they divorced in 1929. They had one son and one daughter. A granddaughter from this marriage is the actress Geraldine Chaplin.

paragraphs: After this divorce, he was married to Carlotta Monterey from 1929 until his death in 1953. O'Neill was an Agnostic.

paragraphs: O'Neill died on November 27, 1953 at a hotel room in Boston, Massachusetts from cerebellar cortical atrophy, a neurological disease. He was 65 years old. As he was dying, he whispered his last words: "I knew it. I knew it. Born in a hotel room and died in a hotel room."


title: All Is Lost

paragraphs: All Is Lost is a 2013 American survival-adventure movie directed by J. C. Chandor. It only stars Robert Redford as a lost man at sea. The movie has almost no dialogue. It was released to positive reviews on October 18, 2013.


title: 127 Hours

paragraphs: 127 Hours is a 2010 American biographical drama movie directed by Danny Boyle. It stars James Franco as real-life canyoneer Aron Ralston, who became trapped by a boulder in Blue John Canyon, southeastern Utah, in April 2003. It received positive reviews, especially from Roger Ebert, Richard Roeper, and Peter Travers. It was released on November 12, 2010.


title: Rush (2013 movie)

paragraphs: Rush is an American-British 2013 biographical-drama movie written and directed by Ron Howard. It is based on the true events about racecar drivers James Hunt and Niki Lauda. It stars Chris Hemsworth, Daniel Brühl, and Olivia Wilde. It was released to positive reviews on September 20, 2013.


title: The Simpsons: Road Rage

paragraphs: The Simpsons: Road Rage is a 2001 action-adventure video game based on the animated television show "The Simpsons". It was released for the Nintendo GameCube, Xbox, Playstation 2 and Game Boy Advance. It is similar to the game "Crazy Taxi", in that the player has to pick up people and drive them to where they want to go as fast as they can.


title: Cut the Rope

paragraphs: Cut the Rope is a puzzle video game released by ZeptoLab. In it, the player must cut a series of ropes with their finger to feed a small creature named Om Nom a piece of candy. Once you have fed him the candy, the next level is unlocked. The game has been downloaded over 100 million times. The spin off games have also being released: Cut the Rope: Holiday Gift (2010), Cut the Rope: Experiments (2011), Cut the Rope: Time Travel (2013) Cut the Rope 2 (2013) and My Om Nom (2014 for Apple App Store and 2015 for Google Play Store).

paragraphs: In each level, the candy hangs by one or several of the titular ropes which the player must cut with a swipe of their finger using the device's touchscreen. Using various objects such as floating bubbles and bellows, the candy must also be manipulated around obstacles to get to Om Nom's mouth.

paragraphs: Each level takes place in a box, Which there are different boxes, (such as the cardboard box, the fabric box and the foil box) More boxes will be added soon.

paragraphs: Each level pack introduces new challenges. Levels are scored with a zero to three star rating, Like Angry Birds. according to how many stars the player picked up, and a point score depending on the number of stars collected and the amount of time taken to complete the level. In-app purchases, such as "Superpowers" and "Hints", and "Magnets" make play easier.


title: United States Invasion of Panama

paragraphs: The United States Invasion of Panama, codenamed Operation Just Cause, was the invasion of Panama by the United States in December 1989 and January 1990. This operation was done during the administration of U.S. President George H. W. Bush, and ten years after the Torrijos–Carter Treaties. By this treaty, it was accepted that the United States should give up control of the Panama Canal to Panama by 1 January 2000.

paragraphs: During the invasion, the Panamanian leader, general and dictator Manuel Noriega was removed from his position and the elected president Guillermo Endara took control of the office. The Panamanian Defense Force was dissolved.


title: St Jude storm

paragraphs: The St. Jude Storm also known as Cyclone Christian, was a severe European windstorm that hit Northwestern Europe from 27 October 2013 to 28 October 2013. The storm caused 17 deaths. Winds of up to 80–90 mph (130–145 km/h) were forecast for southern England, but the highest windspeed was in Denmark, where a gust of 120.8 mph (194.4 km/h) was recorded in the south of the country on the afternoon of 28 October, the strongest wind recorded in the country's history. Damage occurred in Denmark, Belgium, Germany, Netherlands, and United Kingdom.


title: Relative atomic mass

paragraphs: A relative atomic mass (also called atomic weight; symbol: "A") is a measure of how heavy atoms are. It is the ratio of the average mass per atom of an element from a given sample to 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom. In other words, a relative atomic mass tells you the number of times an average atom of an element from a given sample is heavier than one-twelfth of an atom of carbon-12. The word "relative" in relative atomic mass refers to this scaling relative to carbon-12. Relative atomic mass values are ratios; relative atomic mass is a dimensionless quantity. Relative atomic mass is the same as "atomic weight", which is the older term.

paragraphs: The number of protons an atom has determines what element it is. However, most elements in nature consist of atoms with different numbers of neutrons. An atom of an element with a certain number of neutrons is called an isotope. For example, the element thallium has two common isotopes: thallium-203 and thallium-205. Both isotopes of thallium have 81 protons, but thallium-205 has 124 neutrons, 2 more than thallium-203, which has 122. Each isotope has its own mass, called its isotopic mass. A relative isotopic mass is the mass of an isotope relative to 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom. The relative isotopic mass of an isotope is roughly the same as its mass number, which is the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. Like relative atomic mass values, relative isotopic mass values are ratios with no units.

paragraphs: We can find the relative atomic mass of a sample of an element by working out the abundance-weighted mean of the relative isotopic masses. For example, if a sample of thallium is made up of 30% thallium-203 and 70% thallium-205,

paragraphs: Two samples of an element that consists of more than one isotope, collected from two widely spaced sources on Earth, are expected to have slightly different relative atomic masses. This is because the proportions of each isotope are slightly different at different locations.

paragraphs: A standard atomic weight is the mean value of relative atomic masses of a number of normal samples of the element. Standard atomic weight values are published at regular intervals by the Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). The standard atomic weight for each element is on the periodic table.

paragraphs: Often, the term relative atomic mass is used to mean standard atomic weight. This is not quite correct, because relative atomic mass is a less specific term that refers to individual samples. Individual samples of an element could have a relative atomic mass different to the standard atomic weight for the element. For example, a sample from another planet could have a relative atomic mass very different to the standard Earth-based value.

paragraphs: Relative atomic mass is not the same as:


title: Rodrigo López

paragraphs: Roderigo López (1525 – June 7, 1594) was a physician of Portuguese background. He was tried and executed for trying to poison Elizabeth I. He is believed to be the inspiration for Shakespeare's character Shylock in "The Merchant of Venice".

paragraphs: López was born into a family of Jewish origin in Portugal. He graduated from university with a degree in medicine. He went to England where he was appointed chief physician to Elizabeth I in 1586. He knew powerful men at court, and grew rich and respected. He was involved in various court intrigues until convicted of plotting to poison the Queen. He was hanged, drawn and quartered.

paragraphs: Several contemporaries make reference to the trial and execution. Christopher Marlowe mentions it in "Doctor Faustus" as do Thomas Dekker in "Whore of Babylon" and Thomas Middleton in "A Game at Chess". It is possible that Shylock in Shakespeare's "The Merchant of Venice" was inspired by López. my dads bald

paragraphs: Queen Elizabeth I’s physician, Roderigo Lopez, was tried and executed for allegedly plotting to kill the queen in 1594. As a Portuguese double agent, ‘Doctor Lopez a Jew’ was said to have conspired with the Spanish, England’s enemies at that time. He was accused of attempting to kill the Portuguese King Antonio and ‘take away Queene Elizabeths life by poyson’, in return for ‘fifty thousand Crowns’


title: Arletty

paragraphs: Arletty (15 May 1898 – 24 July 1992) was a French actress, singer, and model. She played Garance in the French movie "Les Enfants du Paradis".


title: Les Enfants du Paradis

paragraphs: Les Enfants du Paradis ("Children of Paradise") is a French romantic drama movie. It was directed by Marcel Carné and released in 1945. It stars Arletty as French courtesan Garance. She is loved by four men: a street mime, an actor, a criminal, and an aristocrat. The story is set among the lower class theatres of Paris between 1820 and 1840. Garance is courted by four men but leaves them all because they will not allow her to love in her own way. The three hour film has been described as France's "Gone with the Wind".


title: Dave Dryden

paragraphs: David Murray "Sod" Dryden (born September 5, 1941 in Hamilton, Ontario) is a Canadian retired ice hockey goaltender. Dryden was known for the distinction of creating (as well as being the first goaltender to employ) the modern day goaltending mask consisting of a fiberglass mask with a cage.

paragraphs: Before playing in the NHL, Dryden played 2 seasons in the OHA playing for the Toronto St. Michael's.

paragraphs: In the NHL, he played for the New York Rangers, Chicago Black Hawks, Buffalo Sabres and Edmonton Oilers. Dryden faced his brother Ken in a game between his Sabres and the Montreal Canadiens. It was the only time in the history of the NHL that brothers opposed each other as goalies.

paragraphs: Dryden was the goalie against whom Wayne Gretzky scored his first professional goal. During his time in the WHA, he played for the Chicago Cougars and Edmonton Oilers. He won the Ben Hatskin Trophy as the WHA's top goaltender, and the Gordie Howe Trophy as league MVP.

paragraphs: Since retiring from playing professional ice hockey in 1979, he became the chair person of Sleeping Children Around the World charity which was founded by his father and provides bed kits to children in developing countries.


title: Michel Dumas

paragraphs: Michel Joseph Dumas (born July 8, 1949) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender. He currently works as a chief amateur scout for the Chicago Blackhawks.

paragraphs: Before playing in the NHL, Dumas played 2 games with the Oklahoma City Blazers and 3 seasons with the Dallas Black Hawks of the CHL. He also played 2 seasons in the IHL with the Dayton Gems.

paragraphs: He was called up to play for the Chicago Black Hawks for 3 games and went back down to the play 1 season for the Dallas Black Hawks again. He was called up again by the Black Hawks but he only played 5 games as his career was cut short due to an eye injury he suffered in a game against the Colorado Rockies in 1976.

paragraphs: He was hired by the Black Hawks tin 1977 to be an amateur scout, and was then promoted to be their chief amateur scout in the 1992–93 season.


title: IPad Air

paragraphs: The iPad Air is the fifth type of iPad made by Apple Inc. It was announced at the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts on October 22, 2013. It first came with iOS 7 installed on it and was upgraded to other versions later. The iPad Air contains the 64-bit Apple A7 processor and another M7 coprocessor. Apple released the iPad Air on November 1, 2013. Sadly, it can’t support iPadOS.

paragraphs: The iPad Air is 7.5 millimeters thick, which is thinner than both the iPad 2 and the iPad Mini. It has a smaller screen bezel which looks like the one on the iPad Mini. However, it still uses the same 9.7-inch Retina Display as the previous iPad model.

paragraphs: Its successor, the iPad Air 2, was announced on October 16, 2014.

paragraphs: The iPad Air can run iOS 12. It can act as a mobile hotspot, sharing its internet connection over Wifi, USB, or Bluetooth. It can have access to the App Store, where users can buy and download mobile applications onto their device.


paragraphs: The Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) is a third generation mobile cellular system for networks. It is based on the GSM standard and is part of the International Telecommunications Union IMT-2000 standard set. UMTS is developed and maintained by the 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project). It uses wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA) radio access technology so that users can transfer information faster.


title: Marinade

paragraphs: Marination is the process of soaking foods in a liquid before cooking. The idea is to add flavour, and to tenderize tougher cuts of meat.

paragraphs: The liquid in question, the 'marinade', may be acidic (made with ingredients such as vinegar, lemon juice, or wine) or enzymatic (made with ingredients such as pineapple, papaya or kiwifruit). In addition to these ingredients, a marinade often contains oils, herbs, and spices to further flavour the food.

paragraphs: The process may last seconds or days. Different marinades are used in different cuisines. For example, in Indian cuisine the marinade is usually prepared with a mixture of blends.


title: Hôtel Ritz Paris

paragraphs: The Hôtel Ritz is a grand hotel in the heart of Paris in the Place Vendôme. The hotel is ranked highly among the most prestigious and luxurious hotels in the world and is a member of "The Leading Hotels of the World".

paragraphs: The hotel has 159 rooms. It was founded by the Swiss hotelier, César Ritz, in collaboration with the chef Auguste Escoffier in 1898. The new hotel was constructed behind the façade of a Town house from the 18th-century. It overlooks one of the central squares in Paris.

paragraphs: It was one of the first hotels in Europe to provide a bathroom "en suite", a telephone and electricity for each room. It established a reputation for luxury. The clients have included royalty, politicians, writers, film stars and singers. Several of its suites are named in honour of famous guests of the hotel, for example Coco Chanel and Ernest Hemingway who lived at the hotel for years. One of the bars of the hotel, "Bar Hemingway", is devoted to Hemingway.

paragraphs: The Ritz has the reputation of being the most expensive hotel in Paris. The rooms as of May 2011 started at €850 a night. Suites start at €3,600 and cost up to €13,900 a night for the most expensive ones (the "Suite Impériale" is the most expensive). The Ritz employs more than 600 people.

paragraphs: "L'Espadon" is a world-renowned restaurant. It attracts aspiring chefs from all over the world who come to learn at the nearby Ritz-Escoffier School. The cuisine is run by the award-winning chef Michel Roth, the ninth head chef of the hotel. The restaurant was awarded a second star by the 2009 edition of the influential Michelin Red Guide.

paragraphs: During the Second World War, the German Luftwaffe used the hotel as local headquarters in Paris. The son of César Ritz, Charles, died in 1976. The last members of the Ritz family who owned the hotel sold it to the Egyptian businessman Mohamed Al-Fayed in 1979. In August 1997, Diana, Princess of Wales and Al-Fayed's son, Dodi, dined in the hotel's Imperial Suite before their fatal car crash.

paragraphs: The hotel is being entirely renovated. It has been closed since 1 August 2012 and will open its doors in March 2016, after a delay of nearly two years. Because of its status as a symbol of high society and luxury, the hotel has featured in many novels (for example F. Scott Fitzgerald's "Tender Is The Night" and Hemingway's "The Sun Also Rises"),

paragraphs: a play (Noël Coward's "Semi-Monde"), and films (such as Billy Wilder's 1957 comedy "Love in the Afternoon" and William Wyler's 1966 comedy "How to Steal a Million").


title: Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg

paragraphs: Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg (19 April 1795 – 27 June 1876), German naturalist, zoologist, comparative anatomist, geologist, and microscopist, was one of the most famous and productive scientists of his time.

paragraphs: Ehrenberg was appointed professor of medicine at Berlin University in 1827. In 1829 he accompanied Humboldt through eastern Russia to the Chinese frontier. After his return he began to concentrate his studies on microscopic organisms, which then were not much studied.

paragraphs: For nearly 30 years Ehrenberg examined samples of water, soil, sediment, blowing dust and rock and described thousands of new species, among them well-known flagellates such as Euglena, ciliates such as "Paramecium aurelia" and "Paramecium caudatum", and many fossils, in nearly 400 scientific publications. He was particularly interested in a unicellular group of protists called diatoms, but he also studied, and named, many species of radiolaria, foraminifera and dinoflagellates.

paragraphs: These researches built up our knowledge of the microorganisms of certain geological formations, especially of the chalk, and of the marine and freshwater accumulations. Until Ehrenberg took up the study it was not known that considerable masses of rock were composed of minute forms of animals or plants. He also demonstrated that the phosphorescence of the sea was due to organisms.

paragraphs: He was a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences from 1836 and a foreign member of the Royal Society of London from 1837. In 1839, he won the Wollaston Medal, the highest award granted by the Geological Society of London. He continued until late in life to investigate the microscopic organisms of the deep sea and of various geological formations. He died in Berlin on 27 June 1876.

paragraphs: After his death in 1876, his collections of microscopic organisms were deposited in the Humboldt Museum at the University of Berlin. The "Ehrenberg Collection" includes 40,000 microscope preparations, 5,000 raw samples, 3,000 pencil and ink drawings, and nearly 1,000 letters of correspondence. His collection of scorpions, and other arachnids from the Middle East, is also held in the Berlin Museum.


title: Afro-Haitian

paragraphs: Afro-Haitians or Black Haitians, are Haitian people whose ancestors were Africans. Most Afro-Haitians are descended from West African slaves. The slaves were brought over to work in plantations, mainly for sugar canes.

paragraphs: The vast majority (about 90%) of Haitians are of African descent. Of them, about 25-30% are of mixed race or mulatto.

paragraphs: Haiti, just like in any region in the Americas, received slaves from all over West and Central Africa. Although Haitian slaves were from all over Africa, the most common were Kongos from the Congo region, and Ewe and Fon tribes of current-day Benin or Togo. There was also a lot of Igbo people from Nigeria.

paragraphs: Haitian Voodoo is obviously from the Fon people of Benin, when they came in large numbers as slaves to work in plantations as maids, farmers, and sugar cane cutters have kept their traditions strong and alive till this day after 300 years away from their original home.

paragraphs: The African influence can also be seen in the language Haitians use to speak; Haitian Creole is a French-based language with strong African influence in the phonetics, vocabulary, syntax, grammar, pronunciations. There are many words of African origin used in every day speech. Haitian food is mostly of African origin, including the names of the food. The music of Haiti is filled with African rhythms and instruments, the use of call and response as well as vocal African songs.


title: Mark Fitzpatrick

paragraphs: Mark Fitzpatrick (born November 13, 1968 in Toronto, Ontario) is a Canadian retired ice hockey goaltender.

paragraphs: Before playing in the NHL, Cloutier played 1 season in the BCJHL with the Revelstoke Rangers and 3 seasons in the WHL with the Medicine Hat Tigers whom he won the Memorial Cup twice with.

paragraphs: He was drafted by the Los Angeles Kings with the 27th overall pick in the 1987 NHL Entry draft. He played 17 games with the Kings and on February 22, 1989 he was traded along with Wayne McBean to the New York Islanders in exchange for Kelly Hrudey. He played 2 seasons with the Islanders. During his time with them, Fitzpatrick contracted Eosinophilia–myalgia syndrome, which is a potentially fatal neurological disease and it cost him almost all of the 1990-91 NHL season. He was able to recover and he returned to the ice in February 1992. He won the Bill Masterton Memorial Trophy for his efforts in returning to the league after the illness in 1992.

paragraphs: On June 20, 1993, during the expansion draft for the Florida Panthers and the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim, he was traded to the Quebec Nordiques for Ron Hextall and a swap of first-round picks. After only four days, he was claimed in the expansion draft by the Panthers. He played 5 seasons with the Panthers where he played as a backup goaltender to John Vanbiesbrouck.

paragraphs: On January 16, 1998, he was traded to the Tampa Bay Lightning with Jody Hull for Dino Ciccarelli and Jeff Norton. During his time in Tampa, he only managed record 7 wins in 34 games for the struggling Lightning who finished the season with the worst record in the NHL.

paragraphs: He was traded to the Chicago Blackhawks for Michal Sykora where he spent the season as a backup capacity to Jocelyn Thibault. He moved to Carolina Hurricanes for the 1999–2000 NHL season but spent most of the year playing in the International Hockey League for the Cincinnati Cyclones. He only played 3 games for the Carolina Hurricanes and spent another season in the IHL for the Detroit Vipers before he retired from playing professional ice hockey in 2001.


title: Emile Francis

paragraphs: Emile Francis (born September 13, 1926 in North Battleford, Saskatchewan), nicknamed "The Cat", is a Canadian retired ice hockey goaltender, coach and general manager.

paragraphs: In the NHL, Francis played 2 seasons with the Chicago Black Hawks and 22 games for the New York Rangers. He served as a back-up goaltender during his time with the Rangers. He was also the first goaltender to use a first baseman’s glove with a cuff added to protect his hand and wrist while previous goaltenders would were the same padded gloves as their teammates.

paragraphs: He mainly played in the AHL and WHL which he played for a number of different teams including the Vancouver Canucks, Saskatoon Quakers and Seattle Americans. He retired from playing professional ice hockey in 1960.

paragraphs: After he retired, he became the head coach of the OHA's Guelph Royals and then became the head coach of the New York Rangers from 1965 to 1975. He then became the head coach of the St. Louis Blues 1976 to 77 and in 1982. After coaching, Francis became the General Manager of the New York Rangers from 1964 to 1976, the General Manager of the St. Louis Blues from 1976 to 1983 and the General Manager of the Hartford Whalers from 1983 to 1989. He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1982 as a builder.

paragraphs: His son Bobby Francis also played in the NHL for the Detroit Red Wings. He also coached the Phoenix Coyotes from 1999 to 2004.


title: Peggy Stewart

paragraphs: Peggy Stewart (born Margaret O'Rourke; June 5, 1923 – May 29, 2019) was an American movie actress. She starred mostly in B-movies during the 1930s and 1940s. Her sister, Patricia O'Rourke, was an Olympic swimmer and was married to World War II hero and B-movie actor Wayne Morris.

paragraphs: Stewart was born on June 5, 1923 in West Palm Beach, Florida. She was married to Don Barry from 1940 until they divorced in 1944. Then she was married to Buck Young from 1953 until his death 2000. Stewart died on May 29, 2019 at the age of 95.

paragraphs: Stewart appeared in the 2012 Adam Sandler movie "That's My Boy".

paragraphs: Stewart played Pam Beesly's grandmother, Mee-Maw, in a 2009 episode of "The Office" and reprised the role in a 2010 episode.


title: The Last Station

paragraphs: The Last Station is an American 2009 biographical-drama movie about last months of Leo Tolstoy's life. It was directed by Michael Hoffman. It stars Christopher Plummer, Helen Mirren, and Paul Giamatti. It was released to positive reviews on December 23, 2009. It was nominated for many awards.


title: Beginners

paragraphs: Beginners is a 2010 American romantic-comedy-drama movie directed by Mike Mills. It is about the story of Oliver, a man remembering the life and death from cancer of his widowed gay father, Hal, while trying to work a new romantic relationship with a Frenchwoman, Anna.

paragraphs: It stars Christopher Plummer and Ewan McGregor. It was released to positive reviews on June 3, 2011. This movie lead to Plummer's first Academy Award win.


title: 9 (2009 movie)

paragraphs: 9 is a 2009 adult animated science fiction movie directed by Shane Acker and produced by Tim Burton. It stars Elijah Wood, John C. Reilly, Jennifer Connelly, Christopher Plummer, Crispin Glover, and Martin Landau. It was released on September 9, 2009 to mixed reviews.


title: Norman Tindale

paragraphs: Norman Barnett Tindale AO (12 October 1900 – 19 November 1993) was an Australian anthropologist, archaeologist and ethnologist. He worked for the South Australian Museum for almost 50 years. He is best known for his work mapping the various cultural groupings of Indigenous Australians.

paragraphs: He was born in Perth, Western Australia. His family moved to Tokyo in 1907, when he was a young boy. Norman was educated at the American School in Japan. The family returned to Perth in 1915, and then moved to Adelaide in 1917. Tindale got a job at the Adelaide Public Library. In January 1919, he got a job at the South Australian Museum as entomologist's assistant to Arthur Mills Lea. He had already published thirty-one papers on entomological, ornithological and anthropological subjects before receiving his Bachelor of Science degree at the University of Adelaide in March 1933.

paragraphs: Tindale began mapping the cultural groupings of Indigenous Australians early in his career. His interest in this began during a research trip to Groote Eylandt in 1921–1922. On the island, an Anindilyakwa man gave Tindale detailed descriptions of which land belonged to his family and which land did not. This led Tindale to question the widely held belief among European Australians at the time, which was that Aboriginal people were nomadic and had no connection to any specific area. Tindale's maps have been superseded by more accurate ones.

paragraphs: After his retirement from the South Australian Museum, Tindale began teaching at the University of Colorado. He lived in the United States until his death, aged 93, in Palo Alto, California.

paragraphs: Tindale was made an Officer of the Order of Australia (AO) in 1994, shortly after his death.


title: Savoy Hotel

paragraphs: The Savoy Hotel is a luxury hotel on the Strand in central London. It was built by impresario Richard D'Oyly Carte with profits from his Gilbert and Sullivan operas, and opened on 6 August 1889. It was the first in the Savoy group of hotels and restaurants, which were owned by his family for over a century.

paragraphs: The Savoy was the first luxury hotel in Britain. It had electric lights throughout the building, electric lifts, bathrooms in most of the lavishly furnished rooms, constant hot and cold running water, and many other innovations. D'Oyly Carte hired manager César Ritz and French chef Auguste Escoffier, who established the highest quality in service, entertainment and dining. The hotel attracted royalty and other rich guests and diners. Winston Churchill frequently took his cabinet to lunch at the hotel.

paragraphs: The hotel became Carte's most successful venture. Its bands, Savoy Orpheans and the Savoy Havana Band, became famous, and other entertainers (who were also often guests) included George Gershwin, Frank Sinatra, Lena Horne and Noël Coward. Famous guests have included Edward VII, Enrico Caruso, Charlie Chaplin, Otto Hahn, Harry Truman, Joan Crawford, Judy Garland, Babe Ruth, Laurence Olivier, Marilyn Monroe, John Wayne, Humphrey Bogart, Elizabeth Taylor, Barbra Streisand, Bob Dylan, The Beatles and numerous others.

paragraphs: The hotel is now managed by Fairmont Hotels and Resorts. It has been called "London's most famous hotel". It is still one of London's most prestigious and opulent hotels, with 268 rooms and panoramic views of the River Thames across Savoy Place and the Thames Embankment. The hotel closed in December 2007 for extensive renovations and reopened in October 2010.


title: Dorothy Kilner

paragraphs: Dorothy Kilner (17 February 1755 – 5 February 1836) was an English writer of children's books during the late 18th century.

paragraphs: Dorothy published her first books anonymously. She then published under the pseudonyms M. P. and Mary Pelham. This was common practice among female authors in that period.

paragraphs: Dorothy's most famous book was "The Life and Perambulation of a Mouse". This was published in 1784. Some other books of hers are "Anecdotes of a Boarding School, or an antidote to the vices of those Establishments" (1790), "Little Stories for Little Folks" (about 1785), and "The Village School" (1795). Most of her stories had moral lessons.

paragraphs: Dorothy was probably born in Woodford, which was part of Essex at the time. Her father was Thomas Kilner (1719–1804), a public servant and landowner. Her mother was Frances Kilner (née Ayscough; 1718–1768). Dorothy was the youngest of five children. The family lived in Maryland Point.

paragraphs: Dorothy was inspired to write through her friendship with Mary Ann Maze (Mary Ann Kilner, 1753–1831). The two became friends when they were children. They wrote many letters to each other on religious and personal matters. The letters were usually written in verse. Maze later married Dorothy's brother, Thomas Kilner (1750–1812) in 1774. Dorothy moved into their house in Spitalfields, and helped to raise their five children.

paragraphs: Both Dorothy and Mary Ann became writers, and wrote many books for children. Their books were published by John Marshall. Copies of their books were found long after their deaths in a trunk in their home in Maryland Point. Several titles continued to be reprinted for many years.


title: Jessica Barth

paragraphs: Jessica Barth is an American writer and actress. Jessica Barth studied acting and creative writing at the West Chester University.

paragraphs: Jessica Barth started working at three different restaurants in Los Angeles, California. She began her acting career with theater plays. She later began a professional acting career with her appearances in films and television series. Jessica Barth earned worldwide recognition with her first bigger appearance in "Ted" as Tami-Lynn, the main character's love interest.


title: Giovanni Ribisi

paragraphs: Antonino Giovanni Ribisi (born December 17, 1974) is an American actor. He began acting on television shows, guest-starring in "Friends". He starred in many movies, including "Saving Private Ryan", "Avatar" and "Ted".


title: Lawrence Kohlberg

paragraphs: Lawrence Kohlberg (25 October 1927 – 19 January 1987) was an American psychologist. Today, he is mostly known for his theory, that the development of a sense of what is morally right or wrong occurs in different stages. There are three main stages, which are subdivided:


title: Ventriloquism

paragraphs: Ventriloquism is a form of stage theater in which a person changes his or her voice so that it sounds like the voice is coming from somewhere else (usually a puppet or a dummy). A ventriloquist is one who performs this art.

paragraphs: Originally, it was practiced in religion. Now, it is used in comedy.

paragraphs: Today's modern ventriloquism started in nightclubs.


title: Blobfish

paragraphs: The blobfish (Ignacío H) ("Psychrolutes marcidus") is a fish of the family Fishiculos. It lives in deep waters off the coasts of Australia, Tasmania and New Zealand.

paragraphs: Blobfish are typically shorter than 30 cm. They live at depths between where the pressure is several dozen times higher than at sea level.

paragraphs: Blobfish are often caught accidentally in bottom trawling nets. Scientists now fear the blobfish could become an endangered species because of deep-ocean trawling.


title: Chac

paragraphs: Chac (also spelled Chaac) is the rain god of the Maya. He has a lightning axe. He uses it to hit the clouds and make thunder and rain.


title: Shelby Foote

paragraphs: Shelby Dade Foote, Jr. (November 17, 1916 – June 27, 2005) was an American historian and writer. He was an important person for Civil War documentaries. He wrote many books about the war and Abraham Lincoln. His most famous book about the war was "".

paragraphs: Shelby Dade Foote, Jr. was born on November 17, 1916 in Greenville, Mississippi. He studied at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Foote is of Jewish descent, but he was raised as an Episcopalian.

paragraphs: Foote began writing a three volume, 3000-page history, together called "". The separate volumes are "Fort Sumter to Perryville" (1958), "Fredericksburg to Meridian" (1963), and "Red River to Appomattox" (1974).

paragraphs: When "The Civil War" by Ken Burns was first broadcast, his telephone number was publicly listed. and He received many phone calls from people who had seen him on television. Foote never unlisted his number, and the volume of calls increased each time the series re-aired.

paragraphs: He was married to Tess Lavery from 1944 until they divorced in 1946. Then he was married to Marguerite "Peggy" Desommes from 1948 until they divorced in 1952. They had one child. Then he was married to Gwyn Rainer from 1956 until his death in 2005. They had one child.

paragraphs: Foote died on June 27, 2005 at a hospital in Memphis, Tennessee from heart failure caused by a heart attack and pulmonary embolism. He was 88 years old. Foote is buried at Elmwood Cemetery in Memphis, Tennessee.


title: Ken Burns

paragraphs: Kenneth Lauren "Ken" Burns (born July 29, 1953) is an American director and producer of documentary movies. He is known for his style of using archival footage and photographs. Burns is also a historian and writer.

paragraphs: His most widely known documentaries are "The Civil War" (1990), "Baseball" (1994), "Jazz" (2001), "The War" (2007), "" (2009), "Prohibition" (2011) and "The Central Park Five" (2012)

paragraphs: Burns' documentaries have been nominated for two Academy Awards and have won Emmy Awards, among other honors.

paragraphs: Burns was born on July 29, 1953 in Brooklyn, New York City, New York. He studied at Hampshire College. Burns was married to Amy Stechler from 1982 until they divorced in 1993. Then he was married to Julie Deborah Brown since 2003.

paragraphs: Burns said that he is influenced by Shelby Foote and Errol Morris.


title: Female genital mutilation

paragraphs: Female genital mutilation (FGM) is cutting off part or all of the female genitals that are outside of the body. FGM is also called female genital cutting and female circumcision. It is done for traditional reasons, as part of a ritual, not for medical reasons.

paragraphs: FGM is most common in 27 African countries, as well as Yemen and Iraqi Kurdistan. However, it also happens in other countries in Asia, the Middle East, and around the world. Usually, FGM is not done by a doctor or in a hospital. It is often done with a razor blade or other sharp instruments, in many cases without anesthesia.

paragraphs: Different ethnic groups do different kinds of FGM. They also do FGM at different ages. Some groups do FGM when infants are only a few days old. Others do it when girls reach puberty, or are older. In about half the countries where FGM happens, most girls have FGM before they are five years old.

paragraphs: FGM can cause serious health problems, like infections, chronic pain, trouble getting pregnant and giving birth, bleeding so bad that it can kill. FGM does not make a person's health better in any way.

paragraphs: FGM is illegal in most of the countries where it happens. However, these laws are often ignored. Since the 1970s, many countries have tried to stop FGM. In 2012, the United Nations General Assembly said that FGM is a human rights problem, and voted to try harder to stop it. The World Health Organization and the "Maputo Protocol" to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights also say that FGM must be stopped.

paragraphs: There are many different types of female genital mutilation. The World Health Organization (WHO) has created four basic categories of FGM, called Types 1-IV.

paragraphs: In Type I FGM, part or all of the clitoris is cut off. The clitoris is the female organ that makes sex feel good for women. Without it, a woman usually cannot have an orgasm.

paragraphs: There are a few forms of Type II FGM. All of them involve cutting off part or all of the inner labia, the two flaps of skin on the sides of the opening to the vagina. The forms of Type II FGM are:

paragraphs: Type III FGM is usually called infibulation. It is the most severe form of FGM. The genitals outside a woman's body are cut off and the wound is sewn shut with thread and thorns. The different types of infibulation are:

paragraphs: When the labia are sewn shut, one small hole is left open so the girl can urinate and menstruate. The hole is kept open by putting something like a twig into the wound. To help the wound close, the girl's legs are tied together, often from hip to ankle, for up to six weeks.

paragraphs: After the woman gets married, her vagina is cut open so she can have sex. A midwife might cut open the vagina with a knife, or the woman's husband might tear it open with his penis. If the woman gets pregnant, the vagina is opened more for childbirth, and then often sewn back up afterward (this is called re-infibulation).

paragraphs: Type IV FGM is anything else that is done to hurt the genitals, like scraping, burning, scarring, or cutting the genitals without cutting them off.

paragraphs: In many countries where FGM is common, almost every woman and girl in the country has had FGM. In other countries, millions of women and girls have had FGM over many years.

paragraphs: In 25 countries in Africa and the Middle East, over 125 million women and girls have had FGM. This includes:

paragraphs: In some of these same 25 countries, FGM is very common. It is most common in these countries:

paragraphs: However, in other countries, FGM is not as common. For example, of the 25 countries where FGM happens most often, it is least common in these countries:

paragraphs: FGM can hurt women's physical and mental health throughout their lives.

paragraphs: The type of complications that a girl or woman might have from FGM depend on many things, like:

paragraphs: "Short-term complications" are health problems caused by FGM soon after the FGM happened. Common short-term complications include:

paragraphs: More serious short-term complications can cause symptoms that can kill a woman. They include:

paragraphs: Nobody knows how many girls and women die from FGM.

paragraphs: Late complications happen later on after FGM is done. For example:

paragraphs: Painful periods are common because it is very difficult for the monthly menstrual blood to get out of the tiny hole left by infibulation. Blood can fill the vagina and uterus, and stay there without moving. If the vagina gets completely blocked, the vagina and uterus can fill up completely with menstrual blood. Because women with this problem do not menstruate, and blood builds up in their abdomen (making it swell), it can be confused with pregnancy.

paragraphs: FGM may increase a woman's risk of having problems during pregnancy and childbirth. For example, women who had infibulations are more likely to:

paragraphs: FGM also raises the risk that a woman's baby will die soon after it is born. In 2008, the WHO estimated that 10–20 babies out of every 1,000 die because their mothers had FGM. All types of FGM were found to raise babies' risk of death, which was:

paragraphs: There is not much information about the effects of FGM on women's and girls' mental health. However, a few small studies have found that women with FGM often have anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

paragraphs: Studies on how FGM affects women's ability to have sex have also been small. In total, in 2013, there had been 15 studies involving 12,671 women from seven countries. When all the information from these studies was put together, researchers found that:


title: Lightning bolt

paragraphs: A lightning bolt (or a lighting strike) is a line of electric energy that is made during thunderstorms. It is very powerful and can kill anyone that it touches. It usually strikes tall objects such as skyscrapers, trees and mountains. A few people have survived lightning strikes.


title: Bruce Hubbard

paragraphs: Bruce Hubbard (1952–1991) was an American operatic baritone singer. He is known for appearing in several productions of "Show Boat" and "Porgy and Bess".

paragraphs: Hubbard was born in Indianapolis, Indiana in 1951.


title: Tadeusz Mazowiecki

paragraphs: Tadeusz Mazowiecki (18 April 1927 – 28 October 2013) was a Polish author, journalist, philanthropist and Christian-democratic politician. Mazowiecki was the first Prime Minister of Poland. His term began in 1989 and ended in 1991.

paragraphs: Mazowiecki was born on 18 April 1927 in Płock, Second Republic of Poland. He was married two times (became a widower twice). He had three children, Wojciech, Adam, and Michal.

paragraphs: He was formerly one of the leaders of the Solidarity movement. Mazowiecki was the first non-communist prime minister in the Eastern Bloc after World War II. He became Prime Minister on 24 August 1989. His term lasted for nearly 2 years when he left office on 12 January 1991.

paragraphs: In 2003, he was elected to the board of directors of the International Criminal Court's Trust Fund for Victims.

paragraphs: Mazowiecki received numerous awards. An honorary degree from the universities in: Leuven, Genoa, Giessen, Poitiers, Exeter, Warsaw University and University of Economics in Katowice.

paragraphs: He also received the Order of White Eagle (1995), Golden Order of Bosnia (1996), Légion d'honneur (1997), Srebrnica Award (2005), the Giant award (1995) awarded by "Gazeta Wyborcza" ("Election Gazette") in Poznań and Jan Nowak-Jezioranski Award (2004).

paragraphs: Mazowiecki died on 28 October 2013 in Warsaw, Poland from complications from a fever caused by pneumonia. He was 86 years old.


title: Heat lightning

paragraphs: Heat lightning is the name for lightning from thunderstorms that are far away that is not followed by thunder. This happens because the lightning is far away and the sound of the thunder stops before it reaches the person watching the thunderstorm. Although it is named heat lightning, it does not have anything to do with the heat of the lightning itself. At night, lightning can be seen from up to 100 miles away, but the thunder doesn't go that far.

paragraphs: Heat lightning is often seen during the summer months. In Florida, heat lightning can often been seen over the water at night from thunderstorms that formed during the day.


title: Stansfield Turner

paragraphs: Stansfield M. Turner (December 1, 1923 – January 18, 2018) was a United States Navy admiral and former Director of Central Intelligence and President of the Naval War College. He is currently a senior research scholar at the University of Maryland, College Park School of Public Policy.

paragraphs: Turner was born on December 1, 1923 in Highland Park, Illinois. He studied at Amherst College, at the United States Naval Academy, and at Exeter College, Oxford. He was a Christian Scientist. Turner died in Seattle, Washington on January 18, 2018 at the age of 94.


title: Bronisław Geremek

paragraphs: Professor Bronisław Geremek (Benjamin Lewertow; March 6, 1932 - July 13, 2008) was a Polish social historian and politician. Geremek served as Poland's Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1997 through 2000.

paragraphs: Geremek was born on March 6, 1932 in Warsaw, Poland. He studied at Warsaw University. Geremek was married to Hanna Geremek until his death in 2008.

paragraphs: Geremek died on July 13, 2008 after a car crash in Lubień, Poland. The cause of the crash was because Geremek fell asleep behind the wheel. He was 76 years old. A state funeral was granted for Geremek.


title: Philip Baker Hall

paragraphs: Philip Baker Hall (born September 10, 1931) is an American actor. He starred in Paul Thomas Anderson's movies, "Hard Eight", "Boogie Nights" and "Magnolia". Other movies included "Air Force One", "The Truman Show", "Bruce Almighty", "Rush Hour" and "The Amityville Horror".

paragraphs: Hall was born in Toledo, Ohio. He studied at the University of Toledo. He was married twice, both ended in divorce. Hall had two children.


title: Dry thunderstorm

paragraphs: A dry thunderstorm is a type of thunderstorm where there is lightning and thunder, but most or all of the precipitation does not reach the ground. They usually happen in deserts or areas with low water vapor. Because dry air usually absorbs liquid water, the rain is absorbed before it reaches the ground. They happen a lot during the summer months in western North America.

paragraphs: Dry thunderstorms are dangerous because they can cause dust storms and wildfires. Dust storms can happen because the dry soil and sand are picked up by strong winds. Wildfires can happen because the lightning can hit trees and there is no rain to put out the fires.


title: César Ritz

paragraphs: César Ritz (23 February 1850 – 24 October 1918) was a Swiss hotelier and founder of several hotels. He gave his name to the Hôtel Ritz Paris and The Ritz Hotel in London. His motto was "king of hoteliers, and hotelier to kings". His name is the origin of the word "ritzy".

paragraphs: At fifteen Ritz was apprenticed as a "somelier" (wine waiter) at a hotel in Brig. Dismissed after a year as an unsuitable candidate for the hotel trade, he went to Paris at the time of the 1867 Universal Exhibition.

paragraphs: Ritz's formative five years in Paris, including the siege of 1870 during the Franco-Prussian War, gave him sufficient polish and confidence to transform himself from a waiter and general factotum into a "maître d'hôtel", manager, and eventually hotelier.

paragraphs: In 1872, Ritz became floor waiter of the Hôtel Splendide in Paris, meeting many rich, self-made Americans as guests. In 1873 he was a waiter in Vienna at the time of the International Exhibition. In the winter of that year his astonishing career in hotel management began when he undertook the direction of the restaurant at the Grand Hôtel in Nice. Regular moves then followed. He followed the migration of the international tourist set from the hotels of Nice or San Remo in winter to Swiss mountain resorts such as Rigi-Kulm and Lucerne in summer.

paragraphs: In 1878, he became the manager of the Grand Hôtel National in Lucerne and held the same position, in parallel, at the Grand Hôtel in Monaco until 1888. A pioneer in the development of luxury hoteliering, he knew how to entice wealthy customers and got a reputation for good taste and elegance. He was the first to say that "the customer is never wrong". His code was "See all without looking; hear all without listening; be attentive without being servile; anticipate without being presumptuous. If a diner complains about a dish or the wine, immediately remove it and replace it, no questions asked".

paragraphs: In 1888, he opened a restaurant with Auguste Escoffier in Baden-Baden, and the two were then invited to London by Richard D'Oyly Carte to become the first manager and chef of the Savoy Hotel, positions they held from 1889 until 1897. Ritz put together what he described as "a little army of hotel men for the conquest of London". The Savoy under Ritz was an immediate success, attracting a distinguished and moneyed clientele, headed by the Prince of Wales. Aristocratic women, hitherto unaccustomed to dine in public, were now "seen in full regalia in the Savoy dining and supper rooms".

paragraphs: In 1898, Ritz and Escoffier were both dismissed from the Savoy. Ritz was implicated in the disappearance of over £3,400 of wine and spirits, as well as kickbacks from suppliers. The following report is from the London "Daily Telegraph":

paragraphs: Later in 1898, he opened the celebrated Hôtel Ritz in the Place Vendôme, Paris. He went on to open The Ritz Hotel in London in 1906, which became one of the most popular meeting places of the era, for the rich and famous. The Hotel Ritz Madrid in Madrid, opened in 1910, inspired by King Alfonso XIII's desire to build a luxury hotel to rival the Ritz in Paris. Ritz enjoyed a long partnership with Auguste Escoffier, the famous French chef and father of modern French cooking. The partnership lasted until Ritz had to retire in 1907 because of deteriorating health.

paragraphs: Ritz himself withdrew progressively from the affairs of his various companies, selling out his interests in hotels at Frankfurt and Salsomaggiore in 1905 and retiring from the Ritz Hotel Development Company in 1907, from the Carlton Hotel Company in 1908, and from the Paris Ritz Company in 1911.

paragraphs: By 1912, according to Marie-Louise Ritz, to all intents and purposes his life had finished. In 1913 he was placed in a private hospital at Lausanne, and the following year he was moved to another on Lake Küssnacht in Canton Schwyz. He died at Küssnacht on 26 October 1918. Although from a humble Swiss background, César Ritz and his luxurious hotels became legendary, and his name entered the English language as an epitome of high-class cuisine and accommodation. He is buried in the village of his birth.


title: Menu

paragraphs: A menu is a list of dishes to be served at a meal. Menus have been around in Europe since the 18th century. There is a special need for them in Chinese cuisine because of the wide range of dishes on offer. Menus have been discovered from the Song Dynasty in China. In the larger cities of the time, the variety of cuisine from different regions led caterers to create a list for their patrons.

paragraphs: In restaurants, the modern menu, with dishes in a set order of courses, was invented by the great French chef Escoffier. Usually there are two types of menu at a good restaurant:

paragraphs: Lesser establishments might offer a chalkboard, with the advantage that items can be rubbed out or added on at short notice. Fish restaurants in particular depend on daily catches being supplied or bought in the early morning. They usually list fish freshly bought (as opposed to frozen).

paragraphs: In American restaurant management, "menu engineering" has become a branch of marketing.


title: Cinderella Castle

paragraphs: Cinderella Castle (or Cinderella Palace) is the fairy tale castle at the center of two Disney theme parks: the Magic Kingdom at the Walt Disney World Resort, and Tokyo Disneyland at the Tokyo Disney Resort. Both castles are recognized all over the world. They are the main attraction for each of the theme parks.


title: Clay Aiken

paragraphs: Clay Aiken (born November 30, 1978) is an American singer-songwriter, author and activist.

paragraphs: Aiken was born and raised in Raleigh, North Carolina. He was a contestant on the second season of "American Idol" in 2003. He is openly gay.

paragraphs: In 2014, Aiken announced his intentions to run for congress in North Carolina's 2nd congressional district against Republican incumbent Renee Ellmers. He officially filed to run on February 27, 2014.


title: Tokyo Disneyland

paragraphs: Tokyo Disney Resort is one of five Disney Resorts in the world. It is one of the most famous theme parks in Japan. Maihama station is the nearest station. There are many kinds of tickets for visitors to choose from. The "After 6 passport" for admission after 6 p.m. is popular with high-school students and couples.

paragraphs: Tokyo Disneyland is divided into seven theme parks.

paragraphs: They are called the "FAB 5". They always appear on stages and parades. They are mostly found at Toontown. Other characters at Toontown are Chip 'n Dale and Daisy Duck.


title: Virga

paragraphs: In meteorology, virga is precipitation that falls from a cloud but evaporates or sublimes before reaching the ground. It is seen a lot in deserts and temperate climates. These areas have low humidity and high temperatures which cause the rain to evaporate before reaching the ground. In North America, it is seen a lot in the Western United States and the Canadian Prairies. It is also seen a lot in the Middle East and North Africa.


title: Snow angel

paragraphs: A snow angel is a design made in snow that looks like an angel. It is made by lying on one's back and moving one's arms up and down, and one's legs from side to side, to make the shape of an angel. Snow angels are often made by children.


title: Menrva

paragraphs: Menrva is the Etruscan goddess of war, art, wisdom and health. She was often associated with the Greek goddess Athena. She was the precursor of the Roman Minerva.


title: Koreans in Japan

paragraphs: Koreans are one of the largest ethnic minority groups in Japan. Many Koreans immigrated from the 1920s to the 1950s.


Commission


title: Winnie Madikizela-Mandela

paragraphs: Winnie Madikizela–Mandela (born Nomzamo Winfreda Zanyiwe Madikizela; 26 September 1936 – 2 April 2018) was a South African politician. She held several government positions and headed the African National Congress Women's League. She was a member of the ANC's National Executive Committee. Madikizela-Mandela was married to President of South Africa Nelson Mandela.

paragraphs: Madikizela-Mandela was born on 26 September 1936 in Bizana, Pondoland, Transkei, South Africa. She studied at the University of South Africa. She was married to Nelson Mandela from 1958 until they divorced in 1996. They had two children. Madikizela-Mandela died of complications from diabetes on 2 April 2018 in Johannesburg at the age of 81.


title: Harry Frederick Oppenheimer

paragraphs: Harry Frederick Oppenheimer (28 October 1908 – 19 August 2000) was a famous South African businessman of Jewish descent. Oppenheimer was the chairman of Anglo American Corporation for a quarter of a century. He was also the chairman of De Beers Consolidated Mines for 27 years until he retired from those positions in 1982 and 1984. He was close friends with President of South Africa Nelson Mandela.

paragraphs: Oppenheimer was born in Kimberley, Northern Cape, South Africa. He studied at Charterhouse School and at Christ Church, Oxford University. Oppenheimer was raised in Johannesburg.

paragraphs: The Harry Oppenheimer Fellowship Award Africa's premier research prize, is awarded every year by the Oppenheimer Memorial Trust, in memory of Harry Oppenheimer's commitment to an ideal of "unambiguous excellence."

paragraphs: Oppenheimer was married to Bridget Oppenheimer until his death in 2000. They had two children. Bridget died in October 2013.

paragraphs: Oppenheimer died in Johannesburg, South Africa from cancer, aged 92.


title: Shock site

paragraphs: A shock site is a website that wants to be offensive and to shock people that see it. Shock sites usually show pictures that are meant to make people feel disgusted. These pictures are often violent, or pornographic. For example, in 2004 Goatse.cx showed a picture of a man stretching his anus. Often these sites are mentioned in emails, or online discussions, which tries to trick users into following links to another website.


title: Armillaria gallica

paragraphs: Armillaria gallica (synonymous with "A. bulbosa" and "A. lutea") is a species of "honey mushroom" in the Agaricales order.

paragraphs: The species is common and ecologically important: it decays wood. It can live as a saprophyte, or as an opportunistic parasite in weakened tree hosts to cause root or butt rot. It is found in temperate regions of Asia, North America, and Europe. The species forms fruit bodies singly or in groups in soil or rotting wood. The fungus has been accidentally introduced to South Africa.

paragraphs: "Armillaria gallica" is a largely subterranean fungus, and it produces fruit bodies that are up to about in diameter, yellow-brown, and covered with small scales. On the underside of the caps are gills that are white to creamy or pale orange.

paragraphs: The fungus develops an extensive system of underground root-like structures, called rhizomorphs which help it to decompose dead wood in temperate broadleaf and mixed forests. It has been the subject of considerable scientific research. Its ability to bioluminesce and its ability to form large and long-lived colonies are especially interesting.

paragraphs: Researchers reported finding "Armillaria gallica" in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan in the early 1990s. In one forest stand, "Armillaria"-infected oak trees had been harvested, and their stumps were left to rot in the field. Later, when red pines were planted in the same location, the seedlings were killed by the fungus "A. gallica" (then known as "A. bulbosa").

paragraphs: Using sequence analysis, they found that the underground mycelia of one individual fungal colony covered , weighing over , with an estimated age of 1,500 years. The analysis examined genetic samples collected in the forest from fruit bodies and rhizomorphs. Samples from the 15-hectare area had identical mating type alleles and mitochondrial DNA fragments. This showed the samples were all from a single genetic individual, or clone, which reached its size through vegetative growth. The authors noted: "This is the first report estimating the minimum size, mass, and age of an unambiguously defined fungal individual. Although the number of observations for plants and animals is much greater, members of the fungal kingdom should now be recognized as among the oldest and largest organisms on earth". After the "Nature" paper was published, media outlets from around the world visited the site where the specimens were found. As a result of this publicity, the individual acquired the common name "humongous fungus". There was afterward some scholarly debate as to whether the fungus qualified to be considered in the same category as other large organisms such as the blue whale or the giant redwood.


title: Affirmative action

paragraphs: Affirmative action (known as positive discrimination in the United Kingdom) is a policy where members of minority groups are given preference over members of more common or bigger groups. This is usually done to try to obtain some equality or balance. Positive discrimination is illegal in many countries.

paragraphs: It is most often found in education, employment and welfare.


title: Robinson Crusoe

paragraphs: Robinson Crusoe is a novel written by Daniel Defoe. It was first published on 25 April 1719 by William Taylor.

paragraphs: The novel's full title is "The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, Of York, Mariner: Who lived Eight and Twenty Years, all alone in an un-inhabited Island on the Coast of America, near the Mouth of the Great River of Oroonoque; Having been cast on Shore by Shipwreck, wherein all the Men perished but himself. With An Account how he was at last as strangely deliver'd by Pyrates".

paragraphs: The book is a fictional autobiography of the title character, Robinson Crusoe. Crusoe leaves the safety of his comfortable middle-class home in England and goes to sea. He is shipwrecked and becomes a castaway who spends years on a remote tropical island near Trinidad. He meets cannibals, captives and mutineers, and is eventually rescued.

paragraphs: For the first edition, Defoe pretended that the novel was a true story. He said the fictional protagonist Robinson Crusoe was the author and he pretended to be the editor of Crusoe's autobiography. This led many readers to believe that Crusoe was a real person and the book a true account of his life.

paragraphs: Many people think the story was influenced by the life of Alexander Selkirk. Selkirk was a Scottish castaway who lived for over four years on a Pacific island belonging to Chile called Más a Tierra. (In 1966, the island was renamed Robinson Crusoe Island.) However, there are other possible sources. For example, Ibn Tufail's earlier novel "Hayy ibn Yaqdhan", also set on a desert island, may have inspired Defoe.

paragraphs: Critical response to "Robinson Crusoe" has been diverse and argumentative. There has been widespread disagreement about the novel's nature and origin, values, structure, and meaning. Literary historians have not agreed on Defoe's sincerity, exact intentions, and achievement in the book.

paragraphs: "Robinson Crusoe" was very popular as soon as it was published. Before the end of 1719, it had already run through four editions. The novel's popularity has continued and it has become one of the most widely published books in history. It has prompted many imitations and adaptations for stage, film, and television.


title: Cloaking device

paragraphs: A cloaking device or invisibility cloak has long been featured in science fiction. Attempts have been made to devise a way to do it with objects, but results were disappointing until now. A paper in "Nature Communications" for September 2013 announces a new approach.

paragraphs: From reference 1, the two "supplementary movies" show the successful cloaking of a goldfish and a cat so far as they are within the experimental space.

paragraphs: A recent review said these methods were possible:


title: Mehit

paragraphs: Mehit is a goddess of lions and war in Egyptian mythology. She is the wife of the god Anhur, also a god of war.

paragraphs: She represented the full moon. Also called The Completed one (Eye of Horus)


title: Mandela and de Klerk

paragraphs: Mandela and de Klerk is a 1997 British television movie about the relationship between President of South Africa Nelson Mandela and former State-Governor F. W. de Klerk. Sidney Poitier played Mandela and Michael Caine played de Klerk. It was released on February 16, 1997.


title: Dennis Haysbert

paragraphs: Dennis Dexter Haysbert (born June 2, 1954 in San Mateo, California) is an American movie and television actor. He is known for appearing in the Allstate commercials. He also starred in many movies such as "Major League". He also starred in the television show "24".


title: Nelson Mandela Bridge

paragraphs: The Nelson Mandela Bridge is a bridge in Johannesburg, South Africa. It was completed in 2003. The reason why the bridge was built was to connect two important business areas of Braamfontein and Newton. It was named after President of South Africa Nelson Mandela.


title: Night of Champions (2013)

paragraphs: Night of Champions (2013) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was held on September 15, 2013 at the Joe Louis Arena in Detroit, Michigan. It was the seventh yearly event with the "Night of Champions" name. Similar to the last five events, the concept of the show was that every championship in the company was defended at the event.


title: David Harewood

paragraphs: David Harewood, MBE (born 8 December 1965 in Small Heath, Birmingham, England), is an English actor. He is known for playing David Estes in the Showtime series "Homeland".


title: Idris Elba

paragraphs: Idrissa Akuna "Idris" Elba is a British Actor, Movie producer, Rapper and Musician. He is known for his roles in "American Gangster", "Takers", "The Losers", "Thor", "Prometheus", "Pacific Rim Job", "" and "The Jungle Book". He won a Golden Globe Award in 2011 and a Screen Actors Guild Award in 2016.

paragraphs: On 16 March 2020, Elba announced that he had been diagnosed with COVID-19 during the 2019–2020 coronavirus pandemic.


title: Marrakesh

paragraphs: Marrakesh, or Marrakech (Berber: ; ) is an important city in the African country of Morocco. It is the fourth largest city in the country. Marrakesh is the capital of the economic region of Marrakesh-Tensift-El Haouz.

paragraphs: Marrakesh is the most important city out of all of Morocco's cities that used to be imperial cities. Berber farmers lived in Marrakesh during Neolithic times. Abu Bakr ibn Umar, the chieftain and cousin of the king of the Almoravids Yusuf ibn Tashfin, founded Marrakesh in the year 1062. The Almoravids built many schools and mosques in Marrakesh. Marrakesh has the name "Red City" because a lot of it is made out of red sandstone.

paragraphs: Marrakesh got bigger very quickly and became a cultural, religious, and trading center for sub-Saharan Africa. The mayor of Marrakesh Fatima Zahra Mansouri is the second woman mayor in Morocco.

paragraphs: Tourism is important to Marrakesh, and the city has about 400 hotels, some very grand indeed.

paragraphs: One of the things that most attract travelers to Morocco and, specifically, to the city of Marrakech, is the endless activities available and especially its variety. The most interesting and well-known are desert excursions from Marrakech, but in reality, you have many options: we are talking about excursions to the beach. There in the city itself, you do not have them, but there are many beaches near Marrakech that you can visit without much complication.


title: Goodbye Bafana

paragraphs: Goodbye Bafana is a 2007 drama movie. It is about the life of Nelson Mandela when he was in prison. It stars Dennis Haysbert and Joseph Fiennes. It was released on February 11, 2007.


title: Winnie Mandela (movie)

paragraphs: Winnie Mandela is a 2011 British-American drama-biographical movie. It is based on Anne Marie du Preez Bezrob's biography "Winnie Mandela: A Life". The movie is directed by Darrell Roodt. It stars Jennifer Hudson, Terrence Howard, Wendy Crewson, and Elias Koteas. Image Entertainment released the movie in theaters on September 6, 2013.


title: Long Walk to Freedom

paragraphs: Long Walk to Freedom is an autobiography written by President of South Africa Nelson Mandela. It was published in 1995.

paragraphs: The book is about his early life, his education and serving 27 years in prison. Under the apartheid government, Mandela was thought as a terrorist and jailed on the infamous Robben Island for his role as a leader of the then-outlawed ANC. He also say that democracy meant all men to be heard and far from majority rule, a minority was not crushed by a majority.

paragraphs: He has since gained international recognition for his leadership as president in rebuilding the country's once segregated society. The last chapters of the book describe his political ascension, and his belief that the struggle continues against apartheid in South Africa.

paragraphs: A movie based on this book was released in 2013 called "". Idris Elba played Mandela.


title: Mandela: The Authorised Biography

paragraphs: Mandela: The Authorized Biography is a biography of Nelson Mandela, former President of South Africa. It was written by journalist Anthony Sampson. It was published in 1999. Sampson's book was one of the first to talk about such issues such as Winnie Mandela's crimes, and State President Frederik Willem de Klerk's suspected attempts to use the security forces to derail peace talks.


title: Andrés Pastrana Arango

paragraphs: Andrés Pastrana Arango (born 17 August 1954) was the 30th President of Colombia from 1998 to 2002, following in the footsteps of his father, Misael Pastrana Borrero, who was president from 1970 to 1974.

paragraphs: In 1982, he began his political career, gaining a seat on the local Bogotá council. He also specialized in press articles on the production and trafficking of cocaine, for which he gained many journalistic awards. In 1991 he was elected Senator.

paragraphs: Arango was born on 17 August 1954 in Bogotá, Colombia. He studied at Our Lady of the Rosary University and at Harvard University. Arango married Nohra Puyana Bickenbach in 1981. They have three children.

paragraphs: His father, Misael Pastrana Borrero (1923 – 1997), was the 23rd President of Colombia serving from 1970 through 1974. His mother was consort María Cristina Arango Vega (1928 – 2017).


title: Jiangsu

paragraphs: Jiangsu is a province on the east coast of mainland China. Jiangsu borders Shandong in the north, Anhui to the west, and Zhejiang and Shanghai to the south. The capital of the province is Nanjing. Nanjing is the old capital of China.


title: Hell in a Cell (2013)

paragraphs: Hell in a Cell (2013) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was held on October 27, 2013 at the American Airlines Arena in Miami, Florida. It was the fifth yearly event with the "Hell in a Cell" name.


title: WWE Battleground

paragraphs: Battleground was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was held on October 6, 2013 at the First Niagara Center in Buffalo, New York. It was announced on the July 29 episode of WWE Raw as the new October WWE pay-per-view which would replace Over the Limit.


title: Attack on Titan

paragraphs: The series follows the story of Eren Jäger (a teenager boy), his adopted sister, Mikasa Ackerman, and their friend Armin Arlert (Emotional blond baby). They live in a world after the apocalypse caused by man-eating human-like giants called Titans, and they're members of what is likely the last surviving bit of civilization. Their civilization is surrounded by three protective walls called Wall Maria, Wall Rose, and Wall Sina. Eventually, Wall Maria, the outermost wall, is destroyed by the skinless Colossal Titan and the powerful big Armored Titan, leading other titans to infiltrate the outermost areas of civilization and begin their slaughter. The destruction that was caused by the titans kills Eren's mother and he vows revenge against the Titans. Eren enlists in the military and is also accompanied by Mikasa and Armin. Years after his first battle against the Titans, Eren finds out that he has the ability to transform into a Titan at will. After others found this out, Eren was seen as a threat to mankind by some but was also seen as a chance of hope by others. He later joins his companions to fight and protect what remains of their society while he also looks for answers to the mysteries surrounding the Titans, the Walls, as well as his own existence.

paragraphs: The anime was directed by Tetsurō Araki. It started broadcasting in Japan on July 8, 2013. It aired on MBS and ran from April 6, 2013 to September 28, 2013. Funimation began releasing the series in North America on home video in 2014.

paragraphs: The second season of the anime series aired between April 1, 2017 and June 17, 2017. A trailer for the third season was released on April 27, 2018. The series started broadcasting in Japan in July 23, 2018.

paragraphs: The series has been highly praised and has won multiple awards including the Kodansha Manga Award in the shōnen category in 2011 and best director, best script, best soundtrack, runner-up for commercial, best theme song, top female character, and title of the year in the 3rd Newtype Anime Awards.

paragraphs: The series was nominated for both the 4th annual Manga Taishō award and the 16th annual Tezuka Osamu Cultural Prize.

paragraphs: The 2012 edition of Kono Manga ga Sugoi! named the series the 8th best manga series for male readers. Six of the seven English volumes that were published in North America have charted on The New York Times Manga Best Seller list for the week of October 13, 2013, with volume one having been on the list for 19 weeks. Volume one was #2 on Nielsen BookScan's list of top 20 graphic novels in American bookstores for August 2013, and for the month of September, the series had more volumes on the list than any other series. The series was also named one of the Young Adult Library Services Association's "Great Graphic Novels for Teens"


title: Logorrhea

paragraphs: Logorrhea is a disorder of speech. It is a psychological disorder where a person speaks continuously in gibberish or makes no real sense. It is a sign of an underlying mental disorder, and needs psychiatric attention.

paragraphs: Logorrhea happens in many different psychiatric and neurological conditions. Some of these are glossolalia, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and schizoaffective disorder.

paragraphs: The term is sometimes used of someone who is just very talkative. This is meant to be a humorous reference.

paragraphs: The dramatic monologue "Not I" by Samuel Beckett is an example of logorrhea. So is Lucky's speech in the play "Waiting for Godot".

paragraphs: In the 1999 E.W. Scripps National Spelling Bee, the spelling bee champion Nupur Lala won with the word logorrhea. Then a documentary, "Spellbound" was made about the spelling bee.


title: SummerSlam (2013)

paragraphs: SummerSlam (2013) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by WWE. It was held on August 18, 2013 at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, California. It was the twenty-sixth yearly SummerSlam event that the WWE held.


title: Spiritual warfare

paragraphs: Spiritual warfare is a Christian belief of fighting against bad supernatural forces (demons). The existence of bad spirits which can affect humans is the main idea for this belief system. Many Christian groups have used ideas of this movement to hold back these bad forces. These ideas mainly come from Christian demonology. A way to fight these forces is by using prayer. Exorcisms (removing demons), laying-on of hands, fasting, or anointing with oil are also used.

paragraphs: Some well known people, such as Bill Ellis, Elliot Miller (Christian Research Institute), and Gretchen Passantino have claimed that ideas in spiritual warfare are based on Christian stories that are not from the Bible. These stories are not considered true by Christians who believe that only the Bible is fact.


title: Procellariidae

paragraphs: The family Procellariidae is a group of seabirds. It is made up of the fulmarine petrels, the gadfly petrels, the prions, and the shearwaters. This family is part of the bird order Procellariiformes (or tubenoses), which also includes the albatrosses, the storm-petrels, and the diving petrels.


title: Puffinus

paragraphs: Puffinus is a genus of seabirds in the order Procellariiformes. It is made up of about 20 small to medium-sized shearwaters. Two other shearwater genera are named: "Calonectris", which comprises three large shearwaters, and "Procellaria" with another four large species. The latter are usually called 'petrels', although they are thought to be more closely related to the shearwaters than to the other petrels. Even though their name looks like "puffin", the puffins are auks, and not related to the shearwaters in the genus "Puffinus"; the genus name "Puffinus" is actually a New Latin loanword based on the English "puffin".


title: No Mercy (2008)

paragraphs: No Mercy (2008) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was held on October 5, 2008 at the Rose Garden in Portland, Oregon. It was the eleventh and final No Mercy event held by the WWE.


title: No Mercy (2006)

paragraphs: No Mercy (2006) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was held on October 8, 2006 at the RBC Center in Raleigh, North Carolina. It was the ninth No Mercy event held by the WWE and was a SmackDown! brand-exclusive event.


title: Shooting of Trayvon Martin

paragraphs: The shooting of Trayvon Martin was a killing which resulted in the death of a 17-year-old in Sanford, Florida, United States. It happened on the night of February 26, 2012. Martin was shot by George Zimmerman. The case has been given a lot of coverage by the media. Zimmerman was declared not guilty of manslaughter. However, many people believe Zimmerman racially discriminated Martin.

paragraphs: Trayvon Martin was African American. He was a 17-year-old high school student at the time. Martin had been walking to his father's girlfriend's house, where he was staying. He had gone to the 7-Eleven to buy a packet of Skittles. The house was in a gated community. The shooter, George Zimmerman, was the coordinator of the neighborhood watch in this community. Zimmerman is a mixed race Hispanic man. He shot Martin in the chest, killing the teenager.

paragraphs: When he was shot, Martin had been talking on his mobile phone to his girlfriend. He was wearing a hoodie. Zimmerman had thought Martin looked suspicious. He called the emergency telephone number (911) and the operator told him that he did not need to follow Martin. Zimmerman did anyway. People are not sure what happened after this. When police arrived at the location of the shooting, Zimmerman said that Martin had punched him in the nose and knocked him onto the pavement. Martin had not been carrying a weapon when he was shot.

paragraphs: Police did not arrest Zimmerman until six weeks later. This was because of Florida's stand-your-ground law, which allows people to shoot others in order to defend themselves. Zimmerman was put on trial. On July 13, 2013, a jury decided that he was not guilty of second-degree murder and manslaughter. Protests were held in more than 100 cities in the United States by people who thought that decision was unfair. President Barack Obama made spoke in response to public anger about the trial verdict on July 19. He said, "Trayvon Martin could have been me, 35 years ago". Maddy, a juror for the trial, told ABC News that Zimmerman "got away with murder".

paragraphs: The media coverage about this case has continued even after Zimmerman was declared not guilty.

paragraphs: Geraldo Rivera said on "Fox and Friends", "I think the hoodie is as much responsible for Trayvon Martin's death as much as George Zimmerman was." This made a lot of people angry. They said it was victim blaming.

paragraphs: An episode of the cartoon comedy "South Park", "World War Zimmerman", was shown in October 2013. It parodied Zimmerman's trial. Jack Cashill wrote a book about the case called "'If I had a Son': Race, Guns, and the Railroading of George Zimmerman". It was published in October 2013.

paragraphs: Zimmerman was arrested on November 18, 2013. Police said that he was going to be put in prison. TMZ said that Zimmerman attacked his pregnant girlfriend. He has been charged with aggravated assault, domestic violence battery, and criminal mischief. Zimmerman was released on bail.

paragraphs: In October 2013, Martin's mother, Sybrina Fulton, demanded changes to the Stand Your Ground law. She said the law "creates many opportunities for people to commit terrible acts of violence and evade justice". She and Martin's father, Tracy Fulton, started the Trayvon Martin Foundation in 2012 to help victims of injustice.

paragraphs: Neighborhood watchers in Sanford are now banned from carrying guns and following people. This is to avoid another event like Martin's killing and to make the neighborhood watch's reputation better.


title: No Mercy (2005)

paragraphs: No Mercy (2005) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was held on October 9, 2005 at the Toyota Center in Houston, Texas. It was the eighth No Mercy event held by the WWE.


title: Léon Foucault

paragraphs: Jean-Bernard-Léon Foucault (born September 18, 1819, Paris, France—died February 11, 1868, Paris), was a French physicist. He introduced and helped develop a way of measuring the absolute velocity of light with extreme accuracy. He provided experimental proof that the Earth rotates on its axis.

paragraphs: Foucault was educated for the medical profession, but his interests turned to experimental physics. With Armand Fizeau, he began a series of investigations of light and heat.


title: Schistosoma mansoni

paragraphs: Schistosoma mansoni is a parasite found in the intestines of humans. It is a trematode that is one of the major agents of the disease schistosomiasis. The type of schistosomiasis caused by "Schistosoma mansoni" is intestinal schistosomiasis.


title: No Mercy (2004)

paragraphs: No Mercy (2004) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was held on October 3, 2004 at the Continental Airlines Arena in East Rutherford, New Jersey. It was the seventh No Mercy event held by the WWE.


title: Pristichampsus

paragraphs: Pristichampsus (Saw Crocodile) is an extinct crocodylian that grew to 3 metres in length. There are many different species: "P. rollinatii", the type species from France, "P. vorax" from Wyoming and Texas, and "P. geiseltalensis" from Germany.


title: Belly (movie)

paragraphs: Belly is a 1998 crime melodrama. It is about African American men and women who are caught up in violent drug-filled problems around New York City and Omaha. They begin off as friends who have elegant times and rob from others to make a living. Their friendship, however, goes downhill when their friends are raided by police and federal agents in Omaha and in New York. One friend is killed in the raid, and another gets arrested, after which he calls the girlfriend of his close associate while her telephone is wiretapped. That causes the close associate to turn against him. This movie has two different versions: one is longer than another. It was released November 1998. The reviews of the movie were not that positive. The movie was not a good performer at the box office.


title: Tropical Storm Debby (1994)

paragraphs: Tropical Storm Debby was a severe storm in some areas of the Caribbean region in September 1994. The highest winds of Debby were 70 mph. The storm did between $100 million to $130 million overall in damage. Nine people died because of this storm. Puerto Rico, Montserrat and the Dominican Republic were affected especially bad. Despite the severity, the name Debby was not retired the following spring.


title: Kathleen Hanna

paragraphs: Kathleen Hanna (born November 12, 1968) is an American musician and feminist activist. Her music is mostly punk rock and indie rock. She was the singer of Bikini Kill from 1990-1997. In 1998 she released a solo album called "Julie Ruin". In the same year she formed Le Tigre with her friend Johanna Fateman. In 2010 she formed a band called The Julie Ruin. They released their first album "Run Fast" in September 2013. The band went on tour after the release to support the album.

paragraphs: Hanna had Lyme disease for several years. She is married to Adam Horovitz, musician in the Beastie Boys. Some people, including Hanna herself, refer to her as radical feminist. Hanna was born in Portland, Oregon, and later raised in Maryland. She lives in New York.


title: Tortello Amaro di Castel Goffredo

paragraphs: The Tortello amaro di Castel Goffredo is a type of stuffed pasta like ravioli and recognized traditional food product of the Lombardy region, typical of the Castel Goffredo in the province of Mantua.


title: 2010–11 New York Knicks season

paragraphs: The 2010–11 New York Knicks was the 65th season of the New York Knicks in the National Basketball Association (NBA).