title: JWoww

paragraphs: Jennifer Lynn "Jenni" Farley (born February 27, 1986), also known as JWoww, is an American television personality. She is known for being one of the eight main cast members in the MTV reality series "Jersey Shore", and is a main cast member of its spin-off, "Snooki & Jwoww".


title: Ronnie Ortiz-Magro

paragraphs: Ronald Magro Jr. (born December 4, 1985) is an American television personality and actor. He is best known as one of the eight main cast members in the MTV reality series "Jersey Shore". She was born in The Bronx, New York City.

paragraphs: In 2017, Ortiz-Magro appeared in the second season of the E! reality series "Famously Single."

paragraphs: In 2018, Ronnie Ortiz-Magro became part of the main cast in the MTV reality television series "".


title: Deena Nicole Cortese

paragraphs: Deena Nicole Buckner (born Deena Nicole Cortese; January 12, 1987) is an American reality television personality. She appeared on the MTV reality show "Jersey Shore" from 2010 to 2012.

paragraphs: In November 2016, Cortese became engaged to Christopher Buckner. They were married on October 28, 2017.


title: Pauly D

paragraphs: Paul DelVecchio Jr. (born July 5, 1980), publicly known as DJ Pauly D, is an American television personality and disc jockey. He is best known for being a housemate on MTV's reality show "Jersey Shore".

paragraphs: He is the first of the "Jersey Shore" cast to get his own spin-off show, "The Pauly D Project".


title: Stephen Baldwin

paragraphs: Stephen Andrew Baldwin (born May 12, 1966) is an American actor. He is known for his conservative religious and political beliefs. He is the youngest of the Baldwin brothers. He was a housemated in the 2010 series of Big Brother (UK).


title: Pirc defence

paragraphs: The Pirc defence is one of the asymmetrical hypermodern defences, usually to 1.e4. It is similar to the Modern defence, but reserves the decision as to whether to fianchetto the g8 bishop.

paragraphs: Because it is so flexible it lends itself to transpositions. This is one of the main lines:

paragraphs: which is a transposition into Philidor's defence. Another idea is:


title: Cyclone Yasi

paragraphs: Tropical Cyclone Yasi was a tropical cyclone that caused a lot of damage when it reached the Australian coast at about midnight on Wednesday 2 February 2011. The storm which started in the Coral Sea, destroyed hundreds of homes in the northern Queensland towns of Tully, Mission Beach, Innisfail and Cardwell. Yasi was a Category Five storm, the highest level, with winds of about 300 km/h. It was the biggest storm in Queensland's history, with more than 10,000 people moved from their homes. The storm passed between the two big cities of Cairns and Townsville which only suffered minor damage. Early estimates of damage put the cost at about AU$100 million.

paragraphs: Cyclone Yasi did not cause the damage that government expected as it missed major cities. It did however destroy 30% of the houses in Tully. At least 75% of the banana crop was destroyed, and damage to the sugar cane farms is expected to cost about AU$500 million. One person died when they were poisoned by fumes from a portable generator. Damage to power lines left 150,000 homes without electricity.

paragraphs: The rainforest around Mission Beach was flattened by the cyclone. This meant that most of the food and shelter needed for the wildlife has been destroyed. The Southern Cassowary, a large endangered bird, will need help to survive in the forest. After Cyclone Larry in 2006 it is thought that about one third of the cassowaries at Mission Beach died from starvation. A group, called Rainforest Rescue, is going to set up feeding areas in the forest for the birds.


title: Fianna Fáil

paragraphs: Fianna Fáil is an Irish political party. It was founded in 1926 by Éamon DeValera. Its leader is Michéal Martin. It was a faction of Sinn Fein - another Irish political party alongside Fine Gael - before splitting to become its own political party in 1926. Its name is translated from Irish as 'Soldiers of Destiny' but literally means 'Warriors of Fál' (Fál was the name of Ireland in legends). Fianna Fáil does not support the Anglo-Irish treaty, unlike Fine Gael.

paragraphs: There have been eight leaders of the Fianna Fáil since its creation in 1926. They are:

paragraphs: The Youth Wing of Fianna Fáil is the Ógra Fianna Fáil, which was created in 1975 to get younger people to vote and support the party.


title: Jim Agnew

paragraphs: Jim Agnew (born March 21, 1966) is a Canadian retired professional hockey defenceman. Agnew was drafted by the Vancouver Canucks in the 8th round (157th overall) in the 1984 NHL Entry Draft. After a stellar career in the Western Hockey League with the Brandon Wheat Kings and Portland Winter Hawks, Agnew began his professional career with the Canucks in 1986.

paragraphs: Agnew spent most of the 1986–87 in the American Hockey League, although he did receive a four-game stretch with the Canucks. He would spend four full seasons in Vancouver's minor-league system while seeing occasional action in Vancouver. Playing ten games for the team in the 1987–88 during which time he recorded his only career point, and was called up again for seven games in 1989–90.

paragraphs: While playing for the Canucks in March 1990, Agnew seriously injured his left knee and required surgery. This would be the start of a chronic knee problem. Injuries to his left knee caused him to miss significant action six times over the next four seasons, and required three separate surgeries.

paragraphs: His knee problems struck just as he made the NHL on a full-time basis. He spent virtually the entire 1990–91 and 1991–92 seasons on the Canuck roster as a utility player seeing action at both forward and defence, but was limited to just 44 games over that stretch due to injury and failed to record a point.

paragraphs: He was released by the Canucks in 1992 and signed as a free agent with the Hartford Whalers. Again, however, he was limited to only 16 games by an injury to his left knee. After injuring his knee again during the Whalers' 1993 training camp, he decided to retire.

paragraphs: Agnew appeared in 81 NHL games over parts of six seasons, recording 1 assist and 257 penalty minutes.


title: Deloraine, Manitoba

paragraphs: Deloraine is a farming town in the Canadian province of Manitoba. It is situated near the Turtle Mountains in the southwestern corner of the province.


title: Western Hockey League

paragraphs: The Western Hockey League (WHL) is a major junior ice hockey league based in Western Canada and the Pacific Northwest of the United States.


title: Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

paragraphs: The War in North-West Pakistan is an insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. It involves the United States, United Kingdom, Pakistani military and Pakistani Tribes against the Taliban, Al-Qaeda and Islamic State. The main reason for the war was due to tensions breaking out between Pakistan armed forces and Al-Qaeda in 2004. It continues to the present day. 3117 Pakistani armed force members have been killed, as well as 235+ tribe members and 15 United States soldiers. 17742 insurgents have been killed or captured in this war.

paragraphs: Osama Bin Laden was killed in Abbottabad on 1 May 2011.

paragraphs: During the years of 2004, SAS soldiers were ordered to take out a renegade police officer. Two men were caught by the police and taken back to the station. Tempers had already been running high because of an arrest by soldiers who had turned out to be agents working in the Taliban organization.


title: Area code 869

paragraphs: Area code 869 is the local telephone area code of Saint Kitts and Nevis. The 869 area code was created during a split from the original (809) area code which was done in October, 1996. Like many Caribbean countries St Kitts uses +1 followed by the area code as the international direct dial phone code.

paragraphs: When in Saint Kitts and Nevis, use the seven digits alone. When calling to Saint Kitts and Nevis from anywhere in the United States or Canada simply dial 1(869) + seven digit phone number.


title: Metropolitan Police

paragraphs: The Metropolitan Police is the name of the police service for the Metropolitan police district of Greater London.

paragraphs: It covers all of London boroughs, except the City of London. It is the largest of the 52 police forces in the United Kingdom. In 2009, it had about 30000 police officers, more than three times the size of the next largest force.


title: Network port

paragraphs: A network port is a 16-bit number that identifies one side of a connection between two computers. Computers use port numbers to determine to which process or application a message should be delivered. As network addresses are like street address, port numbers are like suite or room numbers. Any program may use any port, though some port numbers have a standard use and some programs may be limited in which ports they can use for security reasons. Firewalls often block access to ports based on the network address and port of the source or destination computer, or the program using the port (if the firewall is running on the same computer).


title: False pregnancy

paragraphs: A false pregnancy, hysterical pregnancy or pseudopregnancy is when a mammal shows some of the symptoms associated with a pregnancy, but without being pregnant. False pregnancies commonly occur in dogs and mice. False pregnancy in humans is less common, and usually has psychological causes. False pregnancy is probably caused by changes in the endocrine system of the body, which leads to the secretion of hormones. These hormones are the reason physical changes happen, similar to those during pregnancy. The underlying cause is often mental.


title: Naomi Campbell

paragraphs: Naomi Eliane Campbell (born 22 May 1970) is a British supermodel and actress who was born in Streatham, a district in Lambeth, London and started her modelling career in the 1980s. She has appeared on over 500 magazine covers.

paragraphs: Naomi was one of six models of her generation declared "supermodels" by the fashion world. As the most famous black model of her time, Campbell has been outspoken throughout her career against the racial bias that exists in the fashion industry. Her personal life is widely reported, particularly her affairs with famous men—including boxer Mike Tyson and actor Robert De Niro—and several high-profile assault convictions.

paragraphs: Campbell is the daughter of Jamaican-born dancer Valerie Morris. In accordance with her mother's wishes, Campbell has never met her father, who abandoned her mother when she was four months pregnant and who went unnamed on her birth certificate. She took the surname Campbell from her mother's second marriage.

paragraphs: During her early years, Campbell lived in Rome, where her mother worked as a modern dancer. Following their return to London, she was left in the care of her maternal grandmother, Ruby, while her mother travelled across Europe with the dance troupe Fantastica. At five years old, Campbell was enrolled at the Barbara Speake Stage School and at the age of ten, she was accepted into the Italia Conti Academy of Theatre Arts, where she studied ballet.

paragraphs: In 1978 Campbell was in the video for "Is This Love" by Bob Marley. When she was 12 she tap-danced in Culture Club's video for "I'll Tumble 4 Ya". In April 1991 Campbell was in the video for "In the Closet" by Michael Jackson. In 1993 Campbell fell over while she walked down the runway for Vivienne Westwood in a pair of foot-high platform shoes. That year she was on the cover of "Vogue" twice.

paragraphs: In September 1994 Campbell released an album called "babywoman". It has sold over a million copies. A novel that she wrote called "Swan" was also published.

paragraphs: Campbell was on the cover of "Playboy" in 2000. In 2011 she was in the music video for "Girl Panic!" by Duran Duran. In 2013 she was a judge on the reality show "The Face".


title: Blue-ringed octopus

paragraphs: The blue-ringed octopus (genus Hapalochlaena) is the most venomous octopus. This small cephalopod mollusc lives in warm, shallow reefs off the coast of Australia, New Guinea, Indonesia, and the Philippines. It has a life span of about two years. As of 2020, four different species have been described and named. Other species likely exist.

paragraphs: The blue-ringed octopus has distinctive blue rings on its body and on its eight arms. This is its warning colouration, which it shows when attacked. The full warning display is bright yellow with blue rings or lines. It is only about 8 in (20 cm) with the tentacles spread wide.

paragraphs: It eats crabs, shrimp, and small fish. It hides in the reef, then catches prey with its arms, bites it with its tough beak, and kills it by delivering a poison in the saliva. The poison is a neurotoxin (maculotoxin) that is strong enough to kill a human being.


title: Plasmodium falciparum

paragraphs: Plasmodium falciparum is a protozoan parasite, one of the species of "Plasmodium" which cause malaria in humans. It is transmitted by the female "Anopheles" mosquito. "P. falciparum" is the most dangerous of these infections as "P. falciparum" (or malignant) malaria has the highest rates of complications and mortality.

paragraphs: There are about 200 species in the genus "Plasmodium", divided into 15 sub-genera. The parasites are partners in a complex co-evolution with mosquitos and land vertebrate species.


title: Alexander Kazarsky

paragraphs: Aleksandr Ivanovich Kazarsky () (June 16, 1797 – June 16, 1833) was a Russian Navy officer. He was the hero of the Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829). Kazarsky was the captain of brig Mercury. He became famous after the victory in the battle against two Turkish ships of the line.

paragraphs: A brig and a torpedo boat were named after Alexander Kazarsky.


title: Chrissie Hynde

paragraphs: Christine Ellen "Chrissie" Hynde (born 7 September 1951 Akron, Ohio) is an American singer, songwriter and guitarist. She is a member of the rock band The Pretenders. She has been singing since about 1975.


title: Sandhill crane

paragraphs: The sandhill crane ("Grus canadensis") is a bird that lives in Canada and the northern U.S. It migrates to Mexico and the southern U.S. in winter.


title: Behind the Paint

paragraphs: Behind the Paint is an autobiography of Joseph Bruce better known as Violent J, one half of the hip-hop group, Insane Clown Posse. The book was published by Psychopathic Records in July of 2003 and had a revised second edition that was released in August 2004. The book is about Bruce's childhood, professional wrestling career, and musical career. Brian Raftery, a writer for "Wired" magazine commented on the book saying: it was a "soul-baring memoir filled with unpleasant details."


title: Kratts' Creatures

paragraphs: Kratts' Creatures was a 1996 children's television series. The show was about learning about the world of animals. The show produced a spin-off show called "Zooboomafoo" due to "Kratts' Creatures" popularity. Reruns are currently airing on PBS in America.


title: Lenticular cloud

paragraphs: A lenticular cloud ("Altocumulus lenticularis") is a type of cloud that forms at high altitudes. They are shaped like discs, and remain roughly in the same position. Because of the way they are shaped, they have been offered as an explanation for some UFO sightings. Lenticular clouds are formed when the wind forces the air up a mountain ridge to where the air is cooler and water vapor condenses.


title: Wiz Khalifa

paragraphs: Cameron Jibril Thomaz (born September 8, 1987 in Minot, North Dakota), known by his stage name, Wiz Khalifa, is an American rapper, singer, songwriter and actor . His stage name is derived from "khalifa", an Arabic word meaning "successor", and wisdom, which was shortened to Wiz when he was fifteen. He released his fourth studio album on December 4, 2012 called O.N.I.F.C.

paragraphs: Wiz Khalifa is on the Atlantic Records label, which he signed with in April 2010.


title: Patric Hörnqvist

paragraphs: Patric Gösta Hörnqvist (born January 1, 1987) is a Swedish professional ice hockey right winger. He currently plays for the Pittsburgh Penguins of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also played for the Nashville Predators of the NHL and Djurgårdens IF of the SEL.

paragraphs: Hörnqvist was selected 230th overall in the 2005 NHL Entry Draft by the Nashville Predators. On June 28, 2014, the Predators traded Hörnqvist along with Nick Spaling to the Pittsburgh Penguins in exchange for James Neal.


title: Jackass (TV series)

paragraphs: Jackass was an American reality television comedy series which was first shown on MTV on October 1, 2000. The series centers around the cast and celebrity guests performing lots of dangerous, crude, ridiculous, and self-injuring stunts and pranks. The show has spawned three movies "", "Jackass 2" and "Jackass 3-D". The show has also made several spin-off shows including "Viva La Bam", "Wildboyz", "Homewrecker", "Dr. Steve-O" and "Blastazoid" and a video game called .


title: City of London Police

paragraphs: The City of London Police is the police force responsible for law enforcement within the City of London, including the Middle and Inner Temple.

paragraphs: The service responsible for law enforcement within the rest of Greater London is the Metropolitan Police Service, a separate organisation.

paragraphs: Nationally, as a result of the Fraud Review 2008, the force was recognised as the lead police force for fraud and granted funding from government to further develop its capabilities nationally and internationally. The police authority is the Corporation of London.

paragraphs: The City of London area has a resident population of 8,043 with 4,421 households. These numbers are increased by the daily influx of approximately 300,000 commuters working in the City, and many tourists. 300,000 cars passing through the square mile a day.

paragraphs: The Force has 1,200 employees, including 813 police officers, 85 Special Constables, 48 Police Community Support Officers and three police stations (in Snow Hill, Wood Street and Bishopsgate). The City of London Police is the smallest territorial police force in England, both in terms of geographic area – the square mile centre of London – and the number of police officers.

paragraphs: Counter-terrorism is the Force’s top priority, because the threat of terrorist activity to the City, and therefore to the economic and psychological wellbeing of the nation, is a real risk.

paragraphs: The Force is the lead organisation responsible for planning and operating the anti-terrorist measures known as the Ring of Steel. Regular police officers in the Ring of Steel cordon are guarded by other officers armed with Heckler & Koch MP5 semi-automatic submachine guns.

paragraphs: As well as the 'Traffic and Environmental zone' (the Ring of Steel), the Force carries out both high visibility and covert patrols, educates the security staff of City companies, and has an advanced Camera Watch system. There is ANPR (automatic number plate reading) within the City. The Force says "A wide range of unarmed and armed tactics are available to the Force to counter any perceived threat".


title: Claudia Schiffer

paragraphs: Claudia Schiffer (born 25 August 1970) is a German supermodel and actress. She was born in Rheinberg, North Rhine-Westphalia, West Germany. Schiffer is one of the world's most successful models. She has appeared on over 500 magazine covers.


title: Jack Crawford (sailor)

paragraphs: Jack Crawford (22 March 1775–10 November 1831) was a sailor of the Royal Navy. He was most famous for his actions at the Battle of Camperdown in 1797, and so is known as the "Hero of Camperdown."

paragraphs: Crawford was born in the east end of Sunderland. He trained as a keelman until 1786 when he joined the crew of the "Peggy" at South Shields as an apprentice. He was still only 11 or 12 years old. In 1796, he was press-ganged into the Royal Navy and served on HMS "Venerable" under Admiral Duncan, the Royal Navy Commander-in-Chief of the North Seas.

paragraphs: At the Battle of Camperdown (11 October 1797), "Venerable" was Admiral Duncan's flagship. During the battle, part of the "Venerable's" mast was felled, including the admiral's flag. Lowering the Admiral's personal flag was a sign of surrender. Crawford climbed the mast and nailed the colours to the top.

paragraphs: After the victory procession in London he was formally presented to King George III of the United Kingdom and was given a government pension of £30 a year, and later a silver medal from the people of Sunderland. However, Crawford fell on hard times and drunkenness, and had to sell his medal. He became the second victim of the cholera epidemic of 1831 and was buried in an unmarked "pauper's" grave.

paragraphs: Towards the end of the nineteenth century interest in the 'Hero of Camperdown' was renewed. A headstone was put up in Holy Trinity, Sunderland churchyard in 1888. Two years later a monument was erected in Mowbray Park, opposite what is now the Civic Centre.

paragraphs: A pub in Monkwearmouth was named the Jack Crawford and sported a carved figure of him on the side of the building. After the pub was destroyed during World War II, the figure was removed. In 1987 it was loaned to Sunderland Museum and put on display in the local history gallery but has been returned to the owner. The Museum holds Jack Crawford in high regard. There was an exhibition about him on the bicentenary of the Battle of Camperdown and there was a display about him in SeaBritain Year (2005). One of the Learning Rooms is named after him and there are several pieces of nineteenth century Jack Crawford commemorative pottery on display in the Pottery Gallery and the silver medal that was presented to him by the Town following the battle in 1797, and given to the Museum by the Earl of Camperdown in 1880, is proudly on display in the Sunderland Heroes section of the Museum Street near the entrance of this award winning Museum.

paragraphs: Outside Sunderland doubt has been raised about Crawford's heroics. Nevertheless, possible evidence that Crawford was not a volunteer, that he was forced to climb the mast, or that he was drunk is ignored by the people of his hometown. One book, written by the American Sheri Holman, attracted criticism from the City's Mayor. However, local historian William Corder had already made the criticism in the 1890s; Corder thought little of Crawford. He claimed that it was reported by reliable witnesses that Crawford was "drunk, acted without orders, and should have been court-martialled". Furthermore, Corder dismissed as a "deplorable monument" what others called the "fine headstone" of 1888.


title: Maria Cristina of Naples and Sicily

paragraphs: Maria Cristina of Naples and Sicily (Maria Cristina Amelia Teresa; 17 January 1779 – 11 March 1849) was a Princess of Naples and Sicily and later Queen of Sardinia as wife of Charles Felix of Sardinia.

paragraphs: She was a daughter of King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies and his wife Maria Carolina of Austria, a daughter of Empress Maria Theresa of Austria. She was her mother's favourite child.

paragraphs: She was married on 6 April 1807 in Palermo with Prince Charles Felix of Savoy, who became King unexpectedly, when his two elder brothers abdicated, Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia in 1802 and Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia in 1821. Till her husband became king, she was styled as the "Duchess of Genevois".

paragraphs: The royal couple were interested in the arts and artists, and turned the Royal House in Agliè and the Villa Rufinella in Frascati into comfortable residences.

paragraphs: During her husband's reign, they resided at the Palazzo Chiablese, where her husband died in 1831.

paragraphs: In 1825, the Queen engaged the archaeologist Marquess Luigi Biondi (1776–1839), whose excavation work uncovered Tusculum. In 1839 and 1840, the architect and archaeologist Luigi Canina (1795–1856) was engaged by the royal family and excavated the Theatre area of Tusculum. The ancient works of art excavated were sent to the Duke of Savoy's Castle of Agliè in Piedmont.

paragraphs: Charles Felix died in 1831 after a reign of ten years. Maria Cristina lived the rest of her life in Turin, Naples, Agliè and Frascati, and died in Savona, Liguria. She was buried beside her husband in the Basilica of Superga, Great Mausoleum, Savoy Crypt, Turin, Piedmont, Italy. The couple had no children.


title: Court-martial

paragraphs: A court martial is a trial by military authorities. "Martial" is a word that is often used instead of military.

paragraphs: Martial law sometimes means, in time of emergency such as wartime, that civilians can be tried by court martial.


title: Plasmodiidae

paragraphs: The Plasmodiidae are a family of apicomplexan parasites, including the type genus "Plasmodium", which is responsible for malaria. This genus was created in 1903 by Mesnil.

paragraphs: They are one of the four families in the order Haemosporida.


title: Martha Wainwright

paragraphs: Martha Wainwright (born May 8, 1976) is a Canadian-American folk-rock singer. She is the daughter of singers Loudon Wainwright III and Kate McGarrigle. Her brother Rufus Wainwright is also a well known singer.


title: Philadelphia Quakers

paragraphs: The Philadelphia Quakers was a professional ice hockey team from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The Quakers played in the National Hockey League for only one season, the 1930-31 NHL season. The team started as the Pittsburgh Pirates when the Pirates moved to Philadelphia.


title: Protest song

paragraphs: A protest song is a song that is part of a movement to change society. Many protest songs have lyrics that directly call for change, while others use humor, irony, or the ballad form to make their point.

paragraphs: Protest songs can come from just about any type of music. In the 1960s in the United States, many folk musicians such as Phil Ochs, Joan Baez and Bob Dylan made protest songs. Some of these songs were against the United States fighting in the Vietnam War.


title: Love. Angel. Music. Baby.

paragraphs: Love. Angel. Music. Baby. is the debut studio album by American recording artist Gwen Stefani. Before releasing the album Stefani was the lead singer of a rock band called No Doubt, the album's music was different as it was mainly a mixture of pop, dance and R&B; music that No Doubt hadn't made.


title: Ben Bernanke

paragraphs: Ben Shalom Bernanke (born December 13, 1953) is an American economist of Jewish descent. He was the Chair of the Federal Reserve, the central bank of the United States.


title: Carrie Fisher

paragraphs: Carrie Frances Fisher (October 21, 1956 – December 27, 2016) was an American screenwriter, actress and writer. She acted in many movies. Fisher was best known for playing Princess Leia in the "Star Wars" movies. She was also known for her 1987 novel "Postcards from the Edge".

paragraphs: Fisher was born in Beverly Hills, California. She was the daughter of actress Debbie Reynolds and singer Eddie Fisher. Fisher had bipolar disorder. In 2008 her memoir "Wishful Drinking" was published.

paragraphs: Fisher died on December 27, 2016 at the Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center in Los Angeles, California from complications of cardiac arrest caused by sleep apnea along with other drug uses.at age 60. The next day, her mother died of a cerebral hemorrhage.


title: The Expendables 2

paragraphs: The Expendables 2 is an American action movie. It is the sequel to Sylvester Stallone's 2010 movie, "The Expendables". The movie was released in August 17th, 2012. It got many good reviews and did well at the box office. The movie earned $84.2 million in the United States and Canada and $285.7 million worldwide.

paragraphs: In March 2012, it was announced that "The Expendables 3" might start filming in late 2012, with Sylvester Stallone, Jason Statham, Jet Li and the rest of the cast returning for the third movie.

paragraphs: The Expendables 3, was scheduled to begin filming in August 2013. The film sees the return of several cast members and the addition of new ones including Wesley Snipes, Antonio Banderas, Harrison Ford, and Mel Gibson. The Expendables 3 was released theatrically in the United States on August 15th, 2014.


title: Sylvester Stallone filmography

paragraphs: This is a list of filmography of all of Sylvester ″Sly″ Stallone's most prominent onscreen acting action roles as well as directing, screenwriting, producing and voice acting roles. Also, included in this list are some of Stallone's special cameo appearances and exclusive extra.

paragraphs: American actor, filmmaker, singer, character actor, voice actor, director, movie producer, film producer, and screen writer, Sylvester Sly Stallone has appeared in over seventy-two films.


title: Pygmy hippopotamus

paragraphs: The pygmy hippopotamus ("Choeropsis liberiensis") is a large mammal native to the forests and swamps of West Africa. The specific name "liberiensis" means "of Liberia", as this is where most live. The pygmy hippo is reclusive and nocturnal. It is one of only two living species in the Hippopotamidae family, the other being its much larger cousin the common hippopotamus.

paragraphs: The pygmy hippopotamus has many terrestrial adaptations, but like its larger cousin, it is semi-aquatic. It relies on proximity to water to keep its skin moisturized and its body temperature cool. Behaviors such as mating and giving birth may occur in water or on land. The pygmy hippo is herbivorous, feeding on ferns, broad-leaved plants, grasses and fruits it finds in the forests.


title: Ski jumping

paragraphs: Ski jumping is, mostly, a winter sport performed on snow where skiers go down a take-off ramp, jump forward and land as far as possible down the hill below. Judges give points both for length of the jump and for the jump style. The skis used for ski jumping are wide and long (). Ski jumping is a part of the Winter Olympic Games.

paragraphs: True ski jumping originates in Norway in 1809 when a Norwegian lieutenant launched himself 9.5 metres in the air in front of his soldiers. The first widely known ski jumping competition was held in Oslo in 1879, with Olaf Haugann of Norway setting the first world record for the longest ski jump at 20 metres(meters)

paragraphs: Ski jump techniques are divided into four sections; 1) In-run, 2) Take-off (jump), 3) Flight and 4) Landing. In each part the athlete is required to pay attention to and practice a particular technique in order to maximize his or her length and style marks.


title: Ahura Mazda

paragraphs: Ahura Mazdā (also known as Ohrmazd, Ahuramazda, Hormazd, Aramazd and Azzandara) is the Avestan name for what Zoroastrians believe is the Supreme, the creator of all good and all good things including people.


title: Angra Mainyu

paragraphs: Zoroastrians believe that Ahura Mazda, the creator of all supreme beings, is opposed by Angra Mainyu or the destructive spirit, the creator of all evil things.


title: Limousine

paragraphs: Limousines are luxury cars. They are longer than regular cars. The front and rear wheels are far apart. A limousine may have security features such as bulletproof glass.


title: KT Tunstall

paragraphs: Katherine Victoria "Katie" Tunstall, also known as KT Tunstall (born 23 June 1975), is a Scottish singer and songwriter. She was born in St Andrews, Fife. Her father is Irish; her mother is half-Chinese, half-Scottish. She was adopted when she was 18 days old. She has had many hit songs, including, "Black Horse and the Cherry Tree"'.


title: Self-synchronizing code

paragraphs: In telecommunications, a self-synchronizing code, or comma-free code, is a line code that can be easily synchronized. Such line codes have the property that the code which is made of a part of the code word, or two overlapping code words is not a valid code. An example, take the code words "11" and "00", and the code "11 00 00 11 00". The spaces have been added to show the different words, and are not really in the code. Let's now assume that four letters (two code words) are read. The code "1000" is not a valid code, because "10" is not one of the two code words defined. Similarly, "0001". Even though "00" is a valid word, "01" is not. The only valid way to read two valid words from the example given is by starting at the very beginning, or just after one of the spaces, which have been inserted for clarity only.


title: Call of Duty: Black Ops

paragraphs: Call of Duty: Black Ops is a first-person shooter video game made by Treyarch. It is published by Activison. It is available for Xbox 360, Windows , PS3, Wii and most recently, Xbox One.

paragraphs: Within 24 hours of the game going on sale, It sold more than 7 million copies, 5.6 million in the U.S. and 1.4 million in the U.K., breaking the record which was set by its predecessor by 2.5 million copies. The game's setting is in the Cold War. In Cuba, the game has been condemned from release because it features a special forces member trying and failing to kill a young Fidel Castro, killing instead a body-double. The game was also supposed to be banned in Germany because of graphic violence.

paragraphs: There are three modes of play. These are "campaign", "multiplayer" and "zombies".


title: Pitfall!

paragraphs: Pitfall! is a 1982 platforming video game made by Activision for Atari 2600, Atari 5200, Atari 8-bit, ColecoVision, Commodore 64, Intellivision and the Sega SG-1000. The game was a best seller for the Atari 2600, with over 4 million copies sold.

paragraphs: In this game, the player has to move a character who is known as Harry through a maze-like jungle where he has to attempt to recover 32 treasures in a 20-minute time period. The player has to avoid many hazards including pits, quicksand, rolling logs, fire, rattlesnakes, scorpions, and crocodiles.


title: Alexei Zhamnov

paragraphs: Alexei Yuryevich Zhamnov (born October 1, 1970 in Moscow, URS) is a Russian retired professional ice hockey centre. He is currently the head coach for the KHL's Vityaz Chekhov. Zhamnov played a combined 14 seasons in the NHL with four teams, 4 while part of the Winnipeg Jets, 8 while part of the Chicago Blackhawks, 1 while part of the Philadelphia Flyers and 1 while part of the Boston Bruins.

paragraphs: Zhamnov was also the captain of the Chicago Blackhawks from 2002-2004.


title: Jenny McCarthy

paragraphs: Jennifer Ann McCarthy, known as Jenny McCarthy, is an American model, actress, writer and activist. She was born on November 1, 1972 in Evergreen Park, Illinois. She was raised in West Elsdon, Chicago.

paragraphs: She started her career as a Playboy model in 1993. She later became an actress, comedian, author and autism activist. In 2013 McCarthy hosted a show called "The Jenny McCarthy Show" for one season.

paragraphs: McCarthy has made controversial but unproven claims that vaccines lead to autism. She said that chelation therapy helped cure her son of autism.

paragraphs: McCarthy married John Mallory Asher in 1999. The couple's son, Evan Joseph was born in 2002. In 2005, Evan was diagnosed with autism. the couple divorced in 2005. She lived with Jim Carrey; the couple split in 2010. She married Donnie Wahlberg in 2014.


title: Nellee Hooper

paragraphs: Nellee Hooper (born 1963, Bristol, England) is a British producer/remixer/composer best known for his work with Björk, No Doubt/Gwen Stefani, Madonna, Garbage, Andrea Corr, U2, Sneaker Pimps, Soul II Soul and Massive Attack. He also started being a motion picture music composer with famed Scottish composer Craig Armstrong and Marius De Vries for the soundtrack for Baz Luhrmann's Romeo + Juliet in 1996.

paragraphs: Hooper began his career as a DJ and as a member of the Wild Bunch, the Bristol-based group that would turn into Massive Attack.

paragraphs: Between 1989 and 1992 he produced the first albums for Soul II Soul ("Club Classics Vol. I"), Massive Attack ("Blue Lines") and Björk ("Debut"), which in 1995 Mixmag magazine ranked the 31st, 1st and 3rd best dance albums of all time.

paragraphs: The 1995 BRIT Awards honored Hooper as Best Producer for his work on Massive Attack's "Protection", Björk's "Post" and Madonna's "Bedtime Stories" albums.

paragraphs: In 1998 he won a BAFTA Award (Anthony Asquith Award for Film Music) for his work arranging the score and soundtrack for Baz Luhrmann's Romeo + Juliet.

paragraphs: In the late 1990s Hooper set up the Meanwhile imprint, which is a company part of Virgin Records.

paragraphs: Hooper continued to work slowly into the 2000s. He received a Grammy nomination in 2003 for his work on No Doubt's "Rock Steady" and Lamya's "Learning From Falling" albums. His other work has included producing the singles "GoldenEye" (1995) for Tina Turner, "Under the Bridge" (1998) for All Saints and "Down Boy" (2002) for Holly Valance, as well as providing remixes for artists like Janet Jackson and Sade.

paragraphs: Most recently he has worked with Gwen Stefani on her solo albums and on U2's 2004 release "How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb", for which he won a Grammy Award. He also produced the first solo album of Andrea Corr of The Corrs, entitled "Ten Feet High" which was released on June 25, 2007.


title: Emma Roberts

paragraphs: Emma Rose Roberts (born February 10, 1991) is an American actress, model and singer. She acted in many movies during the 2000s. She is the daughter of actor Eric Roberts and the niece of actresses Lisa Roberts Gillan and Julia Roberts. Currently she is the lead role in the FOX's horror comedy "Scream Queens" as Chanel Oberlin.

paragraphs: Roberts was born in Rhinebeck, Dutchess County, New York. She is the daughter of actor Eric Roberts and Kelly Cunningham. She is the stepdaughter of Eliza Roberts and Kelly Nickels, and the niece of actresses Julia Roberts and Lisa Roberts Gillan. She has a half sister, Grace Nickels.


title: The Terror Wheel

paragraphs: The Terror Wheel is the second EP by the American Horrorcore band, Insane Clown Posse. It was released on August 5, 1994. The producer of the EP was Mike E. Clark. If you called the number featured in the song "Amy's in the Attic" at 6:06 into the song, it would tell you the name of the next Joker's Card, Riddle Box.


title: Keri Hilson

paragraphs: Keri Lynn Hilson (born December 5, 1982) is an American singer, songwriter, and actress. She has had many hit singles. Hilson's debut album was released in 2009. Her second studio album was released in 2010. Hilson acted for the first time in the 2012 romantic comedy movie "Think Like a Man".


title: A Carnival Christmas

paragraphs: A Carnival Christmas is the third EP by the American Horrorcore band, Insane Clown Posse. It was released on December 6, 1994. The producer of the EP was Mike E. Clark. The EP was a Christmas EP.


title: Tunnel of Love (EP)

paragraphs: Tunnel of Love is the fourth EP by the American Horrorcore band, Insane Clown Posse. It was released on June 11, 1996. The producer of the EP was Mike E. Clark. A XXX Version which contained different cover art and a bonus track was also released at the same time.


title: The Calm

paragraphs: The Calm is the fifth EP by the American Horrorcore band, Insane Clown Posse. It was released on May 17, 2005. The producer of the EP was Mike E. Clark. The EP peaked at number 32 on the Billboard 200, number 1 on the Top Independent Albums and number 32 on the Top Internet Albums.


title: Freestyle skiing

paragraphs: Freestyle skiing is an acrobatic form of skiing which is divided into a number of different disciplines. Freestyle skiing first began to be taken seriously in the 1960s and early 1970s. However, some people thought that this style of skiing was too dangerous and did not want it to be an Olympic sport. The free-form sport had few rules and was not without danger; knee injuries became a common case for professional freestylers.

paragraphs: The International Ski Federation (FIS) recognized freestyle as a sport in 1979 and brought in new regulations regarding certification of athletes and jump techniques in an effort to curb the dangerous elements of the competitions. The first World Cup series was staged in 1980 and the first FIS Freestyle World Ski Championship took place in 1986 in Tignes, France.


title: London Livery Company

paragraphs: The City of London Livery Companies began as trade associations or trade guilds, which controlled who could carry out certain jobs in the City of London.

paragraphs: Today the companies act mainly as social and charitable groups, because over the centuries the livery companies have lost most rights to control trade, often as statute law applied the same standards across the whole country. Some support schools which were set up in the 1500s. Others sponsor apprentices in colleges and unversities. Some still have a statutory role. For example the Goldsmiths' Company continue to run the London Assay Office where several million articles of gold, silver and platinum are hallmarked each year.

paragraphs: The order of precedence was first set down in 1515 by the Aldermen of the City of London. Forty-eight livery companies then existed. The list was based on the companies' economic or political power.

paragraphs: The first twelve livery companies are known as the "Great Twelve City Livery Companies". There are now 108 livery companies, some very new, so the Order of Precedence is sometimes reviewed.

paragraphs: The Merchant Taylors and the Skinners have always disputed their precedence, so once a year (at Easter) they exchange sixth and seventh place. This is one of the theories for the origin of the phrase "at sixes and sevens", as the master of the Merchant Taylors has said a number of times, although the first use of the phrase may have been before the Taylors and the Skinners decided to alternate their position. Both companies had been founded before the birth of Chaucer, who was one of the first people to use the phrase, so it may have dated from before him.

paragraphs: Two old companies do not intend applying for a grant of the right to wear the special costume or uniform known as a livery.

paragraphs: Three groups intend applying for livery. One has already been recognised as a "Company without Livery" the other two have not yet existed long enough or become well enough known.


title: Farrier

paragraphs: A farrier is a person who works with iron, or other materials, to make horseshoes and take care of horse's hooves. They check for signs of disease and make sure the feet are well cared for.

paragraphs: At one time, a farrier and blacksmith had almost the same job, which can be seen by the etymology of the word: farrier comes from Middle French: "ferrier" ("blacksmith"), from the Latin word "ferrum" ("iron"). Today, farriers usually specialize in horseshoeing, and on the care of the horse's hoof. For this reason farriers and blacksmiths are now known to be different jobs.

paragraphs: By law, in Great Britain, it is illegal for anyone except a registered farrier to call themselves a farrier or to carry out any farriery work under the Farriers (Registration) Act 1975. The main aim of this act is to "prevent and avoid suffering by and cruelty to horses arising from the shoeing of horses by unskilled persons".

paragraphs: The Worshipful Company of Farriers a London Livery Company, was set up in 1356. It still offers diplomas which are recognised qualifications to be a modern farrier.


title: My Sister's Keeper

paragraphs: My Sister's Keeper is a 2004 novel written by Jodi Picoult. Set in Rhode Island, it tells the story of a 13-year-old girl named Anna Fitzgerald, a "savior sibling", who sues her parents so that they can no longer legally control her medical decisions once she learns she is expected to donate a kidney to her older sister Kate, who is dying from leukemia, cancer of the blood and bone marrow. It is written in first person, from the perspectives of several main characters. In 2008, the book was adapted into a movie.

paragraphs: Anna Fitzgerald's older sister, Kate, suffers from acute promyelocytic leukemia, a cancer of the blood and bone marrow. When Anna's parents learn about Kate's diagnosis, they decide to conceive Anna through artificial selection and in vitro fertilization because nobody in the family is a genetic match to donate organs to Kate. Once Anna is born, her umbilical chord blood was used in treatments for Kate to save her life. Although the treatment was initially successful, Kate relapsed (became sick again). Since then, Anna had been used as a donor for any other bodily substance needed to treat Kate, who continues to swing between remission and relapse as she grows up.


title: Oracle

paragraphs: An oracle (in ancient Greek times) was a person who was seen as a messenger for the gods. The Oracle of Delphi was the most famous. Oracles would answer questions about the future, and would often speak in riddles. In Ancient Greece oracles lived in temples and people travelled many miles to visit them and seek their advice. The oracles were a part of Greek religion.


title: Ichthyornis

paragraphs: Ichthyornis (meaning "fish bird") was a tern-like bird which lived 93-83.5 million years ago in the Upper Cretaceous. It lived in flocks, nested on shorelines, and hunted for fish in the Western Interior Seaway, a huge inland sea in what is now North America.

paragraphs: "Ichthyornis" was about 8 inches (20 cm) long. It had a large head, toothed jaws, and a long beak. This powerful flyer is the oldest-known bird that had a keeled breastbone (sternum) similar to that of modern birds.

paragraphs: "Ichthyornis" was originally found in 1872 in Kansas by Benjamin Franklin Mudge, a professor from Kansas State Agricultural College. Othniel C. Marsh of Yale University described and named the first fossils. Fossils of the bird have been found in Kansas, Texas and Alberta.


title: Designer baby

paragraphs: The term designer baby is used sometimes, but its meaning is not clear or simple. It means something like "influencing the quality of a child which is not yet born". By this is meant not just health care. The idea is to change the nature, usually the genetics, of the child for the better. There are many technical, social, moral and legal issues connected to this idea. Society has scarcely begun to think about these issues. However, it is now certain that some of these ideas can, in principle, be done.

paragraphs: The following is a brief survey of what might be done. It is not a list of what should or will be done. Some elements are already happening in some parts of the world.

paragraphs: In some parts of the world there is a strong preference for male children. If that were widely gratified, it would probably have considerable unplanned effects on those societies. However, technically, it is simple to arrange so long as a good local health service is present.

paragraphs: The technique is as follows. A sample of the father's sperm is spun in a centrifuge. Sperms carrying an X-chromosome are heavier than sperm carrying a Y-chromosome. The male-causing sperm end up at the top of the plug of sperm in the test-tube. Sperm from the top of the tube are inserted into the mother. This greatly increases the chance of the mother conceiving a male child.

paragraphs: Another method is to conceive normally, but abort any foetus which is female. The sex of a baby is discovered by recovering cells from the sac covering the foetus. This procedure is standard, and is called amniocentesis.

paragraphs: Recent studies have discovered that amniotic fluid is a rich source of stem cells.

paragraphs: A benefit of getting amniotic stem cells is that risk to the foetus is low. These stem cells would also, if used to treat the same individual they came from, sidestep the donor/recipient issue which has so far stymied all attempts to use donor-derived stem cells in therapies.

paragraphs: Artificial heart valves, working tracheas, as well as muscle, fat, bone, heart, neural and liver cells have all been engineered through use of amniotic stem cells. Tissues got from amniotic cell lines show promise for patients suffering from congenital diseases/malformations of the heart, liver, lungs, kidneys, and cerebral tissue.

paragraphs: The first amniotic stem cells bank in the US is active in Boston, Massachusetts. The relevance of this is that a stock of stem cells creates the possibility of surgical corrections or replacements during the life of the individual.

paragraphs: The one area where there is, on balance, a consensus is the need to identify serious defects in a foetus before birth. This is now routine in many countries. The definition of "serious" would certainly include defects which make life of the foetus (if born) so defective that its life would be troubled and short. Some conditions, like triple-21 Down's syndrome, are often not that serious. In many cases, the parents' wishes decide whether or not an abortion will be carried out.

paragraphs: A complete sequence analysis of an individual's DNA is possible, and costs about $5,000 US dollars. It is not yet done routinely, but it is going to become widespread. If the genetics of both parents is well understood, the possibilities for the foetus are well defined. Already, counselling is given to parents who have already had a defective baby. DNA analysis would allow problems to be spotted in advance.

paragraphs: Already, from the cells recovered by amniotic centesis, chromosome defects like triple-21 can be seen under the microscope. DNA analysis takes this a step further. The only limitation to the analysis is our ability to understand the function of the various genes. Our understanding is limited at present, but we do understand in great detail the causes of "some" important genetic defects.

paragraphs: Until recently, the only practical action was to offer abortion to the mother. This is a legal alternative in some countries. However, the coming of genetic engineering offers the potential for actually fixing the defects in the genes of a foetus.

paragraphs: Ways are being developed to change the genetic make-up of a living being. Several Nobel prizes have been awarded in the last ten or so years research related to this idea. Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for:


title: Heron

paragraphs: Herons are wading birds in the "Ardeidae" family. There are 64 recognised species in this family. Some are called egrets or bitterns instead of herons.

paragraphs: In the family, all members of the genera "Botaurus" and "Ixobrychus" are called bitterns: they are a monophyletic group within the Ardeidae.

paragraphs: On the other hand, egrets are not a biologically distinct group. They are called egrets because they are mainly white and/or have decorative plumes. Although egrets have the same build as the larger herons, they tend to be smaller.

paragraphs: The classification of the individual heron/egret species is difficult, and there is no clear consensus about the placement of many species into either of the two major genera, "Ardea" and "Egretta".

paragraphs: Although herons look like birds in some other families, such as the storks, ibises and spoonbills, they differ from these in flying with their necks retracted, not outstretched. They are also one of the bird groups that have 'powder down'.

paragraphs: Some members of this group nest colonially in trees; others, notably the bitterns, use reedbeds.


title: Debbie Gibson

paragraphs: Deborah Ann Gibson (born August 31, 1970 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American singer-songwriter and actress. She was very popular in the late 1980s and early 1990s and had many hit songs. In 1988 she became the youngest artist to write, produce, and perform a #1 single on the Billboard Hot 100, with her song "Foolish Beat". She remains the youngest female to write, record, and perform a #1 single.

paragraphs: Although never married, Gibson was once engaged to Jonathan Kanterman.

paragraphs: On January 6, 2008 Gibson was on "Deal or No Deal" along with Corey Feldman as part of an 1980s special.

paragraphs: Gibson co-starred with actor Lorenzo Lamas in the low-budget movie "Mega Shark Versus Giant Octopus". It was released on May 19, 2009. This movie had 2 million viewers on Syfy in 2009. The movie premiered at the 2009 Cannes Film Festival. Gibson's former music rival Tiffany had her movie "Necrosis" (a.k.a. "Blood Snow") premiere at the Cannes as well.

paragraphs: Tiffany and Debbie Gibson starred in a Syfy original movie called "Mega Python vs. Gatoroid". It aired on January 29, 2011. The pairing was at the suggestion of Tiffany, who wanted to play off their supposed rivalry.

paragraphs: Gibson made a cameo appearance in the 2012 movie "Rock of Ages" in the ("We're Not Gonna Take It"/"We Built This City") face-off.


title: Serotonin

paragraphs: Serotonin is a neurotransmitter. Its chemical name is 5-Hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT. It is derived from tryptophan. Serotonin is found in all vertebrates, mainly in the gastrointestinal tract, blood platelets and central nervous system. Its name is derived from its effect on blood pressure: serotonin is a part of the "serum" which regulates the "tonus" of blood vessels.

paragraphs: Serotonin does several jobs within the human body. It is believed to regulate mood, intestinal activity and appetite, memory, and sleep. Many antidepressant medications are thought to work by increasing the levels of serotonin in the body. Some non-medical treatments for depression have also been shown to raise serotonin levels.

paragraphs: Serotonin is also found in insect venom, fungi and plants. Its presence in the seeds of many fruits helps speed those seeds through the digestive tract of animals that consume them. In insect venom, it causes pain, and sometimes death, through its effect on smooth muscle contraction.

paragraphs: Serotonin is involved in social rank. A lobster injected with serotonin behaves like an alpha.


title: Ibis

paragraphs: The ibises (collective plural ibis; classical plurals ibides and ibes) are a group of long-legged wading birds in the family Threskiornithidae.

paragraphs: They all have long down curved bills, and usually feed as a group, probing mud for food items, usually crustaceans. Most species nest in trees, often with spoonbills or herons.

paragraphs: The word ibis comes from Greek and Latin, and probably from the Ancient Egyptian. According to Josephus, Moses employed ibes against serpents during a desert campaign into Ethiopia in his early life. Pliny the Elder also recounted, "The Egyptians invoked ibes against the serpents."

paragraphs: Ancient Egyptians would make ibises into mummies and offer them to the god Thoth, whom they drew and carved with the head of an ibis. Egyptologists have found many thousands of ibis mummies in tombs. In 2019, scientists looked at the DNA from the ibis mummies and from living ibises around Africa and came to believe that the ibises that were made into mummies were not caught in the wild. Instead, ancient Egyptians fed the ibises in large lakes near their temples and caught them when they wanted them.


title: Molineux Stadium

paragraphs: Molineux Stadium is a football stadium in Wolverhampton, England. It is the current home stadium of the Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.. The stadium was built in 1889 and was opened that same year. The total number of people that can be seated is about 31,700, although the view from some seats in the Stan Cullis stand are restricted by the Steve Bull stand roof until it is redeveloped, due to this they are never sold. The stadium has also hosted the England internationals and, more recently, the England under-21 internationals, and the UEFA Cup Final in 1972.


title: Spoonbill

paragraphs: Spoonbills are a group of large, long-legged wading birds in the family Threskiornithidae, which also includes the Ibises.

paragraphs: All have large, flat, spatulate bills and feed by wading through shallow water, sweeping the partly-opened bill from side to side. The moment any small aquatic creature touches the inside of the bill—an insect, crustacean, or tiny fish—it is snapped shut. Spoonbills generally prefer fresh water to salt but are found in both environments. They need to feed many hours each day.

paragraphs: Spoonbills are monogamous, but, so far as is known, only for one season at a time. Most species nest in trees or reed-beds, often with ibises or herons.


title: The Hawthorns

paragraphs: The Hawthorns is a football stadium in West Bromwich, Sandwell, England. It is the current home stadium of the West Bromwich Albion F.C.. The stadium was built in 1900 and opened in that same year. The total number of people who can seat in the stadium is about 26,500. The stadium is also near The Hawthorns station which provides transportation to the stadium. It is the highest ground above sea level in England. The four stands at the ground are called the East Stand, the Birmingham Road, the West Stand (formerly Halfords Lane) and the Smethwick End.


title: TrES-4b

paragraphs: TrES-4 is an exoplanet. It orbits around the star GSC 02620-00648. The planet is 4.5 million miles from its sun. Being this close to its sun, the year on TrES-4 about three days long. This makes the temperature on the planet very hot. In fact, the temperature on TrES-4 is about 2,300 degrees Fahrenheit (1,260 degrees Celsius).

paragraphs: TrES-4 is a gas giant that is 70 percent bigger than Jupiter. However, the planet is only as dense as cork. At the time of its discovery, TrES-4b was the largest known planet in the universe.

paragraphs: The planet was found by Georgi Mandushev at the Lowell Observatory in Arizona. Mandushev discovered the planet as a part of the Trans-Atlantic Exoplanet Survey project.

paragraphs: TrES-4 was discovered using the transit method. When an exoplanet passes between its sun and the Earth, astronomers can see a change in light from the star.


title: Oxpecker

paragraphs: The oxpeckers are the two species of bird which make up the family Buphagidae.

paragraphs: Oxpeckers are endemic to the savanna of Sub-Saharan Africa. Their names come from their habit of perching on large mammals (both wild and domesticated) such as cattle or rhinoceroses, and eating ticks, botfly larvae, and other parasites.

paragraphs: According to the more recent studies of phylogeny, the oxpeckers are an ancient line related to the Mimidae (mockingbirds, thrashers &c.) and starlings, but not particularly close to either.

paragraphs: Considering the known biogeography (distribution) of these groups, the most plausible explanation seems that the oxpecker lineage originated in Eastern or Southeastern Asia like the other two. This would make the two species of "Buphagus" something like living fossils.

paragraphs: Oxpeckers feed exclusively on the backs of large mammals. Certain species seem preferred, whereas others, like the Lichtenstein's hartebeest or topi are generally avoided. The smallest regularly used species is the impala, probably because of the heavy tick load and social nature of that species. In many parts of their range they now feed on cattle, but avoid camels. They feed on ectoparasites, particularly ticks, as well as insects infecting wounds and the flesh and blood of some wounds as well.

paragraphs: Oxpecker/mammal interactions are the subject of some debate and ongoing research. They were originally thought to be an example of mutualism, but recent evidence suggests that oxpeckers may be parasites instead. Oxpeckers do eat ticks, but often the ticks that have already fed on the ungulate host and there has been no proven statistically significant link between oxpecker presence and reduced ectoparasite load . However one study of impalas found that impalas which were used by oxpeckers spent less time grooming themselves suggesting they had fewer parasites. Oxpeckers have been seen opening new wounds and worsening existing ones in order to drink the blood of their perches . Oxpeckers also feed on the earwax and dandruffs of mammals, although less is known about the benefits of this to the mammal, it is suspected that this is also a parasitic behaviour. Some oxpecker hosts are intolerant of their presence. Elephants and some antelope will actively dislodge the oxpeckers when they land. Other species tolerate oxpeckers while they search for ticks on the face, what one author described as "appear[ing] ... to be an uncomfortable and invasive process."

paragraphs: The Swahili language word for oxpecker is "Askari wa kifaru," which means "the rhino's guard" in English. A team of scientists from California State University and Victoria University in Australia wondered if oxpeckers really did help guard the rhinos. They found that the black rhinoceros listens for the noises the oxpecker makes. Rhinoceros cannot see well but oxpeckers can. When an oxpeckers sees a human, it makes a noise. It does not make this noise at any other time. The rhinos hear this noise and then either look for the human or run away. The scientists performed an experiment: A human would slowly walk toward a rhino. Rhinos without oxpeckers on their backs only noticed the human one out of five times, but rhinos with oxpeckers noticed the human every time and from much further away. The scientists wondered if bringing flocks of oxpeckers to groups of rhinoceros without them would help the rhinos avoid human hunters.


title: Elimination Chamber (2011)

paragraphs: Elimination Chamber (2011) (also known as No Way Out (2011) in Germany) was the second annual Elimination Chamber professional wrestling pay-per-view event made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It took place on February 20, 2011 at the Oracle Arena in Oakland, California. John Cena, who was the winner of the Raw Elimination Chamber match received a WWE Championship match at WrestleMania XXVII against The Miz. Edge, who was the winner of the SmackDown Elimination Chamber match won the World Heavyweight Champion.


title: Dnipro

paragraphs: Dnipro (, , Dnepr), called Dnipropetrovsk until May 2016 ( ; Dnepropetrovsk) is a city in Ukraine and is the third largest city in Ukraine. About 1 million people live there. It lies southeast of Ukraine's capital city, Kiev. It was founded in 1776. Dnipro enjoys a borderline semi-arid/Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification "BSh/Csa"), with relativity mild temperatures and plentiful sunshine year-round.

paragraphs: Dnipro is one of the key places for the nuclear, arms and space industries of the former Soviet Union.


title: Suez

paragraphs: Suez (, Egyptian pronunciation "Es Suwais") is a town in Northern Egypt, on the coast of the Gulf of Suez. Almost 750.000 people live in the city. The city is the southern terminus of the Suez Canal. It has two harbours, and a large seaport. An oil refinery is in Suez. Highways and railroad tracks connect Suez to the cities of Cairo, Port Said and Ismailia.


title: Mae Young

paragraphs: Johnnie Mae Young (March 12, 1923 – January 14, 2014) is an American female professional wrestler and is also a WWE Ambassador. She is probably best known for wrestling for the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) and World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment (WWF/E). She helped increase the popularity of women wrestling during World War II and has trained many wrestlers.

paragraphs: She is the only professional wrestler to compete in documented matches in nine different decades, having her first match in 1939 and her last match in 2010.

paragraphs: She was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame in 2008. She was best friends with fellow wrestler The Fabulous Moolah whom she appeared with on WWF/E television with as a comedic duo.

paragraphs: On December 30th, 2013, she was hospitalized with an undisclosed illness and was placed on life support. On January 9th, 2014, she was taken off life support and was placed under hospice care at home.


title: Ismaïlia

paragraphs: Ismailia () is a city in Egypt, on the Suez Canal. Ismailia is the capital of the Governorate with the same name. The city has a population of approximately 750,000. It is approximately halfway between Port Said to the north and Suez to the south. The Canal widens at this point to include Lake Timsah, one of the Bitter Lakes.

paragraphs: Khedive Ismail the Magnificent founded the city in 1863, when the Canal was constructed. The city is named after him. The head office of the Suez Canal Authority is in Ismaïlia at the shore of Lake Timsah. Many of the buildings that were built when the British and French were involved in running the canal are still standing. Some of them are still being used by Canal employees and officials.


title: Sela Ward

paragraphs: Sela Ann Ward (b. July 11, 1956) is an American Emmy and Golden Globe Award winning movie and television actress. She was in the NBC television series "Sisters". She acted in the CBS television series "".


title: Eye of the Storm (EP)

paragraphs: Eye of the Storm is the sixth EP by the American Horrorcore band, Insane Clown Posse. It was released on August 20, 2007.


title: Cattle egret

paragraphs: The cattle egret ("Bubulcus ibis") is a cosmopolitan species of heron (family Ardeidae) found in the tropics, subtropics and warm temperate zones.

paragraphs: It is the only member of the genus Bubulcus, with two subspecies, the western cattle egret and the eastern cattle egret. It is a stocky white bird adorned with buff plumes in the breeding season. It nests in colonies, usually near bodies of water and often with other wading birds.

paragraphs: Unlike most other herons, it feeds in relatively dry grassy habitats, often with cattle or other large mammals. It catches insect and small vertebrate prey disturbed by these animals. It also captures ticks and flies from cattle.

paragraphs: Originally native to parts of Asia, Africa and Europe, it has undergone a rapid expansion in its distribution and successfully colonised much of the rest of the world. This is because humans now raise domesticated cattle throughout most of the world. Some populations of the Cattle Egret are migratory and others disperse after breeding.

paragraphs: It can be a safety hazard at airfields, and has been implicated in the spread of tick-borne animal diseases.

paragraphs: The cattle egret has undergone one of the most rapid and wide reaching natural expansions of any bird species.

paragraphs: It was originally native to parts of Southern Spain and Portugal, tropical and subtropical Africa and humid tropical and subtropical Asia. In the end of the 19th century it began expanding its range into southern Africa, first breeding in the Cape Province in 1908.

paragraphs: Cattle egrets were first sighted in the Americas on the boundary of Guiana and Suriname in 1877, having apparently flown across the Atlantic Ocean. It was not until the 1930s that the species is thought to have become established in that area.

paragraphs: The species first arrived in North America in 1941 (these early sightings were originally dismissed as escapees), bred in Florida in 1953, and spread rapidly, breeding for the first time in Canada in 1962. It is now commonly seen as far west as California. It was first recorded breeding in Cuba in 1957, in Costa Rica in 1958, and in Mexico in 1963, although it was probably established before that.

paragraphs: In Europe the species had historically declined in Spain and Portugal, but in the latter part of the 20th century it expanded back through the Iberian Peninsula, and then began to colonise other parts of Europe; southern France in 1958, northern France in 1981 and Italy in 1985. Breeding in the United Kingdom was recorded for the first time in 2008 only a year after an influx seen in the previous year. In 2008 cattle egrets were also reported as having moved into Ireland for the first time.

paragraphs: In Australia the colonisation began in the 1940s, with the species establishing itself in the north and East of the continent. It began to regularly visit New Zealand in the 1960s.

paragraphs: Since 1948 the cattle egret has been permanently resident in Israel. Prior to 1948 it was only a winter visitor.

paragraphs: The massive and rapid expansion of the cattle egret's range is due to its relationship with humans and their domesticated animals. Originally adapted to a commensal relationship with large browsing animals, it was easily able to switch to domesticated cattle and horses. As livestock keeping spread throughout the world it was able to occupy otherwise empty niches.

paragraphs: The bird feeds on a wide range of prey, particularly insects, especially grasshoppers, crickets, flies (adults and maggots), and moths, as well as spiders, frogs, and earthworms.

paragraphs: The species is usually found with cattle and other large grazing and browsing animals, and catches small creatures disturbed by the mammals. Studies have shown that Cattle Egret foraging success is much higher when foraging near a large animal than when feeding singly. When foraging with cattle, it has been shown to be 3.6 times more successful in capturing prey than when foraging alone. Its performance is similar when it follows farm machinery, but it is forced to move more.


title: Merginae

paragraphs: The Merginae or sea ducks are a subfamily of the Anatidae, the duck, goose and swan family of birds.

paragraphs: As the name suggests, most are marine outside the breeding season. Many species have specialized salt glands to allow them to tolerate salt water, but these have not yet developed in young birds. Some species prefer riverine habitats.


title: Boundary Park

paragraphs: Boundary Park is a football stadium in Oldham, England. It is the current home stadium of the Oldham Athletic A.F.C. and the Oldham Roughyeds. The stadium was built in 1904. It opened August 1, 1904. The total seating capacity of the stadium is about 10,638.


title: Immigration to Canada

paragraphs: Immigration to Canada is a way that people from other countries can move to Canada. Some laws about this include the Immigration Act 1976, and the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act 2002.

paragraphs: Canada lets many people move to Canada. Because of this, there are some high percentages of non-Canadians in ethnicity results.

paragraphs: Even after Canadian colonization by the United Kingdom and France, there have been many other people coming to Canada in large groups.

paragraphs: In the 1700s, the French were settling in Quebec and Acadia, followed by some American and European movement.

paragraphs: After the American Revolution ended many Americans loyal to Britain went to Canada as it was the last main territory in North America still loyal to the Crown.

paragraphs: The War of 1812 promoted British and Irish immigration to Canada. Some British officers went to Canada, fearing that the Americans would invade Canada. While Irish immigration was still high, eventually some went to the United States.

paragraphs: Others went to Canada from America, especially during the Klondike Gold Rush.

paragraphs: This time, many people went to Canada from Europe. A large spike in the third group was pre-World War I.

paragraphs: This group saw an increase in Asian immigrants.


title: Glans

paragraphs: The glans (Latin for "acorn") is a vascular structure on the tip of the penis in men or a homologous genital structure of the clitoris in women.


title: Lessepsian migration

paragraphs: Lessepsian migration is the name given for the migration of marine species through the Suez Canal, between the Red Sea and the Mediterranean.

paragraphs: It is named after Ferdinand de Lesseps, who built the Suez Canal. The Suez Canal joined two biospheres that were separate before. Many species migrated from the Red Sea to the Eastern Mediterranean. Only a few species migrated in the other direction, from the Mediterranean to the Red Sea. The migration can be seen most clearly when looking at fish species, even though other animals also migrated.

paragraphs: When the Suez Canal was opened in 1869, it created the first salt-water passage between the Red Sea and the Mediterranean. The Bitter Lakes are two very salty (hypersaline) lakes about mid-way in the canal. At first, this blocked the migration of species from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean. Over the last decades, the salinity of the lakes changed, which made it easier for species to migrate.

paragraphs: The Red Sea is higher than the Mediterranean, at high tide, water flows from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean. The Red Sea is also poor in nutrients, so species who migrate will find more nutrients. The waters of the Red Sea are saltier than that of the Mediterranean. For these reasons, most species migrate from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean, and only very few migrate in the other direction.

paragraphs: When the Aswan High Dam was built in the 1960s, this blocked the flow of freshwater from the Nile into the Mediterranean. As a result, the salinity levels in the Eastern Mediterranean increase, and make it much more like the Red Sea – this means that migration will become even easier, as conditions are very similar.

paragraphs: Invasive species coming from the Red Sea and introduced into the Mediterranean by the construction of the canal have become a major component of the Mediterranean ecosystem. They have serious impacts on the Mediterranean ecology, endangering many local and endemic Mediterranean species. To this day, about 300 species native to the Red Sea have been identified in the Mediterranean Sea, and there are probably others still unidentified.

paragraphs: The Egyptian government announced it plans to deepen and widen the canal. This announcement has raised concerns from marine biologists, who fear that this will worsen the invasion of Red Sea species into the Mediterranean, and make the crossing of the canal easier for additional species.

paragraphs: Today, the term "Lessepsian migration" is used more broadly for any migration of animals over man-made structures.


title: Stuyvesant Town–Peter Cooper Village

paragraphs: Stuyvesant Town–Peter Cooper Village is a large, private community where people live. It is on the east side of Manhattan, a borough in New York City. It is one of the most and successful post-World War II private housing communities. Stuyvesant Town is known to its residents as "Stuy Town". It was named after Peter Stuyvesant, the last Director-General of the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam, whose farm occupied the site in the seventeenth century. Peter Cooper Village is named after Peter Cooper, a 19th-century industrialist, inventor and philanthropist. Cooper also founded Cooper Union.

paragraphs: The complex was planned beginning in 1942. It opened its first building in 1947. It replaced several very big gas storage tanks.

paragraphs: The complex has many red brick apartment buildings. They stretch from First Avenue to Avenue C between 14th and 23rd Streets. It covers about of land. Some of this land is also playground land or parkland. Between 14th and 20th Street is Stuyvesant Town. It has 8,757 apartments in 89 residential buildings. Peter Cooper Village is between 20th and 23rd Streets. The complex has a total of 110 residential buildings, 11,250 apartments, and over 25,000 people living in it.

paragraphs: The East River and Avenue C is on the east, the Gramercy Park neighborhood on the west, the East Village and Alphabet City to the south, and Kips Bay to the north. To the west is a historic two-block park. Around the park is Stuyvesant Square, Saint George's Church, and the Beth Israel Medical Center.


title: Keri Russell

paragraphs: Keri Lynn Russell (born March 23, 1976 in Fountain Valley, California) is an American actress. She has starred in many movies for both the cinema and television. She starred in the television series "Felicity" from 1998 to 2002. Russell won a Golden Globe for "Best Actress in a Drama Series" in 1999.

paragraphs: Russell has been in a relationship with Matthew Rhys since 2014. They had their first child together in 2016.


title: 1973 Constitution of Pakistan

paragraphs: One of the most pressing tasks for the new government was to draft a new constitution. When martial law was finally lifted, the Assembly was summoned in April 1972 on the basis of the 1970 election result in the former west pakistan region. A committee was set up from a cross-section of politicians from different parties. There were disagreements within the committee to whether the new constitution should bring in parliamentary rule or a presidential system of government. There were also differing views over the question of provincial autonomy. It took the constitutional committee eight months before it submitted it's report on 10th April 1973. The draft constitution was passed by the federal Assembly by 135 votes in favour, with three abstentions. It was brought into force on 14th August 1973, and Bhutto was elected prime minister by the National Assembly on 12th August. The Constitution's main features were:

paragraphs: I. Pakistan shall be a Federal Republic with a Parliamentary system of government. The prime minister shall be the head of government, elected from the majority party.

paragraphs: II. The special position of lslam as the state religion shall be emphasized and both the prime minister and president are required to be Muslims.

paragraphs: III. Pakistan shall be declared an lslamic republic by default.

paragraphs: IV. A bill to amend the constitution shall need a two-thirds majority in the lower house and a majority in the upper house.

paragraphs: V. All fundamental human rights shall be guaranteed but the stipulation was added that it was subject to resonable restrictions imposed by law'.

paragraphs: VI. The supreme court and High Courts shall be given the power to enforce fundamental rights.

paragraphs: VII. The president shall act in accordance with the binding advice of the prime minister, and all orders of president shall be counter signed by the prime minister.

paragraphs: VIII. The senate, or upper house, shall be elected mostly from the provincial governments and so, for the first time, the interests of the provinces shall be safeguarded at the centre. The Senate shall not be dissolved even in emergencies.

paragraphs: IX. In case of emergencies, the federal government can pass legislation on anything and can even suspend fundamental freedoms.

paragraphs: X. Urdu shall be the official language of the country, with pakistani language to be retained for the next 15 years.

paragraphs: Xl.The teaching of holy Quran and Islamiat should be compulsory.

paragraphs: XlI. Pakistan shall be a federal lslamic state, so residuary powers shall rest with provinces not the central government.

paragraphs: The 1973 Constitution, therefore, marked a return to a parliamentary form of democracy after the presidential experiment introduced under the 1962 constitution. There were also concessions made to the provinces to alleviate fears that the central government would overule them on every issue. This was important as the one unit scheme had only recently been abolished and because 2 of the 4 provincial governments in the new state of were non-PPP. The 1973 Constitution, however, had another advantage over its two predecessors: it had been agreed and voted on by a democratically elected Assembly. This gave it greater authority and, even though it was suspended under the next martial law regime, Since independence, Pakistan has devised and changed three written constitutions and the fourth one was drawn up and it was restored on the 30th of December in 1985 and remains in place to date.


title: Aleutian Islands

paragraphs: The Aleutian Islands (; possibly from Chukchi "aliat", "island") are a chain of more than 300 small volcanic islands. They are in the Northern Pacific Ocean. They are spread out over an area of 6,821 sq mi (17,666 km²) and go out about west from the Alaska Peninsula toward the Kamchatka Peninsula. They mark a line between the Bering Sea and the Pacific Gulf of Alaska. Crossing longitude 180°, they are the furthest West part of the United States Nearly all the islands are part of Alaska but at the extreme western end are the Commander Islands which are in Russia. The islands, with their 57 volcanoes, are in the northern part of the Pacific Ring of Fire. The Alaska Marine Highway passes through the islands.

paragraphs: About 8.200 people live in 11 towns or villages on seven islands, of the US part. About 600 people live in the Russian part of the islands.


title: Yarlung Zangbo River

paragraphs: Yarlung River is a watercourse that originates upstream from the South Tibet Valley and the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon, in Southern Tibet. It then passes through the province of Assam, Republic of India, where it is known as the Dihang.


title: Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon

paragraphs: The Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon () or simply the Tsangpo Canyon or Tsangpo Gorge, along the Yarlung Tsangpo River in Tibet, China, is regarded by some as the deepest canyon in the world, and is slightly longer than the Grand Canyon, making it one of the world's largest.


title: Clay Matthews III

paragraphs: William Clay Matthews III (born May 14, 1986 in Northridge, California) is an American football outside linebacker for the Los Angeles Rams of the National Football League (NFL). Matthews was drafted out of the University of Southern California by the Green Bay Packers with the 26th pick in the first round of the 2009 NFL Draft. Matthews is the son of former NFL player Clay Matthews, Jr. and his uncle is Bruce Matthews who also played in the NFL.


title: Lea Thompson

paragraphs: Lea Katherine Thompson (born May 31, 1961) is an American actress. She acted in the 1983 movie "All the Right Moves" and the 1990s sitcom "Caroline in the City". She also starred in many made for television movies.

paragraphs: Thompson was born in Rochester, Minnesota. Both she and her older brother Andrew Thompson took ballet classes as children. Both became dancers with major dance companies--Andrew with the Colorado Ballet and Lea with the American Ballet Theatre. After Lea had many injuries, she left professional ballet to become an actress.


title: Rallidae

paragraphs: The rails, or Rallidae, are a large family of small to medium-sized birds. The rails are related to cranes, and both are in the order Gruiformes.

paragraphs: The family is diverse, and includes the crakes, coots, and gallinules. Many species are associated with wetlands, although the family is found in every terrestrial habitat except dry deserts, polar regions and alpine areas above the snow line. The Rallidae are found on every continent except Antarctica. There are numerous island species. The most common habitats are marshland or dense forest. They like dense vegetation.<Hor/>

paragraphs: There are many rails on islands, and they are often flightless.

paragraphs: The wings of all rails are short and rounded. Their flight is not powerful, but can continue for long periods, and many species migrate annually. The weakness of their flight means they are easily blown off course, so they are common vagrants. This has led them to colonize many isolated oceanic islands. Furthermore, these birds often prefer to run rather than fly, especially in dense shrub or woodland habitats. Some are also flightless at some time during their moult period.

paragraphs: Many island rails are flightless because on a small island without threatening predators they do not need to fly or move long distances. Flight makes intense demands, with the keel and flight muscles taking up to a quarter of a bird's weight. Reducing the flight muscles lowers the metabolic demands, and reduces the flightless rail's energy needs. For this reason, flightlessness makes it easier to survive and colonize an island where resources may be limited. Flightlessness can evolve extremely rapidly in island rails; it took as little as 125,000 years for the Laysan Rail to lose the power of flight and evolve the reduced, stubby wings only useful to keep balance when running quickly.


title: Tim Masthay

paragraphs: Tim Masthay (born March 16, 1987 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is an American football punter for the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL). Masthay was not drafted but started his football career in 2009 with the Indianapolis Colts when he was part of their practice squad. Masthay's father, Dr. Mark Masthay is a chairman of the chemistry department at the University of Dayton and his mother is the Executive Director of TriState Habitat for Humanity in Cincinnati, Ohio.


title: All Pakistan Muslim League

paragraphs: The All-Pakistan Muslim League, is a political party in Pakistan founded by Pervez Musharraf in Karachi, Pakistan, in 2010, . The party was registered at the Election Commission.


title: All Parties Hurriyat Conference

paragraphs: The All Parties Hurriyat Conference (APHC) (formed March 10, 1993) is a political front formed as an alliance of 26 political, social and religious organizations in Kashmir. It was formed achieving the right of self-determination according to United Nations Security Council Resolution 47. "Hurriyat" in Koshur (as well as in Arabic from which the word is loaned, Urdu and Persian) means "liberty". Tabish Bhat was elected its leader in January 2010.

paragraphs: The primary objective of Hurriyat Conference is to have Islamic governance in Jammu & Kashmir and liberating the regions from India to Pakistan.


title: Matt Turk

paragraphs: Matthew Edward Turk (born June 16, 1968 in Greenfield, Wisconsin) is a former American football punter that played 18 seasons in the National Football League (NFL). Turk was not drafted but started his football career in 1995 with the Washington Redskins.

paragraphs: He played for the Washington Redskins from 1995 to 1999, the Miami Dolphins from 2000 to 2001, the New York Jets in 2002, the Miami Dolphins again from 2003 to 2005, the St. Louis Rams in 2006, the Houston Texans from 2007 to 2010, the Jacksonville Jaguars in 2011 and the Houston Texans again in 2011.


title: Anthurium

paragraphs: Anthurium is a large plant genus of about 600- 800 (possibly 1,000) species, belonging to the arum family (Araceae). Anthurium can also be called "Flamingo Flower" or "Boy Flower", both referring to the structure of the spathe and spadix.

paragraphs: The species has neotropical distribution; mostly in wet tropical mountain forest of Central America and South America, but some in semi-arid environments.


title: Wynonna Judd

paragraphs: Christina Claire Ciminella, aka Wynonna Judd, is an American singer and songwriter. She first rose to fame during the 1980s as part of the duo The Judds with her mother Naomi Judd, who is also a singer. The duo had seven albums via Curb Records. Wynonna has had many solo albums.


title: Blades of Glory

paragraphs: Blades of Glory is a 2007 American sports comedy movie that was produced by Ben Stiller, Stuart Cornfeld and John Jacobs and was directed by Josh Gordon and Will Speck. Blades of Glory was given a 69% Fresh rating on Rotten Tomatoes and a 64 out of 100 rating on Metacritic. Blades of Glory grossed $33,014,202 on its opening weekend with 3,372 theaters, beating Disney's Meet the Robinsons to be the number 1 film. Voice clips from the movie are featured in the 2011 song, "Niggas in Paris" by Jay-Z and Kanye West.


title: Autobiography of Mark Twain

paragraphs: The Autobiography of Mark Twain or "Mark Twain’s Autobiography" is a book by Mark Twain, (the pen name of Samuel Langhorne Clemens). It has many stories about his life in it. Twain did not write and publish the book in the usual way. He told the stories and they were written down for him. The book was published in November 2010, one hundred years after his death.

paragraphs: According to Harriet Smith, editor of the book, some of the manuscripts of Twain’s autobiography are handwritten by him but most are transcripts of what he said. These were created on typewriters by helpers such as his secretaries and his youngest daughter. There are three versions of much of the autobiography, including the original. There was a copy used to send 25 sections of the book, one at a time, to be published in "North American Review". Then a copy was used for Albert Paine’s 1924 edition of the book. Clemens proofread them all. Into his vocal dictations, he often inserted earlier manuscripts he wrote and also letters, newspaper clippings and other documents.

paragraphs: In Harriet Smith’s 2010 edition, Clemens instructions are not always followed. For example, she did not insert his article about the survivors of the sunken ship in his February 20, 1906 dictation. Also, she did not include in the January 12, 1906 dictation the illustrated magazine about his 70th birthday dinner. Mistakes that were made are just pointed out in the book’s explanatory notes instead of being changed to be correct. She has made some changes to bad spelling and adding missing prepositions to fix the grammar. She does not correct grammar when the text would lose the spoken style. For example, she believes “. . . the world’s sympathy and compassion are with her, where it belongs” is bad grammar but does not correct it.

paragraphs: Larry Rohter in his July 9, 2010 review in "The New York Times" describes Twain as a Colonel Sanders without the chicken who told stories, whose books "Huck Finn" and "Tom Sawyer" he had to read in high school. In writing his autobiography, Twain spoke his recollections and opinions to his secretary for a more natural, frank, colloquial tone than if he had written them down. Twain died on April 21, 1910. He was 74 years old. The content of his 500,000 word autobiography is being published in the random order he wrote it, and that is the way he wanted it to be. Previous editions of the work have put things in chronological order. They have also censored it for interest and propriety. This edition, published over 100 years after his death, has the material in the order he wrote it and uncensored. The University of California Press is publishing it in three volumes. Five percent of the first volume was never published before, and about fifty percent of all three volumes was never published before. Twain claims some shocking things, such as the elder Rockefeller paying taxes on only 2.5 million of his fortune and a U.S. Army overkill against six hundred Philippine savages resisting U.S. imperialism. In Twain’s boyhood in Missouri, he was not aware there was anything wrong about slavery. When Cleveland was U.S. President, Twain met him in the White House and got the First Lady’s autograph. Twain resented his publisher and an inventor for fleecing him, and also a rude landlord, from when he lived in Italy in 1904.

paragraphs: Julie Bosman’s review on November 19, 2010, in "The New York Times" said the book is a four-pound, 500,000-word, $35.00 doorstopper more political than Twain’s previous works. The content is nonlinear although very readable. It seems like a reader could flip the book open at random to any part of it and not worry about plot. The book includes 200 pages of end notes. At first the publisher planned to print 7,500 copies. However, because it was being published a century after Twain’s death, as he wanted it to be, the book got in the news. Before the book’s November 15th publication date, magazines including "Newsweek", "Playboy," and "Harper’s" ran excerpts from the book. The book was quickly sold out and back-ordered. The publisher was University of California Press. A girl with them said, “We feel like, wow . . . people are interested in a 736-page scholarly tome about Mark Twain.” They rushed to send copies to bookstores in time for the holidays. The publisher hired a small printer in Michigan to print the books. They worked overtime producing 30,000 copies a week and got bigger trucks to bring the books to the warehouses. Instead of 7,500 copies, the book got on best seller lists with over 275,000 copies in November 2010. The book was the biggest success the University of California Press had in sixty years.


title: Kathleen Turner

paragraphs: Mary Kathleen Turner (born June 19, 1954) is an American actress. She became famous during the 1980s with Hollywood movies including: "Body Heat", "Romancing the Stone" and "Peggy Sue Got Married". Turner has starred in many television programs and theatrical movies. She was born in Springfield, Missouri. She is a Democrat.


title: Jewel (singer)

paragraphs: Jewel Kilcher (born May 23, 1974), known simply as Jewel, is an American singer-songwriter. She has had four Grammy Award nominations. Jewel was born in Payson, Utah, but raised in Anchorage, Alaska.