title: Critical analysis

paragraphs: Critical analysis is to examine something that someone has said. It means to study the individual parts of the work.


title: Theme (narrative)

paragraphs: Theme in writing is what you think is important in a story. It is the big idea of the work.

paragraphs: In contemporary literary studies, a theme is how the central topic a text, book, or story is treated. Themes can be divided into two categories: a work's "thematic concept" is what readers "think the work is about" and its "thematic statement" being "what the work says about the subject".

paragraphs: The most common understanding of theme is an idea or point that is central to a story. It can be summed in a single word (e.g. love, death, betrayal). Some examples of themes of this type are conflict between the person and society; getting to adult age; humans in conflict with technology; nostalgia.

paragraphs: A theme may be shown by the actions, words said, or thoughts of a character in a novel. An example of this would be the theme loneliness in John Steinbeck's "Of Mice and Men". Many of the characters are lonely. It may be different from the book's or author's view of the world. From the source we found we can see that the themes can be at a variety of state as the worldwide web


title: Figurative language

paragraphs: Figurative language is when a writer describes something by comparing it with something else. It is writing that goes from the actual meaning of words at face value to get a special meaning. The figurative meaning is different from the literal meaning. For example, consider the sentence, "When she heard the news, she was over the moon and jumped for joy". The meaning is that she was very happy, but not flying above the Moon nor jumping up and down.

paragraphs: Figurative language is a difference in fields of language analysis. Literal language is about words that do not go away from their meaning. Non-literal or figurative language refers to words, and groups of words, that change the normal meanings of the words. A literal usage is the "normal" meanings of the words. It has the same meaning regardless of the context. The intended meaning is the same as the real meaning of the individual words. Figurative use of language is the use of words or phrases in a manner where the literal meaning of the words is not true or does not make sense. It "implies a non-literal meaning which does make sense or that could be true".


title: Jack Hills

paragraphs: The Jack Hills are a range of hills in Western Australia. They include the oldest material of terrestrial origin found on Earth. These are zircons which formed about 4.4 billion years ago (bya). The oldest zircon with the most consistent date is closer to 4.35 bya.

paragraphs: This zircon is part of a population of zircons in the metamorphosed conglomerate. They were deposited about 3.060 bya, which is the age of the youngest detrital zircon in the rock.

paragraphs: The zircons are used in research on the conditions on Earth in the Hadean eon.

paragraphs: We have samples of rock from the Moon which are older than these zircons. The "Genesis Rock", got from the Moon by astronauts in the Apollo 15 mission, has been dated at 4.46 billion years. This is one of the oldest known rocks on Earth, though it originated on the Moon. During Apollo 16, older rocks were brought back.

paragraphs: The Allan Hills 84001 meteorite was blasted off from Mars by meteorite impact about 4.5 bya, and crystallised 4.091 bya. It arrived on Earth about 13,000 years ago. These figures were got by a number of radiometric dating techniques.


title: Province of Quebec (1763-1791)

paragraphs: The Province of Quebec was a colony in North America. It was created by Great Britain after the Seven Years' War. Great Britain acquired French Canada by the Treaty of Paris (1763). After a long debate France negotiated to keep the small island of Guadeloupe in the Caribbean. Guadeloupe was rich in sugar. By Britain's Royal Proclamation of 1763, Canada (part of New France) was renamed the Province of Quebec. The province extended from the coast of Labrador on the Atlantic Ocean, southwest through the Saint Lawrence River Valley to the Great Lakes and beyond to the confluence of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers. Portions of its southwest (below the Great Lakes) were later ceded to the United States in a later Treaty of Paris (1783) at the conclusion of the American Revolution.


title: Military intelligence

paragraphs: Military intelligence is information about an enemy or possible enemy. It is information that has first been interpreted and evaluated. It can include the terrain, the weather, and any other information about a theater of operations. Military intelligence gathering has a long history.

paragraphs: By the time of the Battle of Kadesh in BC Egyptian Pharaoh Ramses II was known to have had court spies. In the biblical Book of Genesis Joseph thought his brothers were Canaanite spies.

paragraphs: The Chinese general and strategist Sun Tzu (544 BC – 496 BC) wrote about the importance of military intelligence. In his book The Art of War he wrote: "If you know both yourself and your enemy you can win a hundred battles without jeopardy." He emphasized the importance of using spies to learn an enemy's strength and what they were doing. He also wrote: "All warfare is based on deception". What he meant was war can even be avoided if you feed your enemy enough bad information. This is also called counterintelligence. Ancient Rome depended heavily on intelligence information to rule it's empire.

paragraphs: When Major General Joseph Hooker took command of the Army of the Potomac he ordered Colonel George H. Sharpe to establish an intelligence unit. In 1863, they established the Bureau of Military Information. The information they gathered was amazingly accurate. They calculated the size of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia within 2% of the actual number. By war's end Sharpe knew more about the Army of Northern Virginia than many Confederate officers. One of the best sources of military information Sharpe's organization had was slaves who used the Underground Railroad to escape the South.

paragraphs: During World War I intelligence became better organized. For the first time Airplanes were used for intelligence gathering. An observer would fly with a pilot and diagram and map battlefields. They would also photograph intelligence targets and count troops. Operators at listening stations reported on enemy communications.

paragraphs: Before the 20th century accurate weather information was not available. Military planners had no data on the climate of their target area. In many cases they didn't even have accurate maps of the area. In 1941, when Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union they did not have any information on how harsh the Russian winters were. They did not have accurate maps of the roads. Between October 1941 and April 1942 the Germans lost between 100,000 and 112, 000 soldiers to frostbite. That is two-thirds of the number of soldiers who were killed in action or missing.

paragraphs: General knowledge of terrain has always been important to military intelligence. But environmental factors sometimes went unnoticed. At the Battle of Agincourt mud was a major factor in the English victory. The extremely muddy ground slowed down the French and made them easy prey for English archers. In the 17th and 18th centuries army quartermasters, in addition to providing supplies, also scouted terrain and planned s the army would take. One of the first major improvements in gaining scientific knowledge of terrain was during the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905). The Russians used geologists to do a detailed survey of Korea. They also used geologists to advise them in building fortifications.

paragraphs: Having little or no knowledge of terrain has proved costly to many battles in history. During the Pacific War in World War II, the United States forces had little knowledge of the terrain of the many Pacific islands they fought on. After the war, the United States Army Corps of Engineers contracted with the United States Geological Survey to provide detailed geological information on occupied islands.

paragraphs: In addition to intelligence gathering on other countries, terrorism is also a major concern of military intelligence. Intelligence gathering by examining communications signals has been a regular activity of military intelligence. Since 2005 military and other intelligence services have also monitored the Internet.

paragraphs: In some 21st century countries, military intelligence competes with civilian-led intelligence agencies. Often military and civilian intelligence gathering have different goals and objectives. Both gather their own intelligence and do not always share information. New methods of intelligence gathering, such as video imagery, satellites, reconnaissance aircraft and drones, produce tremendous amounts of raw data. Artificial intelligence is used to analyze this data for information.


title: Casualty (person)

paragraphs: A casualty in military usage is a person in military service, who becomes unavailable for duty due to death or injury. It also includes illness, capture, desertion, etc.; or a civilian casualty.

paragraphs: In civilian usage the word "casualty" is properly used for a person who is killed, wounded or injured by some event. It is usually used to describe multiple deaths and injuries due to violent incidents or disasters. "Casualties" is sometimes loosely used to mean "fatalities", but non-fatal injuries are also casualties.


title: Bryant Reeves

paragraphs: Bryant Reeves (born June 8, 1973) is an American retired professional basketball player. He played six seasons with the Vancouver Grizzlies of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He was nicknamed Big Country by his college teammate Byron Houston after he was amazed through his first cross-country flight over the United States, having grown up in the small town of Gans, Oklahoma.

paragraphs: Reeves played college basketball at the Oklahoma State University–Stillwater with the Cowboys. During his time with the Cowboys, Reeves led the team to the 1995 Final Four and averaged 21.5 points per game as a senior player.

paragraphs: He was selected 6th overall by the Vancouver Grizzlies in the 1996 NBA Draft. He was the Grizzlies' first-ever draft choice. During his six seasons with the Grizzlies, he had averaged 13.3 points per game in his rookie season and he averaged 16.2 points per game in 1997. On July 8, 1997, Reeves was given a six-year, $61.8 million contract extension. Reeves' best season came in 1997-98, when averaged 16.3 points, 7.9 rebounds, 1.08 blocked shots per game, and scored a career-high 41 points against the Boston Celtics.

paragraphs: After 1998, he began suffering from both weight-control problems and injuries. His production numbers had fell off severely. The Grizzlies were still using Reeves as their starting center but both his minutes per game dropped and his field goal percentage had dropped. When the Grizzlies were moved to Memphis in 2001, Reeves had to start the season on the injured list because of continuing back pain and he was never able to play another game after only playing two preseason games with Memphis. Reeves retired from playing professional basketball on January 29, 2002.

paragraphs: Since retiring, Reeves moved back to Gans, Oklahoma where he owns a large cattle ranch just outside of Gans and lives with his wife and three children.


title: Narratology

paragraphs: Narratology is the study of structure in narratives. The theory of narrative or narratology was developed in the 1960s. Narratology is based on the idea of a common literary language. Narratives are found and told through oral and written language. Narratology has helped to make it easier to understand the how and why of narrative.


title: Red shirts

paragraphs: Redshirts or Red coats is the name given to the volunteers who followed Giuseppe Garibaldi. He was an Italian revolutionary who unified Italy by conquering the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies in 1861.

paragraphs: The name came from the color of their shirts.


title: Man Against Machine

paragraphs: Man Against Machine is the eleventh studio album by Garth Brooks. The album was released on 11 November 2014. It was Brooks' second studio album on his new label Pearl Records. It was his first studio album new material in nine years. Two of the singles, "People Loving People," and "Send 'Em on Down the Road" were released early and made available digitally on Brooks' official website and GhostTunes.com.


title: Granada Cathedral

paragraphs: Granada Cathedral (also called Cathedral of the Incarnation) is a cathedral in Granada, Spain. It is a Roman Catholic cathedral and is the seat of the Archdiocese of Granada. The site was once the center of Muslim Spain. In 1532 the Archbishop of Granada laid the cornerstone for the cathedral. The cathedral features a large number of paintings by the artist, sculptor and architect Alonso Cano.


title: Shareef Abdur-Rahim

paragraphs: Shareef Abdur-Rahim (born December 11, 1976) is an American retired professional basketball player. He currently works as the director of player personnel for the Sacramento Kings of the National Basketball Association (NBA) and is the general manager of the Reno Bighorns, the Kings' NBA D-League affiliate.

paragraphs: Abdur-Rahim played college basketball at the University of California, Berkeley with the Golden Bears. He was selected 3rd overall by the Vancouver Grizzlies in the 1996 NBA Draft. During his time with the Grizzlies, he became the team's leading scorer and set a franchise record of 18.7 points per game. He averaged 6.9 rebounds and 2.2 assists in 35 minutes per game. He also finished 3rd in balloting for the Schick NBA Rookie of the Year behind the Philadelphia 76ers' Allen Iverson and the Minnesota Timberwolves' Stephon Marbury, and was picked for the All-Rookie First Team. During the next few seasons, Abdur-Rahim was the centerpiece of the Grizzlies team. He improved his performance the following years with 22.3 ppg, 7.1 rpg and 2.6 assists per game (apg) in his sophomore season and 23.0 ppg, 7.5 rpg, and 3.4 apg in the next season. Even through his best effort, the Grizzlies were still at the bottom two spots of the Midwest Division in his first four seasons.

paragraphs: On June 27, 2001, the Grizzlies traded Abdur-Rahim and the 27th overall pick to the Atlanta Hawks for Brevin Knight, Lorenzen Wright and Pau Gasol, the 3rd overall pick in the 2001 NBA Draft. The Hawks finished the 2001–02 season with a 33–49 win-loss record. Abdur-Rahim's performances, which included a career-high 50-point game, earned him a selection to the NBA All-Star game for the season. On December 28, 2002, he became the fifth-youngest player in NBA history to reach 10,000-points with a jump shot against the Washington Wizards. Even though Glenn Robinson, Jason Terry and Abdur-Rahim all combined to average 57.9 ppg and become the highest-scoring trio in the league for the 2002–03 season, the team was unable to make the playoffs again. Abdur-Rahim played in all but one of game for the Hawks.

paragraphs: On February 9, 2004, the Hawks traded Abdur-Rahim along with Theo Ratliff and Dan Dickau to the Portland Trail Blazers for Rasheed Wallace and Wesley Person. At the end of the 2004–05 NBA season, he became a free agent.

paragraphs: During the 2005 off-season, he was traded through a sign and trade agreement (in principle) to the New Jersey Nets for a first-round draft pick. On August 4, 2005, it was revealed that he failed a required physical because of scar tissue found in his knee. The trade was put on hold, pending a second opinion from other medical sources. On August 7, Abdur-Rahim was quoted as saying: "Right now I don't feel I want to be a Net".

paragraphs: On August 12, 2005, Abdur-Rahim signed a free-agent contract with the Sacramento Kings.

paragraphs: During his first season with the Kings, he averaged 16.0 ppg, 6.2 rpg and 3.0 apg as a starter. He shot .543 for field goal percentage, and almost .800 from the free throw line. The Kings were able to qualify for the 2006 playoffs. He made his postseason career debut against the San Antonio Spurs. At the same time, Abdur-Rahim ended a streak of having played the most number of games in NBA history without participating in the post-season.

paragraphs: On September 22, 2008, Abdur-Rahim announced that he was retiring from basketball because of a constant knee injury. The next week, he joined the Kings' coaching staff as an assistant. He was hired as the Kings' assistant general manager on October 7, 2010.


title: Achraf Baznani

paragraphs: Achraf Baznani is a Moroccan artist, filmmaker and photographer. He was born in Marrakesh on 1 January 1979.

paragraphs: Baznani got started in photography by chance. He received a Kodak Ektra compact 250 camera for his birthday as a teen. Baznani is self-taught and has never taken photography classes. He has made several short films and documentaries. These include "Walk" in 2006 and "The Forgotten" in 2007. "The Immigrant" in 2007 received several national and international awards.

paragraphs: Baznani is best known for being the first artist in the Arab world to publish a photo-book based on surreal imagery. Both books, "Through My Lens" and "Inside My dreams", are surreal. Baznani places himself within his photographs of everyday objects, scenes and amusing situations.

paragraphs: His works were featured in various magazines worldwide like PicsArt, National Geographic, Mambo, Photo+, Amateur Photographer, Fotografe Melhor, Digital Photo magazine.

paragraphs: During 2014 he completed his "52 Project", a personnal mission which he committed on taking a picture every week in a row for a year.

paragraphs: On April 29th, 2015, Joel Robinson, a Canadian photographer, accused Achraf Baznani of plagiarism. His evidence was a long article, published both on his website and petapixel.com, that the Moroccan photographer used his work in a way that amounted to plagiarism.

paragraphs: Although Robinson did not mention Baznani by name, the nature of the case was said by Robinson to be as follows. Robinson's originals all had a photo of himself in a the middle of a graphic design of some kind. In each case, Baznani removed Robinson's image and replaced it with one of himself. That it was Baznani


title: 1st Army (Russian Empire)

paragraphs: The Russian First Army was a World War I Russian field army that fought on the Eastern Front for two years.

paragraphs: It was commanded by General Paul Rennenkampf when Russia invaded East Prussia at the outbreak of war in 1914. They were accompanied by the Second Army commanded by General Alexander Samsonov. The plan was to trap the German army in a Pincer movement between the two armies. On 17 August the First Army engaged the Germans at Stallupönen. They fought the Germans again on 20 August at Gumbinnen and defeated them. Rennenkampf thought the Germans could be finished off by Samsonov's Second Army and did not move quickly enough to help them. In late August 1914 the German and Russian second army met at Tannenberg. The Second Army was and suffered complete destruction.

paragraphs: Let by General Paul von Hindenburg the Germans turned north to attack the Russian First army at First Battle of the Masurian Lakes in September 1914. The Russians fought hard but were driven back to the Russian border. Rennenkampf kept his troops in good order as they retreated. They set up defensive lines on the Russian border.

paragraphs: After another defeat near Silesia on November 11, Rennenkampf was dismissed. He was replaced by General Litvinov. The First Army again fought at Thorn and Lódź but there was no clear cut winner.

paragraphs: The First army evacuated Lódź and returned to their own lines for the remainder of the winter. The First Army served on the Northwestern front for the rest of the war.


title: Offensive (military)

paragraphs: An offensive is an aggressive military operation usually aimed at an enemy force. It is also called an attack, an advance or an invasion. An offensive can be conducted on land, at sea or in the air. A common goal of an offensive is to engage the enemy in a battle. It can also be used to get an enemy to withdraw and avoid a battle.

paragraphs: A tactical offensive is an operation that is usually smaller or more limited. It often involves the use of Special forces (or specialized forces). It often has a limited task such as the capture of a bridge or stronghold. A strategic offensive usually involves larger forces and usually has long-range goals.


title: Ewen Gilmour

paragraphs: David Ewen Gilmour ( 1963 – 2 October 2014), commonly known as Ewen Gilmour, was a New Zealand comedian and television presenter.

paragraphs: Gilmour began his comedy career in 1995. He shared the first Billy T Award with Cal Wilson in 1997. He won the Decade Award - Best Male Comedian - 2000 to 2010 at the 2010 NZ Comedy Guild Awards. In 2012, he returned to the New Zealand International Comedy Festival "for the first time in a couple of years" with a one hour show called "S'Truth".

paragraphs: He has made many appearances on New Zealand television, including Pulp Comedy (1995), Intrepid Journeys - Peru (2003), Celebrity Treasure Island (2003), Dancing with the Stars series one (2005), and Comedy Christmas Cracker (2010). He was the host of the TV3 show "Road Madness", mainly about dangerous driving on New Zealand roads, which first aired in 2012.

paragraphs: On 3 October 2014 it was reported Gilmour died in his sleep, aged 51.


title: Robert Flower

paragraphs: Robert Flower (5 August 1955 – 2 October 2014) was an Australian rules footballer. He played with Melbourne Football Club. His first game was against Geelong in 1973. He captained the team from 1981 until his final game in 1987. He held the record for the number of games for his club, 272, until overtaken by David Neitz in 2006. Flower was born in Melbourne, Victoria.

paragraphs: Flower died on 2 October 2014, after a short illness.


title: Kevin Metheny

paragraphs: Kevin Metheny (c. 1954 – October 3, 2014) was an American radio executive. He was played by Paul Giamatti in the 1997 movie, "Private Parts". His final job in the radio industry was as operations manager of KGO-AM/KSFO-AM (San Francisco).

paragraphs: Metheny died in San Francisco, California from a suspected heart attack, aged 60.


title: Ward Ruyslinck

paragraphs: Raymond De Belser (17 June 1929 – 3 October 2014), pseudonym Ward Ruyslinck, was a Belgian writer. He was born in Berchem, Belgium. He was known for his book "Wierook en tranen" (""Incense and Tears""). He won the "Prijs voor Letterkunde van de Vlaamse provincies" for this work. In 1966, he wrote the bittersweet fairy tale "Golden Ophelia".

paragraphs: Ward Ruyslinck retired in 1984. His wife committed suicide in 1980. Afterwards, he moved to Meise to live with his mistress Monika Lo Cascio. Ruyslinck and Cascio wrote the autobiographical novel "De speeltuin" ("The Playground") in 1992.

paragraphs: Ruyslinck, who had from Alzheimer's disease, died on 3 October 2014 in a retirement home in Meise.


title: Jean-Jacques Marcel

paragraphs: Jean-Jacques Marcel (13 June 1931 – 3 October 2014) was a French international footballer. He played as a midfielder. He played for some of the French national teams of the 1950s. He played naturally in the FIFA World Cup 1954 and 1958.

paragraphs: On 3 October 2014, it was announced by his former football club that Marcel died. He was 83.


title: Jean-Claude Duvalier

paragraphs: Jean-Claude Duvalier (), nicknamed "Bébé Doc" or "Baby Doc" (July 3, 1951 – October 4, 2014) was the President of Haiti from 1971 until his overthrow by a popular uprising in 1986. He succeeded François "Papa Doc" Duvalier, his father, as the ruler of Haiti.

paragraphs: Duvalier died of a heart attack on October 4, 2014, at the age of 63.


title: Splake

paragraphs: The splake or slake ("Salvelinus namaeycush X Salvelinus fontinalis") is a fish. It is the hybrid of a male brook trout ("Salvelinus fontinalis") and a female lake trout ("Salvelinus namaycush"). The name is a combination of speckled trout (another name for brook trout) and lake trout. The name may have been used as early as the 1880s. Hybrids of the male lake trout with the female brook trout (the so-called "brookinaw") have also been produced, but are not as successful.


title: Seville Cathedral

paragraphs: Seville Cathedral is one of the famous Roman Catholic cathedrals in Spain. It is situated in Seville state. It is the third largest cathedral in the word and the largest Gothic style cathedral. It was consecrated in 1507. In 1987, UNESCO added this church as a World Heritage site.

paragraphs: In the early 16th century, Hagia Sophia made the church into a mosque. At that time, the cathedral was the largest church or cathedral in the world. Christopher Columbus is buried in this church.


title: Colac, Victoria

paragraphs: Colac is a town in the western district of Victoria, Australia. It is about south-west of Melbourne, on the southern shore of Lake Colac and the surrounding volcanic plains, approximately inland from Bass Strait. Colac is the largest city in and administrative centre of the Colac Otway Shire. At June 2016, Colac had a population of 12,411.

paragraphs: The first people to live in the area were the Gulidjan people. They had lived in the grasslands around the lakes for at least 30,000 years.

paragraphs: European settlers moved into the area in 1837. Within three years, most of Gulidjan lands had been taken over by sheep farmers.

paragraphs: The first European settler was Hugh Murray. In 1848, the town was named "Lake Colac".

paragraphs: In 1854 a shepherd, Thomas Brookhouse, who worked for Hugh Murray went missing. Another shepherd, Patrick McGeary left the town soon afterwards. Fifteen years later, Brookhouse's bones were found under a pile of rocks near Lake Corangamite. The skull had been crushed. It took police another two years to find McGeary, who was found guilty of murder and hanged in Melbourne in 1871. He had killed Brookhouse to stop him from telling Murray about his sheep stealing.

paragraphs: The Lake Colac Post Office opened on 1 July 1848. The name was changed to Colac in 1854.

paragraphs: Colac Botanic Gardens in Queen Street is next to the shores of Lake Colac. They were first planted in 1868, and remodelled in 1910 by William Guilfoyle. There is a large number of different of plants with many old and rare trees and a rose arbour.

paragraphs: A commemorative plaque on the southern side of the Memorial Square remembers two historic speeches given on consecutive nights in Colac. The two speeches declared Australia would join Britain to fight in World War I. On 5 September 1914 the Leader of the Opposition, Andrew Fisher said "...Australia will stand by the mother country to our last man and our last shilling". The next night, the Prime Minister Joseph Cook said that "...If the old country is at war, so are we".

paragraphs: Lake Colac dried up during the drought of 2008-2009. It has now refilled.

paragraphs: The railway reached the town in 1877. From 1883 the line was extended to reach as far as Port Fairy, in the south west of the state. The Irrewarra-Cressy line to Ballarat also ran from Colac between 1889 and 1953. There was also a branch line to Alvie opened in 1923 and closed in 1954. A narrow gauge railway line began in Colac going south to the small towns of Beech Forest and Crowes. This line opened in 1902 and closed in 1962.

paragraphs: The local railway station is served by V/Line passenger services on the Warrnambool line. The train stops at Camperdown and Terang.

paragraphs: Colac is the home of the annual "Cliff Young Australian 6-day race". The event has been going for over 20 years and is a running/walking event. It is held in the Memorial Square which is in the middle of Colac and attracts entries from all over the world.

paragraphs: The main industries are based on agriculture including dairy, beef, lamb and finewool merino industries, and a large timber industry. These include Bulla Dairy Foods, CRF Colac Otway Pty Ltd, Fonterra, Cororooke, and AKD Softwoods.

paragraphs: Colac has its own newspaper, "The Colac Herald", published on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays. Colac has a number of local radio stations: 3CS 1134AM, MIXX FM 106.3 MHz, and Otway FM 104.7 MHz& 99.1 MHz.

paragraphs: Television services are received via UHF from Ballarat Lookout Hill, as well as a local repeater on nearby Warrion hill.

paragraphs: FM radio services direct from Melbourne can be received in Colac but signal levels are low. Television services direct from Melbourne can be received in Colac but large antenna arrays must be used with mixed results.

paragraphs: Colac is serviced by Austar Subscription Television delivered by DTH satellite transmission, via Optus C1 Ku Band Satellite located at 156E.

paragraphs: Colac has two Australian Rules football teams competing in the Colac & District Football League, the Colac Imperials and South Colac. The Colac Tigers play in the Geelong Football League.

paragraphs: Colac has a horse racing club, the Colac Turf Club, which has around four race meetings a year including the Colac Cup meeting in February. It also has a picnic horse racing club, Colac St Patrick Picnic, which holds its one race meeting a year in March.

paragraphs: Golfers play at the Colac Golf Club on Colac - Lavers Hill Road, Elliminyt.

paragraphs: Colac also has a swimming club which trains swimmers and has athletes competing at Region, State and national competitions.

paragraphs: Colac also has a baseball club, the Colac Braves, which plays in the Geelong Baseball Association winter competition and the Pan Pacific Masters Games on the Gold Coast.


title: Castle of Almansa

paragraphs: The Castle of Almansa () is a castle in Almansa, Spain. It was declared "Bien de Interés Cultural" in 1921.

paragraphs: The Castle of Almansa was one of 100 finalists for the 12 Treasures of Spain in 2007.


title: Alcántara Bridge

paragraphs: Alcántara Bridge (also called Puente Trajan at Alcantara) is a Roman stone arch bridge. It was built over the Tagus river, Alcántara, Spain between 104 and 106 AD. The Roman emperor Trajan ordered this bridge built in 98 AD.

paragraphs: The original length of this bridge was . It is now long The clear spans of the six arches from the right to the left riverside are , , , , and

paragraphs: The Alcántara Bridge was one of 100 finalists for the 12 Treasures of Spain in 2007.


title: Neo-creationism

paragraphs: Creationism is the idea that life on earth was created by God. This idea comes from a literal reading of scripture, very often the Bible. Today, almost all scientists believe evolution is a good explanation. These scientists say that the scientific method does not allow certain explanations, mostly those that include supernatural elements. For this reason, a movement called Neo-creationism wants to re-state the ideas behind creationism and restart the discussion over the origins of life. The followers want to do this in such a way that religious terms are not used, and that there are no references to scripture. This should make it easier to talk to other groups, such as the scientific community or the general public.


title: Cloud chamber

paragraphs: A cloud chamber is a sealed box with a supersaturated vapour of water or alcohol. When a charged particle (e.g. an alpha or beta particle) goes through it, the vapour is ionized. The resulting ions act as nuclei, around which a mist forms from the vapour.

paragraphs: The high energies of alpha and beta particles mean that a trail is left by ions produced along the path of the charged particle. These tracks have distinctive shapes (for example, an alpha particle's track is broad and shows more evidence of deflection by collisions, while an electron's is thinner and straight). When any uniform magnetic field is applied across the cloud chamber, positively and negatively charged particles will curve in opposite directions, according to the Lorentz force law.

paragraphs: The cloud chamber was invented by Charles Wilson (1869–1959), a Scottish physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1927 for this work. The first cloud chamber was made in 1911. The invention was used in the early days of atomic physics. It is often called the 'Wilson chamber'. Since then a number of other types of particle detectors have been invented.


title: Uric acid

paragraphs: Uric acid is what reptiles and birds excrete. It is a heterocyclic compound of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen with the formula CHNO. It forms ions and salts known as urates and acid urates. Uric acid is a product of the metabolic breakdown of purine nucleotides.

paragraphs: High blood concentrations of uric acid can lead to gout. The chemical is associated with other medical conditions such as diabetes and the formation of kidney stones (ammonium acid urate).


title: Guggenheim Museum Bilbao

paragraphs: The Guggenheim Museum Bilbao is a museum of modern art. It is in Abando, Bilbao, Spain. The museum was opened in 1997. It is one of the several museums belonging to Solomon R. Guggenheim foundation. This museum was designed by the architect Frank Gehry. There are no flat surfaces in this building. The structure of the building is made of glass, titanium, and limestone.

paragraphs: "Frank Gehry’s Guggenheim Museum Bilbao not only changed the way that architects and people think about museums, but also boosted Bilbao’s economy with its astounding success."

paragraphs: The museum has three aims in its mission. The museum wants to bring together and help the public to interpret the arts of our time. They want to encourage art education. They also want to increase the knowledge of the public's understanding of the arts. The collections at the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao have works by the some of the most famous artists of the past four decades. There are works of many genres including Minimalism, Pop Art, Conceptual Art and Abstract Expressionism. Spanish contemporary and Basque art are also displayed from some of the local and regional artists.

paragraphs: There are over one hundred exhibitions in the museum. There have been approximately ten million visitors to the museum.


title: Purine

paragraphs: Purines include two of the bases in DNA and RNA.

paragraphs: A purine is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound. It is a pyrimidine ring fused to an imidazole ring. Purines are the most widely occurring nitrogen-containing heterocycles in nature.

paragraphs: Purines and pyrimidines are the two groups of nitrogenous bases, and the two groups of nucleotide bases.


title: Telecommunications in Azerbaijan

paragraphs: Telecommunications in Azerbaijan is about television, radio, fixed and mobile telephones, and Internet in Azerbaijan.

paragraphs: As of 2014, Azerbaijan has 9 AM radio stations, 17 FM radio stations, and one shortwave radio station. There are also about 4,350,000 radios.

paragraphs: Azerbaijan has a total of 47 television channels. Four of them are public and 43 are private. Twelve are national television channels and 31 are regional.


title: Pyrimidine

paragraphs: Pyrimidines include three of the bases in DNA and RNA.

paragraphs: A pyrimidine is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound, similar to purine. It has nitrogens at positions 1 and 3 in the ring.

paragraphs: The pyrimidine ring system occurs widely in nature.

paragraphs: It is also found in many synthetic compounds such as barbiturates and the HIV drug, zidovudine. Uric acid is a pyrimidine derivative.


title: State Statistics Committee (Azerbaijan)

paragraphs: The State Statistics Committee of Azerbaijan Republic () is a governmental agency within the Cabinet of Azerbaijan in charge of collection, processing and publishing statistical data on the economy, demographics and other sectors in the Republic of Azerbaijan. The State Statistics Committee was established on February 18, 1994 by President Heydar Aliyev. Its headquarters is located in the Azerbaijani capital city of Baku.


title: The Colbys

paragraphs: The Colbys was an American primetime soap opera. It was a spin-off of "Dynasty". It aired on ABC from November 1985 to March 1987. The stars of the series included Charlton Heston, John James, Emma Samms, Maxwell Caulfield, and Stephanie Beacham. This show was focused on the fictional rich Colby family from Los Angeles, California.


title: Paul Revere (musician)

paragraphs: Paul Revere Dick (January 7, 1938 - October 4, 2014) was an American musician and organ player. In 1958, he and other musicians founded the group "Paul Revere & the Raiders". They recorded many hits. He worked with the group until his death in 2014. Revere was born in Harvard, Nebraska.

paragraphs: Revere died from cancer in Garden Valley, Idaho, aged 76.


title: Alan Henning

paragraphs: Alan Henning (15 August 1967 – c. 3 October 2014) was a British taxicab driver-turned-humanitarian aid worker. He was the fourth Western hostage killed by Islamic State (IS). Henning was captured during IS's occupation of the Syrian city of Al-Dana in December 2013, where he was helping with humanitarian relief.

paragraphs: The British Foreign Office withheld news of Henning's capture while they attempted to negotiate his release. Henning was shown at the end of David Cawthorne Haines's execution video, released on 13 September 2014, and referred to by "Jihadi John" as the next victim. A video of Henning's beheading was released by IS on 3 October 2014.


title: Coleby Lombardo

paragraphs: Coleby Jason Lombardo (born September 7, 1978), is an American former child actor. He appeared in many movies and television series. The most popular of them was "The Colbys". In that series, he played young Scott Cassidy. He was nominated for a Young Artist Award for that role.


title: David Cawthorne Haines

paragraphs: David Cawthorne Haines (9 May 1970 – 13 September 2014) was a British aid worker. He was captured by the Islamic State in early 2013. He was later executed by beheading in early September 2014.


title: John J. Lloyd

paragraphs: John J. Lloyd (1922 – October 4, 2014) was an American art director and production designer. He was known for his work on such movies as "National Lampoon's Animal House", "The Blues Brothers", "The Thing", "Big Trouble in Little China", and "". He was born in Detroit, Michigan.

paragraphs: Lloyd died in Santa Monica, California, aged 92.


title: Vaughn O. Lang

paragraphs: Vaughn Olin Lang (November 10, 1927 – October 2, 2014) was an American lieutenant general in the United States Army. Lang began his service as 2LT at the Officers’ Basic Course at Ft. Monmouth, New Jersey in 1952. He served in the Radio-Radar Procurement Branch and in the European Trans-Atlantic Project. Lang was a general during the Vietnam War. Lang was born in Williamsburg, Pennsylvania.

paragraphs: Lang died on October 2, 2014, at his home in Vienna, Virginia, aged 86.


title: Fyodor Cherenkov

paragraphs: Fyodor Fyodorovich Cherenkov () (25 July 1959 — 4 October 2014) was a Soviet and Russian football midfielder. He played for Spartak Moscow (1977–90 and 1991–94) and Red Star Football Club (1990–91). Cherenkov made 34 appearances for USSR national football team, scoring 12 goals. He was born in Moscow, Russia.

paragraphs: Cherenkov died in Moscow, Russia, aged 55.


title: Anna Przybylska

paragraphs: Anna Przybylska (26 December 1978 – 5 October 2014) was a Polish actress and model. She was born in Gdynia, Poland. She was ranked high amongst the most beautiful Polish actresses. In 2004, she was chosen to be the Polish ambassador for the ASTOR cometics brand. Two years later, she became the European ambassador for ASTOR. She was known for her role as Jadzia in "Kariera Nikosia Dyzmy" (2002).

paragraphs: Przybylska died on 5 October 2014 from pancreatic cancer in Gdynia, Poland, aged 35.


title: Jules Bianchi

paragraphs: Jules Bianchi (3 August 1989 – 17 July 2015) was a French racing driver. He drove for the Marussia F1 team. He made his Formula One debut in 2013, driving for Marussia alongside Max Chilton. He previously raced in Formula Renault 3.5, the GP2 Series and Formula Three.

paragraphs: During the Japanese Grand Prix on 5 October, Bianchi's car crashed with a recovery vehicle which was helping to the car of Adrian Sutil, who had crashed the lap before. The race was cancelled after the crash. The FIA released a statement that CT scans have shown Bianchi suffered a "severe head injury" in the crash, and he will be transferred to intensive care following surgery. Bianchi died in Nice, France on 17 July 2015 from complications of his injuries at the age of 25.


title: Elya Baskin

paragraphs: Ilya (Elya) Zalmanovich Baskin (; ; born 11 August 1950) is a Soviet-American actor of Jewish descent. He is known for his roles in "Moscow on Hudson", "Air Force One", "The Name of the Rose", "2010", "October Sky", "Spider-Man 2", and in "".


title: Niagara Movement

paragraphs: The Niagara Movement, was a civil rights group of African-American activists who wanted equal rights for blacks. It was led by W. E. B. Du Bois. The movement opposed the Atlanta Compromise by Booker T. Washington.


title: Harvard, Nebraska

paragraphs: Harvard is a city in Clay County, Nebraska, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 1,013.


title: Division of Moncrieff

paragraphs: The Division of Moncrieff is an Australian Electoral Division in Queensland. The division was created in 1984 and is named after Gladys Moncrieff (1892-1976), an Australian singer who lived in the area.

paragraphs: Moncrieff is located in south east Queensland, and includes the central area of the Gold Coast, including Surfers Paradise.


title: Liverpool 8

paragraphs: Liverpool 8 is the fourteenth studio album by Ringo Starr. The album was released on January 15, 2008. It was his first and only studio album on the Capitol Records label.

paragraphs: "Liverpool 8" is the postal district of the Toxteth area of Liverpool where Starr was born.


title: Elissa's Quest

paragraphs: Elissa's Quest is a children's fantasy novel written by Erica Verillo. The book was first published on June 26, 2007 and has been printed again twice since then on June 24, 2008 and March 12, 2009.

paragraphs: The novel is the first in Verillo's "The Phoenix Rising" trilogy, and is followed by "Elissa's Odyssey" and "World's End". The trilogy follows 13 year old Elissa in a fantasy world where she must team up with several other gifted youngsters and grant the phoenix another regeneration- but even she does not know this. Fate must show her.

paragraphs: The book also has cover art by Omar Rayyan and is aimed for children ages 9 to 12.


title: Almansa

paragraphs: Almansa is a Spanish town and municipality in the province of Albacete. The municipality borders with Alicante, Valencia and Murcia. Almansa is famous for its "Moros y Cristianos" festival celebrated from the 1st to the 6th of May.

paragraphs: Almansa is built at the foot of a white limestone cliff. It has a Moorish castle at the top. It is in the middle of a fertile and irrigated plain. About south of the town centre there is an obelisk to remind people of the Battle of Almansa. The battle was fought there on the 25 April 1707 during the War of Spanish Succession. The Duke of Berwick who the son of James II defeated the allied British, Portuguese and Spanish troops.

paragraphs: The Sierra del Mugrón is located in the Almansa city limits.

paragraphs: The main sightseeing attraction is the 14th-century Castle of Almansa.

paragraphs: There are other important monuments, such as:

paragraphs: 8 km from the city is the reservoir of Almansa, built in 1584. This reservoir is the oldest one in Europe. 12 km from the city is the Sanctuary of Our Lady of Belen (17th century).


title: Hoot (novel)

paragraphs: Hoot is a young adult novel written by Carl Hiaasen. It was originally published in 2002. "Hoot" won the Newbery Medal in 2003.

paragraphs: The novel is about a boy named Roy Eberhardt and his friends, Beatrice Leep and Mullet Fingers. They work to save a nest of burrowing owls at a construction site.

paragraphs: The book was turned into a movie in 2006. The movie starred Logan Lerman as Roy, Brie Larson as Beatrice, Cody Linley as Mullet Fingers, Luke Wilson as David Delinko, Tim Blake Nelson as Curly Brannit, and Clark Gregg as Chuck Muckle.


title: Dolphin Song

paragraphs: Dophin Song is a children's novel by Lauren St. John. It is the second in the "Legend of the Animal Healer" series. The other books in the series are "The White Giraffe", "The Last Leopard", and "The Elephant's Tale".

paragraphs: "Dophin Song" was first published on August 1, 2007. It was published nine times from 2008 to 2010.

paragraphs: The story is about a girl named Martine. She has the ability to heal animals. She has many adventures because of her that. In this book, she and several of her schoolmates get stuck on island out in the middle of nowhere. They have to learn to get along and survive alone.


title: Beach of La Concha

paragraphs: The Beach of La Concha (, ) is a beach in the "Bay of La Concha" (Shell Bay, in Spanish, named for its shape) in San Sebastián, Basque Country. It is one of the most famous urban beaches in Europe.

paragraphs: The beach is sandy. The sand doesn't go very deep. The tide going in and out changes the amount of area that can be used. By the beach there is a long walkway. The beach is known as an urban beach in wide use.

paragraphs: "The Concha stretches out for a kilometre and a half, with the accent on elegance and delightful city views."


title: Santiago de Compostela Cathedral

paragraphs: The Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela () is a cathedral in Galicia in Spain. It is in the World Heritage Site of Santiago de Compostela. People believe that Saint James the Great, one of the apostles of Jesus, is buried there. The building is a Romanesque structure with later Gothic and Baroque additions.


title: City of Arts and Sciences

paragraphs: The City of Arts and Sciences (; ) is an entertainment-based cultural and architectural complex in the city of Valencia, Spain. It is the most important modern tourist place in the city of Valencia. It is one of the 12 Treasures of Spain.


title: Basilica of Our Lady of the Pillar

paragraphs: The Basilica–Cathedral of Our Lady of the Pillar () is a Roman Catholic church in Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. The Basilica worships Blessed Virgin Mary, under her title Our Lady of the Pillar. According to its website, this church is the first church dedicated to Mary.

paragraphs: This building is one of the 12 Treasures of Spain.


title: M60 Patton

paragraphs: The M60 Patton is a main battle tank (MBT) introduced in December 1960. The M60 became the Army's primary tank during the Cold War. When the Soviet Union got the T-54 tank, the United States decided to upgrade the M48 Patton tank. The armor was improved. It was fitted with the British L7 105 mm tank gun. The army also decided to switch from gasoline to diesel.


title: 12 Treasures of Spain

paragraphs: The 12 Treasures of Spain () was a project that selected the "Twelve Treasures of the Kingdom of Spain". The contest was done by two companies: Antena 3 and Cope. The final results were announced on 31 December 2007. Nine architectural monuments, two natural monuments and a monument pictorial were chosen.

paragraphs: In 2007 there was an international competition to choose the New Seven Wonders of the World. Four months later, Antena 3 and Onda Cero started a contest to choose the 12 Treasures of Spain. The people voted in the contest. People voted via internet and mobile phones. They received over 9,000 applications. The candidates were drawn down to 20. They were going to choose 7 Treasures of Spain. Later that number was changed to 12.

paragraphs: The twelve winners in order of votes were:


title: Calahorra Cathedral

paragraphs: The Cathedral of Santa María () is a cathedral in Calahorra, Spain. It was declared a "Bien de Interés Cultural" (Spanish property of cultural interest) in 1931.


title: Opel Karl

paragraphs: The Opel Karl is a small car from the German carmaker Opel. It is sold in the UK as a Vauxhall Viva, a name last used on a medium-sized car sold for 3 generations between 1963 and 1979.


title: Pamplona Cathedral

paragraphs: Pamplona Cathedral is a famous Roman catholic cathedral in Spain. It is the seat of archdiocese of Pamplona, Spain. It is famous for its Gothic architecture.


title: Valladolid Cathedral

paragraphs: The Cathedral of Our Lady of the Holy Assumption (), better known as Valladolid Cathedral, is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Valladolid, Spain. It was designed by Juan de Herrera.


title: Badajoz Cathedral

paragraphs: The Metropolitan Cathedral of Saint John the Baptist of Badajoz () is a Roman Catholic cathedral church in Badajoz, Extremadura, western Spain. It is the seat of the Archdiocese of Mérida-Badajoz.


title: Oviedo Cathedral

paragraphs: The Metropolitan Cathedral Basilica of the Holy Saviour or Cathedral of San Salvador (, ) is a Roman Catholic cathedral and minor basilica in the centre of Oviedo, in the Asturias region of northern Spain.

paragraphs: Many styles of architectural styles were used in building the cathedral. They include Romanesque, Gothic and Renaissance. It began as a large Pre-Romanesque basilica in the present location of the Gothic cathedral. That first building was built by order of King Alfonso II of Asturias.

paragraphs: The Cathedral was founded by King Fruela I of Asturias in 781 AD. In 802, his son Alfonso II of Asturias made it bigger. He made Oviedo the capital of the Kingdom of Asturias.


title: La Seo Cathedral

paragraphs: The Cathedral of the Savior () is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Zaragoza, Spain. It is part of the World Heritage Site "Mudéjar Architecture of Aragon".


title: Alcazaba of Almería

paragraphs: The Alcazaba of Almería is a fortified complex in Almería, southern Spain. The word "alcazaba", from the Arabic word "Kasbah|al-qasbah", means a walled-fortification in a city.

paragraphs: The Alcazaba of Almería was one of 100 finalists for the 12 Treasures of Spain in 2007.


title: Cabo de Gata-Níjar Natural Park

paragraphs: "Cabo de Gata-Níjar" Natural Park is in the south-eastern corner of Spain. It is Andalusia's largest coastal protected area. It is a wild and isolated landscape with some of Europe's most original geological features. It is the only region in Europe with a Warm Desert climate.

paragraphs: Cabo de Gata-Níjar was one of 100 finalists for the 12 Treasures of Spain in 2007.


title: Palacio de la Magdalena

paragraphs: The Palacio de la Magdalena (Spanish for Magdalena Palace) is an early 20th-century palace in Spain. It is on the Magdalena Peninsula of the city of Santander, Cantabria.

paragraphs: The Palacio de la Magdalena was one of 100 finalists for the 12 Treasures of Spain in 2007.

paragraphs: Construction of the palace was started in 1908 by the local government of Santander. The palace was built to be a place where the royal family of Spain would live for part of the year.


title: Defensin

paragraphs: Defensins are small cation proteins found in animals and plants. They are host defence peptides. They work against bacteria, fungi and many viruses.

paragraphs: Defensins have 18-45 amino acids including six to eight conserved cysteine residues. Cells of the immune system have these peptides to help kill phagocytosed bacteria. Those cells include neutrophil granulocytes and almost all epithelial cells. Most defensins work by binding to the microbial cell membrane. Once there, they make tiny holes in the membrane which allow vital ions and nutrients to leak out.


title: Málaga Cathedral

paragraphs: The Cathedral of Málaga is a Renaissance cathedral in the city of Málaga in Andalusia, Spain. It was constructed between 1528 and 1782.

paragraphs: The cathedral, built on a rectangular floor plan, is composed of a nave and two aisles. The nave is wider but has the same height as the aisles. The choir stalls are the work of Pedro de Mena.


title: Expecting Amish

paragraphs: Expecting Amish is a 2014 drama made for television movie. It was shown on the Lifetime channel.

paragraphs: A 18-year-old girl Hannah Yoder is about to join the church and get married. She decided she likes better the Hollywood life style even it means she will never see her family again.


title: Girona Cathedral

paragraphs: The Cathedral of Saint Mary of Girona is the cathedral church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Girona, located in Girona, Catalonia, Spain. Its interior includes the widest Gothic nave in the world. It has a width of . In size it is second only to St. Peter's Basilica. By comparison, the width of the nave of Reims is , Saint-Étienne de Sens, m and , in Notre Dame de Paris.


title: Garajonay National Park

paragraphs: Garajonay National Park () is one of the national parks of Spain. It is located in the center and north of the island of La Gomera which is one of the Canary Islands off the coast of Morocco.

paragraphs: It is named for Alto de Garajonay which is the highest peak on the island. The park is usually covered by clouds which helps preserve over 150 species of plants. Garajonay became a national park in 1981. It was declared as World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1986. It occupies 40 km (15 sq mi) and it extends into each of the six municipalities on the island.


title: Santa María del Naranco

paragraphs: The church of St Mary at Mount Naranco () is a Roman Catholic church in Oviedo, northern Spain. It was built in 848 as a royal palace for King Ramiro I of Asturias. It was changed into a church during the 13th century. Santa María church is an example of Asturian pre-Romanesque architecture. In 1985 it was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. It was declared "Bien de Interés Cultural" in 1885. The Church of St Mary at Mount Naranco was one of 100 finalists for the 12 Treasures of Spain in 2007.


title: Royal Palace of Aranjuez

paragraphs: The Royal Palace of Aranjuez () is one of the places the King of Spain lives. It is located in the town of Aranjuez, Community of Madrid, Spain. The palace is open to the public as one of the Spanish royal sites.

paragraphs: It was originally the site of a medieval hunting lodge. Philip II built it as a modest summer palace. The palace was designed by Juan Bautista de Toledo and Juan de Herrera who also designed El Escorial. Later kings kept adding to it. It was completed during the reign of Ferdinand VI in the mid-18th century. Charles III added two wings to it. By that time the palace had over 300 rooms.

paragraphs: The Royal Palace of Aranjuez was one of 100 finalists for the 12 Treasures of Spain in 2007.


title: Host defence peptide

paragraphs: Host defence peptides (or antimicrobial peptides) are part of the innate immune response. They are found among all classes of life.

paragraphs: They act against invading microorganisms. The peptides kill Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria. This includes strains which are resistant to conventional antibiotics. The peptides also work against mycobacteria (including "Mycobacterium tuberculosis"), enveloped viruses, fungi and even transformed or cancerous cells.

paragraphs: These peptides are excellent candidates for medical use. They complement conventional antibiotic therapy. They have a broad range of activity, and are bactericidal as opposed to bacteriostatic. They need only a short contact time to kill bacteria.

paragraphs: There are big differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells as targets for antimicrobial peptides. These peptides are potent, broad spectrum antibiotics. Unlike most antibiotics it seems that antimicrobial peptides may also improve immunity by working as immunomodulators (beefing up the immune system).


title: Mar Menor

paragraphs: Mar Menor (, "Minor sea") is a salty lagoon, in the southeast of the autonomous community of Murcia, in Spain. It separated from the Mediterranean sea by La Manga, a sandbar in length and with a width ranging from to .

paragraphs: It belongs to four municipalities: Cartagena, Los Alcázares, San Javier and San Pedro del Pinatar. It has a surface area of . It has a perimeter of . The warm and clear water is no more than in depth. It was called ""the largest swimming pool in the world"", by famous swimmer and Hollywood actress Esther Williams.

paragraphs: The water has a high salt content which aids in flotation. It is one of the most popular places in Europe for a wide variety of water sports.

paragraphs: First the Phoenicians and then the Moorish kings, chose this "small sea" as the site of their summer residences. Today, this area attracts all those who seek a quiet place to rest and relax. There are ideal weather conditions all year round.

paragraphs: At the northern end there are salt marshes which include a wetland of international importance. This area is conserved as a natural park run by the local government. Its Spanish name is "". The microbes that live in this coastal lagoon have been recently described.

paragraphs: In 1994 the Mar Menor was on the Ramsar Convention list for the conservation and sustainable use of wetlands. The Mar Menor is also part of a Specially Protected Area of Mediterranean Importance and is a Special Protection Area ("ZEPA" in Spanish) for bird life.

paragraphs: The Mar Menor was one of the top 100 finalists for 12 Treasures of Spain announced on 31 December 2007.


title: Fury (2014 movie)

paragraphs: Fury is a 2014 American war movie starring Brad Pitt. It is set in Germany in April 1945. The release date was October 17, 2014.


title: Palacio de Galiana

paragraphs: The Palacio de Galiana is a palace in Toledo, Spain. It is on the borders of the Tagus River. It was built where there had been a summer house and garden of the king Al-Mamun, the king of the Taifa of Toledo. It was built in the thirteenth century by king Alphonso X.


title: Poblet Monastery

paragraphs: The Royal Abbey of Santa Maria de Poblet () is a Cistercian monastery. The abbey is located at the feet of the Prades Mountains, in the comarca of Conca de Barberà, in Catalonia (Spain). It was founded in 1150 by Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona. It was the first of three monasteries that made up the "Cistercian triangle". The other two were Vallbona de les Monges and Santes Creus. The main architect was Arnau Bargués.

paragraphs: The following kings and queens of Aragon are buried at the Poblet Monastery:


title: Cysteine

paragraphs: Cysteine (abbreviated as Cys or C) is an α-amino acid. It has the chemical formula HOCCH(NH)CHSH.

paragraphs: Cysteine is a semi-essential amino acid, which means that humans can make it. The codons UGU and UGC code for cysteine. The thiol side chain in cysteine often does enzyme reactions as a nucleophile. The thiol oxidises to give the disulfide derivative cystine, which is important in many protein structures. When used as a food additive, cysteine has the E number E920.


title: Lugo Cathedral

paragraphs: Saint Mary's Cathedral (), better known as Lugo Cathedral, is a Roman Catholic cathedral and basilica. It is located in Lugo, Galicia (Spain). It was built starting from the early 12th century. It was started in the Romanesque style. During its construction the style changed to Gothic and Baroque architecture.

paragraphs: The cathedral has a Latin cross floor plan, with a length of . It has a nave, covered by a barrel vault, and two aisles, with an ambulatory and five apse chapels.


title: Terrassa Cathedral

paragraphs: Terrassa Cathedral, or the Cathedral Basilica of the Holy Spirit (, ), is a Roman Catholic cathedral on the plaça Vella of Terrassa. It is the seat of the Diocese of Terrassa.


title: Teruel Cathedral

paragraphs: The Cathedral of Teruel is a church in Teruel, Aragon, Spain. It belongs to St. Mary. It is a notable example of Mudéjar architecture. Since 1986, it has been part of the UNESCO Heritage site Mudéjar Architecture of Aragon.

paragraphs: The bell tower is one of the best preserved Mudéjar towers in Spain. It is square. It has three floors. It is decorated with azulejos (painted tiles) and ceramic glaze. At the top is an octagonal lantern from the 18th century.


title: Monfragüe

paragraphs: Monfragüe is a comarca (country, with no administrative role) of Extremadura, western Spain. It contains one of the country's fifteen National Parks, "".

paragraphs: Since 1979, the area has been protected as a natural park.

paragraphs: Monfragüe was one of 100 finalists for the 12 Treasures of Spain in 2007.


title: Sierra Nevada National Park

paragraphs: The Sierra Nevada National Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Sierra Nevada) is a national park in Spain. It is in the Granada and Almería provinces. Its area is .

paragraphs: Sierra Nevada was one of 100 finalists for the 12 Treasures of Spain in 2007.

paragraphs: There are more than 20 peaks over . The highest are Mulhacén (), Veleta () and Alcazaba ().


title: Baeza Cathedral

paragraphs: The Cathedral of Baeza (), in full the Cathedral of the Nativity of Our Lady of Baeza () is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Baeza, Andalusia, Spain. It was built in the styles of the Renaissance. It is part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site with other monuments in Baeza and the nearby city of Úbeda. The cathedral was one of 100 nominees for the 12 Treasures of Spain in 2007.


title: Tower of Hercules

paragraphs: The Tower of Hercules (Galician and ) is an ancient Roman lighthouse in Spain. It is on a peninsula about from the centre of A Coruña, Galicia.

paragraphs: The tower is a National Monument of Spain. Since June 27, 2009, it has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is the second tallest lighthouse in Spain, after the Faro de Chipiona.

paragraphs: The Tower of Hercules was one of 100 finalists for the 12 Treasures of Spain in 2007.


title: Monasteries of San Millán de la Cogolla

paragraphs: The monasteries of San Millán de Suso (6th century) and San Millán de Yuso (11th century) are two monasteries in the village of San Millán de la Cogolla, La Rioja, Spain. They were designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in December 1997.

paragraphs: The first written text in spanish and euskera was found there in the book called “glosas Emilianenses”.This treasure is the reason why this place is part of the human patrimony.

paragraphs: The monasteries were one of 100 finalists for the 12 Treasures of Spain in 2007.


title: Latin cross

paragraphs: A Latin cross or Crux immissa is a type of cross in which the vertical beam sticks above the crossbeam. This is the main representation of the cross by which Jesus Christ was crucified. The Latin cross began as a Roman Catholic emblem but later became a universal symbol of Christianity. If displayed upside down it is called St. Peter's Cross because he was reputedly executed on this type of cross. When displayed sideways it is called St. Philip's cross for the same reason.

paragraphs: A Latin cross plan is a floor plan found in many cathedrals and churches. When looked at from above or in plan view it takes the shape of a Latin cross ("crux immissa"). The Latin cross plans have a nave with aisles or chapels, or both and a transept that forms the arms of the cross. It also has at least one apse that traditionally faces east. Many also have a narthex at the entry.


title: Ambulatory

paragraphs: The ambulatory (Medieval Latin "ambulatorium") is the covered passage around a cloister. The term is sometimes applied to the procession way around the east end of a cathedral or large church. This is usually behind the high altar.


title: Barrel vault

paragraphs: A barrel vault, also known as a tunnel vault or a wagon vault, is a type of ceiling. It is an architectural element formed by the extension of a simple arch. It forms the shape of a semicircle over parallel walls.


title: Hunter Pence

paragraphs: Hunter Andrew Pence (born April 13, 1983) is an American Major League Baseball player. Pence plays for the San Francisco Giants. He plays the position outfielder. He previously played for the Houston Astros and Philadelphia Phillies. Pence is tall. He weighs . He bats and throws right-handed. Pence was with the San Francisco Giants when they won the World Series in 2012.


paragraphs: Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (short PUC-MG) is a university of the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. It was established in 1958. It is one of the five largest universities in Brazil. In 2010 it was nominated the best private university in Brazil by Best Universities.


title: Walls of Ávila

paragraphs: The Walls of Ávila in central Spain were completed between the 11th and 12th centuries. They are the city's principal historic feature.

paragraphs: The work was started in 1090 by Raymond of Burgundy. Most of the walls appear to have been rebuilt in the 12th century. The enclosed area is a rectangle of with a perimeter of some , including 90 semicircular crenellated towers. The walls have an average width of . They have an average height of . The wall has nine fortified gates. The Puerta de San Vicente (Gate of St Vincent) and Puerta del Alcazar (Gate of the Fortress) are flanked by twin towers, high, linked by a semicircular arch. The apse of the cathedral also forms one of the towers. The fortifications are the most complete in Spain.

paragraphs: It is possible to walk on the walls for about half their circumference. Some of the walls will never be able to be walked on because they are connected to other buildings. There is a large section of the walls that have not been made safe for people.

paragraphs: The site was registered as a National Monument in 1884. In 1985, the old city of Ávila and its extramural churches were declared a World Heritage site by UNESCO.

paragraphs: The walls were one of finalists for the 12 Treasures of Spain in 2007.


title: Intersection (movie)

paragraphs: Intersection is a 1994 drama movie. The movie is about an architect who has flashbacks when his Mercedes crashes. Lolita Davidovich plays Olivia Marshak. Sharon Stone plays Sally Eastman. Jennifer Morrison also stars in the movie.

paragraphs: The reviews of the movie were negative. It did poorly in the box office.


title: Hanging Houses of Cuenca

paragraphs: The Casas Colgadas (Hanging Houses), also known as Casas Voladas, Casas del Rey is a complex of houses located in Cuenca, Spain. Houses of this kind were frequent along the eastern border of the ancient city in the past. They hang on the cliffs over the Huécar River gorge. Today there are only a few of the houses still there. The most well known is a group of three with wooden balconies. The houses date to the 14th century. Through the years they have been refurbished a few times. The most recent took place during the 1920s. They have been used as individual homes. They have also been used as council houses. Now they are the host to a "mesón", a type of restaurant, and the Museo de Arte Abstracto Español (Spanish Abstract Art Museum), in Cuenca.

paragraphs: The Casas Colgadas were one of 100 finalists for the 12 Treasures of Spain in 2007.


title: Blink (movie)

paragraphs: Blink is a 1994 American neo noir crime drama mystery movie. It is set in Chicago. The movie is about a young blind musician. She has surgery that makes her see again. Madeleine Stowe plays Emma Brody. Laurie Metcalf plays Candice.

paragraphs: This movie got mixed to positive reviews.


title: David Chavchavadze

paragraphs: Prince David Chavchavadze (20 May 1924 – 5 October 2014) was an British-born American author and civil servant. He was a former Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) officer for the United States. He is of a Georgian-Russian origin. He was born in London, England.

paragraphs: Chavchavadze died in his sleep on 5 October 2014 in Washington, D.C., after a long illness, aged 90.


title: Serhiy Zakarlyuka

paragraphs: Serhiy Volodymyrovych Zakarlyuka (17 August 1976 – 6 October 2014) was a Ukrainian footballer and football manager.

paragraphs: Zakarlyuka has played for a number of clubs in Ukraine and played for the Ukraine national team on 9 occasions between 2002 and 2004.

paragraphs: On 6 October 2014, Zakarlyuka was killed in the traffic accident just outside of Poltava.


title: Palma Cathedral

paragraphs: The Cathedral of Santa Maria of Palma is a Gothic Roman Catholic cathedral located in Palma, Majorca, Spain. It was built on the site of a pre-existing Arab mosque. It is 121 metres long and 55 metres wide. Its nave is 44 metres tall.

paragraphs: The cathedral was styled in the Catalan Gothic style. It has Northern European influences. The building was it was started by King James I of Aragon in 1229. It was finished building in 1601. It sits within the old city of Palma. It is on top of the former citadel of the Roman city. It is between the Royal Palace of La Almudaina and the episcopal palace. It overlooks the "Parc de la Mar" and the Mediterranean Sea.

paragraphs: Fifty years after a restoration of the cathedral had started in 1901 Antoni Gaudí was invited to take over the project. Some of his ideas were adopted. He moved the choir stalls from the middle nave to be closer to the altar. He also made a large canopy. Gaudí abandoned his work in 1914 after an argument with the contractor. The planned changes were cosmetic rather than structural. The project was cancelled soon after.

paragraphs: The Cathedral of Santa Maria of Palma was one of 100 finalists for the 12 Treasures of Spain in 2007.


title: Zzyzx, California

paragraphs: Zzyzx , formerly Camp Soda and Soda Springs, is an unincorporated community in San Bernardino County, California, United States. It is within the boundaries of Mojave National Preserve.


title: Anna Maria Gherardi

paragraphs: Anna Maria Gherardi (21 March 1939 – 5 October 2014) was an Italian actress and voice actress. She was known for her roles in "Lost Love" and in "Petomaniac". She was born in Bologna, Italy.


title: Peer Augustinski

paragraphs: Peer Augustinski (June 25, 1940 – October 3, 2014) was a German actor and voice actor. He was born in Berlin. He was the official German dub-over artist of Robin Williams. Augustinski voice dubbed nearly all of Williams' work such as "Awakenings", "Toys", "Good Will Hunting", "Aladdin", and "Dead Poets Society".


title: Time Warner Cable News NY1

paragraphs: NY1 (also known as Time Warner Cable News NY1 and spoken as "New York One") is an American cable news television channel. It is owned by Time Warner Cable. The channel provides 24-hour news coverage, with a focus on the five boroughs of New York City. Its programming primarily features news and weather forecasts. NY1 also features specialty programs such as "Inside City Hall" (which is renamed "Road to City Hall" during New York City mayoral elections).


title: Winter Solstice (band)

paragraphs: Winter Solstice is an American christian metalcore band formed in 2000. The group split up in 2006.


title: Palmeral of Elche

paragraphs: The Palmeral or Palm Grove of Elche (Spanish: "Palmeral de Elche", Valencian: "Palmerar d'Elx") is the generic name for the date palm orchards in the city of Elche (Spain).

paragraphs: In the urban area of Elche there are a total of 97 different orchards. They contain about 70,000 date palms. Most of them are in the east bank of the Vinalopó. This number does not include other large plantations located around the city. The total may be near 200,000 palms. The Palm Grove covers over , including in the city of Elche.

paragraphs: It is the only palm grove of its type anywhere in Europe. It is the largest in the world. The Palm Grove of Elche was one of 100 finalists for the 12 Treasures of Spain in 2007.


title: Rolling coal

paragraphs: Rolling coal is a term used to describe the result of intentionally removing the pollution controls on diesel trucks or cars. This causes the vehicle to produce black, sooty exhaust. Participants often "roll coal" on pedestrians, bicyclists and drivers of hybrid vehicles.

paragraphs: Pollution controls such as exhaust filters are removed. Additionally, the vehicle may be modified to deliver more fuel to the engine than usual. The turbocharger may also be disabled.

paragraphs: In most countries, rolling coal is prohibited by anti-pollution laws, for example, in the United States it is prohibited by the Clean Air Act.


title: Park Güell

paragraphs: The Park Güell (Catalan: "Parc Güell") is a public park system of gardens and architectonic elements. It is located on Carmelo Hill, in Barcelona (Spain). Carmelo Hill belongs to the mountain range of Sierra de Collserola — the Parque del Carmelo (Catalan: "Parc del Carmel") is located on the northern face. Park Güell is located in La Salut, a neighborhood in the Gràcia district of Barcelona. With urbanization in mind, Eusebi Güell gave the design of the park to architect Antoni Gaudí. He designed the park in the Catalonian modernism style. The park was built between 1900 and 1914. It opened as a public park in 1926.

paragraphs: In 1984, UNESCO declared the park a World Heritage Site under “Works of Antoni Gaudí”.

paragraphs: Park Güell was one of 100 finalists for the 12 Treasures of Spain in 2007.


title: Edward Albee

paragraphs: Edward Franklin Albee III ( ; March 12, 1928 – September 16, 2016) was an American playwright. He was known for works such as "The Zoo Story" (1958), "The Sandbox" (1959), "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?" (1962), and a rewrite of the book for the unsuccessful musical "Breakfast at Tiffany's" (1966), an adaptation of Truman Capote's 1958 novella of the same name.

paragraphs: Albee was openly gay and stated that he first knew he was gay at age 12 and a half.

paragraphs: Albee died on September 16, 2016 at his home in Montauck, New York from complications of diabetes, aged 88.


title: Why, Arizona

paragraphs: Why (O'odham: Ban Hi:nk) is a tiny unincorporated rural community in Pima County, Arizona, United States.

paragraphs: Why is near the western border of the Tohono O'Odham Indian Reservation. It is due north of Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument in Southern Arizona.

paragraphs: Why is about thirty miles north of the Mexican border where Lukeville, Arizona, and Sonoita, Sonora, Mexico, border each other. It is ten miles south of Ajo, Arizona.


title: Logic programming

paragraphs: Logic programming is using mathematical logic to write computer programs. There are specialized programming languages where the user can directly enter logical statements. Probably the best-known of these languages is called Prolog. Alonzo Church used a form of logic programming in what is known as lambda calculus today. Logic programming has also been used in LISP.

paragraphs: Programs consist of a set of rules and facts. In most cases, logic programming uses what is called negation as failure or "weak negation:" This means that if it is not possible to derive some clause formula_1 from the facts and rules, the system will assume that its negation is true.


title: Besmilr Brigham

paragraphs: Besmilr Brigham (1913-2000) was an American poet. She also wrote short stories.

paragraphs: Brigham was born Bess Miller Moore in Pace, Mississippi. She graduated from Mary Hardin-Baylor College (now University of Mary Hardin–Baylor) in Belton, Texas. After that, she studied at the New School for Social Research in New York. In New York she met Roy Brigham. Then she married him.

paragraphs: According to the "Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture", "She came to prominence during the women’s movement of the 1960s, and her work is noted for its innovative structure, sound, and rhythm."

paragraphs: Brigham is also known as Besmilr Moore Brigham. The Besmilr Women Writers Award is named after her.


title: Rule of inference

paragraphs: In logic, a rule of inference, inference rule, or transformation rule is a logical form consisting of a function which takes premises, analyzes their syntax, and returns a conclusion. For example, the rule of inference called "modus ponens" takes two premises, one in the form "If p then q" and another in the form "p", and returns the conclusion "q". The rule is valid with respect to the semantics of classical logic, in the sense that if the premises are true, then so is the conclusion.

paragraphs: Typically, a rule of inference preserves truth, a semantic property. In many-valued logic, it preserves a general designation. But a rule of inference's action is purely syntactic, and does not need to preserve any semantic property: any function from sets of formulae to formulae counts as a rule of inference. Usually only rules that are recursive are important; i.e. rules such that there is an effective procedure for determining whether any given formula is the conclusion of a given set of formulae according to the rule.

paragraphs: Popular rules of inference in propositional logic include "modus ponens", "modus tollens", and contraposition. First-order predicate logic uses rules of inference to deal with logical quantifiers.


title: Logical quantifier

paragraphs: In logic, a quantifier is a way to state that a certain number of elements fulfill some criteria. For example, every natural number has another natural number larger than it. In this example, the word "every" is a quantifier. Therefore, the sentence "every natural number has another natural number larger than it" is a quantified expression.

paragraphs: Quantifiers and quantified expressions are a useful part of formal languages. They are useful because they let rigorous statements claim how widespread a criteria is. Two basic kinds of quantifiers used in predicate logic are universal and existential quantifiers. A universal quantifier states that all the elements considered fulfill the criteria. The universal quantifier is symbolized with "∀", an upside down "A", to stand for "all". An existence quantifier (symbolized with "∃") states that at least one element considered fits the criteria. The existential quantifier is symbolized with "∃", a backwards "E", to stand for "exists".

paragraphs: Quantifiers are also used in natural languages. Examples of quantifiers in English include "for all", "for some", "many", "few", "a lot", and "no".

paragraphs: This is a problem for formal languages, since a formal statement needs to be finite in length. These problems can be avoided by using "universal quantification". This results in the following compact statement:

paragraphs: In the same way, we can shorten an infinite sequence of statements joined by "or" such as:

paragraphs: by rewriting it using "existential quantification":

paragraphs: The two quantifiers most widely used are the universal quantifier and the existence quantifier.

paragraphs: The universal quantifier is used to claim that for elements in a set, the elements all match some criteria. Usually, this statement "for all elements" is shortened to an "A" flipped upside down, which is "∀".

paragraphs: The existential quantifier is used to claim that for elements in a set, there exists at least one element that matches some criteria. Usually, this statement "there exists an element" is shortened to an "E" flipped upside down, which is "∃".

paragraphs: English statements can be often rewritten using symbols, predicates representing criteria, and quantifiers. One example is "Each of Peter's friends either likes to dance or likes to go to the beach". Let "X" be the set of all Peter's friends. Let "P"("x") be the predicate ""x" likes to dance". Let "Q"("x") be the predicate ""x" likes to go to the beach". We can rewrite the example using formal notation as formula_1. The statement can be read as "For every "x" that is a member of "X", "P" applies to "x" or "Q" applies to "x"."

paragraphs: There are other ways to use quantifiers in formal language. Each of the following statements below says the same thing as formula_2:

paragraphs: There are a few more ways to represent the universal quantifier:

paragraphs: Several statements above explicitly include "X", the set of elements that the quantifier applies to. This set of elements is also known as the range of quantification, or the universe of discourse. Some of the statements above do not include such a set. In this case, the set will have to be specified before the statement. For example, ""x" is an apple" must be stated before formula_12. In this case, we are making a statement that at least one apple fits the predicate "P".

paragraphs: Using quantifiers formally does not require using the symbol "x". In fact, other symbols, such as "y" and "z", can also be used. However, one must be careful not to use the same symbol to refer to two different things.

paragraphs: It is important to put quantifiers in the right order. Below is an example of an English sentence showing how meaning changes with order:

paragraphs: This statement is true. It states that every natural number has a square. However, if we turn the order of the quantifiers around:

paragraphs: then the statement is false. It claims that there is one natural number "s" that is the square of "every" natural number.

paragraphs: In certain circumstances, changing the order of quantifiers does not change the meaning of the statement. For instance:

paragraphs: There are also less common quantifiers used by mathematicians.

paragraphs: An example is the solution quantifier. It is used to state which elements solve a particular equation. The solution quantifier is represented by a § (section sign). For example, the following statement claims the squares of 0, 1 and 2 are smaller than 4. :formula_13

paragraphs: Term logic was developed by Aristotle. It was an early form of logic, and included quantification. The use of quantification was closer to that of natural language. This meant that statements in term logic with quantifiers were less suited for formal analysis. Term logic included quantifiers for "All", "Some" and "No" (none) in 4th century BC.

paragraphs: In 1879, Gottlob Frege created a notation for universal quantification. Unlike the modern notation, he would represent a universal quantification by writing a variable over a dimple in an otherwise straight line. Frege did not create a notation for existential quantification. Instead, he combined universal quantification and a number of negations to make an equivalent statement. Frege's use of quantification was not widely known until Bertrand Russell's 1903 "Principles of Mathematics".

paragraphs: In 1885, Charles Sanders Peirce and his student Oscar Howard Mitchell also created a notation for universal and existential quantifiers. They wrote Π and Σ where we now write ∀"x" and ∃"x". Pierce's notation was used by many mathematicians into the 1950s.

paragraphs: In 1897, William Ernest Johnson and Giuseppe Peano created another notation for universal and existential quantification. They were influenced by Pierce's previous quantification notation. Johnson and Peano used the simple ("x") for universal quantification, and ∃"x" for existential quantification. Peano's influence on math spread this notation across Europe.

paragraphs: In 1935, Gerhard Gentzen created the ∀ symbol for universal quantification. It was not widely used until the 1960s.


title: Universal quantifier

paragraphs: In mathematics and logic, the universal quantifier is a quantifier used to state that a proposition applies to all elements in the universe of discourse. An example that uses this quantifier would be the proposition "All men are mortal". Usually, a turned A (∀) is used to denote the universal quantifier, "for all x" is written as either "∀x", "∀(x)".

paragraphs: Predicate logic and syllogisms look at the properties of universal quantification.

paragraphs: Propositions can be falsified. To falsify a proposition which contains a universal quantifier, it is sufficient to find one element of the universe of discourse where the proposition is false. This element is known as a counterexample.


title: Existence quantifier

paragraphs: In mathematics and logic, the existence quantifier is a quantifier used to state that a proposition is true for at least one element in the universe of discourse. The existence quantifier is commonly written as formula_1 (a mirrored E), and is read as "there exists". An example involving an existence quantifier is the statement "some natural number is equal to 3+5", which can be written as formula_2.

paragraphs: In general, a statement of the form formula_3 is true if there is an "x" in the universe of discourse satisfying the predicate formula_4, and is false otherwise. An existence quantifier is different from a universal quantifier, which is used to state that a proposition is true for "all" elements in the universe of discourse.


title: Universe of discourse

paragraphs: In mathematics, the universe of discourse or domain of discourse is a set of all elements to which a function applies. A variable can take any of the values in its universe of discourse.


title: The Banger Sisters

paragraphs: The Banger Sisters is a 2002 American comedy drama movie. The movie is about two middle-aged women who were groupies when they were young. Goldie Hawn plays Suzette. Susan Sarandon plays Vinnie.

paragraphs: This movie was released in September of 2002. It made quite a bit of money at the box office.


title: Maid in Manhattan

paragraphs: Maid in Manhattan is a 2002 romantic comedy-drama movie. It is about a hotel maid and a politician who fall in love with each other. Jennifer Lopez plays Marisa. Ralph Fiennes plays Christopher. Natasha Richardson plays Caroline.

paragraphs: This movie got negative reviews from critics. It made lots of money anyway. This movie was released in December 2002.


title: Bryan McCabe

paragraphs: Bryan McCabe (born June 8, 1975) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey defenceman. He played a career total of 1135 games in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the New York Islanders, Vancouver Canucks, Chicago Blackhawks, Toronto Maple Leafs, Florida Panthers, and the New York Rangers.

paragraphs: Before playing in the NHL, McCabe played 2 seasons with the Medicine Hat Tigers, 3 seasons with the Spokane Chiefs and 1 season with the Brandon Wheat Kings of the Western Hockey League (WHL).

paragraphs: He was drafted with the 40th overall by the New York Islanders in the 1993 NHL Entry Draft. Halfway through his third season with the Islanders, McCabe was traded along with Todd Bertuzzi and a third round draft pick in 1998 (Jarkko Ruutu) to the Vancouver Canucks for Trevor Linden on February 6, 1998.

paragraphs: During his time with the Canucks, he played one and a half seasons with them before he was traded to the Chicago Blackhawks along with their first round draft pick in 2000 for the Blackhawks' first round draft pick in 1999.

paragraphs: On October 2, 2000, after he had 6-goal, 25-point season with the Blackhawks in the 1999–2000 season, McCabe was traded to the Toronto Maple Leafs for Alexander Karpovtsev and a fourth round draft choice (Vladimir Gusev) in the 2001 NHL Entry Draft. McCabe had a good 2001–02 season with Toronto, having a 17-goal, 43-point breakout season, as well as, 53 points two seasons later, ending in a fourth-place finish in Norris Trophy voting Second Team All-Star honours.

paragraphs: During the 2004–05 NHL lockout, McCabe played in the Swedish Elitserien with HV71. He didn't have a good time with HV71, recording one goal, 30 penalty minutes and a -12 rating over ten games. He exercised an escape clause in his contract before he went to a game against Södertälje SK where he was supposed to be a healthy scratch for them.

paragraphs: When the lockout ended, he returned to the Maple Leafs. He recorded a career high 19 goals, 49 assists and 68 points in 73 games with the Maple Leafs. He finished the season third overall in points among defencemen, behind Nicklas Lidström and Sergei Zubov.

paragraphs: On June 28, 2006, he signed a 5-year deal with the Leafs worth $28.75 million with a no-movement clause. The next seasons, he recorded 57 points in 82 games the following season. On October 15, 2007, during the dying seconds of overtime against the Buffalo Sabres, McCabe scored in his own net. The goal was credited to Paul Gaustad.

paragraphs: On September 2, 2008, the Maple Leafs traded McCabe along with a fourth round draft pick in 2010 to the Florida Panthers for Mike Van Ryn. On September 23, 2009, he was named as the Panthers' captain.

paragraphs: On February 26, 2011, the Panthers traded him to the New York Rangers for Tim Kennedy and a 3rd round draft pick.

paragraphs: On February 15, 2012, McCabe announced that he was retiring from professional ice hockey.


title: Jean-Yves Leroux

paragraphs: Jean-Yves Leroux (born June 24, 1976) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey left winger. He played a career total of 220 games in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played his entire NHL career with the Chicago Blackhawks.

paragraphs: Before playing in the NHL, Leroux played 4 seasons with the Beauport Harfangs of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL).

paragraphs: He was drafted with the 40th overall by the Chicago Blackhawks in the 1994 NHL Entry Draft. Before he played with the Blackhawks, he played a seasons with the Indianapolis Ice of the International Hockey League (IHL). During his time with the Blackhawks, he recorded an overall total of 16 goals, 22 assists, 38 points, 146 penalty minutes. On October 01, 2001, the Blackhawks sent Leroux down to their AHL-affiliate Norfolk Admirals. Leroux left the NHL after the 2000–01 NHL season.

paragraphs: He retired from playing professional ice hockey in 2010.


title: Maspalomas Dunes

paragraphs: The Maspalomas Dunes are sand dunes located on the south coast of the island of Gran Canaria, Province of Las Palmas in the Canary Islands. A 404 hectare area of the municipality of San Bartolomé de Tirajana, they have been protected as a nature reserve. They are one of 100 finalists for the 12 Treasures of Spain in 2007.


title: Timanfaya National Park

paragraphs: Timanfaya National Park () is a Spanish national park in the southwestern part of the island of Lanzarote, Canary Islands. It covers parts of the municipalities Tinajo and Yaiza. The area is . The parkland is entirely made up of volcanic soil.

paragraphs: Timanfaya National Park is one of 100 finalists for the 12 Treasures of Spain in 2007.

paragraphs: The greatest recorded eruptions occurred between 1730 and 1736.


title: León Cathedral

paragraphs: Santa María de León Cathedral, also called "The House of Light" or the "Pulchra Leonina" is situated in the city of León in north-western Spain. It is the third Roman Catholic cathedral to be built on the site of what was originally a Roman bath. The first cathedral was built by King Ordoño II of León. It was probably built in the Mozarabic style but was damaged in the 990s. The second cathedral was consecrated in 1073. It was built in the Romanesque style of architecture. The present Gothic style cathedral was started in 1255. It was completed about 50 years later. The cathedral has some of the finest examples of stained glass windows in all of Europe.


title: Las Médulas

paragraphs: Las Médulas (As Médulas or As Meduas in Galician language) is a historical site near the town of Ponferrada, Spain. It used to be the most important gold mine in the Roman Empire. In order to remove the gold, the Romans washed away an entire mountain. From the 2nd to the 4th century AD the Romans used slaves to mine about 900 tons of gold. It left a series of rock pinnacles, gullies, caves and tunnels. Las Médulas is listed by the UNESCO as one of the World Heritage Sites.


title: Roman Walls of Lugo

paragraphs: The Roman Walls of Lugo (Spanish, Galician: "Muralla Romana de Lugo") were constructed in the 3rd century AD. The walls were created as late Roman Empire fortifications. They are still largely intact today. They stretch over around the historic centre of Lugo in Galicia (Spain). Located on a hilltop the walls have a wide ditch directly in front of them. The walls average about in height and are up to thick. At the front of the wall there are a series of semicircular towers up to in diameter. The walls are constructed of schist from the local area. The walls have been declared a World Heritage site.


title: La Seu Vella, Lleida

paragraphs: The La Seu Vella (also called Cathedral of St. Mary of La Seu Vella; Catalan and Spanish: "Catedral de Santa Maria de la Seu Vella", ) is the Roman catholic cathedral of the Diocese of Lleida. It is in Lleida, Catalonia, Spain, on top of Lleida hill.


title: Reichssicherheitshauptamt

paragraphs: The RSHA, or Reichssicherheitshauptamt (Reich Main Security Office or Reich Security Main Office or Reich Security Head Office) was an organization headed by Heinrich Himmler. This was in his dual capacities as "Chef der Deutschen Polizei" (Chief of German Police) and "Reichsführer-SS". The organization's stated duty was to fight all "enemies of the Reich" inside and outside the borders of Nazi Germany.


title: Cathedral of Murcia

paragraphs: The Cathedral Church of Saint Mary in Murcia (), commonly called the Cathedral of Murcia, is a church in Murcia, Spain. It is the only cathedral in use in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cartagena in Spain.

paragraphs: The Cathedral Church of Saint Mary in Murcia was one of 100 finalists for the 12 Treasures of Spain in 2007.


title: Roman Theatre

paragraphs: The Roman Theatre is an ancient Roman theatre in Cartagena, Spain. The theatre was built between 5 BC and 1 BC.


title: Jaén Cathedral

paragraphs: The Assumption of the Virgin Cathedral is a Spanish Renaissance cathedral located in Santa María Square in Jaén, Spain. It is across from the Town Hall and the Episcopal Palace (Archbishop's palace). The Santa María Square is one of the historical sites in Jaén. The cathedral stands on the same ground that was once occupied by an early mosque.

paragraphs: Construction of the cathedral began in 1249. It was built on the ruins of an early Spanish mosque. It was damaged and rebuilt on numerous occasions during the following two centuries. In the sixteenth century Andrés de Vandelvira built the biggest part of the Cathedral. It was consecrated in 1724.

paragraphs: The more representative architectural element is its façade. It was designed by Eufrasio López de Rojas. It was sculpted by Pedro Roldán. It houses the Veil of Veronica. In 1545 the young Francisco Guerrero was the "maestro de capilla".

paragraphs: Jaén Cathedral is one of 100 finalists for the 12 Treasures of Spain in 2007.


title: Tim Salmon

paragraphs: Timothy James Salmon (born August 24, 1968), is a former Major League Baseball player. He played for the California Angels from 1992 to 2004 and again, with the renamed Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim in 2006. He won the World Series with the Angels in 2002. He hit 299 home runs in his career.


title: Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington

paragraphs: Peter Alexander Rupert Carington, 6th Baron Carrington (6 June 1919 – 9 July 2018) was a British Conservative politician.

paragraphs: He served as British Defence Secretary between 1970 and 1974, Foreign Secretary between 1979 and 1982 and as the sixth Secretary General of NATO from 1984 to 1988. He was the last surviving member of the Cabinets of both Harold Macmillan and Sir Alec Douglas-Home.


title: Sergio Balanzino

paragraphs: Sergio Silvio Balanzino (born 20 June 1934) is an Italian diplomat. Balanzino was born in Bologna, Italy.

paragraphs: He served as the Italian ambassador to Canada from May 1990 to January 1994. He then became the Deputy Secretary General of NATO before briefly becoming acting Secretary General twice. Firstly by replacing Manfred Wörner on August 13, 1994 after the latter resigned in the last stages of cancer. He was then replaced by Willy Claes on October 17, 1994 who resigned on alleged corruption charges on October 20, 1995.

paragraphs: Balanzino, who had gone back to being Deputy, again took over the reins until he was replaced on December 5, 1995 by Javier Solana.


title: Heat transfer

paragraphs: Heat transfer is the way the heat moves from one physical system (or body) to another. Heat transfer requires a difference in temperature. Heat moves from the hotter body (higher temperature) to the colder one (lower temperature). The bodies in question may be in a solid state, a liquid state or a gaseous state. There are three modes of heat transfer: conduction, convection and radiation.


title: Martin Walser

paragraphs: Martin Walser (born 24 March 1927) is a German writer. He became famous for talking about the troubles for anti-heroes he had in his novels and stories. In 1998 he was awarded the Peace Prize of the German Book Trade in Frankfurt. Walser was born in Wasserburg am Bodensee, on Lake Constance.


title: Hans Magnus Enzensberger

paragraphs: Hans Magnus Enzensberger (born 11 November 1929) is a German author, poet, translator and editor. He has also written under the pseudonym Andreas Thalmayr. He was born in Kaufbeuren, Bavaria. He moved to Nuremberg in 1931. Enzensberger has a sarcastic, ironic tone in many of his poems.


title: Ōfunato, Iwate

paragraphs: The city of Ōfunato was originally part of the ancient Mutsu Province. It has been settled since the Jōmon period. The modern village of Ōfunato was made within Kesen District, Iwate on April 1, 1889. In 1896, the Meiji-Sanriku earthquake caused a 25 meter tsunami that killed 27,000 people in Sanriku. Ōfunato was promoted officially promoted to town status on April 1, 1932. In 1933, a 8.4 magnitude earthquake stuck the town and caused a 28 meter tsunami that killed 1522 people. On April 1, 1952, the town of Sakari, and villages of Akasaki, Takkon, Massaki, Ikawa and Hikoroichi all merged with Ōfunato to form the city. On November 15, 2001, the town of Sanriku (from Kesen District) also merged into Ōfunato.

paragraphs: Ōfunato was very badly damaged by the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami. The wave that hit the city was estimated to have reached 23.6 meters in height.

paragraphs: It was listed that 3,498 out of 15,138 houses in the town were destroyed by the tsunami and 305 people were confirmed dead. At least six of Ōfunato's 58 designated evacuation sites were flooded by the tsunami.


title: El Escorial, Madrid

paragraphs: El Escorial is a municipality in the administrative district of Madrid. It is located northwest of the Spanish capital Madrid. Its population in 2013 was 15,197.