title: Freedom Trail

paragraphs: The Freedom Trail is a walking trail through Boston, Massachusetts. It passes by 16 places that are important to American history. The Trail is 2.5 miles (4.0 km) long. It starts at the Boston Common and ends at the USS "Constitution" in the Charlestown Navy Yard.

paragraphs: The Black Heritage Trail crosses the Freedom Trail between the Massachusetts State House and Park Street Church.

paragraphs: William Schofield, a journalist in Boston, first thought of creating the Freedom Trail. In 1951, he suggested building a walking trail to connect many of the important historic places in Boston. Boston's mayor, John Hynes, agreed. The Trail was marked with red bricks and red paint, and signs were added along the way to explain the importance of the Trail's 16 stops. By 1953, 40,000 people were walking the Freedom Trail every year.

paragraphs: The City of Boston's Freedom Trail Commission is in charge of the Trail. The costs of keeping up the Trail are supported by grants from non-profit organizations and foundations; philanthropy; donations; and Boston National Historical Park.

paragraphs: The Boston Common is America's oldest public park. When the Puritans came to Boston, they bought the land from William Blackstone, who was the first European person to settle in Boston. The Puritans turned the land into a "Common Area" where people could bring their cows to eat grass.

paragraphs: The Common was also used to punish and hang people.

paragraphs: In 1775, when the British Army occupied Boston just before the American Revolution started, over 1,000 British soldiers camped and trained on the Common.

paragraphs: The Common has also been used for many other things, including:

paragraphs: The State House is where the Massachusetts state government does business. It was built in 1798 on land that used to be John Hancock's cow pasture. It is topped by a big dome which Paul Revere coated with golden copper.

paragraphs: On the way from the Common to the State House, the Trail passes a monument to Robert Gould Shaw and the 54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment. This was the first all-black volunteer regiment in the American Civil War.

paragraphs: Built in 1809, Park Street Church was once the tallest building in Boston. The Church became an important supporter of the abolitionist (anti-slavery) movement. On Independence Day in 1829, William Lloyd Garrison made his first major speech against slavery at the Church.

paragraphs: During the War of 1812, the Church's members stored brimstone (which is used to make gunpowder) in the Church's basement.

paragraphs: Granary Burying Ground is a very old cemetery, created in 1660. Many important people are buried here, including:

paragraphs: Many other Bostonians are also buried here.

paragraphs: King's Chapel was the first Anglican church in Boston. It was built in 1688, on land that was part of a burying ground (cemetery). At that time, most people in Boston were Puritans. King James II, who wanted the colonists to follow the Church of England, ordered that an Anglican parish should be built in Boston. However, nobody in Boston would sell good land to build a non-Puritan church. Because of this, the King ruled that a piece of burying ground would be taken and used for the church.

paragraphs: King's Chapel Burying Ground was Boston's first cemetery. (It was created before King's Chapel.) Many important Bostonians were buried here, including:

paragraphs: Boston Latin School was the first public school in America. It opened on April 23, 1635. Boys could go to school there for free, whether they were rich or poor. (Girls were taught at home.) Five signers of the Declaration of Independence went to school at Boston Latin:

paragraphs: The original Boston Latin School was torn down in 1745, but a statue of Benjamin Franklin marks the spot where the original school was. Boston Latin School still exists today in a different place (and now teaches both boys and girls).

paragraphs: The Old Corner Bookstore is the oldest business building in Boston. It was built in 1718 as an apothecary shop.

paragraphs: Before it became a business, Anne Hutchinson lived in this building. She used to hold religious meetings in her home, where she would read scripture. Sometimes as many as 80 people would come to the meetings. This was more than 10% of Boston's population at the time. Eventually Hutchinson was accused of heresy for preaching without being a preacher. (At that time, no women were allowed to be preachers, and Hutchinson's ideas also disagreed with the Puritans'.) Hutchinson was excommunicated and exiled to Rhode Island in 1638.

paragraphs: In the 1800s, the Old Corner Bookstore was one of the United States' most important book publishing companies. It published books written by many famous authors, who would also meet at the Bookstore. These authors included:

paragraphs: The Old South Meeting House was built in 1729 so that Puritans could meet there to pray. Benjamin Franklin was baptized here. The church's famous members included:

paragraphs: Some of the events that led up to the American Revolutionary War happened at Old South Church. For example, five thousand people met at Old South Meeting House just before the Boston Tea Party in 1773. They were trying to decide what to do with the tea that was waiting on ships in Boston Harbor. After the British passed the Tea Act, Bostonians would have to pay taxes on the tea even though they had no say in whether the taxes were fair or not. They tried to have the tea sent back to England, but they were unable to. After this, Samuel Adams got up and said, "This meeting can do nothing more to save the country." This was a secret signal to tell the Sons of Liberty to go destroy the tea. This is how the Boston Tea Party started.

paragraphs: Several years later, when British soldiers were occupying Boston, they got revenge on Old South Church for its role in the Boston Tea Party. They ripped out the church's pews (benches) and turned the church into a horse stable. They used Old South Church to teach British cavalry soldiers how to ride horses. After the Revolutionary War was over, in 1783, the church's members fixed the building up into a church again.

paragraphs: The Irish Potato Famine memorial statue is on the way to the Old South Meeting House. During the Irish Potato Famine, over one million Irish people died. Another million Irish people immigrated to the United States, mostly to Boston. The statue shows a family that was dying of starvation, who became strong and healthy again after moving to Boston.

paragraphs: The Old State House was built in 1713. The Massachusetts Bay Colony's colonial government worked there. The Old State House was very important in starting the American Revolution. In 1768, the colony's House of Representatives decided that people in Massachusetts should refuse to pay taxes to the British. The British decided to get rid of the colony's legislature, and also sent soldiers to occupy Boston.

paragraphs: In 1776, the Declaration of Independence was read to the people of Boston for the first time from the balcony of the Old State House.

paragraphs: The Boston Massacre happened just in front of the Old State House, in 1770. After British soldiers occupied Boston, many people in Boston got angrier and angrier. On March 5, 1770, an angry mob of Bostonians surrounded British soldiers. Somebody yelled "fire," and the British soldiers started shooting their guns. Five Bostonians were killed.

paragraphs: After news about the Boston Massacre spread throughout the Thirteen Colonies, people became angrier at the British. The Boston Massacre made more people want to fight the British for independence.

paragraphs: A rich merchant named Peter Faneuil built Faneuil Hall in 1741. He meant Faneuil Hall to be a place for trade and business. However, it became an important meeting place for people who wanted to fight against British rule. The Sons of Liberty met there and announced that they would fight back against the British. Leaders like Samuel Adams gave speeches there encouraging independence.

paragraphs: America's first town meeting was held at Faneuil Hall. Americans first met there in 1764 to protest the Sugar Act and the Stamp Act. Later, they would meet there to protest the Tea Act, the Townshend Duties, and the British occupation of Boston.

paragraphs: On top of Faneuil Hall, there is a famous weathervane (which tells which way the wind is blowing). It is shaped like a golden grasshopper. Legend says that Bostonians used this weathervane during the War of 1812 to find spies. If a person did not know the answer to the question "What is on top of Faneuil Hall?", they were suspected of being a spy.

paragraphs: In the 19th century, abolitionists like Frederick Douglass, William Lloyd Garrison, and Lucy Stone spoke against slavery at Faneuil Hall.

paragraphs: The Paul Revere house is the oldest building in downtown Boston that is still standing. It was built around 1680. Revere bought it in 1770. He lived here when he made his famous "Midnight Ride".

paragraphs: The Old North Church is the oldest church in Boston that is still standing. This Episcopal church opened in 1723. The first bells ever brought to America were put in its steeple.

paragraphs: Because the steeple was the tallest in Boston at the time, it played an important role just before the American Revolution started. Just before the Battles of Lexington and Concord, the first battles of the Revolution, the British had two choices for how they could get to Lexington and Concord. They could walk, or they could row across the Charles River. The Sons of Liberty hung two lanterns in the church's steeple to signal that British soldiers were crossing the Charles River. This helped the Americans figure out the best way to defend against the British.

paragraphs: Copp's Hill Burying Ground was the largest cemetery in colonial Boston. It was created in 1659. Famous people who are buried here include:

paragraphs: British soldiers put their cannons at Copp's Hill Burying Ground during the Battle of Bunker Hill.

paragraphs: The Bunker Hill Monument honors the Battle of Bunker Hill. This was the first major battle of the American Revolution. Though the British won this battle, it was so difficult for them to win that the battle proved the Americans would not be easy to beat.

paragraphs: Until May 2015, the USS "Constitution" was the oldest warship in the world that still floated. It was first put into the water in 1797. The "Constitution" became famous during the War of 1812. The ship got the nickname "Old Ironsides" because cannonballs would bounce off the wooden sides of the ship like they were made of iron.

paragraphs: The "Constitution" is still a United States Navy warship.


title: Pat Conroy

paragraphs: Pat Conroy (October 26, 1945 – March 4, 2016) was an American author. He has written several famous novels and memoirs. Two of his novels, "The Prince of Tides" and "The Great Santini", were made into movies that were nominated for Academy Awards. He was known as a leading writer of late-20th century Southern literature.

paragraphs: Conroy died on March 4, 2016 from pancreatic cancer in Beaufort, South Carolina. He was aged 70.


title: Ali Brownlee

paragraphs: Alastair "Ali" Brownlee (1959 – 14 February 2016) was a English radio broadcaster. He was born in Middlesbrough, North Riding of Yorkshire. He was best known for his coverage of Middlesbrough Football Club on BBC Tees from 1982 onwards. His connection to the club earned him the honorific "Voice of the Boro".

paragraphs: Brownlee was a bank manager before becoming a sports commentator.

paragraphs: Brownlee died on 14 February 2016 at a hospital in Linthorpe, Middlesbrough, North Yorkshire. He had suffered from bowel cancer for three months. He was aged 56.


title: Fighton Simukonda

paragraphs: Fighton Simukonda (2 February 1958 – 15 February 2016) was a Zambian football player and coach. He was part of the Nkana Red Devils team during the 1980s. He won five league titles. He was also captain of Zambia's national team. As a coach, he has won several Zambian Premier League titles. He became the first coach to lead a Zambian club to the group phase of the CAF Champions' League.

paragraphs: Simukonda died on 15 February 2016 from complications of diabetes. He was aged 58.


title: Slobodan Santrač

paragraphs: Slobodan Santrač (Serbian Cyrillic: Слободан Сантрач; 1 July 1946 – 13 February 2016) was a Yugoslav and Serbian football manager and player. He was the all-time top scorer of the Yugoslav First League with a total of 218 goals. He was also the top scorer in the history of OFK Beograd.

paragraphs: After finishing his playing career, Santrač was manager of numerous clubs and national teams. He reached the knockout stage with FR Yugoslavia at the 1998 FIFA World Cup in France.

paragraphs: On 13 February 2016, Santrač died of a heart attack in Belgrade. He was aged 69.


title: Patriarch Kirill of Moscow

paragraphs: Kirill or Cyril (, secular name Vladimir Mikhailovich Gundyayev, ; born 20 November 1946) is a Russian Orthodox bishop. He became Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus' and Primate of the Russian Orthodox Church on 1 February 2009.

paragraphs: Before becoming Patriarch, Kirill was Archbishop (later Metropolitan) of Smolensk and Kaliningrad from 26 December 1984. He was also Chairman of the Russian Orthodox Church's Department for External Church Relations and a permanent member of the Holy Synod beginning in 1989.


title: Burr–Hamilton duel

paragraphs: The Burr–Hamilton duel was a duel fought between two well-known American politicians. It was between the former secretary of the treasury Alexander Hamilton and sitting vice president Aaron Burr. It took place on July 11, 1804. The duel was caused by a long and bitter rivalry between the two men. At Weehawken, in New Jersey, Burr shot and wounded Hamilton. Hamilton was carried to the home of William Bayard on the Manhattan shore, where he died the next day. The duel ended Burr's political career.


title: Girls (TV series)

paragraphs: Girls is an American comedy-drama television series. The show began on HBO on April 15, 2012. It was created by Lena Dunham, who plays Hannah.

paragraphs: The show is about the lives of four young women living in Brooklyn, New York City.


title: Brachial plexus

paragraphs: The brachial plexus is a group of nerves. It runs from the vertebral column to the arm.

paragraphs: The brachial plexus is divided into five "roots", three "trunks", six "divisions", three "cords", and five "branches".

paragraphs: The five roots come out of the spinal cord. They are each named after the part of the spinal cord they come out of: C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1.

paragraphs: Each trunk then splits into two divisions:

paragraphs: These six divisions join up again to become the three cords.

paragraphs: The nerves that come out of the brachial plexus include:


title: Triangle Marsh

paragraphs: Triangle Marsh is a wetland in the San Francisco Bay area. It is at the base of Ring Mountain at the north end of the Tiburon Peninsula in Marin County, California.


title: University of Tromsø

paragraphs: University of Tromsø (UiT, ""The arctic university of Norway"") is a university in Norway. The main campus is in Tromsø. It also has campuses in Alta, Hammerfest, Harstad and Narvik. The main campus is located north on the Tromsø island in Troms county.

paragraphs: The university was founded in 1971 by the Norwegian government. It has had four mergers since then:

paragraphs: When UiT merged with Tromsø University College it became the oldest school in Norway. Tromsø University College was founded on 7 February 1826. It was then called Trondenes seminar.


title: Juramaia

paragraphs: Juramaia is the earliest known eutherian mammal. It is a small shrew-like mammal of body length about 70100 mm. It is an extinct genus from the Upper Jurassic deposits of western Liaoning, China.

paragraphs: A nearly complete skeleton, with an incomplete skull with full dentition was found. It was collected in the Daxigou site, Jianchang, from the Tiaojishan Formation. It is dated at about 160 million years ago.

paragraphs: The discovery of "Juramaia" provides new insight into the evolution of eutherian mammals. It shows their lineage diverged from that of the marsupials 35 million years earlier than previously thought. Furthermore, its discovery fills gaps in the fossil record and helps to calibrate modern, DNA-based methods of dating the evolution.

paragraphs: The forelimb bones have climbing adaptations, so it is suggested that the basal stock of Eutheria was arboreal.


title: Nishagandhi Puraskaram

paragraphs: Nishagandhi Puraskaram () is an award given out by the government of Kerala in India. It is given out every year by the Tourism department. It is awarded to artists in the fields of dance and music.

paragraphs: The award comes with 1,50,000 rupees, a citation and a statuette. It is awarded as part of the Nishagandhi Dance and Music Festival, which is held in January every year. This is a cultural annual programme of the Tourism department of Kerala. The award ceremony takes place at the Nishagandhi theatre in the Kanakakkunnu Palace ground in Trivandrum, the capital city of Kerala. The award was introduced to make the festival more popular on a national and international level.

paragraphs: The Nishagandhi Puraskaram was first awarded to the classical dancer Mrinalini Sarabhai in 2013. Hindustani musician Lalith J Rao and Bharata Natyam artist Padma Subrahmanyam won the awards in the next years (2014 and 2015). The most recent recipient of the award in 2016 is the music director Ilayaraja.


title: Exsanguination

paragraphs: Exsanguination is losing enough blood to cause death. A person does not have to lose all of their blood to exsanguinate. People can die from losing half to two-thirds of their blood.

paragraphs: The average adult has about 4 to 6 liters of blood (9 to 12 US pints) in their body. The average man has more blood than the average woman, and people who weigh more or are taller than others have more blood. This means a person can die from losing 2 / to 4 liters of blood. To compare, this is five to eight times as much blood as people usually give in a blood donation.

paragraphs: Children and babies have much less blood than adults, and can exsanguinate by losing much less blood than adults.

paragraphs: Exsanguination is often called bleeding to death or bleeding out. It is a medical emergency.

paragraphs: Bleeding can be "external" or "internal".

paragraphs: "External" means "outside the body." External bleeding is visible - it can be seen outside the body. For example, a person who cuts their hand and has blood on their hand is having external bleeding.

paragraphs: "Internal" means "inside the body." Internal bleeding cannot be seen, because it is inside the body. For example, a person who is bleeding into their brain because of a stroke is having internal bleeding.

paragraphs: Sometimes, bleeding can be both internal and external. A person can exsanguinate from internal bleeding, external bleeding, or both.

paragraphs: Exsanguination is usually caused by major blood vessels getting injured or breaking open. Smaller blood vessels bleed less, and bleed slower, so it is harder to exsanguinate if they are injured.

paragraphs: Exsanguination can be caused by trauma (injuries). Out of all people who die from injuries, 30-40% die from exsanguination. Up to half of these people (33-56%) die before they even get to the hospital.

paragraphs: Penetrating trauma (an injury where something breaks the skin) is one of the most common causes of exsanguination. This is especially true for gunshot wounds to places like the heart, chest, or head, which all have major blood vessels in them.

paragraphs: Other injuries that can cause exsanguination include:

paragraphs: A person can exsanguinate from internal bleeding if:

paragraphs: Exsanguination is one of the most common causes of death in soldiers at war. It is usually caused by gunshot wounds, motor vehicle accidents, or explosions.

paragraphs: Some medical problems can make a person exsanguinate by bleeding internally. These problems include:

paragraphs: If a person is losing blood very quickly (for example, from a broken aortic aneurysm), they will only be conscious for 20 seconds to a few minutes. If blood loss is slower, and the person does not get medical treatment, they may be conscious for a few hours. However, they will get more and more confused and tired as they lose more blood. Eventually the person will go into a coma because there is not enough blood left in their body to bring oxygen to their brain. Finally their heart will stop and they will die.

paragraphs: Doctors call exsanguination a syndrome (a group of symptoms), because it causes so many problems in the body.

paragraphs: Blood helps keep us warm. Because of this, losing a lot of blood causes hypothermia.

paragraphs: Coagulopathy means that the blood no longer clots normally. When a person loses blood, they also lose the platelets and blood-clotting proteins the blood carried. These platelets and proteins make the blood clot. If a person loses too much blood, they will not have enough platelets or proteins left to make the blood clot.

paragraphs: Acidosis means that the body makes too much acid. Usually, the body makes energy out of oxygen (carried in blood) and glucose (sugar). (This is called aerobic respiration.) If a person loses a lot of blood, there will not be enough oxygen in the blood that is left to make energy this way. The body switches to anaerobic respiration, and makes energy out of glucose without needing oxygen. However, this creates many acidic waste products (chemicals that the body does not need, which are left over after the body does chemical reactions). Eventually these waste products can build up so much that they poison the body. This is called acidosis.

paragraphs: When the heart does not get enough blood, it can start beating in ways that are not normal. When this happens because of exsanguination, it usually means that the patient is close to dying.

paragraphs: If a person loses enough blood, they will go into shock. This means the body's most important organs are not getting the blood, oxygen, and nutrients they need to survive. It also means that the body is not able to get rid of waste products, like acids. If shock gets bad enough, it will kill the person.

paragraphs: First aid is an important first step in treating exsanguination. Things that regular people can do to help include:

paragraphs: If possible, a person giving first aid should wear gloves any time they touch another person's blood. The sick or injured person may have an infection that can be spread through blood, like HIV or hepatitis. Wearing gloves will protect the person giving first aid from getting these infections.

paragraphs: First aid saved many lives during the Boston Marathon bombings, when ordinary people used belts for tourniquets or used their own hands to press against bleeding wounds. The three people who died in the bombings died right away. There were many other people who were hurt badly enough that they could have exsanguinated. For example, some people's legs were blown off by the bombs. However, because of the help of ordinary people giving first aid (and because of emergency medical services), everyone who did not die right away survived.

paragraphs: Emergency medical treatments for exsanguination include:

paragraphs: There are some risk factors which make a person more likely to exsanguinate. A few examples are:

paragraphs: When a person is exsanguinating, they are more likely to die if:


title: Vanity (singer)

paragraphs: Denise Katrina Matthews, also known as Vanity (January 4, 1959 – February 15, 2016), was a Canadian-American singer, songwriter, actress, dancer and model. She was the lead singer of the female trio Vanity 6 between 1981 until it disbanded in 1983. The group was well known for their 1982 hit song "Nasty Girl".

paragraphs: Vanity also had a successful acting career, starring in movies, including "Action Jackson" and "The Last Dragon".

paragraphs: In 1994, Vanity converted to Christianity.

paragraphs: Vanity was born in Niagara Falls, Ontario. She died of complications from peritoneal dialysis in a Fremont, California hospital. She was 57.


title: Seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution

paragraphs: The Seventh Amendment (Amendment VII) to the United States Constitution is part of the Bill of Rights. This amendment codifies the right to a jury trial in certain civil cases. It also stops courts from overturning a jury's verdict. The Seventh Amendment's provision for jury trials in civil cases has never been incorporated (applied to the states). However, the rights to civil jury trials are found in nearly every state constitution.

paragraphs: The prohibition of overturning a jury's verdict applies to federal cases, state cases involving federal law, and to review of state cases by federal courts. "United States v. Wonson" (1812) established the "historical test", which interpreted the amendment as relying on English common law to determine whether a jury trial was necessary in a civil lawsuit. The amendment thus does not guarantee trial by jury in cases under maritime law, in lawsuits against the government itself, and for many parts of patent claims. In all other cases, the jury can be waived by consent of the parties. The amendment also guarantees a minimum of six members for a jury in a civil trial.

paragraphs: The 7th Amendment was ratified on December 15, 1791 as one of ten amendments in the Bill of Rights. But the background for its passing began in England during the 12th century. At the time juries were made up of 12 men who gave their opinions in a trial. The 12-man jury originally included the accusers against the defendant, a supposed enemy of the king. Eventually this led to a system where the jury made a verdict based on evidence. The practice followed English colonists to the American colonies. But juries became a tool used to express American discontent with British rule. A series of Navigation Acts prohibited the American colonies from trading directly with the Netherlands, Spain, France, and their colonies. As more and more trade restriction were imposed, the American colonists turned to smuggling. When smugglers were caught, they were brought before juries made up of other colonists. These sympathetic juries often acquitted their fellow colonists. The king, angered at these lawbreakers going free, created new courts that did not allow juries. This was a breach of common law practice and infringed on their rights as British citizens. After the American Revolutionary War, the Seventh Amendment was written to expressly limit the powers of the executive and the Judicial branches of the new federal government.


title: Eddie Barry

paragraphs: Edward Thomas "Ed" Barry (October 12, 1919 – February 12, 2016) was an American professional ice hockey player. Barry also played for the Boston Olympics of the Eastern Hockey League and the Boston Bruins, and later became the coach at Boston State College. He has been a member of the Northeastern University athletics Hall of Fame since 1976, and a member of the UMass Boston Hall of Fame since 2003.

paragraphs: Barry died on February 12, 2016 from complications of Alzheimer's disease. He was under hospice care in Needham, Massachusetts at the time. He was aged 96.


title: Christopher Zeeman

paragraphs: Sir Erik Christopher Zeeman FRS (4 February 1925 – 13 February 2016), was a British mathematician. He was known for his work in geometric topology and singularity theory. Zeeman's main contributions to mathematics were in topology, particularly in knot theory, the piecewise linear category, and dynamical systems.


title: Arnold Rüütel

paragraphs: Arnold Rüütel () (born May 10, 1928) is a Estonian politician.

paragraphs: He served as the last Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian SSR from April 8, 1983 to March 29, 1990, Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian SSR (from May 8, 1990: Supreme Council of the Republic of Estonia) from March 29, 1990 to October 6, 1992 and was the third President of the Republic of Estonia from October 8, 2001 to October 9, 2006.

paragraphs: He was the second President since Estonia regained independence in 1991. Rüütel also served as one of fifteen Deputy Chairmen of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.


title: Zhu Rongji

paragraphs: Zhu Rongji (; born 1 October 1928) is a Chinese politician. He served as Mayor and Party chief in Shanghai between 1987 and 1991. He then served as Vice Premier and then fifth Premier of the People's Republic of China from March 1998 to March 2003.


title: Bill Dana

paragraphs: Bill Dana (October 5, 1924 – June 15, 2017) was an American comedian, actor and screenwriter. He often appeared on television shows such as "The Ed Sullivan Show". He was known for appearing as a heavily accented Bolivian character named José Jiménez. Dana often portrayed the Jiménez character as an astronaut.

paragraphs: Dana died at his home in Nashville, Tennessee on June 15, 2017 at the age of 92.


title: Annie Glenn

paragraphs: Anna Margaret "Annie" Glenn, (née Castor; February 17, 1920 – May 19, 2020) was an American activist and philanthropist. She was the widow of former astronaut and Senator John Glenn. She was added into the National Stuttering Association Hall of Fame.

paragraphs: She was known for her works to raise awareness of children and adults with disabilities such as stuttering. She suffered from it during her early years until it went away when she was in her 50s.

paragraphs: Glenn was born in Columbus, Ohio. She studied at Muskingum College. Glenn married John Glenn in 1943. Together, they had two children. Glenn died at a nursing home in St. Paul, Minnesota on May 19, 2020 at the age of 100. The cause of death was COVID-19.


title: Li Peng

paragraphs: Li Peng (20 October 1928 – 22 July 2019) was a Chinese politician. He served as the fourth Premier of the People's Republic of China, between 1987 and 1998. He also served as the Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, China's top legislative body from 1998 to 2003.

paragraphs: For much of the 1990s, Li was ranked second in the Communist Party of China (CPC) hierarchy behind then General Secretary Jiang Zemin. He retained his seat on the CPC Politburo Standing Committee until 2002.

paragraphs: Li died on 22 July 2019 at the age of 90 from an illness at a hospital in Beijing.


title: Intravenous therapy

paragraphs: Intravenous injection or intravenous therapy means putting liquid into a vein, using a needle. Many illegal drugs and medications can be given intravenously.

paragraphs: Drugs and medications work very fast when given intravenously, because they go right into the bloodstream. They reach the brain and start working in a minute or less. Also, when a drug is given intravenously, 100% of the drug gets into the bloodstream.

paragraphs: When medications are given in other ways, they do not work as fast. Also, not all of the drug reaches the bloodstream.

paragraphs: However, medications given by IV do not last as long as medicines given by mouth As soon as the drug reaches the bloodstream, the body begins to break it down so the body can get rid of it.

paragraphs: There are two types of intravenous injections.

paragraphs: Sometimes, people inject just one drug into a vein with a needle. Then they take the needle out.

paragraphs: When people use illegal drugs like heroin intravenously, they use a single injection. They shoot the drug into their veins, and then take the needle out.

paragraphs: The second type of IV injection is called an "intravenous (IV) line." This is usually what medical professionals mean when they say a patient is getting an IV.

paragraphs: To do an IV line, a medical professional will:

paragraphs: An IV line allows medical professionals to give different liquids at different times, without having to put a needle into a vein every time. They can also give many medications at the same time.

paragraphs: Intravenous lines are often used in emergency medicine. Many things can be given through an IV line.

paragraphs: Volume expanders are special fluids that are used when a person has lost some of the fluids in their body. For example, a person might lose fluids because of dehydration or bleeding. Volume expanders are used to replace these lost fluids. They are called "volume expanders" because they expand (increase) the volume of liquid in the bloodstream.

paragraphs: Losing too much fluid is dangerous. People need liquid in their bloodstream to carry blood cells, glucose (sugar), electrolytes (salts), and many other important things. Usually, the blood plasma (the liquid part of blood) does this job. However, people can lose plasma for several reasons. For example:

paragraphs: Volume expanders add to the amount of liquid in the bloodstream. They help plasma do its job.

paragraphs: There are a few common volume expanders. They are mixtures of liquids and other things the body loses when a person loses fluid:

paragraphs: Many medications can be given by IV. They can be given by themselves, or mixed into volume expanders.

paragraphs: Examples of medications that can be given by IV include:

paragraphs: Blood transfusions are usually given through an IV line. A blood transfusion can give a person regular blood, or only parts of the blood, like:

paragraphs: If a person cannot eat for a short time, nutrition can be given through an IV line. IV nutrition mixtures include water, electrolytes, glucose, amino acids, lipids (fats), and vitamins.

paragraphs: Intravenous drug use means injecting illegal drugs into a vein. Illegal drugs that can be injected intravenously include:

paragraphs: Sometimes, people also dissolve prescription medications in water and inject them intravenously. For example, some people dissolve oxycodone or benzodiazepines and inject them.

paragraphs: People use drugs intravenously because it is one of the fastest ways to get the effects of the drug. When a person uses drugs intravenously, the drugs start working within 15 to 30 seconds.

paragraphs: Using drugs intravenously can cause many problems.

paragraphs: If a person uses a needle that is not clean to inject drugs, they can get an infection. Common infections caused by IV drug use include:

paragraphs: An IV drug user can also get some infectious diseases by using the same needles as people who have those diseases. HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and many other infections can be spread by sharing needles.

paragraphs: In the world, 40-60% of IV drug users have hepatitis B, and 60-70% have hepatitis C.

paragraphs: People are more likely to overdose when they use drugs intravenously. There are a few reasons for this:

paragraphs: When an IV drug user injects drugs into their veins over and over again, they can damage their veins. The veins can get scarred and eventually collapse. This leaves marks over the scarred veins that are called "track marks."


title: The Selfish Gene

paragraphs: The Selfish Gene is a book on evolution by Richard Dawkins, published in 1976. It builds upon the work of George C. Williams's book: "Adaptation and Natural Selection", and helped popularize W.D. Hamilton's work.

paragraphs: Dawkins used the term "selfish gene" as a way of expressing the "gene-centred view of evolution". From the gene-centred view, it follows that the more two individuals are genetically related, the more sense (at the level of the genes) it makes for them to behave selflessly with each other.

paragraphs: An organism evolves to maximise its inclusive fitness—the number of copies of its genes passed on globally (rather than by a particular individual).

paragraphs: Dawkins proposes the idea of the "replicator":

paragraphs: The book also coins the term "meme" for a unit of human cultural evolution analogous to the gene.


title: Miss Israel

paragraphs: Miss Israel is a beauty contest. It has been held every year since 1950. The winner competes in the Miss Universe contest and the second place competes in the Miss World contest.


title: Panzerchrist

paragraphs: Panzerchrist is a Danish blackened death metal band. It was formed in 1993–1994 by Michael Enevoldsen (after he left Illdisposed) and Danish artist Lasse Hoile.

paragraphs: Panzerchrist recorded a few demos and was signed by Serious entertainment. "Six Seconds Kill" was released by Serious Entertainment in 1996, and in 1998 they released "Outpost Fort Europa". In 2000, Panzerchrist was joined by drummer Reno Killerich (ex-Exmortem, Vile, etc.) and Bo Summer (also of Illdisposed). They recorded "Soul Collector", which focused on World War II and had German lyrics. "Soul Collector" was released by Mighty Music in 2000.

paragraphs: In 2002, the band was joined by Frederik O'Carroll and Rasmus Henriksen. They began work on the violent "Room Service". It featured compositions that were very loud and fast, including a cover of the Metal Church classic "Metal Church". "Room Service" was recorded at Tue Madsen's "Antfarm Studios" (The Haunted, Illdisposed, Mnemic etc.) and was released by Mighty Music in 2003. The name of each song on the album "Room Service" are the first word(s) to be sung on each song. Each song on the album "Room Service" ends with the words "Death, forever panzer" – except the song "Metal Church", since it is a cover.

paragraphs: In 2006, Panzerchrist drummer Killerich and Karina Bundgaard, now on keyboards, rejoined for the recording of "Battalion Beast". This was released by Neurotic Records in 2006. This album features the words "Christ, thy name is panzer" at the end of each song.


title: Native American flute

paragraphs: The Native American flute is a flute that is held in front of the person playing it, has open holes for the player's fingers, and has two separate parts:

paragraphs: one for the breath of the person playing the flute and another that makes the sound of the flute.

paragraphs: The player breathes into one end of the flute.

paragraphs: directs the player's breath from the first part to the second part,

paragraphs: causing air to vibrate in the second part.

paragraphs: The vibration causes a steady resonance of air in the second part that creates sound.

paragraphs: Native American flutes are made in many different designs, sizes, and variations —

paragraphs: The Native American flute has many other names.:

paragraphs: "Native American style flute" (see the Indian Arts And Crafts Act),

paragraphs: The correct way to spell the name of the instrument is "Native American flute" using capital letters for "N" and "A" and lower-case letters for the "f" in "flute".

paragraphs: A person who plays Native American flutes is called a "flutist". The word "flautist" is used, but much less often.

paragraphs: There are many stories about how different Native American peoples invented the Native American flute.

paragraphs: In one story, a woodpecker pecked holes in the branch of a tree while searching for termites.

paragraphs: When the wind blew along the holes, people heard music.

paragraphs: It is not well known how the design of the Native American flute developed before 1823.

paragraphs: It is also possible that instruments were carried from other cultures during migrations.

paragraphs: The oldest Native American flute made of wood is from 1823. It is now in a museum in Bergamo, Italy.

paragraphs: The Native American flute has two parts:

paragraphs: the "slow air chamber" and the "sound chamber".

paragraphs: A "plug" inside the instrument separates the slow air chamber from the sound chamber.

paragraphs: The parts of the Native American flute can have many alternate names.

paragraphs: The plug is sometimes called the "internal wall".

paragraphs: The slow air chamber is also called the "SAC", the "compression chamber", or the "mouth chamber".

paragraphs: The sound chamber is also called the "pipe body",

paragraphs: the "playing chamber", the "resonating chamber", the "tone chamber", or the "variable tube".

paragraphs: The "block" on the outside of the instrument is a separate part that can be removed.

paragraphs: The block is also called the "bird", the "fetish", the "saddle", or the "totem".

paragraphs: The block is tied by a "strap" onto the "nest" of the flute.

paragraphs: The block moves air through a "flue" from the slow air chamber to the sound chamber.

paragraphs: The block is often in the shape of a bird.

paragraphs: The slow air chamber has a "mouthpiece" and "breath hole" for the player's breath.

paragraphs: Air flows through the slow air chamber and up the "exit hole" into the flue.

paragraphs: The sound chamber contains the "sound hole", which creates the vibration of air that causes sound when the airflow

paragraphs: The sound hole can also be called the "whistle hole", the "window", or the "true sound hole" ("TSH").

paragraphs: The splitting edge can also be called the "cutting edge", the "fipple edge", the "labium", or the "sound edge".

paragraphs: The sound chamber also has "finger holes" that allows the player to change the

paragraphs: Changing the frequency of the vibration changes the pitch of the sound produced.

paragraphs: The finger holes on a Native American flute are "open", meaning that fingers of the player cover the finger hole

paragraphs: (rather than metal levers or pads such as those on a clarinet).

paragraphs: This means that the player must be able to reach all the finger holes on the instrument with their fingers.

paragraphs: The finger holes can also be called the "note holes", the "playing holes", the "tone holes", or the "stops".

paragraphs: The "foot end" of the flute — the end far away from the player's mouth — can have "direction holes".

paragraphs: These holes affect the pitch of the flute when all the finger holes are covered.

paragraphs: They also relate to the "Four Directions" of

paragraphs: East, South, West, and North found in many Native American stories.

paragraphs: The direction holes can also be called the "tuning holes" or "wind holes".

paragraphs: – "Parts of the Native American flute" with

paragraphs: Another way to build Native American flutes uses a "spacer plate" to create the flue.

paragraphs: The spacer plate sits between the nest area on the body of the flute and the block.

paragraphs: The spacer player is usually held in place by the same strap that holds the block onto the instrument.

paragraphs: The splitting edge can also be part of the spacer plate.

paragraphs: The spacer plate is often made of metal, but spacer plates can be made of wood, bark, and ceramic.

paragraphs: Many old Native American flutes were made using measurements of the body.

paragraphs: The length of the flute was the distance from inside of the elbow to tip of the index finger.

paragraphs: The length of the slow air chamber was the width of the fist.

paragraphs: The distance between the sound hole and first finger hole was the width of the fist.

paragraphs: The distance between finger holes would be the width of a thumb.

paragraphs: The distance from the last finger hole to the end of the flute was the width of the fist.

paragraphs: Currently, makers of Native American flutes use many methods to design the dimensions of their flutes.

paragraphs: This is very important for the location of the finger holes, since they control the pitch of the different notes of the instrument.

paragraphs: Flute makers may use calculators to design their instruments,

paragraphs: or use dimensions provided by other flute makers.

paragraphs: Many Native American flutes are made from river cane, bamboo, wood,

paragraphs: or even plastic. Some makers of Native American flutes use ceramic or glass.

paragraphs: Many Native American flutes have a musical scale called the pentatonic scale

paragraphs: This musical scale is used in most Native American flute music.

paragraphs: However, some makers of Native American flute now use different musical scales.

paragraphs: Also, many makers of Native American flutes tune flutes carefully so that they

paragraphs: sound good when played with other instruments such as guitars and pianos.

paragraphs: Native American flutes may be large or small and have a wide range from very low notes to very high notes.

paragraphs: From the largest flutes (lowest pitch) to the smallest flutes (highest pitch),

paragraphs: they span a range of about three and a half octaves,

paragraphs: Early recordings of Native American flutes are available from several sources.

paragraphs: Most Native American flutes have either five finger holes or six finger holes.

paragraphs: However, a flute may have no finger holes or as many as seven finger holes, including a hole for the thumb.

paragraphs: Different makers employ different musical scales and fingerings for their flutes.

paragraphs: Written music for the Native American flutes is often in the key of F-sharp minor, although some music is scored in other keys.

paragraphs: However, music written for the Native American flute uses a key signature of four sharps.

paragraphs: Many pieces of written music adds finger diagrams below the notes to show which finger holes to cover for that note.

paragraphs: The use of a standard key signature for written music that can be used across Native American flutes in a variety of keys classifies the instrument as a transposing instrument.

paragraphs: There were few Native American flute players before 1960.

paragraphs: However, use of the Native American flute increased in the late 1960s.

paragraphs: Many people began playing Native American flutes, such as Doc Tate Nevaquaya,

paragraphs: The music of R. Carlos Nakai became popular in the 1980s.

paragraphs: The album "Canyon Trilogy" was issued in 1989.

paragraphs: In 1998 it was the first Native American music album certified as a Gold Record

paragraphs: by the Recording Industry Association of America.

paragraphs: Canyon Trilogy was certified as a Platinum Record

paragraphs: Mary Youngblood won two Grammy Awards in the "Native American Music" category for her Native American flute music

paragraphs: Today, Native American flutes are being played and recognized by many different peoples and cultures around the world.

paragraphs: Groups of players of the Native American flute meet every month or two.

paragraphs: These groups are known as "flute circles".

paragraphs: These organizations help flute circles within their country:


paragraphs: The Central Politburo of the Communist Party of China is a group of 25 people who oversee the Communist Party of China. It is formally called the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. It was previously called the Central Bureau () before 1927. Unlike politburos (political bureaus) of other Communist parties, power within the politburo is centralized in the Politburo Standing Committee. The members of the Politburo are nominally elected by the Central Committee.

paragraphs: The power of the Politburo is mostly due to the fact that its members generally also hold positions within the government of the People's Republic of China. It also appoints people to high-ranking jobs. The topics for discussion at the meetings appears to be controlled by the General Secretary. Decisions are made by consensus rather than by majority vote.


title: State Council of China

paragraphs: The State Council is the cabinet of the People's Republic of China. Currently, the council has 35 members: the premier, four vice premiers, five state councilors (of whom two are also ministers), and 25 additional ministers and chairs of major agencies. Constitutionally, the State Council is the same as the Central People's Government since 1954 (particularly in relation to local governments).

paragraphs: In the politics of China, the Central People's Government forms one of three interlocking branches of power, the others being the Communist Party of China and the People's Liberation Army. The State Council directly oversees the various subordinate People's Governments in the provinces, and in practice maintains membership with the top levels of the Communist Party of China.


title: National People's Congress

paragraphs: The National People's Congress (usually abbreviated NPC) is the national legislature of the People's Republic of China. It had 2,987 members in 2013. It is the largest parliament in the world. Under China's current Constitution, the NPC is unicameral; it is not divided into a lower house and an upper house. It the power to legislate, to oversee the operations of the government, and the power to elect the major officers of state.


title: Laser pointer

paragraphs: A laser pointer (or laser pen) is a small device that shines a low-powered laser light. The pointer is usually powered by a battery. It contains a laser diode that emits a very narrow laser beam of visible light. When pointed at an object, it shines a small bright spot of colored light. The pointer is held in a hand. It is used to highlight something of interest. Power is restricted in most jurisdictions not to exceed 5 milliwatts.


title: Hu Chunhua

paragraphs: Hu Chunhua (; born April 1963) is a Chinese politician born in Hubei Province.

paragraphs: In 1979, Hu was admitted to Beijing University. He graduated from Beijing University in 1983. After graduation, Hu volunteered to work in Tibet autonomous region. During 1988 ~ 1992 he worked in Tibet, Hu Jingtao was the local Communist Party chief. In 1997, he left Tibet and worked as leader in .

paragraphs: In 2001, Hu Chunhua returned back to Tibet. This time he worked there as senior party and government official. After 5 years of rich experience, in December 2006, he was promoted to the chief of in Beijing.

paragraphs: In March 2008, Hu was appointed as deputy party chief of CPC in Hebei province; and nominated to be the candidate of provincial governor. In April, he was appointed as Hebei governor; and officially elected as governor in January 2009.

paragraphs: In November 2009, Hu was appointed as CPC party chief on Inner Mongolia autonomous region.

paragraphs: In November 2012, Hu was promoted to the powerful Communist Party's Politburo. He was assigned the Communist Party Secretary of Guangdong province, the province's top political office. Hu and another Communist Party's Politburo member Sun Zhengcai Hu were seen as promising candidates in the 'sixth generation' of Chinese leadership. However, Xi Jinping, the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, changed the traditional power transfer rule. While Hu was not as unfortunate as Sun who was charged and sentenced (in 2018) due to corruption, he failed to enter the leadership core of CPC - the Politburo Standing Committee.


title: Upsala-Lenna Jernväg

paragraphs: Upsala-Lenna Jernväg (ULJ) is a railway line in Sweden. It runs from the city of Uppsala to various small towns in Uppsala Municipality. It is long. It is a part of the Roslagen network. It is a heritage railway.


title: Corazón que miente

paragraphs: Corazón que miente (English: "Lying Heart") is a Mexican telenovela. It is produced by Mapat L. de Zatarain for Televisa. It is a remake of the Mexican telenovela "Laberintos de pasión", produced in 1999 by Ernesto Alonso. It is created by Cuauhtémoc Blanco and Maria del Carmen Peña.

paragraphs: The series stars Thelma Madrigal as Mariela, Pablo Lyle as Alonso, Diego Olivera as Leonardo and Dulce María as Renata.

paragraphs: The series was first shown on Februaury 8, 2016, in Mexico on Canal de las Estrellas.


title: Sun Zhengcai

paragraphs: Sun Zhengcai (; born September 25 1963) was a Chinese politician and senior regional official before his fall from power in 2017.

paragraphs: Sun joined Communist Party of China (CPC) in July 1988. He was a member of the CPC Central Committee since 2007. Since November 2012, Sun has been the Communist Party Secretary of Chongqing, an interior municipality, and a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of China. Before that, he served as the Party Secretary of Jilin province, and Minister of Agriculture of China.

paragraphs: Sun is the youngest member of the 18th Politburo, and one of only two members born after 1960, the other being Hu Chunhua. As such, Sun and Hu were considered to be a leading candidate for a top leadership position in the "6th Generation of Chinese leadership". However, Xi Jinping, the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, changed the game by abandoning the successors designated by his predecessors.

paragraphs: In July 14, 2017, Sun was removed from the post of Communist Party Secretary of Chongqing, and investigated for wrong-doings. On July 24, the Chinese official news agency reported that Sun violated CPC's disciplines. On September 29, Sun was stripped of his CPC membership, fired from his government position, and charged for crime. On May 8, 2018, Sun was sentenced for life in prison.


title: Undue burden standard

paragraphs: The undue burden standard is a constitutional test created by the Supreme Court of the United States. The test, first developed in the late 19th century, is widely used in American constitutional law. In short, the Undue Burden standard says the legislature cannot make a particular law that is too burdensome or restrictive of one's fundamental rights.

paragraphs: One use of the standard was in "Morgan v. Commonwealth of Virginia," 328 U.S. 373 (1946). In a 7-to-1 ruling, Associate Justice Stanley Forman Reed fashioned an "undue burden" test to decide the constitutionality of a Virginia law requiring separate but equal racial segregation in public transportation. "There is a recognized abstract principle, however, that may be taken as a postulate for testing whether particular state legislation in the absence of action by Congress is beyond state power. This is that the state legislation is invalid if it unduly burdens that commerce in matters where uniformity is necessary—necessary in the constitutional sense of useful in accomplishing a permitted purpose."

paragraphs: More recently, the standard has been used in cases involving state restrictions on a woman's access to abortion. The standard was applied by Associate Justice Sandra Day O'Connor in her dissent in "City of Akron v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health," 462 US 416 (1983). O'Connor used the test as an alternative to the strict scrutiny test applied in "Roe v. Wade," 410 U.S. 113 (1973).


Castillo


title: Castillo-Albaráñez

paragraphs: Castillo-Albaráñez is a municipality in Cuenca, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. It has a population of 28.


title: Castillo de Garcimuñoz

paragraphs: Castillo de Garcimuñoz is a municipality in Cuenca, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. It has a population of 209.


title: El Oasis

paragraphs: El Oasis is a rural community in Ojinaga Municipality, Chihuahua, Mexico. It had a population of 475 inhabitants at the 2010 census. It is also situated at 1,204 meters above sea level.


title: February 2016 Ankara bombing

paragraphs: The February 2016 Ankara bombing was a car bombing in Ankara, Turkey, in the afternoon of 17 February 2016. An operation was launched against the suspected attackers.


title: April Winchell

paragraphs: April Winchell Foley (born January 4, 1960) is an American voice actress, writer, talk radio host, commentator and comedian. She is best known for voicing Clarabelle Cow in "Mickey Mouse ClubHouse" and various other Disney projects.

paragraphs: She is the daughter of comedian and ventriloquist, Paul Winchell.

paragraphs: She was married Mick Kuisel until they divorced. She has been married to John Foley since 2013.


title: Bursitis

paragraphs: Bursitis is a painful condition. Small sacs called bursae get inflamed. Bursae are pockets between your muscles and your bones. Your bursa help you move without pain. In bursitis, the inflammation is often caused by extra fluid in the bursae. The most common places to have bursitis are in your hip and shoulder. You can also have bursitis in your elbow, knee and toe.

paragraphs: One of the most common symptoms of bursitis is pain. It can also cause stiffness and swelling. Pain happens when you move your joints.

paragraphs: The most common cause of bursitis is moving your joints too much. Swelling can happen when the joint locks.

paragraphs: There are a few ways to treat bursitis. The best way to treat bursitis is to rest the joint and to lift it up. You can also put a medicine called cortisone into the hurt bursa. You should put it on ice for twenty minutes three to four times a day.


title: Mohamed Hassanein Heikal

paragraphs: Mohamed Hassanein Heikal (23 September 1923 – 17 February 2016) was an Egyptian journalist. For 17 years (1957–1974), he was editor-in-chief of the Cairo newspaper "Al-Ahram". He was a commentator on Arab affairs for more than 50 years. He was born in Cairo, Egypt.

paragraphs: Heikal died in Cairo, Egypt from renal failure on 17 February 2016. He was aged 92.


title: Akbar Kakkattil

paragraphs: Akbar Kakkattil (7 July 1954 – 17 February 2016) was an Indian short-story writer and novelist. He was born in Kerala state. His works are known for their unique narrative style which has been seen as full of humour. His work, "Sarga Sameeksha", a creative and critical interface of a young writer with the iconic writers of the old generation is perhaps the first of its kind among Indian languages.

paragraphs: Kakkattil died in a hospital in Kerala from lung cancer on 17 February 2016. He was aged 62.


title: Andrzej Żuławski

paragraphs: Andrzej Żuławski (; 22 November 1940 – 17 February 2016) was a Polish movie director and writer. He was born in Lwów, Poland (now Ukraine).

paragraphs: In the late 1950s, he studied filmmaking in France. His second movie "The Devil" (1972) was banned in Poland, and Żuławski went to France. After the success of "" in 1975, he returned to Poland where he spent two years making "On the Silver Globe" (1988). After that, Żuławski moved to France where he became known for controversial and violent art-house movies. Żuławski is also known for his work with actresses including Romy Schneider, Isabelle Adjani and Sophie Marceau.

paragraphs: Żuławski died of pancreatic cancer in Warsaw on 17 February 2016. He was aged 75.


title: Mies Bouwman

paragraphs: Maria Antoinette "Mies" Bouwman (31 December 1929 – 26 February 2018) was a retired Dutch television presenter. She was born in Amsterdam. She started her career on the very first broadcasting evening of the Dutch broadcasting association KRO (Catholic Radio Broadcaster) on 16 October 1951.

paragraphs: Bouwman developed and hosted "Eén van de acht". It was known in the UK as "The Generation Game". She hosted many talk shows, as well as the Dutch version of "This Is Your Life". She stopped her regular work after falling sick but has occasionally returned for special programs.

paragraphs: Bouwman died on 26 February 2018 in Elst, Netherlands of cardiomyopathy at the age of 88.


title: Ludwig (surname)

paragraphs: Ludwig is German name. It can be a given name for males or a surname. It means "famous warrior".


title: Casas de Haro

paragraphs: Casas de Haro is a municipality in Cuenca, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. It has a population of 910.


title: Casas de los Pinos

paragraphs: Casas de los Pinos is a municipality in Cuenca, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. It has a population of 531.


title: Casas de Guijarro

paragraphs: Casas de Guijarro is a municipality in Cuenca, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. It has a population of 135.


title: Casas de Garcimolina

paragraphs: Casas de Garcimolina is a municipality in Cuenca, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. It has a population of 39.


title: Casas de Fernando Alonso

paragraphs: Casas de Fernando Alonso is a municipality in Cuenca, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. It has a population of 1,405.


title: Casas de Benítez

paragraphs: Casas de Benítez is a municipality in Cuenca, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. It has a population of 1,118.


title: Yacouba Sawadogo

paragraphs: Yacouba Sawadogo is a farmer from Burkina Faso, a country in West Africa. He has been using a traditional farming technique called Zaï to help soil damaged by drought. He is notable for spreading an improved soil and water conservation practice in Burkina Faso.

paragraphs: He went to a religious school where the students often didn't have enough to eat. Since he was the smallest and youngest, he was the one who had to go without.

paragraphs: The northern parts of Burkina Faso are very dry and often have droughts. The most recent big drought in happened in the 1970s, resulting in a famine (lack of food) which killed a lot of people.

paragraphs: The drought caused a lot of desertification. There were also other problems like overgrazing, bad land management, and overpopulation. These problems meant that a lot of land could not be used to grow food.

paragraphs: Together with Mathieu Ouédraogo, another local farmer, Yacouba Sawadogo tried different ways of fixing bad soil in about 1980. He uses simple traditional things: cordons pierreux (lines of stones) and zaï holes. Both Sawadogo and Ouédraogo have tried to get other people to do the same things.

paragraphs: Cordons pierreux are thin lines of fist-sized stones laid across fields. They catch water. When rain falls, it pushes silt (special dirt) across top of the field. The rocks slow down the water so it soaks into the ground more. The silt also makes a good place for seeds of local plants to grow. The plants slow the water even more, and their roots break up the soil, so it's easier for more water to soak in.

paragraphs: Zaï holes are holes dug in the soil. They also catch water, but in a different way. They used to only be used a little bit to make land better for growing plants. Yacouba Sawadogo had the idea to fill the holes with manure and other things to make food for the plants. The manure attracts termites, whose tunnels help break up the soil even more. He also made the holes slightly bigger than the traditional ones. Zaï holes have been used to help cultivate trees, and crops like sorghum and millet.

paragraphs: Yacouba Sawadogo holds "Market Days" to get other people to do these things, especially zaï holes. People come to share seeds and learn from each another.

paragraphs: Yacouba Sawadogo's work with zaï holes helped him make a forest of about fifty acres (20 hectares). The nearby city of Ouahigouya took the land to make money. Sawadogo and his family members each get one tenth of out of the plot, and don't get any other payment.

paragraphs: Sawadogo is trying to get $20,000 (American dollars) to buy the land.


title: Zaï

paragraphs: Zaï is a technique used in agriculture. Holes are dug in the soil to catch water. They have been used in the western Sahel area to make soil healthier and grow more plants.

paragraphs: Yacouba Sawadogo, a farmer from Burkina Faso, is bringing back zaï holes. He came up with the idea of filling them with manure and compost as food for plants. The manure attracts termites, whose tunnels help further break up the soil. He also made the holes slightly bigger than the traditional ones. Zaï holes help trees, sorghum, and millet make up to 500% more food or wood.


title: Jury trial

paragraphs: A jury trial or trial by jury is a legal proceeding in which a jury either makes a decision or makes findings of fact. This is called a verdict. The judge usually follows the jury's verdict in his ruling. It is distinguished from a bench trial, in which a judge or panel of judges make all decisions.

paragraphs: William the Conqueror brought to England a system of having witnesses who had any knowledge of a crime, tell the court what they knew. They did this after first swearing an oath. The word juror in English comes from the French "jurer" (to swear). In the 12th century juries were used by the king to discover and present facts. Usually this was in answer to questions posed by the king or his ministers who made the final decision in the case. Eventually this led to a system where the jury made a verdict based on evidence. In the late colonial period, juries became a tool used to express American discontent with British rule. A series of Navigation Acts prohibited the American colonies from trading directly with the Netherlands, Spain, France, and their colonies. As more and more trade restriction were imposed, the American colonists turned to smuggling. When smugglers were caught, they were brought before juries made up of other colonists. These sympathetic juries often acquitted their fellow colonists. The king, angered at these lawbreakers going free, created new courts that did not allow juries. This was a breach of common law practice and infringed on their rights as British citizens. After the Revolutionary war, the Seventh Amendment's right to a jury trial was written to limit the powers of the executive and the Judicial branches of the new federal government.

paragraphs: Jury trials are changing worldwide. In 2008 Russia abolished jury trials in cases of treason and terrorism. Britain, where juries got their start, is using them less in cases of serious fraud and may ban them from some inquests. In many asian countries, their legal systems are moving towards using the jury trial more. In the United States jury trials are on the decline. In federal courts

paragraphs: The right to a jury trial in civil cases is found in the United States but in very few other places. England, Canada, Australia and New Zealand have all but done away with civil jury trials in favor of bench trials. Fewer than 1 percent of civil trials in the US are jury trials. The Seventh Amendment prevents judges from overturning a jury verdict in federal cases where the finding of fact is reasonably supported by the evidence. In addition, the Sixth Amendment guarantees the right to a speedy trial by an impartial jury in criminal trials.


title: Lacrimal bone

paragraphs: The lacrimal bone is the smallest bone in the face; about the size of the little fingernail. It is at the front of the inside wall of the eye socket.

paragraphs: The lacrimal bone is involved in crying. It is part of the tear duct, where tears drain from the eye. The lacrimal sac is where tears flow when you cry. The tears then go down a duct inside the nose. This is why you can get a runny nose from crying.


title: Warren Zevon

paragraphs: Warren William Zevon (January 24, 1947 – September 7, 2003) was an American rock singer-songwriter and musician known for including his strange and somewhat critical opinions of life in his lyrics. Zevon wrote many songs that were humorous and often political

paragraphs: Many famous musicians have said they liked Zevon's work, including Jackson Browne, Bruce Springsteen, Bob Dylan, and Neil Young. His most famous songs include "Werewolves of London", "Lawyers, Guns and Money", "Roland the Headless Thompson Gunner" and "Johnny Strikes Up The Band." All of these are from his third and most famous album: "Excitable Boy" (1978). Zevon has written many songs that were recorded by other artists. These include "Poor Poor Pitiful Me" (a top 40 hit by Linda Ronstadt), "Accidentally Like a Martyr," "Mohammed's Radio," "Carmelita", and "Hasten Down the Wind".

paragraphs: Zevon sometimes recorded or sang cover songs. He liked to sing Bob Dylan's "Knockin' on Heaven's Door" and Leonard Cohen's "First We Take Manhattan". He was often a guest on "Late Night with David Letterman" and the "Late Show with David Letterman". Letterman later sang with Zevon on "Hit Somebody! (The Hockey Song)" with Paul Shaffer and members of the CBS Orchestra.

paragraphs: He had a lot of problems in his life, including divorce, alcoholism, and suicide attempts. He also had a paranoia of doctors and this killed him: he did not know he had cancer until doctors could not help him.

paragraphs: Zevon was born in Chicago, Illinois. His parents were to William Zevon, a Secular Jew and Beverly Cope Simmons, a Mormon from Salt Lake City, Utah. They soon moved to Fresno, California. By the age of 13, Zevon sometimes visited Igor Stravinsky where he studied modern classical music. Zevon's parents divorced when he was 16 years old. After the divorce, he dropped out of high school and moved from Los Angeles to New York to become a folk singer.

paragraphs: In 1978, Zevon released his most popular and critically acclaimed album "Excitable Boy". Radio stations often played the songs off the album, especially "Werewolves of London." "Werewolves of London" and "Excitable Boy" were both examples of black humor (jokes about bad things). The album also had the songs "Roland the Headless Thompson Gunner" and "Lawyers, Guns and Money," which were both deadpan humor songs about geopolitics.

paragraphs: "Rolling Stone" named the album one of the most important albums in the 1970s. They said that he, Neil Young, Jackson Browne, and Bruce Springsteen were four of the best new artists to emerge in the 1970s.

paragraphs: After "Excitable Boy" Warren Zevon published "Bad Luck Streak in Dancing School" in 1980. This album had the only other song recorded by Zevon that reached the Billboard Top 100: "A Certain Girl." "A Certain Girl" is a rhythm and blues song written by Allen Toussaint.

paragraphs: This album was dedicated to Ken Millar, who calls himself "Ross Macdonald." Millar is a writer who writes mystery novels, and Zevon really liked Millar's stories. He met Millar in an intervention put together by the journalist Paul Nelson. For awhile this intervention helped Zevon not drink too much alcohol.

paragraphs: Warren Zevon did not like to go to the doctor, and never went to one when he was an adult. Before playing at the Edmonton Folk Music Festival in 2002, he started feeling dizzy and started to have a chronic cough. When Zevon told his dentist his problems, his dentist recommended seeing a doctor. When he finally visited one, the doctor diagnosed him with mesothelmia.

paragraphs: Warren Zevon did not want to get treated for his cancer if it might keep him from making music. So instead he started to make his final album, titled "The Wind". He had a lot of friends who helped him make the album. These friends included Bruce Springsteen, Don Henley, Jackson Browne, Timothy B. Schmit, Joe Walsh, David Lindley, Billy Bob Thornton, Emmylou Harris, Tom Petty, Dwight Yoakam, and others.


title: Papa John's Pizza

paragraphs: Papa John's is the third largest pizza company based in the United States. Its headquarters are in Louisville, Kentucky, U.S. It was founded by John Schnatter in 1984.


title: Shrew opossum

paragraphs: The order Paucituberculata contains the six surviving species of shrew opossum. "Caenolestes" is the main genus, and the group as a whole may be called 'caenolestids'.

paragraphs: They are small, shrew-like marsupials of the Andes mountains of South America.

paragraphs: 20 million years ago, there were at least seven genera in South America. Today, just three genera remain. They live in inaccessible forest and grassland regions of the high Andes.

paragraphs: Insectivores were absent from South America until the Great American Interchange three million years ago, and are present now only in the northwestern part of the continent. Shrew opossums have lost ground to the these and other placental invaders that fill the same ecological niches. Nevertheless, the ranges of shrew opossums and insectivores overlap broadly.

paragraphs: Shrew opossums are about the size of a small rat (9–14 cm long), with thin limbs, a long, pointed snout and a slender, hairy tail. They are largely carnivorous, being active hunters of insects, earthworms and small vertebrates. They have small eyes and poor sight, and hunt in the early evening and at night, using their hearing and long, sensitive whiskers to locate prey. They seem to spend much of their lives in underground burrows and on surface runways.

paragraphs: Largely because of their rugged, inaccessible habitat, they are very poorly known. Recent studies suggest that they may be more common than had been thought.


title: Australidelphia

paragraphs: The Australidelphia is a superorder of Australasian marsupial mammals.

paragraphs: It consists in five extant (living) orders, which contain most of the world's marsupials.


title: ÖFB Ladies Cup

paragraphs: The ÖFB Ladies Cup is the Cup competition in Austrian women soccer. It was first played in the 1972/73 season under the guidance of the Vienna Football association as Ladies Cup. Since the 1992/93 season the Ladies cup is under the guidance of the ÖFB (Austrian Football Association) and is called ÖFB-Ladies-Cup. From 2004 till 2009 the competition was called ÖFB-Stiegl-Ladies-Cup, after the main sponsor of the cup, a brewery from Salzburg.

paragraphs: The Cup is played with 32 teams in five rounds. The ten members of the ÖFB-Frauenliga and 22 teams from the nine federal states take part. In the first round the teams were drawn after local aspects.


title: Lepidodendron

paragraphs: Lepidodendron is an extinct genus of primitive (tree-like) plant. They were the first large land plants, and a major part of the coal forest tropical flora.

paragraphs: They were huge, over , and the trunks were often over in diameter.

paragraphs: Sometimes called 'giant club mosses', they are actually closer to the quillworts "Isoetes" than to clubmosses.

paragraphs: They thrived during the Pennsylvanian sub-period of the Carboniferous 315–300 million years years ago.

paragraphs: The conditions were tropical swamps and rain forests of a huge river system much larger that the Amazon basin.

paragraphs: The river plain which was the heart of the wetland stretched across Pangaea 5000 km from eastern Canada to the Ukraine, and was 700 km wide. This would make the Pennsylvanian basin larger than any wetlands on Earth today.

paragraphs: The rainforest system collapsed about halfway through the Pennsylvanian, and was replaced by a cooler, drier climate.

paragraphs: The wetland forests ended when the land level was raised by the pressure of the Gondwana continent against Laurussia, causing the zone of contact to be raised. The end of the Coal Measures marks the end of the Carboniferous period. China was too far away to be affected, and there the wetland forests continued for another 50 million years, into the early Permian.

paragraphs: "Lepidodendron" had tall, thick trunks that rarely branched and were topped with a crown of bifurcating branches bearing clusters of leaves. These leaves were long and narrow, similar to large blades of grass, and were spirally-arranged.

paragraphs: The closely packed diamond-shaped leaf scars left on the trunk and stems as the plant grew provide some of the most interesting and common fossils in Carboniferous shales and accompanying coal deposits. These fossils look much like tire tracks or alligator skin.

paragraphs: The scars, or leaf cushions, were composed of green photosynthetic tissue, evidenced by the cuticle covering and being dotted with stomata, microscopic pores through which carbon dioxide from the air diffuses into plants. Likewise, the trunks of "Lepidodendron" would have been green, unlike modern trees which have scaly, non-photosynthetic brown or gray bark.

paragraphs: "Lepidodendron" has been likened to a giant herb. The trunks produced very little, if any, wood. Most structural support came from a thick, bark-like region. This region remained around the trunk as a rigid layer that did not flake off like that of most modern trees. As the tree grew, the leaf cushions expanded to accommodate the increasing width of the trunk.

paragraphs: The branches of this plant ended in cone-like structures. "Lepidodendron" did not produce seeds like many modern plants. Instead, it reproduced by means of spores.

paragraphs: Stigmaria are a type of branching tree root fossil found in Carboniferous rocks. They were the roots of coal forest lycopsid trees such as "Sigillaria" and "Lepidodendron". Each trunk had four of those roots. "Stigmaria" is a "form taxon", as the genus and species of the plant bearing the root cannot be identified.


title: DuPont

paragraphs: E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company (often DuPont) is an American chemical company. Eleuthère Irénée du Pont founded it in July 1802 as a gunpowder mill. DuPont was the world's third largest chemical company based on market capitalization and ninth based on revenue in 2009. Its stock price is a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average.

paragraphs: In the 20th century, DuPont developed many polymers such as Vespel, neoprene, nylon, Corian, Teflon, Mylar, Kevlar, Zemdrain, M5 fiber, Nomex, Tyvek, Sorona and Lycra. DuPont developed Freon (chlorofluorocarbons) for the cooling industry and later, more environmentally friendly refrigerants. It developed synthetic pigments and paints including ChromaFlair.

paragraphs: Some of DuPont's trademarked brands have become genericized. For instance, “neoprene” was originally intended to be a trademark, but quickly came into common usage.


title: Melendi

paragraphs: Ramón Melendi Espinosa (born 21 January 1979 in Oviedo, Asturias) is a Spanish pop and rumba singer. He studied in the school, Leopoldo Alas "Clarín" with the Formula 1 pilot Fernando Alonso. He wrote a song for him called "Magic Alonso".

paragraphs: In 2003, Melendi made his first album "Sin noticias de Holanda" which had 12 songs. In December of the same year, he wrote two new songs, "Asturias" and "Moratalá", which were very successful. In 2004, one of his songs, "Con la luna llena", was chosen as the official song of a Spanish bicycling event called "La vuelta ciclista España". One year later, he made his second single album "Que el cielo espere sentao". He sold more than 200,000 copies of it. Some years later he made three more albums.

paragraphs: Melendi sings in concerts around Spain and South America.


title: Mojang

paragraphs: Mojang AB is a Swedish video game company made by Markus Persson, known for making "Minecraft". It started in May 2009. It is currently the company that created and updates "Minecraft" but also develops some other games.

paragraphs: On September 15, 2014, Microsoft bought Mojang for 2.5 billion US dollars. After the deal was made, Markus Persson announced that he would leave Mojang.


title: Marsupial mole

paragraphs: Marsupial moles (Notoryctidae) is a family of marsupials of the order Notoryctemorphia. There are only two extant species:

paragraphs: The two species of marsupial moles are rare and poorly understood burrowing mammals of the deserts of Western Australia.

paragraphs: Marsupial moles spend most of their time underground, coming to the surface only occasionally, probably mostly after rains. They are blind, their eyes having become reduced to vestigial lenses under the skin, and they have no external ears, just a pair of tiny holes hidden under thick hair. They do not dig permanent burrows, filling the tunnel in behind them as they move.


title: Homininae

paragraphs: Homininae is a subfamily of Hominidae, which includes humans, gorillas, and chimpanzees.

paragraphs: Most importantly, it also includes extinct human relatives such as Ardipithecus, Australopithecus, and earlier species of the genus "Homo". It includes all those hominid species which arose after the split from the other great apes.


title: FC Stattegg

paragraphs: FC Stattegg is a women's football club from Stattegg, Austria. The club plays in the ÖFB-Frauenliga, the highest class in Austrian women soccer. The second squad is playing in a Styrian league.

paragraphs: as 20 May 2011, in brackets national team


title: Trégastel

paragraphs: Trégastel is a commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France.

paragraphs: These are the official sister cities of Trégastel:


title: Garret FitzGerald

paragraphs: Garret Desmond FitzGerald (9 February 1926 – 19 May 2011) was an Irish politician who served twice as Taoiseach (prime minister) of Ireland, from 1981 to 1982 and again from 1982 to 1987. Elected to Seanad Éireann in 1965, and in 1969 to Dáil Éireann as a Teachta Dála (TD), he served as Ireland's foreign minister from 1973 to 1977 and as leader of Fine Gael from 1977 to 1987.

paragraphs: FitzGerald was born in Dublin in 1926 into a very politically active family. His father was Desmond FitzGerald, His mother, the former Mabel Washington McConnell, was a nationalist and republican of Ulster Protestant descent.

paragraphs: He was educated at the Jesuit Belvedere College and University College Dublin (UCD). A bright student who counted among his contemporaries in UCD his future political rival, Charles Haughey, who also knew Joan O'Farrell (the Liverpool-born daughter of a British army officer), a fellow student whom FitzGerald would marry in 1947.

paragraphs: He later qualified as a barrister from the King's Inns of Ireland.

paragraphs: FitzGerald was eager to enter politics and, although it was suggested by several members of Fianna Fáil (including Charles Haughey) that he should join them, he made his entry into party politics under the banner of Fine Gael. He was elected to Seanad Éireann in 1965 and soon built up his political profile. FitzGerald was elected to Dáil Éireann at the 1969 general election, for the Dublin South-East constituency.

paragraphs: After the 1973 general election, Fine Gael came to power in a coalition government with the Labour Party, with Liam Cosgrave as Taoiseach. FitzGerald hoped that he would take over as Minister for Finance, however the position went to Richie Ryan, with FitzGerald becoming Minister for Foreign Affairs.

paragraphs: Ireland was no longer a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, but in 1973 had joined the European Economic Community (EEC), now known as the European Union (EU). FitzGerald, with his innovative views, energy and fluency in the French language, won Ireland a status in European affairs far beyond the country's size and ensured that the first Irish presidency of the European Council in 1975 was a noted success.

paragraphs: In 1977, the National Coalition of Fine Gael and Labour suffered a disastrous electoral defeat in the general election. Liam Cosgrave resigned as party leader and FitzGerald was chosen by acclamation to succeed him.

paragraphs: Under FitzGerald, Fine Gael experienced a rapid rise in support and popularity. After the November 1982 election it held only five seats fewer than Fianna Fáil (their closest ever margin until 2011; at times Fianna Fáil was nearly twice as large), with Fine Gael in the Oireachtas than Fianna Fáil, who had been the dominant force in Irish politics for 40 years.

paragraphs: By the time of the 1981 general election, Fine Gael won 65 seats and formed a minority coalition government with the Labour Party and the support of a number of Independent TDs. FitzGerald was elected Taoiseach, on 30 June 1981.

paragraphs: Two key problems faced FitzGerald during his first period: Northern Ireland and the worsening economic situation. On one occasion where he met with relatives of the H-Block hunger strikers, two of Thomas McElwee's sisters, Mary and Nora, broke down and left the meeting; Mary said to the media outside that "he's doing nothing, he's asking for suggestions". FitzGerald then ordered Gardaí to remove the families from the meeting.

paragraphs: In the subsequent general election in February 1982, Fine Gael lost only two seats but were out of power. However, a third general election within eighteen months, in November 1982, resulted in FitzGerald being returned as Taoiseach for a second time, heading a Fine Gael–Labour coalition with a working majority.

paragraphs: As Taoiseach for a second time, FitzGerald advocated a liberalisation of Irish society. His attempt to introduce divorce was defeated in a referendum, although he did liberalise Ireland's contraception laws.

paragraphs: A controversial Pro-Life Amendment (anti-abortion clause), which was stated to recognise the "Right to Life of the Unborn, with due regard to the Equal Right to Life of the Mother", was added to the Irish constitution—against FitzGerald's advice—in a 1983 national referendum.

paragraphs: FitzGerald set up the New Ireland Forum in 1983, which brought together representatives of the constitutional political parties in the Republic and the nationalist SDLP from Northern Ireland. It provided the incentive for the reopening of serious negotiations between the Irish and British governments, which resulted in the Anglo-Irish Agreement of 1985.

paragraphs: While the Agreement was rejected and criticised by Unionists, it was said to become the basis for developing trust and common action between the Irish and British governments which, in time, would ultimately bring about the Downing Street Declaration of 1993 and, subsequently, the republican and loyalist cease-fires.

paragraphs: In January 1987, the Labour Party members of the government withdrew from the government over disagreements due to budget proposals. FitzGerald continued as Taoiseach, heading a minority Fine Gael government and proposed the stringent budgetary cutbacks that Labour had blocked for some four years. Fianna Fáil returned to power in March 1987, after Fine Gael were heavily defeated in the 1987 general election, and Charles Haughey was elected Taoiseach.

paragraphs: FitzGerald retired as leader of Fine Gael immediately after the election of Charles Haughey as Taoiseach, and retired completely from politics at the 1992 general election. His wife, Joan, died before him in 1999; after that FitzGerald wrote a weekly column every Saturday in "The Irish Times", and lectured widely at home and abroad on public affairs.

paragraphs: In 2009, FitzGerald had received a new ministerial car, the first and only one to have been bought by the state since an economic recession hit the country in 2008.

paragraphs: On 5 May 2011, it was reported that FitzGerald was seriously ill in a Dublin hospital. The Taoiseach, Enda Kenny, sent his regards and called him an "institution". He was put on a ventilator. On 19 May he died aged 85, from pneumonia, at the Mater Private Hospital in Dublin.


title: Allineuc

paragraphs: Allineuc is a commune. It is found in the Bretagne region in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France.


title: Andel (Côtes-d'Armor)

paragraphs: Andel is a commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France.


title: Aucaleuc

paragraphs: Aucaleuc is a commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France.


title: Bégard

paragraphs: Bégard is a commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France.


title: Belle-Isle-en-Terre

paragraphs: Belle-Isle-en-Terre is a commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France.


title: Berhet

paragraphs: Berhet () is a commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France.


title: Binic

paragraphs: Binic is a former commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France. Once a commune of its own, Binic is now part of the commune of Binic-Étables-sur-Mer, following a merger on 1 March 2016.


title: Bobital

paragraphs: Bobital (, Gallo: "Bobitau") is a commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France.


title: Le Bodéo

paragraphs: Le Bodéo (, Gallo: "Le Bodéo") is a commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France.


title: Boqueho

paragraphs: Boqueho is a commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France.


title: La Bouillie

paragraphs: La Bouillie is a commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France.


title: Bourbriac

paragraphs: Bourbriac is a commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France.


title: Pollensa

paragraphs: Pollensa is a village in the Balearic Islands, Spain. It is on the island of Mallorca, which is in the north. Pollensa is a popular tourist area.

paragraphs: It highlights the Calvary or the Puente Romano, 19th century and is on the Torrente de Sant Jordi, the Municipal Museum, the Music Festival and numerous art exhibitions.

paragraphs: The Port of Pollensa has a long promenade and wide beaches. La Cala de San Vicente has a set of coves with crystalline waters and a set of prehistoric caves.


title: Fotherby

paragraphs: Fotherby is a village and civil parish in Lincolnshire, England. In 2001 there were 437 people living in Fotherby.


title: Radwinter

paragraphs: Radwinter is a village and civil parish in Uttlesford, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 595 people living in Radwinter.


title: Brantham

paragraphs: Brantham is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 2,606 people living in Brantham.


title: Glemsford

paragraphs: Glemsford is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 3,286 people living in Glemsford.


title: Sproughton

paragraphs: Sproughton (pronounced Spror-ton) is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England, just to the west of Ipswich. In 2016, there were 764 people living in Sproughton.


title: Kirton

paragraphs: Kirton is a village and civil parish in Suffolk Coastal, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 1,086 people living in Kirton.


title: Pettistree

paragraphs: Pettistree is a village and civil parish in Suffolk Coastal, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 205 people living in Pettistree.


title: Lakenheath

paragraphs: Lakenheath is a village and civil parish in Forest Heath, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 4,490 people living in Lakenheath.


title: Littleport

paragraphs: Littleport is a village and civil parish in Cambridgeshire, England. In 2001 there were 7,521 people living in Littleport.


title: Brent Eleigh

paragraphs: Brent Eleigh is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 174 people living in Brent Eleigh.


title: Burstall

paragraphs: Burstall is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 189 people living in Burstall.


title: Lamarsh

paragraphs: Lamarsh is a village and civil parish in Braintree district, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 177 people living in Lamarsh.


title: Whatfield

paragraphs: Whatfield is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 318 people living in Whatfield.


title: Woolverstone

paragraphs: Woolverstone is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 244 people living in Woolverstone.


title: Elmsett

paragraphs: Elmsett is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 730 people living in Elmsett.


title: Preston St Mary

paragraphs: Preston St Mary is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 220 people living in Preston St Mary.


title: Chattisham

paragraphs: Chattisham is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 138 people living in Chattisham.


title: Shotley

paragraphs: Shotley is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 2,373 people living in Shotley.


title: Wickham Market

paragraphs: Wickham Market is a village and civil parish in Suffolk Coastal, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 2,204 people living in Wickham Market.


title: Groove metal

paragraphs: Groove metal is a post-thrash subgenre of heavy metal. It is often used to describe Pantera and Exhorder. Groove metal is basically thrash metal. but at a slower tempo. It also has aggressive and strong vocals, heavy sounding bass riffs and heavy guitar riffs with typical heavy metal solos.


title: Petroleum coke

paragraphs: Petroleum coke is a solid that is mainly made of carbon. It is similar to coke, but it is gained from petroleum (coke is made from coal). Petroleum coke can be used as an industrial fuel, but there are very toxic by-products based on nickel and vanadium which make this problematic. Petroleum coke is also used in the aluminum industry, and in the heat treatment of steel and iron.


title: Elmswell

paragraphs: Elmswell is a village and civil parish in Mid Suffolk, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 3,359 people living in Elmswell.


title: Woolpit

paragraphs: Woolpit is a village and civil parish in Mid Suffolk, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 1,968 people living in Woolpit.


title: Wetherden

paragraphs: Wetherden is a village and civil parish in Mid Suffolk, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 557 people living in Wetherden.


title: Waldringfield

paragraphs: Waldringfield is a village and civil parish in Suffolk Coastal, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 460 people living in Waldringfield.


title: Stokenham

paragraphs: Stokenham is a village and civil parish in South Hams, Devon, England. In 2001 there were 1,949 people living in Stokenham.


title: Hatfield Peverel

paragraphs: Hatfield Peverel is a village and civil parish in Braintree, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 4,384 people living in Hatfield Peverel.


title: Nacton

paragraphs: Nacton is a village and civil parish in Suffolk Coastal, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 672 people living in Nacton.


title: Ousby

paragraphs: Ousby is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 362 people living in Ousby.


title: Tostock

paragraphs: Tostock is a village and civil parish in Mid Suffolk, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 414 people living in Tostock.


title: Kirkburton

paragraphs: Kirkburton is a village in Kirklees, West Yorkshire, England. In 2001 there were 23,986 people living in Kirkburton.


title: Keighley

paragraphs: Keighley ( ) is a town and civil parish in Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. In 2001 there were 51,429 people living in Keighley.


title: Van Cliburn

paragraphs: Harvey Lavan "Van" Cliburn Jr. (July 12, 1934 – February 27, 2013) was an American pianist.

paragraphs: Cliburn was born in Shreveport, Louisiana on July 12, 1934. He moved to Kilgore, Texas at age six. He died on February 27, 2013 from bone cancer in Fort Worth, Texas, aged 78.

paragraphs: As an honour, a street in Fort Worth, Texas was named after him.


title: Marlesford

paragraphs: Marlesford is a village and civil parish in Suffolk Coastal, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 223 people living in Marlesford.


title: Ivinghoe

paragraphs: Ivinghoe is a village and civil parish in Aylesbury Vale, Buckinghamshire, England. In 2001 there were 904 people living in Ivinghoe.


title: Robert Malone

paragraphs: Robert Malone (born February 4, 1988 in Orange, California) is an American football punter for the New York Jets of the National Football League (NFL).

paragraphs: Malone was undrafted but played college football at Fresno State University. Malone was also on the roster of the Jacksonville Jaguars but was cut before training camp because they decided to stay with their current punter at that time Adam Podlesh. Malone has also played for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in 2010 and the Detroit Lions in 2012.


title: Robert Capron

paragraphs: Robert Capron (born July 9, 1998) is an American child actor, movie producer, movie director, screenwriter, and comedian. He was in "Diary of a Wimpy Kid" series as Rowley Jefferson. He was in "Frankenweenie" in 2012.


title: Nmap

paragraphs: Nmap is a computer program that is used for "port scanning" (finding out all the ways a computer communicates with other computers on a network). It was written by Gordon Lyon. It can also do other kinds of scanning. This is because Nmap is open source, so many people can help write it to make it better.

paragraphs: Nmap works on most operating systems. It works on Linux, Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, Solaris, and BSD. Most people use it on Linux, but many people use it on Windows.

paragraphs: Nmap also finds out other things about computers. It can find out DNS names, MAC addresses, and the kind of computer it is.


title: 2011 Super Outbreak

paragraphs: In late April 2011, there was a major tornado outbreak, the worst in U.S history. 3 EF5 tornadoes dropped down along with 13 EF4 tornadoes and 23 EF3 tornadoes. That was a major tornado outbreak.

paragraphs: On the evening of April 25, dangerous supercells started forming across Arkansas, Northeast Texas, and Southeast Oklahoma. The supercells then merged into a massive squall line of severe thunderstorms. The severe thunderstorms produced tornadoes. Then, heavy rain formed northwest of the line of severe thunderstorms and tornadoes. An EF2 tornado struck Vilonia, Arkansas, and an EF3 tornado struck Hot Springs Village, Arkansas. Later, the severe thunderstorms and tornadoes moved into Tennessee and Mississippi.

paragraphs: On April 26, the severe thunderstorms and tornadoes moved back into Texas, Oklahoma, and Arkansas. On the evening of April 26, dangerous supercells formed over Texas. Those supercells produced dangerous tornadoes, like EF2 or EF3. Then, those supecells moved into Oklahoma and Arkansas. The squall line of severe thunderstorms moved back into Tennessee and Mississippi.

paragraphs: On April 27, the supercells moved into Tennessee and Mississippi, and the squall line of severe thunderstorms moved into Alabama. Then, the supercells moved into Alabama, and produced 3 EF5 tornadoes, 13 EF4 tornadoes, and 23 EF3 tornadoes. The squall line of severe thunderstorms moved into Kentucky, North Carolina, and South Carolina.

paragraphs: On April 28, the supercells merged into a very large squall line, and moved into Kentucky and the Carolinas. The old squall line of severe thunderstrms moved into Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, New Jersey, and New York. Then later, the new squall line moved into Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, New Jersey, and New York. The storm produced some tornadoes.


title: Brian Billick

paragraphs: Brian Harold Billick (born February 28, 1954 in Fairborn, Ohio) is a retired American football player and coach. He is a National Football League game analyst for Fox. Billick was the offensive coordinator for the Minnesota Vikings offense in 1998. He coached the 2000 Baltimore Ravens when they won Super Bowl XXXV. He was fired as head coach of the Ravens on December 31, 2007. He still remains friends with Baltimore Ravens owner Steve Bisciotti. He has said that Bisciotti did what he believed was best for the Ravens.

paragraphs: Billick was a studio analyst by ABC Sports. After being fired by the Ravens, he became a draft analyst for the NFL Network during the 2008 NFL Draft. He is also an analyst on NFL Total Access. He has provided on-location analysis for the NFL Scouting Combine and NFL Draft.

paragraphs: Billick was drafted in the 11th round of the 1977 NFL Draft by the San Francisco 49ers. However, he was cut by the 49ers and the Dallas Cowboys. He never played in the NFL.