title: Constantine VII

paragraphs: Constantine VII "Porphyrogennetos" or "Porphyrogenitus", "the Purple-born" (), (September 2, 905 – November 9, 959) was the son of the Byzantine emperor Leo VI and his fourth wife Zoe Karbonopsina. He was also the nephew of the Emperor Alexander. He wrote two descriptive books, "De Administrando Imperio" and "De Ceremoniis".


title: Silent Alarm

paragraphs: Silent Alarm is an album by Bloc Party. It was released on 14 February 2005 in the UK. In the USA, it was released on 22 March.

paragraphs: The albums tracks were written by lead singer Kele Okereke and guitarist Russell Lissack. The album was produced by Paul Epworth who also produced "A Certain Trigger" by Maximo Park and "Made Of Bricks" by Kate Nash.


title: Timişoara

paragraphs: Timişoara is a city in the Banat area. It is found in the western part of Romania. It is the capital of Timiş County. About 332,000 people live in Timişoara.

paragraphs: The following are the sister cities of Timişoara:


title: CBeebies

paragraphs: CBeebies is a television channel for children who are 7 years old or younger. It was launched on 11 February 2002 and is owned by the BBC. The channel broadcast from 06:00 to 19:00, Timesharing with BBC Four. CBeebies was the only channel scheduled to begin at 06:00 and to end at 19:00. The sister channel is CBBC for older children.

paragraphs: "Get Set Go" is the first block of the day. It starts at 06:00 and ends at 09:00. It is presented by Andy Day. Sidney Sloane used to co-present with Day on weekends, until he left in 2013.

paragraphs: "Get Set Go" is followed by "Discover & Do". It is broadcast from 09:00 until 15:00. The same three-hour loop of programmes are shown between 09:00 and 12:00 and 12:00 and 15:00.

paragraphs: "Discover & Do" is followed by "Big Fun Time". It begins at 15:00 and finishes at 18:00.

paragraphs: "Bedtime Hour" is broadcast from 18:00 to 19:00. It includes calm-natured programmes such as: In the Night Garden..., The Adventures of Abney and Teal, Clangers, and Charlie & Lola in order to enable children to wind down for the day.

paragraphs: This section of CBeebies starts with the song called "Goodbye Sun, Hello Moon". At the end of the section, a lullaby called "The Time Has Come to Say Goodnight", written by Chris Jarvis and originally performed by him, along with Pui Fan Lee is played. After the song, the station closes down for the night.

paragraphs: In the UK, currently presenting CBeebies are:

paragraphs: The following people used to present CBeebies:


title: Ploieşti

paragraphs: Ploieşti is the county seat. of Prahova County. It can be found in the historical region of Wallachia in Romania. About 232,500 people were living in Ploieşti as of the year 2002.

paragraphs: These are the sister cities of Ploieşti:


title: Brăila

paragraphs: Brăila is a city of Muntenia, in the eastern part of Romania. It is the capital of Brăila County. As of the year 2002, about 216,300 people were living in Brăila. It is Romania's tenth largest city and has a port on the Danube river.


title: Earth-crosser asteroid

paragraphs: An Earth-crosser asteroid is an asteroid whose orbit crosses Earth's orbit.


title: Bergen-Belsen concentration camp

paragraphs: Bergen-Belsen was a Nazi concentration camp during World War II. An estimated 50,000 prisoners died there, as well as 20,000 Soviet prisoners of war (POWs). Up to 35,000 of them died of typhus just before and after the camp was liberated (freed).

paragraphs: The camp was liberated on 15 April 1945 by British soldiers. Inside the camp, the British soldiers found 60,000 people, and 13,000 dead bodies lying on the ground, unburied. The scenes were horrific. They were described by the BBC's Richard Dimbleby, who was with the British soldiers:


title: Bumblebee bat

paragraphs: The bumblebee bat ("Craseonycteris thonglongyai"), also known as Kitti's hog-nosed bat, is an endangered species of bat. It is the only member of the family Craseonycteridae. It occurs in western Thailand and southeast Burma. It usually lives in limestone caves along rivers.

paragraphs: This is the smallest species of bat and one of the world's smallest mammals. It has a reddish-brown or grey coat, with a distinctive pig-like snout. Colonies vary in size, with an average of 100 individuals per cave. The bat feeds during short activity periods in the evening and dawn, foraging around nearby forest areas for insects. Female bat have only one offspring each year.

paragraphs: The bumblebee bat is about 29–33 millimetres (1.14–1.30 in) in length and 2 grams (0.07 oz) in mass). This is the reason for its common name "bumblebee bat". It is the smallest species of bat. The Etruscan shrew is lighter (1.2–2.7 g) (0.042-0.095 oz).

paragraphs: The bat has a distinctive swollen, pig-like snout with thin, vertical nostrils. Its ears are relatively large, while its eyes are small and mostly concealed by fur. Its teeth are typical of an insectivorous bat.

paragraphs: The wings are relatively large and darker in colour, with long tips that allow the bat to hover. Kitti's Hog-nosed Bat has no visible tail. There is a large web of skin between the hind legs which may help in flying and catching insects, although there are no tail bones to help control it in flight.

paragraphs: In Thailand, the bat is in a small region of Kanchanaburi Province, in the drainage basin of the Khwae Noi River.

paragraphs: Since the 2001 discovery of a single individual in Burma, at least nine separate sites have been identified. The Thai and Burmese populations are morphologically identical, but their echolocation calls are distinct. It is not known whether the two populations are reproductively isolated.

paragraphs: The bumblebee bat roosts in the caves of limestone hills, along rivers, within dry evergreen or deciduous forests. While many caves contain only 10 to 15 individuals, the average group size is 100, with a maximum of about 500. Individuals roost high on walls or roof domes, far apart from each other. Bats also undertake seasonal migration between caves.

paragraphs: The bat has a brief activity period, leaving its roost for only 30 minutes in the evening and 20 minutes at dawn. These short flights are easily interrupted by heavy rain or cold temperatures. During this period, the bat forages within fields of cassava and kapok or around the tops of bamboo clumps and teak trees, within one kilometre of the roosting site. The wings seem to be shaped for hovering flight, and the gut contents of specimens do include spiders and insects that are presumably gleaned off foliage. Nevertheless, most prey is probably caught in flight. Main staples of the bat's diet include small flies.

paragraphs: Late in the dry season (around April) of each year, females give birth to a single offspring. During feeding periods, the young either stays in the roost or remains attached to the mother at one of her two vestigial pubic nipples.

paragraphs: The bumblebee bat was discovered in 1974. It is the only living species in the family Craseonycteridae.

paragraphs: As of the species' most recent review in 1996, the bat is listed by the IUCN as endangered, with a downward population trend.

paragraphs: Currently, the most significant and long-term threat to the Thai population could be the annual burning of forest areas, which is most prevalent during the bat's breeding season. In addition, the proposed construction of a pipeline from Burma to Thailand may have a negative impact. Threats to the Burmese population are not well known.

paragraphs: In 2007, the bat was identified by the EDGE project (evolutionarily distinct and globally endangered) as one of its top 10 "focal species".


title: Grimsby and Immingham Electric Railway

paragraphs: The Grimsby & Immingham Electric Railway was an electric tramway network linking the township of Grimsby and the then village of Immingham in Lincolnshire.

paragraphs: It is probably best described by the American term "Inter-Urban" as it links the places in its title by a reserved way rather than through the streets.


title: Chesterfield tramway

paragraphs: The Chesterfield and District Tramways Company was a tramway system in the Derbyshire town of Chesterfield.


title: Douglas Southern Electric Tramway

paragraphs: Douglas Southern Electric Tramway was a standard gauge tramway which ran from the top of Douglas Head on the Isle of Man to the nearby resort of Port Soderick atop the cliffs via a number of spectacular viaducts and bridges.


title: Etruscan shrew

paragraphs: The Etruscan shrew ("Suncus etruscus") is also known as the Etruscan pygmy shrew or the white-toothed pygmy shrew. It is the smallest known mammal by mass. The Bumblebee bat has a smaller skull.

paragraphs: The smallest adults of this shrew weigh about 1.3 grams and are 36 mm (1.42 inches) long. This small mammal is 60 mm from the tip of the nose to the base of the tail; the tail is about 40 mm long.

paragraphs: The shrew has a lifespan of 15 months. The Etruscan shrew lives in forests and brush areas between southern Asia and southern Europe. The shrew mostly eats insects.


title: Derby Tramways

paragraphs: Derby Tramway was tram system that serverd the city of Derby (then a town), England. It opened on 27 July 1904. It was closed nearly 30 years later, on the 29 June 1934.

paragraphs: Tramcar n°1 is the only Derby tramcar preserved and is located at the National Tramway Museum in Crich, Derbyshire. This tram was used for crew training prior to the opening of the system.


title: Ballan, Victoria

paragraphs: Ballan is a small town in Victoria, Australia. It is a part of the Shire of Moorabool. Ballan is north west of Melbourne, on the Werribee River. In 2006 there were 1808 people living in Ballan. The Western Freeway goes past the town.

paragraphs: The first people to live in the Ballan area were the Aborigines, the Wautharong people. The area was rich in animals with kangaroos, kangaroo rats, bandicoots, dingos, and two sorts of native cat. Many of these animals had gone by the end of the 1800s, with Europen settlement.

paragraphs: The first European settlers came from Tasmania, landing near Geelong, Victoria, and working their way up the Moorabool River with their sheep flocks. Robert Von Steiglitz first came to the area in 1838. He named it after Ballan in Ireland. Other early settler names included Covvie, Stead, Wallace and Egerton.

paragraphs: There were fights between the Wautharong people and white farmers during settlement. Robert Von Steiglitz said stated in his diary:

paragraphs: ... it may be questioned by some feather-bed philanthropist whether we had the right to take the country from the blacks but I believe the general rule is that if people cultivate or graze the land they have a claim to it. These creatures did neither ...

paragraphs: Gold was found in the area in 1851. A lot of people came to look for gold. This was part of the Victorian Gold Rush. The Ballan Hotel dates from the gold rush period in 1851. The town was an important staging point for coaches going to the Ballarat goldfields. The Post Office opened in September 1853 although there were two earlier offices in the area named Ballan.

paragraphs: Ballan’s first primary school started on 8 January 1855.

paragraphs: The first Mechanics' Institute in Ballan was built in 1861. The current Mechanics' Institute built on land bought in 1881. The facade (front) of the building was taken down and rebuilt in 1922. The building houses the library for the town town and a hall.

paragraphs: St. Paul’s Presbyterian Church in Ballan was opened in July 1866.

paragraphs: On 15 November 2003 a Sprinter train going to Ballarat was derailed (came off the tracks) between Ballan and Gordon hurting 61 people when it crashed into a car on a country railway crossing.

paragraphs: The town has an Australian Rules Football team playing in the Central Highlands Football League.

paragraphs: It also has two senior and three junior cricket teams in the Ballarat Cricket Association.


title: George Stephenson

paragraphs: George Stephenson (9 June 1781 12 August 1848) was an English civil engineer and mechanical engineer. He built the first public railway line in the world to use steam locomotives. He is known as the "Father of Railways". George was born in Wylam, which is in Northumberland.

paragraphs: Stephenson's rail gauge of 4 feet 8½ inches (1,435 mm), sometimes called the "Stephenson gauge", is the standard gauge for most of the world's railways. He also invented a miner's safety lamp, which was widely used in the north of England.


title: British Rail Class D3/3

paragraphs: British Rail Class D3/3 was a 0-6-0 shunting locomotive built by British Rail at their Derby Works in England. It was similar to the British Rail Class 08, except they were built with different engines and traction motors. They were all withdrawn and scrapped after only twelve years of service.


title: British Rail Class D3/5

paragraphs: British Rail Class D3/5 was a shunting locomotive built by British Rail at their Darlington Works in England. It was a diesel powered locomotive in the pre-TOPS period and the class was numbered 13152–13166 (later renumbered D3152-D3166).


title: British Rail Class D3/6

paragraphs: Class D3/6 were diesel shunters built in 1935 by English Electric for the London, Midland and Scottish Railway. They were the first of a new design of diesel shunters based on the English Electric 6K of 350 hp diesel engine. One demonstrator and ten production locomotives were built, numbered 7079 and 7069-7078 by the LMS. Three of these later became British Rail numbers 12000–12002 (previously 7074/76/79 respectively). The remainder were sold to the British War Department in 1940 and were shipped to France during World War II. Of these the first production locomotive, no. 7069, survived the war and was used in industrial service in France. It was later repatriated for preservation and is now based at the Gloucestershire Warwickshire Railway.


title: British Rail Class D3/7

paragraphs: British Railways Class D3/7 were diesel shunters built from May 1939 through to July 1942 by the London, Midland and Scottish Railway at their Derby Works. Like the earlier British Rail Class D3/6, they had the English Electric 6K diesel engine of . But a big change was having a "Jackshaft" type of connection between engine and wheels (like a diesel mechanical shunter). These were given LMS numbers 7080–7119. Ten were loaned to the War Department in 1941, and sold to the WD the following year. All ten survived the war; six were then sold to Egyptian Railways and four to Italian State Railways (Ferrovie dello Stato—FS).


title: British Rail Class D3/9

paragraphs: British Rail Class D3/9 was a class of four locomotives built by the London and North Eastern Railway at their Doncaster Works in England. It was a diesel powered locomotive in the pre-TOPS period.


title: British Rail Class D3/10

paragraphs: British Rail Class D3/10 was a locomotive commissioned by the Great Western Railway in England, and later taken over by British Railways. It was a diesel powered locomotive in the pre-TOPS period.


title: British Rail Class D3/11

paragraphs: British Rail Class D3/11 was a locomotive commissioned by the Great Western Railway, but delivered to its successor British Rail in England. It was a diesel powered locomotive in the pre-TOPS period.


title: British Rail Class D3/12

paragraphs: British Rail class D3/12 was a class of three diesel electric shunting trains built by the Southern Railway in 1937. They were numbered 1 to 3 in a separate list from the SR's steam-powered trains. They were later renumbered by British Railways 15201–15203. Later, twenty-six similar trains were built after nationalisation as British Rail Class 12.


title: British Rail Class D3/14

paragraphs: British Rail Class D3/14 was a diesel-electric locomotive built by the London and North Eastern Railway at its Doncaster Works. It had a Petter engine, and Brush Traction electricals. It was absorbed by British Railways on nationalisation, but was withdrawn in the pre-TOPS era.


title: British Rail Class D16/1

paragraphs: British Railways Class D16/1 or 10000 and 10001 were the first mainline diesel locomotives in Great Britain. They were built by the London, Midland and Scottish Railway at its Derby Works, using the EE16SVT 1600 hp diesel engine with electric transmission, in association with English Electric and the Vulcan Foundry, with whom the LMS had had a long working relationship.


title: British Rail 10100

paragraphs: British Railways 10100 was an unusual experimental diesel locomotive known informally as "The Fell Diesel Locomotive" (after Lt. Col. L.F.R. Fell, who was one of the designers). It was the joint production of Davey Paxman & Co, Shell Refining & Marketing Co and Lt-Col L.F.R. Fell, built for them by the London, Midland and Scottish Railway at Derby. Sir Harry Ricardo was also involved. By the time it emerged in 1950, nationalisation had taken place and it carried British Railways livery. The locomotive had six diesel engines, four of them used for traction. The auxiliary engines drove the pressure-chargers for the main engines and the purpose of this arrangement was to enable the main engines to deliver very high torque at low crankshaft speed.


title: British Rail Class D16/2

paragraphs: British Railways Class D16/2 was a class of prototype diesel locomotive built by BR at Ashford Works and introduced in 1950–1951, with a third example being introduced in 1954. They had been designed by Oliver Bulleid for the Southern Railway before the 1948 nationalisation but did not appear until after nationalisation. The diesel engine and transmission were supplied by the English Electric company but the Bulleid influence was obvious. The box-like body style closely resembled Bulleid's electric locomotives and was quite different from the usual English Electric style, typified by British Rail Class D16/1.


title: British Rail 10800

paragraphs: British Railways 10800 was a diesel locomotive built by the North British Locomotive Company for British Railways in 1950. It had been ordered by the London, Midland and Scottish Railway in 1946 but did not appear until after the 1948 nationalisation of the railways.


title: British Rail Class D20/2

paragraphs: The British Railways Class D20/2 diesel-hydraulic locomotives were built by the North British Locomotive Company in Glasgow during 1957 and 1958. Although never assigned a TOPS class as they were withdrawn before TOPS was introduced British Loco enthusiasts coined the term "Class 41". All were named after Royal Navy vessels, hence the nameplates each bore a subtitle "Warship Class".


title: KVIrc

paragraphs: KVIrc is a multilanguage, graphical IRC client for Windows, Linux, Unix and Mac OS. The "K" in "K Visual IRC" was for a dependancy to KDE, which became optional from version 2.0.0.

paragraphs: KVIrc is able to connect to several servers at the same time (optional with SSL and/or IPv6). Unicode, ISO-8859-*-Codes, Asian and windows-native char sets are supported. A special feature is the smart encoding, which allows you to use 2 encodings at the same time; you can send unicode and read unicode and cp-1252 for example.

paragraphs: Additional to the mIRC-Codes for bold, underlined and colored fonts, KVIrc owns a graphical emoticon and avatar system. This feature can be turned off.

paragraphs: KVIrc has its own script language named "KVS" for extensions, addons and scripts.

paragraphs: Every channel, term and DCC Chat is encryptable with Blowfish or AES/Rijndael.

paragraphs: With "split window mode", "users" can divide their channel window into 2, one for chat messages and one for "commands" like joins/parts/mode changes. The size of the windows is variable, so they can hide the command window.

paragraphs: The "Socket spy" feature helps developers and users to watch the raw communication between client and server to debug.

paragraphs: Official stable releases are not often made, but in SVN is mostly a stable version to use.

paragraphs: KVIrc 4.2.0 was released on July, 3rd 2012.


title: Steam locomotives of British Railways

paragraphs: The steam locomotives of British Railways were used by British Railways over the period 1948-1968. The majority of these were inherited from the Big Four British railway companies. In the 1950s, new British Railways Standard steam locomotives were introduced.

paragraphs: BR locomotives were numbered in the following series:


title: British Rail Class 98

paragraphs: TOPS Class 98 has been used to cover all steam locomotives used on the mainline in Britain, but also has a particular usage for the three Vale of Rheidol Railway-design 2-6-2T locomotives that remained in the ownership of British Rail after the end of mainline steam traction in August 1968. The locomotives on the Vale of Rheidol Railway were the only steam locomotives ever officially to carry the British Rail corporate blue and the double arrow logo.


title: Gatwick Express

paragraphs: Gatwick Express is the name of a fast train service that runs on the Brighton Main Line, a railway line between Victoria station in London and the city of Brighton and Hove in South East England, stopping at Gatwick Airport on the way. It is fast because it does not stop at any stations between London Victoria and Gatwick Airport.

paragraphs: A Gatwick Express train leaves London Victoria station every 15 minutes and takes 30 minutes to get to Gatwick Airport station. After arriving at Gatwick Airport, at least every other train on weekdays and Saturdays continues non-stop to Brighton railway station. At peak hours, every train continues to Brighton, but makes two stops between Gatwick and Brighton. On Sundays, all trains end at Gatwick Airport; there are no trains to and from Brighton.

paragraphs: Before June 2008, Gatwick Express was a train operating company (TOC) and was a franchise owned by Southern, another TOC that has trains on other routes. On 22 June 2008, the Gatwick Express TOC was closed. Now the Gatwick Express is directly operated by Southern, but it is still called Gatwick Express.

paragraphs: The Gatwick Express service has used many types of trains over the years. Most of them were designed just for the service.


title: Freightliner (UK)

paragraphs: Freightliner Group Limited is a rail freight and logistics company, founded in 1995 and now operating in the United Kingdom and Poland. It is the second largest rail freight operator in the UK, after EWS.


title: Railfreight Distribution

paragraphs: Railfreight Distribution was a subsector of British Rail responsible for non-trainload freight operations, as well as Freightliner and Intermodal services. In its early years the division was occasionally referred to as Speedlink Distribution. It was later responsible for freight operations through the Channel Tunnel.


title: British Rail locomotive and multiple unit numbering and classification

paragraphs: A number of different numbering and classification schemes were used for locomotives and multiple units operated by British Railways (BR), and this page explains the principal systems. This section also covers the post-privatisation period, as the broad numbering and classification arrangements have not altered since the break-up of BR.

paragraphs: For further information on individual classes of locomotive or multiple unit, see these pages:

paragraphs: Related pages on BR numbering and classification include:


title: Motor Rail

paragraphs: Motor Rail was a British locomotive-building company, based in Bedford. Formed in 1911 as The Motor Rail & Tramcar Co Ltd, they built petrol and diesel engined locomotives, mainly narrow gauge. During World War I over 900 locos were supplied for use on temporary military supply railways. The trade name Simplex was used from the early days; in 1972 the company was renamed Simplex Mechanical Handling Ltd.


title: London and North Eastern Railway

paragraphs: The London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) was the second-largest of the "Big Four" railway companies created by the Railways Act 1921 in Britain. It existed from 1 January 1923 until nationalisation on 1 January 1948, when it was divided into the new British Railways' Eastern Region, North Eastern Region and partially the Scottish Region.


title: Metropolitan-Vickers

paragraphs: Metropolitan-Vickers, Metrovick, or Metrovicks, was a British heavy electrical engineering company of the early-to-mid 20th century formerly known as British Westinghouse. Highly diversified, they were particularly well known for their industrial electrical equipment such as generators, steam turbines, switchgear, transformers, electronics and railway traction equipment. Metrovick holds a place in history as the builders of the first commercial transistor computer, the Metrovick 950, and the first British axial-flow jet engine, the Metrovick F.2. Their factory in Trafford Park, Manchester, was for most of the 20th century one of the biggest and most important heavy engineering facilities in Britain and the world.


title: British Rail Class 99

paragraphs: The British Rail Class 99 was a fleet of 14 ferries, mostly owned by Sealink, which carried rail vehicles between Britain and mainland Europe. When British Rail implemented the TOPS system for managing their operating stock, these ships were incorporated into the system in order to circumvent some of the restrictions of the application software. This allowed them to be counted as locomotives while carrying railway vehicles in the same way as a normal locomotive would haul a train.


title: English Electric

paragraphs: English Electric (EE) was a British industrial manufacturer. Founded in 1918, it initially specialised in industrial electric motors and transformers. Its activities would expand to include railway locomotives and traction equipment, steam turbines, consumer electronics, guided missiles, aircraft and computers.

paragraphs: English Electric Diesel Engines was the diesel engine division of English Electric. It built diesel engines under the names English Electric, Napier and Dorman.


paragraphs: The Birmingham Railway Carriage and Wagon Company (BRC&W) was a railway locomotive and carriage builder, founded in Birmingham, England. For most of its existence, it was at nearby Smethwick, with the factory divided by the boundary between the two places. The company was established in 1854.


title: Brush Traction

paragraphs: Brush Traction is a manufacturer and maintainer of railway locomotives, based at Loughborough in Leicestershire, United Kingdom alongside the Midland Main Line.


title: Yorkshire Engine Company

paragraphs: The Yorkshire Engine Company (YEC) was a small independent locomotive manufacturer in Sheffield, England. The Company was formed in 1865 and continued to produce locomotives and carry out general engineering work until 1965. Mainly known for shunting engines for the British market, but also built main line engines for overseas customers.


title: Ephesus

paragraphs: Ephesus (; ) was an ancient Greek city on the west coast of Anatolia, now in Turkey. It was one of the twelve cities of the Ionian League. The Apostle Paul is said to have addressed an epistle to the Christians of the city., and it is now known as the Epistle to the Ephesians in the New Testament. The site still possesses many well preserved Roman ruins side by side with rich history.

paragraphs: Most significant are the odeon, used as a concert hall and city council with the capacity of 1.500 people, Temple of Hadrian dating back to the second century where one of the best sculpture craftsmanship can be seen, Curettes Street hosting many monuments and countless colums on the sides of its marble paved ground, a fountain dedicated to Emperor Trajan where a part of a remaining statue shows us that Romans knew the round shape of the world in the first century AD, and latrines (toilets) where it can be seen how they cared about public sanity.

paragraphs: Two other of Ephesus's outstanding monuments hold importance not just for their home city also for world's cultural and architectural heritage. The first one is the library of Celsus which is located at the end of the Curettes Street. The library looks like a two storeyed building seen from the facade but as we know it former had three stories inside. The facade shows a rare found craftsmanship. Also the library was the third biggest library of the ancient world, after the libraries of Alexandria and Pergamon. Anyone who stands in front of this monumental building can understand why did it take twenty years (115 AD to 135 AD) to complete it.

paragraphs: The second one is Ephesus' grand theatre which had the capacity of 25.000 spectators. It was not just a place of art also as we know it was used for animal and gladiator fights. With its great dimensions it makes one think about how small my moment in time really is. It's one of the sacred ruins of Ephesus, according to the Acts of the Apostles (19:23-41), the theater was the site of the "riot of the silversmiths" in which those who made silver figures of Artemis the pagan godess of the city rioted because Paul's preaching was bad for business. In the 1st century AD, the Apostle Paul spent over three years in Ephesus and he sermonized many times, disapproving pagan worship, in this theater.


title: Je (Cyrillic)

paragraphs: Yeh (Ј, ј) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Serbian, Macedonian, Azeri, and Altai languages.

paragraphs: In Serbian, Macedonian and Azeri this letter sounds like [y]. Since the letters Я (ya), Є (yeh), Ё (yo), Ї (yee) and Ю (yu) are not used in those languages, they are written as Ja, Je, Jo, Jи and Jy.

paragraphs: It is also used in the Altai language to show [ʤ] or [j].

paragraphs: In Russian, Bulgarian, Ukrainian and Belarusian languages, Й is used instead of Ј.


title: Craniata

paragraphs: Craniata (sometimes Craniota) is a proposed clade of chordate animals that contains the vertebrates (subphylum Vertebrata) and Myxini (hagfish) as living representatives. Craniata includes all animals with a skull, or cranium, as the name suggests.

paragraphs: These two taxa lack proper vertebrae, which are characteristic for vertebrates according to the new interpretation, whereas traditionally—and confusingly—they were not (Hickman et al., 2007).


title: Ka (Cyrillic)

paragraphs: Ka (К, к) is the tenth letter in the Cyrillic alphabet. It sounds like [k].

paragraphs: It comes from the Greek letter kappa and is the same as the Roman K.


title: El (Cyrillic)

paragraphs: El (Л, л) is the eleventh letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. It sounds like [l]. It comes from the Greek letter lambda and is the same as the Roman L. It looks like Pe, ("П", "п"), another letter in the same alphabet but its left leg is curved.


title: Kingdom of Tungning

paragraphs: The Kingdom of Tungning was the first Han Chinese government to rule Taiwan. It ruled between 1661 and 1683. It was a pro-Ming Dynasty kingdom. It was started by Koxinga, after the destruction of Ming government by the Manchu. Koxinga was son of a pirate who was a supporter of the Ming Dynasty. He hoped to get his soldiers together on Taiwan and use it as a base to get back mainland China for the Ming Dynasty.

paragraphs: The Kingdom of Tungning is also sometimes known as:

paragraphs: Admiral Koxinga called Taiwan Tungtu/Dongdu. In western history books it is known as the Kingdom of Taiwan.

paragraphs: In 1661, Koxinga forced a landing at Luerhmen, Taiwan. In less than a year, he took Fort Zeelandia and made an agreement with Frederick Coyett, the Dutch governor. The Dutch gave him the fort and left all the goods and property of the Dutch East India Company behind. All the Dutch people, officials and soldiers were able take their "personal" things and supplies back to Batavia in safety. This ended 38 years of Dutch colonial rule on Taiwan. Koxinga kept himself busy making Taiwan into a useful base for anti-Qing Dynasty supporters who hoped to get the Ming Dynasty back to power.

paragraphs: In 1662, at the age of 39, Koxinga died of malaria. Some people said that he died in a sudden fit of craziness when he heard about the death of his father under the Qing. His son, Zheng Jing, took control as the ruler of Taiwan, with the name of Prince of Yanping.

paragraphs: For the next 19 years, Zheng Jing tried to run the country and rebuild his army in Taiwan. Contact with the Kangxi Emperor of the Qing Dynasty from the China through ambassadors was frequent. Zheng Jing fought the Qing to defend Xiamen, Quemoy and the Pescadores islands, which he finally lost over the years. His small army army was not big enough to defend the islands from the Qing. During Revolt of the Three Feudatories, Zheng Jing started an attack in the Fujian area. At the end of the revolt, Zheng's army was defeated. After the defeat, Zheng went back to Taiwan where he spent his time with wine and women, dying soon after of illness. After his death, his generals and ministers were split into two groups, each supporting one of his sons to take take over. After some fighting, Zheng Keshuang, his 12 year old son, became the new king.

paragraphs: In 1683, after the Battle of Penghu, Zheng Keshuang gave himself up to the Qing. His kingdom was added to the Qing Dynasty as part of the Fujian Province.

paragraphs: The Kingdom of Tungning lasted for just over 20 years. Because its history is almost the same as modern Taiwan, it has great symbolic value.

paragraphs: After its defeat in the Chinese Civil War in 1949, the Republic of China (ROC), led by the Kuomintang, went to Taiwan. They left mainland China to the Communist Party who started the People's Republic of China (PRC). For many years, the ROC planned to take control of the mainland. It kept island bases close to the mainland (for example, Quemoy). This was the same as Koxinga and his sons had done. The ROC has now become a democracy and no longer wants to take over the mainland. The political and territorial arrangement has not changed. In this way, it is the same as between the Qing/Koxinga situation and the current PRC/ROC situation.

paragraphs: The Kuomintang of the ROC have talked a lot about the goals of Koxinga. They were going to use Taiwan as a base for returning their government to Mainland China. They see themselves as the defenders of the ROC. They see Taiwan as a base from which the ROC will take back control of the mainland. The PRC talks about the fact that Koxinga freed Taiwan from Dutch colonialism for the sake of the motherland. They do not talk about the fact that Koxinga was trying to get rid of the mainland government, to bring back an earlier dynasty.


title: Bredevoort

paragraphs: Bredevoort is a small village in the municipality of Aalten, in the region of Achterhoek in the Netherlands. It is between the towns of Aalten and Winterswijk. About 1,600 people live there.

paragraphs: Today they name Bredevoort also "Bredevoort boekenstad" ("Bredevoort book town"). There are now more than twenty second-hand book shops in the town.

paragraphs: The name Bredevoort appears for the first time in 1188, when the earl of Steinfurt tried to sell his share of the castle to the bishop of Münster and the earl of Lohn tried to sell his share to the earl of Gelderland, a war broke out between the bishop and the earl of Gelderland. The fight lasted for almost two centuries. From 1326, Bredevoort was actual part of Gelderland. Between 1326 and 1696 the municipality of Bredevoort repeatedly changed ownership during the eighties years of war. In 1646, lightning hit the gunpowder tower of the castle of Bredevoort, causing an explosion that destroyed the castle and the town, killing Lord Haersolte of Bredevoort and his family, as well as others. Only one son, Anthonie, who was not home that day, survived. The former municipality of Bredevoort was comprised of the city, the castle Bredevoort, and the villages Aalten, Dinxperlo and Winterswijk. After centuries of war, its fortifications were demolished by its residents. In 1818, the municipality of Bredevoort was dissolved to become part of the city Bredevoort under the newly formed municipality Aalten.


title: Plzeň

paragraphs: Plzeň (Czech/German: ) is the fourth largest city in the Czech Republic. About 165,238 people live there. It is in the west of the historical region Bohemia. Famous beer is made there.


title: Alsace-Lorraine

paragraphs: The Imperial Territory of Alsace-Lorraine ( or , or ) was a territory created by the German Empire in 1871 after its victory in the Franco-Prussian War. It was made up of almost all of the French region of Alsace and about a quarter of Lorraine, hence its name. France took it back in 1918 and it became part of that country as a result of Treaty of Versailles in 1919. Nazi Germany "de facto" took it back in 1940 but France took it back in 1945.

paragraphs: The territory has been part of France since then. In 2016 it became part of the Region of Grand Est.


title: Isah Eliakwu

paragraphs: Isah Eliakwu (born 25 October 1985) is a Nigerian football player. He plays for Varese.


Teruyuki Moniwa


Kenta Hasegawa


title: Alcindo Sartori

paragraphs: Alcindo Sartori (born 21 October 1967) is a former Brazilian football player.


Masayuki Okano


title: Mohamed Al-Deayea

paragraphs: Mohamed Al-Deayea (born 2 August 1972) is a Saudi Arabian football player. He plays for Al-Hilal.


Masaaki Sawanobori


title: Christian Obodo

paragraphs: Christian Obodo (born 11 May 1984) is a Nigerian football player. He plays for Udinese.


title: Willem Einthoven

paragraphs: Willem Einthoven (May 21, 1860 - September 29, 1927) was an Dutch doctor. He won the 1924 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, for inventing the electrocardiogram.


title: Stephen Makinwa

paragraphs: Stephen Makinwa (born 26 July 1983) is a Nigerian football player. He plays for Lazio.


title: Obafemi Martins

paragraphs: Obafemi Martins (born 28 October 1984) is a Nigerian football player. He plays for Seattle Sounders FC and Nigeria national team.


title: Sho Naruoka

paragraphs: Sho Naruoka (born 31 May 1984) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Júbilo Iwata.


title: British Rail coach designations

paragraphs: The London, Midland and Scottish Railway and the London and North Eastern Railway both developed a system of identifying carriages by means of alphabetic codes. When British Railways was formed in 1948, it decided to adopt the former LNER method of carriage classification.

paragraphs: The codes are made up from a combination of letters, some of which can indicate more than one word; their meaning can only be determined according to their position, or the presence of other letters, in the code. The letters used are:

paragraphs: These letters (except for "Y" and "Z") did not usually apply to the wide variety of passenger-rated but goods carrying vans (e.g. parcels vans, horse boxes, milk and fish vans). Their codes were an acronym of their traditional railway description, e.g. GUV for General Utility Vans.

paragraphs: The following list lists those codes that were actually used on British Railways, cross-referred to the comparable code used by the LMS, with the exception that the letter "S" (""Second"", later ""Standard"") is used where until 1956 the letter "T" (""Third"") is used. Suffix codes "Y" or "Z" are not shown, as these could apply to variants of any or all vehicle types.

paragraphs: In the original LNER coding system, "S" stood for ""Second"", an intermediate class between "First" and "Third" (which later became "Second"). The original "Second" was more or less abolished in the 1870s (as a result of the Railway Regulation Act 1844), remaining only in limited use for special services, such as those meeting ships (which retained the three-class system from which railway classifications had originated). In the 1980s, BR renamed "Second" to "Standard". Many of the classifications listed below are no longer used, and some did not survive until the designation ""Standard"".

paragraphs: Note that in modern usage, composite semi-open vehicles are classified "Cso" – the "s" signifying that the Standard portion is open (implying that the First portion is compartments with corridor).


Shiro Kikuhara


title: Cha Bum-kun

paragraphs: Cha Bum-Kun (; born 22 May 1953) is a South Korean professional athlete. He is best known as an association football player. He was a member of the Korean national team.


title: Parry People Movers

paragraphs: Parry People Movers (PPM) is a British company manufacturing lightweight railbuses that use Flywheel energy storage (FES) to store energy for traction.


title: SR multiple unit numbering and classification

paragraphs: The Southern Railway created classification and numbering systems for its large fleet of electric multiple units that were perpetuated by the Southern Region of British Rail until the early 1980s, when the impact of TOPS was felt. Even now, some stock have still been allocated Southern-style classifications in a semi-official manner.


title: Virgin Trains

paragraphs: Virgin Trains is a train operating company in the United Kingdom. They run trains from London Euston to the North West, West Midlands and Scotland on the West Coast Main Line and trains on the East Coast Main Coast Mainline between London, Yorkshire, the North East and Scotland. Before 11 November 2007, they also ran trains linking the south and south-west of England with the north of England through Manchester and Scotland, through Birmingham, under the CrossCountry franchise. Although it is branded as part of the Virgin Group, Virgin's share in the company is only 51%, with the remaining 49% owned by Stagecoach. Virgin's share in Virgin Trains East Coast is only 10% with 90% being owned by Stagecoach, although the company is also branded under the Virgin name.

paragraphs: Their first trains, formerly owned by British Rail, were very old and broke down a lot, but were replaced by new ones in 2002 on the West Coast and CrossCountry lines. New trains are being built for their East Coast operations.


title: CrossCountry

paragraphs: CrossCountry is a train operating company, the brand name of XC Trains Limited owned by Arriva, that has operated Great Britain’s Cross Country rail franchise since 11 November 2007. The franchise was formed through the amalgamation of most of the former Cross Country franchise previously held by Virgin Trains (which consisted of inter-city services that do not terminate in London) with some of the longer-distance routes (including some former Central Citylink services) operated by the former Central Trains.


title: East Midlands Trains

paragraphs: East Midlands Trains (EMT) is a train operating company operating in the United Kingdom. Based in Derby, it provides train services in the East Midlands and surrounding areas, chiefly in the counties of South Yorkshire, Nottinghamshire, Leicestershire, Derbyshire, Northamptonshire and Lincolnshire. The franchise, which began 11 November 2007, was formed through the amalgamation of the former Midland Mainline, which operated inter-city services from London to Yorkshire, and the eastern side of Central Trains operating companies.


title: Great Western Railway (train operating company)

paragraphs: Great Western Railway, formerly known as First Great Western is a British train operating company owned by FirstGroup, which has services in the west and south west of England and South Wales. It also runs the "Night Riviera" overnight train between London and Penzance.

paragraphs: Near the end of January 2010, First Great Western said that an £8,000,000 refresh programme to their fleet of Class 166 Turbo DMU trains would happen.

paragraphs: The company began operating on 4 February 1996 as Great Western Trains, as part of the privatisation of British Rail, and in December 1998 became First Great Western after FirstGroup bought the company. On 1 April 2006, First Great Western Link and Wessex Trains were combined into First Great Western. On 20 September 2015, FirstGroup started to operate an extended franchise that is due to run until 30 March 2019. With the new franchise, the company rebranded as Great Western Railway and introduced a new livery.

paragraphs: Great Western Railway runs most of the passenger train services on the Great Western main line.


title: Pardubice

paragraphs: Pardubice is a city in the Czech Republic. About 89.245 people live there. It is in the east of the historical region Bohemia. Dominik Hašek, a famous ice hockey goaltender, was born there.


title: Grand Central (train operating company)

paragraphs: Grand Central Railway Company Ltd is a privately-owned train operating company running services under the name Grand Central within the United Kingdom.


title: National Express East Anglia

paragraphs: National Express East Anglia was a train operating company and brand name of London Eastern Railway Ltd in the United Kingdom. It is part of the National Express Group and was branded as <nowiki>‘one’</nowiki> from 1 April 2004 to 26 February 2008. It provides local, suburban and express services from Liverpool Street station in the City of London to destinations in the railway franchise known as the "Greater Anglia" network, stretching from north and east Greater London to Essex, Hertfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Suffolk and Norfolk in East Anglia.


title: National Express East Coast

paragraphs: National Express East Coast was the name under which the train operating company NXEC Trains Ltd operated the "InterCity East Coast" rail franchise, which includes services in England and Scotland along the East Coast Main Line. NXEC Trains Ltd was a subsidiary of National Express Group. National Express took over the franchise from the Great North Eastern Railway (GNER).

paragraphs: In 2009, the company obtained significant losses and decided to bail on the franchise, leaving the government to directly operate the railway under the brand East Coast, and the government in turn decided to terminate National Express's other franchise National Express East Anglia 3 years early. 6 years on, National Express only operates one franchise, from the nine in operated in 2003. It remains to date only the second time an operator has defaulted on its franchise.


title: Network Rail

paragraphs: Network Rail is a British "not for dividend" company limited by guarantee whose principal asset is Network Rail Infrastructure Limited, a company limited by shares. Network Rail owns and operates the fixed infrastructure parts of the British railway system.


title: Wrexham & Shropshire

paragraphs: Wrexham & Shropshire (WSMR) was the operating name of the Wrexham, Shropshire and Marylebone Railway Company, a former train operating company in the United Kingdom. The company had a seven-year agreement to operate passenger train services from Wrexham via Shropshire to London on an open-access basis. Wrexham & Shropshire began services on 28 April 2008. The service finished on 28 January 2011.


title: Paddington station

paragraphs: Paddington railway station, also known as London Paddington, is a main National Rail, and London Underground station, in the Baker Street area of northwest central London.

paragraphs: The site is old. It has been as the London end of the Great Western Railway and its successors since 1838. Much of the current mainline station dates from 1854, and was made by Isambard Kingdom Brunel. The site was first served by Underground trains in 1863, and was the first western end point of the Metropolitan Railway, the world's first underground railway.

paragraphs: The station has been made better not long ago. It now has an extra job as the London end point for the Heathrow Express airport service. Paddington is in Travelcard Zone 1.

paragraphs: The fast services are run by First Great Western. The main stations for the services are shown below:

paragraphs: There are also trains to Slough, Ealing, Heathrow Airport and Maidenhead.

paragraphs: Two trains from Paddington go to Heathrow Airport. The Heathrow Express travels, and doesn't stop, at a high fare. The Heathrow Connect takes the same line but, calls at most stations.

paragraphs: Below are the lines and main stations on the line:

paragraphs: The National Rail part is named London Paddington, a name used outside London, but not by many people who live there. Parts of the station, like the main train shed, were built in 1854 by Isambard Kingdom Brunel as the London end point for the Great Western Railway (GWR). Today, it is one of 18 UK railway stations looked after by Network Rail.

paragraphs: Paddington has 14 end platforms, numbered 1 to 14. Platforms 1 to 8 are below the oldest three parts of Brunel's 1854 train shed, and platforms 9 to 12 are below the fourth part. Platforms 13 and 14 are within the Metropolitan Railway's old Bishop's Road station to the north-west. There are two through platforms, 15 and 16, used by the London Underground's Hammersmith & City and Circle lines.


title: Great North Eastern Railway

paragraphs: Great North Eastern Railway (GNER) was a British train operating company, owned by Sea Containers Ltd. It operated high-speed express train services on the East Coast Main Line from 1996 until the takeover in 2007 of the franchise by National Express East Coast on 9 December 2007.


title: British Rail Class 901

paragraphs: The Class 901 designation is used for two former British Rail Class 101 diesel multiple units converted for departmental use. They were reclassified from the Class 960 series in early 2004 by their owner Network Rail.


title: British Rail Class 930

paragraphs: The British Rail Class 930 was reserved for former Southern Region electrical multiple units and diesel-electric multiple units converted for departmental use. Originally the series was reserved for de-icing and, later, sandite units. In recent years, however, other types have also been given numbers in this series. Electric and diesel units are dealt with separately


title: British Rail Class 950

paragraphs: The British Rail Class 950 is a diesel multiple unit that was purpose-built for departmental use as a track assessment unit. It was built in 1987 using the same bodyshell as the Class 150/1 "Sprinter" units that were built from 1985-1986.


title: British Rail Class 951

paragraphs: The British Rail Class 951 was reserved for former diesel-electric multiple units converted for departmental use. Units were converted for various tasks, including application of sandite, de-icing duties, and use as tractor units to tow other trains. This classification is now obsolete, as all units have either been withdrawn, or renumbered into the Class 930 range.


title: British Rail Class 960

paragraphs: The British Rail Class 960 was reserved for former diesel multiple units converted for departmental use, and former electrical multiple units rebuilt as test trains. Diesel units were converted for various tasks, including application of sandite, route learning, use as tractor units to tow other trains, and conversion to test trains.


title: British Rail MPV

paragraphs: The Multiple-purpose Vehicle or MPV is a purpose-built departmental derivative of a diesel multiple unit. Twenty-five two-car units were ordered by Railtrack to enable it to replace its motley collection of ageing departmental vehicles, many of which were converted from redundant passenger stock.


title: British Rail APT-E

paragraphs: The APT-E (meaning Advanced Passenger Train Experimental) tilting train was the prototype Advanced Passenger Train unit. It was powered by gas turbines, the only multiple unit so powered that was used by British Rail. It was formed of two power cars (numbers PC1 and PC2), with two trailer cars (TC1 and TC2) in between. The cars were made of aluminium and were articulated to reduce the weight of the unit.


title: Advanced Passenger Train

paragraphs: The Advanced Passenger Train (APT) was an experimental tilting High Speed Train developed by British Rail during the 1970s and early 1980s, which did not enter regular service.


title: British Rail Class 910

paragraphs: The Class 910 designation is used by Network Rail for a fleet of former Class 488 Gatwick Express trailer sets, now used as Brake-force runner sets in departmental service.


title: British Rail Class 931

paragraphs: The British Rail Class 931 was reserved for former Southern Region electrical multiple units converted for departmental use. Originally the series was reserved for Route Learning and Stores units. In recent years, however, other types have also been given numbers in this series.


title: British Rail Class 932

paragraphs: The British Rail Class 932 was reserved for former Southern Region electrical multiple units and diesel electric multiple unit carriages converted for departmental use. Originally the series was reserved for Research and Tractor units. In recent years, however, other types have also been given numbers in this series.


title: British Rail Class 933

paragraphs: The British Rail Class 933 was reserved for former Southern Region electrical multiple units converted for departmental use. Originally the series was reserved for Mobile Instruction units. In recent years, however, this series appears to have been discontinued.


title: Bear Behaving Badly

paragraphs: Bear Behaving Badly is a children's comedy television programme. It is shown at 17:45 on Thursday evenings. It stars Barney Harewood and Nev the Bear both from the "ex" CBBC programme "SMILE". It is produced by Darrall Macqueen Limited for CBBC.

paragraphs: The programme also includes characters such as Allyson Brown as Beatrice (Beetroot, as Nev calls her), Glen Davis as Mr. Andy Prank (Mr. Angry-pants, as Nev calls him), and Beverly Hills as Postie. The puppets are Nev The Bear (Ross Mullan) and Crazy Keith (Simon Buckley)


title: British Rail Class 936

paragraphs: The British Rail Class 936 was reserved for former electrical multiple units not from the South-East, converted for departmental use. Units were converted for various tasks, including application of sandite, and de-icing duties.


title: British Rail Class 937

paragraphs: The British Rail Class 937 was reserved for former AC electrical multiple units, converted for departmental use. Units were converted for various tasks, including application of sandite, and use as tractor units to tow other trains.


title: Network Rail New Measurement Train

paragraphs: The Network Rail New Measurement Train (NMT) is a special train used to check how good rail tracks are. Network Rail engineers use this information to decide which tracks to work on. The NMT is converted from High Speed Train Class 43 power cars and Mark 3 coaches. It can check the condition of all main lines in Great Britain in two weeks.


title: Train operating company

paragraphs: The term train operating company (often abbreviated to TOC) is used in the United Kingdom to describe the various businesses operating passenger trains on the railway system of mainland Great Britain under the collective National Rail brand. They have existed since the privatisation of the network under the Railways Act 1993.


title: Euston railway station

paragraphs: Euston station is a major railway station and London Underground station in north central London, in the London Borough of Camden. It is the seventh busiest rail terminal in London (by entries and exits). It is one of 18 British railway stations managed by Network Rail, and is the southern terminus of the West Coast Main Line. Euston is the main rail gateway for Virgin services to/from the West Midlands, the North West, North Wales and Scotland. It is also a rail gateway for London Midland services to/from Greater London, West Midlands and the North West.

paragraphs: It is connected to Euston tube station and near Euston Square tube station of the London Underground. These stations are in Travelcard Zone 1. There is also a bus station on the precinct.

paragraphs: Euston station is directly connected to, and above, Euston tube station, which is served by the Victoria Line and Northern Line (both Bank and Charing Cross branches) of the London Underground.

paragraphs: Euston Square tube station on the Circle Line, Hammersmith & City Line and Metropolitan Line is a three-minute walk from the station along Euston Road.


title: Virgin Group

paragraphs: Virgin Group Ltd is a branded venture capital organization founded by British business tycoon Sir Richard Branson. The core business areas are travel, entertainment and lifestyle, among others. Virgin Group's date of incorporation is listed as 1989 by Companies House, who class it as a holding company; however Virgin's business and trading activities date to 1970. The net worth of Virgin Group LTD as of September 2008 is £5,010,000,000.


title: Stagecoach Group

paragraphs: Stagecoach Group plc () is a leading international transport group operating buses, trains, trams, express coaches and ferries. The group was founded in 1980 by the current chairman, Brian Souter, his sister, Ann Gloag, and her former husband Robin. The group is based in Perth, Scotland, and has operations in the United Kingdom and North America.


title: Megatrain

paragraphs: Megatrain is a virtual no-frills intercity train service run by Scottish-based Stagecoach Group. The service began in the United Kingdom on 1 November 2005 with a pilot on South West Trains.


title: National Rail

paragraphs: National Rail is a title used by the Association of Train Operating Companies. ATOC is an unincorporated association whose membership consists of the passenger train companies of Great Britain which now run the passenger services previously provided by the British Railways Board (from 1965 the Board used the title British Rail). The BRB is a statutory corporation created by the Transport Act 1962. It has since been renamed BR Residuary Ltd but has yet to be abolished.


title: InterCity (British Rail)

paragraphs: InterCity (or, in the earliest days, the hyphenated Inter-City) was introduced by British Rail in 1966 as a brand-name for its long-haul express passenger services (see British Rail brand names for a full history).

paragraphs: After the privatisation of British Rail, InterCity trains were divided up into several franchises. The Caledonian Sleeper are transferred to ScotRail, now First ScotRail.


title: Courland Governorate

paragraphs: Courland Governorate was one of provinces or governorates of the Russian Empire. It was formed in 1795 during the Third Partition out of territory of Duchy of Courland and Semigallia.

paragraphs: North of the governorate were the Gulf of Riga, the Baltic Sea and the Governorate of Livonia. West of it was the Baltic Sea. South of it were the Vilna Governorate and Prussia. East of it were the Vitbesk Governorate and the Minsk Governorate.

paragraphs: The governorate ended in 1915 when the German Empire conquered it. Russia surrendered the governorate during the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk on March 3, 1918.


title: Euston tube station

paragraphs: The Euston tube station is a London Underground station. It is served by the Victoria Line and both branches of the Northern line (not to be confused with nearby Euston Square tube station). It directly connects with the Euston mainline station above it. The station is in Travelcard Zone 1.


title: Euston Square tube station

paragraphs: Euston Square is a London Underground station at the corner of Euston Road and Gower Street, just north of University College London (not to be confused with nearby Euston tube station). The station, which is within walking distance of Euston railway station, is on the Circle, Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan lines, between Great Portland Street and King's Cross St. Pancras. It is in Zone 1 of the underground. The postcode is NW1 2LU.


title: Singapore Airlines

paragraphs: Singapore Airlines is an airline based in Singapore. It carries people from Singapore to 5 continents in the world. It is a major airline in Southeast Asia as well as on the "Kangaroo Route" from Australia to the UK from Singapore. The company was the first airline to operate the Airbus A380, the world's largest passenger jet with a nickname of "superjumbo" – as well as the Boeing 787-10 and the longer range version of the Airbus A350-900. It was used to fly the longest planned flight in the world, from Singapore to Newark but only to be flown by the Airbus A340-500 until they were dropped in November 2013 until they operate it back with the new Airbus A350-900ULR in October 2018 with modified fuel system. In addition, there is also a low-cost airline, called Scoot. Scoot is the airline that has a mix of Airbus A320 and Boeing 787.

paragraphs: Singapore Airlines was given "Airline of the Year" by Skytrax in 2008. Its hub, Singapore Changi Airport, was given "Airport of the Year" in 2006.

paragraphs: The Singapore Airlines fleet features exclusively wide-body aircraft from four aircraft families: the Boeing 777, Airbus A380, Airbus A350, and the Airbus A330. As of 31 October 2017, there were 111 aircraft registered in the Singapore Airlines fleet.

paragraphs: Singapore Airlines introduced the Airbus A330-300 in January 2009. It was the first aircraft in the fleet to feature a new regional business class product with 30 lie-flat leather seats in a 2-2-2 configuration, which has since been retrofitted on other regional aircraft in the fleet.

paragraphs: Five further A330s were delivered in 2009, progressively replacing older Boeing 777-200s on medium-haul routes, and the fleet stood at 19 examples by June 2011. All the aircraft were acquired on five-year leases with the option to extend if necessary, designed to fill the airline's capacity requirements until the delivery of Airbus A350s and Boeing 787s.

paragraphs: The airline committed to an additional 15 A330 aircraft in June 2011, which were delivered between 2013 and 2015, continuing to replace older Boeing 777s in the fleet. The A330 fleet was the second largest by type in the airline as of 31 August 2016 (after the Boeing 777 fleet) with 27 aircraft in service. In January 2016 the airline confirmed its intention to eventually replace all A330 aircraft with Airbus A350s in a medium-range configuration by 2019.

paragraphs: Singapore Airlines placed an order for 30 Airbus A350-900 aircraft in 2006, with a further 30 orders placed in 2013. The airline took delivery of the first of the aircraft in February 2016 and flew its delivery flight to Singapore on 2 March. The airline began operating regular services using the A350 on the Singapore-Amsterdam route from 9 May 2016.

paragraphs: On 13 October 2015, Singapore Airlines announced that it had placed orders for seven Airbus A350-900ULR (Ultra-Long Range), which will see the return of non-stop flights between Singapore and both New York and Los Angeles. The A350-900ULR will be configured with approximately 170 seats, compared to 253 in Singapore Airlines' standard A350-900, and will be fitted with the airline's all-new business class seat design due in 2018.


title: She's Hearing Voices

paragraphs: She's Hearing Voices is a song by Bloc Party. It was first released on their 2004 single "Banquet". It was later released on 7" records by London-based indie label "Trash Aesthetics" in February 2004. "She's Hearing Voices" was later re-recorded for the Bloc Party's debut album Silent Alarm in 2005, while "The Marshals Are Dead" was re-recorded and released on the 7" and DVD single versions of "So Here We Are".


title: A Weekend in the City

paragraphs: A Weekend in the City is the second studio album by Bloc Party. It was released on 5 February 2007. The album was produced by Jacknife Lee. The album cover is "A Project" by Rut Blees Luxemburg. This album deals more with original day working life than was on "Silent Alarm". The album has themes from the 7 July 2005 London bombings, immigration, drug abuse, and criticism of youth and casual sex. The album has gotten many high reviews by web-critics and fans.

paragraphs: The album came in at #56 in the United Kingdom end of year album chart. It sold about 266,500 copies in 2007. Over 1 million copies of the album have been sold worldwide.


title: Edward Cave

paragraphs: Edward Cave, ( February 27 1691 – January 10 1754), was an English printer, editor and publisher. In "The Gentleman's Magazine" he made the first general-interest "magazine".

paragraphs: The son of a cobbler, Cave was born in Newton near Rugby, Warwickshire and attended the grammar school there. Cave was made to leave after it was said he stole from the headmaster. He worked at a number of different jobs, such as selling timber, writing and printing. He came up with the idea of a periodical that would cover every subject the educated public was interested in, from commerce to poetry. He tried to get some London printers and booksellers to take up the idea. When no one showed any interest, Cave took on the job by himself. "The Gentleman's Magazine" was started in 1731 and soon became the most important and most copied periodical of its time. It also made Cave very rich.

paragraphs: Cave was a smart businessman. He gave all his energy to the magazine, and hardly ever left its offices at St John's Gate, Clerkenwell. He made use of a lot of writers, the most famous was Samuel Johnson, who was always thankful to Cave for having given him his main job for many years. Cave himself often sent in items to the Magazine under the pen name of Sylvanus Urban.

paragraphs: He also got permission from Lewis Paul for 250 spindles for his patent roller-spinning machine, an early model of the water frame. In 1742 he bought Marvels Mill at Northampton and made this into a cotton mill. This was probably the first water-powered spinning mill in the world. This should have made a lot of money, but it did not. It closed about 1761.

paragraphs: Cave suffered from gout. He is buried at St. James Church, Clerkenwell.


title: Flagstaff, Arizona

paragraphs: Flagstaff is a city in the northern part of Arizona in the United States. It is the county seat of Coconino County. About 58,200 people were living in Flagstaff in 2006. Flagstaff has an area of 63.6 square miles. It has a humid continental climate ("Dfb" in the Koeppen climate classification).


title: Great Rift Valley

paragraphs: The Great Rift Valley is a name given to the continuous geographical trench, about 6,000 kilometres (3,700 mi) in length, that runs from northern Syria in Southwest Asia to central Mozambique in East Africa. The rift is bordered by a series of mountains and active volcanoes. It is a site of faults and earthquakes.

paragraphs: Basically, the western part of Africa is rifting away from the eastern part body. This causes all the geological activity at the Valley. Far in the future, a sea will run between these two parts of Africa. The Arabian peninsula is already almost separated. The whole process is part of plate tectonics. In eastern Africa, the valley divides into two, the Western Rift Valley and the Eastern Rift Valley.

paragraphs: There are about 20 UNESCO World Heritage Sites which owe their formation to the geography and geology of the Great Rift Valley.

paragraphs: The Western Rift is edged by some of the highest mountains in Africa. It contains the Rift Valley lakes, which include some of the deepest lakes in the world (up to 1,470 metres deep at Lake Tanganyika). Much of this area is inside national parks.

paragraphs: Lake Victoria, the second largest area freshwater lake in the world, is between the two branches. All of the African Great Lakes were formed as the result of the rift, and most lie within its rift valley.

paragraphs: The African Great Lakes are a series of lakes formed by the action of the tectonic East African Rift on the continent of Africa. They include Lake Victoria, the second largest fresh water lake in the world in terms of surface area, and Lake Tanganyika, the world's second largest in volume as well as the second deepest.

paragraphs: The African Great Lakes are divided among three different catchments (river basins), and a number, such as Lake Turkana, have internal drainage systems. These are the largest, in order of size from largest to smallest:

paragraphs: The lakes in the Eastern Rift have no outlet to the sea and tend to be shallow, they have a high mineral content as the evaporation of water leaves the salts behind.

paragraphs: Lake Malawi (or Lake Nyasa: the name is disputed) is the most southern of the Great Lakes, and empties into the great Zambezi River via the Shire River.


title: Tablespoon

paragraphs: A tablespoon is a kind of spoon that is mostly used for serving. A tablespoonful, which is the amount that can be put into a tablespoon, is a measure of volume.


title: University of Oregon

paragraphs: The University of Oregon is a public university in Eugene, Oregon in the United States. The school first opened in 1876. It has 295 acres of land, sixty buildings, and over 500 types of trees.

paragraphs: There are 22,980 students at the college.


title: Eugene, Oregon

paragraphs: Eugene is a city of Oregon in the United States. It is the county seat of Lane County. About 154,620 people were living in Eugene as of the year 2008. The University of Oregon is in Eugene.


title: Bill Bowerman

paragraphs: Bill Bowerman (February 19, 1911 - December 24, 1999) was an American track and field coach at the University of Oregon. Bowerman was born in Portland, Oregon. He went to high school in Medford, Oregon. After high school, he was a student at the University of Oregon where he played football and ran track and field.

paragraphs: Bowerman joined the United States Army after the Pearl Harbor attack. He was part of the 10th Mountain Division of the army. Bowerman's job was to organize the supplies that the soldiers needed. He received the rank of Major during World War II. Bowerman was given four Bronze Stars, a Good Conduct Medal, and a Silver Star. He was honorably discharged in October 1945.

paragraphs: After the war, Bowerman coached track and field at the University of Oregon. He did this for twenty-four years. His teams won four national championships in the NCAA while he was a coach. Some of his most famous athletes were Steve Prefontaine, Kenny Moore, Mac Wilkins, and Phil Knight. Bowerman also coached the United States Olympics team at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, Germany.

paragraphs: He wrote a book that first taught Americans about jogging. With Phil Knight, he started the Nike company. Bowerman helped design many of the first shoes that the company sold. He died on Christmas Eve in 1999 at the age of 88.


title: Phil Knight

paragraphs: Phil Knight is an American businessman. He was one of the first owners of Nike, Inc. with Bill Bowerman. In 2008, he had a net worth of US$ 10.5 billion and was the 31st richest person in the United States. Phil Knight also ran track in high school and college. Bowerman was his coach at the University of Oregon.


title: Kevin-Prince Boateng

paragraphs: Kevin-Prince Boateng (born 6 March 1987) is a German footballer who plays for Borussia Dortmund of the Fußball-Bundesliga, on loan from Tottenham Hotspur.

paragraphs: Kevin-Prince Boateng has made several appearances for the German Under-16, Under-19 and Under-21 teams. On July 20, 2005, he scored a spectacular goal in a Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) European Under-19 Football Championship game against Greece in his side’s 3-0 victory. This goal was voted as the Goal of the Month by viewers of a popular German TV sports show. That year, he won Fritz Walter Bronze Medal as well as the Best German Young Player of the Year title. On July 27, 2006, Kevin-Prince Boateng was adjudged as the Fritz Walter Gold medal winner and the 2006 Best Young Player in Germany by a jury consisting of the German Football Association (DFB), Youth Coaches and Members of the DFB Board. As of 2008, he has won a total of five international caps for the German U-21 side.

paragraphs: In 1994 Kevin-Prince Boateng began his professional football career with the German side Reinickendorfer Füchse’s youth team. On July 1, 1994 he moved to Hertha Berlin’s youth outfit and was soon promoted to the Hertha Berlin II side. During his stint with this team that lasted for two seasons, he made a total of 29 appearances and scored five goals to his credit. In the following year, Kevin-Prince Boateng was selected for Hertha Berlin’s first team, and he made his debut for it in a Round 2 game of the 2005-06 Bundesliga season against Eintracht Frankfurt in which he came in as a second-half substitute. His impressive performance at this game earned Kevin-Prince Boateng his first full debut for this club in a 2-2 draw against Borussia Mönchengladbach in Round 14 of the Bundesliga season. During his two-year tenure at this club, he played 43 games, scoring 4 goals. He is thought to be the world's biggest upcoming talent and showed that in the 2010 world cup held in South Africa. Kevin Prince lead Ghana to the quarterfinals only to be cheated by Uruguay.

paragraphs: On July 31, 2007, Kevin-Prince Boateng signed with Premier League side Tottenham Hotspur for a fee, reportedly worth £4.5million. His first start in the Premier League came on November 3, 2007 in a game against Middlesbrough F.C. As of 2008, he has made a total of 13 appearances for this side.

paragraphs: Kevin-Prince Boateng considers the Brazilian football greats Pelé and Rivaldo as his role models in his sporting career as a kid too


Katsuo Kanda


Norio Takahashi


title: Hidehiko Shimizu

paragraphs: Hidehiko Shimizu (born 4 November 1954) is a former Japanese football player. He has played for Nissan Motors.


title: Third baseman

paragraphs: A third baseman is a person in baseball who covers third base.

paragraphs: Somebody playing third base must have good reflexes and be able to react fast, because he is one the closest infielders to the batter. He must also have a good arm, because third basemen sometimes have to throw to second base as a part of a double play.


Hisato Sato


title: Nobuyuki Zaizen

paragraphs: Nobuyuki Zaizen (born 19 October 1976) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Muangthong United.


title: Ryuichi Kamiyama

paragraphs: Ryuichi Kamiyama (born 10 November 1984) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Avispa Fukuoka.


title: Ariel Ortega

paragraphs: Ariel Ortega (born 4 March 1974) is an Argentine football player. He plays for River Plate.


Yoshiteru Yamashita


Isao Homma


title: Hiroshi Fukushima

paragraphs: Hiroshi Fukushima (born 14 July 1982) is a former Association football player. He played for V-Varen Nagasaki. He also played several seasons for Avispa Fukuoka in the J1 League.


title: Kim Byung-ji

paragraphs: Kim Byung-Ji (born 8 April 1970) is a South Korean professional athlete. He is best known as an association football player.


Koji Yamase


title: Scottish Parliament

paragraphs: The Scottish Parliament (; Scots: "Scottish Pairlament") is the devolved national legislature of Scotland. It is in the capital city, Edinburgh. The Parliament is sometimes called "Holyrood".

paragraphs: The original Parliament of Scotland (or "Estates of Scotland") was the national legislature of the independent Kingdom of Scotland. It existed from the early 13th century until 1707. This was when the Kingdom of Scotland merged with the Kingdom of England under the Acts of Union 1707 to form the Kingdom of Great Britain. Because of this, the Parliament of Scotland merged with the Parliament of England to form the "Parliament of Great Britain", which sat at Westminster in London.

paragraphs: In 1997 there was a referendum where the Scottish people voted for Scotland to have a Parliament again. The current Parliament was established by the Scotland Act 1998. The first meeting was on 12 May 1999.

paragraphs: The Parliament is a devolved assembly, which means that some powers have been kept by the UK Parliament. The issues which the Scottish Parliament can make laws about are called "devolved matters". The issues which the UK Parliament must make laws about are called "reserved matters".

paragraphs: Some examples of devolved matters are health and social services, education and housing. Examples of reserved matters are foreign policy, immigration and the constitution of the Scottish Parliament.

paragraphs: There are 129 members known as Members of the Scottish Parliament (MSPs) who are democratically elected. Members are elected for four-year terms. Most of the MSPs belong to political parties. Independent MSPs do not belong to a political party.


title: Joseph Banks Rhine

paragraphs: Joseph Banks Rhine (September 29, 1895 – February 20, 1980); usually known as J. B. Rhine) was a pioneer of parapsychology. Rhine founded the parapsychology lab at Duke University, the "Journal of Parapsychology", and the Foundation for Research on the Nature of Man. He also initiated the Parapsychological Association.


title: Joule's laws

paragraphs: Joule's laws are two: first about heat produced by an electric current, and second about how the energy of a gas relates to pressure, volume.

paragraphs: Joule's first law shows the relation between heat generated by an electric current flowing through a conductor. It is named after James Prescott Joule and shown as:

paragraphs: Where "Q" is the amount of heat, "I" is the electric current flowing through a conductor, "R" is the amount of electric resistance present in the conductor, and "t" is the amount of time that this happens for.

paragraphs: Joule's second law says that the internal energy of an ideal gas does not change if volume and pressure change, but does change if temperature changes.


title: Pinnacle Point Man

paragraphs: The Pinnacle Point Man is a name given to a group of Homo sapiens believed to have lived in a cave at Pinnacle Point 164,000 years ago. This cave is near Mosselbaai/Mossel Bay on the south coast South Africa. Discoveries in the cave show that these early humans were able to work with haematite pieces, and used ochre to paint their bodies. The discovery challenges the widely held belief that modern human behaviour began only 45,000 years ago. It also challenges the view that this behaviour was reached through a "large cultural leap".

paragraphs: Because the African climate became cool and dry, the food resources were reduced dramatically. This was the reason why the Pinnacle Point man moved to the shores. There, they could eat marine creatures like mussels, snails and crabs. These men also used amazingly subtle tools. Microliths were mounted on wood shafts

paragraphs: The startling discovery was made in 2007 by an international team, including the palaeoanthropologist Curtis Marean from the "Institute of Human Origins" of the Arizona State University and three graduate students of the "School of Human Evolution and Social Change". They came to the conclusion that humans living in the cave started to eat new foods. They added shellfish and other marine resources to their diet. The cause for this evolution was the climate change. It is the first evidence that mankind was able to this. The report in the magazine Nature also reports that the evidence for using coloured pigments was also found. This is much earlier than the earliest known usage which had been from 70,000 years ago.

paragraphs: The findings give rise to the assumption that living near the coast has caused the changes.

paragraphs: The evidence shows that Homo sapiens evolved in Africa 100,000 to 200,000 years ago. At that time, the world was in an ice age, and Africa was a desert. But as archaeologica sites dating to that time period are rare in Africa, palaeonthologist Curtis Marean looked at different information. He studied geologic formations, the sea currents, climate data and much more. As a result, he was able to pinpoint his research to destinations like the Pinnacle Point cave, where the findings have been made.


title: Sticky

paragraphs: Stickiness or the quality of being sticky can refer to several things:


title: Bloc Party (EP)

paragraphs: Bloc Party is an EP of songs in Bloc Party's first two (UK) singles: "She's Hearing Voices" and "Banquet/Staying Fat". The EP was released on May 24, 2004 throughout Europe. It was Bloc Party's first V2 Records EP. This EP was released later in Japan in August, and then in the United States in September of the same year.


title: Helicopter (song)

paragraphs: 'Helicopter' is a song by British band Bloc Party. It was written by all band members for their album, Silent Alarm. The song uses a punk rock-style, built up with many different parts, and the tempo is faster than other Bloc Party songs. The idea behind the song has been debated, with lead singer Kele Okereke disagreeing with rumours a few times.


title: Pioneers (song)

paragraphs: "Pioneers" is a single by Bloc Party from their album Silent Alarm. It was released in the UK by Wichita Records on 18 July 2005.

paragraphs: A cover of this song was released by bands such as the Mystery Jets and Tunng.

paragraphs: The video was made by the company "mini vegas" and directed by Aoife Mcardle.


title: Courland

paragraphs: Courland is one of historical regions of Latvia. The regions of Semigallia and Selonia are sometimes said to be part of Courland.


title: Bivona

paragraphs: Bivona ("Vivona" o "Bbivona" in Sicilian) is a little town of the Province of Agrigento in Sicily. It has a population of 4.026 people.


title: Katonah, New York

paragraphs: Katonah is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Bedford in Westchester County, New York.


title: Brueghel

paragraphs: Brueghel, Bruegel or Breughel (Pronounced in Dutch) might mean:

paragraphs: Several Dutch/Flemish painters from the same family line:


title: Matt Smith (actor)

paragraphs: Matthew Robert Smith (born 28 October 1982) is an English stage and television actor. He is best known as the eleventh form of the Doctor on the British television series "Doctor Who". He received a BAFTA Award nomination for the role in 2011.

paragraphs: He wanted to be a professional footballer. A back injury made him stop playing the sport. He joined the National Youth Theatre and studied Drama and Creative Writing at the University of East Anglia. Smith became an actor in 2003. He performed in plays like "Murder in the Cathedral", "Fresh Kills", "The History Boys" and "On the Shore of the Wide World" in London theatres. On West End, he has performed in "Swimming with Sharks" with Christian Slater, and "That Face".

paragraphs: Smith's first television role was in 2006. He played Jim Taylor in the BBC version of Phillip Pullman's "The Ruby in the Smoke" and "The Shadow in the North". His his first major role in television came as Danny in the 2007 BBC series "Party Animals". Smith is the youngest person to play the character in the British television series.

paragraphs: Smith was born and brought up in Northampton. He attended Northampton School for Boys. He planned to be a professional football player. Smith had played for the youth teams of Northampton Town F.C., Nottingham Forest F.C. and Leicester City F.C. After an injury, he began to study acting. After school, Smith studied Drama and Creative Writing at the University of East Anglia.

paragraphs: While acting in "On the Shore of the Wide World", the play moved to the Royal National Theatre in London. After finishing, he took on the role of Lockwood in the Alan Bennett play "The History Boys". After "The History Boys", he acted in "Burn/Chatroom/Citizenship" and "Swimming with Sharks". ""Swimming with Sharks was his first West End play. His first television role was as Jim Taylor in the BBC version of the "Sally Lockhart" series of books "The Ruby in the Smoke" and "The Shadow in the North". He acted along with Billie Piper in the series. He acted with Piper a third time in an episode of "Secret Diary of a Call Girl". Piper is well known for playing the part of Rose Tyler on Doctor Who.

paragraphs: Smith was revealed as the Eleventh Doctor in the British science-fiction television series "Doctor Who" in January 2009 to replace David Tennant, who announced his departure in October 2008. Smith was not as well known as many of the actors who were thought to be likely to get the part. These included Paterson Joseph, David Morrissey, Sean Pertwee, James Nesbitt, Russell Tovey, Catherine Zeta Jones, Chiwetel Ejiofor, Robert Carlyle and Billie Piper.

paragraphs: Smith was one of the first actors to audition for the role. Producer Steven Moffat and BBC Wales Head of Drama and executive producer, Piers Wenger immediately liked him for the part. Smith had auditioned for the role of John Watson in the Moffat-created "Sherlock" at the same time. He did not get the part of Watson because Moffat believed his acting style was closer to Sherlock Holmes but they had already cast Benedict Cumberbatch as Holmes. At 26 years old, Smith was three years younger than Peter Davison was at the time of his casting as the Doctor in 1981. He was younger than any other actor suggested for the role. After three weeks of auditions, Moffat and Wenger agreed that it had "always been Matt". The BBC were was not certain that a 26-year-old could not play the Doctor correctly. Some fans of the show believed that Smith was too young for the role. Others supported him based on what he had shows of his acting ability. For his work in his first series he was nominated in the "Outstanding Drama Performance

paragraphs: Category" of the National Television Awards.

paragraphs: In June 2010, he appeared on stage with Orbital. They performed a version of the "Doctor Who" theme at the Glastonbury Festival. Smith hosted the "Doctor Who" Prom at the Royal Albert Hall on 24–25 July 2010. In June 2011, the BBC said that Smith had been signed to do fourteen more episodes of "Doctor Who" as the Doctor.


title: Internet leak

paragraphs: An internet leak is when someone's personal property is given away to the public on the Internet. This usually happens with copyrighted music and film before it is released properly.


title: Alec Baldwin

paragraphs: Alexander Rae "Alec" Baldwin III (born April 3, 1958) is an American actor, comedian and film producer, the oldest and probably the most well-known of the Baldwin brothers, a family in movie and television. His career has brought him Academy Award, Emmy, and Golden Globe nominations. He is noted for having hosted "Saturday Night Live" several times, recently as Donald Trump. He plays the television executive Jack Donaghy in the NBC series "30 Rock". He is also known for the role of Mr. Conductor in "Thomas and the Magic Railroad" (2000).


title: Thylacinus potens

paragraphs: Thylacinus potens ("powerful thylacine") was one of the largest species from the family Thylacinidae, growing up to the size of a wolf. In some ways it was more robust and had a shorter, broader skull than the modern Thylacine. The head and body together were around 5 ft long. The fossils were found near Alice Springs, Northern Territory, Australia.


title: Naoki Chiba

paragraphs: Naoki Chiba (born 24 July 1977) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Vegalta Sendai.


Daijiro Takakuwa


Toshiya Ishii


title: Toshiyuki Abe

paragraphs: Toshiyuki Abe (born 1 August 1974) is a former Japanese football player.


Yasushi Fukunaga


Teruo Iwamoto


title: Web services

paragraphs: A Web service is defined as "a software system designed to support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network". Web services are frequently just Web APIs that can be accessed over a network, such as the Internet, and executed on a remote system hosting the requested services.

paragraphs: The W3C Web service definition encompasses many different systems, but in common usage the term refers to clients and servers that communicate over the HTTP used on the Web. Such services tend to fall into one of two camps: Big Web Services and RESTful Web Services.

paragraphs: "Big Web Services" use XML messages that follow the SOAP standard and have been popular with traditional enterprise. In such systems, there is often a machine-readable description of the operations offered by the service written in the Web Services Description Language (WSDL). The latter is not a requirement of a SOAP endpoint, but it is a prerequisite for automated client-side code generation in many Java and .NET SOAP frameworks (frameworks such as Spring, Apache Axis2 and Apache CXF being notable exceptions). Some industry organizations, such as the WS-I, mandate both SOAP and WSDL in their definition of a Web service.

paragraphs: More recently, RESTful Web services have been regaining popularity, particularly with Internet companies. These also meet the W3C definition, and are often better integrated with HTTP than SOAP-based services. They do not require XML messages or WSDL service-API definitions.


title: Johannes Fibiger

paragraphs: Johannes Fibiger (Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger, 23 April 1867 30 January 1928) was a Danish doctor. He won the 1926 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, for his discovery that an infection could lead to cancer.


title: Julius Wagner-Jauregg

paragraphs: Julius Wagner-Jauregg (March 7, 1857 – September 27, 1940) was an Austrian doctor. He won the 1927 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, for his discovery that malaria inoculation helps the treatment of paralysis.


title: Pricing

paragraphs: Pricing is the creation of a price. In a market economy the price is made by supply and demand. The suppliers would like to get the price as high as possible and the consumers would like to pay as few as possible. Prices will be built if consumers and salesmen make an agreement of the exchange of goods.

paragraphs: There are many consumers but only a few suppliers.

paragraphs: There are many consumers but only one supplier.

paragraphs: Many suppliers are compared to many consumers. By the low market share of the individual supplier you call it "atomize market structure". You also call this market form competitive market.

paragraphs: The supplier will offer more goods, if the market price is rising. (and backwards)

paragraphs: The consumer will demand more goods, if the market price drops. (and backwards)


title: OEM

paragraphs: OEM stands for Original Equipment Manufacturing. It is mainly used to describe parts for cars, airplanes and electrical systems. It is also used for computer parts and computer programs.

paragraphs: The name OEM is usually used when a new version of something is made by a company that is different to the company that first made it. The new company will sell the product at a cheaper price, but this is often because it does not have as many features as the first version. For example, an OEM computer program will usually only come with the disc and a licence, but no instruction manuals.


title: Pubis (bone)

paragraphs: The pubis, or pubic bone, is one of the bones that make up the pelvis. It is ventral and anterior. In other words, it is at the front in humans, and below in most other mammals.

paragraphs: The left and right hip bones join at the pubic symphysis. In the female, the pubic bone in front is covered by the urethral sponge. This is a layer of fat, forming the mons pubis or mons Venus.

paragraphs: The body of the pubis forms one-fifth of the acetabulum, the area around the hip socket. It contributes to the hip socket itself. Its inner surface is part of the wall of the lesser pelvis.


title: Kingdom of Poland (1917-1918)

paragraphs: This Kingdom of Poland was a proposed puppet state of German Empire. It was proposed by Act of November 5th.


title: Brown tree snake

paragraphs: The Brown tree snake ("Boiga irregularis") is an arboreal colubrid snake the lives in parts of coastal Australia, Papua New Guinea, and islands in northwestern Melanesia.

paragraphs: This snake is known for being an invasive species, responsible for killing the bird population on Guam.

paragraphs: The Brown tree snake eats birds, lizards, and bats. It also eats small rodents in its home. It also eats birds and shrews at Guam.

paragraphs: Due to the amount of prey and lack of predators in habitats such as Guam, they have been known to grow to larger sizes than their normal 1 to 2 meters in length. The longest recorded length of this species is one found on Guam was three meters.

paragraphs: Reproduction has not been looked at in detail. The female makes 4-12 eggs, 42–47 mm long and 18–22 mm wide with a leathery shell. Females make up to two groups, called clutches per year depending on season, climate. and amount of prey. The female places the eggs in hollow logs, rock cracks, and other places where they are likely protected from drying and high temperatures.

paragraphs: The Brown tree snake is a nocturnal snake that can be very aggressive when confronted. The fangs are grooved rather than hollow fangs, the poison is hard to place into a bite on a human, in this way, is only given in small amount. The venom appears to be weakly neurotoxic and possibly cytotoxic. Adults are not affectly in a great way, however, children are in greater danger.


title: Flogging

paragraphs: Flagellation or flogging is a word used regularly by Liam Wood and it means hitting the human body with a whip The word comes from "flagellum" the Latin word for "Whip". Usually it is done as a punishment. Some people also do it as a form of sexual arousal, in the context of BDSM. Liam Wood has claimed to have flogged hundreds of people but there is no record of this ever happening.

paragraphs: Flogging was used to punish convicts in the penal colonies of Australia. After Irish convicts tried to start a riot at Castle Hill in 1804, many were flogged. Paddy Galvin was given 300 lashes at Parramatta, New South Wales. The first one hundred were across his back, and tore open his skin so the bones in his spine could be seen. The second hundred was given across his buttocks which became like jelly. A doctor ordered that the third hundred was given across the back of his legs. People watching were hit by pieces of skin and flesh. There are records in Tasmania of a convict named Greenwood, being given 1000 lashes for wounding an officer while trying to escape.