title: Menstrual migraine

paragraphs: Menstrual migraine (also called "catamenial migraine") is term used to describe both "true menstrual migraines" and "menstrually related migraines". About 7%-14% of women have migraines only at the time of menstruation, these are called "true menstrual migraines". Most female migraneurs experience migraine attacks throughout the menstruation cycle with an increased number perimenstrually, these are referred to as "menstrually related" or "menstrually triggered migraine".

paragraphs: It used to believed that treatments for migraine would work in menstrual migraine but that has not proven to be the case because menstrual migraines are harder to treat. Because of this, menstrual migraines are now considered a separate medical disorder from migraine. In 2008, menstrual migraines were given ICD-9 codes (346.4-346.43) of their own which separate menstrual migraine from other types of migraine.

paragraphs: About 40% of women and 20% of men will get a migraine at sometime in their life; most of them will get their first migraine before they are 35-years-old. Menstrual-related migraines happen in more than 50 percent of women who have migraine headaches.

paragraphs: Menstrual migraine attacks usually last longer than other migraine attacks, [Pinkerman and Holroyd, 2010] and short-term treatments do not work as well with menstrual migraine as they do in other kinds of migraine. They are usually migraines without aura, but in 2012 a case of menstrual migraine with aura was reported, so it is possible. Auras are a kind of condition which affect certain parts of the brain, usually the parts that control vision but they can also affect the parts of the brain which control the other senses like touch, motor control (moving parts of the body) and the parts of the brain that control speech.

paragraphs: Warning symptoms also called "prodrome symptoms" often happen before a migraine attack.

paragraphs: A pounding throbbing headache with the pain being on one side of the head (unilateral). The side of the head that has the pain changes from one headache to the next.

paragraphs: The diagnosis of a menstrual migraine is made by keeping track of when the migraines occur for a period of at least three months. Menstrually related migraine attacks occur usually between 2 days before and 3 days after the start of menstruation in at least 2 out of 3 menstrual cycles (periods) in a row. Pure menstrual migraine and menstrually related migraine are both migraines without auras with one exceptionnally rare case with aura reported in 2012.

paragraphs: The "Menstrual Migraine Assesment Tool" (MMAT) is a simple questionaire with three questions, that has shown to be fairly accurate in diagnosing menstrual migraine (Tepper SJ, 2008). The three questions are:

paragraphs: The answer to the first question has to be yes and there has to be at least one yes answer to either question 2 or question 3.

paragraphs: In order to keep track of what time of the month the migraines happen it is helpful to use a "headache diary". A person uses the headache diary to write down information about their headaches, like when they started, what kind of symptoms they had and how bad the pain was etc.

paragraphs: Often, having one medical condition makes it more likely a person will also have one or more other medical or psychiatric disorders. These other disorders are the "comorbid disorders" or "comorbidities". There are various comorbid medical and psychiatric conditions associated with migraines. The treatment and "prognosis" (if a disease gets better, worse or stays the same over time) of migraine is affected by the comorbid disorders which may be present and/or the chance of getting comorbid disorders.<br>

paragraphs: There are treatments which are used for menstrual migraines which may in some cases reduce how many times a woman gets them and how bad they are. This kind of treatment is called "prophylactic therapy" and it is used in the perimenstrual period which is the time between periods.

paragraphs: Prophylactic therapy for menstrual migraine should be tried for at least 3 menstruation cycles to see if that kind of treatment works before it is stopped. Medications used may include:

paragraphs: "Acute treatments" (short-term treatment) include drugs called Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) (drugs that help stop "inflammation" which is redness, swelling, pain, tenderness, heat in parts of the body), triptans such as "Frovatriptan", ergotomines which are a kind of drug made from a fungus called ergot, and estrogen transdermal patches, which are patches worn on the skin that have estrogen in them which enters the body through the skin and then into the bloodstream.

paragraphs: The exact causes of menstrual migraine are not known for sure but there is a link between falling levels of the female hormone "estrogen" and the onset of a migraine attack. The estrogen level may fall after bleeding occurs during the menstrual cycle or when external sources of estrogen are no longer taken, like when a woman stops taking birth control pills or hormone pills in hormone replacement therapy.


title: Kari Wahlgren

paragraphs: Kari K. Wahlgren (born July 13, 1977) is an American actress and comedian. She is known for her role as tigress in "Kung Fu Panda: Legends of Awesomeness". She has done voices for many video games. Wahlgren was born in Hoisington, Kansas.


title: Paul Fussell

paragraphs: Paul Fussell (March 22, 1924 – May 23, 2012) was an American cultural and literary historian, author, writer, and university professor.

paragraphs: Fussell was born in Pasadena, California on March 22, 1924. He was the second of three children. His father, Paul Fussell (1895–1973), son of a widowed schoolteacher, became a corporate lawyer in Los Angeles with the firm of O’Melveny & Myers. His mother, Wilhma Wilson Sill (1893–1971), was the daughter of a carriage trimmer in Illinois.

paragraphs: His brother, Edwin Sill Fussell, was an author, poet, and professor of American Studies at the University of California, San Diego. His sister Florence Fussell Lind lives in Berkeley, California.

paragraphs: Fussell studied at Pomona College and at Harvard University. After he graduated, he served in World War II from 1943 until a year after the war ended in 1946. He was awarded a Bronze Star Medal and a Purple Heart. After the war, he taught at Connecticut College (1951–55) before moving to Rutgers University in 1955 and finally the University of Pennsylvania in 1983. He also taught at the University of Heidelberg (1957–58) and at King’s College London (1990–92).

paragraphs: He was married to Betty Fussell in 1949. The couple had two children, and divorced in 1981. He later was married to Harriette Behringer until his death in 2012. On May 23, 2012, Fussell died in Portland, Oregon of Parkinson's disease at age 88.

paragraphs: Fussell's 1975 book "The Great War" and "Modern Memory" won the National Book Award in category Arts and Letters, the National Book Critics Circle Award for Criticism, and the Ralph Waldo Emerson Award of Phi Beta Kappa. It was ranked number 75 in the Modern Library Board's List of the 100 Best Nonfiction Books of the Twentieth Century.

paragraphs: In 1977, Fussell was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature. He won the 2005 Hessell-Tiltman Prize for The Boys' Crusade. Fussell was one of the veterans interviewed in the 2007 Ken Burns and Lynn Novick documentary "The War", and in the 1999 ABC-produced documentary "The Century: America's Time".


title: Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen

paragraphs: Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen is 2009 live-action sequel to Transformers. It was directed by Michael Bay and written by Roberto Orci, Ehren Kruger, and Alex Kurtzman. It stars Shia LaBeouf as Sam Witwicky.

paragraphs: The movie grossed a total of $402 million in North America and $836 million worldwide. It was the second most successful movie of 2009, behind "Avatar".

paragraphs: The movie was nominated for Best Sound Mixing. The movie won five Scream Awards and two Teen Choice Awards. "Revenge of the Fallen" was also nominated for the Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film.

paragraphs: It was nominated for seven Razzie Awards. They won three: for the Worst Picture, Worst Director, and Worst Screenplay.


title: Army Burn Hall College

paragraphs: Army Burn Hall College (ABHC) formerly Burn Hall School is a school and college in Abbottabad, Pakistan. In 1948, a year after Pakistan gained independence from the British Empire, a few missionary fathers moved to Abbottabad with a handful of students, from Srinagar, Kashmir, where the original school was, and founded a branch here. Between 1948 and 1977, the school was run by these missionary fathers and supervised by the Board of Education of the Rawalpindi Diocese of the Church of Pakistan. However, in 1977 the fathers were forcibly evicted by the Pakistan Army which took over the institution. They made several changes to the school and its spirit and mode of education, gradually bringing it into line with their own goals and objectives. Since 1990-1991, it is no longer a proper public school along the English model but a military-style graduate college, with separate branches for boys and girls.


title: Rabia Basri

paragraphs: Rābia al-Adawiyya al-Qaysiyya (; 717 – 801 AD) was a female Muslim saint and Sufi mystic. She was born in Basra, and is therefore also called Rābia al-Basrī ().

paragraphs: She was the fourth daughter of her family and therefore named Rābi’a, meaning "fourth". Her family was very poor. She was very devoted to God. When Rābia's father died, she became an orphan. She was captured by thieves and sold into slavery. During the day, she worked for her master. During the night, she prayed to God. Once her master learned about her passionate faith, he immediately released her. He decided to serve her instead.

paragraphs: Rābia became an ascetic. Over time, many came to follow her. Even though Rābia did many favors for them and lived in poverty and hardship, she never asked for anything, even from God.

paragraphs: The name Rābia is used to describe women of the highest type of spirituality. She is considered one of the most devoted Sufi saints. She is highly revered.


title: 2011 Green Bay Packers season

paragraphs: The 2011 Green Bay Packers season was the franchise's 91st season in the National Football League, the 93rd season overall and the sixth under head coach Mike McCarthy.

paragraphs: They were the defending Super Bowl 45 champions after they won against the Steelers 31-25. They not only improved from their 10-6 record but also became the sixth team to win at least 15 games. Like the 2009 Saints, 2005 Colts, and the 1998 Broncos, they won the first 13 games of the season and lost the next game. The 2009 Saints and the 1998 Broncos won their Super Bowls at that time.

paragraphs: Even though they had a 15-1 record, they did not repeat, because they lost to the New York Giants 37-20 in the divisional rounds.

paragraphs: After finishing the 2010 regular season with a 10–6 record, the Packers went 4–0 in the postseason en route to winning Super Bowl XLV. As a result, the Packers received the final selection (32nd) in the first round of the 2011 NFL Draft.

paragraphs: The Packers started their 2011 season by taking on the Saints, the Super Bowl 44 champions. Randall Cobb not only caught his first career touchdown pass in the first quarter, but also returned a kickoff 108 yards for a touchdown. Aaron Rodgers has completed 27 of 35 pass attempts for 312 yards, 3 touchdown passes, no interceptions, and a passer rating of 132.1. With the Packers win, they began 1-0.

paragraphs: In a close win 38-35, the Packers improved to 12-0 as Mason Crosby kicked a game winning field goal with 3 seconds left.

paragraphs: The Chiefs stopped the Packers perfect season run in an upset win for Kansas City, making the Packers fall to 13-1.

paragraphs: Aaron Rodgers was not playing in the game, as he was rested. Brad Jones restrained a fan running on the field during the game.

paragraphs: QB Aaron Rodgers was named AP Most Valuable Player


title: A Goofy Movie

paragraphs: A Goofy Movie is a 1995 American animated musical comedy movie. It was released in theaters on April 7, 1995 by Walt Disney Pictures. The movie has characters from The Disney Afternoon television series "Goof Troop".

paragraphs: A direct-to-video sequel called "An Extremely Goofy Movie" was released in 2000.


title: Doug's 1st Movie

paragraphs: Doug's 1st Movie (also known as The First Doug Movie Ever) is a 1999 animated movie. It is the Disney version of the Nickelodeon television series "Doug". It was released by Walt Disney Pictures on March 26, 1999.


title: The Tigger Movie

paragraphs: The Tigger Movie is a 2000 American animated musical comedy-drama movie adapted from A. A. Milne's funny stories. It is part of the "Winnie-the-Pooh" series. The movie has Pooh's friend Tigger in a search for his family tree and other Tiggers like himself.

paragraphs: The movie was nominated for many awards in 2000 including the following:

paragraphs: It was also given an Oppenheim Toy Portfolio Gold Award.


title: Daniel Baldwin

paragraphs: Daniel Leroy Baldwin (born October 5, 1960) is an American movie, television, stage, voice actor, movie producer and movie director who is known for being the brother of Alec Baldwin, Stephen Baldwin, and William Baldwin. He is also known for his roles in "" (1992), "Mulholland Falls" (1996), "Vampires" (1998), "The Pandora Project" (1998), "Stealing Candy (2002), "Paparazzi" (2004), and "Grey Gardens (2009).

paragraphs: Baldwin was born on October 5, 1960 in Massapequa, New York. He studied at from Alfred G. Berner High School and at McKenna Junior High School.


title: Qateel Shifai

paragraphs: Qateel Shifai (real name Aurangzeb) (24 December 1919 - 11 July 2001) () was a Pakistani Urdu poet of controversial reputation and work.

paragraphs: Qateel Shifai was born in Haripur, Hazara Division, British India (now Pakistan). He adopted 'Qateel Shifai' as his pen name in 1938. Due to his father's early death, Qateel was forced to quit his education. Being unsuccessful in his business he decided to move to Rawalpindi, where he started working for a transport company. In 1946, he was called to Lahore to work as the assistant editor of the monthly 'Adab-e-Latif', a literary magazine.

paragraphs: In January 1947, Qateel was asked to help write the songs of a film by a Lahore-based film producer. The first film he helped penned the lyrics for was "Teri Yaad". After that there was no looking back and initially, after working for some time as assistant lyricist to some of the famous poets/lyricists of the time (c.1947-48 to 1956-57), he eventually became a regular full-time film lyricist. Shifai wrote several collections of his poetry but is best known for being a film lyricist. During the 1970s and 1980s, quite some controversy developed regarding his 'misappropriation' of a couple of old poems, which had been adapted as film lyrics/songs in the movie "Gumnaam" (1954). It was later proved that this song, ' Tu lakh chale ri gori thum thum ke', was not Shifai's work and he had to retract his earlier claim and also remove it from a proposed collection of poems and songs he had planned to publish.

paragraphs: Later on after the late 1980s, Shifai settled down to a full-time career in the film industry and also produced new volumes of poems and songs, which were considered good. A few of these were also awarded literary prizes. However, even then, the rumors and criticism of his work and talent never wholly died out and he remained a somewhat dubious figure until the end of his career.


title: Adventure Time

paragraphs: Adventure Time is an American animated television series created by Pendleton Ward for Cartoon Network. Finn and Jake live in the Land of Ooo, a land that has been destroyed by the "Great Mushroom War."


title: Btrfs

paragraphs: Btrfs (B-tree filesystem) is a filesystem for Linux. It is currently considered beta (unfinished) software, but is reasonably feature complete and the on-disk format is finalized. It has many features that ext4 lacked, such spreading one filesystem over multiple hard drives (RAID), and transparent compression, which compresses files without the user having to decompress them manually.


title: Flugelhorn

paragraphs: A Flügelhorn is a musical instrument, a part of the brass family. It looks similar to the trumpet but the tubing is wider and more conical. It is pitched in Bb like trumpets and cornets. It can have three piston valves like a trumpet, or rotary valves like a French horn. It has been described as being a bugle with valves. The sound is more mellow, not as harsh as a trumpet.

paragraphs: The instrument was developed from German hunting horns, and became popular in brass bands in the 1850's. Performers such as Miles Davis have used the Flügelhorn in jazz recordings.


title: Loïc Vadelorge

paragraphs: Loïc Vadelorge, born 26 November 1964, is a French historian, teacher of at the Paris 13 University and former teacher at the "Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines" (1998 to 2009) and at the University of Rouen from 1992 to 1994.

paragraphs: He obtained a PhD in 1996. Member of the Research Centre Economies, Societies, Cultures, his research focuses on the history of cultural policies, the history of cities and equipment.


title: Maringka Baker

paragraphs: Maringka Baker is an Aboriginal artist from central Australia. She lives in the Pitjantjatjara community of Kaṉpi, South Australia, and paints for Tjungu Palya, based in nearby Nyapaṟi. Maringka paints sacred stories from her family's Dreaming (spirituality). As well as the important cultural meanings they carry, her paintings are known for being rich in colour and contrast. She often paints the desert landscape in bright green colours, and contrasts it against reds and ochres to depict landforms. She also uses layers of contrasting colours to show the detail of the desert in full bloom.

paragraphs: Maringka was born in outback Western Australia around 1952. She was born at Kaliumpil, an old ceremonial and camping site on the Ngaanyatjarra lands. Her mother and father died when she was a young girl, and Maringka was brought up by Anmanari Brown and her other relatives. She went to primary school on the mission at Warburton, but ran away to join relatives in Ernabella. She later moved to Kaltjiti, where she finished high school and got a job as a teacher.

paragraphs: In the late 1960s, Maringka married a man from Papulankutja. They had a daughter, Elaine, in 1969. Maringka's husband died while Elaine was still a baby. Maringka became a health worker and she moved with her daughter to Irrunytju to work in the local clinic. In the 1980s, Maringka married Douglas Baker (nephew of Jimmy Baker), and they moved back east to live at Kaṉpi.

paragraphs: Maringka began painting in 2004. She paints for Tjungu Palya, a community arts centre based in nearby Nyapaṟi. She has become one of the centre's most well-known painters. Since 2005, Maringka's work has been exhibited in many cities around Australia, including Adelaide, Alice Springs, Broome, Canberra, Melbourne, Perth and Sydney. Overseas, her work has been shown in exhibitions in Singapore, Seattle and London. Her work is held in the National Gallery of Australia, the Art Gallery of South Australia, the Australian National University, and the National Gallery of Victoria.

paragraphs: In 2007, Maringka was one of thirty artists featured in the first National Indigenous Art Triennial exhibition "Culture Warriors". It showed four of her paintings: "Anmangunga" (2006), "Kata Ala" (2006), "Ngura Mankurpa" (2006), and "Kuru Ala" (2007). The last of these, "Kuru Ala", is a depiction of a sacred women's site near Tjuntjuntjara that is associated with the creation story of the Seven Sisters (called Kungkarrakalpa in Pitjantjatjara). It was chosen as a finalist for the National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Art Award in 2009, and is displayed in the National Gallery in Canberra.


title: James Sloyan

paragraphs: James Sloyan (born February 20, 1940 in Indianapolis, Indiana) is an American actor. He has acted in the television shows "Star Trek" and "Hawaii 5-O". He acted in the movie "The Sting". He has also acted in soap operas.

paragraphs: Sloyan is married and has two children, Daniel and Samantha. In 1957, he received a scholarship to the American Academy of Dramatic Arts. He is married to actress Deirdre Lanihan.


title: Burn Hall Srinagar

paragraphs: Burn Hall Srinagar or Burn Hall School Srinagar or sometimes New Burn Hall School, Srinagar is an English-style public school in Srinagar, Kashmir. It was originally established at Baramula, nearby, in the early 1930s by British missionaries. In 1947, India and Pakistan obtained freedom from the British Raj and split up; and at the time, the school also divided into two branches. The original school, shifted from Baramula to Srinagar where it still exists. On the other hand, a branch that was opened as the 'Burn Hall School' in Abbottabad, Pakistan, was taken over by the Pakistan Army. That is now called Army Burn Hall College.


title: Farid-ud-din Attar

paragraphs: Abū Hamīd bin Abū Bakr Ibrāhīm better known by his pen-name Farīd-ud-dīn Attār (i.e. 'Farid-ud-din the perfumer'), was a Persian poet, Sufi and Muslim theoretician. Little is known about his life and he was probably born in Nishapur, Persia, sometime in the 1140s. He died in 1220 AD. His most famous works are his long allegorical poem, "Mantiq at -Tayr" (The Conference of Birds) and his account of the lives of many Sufi saints, the "Tazkirat el Auliya".


title: Lionel Logue

paragraphs: Lionel George Logue (26 February 1880 – 12 April 1953) was an Australian speech therapist, scientist, and stage actor who successfully treated King George VI, who had a pronounced stammer.

paragraphs: Lionel George Logue was born in College Town, Adelaide, South Australia on 26 February 1880. Logue was married to Myrtle Gruenert from 1907 until her death in 1945. They had three children.

paragraphs: Before he ascended the throne, Albert, Duke of York hated public speaking because he suffered from a severe stammer. His closing speech at the British Empire Exhibition at Wembley on 31 October 1925 proved that the speaker and listeners alike. The experience left the Duke resolved to find a way to manage his stammer, so he engaged Logue in 1926.

paragraphs: Diagnosing poor co-ordination between the Duke's larynx and thoracic diaphragm, Logue prescribed a daily hour of vocal exercises. Logue's treatment gave the Duke the confidence to relax and avoid tension-induced muscle spasms. As a result, he suffered only the occasional hesitancy in speech. By 1927, he was speaking confidently and managed his address at the opening of the Old Parliament House in Canberra without stammering.

paragraphs: Logue worked with the Duke through the 1930s and 40s. He used tongue-twisters to help his patient rehearse for major speeches, his coronation, and his radio broadcasts to the British Empire throughout the Second World War. The two men remained friends until the King's death.

paragraphs: Logue died in London, England on 12 April 1953, aged 73 from natural causes. His funeral was held on 17 April 1953 in Holy Trinity, Brompton before his body was cremated.

paragraphs: He was played by actor Geoffrey Rush in Tom Hooper's 2010 movie, "The King's Speech.


title: Tamara (Spanish singer)

paragraphs: Tamara Macarena Valcárcel Serrano (born 27 June 1984) is a singer from Seville, Spain. She is the granddaughter of singer Rafael Farina.


title: Carla Medina

paragraphs: Carla Rubí Medina Villarreal (born June 29, 1984), better known as Carla Medina, Carla or Amiga de Alejandro Fernández is a Mexican TV host and singer. She hosted the Disney Channel program "Zapping Zone".

paragraphs: Medina provided the voice of Trixie in the Spanish soundtrack for "Toy Story 3".


title: René Auberjonois

paragraphs: René Murat Auberjonois (June 1, 1940 – December 8, 2019) was an American movie, television, stage, and voice actor. He was known for his roles as Father Mulcahy in movie version of "M*A*S*H", as Chef Louis in "The Little Mermaid", and as Odo in the "" television program. He won a Drama Desk Award and a Tony Award.

paragraphs: Auberjonois was born on June 1, 1940 in New York City, New York. He married Judith Mihalyi in 1963. They had two children.

paragraphs: Auberjonois died from lung cancer at his home in Los Angeles on December 8, 2019, at age 79.


title: Nizam-ud-din Auliya

paragraphs: Hazrat Shaikh Khwaja Syed Muhammad Nizamuddin Auliya (1238 – 3 April 1325), also known as Hazrat Nizamuddin, was a famous Sufi saint of the Chishti Order in India. His shrine is in old Delhi and is one of the more important Chishti shrines in all South Asia.


title: Pendleton Ward

paragraphs: Pendleton "Pen" Ward (born July 8, 1982) is an American animator, musician, screenwriter and producer who works for Cartoon Network Studios and Frederator Studios. He created the three-time Emmy-nominated "Adventure Time" (2010).

paragraphs: Ward was born on July 8, 1982 in Los Angeles, California. He studied at CalArts.


title: J. G. Quintel

paragraphs: James Garland "J. G." Quintel (born September 13, 1982) is an American animator, television writer, and voice actor. He is best known as the creator of the animated television series, "Regular Show" on Cartoon Network. He was also the creative director of "The Marvelous Misadventures of Flapjack" on Cartoon Network. He won an Primetime Emmy Award in 2012.

paragraphs: Quintel was born on September 13, 1982 in Hanford, California. He studied at the California Institute of the Arts.


title: Recess: School's Out

paragraphs: Recess: School's Out is a 2001 animated movie. It is based on the Disney television series "Recess". It was released to theaters in the United States on February 16, 2001. It was released on video and DVD on August 7, 2001.


title: Return to Never Land

paragraphs: Return to Never Land (also known as Peter Pan in Disney's Return to Never Land) is a 2002 American animated movie. It was produced by DisneyToon Studios in Sydney, Australia. The movie is a sequel to the 1953 "Peter Pan".

paragraphs: Because nearly five decades had passed since the original Disney movie, a new cast of voice actors was used for this sequel. Kathryn Beaumont, who was the voice of Wendy in the original, recorded all of the now-adult character's dialogue for "Return to Never Land". Disney Studios later had Kath Soucie completely rerecord the role.


title: Designer drug

paragraphs: Designer drugs are legal drugs that are made and sold to have the same effects as illegal drugs. These drugs are chemicals that change the way a person acts and feels. The government does not regulate designer drugs and this makes them dangerous to use.

paragraphs: Designer drugs were first sold in the United States around 1925. They were made because a lot of popular drugs were no longer allowed to be used. The government passed a law making drugs like morphine and heroin illegal, causing people to find new drugs. Ecstasy is another drug example. It was legal and used for psychotherapy until 1985 when it was banned. Since 2005, there are many more drugs like these being developed. Now there are designer drugs for several alternative drug groups. These drugs have a lot of different effects and people choose each one for different reasons.

paragraphs: There are different ways that these drugs affect the body. The user can smoke (breathe in), inject, sniff (breathe in the solid), or ingest (eat) the drugs. Once they are inside and in the bloodstream the drug changes the way chemicals are sent throughout the brain. By changing the messages sent, the brain will respond in a way specific to each drug. Some drugs and their effect will be felt in minutes and only last for a few hours. Other drugs will be felt in around an hour and then their effects can last up to several days. The amount of the drug taken can also change how strongly the user reacts to it. Too much of the drug can lead to drug tolerance. Drug tolerance is when the user has taken the drug for a long time and can no longer get the same effect from only taking a small amount of the drug. This will cause the person to take more of the drug to have the same effect. Doing this will eventually lead to an overdose. Designer drugs can be highly addictive so it can be hard to stop taking them in dangerous amounts.

paragraphs: Other names for designer drugs are "bath salts" or "plant food." The real chemicals in these drugs are mephedrone, methylone, and methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV). By writing "Not for human consumption (eating/drinking)" on the bags sellers are able to find a way around selling them online and in stores. Using labels like this help companies get around the Federal Analog Act which makes it illegal to sell drugs like these for human use.

paragraphs: Different types of these drugs include opioids, psychedelics, dissociatives, piperazine-based, entactogens, stimulants, sedatives, cannabinoids, and anabolic steroids. Not all of these drugs are sold as bath salts or designer drugs, but they can be. Sometimes these types of drugs can be used legally or as more serious illegal drugs.

paragraphs: Because many of these drugs are new in many countries there are not laws regulating them. Recently, if a drug became illegal a new drug would be made that was similar to the original.

paragraphs: In Germany, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Sweden the government decides what to do with these drugs as problems come up. In Australia the government has not only banned all of these drugs but also drugs that have not been created yet. By banning the process and the use of chemicals that are similar to illegal drugs the government has tried to stop new drugs from developing. This law will not be able to stop new, original drugs from forming, though.

paragraphs: In the United States the Controlled Substances Act and the Controlled Substances Analogue Enforcement of 1986 both tried to make it a crime to make, sell, or own any drug that was chemically similar to an illegal drug.


title: Royal Birmingham Society of Artists

paragraphs: The Royal Birmingham Society of Artists (also called RBSA) is a group of artists who have a lot of experience and education. It is located in an area of Birmingham, England called the Jewellery Quarter. The RSBA has an art gallery there. It is a charity.

paragraphs: It was opened in 1821 and called the "Birmingham Society of Artists". They had an art gallery and office space located on New Street in 1829. They changed their name to the RBSA in 1868. It was very well known during the Victorian era. It had many famous artists of the time period such as William Morris. RBSA wanted to have an art school, but another art school, the Birmingham School of Art, opened in the area before RBSA could start one. In the late 20th century their original building was going to be destroyed. RBSA moved to an old warehouse. Charles, Prince of Wales opened the new gallery on 12 April 2000. The people who lead the organization are named "President." They have all been artists.


title: Piglet's Big Movie

paragraphs: Piglet's Big Movie is a 2003 American animated movie. It was released by Walt Disney Pictures on March 21, 2003. It is based on the characters in the "Winnie-the-Pooh" books written by A. A. Milne. In the movie, Piglet is ashamed of being small. He wanders off into the Hundred Acre Woods, leading his friends to form a search party to find him.


title: Gabriel o Pensador

paragraphs: Gabriel Contino better known as Gabriel o Pensador is a Brazilian rapper. He was born in Rio de Janeiro (city), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil on March 4, 1974.

paragraphs: He began his musical career to launch a demo with the song "I'm Happy (I killed the President)" and was soon hired by Sony Music.

paragraphs: Besides singer, Gabriel is a writer in 2001 and released the autobiographical book" Diary" Nocturne, four years later launched" A Boy Called Rorbeto", which won the Jabuti Award best children's book of the year next. In 2008 released the book" My Little Rubro-Negro" and a year later launched a special version of the same book titled" My Little Crimson-Black - Special Edition Hexa".


title: Teacher's Pet (movie)

paragraphs: Teacher's Pet is a 2004 animated musical movie. It is based on the television series of the same name. The movie ends the central storyline of the series. The movie released theatrically on January 16, 2004.


title: MV Bill

paragraphs: Alex Pereira Barbosa better known as MV Bill is a Brazilian rapper. He was born in Rio de Janeiro (city), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil on January 3, 1974.

paragraphs: Alongside the career of rapper"," MV Bill launched in 2005, along with Celso Athayde, the book" Head Pig". The following year," Falcon - Traffic Kids", available in book and DVD, which became known nationally after viewing the program Fantasy, the Globo.


title: Pooh's Heffalump Movie

paragraphs: Pooh's Heffalump Movie is a 2005 animated film released by Walt Disney Pictures, featuring characters from A.A. Milne's "Winnie-the-Pooh" stories.

paragraphs: A sequel, "Pooh's Heffalump Halloween Movie", was released direct-to-video on September 13, 2005.


title: Rappin' Hood

paragraphs: Rappin' Hood is a Brazilian rapper. He was born in São Paulo, Brazil on June 5, 1972.

paragraphs: In 2008, signed to TV Cultura to present the program Manos e Minas appears on Wednesdays and 19h 30 min. However, he left the program in April 2009, leaving the command of the same for the rapper Thaíde.


title: Belle's Magical World

paragraphs: Beauty and the Beast: Belle's Magical World is a 1998 direct-to-video Disney midquel movie. It is the third in the "Beauty and the Beast" trilogy. It was first released on February 17, 1998.


title: Thaíde

paragraphs: Thaíde is a Brazilian rapper. He was born in São Paulo, Brazil on November 5, 1967.

paragraphs: In April 2009, he took over the program Manos e Minas, the TV Cultura, leaving the program a year later. Signed to TV Bandeirantes in 2010 and currently presents the program "A Liga" on this same station, along with Lobão, Caze Peçanha, Débora Vilalba and Sophia Reis program" and Metro Black Radio" Metropolitana FM of São Paulo along with Marcela Rocha.


title: Pocahontas II: Journey to a New World

paragraphs: Pocahontas II: Journey to a New World is a 1998 direct-to-video sequel to the 1995 Disney movie "Pocahontas". The movie is inspired by true events in the life of Pocahontas. These events take place several years after meeting John Smith and the founders of Jamestown. The first movie was about her romance with John Smith. This movie is about her romance with the Englishman she married in real life, John Rolfe.

paragraphs: All the returning characters from the first movie keep the same voice actors, except for Captain John Smith who is voiced by Donal Gibson.


title: Xis

paragraphs: Xis is a Brazilian rapper. He was born in São Paulo, Brazil on November 24, 1972.

paragraphs: He participated in the second edition of Casa dos Artistas in 2002 in SBT. However, at 21 days of confinement, left home due to new program participants. In the same year, he won his second trophy" "Best Video Rap"" in VMB.


title: The Game of the District Messenger Boy

paragraphs: The Game of the District Messenger Boy; or, Merit Rewarded is a board game published by McLoughlin Brothers in 1886. Players race their tokens around a track as lowly messenger boys. The first player to reach the Head of the Firm space at track's end is the winner. The game is one of the earliest American games to insinuate (suggest as truth) that social status is increased with the accumulation of wealth. Prior to its publication, Christian virtue as a means to a better life was the focus of American board games such as "The Mansion of Happiness". Variants of "District Messenger Boy" include "The Game of the Messenger Boy." Competitive, materialsitic board games culminated in 1935 with "Monopoly".


title: Warta

paragraphs: The Warta (; ) is a river in western-central Poland. It is a tributary of the Oder river. It is about long. The Warta is Poland's third longest river. Its river basin is . It is connected to the Vistula by the river Noteć and the Bydgoszcz Canal ("Kanał Bydgoski") near Bydgoszcz.

paragraphs: The Warta river starts in the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland at Kromołów near Zawiercie in the Silesian Voivodeship. It flows through Łódź Voivodeship, Greater Poland (Wielkopolska), and Lubusz Voivodeship. It empties into the Oder river in a town called Kostrzyn nad Odrą, on the border with Germany.

paragraphs: The Warta's river basis was the original territory of Poland. The Polans tribe () lived there starting in the 8th century (700 CE). The Polish national anthem, "Mazurek Dąbrowskiego", mentions the Warta in its second verse.

paragraphs: The Warta river runs through many different cities and towns:


title: Aura (symptom)

paragraphs: An aura is the changes that people see, hear, smell, taste, or feel before they have an epileptic seizure, or before they have a migraine. It comes from the Greek word for breeze. The cause of the aura is related to the way the brain works, so this is a neurological condition.

paragraphs: There are different kinds of migraines. About 15% of people who have a migraine will have an aura. The symptoms may include visual problems like not being able to see for a short time, seeing zig-zag lines or floating spots, dizziness, a ringing noise in the ears (tinnitus), and problems speaking. It may take up to an hour after the aura begins before a person starts getting a migraine.

paragraphs: Many people with epilepsy have an aura before having a seizure. This can be helpful, because the aura can tell the person that a seizure is coming ahead of time, and give them time to get to a safe place. The time between the aura and the seizure is usually short (often from seconds to minutes).

paragraphs: There are other neurological conditions which can cause aura-like symptoms. These include strokes and panic attacks, for example.

paragraphs: Scotoma (came from the Greek word for darkness: "skotos"): a "blind spot" or area of reduced vision surrounded by a normal visual field. i.e.: A person can see normally except where the scotoma is. Scotomas may affect one or both eyes. They can be either "absolute," where the person can see nothing within the scotoma, or "relative," where the person can see something within the scotoma, but less than usual.


title: Eupleridae

paragraphs: The family Eupleridae is a group of carnivores found in Madagascar. The family has of eight species and seven genera in two subfamilies. They live in a variety of habitats, from humid forests, marshes, bogs, and swamps, to deserts and savannas.

paragraphs: The Euplerids are a clade. They are descendents of ancestors which rafted over from Africa about 20 million years ago (mya). They are closely related to mongooses. The fossa and the Malagasy civet ("Fossa fossana") are believed to be the most ancient surviving species in this group.

paragraphs: Euplerids usually have slender bodies with relatively small heads. Head and body length ranges from 250 mm to 800 mm. Euplerids are primarily carnivorous, eating small mammals, birds, reptiles, frogs, insects, crustaceans, and other invertebrates. "Fossa fossana" and "Galidia elegans" may also eat some fruit.

paragraphs: Fossas form monogamous pairs, while species in the genera "Galidia", "Mungotictis", and "Salanoia" live alone or in pairs, suggesting that they are monogamous for one breeding season only. "Mungotictis" individuals live in small groups with several adults of each sex, but it is not known if all of the adults in a group breed. "Cryptoprocta" only live alone, suggesting a polygynous or polygynandrous mating system.

paragraphs: Euplerids have definite breeding seasons. Each species' season is different and lasts from two to eight months. Gestation lasts around three months. Usually, just one or two young are born per litter, though Cryptoprocta can have up to four. Weaning takes place between two and four and a half months.

paragraphs: All species in this family are threatened. The main causes are loss of habitat and hunting by humans or dogs. (IUCN 2006)


title: Tracey Walter

paragraphs: Tracey Walter (born November 25, 1947) is an American movie, television, stage, and voice actor who is known for his role as Bob the Goon in Tim Burton's 1989 movie "Batman". He won a Saturn Award in 1984.

paragraphs: Walter was born on November 25, 1947 in Jersey City, New Jersey.


title: Montgomery Clift

paragraphs: Montgomery Edward "Monty" Clift (October 17, 1920 – July 23, 1966) was an American movie, television, radio, and stage actor who is known for his roles in "From Here to Eternity", "A Place in the Sun", "The Misfits", "Red River", and in "Judgement at Nuremberg". He was nominated four times for an Academy Award. His great-great-grandfather was politician Francis Preston Blair.

paragraphs: Clift was born on October 17 1920, in Omaha, Nebraska. He was raised in Jackson Heights, Queens, New York City. He began his career in Broadway in 1935 when he was only 13 years old. He worked with many famous actors such as Marlon Brando and Elizabeth Taylor.

paragraphs: He was never married and had no children. He was homosexual. He had a boyfriend with Maurice Leonard. Clift died on July 23, 1966 in New York City from a heart attack caused by coronary artery disease, aged 45.


title: League of Legends

paragraphs: As of 2013, it is the most played computer game in the world with over 32 million active users per month. It is currently the most played game in the world by active users per month. The game is very popular for professional competitions.

paragraphs: In League of Legends, summoners select a “champion” from a pool of 143 possible choices, each with their own set of unique abilities. Each player plays in a team with 4 other people against another 5 person team. The goal of the team is to make it to the opposite team’s base, called a "nexus", and destroy it in one of 3 battle arenas, called maps. However, to accomplish this, teams must first destroy 3 "towers" and an "inhibitor" in at least one "lane". The Nexus also spawns AI controlled minions for each team, that move forward and attack the first enemy champion, minion or turret they see.The most popular map, Summoner's Rift, is split into three lanes that each have three turrets and an inhibitor. Players can kill minions, or other enemy players to gain gold which can be spent on items to make their champion stronger.

paragraphs: Between each lane are paths where neutral monsters spawn, called the "jungle". Either side can kill these monsters to gain gold, experience and buffs.

paragraphs: Each champion has three normal abilities and an ultimate ability. Killing minions, jungle monsters and enemy champions gives experience and when a certain amount is reached the champion 'levels up' and the player can spend a point to improve one of their abilities. There are 18 levels and points can be spent in any order. However, these points can only be used to buy a champion's ultimate ability and it's improvements at levels 6, 11 and 16.

paragraphs: Player experience and intelligence points are earned by playing matches over time. Player accounts begin at level one. There is no level cap, but some of the game modes are not unlocked until level 30. They also unlock abilities called summoner spells that can be used in game, as well as Runes. These provide small bonuses during the game.


title: Ibn ul-Arabi

paragraphs: Hazrat Sheikh Mohye-ed-din Ibn ul-Arabī (Arabic: ابن عربي) (July 28, 1165 – November 10, 1240) was an Arab Andalusian Sufi mystic, poet and philosopher.

paragraphs: He is renowned in the Muslim world as "Sheikh ul Akbar" (The Greatest Sheikh), for his famous explanation of the concept of "Tawhid" (Oneness of God) through the concept or perception of the idea of "Wahdat ul Wajood" (Oneness of Being).

paragraphs: He was born in Murcia. When he was a child his family moved to Seville. Despite living in Spain, he visited North Africa a lot. In 1202 he visited Mecca, as part of his Hajj. He lived in Mecca for three years. He also visited Syria, Iraq, Turkey and Palestine. He would eventually move to Damascus. He died there in 1240.

paragraphs: His most famous book is called "The Meccan Revelations" ("Al-Futuhat al-Makkiyya" in Arabic). It has 560 chapters. In the book, he writes about cosmology, metaphysics, religion, and Islam.


title: Abd al-Qadir al-Gillani

paragraphs: ʿAbd al-Qādir Gīlānī, (, formally Muḥyī l-Dīn Abū Muḥammad b. Abū Sālih ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Gīlānī al-Ḥasanī wa'l-Ḥusaynī (, , , ), known as for short was a Hanbali Sunni Muslim preacher, orator, ascetic, mystic, sayyid, faqīh, and theologian. He was known for being the eponymous founder of the Qadiriyya tariqa (Sufi order) of Sufism.

paragraphs: Born 29 Sha'ban 470 AH (around 1077) in the town of Na'if, district of Gilan-e Gharb, Gilan, Iran and died Monday, February 14, 1166 (11 Rabi' al-Thani 561 AH), in Baghdad, (1077–1166 CE), was a Persian Hanbali Sunni jurist and sufi based in Baghdad. The Qadiriyya tariqa is named after him. And say that he was born in Gilan Iraq, a historic village near the cities (Al-Mada'in) of 40 kilometers south of Baghdad, as evidenced by historical studies academic and adopted by the Gilan Family in Baghdad.

paragraphs: The name "Muhiyudin" describes him as a "reviver of religion". Gilan (Arabic "al-Jilani") refers to his place of birth, Gilan. However, Gilani also carried the epithet "Baghdadi." referring to his residence and burial in Baghdad. He is also called "al-Hasani wa'l-Husayni", which indicates a claim to lineal descent from both Hasan ibn Ali and Husayn ibn Ali may Allah be pleased with them.

paragraphs: Gilani's father was from Sayyid lineage. He was respected as a saint by the people of his day, and was known as "Jangi Dost" "who loves God", thus "Jangidost" was his sobriquet.

paragraphs: Gilani spent his early life in Gilan, the town of his birth. In 1095, at the age of eighteen years, he went to Baghdad. There, he pursued the study of Hanbali law under Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi and ibn Aqil. He was given lessons on Hadith by Abu Muhammad Ja'far al-Sarraj. His Sufi spiritual instructor was Abu'l-Khair Hammad ibn Muslim al-Dabbas. (A detailed description of his various teachers and subjects are included below). After completing his education, Gilani left Baghdad. He spent twenty-five years as a reclusive wanderer in the desert regions of Iraq.

paragraphs: At the age of 18, Gilani went to Baghdad to study the Hanbali school of fiqh.

paragraphs: In 1127, Gilani returned to Baghdad and began to preach to the public. He joined the teaching staff of the school belonging to his own teacher, al-Mazkhzoomi, and was popular with students. In the morning he taught hadith and tafsir, and in the afternoon he held discourse on the science of the heart and the virtues of the Quran. He was said to have been a convincing preacher and converted numerous Jews and Christians. His strength came in the reconciling of the mystical nature of Sufism and strict nature of the Quran.

paragraphs: Gilani died in the evening of Tuesday, February 21, 1166 (11th Rabi' al-thani 561 AH) at the age of ninety one years according to the Islamic calendar. His body was entombed in a shrine within his madrasa in Babul-Sheikh, Rusafa on the east bank of the Tigris in Baghdad, Iraq. During the reign of the Safavid Shah Ismail I, Gilani's shrine was destroyed. However, in 1535, the Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent had a "turba" (dome) built over the shrine, which exists to this day.

paragraphs: 1 Ramadan is celebrated as the birthday of Abdul Qadir Gilani while the death anniversary is on 11 Rabi us Thani though some scholars and traditions say 29 Shaban and 17 Rabi us Sani as birth and death day respectively. The later is called in the Subcontinent as Giyarwee Shareef or Honoured Day of 11th.


title: Donald Keene

paragraphs: Donald Lawrence Keene (June 18, 1922 – February 24, 2019), also known as , was an American and Japanese scholar, teacher, writer, translator and Japan studies expert.

paragraphs: Keene's contributions to the understanding of Japanese culture were recognized by the Japanese government in 2002 and in 2008. In 2012, Keene became a Japanese citizen and he explained,

paragraphs: Keene was born in Brooklyn in New York City. He received a Bachelor's degree from Columbia in 1942. He studied Japanese language at the U.S. Navy Japanese Language School. After World War II, he returned to Columbia where he earned a master's degree in 1947.

paragraphs: He earned a Ph.D. from Columbia in 1951. In this period, Ryūsaku Tsunoda became his mentor.

paragraphs: Starting in 1955, Keene was a professor at Columbia University for over fifty years. He retired from Columbia after the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami. He became a Japanese citizen under the name "Kīn Donarudo".

paragraphs: His first visit to Japan was during the Battle of Okinawa in 1945.

paragraphs: Keene died on February 24, 2019 in Tokyo from heart failure, aged 96.

paragraphs: In an overview of writings by and about Keene, OCLC/WorldCat lists roughly 600+ works in 1,400+ publications in 16 languages and 39,000+ library holdings.


title: Katherine LaNasa

paragraphs: Katherine LaNasa (born December 1, 1966 in New Orleans, Louisiana) is an American movie and TV actress and dancer. She has acted in many television programs and movies. LaNasa was married to actors Dennis Hopper, French Stewart and Grant Show.


title: Ryūsaku Tsunoda

paragraphs: Tsunoda was responsible for the early growth of the Japanese language and literature collection at Columbia's library.

paragraphs: Tsunoda's best known students was Donald Keene. Keene's opinion of Tsunoda was explaind in a lecture given at Waseda University in 1994:

paragraphs: According to Sir George Sansom, Tsunoda was the "father of Japanese studies in America".

paragraphs: In an overview of writings by and about Tsunoda, OCLC/WorldCat lists roughly 50 works in 100+2 publications in 4 languages and 2,000+ library holdings.


title: Breton Party

paragraphs: The Breton Party (, ) is a social-democratic and social-liberal nationalist party which aspires to the creation of an independent Brittany, within the European Union.


title: Minkowski spacetime

paragraphs: In special relativity, the Minkowski spacetime is a four-dimensional manifold, created by Hermann Minkowski. It has four dimensions: three dimensions of space (x, y, z) and one dimension of time. Minkowski spacetime has a metric signature of (-+++), and describes a flat surface when no mass is present. The convention in this article is to call Minkowski spacetime simply spacetime.

paragraphs: However, Minkowski spacetime only applies in special relativity. General relativity used the notion of curved spacetime to describe the effects of gravity and accelerated motion.

paragraphs: Spacetime can be thought of as a four-dimensional coordinate system in which the axes are given by

paragraphs: Where formula_3 represents formula_4. The reason for measuring time in units of the speed of light times the time coordinate is so that the units for time are the same as the units for space. Spacetime has the differential for arc length given by

paragraphs: This implies that spacetime has a metric tensor given by

paragraphs: As before stated, spacetime is flat everywhere; to some extent, it can be thought of as a plane.

paragraphs: Spacetime can be thought of as the "arena" in which all of the events in the universe take place. All that one needs to specify a point in spacetime is a certain time and a typical spatial orientation. It is hard (virtually impossible) to visualize four dimensions, but some analogy can be made, using the method below.

paragraphs: Hermann Minkowski introduced a certain method for graphing coordinate systems in Minkowski spacetime. As seen to the right, different coordinate systems will disagree on an object's spatial orientation and/or position in time. As you can see from the diagram, there is only one spatial axis (the x-axis) and one time axis (the ct-axis). If need be, one can introduce an extra spatial dimension, (the y-axis); unfortunately, this is the limit to the number of dimensions: graphing in four dimensions is impossible. The rule for graphing in Minkowski spacetime goes as follows:

paragraphs: 1) The angle between the x-axis and the x'-axis is given by formula_7 where v is the velocity of the object

paragraphs: 2) The speed of light through spacetime "always" makes an angle of 45 degrees with either axis.

paragraphs: In the general theory of relativity, Einstein used the equation

paragraphs: To allow for spacetime to actually curve; the resulting effects are those of gravity.


title: Diane Pretty

paragraphs: Diane Pretty (15 November 1958 - 11 May 2002) was a British woman who became known for a debate on laws of euthanasia. She had attempted to change British law so she could end her own life because of the pains and problems of the terminal illness motor neurone disease.

paragraphs: Over time, the disease worsened and made it impossible for her to move or communicate easily even though her mental faculties remained normal. The illness resulted in her having to be looked after continuously by her husband and nurses. Pretty took her case to court using the Human Rights Act to argue not to prosecute anybody involved in helping her to die. British courts did not accept Pretty's arguments, with the House of Lords eventually turning her case down. The European Court of Human Rights refused to acknowledge that the European Convention on Human Rights provided a right to die, and her appeal to that court also failed. She died aged 43, as a result of her condition.


title: Megaevolution

paragraphs: Megaevolution is a term which describes the most dramatic events in evolution. By that is not meant a different kind of evolution; rather, it means evolution which produces a tremendous effect. It is not suggested that the evolutionary processes involved are special although, in some cases they might be. Since the word 'macroevolution' can apply to relatively modest changes at the species and genus level, 'megaevolution' may be used for really huge changes.

paragraphs: The adaptive radiation of birds in the Lower Cretaceous, teleosts in the Cretaceous, flowering plants in the Upper Cretaceous, mammals in the Eocene, moths in the Cretaceous are striking examples of macroevolution. However, there are even more important events in the history of life. An interesting list was prepared by Maynard Smith and Szathmáry, which they called the major transitions in evolution. They did the list twice.

paragraphs: Some of these topics have been discussed before.

paragraphs: Numbers one to six on the list are about events which are of huge importance, but about which we know relatively little. All occurred before (and mostly very much before) the fossil record started, or at least before the Phanerozoic eon.

paragraphs: Numbers seven and eight on the list are of a different kind from the first six, and are generally not considered by the other authors. Number four is of a type which is not covered by traditional evolutionary theory, The origin of eukaryotic cells is probably due to symbiosis between prokaryotes. This is a kind of evolution which must be a rare event.

paragraphs: The Cambrian explosion or Cambrian radiation was the relatively rapid appearance of most major animal phyla around 530 million years ago (mya) in the fossil record. It is the classic example of megaevolution. "The fossil record documents two mutually exclusive macroevolutionary modes separated by the transitional Ediacaran period".

paragraphs: Before about 580 mya it seems that most organisms were simple. They were made of individual cells occasionally organized into colonies. Over the following 70 or 80 million years the rate of evolution accelerated by an order of magnitude. Normally rates of evolution are measured by the extinction and origination rate of species, but here we can say that by the end of the Cambrian every phylum, or almost every phylum, existed.

paragraphs: The diversity of life began to resemble that of today.

paragraphs: The Cambrian explosion has caused much scientific debate. The seemingly rapid appearance of fossils in the 'primordial strata' was noted as early as the mid 19th century, and Charles Darwin saw it as one of the main objections that could be made against his theory of evolution by natural selection.


title: Deep Impact (space mission)

paragraphs: Deep Impact was a NASA space mission to study comets. It was sent out to meet Comet Tempel 1, and to crash a smaller space rocket deep into the comet's surface.

paragraphs: Deep Impact was launched on January 12, 2005 from the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station at Cape Canaveral, Florida. The rocket used was Delta II. It reached the comet in July 2005, from Earth. After taking photos, the impactor spacecraft was sent to crash into the surface on July 4, 2005. This created a huge crater and blasted parts of the comet into space. Deep Impact was able to study this debris which included ice and dust from deep inside the comet. This has helped scientists understand what comets are made of.

paragraphs: From the explosion scientists discovered that the comet had water ice both on the surface and deep inside. One scientist described it as being like a "...skating rink of snowy dirt." They were able to work out the comet was formed in the area between Uranus and Neptune.

paragraphs: After the mission, NASA decided to send Deep Impact to study the Comet 85P/Boethin. However the comet did not return on its expected 11 year path around the sun, and has not been seen since.


title: Tempel 1

paragraphs: Tempel 1 is a comet which orbits the sun every 5.5 years. It was discovered in 1867 by the astronomer Ernest Tempel. On July 4, 2005, NASA fired a spacecraft from Deep Impact into its surface creating a spectacular explosion. Scientists were able to study the debris from the explosion to discover what the comet was made from. They discovered that part of the comet was covered in water ice which made it like a skating rink. This was the first time that evidence of water had been found on a comet.


title: Reykjavík University

paragraphs: Reykjavík University (RU; ) is the largest private university in Iceland. The university has more than 3,500 students.


title: Richard Fagan

paragraphs: Richard Fagan (April 24, 1947 – August 5, 2016) was an American songwriter and musician. He had six top ten singles and 18 charted singles on the Billboard Country charts. Fagan's songs have been recorded by Neil Diamond, George Strait, John Michael Montgomery, Clay Walker, Ricochet, Hank Williams, Jr., George Jones, Shania Twain, Patty Loveless, Collin Raye, Shenandoah, The Crickets, Jason & the Scorchers, The Blues Brothers Band and many others.

paragraphs: In 1979 his song "The Good Lord Loves You" was recorded by Neil Diamond and released on the "September Morn" album. The song charted in the "Billboard" Hot 100, peaking at number 67 in April 1980.

paragraphs: Fagan died on August 5, 2016 in Nashville of liver cancer at the age of 69.


title: Artur Correia

paragraphs: Artur Manuel Soares Correia (18 April 1950 – 25 July 2016) was a Portuguese footballer. He played as a right back.

paragraphs: Nicknamed "Ruço", he amassed Primeira Liga totals of 234 games and four goals during 12 seasons, representing Académica, Benfica and Sporting, winning eight major titles with the second club including five national championships. He also spent two years in the United States, with the New England Tea Men.

paragraphs: Correia was a Portugal international for seven years, making his debut in 1972.

paragraphs: On 20 July of the following year, he suffered a second stroke that put him in a coma, and after five days in critical condition he died at the age of 66.


title: Domiati

paragraphs: Domiati cheese, or white cheese (), is a soft white cheese made in Egypt. It is also made in Sudan and other countries in the Middle East. It is made from buffalo milk, cow milk, or both of them. it can also be made from other milks, such as sheep, goat or camel milk. It is the most common Egyptian cheese. It is named after the city of Damietta (or Domyat).


title: Mate Rimac

paragraphs: Mate Rimac is a Croatian inventor and entrepreneur. He started the Croatian car company Rimac Automobili in 2009.

paragraphs: As a child, he dreamed of building the fastest car. He said that he wanted to bring automotive manufacturers to Croatia. Forbes Magazine named Rimac one of the ""Top 30 Under 30"." the list includes the 30 best entrepreneurs under the age of 30 in the world, in 2017. In the same year, Rimac became the Croatian Entrepreneur of the Year. In 2018, Mate Rimac received an honorary doctorate from Juraj Dobrila University of Pula.


title: Pennzoil 400 (Las Vegas)

paragraphs: The Pennzoil 400 is a Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series race. It is held every year at Las Vegas Motor Speedway in Las Vegas, Nevada, it is first of two races on the Cup Schedule. (The other one is the South Point 400 in the NASCAR playoffs,) The first Pennzoil 400 race was in 1998.

paragraphs: The winners receive a championship belt instead of a trophy. The race was part of the No Bull 5 challenge from 1999 to 2002.

paragraphs: Since this race started, it has had different sponsors. Each sponsor changed the name of the race.


title: Dennis Nilsen

paragraphs: Dennis Andrew Nilsen (23 November 1945 – 12 May 2018) was a British serial killer and necrophile. He murdered at least 15 young men in a series of killings committed between 1978 and 1983 in London, England. He was convicted of six counts of murder and two of attempted murder at the Old Bailey, Nilsen was sentenced to life imprisonment on 4 November 1983, with a recommendation that he serve a minimum of 25 years. He was born in Fraserburgh, Aberdeenshire.

paragraphs: In his later years, he was incarcerated at HM Prison maximum security prison in Full Sutton in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. He died there on 12 May 2018 at the age of 72.


title: Kevin Tierney

paragraphs: Kevin Tierney (August 27, 1950 – May 12, 2018) was an Irish-Canadian movie producer and screenwriter. He co-wrote and produced the most popular Canadian movies at the Canadian box-office, "Bon Cop, Bad Cop", for which he earned a Genie Award for Best Motion Picture in 2007. He was a former Vice-Chair of the Academy of Canadian Cinema & Television and former Chair of the Board of Cinémathèque québécoise’s Board of Directors.

paragraphs: Tierney has also produced other titles including "Varian's War", "One Dead Indian", "Good Neighbours" and "Twist".

paragraphs: Tierney died in Montreal, Quebec on May 12, 2018 of cancer at the age of 67.


title: Maria Lourdes Sereno

paragraphs: Maria Lourdes Aranal Sereno (born Maria Lourdes Punzalan Aranal; July 2, 1960) is a Filipino lawyer and judge. She was the "de facto" Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines from 2012 until her removal from office on May 11, 2018.

paragraphs: Sereno was removed from office by way of "quo warranto" by Supreme Court in an 8–6 decision, removing her appointment as Chief Justice in 2012 null and void. Her removal was controversial because it was carried out by the Supreme Court, which some said was not in accordance with the constitution.


title: Bluefield, West Virginia

paragraphs: Bluefield is a city in Mercer County, West Virginia, United States. The population was 10,447 at the 2010 census. Bluefield is located at (37.262219, -81.218674) in the Appalachian Mountains of West Virginia across the state border from Bluefield, Virginia.


title: Come Home to Mama

paragraphs: Come Home to Mama is the third album by Martha Wainwright. It was released on October 15, 2012.


paragraphs: I Know You're Married But I've Got Feelings Too is the second album by Martha Wainwright. It was first released in Australia on May 10, 2008.

paragraphs: All songs were written by Wainwright, except where noted.


title: We Are Born

paragraphs: We Are Born is the fifth studio album by Sia Furler. It was released on June 18, 2010. The album was produced by Greg Kurstin.

paragraphs: All tracks were produced by Greg Kurstin.


title: Some People Have Real Problems

paragraphs: Some People Have Real Problems is the fourth studio album by Australian singer Sia Furler. It was released in 2008.


title: Slender Man stabbing

paragraphs: On May 31, 2014, in Waukesha, Wisconsin, 12-year-olds Anissa Weier and Morgan Geyser stabbed their friend Payton Leutner. They tried to kill her in the woods to impress the internet character Slenderman, so that way he wouldn't kill their families and allow them to become his servants. She survived, and was found by a cyclist.

paragraphs: Weier was sentenced to up to 25 years in a mental hospital, and Geyser was sentenced to up to 40.


title: Kasamh Se

paragraphs: Kasamh Se is an Indian television soap opera. Produced by Ekta Kapoor of Balaji Telefilms wich aired on Zee TV. From 16 January 2006 through 12 March 2009 on Monday through Friday.

paragraphs: The story is about three Sisters. Bani, Pia and Rano.


title: Randalummoodu

paragraphs: Randalummoodu is a village situated near Kottarakkara in Kollam district, Kerala state, India.

paragraphs: Randalummoodu is a part of Pathanapuram assembly constituency in Mavelikkara (Lok Sabha constituency). Shri. K. B. Ganesh Kumar is the current MLA of Pathanpuram. Shri. Kodikkunnil Suresh is the current member of parliament of Mavelikkara.

paragraphs: Randalummoodu is a small village in Thalavoor panchayats. Randalummodu is junction in Pathanapuram-Kottarakkara (via Kura) road. It connects places Kura, etc. Randalummoodu junction is a main part of Randalummodu.


title: Panaveli

paragraphs: Panaveli is a small village in Kollam district, Kerala state, India.

paragraphs: Panaveli is a part of Kottarakkara assembly constituency in Mavelikkara (Lok Sabha constituency). Smt. Aisha Potty is the current MLA of Kottarakkara. Shri. Kodikunnil Suresh is the current member of parliament of Mavelikkara. Panavei is a part of Vettikkavala panchayat and part of Vettikkavala Block Panchayat. CPM, INC, CPI, BJP, KC(B) etc are the major political parties.

paragraphs: Panaveli is a small village near Kottarakkara.


title: Vilakkuvettom

paragraphs: Vilakkuvettom is a village situated near Punalur in Kollam district, Kerala state, India.

paragraphs: Vilakkuvettom is a part of Punalur assembly constituency in Kollam (Lok Sabha constituency). INC, CPM, CPI, BJP etc are the major political parties.

paragraphs: Malayalam is the native language of Vilakkuvettom.


title: Kandachira

paragraphs: Kandachira is a village situated near Kollam in Kollam district, Kerala state, India.

paragraphs: Manchallor is a part of Eravipuram assembly constituency in Kollam (Lok Sabha constituency). Shri. M. Noushad is the current MLA of Eravipuram. Shri.N.K. Premachandran is the current member of parliament of Kollam.

paragraphs: Kandachira is a village in Panayam panchayat in Kollam district. It is situated in Kandachiramudi of Ashtamudi Lake. Kandachira is in the south of Panayam panchayat. The bridge in this place connects places Kandachira, Kilikollur, Chathinamkulam etc. Kandachira bridge is a main landmark of Kandachira.

paragraphs: Perinad is the nearest railway station of Kandachira. The railway line to Kollam is passes through Kandachira.


title: Kannanalloor

paragraphs: Kannanalloor is a village situated in Mukhathala block panchayat in Kollam district, Kerala state, India.

paragraphs: Kannanalloor is a part of Kundara assembly constituency in Kollam (Lok Sabha constituency). Shri. J. Mercykutty Amma is the current MLA of Kundara. Shri.N. K. Premachandran is the current member of parliament of Kollam. CPM, INC, RSP, etc are the major political parties.

paragraphs: Kannanalloor is a small village in Thazhuthala panchayat. It is 13 km from Kollam, 2 km from Mukhathala and 62 km from Thiruvananthapuram. Kannanalloor is a border of Thiruvananthapuram-Kollam districts. It connects places Mylakad, Nedumpana, Kottiyam, Palathara, Adichanalloor, etc.

paragraphs: Malayalam is the native language of Kannanalloor.


title: Neduvannoor

paragraphs: Neduvannoor is a village situated near Pathanapuram in Kollam district, Kerala state, India.

paragraphs: Neduvannoor is a part of Pathanapuram assembly constituency in Mavelikkara (Lok Sabha constituency). Shri. K. B. Ganesh Kumar is the current MLA of Pathanpuram. Shri.Kodikkunnil Suresh is the current member of parliament of Mavelikkara. INC, CPM, BJP etc are the major political parties.

paragraphs: Neduvannoor is a small village in Thalavoor panchayats. Neduvannoor is a junction in Pathanapuram-Kottarakkara road. It connects places Avaneeswaram, etc. Neduvannoor (Avaneeswaram) bridge is a main landmark of Manchalloor.

paragraphs: Malayalam is the native language of Neduvannoor.


title: Pathanapuram Block Panchayat

paragraphs: Pathanapuram Block Panchayat is a Block Panchayat in Kollam district, Kerala state, India. The headquarters of this block panchayat is situated in Pidavoor, Pathanapuram.

paragraphs: There are six Grama Panchayats in Pathanapuram Block Panchayat:

paragraphs: Pathanapuram block panchayat office location


title: Umayanalloor

paragraphs: Umayanalloor is a village in Kollam district, Kerala state, India. It is located near Mayyanad.

paragraphs: Umayanalloor is a part of Eravipuram assembly constituency in Kollam. Shri. M. Noushad is the MLA of Eravipuram. Shri.N. K. Premachandran is the member of parliament of Kollam.

paragraphs: Umayanalloor is a village Mayyanad panchayat. Umayanalloor is a junction in the Kollam-Thiruvananthapuram road (part of NH-47). It connects places Kottiyam, etc.

paragraphs: Malayalam is the native language of Umayanalloor.

paragraphs: There are many educational institutions in Umayanalloor. There is an LP School in Vazhappalli. An un-aided LP school namely Rose Dail, AKMHS, B.Ed college, Cherupushpam LPS, PVUPS, Eega study centre, etc are some of the educational institutions in Umayanalloor.

paragraphs: Rice and milk-production are the main farming sectors here. Cashew nut production is also seen here.

paragraphs: Branches of Umayanallor Service Co-operation Bank, Federal Bank, Muthoot Finance, etc are in Umayanalloor.

paragraphs: There are many cashew nut factories in Umayanalloor. Umayanalloor Industrial Estate is an industrial park. There are also some ice cream factories here.

paragraphs: There are many worship centres in Umayanalloor. BalasubramanyaSwami Temple, Umayanalloor, Durgapuri Sree Madankovil Temple, Pannimon, Umayanalloor Masjid, Amalothbhava Matha Church, etc are some of them.


title: Alappad

paragraphs: Alappad is a coastal village in the Kollam district, Kerala, India. It is small land between the Arabian Sea and the TS Canal.

paragraphs: Alappad village is a ward of the Alappad panchayat consists of various wards/places such as Srayikkadu, Azheekkal, Kuzhithura, Parayakadavu, Cheriazheekkal, Pandarathuruthu.

paragraphs: Portions of the village were damaged during the 2004 tsunami. Many people died. After the tragedy, the state government realized the need for more bridges, and constructed one bridge at northern Azheekal, and another one at Cheriyazhekkal.

paragraphs: Temples act as places of worship, and temple committees play a crucial role in temple administration and festivals which play important role in social life.

paragraphs: Mata Amritanandamayi, renowned Hindu Sanyasin, spiritual leader and philanthropist was born in Parayakadavu. Mata Amritanandamayi Math is in Parayakadavu.


title: Ochira

paragraphs: Oachira is a town in Karunagappally taluk, Kollam district in Kerala, India.

paragraphs: Oachira is one of the famous holy places of Kerala and in India. Oachira is on the border of Kollam District and Allappuzha District.

paragraphs: The famous temple of Para Brahmam (OMkaram) is located here.

paragraphs: The major annual festivals are "Oachira Kali" or "Oachirakali" and the twelve-day Panthrandu Vilakku , which is held in November/December. Oachira Kali is celebrated in commemoration of the battle of Kayamkulam, fought between Marthanda Varma, the Maharaja of Travancore and the Raja of Kayamkulam. It is a mock fight enacted between groups of men dressed as warriors on the "padanilam" (battlefield).

paragraphs: Yet another festival celebrated in Oachira Temple is the "Irupathiyettam Onam" (Thiruvonum in the month of Kanni). It is considered the Onam of cows and bulls and is celebrated on Thiruvonam. These concepts are related to "Shiva Vahana".

paragraphs: Eminent cartoonist Shankar hails from near Oachira. The government of Kerala paid a tribute to him, in the form of a museum in memory of the country’s best known and most revered political cartoonist,near his birthplace Oachira. Kerala Lalithakala Akademi was behind the ambitious projec,which costs an estimated initial cost of Rs. 3. 5 crore which spreads over 15,000 sq.ft. of land.

paragraphs: To reach Oachira, by air, the nearest airports are Trivandrum International Airport and Cochin International Airport. By rail,Oachira and Kayamkulam Jn. is nearest station

paragraphs: RVSM Higher Secondary School, situated at Prayar is the oldest and biggest educational institution in Oachira. Oachira Govt. Higher Secondary School is another famous educational institution. PRAGATHI Hindi Vidyalay is a famous Hindi college


title: THKO

paragraphs: People's Liberation Army of Turkey (THKO) was an armed underground far-left movement in Turkey. It was founded at the Middle East Technical University in Ankara, Turkey in 1970 by six people: Hüseyin İnan, Yusuf Aslan, Sinan Cemgil, Deniz Gezmiş, Taylan Özgur and Cihan Alptekin.

paragraphs: THKO thought it was impossible to struggle for independence and democracy within the present Turkish legal framework. They planned peaceful methods of struggle in Turkey. The organization struggled for what they called a "National Democratic Revolution". One of the main goals was to "rid Turkey of all things American".

paragraphs: THKO was shut down in 6 May 1972. The founders were executed. The execution was accepted by 273 votes to 48 votes out of 450 total votes in the parliament.


title: Damietta

paragraphs: Damietta is a city at the estuary of the Nile, in Egypt. Its name in Arabic is transilterated as Domyat (دمياط).It is an important port, about from the Mediterranean. It is the capial of the Damietta governorate. In 2018, over 300.000 people lived in the city. In modern times, the Nile Delta is made of two branches, which start in Cairo. the Rosetta branch to the west, and the Damietta branch to the east.


title: Jim Ratcliffe

paragraphs: Jim Ratcliffe (James Arthur Ratcliffe, born 18 October 1952) is at present the richest man in

paragraphs: the UK. He is the son of a joiner (a type of carpenter).

paragraphs: The British billionaire is a chemical engineer who became a financier and industrialist. Ratcliffe founded the Ineos chemicals group in 1998, which now has an annual turnover of $44 billion. He is its chairman and chief executive officer. Ratcliffe still owns two-thirds of the company.

paragraphs: This is the first time since 2003 that a British-born person has topped the Sunday Times Rich List. In 2003 the former Duke of Westminster had topped the list.


title: Sooranad

paragraphs: The village is part of Kunnathur Taluk, which lies in Kerala's Kollam District and sits on the border of the Kollam, Pathanamthitta and Allappuzha Districts. Sooranad North and Sooranad South are collectively known as Sooranad and have their own local panchayats. Sooranad North covers an area of and is from Sasthamcotta, from Kollam, from the state capital Thiruvananthapuram and from Karunagappalli, which is the nearest city. Sooranad North's Pin Code is 690561.

paragraphs: The main occupations are cashew nut processing, manufacture tiles and burnt bricks. Nowadays many people in Sooranad have set up their own shops.Some came back to the agricultural field while many left.

paragraphs: Government High School of Sooranadu, Santhinikethan Model High School, R.K.U.P.S., Govt.L.P.S anayadi, T.D.B Central School, Chakkuvally Government School, GHSS Sooranad.

paragraphs: The Sooranad gramodhaarana service co-operative bank is the major bank in this region.

paragraphs: Padmasri Dr. Sooranad Kunjan Pillai, Barrister N. Padmanabha pillai, Sri.Gopi Anayadi, Late Vaiankara Madhusoodanan, Nelson Sooranad are some of the famous people in this region.

paragraphs: A tributary of the Kallada River flows through this village as well as the Pallikkal River. There are many markets in Sooranad such as Kannamath chandha, Vayyankara chantha, and Parakkadavu chantha.

paragraphs: There are many temples in Sooranad including Kumaranchira temple, Komalavalleeswaram temple, Anayadi narasimha moorthy temple, Azhakiyakavu sree kurumba kaalli devi temple, Puthiyakavu Temple, kalarivathukkal temple, Sree narayana puram temple and Puthiyidam Krishnaswami temple, Kunniradathu malanada and Ponal Kalari Shree Bhuvaneswari Temple. Anayadi narasimhamoorthi temple and anayadi puthiyidam krishnaswamitemple and only Shanideva temple of Kerala is situated in Sooranad North from a little bit distance from the Sooranad Rakthasakshi Mandapam.


title: Mynagappally

paragraphs: Mynagappally is a village in Kollam district, Kerala, India.

paragraphs: The village is under the leadership of LDF Party. The Mynagappally Panchayath President is Smt P K Jayalekshmi. The Vice President is Sri.Reghunathan pillai

paragraphs: Sasthamcotta railway station is in this village.

paragraphs: The major jobs are regarding to cashew factories, brick manufacturing, tile manufacturing, coir industry and matchbox industry.


title: Kafr Saad

paragraphs: Kafr Saad () is a city in Damietta Governorate in Egypt. It is in the North East of the Nile Delta.


title: Sasthamkotta

paragraphs: Sasthamkotta is a village in the Kunnathoor, Kollam district, Kerala, India. Kunnathoor taluk headquarters is located at Sasthamkotta. Sasthamkotta Lake is the largest fresh water lake in Kerala.

paragraphs: The place is naturally beautiful and is surrounded by hills and valleys. The major feature of this region is the fresh water lake.

paragraphs: One of the features of Sasthamcotta temple is the many monkeys that camp around. Because of that Sasthamcotta is famous for Monkeys.

paragraphs: Sasthamkotta railway station is the major train station here.


title: Poruvazhy

paragraphs: Poruvazhy is a village in Kollam district, Kerala, India.

paragraphs: The Poruvazhy Peruviruthy Malanada Temple is in this village.

paragraphs: India census, Poruvazhy had a population of 27,689 with 13,466 males and 14,223 females.


title: Kunnathur (Kerala)

paragraphs: Kunnathur is a village in Kollam district in, Kerala, India. The capital of Kunnathur taluk is Nediyavila. Kunnathur is the smallest taluk in Kerala.

paragraphs: Kunnathur consists of the regions of Nediyavila, Manampuzha, Puthanambalam, Iverkala, Panamthoppu, Ezhammile, Thuruthikkara, Muthupilakadu, Bharanicavu, Patharam, Chakkuvally, Sasthamcotta, Anjilmood, Ics, Mynagappally, Venga,Kovoor, Vilanthra,

paragraphs: Karalimukk, Kangattu, Kadapuzha Bridge, and Chittumala, etc.

paragraphs: Kunnathur has several Hindu temples like Nediyavila Devi temple, Kokkamkavu Durga Devi temple, Puthanambalam Devi temple, Thalappil Devi temple, Karimpinpuzha Shiva temple and Malanada [duriyodhana] temple. There are also churches like Emmanuel Marthoma church Thuruthikkara, St.George Orthodox Church Thottathumuri, etc. in Kunnathur

paragraphs: Changanacherry Smaraka Grandhasala in Iverkala was the first library to open in Kunnathur.


title: West Kallada

paragraphs: India census, West Kallada had a population of 17,958 with 8,705 males and 9,253 females.

paragraphs: Kallada St Marys Orthodox Valiyapally. The Tomb of Mar Adrew is in this church.So the Church called as Mar Adrew Pilgrim Church.

paragraphs: Thiruvatta Temple (Malayalam: തിരുവാറ്റ ശ്രീ മഹാദേവർ ക്ഷേത്രം ) is an ancient Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva at Westkallada


title: Bruno Tomberg

paragraphs: Bruno Tomberg (born 29 March 1925, Pärnu) is an Estonian interior architect, designer, one of the foundation-layers of Estonian design education, and a Professor Emeritus at the Estonian Academy of Arts (EAA).

paragraphs: Bruno Tomberg was born in Pärnu, but in the year 1929 he moved to Tallinn with his family. There he graduated secondary school in 1944, after which he started to attempt architecture studies at Tallinn Polytehnic Institute, these studies remained short-temp. He commenced studies in autumn of 1945 at Tallinn State Institute of Applied Arts in the specialty of spatial and furniture design. Looking back, he has confirmed that the teachings of two great men - Kuusik and Velbri - were a very efficient mis in acquiring professional skills. Tomberg's teaching career at the institute began in 1949, ,when Kuusik trusted him the position of an assistant at the Chair and his primary task were to supervise project graphics. Later he also helped with general composition lectures and practical trainings. In 1950 Tomberg graduated from the department as interior architect (Photograph from the graduation). His participation in teaching decreased for a while, when the Chair of Spatial and Furniture Design was temporarily closed. Thereafter he worked for eight years at the design studio of the ARS art manufacture, mainly designing various interiors. After the restoration of the Spatial Design Chair in 1964 he returned to teaching position and mostly supervised diploma theses. All together he has supervised 62 theses.

paragraphs: The curriculum was updated and, along with artistic expression, the studies started to focus on functionality and steadfast logic related to the floorplans. Based on the tastes of the era, the Nordic countries, which were appealing for their crispness, awareness of materials and practicality, set the example. If we examine the student projects, we see that the graduates from the 1960s and 1970s represent the most daring, and extremely professional approach, that is, the projects that were completed while Tomberg, Tamm, Asi and Pärtelpoeg were on the faculty.

paragraphs: The talented and intelligent Bruno Tomberg was was first seen as Kuusik and Velbri’s successor; however, he started to be strongly attracted to design, and in 1966, established the respective department.

paragraphs: In 1966 Bruno Tomberg put together the Design Chair at the art institute. The first students of industrial art began their studies in the autumn of 1966, under the aegis of the Department of Interior and Furniture Design, using their facilities, resources and to some extent even their professors. Structurally, they were part of the Faculty of Architecture.

paragraphs: This discipline did not appear out of nowhere and without necessary preparations. According to Bruno Tomberg’s memories, re received a proposition to assume leadership of the new subject from Vice Rector Peeter Tarvas. At the end of 1950s, the need for the training of specialists was beginning to be appreciated in both Estonia and different centres of the Soviet Union.

paragraphs: The basis for and centre of the design curriculum was the architectonics programme developed by Tomberg, which proceeded from line and surface to three-dimentional structures. This was inspired by 20th-century modernism. The assignments grew more complex over time, starting with a simple everyday object and progressing to complete environments.

paragraphs: In 1970, Tomberg emphasised: ‘’The Institude considers it neccessary to supply thr young artists of this discipline with maximum fantasy, to proceed from the assumption that nothing will limit the execution of their designs.’’

paragraphs: In 1982, Bruno Tomberg resigned his position as the head of the Department of Industrial Art and Associate Professor Udo Ivask took over. In 1988-1993 Tomberg was the Head of the Design Department. He ihas been a professor since 1979.

paragraphs: Tomberg alway thought about design from the social aspect. Soon, the idea of social design started to emerge along with global problems, such as pollution, the gap between the developed and the Thind World, and Tomberg’s leading principle: ‘’ethical credo’’. From the beginning, the students of design were filled with discontent of the status quo, a need to intervene, in belief in themselves and the knowledge that design could assist in solving social problems. Tomberg’s passionate speeches did not leave anyone indifferent: the issues he raised and example he provided were etched into memory. His main ideas became more and more pronounced: ‘’Now that we have gotten to know design better with the students, I can see only one possible programme for the department: movement towards design supplemented by the moral, social and political responsibility that working in this discpiline demants from the author.’’

paragraphs: The primary example among design schools was Bauhaus: both the teaching system and the ideas represented by this school caught interest.

paragraphs: Bruno Tomberg’s phenomenon, at least in teaching, was based on his personal charisma: even though the unrealistic nature of his ideas was sense, the seriousness of his views was clear. The reputation of the department of design and high self-esteem of the design students, was strongly based on the passion and broad view that Tomberg represented. Although his writings are not particularly consistent theoretically, they still have a clear social message.

paragraphs: Exhibition activity was also an important part of the development of the department of design. In parallel with the formation of the speciality at ERKI, the the first three Space and Form exhibitions took place, which were curated by Tomberg, among others

paragraphs: Sicnce 1955 Bruno Tomberg is married to textile designer Mall Tomberg.


title: Egyptian Navy

paragraphs: The Egyptian Navy is a branch of the Egyptian Armed Forces. It is the largest navy in the Middle East and Africa. It is also the sixth largest navy in the world by the number of vessels. The navy aims to protect more than 2,000 kilometers of coastline. Its main mission is to support army operations. In 1989, the Egyptian Navy had 18,000 personnel and also 2,000 personnel in the Coast Guard.


title: Andrew Upton

paragraphs: Andrew Upton (born 1 February 1966) is an Australian playwright, screenwriter, and director. He is the husband of the two-time Academy Award winner actress Cate Blanchett.

paragraphs: As a playwright, Upton created adaptations of "Hedda Gabler", "The Cherry Orchard", "Cyrano de Bergerac", "Don Juan" (with Marion Potts), "Uncle Vanya", "The Maids", "Children of the Sun" and "Platonov" for the Sydney Theatre Company (STC) and Maxim Gorky's "The Philistines" for London's Royal National Theatre.

paragraphs: Upton and Cate Blanchett met in 1996 on the set of a TV show, and were married on 29 December 1997. They have four children: biological sons Dashiell John (born 3 December 2001), Roman Robert (born 23 April 2004), Ignatius Martin (born 13 April 2008), and adopted daughter Edith Vivian Patricia, whose adoption was confirmed on 6 March 2015.

paragraphs: They lived in Hunters Hill, New South Wales, Australia, for many years.

paragraphs: Following the sale of their property there in late 2015, Upton and Blanchett purchased in early 2016 a historic $6.25 million English manor, Highwell House, in Crowborough, East Sussex, England.

paragraphs: "Variety" has reported that around the same time the couple also purchased a modern-minded five-bedroom duplex apartment in downtown Sydney once owned by satirist Barry Humphries, and purchased from "The Celebrity Apprentice Australia" host Mark Bouris for an amount "somewhere in the neighborhood of $8 million".


title: Netta Barzilai

paragraphs: Netta Barzilai (; born 22 January 1993), sometimes known as simply Netta, is an Israeli singer and artist.

paragraphs: On 12 May 2018, she won the Eurovision Song Contest 2018 in Lisbon, Portugal, with her song "Toy", making it Israel's fourth win in the Eurovision Song contest (after 1978, 1979 and 1998).

paragraphs: Barzilai served in the Israeli Navy and lives in Tel Aviv.


title: Donald Gary Young

paragraphs: Donald Gary Young (July 11, 1949 – May 12, 2018) was an American businessman. He was the founder, president and former CEO of Young Living, a Utah-based multi-level marketing company that offers essential oils and other alternative medicine products.

paragraphs: Young died on May 12, 2018 in Salt Lake City due to complications from multiple strokes at the age of 68.


title: Edgardo Angara

paragraphs: Edgardo Javier Angara (September 24, 1934 – May 13, 2018) was a Filipino politician and lawyer. He served as the President of the Senate of the Philippines from 1993 to 1995. He was a Senator from 1987 to 1998 and then served as Secretary of Agriculture from 1999 to 2001. He served in the Senate again from 2001 to 2013. He ran for President of the Philippines in 1998.

paragraphs: On May 17, 2017, President Rodrigo Duterte appointed Angara as the special envoy of the Philippines to the European Union.

paragraphs: Angara died on May 13, 2018 in Tagaytay, Philippines of a heart attack at the age of 83.


title: Baadur Tsuladze

paragraphs: Baadur Tsuladze ( 5 March, 1935 – 13 May 2018) was a Georgian actor, movie director, screenwriter and broadcaster. He was an Honored Artist of the Georgian SSR (1979).

paragraphs: In acting, Tsuladze was known for his role as Archill in "Falling Leaves" (1966). In directing, he was known for his 1975 movie "Waltz on Mtatsminda" and wrote the screenplay for "For those who like to solve puzzles" (1982).

paragraphs: Tsuladze died on 13 May 2018 in Tbilisi at the age of 83.


title: Pattazhy

paragraphs: Pattazhy, also Pattazhi is a village in Pathanapuram taluk, Kollam district, Kerala, India.

paragraphs: The name Pattazhy has an uncertain etymology. Pattazhy may stem from an imperfect Malayalam portmanteau fusing Patt ("Soft") and Aazhy ("Ocean"). Thus the word Pattazhy represents the compassion and affection of Pattazhy Devi to her beloved devotees and depth of her grace. The name Pattazhy may have also derived from the word "Bhattarika" which means a virtuous and pious woman.

paragraphs: The annual festival at Pattazhy Devi Temple is one of the famous temple festivals in central Travancore.The Kumbhathiruvathira and Meenathiruvathira were the famous festivals of Pattazhy. The festival is known for Kambam (fire works), Aalpindi Vilakku Ezhunnallathu (Procession of small structure made out of plantain kernel and germinating leaves of coconut tree with numerous lamps on it), Ponnin Thirumudi (Devi's idol carved out of pure gold and rare precious stones) Ezhunnallathu. Pattazhy also got a place in the Guinness Book of world records for the 'Longest bamboo'.


title: Pattazhy Vadakkekkara

paragraphs: Pattazhy Vadakkekara is a village in Kollam district, Kerala, India. It is separated from Pattazhi by the Kallada River.

paragraphs: India census, Pattazhy Vadakkekara had a population of 14775 with 7020 males and 7755 females.


title: Cuckoo bee

paragraphs: Cuckoo bees lay their eggs in the nests of other bees, rather like cuckoo birds. They are kleptoparasites, a term which means parasitism by theft. In this case the theft is of food stored for the host adults and larvae.

paragraphs: Females of cuckoo bees lack the special long hairs which collect pollen. Also, they do not make their own nests. They often have reduced body hair, thick exoskeleton, and saber-like mandibles.

paragraphs: They enter the nests of pollen-collecting species, and lay their eggs in cells made by the host bee. When the cuckoo bee larva hatches it eats the host larva's pollen ball and, if the female has not already done so, kills and eats the host larva. In a few cases the invading female stays in the host nest and lays many eggs. Sometimes it kills the host queen and replaces her. Species like that are often called 'social parasites'. Some are referred to as 'brood parasites'. There is a whole subfamily of bees which do this, the Nomadinae (nomad bees).

paragraphs: The behaviour has evolved many times in bees. 16 times parasitism of social species has evolved (mostly in the family Apidae), and there are 31 lineages which parasitize solitary bees. Altogether there are several thousand species of kleptoparasites, a large proportion of overall bee diversity.


title: Lubec

paragraphs: Lubec ( ) is a town in Washington County in the state of Maine, United States.


title: Canaan (Maine)

paragraphs: Canaan is a town of Somerset County in the state of Maine, United States. The population was 2,275 at the 2010 census.


title: Eurovision Song Contest 2019

paragraphs: The Eurovision Song Contest 2019 was the 64th edition of the Eurovision Song Contest and took place in Israel's capital Tel Aviv, after Netta won for her country in Lisbon, Portugal last year.

paragraphs: Duncan Laurence from the Netherlands won the contest.

paragraphs: The contest happened in Expo Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel. The venue holds 7,300 people.

paragraphs: The first semi-final happened on 14 May 2019 at 22:00 IDT (21:00 CEST). Seventeen countries participated in the first semi-final. Those countries plus France, Israel and Spain voted in this semi-final.

paragraphs: The highlighted countries qualified for the final.

paragraphs: The second semi-final happened on 16 May 2019 at 22:00 IDT (21:00 CEST). Eighteen countries participated in the second semi-final. Those countries plus

paragraphs: Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom voted in this semi-final.

paragraphs: The final happened on 18 May 2019 at 22:00 IDT (21:00 CEST). Twenty-six countries participated in the final, with all 41 participating countries eligible to vote.


title: Ria Vedder-Wubben

paragraphs: Hendrika Cornelia Maria "Ria" Vedder-Wubben (20 May 1951 – 23 August 2016) was a Dutch politician. As a member of the Christian Democratic Appeal, she served in the Senate from 2003 to 2011. In the Senate, she was concerned with pensions and tax law.

paragraphs: Vedder-Wubben died on 23 August 2016 in The Hague at the age of 65.


title: Millennium Island

paragraphs: Caroline Island, or Caroline atoll, is an atoll, in the Pacific Ocean that is part of Kiribati. It is the easternomost atoll of Kiribati. The atoll is part of the Southern Line Islands. In total, the atoll consists of 39 islets(motus), which cover a surface (landmass) of about . The atoll covers an area of about

paragraphs: It was first sighted by Europeans in 1606, it was claimed by the United Kingdom in 1868. It has been part of the Republic of Kiribati since the island nation's independence in 1979. Caroline Island has remained relatively untouched and is considered one of the world's most pristine tropical islands, despite guano mining, copra harvesting, and human habitation in the 19th and 20th centuries. It is home to one of the world's largest populations of the coconut crab and is an important breeding site for seabirds, most notably the sooty tern.

paragraphs: The atoll is currently designated as a wildlife sanctuary. In 2014 the Kiribati government established a 12-nautical-mile fishing exclusion zone around each of the southern Line Islands (Caroline (commonly called Millennium), Flint, Vostok, Malden, and Starbuck). Both Flint and wostok are about to the west. Papeete, Thahiti is about to the south.

paragraphs: It extends about from north to south, and about from east to west. The toal lanmass is just . The coral reef extends about out. The lagoon is very shallow, and normal boats usually cannot enter. At high tide, it is possible to reach a beach with a boat. At low tide, a walk of about in waist-deep water is required.

paragraphs: In the north and in the south, there are bigger islands. The one in the north is called Nake Island, the one in the south is called South Islands. Both have freshwater sources. There are aquifers on both.

paragraphs: In 1994, Kiribati changed the International date line, so that all of Kriibati would have the same date. This meant that Caroline atoll would be the first landmass on earth with the new date. Frr the year-2000 celebrations, the atoll was renamed Milennium island. Other names in the past have included "Hirst Island", "Clark Island" "and Independence Island".

paragraphs: The island is an importan breeding place for bird. The only known mammal on the atoll is a rat.


title: Winglet

paragraphs: A winglet is an invention that makes aircraft use less fuel (gas). It does this by reducing induced drag.


title: Inigo Jones

paragraphs: Inigo Jones (15 July 1573 – 21 June 1652) was a famous English architect in the early modern period. He was the first person to introduce the architecture of Ancient Rome and the Italian Renaissance to Britain. His buildings were the first in Britain to employ Vitruvian rules of proportion and symmetry. He also made a major contribution as a theatre designer. He designed the scenery and costumes for many masques (a kind of early opera).

paragraphs: Jones was born in the Smithfield district of London. His father, also called Inigo Jones, was a cloth worker from Wales. As a very young man, he as an apprentice carpenter at St Paul's Cathedral. Some time before 1603 a rich patron (possibly the Earl of Pembroke or the Earl of Rutland) sent him to Italy to study drawing. After Italy he travelled to Denmark where he worked for King Christian V on the designs for the king's Rosenborg and Frederiksborg palaces. When he returned to England he began work as a theatre designer and architect. In September 1615, King Charles I appointed Jones as the Surveyor-General of the King's Works. From 1629 to 1635 he worked for buildings in Covent Garden.

paragraphs: Jones's career as a full-time architect ended with the outbreak of the English Civil War in 1642. The Parliament of England seized all of the King's houses in 1643. In his later years Jones lived in Somerset House in central London. He died there on 21 June 1652. He was buried with his parents at the Church of St Benet. St Benet's was the Welsh church of the City of London.


title: Catatumbo River

paragraphs: Catatumbo River is a river that flows through Colombia and Venezuela. It is about long, and flows into Lake Maracaibo.


title: Vilakkudy

paragraphs: Vilakkudy is a village in Kollam district, Kerala, India.

paragraphs: At the 2001 India census, Vilakkudy had a population of 32,677 with 15,773 males and 16,904 females.