title: John Brophy

paragraphs: John Brophy (January 20, 1933 – May 23, 2016) was a Canadian ice hockey coach and former hockey player. He was born and raised in Antigonish, Nova Scotia.

paragraphs: Brophy has spent most of his career in minor professional leagues, including 18 years as a player in the Eastern Hockey League and 13 seasons as a coach in the East Coast Hockey League. From 1986 to 1988, he was head coach of the Toronto Maple Leafs of the National Hockey League.

paragraphs: Brophy died in his sleep at his home in Antigonish on the morning of May 23, 2016 from a long-illness, aged 83.


title: Aar de Goede

paragraphs: Arie "Aar" de Goede (21 May 1928 – 16 May 2016) was a Dutch politician. He was a member of the Democrats 66. He served in the House of Representatives (1967–1973), European Parliament (1979–1984) and Senate (1986–1987). As part of the executive he was State Secretary of Finance between 1973 and 1977.

paragraphs: De Goede died in Zoeterwoude on 16 May 2016, aged 87.


title: Suberin

paragraphs: Suberin is a waxy, waterproof substance which is found in plants. It blocks movement of water and solutes. It is in the walls of cork cells. Suberin is named after the cork oak, "Quercus suber".


title: Akhtar Mansour

paragraphs: Mullah Akhtar Mohammad Mansoor ( "Akhtar Muḥammad Manṣūr"; pronounced or ; born probably in 1968) was the Emir (leader) of the Taliban, an Islamic fundamentalist political movement in Afghanistan also known as the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (a recently created title).

paragraphs: On 21 May 2016, it was reported by a United States Department of Defense official that Mansour had been killed in a U.S. drone strike in Pakistan.


title: The Scream (1893)

paragraphs: The Scream is Edvard Munch's most famous painting. It is an example of modern art.

paragraphs: The picture shows an imaginary creature with its mouth and eyes open. It is screaming in fear.

paragraphs: Munch got the idea for the painting when he was walking with friends. It was sunset and the sky was red, like the color of blood. Munch heard a sound in his ears, like the sound of nature screaming.

paragraphs: The painting was made with oil, tempera and pastel on cardboard. The size of the painting is 91 x 73.5 cm (35 7/8 x 29"). The painting is in the Nasjonalgalleriet (National Gallery) in Oslo, Norway.

paragraphs: From 1893 to 1910, Munch made four paintings of “The Scream”. Three of the paintings are in Norwegian museums. The fourth painting has a private owner.

paragraphs: In 1994, thieves stole the painting from the Norwegian National Gallery. Three months later, the painting was found. The value of the painting is about $55 million.


title: Lamboing

paragraphs: Lamboing is a former municipality of the administrative district of Jura bernois in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

paragraphs: On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Lamboing, Diesse and Prêles merged into the new municipality of Plateau de Diesse.


title: Steffisburg

paragraphs: Steffisburg is a city in Thun in the canton of Berne in Switzerland. On 1 January 2020 the municipality Schwendibach became part of Steffisburg.


title: Hebron Old Jewish Cemetery

paragraphs: Hebron Jewish Cemetery is an ancient cemetery in Hebron. the cemetery was open in 1290 near the "Cave of the Patriarchs (Tel Rumeida of today)".


title: The Last Judgment (Toma din Suceava)

paragraphs: The Last Judgment is a fresco by Toma din Suceava at the Moldovita Monastery in Romania. The name of the work in Romanian is "Judecata de Apoi".

paragraphs: "The Last Judgment" covers the west wall of the monastery. It shows the day of judgment with a river of fire and the dead coming out of the sea. Prince Mohammed is one of the heretics. There are 105 paintings of angels near the roof.

paragraphs: The Moldovita Monastery also has famous frescos of the "Siege of Constantinople" and the "Tree of Jesse", showing Christ's genealogy.

paragraphs: The Moldovita Monastery is a UNESCO site. It was started in 1532 by Prince Petru Rares, the illegitimate son of Stephen the Great. It was built on the location of an old stone church built by Alexandru cel Bun (1400-1432). The old church fell in the early 16th century because of rain and landslides.

paragraphs: Petru Rares ruled Moldavia between 1527-1538 and 1541-1546. He had new ideas for the churches in Bukovina. Rares hired artists to cover the walls of the churches with complicated designs of saints, prophets, and scenes from the life of Jesus.

paragraphs: The best preserved monasteries are in Sucevita, Moldovita, Voronet, Humor, Suceava, Pătrăuţi, and Probota. Seven monasteries were put on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1993. The Moldovita Monastery was consecrated to the Annunciation (Romanian: "Bunei Vestiri") on March 25. It is one of five monasteries in northern Moldavia with frescoes painted on the outside walls.

paragraphs: The monastery is in the style of Moldavian Gothic architecture. It combines Gothic and Byzantine elements. It is a Romanian Orthodox monastery.

paragraphs: The Moldoviţa frescoes were completed by Toma of Suceava in 1537. Toma of Suceava's painting is in the Italian Renaissance style, with humanized characters.

paragraphs: The theme of death is a common subject for religious art, but the frescos in the monasteries in northern Moldavia are special. These frescos are more complex than art in other areas of the former Byzantine Empire. The Moldovan work was a model for Mount Athos.

paragraphs: The oldest image of the Last Judgment is from the seventh century CE. It is in the "Christian Topography" of Cosmas Indicopleustes. The manuscript is in the Vatican library. The first known frightening picture of the Judgment in fresco are from 1075. They are in the church "San Angelo in Formis" near Naples. The oldest mosaic with this theme is in Venice, in the church of Torcello. It is probably from the twelfth century.


title: Capellen (canton)

paragraphs: Capellen () is a canton in Luxembourg. Its capital is Capellen.

paragraphs: On 1 January 2012, the "communes" of Bascharage and Clemency were merged to make the new "commune" of Käerjeng.

paragraphs: With an area of , and a population (2017) of 47,209, the Capellen canton has a population density of inhabitants/km².

paragraphs: The canton has the Redange canton to the north, the Mersch canton to northeast, the Luxembourg canton to the east and the Esch-sur-Alzette canton to the south. The canton borders, to the west, the "arrondissement" of Arlon in Belgium.

paragraphs: The Capellen canton consists of the following 10 communes (2017 population).


title: Emergency medical services

paragraphs: Emergency medical services (EMS), also known as ambulance services or paramedic services, are agencies that deal with medical emergencies, mostly by sending ambulances to help people who are severely ill or injured. Their job is to treat those people at the scene and to take them to a hospital if needed. The staff of the ambulances are known most often as paramedics. Some ambulances have staff with more basic training, known as "emergency medical technicians", while others have doctors with advanced training.

paragraphs: The exact role of the emergency medical services varies by country. In some countries like the US and UK, their job is seen as bringing the patients to treatment. Until the 1970s, their ambulances carried patients to hospital and gave them little medical care. Since then, paramedics have been trained to give some medical care before they get to hospital. Other countries like France and Germany run them in a different way, where their job is seen as bringing treatment to the patients. In those countries, doctors work on ambulances and they try to treat patients at the scene rather than take them to hospital.

paragraphs: The type of organization that provides emergency medical services also varies by country. This may be:


title: Clervaux (canton)

paragraphs: Clervaux () is a canton in Luxembourg. Its capital is Clervaux.

paragraphs: With an area of , and a population (2017) of 17,631, the Clervaux canton has a population density of inhabitants/km².

paragraphs: It is bordered on the north by the "arrondissement" of Verviers in Belgium, to the east by the German district of Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm (part of the "Land" of Rhineland-Palatinate), to the southeast by the Vianden canton, to the south by the Diekirch canton, to the southwest by the Wiltz canton, and to the west by the "arrondissement" of Bastogne in Belgium.

paragraphs: The Clervaux canton has 5 communes (2017 population).


title: Adolf Born

paragraphs: Adolf Born (12 June 1930 – 22 May 2016) was a Czech painter, illustrator, caricaturist, animator and film-maker. He was known as a children's illustrator for most of his career. Born was a finalist for the biennial, international Hans Christian Andersen Award in 2008. The asteroid 17806 Adolfborn is named after him.

paragraphs: Born died on 22 May 2016 in Prague at the age of 85.


title: Lucjan Avgustini

paragraphs: Lucjan Avgustini (August 28, 1963 – May 22, 2016) was an Albanian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He was the Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Sapë.

paragraphs: Avgustini was born in Ferizaj, SFR Yugoslavia. Avgustini was a priest of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Prizren from 1989 to 2006. In 2006, he was made the Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Sapë in Albania.

paragraphs: Avgustini died on May 22, 2016 from a brain tumor in Vau i Dejës, Albania, aged 52.


title: Bata Živojinović

paragraphs: Velimir "Bata" Živojinović (Serbian Cyrillic: Велимир "Бата" Живојиновић; 5 June 1933 – 22 May 2016) was a Serbian actor and politician. His best known movie was "Valter brani Sarajevo". He become popular in China for his role in the movie. In 1990 he was elected for the Serbian Parliament, as a member of the Socialist Party of Serbia. He was a candidate in the September-October 2002 presidential election, receiving 3.27% of the popular vote.

paragraphs: Živojinović died on 22 May 2016 in Belgrade from complications of gangrene at the age of 82.


title: Veiled Christ

paragraphs: The Veiled Christ (Italian: "Cristo velato") is a statue made of marble. It was made by Giuseppe Sanmartino. It is in Cappella Sansevero, Naples.

paragraphs: The sculpture, made in 1753, is considered one of the world's masterpieces. Antonio Canova who once tried to acquire the work declared that he would willingly give up ten years of his own life to produce a similar masterpiece.

paragraphs: The order for the Veiled Christ was given to Antonio Corradini. However, he died a short time later.

paragraphs: Sanmartino took over the work. He decided to place the Christ figure on a couch, covered by a veil. It was to show the suffering that Christ has undergone.

paragraphs: At the sculpture's feet, finally, the artist also carves the instruments of his torture: the crown of thorns, pliers, and some shackles.

paragraphs: An analysis shows that the work is completely made in marble. A receipt of payment to Sanmartino dated 16 December 1752, signed by the prince, is preserved in the historical archive of the Bank of Naples. It states:


title: Ljubiša Samardžić

paragraphs: Ljubiša Samardžić (19 November 1936 – 8 September 2017) was a Serbian actor and director. He was best known as "Šurda" in the popular television series "Vruć vetar". He was a popular cinema actor in the Serbian movie industry. Samardžić was a member of the Central Committee of Yugoslav Communist Party in late 1980s.

paragraphs: Samardžić was born in Skopje, Kingdom of Yugoslavia.


title: Isaac Parker

paragraphs: Isaac Charles Parker (October 15, 1838 – November 17, 1896) was an American politician and jurist. He served as the United States Congressman for Missouri's 7th congressional district for two terms and presided over the United States District Court for the Western District of Arkansas for 21 years. He was known as the "Hanging Judge".

paragraphs: Parker died of complications due to Bright's disease in Fort Smith, aged 58.

paragraphs: In 21 years on the federal bench, Parker tried 13,490 cases; more than 8,500 defendants either pleaded guilty or were convicted at trial. He sentenced 160 people to death and 79 were executed; the others died while incarcerated, were acquitted, pardoned, or their sentences were commuted.


title: Clash of Clans

paragraphs: Clash of Clans is a freemium mobile strategy game made by the Finnish company Supercell. It was released to the App Store for iOS platforms on August 2, 2012 and to Google Play for Android on October 7, 2013.

paragraphs: "Clash of Clans" is a massively multiplayer online game where players train their troops and attack other players' towns to earn gold and elixir, the in-game currency. Gold and elixir can be used to build defenses for the player's town, make upgrades, and more. Also, players can join a group called a clan to help its members or to receive help from them.


title: Mario Almada

paragraphs: Mario Almada Otero (born January 7, 1922 – October 4, 2016) was a Mexican actor. His career has lasted for over 70 years. He has appeared in over 300 movies. He was most known for his roles in urban westerns and action movies.

paragraphs: Almada died in his sleep of natural causes in Mexico City, Mexico, aged 94.


title: Manuel Valdés

paragraphs: Manuel "El Loco" Valdés (29 January 1931 – 28 August 2020) was a Mexican actor and comedian. He was member of the Valdés family. He was the brother of Ramón Valdés (aka "Don Ramón"), from the sitcom "El Chavo", and Germán Valdés (aka "Tin Tan").

paragraphs: He was also the father of singer Cristian Castro and Marcos Valdés.

paragraphs: He was known for his roles in "La Carabina de Ambrosio", "La pulquería", "La leyenda de la Nahuala", "Caperucita y Pulgarcito contra los monstruos" and "Calabacitas tiernas". He was in three telenovelas: "Amy, la niña de la mochila azúl" (2004), "Entre el amor y el odio" (2002) and "Siempre te amaré" (2000).

paragraphs: Valdés died on 28 August 2020 from problems caused by pancreatic cancer in Mexico City, aged 89.


title: Pasir Ris

paragraphs: Pasir Ris is a place in the east of Singapore. It is near Changi. The Pasir Ris MRT Station is located here.


title: Acid–base reaction

paragraphs: An acid-base reaction is a chemical reaction between an acid and a base. The products of such a reaction are a salt and water.

paragraphs: The other ions remain constant because they are not affected by the reaction. They are called spectator ions.


title: Auswil

paragraphs: Auswil is a municipality in the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.


title: The Parish Church of St. Lawrence

paragraphs: The Parish Church of St. Lawrence in Radymno - a historic church which is situated in the Przemyśl archidiocese.

paragraphs: The church was built in the years 1724-1730 in the baroque style. The bishop Aleksander Antoni Fredro was the prime mover of this facture.By the church there is a belfry from the year 1729, an antique manse and a nuns' home. During the First World War St. Lawrence's church was vastly damaged nevertheless shortly after the war it was renovated After the Second World War the aim was to embellish the temple which is why, the front of the church and the belfry renovations. The temple's historic door was rebuild as well.

paragraphs: The interior has got 7 altars. Some of the altars are: St. Anna's altar, Jezus's Sacred Heart altar, St. Agnes's altar and St. Nicholas's altar. Inside the church there is a solid pulpit which has got a rich wood carving decoration. There is also the fontal source with figures of Jesus and John the Baptist. It comes from the first half of the XVIII century.


title: Ballmoos

paragraphs: Ballmoos is a former municipality of the district of Fraubrunnen in the canton of Berne in Switzerland. On 1 January 2010 the municipality of Ballmoos merged into the municipality of Jegenstorf.


title: Scion FR-S

paragraphs: The Scion FR-s is a sports car developed by Toyota and Subaru. It is built solely. It features a rear wheel drive drivetrain and 2+2 seating.

paragraphs: It is sold worldwide under three different brands with respective model names:


title: Great Seal

paragraphs: Great Seal might refer to the official seal of a political unit, such as:


title: Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond

paragraphs: Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond (11 June 1431 – 3 November 1456) was the father of Henry VII, who invaded England and became king of England in 1485. He was the son of Owen Tudor and his mistress or wife Catherine of Valois. He was also a half-brother to Henry VI.

paragraphs: He was married to Lady Margaret Beaufort when she was only 13 years of age. Edmund Tudor died while fighting for the Lancaster side in the Wars of the Roses.


title: Crow Nation

paragraphs: The Crow (also known as Apsáalooke in their own Siouan language, or Absaroka) are Native Americans. In the past, they lived in the Yellowstone River valley, which is in Wyoming, Montana, and North Dakota. Today, they are federally recognized as the Crow Tribe of Montana.

paragraphs: During their history, the Crow have changed their territory many times because of conflicts with the Ojibwe, Cree, Cheyennes, and Lakota (Sioux) peoples. They were generally friendly with the whites. Since the 19th century, most Crow people have lived on their reservation that is south of Billings, Montana. Although they have lost land, it is over 9300 km. They also live in several major western cities. The tribe's headquarters are located at Crow Agency, Montana.

paragraphs: The name Apsáalooke means "children of the large-beaked bird". The French translated the name as "gens du corbeaux" ("people of [the] crows"), and they became known in English as the Crow. Other tribes also refer to the Apsáalooke as "crow" or "raven" in their own languages.

paragraphs: In 1743 the Crow first encountered people of European descent. They were French fur traders.

paragraphs: The Crow and Hidatsa used to be the same tribe. They were nomadic hunters and farmers. The earliest known home of the Crow-Hidatsa tribe was in present-day Ohio. They were pushed out by stronger neighbors and moved to Manitoba. Later, they moved to North Dakota, where they split from the Hidatsa. The Crow were then pushed westward, mostly by the Cheyenne and Sioux.

paragraphs: To gain control of their new home in the Yellowstone River valley, they fought against the Shoshone and drove them westward. They were allied with some of the Kiowa and Kiowa Apache. The Crow were an important tribe in this area through the 18th and 19th centuries, the era of the North American fur trade.

paragraphs: After they started living in this area, the Crow divided into four groups: the Mountain Crow, River Crow, Kicked in the Bellies and Beaver Dries its Fur. They adopted the nomadic lifestyle of the Plains Indians, becoming gatherers and bison hunters.

paragraphs: Around 1740, the Plains tribes, including the Crow, started using horses. This allowed them to hunt buffalo more actively. The Crow became well-known horse breeders and dealers. Sometimes, their horses were stolen by tribes like the Blackfoot Confederacy, Gros Ventre, Assiniboine, Pawnee, and Ute. Later they had to fight the Lakota and their allies, the Arapaho and Cheyenne. The tribes in the Blackfoot Confederacy and the Lakota-Cheyenne-Arapaho alliance became their greatest enemies.

paragraphs: The Crow were generally allies with the northern Plains tribes of the Nez Perce, Kutenai, Shoshone, Kiowa and Kiowa Apache. They were also allies with the Flathead, although sometimes they had conflicts with them. The powerful Iron Confederacy ("Nehiyaw-Pwat"), an alliance of northern plains Indian nations developed as enemies of the Crow. It included the Plains Cree and Assiniboine peoples, and later included the Stoney, Saulteaux, Ojibwe, and Métis.

paragraphs: When a large number of white Americans arrived, the Crows were fighting enemies who greatly outnumbered them. In the 1850s, a boy named Plenty Coups had a vision. The tribal elders said the dream meant that the whites would become dominant over the entire country, and that the Crows would need to remain friendly with the whites.

paragraphs: By 1851, the Lakota and Cheyenne were fighting the Crow for their hunting lands. They took over the eastern hunting lands, and pushed the Crow to the west and northwest upriver on the Yellowstone. After about 1860, the Lakota Sioux had all the former Crow lands. They threatened Americans who were moving into these areas.

paragraphs: The Crow signed the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851 with the United States. This treaty recognized a large area around the Big Horn Mountains as Crow lands. But the Cheyenne and Lakota Sioux were still moving westward and pushing the Crows.

paragraphs: After Red Cloud's War (18661868) between the Lakota Sioux and the United States, the Lakota controlled territory from the Black Hills to the Big Horn Mountains. Bands of Lakota Sioux and Northern Cheyenne began to hunt and raid in ancestral Crow territory.

paragraphs: Crow warriors fought for the US Army in the Great Sioux War (1876–1877). This war ended with the defeat of the Sioux and Cheyenne. Some of the Sioux and their allies went to Canada, while others were removed to reservations.

paragraphs: The Crow had a matrilineal system. After marriage, the husband moved to the wife's mother's house. Women held a significant role within the tribe.

paragraphs: Like other Plains tribes, the Crow historically had three defined gender roles: male, female and "baté" (trans female / "two-spirit").

paragraphs: The Crow Indian Reservation is in south-central Montana. Its area is about , making it the fifth-largest Indian reservation in the United States. The 2000 census reported a total population of 6,894 on reservation lands.

paragraphs: The seat of government and capital of the Crow Indian Reservation is Crow Agency, Montana.

paragraphs: In 1948, a Constitution was adapted. It organized the tribe as a General Council (Tribal Council). The General Council had the executive, legislative, and judicial powers of the government. It was made up of all adult members of the Crow Nation. To be members of the General Council, females had to be 18 years or older and males had to be 21 or older. The General Council was a direct democracy, similar to that of ancient Athens. A chairperson was elected once every two years.

paragraphs: At a 2001 Council Meeting, four officials of the General Council established a three-branch government. The new government is known as the 2001 Constitution. The General Council is still the governing body of the tribe, but it has not met since 2001. Its powers were given to the three-branch government. The 2001 Constitution has been controversial because its establishment did not follow the rules of the 1948 Constitution. Opponents also say that it gives too much power to the US Bureau of Indian Affairs over the Crow government.

paragraphs: The officials who established the 2001 Constitution became the Executive Branch. These officials are known as the Chairperson, Vice-Chairperson, Secretary, and Vice-Secretary. The Chairperson's term lasts four years. The current Chairman is Darrin Old Coyote.

paragraphs: The Legislative Branch has three members from each district on the Crow Indian Reservation. The Crow Indian Reservation is divided into six districts known as The Valley of the Chiefs, Reno, Black Lodge, Mighty Few, Big Horn, and Pryor Districts.

paragraphs: The Judicial Branch consists of all courts established by the Crow Law and Order Code. It consists of an elected Chief Judge and two Associate Judges. The Crow Court of Appeals receives all appeals from the lower courts. The Chief Judge of the Crow Nation is Julie Yarlott.


title: Joaquín Castro

paragraphs: Joaquín Castro (born September 16, 1974) is an American politician. He has served in the United States House of Representatives for Texas's 20th congressional district since 2013.

paragraphs: Julián Castro was the 16th United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development in the Cabinet of President Barack Obama and is a candidate for President in the 2020 election.


title: Tom Steyer

paragraphs: Thomas Fahr "Tom" Steyer (born June 27, 1957) is an American hedge fund manager, politician, philanthropist, and environmentalist. Steyer is the founder and former Co-Senior Managing Partner of Farallon Capital Management, LLC and the co-founder of Beneficial State Bank.

paragraphs: In 2017, Steyer spent around $10 million for a television ad campaign advocating the impeachment of President Donald Trump and plans to spend millions more on a digital ad campaign to call for Trump's impeachment. Steyer thought about running for Governor of California in the 2018 gubernatorial election as a stance against President Trump.

paragraphs: Steyer was on the Board of Trustees at Stanford University from 2012 to 2017.

paragraphs: On July 9, 2019, Steyer announced his candidacy for President of the United States in the 2020. He dropped out of the race after loosing the South Carolina primary on February 29, 2020.


title: Burt Kwouk

paragraphs: Herbert W. "Burt" Kwouk, OBE (pron. "Kwok"; ; 18 July 1930 – 24 May 2016) was a British actor.

paragraphs: Kwouk was born in Warrington to Chinese parents. He was raised in Shanghai.

paragraphs: Kwouk was known for his role as Cato (spelled "Kato" in the 1964 release "A Shot in the Dark") in the "Pink Panther" movies. He was also known for his role of Major Yamauchi in the British drama series "Tenko" and, later, as Entwistle in "Last of the Summer Wine".

paragraphs: In the 2011 New Year Honours List, Burt Kwouk was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) for services to drama.

paragraphs: Kwouk died on 24 May 2016 in London, England of cancer of unknown primary origin, aged 85.


title: Howard Schultz

paragraphs: Howard D. Schultz (born July 19, 1953) is an American businessman. He is best known as the former chairman and CEO of Starbucks and a former owner of the Seattle SuperSonics. He was a member of the Board of Directors at Square, Inc..

paragraphs: In 1998, Schultz co-founded Maveron, an investment group, with Dan Levitan. In 2012, "Forbes" magazine ranked Schultz as the 354th richest person in the United States, with a net worth of $1.5 billion.

paragraphs: On June 4, 2018, Schultz announced his retirement as executive chairman.

paragraphs: In January 2019, it was reported that Schultz was considering running as an independent candidate in the election. Schultz announced on January 27, 2019 that he would explore a bid as an independent candidate. However in June 2019, he ruled out a presidential bid citing health concerns. In September 2019, Schultz formally said he would not run saying he would not want to risk re-electing President Donald Trump.


title: Gert Bals

paragraphs: Gert Bals (18 October 1936 – 20 May 2016) was a Dutch footballer. He played as a goalkeeper.

paragraphs: Bals became the first Dutch goalkeeper in an UEFA Cup final, when he played for Ajax in the 1969 European Cup Final against Milan.

paragraphs: He played 216 official matches for Ajax after making his debut for them in August 1965 and won 4 league titles with the club. He won the Dutch Footballer of the Year Award in 1969.

paragraphs: He finished his career at Vitesse after losing Ajax´ number one jersey to Heinz Stuy in 1970.


title: Alfredo Lim

paragraphs: Alfredo Siojo Lim (; 21 December 1929 – 8 August 2020) was a Filipino politician. He served as Mayor of the City of Manila from 1992 to 1998 and 2007 to 2013. He also served as senator of the Philippines from 2004 to 2007. He ran for president in 1998, but lost to Joseph Estrada.

paragraphs: He lost his re-election campaign in 2013, but lost to former President of the Philippines Joseph Estrada. He ran again in 2016, but narrowly lost to Estrada again by less than 1%.

paragraphs: On 7 August 2020, Lim was hospitalized in Manila with COVID-19. He died the next day from the infection at the age of 90.


title: Gender equality

paragraphs: Gender equality is a belief that both men and women should receive equal treatment. People should not be discriminated against because of their gender. It can also be called sex equality, gender egalitarianism, sexual equality or equality of the genders.

paragraphs: Gender equality is supported by feminists.


title: Echternach (canton)

paragraphs: Echternach () is a canton in east Luxembourg. Its capital is Echternach.

paragraphs: Its area is . The population in 2017 was 18,702. The Echternach canton has a population density of inhabitants/km².

paragraphs: It is bordered on the north by the German district of Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm (part of the "Land" of Rhineland-Palatinate), to the east by the Trier-Saarburg district (also part of Rhineland-Palatinate), to the south by the Grevenmacher canton and to the west by the Diekirch and the Mersch cantons

paragraphs: Part of this canton is a natural region called the Little Switzerland.

paragraphs: The Echternach canton has 8 communes (2017 population).


title: Jazz dance

paragraphs: Jazz dance is a dance genre which is easy to recognise, but not easy to define. It is, like some other forms of dance and music, an African influence in western culture.

paragraphs: Its origins were in social dancing to the music of jazz, but it developed into a type of stage dancing.

paragraphs: Today, jazz dance is taught to students of stage dancing. The ISTD (Imperial Society of Teachers of Dancing) lists jazz dance under 'Modern Theatre', and the IDTA (International Dance Teachers Association) lists it in their 'Theatre Branch'. Professional stage dancers are certain to have some kind of jazz dance training.

paragraphs: Modern ballet has also been influenced by jazz dance. Balanchine's ballet "Slaughter on Tenth Avenue" was the climax of the Broadway musical "On Your Toes" (1936), Kathleen Dunham and Bob Fosse were famous jazz dancers and choreographers.


title: Bangerten

paragraphs: Bangerten was a municipality in the administrative district of Seeland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland. On 1 January 2016 the former municipality of Bangerten merged into the municipality of Rapperswil.


title: Bannwil

paragraphs: Bannwil is a municipality of the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.


title: Viktor Kulikov

paragraphs: Viktor Kulikov (July 5, 1921 – May 28, 2013 in Moscow) was a Marshal of the Soviet Union and commander-in-chief of the Warsaw Pact from 1977 until 1989.

paragraphs: Kulikov first served in the military during the Great Patriotic War (1941–1945). After that, he was given the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

paragraphs: In 1983, he was honored with the Lenin Prize.


title: Sheikh Abubakr Ahmad

paragraphs: Sheikh Abubakr Ahmad (born 22 March 1939; also known as "Kāntapuraṃ Ě.pi. Abūbakkar Musliyār") is Grand Mufti of India. He is the President of the Islamic Community of India, Founder and Chancellor of the Jamia Markaz and General Secretary of the All India Sunni Jamiyyathul Ulama.

paragraphs: In August 2014, he has condemned Islamic extremism saying "Militant groups such as the Islamic State (IS) are trying to defame a religion that advocates peace and tolerance."

paragraphs: In November 2015, he commented on gender equality saying women could never equal men


title: University of Hong Kong

paragraphs: The University of Hong Kong (also called Hong Kong University or HKU) is a university in Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong. It is the oldest university in Hong Kong. In 2016, it was listed as the 45th best university in world reputation rankings.


title: Direct tax

paragraphs: A direct tax is a tax paid directly to the government by a person or organization. A direct tax may not be passed on to another person or entity but must be paid by the entity responsible for the tax. A direct tax is different from an indirect tax, which is paid by someone other than the person or entity who would normally be responsible for it. For example, a tax owed on a piece of property is a direct tax. A tax on the sale of that property would be considered an indirect tax.

paragraphs: An income tax is a tax that governments levy on individuals and businesses on their income. In the US and other countries, businesses and individuals need to file an Income Tax Return every year. This is to report all forms of income and to see if they owe any tax or can get a tax refund. Income tax is an important source of funds to most levels of government.

paragraphs: In the United States Constitution, the difference between indirect and direct taxes was important enough to require a Constitutional amendment in order for the federal government to levy an income tax. This was the Sixteenth Amendment which was ratified in 1913. Before the Sixteenth Amendment, any direct tax levied by the federal government had to be apportioned among the states by population. As apportionment by population proved to be virtually impossible, levying direct taxes was prevented by this article of the Constitution until it was changed in 1913. So the federal government relied on indirect taxes such as tariffs and Duties on imported goods and materials.

paragraphs: Another form of direct tax is the corporation tax. This is a tax on profits earned by corporations and other companies. In the United States the federal corporate tax is a direct tax, but is different from income tax. It taxes net income (profits) not gross income (on which income taxes are based). Corporate tax allows deductions for most expenses of doing business. Also, it only applies to corporations. It does not apply to partnerships or sole proprietorships.

paragraphs: Property tax, also called millage tax, is a tax on property that the owner must pay. They are usually collected by local governments and are based on a standardized value of a property. Property tax money is usually used for schools, community safety and local infrastructure. Millage rates refer to the "mill": one one-thousandth of a dollar. The millage rate is the amount of taxes levied per $1,000 of property value. For example, if the millage rate is 3 mills (or 3 tenths of a penny), a property valued at $300,000 would be a tax of $900.


title: Bäriswil, Bern

paragraphs: Bäriswil is a municipality in the administrative district Bern-Mittelland in the cantons of Berne in Switzerland.


title: Bätterkinden

paragraphs: Bätterkinden is a municipality in the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.


title: Wallis Simpson

paragraphs: Wallis Simpson (born Bessie Wallis Warfield; 19 June 1896 - 24 April 1986), who later became the Duchess of Windsor, caused a serious crisis in the mid-1930s. The heir to the throne of the United Kingdom, Prince Edward, had fallen in love with her. However, she was married to another man, and she had already divorced her first husband to marry him. In 1936 she divorced her second husband.

paragraphs: On 20 January 1936 George V died and Edward became king. Edward and Mrs Simpson had already started an affair. After her divorce, he wanted to marry her.

paragraphs: The monarch is the head of the Church of England, and at the time the church was strongly against the idea of divorce. Their affair was regarded as sin.

paragraphs: In November, the King consulted with the British Prime Minister, Stanley Baldwin, on a way to marry Wallis and keep the throne. The King suggested a morganatic marriage, where he would remain king but Wallis would not be queen. This was rejected by Baldwin and the Prime Ministers of Australia and South Africa. If the King were to marry Wallis against Baldwin's advice, the Government would be required to resign, causing a constitutional crisis.

paragraphs: The King decided he had no option but to abdicate if he wished to marry Wallis. On 11 December 1936, Edward said in a radio broadcast, "I have found it impossible to carry the heavy burden of responsibility, and to discharge my duties as King as I would wish to do, without the help and support of the woman I love".

paragraphs: After the abdication the king became the Duke of Windsor, and Mrs Simpson became the Duchess of Windsor. While the Duke retained his style of "Royal Highness", the new King declared that the Duchess would not be allowed to do the same. She was instead styled "Her Grace The Duchess of Windsor" - the same style given to a non-Royal Duchess. The couple lived abroad, mainly in France, for most of their lives. During the war they moved out of France to Portugal and later to the Bahamas. They were widely suspected of having sympathy with the German Nazi party. The Duke himself wrote in the New York "Daily News" of 13 December 1966: "it was in Britain's interest and in Europe's too, that Germany be encouraged to strike east and smash Communism forever ... I thought the rest of us could be fence-sitters while the Nazis and the Reds slogged it out".

paragraphs: After the Duke's death from cancer in 1972, the Duchess travelled to the United Kingdom to attend his funeral. She stayed at Buckingham Palace during her visit. The Duchess of Windsor died on 24 April 1986 at her home in the Bois de Boulogne, Paris at the age of eighty-nine. She was buried alongside her husband in the Royal Burial Ground. She wrote about her life in 1956.


title: Gross income

paragraphs: Gross income in United States income tax law is money or anything of value gained from all sources. Gross income is the amount of income before any tax deductions or allowances. In the Law of the United States, 26 U.S. Code § 61, "Except as otherwise provided in this subtitle, gross income means all income from whatever source derived...".

paragraphs: Some types of income are specifically excluded from gross income. These are listed at 26 U.S. Code Part III and include:


title: Bellmund

paragraphs: Bellmund () is a municipality of the administrative district of Biel/Bienne in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.


title: Tweenager

paragraphs: A tweenager, or tween, is a young person between the age of from 10 to 13. From this stage they are still developing.

paragraphs: On average, girls begin puberty at ages 10–11; boys at ages 11–12. Girls usually complete puberty by ages 15–17, while boys usually complete puberty by ages 16–17. The major landmark of puberty for females is menarche, the onset of menstruation, which occurs on average between ages 12–13; for males, it is the first ejaculation, which occurs on average at age 15.In the 21st century, the average age at which children, especially girls, reach puberty is lower compared to the 19th century, when it was 15 for girls and 16 for boys. This can be due to improved nutrition resulting in rapid body growth, increased weight and fat deposition, or eating meat from animals which have been dosed up with estrogen. Sexual attraction to tweenagers or people going through puberty is called hebephilia.


title: Belprahon

paragraphs: Belprahon is a municipality of the administrative district of Jura bernois in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.


title: Rita Renoir

paragraphs: Rita Renoir (19 January 1934 – 4 May 2016) was a French striptease entertainer and actress. She was born in Paris. She was one of the most famous European strip-teasers. In 1964, Renoir was chosen by Michelangelo Antonioni to play the role of Emilia in "The Red Desert"

paragraphs: Renoir died on 4 May 2016 at the age of 82.


title: John David Jackson

paragraphs: John David Jackson (January 19, 1925 – May 20, 2016) was a Canadian–American physics. He was the professor emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley and a faculty senior scientist emeritus at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.

paragraphs: He was a theoretical physicist. He was a member of the National Academy of Sciences. He was well known for his many publications and summer-school lectures in nuclear and particle physics, as well as his widely used graduate text on classical electromagnetism.


title: Brandon Grove, Jr.

paragraphs: Brandon Hambright Grove, Jr. (April 8, 1929 – May 20, 2016) was an American diplomat. He was born in Chicago. He was the United States Ambassador to the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) from 1974 through 1977 and Zaire from 1984 through 1987. He served on the board of directors of the American Academy of Diplomacy.

paragraphs: Grove, Jr. died from complications of cancer on May 20, 2016 in Washington, D.C., aged 87.


title: Velimir Sombolac

paragraphs: Velimir Sombolac (Serbian Cyrillic: Beлимиp Coмбoлaц; 27 February 1939 – 22 May 2016) was a Serbian footballer and manager.

paragraphs: After having played ten matches for the Yugoslav U-21 team, and also five for the national "B" team, he was in the Olympic team that represented Yugoslavia at the 1960 Summer Olympics. There, Yugoslavia won the gold eliminating hosts Italy in the semi-finals, and beating Denmark ( 3–1 ) in the final. Afterward, Sombolac also played five matches for the Yugoslavia national football team.

paragraphs: Right after retiring, in 1973, he took charge of a small regional club called FK Sloga Gornji Pogradci, that provided him with crucial experience for returning, in 1974, to Borac, to become the assistant manager until 1976.

paragraphs: After the break-up of Yugoslavia, he worked at the Football Association of Republika Srpska, helping to form all the youth category teams. From 1998 to 2001, he was the head coach of the Republika Srpska official football team.


title: Zdeněk Mézl

paragraphs: Zdeněk Mézl (31 October 1934 – 23 May 2016) was an Czech print-maker and writer. He was known for his illustrations. He was born in Prague.

paragraphs: He studied at the College of Applied Arts between 1949–1953 and later graduated from the Academy of Fine Arts, Prague. Mézl has illustrated some books using traditional woodcut engraving. His published books are "A Battle for Cathedral" or "Hey, Slavs!".

paragraphs: Mézl died on 23 May 2016 in Prague from a heart attack, aged 81.


title: Mell Lazarus

paragraphs: Mell Lazarus (May 3, 1927 – May 24, 2016)

paragraphs: was an American cartoonist. He was born in Brooklyn, New York. He was best known as the creator of two comic strips, "Miss Peach" (1957–2002) and "Momma" (1970–2016). He wrote two novels. For his comic strip "Pauline McPeril" (a 1966-69 collaboration with Jack Rickard), he used the pseudonym Fulton, which is also the name of a character in his first novel, "The Boss Is Crazy, Too".

paragraphs: Lazarus served as President of the National Cartoonists Society from 1989 to 1993.

paragraphs: Lazarus died on May 24, 2016 at his home in Los Angeles, California from complications of Alzheimer's disease, aged 89.


title: Yang Jiang

paragraphs: Yang Jiang (; 17 July 1911 – 25 May 2016), born Yang Jikang (), was a Chinese playwright, author, and translator. She wrote several successful comedies. She was the first Chinese person to produce a complete Chinese version of "Don Quixote" from the Spanish original.

paragraphs: On 25 May 2016, Yang died at the age of 104 at Peking Union Medical College Hospital in Beijing.


title: Chris Murphy

paragraphs: Christopher Scott "Chris" Murphy (born August 3, 1973) is the junior United States Senator from Connecticut. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He previously served in the United States House of Representatives, representing from 2007 to 2013.


title: Richard Blumenthal

paragraphs: Richard Blumenthal (born February 13, 1946) is the senior United States Senator from Connecticut. He has been in office since 2011. He served as Attorney General of Connecticut from 1991 to 2011. He is a member of the Democratic Party.


title: Wendell Berry

paragraphs: Wendell E. Berry (born August 5, 1934) is an American novelist, poet, environmental activist, cultural critic, and farmer. He has written many novels, short stories, poems, and essays.

paragraphs: He is an elected member of the Fellowship of Southern Writers, a recipient of The National Humanities Medal, and the Jefferson Lecturer for 2012. He is also a 2013 Fellow of The American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Berry was named the recipient of the 2013 Richard C. Holbrooke Distinguished Achievement Award.

paragraphs: On January 28, 2015, he became the first living writer to be ushered into the Kentucky Writers Hall of Fame.


title: Esch-sur-Alzette (canton)

paragraphs: Esch-sur-Alzette () is a canton in the south-west of Luxembourg. Its capital is Esch-sur-Alzette.

paragraphs: With an area of , and a population (2016) of 172,687, the Esch-sur-Alzette canton has a population density of inhabitants/km².

paragraphs: The canton borders on the south with the French departments of Moselle and Meurthe-et-Moselle, and with Belgium on the west. In the Pétange commune is the point where where three countries meetː Luxembourg, France and Belgium.

paragraphs: The Esch-sur-Alzette canton has 14 communes (2017 population).


title: Beth Howland

paragraphs: Elizabeth "Beth" Howland (May 28, 1941 – December 31, 2015) was an American actress. She worked on stage, movies and television. She was best known for playing Vera Gorman in the sitcom "Alice".

paragraphs: Howland died of lung cancer on December 31, 2015 in Santa Monica, California, at the age of 74.


title: Brian Murphy

paragraphs: Brian Trevor John Murphy (born 25 September 1932) is an English actor. He is best known as the husband George Roper in the sitcom "Man About the House" and spin-off "George and Mildred".


title: Caupolicán

paragraphs: Caupolicán was a leader of the Mapuche people of Chile, who decided to choose a supreme war leader in response to the Spanish threat. Caupolican supposedly won the position by demonstrating his superior strength by holding up a tree trunk three days and three nights, though this may be an exaggeration.

paragraphs: In addition to proving his physical power, he also had to improvise a poetical speech to inspire the people to valor and unity. Much of the legend of Caupolican is found in the epic poem La Araucana by Alonso de Ercilla, a major piece of literature about the Spanish conquest of America.


title: Lautaro

paragraphs: Lautaro was a Mapuche military leader and relevant actor the the Arauco War. His tactics are today studied in many war academies in the world.

paragraphs: Lautaro was also a son of a mapuche Lonco ("chief"). When he was young, he was captured by the spanish colonizators and grew up as personal servant of the spanish conqueror of Chile, Pedro de Valdivia. With him, he learned the military tactics of the spanish army.

paragraphs: As he converted into an adult, he ran away from the spanish captivity and went back with the mapuches. With the knowledge adquired, he introduced the horse into the mapuche people and designed new tactics to combat the conquerors militia. So, he attracted around him the dispersed mapuche warrriors and formed a big native army to fight against the conquerors.

paragraphs: He obtained many military successes, destroying new founded cities and making big pression over the few spanish men in the Chilean territory. After he got a substancial victory in the southern city, he began the advance over Santiago, the capital and oldest spanish founded city. Unhappily for him, he was murdered when he was only 200 km away from his destination.

paragraphs: He is considered an important icon of the Arauco War, due his revolutionary strategy and responsability in the union of the disperse mapuche people.

paragraphs: His name was use by Francisco de Miranda, when he founded the Logia Lautaro an american-independist society of the end of 18 century and the beginning of the 19th century.


title: Galvarino

paragraphs: Galvarino was a famous Mapuche warrior. In 1557, he fought in the Battle of Lagunillas against the an army of Spanish conquistadors. The battle took place in Chile near the Bio Bio River. He was taken prisoner along with one hundred and fifty other Mapuche. Some prisoners were condemned to amputation of their right hand and nose. Others like Galvarino had both hands cut off. He was released and told to tell the Mapuche chief Caupolicán to surrender to stop more bloodshed. He did just the opposite. He urged the Mapuche to continue fighting against the Spanish invaders. Less than a month later, on November 30, 1557, with knives fastened to both of his wrists he fought at the Battle of Millarupe. It was supposed to be a surprise attack but the Mapuche sprang the trap too early. In the battle, over 3,000 Mapuche warriors were killed. Galvarino was one of several hundred who were captured. He was sentenced to be hung. Some say he was executed by being thrown to the dogs. Others claim he was hanged. Still others say he killed himself before he could be executed.


title: Directed evolution

paragraphs: Directed evolution (DE) is a method used to produce enzymes for industrial or medical purposes.

paragraphs: The method is protein engineering which mimics natural selection.

paragraphs: The basic idea is to put a gene through repeated rounds of mutation, to make a library of variants. Selection isolates genes with the desired function. They are a template for the next round.

paragraphs: This can be done "in vivo" (in living cells of bacteria or yeast), or "in vitro" (free in solution or microdroplets).

paragraphs: Testing more mutants increases the chances of finding one with the desired properties.

paragraphs: During "in vivo" evolution, each cell (usually bacteria or yeast) is transformed with a plasmid containing a different member of the variant library. Only the gene of interest differs between the cells, with all other genes being kept the same.

paragraphs: The cells express the protein either in their cytoplasm or surface where its function can be tested. This format has the advantage of selecting for properties in a cellular environment, which is useful when the evolved protein or RNA is to be used in living organisms.

paragraphs: When done without cells, DE uses "in vitro" transcription translation to produce proteins or RNA free in solution or inside artificial microdroplets. This has the benefit of allowing more conditions (e.g. temperature, solvents). It can express proteins that would be toxic to cells. Furthermore, "in vitro" evolution experiments can generate far larger libraries (up to 10) because the library DNA need not be inserted into cells. That often limits what can be done.

paragraphs: When functional proteins have been isolated, it is necessary that their genes are too, therefore a genotype-phenotype link is required.

paragraphs: This can be covalent, where the mRNA gene is linked to the protein at the end of translation by puromycin.

paragraphs: Alternatively the protein and its gene can be kept together, or in emulsion droplets. The gene sequences isolated are then multiplied by PCR or by transformed host bacteria. Either the single best sequence, or a pool of sequences can be used as the template for the next round of mutagenesis. The repeated cycles of diversification-selection-amplification make enzyme variations adapted to the selection process.

paragraphs: US engineer Frances Arnold has won the Millennium Technology Prize for pioneering directed evolution.


title: Cave catfish

paragraphs: Cave catfish is a name used for species of catfish which live in caves or underground environments.

paragraphs: Species known specifically as cave catfish include:

paragraphs: Other catfish that live in caves include:


title: Belp

paragraphs: Belp is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland

paragraphs: administrative district in the canton of Berne, Switzerland.

paragraphs: The municipality of Belpberg merged on 1 January 2012 into the municipality of Belp.


paragraphs: Ideal Landscape with a Young Man Killing a Snake is an oil painting by Franz Caucig (1755 – 1828), a Neoclassical painter. He made the painting before 1810. The size of the painting is . The painting is in the National Gallery of Slovenia.

paragraphs: On the left is an aqueduct and a group of trees. On the right a young man kills a snake on the bank of a river. The sky has dark clouds. The sun shines on the river and on the young man.

paragraphs: The theme of nature is common in Neoclassicism. The works of Immanuel Kant and neoclassical English philosophers were popular at this time.


title: Bettenhausen, Switzerland

paragraphs: Bettenhausen is a municipality in the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Berne in Switzerland. On 1 January 2011 the former municipality of Bollodingen merged into the municipality of Bettenhausen.


title: Delta IV

paragraphs: The Delta IV is a rocket made to launch satellites. It has many different types including Medium, Medium+, and Heavy for many different types of satellites orbiting at many different altitudes above the Earth. The Delta IV launches at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida and at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California.

paragraphs: The Delta IV has launched 32 times. The first flight was on November 20, 2002, and it launched the "Eutelsat W5" communications satellite into geostationary transfer orbit (GTO).

paragraphs: The Delta IV rocket comes in many different types meant to launch different sizes and kinds of satellites.

paragraphs: The least powerful kind of the Delta IV rocket is the Medium type. It has 1 main Common Booster Core (CBC) as the first stage of the rocket, using the RS-68 engine, and the second stage is like from the Delta III rocket, but it has been changed. It uses a 4-meter payload fairing to cover the satellite during the launch of the rocket. This kind has launched 3 times.

paragraphs: The Delta IV Medium+ (4,2) is like the Medium type, but it has two GEM-60 solid rocket boosters strapped onto the CBC. This kind has launched 13 times, and is the kind of Delta IV rocket that has launched the most times.

paragraphs: The Delta IV Medium+ (5,2) is like the (4,2), but the second stage and fairing has a larger diameter. This kind has launched 2 times.

paragraphs: The Delta IV Medium+ (5,4) is like the (5,2), but it has two more GEM-60 solid rocket boosters. This kind has launched 5 times.

paragraphs: The Delta IV Heavy is the biggest kind of Delta IV rockets. It has two CBC strapped onto it like solid rocket boosters. This kind has launched 9 times, and is the most powerful rocket currently doing launches (the most powerful rocket ever is the Saturn V).


title: Giant Bible of Echternach

paragraphs: The Giant Bible of Echternach, Echternacher Riesenbibel or Gothaer Riesenbibel is an illuminated Bible from the 11th century. It is written in the Latin language. It was made for the abbot of Echternach sometime between 1051 and 1081. The Bible is in the National Library of Luxembourg (formerly Gotha).

paragraphs: The Giant Bible of Echternach was made at the Abbey Echernach. The abbey is famous for its scriptorium and its illuminated manuscripts from the 11th century.


title: Biglen

paragraphs: Biglen is a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.


title: Bauen

paragraphs: Bauen is a municipality of the canton of Uri in Switzerland.


title: Mersch (canton)

paragraphs: Mersch () is a canton in the centre of Luxembourg. Its capital is Mersch.

paragraphs: It is the only canton, other than Luxembourg, to be entirely surrounded by other cantons, and therefore not to have an international boundary.

paragraphs: With an area of , and a population (2017) of 31,351, the Mersch canton has a population density of inhabitants/km².

paragraphs: The canton has the Diekirch canton to the north, the Echternach canton to the east, the Grevenmacher canton to the southeast and the Luxembourg canton to the south. The canton borders, to the west, with the Redange canton.

paragraphs: The Mersch canton has 11 communes (2016 population).


title: Nancy Dow

paragraphs: Nancy Maryanne Dow (July 22, 1936 – May 25, 2016) was an American actress and model. She appeared in a brief group of moviess and television shows such as "The Beverly Hillbillies", "The Wild Wild West" and the 2005 movie "Pure". She was married to Greek American actor John Aniston with whom she had a daughter, actress Jennifer Aniston (born February 11, 1969).

paragraphs: Dow died at a hospital in Los Angeles, California on May 25, 2016 from complications from a stroke, aged 79.


title: Howard Golden

paragraphs: Howard Golden (born 1925) is an American civil servant. He was the long-time Democratic borough president of Brooklyn serving from 1977 to December 31, 2001.


title: Guy Molinari

paragraphs: Gaetano Victor "Guy" Molinari (November 23, 1928 – July 25, 2018) was an American politician. He was a former United States Representative who served in Congress from 1981 through 1989. He also served as borough president of Staten Island, New York from 1990 through 2001.

paragraphs: Molinari died of pneumonia on July 25, 2018 in Manhattan, aged 89.


title: Helen M. Marshall

paragraphs: Helen M. Marshall (September 30, 1929 – March 4, 2017) was an American politician from New York. She was Borough President of Queens from 2002 to 2013.

paragraphs: Marshall died on March 4, 2017 under hospice care in Palm Desert, California, aged 87.


title: Claire Shulman

paragraphs: Claire K. Shulman (February 23, 1926 in Brooklyn, New York – August 16, 2020 in Queens, New York) was an American politician. She was the borough president of Queens, New York City from 1986 until 2002. She was the first woman to hold this position in Queens history.

paragraphs: Shulman died on August 16, 2020 of lung cancer at the age of 94.


title: Joe Fleishaker

paragraphs: Joseph Isaac Fleishaker (1954 – May 23, 2016) was an American character actor. He was born in Brooklyn. He was best known for his appearances in low-budget cult and horror movies such as those made by Troma Entertainment. He appeared in "Troma's War", "Sgt. Kabukiman N.Y.P.D." and "Tromeo and Juliet". He also appeared in several skits on "Late Show with David Letterman".

paragraphs: Fleishaker died of a heart attack at a hospital in The Bronx, New York on May 23, 2016, aged 62.


title: Gyula Kosice

paragraphs: Gyula Kosice, born Ferdinand Fallik (April 26, 1924 – May 25, 2016), was a Czechoslovakian-born naturalized Argentine sculptor, plastic artist, theoretician and poet. He was of Jewish descent and one of the most important figures in kinetic. He created monumental sculptures, hydrospatial walks, hydrowalls, etc. He made more than 40 personal and 500 collective exhibitions all over the world. Kosice was the first artist to use neon in sculpture and early on water in his work.


title: Berend Jan Udink

paragraphs: Berend Jan "Bé" Udink (12 February 1926 – 24 May 2016) was a Dutch politician.

paragraphs: He was elected in the Rijnmondraad (Council of Rijnmond), a local council of representatives of Rijnmond, in 1965. Two years later, in 1967, he became Minister for Development Cooperation in the Cabinet-De Jong, a post he held till 1971. In 1971, Udink became minister of Transport, Public Works and Water Management in the Cabinets-Biesheuvel I and II.

paragraphs: His political career ended in 1973. From 1973 till 1978 he was member of the Board of Directors of the (as Dutch gas and electricity company) and from 1978 till 1980 he served as its President.


title: Franz Caucig

paragraphs: Franz Caucig (1755 – 1828) was an Italian painter. He was born on December 4 1755 in Gorizia. His father Andrew was a tailor, of the Volče family, originally from Tolmino. His mother was Catherine Kaknes (Cacnos).


title: Arturo Pomar

paragraphs: Arturo Pomar Salamanca (September 1, 1931 – May 26, 2016) was a Spanish chess grandmaster (GM). He was born in Palma de Mallorca, Spain. He was a chess prodigy because he won the championship of the Balearic Islands at the age of 11 and became a master at 13. He was Spanish Champion seven times (1946, 1950, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1962, and 1966), and Sub-Champion four times (1951, 1956, 1964, and 1969).

paragraphs: Pomar died on May 26, 2016 in Barcelona, Spain, aged 84.


title: Nasrallah Boutros Sfeir

paragraphs: Nasrallah Boutros Sfeir ("", ; 15 May 1920 – 12 May 2019) was the patriarch of Lebanon's largest Christian body, the Maronite Church, an Eastern Catholic Church in communion with the Holy See. He was also a Cardinal. He was elected Patriarch of Antioch for the Maronites on 27 April 1986, and his resignation was accepted on 26 February 2011. Bechara Boutros al-Rahi became patriarch following the resignation.

paragraphs: Sfeir was the third Maronite Cardinal and the 76th Patriarch of the Maronite Church with the official title of "His Beatitude and Eminence the seventy-sixth Patriarch of Antioch and the Whole Levant".

paragraphs: Sfeir was born in Rayfoun. He died of a chest infection on 12 May 2019 in Beirut. He was 98.


title: Lewis Fiander

paragraphs: Lewis Fiander (12 January 1938 – 24 May 2016) was an Australian movie, stage, television and actor.

paragraphs: He appeared in such movies as "I Start Counting" (1970), "Dr. Jekyll and Sister Hyde" (1971), "Dr. Phibes Rises Again" (1972), "The Abdication" (1974), "Who Can Kill a Child?" (1976), "Not Now, Comrade" (1976), "Sweeney 2" (1978), "The Doctor and the Devils" (1985), "Georgia" (1988) and "Paperback Romance" (1994).

paragraphs: Fiander died in Melbourne, Victoria on 24 May 2016 from a stroke, aged 78.


title: Ted Dumitru

paragraphs: Theodore "Ted" Dumitru (born Dumitru Teodorescu; September 2, 1939 – May 26, 2016) was a Romanian football manager. He last worked as a technical director for Mamelodi Sundowns in the South African Premier Soccer League. He was the former coach of the South Africa national football team. Dumitru was one of a few coaches to have guided the 'big three' in South Africa Kaizer Chiefs, Sundowns and Orlando Pirates.


title: Buck Kartalian

paragraphs: Buck Kartalian (August 13, 1922 – May 24, 2016) was an American actor. He appeared in more than 70 movies and television shows between 1953 and 2006. He was born in Detroit, Michigan.

paragraphs: Kartalian was known for his roles in "Cool Hand Luke" (1967), "Planet of the Apes" (1968), "Conquest of the Planet of the Apes" (1972), "The Outlaw Josey Wales" (1976) and in "The Rock" (1996)

paragraphs: Kartalian died on May 24, 2016 in Mission Hills, California, aged 93.


title: Hedy Epstein

paragraphs: Spag-Hedy Epstein (15 August 1924 – 26 May 2016), "née" Wachenheimer, was a German-born Jewish-American political activist. She was known for her support of the Palestinian cause through the International Solidarity Movement. She was born in Freiburg to a Jewish family. She was rescued from Nazi Germany by the Kindertransport in 1939. She immigrated to the United States in 1948, and lived in St. Louis, Missouri for many years.

paragraphs: Epstein died at her home in St. Louis on May 26, 2016, aged 91, of cancer.


title: Frankie Manning

paragraphs: Frankie Manning (May 26, 1914 – April 27, 2009) was an American dancer, choreographer and instructor. He helped develop the Lindy Hop, an American dance from Harlem, New York City.

paragraphs: At age 75, Manning received a 1989 Tony Award for co-choreographing "Black and Blue", a musical on Broadway.

paragraphs: Manning wrote an autobiography, "Frankie Manning: Ambassador of Lindy Hop".

paragraphs: Manning was born in Jacksonville, Florida. He died at age 94 in Manhattan, New York City.


title: The Truth Seekers

paragraphs: The Truth Seekers (Chinese: 真探) is a Singaporean drama television series. It is produced and shown on Mediacorp Channel 8. It began its run from 28 April 2016. There are 23 episodes. It stars Chen Hanwei, Rebecca Lim, Desmond Tan and Yusuke Fukuchi as the main characters. They play a team of cold case private investigators, who look into unsolved cases from years ago and break new ground with the help of scientific and technological advancements. During their investigations, members of the crime-busting team fall in – and out – of love as they learn other hidden truths about themselves and their comrades.


title: Lindy Hop

paragraphs: Lindy Hop is an American dance. It started in Harlem, New York City in the 1920s and 1930s. It was originally associated with jazz and tap dance. It was popular from the 1920s to the 1940s. The Lindy Hop was a mixture of many dances before it, like the Charleston, tap and breakaway dances.

paragraphs: Frankie Manning helped develop the dance.

paragraphs: Lindy Hop today is danced as a social, competitive or performance dance. It is also sometimes called a street dance.


title: Volleyball at the 2016 Summer Olympics

paragraphs: The volleyball tournaments at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro were played between 6 and 21 August. Twenty-four volleyball teams and 48 beach volleyball teams, totalling 386 athletes, participated in the tournament. The indoor volleyball competition was held at Ginásio do Maracanãzinho in Maracanã, and the beach volleyball tournament took place at Copacabana Beach.


title: Clovis Maksoud

paragraphs: Clovis Maksoud (December 17, 1926 – May 15, 2016) was an American diplomat and journalist. He was born in Bristow, Oklahoma.

paragraphs: He served as Ambassador of the Arab League to India from 1961 through 1966, to the United Nations from 1979 through 1990 and at the same time to the United States. He worked with presidents John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush.

paragraphs: Besides from being an ambassador, Maksoud was the senior editor of Al-Ahram. He also served as professor of International Relations and director of the Center for the Global South at American University in Washington, D.C..

paragraphs: Maksoud died on May 15, 2016 at a hospital in Washington, D.C. from a cerebral hemorrhage at the age of 89.


title: Redange (canton)

paragraphs: Redange () is a canton in the west of Luxembourg. Its capital is Redange, also called as Redange-sur-Attert.

paragraphs: On 1 January 1979, the "communes" of Arsdorf, Bigonville, Folschette and Perlé were merged to make the new "commune" of Rambrouch. The number of communes in the canton changed from 13 to 10.

paragraphs: With an area of , and a population (2017) of 18,351, the Redange canton has a population density of inhabitants/km².

paragraphs: The canton has the Wiltz canton to the north, the Diekirch canton to the northeast, the Mersh canton to the east and the Capellen canton to the south. The canton of Redange borders, to the west, with two "arrondissements" of Belgiumː Arlon and Bastogne.

paragraphs: The Redange canton has 10 communes (2016 population).


title: Zim, Minnesota

paragraphs: Zim is an unincorporated place in McDavitt Township, St. Louis County, Minnesota, United States. In 2010 the population of Zim was 5,228 people according to the U.S. Census. Zim makes up 2.6% of the entire population of Saint Louis County.

paragraphs: Zim got its name from a nearby lumber camp of a man named Zimmerman. Nearby is the "Sax-Zim Bog", one of the world's best birdwatching places. It was named for the two nearby, mostly uninhabited, towns of Zim and Sax. Every February the habitat hosts a three-day festival for birdwatchers.


title: Agarn

paragraphs: Agarn (Walliser German: "Agaru") is a municipality of the district of Leuk in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.


title: Bleienbach

paragraphs: Bleienbach is a municipality in the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.


title: Bleiken bei Oberdiessbach

paragraphs: Bleiken bei Oberdiessbach is a former municipality of the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Berne, Switzerland.

paragraphs: On 1 January 2014 the former municipality of Bleiken bei Oberdiesbach merged into the municipality of Oberdiessbach.


title: Law of definite composition

paragraphs: The law of definite proportions (or Proust's law) states that a chemical compound always has exactly the same proportion of elements by mass.

paragraphs: Amounting to the same thing is the law of constant composition. This states that all samples of a given chemical compound have the same elemental composition by mass. For example, oxygen makes up about / of the mass of any sample of pure water, while hydrogen makes up the remaining / of the mass. The law of definite proportions is the basis of stoichiometry, together with the law of multiple proportions.


title: Union Army of the West

paragraphs: The Union Army of the West was a Union Army in the Western Theater of the American Civil War. It was made up of only four brigades and operated in Missouri. It was formed shortly after May 10, 1861 and was disbanded on August 19, 1861. The Army of the West was commanded by Brigadier general Nathaniel Lyon until his death at the Battle of Wilson's Creek on August 10, 1861.

paragraphs: By the time the Civil War started, Missouri had already already been engaged in a border war between free-soilers and proslavery forces over statehood for neighboring Kansas. Both parties raided both sides of the border. There was a great deal of lawlessness and panic in the region. When the Civil War started, the issue became whether Missouri would join the Confederacy or remain loyal to the Union. The newly elected governor in 1860 was Claiborne Fox Jackson. While he openly did not call for secession from the Union, he was making plans for Missouri to join the Confederacy. He knew the most important resource in the state was the federal arsenal at St. Louis. There was only a small detachment of Union soldiers that guarded the arsenal and were under the command of Captain Lyon. Jackson called out his state militia.

paragraphs: Meanwhile, the United States Secretary of War, Simon Cameron, had sent a letter to Lyon, the temporary commander of the arsenal, authorizing him to raise more companies of Union soldiers. It was endorsed by President Abraham Lincoln and Lieutenant general Winfield Scott. On May 10, 1861, Lyon surrounded the camp of the Missouri Militia and arrested all of the members. He marched his prisoners through the streets of St. Louis to the arsenal. When Southern sympathizers in St. Louis started a riot, Lyon quickly put it down. Many of the rioters were killed.

paragraphs: Brigadier general William S. Harney, who had left Lyon in temporary command, returned to St. Louis with two companies of Union artillery and two companies of Union infantry. He reassureed the citizens of St. Louis that the Union army would protect them. He condemned the actions of the state legislature and governor in making any effort to join the Southern cause. He also wrote to General Scott saying he approved of Lyon's actions. On May 17, 1861, Lyon was promoted to the rank of brigadier general, his date of rank being 18 May.

paragraphs: The history of the Union Army of the West begins with Lyon's promotion to brigadier general and his being given overall command. His forces were made up of a combination of regular United States Army and volunteer units from Missouri, Iowa and Kansas. The Army of the West was made up of the following brigades:

paragraphs: On June 13, 1861, after failed negotiations with Governor Jackson, Lyon quickly moved his army to attack the pro-confederate forces at Jefferson City, Missouri. the state capital. He moved quickly enough to catch them unprepared. On June 15, the Army of the West occupied Jefferson City. On June 17, both sides fought the Battle of Boonville which lasted only about 30 minutes. The Union forces completely routed the pro-confederates. Jackson and most of his militia retreated to the southwest corner of Missouri, close to Confederate help from Arkansas.

paragraphs: By the second week of July 1861, the Army of the West was camped at Springfield, Missouri. In total, Lyon had about 5,400 soldiers in his command. About 75 miles to the southwest of Springfield, the pro-south militia were camped. They were under the command of Major general Sterling Price. Price was joined by Confederate generals Benjamin McCulloch and Nicholas Bartlett Pearce. Combined their forces numbered about 12,000. In late July both forces started moving closer to together under the command of McCulloch.

paragraphs: On August 9, 1861, Lyon marched his troops from Springfield to where the Confederates were now camped at Wilson Creek. His plan called for Colonel Sigel to do a flanking maneuver on the Confederates and attack them from their rear. The rest of Lyon's forces would attack from the north. On August 10, the (first) Battle of Wilson's Creek began with Sigel's flanking maneuver which surprised the Confederate army. It allowed the Union army an early advantage. The two armies fought fiercely in the fields and hills around Wilson's Creek. After six hours of fighting and numerous casualties on both sides, the Union forces withdrew. During the battle, Lyon was killed and Major Sturgis replaced him. Three times the confederates attacked the Union line and failed to break through all three times. After the third attack at about 11:00 am, the Confederates fell back. With his ammunition running low and his men exhausted Sturgis withdrew to Springfield. Too disorganized to follow, the Confederate army did not pursue. While it was a technical victory for the Confederates, the Union army kept control of Missouri for the rest of the war.

paragraphs: After the battle, the Army of the West fell back to Rolla, Missouri, then back to St. Louis. From there the various units were sent to other commands. On August 19, 1861 the Army of the West was officially disbanded.


title: Remich (canton)

paragraphs: Remich () is a canton in the southeast of Luxembourg. Its capital is Remich.

paragraphs: On 1 January 2012, the "communes" of Burmerange and Wellenstein were merged with the "commune" of Schengen.

paragraphs: With an area of , and a population (2017) of 21,987, the Remich canton has a population density of inhabitants/km².

paragraphs: The canton has the Grevenmacher canton to the northeast, the Esch-sur-Alzette canton to the west and the Luxembourg canton to the northwest. The canton of Remich borders, to the east, with two districts of Germanyː Trier-Saarburg and Merzig-Wadern, and to the south with the Moselle department in France.

paragraphs: In the Schengen commune is the point where where three countries meetː Luxembourg, France and Germany.

paragraphs: The Remich canton has 8 communes (2016 population).


title: Vianden (canton)

paragraphs: Vianden () is a canton in the north of Luxembourg. Its capital is Vianden.

paragraphs: On 1 January 2006, the "communes" of Bastendorf (in the Diekirch canton) and Fouhren were merged to form the "commune" of Tandel.

paragraphs: Vianden is the smallest canton of Luxembourgh, with an area of , and a population (2017) of 5,162; it has a population density of inhabitants/km².

paragraphs: The canton has the Diekirch canton to the south, southwest and west; and the Clervaux canton to the northwest. To the east, it borders with the Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm district (Rhineland-Palatinate state), Germany.

paragraphs: The Vianden canton has 3 communes (2017 population).


title: Wiltz (canton)

paragraphs: Wiltz () is a canton in northwestern Luxembourg. Its capital is Wiltz.

paragraphs: On 1 January 2012, the "communes" of Heiderscheid and Neunhausen were merged with the "commune" of Esch-sur-Sûre.

paragraphs: With an area of , and a population (2017) of 16,449, the Wiltz canton has a population density of inhabitants/km².

paragraphs: The canton has the Clervaux canton to the north, the Diekirch canton to the east and the Redange canton to the south. The canton of Wiltz borders, to the west, with the "arrondissement" of Arlon, (Belgium).

paragraphs: The Wiltz canton has 7 communes (2016 population).


title: Angela Paton

paragraphs: Angela Paton (January 11, 1930 – May 26, 2016) was an American theater, TV and movie actress. She was known for her roles as Mrs. Lancaster, the innkeeper, in "Groundhog Day" (1993), Grandma in "American Wedding" (2003) and Mrs. Holmes in "Lolita" (1997).

paragraphs: Paton died on May 26, 2016 in Oakland, California from a heart attack, aged 86.


title: Kai G. Henriksen

paragraphs: Kai Henning Gjesdal Henriksen (21 May 1956 – 27 May 2016) was a Norwegian businessperson. He was a former politician for the Conservative Party of Norway. He served a period as the chief executive officer of Storebrand Bank. He was born in Tromsdalen. Henriksen was CEO of the Norwegian government-owned wine and spirits retail monopoly company, AS Vinmonopolet from 2006 until his death in 2016.

paragraphs: Henriksen died on 27 May 2016 in Oslo, Norway from complications of pancreatic cancer, aged 60.


title: Beatenberg

paragraphs: Beatenberg is a municipality of the administrative district of Interlaken-Oberhasli in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.


title: Blumenstein

paragraphs: Blumenstein is a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.


title: Frequency-hopping spread spectrum

paragraphs: Frequency hopping spread spectrum is a method of transmitting data wirelessly, using many different frequencies. After a given time, the transmitter and receiver change the frequency on which they transmit the signal. They do this in a seemingly random way, but both have agreed on the order in which they use the frequencies.

paragraphs: It is one of the technologies generally referred to as Spread spectrum.


title: N.K. Osijek

paragraphs: N.K. Osijek is a football club which plays in Croatia.


title: Nathaniel Lyon

paragraphs: Nathaniel Lyon (July 14, 1818 – August 10, 1861) was the first Union general to be killed in the American Civil War. He died while leading his men at the Battle of Wilson's Creek. He is noted for his military actions in the state of Missouri in 1861.

paragraphs: Lyon was born on July 14, 1818, in Ashford, Connecticut. He was the seventh out of nine children born to Amasa and Kezia Knowlton Lyon. His father was a farmer and also a justice of the peace. He grew up on the family farm. When his older brother died, Lyon became the object of his father's anger. Lyon hated farming and wanted to be like his ancestors who fought in the American Revolutionary War.

paragraphs: On July 1, 1837, Lyon entered the United States Military Academy at West Point. William Tecumseh Sherman, who was a classmate and one year ahead of Lyon, described him as a "lymphatic boy, who didn't seem to have energy enough to make a man." But Lyon thrived at the academy. He graduated in 1841, 11th out of a class of 52. Lyon fought in the Second Seminole War in Florida and in the Mexican-American War. During the War with Mexico, he received several promotions for gallantry under fire at the battles of Mexico City, Contreras, and Churubusco. He was then sent to California where developed a reputation as an Indian fighter. Lyon was next sent to Fort Riley in Kansas. There he began to develop strong support for the Union as a result of the political climate developing in the state.

paragraphs: When the Civil War began on April 12, 1861, the entire state of Missouri was divided between pro-Confederate and pro-Union forces. Through political connections, and even though a Captain, Lyon was given command of the St. Louis arsenal. He sent almost all the gunpowder and weapons to safety in Illinois. The United States Secretary of War, Simon Cameron, had sent a letter to Lyon, the temporary commander of the arsenal, authorizing him to raise more companies of Union soldiers. It was endorsed by President Abraham Lincoln and Lieutenant general Winfield Scott. Lyon then recruited thousands of untrained volunteers from among the German community in St. Louis. Most German immigrants were against slavery which made them unpopular among many of the city's pro-Confederate citizens.

paragraphs: Tensions grew between the Union soldiers stationed there and the secessionist governor of the state, Claiborne Jackson. When the Civil War broke out, Jackson refused to send volunteers from the state to fight for Abraham Lincoln. Instead, the governor had the state militia muster outside the city to begin training in preparation to join the Confederate forces. The governor knew the most important resource in the state was the federal arsenal at St. Louis. Lyon realized what the governor was doing. On May 10, 1861, Lyon and his troops surrounded the pro-Confederate Missouri militia and forced them to surrender. While marching his captured prisoners through St. Louis, pro-Confederate citizens began to riot. When his German volunteers fired into the mob, 28 people were killed. The incident was called the Camp Jackson Affair. On May 17, Lyon was promoted to brigadier general. He was given command of the Union Army of the West.

paragraphs: On June 13, 1861, after failed negotiations with Governor Jackson, Lyon quickly moved his army to attack the pro-confederate forces at Jefferson City, Missouri, the state capital. He moved quickly enough to catch them unprepared. On June 15, the Army of the West occupied Jefferson City. Lyon installed a pro-Union government after Jackson and most of his militia retreated to the southwest corner of Missouri. Lyon moved his army to go after the rebels. On June 17, both sides fought the Battle of Boonville which lasted only about 30 minutes. The Union forces completely routed the pro-confederates. He then lead his troops into a series of skirmishes with the Missouri State Guard and the Confederate Army.

paragraphs: He next moved to Springfield, Missouri where the army camped. On August 10, Lyon's Army of the West was defeated by a combined force of the Missouri Militia and Confederate troops under the command of Benjamin McCulloch near Springfield, Missouri. This was called the first Battle of Wilson’s Creek. Lyon was killed while trying to rally his outnumbered soldiers. However, Lyon’s efforts prevented the State of Missouri from joining the Confederacy.

paragraphs: When the Union army retreated from Wilson's Creek, Lyon's body was mistakenly left behind on the battlefield. Confederate soldiers found him and took his body to Springfield. There he was examined by Dr. Melcher, a surgeon with the Confederate Missouri Militia. The doctor described Lyon:


title: Bolligen

paragraphs: Bolligen is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district of the canton of Berne


title: David Bryan

paragraphs: David Bryan Rashbaum (born February 7, 1962), better known as David Bryan, is the keyboard player of American rock band Bon Jovi. With the band, he has co-written songs and sings backing vocals.

paragraphs: He is also the co-writer of the successful Broadway musical "Memphis". He wrote the music and lyrics. Joe DiPietro wote the book and some lyrics.

paragraphs: "Memphis" played on Broadway from October 18, 2009 to August 5, 2012. The Broadway production won Best Musical in the Live Theatre division of the Golden Icon Awards, as well as four Tony Awards including Best Musical and four Drama Desk Awards. These make "Memphis" the most nominated show on Broadway.

paragraphs: Bryan also co-wrote the musical "The Toxic Avenger", also with Joe DiPietro. The musical made its off-Broadway premiere at New World Stages on April 6, 2009.


title: Sterling Price

paragraphs: Sterling Price (September 20, 1809 – September 29, 1867) was a soldier, lawyer, planter, and politician from the U.S. state of Missouri. He served as a United States Army brigadier general during the Mexican-American War. He was governor of Missouri from 1853 to 1857. During the American Civil War Price was a Major general serving with the Confederate States Army. He is best known for his victories in New Mexico and Chihuahua during the Mexican conflict, and for his defeats at the Battles of Pea Ridge and Westport during the Civil War. Following the war, Price took his remaining troops to Mexico rather than surrender. He tried unsuccessfully to seek service with Emperor Maximilian. He finally returned to Missouri, where he died in poverty and was buried in St. Louis.

paragraphs: Price was born near Farmville, in Prince Edward County, Virginia. His family was of Welsh origin. Price attended Hampden-Sydney College in 1826 and 1827, studying law and working at the courthouse near his home. He was admitted to the Virginia bar and opened a law practice.

paragraphs: In the fall of 1831, Price and his family moved to Fayette, Missouri. A year later, they moved to Keytesville, Missouri, where he ran a hotel and mercantile. On May 14, 1833, he married Martha Head of Randolph County, Missouri. They had seven children, five surviving to adulthood.

paragraphs: During the Mormon War of 1838, Price served as a member of a delegation sent from Chariton County, Missouri to investigate disturbance between Latter Day Saints and anti-Mormon mobs in the western part of the state. He reported the Mormons were not guilty of any offenses. Also, that the charges against them were false. Following the Mormon surrender in November 1838, Missouri governor Lilburn Boggs sent Price and a company of solders to protect the Mormons. Price was elected to the Missouri State House of Representatives from 1836–1838, and again from 1840–1844. He was chosen as its speaker. He was then elected as a Democrat to the 29th United States Congress, serving from March 4, 1845, to August 12, 1846. He resigned from the House to participate in the Mexican-American War.

paragraphs: Price raised the Second Regiment, Missouri Mounted Volunteer Cavalry and was appointed its colonel on August 12, 1846. He marched his regiment under Alexander Doniphan to Santa Fe, where he assumed command of the Territory of New Mexico after Gen. Stephen W. Kearny, departed for California. Price served as military governor of New Mexico, and put down the Taos Revolt, an uprising of Native Americans and Mexicans in January 1847.

paragraphs: President James K. Polk promoted Price to brigadier general of volunteers on July 20, 1847. He was named military governor of Chihuahua that same month. He led 300 men from his Army of the West at the Battle of Santa Cruz de Rosales on March 16, 1848, defeating a Mexican force three times his size. This was the last battle of the war, taking place days after the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo had been ratified by the United States Congress on March 10. Although reprimanded by Secretary of War William L. Marcy and ordered to return with his army to New Mexico, Price was not punished. He was honorably discharged on November 25, 1848, and returned to Missouri as a hero.

paragraphs: Price now became a slave owner, and raised tobacco on the Bowling Green prairie. Popular because of his war service, he was easily elected Governor of Missouri in 1852, serving from 1853 to 1857. During his service as governor, Washington University in St. Louis was established, the state's public school system was restructured, the Missouri State Teachers Association was created, the state's railroad network was expanded, and a state geological survey was created. Although the state legislature passed an act to increase the governor's salary, he refused to accept anything except than the salary when he had been elected. Price became the state's Bank Commissioner from 1857 to 1861. He also secured a rail line through his home county, now forming part of the Norfolk and Western Railway.

paragraphs: When the Civil War began, Price was opposed to Missouri's secession. He was elected presiding officer of the Missouri State Convention on February 28, 1861, which voted against the state leaving the Union. The situation changed drastically, however, when Francis Preston Blair, Jr. and Capt. Nathaniel Lyon seized the state militia's Camp Jackson at St. Louis. Outraged by this, Price sided with the secessionists. Pro-Confederate Governor Claiborne Fox Jackson appointed him to command the newly reformed Missouri State Guard in May 1861. He led his young recruits (who nicknamed him "Old Pap") in a campaign to keep Missouri for the Confederacy. The most famous battle of the conflict was the Battle of Wilson's Creek. This occurred on August 10, 1861. The Missouri State Guard along with Confederate troops under the command of Brigadier General Benjamin McCulloch defeated Union troops in the Union Army of the West, under the command of General Lyon. Lyon was killed in the battle. After this victory, Price's troops launched an offensive into Northern Missouri, where they defeated Federal forces commanded by Colonel James Mulligan at the First Battle of Lexington. However, additional Union troops forced Price and Jackson's men to retreat, leaving most of the state to the Union.

paragraphs: Still operating as a Missouri militia general (rather than as a commissioned Confederate officer), Price was unable to agree with his Wilson's Creek colleague, Brigadier General Benjamin McCulloch, as to how to proceed following the battle. This led to the splitting of what might otherwise have become a sizable Confederate force in the West. Price and McCullough became bitter rivals, leading to the ultimate appointment of Maj. Gen. Earl Van Dorn as overall commander of the Trans-Mississippi district. Van Dorn reunited Price's and McCullough's formations into a force he named the Army of the West, and set out to engage Union troops in Missouri under the command of Brig. Gen. Samuel R. Curtis. Now under Van Dorn's command, Price was commissioned in the Confederate States Army as a major general on March 6, 1862.

paragraphs: Outnumbering Curtis's forces, Van Dorn attacked the Union army at Pea Ridge on March 7–8. Although wounded in the fray, Price pushed Curtis's force back at Elkhorn Tavern on the March 7, only to see the battle lost on the following day after a furious Federal counterattack. Price next crossed the Mississippi River to reinforce Gen. P. G. T. Beauregard's army at Corinth, Mississippi. Price was able to seize the Union supply depot at nearby Iuka, but was driven back by Maj. Gen. William S. Rosecrans at the Battle of Iuka on September 19, 1862. A few weeks later, on October 3–4, Price (under Van Dorn's command once more) was defeated with Van Dorn at the Second Battle of Corinth.

paragraphs: Van Dorn was replaced by Maj. Gen. John C. Pemberton, and Price, who had become thoroughly disgusted with Van Dorn and was eager to return to Missouri, obtained a leave to visit Richmond, the Confederate capital. There, he obtained an audience with Confederate President Jefferson Davis to discuss his grievances, only to find his own loyalty to the South sternly questioned by the Confederate leader. Price only barely managed to secure Davis's permission to return to Missouri. Not at all impressed with the Missourian, Davis pronounced him "the vainest man I ever met."

paragraphs: Price was not finished as a Confederate commander, however. He contested Union control over Arkansas in the summer of 1863, and while he won some of his engagements, he was not able to move Union forces out of the state. In early 1864, Confederate General Edmund Kirby-Smith, in command of the Western Louisiana campaign, ordered General Price in Arkansas to send all of his infantry to Shreveport. Confederate forces in the Indian Territory were to join Price in the endeavor. General John B. Magruder in Texas was instructed to send infantry toward Marshall, Texas, west of Shreveport. General St. John R. Liddell was instructed to proceed from the Ouachita River west toward Natchitoches. With a force of five thousand, Price reached Shreveport on March 24. However, Kirby-Smith detained the division and divided it into two smaller ones. He hesitated to send the men south to fight Union General Nathaniel P. Banks, whom he believed outnumbered the Confederate forces. This decision which drew the opposition of General Richard Taylor. But the western campaign was nearing its conclusion.

paragraphs: Despite his disappointments in Arkansas and Louisiana, Price managed to convince his superiors to permit him to invade Missouri in the fall of 1864. He was hoping to win that state for the Confederacy or at the very least imperil Abraham Lincoln's chances for reelection that year. Confederate General Kirby Smith agreed, though he was forced to detach the infantry brigades originally detailed to Price's force and send them elsewhere. This changed Price's proposed campaign from a full-scale invasion of Missouri to a large cavalry raid. Price gathered 12,000 horsemen for his army, and fourteen pieces of artillery.

paragraphs: The first major engagement in Price's Raid occurred at Pilot Knob, where he successfully captured the Union-held Fort Davidson but he needlessly slaughtered many of his men in the process. It was for a gain that turned out to be of no real value. From Pilot Knob, he swung west, away from St. Louis (his primary objective) and toward Kansas City, Missouri and nearby Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. Forced to bypass his secondary target at heavily fortified Jefferson City, Price cut a swath of destruction across his home state. All the while his army steadily grew smaller due to battlefield losses, disease, and desertion. Price defeated inferior Federal forces at Glasgow, Lexington, the Little Blue River and Independence. But Price was ultimately boxed in by two Northern armies at Westport, in today's Kansas City, and forced to fight against a much larger army. This unequal contest, known afterward as "The Gettysburg of the West", did not go his way, and he was forced to retreat into hostile Kansas. A new series of defeats followed, as Price's battered and broken army was pushed steadily southward towards Arkansas. Then it was pushed further south into Texas, where Price remained until the war ended. Price's Raid would prove to be his last significant military operation, and the last significant Confederate campaign west of the Mississippi.

paragraphs: Instead of surrendering at the war's end, Price led what was left of his army into Mexico. There he wanted the remains of his army to serve the Emperor Maximilian, but was flatly refused. Price became leader of a Confederate exile colony in Carlota, Veracruz, but when the colony proved to be a failure, he returned to Missouri.

paragraphs: While in Mexico Price started having severe intestinal tract problems. These grew worse in August 1866 when he contracted typhoid fever. Impoverished and in poor health, Price died of cholera (or "cholera-like symptoms") in St. Louis, Missouri. The death certificate listed the cause of death as "chronic diarrhea". Price's funeral was held on October 3, 1867 in St. Louis. The funeral procession, with his body carried by a black hearse drawn by six matching black horses, was the largest funeral procession in St. Louis up to that point. He was buried in Bellefontaine Cemetery.