title: East Coast (train company)

paragraphs: East Coast was a government-owned British train operating company. It ran high-speed passenger trains on the East Coast Main Line between London, Yorkshire, the North East and Scotland, being forced to take over after National Express East Coast defaulted on their franchise. It started operations on 14 November 2009. It ended operations on 28 February 2015. They had 45 locomotives and served 53 stations whilst operating 12 of them. The franchise was re-let to Virgin Trains East Coast, ending the period of government ownership, despite contributing a lot of money to the Treasury and calls for the government to retain the franchise.

paragraphs: East Coast paid back over £1 billion to the government over the course of its franchise, more than twice as much as rival Virgin Trains did in the same time period on the West Coast Main Line. However, it used relatively old trains and therefore had much lower leasing costs, as in 2012/13 Virgin paid £302 million for its fleet of trains, while East Coast paid £53 million.

paragraphs: East Coast’s successor, Virgin Trains East Coast pays much more money back to the government than East Coast did: £3.3 billion over 8 years, compared to East Coast’s £1 billion.


title: Pervasive developmental disorder

paragraphs: Pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) are a group of disorders. There are five disorders in the group. These disorders all slow down the rate a child learns to talk and listen to others, as well as cause other problems.

paragraphs: The first three of these disorders are also called autism spectrum disorders. The last two are not common.

paragraphs: A child's parents might begin to notice signs of PDD when the child is a baby, and it usually appears before the child is three years old.


title: Rita Moreno

paragraphs: Rita Moreno (born December 11, 1931) is a Puerto Rican dancer, singer and actress. She is one of the few performers who have won an Emmy, a Grammy, an Oscar, a Golden Globe, and a Tony Award (an EGOT +Globe). In 2014 she was honored with a Screen Actors Guild Award for lifetime achievement.

paragraphs: Moreno had an eight-year-long affair with actor Marlon Brando when he was young. She also dated Elvis Presley.

paragraphs: On June 18, 1965, Moreno married Leonard Gordon. Gordon was a cardiologist and also her manager. He died on June 30, 2010.


title: First Hull Trains

paragraphs: First Hull Trains is a open-access operator running four trains on their single line from London King's Cross to Hull Paragon railway station. The company is made up of First Group (80%) and Renaissance Trains (20%).


title: TransPennine Express

paragraphs: TransPennine Express is a British train operating company. It was formerly jointly owned by First Group (55%) and Keolis (45%). After April 2016, it is fully owned by First Group, which kept the franchise. It runs regular passenger trains in northern England, including trains linking the west and east coasts across the Pennines. TransPennine Express runs three routes which provide rail links for large cities like Edinburgh, Glasgow, Liverpool, Sheffield, Leeds, York and Newcastle. All three routes stop at Manchester Piccadilly and Manchester Airport.


title: Electroconvulsive therapy

paragraphs: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), also called electroshock, is a psychiatric treatment in which seizures are caused by electricity in unconscious patients to treat llness.

paragraphs: The process is completed by placing electrodes on the sides of the patient's head (on either both or just one side) and sending a small electric current through the brain. This lasts for about half a second.

paragraphs: The patient is also made unconscious before the treatment for safety reasons. The therapy without informed consent is medical abuse and Article 18 of the Yogyakarta Principles prohibit to "care" any sexual orientation and gender identity though any therapy including this.


title: Southeastern (train company)

paragraphs: London & South Eastern Railway Limited, trading as Southeastern is a train operating company in southeast England. On 1 April 2006, it became the franchisee for the new Integrated Kent Franchise (IKF), overtaking the publicly owned South Eastern Trains on the former South East Franchise. It serves the commuter routes to south-east London, most of Kent, and parts of East Sussex.


title: Iowa Supreme Court

paragraphs: The Iowa Supreme Court is the highest court in the U.S. state of Iowa. The Court has seven judges called "justices" on it: a Chief Justice and six Associate Justices. The Court normally meets in Des Moines in the Iowa Judicial Branch Building.

paragraphs: In 1846, Iowa was the 29th state to join the United States. Iowa's government is similar to the federal government of the United States. The government of Iowa has three branches: the legislative branch (the Iowa General Assembly), the executive branch (the Governor of Iowa), and the judicial branch (the Iowa Supreme Court).

paragraphs: The Iowa Supreme Court is an appellate court. An appellate court does not have trials, but reviews the decisions of other state courts. The Court does many things:

paragraphs: Justices are appointed – chosen – by the governor from a list of three people chosen by the State Judicial Nominating Commission. A new justice serves a one-year term after appointment and until January 1 after the next judicial retention election. After the election, a justice serves an eight-year term. At the end of a justice's term, there is a retention election – an election to decide if the justice gets another term. A justice must retire at the age of 72. The justices elect the chief justice.

paragraphs: The Chief Justice and two other justices, were not elected in the November 2, 2010 retention election. Governor Branstad appointed Edward Mansfield, Thomas D. Waterman, and Bruce Zager to replace them in February 2011. While waiting for the new justices, the Court chose Justice Cady as the new Chief Justice. In March 2011, the new Court voted for Justice Cady to stay as Chief Justice. There will be a retention election for the new justices in November 2012.


title: Merseyrail

paragraphs: Merseyrail is a British train operating company owned by Serco-Abelio and overseen by Merseytravel. They provides passenger rail services across Merseyside. They run 59 trains serving 67 stations.


title: Northern Rail (Serco-Abellio)

paragraphs: Northern Rail is a British train operating company. It has run local passenger services in Northern England since December 2004. Northern Rail's owner was Serco and Abellio. They run 287 trains to 529 stations. They own 456 of those stations.

paragraphs: In 2016, Serco and Abellio lost the franchise to Arriva, who promised to buy new trains.


title: Stansted Express

paragraphs: Stansted Express is a sub-brand of Greater Anglia. It is the direct train service linking central London (Liverpool Street station) to Stansted Airport, one of London's major airports. Before February 2012, Stansted Express was operated by National Express East Anglia. Until 2004 Stansted Express was part of the WAGN franchise.


title: Nicole Sullivan

paragraphs: Nicole Julianne Sullivan (born April 21, 1970 in Manhattan, New York) is an American actress and comedian. She is best known for doing sitcoms. She acted in the sketch comedy "MADtv" (1995 to 2001) and the CBS sitcom "The King of Queens".


title: Lupe Ontiveros

paragraphs: Lupe Ontiveros (September 17, 1942 - July 26, 2012) was an Mexican-American movie and television actress. Ontiveros acted in a lot of movies and television series. She usually took the role of a maid or a grandmother. Ontiveros has told interviewers that she has played a maid at least 150 times on stage and in movies. She was nominated for an Emmy Award for her role on "Desperate Housewives". She also was given positive reviews for her role in "Chuck and Buck". She won the National Board of Review award for Best Supporting Actress. She was also nominated for an Independent Spirit Award. Ontiveros took the role as Yolanda Saldivar in the 1997 biographical movie "Selena".

paragraphs: Ontiveros was born Guadalupe Moreno in El Paso, Texas, to Mexican immigrant parents.

paragraphs: Ontiveros and her husband, Elías, have three sons. Elías and their sons live in Pico Rivera, California. Lupe Ontiveros died on July 26, 2012. She died of liver cancer. She was 69 years old.


title: Kōhei Uchimura

paragraphs: Kohei Uchimura has won the world championships in gymnastics for three years — 2009, 2010 and 2011.

paragraphs: Uchimura was part of a team which won the team silver medal in gymnastics at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

paragraphs: He also won the gold medal in the Olympic men’s all-around event in gymnastics.


title: Edward James Olmos

paragraphs: Edward James Olmos (born February 24, 1947) is a American actor and movie director. He is best known for his roles in "Battlestar Galactica", "Miami Vice", "Stand and Deliver", "Selena", "Blade Runner" and "Zoot Suit". In 1988, Olmos was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role for the movie "Stand and Deliever".

paragraphs: In 1971, Olmos married Katija Keel. She is the daughter of actor Howard Keel. They had two children but divorced in 1992 and later married actress Lorraine Bracco in 1994. However, they filed for divorce in January 2002. He has four adopted children. In the same year of 1994, he married Puerto Rican actress Lymari Nadal.

paragraphs: In 1996, he was awarded the Doctorate of Fine Arts from California State University. In his honor, Asteroid 5608 Olmos was named after him.


title: Chris Matthews

paragraphs: Chris Matthews (born December 17, 1945 near Philadelphia) is an American news anchor and political commentator. He is known for as the host of his talk show "Hardball with Chris Matthews" on MSNBC. On weekends he hosted the syndicated ABC News program "The Chris Matthews Show".

paragraphs: Matthews went to La Salle College High School. Matthews served in the United States Peace Corps in Swaziland from 1968 to 1970 as a trade development adviser.

paragraphs: Matthews worked with Tip O'Neill, the Speaker of the House. O'Neill, a Democrat, was a political rival of VHS Republican president Ronald Reagan, but the two remained friends, saying that after 6:00 the two could go out for a drink together. Matthews wrote a book about their relationship. The last episode of "The Chris Matthews Show" was shown on July 21 2013. After he wrote a best selling book about politics called Hardball, Matthews joined MSNBC and hosted a show of the same name. Matthews is a moderate Democrat who has supported Republicans before and said that he is "more conservative than people think I am." However, Matthews has been a long time supporter of Barack Obama. In 2004, following a speech by Obama, Matthews said he had "seen the first black president," a prediction which came true four years later. Matthews once stated that Obama gave him a "thrill up his leg." This quote was widely mocked by many people. He has also been critical of Hillary Clinton, and has said that she got her office by her husband's fame and not on her own ability. As of 2015, Matthews hosts "Hardball with Chris Matthews" on the MSNBC cable channel at 5:00PM on weekdays. He is also a political commentator that appears on other shows. Matthews is married to his wife of thirty five years, Kathleen, a businesswoman who is an executive at Marriott. He is a Roman Catholic.


title: Al Sharpton

paragraphs: Alfred Charles "Al" Sharpton Jr. (born October 3, 1954 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American Baptist minister, civil rights activist and television talk show host. He was a candidate for the Democrat nomination for the United States presidential election, 2004. He makes regular guest appearances on Fox News, MSNBC and CNN. In 2011, he was named the host of MSNBC's PoliticsNation, a talk show.


title: Chuck Grassley

paragraphs: Charles Ernest "Chuck" Grassley (born September 17, 1933) is the senior U.S. Senator from Iowa and 91st Senate President pro tempore. He has been Senator since 1981. He was also in the United States House of Representatives from 1975 to 1981. Before that he was in the Iowa state legislature from 1959 to 1974.

paragraphs: In January 2019, Grassley became the most senior Republican serving in the United States Senate due to the retirement of Orrin Hatch and the resignation of Thad Cochran. After the Republicans kept control of the Senate in the 2018 elections, Grassley became the 91st Senate President pro tempore.


title: Khojaly Massacre

paragraphs: The Khojaly Massacre was the murder of hundreds of ethnic Azerbaijani civilians from the town of Khojaly in Azerbaijan on 25–26 February 1992 by the Armenian armed forces with the help of Russian armed forces during the Nagorno-Karabakh War.

paragraphs: 613 people were killed, including 424 men, 106 women and 83 children. The massacre was the largest massacre of the Nagorno-Karabakh War.


title: Kosuke Hagino

paragraphs: He won a bronze medal in the Men's 400m individual medley at the 2012 Summer Olympics. His time of 4:10.01 was an Asian record.


title: Conrad Burns

paragraphs: Conrad Burns (January 25, 1935 – April 28, 2016) was a former United States Senator from the state of Montana. He was a member of the U.S. Republican Party. He was the longest serving Republican Senator in the history of Montana. He was born near Gallatin, Missouri.

paragraphs: Burns died at his home in Billings, Montana on April 28, 2016 from complications of a stroke, aged 81.


title: Pat Boone

paragraphs: Charles Eugene "Pat" Boone (born June 1, 1934 in Jacksonville, Florida) is an American singer, writer and actor. He was a very successful pop musician in the 1950s and 1960s. His many hits were covers of black R&B musicians' songs. At that time black musicians were not played on white radio stations. His daughter Debby is also a singer.

paragraphs: According to "Billboard", Boone was the second biggest charting artist of the late 1950s, behind only Elvis Presley. He is a member of the Gospel Music Hall of Fame.

paragraphs: Boone hosted a half-hour ABC variety television series. There were 115 episodes from 1957 to 1960. Many musical performers, including Edie Adams, Andy Williams, Pearl Bailey and Johnny Mathis were on the show.


title: Hiroaki Hiraoka

paragraphs: He won a silver medal at the 2009 World Judo Championships and bronze medal at the 2010 World Judo Championships.

paragraphs: Hiroka won the silver medal in 2012 Summer Olympics at London, in the men's under 60 kg extra-lightweight judo.


title: Ben Nelson

paragraphs: Earl Benjamin Nelson (better known as Ben Nelson and born May 17, 1941) is a former U.S. Senator from Nebraska and member of United States Democratic Party. Before that he was 37th Governor of Nebraska. He was born in McCook, Nebraska.


title: Tom Harkin

paragraphs: Tom Harkin (born November 19, 1939) is a retired American politician for the Democratic Party. From 1985 to 2015, he served as a junior Senator in Iowa. He also served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1975 to 1985.

paragraphs: Harkin ran for the Democratic nomination for President in 1992, losing to then-Arkansas Governor Bill Clinton.

paragraphs: In 2013 Harkin said he would retire from the Senate after completing his fifth term in 2015.


title: Chuck Hagel

paragraphs: Chuck Hagel ( ; born October 4, 1946) was the 24th Secretary of Defense and the former U.S. Senator from Nebraska. He is a member of the United States Republican Party. He has criticized the Bush Administration on many things, such as the Iraq War.

paragraphs: In October 2014, speaking at a meeting of defense ministers in Peru, Hagel highlighted a report’s findings of the global security threats of climate change and global warming; stating “The loss of glaciers will strain water supplies in several areas of our hemisphere,” and “Destruction and devastation from hurricanes can sow the seeds for instability. Droughts and crop failures can leave millions of people without any lifeline, and trigger waves of mass migration.”

paragraphs: He was confirmed by the United States Senate on February 26, 2012 to become Secretary of Defense during Barack Obama's second term replacing Leon Panetta.

paragraphs: On November 24, 2014, it was announced that Hagel would resign the position of Secretary of Defense due to job stress and decisions on ISIS/ISIL.


title: Nancy Travis

paragraphs: Nancy Travis (born September 21, 1961 in New York City) is a television and movie actress. She is known for her roles in many movies. She has also been in many television sitcoms.

paragraphs: Travis was born in New York City, the daughter of Theresa, a social worker, and Gordon Travis, a sales executive. Travis was raised in Boston, Massachusetts, and Baltimore, Maryland.


title: Naughty by Nature

paragraphs: Naughty by Nature are a Grammy winning rap trio from New Jersey. They formed in 1988, and their songs include "O.P.P." from 1991 (on their own self titled album). Other hit songs by the rap group followed over the years.


title: Quai Branly Museum

paragraphs: The Musée du quai Branly () is a museum in Paris. It is known in English as the Quai Branly Museum, nicknamed MQB. It displays art and culture from indigenous civilisations of Africa, America, Asia and Oceania. Quai Branly opened on 23 June 2006. It holds the collections of the old Musée national des Arts d'Afrique et d'Océanie, which is now closed. It contains 267,000 objects in its permanent collection. Of these, 3500 items are on display.


title: Warlimpirrnga Tjapaltjarri

paragraphs: Warlimpirrnga Tjapaltjarri (; born late 1950s) is an Australian Aboriginal artist. He is one of Australia's most well-known indigenous artists.

paragraphs: Warlimpirrnga was born in the late 1950s. He was born near Lake Mackay, east of where Kiwirrkurra is today. He and his family lived a traditional nomadic way of life on the western side of Lake Mackay. They had never come into contact with European society. Warlimpirrnga's father died when he was a young boy. His mother remarried shortly after. Warlimpirrnga himself married his cousin, Yalti, sometime around 1980. He was a hunter, the family's main provider of food. He hunted with spears, mirru (spear-throwers) and boomerangs.

paragraphs: In 1984, when he was about 25, he finally came into contact people from outside his family. When he saw a white man for the first time, Warlimpirrnga remembers, "I couldn't believe it. I thought he was a devil, a bad spirit. He was the colour of clouds at sunrise." He and his family were settled at Kiwirrkurra. News of this group living nomadically so far into the modern world made headlines internationally.

paragraphs: Warlimpirrnga started painting in 1987. He did paintings for Papunya Tula. He was taught by the other artists at the company. He finished his first painting for them in April 1987. His first public exhibition was in Melbourne, in 1988. It showed eleven of his paintings. The entire collection was bought for the National Gallery of Victoria. He has since become one of central Australia's most well-known artists.

paragraphs: Warlimpirrnga paints abstract images of sacred dreaming stories and songs. The stories focus around the Tingari, the ancestors of the Pintupi, spirit beings who are believed to have created all living things. His stories are about his country and sacred sites like Marruwa and Kanapilya.

paragraphs: His work is held in public collections across Australia, such as in the National Gallery in Canberra, the Art Gallery of New South Wales, and the National Gallery of Victoria. He also has work in galleries overseas, such as the Quai Branly Museum in Paris. In 2012, his work was shown as part of the documenta exhibition in Kassel, Germany. As of 2008, the most one of his paintings has sold for is AU$85,000.


title: Pintupi

paragraphs: Pintupi is an Australian Aboriginal group who are part of the Western Desert cultural group. Their homeland is in the area west of Lake MacDonald and Lake Mackay in Western Australia. This is a very remote part of Australian desert. Because of this, the Pintupi were among the last Aboriginals in Australia to leave their traditional way of life. Most of the Pintupi were displaced (forced to leave) their homeland in the middle the 20th century, because of sti testing being done at Woomera. They were moved into settlements to the east and west of their country, such as Papunya, Balgo, Haasts Bluff and even as far away as Hermannsburg. They ended up scattered into different communities. Within a few years, several hundreds of Pintupi had died from foreign disease and infection. Others had problems with alcoholism and violence – having lived in small groups for most of their lives, they found it hard to deal with conflict.

paragraphs: During the 1960s, the assimilationist policies of the Menzies government had a major effect on the mentality of many Pintupi. Part of the policy led to hundreds of Pintupi children being taken away from their parents and put into missions or foster care (this is now known as the Stolen Generation).

paragraphs: Beginning in the 1970s, there was a strong push within the Pintupi community at Papunya to return to their historical lands. They moved back west in 1981 to set up Kintore ("Waḻungurru"). Further west, Kiwirrkurra was founded in 1983, close to Lake Mackay.

paragraphs: The Pintupi have a complex kinship system, with eight different skin groups. Males and females have different prefixes ("Tj" for males, "N" for females). These names define kinship relationships. They dictate who can marry whom. Although they may be used as terms of address, they are not surnames in the sense used by Europeans.


title: Traditional brick factory

paragraphs: A traditional brick factory is a factory for the manufacturing of bricks from mud by humans. There is no modern equipment. All the work is done by workers.

paragraphs: The oldest discovered bricks were originally made from shaped mud and dating to before 7500 B.C. They were found at Tell Aswad, and then later in the upper Tigris region and in southeast Anatolia close to Diyarbakir. Other more recent findings, dated between 7,000 and 6,395 B.C., come from Jericho and Catal Hüyük. In the ancient Indus Valley city of Mehrgarh, mud bricks have been found dating to 7000 BCE. (Kenoyer 2005) Ceramic bricks were used as early as 4500 BCE in early Indus Valley cities.

paragraphs: Most brickworks have some or all of the following:

paragraphs: In a traditional brickworks, clay is taken from the quarry, and then carried by workers to the yard After the forming or cutting, the bricks must be dried, in the open air, in drying sheds, When the bricks have been dried, they must then be fired or 'burnt' in a kiln, to give them their final hardness and appearance.

paragraphs: There are about 300 traditional brick factories in the suburb of Tehran but most of them closed. Use of the Traditional brick-baking furnace or manually or pressure brick factory is very old in Persia. Persian's most famous ancient brick arch of Anushirvan or Al-Mada'in currently in Iraq. Bricks by hand (pressure) is seven thousand years old, Tehran capital of 220 years, with older homes and historic traditional identity both modern and traditional building are made of traditional bricks. Now, after thousands of years, this custom is coming to an end. Only a few factories are still functioning. Modern factories and modern styles of bricks has substituted the hand bricks.

paragraphs: Traditional brick ovens are baking all over Iran, but the largest organizations manually brick kilns in the past two hundred years has always been around Tehran. Other cities with this kind of factory are Isfahan, Yazd, Ahvaz and Gonabad.

paragraphs: A brick is a block, or a single unit of a ceramic material used in masonry construction, usually stacked together, or laid using various kinds of mortar to hold the bricks together and make a permanent structure. Bricks are typically produced in common or standard sizes in bulk quantities. They have been regarded as one of the longest lasting and strongest building materials used throughout history.

paragraphs: "Bricks" for building may be made from mud. Normally, brick contains the following ingredients:

paragraphs: In modern brickworks, this is usually done in a continuously fired tunnel kiln, in which the bricks move slowly through the kiln on conveyors, rails, or kiln cars to achieve consistency for all bricks. The bricks often have added lime, ash, and organic matter to speed the burning.

paragraphs: In India, brick making is typically a manual process. The most common type of brick kiln in use there are Bull's Trench Kiln (BTK), based on a design developed by British engineer W. Bull in the late 19th century.

paragraphs: An oval or circular trench, 6–9 meters wide, 2-2.5 meters deep, and 100–150 meters in circumference, is dug. A tall exhaust chimney is constructed in the centre. Half or more of the trench is filled with "green" (unfired) bricks which are stacked in an open lattice pattern to allow airflow. The lattice is capped with a roofing layer of finished brick.

paragraphs: In operation, new green bricks, along with roofing bricks, are stacked at one end of the brick pile. Cooled finished bricks are removed from the other end for transport. In the middle the brick workers create a firing zone by dropping fuel (coal, wood, oil, debris, and so on.) through access holes in the roof above the trench.


title: Hester Jonas

paragraphs: Hester Jonas (around 1570 in Monheim am Rhein – December 24, 1635 in Neuss) was a German midwife and cunning woman. She was executed for witchcraft and is known as the so called "Witch of Neuss".

paragraphs: Jonas married the miller Peter Meurer. They moved to Neuss. There she suffered severe epileptic seizures. She worked as a midwife and was familiar with herbalism, particularly mandrake.

paragraphs: In November 1635 (at the age of about 64 years), she was accused of witchcraft. She was arrested, examined and tortured. The mayor of Neuss accused her of having a deal with the devil. A few years back she already had the reputation of being a witch. In the wake of growing public rumours, the authorities were forced to do something. After hearings on November 15 and 22, Jonas denied the charges. On December 19 and 20 she was put on a chair spiked with sharp nails for three hours.

paragraphs: After her torture she confessed falsely. She confessed to having sexual intercourse with a black man named "Hans Beelzebub". She confessed to damaging humans and animals by black magic. On the same night she escaped, but was captured again in a short time. Jonas then said her confession wasn't true, but her resistance was broken after a violent whipping the next day. She again confessed to all charges and the court sentenced her to death by beheading. On December 24 she was beheaded by an executioner. Her body was burnt and the ashes blew away in the wind.

paragraphs: The transcripts are still available in the city archive of Neuss.


title: Papunya Tula

paragraphs: Papunya Tula Artists is a co-operative of Aboriginal Australian artists. It is owned and run by Aboriginal people of the Western Desert. It is famous for its development of the Western Desert art movement – widely referred to as "dot painting" – and is often credited with bringing Aboriginal art to the world's attention. The original group of artists started painting in the town of Papunya, but today the company is based in Alice Springs.

paragraphs: The origins of the company go back to 1971. Geoffrey Bardon, the school teacher at Papunya, taught the children to paint a mural using the classical style of body and sand art. Historically, paintings and designs are made by Aborigines to depict stories and songs about the dreamtime. The co-operative was formed in 1972 by a group of men from Bardon's classes. They painted spiritual designs used in ceremonial art, but using modern instruments (like acrylic paints on canvas).

paragraphs: As this style of art started to become famous, many in the Aboriginal community criticised the artists for revealing too many secrets from their sacred legends. Aborigines of the Western Desert believe that the knowledge of these things is dangerous; usually, a person must be initiated first, and this only happens when they are deemed "ready" by their community. In response, the artists changed or removed all detailed images of sacred symbols. In all works since then, these images have been hidden or left out completely.

paragraphs: In the late 1970s, many of the people at Papunya left and moved back to their traditional lands. But the company continued to grow, and it centralised in Alice Springs. In 1987, the National Gallery of Victoria bought eleven paintings by Warlimpirrnga Tjapaltjarri. As popularity of this style of art continued to grow, so did their value. In 2007, a single painting by Clifford Possum Tjapaltjarri set a record at auction for Aboriginal art. It was bought for £1.03 million, more than twice as much as the previous record-holder.

paragraphs: The first artists, including all of the company's founders, were men. In the early years, the men didn't like women painting. However, there was also a strong desire amongst many of the women to participate. In the 1990s large numbers of them began to create paintings.


title: Ham Tae-yeong

paragraphs: Ham Tae-yeong (1872-1964) was a Korean politician and independence activist. He was the 3rd Vice President of South Korea, from 1952 to 1956.


title: Hippocamp

paragraphs: The hippocamp (also: hippocampe, hippokamp, or hippocampus, pl: hippocampi or hippokampoi) is a sea monster in Greek mythology. The creature has a horse's body and a fish's tail. It was not commonly pictured in Classical Greek art but when it is, it is sometimes ridden by the sea god Nereus or sea nymphs. The hippocamp plays no part in any known mythological tale. The ancients believed it was the adult form of the seahorse. It draws the chariot of Poseidon and other sea divinities in the works of ancient writers and artists.


title: Stronghold 2

paragraphs: Stronghold 2 is a real-time strategy computer game. It was released by Firefly Studios in April 2005.

paragraphs: In the game, players play as a leader of a medieval castle. They must administer the castle in a good way in order to gain experience points. With his available energy, he should develop his food production, industry, civil, or military buildings and defenses. Military units are directly controlled individually or in groups. There are some semi-independent villages, which can be bought with experience points, and will contribute to the player's available energy.

paragraphs: Different play modes are possible, such as Kingmaker, Siege, War Campaign, Peace Campaign, Freeplay, Custom scenario, and Multiplayer.

paragraphs: Stronghold 2 is set within the Middle Ages. The player plays as Sir Matthew Steele, a page for Sir William. The main storyline begins with Barclay, who wants to become the king of the no-king castle. Sir William is the player's closest ally, King who believes him to be a traitor disgraced him, because he mistakenly sieges Lady Seren’s castle, helps a tyrant escape, and accidentally poisons the King. Sir Grey is an elderly man, whose useful life is nearing end, but he still builds small but powerful castles with tall towers and thick walls. Lady Seren originally appears as an enemy, however, Sir Steele learns that she is in fact an ally, and Sir William mistook her for a witch. Sir Edwin is the weakest enemy, he lacks confidence but he is not as pathetic. Olaf Grimtooth is the Viking warlord. Pascal Devereux, better known as "The Hawk" is Sir William's evil brother. His castles are usually built from stone and feature large, powerful gatehouses, so he’s the most difficult enemy. And your mission is to beat them one by one.

paragraphs: You are the page of Sir William. Sir William was captured by Lord Barclay but you helped him to managed escape. Afterwards, Sir William and you ride to a nearby boathouse. Then Sir William will guide you how to develop your economically, and Constable Briggs will guide you how to fight with enemy. At this moment, Olaf Grimtooth led his army to the lands as an aggression, then you beat Olaf, William takes you to lady Seren. Then you have to protect the Edwin, he gives you some land. When you arrive in the country's borderlands, you will see that there are many problems there, and then you should solve the problems one by one. At last, you kill Olaf, then you have to make a choice: Follow The Hawk and The Hammer, or The Lamb and The King.

paragraphs: This story begins with a small and poor castle, and your mission is to rebuild this castle. You should build some wells for the fire, get more food and put out the wolves. Finally, you need to get lots of food in your kitchen for the King’s banquet.

paragraphs: A map editor is provided, which players can use to create new maps. These maps can be shared online.

paragraphs: Metacritic gave the game an average score of 63.

paragraphs: On January 4, 2007, a single player demo was released, including three missions. The demo solved many bugs.


title: Takariya Napaltjarri

paragraphs: Takariya Napaltjarri (born early 1960s) is an Australian Aboriginal artist. She paints for the Papunya Tula artists' co-operative.

paragraphs: Takariya was born in the 1960s near Lake Mackay, in Western Australia. The exact year is not known. She grew up living a traditional, nomadic way of life in the desert. Takariya's mother was named Papalya and her father was named Waku. Her father died not long after she was born. She had an older sister, Topsy, and an older brother, Warlimpirrnga.

paragraphs: Takariya's family lived in isolation in the desert. They had never come into contact with Euro-Australian society. Most of their relatives had been settled into towns on the edges of the desert. The group's leader, Lanti, had decided that they would stay living in the desert. Takariya and her family finally came into contact with some of their relatives in 1984. They were settled at Kiwirrkurra, on the south edge of Lake Mackay. The event was big news at the time, and the family became famously known as "the last nomads". Takariya was in her mid- to late-20s at the time.

paragraphs: Shortly after her family arrived at Kiwirrkurra, Takariya was married to Freddy West Tjakamarra. This was a gesture between the family and the village. They later separated. A few years later, Takariya married another man, named Richard Tjakamarra.

paragraphs: Takariya began painting for the Papunya Tula co-operative in June 1996. Later in the year, she had her first exhibition. It was a group exhibition called "Papunya Women", shown at Utopia Art Gallery in Sydney. In 1997, her work was included in the "Bulada" exhibition at the Art Gallery of New South Wales. She has also painted for Warlayirti Artists at Balgo, where her husband's family lives. Works by Takariya are held in the Art Gallery of New Wales, as well as in collections overseas.

paragraphs: Her paintings are of sacred dreaming stories and songs. They are mostly about the Tingari (the ancestors of the Pintupi). Takariya paints her and her mother's dreaming country. This includes places like Marrapinti, Ngalpurrunya, Ngaminya, Karilwara, Wirrulnga and Marruwa – places that are sacred to her.


title: Glima

paragraphs: Glíma is an Old Norse word meaning glimpse or flash, and is

paragraphs: the name of the Scandinavian martial arts system used by the Vikings

paragraphs: Glima as a self-defence system contains throws, blows, kicks, chokes,

paragraphs: locks, and pain techniques, and is comparable with the best complete

paragraphs: martial arts systems from around the world. Glima as self-defence was

paragraphs: the foundation for the Viking warrior, and these techniques are still

paragraphs: practiced in Scandinavia, Europe, North America and South America.

paragraphs: Glima as a sport is often called Viking wrestling and covers several types of Scandinavian folk wrestling: Lausatök, Brokartök and Hryggspenna. Lausatök (Loose-grip or Free-grip) is the most wide spread form of glima practiced in Norway. It is quite aggressive form of wrestling where the match the winner is considered the one who is standing up while the opponent is lying on the ground. Hryggspenna (Backhold) is a form of wrestling where the opponents take hold of each other's

paragraphs: upper body with a grip around the back; whoever touches the ground with any part of the body except

paragraphs: the feet has lost. Brokartök (Trouser-grip) the most widespread in Iceland and Sweden. In this type of Glima, the wrestlers hold each others trousers by the waistline, or by a special Brokartök glima belt, then attempts to trip and throw their opponent.

paragraphs: Christian priests regarded Glima as a pagan activity and tried to eliminate it when Scandinavia, became Christian. The people of Scandinavia however thought it good for physical and moral development and continued to practice the sport. Brokartök glima has been the national sport of Iceland for over 100 years.


title: The Surgeon

paragraphs: The Surgeon is a 1995 horror film directed by Carl Schenkel. The plot involves a small boy who witnesses his brother being killed in surgery, and grows up to become a monster with a scalpel. The film stars Isabel Glasser, Peter Boyle, Malcolm McDowell and Charles Dance. Originally titled "Exquisite Tenderness", the film was released in Spain in 1995. Some of the footage was shot in Canada. It made about 10,000,000 in profit. It also came out in the United Kingdom and Germany.


title: Bohr model

paragraphs: In quantum mechanics, a branch of physics, the Bohr model is the model of the atom proposed by Niels Bohr. Bohr's model is useful only when discussing the behavior of a hydrogen atom. Bohr's model is extremely useful in describing the hydrogen emission spectrum.

paragraphs: The Bohr model says that the angular momentum of an electron within a hydrogen atom can only be integer multiples of a certain number.

paragraphs: Where "h" is Planck's constant, π is pi, and "n" is the multiples (1,2,3...). This formula says that an electron will only be found on the energy levels predicted by the formula, and not anywhere in between. This means that if an electron jumps from one energy level to the next, it will never be in between energy levels, but will instantaneously be transported from one level to the other.

paragraphs: Bohr's model is also useful because it explains the cause of light. Bohr agreed with classical theory that light has a wave-particle duality (meaning that it is made of both electromagnetic waves and particles called photons), but he said that light was given off when an electron in a hydrogen atom jumps from a higher energy level to a lower one. Basically, if an electron with "x" amount of energy goes to a lower state of energy and loses "y" energy, then a photon with energy "y" is emitted by the atom and either becomes light or some other form of radiation.


title: Matter wave

paragraphs: In quantum mechanics, a branch of physics, a matter wave is when you think of matter as a wave. The concept of matter waves was first introduced by Louis de Broglie. Matter waves are hard to visualize, because we are used to thinking of matter as a physical object. De Broglie revolutionized quantum mechanics by producing the equation for matter waves.

paragraphs: As experiments on light revealed that photons possessed both wavelike and particular properties, they were considered at the time to have a dual nature as both particles and waves. De Broglie showed that matter might exhibit such a 'wave-particle duality' as well. Basing his formula on earlier formulas, he arrived at the equation below.

paragraphs: Where λ is the wavelength of the object, "h" is Planck's constant, "m" is the mass of the object, and "v" is the velocity of the object. An alternate and also correct version of this formula is

paragraphs: Where "p" is the momentum. (Momentum is equal to mass times velocity). These equations merely say that matter exhibits a particle-like nature in some circumstances, and a wave-like characteristic at other times. Erwin Schrödinger created an advanced equation based on this formula and the Bohr model, known as the Schrödinger equation.


title: Matt Hughes

paragraphs: Matthew Allen Hughes (born December 13, 1978 in Hillsboro, Illinois) is a retired American mixed martial artist. Hughes is a former two-time UFC Welterweight Champion and UFC Hall of Famer. He put together two separate six-fight winning streaks. He defeated all the available opposition in his weight class. He defeated six former UFC Champions. Hughes also was the coach for the reality shows "The Ultimate Fighter 2" and "The Ultimate Fighter 6". He was the host of "Trophy Hunters TV".

paragraphs: On June 16, 2017, Hughes was hospitalized with a serious head injury after a train struck the passenger side of his truck at a crossing near his home in Montgomery County, Illinois.


title: Niki Taylor

paragraphs: Niki Taylor (born March 5, 1975 in Fort Lauderdale, Florida) is an American model and was shown on multiple magazine covers, such as "Sports Illustrated". She is also associated with cosmetics, including but not limited to CoverGirl. In 2001, she was almost killed because of a car accident, but has continued to model in spite of that accident.


title: Female sexual arousal disorder

paragraphs: Female sexual arousal disorder is condition where a woman has a hard time getting aroused sexually. or to maintain this arousal, until after sexual intercourse.

paragraphs: Many women experience problems with sexual function at some point in their lives. Female sexual dysfunction can occur at all stages of life, and it may be ongoing or happen only once in a while.

paragraphs: You may experience more than one type of female sexual dysfunction. Types include:

paragraphs: Low sexual desire. You have diminished libido, or lack of sex drive.

paragraphs: Sexual arousal disorder. Your desire for sex might be intact, but you have difficulty or are unable to become aroused or maintain arousal during sexual activity.

paragraphs: Orgasmic disorder. You have persistent or recurrent difficulty in achieving orgasm after sufficient sexual arousal and ongoing stimulation.

paragraphs: Sexual pain disorder. You have pain associated with sexual stimulation or vaginal contact.


title: Masashi Ebinuma

paragraphs: In 2011, Ebunuma won the World Championship for his judo weight class.

paragraphs: Ebinuma won the bronze medal in the men’s 66 kg judo category during the 2012 Summer Olympics.


title: Topsy Napaltjarri

paragraphs: Topsy Gibson Napaltjarri is an Australian Aboriginal artist.

paragraphs: Topsy was born around 1950, in the Gibson Desert. She was born at Wirrulnga, a rockhole near what is now Kiwirrkurra, in Western Australia. She was the first child of Papalya and Waku. She grew up living in the desert, living a traditional hunter-gatherer way of life on the western side of Lake Mackay. Her family had no contact with the modern world and had never seen White people. When she was about 13, she married a man named Tommy Tjakamarra. She left her family and went with Tommy to go and live at Mount Doreen, northwest of Yuendumu. This was her first encounter with modern, Euro-Australian society. Her family was left behind in the desert and did not come out until 1984.

paragraphs: Topsy and Tommy lived at Papunya for a few years, but they later separated. Topsy remarried, to a man named Tony Tjakamarra, and she moved west with him to Balgo. They moved to Kiwirrkurra in 1984, not long after it was founded. She has two daughters, Yalamay (born 1973) and Lynette (born 1976), and one son.

paragraphs: Topsy began painting in 1996, with her sister Takariya. Her younger brother, Warlimpirrnga, had been painting since 1987 and was already famous as an artist. She was first represented by Warlayirti Artists, the art co-operative at Balgo.


title: Brett Butler

paragraphs: Brett Butler (born January 30, 1958) is an American actress and stand-up comedian. She is best known for playing Grace in the sitcom "Grace Under Fire". She has also done other television programs and comedy acts.

paragraphs: Butler published "Knee Deep in Paradise" in 1996. The book tells about her life before her successful television program.


title: Nicola Porpora

paragraphs: Nicola (Antonio) Porpora (or Niccolò Porpora) (17 August 1686 – 3 March 1768) was a composer and a very famous singing teacher from Italy. He composed more than 40 operas. He also composed cantatas, oratorios, sonatas for violin, and church music. Some of the famous people who studied singing and music with Porpora were the poet Pietro Metastasio, the composer Joseph Haydn, Princess Maria Antonia of Bavaria, and the castrato singers, Farinelli and Caffarelli.

paragraphs: Porpora was born in Naples. His father, Carlo Porpora, owned a book shop. When he was ten years old, Porpora began to study music at a famous music school in Naples called the . He studied there for ten years. He composed his first opera, "Agrippina", when he was 22 years old. It was about Agrippina the Younger, the mother of the Roman Emperor, Nero. "Agrippina" was first performed in 1708 at the Royal Palace in Naples.

paragraphs: At first, Porpora worked mostly in Naples, composing music and teaching singing. In 1726 he went to live in Venice where he taught singing and composed many operas. He lived in Venice for many years. During his life he also worked in Vienna, Dresden, and London. He went back to Naples to work two or three times. The last time was in 1758. He stayed in Naples for the rest of his life. He was a teacher at two music schools there, the and the .

paragraphs: He wrote his last opera in 1760. It was called (Camilla's Triumph). It was performed at the Teatro di San Carlo in Naples, but it was not a success. He retired from teaching in 1761. In the last years of his life, he had very little money. Porpora died in 1768. He was 81 years old. He is buried in the Church of "Ecce Homo" in Naples. Many singers and musicians performed at his funeral.

paragraphs: There are several modern recordings of Porpora's music, especially his sonatas for violin and his church music. There is also a recording of arias from six of his operas. They are performed by the soprano, Karina Gauvin and the orchestra, conducted by Alan Curtis.


title: Hermannsburg, Northern Territory

paragraphs: Hermannsburg is an Aboriginal community in the Northern Territory of Australia. It is about southwest of Alice Springs. It is known in the local Arrernte language as Ntaria.

paragraphs: In the 2006 census, Hermannsburg had a population of 559. It was established as a Lutheran mission in 1877 by two missionaries from Germany. They named their new mission after Hermannsburg in Germany where they had trained. The missionaries left in 1891, but people still lived at the settlement. The mission land was given over to traditional ownership in 1982.

paragraphs: The famous painter Albert Namatjira was born at Hermannsburg in 1902. He painted landscapes in Western-style watercolours. Painting in this style came to be known as the Hermannsburg School of painting.


title: Kiwirrkurra Community, Western Australia

paragraphs: Kiwirrkura (also spelled Kiwirrkurra) is a small community in Western Australia, near to Lake Mackay. It is 850 km west of Alice Springs. It has been said to be the most remote community in Australia. It was established by Pintupi people as an outstation in the early 1980s. It became a permanent settlement in 1983. It was one of the last areas with nomadic, hunter-gatherer Aboriginals; the last group were settled here in 1984.

paragraphs: The town was evacuated in March 2001 because of serious floods. The population (about 170 people) were first moved to Kintore, then to Alice Springs and then finally to the Goldfields of Western Australia, over south of Kiwirrkurra. At Alice Springs, the people drunk alcohol for the first time. This led to major conflicts and violence. The community moved back to Kiwirrkurra in late 2002. Though they had been evacuated and living in other places at the time, the Kiwirrkurra people gained native title over the area on 19 October 2001. The title covered of the land and waters around the town.


title: Karl Rove

paragraphs: Karl "Ham" Rove (born December 25, 1950 in Denver) is an American political consultant and a policy advisor. He was Deputy Chief of Staff under President George W. Bush. Rove is also a Fox News contributor and columnist for the Wall Street Journal.


title: Ann-Margret

paragraphs: Ann-Margret Olssen (born April 28, 1941 in Valsjobyn, Sweden, more often known as just Ann-Margret) is a television and movie actress. She has won five Golden Globe Awards for her many performances. Her movies include "The Cincinnati Kid" and "Carnal Knowledge".

paragraphs: From 1967 until his death in 2017, she was married to actor Roger Smith.


title: Annie Potts

paragraphs: Annie Potts (born 28 October 1952 in Nashville) is an American television, movie and voice actress. She starred in the two "Ghostbusters" movies and the first two "Toy Story" movies. She is best known for playing Mary in the CBS sitcom "Designing Women" and as Sheldon's MeeMaw in "Young Sheldon". She also performed in other movies.


title: La Vita Nuova

paragraphs: La Vita Nuova or Vita Nova (in English: "The New Life") is a book written by Dante Alighieri in 1295. It is an expression of the medieval courtly love and it is written in a "prosimetrum" style, a combination of both prose and verse. It tells the story of his love for Beatrice Portinari, who also served as the ultimate symbol of salvation in "The Divine Comedy".


title: Caribbean Netherlands

paragraphs: The Caribbean Netherlands () is the part of the Netherlands that is in the Caribbean. The rest of the country is in Europe. The Caribbean Netherlands is made up of three special municipalities ('): the islands of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba. They are also called the BES islands.

paragraphs: The Caribbean Netherlands does not include the other Dutch countries in the Caribbean (Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten). Those are three of the four countries that make up the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The fourth country is the Netherlands proper. The islands of the Caribbean Netherlands are fully part of the Netherlands proper. They were made a part of the Netherlands when the Netherlands Antilles was dissolved (broken apart) on 10 October 2010.

paragraphs: Although the islands are now part of the Netherlands, they are not yet part of the European Union. They will instead remain overseas territories until at least 2015. They are different to other municipalities in the Netherlands. Unlike normal municipalities, they do not form part of a Dutch province.

paragraphs: Bonaire is located east of Aruba and Curaçao, close to the coast of Venezuela. Sint Eustatius and Saba are located south of Sint Maarten and northwest of Saint Kitts and Nevis. The BES islands have a total population of 21,000 and a total area of .


title: Isabella Rossellini

paragraphs: Isabella Rossellini (born June 18, 1952) is an Italian-American actress and writer. She has performed in many movies. She has written a lot of books. She is also a philanthropist.

paragraphs: Rossellini is the daughter of Swedish actress Ingrid Bergman and Italian director Roberto Rossellini.

paragraphs: Rossellini received a 1987 Independent Spirit Award for Best Female Lead for her role in "Blue Velvet". In 1997, she received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Performance by an Actress in a Mini-Series or Motion Picture Made for TV for her role in "Crime of the Century". She received an Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series for her work on the television series "Chicago Hope". Also in 1997, Rossellini was awarded The George Eastman Award. In 1998, she received an Honourable Mention at the 48th Berlin International Film Festival for her role in the movie "Left Luggage".

paragraphs: Rossellini has dual United States and Italian citizenship.

paragraphs: She was married to Martin Scorsese from 1979 to 1982. After her marriage to Scorsese ended, she married Jon Wiedemann (1983–1986). He is a Harvard-educated model from Texas. Later, she dated David Lynch, Gary Oldman, and Gregory Mosher.

paragraphs: She has a daughter, Elettra Rossellini Wiedemann (born 1983), and an adopted son, Roberto (born 1992).


title: Alfa Romeo 146

paragraphs: The Alfa Romeo 146 is an automobile produced by Alfa Romeo. It replaced the Alfa Romeo 33 in 1995, and was replaced by the Alfa Romeo 147 in 2000.


title: Alfa Romeo 166

paragraphs: The Alfa Romeo 166 is a automobile produced by Alfa Romeo. It replaced the Alfa Romeo 164 in 1998, and were produced until 2007.


title: Yoshiaki Oiwa

paragraphs: In the 2012 Olympics at London, he ranked first after dressage in the three-day eventing competition. He made history as the first Asian rider to lead any four-star three-day event after dressage.


title: Bose Corporation

paragraphs: Bose Corporation is a company that makes speakers and audio products. It is based in Framingham, Massachusetts in the United States. Bose Corporation was founded by Dr. Amar Bose, a sound engineer.


title: Vocational Independence Program

paragraphs: Vocational Independence Program or VIP was one of only 10 postsecondary schools in the United States that is known by the U.S. Department of Education as a Comprehensive Transition and Postsecondary (CTP) program for students with an intellectual disability. In order to be accepted into the VIP program, students must be enrolled in the summer program and the interconnected program is for students 16 to 22 with special needs and provides job training and coursework in independent living, social and academic skills. Any student admitted to the VIP program must be at least 18 years of age. The IQ scores of these students are 70-143. The program was ended in June 2020 because of the COVID-19 pandemic.


title: Kaori Matsumoto

paragraphs: Matsumoto won the gold medal in the lightweight (57 kg) division at the 2010 World Judo Championships.

paragraphs: She won gold at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the Women's 57 kg category.


title: Ren Hayakawa

paragraphs: Hayakawa was part of a team which won the bronze medal in women's archery at the 2012 Summer Olympics. Hayakawa shot her arrow into the 10-point area in her final shot of the match.

paragraphs: This was Japan's first Olympic medal in any team archery event.


title: The Spoiler

paragraphs: The Spoiler is a novel written by journalist Annalena McAfee. It is about two women who work at a newspaper. It was published in the United States on April 10, 2012.


title: Annalena McAfee

paragraphs: Annalena McAfee is a British writer, journalist and was the editor of "The Guardian's" literary supplement, the "Guardian Review" until July 2006. She has written children's books. Some of them have been translated into French, German and Dutch. McAfee is also the editor of a collection of literary profiles from "The Guardian".

paragraphs: She married the British novelist Ian McEwan in 1997.


title: Steven Seagal

paragraphs: Steven Frederic Seagal (born April 10, 1952) is an American movie actor, producer, writer, martial artist, guitarist and reserve deputy sheriff.

paragraphs: Seagal began his adult life as an Aikido instructor in Japan. He became the first foreigner to have an Aikido dojo in Japan.

paragraphs: He later moved to Los Angeles, California. There he made several movies. "Under Siege" (1992) brought him the most fame. He made several studio movies that were not successful. He then made many direct-to-video movies. These were usually low budget and shot in Europe or Asia.

paragraphs: In 2009 the A&E Network began showing his reality show "". This show focuses on his work as a deputy sheriff. In 2011, Steven Seagal produced and starred in a 13 episode television series called "True Justice".

paragraphs: From 1996 to 2010, multiple women have accused Seagal of sexual harassment or assault.

paragraphs: Seagal is known as an environmentalist, an animal rights activist and as a supporter of the 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso.

paragraphs: He is also known for his outspoken support of Vladimir Putin. Seagal once called Putin as "one of the great living world leaders". He was granted Russian citizenship in 2016. In 2018, the Russian foreign ministry announced that Seagal was appointed as a special envoy to improve ties with the United States.

paragraphs: Seagal owns a dude ranch in Colorado and a home in Brentwood. He has adopted many animals from shelters. Seagal is a Buddhist.

paragraphs: Seagal has seven children from four relationships.

paragraphs: In Japan Seagal married his first wife, Miyako Fujitani. They had a son and daughter. The daughter is actress and writer Ayako Fujitani.

paragraphs: In the United States he married former "Days of our Lives" actress Adrienne La Russa. During this marriage, he began a relationship with Kelly LeBrock. LeBrock became pregnant. He then ended the marriage with La Russa and married LeBrock. They had 3 children. During his marriage to LeBrock, Seagal was having a relationship with their nanny, Arissa Wolf. She had a daughter.

paragraphs: Seagal is currently married to Erdenetuya Batsukh, called Elle. They have a son. Elle is from Mongolia.

paragraphs: In addition to his biological children he is the guardian to a Tibetan child, Yabshi Pan Rinzinwangmo.


title: Mitsubishi Grandis

paragraphs: The Mitsubishi Grandis is a automobile produced by Mitsubishi Motors. It replaced the Mitsubishi Space Wagon in 2003. It was sold in Japan, Asia, Europe, Oceania, Mexico, Honduras, Jamaica, and South America.

paragraphs: It won the Best MPV award at the "Bangkok International Motor Show" from 2005 to 2010.


title: Il Canto degli Italiani

paragraphs: Il Canto degli Italiani ("The Song of the Italians") also known as Inno di Mameli ("Mameli's Hymne", from the name of the author) and Fratelli d'Italia ("Borthers of Italy", from the incipit) is the Italian national anthem.

paragraphs: The text was written by Goffredo Mameli in the autumn of 1847 in Genoa when he was 20-years-old. The words were later set to music by Michele Novaro in the same year. The hymn was successful during the Risorgimento because hopes in the unification of the Italy.

paragraphs: After the unification (1861), however, was adopted the "Marcia Reale", Savoy's official anthem. "Il Canto degli Italiani" became anthem of Italy after 1946, when Italy became repubblic.


title: Shannon Lucid

paragraphs: Dr. Shannon Lucid (born 1943) is a biochemist and a retired NASA astronaut. At one time she had the longest duration in space for an American astronaut. She has flown in space five times. This includes a long mission on the Mir space station.

paragraphs: Lucid was born in Shanghai, China. She grew up in Bethany, Oklahoma. She attended the University of Oklahoma.

paragraphs: Lucid was awarded the Congressional Space Medal of Honor in December 1996. She is the tenth person and first woman to be given that honor. In 1993 she was inducted into the Oklahoma Women's Hall of Fame.

paragraphs: On January 31, 2012, Lucid said she was retired from NASA.


title: Hiromi Miyake

paragraphs: In July 2012, Miyake won the silver medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the 48 kg category.


title: Jacob Wukie

paragraphs: Jacob Wukie (born May 11, 1986) is an American athlete. He is best known as an archer who competed in the Summer Olympic Games.

paragraphs: At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he was part of the men's archery team that won a silver medal.


title: County-equivalent

paragraphs: A county-equivalent in the United States is a type of area that is not inside any county. The county-equivalents are defined by the federal government. They are used for administrative and statistical reasons.

paragraphs: As of the 2000 census there were 3,141 county-equivalents in the United States. The number went down to 3,140 in 2001. That is because the city of Clifton Forge, Virginia changed from being a city to being a town.

paragraphs: There are three types of county-equivalents.

paragraphs: The first type of county-equivalent is an area of a state which is similar to a county.

paragraphs: The second type of county-equivalent is a city that is not inside any county.

paragraphs: The third type of county-equivalent is an area that doesn't have any county-level government and the United States Census Bureau decides to treat it as a county-equivalent.


title: Thandie Newton

paragraphs: Melanie Thandiwe Newton (; born 6 November 1972) is a British actress. She has performed in numerous British and American movies, including "The Pursuit of Happyness" and "". She was born in London to a black Zimbabwean mother and white British father. She grew up in Africa, London and Penzance.

paragraphs: Newton says that director John Duigan made her have a relationship with him. She was sixteen years old and he was 39. The relationship lasted 6 years.

paragraphs: She married English writer/director/producer Ol Parker in 1998. The couple have two daughters: Ripley, born in 2000, and Nico, born in 2004. Her daughters are named after the character Ellen Ripley in the "Alien" movies and the singer Nico.


title: Jenna Elfman

paragraphs: Jennifer Mary "Jenna" Elfman (born September 30, 1971, Los Angeles) is an American movie and television actress. She is highly known for her role as Dharma in the television sitcom "Dharma & Greg"

paragraphs: She began taking ballet class at the age of five and became a classically trained ballet dancer. She attended high school at the Los Angeles County High School for the Arts (LACHSA). She then attended college at California State University, Northridge (CSUN)

paragraphs: Elfman began her professional career as a dancer. She appeared in the music video for "Halo", a song by Depeche Mode.She also danced in the video for Chris Isaak's 1995 single "Somebody's Crying". She toured with the rock band ZZ Top on their 1994 World Tour.

paragraphs: She was in a number of national television commercials. Her first television program role was on the short-lived 1996 American sitcom called "Townies". This role led to her part in "Dharma & Greg".

paragraphs: Elfman met her husband, actor Bodhi Elfman, at a Sprite commercial audition in February 1991. They married on February 18, 1995.

paragraphs: On July 23, 2007, Elfman's first child, a son, Story Elias, was born in Los Angeles. On September 16, 2009, Elfman said she was expecting her second child. On March 2, 2010, their son Easton Quinn Monroe was born.


title: Joey Lawrence

paragraphs: Joseph "Joey" Lawrence (born Joseph Lawrence Mignogna Jr., April 20, 1976 in Philadelphia) is an American actor and R&B singer. He is best known for his character roles in the television series "Gimme a Break", "Blossom" and "Melissa & Joey". Other television series include the hit show "Brotherly Love". He has also acted in several movies.

paragraphs: He has two younger brothers, Matthew and Andrew, who are also actors.

paragraphs: He attended the University of Southern California.

paragraphs: Lawrence's first acting role was in a Cracker Jack commercial. At the age of five, he appeared on "The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson". He sang the song "Give My Regards to Broadway".

paragraphs: Lawrence married Michelle Vella in 2002. The couple divorced in 2005. He met his second wife, Chandie Yawn-Nelson, while on vacation in Disney World when the two were teenagers. They married there 13 years later, in July 2005. The couple have two daughters, Charleston (born 2006) and Liberty Grace (born March 2010).


title: Showa Women's University

paragraphs: Showa Women's University is a private university for women in Sangenjaya, Setagaya Ward in Tokyo, Japan. SWU was founded in 1920 and re-established in 1949. The university shares a campus with a graduate school, a high school, a junior high school, an elementary school and a nursery school. Showa's founder, Enkichi Hitomi, was influenced by the educational ideas of Lev Tolstoy.

paragraphs: Showa Women’s University as we know it today is a women’s private university. It was opened in 1920 and was named ‘Japan Women’s Institute’. The ‘Institute’ as it was known at that time, was founded by Mr. Hitomi Enkichi, whose educational ideas were influenced by the infamous Lev Tolstoy. The Institute was in the Bunkyo Ward of Tokyo. In 1922, the school changed its name from ‘Japan Women’s Institute’ to ‘Japan Women’s College’. They had moved location from Bunkyo Ward in Tokyo to its present location in Taishido, Setagaya Ward, in Tokyo. In 1949, the College had changed its name one final time from ‘Japan Women’s College’ to ‘Showa Women’s University’ as they are known today. Showa Women’s University has been offering excellent educational opportunities from Kindergarten to Graduate School.

paragraphs: Department of Japanese Language & Literature

paragraphs: The 3 fields of Japanese studies include Japanese Literature, Japanese Language and Teaching Japanese as a Foreign Language.

paragraphs: Department of English Language and Communication

paragraphs: Students have the opportunity to work on their English skills by studying abroad at Showa Boston Institute of Language and Culture in Boston, Massachusetts.

paragraphs: Students study and compare history and culture between Japan and the rest of the world.

paragraphs: Students learn and study global issues while attaining fluency in both English and other foreign languages.

paragraphs: Students investigate and study the social groups in human society using history, economics, geography, law, psychology and international relations.

paragraphs: Students use scientific processes to study both human and animal behavior, with the object of understanding why living beings behave as they do.

paragraphs: Students may choose from 3 courses that include Social Work, Welfare Career and Parenting Support.

paragraphs: Students learn social sciences including subjects such as literature, languages, philosophy, history, mathematics, and science.

paragraphs: Students learn to become educators and obtain multiple licenses allowing them to teach nursery school, kindergarten and elementary school.

paragraphs: Students learn a wide variety of professional careers that include community service, education, business, government and industry. From these careers, finds ways of improving life for individuals and/or families to live and function in society. Furthermore, students also study the management of resources, human goals and needs for family relationships, working environments, human development, living environments, food and apparel.

paragraphs: Department of Human Environmental Science and Design

paragraphs: Students study more in depth the following four fields including costume design management, product design, design production and architecture interior design.

paragraphs: Students learn the health science] and can choose to specialize in either exercise, perception or food science.

paragraphs: Students study food science which is the chemical, biological, and physical nature of food components – and the technology to bring good, healthy food from the farm to the table. Nutrition is where students study various foods chemistry, ways of cooking and eating well so they can prescribe diets for both health and disease.

paragraphs: Is a two-year college program aimed at offering students academic, professional and vocational training and education. An Associate’s Degree is the highest certificate offered at the Junior College level. Students may opt to transfer their Junior College credits to a four year college or university.

paragraphs: Students learn the differences and similarities of English and Japanese cultures using television, film, theatre, music and art history.

paragraphs: The Showa Women’s University Hitomi Memorial Hall on the university campus is famous for its great acoustics. Many classical concerts with many famous conductors have used this now famous concert hall. In 1986, the Suntory Hall at Akasaka opened in central Tokyo causing a slight decrease in the number of concerts in the Hitomi Memorial Hall. It is still used for concerts for the public still.

paragraphs: This education center offers students teacher training programs, foreign language studies and liberal arts.

paragraphs: This consists of the Doctoral and Master of Arts programs that consists of 12 subjects including Department of Japanese Language and Literature, Department of English and American Literature,

paragraphs: Department of Language Educational Communication, Graduate School of Human Life Sciences, Department of Human Science and Culture, Department of Psychology, Department of Welfare Society, Department of Education, Department of Environmental Design, Department of Human Science and Design, and Department of Human Life Science and Culture.

paragraphs: Showa Junior & Senior High School is included in the Showa School network and was established in 1922. Students study for 6 years. This school is in Taishido, Setagaya Ward in Tokyo. Currently, approximately 44.2%, or 100 students, enter the Showa Women’s University after graduating from Showa Junior & Senior High School.

paragraphs: Showa Elementary was established in 1953. This is a coed elementary school. About 75% of the girls that complete Showa Elementary School enter Showa Junior & Senior High School.

paragraphs: Showa Kindergarten was established in 1951. Children here learn English, science, and arts. Most students from the kindergarten enter Showa Elementary School.

paragraphs: Showa Women’s University has numerous programs to study abroad in the USA and around the world. Showa Women’s University places a heavy emphasis on study-abroad programs because of the growing demand for global communications and business. Many students are currently involved in these exchange programs.

paragraphs: Showa Boston Institute for Language and Culture in Massachusetts opened in 1988 and is a key campus in our study abroad program. Because of Boston’s rich academic, culture and history, it helps in the cultural experience the students. Over 700 students travel to the Boston campus to experience the school and its culture every year. Showa was recognized by the Foreign Minister in 2010 for this ongoing effort. The Japanese students learn English and about American culture while experiencing schooling in an American school environment. English majors spend up to three (3) semesters there. For Nutrition, Teaching Japanese and Early Elementary Education there is a specialized two-week program.

paragraphs: There is a 15 week program that focuses mainly on English. Students can learn about American society and culture by experiencing their community learning and field work.

paragraphs: There is also a one-month Summer Session during their summer break that gives students one (1) choice out of seven (7) programs to choose from based on their interest.

paragraphs: American Culture, Volunteer, American Food and Culture, Museum, Education, Psychology, Business English


title: The Spinners

paragraphs: The Spinners is a Detroit-based R&B club. They have had many hit records and singles since the late 1960s. Some people in the group have died, though this group continues touring and making records.

paragraphs: The band is also sometimes called the Detroit Spinners, or Motown Spinners. These group names were used in the UK to avoid confusion with a British folk group also called The Spinners.


Angel on My Shoulder


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title: The Pointer Sisters

paragraphs: The Pointer Sisters are an American R&B girl group. They were founded in 1969 and are based out of Oakland, California who first achieved mainstream success in the 1970s and 1980s. Their genres are bebop, disco, blues, country and rock. The group were a duo when they started, though they became trio, then a quartet in the later years. The Pointer Sisters had their greatest and highest success in the 1980s. They are best-known for a song called "I'm So Excited".


title: Kerri Strug

paragraphs: Kerri Allyson Strug (b. November 19, 1977 in Tucson, Arizona) is a retired American gymnast. She won a gold medal in the 1996 Summer Olympics. She is remembered for performing the vault despite hurting her ankle.


title: Kim Zmeskal

paragraphs: Kim Zmeskal (born February 6, 1976 in Houston) is a retired gymnast. She went up against Shannon Miller during the 1992 Summer Olympics but was beaten.

paragraphs: Zmeskal retired from gymnastics in 2000.


title: Jamie Salé

paragraphs: Jamie Rae Salé (born near Edmonton, Alberta, April 21, 1977) is a Canadian pair skater. She and David Pelletier won a gold medal in the 2002 Winter Olympics. The gold medal, however, was shared by a Russian pair skating couple after a figure skating scandal hit through the Olympics.

paragraphs: Salé was born in Calgary, Alberta. She competed first as a singles skater. She and Jason Turner placed 12th at the Lillehammer Olympics.

paragraphs: After the 2002 win, the pair has turned professional and are now touring North America with Stars on Ice, a figure skating show.

paragraphs: Salé and Pelletier were engaged on Christmas Day of 2004 at their Edmonton, Alberta home. They married on December 30, 2005 at the Fairmont Banff Springs hotel in Alberta. Their son, Jesse Joe Pelletier, was born on September 30, 2007.

paragraphs: Salé and Pelletier were inducted into the Skate Canada Hall of Fame in 2008. They were inducted into the Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame on March 26, 2009.

paragraphs: On June 4, 2010, it was reported that Salé and Pelletier would divorce; however, they will remain skating partners.

paragraphs: On June 20, 2012 Salé married her "Battle of the Blades" partner, Craig Simpson.


title: Indigo Girls

paragraphs: The Indigo Girls are an American folk and rock music duo. Their names are Amy Ray and Emily Saliers. They met during elementary school. They began performing together while in high school near Atlanta, Georgia. They began performing with the name Indigo Girls close to 1986. They have had many hit songs. They got a Grammy Award in 1990.

paragraphs: In 1990, Ray founded Daemon Records. The company has signed Magnapop, Ellen James Society, Kristen Hall, Rose Polenzani, Girlyman, Athens Boys Choir, and James Hall among others.

paragraphs: Ray has put out five solo albums. They are called "Stag", "Prom", "Live from Knoxville", "Didn't It Feel Kinder" and "". She has toured with both The Butchies and her band The Volunteers.

paragraphs: Saliers is also planning a solo album. She is co-owner of Watershed Restaurant in Decatur, Georgia. Saliers was an initial investor in the Flying Biscuit Cafe in Atlanta, Georgia. In 2005, Saliers and her father, Don Saliers, a theology professor at Candler School of Theology at Emory University, released the book "A Song to Sing, a Life to Live: Reflections on Music as Spiritual Practice". They promoted the release of the book together including several days of speaking and performing together at the Washington National Cathedral College in Washington D.C.

paragraphs: Both Ray and Saliers have long identified themselves as lesbians. They have never been a couple. Because of their work for LGBT rights they are seen as icons of the movement.


title: Chaka Khan

paragraphs: Yvette Marie Stevens (better known as Chaka Khan and born March 23, 1953 near Chicago) is a ten time Grammy Award winning American singer and songwriter. She first became famous in the 1970s as the main singer for the funk group Rufus. Khan went solo around 1978, and her hit songs include "I Feel for You" "I'm Every Woman", "Sweet Thing" and "Through the Fire". She also got several nominations for American Music Awards.

paragraphs: On May 19, 2011, Khan was given the 2,440th Hollywood Walk of Fame star plaque on a section of Hollywood Boulevard in Los Angeles.

paragraphs: Khan has been married twice and is the mother of two children, daughter Indira Milini and son Damien Holland. Khan's first marriage was to Hassan Khan, in 1970, when she was 17. They divorced a short time later. Milini's birth was the result of a relationship between Khan and Rahsaan Morris. Khan married her second husband, Richard Holland, in 1976. The marriage reportedly caused a rift between Khan and several members of Rufus. Khan dated a Chicago-area schoolteacher in the mid-1980s in the middle of her solo stardom. Following their separation, Khan moved to Europe. She first lived in London, later living in Germany.

paragraphs: In the past, Khan struggled with drug abuse and alcoholism. Her drug use, which at times included cocaine and heroin, ended sometime in the early 1990s. Khan would have an on-again, off-again struggle with alcoholism. In 2005 she said she was sober. In 2006, her son Damien Holland was accused of murder after 17-year-old Christopher Bailey was shot to death. Khan testified on her son's behalf defending her son's innocence. Holland said the shooting was an accident and was found not guilty. Though she sang at both the 2000 Democratic and Republican conventions, Khan says that she is more of a "Democratic-minded person".

paragraphs: In December 2011, Khan won permanent custody of her granddaughter, Daija Jade Holland. Khan said the mother was unable to raise her due to her drug addiction. It was reported that Khan's son was also addicted to drugs.

paragraphs: To date, Chaka Khan has won 10 Grammy Awards, including two as a member of Rufus. She has received 22 Grammy Award nominations, including three as a member of Rufus.

paragraphs: To date, she has had four American Music Award nominations.


title: Genes, Brain and Behavior

paragraphs: Genes, Brain and Behavior (also known as "G2B") is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering the fields of the genetics of behavior, the nervous system (neurogenetics), and mental illness (psychiatric genetics). It began in 2002. It is the official journal of the International Behavioural and Neural Genetics Society.

paragraphs: According to the "Journal Citation Reports", its 2010 impact factor is 4.061. It was ranked 63rd out of 237 listed journals on Neurosciences, and 6th out of 48 listed journals in the category "Behavioral Sciences".

paragraphs: The journal publishes these types of articles:


title: Suzanne Vega

paragraphs: Suzanne Nadine Vega (born 1959 in Santa Monica, California) is an American singer, recording artist and songwriter. She is best known for her songs "Luka" and "Tom's Diner".

paragraphs: At the age of nine she began to write poetry. She wrote her first song at age fourteen. She attended New York's High School of Performing Arts. There she studied modern dance and graduated in 1977.

paragraphs: On March 17, 1995, Vega married Mitchell Froom, a musician and a record producer. They have a daughter, Ruby Froom (born July 8, 1994). The band Soul Coughing's "Ruby Vroom" album was named after her. Recently Ruby sang with her mother.

paragraphs: On February 11, 2006, Vega married Paul Mills, a lawyer and poet.


title: Orleans (band)

paragraphs: Orleans are an American soft rock band who were extremely popular during 1970s. Their song, "Dance with Me" was a highly popular single, though they have had other songs.


title: Cornus canadensis

paragraphs: Cornus canadensis is a herbaceous member of the Cornaceae (dogwood) family. It has various common names, such as the Bunchberry dogwood, Canadian Bunchberry, Quatre-temps, or Crackerberry. It is a widespread plant of the northern hemisphere.

paragraphs: It grows about 20–30 cm tall and bears tiny flowers a few millimetres across. They form an inflorescence at the center of four white, petal-like bracts 3–4 cm diameter.

paragraphs: Each flower has highly elastic petals that flip backward, releasing springy filaments that are cocked underneath the petals. The filaments snap upward flinging pollen out in less than half a millisecond. The pollen experiences a force two to three thousand times the force of gravity. The Bunchberry has one of the fastest plant actions found so far. It needs a camera capable of shooting 10,000 frames per second to catch the action.

paragraphs: In other words, it is a mechanism for cross-pollination by air.

paragraphs: The fruits are edible with a mild flavour somewhat like apples. The large seeds within are somewhat hard and crunchy. Birds are the main dispersal agents of the seeds, consuming the fruit during their fall migration. In Alaska, bunchberry is an important forage plant for mule deer, black-tailed deer and moose, which consume it throughout the growing season.

paragraphs: Where bunchberry, a forest species, and "Cornus suecica," a bog species, grow near each other in their overlapping ranges in Alaska, Labrador, and Greenland, they can Hybrid ize by cross-pollination, producing plants with intermediate characteristics.


title: Gore Vidal

paragraphs: Gore Vidal (Eugene Luther Gore Vidal, October 3, 1925 - July 31, 2012) was an American writer.

paragraphs: Vidal was born at West Point, New York, the only child of Eugene Luther Vidal (1895-1969) and Nina Gore (1903-1978). He was promiscuous in his youth and was openly bisexual. He lived with a man for over fifty years until he died in 2003. Vidal died of pneumonia at his home in the Hollywood Hills, Los Angeles, California.


title: Billy Ocean

paragraphs: Billy Ocean (born Leslie Sebastian Charles; 21 January 1950) is a songwriter, recording artist and musician. He was born in Fyzabad, Trinidad to Grenadan parents. He has many hit singles. Most were put out in the 1980s. He was the most popular British-based R&B singer-songwriter of the early to mid-1980s.

paragraphs: On 20 October 2010, Ocean was presented with the Lifetime Achievement Award at the MOBO Awards.

paragraphs: On 29 July 2011, Ocean became a Companion of the Liverpool Institute for Performing Arts. His title was presented by Sir Paul McCartney.


title: Natalie Merchant

paragraphs: Natalie Merchant (born October 26, 1963 in Jamestown, New York) is an American musician, recording artist and singer-songwriter. Her hit singles include "Carnival" and "Trouble Me". She was part of 10,000 Maniacs until 1993. She then left the group for a solo career.

paragraphs: In 2003, Merchant married Daniel de la Calle. They had a daughter named Lucia. However, in an interview in 2012, she indicated that she is now divorced. She likes gardening and painting. Some paintings can be seen at her official website. She has been a vegetarian since 1980.


title: Emil Cioran

paragraphs: Emile Cioran (8 April 1911 – 20 June 1995) was a Romanian philosopher and essayist. He was known for his pessimism, skepticism, nihilism and gnosticism.

paragraphs: His works often depict an atmosphere of torment, a state that Cioran himself experienced, and came to be dominated by lyricism.


title: The Angels

paragraphs: The Angels are an American girl group who had most of the popularity in the 1960s. Their song "My Boyfriend's Back" hit #1 in 1963, although the band has had many other songs.


title: Nick Nolte

paragraphs: Nick Nolte (born February 8, 1941) is an American actor. He has acted in many movies, including the dramas "I'll Do Anything" and "Blue Chips". Nolte has won a Golden Globe Award.

paragraphs: Nolte was born in Omaha, Nebraska on February 8, 1941. Nolte was educated at the University of Arizona. Nolte was married three times; first to Sheila Page from 1966 until they divorced in 1970. Second he married Sharyn Haddad from 1978 until they divorced in 1983. Lastly he married Rebecca Linger from 1984 until they divorced in 1994.

paragraphs: He was partners with; Karen Louise Ecklund from 1970 until they separated in 1977. Then he was partners with Vicki Lewis from 1994 until they separated in 2003. He is currently partners with Clytie Lane since 2003. With Linger Nolte has a son Brawley Nolte, and with Lane he has a daughter Sophie Lan Nolte.


title: Nu Shooz

paragraphs: Nu Shooz are an R&B group based in Portland, Oregon.They formed in 1979. They released many records in the 1980s. However, they did not hit the mainstream until after their 1986 album "Poolside" was released. The song "I Can't Wait" was among their many hit songs. In 1988 the band broke up. In 2007 they got back together.


title: Robert Palmer

paragraphs: Robert Allen Palmer (January 19, 1949 – September 26, 2003) was a British musician, singer-songwriter and recording artist who released many hits during the 1970s and the 1980s. His hits include "Addicted to Love" and "Bad Case of Loving You (Doctor, Doctor)".

paragraphs: Palmer received a number of awards throughout his career, including two Grammy Awards for Best Male Rock Vocal Performance, an MTV Video Music Award, and was twice nominated for the BRIT Award for Best British Male.

paragraphs: Robert Palmer was married in 1972 to Shelly Putman. They had three children together, Anthony, Anna and Martin. They divorced in 1978. In 1979, Robert Palmer married Susan Eileen Thatcher. They had two children together, James and Jane. They divorced in 1999. In 1993, Palmer moved from the Bahamas to Lugano, Switzerland. He thought the islands were overrun with drugs and guns and were no longer safe. Palmer's companion at the time of his death was Mary Ambrose.

paragraphs: Palmer moved to Lugano, Switzerland, in 1986. He became a naturalized citizen of Switzerland in 1993. He lived there until his death.

paragraphs: A heavy smoker, he died in Paris, France, from a heart attack on 26 September 2003 at the age of 54. He was holidaying with his close friend, Jack Bruce, and conducting publicity appearances for his most recent release "Drive" prior to his death.

paragraphs: He was survived by his parents, Leslie and Anna Palmer, his fiance Geraldine Edwards, his brother, Mark Palmer, and his children, James, Jane, Anthony, Anna and Martin.


title: Edwin Starr

paragraphs: Edwin Starr (January 21, 1942 – April 2, 2003) was an American singer-songwriter and musician. He had many hit songs. His most notable song was "War". The song sold over one million copies. He was very popular in the late 1960s and early 1970s.

paragraphs: Starr was an African American who was born in Nashville and grew up in Cleveland.

paragraphs: On April 2, 2003, at the age of 61, Starr suffered a heart attack and died while taking a bath at his home in Bramcote near Nottingham. He left a wife, Annette Mary Hatcher, a son André Hatcher, and two grandchildren Alonté Renfroe and Maryah Hatcher.


title: Blackstreet

paragraphs: Blackstreet is an American R&B group. It began around 1991. It was created through Teddy Riley. The group was very strong during the 1990s. Their songs included "No Diggity" and "Booty Call".


title: The Bartons Arms

paragraphs: The Bartons Arms is a pub in the Newton neighborhood of Aston, Birmingham. It is in the country of England.

paragraphs: The pub was built in 1901. It had special walls built that let middle class people drinking in the bar see the working class drinkers on the other side, but the working class drinkers could not see the middle-class people watching them. Laurel and Hardy visited the pub. There are photographs of them serving beer to bar visitors.

paragraphs: The Bartons Arms is in the movie "Felicia's Journey" and a book, "The Last Viking: The Untold Story of the World's Greatest Heist," by Ron Dawson. In 2006 the pub had a fire due to electrical problems. In the 2011 England riots the pub was attacked.


title: R. G. Armstrong

paragraphs: Robert Golden "R. G." Armstrong, Jr. (April 7, 1917 July 27, 2012) was an American movie, stage, television actor, and playwright.

paragraphs: Armstrong was born on April 7, 1917 in Pleasant Grove, Alabama and raised in on a small farm near Birmingham, Alabama. Armstrong was educated at Howard College and went to University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill with late actor John Forsythe and late actor and friend Andy Griffith. After graduated he the Actors' Studio.

paragraphs: Armstrong's career began in 1959 when he starred in the movie "The Fugitive Kind" and later appeared in other movies like; "El Dorado", "Race with the Devil", "The Car", "Dick Tracy", "Predator", and his final movie "Purgatory".

paragraphs: Armstrong was married to Ann Neale from 1952 until they divorced in 1972, they had four children. Later he married Susan M. Guthrie from 1973 until they divorced in 1976. Lastly he married Mary Craven from 1993 until she died in 2003.

paragraphs: Armstrong died on July 27, 2012 in his home in Studio City, California from natural causes. He was 95. He is survived by his four children from his first marriage.


title: Kate Jackson

paragraphs: Catherine Elise "Kate" Jackson (born October 29, 1948 in Birmingham, Alabama) is an American actress. She has acted in many movies and television programs. She was in "Charlie's Angels" during the 1970s to early 1980s.


title: Chick-fil-A

paragraphs: Chick-fil-A is an American fast food restaurant chain known for not being open for service on Sundays. The franchise is based in Atlanta and has places in parts of the United States.


title: Richard Dreyfuss

paragraphs: Richard Stephen Dreyfuss (born October 29, 1947) is an American actor, television actor, and stage actor.

paragraphs: Dreyfuss was born on October 29, 1947 in Brooklyn, New York to Norman Dreyfuss, a lawyer, and to Geraldine Dreyfuss, a peace activist. Dreyfuss was raised Bayside, Queens, New York. Dreyfuss and his family first moved to Europe, because his father dislike New York City. Later they moved to Los Angeles, California when he was just 9 years old. He was educated at Beverly Hills High School.

paragraphs: His career began during the late 1960s and had appeared in movies such as; "American Graffiti", "Inserts", "Jaws", "Close Encounters of the Third Kind", "The Goodbye Girl", "Whose Life Is It Anyway?", "Always", "What About Bob?", "Poseidon", "Mr. Holland's Opus", and "James and the Giant Peach".

paragraphs: Dreyfuss has won an Academy Award for Best Actor in 1977 for his role in "The Goodbye Girl" and was nominated for another Academy Award for Best Actor in 1995 for his role in "Mr. Holland's Opus". He has won a Golden Globe Award, BAFTA Award, and in 2002 he was nomination for a Screen Actors Guild Award.

paragraphs: Dreyfuss was married to Jeramie Rain from 1983 until it ended in divorced in 1995, they had three children. Later he married Janelle Lacey in 1999 until they divorced in 2005. He is currently married to Svetlana Erokin since 2006. They currently live in Carlsbad, California and in Encinitas, California.

paragraphs: Dreyfuss suffers from bipolar disorder. In 2006, he appeared in Stephen Fry's documentary "", which documented Stephen Fry's life with the disease.


title: Paradise Valley, Montana

paragraphs: Paradise Valley is a major river valley of the Yellowstone River in southwestern Montana. It is just north of Yellowstone National Park in Park County, Montana. The Absaroka Range is on the east and the Gallatin Range on the west.

paragraphs: The Paradise Valley is separated from the Gallatin Valley and Bozeman, Montana by the Bozeman Pass. The valley lies mostly along a north-south axis. It is anchored to the north by Livingston, Montana and to the south by Yankee Jim Canyon which is about fifteen miles north of Gardiner, Montana.

paragraphs: The Paradise Valley was the original entrance to Yellowstone National Park. Today, the other entrances to the park are at West Yellowstone, Montana from the west, from the northeast at Cooke City-Silver Gate, Montana, from the east at Cody, Wyoming, and from the south at Grand Teton National Park and Jackson, Wyoming.

paragraphs: The Yellowstone River flows through the valley. It is noted for world-class fly fishing in the river and nearby spring creeks such as DePuy Spring Creek. The valley has other natural wonders such as several natural hot springs, including Chico Hot Springs near Emigrant, Montana, La Duke Hot Springs near Gardiner, and Hunter's Hot Springs near Livingston.

paragraphs: Emigrant Peak is the largest peak near the valley. It is 10,921 feet in elevation. It is in the southern part of the valley on the eastern side of the river. It is in the Absaroka mountain range.


title: Hardee's

paragraphs: Hardee's is an American fast food franchise which first began on September 3, 1960. It operates mainly across the Midwestern States of the United States. The restaurant sells chicken strips, French fries and burgers. Wilbur Hardee was the founder of Hardee's.


title: Easy Rider

paragraphs: Easy Rider is a 1969 American road movie directed by Dennis Hopper, and written by Hopper, Peter Fonda and Terry Southern. It tells the story of two bikers who travel through the American Southwest and South for freedom. The success of the movie helped spark the New Hollywood phase of movie making during the early 1970s. The movie was added to the Library of Congress National Registry in 1998.

paragraphs: The movie was said to be a counterculture movie. "Easy Rider" explores the societal landscape, issues, and tensions in the United States during the 1960s, such as the rise and fall of the hippie movement, drug use, and communal lifestyle.

paragraphs: "Easy Rider" is famous for its use of real drugs in its portrayal of marijuana and other substances.

paragraphs: Hopper received the First Film Award ("Prix de la première œuvre") at the 1969 Cannes Film Festival. At the Academy Awards, Nicholson was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. The movie was also nominated for Best Writing, Story and Screenplay Based on Material Not Previously Published or Produced.

paragraphs: The movie is at number 88 on the American Film Institute's list of 100 Years, 100 Movies.


title: Gaby Hoffmann

paragraphs: Gabriella "Gaby" Hoffmann (born January 1982) is an American movie and television series actress who also did some commercials. She starred in the 1988 comedy "Uncle Buck" and "Field of Dreams", a 1989 movie.


title: Bob Newhart

paragraphs: Bob Newhart (born September 5, 1929) is an American actor and stand up comedian. He has performed on many television sitcoms. One of them was his self-titled sitcom "The Bob Newhart Show". He also appeared in the Christmas comedy movie "Elf".

paragraphs: In 2011, Newhart made a cameo in the movie "Horrible Bosses", and in 2013 he guest starred in an episode of "The Big Bang Theory", for which he won his very first acting Emmy Award on September 15, 2013.

paragraphs: Newhart was born in Oak Park, Illinois on September 5, 1929. He was raised in Chicago, Illinois. Newhart studied at Loyola University at Chicago. He served in the United States Army before his acting career began. Newhart has been married to Virginia Quinn since 1963. They have four children.


title: Della Reese

paragraphs: Della Reese (July 6, 1931 – November 19, 2017) was an American singer, (television) actress, and Christian minister. She started acting in the 1950s. She was best known for performing as Tess in the CBS drama "Touched by an Angel" (which began September 1994 and ended in 2003). She was born in Detroit, Michigan.

paragraphs: Reese died of complications from diabetes on November 19, 2017 in Encino, California at the age of 86.


title: June Carter Cash

paragraphs: Valerie June Carter Cash (June 23, 1929 - May 15, 2003) was an American singer, actress, and dancer. She was the second wife of singer Johnny Cash. She and Johnny had many hit records in their careers. She died due to complications of surgery. Her widower, Johnny, died four months after her. She was the cousin of President of the United States Jimmy Carter.

paragraphs: June Carter Cash was born Valerie June Carter in Maces Spring, Virginia, to Maybelle Carter and Ezra Carter. She was born into country music and performed with the Carter Family from the age of ten, beginning in 1939. June and her sisters, with mother Maybelle and aunt Sara joining in from time to time, reclaimed the name "The Carter Family" for their act during the 1960s and 1970s.

paragraphs: Carter was married three times and had one child with each husband. All three of her children would go on to have successful careers in country music. Her last marriage was to Johnny Cash. In 1968, Cash proposed to Carter during a live performance at the London Ice House in London, Ontario, Canada. They married on March 1 in Franklin, Kentucky, and remained married until her death in May 2003, just four months before Cash died. The couple's son, John Carter Cash, is a musician, songwriter and producer.

paragraphs: June Carter Cash died in Nashville, Tennessee, on May 15, 2003, of complications following heart-valve replacement surgery, in the company of her family and her husband of 35 years, Johnny Cash.


title: Tanya Roberts

paragraphs: Tanya Roberts (born Victoria Leigh Blum; Bronx, New York, October 15, 1955) is an American actress and comedienne. She has appeared in many films and television series.

paragraphs: She is known for her role as Julie Rogers on the fifth and final season of Charlie's Angels (1980–81) and as Midge Pinciotti on That '70s Show (1998–2001). She was a Bond girl in "A View to a Kill" (1985)