title: Roubia

paragraphs: Roubia is a commune of 509 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France.


title: Sainte-Colombe-sur-Guette

paragraphs: Sainte-Colombe-sur-Guette is a commune of 46 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France.


title: Routier, Aude

paragraphs: Routier is a commune of 248 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France.


title: Gold Beach, Oregon

paragraphs: Gold Beach is a city in Oregon in the United States. It is the county seat of Curry County.


title: Canyon City, Oregon

paragraphs: Canyon City is a city in Oregon in the United States. It is the county seat of Grant County.


title: Grand Hotel (movie)

paragraphs: Grand Hotel is a 1932 American drama movie directed by Edmund Goulding and based on the 1929 novel "Menschen im Hotel" by Vicki Baum and the 1930 play by William A. Drake. It stars Greta Garbo, Joan Crawford, John Barrymore, Lionel Barrymore, Wallace Berry, Lewis Stone, Jean Hersholt, Tully Marshall and was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. It won an Academy Award in 1932 and was remade as "Week-End at the Waldorf" in 1945.


title: Zürich Stock Exchange

paragraphs: Zürich Stock Exchange also known as SIX Swiss Exchange is based in Zurich. It is Switzerland's main stock exchange. The other stock exchange is Berne eXchange.

paragraphs: It is owned by SIX Group which is an unlisted public limited company itself and is controlled by 122 banks or financial institutions.

paragraphs: Zürich Stock Exchange was founded in 1993. It was created by merging the Geneva stock exchange, the Basel stock exchange and the Zurich stock exchange into the Verein Schweizerische Effektenbörse.


title: Taiwan Stock Exchange

paragraphs: Taiwan Stock Exchange (TWSE; ) is a financial institution which is located in Taipei 101, in Taipei, Taiwan. TWSE was established in 1961 and it started operating as a stock exchange on 9 February 1962. It is regulated by the Financial Supervisory Commission of Taiwan.

paragraphs: Taiwan Stock Exchange broadcasts before-hour information from 7:40 to 8:40. Then it has normal trading sessions from 09:00 to 13:45 and a fixed price post-market sessions from 14:00 to 15:00 on all days of the week except Saturdays, Sundays and holidays. These holidays are declared by the exchange in advance.


title: Schwarzschild metric

paragraphs: The Schwarzschild metric was calculated by Karl Schwarzschild as a solution to Einstein's field equations in 1916. Also known as Schwarzschild solution, it is an equation from general relativity in the field of astrophysics. A "metric" refers to an equation which describes spacetime; in particular, a Schwarzschild metric describes the gravitational field around a Schwarzschild black hole - a non-rotating, spherical black hole with no magnetic field, and where the cosmological constant is zero.

paragraphs: It is essentially an equation that describes how a particle moves through the space near a black hole.

paragraphs: Although a more complicated way of calculating the Schwarzschild metric can be found using Christoffel Symbols, it can also be derived using the equations for escape velocity (formula_2), time dilation (dt'), length contraction (dr'):

paragraphs: r is how close the particle is to the heavy object

paragraphs: dt' is the particle's true change in time

paragraphs: Note: the true time interval and true distance traveled by the particle are different than the time and distance calculated in classical physics calculations, since it is traveling in such a heavy gravitational field!

paragraphs: Using the equation for flat spacetime in spherical coordinates:

paragraphs: dformula_7 and dformula_9 are the change in angles

paragraphs: Inputting the equations for escape velocity, time dilation, and length contraction (equations 1, 2, and 3) into the equation for flat spacetime (equation 4), to get the

paragraphs: From this equation we can take out the Schwarzschild radius (formula_11), the radius of this black hole. Although this is most commonly used to describe a Schwarzschild black hole, the Schwarzschild radius can be calculated for any heavy object.

paragraphs: formula_13 is the set radius limit of the object


title: Fita

paragraphs: Fita (Ѳ ѳ; italics: "Ѳ ѳ") is a Cyrillic letter that comes from the Greek letter theta. In Cyrillic numerals, it is equal to the number nine.


title: The Reincarnation of Peter Proud

paragraphs: The Reincarnation of Peter Proud is a 1975 American psychological horror drama movie directed J. Lee Thompson and is based on the 1973 novel of the same name by Max Ehrlich. It stars Michael Sarrazin, Margot Kidder, Jennifer O'Neill, Paul Hecht. It was distributed by American International Pictures. David Fincher and Andrew Kevin Walker had announced the remake in 2009.


title: Johnny McCarthy

paragraphs: John Joseph McCarthy (April 25, 1934 – May 9, 2020) was an American basketball player and coach. He was born in Buffalo, New York. He played for the National Basketball Association from 1956 to 1964. He played for the Cincinnati Royals, St. Louis Hawks and the Boston Celtics. He coached the Buffalo Braves from 1971 to 1972.

paragraphs: McCarthy died on May 9, 2020 in Buffalo at the age of 86.


title: Adolfo Pajares

paragraphs: Adolfo Pajares Compostizo (26 March 1937 – 13 May 2020) was a Spanish politician and businessman. He was born in Torrelavega, Spain. He was a member of the People's Party. Pajares was President of the Parliament of Cantabria from 1990 to 1999.

paragraphs: Pajares died on 13 May 2020 in Santander, Spain at the age of 83.


title: Torrelavega

paragraphs: Torrelavega (Cantabrian: "Torlavega") is a municipality in the single province Autonomous Community of Cantabria in northern Spain.

paragraphs: Its highest point is 606 metres and its lowest point is 12 metres.


title: Gabriel Bacquier

paragraphs: Gabriel Bacquier (17 May 1924 – 13 May 2020) was a French operatic baritone. He was a long-term member of the Opéra-Comique and the Paris Opera. He also appeared at leading opera houses in Europe and the United States.

paragraphs: Bacquier made his American debut at the Lyric Opera of Chicago in 1962 as the High Priest in "Samson et Dalila" by Saint-Saëns.


title: Lyric Opera of Chicago

paragraphs: Lyric Opera of Chicago is one of the leading opera companies in the United States. It was founded in Chicago in 1954, under the name 'Lyric Theatre of Chicago' by Carol Fox, Nicola Rescigno and Lawrence Kelly. Maria Callas's American debut in "Norma" was held here.

paragraphs: The Lyric is housed in a theater and related spaces in the Civic Opera Building.


title: Civic Opera Building

paragraphs: The Civic Opera Building is a 45-story office tower at 20 North Wacker Drive in Chicago. The building opened November 4, 1929, and has an Art Deco interior. It has a 3,563-seat opera house, the Civic Opera House, which is the second-largest opera auditorium in North America.

paragraphs: Today, the opera house is the permanent home of the Lyric Opera of Chicago.


title: Prime Minister of Laos

paragraphs: The prime minister of the Lao People's Democratic Republic is the head of government of Laos. It is the highest office within the Central Government.


title: Bounnhang Vorachith

paragraphs: Bounnhang Vorachith (; born 15 August 1937) is a Laotian politician. He has been General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party and President of Laos since 2016. He was Prime Minister from 2001 to 2006 and Vice President of Laos from 2006 to 2016.


title: Thongloun Sisoulith

paragraphs: Thongloun Sisoulith ,ထောင်လုန် သိသုလိဒ် (; born 10 November 1946) is a Laotian politician. He has been Prime Minister of Laos since 2016.


title: President of Laos

paragraphs: The President of the Lao People's Democratic Republic is the head of state of Laos.


title: Souphanouvong

paragraphs: Prince Souphanouvong (13 July 1909 – 9 January 1995) was a Laotian politician. He was the first President of Laos from December 1975 to August 1991. He was nicknamed "The Red Prince". He was a founding leader of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party.

paragraphs: Souphanouvong died on 9 January 1995 at the age of 86.


title: Phoumi Vongvichit

paragraphs: Phoumi Vongvichit (6 April 1909 – 7 January 1994) was a Laotian politician. From 1986 to 1991, he was the acting President of Laos.


title: Kaysone Phomvihane

paragraphs: Kaysone Phomvihane () (13 December 1920 – 21 November 1992) was a Laotian politician. He was the first leader of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party from 1955 until his death in 1992. He was the first Prime Minister of the Lao People's Democratic Republic from 1975 to 1991 and then as the second President from 1991 to 1992.


title: Nouhak Phoumsavanh

paragraphs: Nouhak Phoumsavanh or Phoumsavan (; ; April 9, 1910 – September 9, 2008) was a Laotian politician. He was a longtime Pathet Lao revolutionary and communist party official. He was the 3rd President of Laos from 1992 to 1998.


title: J. Lee Thompson

paragraphs: John Lee Thompson (1 August 1914 – 30 August 2002) was a British movie director active in London and Hollywood and is best remembered for his Oscar nomination for the 1961 movie "The Guns of Navarone". His other movies include "Cape Fear", "The Yellow Balloon", "Ice Cold in Alex", "Tiger Bay", "Never So Few", "Yield to the Night", "What a Way to Go!", "Country Dance", "St. Ives", "The Reincarnation of Peter Proud", "Happy Birthday to Me", "10 to Midnight", "Murphy's Law", "The Evil That Men Do", "Firewalker", and "".


title: Choummaly Sayasone

paragraphs: Lieutenant General Choummaly Sayasone (Lao: ຈູມມະລີ ໄຊຍະສອນ; born 6 March 1936) is a Laotian politician. He was the General Secretary (leader) of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP). He was the President of Laos from 2006 to 2016. He was the third Vice President of Laos from 2001 to 2006.


title: Vice President of Laos

paragraphs: Vice President of Laos is the political position in Laos created in 1996. The Vice President is elected by the National Assembly of Laos.

paragraphs: The history of the office holders follows.


title: Phankham Viphavanh

paragraphs: Phankham Viphavanh (; born 1951) is a Laotian politician. He is a member of Politburo. He is the Executive Committee of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party. He is also the current Vice President of Laos since April 2016.


paragraphs: This is a list of individuals who served as President of the National Assembly of Laos.


title: Samane Viyaket

paragraphs: Lieutenant General Samane Viyaket (3 March 1927 – 22 July 2016) was a Laotian national politician. He was the President of the National Assembly of Laos from 1993 to 2006.

paragraphs: He was born in Phichit Province, Siam. He was in charge of ideological and cultural works of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP).

paragraphs: He died on 22 July 2016 at the age of 89.


title: Thongsing Thammavong

paragraphs: Thongsing Thammavong (Lao: ທອງສິງ ທຳມະວົງ; born 12 April 1944) is a Laotian politician. He was the Prime Minister of Laos from 2010 to 2016. He is a member of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP). He has been a member of the LPRP Politburo since 1991. He was the President of the National Assembly from 2006 to 2010.


title: The Yellow Balloon (movie)

paragraphs: The Yellow Balloon is a 1953 British drama movie directed by J. Lee Thompson and starring Kathleen Ryan, Andrew Ray, Kenneth More, Bernard Lee, Sid James, Marjorie Rhodes, William Sylvester, Veronica Hurst. It was distributed by Associated British Picture Corporation.


title: Pany Yathotou

paragraphs: Pany Yathotou (born 18 February 1951) is a Laotian politician. She is a member of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party.

paragraphs: She was the chairman and governor of the Bank of the Lao P.D.R. from 1988 until 1997. Yathotou later became a member of the National Assembly in 1998. She became the President of the National Assembly of Laos since 2010.


title: National Assembly (Laos)

paragraphs: The National Assembly (Laotian: "Sapha Heng Xat", French: "Assemblée nationale") is the unicameral parliament of Laos. The National Assembly meets in Vientiane.

paragraphs: Laos is a one-party state, with the Lao People's Revolutionary Party as the sole legal party in the country.


title: Vicki (movie)

paragraphs: Vicki is a 1953 American crime drama movie directed by Harry Horner and is based on "I Wake Up Screaming" by Steve Fisher is a remake of the 1941 movie. It stars Jeanne Crain, Jean Peters, Elliott Reid, Richard Boone, Aaron Spelling, Carl Betz. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.


title: Morag

paragraphs: You've heard of Nessie, now meet Morag, the monster of Loch Morar.

paragraphs: This large and elusive female is said to have attacked two fishermen in August 1969. They saw a creature described as around 30 ft long with rough brown skin, three large humps and a snake-like head. Loch Morar is even deeper than Loch Ness, more than 1000 ft in places.


title: The Money Pit

paragraphs: The Money Pit is a 1986 American comedy movie directed by Richard Benjamin. The movie is a remake of "Mr. Blandings Builds His Dream House", a 1948 Cary Grant comedy. "The Money Pit" stars Tom Hanks and Shelley Long as a couple who try to fix a recently purchased house.

paragraphs: It was filmed in New York City and Lattingtown, New York, and was co-executive produced by Steven Spielberg.


title: Lattingtown, New York

paragraphs: The Incorporated Village of Lattingtown is a village located within the Town of Oyster Bay in Nassau County, New York in the United States. The population was 1,739 at the 2010 census.


title: Big (movie)

paragraphs: Big is a 1988 American fantasy comedy-drama movie directed by Penny Marshall. It stars Tom Hanks as Adult Josh Baskin, a young boy who makes a wish "to be big" and then becomes an adult the next day. The movie also stars Elizabeth Perkins, David Moscow as young Josh, John Heard and Robert Loggia

paragraphs: "Big" had two Academy Award nominations for Best Actor (Hanks) and Best Original Screenplay.


title: Henderson, Texas

paragraphs: Henderson is a city and the county seat of Rusk County, northeast Texas, United States. The population was 13,712 at the 2010 census. Henderson is named for James Pinckney Henderson, the first governor of Texas.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in the United States

paragraphs: The COVID-19 pandemic spread to the United States in January 2020. The first confirmed case of local transmission was recorded in January in Chicago and the first known deaths happened in February.

paragraphs: By the end of March, cases had happened in all 50 U.S. states, the District of Columbia, and all U.S. territories except American Samoa.

paragraphs: , the U.S. has the most confirmed active cases and deaths in the world; and its death rate was 206 per million people, the tenth-highest rate globally.

paragraphs: The Trump administration made a public health emergency on January 31, then on February2 began to end the entry of most foreign nationals who had recently traveled to China. People have said that the country's response to the pandemic was slow in regards to testing and medical response.

paragraphs: On February 25, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention warned the American public for the first time to prepare for a local outbreak.

paragraphs: A national emergency was declared on March 13. In early March the Food and Drug Administration began allowing public health agencies and private companies to create and carry out tests. The Trump administration waited until mid-March to start purchasing large amounts of medical equipment.

paragraphs: On March 16, the White House announced that they were against any gatherings of more than ten people. Since March 19, 2020, the U.S. Department of State has said all U.S. citizens to avoid all international travel.

paragraphs: State and local responses to the outbreak have included cancellation of large gatherings, stay-at-home orders and the closing of schools and other educational institutions.

paragraphs: Large numbers of outbreaks in the U.S. were seen in black American populations.

paragraphs: Many numbers of infections and deaths have happened in nursing homes, long-term care facilities, prisons and other detention centers, meatpacking plants, churches, and larger cities such as New York City, Chicago, Los Angeles and Seattle.

paragraphs: In July 2020, scientists from Johns Hopkins University told people that deaths from COVID-19 in United States prisons were much higher than the average for the whole country. There were about 3251 sick prisoners and 39 deaths out of every 100,000 prisoners. The national average was about 587 sick United States residents and 29 deaths for every 100,000 United States residents.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Spain

paragraphs: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic was first confirmed to have spread to Spain on 31 January 2020, when a German tourist tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in La Gomera, Canary Islands. By 13 March, cases had been confirmed in all 50 provinces of the country.

paragraphs: A state of alarm and national lockdown was made on 14 March. On 29 March it was announced that, beginning the following day, all non-essential workers were to stay home for the next 14 days. By late March, the Community of Madrid has recorded the most cases and deaths in the country.

paragraphs: On 25 March the death toll in Spain passed that of mainland China, and only Italy's was higher.

paragraphs: On 2April, 950 people died of the virus in a 24-hour period—at the time, the most by any country in a single day. The next day Spain passed Italy in total cases and is now second only to the United States.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Italy

paragraphs: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic was first confirmed to have spread to Italy on 31 January 2020, when two Chinese tourists in Rome tested positive for the virus.

paragraphs: A large amount of cases was later found, starting with 16 confirmed cases in Lombardy on 21 February, and 60 additional cases and the first deaths on 22 February. By the beginning of March, the virus had spread to all regions of Italy.

paragraphs: On 31 January, the Italian government stopped all flights to and from China and declared a state of emergency. In February, eleven cities in northern Italy were seen as the centres of the two main Italian infected areas and placed under quarantine. The majority of positive cases in other regions traced back to these two areas.

paragraphs: On 8 March 2020, Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte expanded the quarantine to all of Lombardy and 14 other northern provinces, and on the following day to all of Italy were placed on quarantine. On 11 March 2020, Conte prohibited nearly all commercial activity except for supermarkets and pharmacies.

paragraphs: On 21 March, the Italian government closed all non-essential businesses and industries, and stopped movement of people.

paragraphs: , Italy has 78,457 active cases, one of the highest in the world.

paragraphs: 31,106 deaths (a rate of 509 deaths per million population), while there have been

paragraphs: By 13 May, Italy had tested about 1,779,000 people. Because of the limited number of tests performed, the real number of infected people in Italy, as in other countries, is seen to be higher than the official count.

paragraphs: On 19 March, Italy became the country with the highest number of confirmed coronavirus deaths; however, on 11 April, the United States topped Italy.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China

paragraphs: The COVID-19 pandemic started with a large number of unknown, possible pneumonia cases in the city of Wuhan, the capital of Hubei province, China. A Wuhan hospital told the local center for disease control and prevention (CDC) and health commissions on 27 December 2019.

paragraphs: On 31 December, the Wuhan CDC told the media that there was a large number of unknown pneumonia cases related to Huanan Seafood Market.

paragraphs: The possible disease outbreak soon became known nationwide including that of the National Health Commission (NHC) in Beijing who sent experts to Wuhan on the following day. Chinese authorities notified the World Health Organisation on this same day. On 8 January, a new coronavirus was identified as the cause of the pneumonia.

paragraphs: Public and media criticized Chinese officials for a slow response to fight the outbreak when it first started. By 29 January, the virus spread to all provinces of mainland China. All provinces of mainland China began a large public health emergency. The World Health Organization declared the outbreak a "Public Health Emergency of International Concern" on 31 January, saying that there are reasons that it could spread to other countries, such as those without robust healthcare systems. By 8 February, over 724 died from the coronavirus and 34,878 were confirmed to have been infected. In Hubei alone, there were 24,953 cases of infections and 699 related deaths.

paragraphs: The Chinese government may have censored talks about the outbreak since the beginning of its spread. On 25 January, Chinese Communist Party General Secretary Xi Jinping warned about a "grave situation" in China.

paragraphs: The Chinese New Year celebrations were cancelled. Passengers across the country have been checked for their temperatures.

paragraphs: By 29 January, all Hubei cities were quarantined. Curfew laws were added in Huanggang, Wenzhou, and other mainland cities.

paragraphs: In February 2020, the region also saw a huge shortage of face masks and other protective gear even though China called themselves the world's largest makers of these masks. Other countries donated medical supplies to help China deal with the epidemic.

paragraphs: On 25 February, the number of newly confirmed cases outside mainland China passed those from within for the first time. By 6 March the reported number of new cases had dropped to well fewer than 100 nationally per day, down from thousands per day.

paragraphs: Racism among Asians such as Chinese people grew during the pandemic such as criticisms of their markets, lifestyles and food choices. Some rumors say that China made the virus in a lab.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Iran

paragraphs: During the COVID-19 pandemic, Iran reported its first confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections on 19 February 2020 in Qom. The virus may have been brought to the country by a merchant from Qom who had travelled to China.

paragraphs: In response to the coronavirus the government cancelled public events and Friday prayers. They closed schools, universities, shopping centres, bazaars, and holy shrines; and banned festival celebrations.

paragraphs: Economic help were also announced to help families and businesses. The government at first did not support plans to quarantine entire cities and areas. The government later announced a ban on travel between cities following an increase in the number of new cases.

paragraphs: Some outside guesses of the numbers of COVID-19 deaths are much higher than those from government sources, with one saying over 40,000 deaths. The government has also been accused of cover-ups, censorship, and not handling the pandemic well. However, the World Health Organization says that it has not seen problems with Iran's reported numbers.

paragraphs: Many government ministers and senior officials have been diagnosed as SARS-CoV-2 positive. 23 members of the Parliament (around 8% of all MPs) tested positive.

paragraphs: At least 12 sitting or former Iranian politicians and officials had died from the virus by 17 March.

paragraphs: Some of the well known Iranians reported to have died from COVID-19 include:


title: COVID-19 pandemic in India

paragraphs: The first case of the COVID-19 pandemic in India was reported on 30 January 2020, originating from China. As of , the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare have confirmed a total of 78,003 cases, 26,235 recoveries (including 1 migration) and 2,549 deaths in the country.

paragraphs: The infection rate of COVID-19 in India is reported to be 1.7, which was lower than in the worst affected countries.

paragraphs: The outbreak has been called an epidemic in more than a dozen states and union territories.

paragraphs: On 22 March 2020, India made a 14-hour voluntary public curfew at the instance of the prime minister Narendra Modi. The government followed it up with lockdowns in 75 districts where COVID-19 cases had occurred as well as all major cities. On 24 March, the prime minister ordered a nationwide lockdown for 21 days, affecting the entire 1.3billion population of India. On 14 April, the prime minister extended the nationwide lockdown until 3 May.

paragraphs: People worried about the economic effects caused by the lockdown, which has would have on informal workers, micro and small enterprises, farmers and the self-employed.

paragraphs: Observers state that the lockdown has slowed the growth rate of the pandemic by 6 April to a rate of doubling every 6 days, and, by 18 April, to a rate of doubling every 8 days.

paragraphs: The Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT), in its report based on data from 73 countries, reports that the Indian Government has responded more strictly than other countries in the pandemic.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Germany

paragraphs: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic spread to Germany on 27 January 2020, when the first case was confirmed near Munich, Bavaria.

paragraphs: The majority of cases in January and early February came from the same automobile-parts business place as the first case. On 25 and 26 February, multiple cases related to the Italian outbreak were found in Baden-Württemberg. A large number linked to a carnival event was formed in Heinsberg, North Rhine-Westphalia, with the first death reported on 9March 2020. New larger groups were found in other regions via Heinsberg as well as by people arriving from China, Iran and Italy, from where non-Germans could arrive by plane until 17–18 March.

paragraphs: The outbreaks were first managed in a "containment stage", which tried to lower the increase of larger infected areas. The German government and several health officials stated the country was ready and did not create special measures to increase medical supplies or limit public freedom. Since 13 March, the pandemic has been managed in the "protection stage". Two days later, borders to five neighboring countries were closed.

paragraphs: By 22 March, all regional governments had announced curfews or restrictions in public spaces. Throughout Germany, travelling is only allowed in groups of two people unless they are from the same household.

paragraphs: Some German states added more restrictions allowing people to leave their homes only for specified activities including commuting to work, exercising or purchasing food.

paragraphs: 173,699 cases had been reported with 7,791 deaths and about 147,200 recoveries. The low fatality rate in Germany, compared to Italy and Spain, has resulted in a debate and explanations that say the country's higher number of tests performed, higher number of available intensive care beds with respiratory support, absence of COVID-19 analyses in autopsies and higher proportion of positive cases among younger people.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in France

paragraphs: The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached France on 24 January 2020, when the first COVID-19 case in both Europe and France was identified in Bordeaux.

paragraphs: The first five confirmed cases were all people who had recently arrived from China. A Chinese tourist who was admitted to hospital in Paris on 28 January died on 14 February, making it the first Covid-19 death in France. The annual assembly of the Christian Open Door Church between 17 and 24 February in Mulhouse which was attended by about 2,500 people was believed where the virus spread throughout France.

paragraphs: On 12 March, French President Emmanuel Macron announced on public television that all schools and all universities would close from Monday 16 March until further notice. The next day, Prime Minister Édouard Philippe banned gatherings of more than 100 people, not including public transport. The following day, the prime minister ordered the closure of all non-essential public places, including restaurants, cafés, cinemas and nightclubs, effective at midnight.

paragraphs: On 16 March, Macron announced mandatory home order for 15 days starting at noon on 17 March. This was extended twice, until 11 May, after which the order would end only if citizens wore face masks.

paragraphs: On 2 May, Olivier Véran announced that the government would seek to extend the health emergency until 24 July. Many mayors were against the 11 May lifting of the lockdown, which had been announced by the President a few weeks earlier in a televised address to the nation, and said it was too soon. Veran's bill was discussed in Senate on 4 May.

paragraphs: , France has reported over 140,734 confirmed cases, 27,074 deaths, and 58,673 recoveries, ranking sixth in number of confirmed cases, passing China where the outbreak began.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom

paragraphs: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic spread to the United Kingdom in late January 2020. By 13 May there had been

paragraphs: More than 90% of those dying had underlying illnesses or were over 60 years old. The infection rate is higher in care homes than in the community. There is large regional difference in the outbreak's severity. The outbreak in London has the highest number and highest rate of infections. England and Wales are the UK countries with the highest recorded death rate per capita, while Northern Ireland has the lowest.

paragraphs: The Department of Health and Social Care created a public health campaign to help slow the virus's spread, and began posting daily updates in early February.

paragraphs: In February, the Heath Secretary, Matt Hancock, proposed the Health Protection (Coronavirus) Regulations 2020, and hospitals set up drive-through screening. The Chief Medical Officer for England, Chris Whitty, created a four-stage strategy to tackle the outbreak: contain, delay, research and mitigate.

paragraphs: Transmission in the United Kingdom was first documented on 28 February, and by 1March there were cases in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.

paragraphs: The government created the Coronavirus Action Plan, and said the outbreak a "level4 incident".

paragraphs: On 11 March, the outbreak was declared a pandemic. Four days later—following the outbreak in Italy, the government said everyone should avoid all "non-essential" travel and contact with others, avoid crowds, and work from home if possible. Those with symptoms, and their household, were asked to self-isolate.

paragraphs: Pregnant women, the over 70s, and those with certain illnesses were asked to self-isolate for longer. Panic buying was reported.

paragraphs: On 20 March, the four governments shut all schools, restaurants, pubs, indoor entertainment venues and leisure centres, with some exceptions. On 23 March, the UK government made a lockdown on the whole population, banning all "non-essential" travel and contact with people outside one's home and shutting almost all businesses, venues, facilities, amenities and places of worship.

paragraphs: People were told to keep apart in public. Police were given the power to enforce the lockdown, and the Coronavirus Act 2020 gave the government emergency powers not used since the Second World War.

paragraphs: It is said that the lockdown will severely damage the UK economy, lead to millions of job losses, worsen mental health and suicide rates, and cause "collateral" deaths due to isolation, delays and falling living standards.

paragraphs: Researchers suggest the lockdown could be lifted by shielding only the most vulnerable and using contact tracing.

paragraphs: Some schools stayed open to teach the children of essential workers, at-risk children, and children with special education needs. However, adults who work for disabled students' rights told Parliament that British educators had unfairly sent special education students home without good reasons.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Canada

paragraphs: The COVID-19 pandemic in Canada is part of the ongoing worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 () caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ().

paragraphs: The disease was confirmed to have reached Canada on January 27, 2020, after a man who had returned to Toronto from Wuhan, Hubei, China, tested positive. , there have been over 134,000 confirmed cases, 118,000 recoveries and 9,000 deaths in the country. The Government of Canada says that around 11,000–22,000 deaths could happen over the course of the pandemic.

paragraphs: Most of those cases are in Canada's most populous provinces, Ontario (19,598 cases, 1,540 deaths) and Quebec (36,150 cases, 2,725 deaths).

paragraphs: Confirmed cases have been reported in all of Canada's provinces and territories, with the exception of Nunavut. An additional 13 cases involve citizens from the "Grand Princess" cruise ship.

paragraphs: Among the Canadians who contracted the virus was Sophie Grégoire Trudeau, wife of Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, who tested positive for the virus on March 12 after which the family went into self-isolation. By March 28, she had recovered.

paragraphs: Until March, all cases were linked to recent travel to a country with a large number of cases. The first case of community transmission in Canada was confirmed in British Columbia on March 5, and Toronto's chief health officer announced on March 16 that there is "some evidence of community transmission" (that the disease was spreading within the country).

paragraphs: In mid March, as cases of community transmission were confirmed, all of Canada's provinces and territories declared states of emergency. Provinces and territories made school and daycare shutdown, ended on gatherings, closed non-essential businesses, restrictions on entry, and mandatory self-isolation for travellers.

paragraphs: Canada severely restricted its border access.


title: Ryan Russell

paragraphs: Ryan Russell is an British actor, best known as presenting and leaving CBeebies and starring the role of Michael Bailey in the ITV soap opera Coronation Street since 2019. He studied Performance at the University of Salford and appearing onstage in It's a Wonderful Life and Cassio and in commercials for Superdrug and WeBuyAnyCar.com. Russell also one of the kids on World of Colours.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Ecuador

paragraphs: The COVID-19 pandemic was reported to have spread to Ecuador on 29 February 2020. That was when a woman in her 70s tested positive for the virus. Ecuador was described in April as the growing "epicentre" of the pandemic in Latin America.

paragraphs: The city of Guayaquil has had so many deaths that bodies are being left in the street. Ecuador gave out cardboard coffins because the country had diffculty removing all the dead bodies. The government was planning to build emergency cemeteries to dispose of the bodies which are left in the streets.

paragraphs: The number of deaths was believed to be higher than the official figure because not enough testing was being done. A "New York Times" analysis found 7,600 more deaths had happened from 1 March to 15 April as the mortality rate spiked to three times as much as usual. That showed that the official death toll was lower than the actual death toll.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Russia

paragraphs: The COVID-19 pandemic spread to Russia on 31 January 2020, when two Chinese tourists in Tyumen, Siberia and Chita, Russian Far East tested positive for the virus, with both cases being contained.

paragraphs: Early prevention measures happened within the first cases. They included restricting the border with China and large testing. The infection spread from Italy on 2 March, leading to more measures such as cancelling events, closing schools, theatres and museums, shutting the border, and declaring a non-working period which lasted up to 11 May, having been extended twice.

paragraphs: By the end of March, lockdowns were added in the large majority of federal subjects, including Moscow. By 17 April, cases were confirmed in all federal areas. On 27 April, the number of confirmed cases passed those in China and on 30 April, it passed 100,000.

paragraphs: As of 14 May, Russia has 252,245 confirmed cases, 53,530 recoveries, 2,305 deaths, and over 6.1 million tests performed, ranking second in number of confirmed cases. The city of Moscow is currently the most affected, having the majority of confirmed cases.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico

paragraphs: The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached Mexico in February 2020. However, the National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT) reported two cases of COVID-19 in mid-January 2020 in the states of Nayarit and Tabasco, one case per state.

paragraphs: As of May 13, there had been 40,186 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Mexico and 4,220 reported deaths, although the Secretariat of Health said in early May 2020 that there were more than 104,562 cases in Mexico.

paragraphs: On January 12, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed that a novel coronavirus was the cause of a respiratory illness in a large group of people in Wuhan, Hubei, China, which was reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) on December 31, 2019.

paragraphs: On January 22, 2020, the Secretariat of Health issued a statement saying that the novel coronavirus COVID-19 was not a threat to Mexico. 441 cases had been confirmed in China, Thailand, South Korea, and the United States. A travel warning was issued on January 9.

paragraphs: On February 28, Mexico confirmed its first three cases. A 35-year-old man and a 59-year-old man in Mexico City and a 41-year-old man in the northern state of Sinaloa tested positive and were held in isolation at a hospital and a hotel. They had travelled to Bergamo and stayed in Italy for a week in mid-February.

paragraphs: President Andrés Manuel López Obrador did not take the pandemic seriously such as the impact of coronavirus. He said "Pandemics ... won't do anything to us," and criticized the press and the opposition for its reportage.

paragraphs: A poll showed that 63% of Mexicans feared contracting Covid-19 and 25.5% feared dying from it. 28% said they were not willing to stay in their homes. 38.6% believed President López Obrador was handling the situation well, and 37% disapproved.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil

paragraphs: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have spread to Brazil on 25 February 2020, when a man from São Paulo tested positive for the virus.

paragraphs: As of 13 May 2020, 188,974 cases have been confirmed in the country, causing 13,149 deaths.

paragraphs: On 12 January, the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed that a novel coronavirus was the cause of a respiratory illness in a cluster of people in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, which was reported to the WHO on 31 December 2019.

paragraphs: On 17 March, Brazil's first coronavirus-related death was confirmed. At this time, there were 291 confirmed cases in the country. Three days later, State health departments reported almost a thousand confirmed cases across 23 of 26 states and also in the Federal District.

paragraphs: A month after the first confirmed case on February 26, the Ministry of Health reported that Brazil had 2,915 confirmed cases and 77 deaths. On 30 April, Brazil overtook China in number of confirmed cases, passing 87,000.

paragraphs: The pandemic has caused a large difference of responses from federal, state and local governments. On 27 March Brazil announced a temporary ban on foreign air travelers, and most state governors have added quarantines to prevent the spread of the virus.

paragraphs: Despite the global impact of the virus and guidelines from the World Health Organization, President Jair Bolsonaro says that the risk caused by coronavirus has been exaggerated. State governors have disagreed, causing lockdowns measures in their own states.

paragraphs: On 13 March, President Jair Bolsonaro tested negative for COVID-19. The same day, the Ministry of Health issued a warning recommending Brazilians and foreigners arriving in Brazil to stay in isolation for at least 7 days.


title: 2020 Pacific typhoon season

paragraphs: The 2020 Pacific typhoon season is an ongoing event of which when typhoons form in the Pacific Ocean. The season lasts all year, although most tropical cyclones form between May and October. The season's first tropical cyclone formed on May 10, making it the sixth-latest start in the basin on record.

paragraphs: Typhoon Vongfong (Ambo), the season’s first storm, became a Category 3 typhoon and struck the Philippines, causing extensive damages during the COVID-19 pandemic.

paragraphs: The first few months of 2020 were extremely quiet, with no tropical systems developing between the months of January and April. On May 10, the season saw its first tropical system with the development of Ambo, making it the sixth-latest starting season on record, as well as the latest since 2016. Two days later, the system strengthened to the first officially named tropical storm of the season, Vongfong. Vongfong then hit the Philippines at peak intensity, and weakened soon after landfall.

paragraphs: After Vongfong, a month of inactivity ensued, and on June 10, a new tropical depression formed off the coast of Samar, and was named Butchoy by the PAGASA a day later. Butchoy made landfall in the Philippines as the JTWC issued a tropical cyclone formation alert for it. It then got upgraded to a tropical storm, and impacted Hong Kong, Macau and parts of China upon landfall.

paragraphs: A low-pressure area near Micronesia slowly organized over the course of a few hours, and developed into a tropical depression soon after. It became the first tropical cyclone to form in the Western Pacific in 2020, and PAGASA named it "Ambo". Favourable sea temperatures, low wind shear and excellent vertical outflow made the system intensify into a tropical storm, then the JMA named it "Vongfong".

paragraphs: Less than a day later, when convection started to rapidly organize around the storm's center, and a well-defined rain band at the northwest side of the storm, JTWC upgraded it to a typhoon. Vongfong made landfall on Samar Island at around 12 PM Philippines Time. It began to weaken because of many landfalls over the Philippines, and emerged into the South China Sea on May 17. It turned north and dissipated due to high wind shear the next day, just south of Taiwan.

paragraphs: The JMA classified a tropical low east of the Philippines as a tropical depression on June 10.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal

paragraphs: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached Portugal in March 2020 by the Directorate-General of Health (DGS).

paragraphs: The first recorded cases of COVID-19 in Portugal were reported on 2 March. A week later, the Portuguese government declared the highest level of alert because of COVID-19 and said it would be maintained until 9 April.

paragraphs: On 18 March, the President of the Republic, Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, declared State of Emergency for the following fifteen days, with the possibility of it being extended. It was the first act of emergency since the Carnation Revolution in 1974. The act was extended on 2 April.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa

paragraphs: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed by Minister of Health Zweli Mkhize to have spread to South Africa on 5 March 2020. The first known case was a South African returning from Italy.

paragraphs: On 15 March, the President of South Africa, Cyril Ramaphosa, declared a national state of disaster, and announced measures like travel restrictions and the closure of schools from 18 March.

paragraphs: On 17 March, Ramaphosa created the National Command Council on COVID-19, "to lead the nation's plan to contain the spread and mitigate the negative impact of the coronavirus".

paragraphs: Parliament temporarily suspended all activities on 18 March. Both the African National Congress and Democratic Alliance postponed their respective elective congresses.

paragraphs: On 23 March, a national lockdown was announced, scheduled to start on 26 March 2020. On 9 April, Ramaphosa announced that it would be extended until the end of April.

paragraphs: On 21 April, a 500 billion rand stimulus was announced in response to the pandemic.

paragraphs: On 23 April, Ramaphosa announced that the lockdown restrictions would slowly be phased out. Level 4 started on 1 May. On 1 June, the country entered level 3.

paragraphs: Minister of Co-operative Governance and Traditional Affairs, Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, extended the state of disaster on 3 June. It was supposed to end on 15 June but will now end on 4 July.

paragraphs: The National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) started testing people in South Africa for SARS-CoV-2 on 28 January 2020, and by 7 February had done 42 such tests.

paragraphs: By mid-March, state hospitals were offering free COVID-19 testing.

paragraphs: On 11 June, the Health Department said that over 1 million tests had been completed.

paragraphs: , the median age of people with laboratory-confirmed cases was 38 years, and the median age of patients who died was 64.

paragraphs: , there were confirmed cases and confirmed deaths, as well as recoveries.


title: Stay-at-home order

paragraphs: A stay-at-home order (North America) or a movement control order (Southeast Asia) is an order from a government to lower/end movements of a population as a mass quarantine move for stopping an epidemic, or pandemic. This is done by ordering residents to stay home except for essential tasks or to work in essential businesses.

paragraphs: In many cases, outdoor activities are allowed. Nonessential businesses are either closed or made to working from home.

paragraphs: In some regions, it has added a curfew or called a shelter-in-place order, but it is not to be confused with a shelter in place situation.

paragraphs: Similar measures have been used around the world, but the term lockdown is used instead.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines

paragraphs: The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (), a novel infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (), spread to the Philippines on January 30, 2020. The first case of the disease was confirmed in Metro Manila.

paragraphs: The first case was a 38-year-old Chinese woman who was quarantined at a hospital in Manila. The second case was confirmed on February 2, that of a 44-year-old Chinese man who died a day earlier, which was also the first confirmed death from the disease outside mainland China.

paragraphs: The first case of someone without travel history abroad was confirmed on March 5, a 62-year-old male who was a Muslim prayer hall in San Juan, Metro Manila. The man's wife was confirmed to have contracted COVID-19 on March 7, which was also the first local transmission to be confirmed.

paragraphs: As of September 13, 2020, there have been 261,216 confirmed cases of the disease in the country. Out of these cases, 207,568 recoveries and 4,371 deaths were recorded.

paragraphs: The Philippines has the most number of cases in Southeast Asia, ahead of Indonesia and Singapore.

paragraphs: The largest single-day increase in the number of confirmed cases was on August 10, when 6,958 new cases were announced.

paragraphs: At least one case has been confirmed in all of the country's 17 regions.


title: Royal Flash (movie)

paragraphs: Royal Flash is a 1975 British adventure comedy movie directed by Richard Lester and is based on the 1970 novel of the same name by George MacDonald Fraser. It stars Malcolm McDowell, Alan Bates, Oliver Reed, Florinda Bolkan, Joss Ackland, Alastair Sim, Britt Ekland, Bob Hoskins, Bob Peck, Frank Grimes, Christopher Cazenove and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand

paragraphs: The first case of COVID-19 in New Zealand during the 2019–20 COVID-19 pandemic was reported on 28 February 2020. , the country has a total of 1,497 cases, of which 65 are currently active, and 21 people have died from the virus.

paragraphs: All borders and entry ports of New Zealand were closed to all non-residents at 11:59 pm on 19 March 2020, with returning citizens and residents being required to self-isolate. Since 10 April, all New Zealanders returning from overseas must go into two weeks of quarantine.

paragraphs: A four-level alert level system was added on 21 March to manage the outbreak within New Zealand.

paragraphs: On 16 March, Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern called for an end to public gatherings of more than 500 people and warned that the outbreak could lead to a recession greater than the 2008 global financial crisis.

paragraphs: On 4 March, a New Zealand woman in her 30s who had returned from northern Italy on 25 February was confirmed as the second case of the virus in New Zealand.

paragraphs: On 1 April, 61 new cases (47 confirmed and 14 probable) were reported, bringing the total to 708 (647 confirmed and 61 probable). That same day, it was reported that the Chatham Islands, which are part of New Zealand, were facing a food shortage due to panic buying.

paragraphs: On 1 May, 3 new cases (all confirmed) were reported, bringing the total to 1,479 (1,132 confirmed and 347 probable), and 11 new recoveries were reported, bringing the total 1,252. Six people were in hospital.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Japan

paragraphs: The COVID-19 pandemic was first confirmed to have spread to Japan in January 2020. Cases have been recorded in each of the 47 prefectures except for Iwate. The country has seen over 10,000 confirmed cases.

paragraphs: The Japanese government confirmed its first outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 () in the country on 16 January 2020 in a resident of Kanagawa Prefecture who had returned from Wuhan, China. A second outbreak was caused by travelers and returnees from Europe and the United States between 11 March and 23 March.

paragraphs: According to the , the majority of viruses spreading in Japan derive from the European type while those of the Wuhan type have been disappearing since March.

paragraphs: The Japanese government has created many measures to stop and slow down the outbreak. On 30 January, Prime Minister Shinzo Abe created a to take charge of the government's response to the pandemic.

paragraphs: On 27 February, Abe closed down all Japanese elementary, junior high, and high schools until early April.

paragraphs: On 7 April, Abe announced a one-month state of emergency for Tokyo and the prefectures of Kanagawa, Saitama, Chiba, Osaka, Hyogo, and Fukuoka. On 16 April, the declaration was extended to the rest of the country.

paragraphs: As the pandemic became a concern for the 2020 Summer Olympics, the Japanese government and the International Olympic Committee worked together for its postponement until 2021.

paragraphs: Medical experts and the media have criticized the Japanese government for under-testing for COVID-19. Medical experts said that the government have instead relied on the country's pneumonia surveillance to identify and treat severely-affected patients.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea

paragraphs: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic spread to South Korea on 20 January 2020, when the first case was announced.

paragraphs: The number of confirmed cases increased on 19 February by 20, and on 20 February by 58 or 70, giving a total of 346 confirmed cases on 21 February 2020.

paragraphs: With the fears of further contamination, mass gatherings in the affected cities were cancelled and a few hundred soldiers in Daegu are in isolation. On 4 February 2020, in order to help prevent the spread of COVID-19, South Korea began denying entry to foreigners traveling from Hubei Province.

paragraphs: By 23 September 2020, South Korea had about 23,216 cases and 388 deaths,and by 9 April 2020, with over 494,711 people having been tested.

paragraphs: South Korea created what was thought to be one of the largest and best-organised epidemic control programs in the world, along with Taiwan, Vietnam, and Singapore.

paragraphs: Different actions have been taken to screen the mass population for the virus, and isolate any infected people as well as trace and quarantine those who contacted them, without further lockdown.

paragraphs: The rapid tests taken by South Korea have been successful in limiting the spread of the outbreak, without added a mass quarantine action.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Norway

paragraphs: The COVID-19 pandemic began in Norway on 26 February 2020, with cases increasing during the month of March. Physical distancing actions were introduced on 12 March.

paragraphs: The first death caused by COVID-19 was documented on 26 February 2020. Most confirmed cases that were traced to outside Norway were Norwegian tourists returning from Austria and Italy.

paragraphs: Norway has performed 208,874 tests and reported 8,168 confirmed cases and 229 deaths.

paragraphs: One of the major reasons why the mortality rate was lower than in other European countries (such as Italy, Spain, the UK) was the high number of tests performed in Norway.


title: If I Had a Million

paragraphs: If I Had a Million is a 1932 American comedy drama movie directed by seven directors Ernst Lubitsch, Norman Taurog, Stephen Roberts, Norman Z. McLeod, James Cruze, William A. Seiter, H. Bruce Humberstone and starring Gary Cooper, Charles Laughton, George Raft, May Robson, Charles Ruggles, Gene Raymond. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam

paragraphs: The COVID-19 pandemic spread to Vietnam on 23 January 2020, when its first known case of COVID-19 was reported.

paragraphs: On 23 January, Vietnam confirmed the first two cases of COVID-19, a Chinese man (#1) travelling from Wuhan to Hanoi to visit his son who lived in Vietnam, and his son (#2), who was believed to have contracted the disease from his father. They were hospitalized in Ho Chi Minh City. On 29 January, the son fully recovered and was discharged. His father was discharged on 12 February.

paragraphs: From 17 to 23 April, no new cases were confirmed. However, there were reports of cases who tested positive again after being discharged. On 24 April, two more cases were confirmed: both were Vietnamese students who came back from Japan and quarantined on arrival.

paragraphs: Vietnam has been seen by the global media as having one of the best-organised epidemic control programs in the world, along with Taiwan and South Korea.

paragraphs: Despite not having the latest technology, the country's response to the outbreak has received praise for its quick response.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Denmark

paragraphs: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic was first confirmed to have spread to Denmark on 27 February 2020. As of 13 May 2020, there have been 10,667 confirmed cases. Among these, 533 patients have died, 8,663 have recovered, and 164 are in hospital, including 37 in intensive care.

paragraphs: Denmark was among the first European countries to introduce lockdown measures, starting on 13 March. Following a period of increase in hospitalizations, the number of people in hospital with COVID-19 has been falling since late March, with the number of cases in need of intensive care and ventilator being well below available resources. Starting on 15 April, a very slow and gradual reopening has been initiated, but if there are indications that the number of infections increases too fast, it will be reversed.

paragraphs: The pandemic was confirmed to have spread to Greenland in March 2020. There have been 11 confirmed cases, but none in need of hospitalization. The last infected person had recovered on 8 April and there are no known active cases in Greenland.

paragraphs: In an attempt to reduce the economic impact of the pandemic, the government has created a large economic packages with the support of all parties in Parliament. Nevertheless, it is expected that the decrease in GDP will be between 3 and 10% in 2020.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore

paragraphs: The first case relating to the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore was confirmed on 23 January.

paragraphs: By late-March and April, COVID-19 areas were detected at multiple areas for foreign workers, which soon caused a large number of new cases in the country. Singapore currently has the highest number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Southeast Asia, having overtaken Indonesia on 19 April.

paragraphs: To fight against COVID-19, a multi-ministerial committee was formed on 22 January with Minister for National Development Lawrence Wong and Minister for Health Gan Kim Yong as the co-chairs and Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong and Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Finance Heng Swee Keat as advisors.

paragraphs: Singapore also spent US$500,000 to support World Health Organization (WHO) efforts against COVID-19.

paragraphs: In response to the growing number of new cases, Singapore announced on 3 April a strict number of measures called a "circuit breaker" from 7 April to 4 May. The circuit breaker was extended to 1 June on 21 April.

paragraphs: National authorities began reporting on suspected cases on 4 January, however the first confirmed case of infection was reported on 23 January. The person was a tourist from Wuhan. Until 30 January, there were a total to 13 confirmed cases, all of whom were visitors to Singapore from China.

paragraphs: The first case involving a Singaporean was confirmed on 31 January after returning from Wuhan.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Iceland

paragraphs: The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached Iceland in February 2020.

paragraphs: , the total number of cases registered is 1,802, of which 1,780 have recovered and 10 have died. With a total population of 366,130 (as of 31 March 2020). The infection rate is 1 case per 203 people, one of the highest in the world. This is because more tests having been carried out in Iceland than any other country.

paragraphs: On 8 April, as the cases surged over 1,600 and more recoveries than new infections were recorded for the second day in a row. The total number of patients hospitalized in the country since the outbreak is 112.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Serbia

paragraphs: The COVID-19 pandemic in Serbia is a current outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 in Serbia caused by SARS-CoV-2.

paragraphs: Its first case in Serbia was reported on 6 March 2020. The case was a 43-year-old man from Bačka Topola who had travelled to Budapest.

paragraphs: As of 12 May 2020, 151,304 individuals were tested of which there have been 10,243 confirmed cases, 3,600 recoveries and 220 deaths in Serbia.

paragraphs: On 15 March 15, a state of emergency was declared. Many argue the declaration was against the constitution, since there was no debate among the MPs in the Serbian Parliament. All schools, Kindergarten and universities are closed.

paragraphs: The following day, a curfew from (20:00h) to (05:00) has been created across the whole country. In addition, people of the age of 65 and above have been forbidden to leave the house.

paragraphs: On 20 March, cafe bars, shopping malls, public transportation have all been closed. Food delivery, however is allowed.


title: Bolliger & Mabillard

paragraphs: Bolliger & Mabillard, commonly known as B&M, is a roller coaster company based in Monthey, Switzerland. After installing its first coaster in 1990, they have now installed more than 100 rollercoasters across the globe.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Jamaica

paragraphs: The COVID-19 pandemic in Jamaica is part of an ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed in Jamaica in 10 March 2020. It happened at the same time as the ongoing dengue fever epidemic in Latin America and the Caribbean.

paragraphs: On 12 January, the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed that a novel coronavirus was the cause of a respiratory illness on 31 December 2019.

paragraphs: Unlike SARS outbreak of 2003, the case fatality ratio for COVID-19 has been much lower, but the transmission has been greater, with a significant total death toll.

paragraphs: The government announced a travel ban between China and Jamaica. All people entering Jamaica from China will be quarantine for at least 14 days, and anyone who was allowed to land and shows symptoms of the virus will be put in immediate isolation.

paragraphs: On 12 March, Prime Minister Andrew Holness ordered all primary and secondary schools closed for 14 days.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Greece

paragraphs: The COVID-19 pandemic first appeared in Greece on 26 February 2020. , there have been 2,760 confirmed cases and 155 deaths.

paragraphs: The first COVID-19 case, a 38-year-old woman from Thessaloniki who had recently visited Νorthern Italy, was confirmed. Later cases in late February and early March related to people who had traveled to Italy, Israel and Egypt. The first death from COVID-19 in Greece was a 66-year-old man, who died on 12 March.

paragraphs: Following the first three cases in Greece, on 27 February all carnival events in the country were cancelled. Later, the closure of schools and the suspension of cultural events in the affected areas (particularly Ilia, Achaea and Zakynthos) were announced.

paragraphs: On 10 March, with 89 confirmed cases and no deaths in the country, the government decided to close down all schools for good and on 13 March, to close down all cafes, bars, museums, shopping centres, sports facilities and restaurants in the country.

paragraphs: On 16 March, all retail shops were also closed, two villages in Kozani were quarantined, and all services in all churches were suspended. On 18 and 19 March, the government announced a series of measures of more than 10 billion euros to support the economy, businesses and employees.

paragraphs: On 4 April these restrictions were extended until 27 April and on 23 April they were extended until 4 May.

paragraphs: The measures put in place in Greece are among the most strictest in Europe and have been praised internationally for having slowed the spread of the disease and having kept the number of deaths among the lowest in Europe.

paragraphs: Starting from 4 May, Greece began easing restrictions after a 42-day lockdown, with the gradual lifting of restrictions on movement and the restarting of business activity.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand

paragraphs: The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached Thailand on 13 January 2020, when the first case outside China was announced.

paragraphs: The first reported local transmission was confirmed on 31 January. The number of cases remained low throughout February, with forty confirmed by the end of the month. Cases had a sharp increase in mid-March. Confirmed cases rose to over a hundred per day over the following week, and public areas and businesses were ordered to close in Bangkok and several other provinces.

paragraphs: Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha declared a state of emergency, beginning on 26 March. A curfew has been announced, beginning on 3 April 2020.

paragraphs: The Thai government's response to the outbreak was based on surveillance and tracing. Temperature and symptom screening for coronavirus testing was added at international airports, as well as at hospitals for patients with travel or contact history.

paragraphs: Ads were introduced focused on self-monitoring for at-risk groups, practicing hygiene (especially hand washing), and avoiding crowds (or wearing masks if not possible).

paragraphs: While residents returning from high-risk countries were encouraged to self-quarantine, travel restrictions were not announced until 5 March, when four countries were designated as "disease-infected zones".

paragraphs: The government has been criticized for its slow response to the crisis. In early February, in response to concerns over hoarding and price increase of face masks, the government issued price controls. The move failed to prevent shortages among hospitals, and became a scandal. Criticism was also for the slow response to end foreign travel.

paragraphs: On 12 January, the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed that a novel coronavirus was the cause of a respiratory illness in a cluster of people in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, who had initially come to the attention of the WHO on 31 December 2019.

paragraphs: Unlike SARS of 2003, the case fatality ratio for COVID-19 has been much lower, but the transmission has been significantly greater, with a significant total death toll.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Finland

paragraphs: The first case of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic in Finland was confirmed on 29 January 2020, when a Chinese tourist visiting Ivalo from Wuhan tested positive for the virus.

paragraphs: On 31 December 2019, the Health Commission of Wuhan, Hubei, China, informed the WHO about a large number of acute pneumonia cases with unknown origin in its province. On 9 January 2020, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CCDC) reported the identification of the SARS-CoV-2 as the cause.

paragraphs: On 27 January, following the developments of COVID-19 outbreak in mainland China, Finland's Ministry for Foreign Affairs advised citizens to avoid unnecessary travel to Hubei province. The following day, Finnair announced it would be ending its five weekly routes to Nanjing and Beijing Daxing until the end of March.

paragraphs: On 30 January, Finland's health officials said that up to 24 Finnish people may have the virus.

paragraphs: On 16 March, the President of Finland, declared a state of emergency due to COVID-19. 272 laboratory-confirmed cases caused by COVID-19 had been diagnosed in Finland by 16 March 2020 at 2 pm.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland

paragraphs: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic reached Ireland on 29 February 2020, and within three weeks had spread to all counties.

paragraphs: On 12 March, the government shut all schools, colleges, childcare facilities and cultural institutions. St Patrick's Day festivals and events were cancelled. Taoiseach, Leo Varadkar addressed the nation that night. On 24 March, almost all businesses, venues, facilities and amenities were shut; but gatherings of up to four were allowed.

paragraphs: Three days later, the government banned all "non-essential" travel. People were made to keep apart in public.

paragraphs: The lockdown has caused a recession and a rise in unemployment, with a longer lockdown forecast to cause greater damage.

paragraphs: By mid-April, the National Public Health Emergency Team (NPHET) reported that the growth rate of the pandemic had been "as low as it needs to be", that the curve had flattened and that there would be no peak coming.

paragraphs: By 13 May, the Department of Health had confirmed

paragraphs: 1,497 deaths; a rate of 4,739 cases per million and 303 deaths per million population.

paragraphs: More than 90% of those that have died were aged over 65, and most also had underlying illnesses or lived in care homes.


title: Flatten the curve

paragraphs: Flattening the curve is a public health strategy to slow down the spread of the COVID-19 virus during the COVID-19 pandemic. The curve being flattened is the epidemic curve, a representation of the number of infected people needing health care over time.

paragraphs: During an epidemic, a health care system can break down when the number of people infected passes the health care system's ability to take care of them.

paragraphs: Flattening the curve means slowing the spread of the epidemic so that the peak number of people requiring care at a time is reduced, and the health care system does not pass its capacity.

paragraphs: Flattening the curve relies on techniques such as quarantine, stay at home orders, and social distancing.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Uruguay

paragraphs: The first cases of the COVID-19 pandemic in Uruguay were reported on 13 March by the Ministry of Public Health.

paragraphs: As of March 2020 there is an ongoing outbreak in Uruguay, with the first few cases imported from Italy and Spain.

paragraphs: The majority of early cases were caused by a wedding with 500 people in Montevideo. It was attended by a Uruguayan returning from Spain who later tested positive.

paragraphs: On 14 March, it was announced that the two patients who took the bus ride on 8 March caused some 200 contacts, who were seen as suspected cases with home quarantine recommended.

paragraphs: On 16 March, the government issued an order to close all border crossings except Carrasco International Airport. The border with Argentina was closed effective 17 March at midnight.

paragraphs: President Luis Lacalle Pou said that the idea of closing the border with Brazil was "a little more complex", because it is a dry land border, and many people living near the border. Lacalle Pou advised people over 65 to stay at home.

paragraphs: Flights from the United States were suspended effective 18 March, and from Europe effective 20 March at midnight (00:00), at which point the airport was to close.

paragraphs: The government recommended working from home and not traveling. To free up hospital beds, surgeries were rescheduled.

paragraphs: Temperature checks were introduced in prisons and activities for prisoners restricted.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Paraguay

paragraphs: The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have spread to Paraguay on 7 March 2020 in a 32 year-old man from Guayaquil, Ecuador, living in San Lorenzo, Central department.

paragraphs: On 10 March 2020, the Paraguayan government suspended classes and all activities that involve groups of people, as well as public and private events, for 15 days. Other measures include partial closure of borders, restricting entry of foreigners, and curfews.

paragraphs: On 20 March 2020, the first death and the first case of community transmission were confirmed. The government declared a total quarantine until 3 May, with free movement restricted completely. Public movement is restricted to buying food, medicine and other essential items.

paragraphs: On 4 May, the country began to “smart quarantine”, which is the slow return to work and social activities with social distancing and hygiene measures.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Peru

paragraphs: The COVID-19 pandemic was reported to have spread to Peru on 6 March 2020 when a 25-year-old man who had travelled to Spain, France and the Czech Republic tested positive.

paragraphs: On 15 March 2020, President Martín Vizcarra announced a country-wide lockdown, closing borders, slowing down domestic travel, and ending nonessential business, except health facilities, food vendors, pharmacies, and financial institutions.

paragraphs: Peru, with a total population of 32 million, has a total of 500 intensive care unit (ICU) beds available as of April 2020, and is working on expanding its nation-wide ventilator system from 40 to 540 machines within the coming months.

paragraphs: The engineering and production is supplied by the Peruvian military.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in the Czech Republic

paragraphs: The COVID-19 pandemic saw its first three confirmed cases in the Czech Republic on 1 March 2020.

paragraphs: On 12 March, the government declared a state of emergency, for the first time in the country's modern history for the area of the entire country. On 16 March, the country closed its borders and issued a nationwide curfew.

paragraphs: While originally planned until 24 March, the measures were later extended until 1 April and then again until the end of State of Emergency which was extended by the Chamber of Deputies until 30 April 2020 and then again until 17 May 2020.

paragraphs: A general closure of services and retail sale was in place from 14 March until 11 May, however all shops could conduct distance sales with delivery from 24 March onwards. Government didn't order closure of manufacturing plants, but many did so voluntarily during second half of March with gradual reopening from 14 April.

paragraphs: Czech Republic was first European country to make wearing of facemasks mandatory from 19 March onwards.

paragraphs: COVID-19 testing was made widely available with drive through locations from 14 March, and from 27 March anyone with a fever, dry cough or shortness of breath being eligible for a free test.

paragraphs: From 13 April onwards, COVID-19 testing passed its demand.

paragraphs: Contact tracing in the country included also voluntary disclosure of mobile phone position and debit card payments data for previous days and quaranting of identified contacts.

paragraphs: By 1 May 2020, altogether 257 COVID-19 related deaths were identified in the Czech Republic compared to 2,719 in similarly populous Sweden, which did not impose any lockdown.

paragraphs: Czech Republic started gradual easing of measures from 7 April 2020 onwards with most restrictions being lifted by 11 May 2020.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Hungary

paragraphs: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic spread to Hungary on 4 March 2020, when the first cases in the country were announced.

paragraphs: The first coronavirus-related death was announced on 15 March on the government's official website.

paragraphs: On 18 March, the government announced that the virus had spread to every part of the country.

paragraphs: As at the beginning the pandemic, Hungarians living in China who wanted to move back to Europe were transported home through France. The affected seven persons were under quarantine for two weeks. As they remained healthy during the next two weeks, they were released on 16 February.

paragraphs: The Government of Hungary launched its official webpage and official Facebook page about the novel coronavirus, both on 4 March 2020.

paragraphs: On 11 March, the Hungarian government declared a state of emergency.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in El Salvador

paragraphs: The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached El Salvador on 18 March 2020.

paragraphs: As of 13 May 2020, El Salvador reported 1,112 cases, 20 deaths and 405 recoveries.

paragraphs: On 31 March 2020, the first COVID-19 death in El Salvador was confirmed.

paragraphs: President Nayib Bukele banned public gathering of more than 500 people and shut down educational institutions on 17 March.

paragraphs: El Salvador had arrested more people for violating the quarantine than it had diagnosed cases of COVID-19, a total of 2,424 people had been arrested for violating quarantine orders, and 48,913 people had been tested for the virus.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Afghanistan

paragraphs: The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have spread to Afghanistan in Herat, was confirmed on 24 February 2020.

paragraphs: As of 14 May 2020, there have been 5,639 positive cases, with 691 recoveries and 136 deaths across all 34 provinces in the country. Kabul Province has the highest number of COVID-19 cases in Afghanistan at 1556, followed by Herat with 935 cases, and then Kandahar with 613 cases.

paragraphs: In March 2020, at least 150,000 Afghans returned from Iran, due to the outbreak across the country, at the Islam Qala border in Herat Province.

paragraphs: As many as over 1000 people a day crossed the border during the month. Between March and April 2020, the number of cases increased in Herat Province to over 200 cases.

paragraphs: At the Chaman and Torkham borders, over 60,000 Afghans returned from Pakistan in three days.

paragraphs: On 14 March, President Ashraf Ghani, told the public to avoid large public gatherings and to pay attention to hygiene to prevent the spread of the disease.

paragraphs: On 18 March, the Ministry of Interior Affairs banned all large gatherings, including the closure of venues that attract large crowds such as entertainment places, sports grounds, swimming pools, fitness clubs and wedding halls.


title: Arthur Holmes

paragraphs: Arthur Holmes (18901965) was an English geologist. He made two important contributions: the use of radioactive isotopes for dating minerals, and the suggestion that convection currents in the mantle play an important role in continental drift.

paragraphs: Holmes showed us that thermal convection currents were strong enough to move large land masses, which contributed to Alfred Wegener's theory of continental drift or theory of Plate tectonics. Harry H. Hess (19061969) also supported this view.

paragraphs: Holmes was a pioneer of geochronology, and performed the first accurate uranium-lead radiometric dating while an undergraduate in London. This gave a date of of 370 mya to a Devonian rock from Norway. This result was published in 1911, after his graduation in 1910.

paragraphs: Holmes worked on the problem of the age of the Earth all his life. He reached an approximately correct estimate by the 1940s of 4,500±100 mya.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan

paragraphs: The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached Pakistan on 26 February 2020.

paragraphs: The first case in Pakistan happened when a student in Karachi tested positive after returning from Iran. By 18 March, cases had been registered in all four provinces, the two autonomous territories, and the federal territory of Islamabad.

paragraphs: there have been over 34,300 confirmed cases with 8,812 recoveries and 737 deaths in the country. Punjab has recorded the most cases at over 13,200, while Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has reported the most deaths in the country, a total of 245.

paragraphs: The country has been put under a nation-wide lockdown until 9 May, which was initiated on 1 April and later extended twice. On 7 May, Prime Minister Imran Khan announced to slowly end lockdown phase from 9 May 2020.

paragraphs: According to a report by the federal government, Pakistan could have expected 50,000 cases of the disease by 25 April. However, the number by then remained under 13,000, less than half of what was expected.

paragraphs: Pakistan started vaccine trials in collaboration with Sinopharm, a Chinese pharmaceutical company in April 2020.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Venezuela

paragraphs: As part of an ongoing worldwide pandemic, the first two patients with COVID-19 in Venezuela were confirmed on 13 March 2020; the first death was reported on 26 March.

paragraphs: However, the first record of a patient claiming to have symptoms of coronavirus disease dates back to 29 February 2020, with government officials suspecting that the first person carrying the virus could have entered the country as early as 25 February.

paragraphs: Venezuela is particularly vulnerable to the pandemic because of its ongoing socioeconomic and political crisis causing massive shortages of food and basic necessities, including medical supplies.

paragraphs: The mass emigration of Venezuelan doctors has also caused chronic staff shortages in hospitals.

paragraphs: To prevent the spread of the disease into Venezuela, the governments of Brazil and Colombia temporarily closed their borders with Venezuela.

paragraphs: Stay-at-home orders were announced on 15 March, when the country registered another seven cases, and introduced the next day across six states and the Caracas area.

paragraphs: It was on the first day of the quarantine across six states, 16 March, that Argentina's ambassador in Venezuela, Eduardo Porretti, tested positive for the virus, and Nicolás Maduro announced that sixteen new cases were confirmed, bringing the total to 33. Maduro extended the quarantine to the entire country.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Panama

paragraphs: The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have spread to Panama on 9 March 2020.

paragraphs: , Panama reported 2528 cases, 63 deaths and 16 recoveries. One of the dead was a 64-year-old male, who also suffered from diabetes and pneumonia.

paragraphs: Of those infected, 83 were sent to a hospital. The infected individuals belong to the 29-59 age group and had each recently traveled abroad.

paragraphs: A 13-year-old girl died of Covid-19 on 23 March.

paragraphs: The government declared a state of emergency on 13 March 2020. The move frees US$50 million for a period of 180 days to purchase goods and services to combat COVID-19.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Bolivia

paragraphs: The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have spread to Bolivia when its first two cases were confirmed on 10 March 2020. They were in the departments of Oruro and Santa Cruz.

paragraphs: On 12 March, Bolivia ended all public school sessions until 31 March, as well as all commercial flights to and from Europe for a long time. They also prohibited large-scale public gatherings of more than 1,000 people.

paragraphs: Following the announcement of the first confirmed case, incidents were reported among the local population, including panic buying of surgical masks and hand sanitizer and blocking access to hospitals,

paragraphs: On 19 March a patient under observation who was required to stay in isolation tried to escape but was caught when he tried to take a trip between departments.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Iraq

paragraphs: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic was first confirmed to have spread to Iraq in February 2020.

paragraphs: Cases have been confirmed in all 19 Iraqi Governorates as of the 27 March, with the Iraqi Kurdistan region having 309 (26%) of those cases as of 8 April.

paragraphs: During the pandemic, Iraq reported its first confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections on 22 February 2020 in Najaf. By April, the number of confirmed cases had pass the hundred mark in Baghdad, Basra, Sulaymaniyah, Erbil and Najaf.

paragraphs: As of the 7 April, 28,414 tests have been done in Iraq as a whole (including the Kurdistan Region), with 1202 of them turning out positive.

paragraphs: Iraq is thought to be especially vulnerable to the epidemic due to being weakened by the Iraq war and United Nations sanctions, by sectarian conflict and the rise of Islamic State over the past three decades.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia

paragraphs: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic spread to Saudi Arabia on March 2, 2020, when the Ministry of Health confirmed the first case in the kingdom.

paragraphs: By April 8, as many as 150 members of the Saudi royal family had tested positive. The king's nephew, Faisal bin Bandar Al Saud, has been put in the intensive care unit over coronavirus problems.

paragraphs: As of May 12, the kingdom has 44,830 confirmed cases, the highest among the Arabian Gulf States with 17,622 recoveries and 273 deaths.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia

paragraphs: The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached Colombia on 6 March 2020.

paragraphs: On 6 March, the Ministry of Health and Social Protection confirmed Colombia's first case of coronavirus, a 19-year-old female patient who recently traveled to Milan, Italy.

paragraphs: On 12 March, four more cases were confirmed, two in Bogotá and two in Neiva. Authorities declared a health emergency, suspending all public events involving more than 500 people, as well as implementing measures intended to keep cruise ships from docking in any national port.

paragraphs: As of 17 March, Colombia is not allowing entry to those who are not Colombian citizens, permanent residents or diplomats.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina

paragraphs: The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have spread to Argentina on 3 March 2020, with 6,866 people being infected.

paragraphs: On 7 March, the Ministry of Health confirmed the country's first death, a 64-year-old man who had traveled to Paris, France, who also had other health conditions. The case was only confirmed as positive after the patient's death. This also marked the first documented death from the virus in the country.

paragraphs: On 19 March, Argentina entered a nation-wide lockdown. The Argentine government announced the extension of the lockdown, originally expected to end on March 31, then mid April, and later until 26 April.

paragraphs: On 25 April, President Alberto Fernández announced that the lockdown would be extended in major cities until 10 May. The lockdown was lifted up throughout all the country since 10 May, excepting the Greater Buenos Aires, as the lockdown is expected to continue in that urban area at least until 24 May.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Cuba

paragraphs: The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have spread to Cuba on 11 March 2020 when three Italian tourists tested positive for the virus.

paragraphs: On 11 March, the first three cases in Cuba were confirmed. The patients were Italian tourists. They were kept in isolation at the Pedro Kouri Tropical Medicine Institute in Havana.

paragraphs: The government told citizens to make their own face masks. People were told to carry several cloth face masks with them, depending on how many hours they plan to spend in public areas.

paragraphs: On 17 March, the number of confirmed cases increased to 7.

paragraphs: On 18 March, the number of confirmed cases increased to 10, and the first death was announced, a 61-year old Italian who had been one of the first three confirmed.

paragraphs: As of 30 March, the amount of confirmed coronavirus cases is at 170, with 4 deaths.


paragraphs: The COVID-19 pandemic in Trinidad and Tobago is part of the ongoing global viral pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was confirmed to have reached Trinidad and Tobago on 12 March 2020.

paragraphs: On 12 March, Trinidad and Tobago recorded its first case of COVID-19. It was a 52-year-old man who had recently been to Switzerland. He was self-isolated before he began showing symptoms of COVID-19.

paragraphs: On 13 March, a second case of COVID-19 was recorded by Trinidad and Tobago. Two more cases were confirmed on the night of 15 March, bringing the total to 4 cases.

paragraphs: On 26 March, the second reported COVID-19 death was an eighty-year-old male with pre-existing medical conditions. He was among the rescued cruise ship passengers quarantined at Camp Balandra.

paragraphs: On 16 March, Prime Minister Keith Rowley announced that the country will close its borders to everyone except Trinidad and Tobago nationals and health workers for the next 14 days. Additionally, bars were to be closed and the school closures extended until 20 April.


title: V.Flash

paragraphs: The V.Flash (known as V.Smile Pro in Europe; stylized as V.FLASH HOME EDUTAINMENT SYSTEM) is a seventh-generation educational home video game console. It is a spinoff of the V.Smile series of video game consoles and was manufactured and released by VTech. Unlike the V.Smile, the game console uses 3D graphics and is designed for kids aged 5+.

paragraphs: It was revealed at the 2006 London Toy Fair, and came out in September 2006.

paragraphs: Not many games were made for the console because it was not very successful. All games came out in the United States, the United Kingdom, Spain, France and Germany, except for of Bratz Fashion Pixiez: The Secret Necklace, which did not come out in the United Kingdom and Germany, Multisports, which was exclusive to Germany, and Scooby-Doo!: Ancient Adventure, which did not come out in Germany.

paragraphs: There are 10 titles known to have been released;

paragraphs: Unlike most other consoles that use CD-ROMs, this system's CD-ROMs are inside a plastic case to protect them from damage from touching, similar to 3.5" floppy disks or UMDs. The discs use the ISO 9660 file system, without any copy protection other than a simple sensor in the case jacket, making it possible to make a disc image from the disc. However, there are no known cases of piracy involving the V.Flash. Because of this, the V.Flash can also play audio CDs and user-recorded CD-Rs using the disc adapter that comes with the console.

paragraphs: The console's CPU is an ARM9 CPU from LSI Logic. Files are stored in 3 main formats: .mjp, .ptx, and .snd. .snd files are actually PCM WAV files.

paragraphs: The console can render 1.5 million polygons per second and has a 32 bit CPU, making the console directly comparable to fifth-generation game consoles, such as the PlayStation.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Chile

paragraphs: The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached Chile on March 2020.

paragraphs: On 3 March, The Minister of Public Health confirmed the first case of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in Chile, thus making the country the fifth in Latin America to report such an instance after Brazil, Mexico, Ecuador and Argentina.

paragraphs: The next day, two more cases were confirmed.

paragraphs: On 13 March, President Sebastián Piñera announced a ban on public events with more than 500 people, as the government tries to control the spread of coronavirus. A week later, he announced a state emergency.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Poland

paragraphs: In February and March 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic that started in late 2019, health authorities in Poland began laboratory testing of suspected cases of infection by SARS-CoV-2, one of the seven known human coronaviruses, as well as home quarantining and monitoring.

paragraphs: The first case of a laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in Poland was that of a man hospitalized in Zielona Góra, with confirmation announced officially on 4 March 2020.

paragraphs: The local transmission phase of SARS-CoV-2 in Poland was declared to the World Health Organization on 10 March.

paragraphs: The first death from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Poland was that of a 56-year-old woman on 12 March.

paragraphs: Polish authorities did not take part in the 28 February 2020 European Union procedure for purchasing COVID-19 pandemic related medical equipment, in which 20 other member states participated. Poland applied on 6 March for the 17 March tender for the purchase of gloves, goggles, face shields, surgical masks and protective clothing.

paragraphs: , there were 16,921 laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases, 839 deaths, and 6131 recoveries.

paragraphs: Lockdown-type control measures started on 10–12 March, closing schools and university classes and cancelling mass events, and were strengthened on 25 March. It limited non-family gatherings to two people and religious gatherings to six and did not allow any non-essential travel.

paragraphs: Death counts initially only included deaths from lab-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Starting on 1 April 2020, deaths that were clinically diagnosed as COVID-19 were also considered as COVID-19 deaths. , people in Poland who died in quarantine from suspected COVID-19 were not tested for SARS-CoV-2 in their autopsy.

paragraphs: , there were 269,307 people under quarantine for suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection and 42,783 SARS-CoV-2 tests had been made since the beginning of testing. The lockdown restrictions were tightened starting on 31 March–1 April, making individuals walking in streets to be separated by two metres, closing parks, boulevards, beaches, hairdressers and beauty salons.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in North Korea

paragraphs: There are no officially confirmed cases of COVID-19 in North Korea, though foreign analysts believe that the virus has spread to the country.

paragraphs: The North Korean government has taken extreme measures, including quarantines and travel restrictions.

paragraphs: On 25 July 2020, Leader Kim Jong-un held an emergency meeting after a suspected case of COVID-19 detected on North Korean town of Kaesong. Then the city was put on lockdown.

paragraphs: North Korea was one of the first countries to close borders due to COVID-19. The government has created widespread travel restrictions, including closing the border to foreign tourists in late January 2020 and then suspending flights and banning travel in and out of the country.

paragraphs: Though many parts of the border were closed, the bridge between Dandong and Sinuiju remained open and allowed supplies to be delivered.

paragraphs: In late February, the North Korean government said that it would keep the border closed until a cure was found.

paragraphs: On 18 March 2020, Kim Jong-un ordered the construction of new hospitals in North Korea.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Israel

paragraphs: The first case of the COVID-19 pandemic in Israel was confirmed on 21 February 2020, after a female citizen tested positive for coronavirus disease 2019 after return from quarantine on the "Diamond Princess" ship in Japan.

paragraphs: As a result, a 14-day home isolation rule was created for anyone who had visited South Korea or Japan, and a ban was placed on non-residents and non-citizens who were in South Korea for 14 days before their arrival.

paragraphs: Beginning on 11 March, Israel began enforcing social distancing and other rules to limit the spread of infection.

paragraphs: Gatherings were first restricted to no more than 100 people, but on 15 March this was lowered to 10 people.

paragraphs: On 19 March, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu declared a national state of emergency. Israelis were not allowed to leave their homes unless absolutely necessary.

paragraphs: As coronavirus diagnoses spiked in the city of Bnei Brak, reaching nearly 1,000 infected individuals at the beginning of April, the cabinet voted to declare the city a "restricted zone". On 12 April, Haredi neighborhoods in Jerusalem were placed under closure.

paragraphs: On 20 March, an 88-year-old Holocaust survivor in Jerusalem who suffered from previous illnesses was announced as the country's first death.

paragraphs: Minister of Health Yaakov Litzman and his wife tested positive for the coronavirus on 2 April; Litzman was the first member of the cabinet to be infected.


title: Diamond Princess (ship)

paragraphs: Diamond Princess is a British-registered cruise ship owned and operated by Princess Cruises. She began operation in March 2004 and mainly cruises in Asia during the northern hemisphere summer and Australia during the southern hemisphere summer.

paragraphs: "Diamond Princess" was built in Nagasaki, Japan, by Mitsubishi Industries.

paragraphs: There have been two known outbreaks of infectious disease on the ship – an outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by norovirus in 2016 and an outbreak of the COVID-19 coronavirus in 2020. At least 712 out of the 3,711 passengers and crew were infected, and fourteen have died.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Honduras

paragraphs: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic was first confirmed to have spread to Honduras on 10 March 2020.

paragraphs: The first case of COVID-19 was when two women tested positive for the disease after one of them landed on Toncontin International Airport in a flight from Madrid, Spain and the other on Ramón Villeda Morales Airport in a flight from Geneva, Switzerland.

paragraphs: , there are 1,685 confirmed cases in the country, 1211 in the Cortes Department, 259 in the Francisco Morazan Department, 56 in the Yoro Department, 47 in the Atlantida Department, and 42 in the Colon Department; 105 people have died and 154 have recovered from the virus and its complications.

paragraphs: Confirmed cases have been reported in 16 of the country's 18 departments.

paragraphs: Since then, the country has closed all of its borders. They suspended classes at all levels of education nationwide, ordered a nationwide curfew, and price freezes for basic food items and certain medical supplies and equipment. This was done to stop prices from going up due to panic buying.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt

paragraphs: The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached Egypt by 14 February 2020. As of 1 May 2020, there have been 5,895 confirmed cases, 1,460 recoveries and 406 deaths.

paragraphs: All flights from China to Egypt have been banned since 26 January. Egypt's health ministry announced the first case in the country at Cairo International Airport involving a Chinese national on 14 February.

paragraphs: Egyptian authorities had talked to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the patient had been placed in quarantined isolation in hospital.

paragraphs: On 8 March, a 60-year-old German citizen died in Hurghada, the first German fatality from the virus. The next day, the World Health Organization said that there were 56 confirmed cases in Egypt. On the same day, the Egyptian Minister of Tourism said that they discovered 3 additional cases with three people who work in a hotel.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium

paragraphs: The COVID-19 pandemic was first confirmed to have spread to Belgium on 4 February 2020.

paragraphs: The first case was when a Belgian national out of a group of nine Belgians came from Wuhan to Brussels was reported to have tested positive for the COVID-19 virus.

paragraphs: The disease spreading within Belgium was then confirmed early March, and was linked to holidaymakers returning from Northern Italy at the end of the half-term holidays.

paragraphs: As of 14 May 2020, there have been 54,288 confirmed cases reported by the Belgian authorities, with a total of 8,924 deaths and 14,111 discharged patients.

paragraphs: Currently, 1,966 people in Belgian hospitals are suffering from COVID-19, including 407 in intensive care. The actual number of victims maybe higher due to limited testing.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Syria

paragraphs: The COVID-19 pandemic was first recorded to have arrived in Syria on 14 March 2020. The first case was confirmed on 22 March.

paragraphs: The first case of COVID-19 in Syria possibly came from Pakistan where 8 individuals with a travel history including Syria were confirmed to have the virus.

paragraphs: Syria is considered very weak to the epidemic due to the ongoing civil war and horrible humanitarian situation.

paragraphs: According to the Syrian Ministry of Health, there are 5 labs that are able to test for the coronavirus located in 4 governorates.

paragraphs: According to the Syrian Ministry of Health, There are 32 quarantine centers for suspected COVID-19 cases located in 13 governorates (All governorates Except Idlib).

paragraphs: According to the Syrian Ministry of Health, there are 13 Treatment centers dedicated for COVID-19 patients located in 11 governorates.