title: Kenneth J. Alford

paragraphs: Frederick Joseph Ricketts (21 February 1881 – 15 May 1945) was a British composer of marches for band. He wrote music under the pen name Kenneth J. Alford. He was a Bandmaster in the British Army, and Royal Marines Director of Music. Conductor Sir Vivian Dunn called him "The British March King." Ricketts frequently used the saxophone in his music. This led to the instrument being used in all military bands.

paragraphs: Ricketts was born on 21 February 1881. He was the 4th child of Robert and Louisa (née Alford) Ricketts, who lived in London. Ricketts' father died when he was seven and his mother died when he was fourteen. His early musical training had been on playing the piano and organ and working as a church chorister. As a boy living in London’s East End he would often hear street musicians and bands. He decided that joining an army band would be best for his future.

paragraphs: Ricketts joined the Royal Irish Regiment in 1895. He was enlisted as a Band Boy. He was a good cornet player and was put into the regimental band. The band went with the regiment to Limerick in Ireland, and then to India. In his free time, Ricketts learned all the other band instruments. When he was 15 years old, he wrote his first piece, which was called "For Service Overseas". It has never been published. In 1903, he was recommended for entry into the Student Bandmaster Course at the Royal Military School of Music, in Twickenham, Middlesex. Musicians who were as young as Ricketts were not nominated very often, but Ricketts was very skilled.

paragraphs: Ricketts began a two-year course at Kneller Hall in the summer of 1904. This course was very difficult. He graduated in 1906.

paragraphs: In 1908, Ricketts became Bandmaster to the Band of the 2nd Battalion of the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders. He went to the Orange River Colony (formerly the Orange Free State) to lead them. This colony is now the Republic of South Africa. The colonel asked him to write a new march for the Argylls, so Ricketts wrote "The Thin Red Line". It was not published until 1925.

paragraphs: Ricketts wanted to compose music. However, it was not accepted for officers of Ricketts's rank to be engaged in commercial activities in the civilian world. Because of this, Ricketts decided to compose and publish under the pen name Kenneth J. Alford. The first march written under the new pen name was "Holyrood".

paragraphs: A few weeks before the start of World War I, Ricketts composed his most famous march, called "Colonel Bogey". No one knows exactly how Ricketts began composing it. Ricketts's widow claims that it came from a game of golf. She says that during the game, Ricketts and another member of the Argylls started whistling the notes that would become the march's melody.

paragraphs: Shortly after World War I started, Ricketts and the Band Boys of the Argylls were sent to the 3rd Battalion (Reserve) in Edinburgh. They stayed there through the whole war. During the war Ricketts wrote several marches dedicated to the British military: "The Great Little Army" (1916), "On The Quarter Deck," "The Middy," "The Voice of the Guns" (1917), and "The Vanished Army (They Never Die)" (1919).

paragraphs: In 1921, Ricketts applied to become a bandmaster for the Band of the Plymouth Division, which was part of the Royal Marines. He was interviewed and was offered the position. However, the old bandmaster, P.S.G. O'Donnell, was trying to apply for a position with an Army band, but members of the Royal Marines were not allowed to become members of the British Army. Because of this, Ricketts could not take the position, since O'Donnell remained with the Band of the Plymouth Division.

paragraphs: In 1927, Ricketts applied again to become a bandmaster with the Royal Marines. This time, he was approved. He became a lieutenant in the Royal Marines Band Service on 4 July 1927. He was posted to the Band of the Marines' Depot at Deal in Kent. In 1930, Ricketts was posted to the Band of the Plymouth Division.

paragraphs: On 5 September 1907, Frederick Joseph Ricketts was married to Miss Annie Louisa Holmes. This was while he was on staff at the Royal Military School of Music, Kneller Hall. Annie (Nan) Holmes came from a musical family. Her brother was a partner in the London music publishing house of Walsh, Holmes and Company. Nan often gave Ricketts ideas and helped him make decisions about compositions. They had six children, Kenneth (March 1909), Leo (April 1911), Sheila (May 1913), Paula (October 1916), Gordon (October 1918),and José (October 1922).

paragraphs: Ricketts retired from the Royal Marines on 1 June 1944 because of ill health. He died at his home in Reigate, Surrey, on 15 May 1945, after an operation for cancer. He had given almost 50 years of service to the Crown.


title: Yordy Reyna

paragraphs: Yordy Reyna (born 17 September 1993) is a football player from Peru. He plays as a striker for Red Bull Salzburg, in the Austrian Bundesliga.

paragraphs: Reyna started his career for Alianza Lima, where he played in the youth teams. In March 2011 he was promoted to the first team after scoring seven goals in the reserve team and in the 2011 Under-20 Copa Libertadores. In that season he won also the award for "breakthrough player" of the 2012 season.

paragraphs: In 2013, Yordy Reyna signed with the Austrian club Red Bull Salzburg for a fee of 2 million euros. Yordy Reyna played his first game for Red Bull Slazburg in a friendly match where he had a great performance and scored the game-winning goal.

paragraphs: Reyna played for the Peru Under-20 national team seven times in 2012 and 2013. On 22 March 2013, Reyna played his first senior match. It was to qualify for World Championships, and Peru won against Chile by scoring 1-0.


title: Halton Arp

paragraphs: Halton Christian "Chip" Arp (March 21, 1927 – December 28, 2013) was an American astronomer. He was known for his "Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies", published in 1966. Arp was also known as a critic of the Big Bang theory and for helping a non-standard cosmology to create an intrinsic redshift.

paragraphs: Arp was born on March 21, 1927 in New York City. He studied at the California Institute of Technology. Arp was married three times. He had four daughters.

paragraphs: Arp died on December 28, 2013 in Munich. He died from a stroke, aged 86.


title: Wojciech Kilar

paragraphs: Wojciech Kilar (17 July 1932 – 29 December 2013) was a Polish classical and movie composer. He was known for his composing in "Bram Stoker's Dracula" and "The Pianist". He received many awards throughout his fifty years of composing.

paragraphs: Kilar was born on 17 July 1932 in Lwów, Poland (present-day Lviv, Ukraine). He studied at State Higher School of Music and at State Higher School of Music.

paragraphs: Kilar married Barbara Pomianowska in April 1966. They had no children. Their marriage lasted for almost over forty years. Pomianowska died in November 2007.

paragraphs: Kilar composed many movie compositions. He composed the trailer music for "Schindler's List". He also composed the music for "Promised Land" and for "Dracula". He composed his musical works during a festival for Pope John Paul II.

paragraphs: In 1991 Polish filmmaker Krzysztof Zanussi made a movie about his life titled "Wojciech Kilar".

paragraphs: Kilar, who was suffering from brain cancer during his final years, from which he died on 29 December 2013 in Katowice, Poland at the age of 81.


title: Mary Wibberley

paragraphs: Mary Wibberley ( – 29 December 2013) was an English romantic fiction writer. She wrote over 48 romance novels. Her first novel, "Black Niall", was published in 1973.

paragraphs: Wibberley died after a short illness on 29 December 2013. She was aged 79.


title: Eero Mäntyranta

paragraphs: Eero Antero Mäntyranta (20 November 1937 – 30 December 2013) was a Finnish skier. He has won several medals and the Winter Olympic Games.

paragraphs: He competed in four Winter Olympics from 1960 to 1972. He won seven medals at the first three of them. This makes him one of the most successful skiers in Finland. His success at the 1964 Winter Olympics earned him the nickname "Mister Seefeld". The Finnish Ministry of Education honored him with the Pro Urheilu letter of recognition in 2000. There is a museum called Mäntyranta in Pello.

paragraphs: Mäntyranta died on 30 December 2013 from a heart attack. He died in Pello, aged 74.


title: Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni

paragraphs: Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni is an Indian-American author and poet. She writes for both adults and children. In 1991 her first collection of poems, "Black Candle", was published. In 1995 she won the American Book Award for "Arranged Marriage: Stories". Her 1997 novel "Mistress of Spices" was made into a movie.


title: Junot Díaz

paragraphs: Junot Díaz (born December 31, 1968) is a Dominican-American writer. His first novel "The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao" was published in September 2007. In 2008 it won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. It also won the John Sargent Sr. First Novel Prize. His next novel has not been published yet. It is called "Monstro".

paragraphs: Díaz was born in Villa Juana, a neighborhood in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. In December 1974 he moved to New Jersey.

paragraphs: Díaz's first collection of short stories, "Drown", was published in 1996. His first novel, "The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao" was published in 2007. It is about a Dominican boy called Oscar Wao, who is growing up in New Jersey. It took him 11 years to write. The book uses both English and Spanish. In 2012 Díaz released a collection of short stories called "This Is How You Lose Her". He was given the $500,000 MacArthur "Genius grant" award. In 2013 he won the £30,000 Sunday Times EFG Private Bank short story prize. Díaz joins other Hispanic-American writers such as Gloria Anzaldúa, Sandra Cisneros, and Giannina Braschi who use Spanglish phrases in their stories. Spanglish is a mix of English words and Spanish words.


title: Saul Williams

paragraphs: Saul Stacey Williams (born February 29, 1972) is an American singer, poet, and actor. He played the main character in the 1998 movie "Slam".

paragraphs: Williams was born in Newburgh, New York. For high school he went to Newburgh Free Academy.

paragraphs: He became an open mic poet in 1995. In 1998 he played Ray Joshua, the main character in the movie "Slam". He also helped write the script. In 2001 he released his first album "Amethyst Rock Star". His second album "Saul Williams" was released in 2004. His third album "The Inevitable Rise and Liberation of NiggyTardust!" was released on November 1, 2007. It was produced by Trent Reznor.

paragraphs: Williams is vegan. He lives in Paris. He identifies as queer.


title: Fernando Luján

paragraphs: Fernando Luján (born Fernando Ciangherotti Díaz; August 23, 1939 – January 11, 2019) was a Colombian-born Mexican movie and television actor. He was known for his many roles on telenovelas. His career began in 1952 and appeared in over 50 movies and hundreds of television shows. He starred as Leonardo's father in "Overboard" (2018).

paragraphs: Luján was born on August 23, 1939 in Bogotá. He died from respiratory failure on January 11, 2019 in Puerto Escondido, Oaxaca at the age of 79.


title: Andrew Jacobs, Jr.

paragraphs: Andrew "Andy" Jacobs, Jr. (February 24, 1932 – December 28, 2013) was an American lawyer and politician. Jacobs was in the United States House of Representatives for 30 years.

paragraphs: His father, Andrew Jacobs, was also a congressman for one term. He once was married to Martha Keys of Kansas, whom he was in the House with for a time. In 1988, Jacobs married Kimberly Hood Jacobs, an Emmy Award-winning television reporter.

paragraphs: Jacobs died on December 28, 2013 at his home in Indianapolis, Indiana. He died from natural causes, aged 81.


title: Columbia Railroad Bridge

paragraphs: The Columbia Railroad Bridge, which is also called the Columbia Bridge, is a bridge in the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is run by the CSX Transportation train company, who uses the bridge to transport goods in the Trenton Subdivision area. The bridge goes over the Schuylkill River. It is in a park called Fairmont Park.

paragraphs: The bridge has been built three times. First, it was built in 1834. It was a covered bridge. The bridge was made from pine tree wood. The government of the state of Pennsylvania and the Philadelphia and Columbia Railroad company built it. The bridge was bought by the Reading Railroad in 1851.

paragraphs: The next bridge was built in 1886 by the Reading Railroad. It was made of iron and was very strong, so trains carrying very heavy things could go over it.


title: Joseph Ruskin

paragraphs: Joseph Ruskin (born Joseph Schlafman; April 14, 1924 – December 28, 2013) was an American character actor. He appeared in over 100 movies during his 50-year career. He appeared in "Get Smart", "Star Trek", "Alias", and in "The Twilight Zone".

paragraphs: Ruskin died on December 28, 2013 at a hospital in Santa Monica, California. He died from natural causes, aged 89.


title: Michael McDonald (singer)

paragraphs: Michael McDonald (born February 12, 1952) is an American singer and songwriter. He is known for a soulful baritone singing style. He began his career singing back-up vocals with Steely Dan. He became a member of The Doobie Brothers from 1976 to 1982. This period which resulted in several successful songs for the band. He has won five Grammy Awards.

paragraphs: McDonald was born in St. Louis, Missouri.


title: The Wyatt Family

paragraphs: The Wyatt Family is a professional wrestling stable that currently competes in the WWE. The members of the stable are Bray Wyatt (the leader), Erick Rowan, and Luke Harper.

paragraphs: The stable is portrayed as a backwoods cult with Bray Wyatt as their leader.

paragraphs: He debuted his character in "NXT" and it was drew comparisons to Max Cady of the 1991 movie Cape Fear and Waylon Mercy (a character portrayed by WWF alumni Dan Spivey). He formed The Wyatt Family in November and introduced Luke Harper as his first "son" and Erick Rowan as his second "son". Harper and Rowan competed in the NXT Tag Team Championship tournament to crown the first champions. They defeated Percy Watson and Yoshi Tatsu in the first round and Bo Dallas and Michael McGillicutty in the semi-finals. They lost to Adrian Neville and Oliver Grey in the finals. Wyatt returned from a torn pectoral muscle and had a match on the February 21 episode of "NXT" where he defeated Yoshi Tatsu. Harper and Rowan won a triple threat elimination tag match on the May 2 episode of "NXT" to earn a shot at the championships. Wyatt also had a match against Chris Jericho later in the show but was defeated. Harper and Rowan won the NXT Tag Team Championships after they defeated Neville and Bo Dallas (who was filling in for an injured Grey) on the May 8 episode of "NXT" (taped on May 2). Harper and Rowan held the titles for 49 days and were defeated by Adrian Neville and Corey Graves on the June 20 episode of "NXT" (aired on July 17).

paragraphs: The Wyatt Family debuted and attacked Kane after his match with Christian on the July 8 episode of "Raw". The Wyatt Family would then send cryptic messages to Kane asking him to "follow the buzzards". Kane challenged Wyatt to a Ring of Fire match at SummerSlam and Wyatt accepted his challenge. They made their pay-per-view debut at SummerSlam where they defeated Kane in the Ring of Fire match, following interference from Harper and Rowan. On October 6, 2013 at Battleground, Wyatt defeated Kofi Kingston in a match. Their winning streak came to an end when they were defeated by Cody Rhodes and Goldust on the October 11 episode of "SmackDown". They then feuded with Daniel Bryan and CM Punk and faced them at Survivor Series but were defeated. The Wyatt Family faced Daniel Bryan in a 3-on-1 handicap match at where they defeated him. They defeated Daniel Bryan, Cody Rhodes, and Goldust in a 6-man tag team match on the December 23rd episode of "Raw" and were defeated by the team of Daniel Bryan, CM Punk, and John Cena at Tribute to the Troops.

paragraphs: Daniel Bryan faced all three members of The Wyatt Family in a Gauntlet match on the December 30th episode of "Raw". Bryan defeated Harper and Rowan by pinfall and Wyatt by disqualification.<ref name="Raw 12/30/13"></ref> After the match, The Wyatt Family beat down Bryan until Bryan finally joined them.

paragraphs: Two weeks later, on the January 13, 2014 "Raw", Bryan turned against the Family, attacking the other three members in the ring. A few days before that "Raw" show, thousands of fans at a Michigan State University basketball game repeated Bryan's "Yes!" chant. This received large Internet exposure and major coverage on ESPN. One writer for Yahoo! Sports thought that WWE had Bryan turn against the Family because of the Michigan State incident.


title: Dolores Huerta

paragraphs: Dolores Clara Fernandez Huerta (born April 10, 1930) is a labor leader and civil rights activist. Huerta, along with César Chávez, founded the National Farmworkers Association. This later became the United Farm Workers (UFW).

paragraphs: Huerta has received many awards for her community service and her support for workers', immigrants', and women's rights. These include the Eugene V. Debs Foundation Outstanding American Award, the United States Presidential Eleanor Roosevelt Award for Human Rights, and the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Huerta is a role model to many in the Latin community. She is the subject of many corridos (ballads) and paintings.


title: Ronald Reagan Day

paragraphs: Ronald Reagan Day is a state holiday in California, Illinois and Wisconsin. It is celebrated on February 6 each year. The holiday is to remember the life of Ronald Reagan. All state government offices, community colleges, schools, and libraries are closed.

paragraphs: For the 100th anniversary of Reagan's birthday in 2011, governors in 21 states declared February 6 to be Ronald Reagan Day.


title: Mandela Day

paragraphs: Nelson Mandela International Day (or Mandela Day) is an international holiday in honor of Nelson Mandela who has contributed for social justice, toleration against racist discrimination, world peace and conflict resolution. It is celebrated each year on 18 July (Mandela's birthday). The day was officially declared by the United Nations General Assembly in November 2009.

paragraphs: The first UN Mandela Day was held on 18 July 2010. However, other groups had celebrated Mandela Day the previous year, on 18 July 2009. This was Mandela's 91st birthday. A series of concerts art exhibitions, fundraising and educational events were held. They led up to a concert at Radio City Music Hall.


title: Nelson Mandela International Airport

paragraphs: Praia International Airport is an airport on Santiago Island in Cape Verde. It was opened in late 2005, replacing the old Francisco Mendes International Airport.

paragraphs: It is about 3 kilometres northeast of central Praia in the southeastern part of Santiago Island. At the beginning of 2012, the airport was renamed after Nelson Mandela.

paragraphs: The first flight to the new airport was on October 23, 2005. Even though the airport serves the capital and largest city, Praia, Cape Verde's main international airport is Amílcar Cabral International Airport. This is on the smaller island of Sal.


title: Bolometric magnitude

paragraphs: Bolometric magnitude is the total magnitude of all electromagnetic radiation of a star or other object. It is an extension of luminosity to include all kinds of radiation.


title: Deaths in 2014

paragraphs: The following is a list of notable deaths in 2014. For notable deaths for different months, please see "Months".


title: John Fortune

paragraphs: John Fortune (30 June 1939 – 31 December 2013) was a British satirist, comedian, writer and actor. He was best known for his work with John Bird and Rory Bremner on the television series "Bremner, Bird and Fortune". He studied at Bristol Cathedral School and King's College, Cambridge, where he met John Bird.

paragraphs: Fortune died from leukemia, at the age of 74.


title: OMG Girlz

paragraphs: The OMG Girlz is an American girl group. The group was started in 2009 in Atlanta by Tameka "Tiny" Cottle and Kiesha Miles, who were members of the girl group XScape. The members are Zonnique Pullins (Miss Star), Bahja Rodriguez (Miss Beauty), and Breaunna Womack (Miss Babydoll). Reginae, the daughter of Lil' Wayne, was a member until 2010. They are all African American teenagers. They have a quirky image. Their first single "Ain't Nobody" was released in 2010. In 2011 the band were signed to Grand Hustle Records. Their first album, "Officially Miss Guided", has not been released yet.


title: Johnny Orr

paragraphs: John M. "Johnny" Orr (June 10, 1927 – December 31, 2013) was an American basketball player and coach. He was best known for as the head coach of men's basketball at the University of Michigan and at Iowa State University. He remains the coach with most wins in Iowa State history, with 218 wins and 200 losses.

paragraphs: Orr died from congestive heart failure at the age of 86.


title: Kelly Carlson

paragraphs: Kelly Carlson (born February 17, 1976) is an American actress and model. She is best known for playing Kimber Henry in "Nip/Tuck". She played a motorcycle gang member in "3000 Miles to Graceland".

paragraphs: Carlson was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota.


title: Ballades (Chopin)

paragraphs: Frédéric Chopin's ballades are four one-movement pieces for solo piano. He composed them between 1835 and 1842. The four ballades are said to have been inspired by Polish poet Adam Mickiewicz. The exact inspiration for each individual ballade, however, is unclear and not agreed upon.

paragraphs: Ballades were composed before Chopin, in literature and Italian Renaissance music. But, Chopin invented the "ballade" as an abstract musical form. The ballade is a distinct form and cannot be placed into another form (e.g. sonata). After Chopin, other composers such as Franz Liszt and Johannes Brahms also wrote ballades.

paragraphs: The ballades are thought to be the best of Chopin's compositions and of romantic music. The ballades are difficult for pianists to play, even after they learn the technical difficulty of the notes. There are still the creative expressions to be mastered.

paragraphs: All four ballades are from 8 to 12 minutes in length. They are in triple time (three beats to a bar), or in 6/4 or 6/8 time. Each is an individual work and should not be played as a group in a concert. Even Chopin did not do this. He wanted listeners to find their own interpretation of the music. Each piece has its own poetry, drama and story.

paragraphs: Chopin's four ballades are very popular pieces and are often heard in concerts around the world. There have been many recordings made of the ballades by classical pianists.


title: China Anne McClain

paragraphs: China Anne McClain (born August 25, 1998) is an American actress, singer, and songwriter. The first movie she acted in was "The Gospel". It was released in 2005. Between 2006 and 2012 she played Jazmine Payne in "Tyler Perry's House of Payne".

paragraphs: McClain first acted in the 2005 movie "The Gospel". Tyler Perry saw the movie and gave her the role of Jazmine Payne in "Tyler Perry's House of Payne".

paragraphs: In 2009 McClain played Alana Collins in "Hurricaine Season". In 2011 McClain won the prize for Best Performance - Comedy at the NAMIC Vision Awards for her role in the show. McClain started acting in the Disney sitcom "A.N.T. Farm" in 2011. She played the main character, Chyna Parks. The show lasted three seasons. McClain sung the show's theme song, "Exceptional". It was released on a soundtrack album called "A.N.T. Farm" in 2011. Two singles were released from the album. It reached number 29 in the American albums chart.

paragraphs: In 2014, McClain played Gabby Harrison in Disney Channel movie "How to Build a Better Boy".

paragraphs: McClain was born in Atlanta to African American parents. Her father is Michael McClain, a music producer. Her mother, Shontell, a songwriter.


title: Shrimp toast

paragraphs: Shrimp toast or prawn toast is a Chinese dim sum dish. It is small triangles of bread, brushed with egg and topped with chopped shrimp and water chestnuts. It is baked or deep fried. It is often served as an appetizer in Chinese restaurants in Australia and the United States. In some countries, such as the United Kingdom and Australia, sesame seeds are sometimes sprinkled on the dish before it is baked or deep fried.


title: Marian Anderson

paragraphs: Marian Anderson (February 27, 1897 - April 8, 1993) was an American contralto singer. She was the first African American to sing at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City.

paragraphs: Marian Anderson was born on February 27, 1897 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Her parents were African American Christians. All the Anderson family went to the Union Baptist Church in South Philadelphia. She first sang in public when she was six years old. Anderson went to Stanton Grammar School. Her family could not afford to send her to high school. They did not have enough money to pay for music lessons either. Until she was sixteen Anderson taught herself to play the piano and violin. The pastor of Anderson's church and other leaders of the black community raised money for Anderson to go to high school and have music lessons. After high school, Marian applied to an all-white music school, the Philadelphia Music Academy. She was rejected for being black. In 1925, when she was 23 years old, Anderson won a singing competition.

paragraphs: In 1930 Anderson performed in Europe for the first time at Wigmore Hall in London. She liked Europe because people were less racist to her there than in the United States. 1935 Anderson did a concert at the White House. There she met Eleanor Roosevelt, the wife of Franklin Roosevelt. Eleanor Roosevelt and Anderson were friends for the rest of Roosevelt's life.

paragraphs: In 1938 Anderson did a 70-concert tour in the United States. In 1939 the Daughters of the American Revolution would not let Anderson perform in the DAR Constitution Hall to an audience of blacks and whites. The District of Columbia Board of Education also said that Anderson could not perform at a white high school Charles Edward Russell gave a meeting about this the next day. At the meeting the Marian Anderson Citizens Committee was formed. The group planned a protest at the next board of education meeting. President Roosevelt and Walter White got the Secretary of the Interior Harold L. Ickes to arrange an open air concert on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial. On Easter Sunday 1939 Anderson performed on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. to a crowd of 75,000 people that contained both blacks and whites. She started the concert by singing "America". She also sung “My Country, ’Tis of Thee”. The concert has been described as having started the civil rights movement for equality between African Americans and white Americans. A documentary film was made of the concert. In 2001 the film was added to the by the Library of Congress.

paragraphs: In 1943 Anderson was given the $10,000 Bok Prize by the city of Philadelphia. She sung at the Constitution Hall.

paragraphs: On January 7, 1955, she became the first African American to perform at the Metropolitan Opera House. In 1956 she performed there again. In 1957 Anderson's autobiography, "My Lord, What a Morning", was published. That year Anderson also toured India as an ambassador for the United States.

paragraphs: In 1964 Anderson started her last tour. The tour began in the Constitution Hall. Anderson gave her last concert of the tour and her career in 1965 at Carnegie Hall.

paragraphs: In 1991 Anderson was given the Grammy Award for Lifetime Achievement. She died of congestive heart failure on April 8, 1993 in Portland, Oregon at her nephew's home. She was 96 years old. She was buried in Eden Cemetery in Philadelphia. In 2009 there was a tribute concert for Anderson at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, DC.

paragraphs: Anderson started living at a farm in 1940. In July 1943, Marian married Orpheus H. Fisher in Connecticut.


title: Charles Edward Russell

paragraphs: Charles Edward Russell (September 25, 1860 – April 23, 1941) was an American journalist and politician. He started the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People with people including W. E. B. Du Bois, Ida B. Wells, Archibald Grimké, Henry Moskowitz, Mary White Ovington, Oswald Garrison Villard, William English Walling (the last son of a former slave-holding family), and Florence Kelley in 1909. For the rest of his life Russell worked on the board of directors. Russell also wrote 27 books. In 1928 he won a Pulitzer Prize for "The American Orchestra and Theodore Thomas".

paragraphs: Charles Edward Russell was born in Davenport, Iowa on September 25, 1860. His father was a newspaper editor at the "Davenport Gazette". Russell went to St. Johnsbury Academy for high school.

paragraphs: Russell worked as a "muckraker". A muckraker was a journalist who reported about how capitalism was bad. In 1902, Russell's first book, "Such Stuff as Dreams", was published. Russell joined the Socialist Party of America in 1908. He was a member until 1917. Russell was the Socialist candidate for Governor of New York in 1910 and 1912. He was a candidate for U.S. Senator from New York in 1914. Russell's memoir "These Shifting Scenes" was published in 1915. Russell acted in the 1917 movie "The Fall of the Romanoffs". In 1928 Russell won the Pulitzer Prize for his biography "The American Orchestra and Theodore Thomas". In 1933 Russell's second memoir "Bare Hands and Stone Walls" was published. Russell was an editorial writer for social democratic magazine The New Leader.

paragraphs: Russell had one child, John Russell. Charles Edward Russell died on 23rd April 1941.


title: Dana Perino

paragraphs: Dana Marie Perino (born May 9, 1972) is an American journalist. She was the White House Press Secretary under President George W. Bush, from September 2007 to January 2009. She is currently a political commentator working for Fox News. She works for the program "The Five".

paragraphs: Perino was born in Evanston, Wyoming. She was raised in Denver, Colorado.


title: Megyn Kelly

paragraphs: Megyn Marie Kelly (born November 18, 1970; previously called Megyn Kendall) is an American reporter on Fox News and NBC. She hosted "The Kelly File". She previously hosted "America Live" on Fox News and "Megyn Kelly Today" on NBC. She also hosts the channel's New Year's Eve Special Live every December 31.

paragraphs: On October 26, 2018, NBC News announced the cancellation of "Megyn Kelly Today" in the wake of defending blackface as Halloween costumes.


title: Phillis Wheatley

paragraphs: Phillis Wheatley (May 8, 1753 – December 5, 1784) was a poet. She was the first African-American person to have a book published. She was born in West Africa. However it is not known which country she was born in. It was Senegal or The Gambia. She took work as a slave in the United States when she was about seven years old on a slave ship called The Phillis. Her master and his wife taught her how to read and write. Wheatley wrote her first published poem when she was 13. She wrote over 100 poems in her life and at least 30 had lost.Although she was an African slave, Phillis Wheatley was one of the best-known poets in America. In 1770 Wheatley wrote a poetic tribute to the evangelist George Whitefield. A lot of people said good things about the poem. In 1773 a collection of 39 poems Wheatley had written, "Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral by Phillis Wheatley..." It was the first writings by an African American woman to publish in public. The book made her famous in England and the American colonies. There was a poem in the book about slave trader brought people from Africa to America. Other than this Wheatley did not write much poetry about slavery. Wheatley's mistress Mrs. Wheatley died on October 18, 1773. At this point Wheatley did not have to do household chores anymore. Yet, it was not until 1778 that she had set free when her master, John Wheatley, died. That year she married John Peters. Peters was a free black grocer. They had two children. Both of them died when they were babies. Her husband got put in prison in 1784 for debt. After this Wheatley became very poor. Wheatley died of illness in 1784 in Boston. She was 31 years old.

paragraphs: Phillis Wheatley was born around 1753 in Gambia, Africa. She captured by slave trader and brought to America in 1761, which she was only a seven or eight years old young girl. Her front teeth was missing that time. When she arrived America, she got sold to Wheatley family in Boston, Massachusetts. The reason John Wheatley purchased her was that he needed some young girls to serve his wife, who has weak body. In addition, the Wheatley family educated her. After sixteen months, she can read the Bible, and books in different three languages. Wheatley family saw the talent from her, so they allow her to focus on her study. When she at fourteen years old, she began writing the poem and published her first poem in 1767.

paragraphs: On April 1, 1778, Wheatley married John Peters, a handsome and well-mannered free black. They knew each others for five years,then they married. He likes to call himself Dr. Peters, practicing law and keeping a grocery store at the court. But, his business did not work well and match his dream. Soon after their marriage, they moved to Wilmington, Massachusetts. Shortly returning to Boston they set up their home in the run-down section of the city. Since John Peter could not find a job and that made them became very poor. She had three children with John Peter but they all died when they were still a baby. The debt from John Peter makes Wheatley go to work as a charwoman.

paragraphs: Her writing style seems to affect by different things.Her writing style also embraced the elegy, likely from her African roots. It was the role of girls to sing and perform funeral dirges. Religion was also a key influence, and it led Protestants in America and England to enjoy her work. Wheatley’s poems reflected several influences on her life. She is strongly against slavery, she emphasizes that all the different people should all have their freedom. For example, America separates from England, and African American set free from slavery. She wrote several letters to ministers and others on liberty and freedom. That shows she put her belief in her letters and her poems to tell the people what she thinks is right.

paragraphs: Two of Wheatley's writings were printed after she died. Vincent Carretta wrote a book about Wheatley's life called "Phillis Wheatley: Biography of a Genius in Bondage". It was published in 2011. In 2012, Robert Morris University named the new building for their School of Communications and Information Sciences after Phillis Wheatley. A statue of Wheatley is part of the Boston Women's Memorial on Commonwealth Ave in Boston.


title: John Caspar Wild

paragraphs: John Caspar Wild (1804 - August 12, 1846) was an American painter and lithographer. He was also called J.C. Wild. He was born in Switzerland. He moved to Paris, France. In 1832 he moved to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He painted and printed landscapes. He painted a lot of cities in the United States. He painted pictures of Philadelphia, St. Louis, Cincinnati, and Davenport, Iowa. His artwork is owned by the Library Company of Pennsylvania.


title: Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce

paragraphs: Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce, OD (born December 27, 1986) is a Jamaican sprinter. She was unknown until 2008 when she became the first Caribbean woman to win 100 m gold at the Olympics at the 2008 Olympic Games in Bejiing. At the 2012 London Olympic Games she won 100 m gold. She also won silver in 200 metres and 4 x 100 metres relay. She is five feet tall. She is the fourth fastest 100 m female sprinter of all time.


title: Samuel Rhoads

paragraphs: Samuel Rhoads (1711 - April 7, 1784) was an American architect and politician.

paragraphs: As an architect, he made drawings of what the Pennsylvania Hospital should look like. His designs were used and continued to be used after he died. He was the Mayor of Philadelphia in 1774. He also was a delegate in the First Continental Congress. He was friends with Benjamin Franklin. He was director of the Library Company of Philadelphia. He was also involved in the American Philosophical Society, where he was Vice President.


title: Ornithomimidae

paragraphs: Ornithomimidae ("bird-mimics") is a group of theropod dinosaurs which bore a superficial resemblance to modern ostriches. They were fast, omnivorous or herbivorous dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of Laurasia (now Asia and North America). Members of the Ornithomimidae include "Gallimimus", "Archaeornithomimus", "Anserimimus", "Struthiomimus", and "Ornithomimus".

paragraphs: Ornithomimids are a sister group to the troodontids. These groups had many bird-like features, including feathers, but they were not birds.

paragraphs: The skulls of ornithomimids were small, with large eyes, above relatively long and slender necks. All had toothless beaks.

paragraphs: The fore limbs ('arms') were long and slender and bore powerful claws. The hind limbs were long and powerful, with a long foot and short, strong toes terminating in hooflike claws.

paragraphs: Ornithomimids probably acquired most of their calories from plants. Many ornithomimosaurs, including primitive species, have been found with numerous gastroliths in their stomachs, characteristic of herbivores. Henry Fairfield Osborn suggested that the long, sloth-like 'arms' of ornithomimids may have been used to pull down branches on which to feed, an idea supported by further study of their strange, hook-like hands. Ornithomimids probably acquired most of their calories from plants. Many ornithomimosaurs, including primitive species, have been found with numerous gastroliths in their stomachs, characteristic of herbivores.

paragraphs: The sheer abundance of ornithomimids – they are the most common small dinosaurs in North America – is consistent with the idea that they were plant eaters, as herbivores usually outnumber carnivores in an ecosystem. However, they may have been omnivores that ate both plants and small animal prey.


title: Grace Gates

paragraphs: The Grace Gates (or the WG Grace Memorial Gates) are a pair of gates at Lord's Cricket Ground in London, England. They were built in 1923. They are a Grade II listed building.


title: Rapper's Delight

paragraphs: "Rapper's Delight" is a song by The Sugarhill Gang. It was their first single. It is fourteen minutes and thirty-five seconds long. The single reached number one in the Netherlands and Canada. The song made hip hop popular around the world. "Rolling Stone" magazine put "Rapper's Delight" at number 248 in their 500 Greatest Songs of All Time list.


title: The Sugarhill Gang

paragraphs: The Sugarhill Gang is an American hip hop group. They are best known for their 1979 single "Rapper's Delight". It was the first hip hop song to enter the top 40 in the United States. The song was on their first album "Sugarhill Gang".

paragraphs: The group formed in 1973. They broke up in 2007. They have released four studio albums.


title: Bon Iver

paragraphs: Bon Iver is an American indie folk band. The band was started in Eau Claire in 2007 by Justin Vernon. The band has seven members. Their most well known song is "Skinny Love".

paragraphs: In 2007 they self released their first album, "For Emma, Forever Ago". In 2008 the independent record label Jagjaguwar released it in the United States. It sold over 30,000 copies in its first three months. 4AD later released the album in the UK and Europe. The first single from the album was "Skinny Love". In 2008 Bon Iver designed a T-shirt for the Yellow Bird Project.

paragraphs: In 2009 Bon Iver released their first EP "Blood Bank". In 2011 they released their second album "Bon Iver, Bon Iver". "Pitchfork" gave the album a score of 9.5 out of 10. They chose it as the best album of 2011. The album won the Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album in 2012. In 2012 Bon Iver also won the Grammy for Best New Artist. "Holocene" was nominated for Song of the Year and Record of the Year.


title: Wilko Johnson

paragraphs: Wilko Johnson (born John Peter Wilkinson; 12 July 1947) is an English singer, guitarist and songwriter. He is best known for his time with the pub rock band Dr. Feelgood. He is said to be one of the founding influences of the English punk movement.

paragraphs: Johnson was featured in the first and second seasons of the HBO series "Game of Thrones". He played a mute executioner named Ilyn Payne.

paragraphs: In January 2013, he was diagnosed with metastatic pancreatic cancer. He chose not to receive any chemotherapy. He said in an interview with John Wilson on the BBC Radio 4 programme "Front Row" that the doctors told him he only had nine or ten months to live. He also said during the interview that he was going to do a "farewell tour" of the UK set for March. When he finished his tour, he announced that he was going to spend his final days recording a farewell album with Roger Daltrey, lead singer of The Who.

paragraphs: In October 2014, Johnson announced he was cancer free.


title: Lolita fashion

paragraphs: Lolita fashion is a fashion subculture that started in Japan. It is based on Victorian era clothing.

paragraphs: There are many types of lolita fashion. These include Gothic lolita, sweet lolita, and classic lolita. Lolita fashion brands include Baby, The Stars Shine Bright, Moi-même-Moitié, Angelic Pretty, and Manifesteange Metamorphose temps de fille. Gothic lolita began in the late 1990s in Harajuku. The visual kei musician Mana dresses in the gothic lolita style. He helped make the style popular. Some people outside of Japan wear lolita fashion. The 2002 novel "Kamikaze Girls" has a sweet lolita character called Momoko.


title: Palmyra, Pennsylvania

paragraphs: Palmyra is a borough of Lebanon County, in Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is near Harrisburg in the southeastern part of Pennsylvania. In 2000, the population of Palmyra was almost 7,100.

paragraphs: Palmyra was settled during 1717. Its local council was formed in 1913.


title: Tea gown

paragraphs: Tea gowns are woman's at-home dresses for informal events. They became popular in mid-to-late 1800s. The earliest tea gowns were European developments influenced by Asian clothing and historical approach from 18th century.


title: Polonaise (clothing)

paragraphs: A polonaise is a type of gown that has a bodice and an attached skirt. They started in the late 18th century. Polonaises have a cutaway, drapes and an overskirt, worn over a petticoat.


title: Pantalettes

paragraphs: Pantalettes are female undergarments that cover the legs. They used to be worn by boys before they were old enough to wear trousers.

paragraphs: Pantalettes started in the 19th century in France.


title: Basque (clothing)

paragraphs: A basque is a type of jackets, bodice or long corset worn by women. In Victorian fashion, "basque" means a closely fitted bodice or jacket extending past the waistline over the hips.

paragraphs: From 20th century or later, "basque" also refers to certain lingerie articles.


title: Victorian fashion

paragraphs: Victorian fashion refers to the various fashions and trends in British culture in the United Kingdom and the British Empire throughout the Victorian era, roughly 1830s to 1900s. The period saw many changes in fashion, including changes in clothing, architecture, literature, and visual arts.

paragraphs: In the early days of the fashion, female dresses were simple and pale. Modesty was a very important feature of Victorian Fashion, dresses that covered the arms and went right down to the ankles were favoured.

paragraphs: By 1907, clothing was increasingly factory-made and often sold in large, fixed price department stores. Custom sewing and home sewing were still significant, but on the decline. New machinery and materials developed clothing in many ways.

paragraphs: The introduction of the lock-stitch sewing machine in mid-century simplified home and boutique dressmaking. It made it easy to add trimmings which would be costly if done by hand. Lace machinery made lace at a fraction of the cost of the old hand-made lace. Inventors developed new, cheap, bright dyes like mauveine which replaced the old animal or vegetable dyes.


title: Eodromaeus

paragraphs: Eodromaeus (meaning "dawn runner") is an extinct genus of basal theropod dinosaur from the Upper Triassic of Argentina. An almost complete articulated skeleton (the bones were still mostly connected) was found in 1996.

paragraphs: "Eodromaeus" has been cited by Paul Sereno as "close to the root of the dinosaurs". It is the earliest known definite theropod.

paragraphs: "Eodromaeus" was a relatively small dinosaur, with a total length of about from nose to tail, and a weight of about . The trunk was long and slender. It is unknown how fast "Eodromaeus" could run: about has been suggested. The animal was, like all early dinosaurs, bipedal. The forelimbs were much shorter than the hindlimbs, ending in hands with five digits. Digits IV and V were very reduced in size.


title: Gothic fashion

paragraphs: Gothic fashion (also goth fashion) is very dark, exotic or complex clothing worn in goth subculture. Both female and male goths use dark eyeliner or nail polish.


title: Pope Clement II

paragraphs: Pope Clement II was the leader of the Catholic Church from 25 December 1046 until he died in 1047.

paragraphs: He was born with the name Suidger von Morsleben in Hornburg, Lower Saxony, Germany. His parents were Count Konrad of Morsleben and Hornburg and his wife Amulrad. His date of birth is unknown.

paragraphs: In the year 1040, von Morsleben became the Bishop of Bamberg. In 1046 he went with King Henry III to Italy and in December, he took part in the Council of Sutri. This took Popes Benedict IX and Sylvester III out of power, and also convinced Pope Gregory VI to resign. King Henry nominated (suggested) Suidger to be the new pope and the council elected him. Suidger took the name Clement II. Shortly after he was elected, Pope Clement and Henry moved to Rome. There, Clement crowned Henry III as Holy Roman Emperor.

paragraphs: Clement II's short pontificate (time as pope) began an improvement in the way the Roman Church worked, especially by making laws against simony. Simony is when people would pay to have sacraments given to them.

paragraphs: The reform party criticized Clement's election because there was royal involvement and because the pope was already bishop of another place.

paragraphs: Clement and the Emperor went on a journey through southern Italy to celebrate his election. Benevento was placed under an interdict (they were prevented from taking part in some Church rites) because they wouldn't allow Pope Clement to enter. Afterwards they went to Germany, where Clement made Wiborada a saint. Wiborada was a martyr who was killed praying for the people of her city.

paragraphs: On Henry III and Pope Clement's way back to Rome in October 1047, Pope Clement suddenly died. His body was taken to Bamberg, a place he had loved, and was buried near the Bamberg Cathedral.

paragraphs: Scientists studied Clement's body in the mid-20th century. They confirmed that the pope had been poisoned with lead sugar. They do not know whether he was poisoned or whether he was using the chemical as medicine.


title: Division of Page

paragraphs: The Division of Page is an Australian electoral division in the state of New South Wales. It is in the far north-east of the state, next the border with Queensland and the Tasman Sea. It is named after the Right Honourable Sir Earle Page, the first leader of the Country Party of Australia and the caretaker Prime Minister of Australia after the death of Joseph Lyons in 1939. It was set up in 1984.

paragraphs: The division includes the towns of Ballina, Lismore, Casino, Grafton, Tyringham, Bonalbo, Nimbin and Iluka.

paragraphs: Ian Causley had been in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly as the member for Clarence. He resigned in 1996 to stand for the Division of Page, and defeated Harry Woods. Woods then stood for Causely's vacant state seat of Clarence which he won. Causley was the Deputy Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives


title: Division of Parkes

paragraphs: The Division of Parkes is an Australian electoral division in the state of New South Wales. It is the largest electorate in the state. It is located in the far north of the state, next to the border with Queensland. It is named after Sir Henry Parkes, seventh Premier of New South Wales and sometimes known as the 'Father of Federation'. It was set up in 1984.

paragraphs: It includes the towns of Dubbo. It also includes the towns of Mudgee, Dunedoo, Gunnedah, Coonabarabran, Coonamble, Walgett, Narrabri, Moree, Warren, Nyngan, Cobar and Bourke. The division does not include the town of Parkes.

paragraphs: This is the second Division of Parkes. The first Division of Parkes (1901-69) was in suburban Sydney.

paragraphs: Michael Cobb was found guilty of fraud in 1998. He claimed money for staying in hotels, but he was actually seeping in his car. John Cobb was Minister for Citizenship and Multicultural Affairs and later Community Services in the Howard government. In the 2007 election Cobb moved to the Division of Calare.

paragraphs: Since the 2013 election, Parkes is the safest seat in Australia. It would need more votes than any other seat to change to another political party.


title: Juanita Moore

paragraphs: Juanita Moore (October 19, 1914 - January 1, 2014) was an American movie and television actress. She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role in "Imitation of Life". She was the fifth African-American actor to be nominated for an Academy Award and the third in that category.

paragraphs: Moore died on January 1, 2014 from natural causes at her home in Los Angeles. She was aged 99.


title: James Avery

paragraphs: James La Rue Avery, Sr. (November 27, 1945 – December 31, 2013) was an American actor. He was born in Virginia and raised in Atlantic City, New Jersey. He was best known for his role on the television show "The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air". He played father and lawyer Philip Banks, Will Smith's character's uncle.

paragraphs: Avery died from problems after open-heart surgery in a hospital in Los Angeles. He was aged 68.


title: The Linguini Incident

paragraphs: The Linguini Incident is a comedy movie. It was released in May 1991. Marlee Matlin and David Bowie are in this movie.


title: Albert Newsam

paragraphs: Albert Newsam (May 20, 1809-November 20, 1864) was an American artist. He was a painter and made lithographs of people and places.

paragraphs: Albert Newsam was born in the city of Steubenville in the state of Ohio in the United States. He was born deaf and mute. He was also an orphan. Newsam was making art when he was a little boy. When he was still a little boy, he met a man named William P. Davis. Davis acted like he was also deaf and mute, but he wasn't. He took Newsam to the city of Philadelphia in Pennsylvania and forced Newsam to make art and Davis would sell it and make money off of it. In 1820, Newsam was saved from being with Davis and went to school at the Pennsylvania School for the Deaf.

paragraphs: In the year 1827, Newsam started to make art as an apprentice to a printmaker named Cephas G. Childs. Newsam had a lot of artists who taught him when he worked for Childs. One of the artists was George Catlin. Newsam started making art all the time as an artist in 1829. His pictures were published and sold for money. Childs retired and another man named Peter S. Duvall became owner of the company. Newsam worked for him and became the main artist at the company.

paragraphs: Newsam painted and drew pictures of politicians, preachers, and rich people. He also made pictures of landscapes, medical illustrations, and sheet music.

paragraphs: Newsam started to lose his eyesight in the year 1857. In 1859, he had a stroke, which made him stop making art. He had to move to a place called the Living Home for the Sick and Well in the state of Delaware. Since he could not sell art anymore, his friends paid for him to move to the home. He died there in the year 1864.

paragraphs: His artwork is owned by the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts and The Library Company of Philadelphia.


title: Steubenville, Ohio

paragraphs: Steubenville is a city in Jefferson County in the state of Ohio in the United States. The city is next to the Ohio River. 18,659 people lived there in the year 2010.

paragraphs: A fort used to be located where the city is. The fort was called Fort Steuben. It was there in 1786. The fort was named after a man named Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben.

paragraphs: Steubenville has a nickname. It is the "City of Murals". There are over 25 different murals around the city. Franciscan University of Steubenville and Eastern Gateway Community College are located in the city.


title: Pennsylvania School for the Deaf

paragraphs: The Pennsylvania School for the Deaf is a school for deaf people. It is in the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the United States. It is the third oldest deaf school in the United States. It was built in 1890 and is on the list of the National Register of Historic Places. It used to be called the Pennsylvania Institute for the Deaf and Dumb.


title: George Catlin

paragraphs: George Catlin (July 26, 1796-December 23, 1872) was an American painter and author. He traveled a lot, and painted a lot of pictures of Native American people in the Western United States. He was born in Wilkes-Barre in the state of Pennsylvania. He died in the city of Jersey City in the state of New Jersey.


title: Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts

paragraphs: The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts is a museum and art school in the city of Philadelphia in the state of Pennsylvania in the United States. It was started in 1805. It is the oldest art museum and art school in the United States.


title: Katherine Milhous

paragraphs: Katherine Milhous (November 27, 1894 - December 5, 1977) was an American artist, illustrator and author. She wrote and made the art for the book "The Egg Tree". In 1951, the book won the Caldecott Medal for best illustrations. Milhous mainly wrote children's books.

paragraphs: Katherine Milhous was born November 27, 1894 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Her parents were named Osborn and Katherine Daly Milhous. They were Quakers and printmakers. The family moved to Pitman, New Jersey when Milhous was a little girl. A lot of Quakers lived in Pitman so the family wanted to move to be close to them. Milhous moved back to Philadelphia. She went to school at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts and the Pennsylvania Museum of Industrial Art. She made art for magazines to pay for school. She also traveled outside of the United States with a fellowship she was given.

paragraphs: Milhous worked for the Federal Art Project in Philadelphia from the year 1935 until she stopped in 1940. She made a lot of posters to advertise the state of Pennsylvania. A lot of the art showed people and things from the Pennsylvania Dutch community. Milhous met Alice Dalgliesh and the two women would write books together. Milhous would make the art for the books. Milhous went to work for Charles Scribner's & Sons where Dalgliesh worked. Milhous started to write and make art for her own books, too.

paragraphs: She died in Philadelphia in the year 1977. The University of Minnesota and the Free Library of Philadelphia own her archives.


title: Yeezus

paragraphs: Yeezus is the sixth studio album by American hip hop recording artist Kanye West. It was released on June 18, 2013, by Roc-A-Fella Records and Def Jam Recordings. The album was given very good reviews by music critics. "Yeezus" entered the "Billboard" 200 at number one. It also reached number one in 30 other countries. "Pitchfork" gave the album a score of 9.5 out of 10. "Yeezus" is a hip hop album.

paragraphs: "Black Skinhead" was released as the first single from the album on June 19, 2013. It reached 34 in the UK Singles Chart. "Bound 2" was released as the album's second single. The music video for the single had West's fiancee at the time, Kim Kardashian in it.

paragraphs: The album was nominated for Album of the Year at the 2014 Grammy Awards. The fourth song on the album, "New Slaves", was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Rap Song. "Time" magazine chose "Yeezus" as the best album of 2013. In Pitchfork's 2013 Readers Poll, "Yeezus" was chosen as 2013's best album.

paragraphs: On October 19 2013 West started The Yeezus Tour. A Tribe Called Quest gave their last performance there. The tour ended on December 23 2013.

paragraphs: Credits adapted from West's official website.

paragraphs: Credits are adapted from the album's liner notes.


title: Argentavis

paragraphs: Argentavis magnificens is one of the two largest flying birds ever discovered. This bird, sometimes called the Giant Teratorn, is an extinct species known from three sites from the late Miocene of central and northwestern Argentina, where a good sample of fossils have been obtained.


title: Curtis Axel

paragraphs: Joseph Curtis "Joe" Hennig (born October 1, 1979) is an American professional wrestler. He is better known by his ring name Curtis Axel and previous ring name Michael McGillicutty. He currently works for the WWE. He is a former Intercontinental Champion and former WWE Tag Team Champion with David Otunga. He was also a member of The New Nexus which was led by CM Punk.

paragraphs: Axel was born in Champlin, Minnesota. His father was "Mr. Perfect" Curt Hennig and his grandfather is Larry "The Axe" Hennig. He chose his ring name Curtis Axel as a tribute to them.


title: Insider trading

paragraphs: Insider trading means the trading of public companies' stocks and other assets on stock markets using secret information. This is done by getting people who have confidential or non-public facts about how much a stock is really worth to tell traders so they can buy or sell. A stock could be worth more or less than the public knows, depending on how well a company is doing in making money.

paragraphs: In many countries, insider trading with secret information is against the law and thought to be a bad thing to do.

paragraphs: Some economists think insider trading should be allowed.


title: Arlene Francis

paragraphs: Arlene Francis (or Arline Francis Kazanjian; October 20, 1907 — May 31, 2001) was an American actress and radio talk show host. She hosted "What's My Line?" from 1950 to 1975. She was also a stage performer.

paragraphs: Francis was born in New York City. She died from Alzheimer's disease.


title: Frances Bean Cobain

paragraphs: Frances Bean Cobain (born August 18, 1992) is an American visual artist and former model. She was born in Los Angeles. She is the only child of Kurt Cobain and Courtney Love.


title: Isaac Vorsah

paragraphs: Isaac Vorsah (born 21 June 1988) is a Ghanaian football player. He plays for FC Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga.

paragraphs: He began his career at Oscar FC in Kpando, Ghana and FC Maamobi. He transferred to Gamba All Blacks F.C. in 2005. In January 2007 Asante Kotoko bought Vorsah. The German team TSG 1899 Hoffenheim offered him a trial. After the trial he was loaned until 30 June 2008. On 1 April 2008 TSG 1899 Hoffenheim bought him and he signed until 30 June 2011. For Hoffenheim he played 106 times and shot 4 goals. He moved to Red Bull Salzburg in August 2012. After he came back from the Africa Cup 2013 he was injured badly and missed the 2013/14 season.

paragraphs: Vorsah played his first match for Ghana in 2007 against Senegal. For Ghana he played the Africa Cup 2010 and 2013. He was also part of the team for the FIFA World Championship 2010. In total he played 16 matches for Ghana.


title: Leopard danio

paragraphs: The leopard danio ("Brachydanio" "rerio" or "Brachydanio frankei") is a species of freshwater fish. They are native to India.

paragraphs: The leopard danio is an active fish that likes to live in shoals (groups). They are peaceful fish. They are often kept in community fish tanks. They grow to about 40-50 mm. They like to live in a water temperature of about 18–25°C.

paragraphs: Leopard danios are omnivores. In the wild, they mostly eat invertebrates. In tanks, they can eat bloodworms, brine shrimp and flake foods.


title: Elizabeth Jane Howard

paragraphs: Elizabeth Jane Howard, Lady Amis, CBE, FRSL (26 March 1923 – 2 January 2014) was an English novelist. Before being a writer, Howard was an actress and a model.

paragraphs: Howard died at the age of 90, at her home in Bungay, Suffolk.

paragraphs: She married Sir Peter Scott in 1942. They had a daughter, Nicola (born 1943). Howard left Scott in 1946 and they divorced in 1951.

paragraphs: Her second marriage to Jim Douglas-Henry in 1958 was brief. Her third marriage to novelist Sir Kingsley Amis lasted from 1965 until their divorce in 1983. Her stepson, Martin Amis, has said that she encouraged him to become a more serious reader and writer.


title: Malin Åkerman

paragraphs: Malin Maria Åkerman (born 12 May 1978) is a Swedish-Canadian actress. She acted in "27 Dresses" in 2008 and in "Watchmen" in 2009. She also does singing and modeling. She played Kate Harrison in the ABC comedy "Trophy Wife".

paragraphs: She will appear as Claire Wyden in the 2018 science fiction movie "Rampage".

paragraphs: Åkerman was born in Stockholm. She moved to Canada at age two and was raised partly in Sweden and partly in Ontario.


title: Joost van der Westhuizen

paragraphs: Joost van der Westhuizen (20 February 1971 – 6 February 2017) was a South African former rugby union player. He played as a scrum-half for the national team. He played in the 1995 and 1999 Rugby World Cups.

paragraphs: On 12 May 2011, van der Westhuizen's publicist announced that he had a muscle-related neural disease. It was believed to be a form of motor neurone disease. Doctors at the Cleveland Clinic in the United States have since confirmed that he had motor neurone disease. They believed he had only a 20% chance of living for two to five years.

paragraphs: On 6 February 2017, van der Westhuizen died at a hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa from complications of motor neurone disease, aged 45.


title: Seal of Missouri

paragraphs: The Great Seal of the State of Missouri is an emblem that represents the U.S. state of Missouri. It was officially adopted on January 11, 1822. The center of the seal has two bears with the motto: "United we stand, divided we fall". The outer circle has the words "The Great Seal of the State of Missouri".

paragraphs: The year 1820 is shown in Roman numerals. Missouri, however, did not become a state until August 1821.


title: Seal of Iowa

paragraphs: The Great Seal of the State of Iowa is an emblem that represents the U.S. state of Iowa. It was created in 1847, one year after Iowa became a state. The seal shows a soldier over fields of wheat surrounded by symbols important to Iowa's history. They include transportation, farms and mining.

paragraphs: The seal has the words "The Great Seal of the State of Iowa" around the outside.


title: Seal of Louisiana

paragraphs: The Great Seal of the State of Louisiana is an emblem that represents the U.S. state of Louisiana. It was adopted in 1902.

paragraphs: It has four pelicans (one adult, the other three are little). Mother Pelican wounds her breast to feed her young. "Union, justice, confidence" are the words of the motto surrounding these four pelicans.

paragraphs: The wording "State of Louisiana" is on the outer edge of the seal.


title: Seal of Arkansas

paragraphs: The state seal of Arkansas was adopted in 1864. It was changed to its present style on May 23, 1907. The inner seal contains an Angel of Mercy, Sword of Justice and Goddess of Liberty around a bald eagle.

paragraphs: The outer ring has the words "Great Seal of the State of Arkansas".


title: Luhman 16

paragraphs: Luhman 16 is a binary brown dwarf in the southern constellation Vela at 6.6 light-years from the Sun. It is also known as WISE 1049-5319.

paragraphs: These are the nearest known brown dwarfs to the Solar System, and the closest system discovered since Barnard's Star in 1916.

paragraphs: The primary has a stellar classification of L8 ± 1, and the secondary is probably near the L/T transition. The pair orbit each other at a distance of about 3 AU with an orbital period of about 25 years.


title: Springhill, Louisiana

paragraphs: Springhill is a city in the north of Louisiana. It is next to the border with Arkansas. The city was originally called "Barefoot".

paragraphs: Its local government was set up in 1902.


title: Yolanda Denise King

paragraphs: Yolanda Denise King (November 17, 1955 – May 15, 2007) was the first daughter of Martin Luther King, Jr.. She was also the sister of Martin Luther King III, Dexter Scott King and Bernice Albertine King.

paragraphs: Yolanda's father was killed when she was only 12 years old. On April 4, 1968, the day that he was killed, her mother got a phone call from Jesse Jackson. Yolanda was the only one of her four brothers and sisters to realize that their father had been killed. She went to his funeral and tried to act like her mother after that. She graduated from her high school when she was 16 years old.

paragraphs: She got bullied when she went to Smith College because she was her father's daughter, and did not know how to deal with the issue. She got over the bullying by reading his books and started thinking he was correct on his views when he was alive. After finishing her first year at the college, she went back home and at that point her grandmother Alberta Williams King was shot and killed.

paragraphs: She died on May 15, 2007 after talking to her brother Dexter and falling in his home due to a heart disease.


title: The Giver (movie)

paragraphs: The Giver is a science fiction movie that will be released August 2014. It is about the sacrifices of humanity. This movie was based on the book of the same name.


title: Viva Bianca

paragraphs: Viva Bianca (or Viva Skubiszewski; 17 November 1983) is an Australian actress. She stars on the television show "Spartacus". She was also on other shows.

paragraphs: Her maiden name is pronounced "scooby-shev-ski". She is from Victoria.


title: Serena

paragraphs: Serena is a drama movie that will be released in April 2014. The story is about a wife that cannot have children. Jennifer Lawrence plays Serena, Bradley Cooper plays her husband George. The movie is based on the novel "Serena" (2008) by Ron Rash.


title: Dirk Sager

paragraphs: Dirk Sager (August 13, 1940 – January 2, 2014) was a German journalist. He was a member of P.E.N.. He worked for German broadcaster ZDF from 1968.

paragraphs: Sager was born in Hamburg. He studied at Free University Berlin.

paragraphs: He died in Potsdam from a stroke. He was aged 73.


title: Herman Pieter de Boer

paragraphs: Herman Pieter de Boer (9 February 1928 – 1 January 2014), also known as Johnny Austerlitz, was a Dutch writer, journalist and lyricist. He began his career during the late 1950s, and continued for more than 55 years. During this time, he wrote over 65 novels.

paragraphs: De Boer was born in Rotterdam, South Holland. He was married twice during his life. He also had a long relationship with Dutch singer-songwriter Lenny Kuhr from 1981 to 1993.

paragraphs: He died at the age of 85 after a long illness, in Eindhoven, North Brabant.


title: Lee Daniels

paragraphs: Lee Louis Daniels (born December 24, 1959) is an American actor, movie producer and director. He produced "Monster's Ball" and directed the movie "".

paragraphs: He has received six Academy Award nominations, including Best Director for "Precious". The movie won two of the awards.

paragraphs: In 2013, Daniels directed "The Butler", a historical drama about the White House and its presidents during the 20th century. The movie had an ensemble cast. It received positive reviews and became a box office success.

paragraphs: Daniels lives in New York City. He is openly gay and adopted his biological niece and nephew.


title: Eugene Allen

paragraphs: Eugene Allen (July 14, 1919 – March 31, 2010) was an American waiter and butler. He worked for the White House for 34 years until he retired in 1986. He served eight presidents of the United States. He began working at the White House in 1952. Allen's life was the inspiration for the movie "The Butler", released in 2013.

paragraphs: Allen earned the highest rank of butlers serving in the White House. At the Maître d'hôtel in 1981, President Ronald Reagan invited Allen and his wife Helene to a state dinner at the White House. The dinner was in honor of Helmut Kohl.

paragraphs: Allen was born in Scottsville, Virginia on July 14, 1919. He received no formal schooling. He began working as a waiter at a pool club. Allen met his wife Helene in 1942. They had a son, Charles Allen. Helene wanted to vote for Barack Obama in 2008, but she died the day before the election, on November 3, 2008.

paragraphs: Allen died at a hospital in Takoma Park, Maryland, from kidney failure. He was aged 90.


title: P. D. James

paragraphs: Phyllis Dorothy James, Baroness James of Holland Park, OBE, FRSA, FRSL (3 August 1920 – 27 November 2014) was an English writer of crime fiction. She was commonly known as P. D. James, which was the name her books are published under. She was most famous for a series of detective novels starring policeman and poet Adam Dalgliesh.

paragraphs: James was a life peer in the House of Lords. James died peacefully at her home in Oxford on 27 November 2014, aged 94.


title: Bob Keeshan

paragraphs: Robert James "Bob" Keeshan (June 27, 1927 – January 23, 2004) was an American television producer and actor. He is known for his role as the title character of the children's television program "Captain Kangaroo". It became an icon for millions of people during its 30-year run from 1955 to 1984.

paragraphs: Keeshan also played the original "Clarabell the Clown" on the "Howdy Doody" television program.

paragraphs: Keeshan died in Windsor, Vermont from a heart attack. He was aged 76.


title: John Spencer (actor)

paragraphs: John Spencer (December 20, 1946 – December 16, 2005) was an American actor. He was best known for playing White House Chief of Staff Leo McGarry on the successful television series "The West Wing". He won an Emmy Award for this role in 2002.

paragraphs: Spencer died of a heart attack in a hospital in Los Angeles. He was aged 58.


title: Barnard Hughes

paragraphs: Bernard Aloysius Kiernan "Barnard" Hughes (July 16, 1915 – July 11, 2006) was an American movie, television, and stage actor. Hughes became famous for having many random roles. He was known for being cast as a grandfather or elderly figure on television.

paragraphs: Hughes died in New York City, from natural causes. He was aged 90.


title: Mackenzie Foy

paragraphs: Mackenzie Christine Foy (born November 10, 2000) is an American child model and actress. She is best known for her role as Renesmee Cullen, the daughter of Bella Swan and Edward Cullen, in "". Her role as Renesmee earned her a Young Artist Award for Best Supporting Young Actress in a Feature Film.


title: Jake T. Austin

paragraphs: Jake T. Austin (born Jake Austin Szymanski; December 3, 1994) is an American movie, television and voice actor. He is known for his roles as Max Russo on "Wizards of Waverly Place" and as Diego on "Go, Diego, Go!". He also appeared in "Hotel for Dogs" and "Rio".

paragraphs: Austin was born Jake Austin Szymanski in New York City. He is of Puerto Rican, Argentine, Spanish, Polish, Irish, and English descent.


title: Communist Party of India

paragraphs: The Communist Party of India, abbreviated as CPI, is a political party in India. It was founded in the British era in 1925 at Kanpur. The Communist Party of India has officially stated that it was formed on 26 December 1925 at the first Party Conference in Kanpur, then "Cawnpore". S.V.Ghate was the first General Secretary of CPI. D. Raja is the current General Secretary of CPI.


title: Tomáš Plekanec

paragraphs: Tomáš Plekanec (born October 31, 1982) is a Czech professional ice hockey centre. He currently plays for the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League (NHL). He also played for HC Kladno of the Czech Extraliga and Toronto Maple Leafs (NHL).

paragraphs: Plekanec was born in Kladno, Czechoslovakia.

paragraphs: Before playing the NHL, Plekanec played two seasons with HC Kladno of the Czech Extraliga. He was drafted by the Montreal Canadiens with the 71st overall pick in the 2001 NHL Entry Draft. He played two seasons with their affiliate in the American Hockey League (AHL), Hamilton Bulldogs. He played two games and then stayed in Hamilton for a third AHL season because of the 2004–05 NHL lockout. Since the 2005-06 NHL season, he has been part of the Canadiens.

paragraphs: On June 22, 2010, he signed a contract to play with the Canadiens for six years. He will be paid CA$30 million. During the 2012–13 NHL lockout, he played for his former team HC Kladno.


title: Ray Frederick

paragraphs: Ray Frederick (July 31, 1929 - August 23, 2001) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender. Frederick played a total of 5 games in the NHL with the Chicago Black Hawks during the 1954-55 NHL season.

paragraphs: He started his ice hockey career with the Fort Frances Canadians of the Northern Hockey League. He then played 2 seasons in the Manitoba Junior Hockey League where he played for the Brandon Wheat Kings. After his time with the Wheat Kings was done, he moved on to play in the Western Canada Senior Hockey League with the Edmonton Flyers for 2 seasons.

paragraphs: He then played 1 season with the Chicoutimi Sagueneens of the Quebec Senior Hockey League, 1 season with the Charlottetown Islanders of the Maritime Major Hockey League and 3 seasons with the Ottawa Senators of the Quebec Senior Hockey League. He played a seasons in the American Hockey League with the Buffalo Bisons and 5 games with the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League. He retired from professional ice hockey in 1958.


title: North Indian Plain

paragraphs: The Gangetic Plains is the large space of level land that is made by the Ganges River in the northern parts of India and the border surrounding areas of the Himalayas. It is an important part of the countries of India, Nepal, and Bangladesh. Its space of about is the home of about 1 billion persons (about one in every seven persons alive today).

paragraphs: Its western edge is the Thar Desert; its northern edge is the Himalaya Mountains, the highest mountains on Earth; its eastern edge is the Ganges Delta of Bangladesh, the largest River delta in the world; and its southern edge is made by the Vindhya Mountains and Satpura Range and Chota Nagpur Plateau of middle India.


Road safety


title: Tata Steel

paragraphs: Tata Steel Limited (formerly Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited or TISCO) is an Indian steel-making company. Their headquarters are in Mumbai. Tata is a subsidiary of the Tata Group. It was the 12th-largest steel-making company in the world in 2012. It can make about 23.8 million tonnes of crude steel each year. They are the largest steel company in India measured by domestic production.


title: Prince du sang

paragraphs: A prince du sang (prince of the blood) was a member of the extended French Royal Family. This meant that all people except females that were princes of the blood would be entitled to inherit the throne only if every male member of the immediate royal family had died. The main princes of the blood were known as the Prince of Conti and the Prince of Condé as well as the more significant Duke of Orléans. The prince of the blood was entitled to be styled Serene Highness () but it was used in writing only. A majority of the princes of the blood had their own apartments at the Palace of Versailles as well as their own townhouses in Paris


title: Edward Williams Clay

paragraphs: Edward Williams Clay (April 17, 1799 - December 31, 1857) was an American artist. He made a lot of different types of art. He made paintings and cartoons. He was also a printmaker.

paragraphs: Edward Williams Clay was born in the year 1799. He was born in the city Philadelphia in the state of Pennsylvania in the United States. His father was a sea captain. His name was Robert Clay. His mother was named Eliza Williams. Clay went to law school. He joined the Pennsylvania Bar Association. He became an engraver when he was in school. He didn't work as a lawyer very long. He decided to quit and become an artist for a living.

paragraphs: Clay went to Europe during the years 1825 until 1828. He studied art there. After he came back to America, he made a collection of drawings called "Life in Philadelphia". The drawings show racism against African American people who lived in Philadelphia. In the year 1831, he started making political cartoons. He made jokes about Andrew Jackson in a drawing called "The Rats Leave a Falling House". He moved to New York City in 1837. He made art for magazines and books, and also made drawings for sheet music.

paragraphs: He started to go blind and had to stop making art. He moved to Delaware and worked for the state government until he moved back to New York City in 1856. He became sick and died of tuberculosis in 1857. He is buried in Christ Church Burial Ground in Philadelphia. His artwork is owned by The Library Company of Philadelphia and the Library of Congress.


title: Pennsylvania Bar Association

paragraphs: The Pennsylvania Bar Association is an American voluntary association of lawyers and people going to school for law. It is located in the state of Pennsylvania and is for people who work in that state. In the year 2013, 28,000 people were a part of the association.


title: Billy Unger

paragraphs: Billy Unger (born October 15, 1995) is an American actor. He is best known for his role of Chase Davenport on the sitcom "Lab Rats". Unger was born in southern Florida. When he was 11 years old, he moved to California for his acting career.


title: Hattie Caraway

paragraphs: Hattie Ophelia Wyatt Caraway (February 1, 1878 — December 21, 1950) was the first woman elected to serve a full term in the United States Senate. She was the Senator from Arkansas for just over thirteen years (December 1931 to January 1945).

paragraphs: Caraway had a stroke in 1950. She died later that year in Falls Church, Virginia due to this stroke.


title: Division of Paterson

paragraphs: The Division of Paterson is an Australian electoral division in the state of New South Wales. It is just north of Newcastle, on the coast of the Tasman Sea. It includes the towns of Anna Bay, Bulahdelah. Clarence Town, Dungog, Forster, Hawks Nest, Lemon Tree Passage, Medowie, Morpeth, Nelson Bay, Paterson, Raymond Terrace, Stroud, Tuncurry and parts of Nabiac, Thornton and East Maitland. The division was first set up in 1949 and abolished in 1984. It was recreated after a redistribution in 1992.

paragraphs: The division is named after poet and author Banjo Paterson. It is possible that is was named after Colonel William Paterson who also gave his name to the Paterson River and the town of Paterson, both of which were in the electorate. It was first contested at the 1949 election.

paragraphs: In 1949 the division included Singleton, Maitland and Muswellbrook. Redistributions moved the electorate north until it included Gunnedah and Mudgee. The original electorate was abolished in 1984. In 1992 it was recreated covering a similar area to the original electorate.


title: Elaine S. Edwards

paragraphs: Elaine Schwartzenburg Edwards (March 8, 1929 – May 14, 2018) was a former United States Senator from Louisiana. She was a member of the Democratic Party. Edwards was the wife of Edwin Edwards, the former Governor of Louisiana. They were married from 1949 until they divorced in 1989. She was a Senator for three and a half months during 1972. Edwards was born in Marksville, Louisiana.

paragraphs: Edwards died on May 14, 2018 at her daughter's home in Denham Springs, Louisiana of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at the age of 89.


title: Margaret Chase Smith

paragraphs: Margaret Chase Smith (14 December 1897 — 29 May 1995) was an American politician. She was a member of the House of Representatives from 1940 to 1949, and a United States Senator from 1949 to 1973. She was from the Republican Party. She was the first female to be in both houses of the United States Congress.

paragraphs: Chase was born in Maine. She died after a stroke at age 97.


title: Eva Bowring

paragraphs: Eva Kelly Bowring (January 9, 1892 — January 8, 1985) was a United States Senator from Nebraska. She was the first woman from Nebraska in the Senate. She was a Senator for seven months during 1954.

paragraphs: She was born in Missouri. She died the day before her 93rd birthday.


title: George Goodman

paragraphs: George Jerome Waldo Goodman (August 10, 1930 – January 3, 2014) was an American author and economics commentator. He was best known by his pen name Adam Smith. He also wrote fiction under his real name.

paragraphs: Goodman died at the age of 83, at the University of Miami Hospital. He had suffered from the bone marrow disorder myelofibrosis.


title: Rey

paragraphs: Rey means "king" in Spanish and Occitan. It comes from the Latin word "rex". It is used as a name in many cultures.


title: Peter O'Sullevan

paragraphs: Sir Peter John O'Sullevan (3 March 1918 – 29 July 2015) was an Irish retired horse racing commentator. He worked for the BBC, the Press Association, "Daily Express" and "Today". He was the BBC's leading horse-racing commentator from 1947 to 1997.

paragraphs: O'Sullevan was born in Kenmare, Ireland. He studied at Hawtreys, Charterhouse School, and later at Collège Alpin International Beau Soleil in Switzerland. O'Sullevan died of cancer in London, aged 97.


title: Rebecca Latimer Felton

paragraphs: Rebecca Ann Latimer Felton (10 June 1835 — 24 January 1930) was an American writer, lecturer and politician. She was in the United States Senate as a Democrat. She was from Georgia.

paragraphs: Latimer Felton was born in the Atlanta area. She died in the city of Atlanta, aged 94.


title: Oswald of Northumbria

paragraphs: Oswald (–642) was a King of Northumbria and the first Christian monarch of that kingdom. Oswald brought St. Aidan from Iona to start a monastery on the island of Lindisfarne. Oswald was also venerated as a saint.

paragraphs: Oswald was born , the son of King Athelfrith of Bernicia and his second wife Acha of Deira. At age twelve his father was killed in battle by Edwin who became King of Northumbria. Along with his brothers Eanfrith and Oswiu and their sister Aebbe, he found safety with the Scots in Dál Riata. The monks of Iona baptized the children and raised them in the Celtic Christian faith. For all of Edwin's reign Oswald remained in Exile. Cadwallon ap Cadfan, the Christian king of Gwynedd, along with the pagan Penda of Mercia, attacked Northumbria in 632. In 633 the two invading armies met Edwin at the Battle of Hatfield Chase. Edwin was killed and his army was destroyed. For the next year Cadwallon destroyed everything he could in Northumbria. At the same time Oswald was gathering a small army among the Scots and Picts.

paragraphs: He attacked Cadwallon's larger army at a place called "Hefenfelth" ("heavenly field"). Cadwallon was killed and his army defeated.

paragraphs: Oswald claimed the crowns of both Bernicia and Deira. By doing this he reunited Northumbria to a single kingdom. Oswald was the first king of Northumbria to come to the throne already a Christian. As one of his first acts Oswald set up what would become the holy island of . He asked for a bishop to come to Northumbria to convert his people to the Christian faith. They sent Bishop Aidan. Aidan built a monastery and created a Christian colony on the island of Lindisfarne off the coast of Bamburgh. Oswald, at least at first, had to translate for Aidan who did not speak English fluently. Oswald was considered a "" by Bede, the fourth such overlord over the other Anglo-Saxon kings. In 635, Oswald married Cyneburh, the daughter of King Cynegils of Wessex. Oswald also became the godfather of Cynegils when he was baptized . Oswald created several similar alliances in an effort to contain Penda of Mercia. About 638 he won a battle against Owen Map Bili, the king of Strathclyde near Edinburgh. In 640 Oswald tried to recover Lindsey from Penda. The two armies met again in 642 at the Battle of Maserfield (probably in Shropshire). Oswald was killed in the battle. For a year after the battle his head and hands were fastened to stakes. His brother Oswiu finally recovered Oswald's relics. Oswiu succeeded Oswald as king of Northumbria.

paragraphs: Oswald married Cyneburh of Wessex. Their son, "the only son he possessed on earth", was:


title: Don't Turn Around

paragraphs: "Don't Turn Around" is a popular song. It was first sung by Tina Turner in 1986. It was not until 1988, though, when singers Bonnie Tyler and Luther Ingram made their own versions of the song, that it got really popular. The most famous version of the song was by Ace of Base in 1994.


title: All That She Wants

paragraphs: "All That She Wants" is a hit single from Swedish pop group Ace of Base. It was released in 1992. The song hit #2 in the United States. It also topped the charts in Germany, Australia, United Kingdom and Denmark. The song was very popular in 1993.

paragraphs: The longest version was 7 minutes and 58 seconds long.


title: The Sign

paragraphs: "The Sign" is a hit song performed by Ace of Base. It was released as a single on 29 October 1993 in Europe. The song hit #2 on the UK Singles Chart. It spent six weeks near #1 in the United States.

paragraphs: A cover version of this song was played on the television series "Full House".

paragraphs: Another version of this song lasts six minutes and 49 seconds.


title: The Woodlands (Philadelphia)

paragraphs: The Woodlands is a National Historic Landmark in the city of Philadelphia in the state of Pennsylvania in the United States. The Schuylkill River goes past The Woodlands. It has a mansion, a building to put a carriage inside (called a "carriage house"), and a garden that became a cemetery in the year 1840. Over 30,000 people are buried in the cemetery.


title: Schuylkill River

paragraphs: The Schuylkill River is a river in the state of Pennsylvania in the United States. It is long. It used to be called ""Tool-pay Hanna"" by the Lenape.


title: Pennsylvania Prison Society

paragraphs: The Pennsylvania Prison Society is a non-profit organization. It in the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the United States. It helps prisoners and their families. It also helps prisoners after they are out of prison.

paragraphs: It was started in 1787. It used to be called the Philadelphia Society for Alleviating the Miseries of Public Prisons. It was founded by a group of men from Philadelphia. The group of men included Benjamin Franklin, Benjamin Rush, John Swanwick, Tench Coxe, Zachariah Poulson, and William White. William White was the president for a long time.

paragraphs: It now has many small organizations, called "chapters", around Pennsylvania. It has 43 chapters.


title: Irene Papas

paragraphs: Irene Papas (born September 3, 1926) is a Greek musician and actress. She played the title character in the 1962 movie "Elektra". She also had lots of other movies.

paragraphs: Irene Papas was born in Corinth in Greece. She stopped acting in 2003.

paragraphs: Some sources give 1929 as her real year of birth.


title: (Shake, Shake, Shake) Shake Your Booty

paragraphs: "(Shake, Shake, Shake) Shake Your Booty" is a 1976 hit song from KC and the Sunshine Band. The song was #1 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 and on the soul singles chart.

paragraphs: The lyrics caused controversy due to their sexual nature.


title: Warren Skorodenski

paragraphs: Warren Skorodenski (born March 22, 1960 in Winnipeg, Manitoba) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender. Frederick played a total of 35 games in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Chicago Black Hawks and Edmonton Oilers.

paragraphs: He played for the New Brunswick Hawks, the AHL affiliate of the Black Hawks. During that time, he was able to win the Harry "Hap" Holmes Memorial Award for being the goalie with the lowest goals against average and shared the award with his teammate Bob Janecyk. He was called up by the Black Hawks during the 1981-82 NHL season. He played 1 game and was sent back down to the AHL where he played 4 seasons and 1 season in the CHL with the Birmingham South Stars. During the 1984-85 NHL season, he was called up and played as Murray Bannerman backup. He recorded the league's highest save percentage, at 0.903. In 1987, he signed a contract with the Edmonton Oilers and played 3 games with them. He retired from playing professional ice hockey in 1990.


title: Mower Hospital

paragraphs: Mower Hospital was a military hospital in a neighborhood named Chestnut Hill, which is in the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1862 for soldiers who were in the American Civil War. It was run by the United States Army.

paragraphs: Architect John McArthur, Jr. designed the hospital. It was near the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad so hurt soldiers could be brought to the hospital fast. It was open from January 1863 until May 1865.

paragraphs: It had room for 40,000 patients. It was shaped so that people would not get sicker or get an infection from other sick and injured people. It had many things for the people who worked there, and for the injured soldiers. People could go to a barber shop and go grocery shopping. It had lights powered with gas and fresh water.


title: Alicia Rhett

paragraphs: Alicia Rhett (1 February 1915 — 3 January 2014) was an American painter and actress. She appeared in several movies, but was more known for painting portraits. She played India Wilkes in "Gone with the Wind".

paragraphs: She was born in Savannah, Georgia. She died at age 98 in Charleston, South Carolina.


title: Merchants' Exchange Building (Philadelphia)

paragraphs: The Merchants' Exchange Building is a building in the city of Philadelphia which is in the state of Pennsylvania in the United States. It is in a historical neighborhood called Old City. Architect William Strickland designed the building. It was built starting in the year 1832 and was done in 1834. The Merchants' Exchange Building was the first office building in the city. It used to be a brokerage house. In 1875, the Philadelphia Stock Exchange moved into the building.

paragraphs: In the year 2001 it became a National Historic Landmark.


title: Saul Zaentz

paragraphs: Saul Zaentz ( (February 28, 1921 – January 3, 2014) was an American movie producer. He also owned a record company. He won the Academy Award for Best Picture three times. In 1996, he was awarded the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award.

paragraphs: Zaentz died in San Francisco, California. He was suffering from Alzheimer's disease. He was 92 years old.


title: Proxy war

paragraphs: A proxy war or proxy warfare is a war in which opposite sides use third parties as substitutes for fighting each other directly. States have sometimes used less powerful states as proxies. Violent non-state actors, mercenaries, and other third parties are more often employed. It is hoped that these groups can strike an opponent without leading to full-scale war. The United States and the Soviet Union used proxies to fight during the Cold War. They tried to increase their influence and diminish each others influence.


title: Wim Kok

paragraphs: Willem "Wim" Kok (September 29, 1938 – October 20, 2018) was a politician and former trade unionist from the Netherlands. He represented the Labour Party (PvdA). He served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from August 22, 1994 until July 22, 2002.

paragraphs: Kok was born in Bergambacht in South Holland.

paragraphs: Kok died on October 20, 2018 in Amsterdam from heart failure at the age of 80.


title: Josip Manolić

paragraphs: Josip Manolić (born 22 March 1920) is a Croatian politician. He was the Prime Minister of Croatia from 24 August 1990 to 17 July 1991.


title: Positronium

paragraphs: Positronium is an onium, a type of exotic atom that is made of a particle and its antiparticle. In Positronium, one positron and one electron are bonded together. The positron replaces a proton that would normally be present in a Hydrogen atom. They both stay in the same orbital. A few nanoseconds after it is created the Positronium is destroyed and it forms two gamma rays.

paragraphs: Positronium can form molecules, like normal atoms. It can bond with both other exotic atoms and normal atoms.

paragraphs: Di-positronium is a simple molecule made from two positronium atoms bonded together. It was predicted in 1946 by John Archibald Wheeler, but was discovered in 2007 by David Cassidy and Allen Mills, when they fired positrons at molecules of silicon dioxide.

paragraphs: Positronium hydride, also called hydrogen positride, is an exotic molecule made of an atom of hydrogen bonded to a positronium atom. It was predicted in 1951 by A Ore, but was not discovered until 1990 by R. Pareja and R. Gonzalez, who discovered it when they trapped positronium in hydrogen-magnesia crystals.


title: Belize Barrier Reef

paragraphs: The Belize Barrier Reef is a series of coral reefs. It goes along the coast of Belize, about offshore in the north and in the south. The Belize Barrier Reef is a long section of the long Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System. The reef system runs continuous from Cancún on the northeast tip of the Yucatán Peninsula through the Riviera Maya down to Honduras. This makes it one of the largest coral reef systems in the world after the Great Barrier Reef in Australia and the New Caledonia Barrier Reef.

paragraphs: Charles Darwin described it as "the most remarkable reef in the West Indies" in 1842.

paragraphs: The Belize Barrier Reef is home to many different plants and animals. There are:

paragraphs: About 90% of the reef still needs to be researched. It is thought that only 10% of all species have been discovered.


title: San Ignacio, Belize

paragraphs: San Ignacio is a town in western Belize. It is the capital of Cayo District. The town grew from Mahogany and chicle production during British rule.

paragraphs: San Ignacio is on the banks of the Macal and Mopan Rivers.


title: San Pedro Town

paragraphs: San Pedro is a town in Belize. It is on the southern part of the island of Ambergris Caye. English is the main language spoken, however many people speak Spanish.

paragraphs: One of the main industries in the town is tourism, most notably scuba diving. Ambergis Museum is in the town.


title: Benque Viejo del Carmen

paragraphs: Benque Viejo del Carmen (usually shortened to "Benque") is a town in the country of Belize. It is in the Cayo District. The northern edge of the town is along the Mopan River. The river also forms the border with Guatemala. Benque Viejo is a growing town rich with culture and activities. It is a short 5 minute walk to the famous Xunantunich ruins. It also is home to Actun Chapat, a large underground cave system, popular with tourists. An addition of a new Municipal market in Sept 6 2014 . A new hotel the Benque Resort. The addition of Tropic Air extending flights to Maya Flats, has increased the interest and visitors to Benque. Benque is experiencing a growing expat population of retirees, as it was voted cleanest and safest town in Belize.

paragraphs: Once a bustling center of trade for logwood and chicle, Benque is now experiencing growth in tourism, and the addition of a Free trade zone has contributed to the growth and prosperity of the town. Residents enjoy a variety of activities in the town, one of the most popular is river tubing. Leaving from the dock at the Benque Resort on Riverside, visitors and residents, can enjoy the beautiful greenish/blue waters of the Mopan River and float downstream to the Mayan ruins of Xunantunich, a popular tourist destination, which features one of the largest pyramids in Belize. A popular House of Culture features a Marimba academy,art classes,dance and music classes to residents and visitors alike. A 100-acre Art park Poustinia on the outskirts of Benque features fabulous works, created by groups and students from all over the world. A publishing house, Cubola books, and a recording studio, Stonetree records, have made this town popular amongst artists from all over the world. The addition of Cave Garden coffee house and resident artist and world renowned master flutist Pablo Collado has entertained countless groups and dignitaries.


title: Belize dollar

paragraphs: The Belize dollar is the official currency in Belize. It is normally abbreviated with the dollar sign "$". It is sometimes written as "BZ$" to be different from other dollars. It is divided into 100 cents.


title: Venison

paragraphs: Venison is the meat of a game animal, especially a deer.

paragraphs: Venison may be eaten as steaks, tenderloins, roasts, sausages, jerky and minced meat. Venison has less fat than similar cuts of beef. However, like beef, leaner cuts can be tougher as well. Venison can be kosher.


title: Paca

paragraphs: The genus Cuniculus has the two species of paca.

paragraphs: Pacas are found from southern Mexico to northern Argentina. They are a source of meat in many places.

paragraphs: Both species of paca eat mainly fruit. Other foods include roots, seeds, leaves, buds, and flowers. In the wild, pacas are herbivores, meaning they eat only plants. In captivity, they are omnivores, meaning they eat both plants and flesh. Pacas in zoos eat fruits, vegetables, raw meat, lizards, and insects.


title: Open Database License

paragraphs: The Open Database License (ODbL) is a copyright license for sharing database contents. The ODbL is "copyleft" because it makes the copyrighted work easier to share.

paragraphs: The license is provided by the Open Knowledge Foundation.

paragraphs: In September 2012 the OpenStreetMap (OSM) project moved from a Creative Commons license to ODbL.