title: Alpine marmot

paragraphs: The Alpine marmot is a species of marmot (a rodent). It can be found in mountain regions of central and southern Europe. It is the third-largest rodent on the European continent. The Eurasian beaver and the Crested porcupine are both larger than it. Alpine marmots mature in their third year. For this reason, marmots live in family groups of up to twenty animals. Alpine marmots have been around since the ice age. Today, their range is limited to the higher mountain regions.


title: Western Christianity

paragraphs: Western Christianity is a part of the Christian religion. Western Christianity talks about the religious traditions of Christians whose ancestors were from Western Europe.

paragraphs: Western Christianity includes people who are members of the Catholic Church, as well as people who are members of Protestant churches. The Protestant churches were formed by people who were former members of the Catholic Church. Many Protestant churches started during the Protestant Reformation in about 1600.

paragraphs: As the Protestant leaders were former members of the Catholic Church, Protestants share many, but not all, religious beliefs and religious traditions with Catholics. However, Western Christianity is different from Eastern Christianity, which has a different set of religious traditions, but many of the same religious beliefs.

paragraphs: Western Christianity makes up about 90% of Christians worldwide. The Roman Catholic Church has over half of all Christians. The many Protestant and related denominations make up another 40%. Baptists, Lutherans, and Anglicans are some of the larger and older Western denominations which are not the Roman Catholic Church.


title: Paul Signac

paragraphs: Paul Signac (11 November 1863 – 15 August 1935) was a French neo-impressionist painter. His work with Georges Seurat helped create the pointillist style of painting.


title: FIFA (video game series)

paragraphs: FIFA, also known as FIFA Football or FIFA Soccer, is a series of association football video games, released yearly by Electronic Arts. The next version will be FIFA 21, due for release on 6th october 2020.

paragraphs: The FIFA video games franchise has versions in 10+ languages. It is available in 50+ countries. The series has sold more than 100 million copies.


title: FIFA 14

paragraphs: FIFA 14 is a 2013 association football simulation video game created by EA Canada and published by Electronic Arts. It was released for the Playstation 2, PlayStation 3, PlayStation Portable, PlayStation Vita, Xbox 360, Wii, Nintendo 3DS and Microsoft Windows. Since it was released on September 24, 2013, it has gotten good reviews.

paragraphs: Leagues/International teams in bold are licensed.


title: Biosphere reserve

paragraphs: A biosphere reserve is a ecosystem with plants and animals of unusual scientific and natural interest. It is a label given by UNESCO to help protect the sites. The plan is to promote management, research and education in ecosystem conservation. This includes the 'sustainable use of natural resources'. If, for example, fish or trees are taken for human use, this is done in ways which least damage the ecosystem.

paragraphs: A biosphere reserve consists of three zones: lithosphere, Hydrosphere and Atmosphere.

paragraphs: The program is run by UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere Program. It has started a World Network of Biosphere Reserves. The MAB program has built up the World Network of Biosphere Reserves since 1971. Biosphere reserves, exchange knowledge and experiences on new ideas for sustainable development. They are areas used to develop new ways of doing things, test these ways and share the results. The objective is to get a balanced relationship between mankind and nature. The biosphere is very important to humans.


title: Lake Amadeus

paragraphs: Lake Amadeus () is a huge salt lake in the southwest corner of the Northern Territory, in Australia. It is about north of Uluṟu. The lake is 180 km long and 10 km wide. It is the largest salt lake in the Northern Territory. Because of the dryness of the area, the lake is usually a dry salt crust. When it rains enough, water flows through it towards the east. It eventually connects to the Finke River. Lake Amadeus holds up to 600 million tonnes of salt. The groundwater soaks into the ground, and the lake supports several reliable springs.

paragraphs: The first European to find the lake was the explorer Ernest Giles in 1872. He had seen Kata Tjuta from far away and was making his way there. The lake blocked his path. He could not go over it because the dry lake bed was not able to hold the weight of his horses. He described the lake as "an infernal lake of mud and brine". Giles was going to name it "Lake Ferdinand" after Baron Ferdinand von Mueller. But Mueller asked Giles to instead name it after King Amadeus I of Spain. Amadeus had honoured Mueller a few years before.

paragraphs: Lake Amadeus is on Aboriginal land, and is covered by the Katiti and Petermann Aboriginal Land Trusts.


title: Elder Futhark

paragraphs: Elder Futhark is the oldest known runic script. It was used by Germanic tribes during the 2nd to 8th century. It consists of 24 different characters that are used like an alphabet; each character represents a sound or syllable. All Germamic tribes used the same form and same language. Its use lasted to the mid 8th century. Scholars are still discussing when it was first used: The oldest known use which is not disputed is a comb on the Vimose inscriptions from Denmark. It dates around the year 160. There are also runes on the Meldorf fibula, which date from the year 50. The inscription on the fibular is made of characters that are probably runes. The problem is that these characters can also represent symbols in the Latin alphabet.

paragraphs: Many of the characters from Elder Futhark resemble Latin or etruscan ones. For this reason, Elder Futhark had probably modelled form Southern Europe. The ordering of the Futhark letters is completely different from other known alphabets. In contrast, the ordering of the Latin alphabet is the same as the Greek one, which preceded it.


title: Adam Faith

paragraphs: Adam Faith (real name Terence Nelhams-Wright, 23 June 1940 - 8 March 2003) was a British singer, actor and journalist.

paragraphs: Faith was born in Acton, London. He died of a heart attack in Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire.


title: A Trip to the Moon

paragraphs: A Trip to the Moon is a 1902 French silent movie. It is based loosely on Jules Verne's "From the Earth to the Moon" and H. G. Wells' "The First Men in the Moon". In French, the title of the movie is "Le Voyage dans la lune". The movie was written and directed by Georges Méliès. He had some some help from his brother Gaston. The movie runs about 14 minutes. It was very popular when it was shown for the first time. It is the best-known of the many movies made by Méliès. "A Trip to the Moon" is the first science fiction movie. The movie has many new twists on animation and special effects. One of the most well known images is the one showing a spaceship landing in the Moon's eye. "A Trip to the Moon" was named one of the 100 greatest movies of the 20th century by "The Village Voice". It was ranked at #84.

paragraphs: Six astronomers agree to take a trip to the moon. They build a space capsule in the shape of a bullet. A huge cannon shoots it into space with the help of "marines". These marine are mostly pretty girls in sailor outfits. Some of the marines are men though. The Man in the Moon watches the capsule as it moves toward the moon. He gets hit in the eye.

paragraphs: The astronomers get out of the capsule. They are tired. They unroll their blankets and sleep. A comet passes. The Big Dipper appears with human faces looking out of each star. Snowfall wakes the astronomers. They go into a cavern and find giant mushrooms. One astronomer opens his umbrella. It turns into a giant mushroom.

paragraphs: Selenites appear. They are insectoids that live on the moon. The astronomers fight them. They are captured. They are taken to the Selenite Palace. One astronomer destroys the Chief Selenite. The astronomers run to their space capsule. They take off. They land in an ocean on Earth. A ship rescues them. A celebration is held in honor of the brave men.


title: Younger Futhark

paragraphs: Younger Futhark is a runic script that developed from Elder Futhark, and was used mainly in Scandinavia. Younger Futhark was used form around the year 800. It uses 16 symbols instead of 24, for Elder Futhark. At the same time, the language developed from Proto-Norse to Old Norse, which used more that 16 sounds.


title: Hard Candy (Madonna album)

paragraphs: Hard Candy is the 11th studio album by American singer-songwriter Madonna. It was released on April 19, 2008 by Warner Bros. The first single from the album, "4 Minutes" has Justin Timberlake and Timbaland singing in it. It went on to top charts around the world and reached number three on the US "Billboard" Hot 100. The second single, "Give It 2 Me", has vocals from Pharrell Williams of The Neptunes. It reached the top ten in Canada and the UK.

paragraphs: "Hard Candy" was number one in several countries. Madonna did The Sticky and Sweet Tour to promote the album. "Hard Candy" has sold over four million copies around the world.

paragraphs: It was certified Gold in the United States for shipments of over 500,000 copies.


title: Dord

paragraphs: Dord is a ghost word, a word that has no definition. In 1934, the New International Merriam Webster Dictionary accidentally printed the word, "dord." Philip Babcock Gove was an editor at Merriam-Webster and became editor-in-chief of Webster's Third New International Dictionary. Gove wrote a letter to the journal American Speech fifteen years after the error was caught. He explained why "dord" was printed in the second edition of the New International dictionary. It got through when a slip was sent saying "D or d?" Readers could think it was a word, "dord." It only appeared in the second edition of the dictionary. It was soon caught and taken out. Dord is the only known ghost word in the Merriam Webster's Dictionary history.


title: ETalk

paragraphs: etalk (formerly "eTalk Daily") is a Canadian entertainment news show hosted by Ben Mulroney and Tanya Kim.


title: Edwin S. Porter

paragraphs: Edwin Stanton Porter (April 21, 1870 – April 30, 1941) was an early movie pioneer and director. His most important movies are "Life of an American Fireman" (1903) and "The Great Train Robbery" (1903).


title: Life of an American Fireman

paragraphs: Life of an American Fireman is a silent movie. It was made by Edwin S. Porter. It was shot late in 1902. It was distributed early in 1903. It is one of the earliest American storytelling movies. It is about the rescue of a woman and child from a burning building. It has seven scenes and nine shots. Movie expert Charles Musser points out that this movie shows that the social role of firefighters was changing at the time it was made.


title: Pentane

paragraphs: Pentane is an organic compound with the chemical formula of . It is an alkane with five carbon atoms. Usually, "pentane" represents all three isomers ("n"-pentane, isopentane and neopentane). But in the IUPAC, pentane only represents "n"-pentane. In the IUPAC, the other two isomers is 2-methylbutane and 2,2-dimethylpropane. Cyclopentane's chemical formula is , so it is not an isomer of pentane.

paragraphs: All isomers of pentane burn with oxygen to make carbon dioxide and water:


title: Max Schreck

paragraphs: Friedrich Gustav Max Schreck (6 September 1879 – 20 February 1936) was a German actor. He is remembered for his role in the horror movie "Nosferatu" (1922).

paragraphs: Schreck was born in Berlin-Friedenau, on 6 September 1879. He received his training at the " (the State Theatre of Berlin). He completed his studies in 1902. He made his stage debut in Meseritz and Speyer. He then toured Germany for two years appearing at theatres in Zittau, Erfurt, Bremen, Lucerne, Gera, and Frankfurt am Main. Schreck then joined Max Reinhardt's company of performers in Berlin. Many of Reinhardt's troupe made a significant contribution to movies.

paragraphs: Between 1919 and 1922, Schreck appeared at the Munich Kammerspiele. He had a role in the expressionist production of Bertolt Brecht's debut, " ("Drums in the Night"). He played the "freakshow landlord" Glubb. During this time he also worked on his first movie "Der Richter von Zalamea". In 1921, he was hired by Prana Film for their first and only movie, "Nosferatu". The company declared itself bankrupt after the movie was released. They did not want to pay copyright infringement costs to "Dracula" author Bram Stoker's widow. Schreck portrayed Count Orlok in the movie. The character was very similar to Count Dracula.

paragraphs: In 1923, Schreck was still in Munich. He appeared in a 16-minute (one-reeler) slapstick, "surreal comedy" written by Bertolt Brecht entitled ' ("Mysteries of a Barbershop"). Schreck appeared as a blind man in the film ' ("The Street") the same year.

paragraphs: Schreck's second collaboration with "Nosferatu" director F. W. Murnau was the 1924 comedy "" ("The Grand Duke's Finances"). Murnau did not like the final product.

paragraphs: In 1926, Schreck returned to the Kammerspiele in Munich. He continued to act in movies. He made the transition to "talkies". He died in 1936 in Munich of a heart attack. On 19 February 1936, Schreck had just played The Grand Inquisitor in the play "". That evening he felt unwell. The doctor sent him to the hospital where he died early the next morning His obituary praised his role as The Miser in Molière's comedy play. He was buried on 14 March 1936 at Wilmersdorfer Waldfriedhof in Berlin.

paragraphs: Schreck was married to actress Fanny Normann. She appeared in a few movies. She was often credited as Fanny Schreck. The word "schreck" is also the German word for "fright", or "terror". Because of this, many authors who were unaware of Schreck's on-stage credits (and ignorant of the rather sparse details of his personal life) speculated that there was really no such person, and that Schreck was, in fact, some well-known actor who had chosen to adopt a pseudonym for his role in "Nosferatu". One of the prime "suspects" was Alfred Abel; however, a careful examination of the photographs of these two actors is sufficient to dispel such notions.

paragraphs: Schreck's contemporaries recalled he was a loner with an unusual sense of humor. He was skilled in playing grotesque characters. One reported he lived in "a remote and strange world". He was said to spend time walking through dark forests.

paragraphs: The person and performance of Max Schreck in "Nosferatu" has been fictionalized by actor Willem Dafoe in E. Elias Merhige's "Shadow of the Vampire". In a sort of secret history, "Shadow" posits that Schreck actually "was" a vampire.

paragraphs: Scriptwriter Daniel Waters created the character Max Shreck for the film "Batman Returns" and compared him to the character Max Schreck played in "Nosferatu". "Variety" claimed the name was an in-joke. Shreck was a character created exclusively for the movie, absent from the comics, and serves as one of the main antagonists.


title: Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem

paragraphs: The Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem is one of the last remaining large, nearly intact ecosystems in the northern temperate zone of the Earth. It is partly in Yellowstone National Park. Its management has been controversial: the area is a flagship site for conservation groups that promote ecosystem management. The Greater Yellow Ecosystem (GYE) is a kind of natural laboratory in landscape ecology and geology. It is a world-renowned recreational site, and home to the animals of Yellowstone.

paragraphs: The Yellowstone National Park boundaries were drawn in 1872 to include all the geothermal basins in the area. By the 1970s, the grizzly bear's ("Ursus arctos") range in and near the park became the unofficial minimum boundary of a Greater Yellowstone ecosystem. This had at least . Since then, definitions of the greater ecosystem's size have steadily grown larger. A 1994 study listed the size as , while a 1994 speech by a Greater Yellowstone Coalition leader enlarged that to .

paragraphs: In 1985 the United States House of Representatives Subcommittees on Public Lands and National Parks and Recreation held a joint subcommittee hearing on Greater Yellowstone. The result was a 1986 report by the Congressional Research Service which said that different agencies were not working well together, and the area's essential values were at risk.

paragraphs: There are other areas within the Greater Yellowstone area which are managed by federal authorities. They include the Gallatin, Custer, Caribou-Targhee, Bridger-Teton and Shoshone National Forests, the John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Memorial Parkway, the National Elk Refuge and Grand Teton National Park. The GYE also includes some private lands around those managed by the U.S. Government.

paragraphs: Outside of Yellowstone National Park, ten wilderness areas have been established in the National Forests since 1966 to get more habitat protection than usual.


title: Old Frisian

paragraphs: Old Frisian was a language spoken between the 13th and 16th century, in the area between the Weser and the Zuiderzee. It is the common ancestor of the Frisian languages, Today, laws and deeds which use Old Frisian remain.


title: Mount Takao

paragraphs: In 1927, Mount Takao was named one of the 100 Landscapes of Japan which best showed Japan and its culture in the Shōwa period.

paragraphs: The city of Hachiōji, Tokyo is at the base of Mount Takao.


title: It (1927 movie)

paragraphs: It is a 1927 silent movie. It is a romantic comedy movie. The story is about a girl who works in a department store. She sets her sights on her handsome and rich boss. The movie's star Clara Bow became known as the "It girl". Dorothy Parker quipped about Bow's character: "It, hell: She had those." The picture was believed lost, but a copy was found in Prague in the 1960s. In 2001, "It" was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

paragraphs: Betty Lou Spence (Clara Bow) has a crush on her handsome boss, Cyrus Waltham, Jr. (Antonio Moreno). He is the new manager of his father's big department store. They belong to different social classes. He is already romantically involved with socialite Adela Van Norman (Jacqueline Gadsden). Cyrus's silly friend Monty (William Austin) notices Betty. She uses him to get closer to Cyrus.

paragraphs: When she finally gets Cyrus's attention, she convinces him to take her on a date to Coney Island. He has a wonderful time. He tries to kiss her on the way home. Betty Lou slaps his face. She hurries out of his car and into her flat. She then peeks out her window at him as he drives away.

paragraphs: Betty bravely proclaims herself as an unmarried mother to protect her sickly roommate Molly (Priscilla Bonner) from having her baby taken away by a couple of meddling welfare workers. Monty arrives at just the wrong moment, forcing Betty to continue the charade with him. He tells Cyrus. Although he is in love with her, Cyrus offers her an "arrangement" that includes everything but marriage. Betty Lou, shocked and humiliated, refuses, quits her job, and resolves to forget Cyrus. When she learns from Monty about Cyrus's misunderstanding, she fumes, and vows to teach her former beau a lesson.

paragraphs: When Cyrus hosts a yachting excursion, Betty Lou makes Monty take her along, masquerading as "Miss Van Cortland". Cyrus at first wants to remove her from the ship, but he cannot long resist Betty Lou's "it" factor; he eventually corners her and proposes marriage, but she gets him back, by telling him that she'd "rather marry his office boy", which accomplishes her goal, but breaks her heart.

paragraphs: He then learns the truth about the baby, and leaves Monty at the helm of the yacht to go find her. Monty crashes the yacht into a fishing boat, tossing both Betty Lou and Adela into the water. Betty Lou saves Adela, punching her in the face when she panics and threatens to drown them both. At the end of the movie, she and Cyrus reconcile on the anchor of the yacht, with the first two letters of the ship's name, "Itola", between them. Monty and Adela are upset at losing their friends however, it's implied they pursue a relationship with each other as the movie ends.

paragraphs: Elinor Glynn is thought to have invented the concept of "It". Actually, in 1904, R. Kipling, in the short story "Mrs. Bathurst" introduced "It".

paragraphs: In February 1927 "Cosmopolitan" published a two-part serial story in which Glyn defined "It".

paragraphs: Paramount Pictures paid Glyn $50,000 for the concept. They gave her a small part in the movie as herself. She was given a "story and adaptation" credit.

paragraphs: Hope Loring, Louis D. Lighton and George Marion Jr. (titles) wrote the screenplay. Carl Sandburg noted that Glyn's magazine story was "not at all like the film, not like it in any respect."

paragraphs: This is one of the first examples of a "concept film". It is also one of the earliest examples of product placement. The concept of "It" is referred to throughout the movie. In one scene, Glyn appears as herself to define "It" for Mr. Waltham. "Cosmopolitan Magazine" is featured prominently in another scene. In this scene, the character Monty reads Glyn's story and introduces it to the audience.

paragraphs: Stage actress Dorothy Tree had her first movie role in a small, uncredited part. A young Gary Cooper was cast in a minor role as a newspaper reporter.

paragraphs: "It" was a hit with American audiences. It broke box office records. Critics praised the movie. They said Bow was "a joy to behold".


title: Kim Jong-un

paragraphs: Kim Jong-un (born 8 January 1982, 1983 or 1984) is a North Korean politician. He has been the Supreme Leader of North Korea since December 2011, after the death of his father Kim Jong-il.

paragraphs: According to reports in Japanese newspapers, he went to school in Switzerland near Bern. First reports claimed Kim went to the private English-language International School in Gümligen under the name "Chol-pak" or "Pak-chol" from 1993 to 1998. Kim was described as shy, a good student who got along well with his classmates, and was a basketball fan.

paragraphs: In December 2011, Kim became the leader of North Korea after his father Kim Jong-il died on 17 December 2011. His grandfather Kim Il-Sung was the first leader of North Korea.

paragraphs: On 9 March 2014, Kim was elected unopposed to the Supreme People's Assembly.

paragraphs: On 12 December 2013, North Korean news outlets reported that due to alleged "treachery", Kim had ordered the execution of his uncle Jang Song-thaek. Kim is thought by many to have ordered the assassination of his half-brother, Kim Jong-nam, in Malaysia in February 2017.

paragraphs: As of 2016, the United Nations has created five rounds of sanctions against North Korea for its nuclear program and missile tests.

paragraphs: As of March 2018, a South Korean official Chung Eui-Yong made an announcement on North Korea in the White House briefing room that the North Korean leader Kim told the South Koreans he is "committed to denuclearisation" and "North Korea will refrain from any further nuclear or missile tests." and is open to meeting Donald Trump in North Korea.

paragraphs: Human rights violations under the leadership of Kim Jong-il were condemned by the UN General Assembly. Press reports indicate that they are continuing under Kim.

paragraphs: In his 2018 New Year Speech, Kim said he was open to talk with with South Korea, and also to taking part in the 2018 Winter Olympics in the South. The Seoul–Pyongyang hotline was reopened after almost 2 years. North and South Korea marched together in the Olympics opening ceremony under a unified flag.

paragraphs: In April 2018, Kim and Moon Jae-in formally attended the inter-Korean summit of 2018 and agreed to formally end the Korean War before 2019.

paragraphs: In April and May 2018, Kim met with Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China. In May 2018, Donald Trump said on Twitter that he would meet with Kim on June 12 in Singapore for peace talks.

paragraphs: Kim is married to Ri Sol-ju. They married in 2009. They had a daughter in 2010. He attended a state school in Switzerland from 1998 to 2000 posing as a diplomat's son. Kim is reported to have later attended the Kim Il Sung Military University in Pyongyang from 2002 to 2007. His mother died of cancer in 2004.

paragraphs: In 2009, reports suggested that Kim was a diabetic and suffered from hypertension. He is also known to smoke cigarettes.

paragraphs: Rumors of Kim's death happened in late April 2020. Kim had been absent on the Day of the Sun, 15 April, celebrating the country's founding father, Kim Il Sung, though had been last seen four days before at a government meeting. "Daily NK" reported that Kim had gone to a hospital for a heart surgery on 12 April, but according to CNN by 21 April that Kim's state was in "grave danger" from the surgery. South Korea reported in response to these stories that there were "no unusual signs detected" in about Kim's health. "The Guardian" reported that China had sent a team of doctors on 25 April to North Korea to look at Kim's condition.


title: Anthony Perkins

paragraphs: Anthony Perkins (April 4, 1932 - September 12, 1992) was an American actor. He is best known for his roles in "Psycho" and its sequels, where he played Norman Bates, a serial killer who suffered from dissociative identity disorder.

paragraphs: Perkins was born in New York City and was the son of actor Osgood Perkins (1892-1937). He moved to Boston, Massachusetts in 1942.

paragraphs: Perkins was bisexual. He was married to photographer Berry Berenson (1948-2001) from 1973 until his death from AIDS in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California in 1992. The couple had two sons, actor Oz (born 1974) and musician Elvis (born 1976). Berenson was killed in the September 11 terrorist attacks. She was aboard American Airlines Flight 11 when it was hijacked and crashed into the World Trade Center.


title: Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man

paragraphs: Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a database that keeps track of all known human genes.

paragraphs: It list those which cause genetic disorders, and those which simply cause traits. There are about 8,000 entries for genes, and 15,000 entries for phenotypes, which are (roughly) the feature(s) caused by a person's genes.

paragraphs: When possible it links diseases to specific genes. It provides a useful tool for further research. OMIM is one of the databases housed in the U.S. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). People search it using the NCBI search menus.

paragraphs: Mendelian Inheritance in Man was started as books in the early 1960s. The 12th edition is the most recent book. The online version, OMIM, has been available since 1987. NCBI move it to the World Wide Web in 1995. By 2004, OMIM contained more than 15,000 records.

paragraphs: Every disease and gene is given a six digit number. The first digit in each number tells how the gene or disease is inherited (passed from one generation to the next).

paragraphs: If the initial digit is 1, the trait is autosomal dominant; if 2, autosomal recessive; if 3, X-linked. Each trait defined in this dictionary has a MIM number, the number from the 12th edition of MIM. The MIM number is printed in square brackets with or without an asterisk (asterisks indicate that the mode of inheritance is known; a number symbol (#) before an entry number means that the phenotype can be caused by mutation in any of two or more genes) as appropriate. For example, Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease [MIM #312080] is an X-linked recessive disorder.

paragraphs: Range of MIM codes: method of inheritance

paragraphs: These codes have been used in the medical literature to provide a unified index to genetic diseases.


title: Valdagno

paragraphs: Valdagno is a comune in the province of Vicenza, in Italy


title: Un ballo in maschera

paragraphs: Un ballo in maschera (A Masked Ball) is an Italian opera in three acts. The music was written by Giuseppe Verdi. The libretto was written by Antonio Somma. It is based on Eugène Scribe's "Gustave III ou Le Bal Masqué".

paragraphs: The opera was first performed at the Teatro Appollo in Rome, on February 17, 1859. One of Verdi's richest middle-period works, it relates the events surrounding the assassination of King Gustav III of Sweden, but because of censorship, the story was transposed to 17th century Boston, with Gustav becoming an English governor, Richard of Warwick. Nowadays, most productions present the opera in its original Swedish setting.


title: Aboriginal land rights in Australia

paragraphs: Aboriginal land rights in Australia are the special set of rights given to Indigenous Australians to own land. There are many different types of land rights laws. They all allow the government to grant land to indigenous (native) Australians under many different conditions (terms). Land rights schemes are in place in the Northern Territory, Queensland, New South Wales, South Australia, and Victoria. Under these laws, the title to the land is normally given to a community or ethnic group, not an individual. Usually, land that has been granted in a land rights claim can not be sold, traded, or mortgaged. Grants will be normally require that the land be passed down to future generations through inheritance.

paragraphs: The passing of Aboriginal land rights laws in Australia was caused by many important Aboriginal protests. It was not until the 1970s, though, that there came an "organised" movement for the recognition of Aboriginal land rights.

paragraphs: On 1 May 1946, more than 800 Aboriginal stockmen in the Pilbara region of Western Australia went on strike. They demanded wages for their work. They were joined by other Aboriginal workers from the towns of Port Hedland and Marble Bar. The strike ended in 1949.

paragraphs: In 1963, the government turned part of the Yolngu people's traditional lands (in Arnhem Land) into a bauxite mine. The Yolngu started a petition (now called the Yirrkala bark petitions) to demand the rights to these lands. The petition was turned into a legal case. Mining went ahead anyway, and the legal case went on for 41 years. The Yolngu were finally made a part of the agreement between the government and the mining company in 2011.

paragraphs: In 1964 and 1965, students from the University of Sydney formed a group called the Student Action for Aboriginals. They travelled into New South Wales country towns to research segregation between native and non-native people. They led protests to get people to know about the issue of Aboriginal civil rights. It became known as the Freedom Ride movement. At the time, Aboriginal people were not counted in the census and their civil rights were different to white citizens. This changed in 1967, when a referendum gave Aborigines the same rights as white Australians.

paragraphs: The Wave Hill walk-off was in August 1966. A total of 200 Gurindji stockmen and servants at Wave Hill cattle station went on strike to demand wages and the return of some of their traditional lands. The strike went for nine years. The demand was not met, but the Gurindji stayed camped on their traditional country. They chose to break the state's law but obey their own. It raised popular support for Aboriginal land rights. Supporters in the cities rallied for the Gurindji and eventually they won title to part of their land.

paragraphs: In 1973, an Aboriginal Land Rights Commission was created in the Northern Territory. This royal commission said that the government should recognise Aboringal Land Rights, and gave advice for passing laws on it. Prime Minister Gough Whitlam took the advice and brought a Land Rights Bill to parliament. It was changed by the next prime minister, Malcolm Fraser, and passed by the Governor-General on 16 December 1976.

paragraphs: In 1976, the Territory government passed the first Aboriginal land rights law in the country. It allowed Aboriginal people in the Territory to claim rights to land that their ancestors had lived on before the arrival of white people. Groups that made claims had to show proof of their traditional (historical) association with the land. This ended up giving almost 50% of land in the Northern Territory (around ) to native groups. Before this act, there had been many "indigenous reserves" in the Northern Territory. This land was owned by the government and set aside for Aboriginal people to live on until they were assimilated into white society. When the act was put into effect, the old "reserves" were given to the Aboriginal groups living on them without them having to make a claim.


title: Safety Last!

paragraphs: Safety Last! is a 1923 silent movie. It is a romantic comedy. It stars Harold Lloyd. The image of Lloyd clutching the hands of a large clock as he dangles from the outside of a skyscraper above moving traffic is well known. The movie was very successful and critically hailed. It cemented Lloyd's status as a major figure in early movies. It is still popular with movie buffs. Lloyd performed some of his climbing stunts despite losing a thumb and forefinger in an accident while making a movie four years earlier.


title: Mario Manningham

paragraphs: Mario Cashmere Manningham (born May 25, 1986) is an American football wide receiver who currently plays for the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League. He was drafted by the New York Giants in the third round of the 2008 NFL Draft. He played college football at Michigan.

paragraphs: In 2005, as a freshman, Manningham had 27 receptions for 433 yards and six touchdowns, including the game-winning catch as time expired in the game against Penn State, handing the Lions their only loss that season.

paragraphs: Manningham finished 2006 with a total 38 receptions 703 yards and nine touchdowns. He was named Big Ten Offensive Player of the Week two weeks in a row, first against Notre Dame and then against Wisconsin.

paragraphs: Manningham had a total of 72 receptions for 1,174 yards and 12 touchdowns in 2007.

paragraphs: After the 2007 season, Manningham opted to forgo (forget, not do) his eligibility for his senior year in 2008 and entered the NFL Draft. He finished his career at Michigan with 137 receptions for 2,310 yards and 27 touchdowns. Those marks (in order) placed him ninth, fifth, and fourth in school history.

paragraphs: Manningham was selected in the third round (95th overall) of the 2008 NFL Draft by the New York Giants.

paragraphs: During rookie training camp, Manningham said that he looked forward to playing with fellow former Michigan Wolverine Amani Toomer, who was with New York at the time. Manningham signed a four-year deal worth up to $2.3 million as a rookie.

paragraphs: Manningham has been working on his punt return abilities and competed for the punt returner spot in 2009.

paragraphs: Manningham kicked off the 2009 NFL season by catching three passes for 58 yards and a touchdown en route to the Giants' 23-17 win over the Washington Redskins. He followed this up by catching 10 passes for 150 yards and a juggling sliding catch for a touchdown in the Giants' 33-31 win over the Dallas Cowboys.

paragraphs: Manningham became the starting wide receiver opposite Steve Smith after fellow receiver Domenik Hixon was injured in a Week 2 game against the Dallas Cowboys.

paragraphs: Manningham let Victor Cruz and Hakeem Nicks take much of his playing time, and Manningham was only the #3 wideout in 2011.

paragraphs: On February 5, 2012, Manningham made a catch in the fourth quarter of Superbowl XLVI to set up the win against the Patriots. Trailing by 2 points with 3 minutes 46 seconds remaining, the Giants started the winning drive. Eli Manning lofted a long pass down the left sideline to Mario Manningham, who kept his feet inbounds by inches with two defenders around him. The Giants went on to beat the New England Patriots 21-17. Manningham ended the game with 5 catches for 73 yards. Most people think that he will not return to the Giants.

paragraphs: Manningham had reportedly been removed from "multiple teams'" draft boards due to alleged marijuana use in college. Mario denied testing positive at first, then sent a letter to all 32 teams saying he lied. Manningham claimed he failed two drug tests. Bob McGinn of the "Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel" reported that Manningham scored a 6 out of 50 on the Wonderlic exam. This along with several other problems caused his draft value to drop.


title: Broken Blossoms

paragraphs: Broken Blossoms, or The Yellow Man and the Girl is a silent movie directed by D. W. Griffith. It was distributed by United Artists. It premiered on May 13, 1919.

paragraphs: It tells the story of a young girl who is abused by her alcoholic father. She meets a kind-hearted Chinese man who falls in love with her. The movie is based on Thomas Burke's short story "The Chink and the Child".

paragraphs: In 1996, "Broken Blossoms" was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

paragraphs: Cheng Huan (Richard Barthelmess) leaves his native China. He "dreams to spread the gentle message of Buddha to the Anglo-Saxon lands." His idealism fades in London’s brutal and gritty inner-city. He meets and grows devoted to the "broken blossom" Lucy Burrows (Lillian Gish). She is the beautiful but unwanted and abused daughter of prizefighter Battling Burrows (Donald Crisp).

paragraphs: After being beaten and discarded one evening by her raging father, Lucy finds sanctuary in the beautiful and exotic room above Cheng's shop. As Cheng nurses Lucy back to health, the two form a bond as two unwanted outcasts of society. When Lucy’s father gets wind of his daughter's whereabouts, he drags her back to their home to punish her. Fearing for her life, Lucy locks herself inside a closet to escape her brutal father.

paragraphs: By the time Cheng arrives to rescue Lucy, it is too late. Lucy’s lifeless body lies on her bed as her father drinks in another room. Cheng gazes at Lucy’s youthful face which, in spite of the circumstances, beams with innocence. Her father enters the room to make his escape. The two stand for a long while, exchanging spiteful glances, until Battling Burrows lunges for Cheng with a hatchet. Cheng retaliates by shooting Burrows repeatedly with his handgun. After returning to his home with Lucy’s body, Cheng builds a shrine to Buddha and takes his own life with a knife to the stomach.

paragraphs: The most-discussed scene in "Broken Blossoms" is the "closet" scene. Gish writhes in the claustrophobic space like a tortured animal who knows there is no escape. Critic Richard Schickel writes, "It is heartbreaking – yet for the most part quite delicately controlled by the actress. Barthelmess reports that her hysteria was induced by Griffith’s taunting of her. Gish claims that she improvised the child’s tortured movements on the spot and that when she finished the scene there was a hush on stage. Griffith then exclaimed, 'My God, why didn’t you warn me you were going to do that?'”. The scene also demonstrates Griffith's ability to create an aural effect with only an image. Gish's screams apparently attracted such a crowd outside the studio that people needed to be held back.


title: Monsters University

paragraphs: Monsters University is a 2013 computer-animated comedy movie. It is a prequel to "Monsters, Inc." and follows the same monsters who later become friends. John Goodman, Billy Crystal and Steve Buscemi reprised their roles.

paragraphs: A second movie of "Monsters, Inc." had been planned since 2005. Following disagreements between then-Disney CEO Michael Eisner and then-Pixar owner Steve Jobs, Disney (who at the time owned the rights to make sequels to all of Pixar's films until the movie "Cars" was released) announced that a sequel to "Monsters, Inc." would be made by Circle 7 Animation. Circle 7 were also working on an early draft of "Toy Story 3" at the time.

paragraphs: The movie was originally going to be named "Monsters, Inc. 2: Lost in Scaradise". The movie would have been about Mike and Sulley visiting the human world to give Boo a birthday present. However, they find out that she had moved to a different house. After getting trapped in the human world, Mike and Sulley split up after disagreeing on what to do (Sulley wanting to look for Boo, Mike wanting to find a way to get back to Monstropolis).

paragraphs: Screenwriters Rob Muir and Bob Hilgenberg were hired to write the script. They storyboarded an early draft of the script.

paragraphs: A sequel made by Pixar was officially announced in 2010. The movie was originally planned to be released on November 16, 2012. However, it was later changed to November 2, 2012 (eleven years to the day after the release of its predecessor) to avoid direct competition with "The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2". On April 5, 2011, it was announced that the film's release date had been pushed back farther to June 21, 2013 due to the success of Pixar movies that are released in the summer. This is according to Disney distribution executive Chuck Viane. It will be the studios' fourteenth feature film.

paragraphs: In early 2011, there were claims that "Monsters, Inc. 2" was going to be a prequel which focuses on Sulley and Mike's studies at the University of Fear, where they start off as rivals but soon become best friends. This is similar to how Woody and Buzz Lightyear start off in the first "Toy Story". On March 29, 2011, it was confirmed that the movie will indeed be a prequel and the new title "Monsters University" was shown. The movie will be directed by Dan Scanlon and produced by Kori Rae. It was also announced that John Goodman, Billy Crystal and Steve Buscemi will be reprising their roles. New voice cast includes Dave Foley, Julia Sweeney, Joel Murray, and Peter Sohn.

paragraphs: On August 12, 2011 Billy Crystal went to a 20th anniversary screening of "City Slickers". When he was asked about his return to the role of Mike Wazowski he said, "That's why I'm a little hoarse. I spent five-and-a-half hours today for our fourth session on "Monsters Inc. 2"." Crystal has said that he and co-star John Goodman are having a blast together and describes the script as "really great" and "hilarious". Crystal also gave little details of the story of the movie. He described, "It's college pranks with monsters. And I wear a retainer. Mike has a retainer."


title: Vinny Testaverde

paragraphs: Vincent Frank Testaverde (b. 13 November 1963) is a retired American Football quarterback. He played college football for the Miami Hurricanes. In the National Football League, Testaverde played 21 seasons for seven different teams. He had much success, but also struggled with limiting turnovers, which was part of the reason he never stayed long with any professional team. Testaverde also never won a Super Bowl.

paragraphs: Testaverde was born in Brooklyn, New York, USA. While living in Elmont, on Long Island, Testaverde went to school at Sewanhaka High School in Floral Park, and graduated in 1981.

paragraphs: Testaverde played college football for the Miami Hurricanes for four years from 1982 through 1986. He won the Heisman Trophy as a senior.

paragraphs: Testaverde was drafted by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in 1987. He struggled with them and went on to play for the Cleveland Browns. In 1996 with the new Baltimore Ravens, Testaverde threw 33 touchdown passes, over 4,100 passing yards, and 19 interceptions. He struggled again in 1997, and went on to the New York Jets, where he had success. Over his later career, Testaverde bounced around the league as a backup for multiple teams. In his final NFL season in 2007, Testaverde and David Carr split time. Testaverde later announced his retirement.

paragraphs: Testaverde holds several NFL records, but not all are positive. He has thrown a touchdown in 21 consecutive seasons. He has the most losses by a starting quarterback with 123. He has thrown touchdown passes to an NFL record 70 different players.

paragraphs: He and his wife, Mitzi, have two daughters, Alicia Marie and Madeleine, and a son, Vincent, Jr.


title: Florida Seminoles

paragraphs: The Florida Seminoles are a college football team that plays in the NCAA.


title: Marvin Lewis

paragraphs: Marvin Ronald Lewis (b. September 23, 1958) is an American football coach. He is the head coach for the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League. In 2002, Lewis was the defensive coodinator for the Washington Redskins. Before that, he was the defensive coodinator for the Baltimore Ravens, who, like Cincinnati, are also in the AFC North. In 2000, a Baltimore defense led by Lewis was one of the most feared defense in league history as they won Super Bowl XXXV.


title: Mike Nolan

paragraphs: Mike Nolan (born March 7, 1959 in Baltimore, Maryland) is an American football coach. He is the current defensive coordinator of the Dallas Cowboys of the National Football League. He was formerly head coach for the San Francisco 49ers and a defensive coordinator for the Baltimore Ravens (was also Baltimore's wide receivers coach in 2001), New York Jets, Washington Redskins, New York Giants, Denver Broncos and Miami Dolphins. He is famous for also wearing a suit often while coaching (NFL coaches usually wear team clothing), which was originally a memorial for his late father.

paragraphs: Nolan attended the University of Oregon in college and was a three-year letterman in football and starter at safety in college football.


title: Shannon Sharpe

paragraphs: Shannon Sharpe (born June 26, 1968) is a former American Football tight end who played for the Denver Broncos and Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League. Sharpe is known for his creative commentary and occasional trash-talking. He was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame, and inducted on August 6, 2011. Sharpe played 12 seasons for Denver (1990–99, 2002–03) and two years with the Baltimore (2000–01), winning three Super Bowls and finishing his career as the NFL's all-time leader in receptions (815), receiving yards (10,060) and receiving touchdowns (62) by a tight end until Tony Gonzalez surpassed all 3 of these records, including breaking his total yardage record on October 5, 2008. Sharpe holds the distinction of being the first tight end ever to amass over 10,000 receiving yards. Shannon was also named a member of the NFL's first team All-Decade team of the 1990s.

paragraphs: Sharpe grew up poor and is the brother of former wide receiver Sterling Sharpe. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in Canton, Ohio in 2011.


title: Sterling Sharpe

paragraphs: Sterling Sharpe is a current NFL Network analyst and former American football wide receiver for the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League. He had to stop playing due to injuries. Sharpe grew up poor and his brother is Shannon Sharpe, who gave Sterling one of his Super Bowl three rings.


title: Silicate mineral

paragraphs: A silicate mineral is a mineral that has a combination of the elements silicon and oxygen. In other words, a silicate mineral has one or more silicates. These minerals (especially feldspar) make up about 90% of the Earth's crust.


title: Akili Smith

paragraphs: Kabisa Akili Maradufu Smith (born August 21, 1975 in San Diego, California) is a retired American football player. He played quarterback in both American and Canadian football. Smith played in the NFL and CFL.


title: Rex Ryan

paragraphs: Rex Ryan (born December 13, 1962) is an American football coach. He is the head coach for the Buffalo Bills of the National Football League (NFL). He coached for the New York Jets from 2009 until 2014. After serving as an assistant coach for twenty-two years, Ryan attained his first head coaching job in the NFL with the Jets in 2009. Ryan was also a great defensive coordinaor for the Baltimore Ravens and won Super Bowl XXXV with Baltimore. He is the son of former Philadelphia Eagles and Arizona Cardinals head coach Buddy Ryan and is the twin brother of Rob Ryan, defensive coordinator for the Dallas Cowboys. Ryan is known for his outspoken manner.

paragraphs: On December 29, 2014, Ryan was fired by the New York Jets. On January 12, 2015, Ryan signed a five-year, $27.5 million contract to become the head coach of the Buffalo Bills.


title: Jamal Lewis

paragraphs: Jamal Lafitte Lewis (born August 26, 1979) is a former American football running back in the National Football League. He was drafted by the Baltimore Ravens fifth overall in the 2000 NFL Draft. He played college football at Tennessee. He also played for the Cleveland Browns from 2007 to 2009. Lewis helped the Ravens win Super Bowl XXXV in his rookie season in 2000.


title: Chuck Pagano

paragraphs: Charles D. "Chuck" Pagano (born October 2, 1960) is an American American football coach and former player. He is currently the head coach for the Indianapolis Colts of the National Football League (NFL), a position he assumed in January 2012. Pagano has previously served as the defensive coordinator of the Baltimore Ravens in 2011, as well as several other positions.


title: Jason Witten

paragraphs: Christopher Jason Witten (born May 6, 1982) is an American football tight end for the Dallas Cowboys of the National Football League. He played college football at the University of Tennessee.

paragraphs: In his first of three years playing college football at the University of Tennessee, Witten went from being a defensive end prospect to a record breaking tight end. He posted school records for most receptions (39) and receiving yards (493). He continued to be a good, solid player in college.

paragraphs: Jason Witten was drafted by the Dallas Cowboys in the 3rd round (69 overall) by the Dallas Cowboys in the 2003 NFL Draft. Witten has a successful career in Dallas. He has been voted to seven Pro Bowls. On November 28, 2008, Witten made his 400th catch in a Thanksgiving day game against the Seattle Seahawks. Witten became the 3rd all-time catch leader for a tight end over Ozzie Newsome with his 663rd career catch.

paragraphs: Witten is a Christian, and appeared on the show "I am Second" and talked about his faith. Witten lives in Texas, USA and is married. He has two sons, CJ and Cooper. He also owns the "Jason Witten SCORE Foundation", which helps people affected by domestic violence.


paragraphs: University of North Carolina at Asheville is a co-educational, public liberal arts university in Asheville, North Carolina. The university has about 3,644 students. It was founded in 1927. The current chancellor of the university is Anne Ponder.

paragraphs: The athletics teams of the university are called the Bulldogs. They have 6 varsity teams for men and 6 for women, most of which compete in the Big South Conference.


title: Tight end

paragraphs: A tight end is a position in American and Canadian football. They often catch passes like a wide receiver. Tight ends are stronger than normal receivers and therefore are often called to block.


title: Cecil B. DeMille

paragraphs: Cecil Blount DeMille (August 12, 1881 – January 21, 1959) was an American movie director. He was an Academy Award-winning producer of both silent and sound movies. He was renowned for the flamboyance and showmanship of his movies. Among his best-known films are "Cleopatra", "Samson and Delilah"; "The Greatest Show on Earth", which won the Academy Award for Best Picture; and "The Ten Commandments", which was his last and most successful movie.

paragraphs: DeMille married Constance Adams on August 16, 1902 and had one child, Cecilia. The couple adopted Katherine Lester in the early 1920s. She married Anthony Quinn. They also adopted two sons, John and Richard. DeMille suffered a near fatal heart attack in 1956 during the shooting in Egypt of "The Ten Commandments". He never fully recovered. He died on January 21, 1959 of heart failure. He rests in Hollywood Forever Cemetery). At the time of his death, he was planning to direct a movie about space travel. He also wanted to do a movie about the Biblical Book of Revelation.


title: Miles Austin

paragraphs: Miles Jonathon Austin III (born June 30, 1984) is an American football player. He plays as a wide receiver for the Dallas Cowboys. He was signed by the Cowboys in 2006. Austin played college football for the Monmouth Hawks. Austin's professional career was quiet at first, but Austin had a breakout year in 2009. He also had a great season in 2010, but missed much of 2011 with an injury. In his NFL career from 2006 to the present, Austin has 211 catches, 3,294 total receiving yards, and 28 total touchdowns. He also has 11 attempts, 94 yards, and a touchdown rushing.

paragraphs: Austin, with the help of his family, owns the Austin Family Foundation, which helps improve the mental and physical status of young people.


title: Kalininskaya Line

paragraphs: The Kalininskaya Line is part of the Moscow metro. It was built especially for Moscow Olympics 1980. The first part of the line opened in 1979 (Marksistskaya-Novogireevo). This part is 11.4 km long. The next part (Marksistskaya-Tretyakovskaya) opened in 1986. This line is number 8 and its colour is yellow. This line has 7 working stations and one under construction:


title: Jameel McClain

paragraphs: Jameel Leshawn McClain (born July 25, 1985 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA) is an American football linebacker for the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League. He was signed by the Ravens as an undrafted free agent in 2008. He played college football at Syracuse. McClain scored his only official professional touchdown on October 4, 2011 after recovering a fumble against the New York Jets. He won Super Bowl XLVII with the Ravens when they defeated the San Francisco 49ers 34-31.

paragraphs: McClain grew up poor in Philadelphia and basically lived at a Salvation Army center. He now often helps in the community.


title: Chelation

paragraphs: Chelation refers to the bonding of elemental atoms that cannot normally be bonded. For example, Sodium is a metal element that can bond with many other elements, like chlorine (forming common table salt: NaCl), or hydrogen and oxygen (Sodium hydroxide). The reason for this is that the way that atoms bond with each other is similar to a jigsaw puzzle: Only the proper shape can fit into the empty space made by the other pieces. However, with atoms, it's a bit different. For each element, the atom carries a certain number of electrons in orbit around its nucleus. Sometimes these orbits are split into levels, and only a certain number of electrons can fill each orbit before moving to a higher orbit.

paragraphs: Sometimes, an orbit level is not filled all the way and can only be filled with electrons from another element with a smaller number of electrons in a higher level. When the atoms bond together, the electrons are traded between the two equally and create a very strong bond.

paragraphs: However, there are a few elements that cannot bond with many other elements, because they have orbits that are already filled, or nearly filled, equally. (Like a finished jigsaw puzzle) These elements can sometimes be poisonous to a human, and cannot be removed easily (for example, mercury.) Chelation enables a non-bonding element to bond, thereby enabling removal.


title: Father's day

paragraphs: Father's Day is a celebration honoring fathers. It celebrates fatherhood, paternal bonds, and the influence of fathers in society. Many countries celebrate it on the third Sunday of June, but it is also celebrated widely on other days. Father's Day complements Mother's Day, a celebration honoring mothers.ln almost all country fathers day is celebrated.


title: Mother's Day

paragraphs: Mother's Day is a holiday that is celebrated on the second Sunday of May every year. It started in the United States. The holiday was founded in 1908 by Anna Jarvis. Mother's Day was first made to celebrate a person's own mother. Now it is made to celebrate all mothers and motherhood in general. It is celebrated at different times in different countries. In the United States of America, it is the second Sunday in May. Children can make cards and a lot of other things for their mother.

paragraphs: The idea for Mother's Day started in the 1850s. Ann Reeves Jarvis had mother's day work clubs where women tried to fight disease and bad milk. They also helped make hurt soldiers better during the Civil War. After the war, Ann made Mother's Day Friendship picnics and Mother's Friendship Day for the women from both sides of the war.

paragraphs: In 1908 after her mother died, Anna Jarvis made the first Mother's Day celebration in Grafton, West Virginia. People also celebrated in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and many other cities. For six years, Anna made the celebration bigger until President Woodrow Wilson made it a national holiday in 1914.


title: Anjelica Huston

paragraphs: Anjelica Huston (born July 8, 1951) is an American stage, television, voice, movie actress, and movie director. Huston is mostly known for her role as Morticia Addams in the movie "The Addams Family" and its sequel "Addams Family Values". She is the daughter of director John Huston. She won a Golden Globe Award in 2004.

paragraphs: She was born in Santa Monica, California on July 8, 1951. She dated Jack Nicholson from 1973 until they separated in 1989. Huston was married to Robert Graham, Jr. from 1992 until his death in 2008. They had no children. Her career started in 1967. She now lives in Three Rivers, California.


title: Yundi Li

paragraphs: Yundi Li (Chinese: 李云迪; pinyin: Lǐ Yúndí), born October 7, 1982 in Chongqing, Sichuan, China, is a Chinese pianist who is very famous for being the youngest pianist to win the International Frédéric Chopin Piano Competition, in 2000, at 18 years old. He now lives in Hong Kong.

paragraphs: Li's parents both worked at the Sichuan Chongqing Steel and Iron Company. When he was three years old, his parents bought him an accordion. He studied the instrument with Tan Jianmin, a music professor in China, and mastered it when he was four. Only one year later, he won the top prize at the Chongqing Children's Accordion Competition. At seven years old Li began to learn the piano. He continued to study with Dan Zhaoyi for another nine years. In 1994, he learned at the Shenzhen Arts School at Shenzhen, China, and later learned at the Hochschule für Musik, Theater und Medien Hannover in Hanover, Germany.

paragraphs: Li won the Children's Piano Competition in Beijing in 1994. In 1995, he was awarded first place at the Stravinsky International Youth Competition. In 1998, he won the Missouri Southern International Piano Competition's junior division, and got Third Prize at the International Franz Liszt Piano Competition of Utrecht the next year. He also won the China International Piano Competition. He also got first place at the Gina Bachauer Young Artists International Piano Competition. Li participated in the 14th International Frédéric Chopin Piano Competition in Warsaw and won the first prize and the "polonaise award".


title: Port Moody

paragraphs: Port Moody is a small city in the Canadian province of British Columbia. It is in Metro Vancouver, on the end of Burrard Inlet. In 2011, 32,975 people lived in Port Moody. The mayor of Port Moody is Mike Clay. It is identified as the "City of the Arts" because it was the destination for artists due to its low rent, beautiful scenery and ambient lighting. The city is named after Richard Moody, a former governor of the Falkland Islands and the first Lieutenant-Governor of the Colony of British Columbia.


title: Anders Behring Breivik

paragraphs: Anders Behring Breivik (born 13 February 1979) is a Norwegian terrorist and perpetrator of the 2011 Norway attacks. The attacks were on 22 July 2011, when Breivik bombed the government buildings in Oslo, which caused eight deaths, and then he went on to carry out a mass shooting at a camp of the Workers' Youth League of the Labour Party, which ended in 69 deaths, most of whom were teenagers. He was charged with violating paragraph 147a of the Norwegian Criminal Code, which is "destabilising or destroying basic functions of society" and "creating serious fear in the population", acts of terrorism under the criminal law and ordered held for eight weeks; the first four in solitary confinement which was pending further court proceedings.

paragraphs: Breivik has sued Norway; he won part of his lawsuit in the district court in 2016, but lost in the higher courts in 2017; he has formally asked European Court of Human Rights, if that court can try his case against Norway.

paragraphs: Breivik failed to develop a stable and safe identity when he was at schools, and the places where he worked, and on internet forums about politics, and in the world of gaming, and as a result he turned the defeats, shame, and hate, towards society,

paragraphs: In Norway, as of 2017, Breivik has become [, to a degree,] "the person whose name shall not be mentioned", claimed an article in Dagsavisen; furthermore, if Norway [wishes] to fight against what he stood for, then one must study "step by step" why [the attacks] happened, in the same way we study how, kind doctors in another country, became able to kill mentally disabled, Jews, and persons who had Schizophrenia.

paragraphs: Breivik converted [or changed his religion, faith or belief,] to Nazism, while in prison, his lawyer Øystein Storrvik said in 2016.

paragraphs: The religious faith of Breivik, is Odinism. Previously, Breivik and others had linked his religious beliefs to Christianity: in 2011 he said that he was a Protestant, however in 2016 he said that he was not a Christian, and that never had he been a Christian.

paragraphs: Hours before the 2011 Norway attacks, Breivik e-mailed a copy of a compilation of text by various authors, and some text by Breivik.

paragraphs: In 2017, blogger and author "Fjordman" (real name: Peder Are Nøstvold Jensen) gave his opinion about texts written by Breivik (in the compilation and in letters from prison): Breivik appears to have psychiatric problems.

paragraphs: He has been diagnosed with personality disorders: antisocial and narcissistic, media said in 2012.

paragraphs: In 2012, his health was found to be good enough to be a defendant in a criminal trial, for the 2011 Norway attacks.


paragraphs: The following is the 2011–12 Canadian network television schedule.


title: Once Upon a Time (TV series)

paragraphs: Once Upon a Time (OUAT) is an American fairy tale drama television series. It was first broadcast on October 23, 2011 on ABC. It features a woman, named Emma Swan, coming to a small town in Maine that is the home of cursed Fairytale characters who no longer remember who they are.


title: Joe Dirt

paragraphs: Joe Dirt is an 2001 comedy movie that was produced by Robert Simonds and was directed by Dennie Gordon. Joe Dirt was released on April 11, 2001 in North America. The movie received negative reviews with a 11% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and a 20 out of 100 from Metacritic.


title: Xenoturbella

paragraphs: Xenoturbella is a genus of bilaterian animals; it contains two marine worm-like species. The first known species was discovered in 1915 but was only described in 1949. A 2003 DNA study has shown it is a primitive deuterostome phylum. The genus was the first member of its subphylum (the Xenoturbellida) to be discovered.

paragraphs: This phylum is basal within the deuterostomes. It is related to the Acoelomorpha, forming a sister clade to the echinoderms and hemichordates. Other members of this phylum are now known.

paragraphs: "Xenoturbella" has a very simple body plan: it has no brain, no through gut, no excretory system, no organized gonads (but does have gametes), or any other organs except for a statocyst containing flagellated cells. It has cilia and a diffuse nervous system. The animal is up to long, and has been found off the coasts of Sweden, Scotland and Iceland.

paragraphs: The association of specimens of "Xenoturbella" with mollusc larva has led many to suggest that they are molluscivores. However, another idea is that the "Xenoturbella" larval stage develops as an internal parasite of certain molluscs.

paragraphs: The genus "Xenoturbella" contains two species:


title: Christian VII of Denmark

paragraphs: Christian VII of Denmark (29 January 1749 – 13 March 1808) was the King of Denmark and Norway from 1766 to 1808, and the duke of Schleswig and Holstein. He was the son of King Frederick V of Denmark and Louise of Great Britain.

paragraphs: He lost his mother at the age of three. His stepmother, Juliana Maria of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, did not take an interest in him, and preferred her own son, Frederik. Christian suffered from epileptic seizures. His educator, Count Detlev of Reventlow, educated him very severely, locking him up in dark chambers for hours at times. Starting at an early age, Christian showed signs of mental illness. At age 17, he was married to his cousin, Caroline Matilda of Great Britain. Caroline Matilde bore a son, the future King Frederick VI of Denmark.

paragraphs: When he became king, his cabinet ruled, much like in his father's time. The cabinet was led by Count Johann Hartwig Ernst von Bernstorff. When he toured Europe, he met Johann Friedrich Struensee, a medical doctor, who was influenced by the ideas of Enlightenment. Struensee soon gained influence at the court. Struensee initiated a number of liberal reforms. He also became the lover of queen Louise, who Christan neglected. In the year 1771, Princess Louise Auguste of Denmark was born. People think that Struensee was probably her father. Struensee was executed on 28 April 1772 outside the gates of Copenhagen. The queen was banned from the court. One of the last decrees of Struensee was to create the town of Christiansfeld, where people from the Moravian Church found shelter.

paragraphs: After the execution, Ove Høegh-Guldberg led the kingdom, supported by Queen Juliane and her son. Many of Struensee's reforms were undone. Andreas Peter Bernstorff stepped down in 1780. In the year 1784, Christian's son Frederick took power, reigning in the place of his father. Frederick was influenced by Enligtenment, and made a number of reforms; for example, the abolition of serfdom. Ernst Heinrich von Schimmelmann was made minister of finances. Together with Christian Ditlev Reventlow they boosted trade. Von Bernstorff returned to power in 1784, and was a strong supporter of the neutrality of Denmark. There was an economic boom.

paragraphs: Christian VII died in 1808 as a result of a stroke.


title: Torrey Smith

paragraphs: James Torrey Smith (born January 26, 1989) is an American wide receiver in the National Football League. He was selected by the Baltimore Ravens in the 2011 NFL Draft. Smith attended Stafford Senior High School in Stafford, Virginia, where he played basketball and football. He accepted a scholarship to the University of Maryland.

paragraphs: Smith played college football for the Maryland Terrapins from 2007 through 2010. Smith redshirted as a freshman in 2007, but had gained a larger role by his sophomore year.

paragraphs: These numbers tell about Smith's play with the Terrapins:

paragraphs: The Baltimore Ravens selected Smith in the 2nd Round (58th overall) of the 2011 NFL Draft. Smith started out slow in the preseason and struggled with drops. However, in Week 3 against the St. Louis Rams, Smith had five catches for 152 yards and three touchdowns. His first catch in the NFL was a 74-yard score from quarterback Joe Flacco. Smith continued his good play, even catching a game-winning touchdown against the Pittsburgh Steelers at Heinz Field on November 6, 2011. Smith finished his first season with 50 catches for 841 yards and seven touchdowns.


title: Klamath Falls, Oregon

paragraphs: Klamath Falls ( ) (Klamath: ʔiWLaLLoonʔa) is a city in Klamath County, Oregon, United States. It was first called "Linkville" when George Nurse founded the town in 1867. This name came from the Link River, because the city sat on its falls. No falls exist there currently. The name was changed to Klamath Falls in 1892. As of the 2010 census, 20,840 people lived there.

paragraphs: The Klamath and Modoc Indians were the first people to live in the area. The Klamath name for this place was "Yulalona" or "Iwauna". Their name for the falls was "Tiwishkeni," or "where the falling waters rush".

paragraphs: The Klamath Reclamation Project began in 1906. The aim of this project was to drain marshland and move water to allow agriculture. When the main "A" Canal was built, water was first available on May 22, 1907. Veterans of World War I and World War II were allowed to live there.

paragraphs: The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . of this is land and (4.54%) is water. The elevation is .

paragraphs: Klamath Falls has a high desert landscape. The older part of the city is above natural geothermal springs. These have been used to heat houses and streets, mostly in the downtown area.


Okayama, Okayama


title: Okayama

paragraphs: Okayama often means Okayama, Okayama, the capital city of Okayama Prefecture in Japan.


title: Cycliophora

paragraphs: The Cycliophora are a new platyzoan phylum, based on a single genus Symbion. They are so different from other animals that they were put in their own phylum. They were discovered in 1995, and are the most recent new phylum. So far, three species have been found.

paragraphs: They live on the bodies of cold-water lobsters. They are microscopic: the feeding stage is about 0.3 mm long, and 0.1 mm wide.

paragraphs: Their life style is commensal, (a form of symbiosis) – they feed on the leftovers from the lobster's own meals.

paragraphs: They have three different body forms, and a two-stage life-cycle.

paragraphs: "Symbion" can reproduce both asexually by budding and sexually. In sexual reproduction the male attaches to a feeding stage and impregnates a budding female. The female then separates from the feeding stage and attaches herself to another host, where the larva in her develops. The female dies, and the larva escapes.

paragraphs: The sexual reproductive cycle is triggered when the host crustacean moults its 'shell' (exoskeleton) in order to grow.


title: Marksistskaya

paragraphs: Marksistskaya is a station of Moscow metro, Kalininskaya Line. It is situated between Tretyakonskaya and Ploshad Il'icha stations. It Was opened on 30 December 1979. It is connected with two other stations - Taganskaya-koltsevaya and Taganskaya-Radialnaya. The station is about under the ground. It has only one exit - to Marksistskaya Street (or Taganskaya, if you cross Marksistskaya street).


title: Meiju Suvas

paragraphs: Meiju Suvas (born: January 22, 1959 in Helsinki, Finland) is a Finnish singer. Her debut album sold 60,000 copies in Finland. It was certified Platinum in that country. She also recorded "Kielletty Rakkaus", which was a tribute song to American singer Selena who originally recorded the song as "Amor Prohibido" (Forbidden Love).


title: Pachuca

paragraphs: Pachuca (officially "Pachuca de Soto") is the capital city of the state of Hidalgo, in Mexico. It is also the capital of the municipality named Pachuca.

paragraphs: Pachuca's nickname is "The Windy Beauty" or "Bride of the Wind", because in the city there are seasons where the winds are very strong. Even local legend is depicted on a monument (the monument of the victory of the wind).

paragraphs: The city has a soccer club "Pachuca". It has a traditional dish called "paste" which consists of a small pie filled with a mixture of chopped potatoes, ground beef and spicy. It has a clock tower dedicated to the Mexican War of Independence.


title: Jules Perrot

paragraphs: Jules-Joseph Perrot (18 August 1810 – 29 August 1892) was a French dancer and choreographer. Perrot was born in Lyon, France, and studied with Auguste Vestris. He debuted at the Paris Opéra in 1830, and became "premier sujet" (principal dancer) within a year. He became Carlotta Grisi's lover in 1836, and choreographed most of her role in "Giselle" in 1841. He passed six years creating ballets for Her Majesty's Theatre in London. He was appointed ballet master for the Imperial Ballet in St. Petersburg, and remained there until 1858. He returned to Paris, and retired in 1864, although he taught classes at the Opéra for many years. Perrot died on 29 August 1892. He created some of the most famous ballets of the 19th century including "Pas de Quatre", "La Esmeralda", "Ondine", and "Giselle".


title: Miyaki, Saga

paragraphs: Miyaki is in the eastern part of Saga Prefecture. It is about east of Saga City and south of Fukuoka.


title: Matsusaka, Mie

paragraphs: , sometimes called Matsuzaka, is a city in central Mie Prefecture. It is on the island of Honshū, Japan. The city is famous for its Matsusaka beef.


title: Primera División de Costa Rica

paragraphs: Primera División de Costa Rica is a league for association football clubs in Costa Rica. It is the country's top football competition. The division has 12 clubs. The seasons are separated by two single tournaments each year, the Apertura, from July to December, and the Clausura, from January to May. So there are two champions each season with teams playing anywhere from 32 to 44 games each totalling 412 games in the season.

paragraphs: The league was created on 13 June 1921 following an invitation from Guatemala to Costa Rica to participate in its Centenary Games.


title: Nagakute, Aichi

paragraphs: The Toyota Automobile Museum is in Nagakute.


title: L.D. Alajuelense

paragraphs: Liga Deportiva Alajuelense (L.D.A.), is a Costa Rican football club that plays in the Primera División de Costa Rica. It was created on 18 June 1919. The team is located in Alajuela and they play their local games at the Estadio Alejandro Morera Soto.

paragraphs: They are the only club in Costa Rica football history with at least one Championship won in each decade. It also shares along with CS Herediano being the only team that has never descended nor played in the Second or Third division.

paragraphs: Costa Rican Short-Tournament Championships:


title: Song Ikp'il

paragraphs: Song Ikp'il (, February 10 1534 - August 8 1599), also known as Unjang, was a Korean scholar, writer, politician, and Neo-Confucian philosopher of the Joseon period.

paragraphs: His nickname was Gubong(구봉, 龜峰) and Hyunseung(현승, 玄繩).


title: Ben Kingsley

paragraphs: Sir Ben Kingsley (born Krishna Pandit Bhanji, 31 December 1943) is a British actor. He was born in Scarborough, North Yorkshire, England. His father was an Indian who was born in Kenya. He is best known for his role as Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi in "Gandhi", for which he won an Academy Award, a BAFTA Award and a Golden Globe Award. The first movie he acted in was "Fear Is the Key" in 1972.


title: Samantha Fox

paragraphs: Samantha Karen Fox (born 15 April 1966) is a British singer, actress and former glamour model. She was born in London. She has sold over thirty million records all over the world and has performed in many movies and television programs. She was very popular in the 1980s and early 1990s. She came out in 2003 and stated that she is in a lesbian relationship. In 2009 she stated her intention to enter into a civil partnership with her manager, Myra Stratton. Fox was a contestant in the 2009 series of "I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!".


title: Night of the Hurricane

paragraphs: Night of the Hurricane is a three-part crossover event in the "Animation Domination" block on Fox. It included the three animated series by Seth MacFarlane. These series were "Family Guy", "American Dad" and "The Cleveland Show". It was first to be broadcast on May 1, 2011, but a series of tornados that killed many people in the Southern United States made Fox broadcast it later. It was broadcast in the next season.


title: Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima

paragraphs: During the reign of Emperor Shōmu, a system of provincial Buddhist temples or were established, including one at Saijō in what is today Higashihiroshima.

paragraphs: In 1973, Hiroshima University established a campus at Higashihiroshima.

paragraphs: In 1974, Higashihiroshima was created from the merger of four neighboring towns—Saijō, , Hachihonmatsu, Shiwa, and Takaya. In 2005, more towns were merged into the city—Kurose, Kōchi, Toyosaka, Fukutomi and Akitsu.


title: Bridge router

paragraphs: A Bridge router or Brouter is a type of telecommunication processor used in networking. It is a combination of both bridge and router.


title: White Rock, British Columbia

paragraphs: White Rock is a city in the Canadian province of British Columbia. It is in Metro Vancouver regional district. In 2011, 19,339 people lived in White Rock.


title: Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi

paragraphs: 'Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi (7 December 903 – 25 May 986), known as al-Sufi, was a Persian astronomer. The lunar crater Azophi and the minor planet 12621 Alsufi are named after him. Al-Sufi wrote his "Book of Fixed Stars" in 964, in text and pictures.

paragraphs: Al-Sufi was one of the nine noted Muslim astronomers. His name implies that he was a Sufi Muslim. He lived at the court of Emir Adud ad-Daula in Isfahan, Persia. He translated and expanded Greek astronomical works, especially the "Almagest" of Ptolemy. He made several corrections to Ptolemy's star-list and did his own brightness and magnitude estimates which often differed from those in Ptolemy's work.

paragraphs: He was a major translator into Arabic of the Hellenistic astronomy done mainly in Alexandria. This was the first attempt to connect the Greek with the traditional Arabic star names and constellations, which had been unrelated and overlapped in complicated ways.

paragraphs: He identified the Large Magellanic Cloud, which is visible from Yemen, though not from Isfahan. It was not seen by Europeans until Magellan's voyage in the 16th century. He also made the earliest recorded observation of the Andromeda Galaxy in 964 AD; describing it as a "small cloud". These were the first galaxies other than the Milky Way to be observed from Earth.

paragraphs: He observed that the ecliptic plane is inclined with respect to the celestial equator and more accurately calculated the length of the tropical year. He observed and described the stars, their positions, their magnitudes and their colour, setting out his results constellation by constellation. For each constellation, he provided two drawings, one from the outside of a celestial globe, and the other from the inside (as seen from the earth).

paragraphs: Al-Sufi also wrote about the astrolabe, finding numerous additional uses for it: he described over 1000 different uses, in areas as diverse as astronomy, astrology, horoscopes, navigation, surveying, timekeeping, Qibla, Salah prayer, etc.


title: Rajat Gupta

paragraphs: Rajat Kumar Gupta (, born 2 December 1948) is an Indian-American businessman. He was the managing director (chief executive) of McKinsey & Company from 1994 to 2003 and a business leader in India and the United States. He was arrested in late 2011 by the FBI on insider trading charges stemming from the Raj Rajaratnam Galleon Group case. In 2012, he was sentenced to 2 years in prison.


title: Mario Monti

paragraphs: Mario Monti (19 March 1943) is an Italian politician who was the Prime Minister from 2011 to 2013. He also was Finance Minister of Italy.


title: Saint-Lambert-sur-Dive

paragraphs: Saint-Lambert-sur-Dives is a commune in the Orne department in north-west France. In 2007, there were 148 people living there. It is in size. The highest point in the commune is 148 metres. The river "La Dives" through the commune. The church was built in 12th century, its bell tower was registered as in historic monument in 1948. This is a romanesque bell tower. The church is closed since 1999. You can see the Castle of Mimbeville of the 17th century.


title: Aunou-le-Faucon

paragraphs: Aunou-le-Faucon is a Commune of the Orne department in north-western France. There are 273 people living there.

paragraphs: There is a church called Eglise St-Cyr-et-Ste-Julitte. The steeple dates from the 17th century.

paragraphs: There is a fortified house dated from the 15th century, this is the "Tour aux Anglais".


title: Oberlin University

paragraphs: The name of the university honors Jean Frederick Oberlin. The name highlights the university's historical ties with Oberlin College in the United States.

paragraphs: The university had a junior college, , between 1950 and 2007. It originally had one academic department, which taught the English language and literature. A second department, Life sciences, was set up in 1955. The college began accepting male students in 1999. The Life sciences department stopped taking students in 1999. The junior college was closed in 2007.


title: Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts

paragraphs: Field Marshal Frederick Sleigh Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts Bt VC KG KP GCB OM GCSI GCIE KStJ PC (30 September 1832 – 14 November 1914) was one of the most distinguished commanders of the British Empire.

paragraphs: Roberts was Indian born, in Cawnpore (now Kanpur) Uttar Pradesh. The son of a general from County Waterford in Ireland, he regarded himself as Anglo-Irish.

paragraphs: He served in the Indian rebellion, the Expedition to Abyssinia and the Second Anglo-Afghan War before leading British Forces to success in the Second Boer War. He also became the last Commander-in-Chief of the Forces before the post was abolished in 1904.

paragraphs: Roberts was awarded the Victoria Cross for actions on 2 January 1858 at Khudaganj. The citation reads:

paragraphs: In an important speech in Manchester on 22 October 1912 Roberts warned of the threat posed by Germany:

paragraphs: In the year 1912, just as in 1866 and just as in 1870, war will take place the instant the German forces by land and sea are, by their superiority at every point, as certain of victory as anything in human calculation can be made certain...We may stand still. Germany always advances and the direction of her advance, the line along which she is moving, is now most manifest. It is towards...complete supremacy by land and sea.

paragraphs: He claimed that Germany was making enormous efforts to prepare for war and ended his speech by saying:

paragraphs: Gentlemen, I say, “Arm and prepare to acquit yourselves like men, for the day of your ordeal is at hand”.

paragraphs: This speech was much criticised in the liberal and radical press, such as the "Manchester Guardian". Much later, a historian said: "At this distance of time the verdict upon Lord Robert's Manchester speech must be that, in speaking out clearly on the probability of war, he was doing a patriotic service comparable to Churchill's during the Thirties".

paragraphs: Roberts died on November 14, 1914. He died of pneumonia. He got sick when he was visiting British troops. Few non-royal people in four centuries have been given a State Funeral in the United Kingdom. Roberts was one of them.

paragraphs: Robert's son, Frederick Hugh Sherston Roberts, died in 1899 in the second Boar War, and received the VC. They were one of only three father and son pairs to receive the Victoria Cross.


title: Montreal Impact

paragraphs: The Montreal Impact () is a Canadian soccer team based in Montreal, Quebec. It has played in the Eastern Conference of Major League Soccer (MLS) since 2012. The club was created in 2010 as an expansion team and was the third Canadian team to join the MLS. The old Montreal Impact of the North American Soccer League (NASL) was replaced by this team. The team's motto is ""Tous Pour Gagner"<nowiki>"</nowiki>. That is French for "All for victory".

paragraphs: The club plays its home games at the Saputo Stadium and is coached by Mauro Biello.

paragraphs: On March 10, 2012, the Impact played their first MLS game, which ended in a 2-0 loss against Vancouver Whitecaps. The Impact won the Canadian Championship in both 2013 and 2014.

paragraphs: Montreal Impact's biggest rival is Toronto F.C. because of Canada's two largest cities (Toronto and Montreal) having shared multiple rivalries. Montreal and Toronto professional soccer teams have competed against each other for over 40 years.

paragraphs: From the original North American Soccer League, as well as the Canadian Soccer League and the A-League, the rivalry has continued through many different leagues they have played up until the past few years where both cities would still occasionally meet for the Canadian Championships. Since both teams have joined MLS, the rivalry is even more intense and the matches have become a Canadian soccer classic called the 401 Derby.


title: Jean Frederick Oberlin

paragraphs: Jean Frederick Oberlin (August 31, 1740 – June 1, 1826) was an Alsatian educator who established schools in poor communities in France.

paragraphs: In the early 19th century, he was honored in the name of Oberlin College, which is an American liberal arts school in Ohio.

paragraphs: In the mid-20th century, Oberlin University in Machida, Tokyo was named after him.


title: Tottori, Tottori

paragraphs: It has been recognized as a special city since 2005.

paragraphs: Tottori Castle was established by Yamana Nobumichi in 1545. The castle town grew at the base of the mountain where the castle was built.

paragraphs: Tottori was incorporated as a city on October 1, 1889.

paragraphs: The city was damaged by a great earthquake in 1942 and by a great fire in 1952.


title: Kannō

paragraphs: , also sometimes romanized as Kan'ō, was a Japanese era name (年号, "nengō", lit. year name) of the Northern Court during the Nanboku-chō period after "Jōwa" and before "Bunna". This period started in February 1350 and ended in September 1352. The emperor in Kyoto was . Sukō's Southern Court rival in Yoshino during this time was .


title: Bunna

paragraphs: , also romanized as Bunwa, was a Japanese era name (年号, "nengō", lit. year name) of the Northern Court during the Nanboku-chō period after "Kannō" and before "Enbun." This period started in September 1352 and ended in March 1356. The pretender in Kyoto was . Go-Kōgon's Southern Court rival in Yoshino during this time-frame was .


title: Hurricane Floyd (1987)

paragraphs: Hurricane Floyd was the only hurricane to make landfall in the United States during the 1987 Atlantic hurricane season. It was the last of seven tropical storms and three hurricanes. Floyd developed on 9 October just off the east coast of Nicaragua. It then became a tropical storm. After this, it moved northward and crossed western Cuba. Because a cold front was approaching, Floyd suddenly turned to the northeast. Late on 12 October it became a hurricane near the Florida Keys. It moved through the south of Florida. It produced two tornadoes and caused some damage. The hurricane also produced rip tides. This killed one person in southern Texas. Floyd was a hurricane for only twelve hours. After this, because of the cold front, it became weak. It passed through the Bahamas before becoming extratropical. It dissipated on 14 October.

paragraphs: Hurricane Floyd originated from a low pressure area in the Gulf of Honduras on October 5. It drifted eastward in the next few days. Then, it moved southward. It moved to a place off the east coast of Nicaragua. On October 9, a Hurricane Hunters flight confirmed that an organized circulation was formed. This showed that the year's thirteenth tropical depression had developed. It drifted more to the south. Then the depression turned to the north and later northwest. This was because a ridge was formed to its east. With an anticyclone over it, the depression gradually organized. It then became stronger and was named Tropical Storm Floyd on October 10.

paragraphs: After it became a tropical storm, Floyd accelerated to the north in the western Caribbean Sea. This was because a cold front was approaching. It steadily became more intense. The storm moved over extreme western Cuba early on October 12. Initially it was forecast to make landfall in the United States between Naples and Fort Myers, Florida. Suddenly, the storm moved sharply northeastward. It went into the southeastern Gulf of Mexico. The Hurricane Hunters gave reports which said Floyd got the status of a hurricane on October 12 for a short time. Around the same time, the nearby cold front created a low pressure area. This cut off the hurricane's inflow. While moving through the Florida Keys, Floyd became the only hurricane to affect the United States that year. However, its convection was decreasing very fast over the center due to the front. Soon after this, Floyd weakened to tropical storm status. The circulation became nearly impossible to track on satellite imagery. But surface observations showed it passed just south of Miami. The storm turned extratropical. It went to a process called extratropical transition, meaning it was changed from tropical storm to an extratropical one. This happened as it weakened over the Bahamas. Floyd was no longer a tropical cyclone by late on October 18. The circulation dissipated within the cold front early the next day.

paragraphs: Around when Floyd first became a tropical storm, a tropical storm warning was issued for the Swan Islands and Grand Cayman. Soon after this, a tropical storm warning and hurricane watch was issued for the northeast Yucatán Peninsula. The storm caused heavy rainfall along the coast after this warning was issued. A tropical storm warning and hurricane watch were also issued for Cuba west of Havana. To prepare themselves for the storm, Cuban officials in Pinar del Río Province evacuated 100,000 people, as well as 40,000 head of cattle. International flights were also canceled for a day when Floyd was passing. Floyd passed over Western Cuba as a tropical storm. But it left no serious damage or killed anyone in the country.

paragraphs: When Floyd was a tropical storm located over Cuba, the National Hurricane Center issued a hurricane warning for the Florida Keys. The southwest Florida coast to Venice also got a warning. It was the first warning in the state related to the storm. It was issued as the National Hurricane Center anticipated Floyd to become more intense into a hurricane. It was also issued because there was not much time left for this. A tropical storm watch, and then a warning, was issued for eastern Florida too. But the track became more easterly after this. So, a hurricane warning was issued for southeastern Florida. It was also issued for the northwestern Bahamas. Officials in southern Florida closed schools due to the storm. A few flights were canceled at Miami International Airport. About 100 F-4 and F16 fighter jets were transported out of Homestead Air Force Base to safer places. The American Red Cross opened 55 shelters in 10 Florida counties. They had 2,000 people at some point. This was mainly in Lee County. People in the hurricane's path prepared by buying supplies from supermarkets, keeping the gas in their vehicles full and keeping loose outside items safe.

paragraphs: Floyd was the first named storm to strike southern Florida in two years. The last one was Hurricane Bob in 1985. While passing south of Florida, Floyd produced its strongest winds over water away and from land. The strongest wind in the Florida Keys was 59 mph (94 km/h) at Duck Key. But wind gusts were stronger. The Air Force station on Cudjoe Key reported an unofficial gust of 92 mph (152 km/h). Rainfall directly from Floyd's rainbands was very low, about . But, the interaction between the hurricane and the approaching cold front caused much heavier rainfall. It reached as far north as Daytona. The highest rainfall was in Fort Pierce. Floyd created a waterspout that moved ashore in Rock Harbor. It damaged a few boats and homes. The hurricane produced rip tides. They went far west as the Texas coast. It killed one person along South Padre Island.

paragraphs: Across southern Florida, the hurricane left minor damage of around $500,000 (1987 USD). This was largely due to falling of trees and damaging of power lines. There was also minor crop damage in Dade County. The rainfall flooded roads in southern Florida. This caused several vehicles to fail on the Florida Turnpike. After affecting Florida, Floyd caused minor wind damage in the Bahamas. In the country, the highest reported gust was . This was at Freeport, Grand Bahama. Freeport International Airport reported sustained winds of from the remnants of Floyd.


title: Cleveland Brown

paragraphs: Cleveland Brown is a main character for the spin-off show for "Family Guy" called "The Cleveland Show". He was the only known African American friend that Peter Griffin had known. He was married to Lorretta Brown until they divorced after she cheated on him with his friend Glenn Quagmire. Cleveland later remarried with Donna Tubbs. He had one son with Lorretta and three step-children with Donna. He moved to Virginia. He is 46 years old.


title: Caramel

paragraphs: ) is a beige to dark-brown sweet food. It is made by heating sugars. It is used to add flavour to puddings and desserts. It can also be as a filling, like is done in bonbons, and as a topping for ice cream, custard and coffee.

paragraphs: Simple sugar (Sucrose) starts to melt at about , without changing its color. The process called caramelisation starts when sugar is heated to at least , and more often to around . As the sugar heats, the molecules break down and turn into compounds with the colour and flavour of caramel.

paragraphs: Many candies and desserts are made with caramel. Some of these are caramel apples, pralines, nougats, brittles, "crème caramel", and "crème brûlée".

paragraphs: Caramel candy is a soft, dense, chewy candy. It is made by boiling a mixture of milk or cream, sugar(s), butter, and vanilla flavouring. The sugar(s) are heated separately to reach . This turns them to caramel before the other ingredients are added. Another way of doing this is to cook all ingredients together. This way, the milk turns to caramel but the sugars do not. This type of candy is often called "milk caramel" or "cream caramel".

paragraphs: Caramel coloring is a dark bitter-tasting liquid. It is what is made after near-total caramelisation. It is then bottled to be used for other things. It is used as food coloring and in beverages like cola.

paragraphs: Caramel sauce is made from heating water and caster sugar at a low to medium temperature. This is done until the sugar dissolves and "caramelises". This changes its colour to golden brown.


title: East Side Mario's

paragraphs: East Side Mario's is a Canadian casual dining restaurant by Prime Restaurants. It has restaurants in Canada and the United States. The restaurant is known for Italian-American cuisine.

paragraphs: It has over 100 locations in Canada as well as some in the United States.

paragraphs: It is a sponsor of the Canadian Breast Cancer Foundation.


title: Cartoon Network

paragraphs: Cartoon Network is an American television channel. It broadcasts television programs that are suitable for young children. Most of the shows are animated cartoon series, but some live-action shows are also broadcast. However, at night Cartoon Network switches to Adult Swim which broadcasts programs for teens and adults instead.

paragraphs: Cartoon Network first launched in October 1, 1992 through cable and satellite television in the United States by Turner Broadcasting System (or TBS for short). In the early years, many of the shows featured on the channel were classic cartoons and Hanna-Barbera shows. TBS later launched Cartoon Network Studios to make flagship original shows specifically for Cartoon Network.

paragraphs: After successfully launching the channel in the United States, TBS decided to launch the channel in other countries. The Cartoon Network channels in other countries distributes Cartoon Network's original shows in different languages.


title: Criminal Minds

paragraphs: Criminal Minds is an American police procedural television series. It was first broadcast on September 22, 2005, on CBS.

paragraphs: On March 14, 2012, CBS renewed Criminal Minds for an eighth season, which premiered on September 26, 2012.


title: Lake Wobegon

paragraphs: Lake Wobegon is a fictional town in the U.S. state of Minnesota. It is the setting of Garrison Keillor's "News from Lake Wobegon" which is part of his weekly radio variety show, "A Prairie Home Companion". Keillor tells stories of life in a small Minnesota town every week. The weekly segment is broadcast on National Public Radio and available as a podcast via iTunes.

paragraphs: In Keillor's weekly stories about Lake Wobegon, he describes the town:


title: La Fille mal gardée

paragraphs: La Fille Mal Gardée is a comedy ballet in three scenes. Its title means "The Unchaperoned Daughter". The music is by Ferdinand Hérold. The choreography is by Dauberval. It was first performed in Bordeaux, France in 1789. It was then presented at the Grand Theatre in Paris on July 1, 1789. It is the oldest ballet still performed by major ballet companies.


title: Treaty of Portsmouth

paragraphs: The Treaty of Portsmouth formally ended the 1904–1905 Russo-Japanese War. It was signed on 5 September 1905 after negotiations at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard in Kittery, Maine in the United States. It was named after nearby Portsmouth, New Hampshire. US President Theodore Roosevelt got the Nobel Peace Prize for helping the negotiations.


title: August Bournonville

paragraphs: August Bournonville (21 August 1805 – 30 November 1879) was a Danish ballet master and choreographer. He studied in Paris as a young man. He became a solo dancer with the Royal Danish Ballet in Copenhagen. He became the company's choreographer from 1830 to 1877. He created more than 50 ballets. Only a limited number survive. It was only after World War II that his ballets became known outside Denmark.

paragraphs: His work is a link with earlier ballet traditions. He avoided the excesses of romantic ballet. He gave equal emphasis to both the male and female dancer. The extremes of human nature were tempered in his work and a more balanced picture of human nature emerged. His ballets include "Napoli" and "The Conservatory".