title: Memory of the World Programme

paragraphs: The Memory of the World Programme is a part of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). It is part of a strategy for preserving history. The programme focuses on archives and libraries.

paragraphs: The UNESCO programme began in 1992. It promote the importance of historical documents.

paragraphs: The program is administered by a body known as the International Advisory Committee (IAC). There are 14 members. Each is appointed by the UNESCO Director-General.

paragraphs: Select additions to the World Register are chosen at biannual meetings of the IAC.

paragraphs: The Jikji Prize was established with the South Korean government. The $30,000 prize and all costs associated with the prize are funded by South Korea.


title: Nelson Aldrich

paragraphs: Nelson Aldrich (1841-1915) was a liberal Republican United States Senator from Rhode Island. He was the leader of his party in the Senate during the presidency of Theodore Roosevelt. He was the maternal grandfather of Nelson Rockefeller. He was a freemason. He sponsored the Payne-Aldrich Tariff Bill.


title: Regent Street

paragraphs: Regent Street is a large shopping street in London<nowiki>'s</nowiki> west end. It is well known to people who live in London as well as tourists. It is also famous for its Christmas decorations.

paragraphs: Regent Street is named after Prince Regent (who became George IV).

paragraphs: Regent Street was designed by architect John Nash. The street layout he made is still there, but the only building left in Regent Street that was there when it was first designed and built is All Souls Church.

paragraphs: Every single building in Regent Street is protected as a Listed Building. Together, they make up the Regent Street Conservation Area.

paragraphs: The street can be bought in the United Kingdom version of the board game "Monopoly".


title: Giorgio Orsini

paragraphs: Giorgio Orsini (referred often as Giorgio da Sebenico, Giorgio di Matteo, born 1410, died 1475) was an Italian medieval sculptor and architect from Dalmatia. Orsini lived and worked mainly in the city of Sebenico (modern-day Šibenik, Croatia), Republic of Venice.

paragraphs: Giorgio Orsini descends from ancient and noble House of Orsini. Hard times had been fallen upon the House branch Giorgio belonged to. Mateo, Giorgio's father, as much as Giorgio himself, has forced to support himself and his family by manual labor. As the architect and sculptor, he was educated in the art workshop of sculptors Giovanni and Bartolomeo Buon in Venice. While in Venice, Giorgio married Elizabetta da Monte, who brought him a fair dowry, money and homes in Venice. He invested Elizabetta's money in a grocery store and in a merchant ship which brought them good returns. Elizabetta's husband entrusted her of a power of attorney by which she was able to attend to his affairs while he was absent. In July 1455 Giorgio bought home from a local nobleman Simeonich, where he engraved his family's heraldic symbol - a bear. When signing contracts, Giorgio often used his art name Georgius Dalmaticus, Sixty five years after his death, his grandson, Giacomo, an advocate by vocation, was recognized as a descendant of the noble House of Orsini. Giorgio's and Elizabetta's daughter Flavia married another Dalmatian painter, Giorgio Culinovich (Schiavone) in the year of 1463. Other source claims that the Orsinis' daughter's name was Elena (who married Schiavone).

paragraphs: In Venice, in 1441, Giorgio was invited to Sebenico to replace Messer Antonio di Pietro Paolo who had fallen into disrepute with the building committee of the cathedral of Sebenico. Antonio commenced the Cathedral building in 1431. Giorgio abandoned the Gothic style based ideas of his predecessor and followed revolutionary ideas of Italian Renaissance architecture, The whole cathedral building is roofed with wagon vaults, made of huge slabs of marble supported on strong transverse ribs, the same stone covering forming the ceiling inside and the roof outside. He was the chief cathedral architect from 1441 to 1473. From July 1, 1477 the work was continued by another architect, Niccolò di Giovanni da Firenze. In 1444 Giorgio went to Spalato to build the chapel of S. Ranier in the church of S. Benedetto. The work was finished in two years. He came back to Spalato in 1448 to make the chapel of S. Anastasius in the cathedral.

paragraphs: Orsini did not follow always the Renaissance. There are also several fine late Ancona Gothic buildings, among them the facade of S. Francesco and S. Agostino churches, the build of Palazzo Benincasa, all done by Giorgio Orsini. Work on S. Agostino facade was finished in 1455. On the S. Agostino facade, Orsini worked between 1455 and 1459. On the Loggia dei Mercanti, which was built by Giovanni Pace in 1443, the facade, with statues representing the virtues, is the work of Giorgio Orsini (1451-9) In 1460, Giorgio returned to Sebenico. In 1464 and 1465 he was at Ragusa, where he helped in building the Torre Menze, and in restoring the palace of the Rectors. The Palace of Rectors was badly damaged by the 1462 earthquake. Orsini replaced the tree central capitals, who were damaged beyond repair, of that building. The next year he was at Pago (today Pag, Croatia), improving and enlarging the courtyard of the bishop's palace. The design and work on facade of the cathedral at Ossero belongs to him, too. In the next year he undertook work on the facade of the Cappella Grande of the parish church at Pago. In 1470 he went to Rome, where his compatriot Giovanni Dalmato, the sculptor, of Trau (today Trogir, Croatia), was at work on the monument of Paul II. In 1472 he commenced the facade of S. Maria, Cittanova, in the Marche.

paragraphs: He had many pupils, some of whom continued to work on the cathedral at Sebenico after his death in 1475.

paragraphs: In Croatia, Giorgio Orsini is celebrated as a Croatian sculptor and architect, known under the Croatian name "Juraj Dalmatinac". This name is translation of his art name "Georgius Dalmaticus". The translation is coming from the second half of 19th century. Another version of the Orsini's croatised name is "Juraj Matejević". This name comes as translation of the "Georgvs Mathei" (Georg, Mathew's son) text engraved in the marble of St. Jacob cathedral church in Sebenico. Croatian author Fisković claims that "Orsini", as his family name, was never used by the artist and it was adopted by his son, after the death of his father. His claim is not supported by any documents or records dated back to the times Orsini lived and worked. Fisković's claim is defeated by the home sale contract where Giorgio Orsini was named as the home buyer. Two Italian authors recorded the use of Giorgio's family name by his son Mateo and grandson Giovanni and refuted Fiskovic

paragraphs: Croats erected a monument celebrating Orsini in the front of St. Jacob cathedral church in Šibenik, Croatia. This monument, an over-sized standing statue of Orsini, is a work of Yugoslav sculptor Ivan Meštrović. Two elementary schools in Croatia bear that name: one in Pag, and one in Šibenik.


title: Gabbro

paragraphs: Gabbro is a large group of dark, coarse-grained, igneous rocks. They are chemically equivalent to basalt. The rocks are plutonic, formed when molten magma is trapped under the Earth's surface and cools into a crystalline mass.

paragraphs: Most of the Earth's surface has gabbro in the oceanic crust, produced by basalt magmatism at mid-ocean ridges. In general, when the gabbro is formed, it lies above the Earth's mantle, and below the basalt.

paragraphs: Gabbro is generally coarse grained, with crystals in the size range of 1 mm or greater. It is an essential part of the oceanic crust. Long belts of gabbro intrusions are typically formed at proto-rift zones and around ancient rift zone margins.


title: Highway to Hell

paragraphs: Highway to Hell is a popular song by the rock group, AC/DC. It was released as the first single from the band's album "Highway to Hell". It is the first song on the album.


title: Paroxetine

paragraphs: Paroxetine also known as Paxil is a medicine for depression. It has many side effects including possible insomnia and tremors.


title: Brad Ralph

paragraphs: Brad Ralph was a hockey player who was drafted by the Phoenix Coyotes in 1999 and played with them from 2000 to 2001. He also played for Alleghe HC in Italy's league. He was born in Richmond, Ontario in Canada on October 17, 1980.


title: Black Veil Brides

paragraphs: Black Veil Brides is an rock band that formed in Cincinnati, Ohio in 2006. They won a "Billboard" award in 2010 for their album, "We Stitch These Wounds". They made number #1 on the top independent artists in 2010. The lead singer, Andy Biersack, created the band.


title: Ebola Syndrome

paragraphs: Ebola Syndrome is a Chinese horror movie that came out in 1996. This movie is for mature audiences as it has rape scenes in it and graphic violence. It is directed by Herman Yau and is 98 minutes long.


title: Herbie: Fully Loaded

paragraphs: Herbie: Fully Loaded is a car racing family movie starring Lindsay Lohan, and Michael Keaton. It is rated G and lasts 100 minutes. It was directed by Angela Robinson. It came out on June 22, 2005. It is a Walt Disney movie.


title: Modern Family

paragraphs: Modern Family is an American sitcom on ABC. Ed O'Neill, Sofía Vergara, Jesse Tyler Ferguson, Eric Stonestreet, Julie Bowen, Ty Burrell, Sarah Hyland, Nolan Gould, Ariel Winter, Rico Rodriguez and Aubrey Anderson-Emmons are some of the actors on the show. It was nominated for 4 Golden Globe Awards. There are three different nuclear families, who are all part of one well-off, middle-class extended family. They all live in suburban Los Angeles. Jay is the father of Claire and Mitchell and his second wife Gloria has a son from her first marriage called Manny, and a son with Jay called Joe. Claire and her husband Phil have three children, Haley, Alex and Luke. Mitchell and his husband Cameron have a daughter called Lily, whom they adopted from Vietnam.


title: 2011–12 PFC CSKA Moscow season

paragraphs: The 2011–12 PFC CSKA Moscow season was the 20th season the club, PFC CSKA Moscow, played in the Russian Premier League.


Keisuke Honda


title: FC HOCO Südburgenland

paragraphs: The FC HOCO Südburgenland is a women's soccer team from the Austrian province Burgenland. The club was founded in 2002 and plays in the ÖFB-Frauenliga, the top division in Austria.

paragraphs: The club was founded in 2002 when the women team of SC Pinkafeld formed a independent football club. In their first year the won the 2nd division and were promoted to the ÖFB-Frauenliga, the top league in Austria. In their first year they reached the 4th place. The next years they were in the lower regions of the table. In 2009 they won 1-0 versus SV Neulengbach. Since the 2004/05 season the club has a second team which is currently playing in the 2.Frauen Liga Ost.

paragraphs: In 2004 the team reached the cup final. They lost 0:12 versus SV Neulengbach. 2009 and 2011 the club reached the semifinals but were twice beaten by Neulengbach.

paragraphs:
Goalkeeper: Júlia Bezsenyi
Defence: Nicole Fleck, Teresa Kneisz, Monika Katonová, Katharina Lang, Kerstin Weber;
Midfielders: Susanna Koch, Jennifer Pöltl, Lisa Strobl, Jennifer Köppel, Katharina Mayer, Heike Manhart, Christina Peintinger, Carmen Marth, Marlene Gartner;
Strikers: Monika Geržová, Veronika Tájmel, Edith Wurm, Anna Eberhardt.

paragraphs: Goalkeeper: Júlia Bezsenyi, Isabell Graf;<br>

paragraphs: Defenders: Monika Katonová, Christina Peinthor, Michelle Fasching, Barbara Weber, Sejla Beganovic, Jasmin Pelzmann; <br>

paragraphs: Mittelfeld: Jennifer Köppel, Lisa Strobl, Katharina Mayer, Anja Gerger, Alexandra Schmidt, Carmen Marth, Dominique Hartl, Kerstin Weber;<br>

paragraphs: Strikers: Edith Wurm, Janine Hofer, Anna Eberhardt, Carmen Marth, Lisa Grabenhofer, Isabell Gold, Azra Kujaj, Monika Geržová.

paragraphs: "Susanna Koch, Heike Manhart" and "Jennifer Pöltl" are playing for the National football team. "Jennifer Pöltl" and "Christina Peintinger" are members of the U19-national team.

paragraphs: Susanna Koch is the youngest coach with a A-license.


title: The Crystals

paragraphs: The Crystals are a New York City based musical group. They were one of the defining acts during the girl group era of the 1960s.

paragraphs: They formed in 1961 with five girls: Barbara Alston, Mary Thomas, Dolores "Dee Dee" Kenniebrew, Myrna Giraud and Patricia "Patsy" Wright. The group were later joined by Darlene Love for a short time. Dee Dee Kenniebrew still performs in the group, now a trio.

paragraphs: Their 1961–1964 chart hits, included "There's No Other (Like My Baby)", "Uptown", "He's Sure the Boy I Love", "He's a Rebel", "Da Doo Ron Ron (When He Walked Me Home)" and "Then He Kissed Me". Phil Spector was their producer from 1962.

paragraphs: One of their numbers in 1962, by Carole King and Gerry Goffin, was "He Hit Me (and It Felt Like a Kiss)". It was based on their babysitter's account. It was withdrawn after complaints to radio stations over the lyrics.

paragraphs: The recordings had three successive female lead singers, and were all produced by Phil Spector. The latter three songs were originally ranked #267, #114, and #493 on "Rolling Stone" magazine's list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. However, two songs were dropped from the magazine's 2010 update.


title: Candace Cameron Bure

paragraphs: Candace Cameron Bure (born April 6, 1976) is an American actress and author. She is best known for playing DJ Tanner in the sitcom "Full House". She played the part from 1987 and until 1995. She has also been in many television movies over the years. She is the sister of Kirk Cameron. Bure was born near Panorama City, California. She married ice hockey player Valeri Bure in 1996. They have 3 children.


title: Bonzi Wells

paragraphs: Gawen DeAngelo "Bonzi" Wells (born September 28, 1976) is an American basketball player. He played in the NBA for the Portland Trail Blazers, Memphis Grizzlies, Sacramento Kings, Houston Rockets, and New Orleans Hornets. He went to college at Ball State University. In 1997 and 1998 he was named NCAA AP All-American. Wells has most recently played basketball in Puerto Rico.


title: Facies

paragraphs: Facies is a term in geology. It means the look of a rock. If one looks up at a cliff of rock, the appearances changes from one layer to another. This because the ecological conditions changed as the rock was laid down. So, the facies reflect the process of sedimentation.

paragraphs: Regular changes in the facies usually means regular changes in the ancient climate. As the climate chaged, so the sea level rose and fell. What was deep water became shallow water, and so on. In the Milankovich cycle, the climate changes regularly. As it does so, deeper water carbonates may alternate with shallow-water shales and silts. These "facies" are seen in the column of rocks.


title: Amanda Blank

paragraphs: Amanda Blank (born Amanda Mallory in October 5, 1982) is an American singer. She was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She is the lead singer of the band "Sweatheart".


title: Defense of the Ancients

paragraphs: Defense of the Ancients (often called DotA) is an unofficial map of the game and the expansion pack . It is not officially supported by Blizzard Entertainment. This is a team strategy game that is intended mainly for teams of three against three or five against five. More rarely, it is played by teams of two or one on one.

paragraphs: Since its original release, "DotA" has become a feature at several worldwide tournaments, including Blizzard Entertainment's BlizzCon and the Asian World Cyber Games, as well as the Cyberathlete Amateur and CyberEvolution leagues; Gamasutra declared that "DotA" was perhaps the most popular "free, non-supported game mod in the world". Valve Corporation developed the sequel, "Dota 2".

paragraphs: The main task of the players is to enter the enemy team's base, and destroy the main building called "Ancient". Every 30 seconds the main buildings spawn minions that automatically go and attack all enemy units in their way. With their help you can push the enemy base and kill enemy heroes faster. Towers and other structures protect this building. Players must destroy these first because until then, the main building is unable to be destroyed. The team who destroys the opposing team's building automatically wins. The player controls a hero with whom they advance to the opponent's base. Your hero becomes more powerful with time, you must gather experience and gold because then you are abbe to buy powerful items. The forces of both sides are the same, except for differences in the ability of players. You can choose from over hundred different characters with different abilities. Heroes are divided to a several classes

paragraphs: The map is balanced and axially symmetrical.


title: Greg Halman

paragraphs: Gregory Anthony Halman (August 26, 1987 – November 21, 2011) was a Dutch professional baseball outfielder. He played with the Seattle Mariners of Major League Baseball during the 2010 and 2011 seasons. He also played internationally with the Dutch national team, playing in the 2009 World Baseball Classic.

paragraphs: Halman was killed in a stabbing on November 21, 2011 in Rotterdam. His brother Jason Halman was held by police after the incident.


title: Náchod

paragraphs: Náchod is a town with about 20 thousand people. It is in the northeastern part of the Hradec Králové Region in Czech Republic. It is situated on the river Metuje. The whole region is full of natural beauty, historical monuments and cultural places.

paragraphs: Náchod was founded in the middle of 13th century by a knight Hron. He built a castle there because it was a good strategic place because of local trade road to Poland. The first written note goes back to 1254.

paragraphs: The most famous sight in Náchod is its castle. It was built in the 13th century and during centuries was rebuilt several times in final Renaissance style. Around the castle are the Piccolomini garden, the English park and bears called Ludvík and Dáša who live in a castle's moat. The castle has been an important cultural centre since the end of the 18th century.

paragraphs: Náchod is the birthplace of many well-known people. There were born for example an architect Jan Letzel, an actress Libuše Skořepová called Luba Skořepová, a writer, translator and publisher Josef Škvorecký, a writer Václav Erben who become famous for his detective stories with captain Exner, a diver Martin Štěpánek and a moderator Richard Samko.

paragraphs: In addition to the castle, there are other interesting places to visit.

paragraphs: About 4 kilometres away is the stronghold Dobrošov which was one of the most important defences of Czechoslovakian fortification.

paragraphs: In past, there was a lot of cotton industry. Nowadays there are only a few factories - the rubber factory Rubena and factories producing electric motors Ametek and Atas.

paragraphs: Náchod town has a brewery which makes Primátor brand. The brewery was built in 1872. It got several prizes in last 10 years. However, the brewery was sold on 23 February 2009.


title: Michael Bublé

paragraphs: Michael Steven Bublé (born September 9, 1975) is a Canadian-Italian singer, songwriter and actor. He has won four Grammy Awards and multiple Juno Awards. His first album reached the top ten in the United Kingdom and in Canada. His 2005 album, "It's Time", and his 2007 album, "Call Me Irresponsible", were very successful around the world, reaching number one on the Canadian album chart, the U.S. "Billboard" 200 chart, the Australian ARIA Albums Chart, and the European charts. Bublé has sold thirty million albums worldwide.

paragraphs: Bublé was born in Burnaby, British Columbia in September 1975. His father is Lewis Bublé, a salmon fisherman. His mother is Amber ("née" Santagà).

paragraphs: From his earliest years, Bublé wanted to be a singer. He took an interest in jazz about the age of five.

paragraphs: As a boy, he had a great interest in hockey. He shared his interest with his father and grandfather. He played hockey but realized he was not good enough to be a professional player.

paragraphs: At the age of 14, he began working with his father on a fishing boat. Sometimes they would be away from home two or three months at a time. Bublé credits the hard work on the boat with making him a man.

paragraphs: At age 16, Bublé began singing in nightclubs. He credits his Italian maternal grandfather with these opportunities. His grandfather traded his ability as a plumber for the chance to have his grandson appear on stage.

paragraphs: Bublé became an Italian citizen in 2005. He has been married to Argentine actress Luisana Lopilato since 2011. They have three children (two sons and a daughter).

paragraphs: In 2016, his eldest son, Noah, was diagnosed with cancer but was in remission two years later.


title: Ōita Prefecture

paragraphs: In the 6th century, one of the regions of Kyushu was divided into Bungo Province and Buzen Province.

paragraphs: After the Meiji Restoration, districts from Bungo and Buzen provinces were combined to form Ōita Prefecture.

paragraphs: Ōita Prefecture is on the north-eastern section of the island of Kyūshū.

paragraphs: Ōita is faces the Suo Channel and Honshū Island to the north. The prefecture looks towards the Iyo Channel and Shikoku Island to the east. It is bordered by Miyazaki Prefecture to the south. Fukuoka Prefecture and Kumamoto Prefecture are to the west.

paragraphs: National Parks are established in about 28% of the total land area of the prefecture.

paragraphs: "Sasamuta-jinja", "Usa-jinjū" and "Yusuhara Hachiman-gū" are the chief Shinto shrines ("ichinomiya") in the prefecture.

paragraphs: Fukiji Temple has the oldest wooden structure in Kyushu.

paragraphs: The Usuki Buddhas include 60+ cliff carvings from Heian period.


title: Ahmed Rushdi

paragraphs: Ahmed Rushdi, (; April 24, 1934 – April 11, 1983) was a legendary Pakistani playback singer. He was "an important contributor to the "Golden age" of Pakistani movie music." Rushdi is acclaimed as one of the greatest singers ever lived in south Asia. He is considered to be one of the most famous and versatile singers of the subcontinent. He is also considered to be the first regular pop singer of south Asia. and credited as having sung the "first-ever South asian" pop song. In 1954, he recorded the official National anthem of Pakistan with several other singers. Rushdi has recorded the highest number of movie songs in the history of "Pakistani cinema" in many languages. He suffered from poor health during the latter part of his life and died of a heart attack at the age of 48, after recording approximately five thousand movie songs for 583 released movies. Besides popular music, Rushdi also helped popularize the ghazals of Naseer Turabi. In 2003, 20 years after his death, Pakistani president Pervez Musharraf awarded him the "Sitara-e-Imtiaz".

paragraphs: Many of his contemporaries compared his music with that of classically trained singers, although Rushdi never had any influences from any classical singer. He is famously known as "Magician of voice" and his popularity also turned traditional classical singers against him but did not affect his fame and his death is termed as irreparable loss to the industry. Actor "Waheed Murad" declared Rushdi's song, "Bhooli hui hoon daastan", his favorite song. Music directors like M.Ashraf and Nisar Bazmi also hold centaury partnerships with Ahmed Rushdi and they have composed hundreds of songs for him. According to complete songography, M.Ashraf composed 734 songs in 211 movies for Rushdi but available figures indicate a composition of 132 songs in 100 movies for him. The first movie of this pair was "Speran" in 1961 and the last was "Hero" in 1983. Ahmed Rushdi influenced many singers in music industry.

paragraphs: Since 1976, Ahmed Rushdi was a heart patient and his doctors advised him to abstain from singing but Rushdi refused by saying that music was his life. When he had a second heart attack in 1981, he was composing a musical album in the voice of singer "Mujeeb Aalam". On the night of April 11, 1983, he had a third heart attack. He was immediately taken to the hospital but pronounced dead by the doctors. He was 48. Rushdi was buried at Sakhi Hassan Graveyard, Karachi. His last non movie song was "Aaney walo suno" which was a duet with "Mehnaz".


title: Floorball

paragraphs: Floorball is an indoor team sport similar to hockey. Floorball is usually played in gyms with little plastic balls and special hockey sticks. In floorball, there are basically five players with sticks and a goalkeeper without any special equipment. The goalkeeper has only special jersey and helmet. Floorball is very popular today.

paragraphs: Floorball was invented in the USA, but has been most popular in Sweden since the 1970s. Its popularity quickly spread to Finland and Switzerland, but with different rules. For example, in Switzerland a goalkeeper was allowed to use a stick. In 1986, the International Floorball Federation (IFF) was founded and rules became the same.

paragraphs: Floorball is played in a gym on an area of 40x20 meters bordered by boards 50 centimetres high. The formations are very similar to ice hockey. Both teams play with 3 attackers, 2 defenders and a goalkeeper. They can relieve whenever they want. Floorball is usually played 3x20 minutes with 15 minutes breaks. This is only for men and women. In juniors matches the time is different. Floorball is a contact sport so players can play with their body, but it has limits. The goalkeeper is not allowed to use a stick, but he can handle the ball with his body. The field players cannot hit the ball with their hands or head and they cannot jump. The goalkeeper can hit the ball with every part of his body and he can hold it for 3 seconds. In floorball, a player can be excluded for 2 minutes when he breaks the rules.

paragraphs: The currently strongest leagues are located in Sweden, Finland, Norway, Switzerland and the Czech Republic.

paragraphs: IFF organises world championships in floorball. Every year they are in a different country and it's also alternating between the mens and the womens tournament.


title: Prime Minister of Azerbaijan

paragraphs: The Prime Minister of Azerbaijan is the head of government of Azerbaijan. The President of Azerbaijan chooses the Prime Minister. The office of President has more powers than the office of Prime Minister. The current prime minister is Artur Rasizade.


title: Hallie Kate Eisenberg

paragraphs: Hallie Kate Eisenberg, born August 2, 1992, is an American actor. She began her acting career in Pepsi commercials beginning in late 1990s. Eisenberg acted in many movies, television programs and commercials starting from the mid 1990s.


title: Gaslighting

paragraphs: Gaslighting is a type of psychological abuse where somebody uses lies or tricks to make another person doubt their memory and mental health. Gaslighting can be anything from an abusive person insisting that the abuse never happened, to setting up strange incidents to confuse the victim.

paragraphs: The word "gaslighting" comes from the play by Patrick Hamilton, "Gas Light" (1938), and its movie adaptations. In those works a character uses many tricks, including turning the gas lamps lower than normal, to convince his spouse that she is crazy. Since then, the phrase has become a common expression which has also been used in clinical and research literature.


title: Chatham, Kent

paragraphs: Chatham is a large town in Medway, North Kent. About 70,000 people live there. The town is important because of its harbour. Even though the harbour is no longer used, it is still important for tourism. The first mention of the town was in the year 1086. In the year 1667, the docks were attacked by the Dutch. Charles Dickens lived in Chatham from 1817 to 1821.

paragraphs: In the Chatham town centre is The Pentagon Shopping Centre as well as the Chatham Waterfront bus station and close by is Chatham railway station.


title: Graphics tablet

paragraphs: A graphics tablet is an input device for computers. Users can use them to hand-draw images, graphics or handwriting as if they were drawing on a piece of paper. They use a pointing device, most often a stylus.

paragraphs: Graphics tablets are one way of "digitizing" a physical piece of artwork. Instead of using hardware like scanners, one can simply trace an image from a piece of paper and it will be recreated on the screen.

paragraphs: Another thing that graphics tablets can do is handwriting recognition, which is popular in East Asia as a quick way to enter Chinese characters into an application.

paragraphs: Surface: A tablet has a flat surface on which the user can draw. This surface can be of different sizes or shapes, most often a square. Images drawn on a "graphics tablet" are most often not shown on the surface itself but can only be seen on a screen. However, there are special "graphics tablets" which allow the user to see their input right on the drawing surface. These hybrids are combination of a graphics tablet and a screen. Graphics tablets often have features like "pressure sensitivity" or "stylus hovering" that most touchscreens lack"."

paragraphs: Stylus: A stylus is a pen-like device that is used to give the tablet its input. It is also used to detect different amounts of pressure, often for use in a drawing program to change line thickness or color density.

paragraphs: Puck: After stylus, pucks are the most commonly used tablet accessory. A puck is a mouse-like device that can detect its absolute position and rotation. Professional pucks often have a loupe for greater precision.

paragraphs: Passive tablets use electromagnetic induction technology. The tablet generates an electromagnetic signal, which is received by a circuit in the stylus. The wires in the tablet then change to a receiving mode and read the signal generated by the stylus to read its position. The stylus does not require a battery for this.

paragraphs: Active tablets use self-powered electronics that generate and send a signal to the tablet. These graphics tablets may listen for pen signals constantly, reducing inaccuracies in the reading of user input. This type of stylus often requires a battery, making it larger and heavier.

paragraphs: Optical tablets operate by a very small digital camera in the stylus.

paragraphs: Acoustic tablets are early models of "graphics tablets". A small sound generator is mounted in the stylus and the sound is picked up by two microphones placed near the surface.

paragraphs: Capacitive tablets work by detecting "electrostatic" or "capacitive" signals by a stylus or human. Capacitive touchscreens are most often used in smartphones and tablet computers, making them the most well known type of input device next to a computer mouse. However, these are rarely used in graphics tablets as the lack of precision and many other features make them less useful.

paragraphs: Because a stylus can be used to measure pressure, tilting and other factors, it is useful for use in digital art (especially two dimensional). These factors can be used to change brush size, opacity, shape, color and more in certain graphic programs depending on the input. Graphics tablets are often used for technical drawing and computer-aided design as well as for digital drawing, graphic design, sketches and much more.

paragraphs: They are also used for online teaching, e.g. live tutorials or lessons where visual information is needed. Some users prefer tablet computers for some purposes, though those devices often lack sensors for pressure and tilt.

paragraphs: When it comes to buying a drawing tablet, you have two options either you can buy a drawing tablet with screen or one without screen. Drawing tablets with screen are way costlier than screenless tablets.


title: Patrick Murphy (giant)

paragraphs: Patrick Murphy (1834–1862) was an Irish giant, born in County Down from parents James Murphy and mother Peggy (née Cunningham), who put himself in a show as a way of making money. He originally worked on the docks in Liverpool, England and, after that, became a waiter at a hotel. Because he was so tall, Murphy attracted crowds everywhere he went. He eventually decided that he could make a living being tall. He always spoke of himself as being 8'10" and in some circles as much as 9'3". In about 1860, he was measured by a Dr. Virchow as being 7'3.4" (222 cm) tall.

paragraphs: In May 1857 the Emperor and Empress of Austria invited the tall Irishman to visit their kingdom. While he was on tour throughout Europe, he died of smallpox in Marseille at the age of twenty-eight.


title: Gigantism

paragraphs: Gigantism, also known as giantism, is a condition when growth and height are much above average. Overactivity of growth hormone during childhood causes this condition in humans.


title: Patrick Murphy (pilot)

paragraphs: Patrick Murphy was an Irish pilot who mistakenly bombed the border town of Naco, Arizona. Not much is known about his personal life.

paragraphs: Murphy owned a plane around the time of the Cristero War in Mexico against the anti-Catholic government of Emilio Portes Gil. Murphy decided to help the rebels by using his plane to bomb the government-controlled town of Naco, Sonora. He tried many times between March 31 and April 6 to bomb Naco but also accidentally, bombed the Arizona border town with the same name. He destroyed some buildings and a car. United States soldiers eventually came to his house and took away his plane. Murphy escaped to rebel territory in Mexico but returned to the United States and was jailed for a little while.

paragraphs: Murphy became the first person working for another country to ever bomb the mainland United States. Singer Dolan Ellis honored Murphy in one of his songs on his "Tall Tales, Lost Trails & Heroes" album.


title: Imperia Tower

paragraphs: The Imperia Tower is a building in Moscow, Russia. The building is part of the Moscow International Business Center. The building has a hotel, business center, offices and even private apartments. The building is 60 floors. The business space is from floors 2 to 3, the hotel area is from floors 33 to 41 and the private apartments are from floors 40 to 60. The building also has a great view of the full city of Moscow.


title: Xiangsheng

paragraphs: Crosstalk, also known by its Chinese name xiangsheng (Simplified Chinese: 相声, Traditional Chinese: 相聲, pinyin: "xiàngsheng", literally, "looking at each other and speaking"), is a traditional Chinese comedy form. Crosstalk is a special kind of dialogue and a special kind of performance.

paragraphs: The comic language has many puns and allusions. The words are spoken in a fast, rushed manner. The comedy is a kind of banter.

paragraphs: According to Canadian crosstalk comedian Dashan (Mark Rowswell), the closest equivalent in English would be Abbott and Costello's "Who's on First?" sketch.

paragraphs: Modern crosstalk is made up of four skills–speaking (Simplified Chinese: 说, Traditional Chinese: 說, pinyin: "shuō"), imitating (Simplified Chinese: 学, Traditional Chinese: 學, pinyin: "xué"), teasing (Simplified and Traditional Chinese: 逗, pinyin: "dòu"), and singing (Simplified and Traditional chinese: 唱, pinyin: "chàng").

paragraphs: Crosstalk was popular during the Qing Dynasty. It is also a standard feature of CCTV's annual New Year's Gala.


title: Oppidum

paragraphs: Oppidum (plural oppida) is a Latin word for the main settlement in any administrative area of ancient Rome. The word comes from "ob-pedum", an "enclosed space." This may in turn have come from the Proto-Indo-European word, "*pedóm-", meaning an "occupied space" or "footprint."

paragraphs: Julius Caesar called the larger Celtic Iron Age settlements he found in Gaul "oppida". The word is now used to describe the large pre-Roman towns that existed across Western and Central Europe. Many oppida grew from hill forts, but not all of them had an important defensive role. The main features of the oppida are:

paragraphs: The development of oppida was an important step in the urbanisation of Europe. They were the first large settlements north of the Mediterranean that could be described as towns. Caesar pointed out that each tribe of Gaul would have several oppida, but that they were not all of equal importance. This suggests that there was some form of hierarchy.

paragraphs: In conquered lands, the Romans took over the oppida to administer the empire, and many became full Roman towns. This often involved a change of location from the hilltop into the plain.

paragraphs: One of the best preserved oppida is at Enserune in France. It was occupied continuously from 6th century BC until the 1st century. Other oppida are now buried beneath large cities, such as Vindobona which is covered by Vienna.


title: Patrick Murphy (Irish Politician)

paragraphs: Patrick Stephen Murphy (13 May 1889 – 1 May 1968) was an Irish politician. He was first elected to the lower house of the parliament of Ireland (Dáil Éireann) in 1932. He was a member of the Fianna Fáil political party. He was the member of parliament (Teachta Dála or TD) for the Cork East constituency.


title: Visací zámek

paragraphs: Visací zámek (English:"Padlock") is a Czech punk rock band. The band was formed in 1982. This band is thought to be the oldest Czech punk band. Its early work influenced the sound of an entire generation of bands. The early works of Visací zámek are strongly influenced by early nihilism and post-modernism.


title: The Isley Brothers

paragraphs: The Isley Brothers are a very successful music group from the northeastern United States. They had many songs in the 1950s through the 2000s. Their songs included "Twist and Shout" and "Contagious". Their music is mixed R&B, funk and soul. The group is made of six African American brothers.


title: Venus as a Boy

paragraphs: "Venus as a Boy" is a song from Björk. It was the second single from her album "Debut". The song was used in the movie "Léon" ("The Professional").


title: Mandarin orange

paragraphs: The Mandarin orange, also known as the mandarin or mandarine (both lower-case), is a small citrus tree ("Citrus reticulata") with fruit that looks like other oranges. Mandarin oranges are usually eaten plain or in fruit salads. The mandarin is tender, and is damaged easily by cold. It can be grown in tropical and subtropical areas.

paragraphs: The mandarin is easily peeled with the fingers, and can be easily split into even segments without squirting juice. This makes it more convenient to eat, as utensils are not required to peel or cut the fruit. Mandarin segments are also sold in cans.

paragraphs: During Chinese New Year, Mandarin oranges and tangerines are considered traditional symbols of good fortune. During the two-week celebration, they are frequently displayed as decoration and presented as gifts to friends, relatives, and business partners.


title: Marco Simoncelli

paragraphs: Marco Simoncelli (20 January 1987 – 23 October 2011) was an Italian motorcycle racer. He competed in the Road Racing World Championship for 10 years from 2002 to 2011.

paragraphs: Simoncelli died after an accident during the 2011 Malaysian Grand Prix at Sepang on 23 October 2011.


title: Rhys Ifans

paragraphs: Rhys Ifans (born Rhys Owain Evans; 22 July 1967) is a Welsh actor and musician. In movies, he has played Spike in "Notting Hill" (1999), Eyeball Paul in "Kevin & Perry Go Large" (2000), Danny Morgan in "Danny Deckchair" (2003), Jed Parry in "Enduring Love" (2004), Xenophilius Lovegood in "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1" (2010), Howard Marks in "Mr. Nice" (2010), Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford in "Anonymous" (2011) and Dr. Curt Connors / The Lizard in "The Amazing Spider-Man" (2012). In 2005, Ifans won a BAFTA Award for his role as Peter Cook in "Not Only But Always" (2004). He is known on television for roles in "Elementary" and "Berlin Station".

paragraphs: Ifans was born in Haverfordwest, Pembrokeshire. He is a native Welsh speaker. His brother is actor Llŷr Ifans. He dated actress Anna Friel between 2011 and 2014.


title: Sandra Bernhard

paragraphs: Sandra Bernhard (born June 6, 1955) is an American actress, singer, comedian and writer. She has been seen in many movies, sitcoms and on live stage since the 1970s. She also wrote several books and animated shows like "The Powerpuff Girls", "Disney's Hercules", "Spider-Man The Animated Series".

paragraphs: She was born in Flint, Michigan. She moved to Scottsdale, Arizona. She is openly bisexual. She is in a long-term relationship with a woman. Bernhard has a daughter.


title: Symbian

paragraphs: Symbian OS is an operating system for mobile devices. It is designed for smartphones.

paragraphs: Nokia, Motorola, Ericsson, Psion and others joined to create Symbian association. This let them promote using EPOC designed for mobile phones. Symbian is a follower of EPOC system. It is used in pocket PC Psion, running on the ARM processors. This operating system has had many changes since it was first created. Nokia smartphones are the major users of Symbian OS.

paragraphs: A new version came out every year after 2005. Because of fast technology research, mobile phones and operation systems made very large improvement quickly. The most recent Symbian OS is designed for touch phones and the newest technologies.


title: Victoria Jackson

paragraphs: Victoria Jackson (born August 2, 1959) is an American comedian and actress. She is most known for her work on the sketch comedy series "Saturday Night Live". She has also starred in many movies. Jackson is a Republican and strong Tea Party supporter.


title: Flint, Michigan

paragraphs: Flint is an industry city in east central Michigan. The city of Flint is where General Motors was born. It is the seventh largest city in Michigan. In June 1953 a deadly tornado cut through the area. It killed more than 110 in the area. This is also where the Flint water crisis happened, where the water source was contaminated with lead.


title: Thermal expansion

paragraphs: In physics, thermal expansion is the likelihood of matter to change in volume in response to a change in temperature. When a substance is heated, its basic particles move around more quickly and by doing so generally maintain a greater average . Materials that contract with an increase in temperature are very uncommon; this effect is limited in size, and only occurs within limited temperature ranges. The degree of expansion divided by the change in temperature is called the material's coefficient of thermal expansion and generally varies with temperature.

paragraphs: Thermometers are an example of using thermal expansion. They contain a liquid which can only move in one direction (along the tube) when volume changes along with temperature.

paragraphs: Thermal expansion can become a problem for trains because it can cause the rails to buckle. On the rails they will have monitors so that if it does get abnormally high in temperature they can be warned and trains could be told to slow down to reduce the heat of friction. Sometimes on the inner parts of the rails they will be painted white to reflect the sun's hot rays so that it won't cause buckling.


title: SG FC Bergheim/USK Hof

paragraphs: The SG FC Bergheim/USK Hof is a women's soccer team from Salzburg, Austria. The team is an association of the two clubs FC Bergheim and USK Hof. They play in the ÖFB-Frauenliga, the highest level in Austrian women's soccer.


paragraphs: The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) is a part of the United Nations. The purpose of this agency is to protect and support refugees when governments or the UN ask for help. The UNHCR helps refugees return home out of their voluntary will, settle locally, or move to a third country according to the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and other international law. The agency's headquarters are in Geneva, Switzerland. It is a member of the United Nations Development Group chaired by United Nations Development Programme. The UNHCR has won two Nobel Peace Prizes in 1954 and in 1981.


title: Nara period

paragraphs: The is a time in the history of Japan which lasted from 710 to 794. This grouping of years is named after city of Nara.

paragraphs: In 710, Empress Gemmei established the capital of Japan at Heijō-kyō, which is present-day Nara. Gemmei's palace was named Nara-no-miya. Except for two brief times, the reigns of the next seven monarchs were centered in the palace which was built by Gemmei.

paragraphs: The capital at Nara was modeled after Chang'an, the capital city of Tang China. The Nara period was marked by the introduction of Tang systems and culture.


title: Dialogue

paragraphs: Dialogue or dialog is a shared inquiry or the art of thinking together. Dialogue is a rhetorical, literary and theatrical format. It means a written or spoken conversational exchange between two or more people.

paragraphs: The historical origins of dialogue are in classical Greek and Indian literature.

paragraphs: Dialogue is an element in the art of rhetoric.


title: Pyroxene

paragraphs: The pyroxenes are a group of important rock-forming inosilicate minerals found in many igneous and metamorphic rocks. They share a common structure consisting of single chains of silica crystals with the general formula XY(Si,Al)O where X and

paragraphs: Although aluminium substitutes extensively for silicon in silicates such as feldspars and amphiboles, the substitution occurs only to a limited extent in most pyroxenes.

paragraphs: Pyroxenite is an igneous rock made up of minerals from the pyroxene group.


title: China Central Television

paragraphs: China Central Television or Chinese Central Television, commonly abbreviated as CCTV, is the major state television broadcaster in mainland China.

paragraphs: CCTV has a network of 50 channels. Each channel broadcasts different programs to more than one billion viewers. The CCTV programs are a mixture of documentary, comedy, entertainment, and drama.

paragraphs: CCTV Peking (Beijing) Television (北京电视台) broadcast its first program on September 2, 1958.

paragraphs: The network changed its name to CCTV on May 1, 1978.


title: Naco, Arizona

paragraphs: Naco is a census-designated place in Cochise County, Arizona, United States. Its population is 833. It is across the United States–Mexico border from Naco, Sonora. The Naco border entrance is open 24 hours a day.


title: Algal bloom

paragraphs: An algal bloom is an accumulation of algae (typically microscopic) or a rapid increase in their amount in a body of water. Algal blooms may occur in fresh water as well as salt water. Algal bloom concentrations may reach millions of cells per milliliter of water. Algal blooms are often green, but they can also be other colors such as yellow-brown or red, depending on the species of algae. So-called algal blooms are often caused by Cyanobacteria such as "Aphanizomenon flosaquae", which are no longer considered to be algae. Some kinds of algal blooms, such as red tides, are poisonous.

paragraphs: Algal blooms are often caused by eutrophication. Eutrophication occurs when abnormal amount of nutrients, especially phosphorous and nitrogen, enter a body of water. Algal blooms are a big problem to ecosystems because, like any sudden unnatural growth, it harms the other animals in that ecosystem, usually decreasing their numbers quickly. The abundance of algae in algal blooms causes layers of algae that are unable to get sunlight, and this causes the algae to die and start to decompose. The top layers of algae is able to photosynthesize and continue living. The lack of nutrients and dissolved oxygen in the water inhibits other life. Fish become unable to breathe and other aquatic vegetation cannot photosynthesize. All the organisms in the water start to die and decompose. The decomposition of the dead organisms use up most of the remaining dissolved oxygen in the water. Without a sufficient amount of nutrients and dissolved oxygen all living organisms in the water die which leads to a dead zone.


title: Smoky Hill Chalk

paragraphs: The Smoky Hill Chalk is an Upper Cretaceous conservation Lagerstätte, or fossil-rich geological formation. It is known for its exceptionally well-preserved marine reptiles from the Western Inland Sea.

paragraphs: The Smoky Hill Chalk outcrops in parts of northwest Kansas, its most famous localities for fossils, and in southeastern Nebraska. Large well-known fossils excavated from the Smoky Hill Chalk include marine reptiles such as plesiosaurs, large bony fish such as "Xiphactinus", mosasaurs, pterosaurs (namely "Pteranodon"), flightless marine birds such as "Hesperornis", and turtles. Many of the most well-known specimens of the marine reptiles were collected by dinosaur hunter Charles H. Sternberg and his son George. The son collected a unique fossil of the giant bony fish "Xiphactinus audax" with the skeleton of another bony fish, "Gillicus arcuatus" inside the larger one. Another excellent skeleton of "Xiphactinus audax" was collected by Edward Drinker Cope during the late nineteenth century heyday of American paleontology.


title: CCTV New Year's Gala

paragraphs: The CCTV New Year's Gala (Simplified Chinese: 中国中央电视台春节联欢晚会; Traditional Chinese: 中國中央電視台春節聯歡晚會; Pinyin: "Zhōngguó zhōngyāng diànshìtái chūnjié liánhuān wǎnhuì") is a Chinese New Year special produced by China Central Television. It was presented by Zhao Zhongxiang.

paragraphs: Since 1983, the variety program has been broadcast on the eve of Chinese New Year.

paragraphs: The show features various acts, including

paragraphs: Across the span of years, viewers have had mixed reactions. According to the "New York Times," "complaining about the show - with its blend of comedy, singing, dancing and propaganda - is as much a tradition as watching it."

paragraphs: Performers who are famous in China are featured:


title: Army men

paragraphs: Army men, or plastic soldiers, are simple toy soldiers molded from green or other colored plastic. Unlike the toy soldiers, which cost more, army men are sold at low prices in discount stores, supermarkets, and dollar stores. Also unlike many toy soldiers, army men are sold unpainted and almost always dressed in modern military uniforms and armed with 20th Century weapons.

paragraphs: Army men are sold in plastic bags or buckets, and often include different colors such as green, tan, or gray, to represent different sides. They have a lot of different kinds of weapons, from World War II to the current era. These include rifles, machine guns, submachine guns, sniper rifles, pistols, grenades, flamethrowers, and bazookas. They may also have radio men, minesweepers, and men armed with bayonets. Army men are sometimes packaged with additional accessories including tanks, jeeps, half tracks, artillery, helicopters, jets, and buildings. Their vehicles are usually manufactured in the same size, to save money.

paragraphs: The first American plastic toy soldiers were made by Bergen Toy & Novelty Co. (Beton for short) in 1938.


title: Samuel Morse

paragraphs: Samuel Finley Breese Morse (April 27, 1791 – April 2, 1872) was an American inventor. He was the first person to make a telegraph with only one wire, and also helped come up with the idea of Morse code.

paragraphs: Since the 1700s, there were different types of telegraphs being made, but they were hard to use because they had several wires. (The first telegraph ever built had 26 wires, which made it almost impossible to use.) Morse spent years trying to build one with only one wire, and managed to do it in 1836. Morse and his assistant made a code with "dots and "dashes", which were two different types of "clicks" on the telegraph.

paragraphs: Morse's invention made it possible to quickly communicate with people far away, and many telegraph lines were built. A telegraph line using his invention was built between Washington, D.C. and Baltimore in 1844. By the 1860s, there were telegraph lines all around North America, and in 1866, a telegraph line was built across the Atlantic Ocean.

paragraphs: Samuel F. B. Morse was born in Charlestown, Massachusetts

paragraphs: Morse was a painter before he was an inventor. He was a professor of art at New York University. He wanted to do some paintings that were going to be done at the United States Capitol, but was not chosen to do them. He was so disappointed that he gave up painting.

paragraphs: Morse was a devout Christian. The first message he sent on his 1844 telegraph line was "What hath God wrought?", which comes from the Book of Numbers in the Bible.

paragraphs: He died in New York City on April 2, 1872.


title: Ehime Prefecture

paragraphs: Until the Meiji Restoration, Ehime prefecture was known as Iyo Province. The name Ehime comes from the "Kojiki". It means "beautiful maiden."

paragraphs: After the Battle of Sekigahara, the Tokugawa shogun gave the area to his allies. Kato Yoshiaki built Matsuyama Castle which became the center of the modern city of Matsuyama.

paragraphs: Ehime faces the Seto Inland Sea in the southwestern part of Shikoku. The prefecture is bordered by Kagawa Prefecture and Tokushima Prefecture in the east. Kōchi is to the south. The prefecture has a long coastline and it includes many islands.

paragraphs: National Parks are established in about 7% of the total land area of the prefecture.

paragraphs: "Ōyamazumi jinja" is the chief Shinto shrine ("ichinomiya") in the prefecture.


title: Tokushima Prefecture

paragraphs: Until the Meiji Restoration, Tokushima prefecture was known as Awa Province.

paragraphs: Tokushima is in the northeastern part of Shikoku. The prefecture faces the Seto Inland Sea and the Pacific Ocean. Kagawa Prefecture is to the northeast. Ehime Prefecture is to the west. Kōchi Prefecture is to the southeast.

paragraphs: Tokushima and Kagawa have disagreed about sharing water for a since the 1850s. The Yanase Dam was built in 1953.

paragraphs: National Parks are established in about 9% of the total land area of the prefecture.

paragraphs: "Ōasahiko jinja" is the chief Shinto shrine ("ichinomiya") in the prefecture.


title: Mount Vernon, New York

paragraphs: Mount Vernon is the 8th most populated city in the State of New York. It is in south central Westchester County. The city's neighbors include the Bronx on the south, and Yonkers on the west, separated by the Bronx River. Mount Vernon is primarily African American.

paragraphs: Anne Hutchinson started Mount Vernon in the 1640s in New Netherland which later became New York.


title: Eva Marie Saint

paragraphs: Eva Marie Saint (born July 4, 1924, Newark, New Jersey) is an American movie and stage actress. She has performed in many movies, television programs and stage acts.

paragraphs: Saint has been married to producer/director Jeffrey Hayden since October 28, 1951. They have two children, Darrell (born April 1, 1955) and Laurette (born July 19, 1958), and three grandchildren. Hayden died on December 24, 2016.


title: Chicken nuggets

paragraphs: Chicken nuggets are chicken meat pieces made into an big oval shape and usually are found at fast food restaurants, or in grocery stores which are cheaper most of the time. The fast food chain McDonald's produces their own type of nuggets, called Chicken McNuggets.


title: Ryan Stiles

paragraphs: Ryan Lee Stiles (born April 22, 1959) is an American actor, comedian, director, and voice actor whose work is often paired with improvisational comedy. He is best known for his improv and co-production work on the American and British versions of "Whose Line Is It Anyway?" and the role of Lewis Kiniski on "The Drew Carey Show". He played Herb Melnick on the CBS comedy "Two and a Half Men" and was a performer on the show "Drew Carey's Improv-A-Ganza".

paragraphs: Stiles was born in Seattle, Washington, the youngest of five children. His father, Sonny, was a fishing plant supervisor. Stiles lived in Vancouver, British Columbia as a teenager. At the age of seventeen, he dropped out of his high school, Richmond Secondary, to have a career in comedy. He worked in his father's fish-processing plant to earn a living. He then began performing improv with Vancouver TheatreSports League. In 1986, Stiles successfully auditioned for a berth at Toronto's renowned Second City comedy ensemble.

paragraphs: By 1989, the producers of the comedy show, "Whose Line Is It Anyway?", noticed his work. Stiles was a regular guest on the show until 1998, and the show's short production season allowed him to make numerous television and motion picture appearances in the United States.

paragraphs: In 1995, Stiles was asked by American comic Drew Carey to be a regular on his comedy "The Drew Carey Show". Stiles played Drew's smart but under best friend, Lewis Kiniski. Stiles' first line in the first episode of the show, "And that's why the French don't wash," is a line he had used in an episode of the British version of "Whose Line?".

paragraphs: In 1998, Carey successfully got ABC to get an American version of "Whose Line?" produced. Following the final season of the British version in 1998, the American version premiered, with both Stiles and Carey as executive producers. Stiles and Colin Mochrie were the only two actors to appear in every episode of the US version, though Wayne Brady also became a regular near the beginning of the second season. The series was produced until 2006.

paragraphs: Stiles was the most iconic performer on the original UK version of "Whose Line?", appearing in 76 of the series 136 episodes (including compilations). He first appeared in the fifth episode of the second season, which aired in late 1988. He appeared in one other episode of that season, before returning for four episodes of the third season. His prominence increased with each season, including appearances in every episode of Season 4 which was filmed in New York; ultimately appearing in every episode from the seventh season onwards.

paragraphs: Stiles was known for several recurring impressions he performed on the shows, performed both at his own decision and as an assignment in games. These included Carol Channing, Elvis Presley, John Wayne, Jimmy Stewart, Steve Irwin and Christopher Lloyd's character in "Taxi", Jim Ignatowski. He made clear his dislike of the musical segments of the show at every opportunity whenever he was chosen to perform in them, mostly because of his inability to form lyrics quickly. In particular, he disliked the games Hoedown and Irish Drinking Song, often reacting negatively (or sarcastically positively) to its being announced. Other than in early UK playings, Stiles was always the last performer to sing in Hoedown and other similar musical games, allowing him more time to devise lyrics, and giving him the final punch-lines, as well as injecting (usually not-so subtle) jabs at the Hoedown itself, or of the host for having him perform in it.

paragraphs: Stiles had first met Colin Mochrie years before while performing stand-up. They first performed together in Vancouver TheaterSports then in Second City, Toronto.There were a number of games which paired Mochrie and Stiles at every playing. Though other performers did so, he was the most common performer to make bald jokes at Mochrie. In return, Mochrie often made jokes about Stiles's height, nose, attractiveness, and tendency to wear exotic, flamboyant shoes, which were designed by George Esquivel. However, he would sometimes stand up to or make jokes at the other performers (including Drew Carey) who made fun of Mochrie's baldness or Mochrie in general, mostly during Scenes From A Hat.

paragraphs: Stiles received a nomination for a Primetime Emmy Award for Individual Performance in a Variety or Music Program in 2002 for his work on the show.

paragraphs: In 1981, Stiles met Patricia McDonald at Punchlines where she was waitressing. They lived together for seven years before marrying in 1988. They have three children: Sam, Mackenzie, and Claire. When not working in Hollywood, he lives at his home on Lake Sammamish, outside Bellingham, Washington, where he has opened the Upfront Theatre, a small theatre dedicated to live improv comedy.

paragraphs: Stiles once lived in a house previously owned by Liberace in Sherman Oaks, California, but he sold it.

paragraphs: Stiles appeared in the 1991 film "Hot Shots" as Mailman Farnham, and also starred in the 1993 sequel (follow-up) "Hot Shots! Part Deux", as marine Rabinowitz.

paragraphs: Since 2004, Stiles has been seen as the reappearing character Dr. Herb Melnick in several episodes of the comedy "Two and a Half Men" which stars his "Hot Shots" co-star Jon Cryer and formerly Charlie Sheen. Stiles also made short guest appearances on "Murphy Brown", "Mad About You", "Mad TV", and "Dharma & Greg". In July 2008, he was a guest star on "Reno 911!" as Sergeant Clift, an acting coach.

paragraphs: During the 1994 Major League Baseball strike Stiles appeared in several commercials for Nike, hanging out in an empty ballpark doing things such as playing the organ and attempting to do the wave alone. The commercials ended with the tag line: "Play ball. Please."


title: Lake George

paragraphs: Lake George is a glacial lake in the Adirondack Mountains in New York. Isaac Jogues found the lake in 1646. Many tourists visit Lake George.


title: John Bryson

paragraphs: John E. Bryson (born July 24, 1943) is an American politician. He was the 37th Secretary of Commerce. The Senate confirmed him by a 74–26 vote on October 20, 2011. He became Secretary on October 21, 2011. He is the former Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, and President of Edison International, the parent company of Southern California Edison. He left office on June 11, 2012.

paragraphs: From 1976 to 1979, Bryson was chairman of the California State Water Resources Control Board. From 1979 to 1982, he was president of the California Public Utilities Commission.

paragraphs: Bryson helped start the Natural Resources Defense Council after he graduated from law school.


title: Pinetop Perkins

paragraphs: Joeseph William "Pinetop" Perkins (July 7, 1913 – March 21, 2011) was an American blues musician. He died in Austin, Texas. He was 97 years old when he died. Perkins was a famous pianist. He helped form the style of other musicians. He played with B. B. King for a short time and was part of Muddy Waters' band for more than ten years. He won the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2005.


title: Pope Innocent IV

paragraphs: Pope Innocent IV (; c. 1195 – December 7, 1254), born Sinibaldo Fieschi, was an Italian cleric of the Roman Catholic Church and the 181st Pope from June 25, 1243 until his death in 1254.

paragraphs: Fieschi was born in Genoa. The Fieschi were a noble family of Liguria.

paragraphs: He studied at the universities of Parma and Bologna.

paragraphs: Pope Gregory IX made Fieschi a cardinal on September 18, 1227.

paragraphs: Cardinal Fieschi was elected pope on June 25, 1243. He chose the name Innocent IV. Ottobuono Fieschi was the pope's cardinal-nephew during this reign.

paragraphs: Pope Innocent was involved in Italian and European political disputes. The central problem of his papacy was a conflict with Frederick II, who was the Holy Roman Emperor.

paragraphs: In 1245, Pope Innocent called church leaders to the Council of Lyons in France.

paragraphs: Innocent granted the use of the red hat to the cardinals in 1245. The red had was a symbol of the cardinal's readiness to shed their blood in the cause of the church.


title: Cancale

paragraphs: Cancale (; Gallo: "Cauncall") is a small commune in western France. It is near Saint-Coulomb. A famous place there is the Pointe du Grouin.


title: Red Norvo

paragraphs: Kenneth "Red" Norvo (31 March 1908, Beardstown, Illinois - 6 April 1999, Santa Monica, California) was an American jazz musician and dancer. He performed from the 1920s through the 1980s. During the 1920s, he was a tap dancer in Vaudeville. His main musical instrument was the vibraphone. He was also a member of The Three Ickkies.


title: Vanilla Ice

paragraphs: Robert Matthew Van Winkle (born October 31, 1967 in Dallas, Texas), best known as Vanilla Ice, is an American rap singer and songwriter. He had songs under SBK Records. His most notable song is "Ice Ice Baby". He was nominated for a Grammy Award for this song in 1991 but did not win. He has had other songs released over the years. Comedian Jim Carrey did a spoof on the song, called "White White Baby".

paragraphs: Vanilla Ice was a contestant in the second season of "The Surreal Life" in 2004 and in the sixth series of "Dancing on Ice" in 2011.


title: Wilson Phillips

paragraphs: Wilson Phillips are a California based girl group who formed in 1989, disbanded in 1993 and then regrouped in 2004. They are a trio whose names are Carnie and Wendy Wilson, and Chynna Phillips. They had several hit songs over the years.


title: Peter Yates

paragraphs: Peter Yates (24 July 1929 – 9 January 2011) was an English movie director and producer. He was born in Aldershot, Hampshire. He was nominated for the Academy Award for the movies "Breaking Away" and "The Dresser". He was also nominated several time for BAFTA Awards. One of his best-known movies is "Bullitt" (1968), starring Steve McQueen. Yates died in London on 9 January 2011. He was 81 years old.


title: Kingswood, South Gloucestershire

paragraphs: Kingswood is an area in South Gloucestershire, South West England. It has a population of 32,000 people. Its postcode is BS15. It is a suburb of Bristol.


title: Robin Gibb

paragraphs: Robin Hugh Gibb, CBE (22 December 1949 – 20 May 2012) was a British singer, songwriter and record producer, best known as a member of The Bee Gees. Gibb gained worldwide fame with his brothers Barry and Maurice Gibb. Their younger brother Andy Gibb was also a singer.

paragraphs: Gibb died of colorectal cancer in London, England.


title: National Museum of Natural History

paragraphs: The National Museum of Natural History is a natural history museum on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., United States. It is administered by the Smithsonian Institution. Admission is free and the museum is open 364 days a year.

paragraphs: The museum's collections total over 500 million specimens of plants, animals, fossils, minerals, rocks, meteorites, and human cultural artifacts (made objects). With 7.4 million visitors in 2009, it is the most visited of all of the Smithsonian museums. It is home to about 185 professional natural history scientists – the largest group of scientists dedicated to the study of natural and cultural history in the world.

paragraphs: The main building includes a popular "Insect Zoo" and an IMAX theater.

paragraphs: The museum includes a collections storage facility in Suitland, Maryland. The museum has a marine science research facility in Ft. Pierce, Florida, and field stations in Belize, Alaska, and Kenya. The museum has seven research departments:

paragraphs: Staff collect specimens of fossils, minerals, rocks, plants and animals, tools and artworks. There are a total of 5,285,754 on-line specimen records are available from this work, and a total of 126 million individual specimens. Trained people look after these finds, and keep the collections in good condition.

paragraphs: The NMNH claims to have the largest, most comprehensive natural history collection in the world.

paragraphs: The museum has research links with a number of U.S. government agencies, which have staff working with and at the museum. These include the Department of the Interior (U.S. Geological Survey Biological Resources Division), the Department of Agriculture (Systematic Entomology Laboratory), the Department of Commerce (National Marine Fisheries Service Systematics Laboratory), and the Department of Defense (Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit).


title: James Arness

paragraphs: James King Arness (May 26, 1923 – June 3, 2011) was an American actor. He was best known for his role in Gunsmoke. He played the character Marshal Matt Dillon. His younger brother was actor Peter Graves.

paragraphs: Arness was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He dropped the "u" when he started acting. His mother was of German ancestry; his father was of Norwegian ancestry. The family name had been Aursnes, but when Rolf's father, Peter Aursnes, emigrated from Norway in 1887, he changed it to Aurness. Arness and his family were Methodists. He served in the army in Italy during World War II. He received the Bronze Star.

paragraphs: Arness died in Los Angeles at age 88 of natural causes.


title: Rorathang

paragraphs: Roarthang is a small village market. It is in East Sikkim. Rorathang has a latitude of 27.18 degrees and a longitude of 88.62.

paragraphs: We can find different types people in that locality on the basic of caste and so on.

paragraphs: There is one junior high school just near the market.

paragraphs: Around 6-7 policemen are working or doing their duties.

paragraphs: Just 1 km from Rorethang, between Rhenock and Rorethang, there is one medicine factory. It is famously know to be golden cross which is privately owned and run by a company


title: Raja Ravi Varma College of Fine Arts

paragraphs: Raja Ravi Varma College of Fine Arts is in Mavelikkara, Kerala, India. The college was established by Rama Varma son of Raja Ravi Varma in 1915.The first principal of this college was Artist P.J.Cherian. The college offers both undergraduate degree and diploma courses in fine arts, including in sculpture, painting and applied arts. This government institution is affiliated with the University of Kerala.


title: Jason Aldean

paragraphs: Jason Aldine Williams (born February 28, 1977 in Macon, Georgia) is an American country music singer and guitarist. Aldean has won two CMA awards in 2011 for "Musical Event of the Year" with "Don't You Wanna Stay" featuring Kelly Clarkson and "Album of the Year" for My Kinda Party.

paragraphs: Aldean is married to Jessica Ussery and they were wed on August 4, 2001. He resides with her and their two daughters Keeley and Kendyl in Nashville, Tennessee.

paragraphs: On October 1, 2017, Aldean had just begun performing "When She Says Baby" at the Route 91 Harvest Festival in Las Vegas when a gunman began firing into the crowd from the 32nd floor of the Mandalay Bay Resort & Casino. He fled the scene and was unharmed, but at least 58 people were killed and over five hundred people were injured as a result of the incident.


title: Uptown Girls

paragraphs: Uptown Girls is a movie starring Brittany Murphy and Dakota Fanning. Brittany Murphy's character plays a babysitter for Dakota Fanning's character and at first they do not get along but they get to know each other better and become good friends.


title: Pope Innocent V

paragraphs: Pope Innocent V (; c. 1225 – June 22, 1276), born Pierre de Tarentaise, was a French cleric of the Roman Catholic Church and the 186th Pope from January 21 to June 22, 1276. He was the first Dominican to be elected pope.

paragraphs: He was born around 1225 in the Tarentaise region of southeastern France.

paragraphs: He joined the Dominican Order. In 1262, he became Provincial of France.

paragraphs: Pope Gregory X made Tarentaise Bishop of Lyons in 1272.

paragraphs: In 1273, Gregory X raised Tarentaise to the rank of Cardinal of Ostia.

paragraphs: Cardinal Tarentaise was elected on January 21, 1276. He chose the name Innocent V.


title: Okayama Prefecture

paragraphs: During the Meiji Restoration, the area of Okayama Prefecture was known as Bitchū Province, Bizen Province and Mimasaka Province.

paragraphs: Okayama Prefecture borders Hyōgo Prefecture its the west, Tottori Prefecture on its north and Hiroshima Prefecture on its east. It faces Kagawa Prefecture in Shikoku to the west across the Seto Inland Sea. The prefecture includes 90 islands.

paragraphs: There are 15 cities in Okayama Prefecture:

paragraphs: National Parks are established in about 11% of the total land area of the prefecture.

paragraphs: "Kibitsuhiko jinja" and "Kibitsu jinja" are the chief Shinto shrines ("ichinomiya") in the prefecture.


title: Crab rangoon

paragraphs: Crab rangoon are deep-fried dumplings. They are served in American Chinese restaurants. They are stuffed with a combination of cream cheese, lightly flaked crab meat with scallions and/or garlic. These fillings are then wrapped in Chinese wonton wrappers. They are then deep fried in vegetable oil.

paragraphs: In the Pacific Northwest states of America crab rangoon are also known as crab puffs. National crab rangoon day is october 2nd.


title: Stereo Love

paragraphs: "Stereo Love" is a 2009 song recorded by Romanian musician Edward Maya featuring Vika Jigulina, released as his first single in late 2009 from his album "The Stereo Love Show". The refrain is from "Bayatılar", composed by Azerbaijani musician Eldar Mansurov. It became a worldwide hit in Nightclubs and rose to the top of Romanian, French, Dutch, Turkish, Finnish, Norwegian, Spanish, Swedish, and Irish singles charts.

paragraphs: The song and the music video were both included on the compilation "NRJ Music Awards 2010". The music video was filmed in Greece, as Edward Maya stated in an interview that Greece "was a place that I fell in love with". In 2011, the song was awarded as top dance song at the Billboard Music Awards.


title: Doris Roberts

paragraphs: Doris Roberts (November 4, 1925, St. Louis, Missouri - April 17, 2016) was an American actress. She acted in movies, television and on stage.

paragraphs: Roberts died in Los Angeles, California, on April 17, 2016, at age 90 in her sleep, due to a stroke.


title: Bechyně

paragraphs: Bechyně is a South Bohemian town in the Czech Republic. It lies 19 km southwest of Tabor in the forested landscape at the confluence of rivers Lužnice and stream Smutná. Bechyně was founded by Jan Lucemburský around the year 1323. Town now has about 6,000 inhabitants and is especially famous for spas and the production of ceramics. Well-preserved historic town centre is one of the most valuable urban conservation areas in the country since 1990.

paragraphs: In the 16th century, it had Peter Vok of Rožmberk rebuild from Gothic castle in representative Renaissance castle, where he later (in 1580) married Catherine of Ludanice. During the summer season the castle is open to the public and guided exposures and serves as place for many of cultural events.

paragraphs: Church dominating the rock above the river Lužnice, was established in 1491, the original Augustinian monastery functioned here from first half of the 14th century. Part of the area is also a monastery garden with pleasant seating and beautiful views of the valley Lužnice.

paragraphs: Main dominant of Masaryk square. The church was founded between 13th and 14th century and gained current appearance after reconstruction in 1740. The tower of the church is open to the public in summer and provides views over the town.

paragraphs: "Bechyně rainbow" is a reinforced concrete arched bridge that was designed by Eduard Viktor. It was completed on 28 October 1928. "Bechyně rainbow" was the highest reinforced concrete arch bridge in the former Czechoslovakia, the height above the river 50 m, 90 m span arch and length 203.38 m. The bridge is used for road and rail transport and for walk as well. This bridge has become an icon of the town and was used in the official town logo.

paragraphs: The railway route from Tábor to Bechyně was built as the first electrified railway in Austria Hungary, completed in 1903. The track originally ended before Bechyně at the old station. After completion of the bridge “Bechyně rainbow” was in 1928 extended up to the town.


title: Ratibořské Hory

paragraphs: Ratibořské Hory is a village and municipality. It is in the Tábor District in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic.

paragraphs: The municipality is . As of 2 October 2006, there were 747 people living there.

paragraphs: Village Ratibořské Hory is 9 miles northeast of Tabor in the direction of Kutna Hora.

paragraphs: The village currently has about 740 inhabitants and consists of five parts - Ratibořské Hory, Vresce, Dub, Podoli and Ratiborice. There already begins Moravian Highlands with the occurrence of minerals and ores containing silver.

paragraphs: In 1526 King Louis Jagelonsky granted brothers Medencum of Ratiborice and Podoli right to extract minerals in a half miles in circumference around Ratiborice. The king reserved the preferential right to purchase precious metals, gold and lot for two stacks and talent of silver for three and a half stack.

paragraphs: This privilege started extensive mining activity area Ratiborice, which enriched the local landscape of picturesque islands heaps especially with forest vegetation. It is these heaps, vivid evidence of mining, are a wonderful adornment of the landscape, we can observe the dominant height, from Adam's Hill, whose summit is at an altitude of 611 meters, or from the top of the loaf, which is above the natural park Polanka and its altitude is 666 m.

paragraphs: Through this cycle, called the results "silver eight" that showcases the very beautiful natural scenery with twelve ponds that are surrounded by meadow vegetation in protected plants - such as "Menyanthes trifoliata" which is an herb that has known its share in it drink, which has a great success both at home and abroad and is known for Becherovka.

paragraphs: From cultural attractions dominate renovated churches St. Bartholomew in Ratiborice and St. Adalbert in Ratiborske Hory.

paragraphs: The development of the municipality contributes to school, post office, health center, public library, grocery store and last but not least, the local association Sokol, volunteer firefighters, SK Ratiborske Hory and hunting associations.

paragraphs: Tourists, who can also use the regular bus lines from the district town, offering a pleasant rest and two restaurants on the square of Ratiborske Hory.

paragraphs: The town Ratibořské Hory (Bergstadtl), founded four hundred eighty years ago in the northeast of Tabor, was for several centuries dependent on mining.

paragraphs: The boom in mining caused a much greater concentration of population in Ratibořské Hory than the corresponding options of agricultural production in the town and its surroundings.

paragraphs: Fundamental change in character fit in well with the renewal of mining in the district of Ratiborice sometime early 16 century. Already from 1515, was preserved record of the smelting of silver ore from Ratiborice and Vresce in Rosenberg's steelworks in the Czech Krumlov. The Rosenbergs invested in these mines large amounts of money, called the new professionals who are in Ratibořice Mountains focused primarily on large construction pit the Three Kings. At that time Ratibořské Hory with the surroundings at the peak of its prosperity, which was mined today in nearly all known mines.


title: Canoe racing

paragraphs: Canoe racing is a water sport. The sport normally takes place on water that is moving very slowly or not moving at all. The goal of the sport is to move the canoe a given distance in the shortest time. This sport is an Olympic event. At one time, wooden boats were used for racing. Over time, people started using boats made of carbon fibers. These boats are lighter and tougher than wooden boats.

paragraphs: There are two main types of races. These are canoe (C1, C2, C4) and kayak (K1, K2, K4). The number tells how many people are on the boat. In a kayak, a person sits. In a canoe, a person kneels on one knee. A kayak has a rudder. It is used to steer the boat. A canoeist (person who uses a canoe) uses the paddle to move the boat. This is done by moving the paddle from the bow to the stern (front to back). After each race, the boats are looked at to make certain they are legal. If a boat does not have enough weight, the racer is disqualified and cannot win the race.

paragraphs: Races are divided into several groups based on how long they are.

paragraphs: In short distance races, the races are either 200 m, 500 m or 1000 m long. The path of the race is laid out using buoys. Each person has a separate path to follow from the starting line to the finish. On longer races, there may be a point where the paths cross each other to let the person turn their boat.

paragraphs: Long distance races are 5000 m long. Marathon races are at least 15 km. Men's marathon has a minimum length of 20 km. Women's marathon has a minimum of 15 km. Most major races are 30 km or longer. There is no maximum distance for marathon races. There is a marathon race that is about 1000 km long on in the Yukon. The longer races are usually broken up into several parts and may be raced over several days. In long distance and marathon races, all racers start at the same time. They do not use "intervals" where the racers are started at different times.


title: Geocaching

paragraphs: Geocaching is an outdoor sport activity based on GPS (Global Positioning System). Players use a receiver or mobile device and other navigational techniques to hide or look for containers, called "geocaches" or "caches".

paragraphs: One of the main ideas of geocaching is putting caches in places that are interesting, but not often visited by tourists. In the listing of the cache, information about the places is given.

paragraphs: After 19 years of activity there are over 3,000,000 active geocaches. There are over 5 million geocachers worldwide.

paragraphs: Geocaching was invented shortly after the removal of artificial error from GPS on May 2, 2000. Accuracy of the GPS before this date was about 100m, after this date is less than 3m. Improved accuracy allowed geocachers to specify where caches are located.

paragraphs: The first cache was placed on May 3, 2000, by Dave Ulmer in Beavercreek. It was found by Mike Teague of Vancouver on May 6, 2000. The original name of the game is "GPS Stash Hunt", but it was changed on May 30, 2000 after the discussion of several players to "Geocaching".

paragraphs: The cache is usually in a waterproof plastic container with a logbook where geocachers write their registered nickname and date they find it. Larger containers usually contain items for trading like plastic toys, hockey cards or special trackable items called Travel Bugs or Geocoins. Trackable items are logged on the website and moved from cache to cache.

paragraphs: The coordinates of a hidden cache with the rating of the difficulty and terrain and information about size are placed by owner at the official website Geocaching.com. After checking by a reviewer, they are published and available for other geocachers.

paragraphs: Traditional cache: The basic cache type, hidden on the place defined by coordinates in header of listing.

paragraphs: Multi cache: The geocacher usually has to go over the stages, find some information at every stage (such as number on information board etc.) and at the finish calculate the coordinates of the final cache.

paragraphs: Mystery/puzzle cache (also called "Unknown cache"): The coordinates of the final cache are usually hidden in some cipher, image or text and the geocacher has to discover it.

paragraphs: Letterbox hybrid cache: A combination of geocaching and letterboxing in the same container. Instead of a classic cache there is a stamp, which the finder can print to his or her diary.

paragraphs: Webcam cache: It is not a typical cache where the geocacher has to find a hidden box with a logbook. Instead, he has to find a webcam on the published coordinates and take a photo of himself.

paragraphs: Virtual cache: Similar to webcam cache, there is no hidden box at the coordinates. The geocacher only has to find out information such as the name on a monument and send it to the owner of the cache.

paragraphs: Earth cache: Very similar to virtual cache, but in a geographically interesting place. The geocacher has to find out answers for the questions in a listing, take a photo here, and send it to the owner of the cache.

paragraphs: Event cache: Meeting organized and attended by geocachers. There is also special type of event – CITO (Cache in, trash out), where geocachers have to clean up an area. An event attended by more than 500 people is called a Mega-event, and an event attended by more than 5000 people is called a Giga-event


title: Cardinal-nephew

paragraphs: A cardinal-nephew (; ;) was a pope's relative -- a nephew -- who was raised to the rank of cardinal. The practice of creating cardinal-nephews originated in the Middle Ages.

paragraphs: Cardinal-nephew was an office in the Curia of the Roman Catholic Church before 1692. After the death of the reigning pope, the office of cardinal-nephew was vacated.

paragraphs: The pope's cardinal-nephew was his chief assistant and confident. The man in this role was expected to act as if he were a relative of the pope; and sometimes -- often, he was in fact a member of the pope's extended family.

paragraphs: After 1692, this office was banned by Pope Innocent XII in "Romanum decet pontificem."

paragraphs: This role and function is now filled by the Vatican's Secretary of State.

paragraphs: Notable cardinal-nephews include many who would later become popes:


title: Chemical energy

paragraphs: Many chemical reactions produce energy in the form of heat. This warmth is sometimes called chemical energy. Using Hess's law it is possible to calculate the amount of energy an exothermic reaction produces. Chemical energy should not be confused with binding energy. Binding energy is the work that is needed to split a system of many components into its parts.

paragraphs: A common misconception is that energy is released when chemical bonds are broken, whereas energy is required to break bonds.


title: El Cid

paragraphs: Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar (about 1043 – 1099 AD), known as El Cid, was a Castilian nobleman. He was a military leader in medieval Spain. After his death, he became the hero in a mediaeval Spanish poem, "El Cantar de mio Cid".

paragraphs: Exiled from the court, El Cid went on to command a Moorish force. After the Christian defeat, El Cid was recalled to service. He took command of a combined Christian and Moorish army. He used this army to create his own fiefdom in Valencia. He was a brave general that lead his country to victory. El Cid was born in Vivar, also known as Castillona de Bivar. The Muslims gave him the nickname "El Cid" from the Spanish Arabic word al-sid, meaning "lord."

paragraphs: El Cid was brought up at the court of King Ferdinand the Great and served Ferdinand's son, Sancho II of León and Castile. He rose to become the commander and royal standard-bearer of Castile when Sancho became king in 1065.

paragraphs: Sancho wanted to reunite all the three parts of his dead father's kingdom. Rodrigo lead the Castilian military campaigns against Sancho's brothers, Alfonso VI of León and García II of Galicia, as well as in the Muslim kingdoms in Al-Andalus. Sancho was murdered in 1072.

paragraphs: After his brother's death, Alfonso returned from exile attempting to claim his dead brothers throne. El Cid then swore Alfonso to the throne and named him King.

paragraphs: Although, Alfonso feared that El Cid would not prove loyal, but with no proof. In 1074, El Cid married Alfonso's niece, Jimena. Some believe the marriage was encouraged by Alfonso to bring El Cid under his watchful eye. Alfonso never gave El Cid a chance to make a better name for himself in the military, and kept him from becoming famous.

paragraphs: El Cid soon became fed up, and in 1081, without Alfonso's permission, he invaded the city of Toledo.

paragraphs: This made Alfonso very mad, and his advisors told him that El Cid had tried to betray him by attacking the city without his permission, false information. Alfonso then banished him from the Kingdom of Castile.

paragraphs: El Cid then worked as a paid, professional soldier for the Muslim king of Saragossa. During the time that had past, El Cid defeated Christian attacks and continued to make himself better known and more famous as a general. This caused other kings and generals to fear that El Cid would overtake them with his power.

paragraphs: In October 1086, Alfonso had a battle with the Almoravids. They attacked each other at Sagrajas, where Alfonso was defeated. The loss made Alfonso reconsider banishing El Cid. Alfonso called him back, hoping El Cid could defeat the Almoravids. However, the trust issues led the two men to go their separate ways yet again. The Alfonso and El Cid were meet together with their armies, but they failed to because of miscommunication. People convinced King Alfonso that El Cid had planned to not show up, and let Alfonso and his army be defeated. Once again, Alfonso exiled El Cid.

paragraphs: El Cid and his small army left, and invaded land in eastern Spain. Four years later, he ruled a large, wealthy territory. Its capital was Valencia.

paragraphs: He ruled well, allowing Muslims and Christians to mingle. King Alfonso begged for El Cid’s help in his ongoing battle with the Almoravids. Meanwhile, the kingdom El Cid had worked so hard to build was falling apart from Muslim revolts. El Cid went back to Valencia and returned the city to peace.

paragraphs: El Cid continued to conquer many cities before his death on July 10, 1099 in Valencia. El Cid's life story inspired many playwrights and poems.


title: 1981 Irish hunger strike

paragraphs: The 1981 Irish Hunger Strike was a hunger protest in Northern Ireland by Irish republican prisoners during the Troubles. During the protest 10 prisoners from the Provisional Irish Republican Army and the Irish National Liberation Army had starved themselves to death in the hunger strike. The first to die, Bobby Sands, was elected as a Member of Parliament in the United Kingdom during his hunger strike.

paragraphs: By the end of the protest 10 prisoners had died. Their names, paramilitary affiliation, dates of death, and length of hunger strike are as follows:


title: UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying Group B

paragraphs: This page shows the results for Group B of the UEFA Euro 2012 qualification. Russia qualified, and the Republic of Ireland went to the playoffs.

paragraphs: The top scorer of the group was Henrikh Mkhitaryan (Armenia) with 6 goals.


title: Uncanny valley

paragraphs: The uncanny valley is a psychological theory about the effect involving art and robots and human emotions. As something starts to look more human-like, there is a point at which people start to feel it looks wrong. At this point, they have negative feelings toward the object. These feelings keep getting worse as the object is made to look more human-like. At a certain point, as the object starts to get very close to looking human-like, how people feel towards it tend to reverse and they have more positive emotional feelings towards it. The theory was created by the robotics professor Masahiro Mori in 1970.

paragraphs: One of the main points of the theory to explain this is that people are not as affected in an emotional way by the object if it is easy to tell it is not human. After a certain point, people start to feel emotionally about it, but feel negatively because it is so nonhuman. As it gets closer to looking human, they start to feel more positive emotions towards it. A graph of these feeling shows a valley. This is part of the reason for the naming of the theory.


title: Pat Morita

paragraphs: Noriyuki "Pat" Morita (June 28, 1932 – November 24, 2005) was an American actor and stand up comedian of Japanese descent. He was born in Isleton, California. He is known for playing Mr. Miyagi in the "Karate Kid" movies. He also appeared in the sitcom "Happy Days". He died of renal failure in Las Vegas, Nevada.


title: Dork Diaries

paragraphs: Dork Diaries is a series of books written by Rachel Renée Russell. These books tell about the daily problems that 14-year-old Nikki Maxwell faces. There are 16 books in this series. In the diaries, Nikki writes about her annoying parents and little sister, the problems she has with a popular girl named Mackenzie Hollister, and her crush Brandon Roberts. Her best friends are Chloe and Zoe. Over a million people around the world read these books, and all of the books have won the New York Times Bestselling Series award.

paragraphs: In the first book, Nikki had always wanted an iPhone so she could become a popular girl at school, she got a telephone but in her locker. Before she starts eighth grade, Nikki hoped her mom bought her an iPhone as a back to school present. She becomes very disappointed that her mom got her a diary instead. So when she starts eighth grade on a scholarship her dad got her due to his bug extermination contract with the school, she doesn't want anyone to know she only attends the school due to her dad's extermination contract. She is devastated to have a locker next to the most popular girl in school, Mackenzie Hollister, who makes nasty comments about other girls. So when she goes to class one day, Mackenzie hands her an invitation to her big birthday bash. Nikki thought she was going to be invited to the party, but Mackenzie wanted her to pass it to her best friend, Jessica, who sits behind Nikki. Then Nikki finds out about the school's annual art competition, in which the grand prize is $500. She went to the office to fill out a form, but she fills out a paper to sign up to be a Library Shelving Assistant. Nikki eventually does sign up for the art competition, and enters a watercolor she painted in art camp. The day the art is due, her painting is destroyed by her dad's van. So her friends and crush team up to make an art project from pictures of tattoos Nikki did with her lucky pen. Her art wins the art contest, and Nikki is excited to receive the $500.


title: Martin Landau

paragraphs: Martin James Landau (June 20, 1928 – July 15, 2017) was an American actor. Landau won an Academy Award for his portrayal of Bela Lugosi in "Ed Wood" directed by Tim Burton.

paragraphs: Martin Landau was of Jewish descent. When Landau was a teenager, he was hired by "The New York Daily News" as a cartoonist.

paragraphs: Landau started acting in small roles in films and television shows such as "The Goldbergs" (1953) and "Armstrong Circle Theatre" (1956). His first major role was in the Alfred Hitchcock movie "North by Northwest" (1959) with Cary Grant. In 1966 he got the role of master of disguise Rollin Hand in the TV series "Mission Impossible", along with his wife, Barbara Bain. He played that role for three years and earned a Golden Globe Award in 1968.

paragraphs: In 1975, Landau was hired for the British sci fi TV series "Space: 1999", where he played Commander John Koenig. Barbara Bain was also in that series. Then Landau starred in movies such as "Meteor" (1979) with Sean Connery and "The Fall of the House of Usher" (1979) where he played Roderick Usher. In 1982 he returned to play an unbalanced character in "Alone in the Dark", directed by Jack Sholder and starring Jack Palance and Donald Pleasence. In 1988, Landau was nominated for an Academy Award for his supporting role in "Tucker: The Man and His Dream" directed by Francis Ford Coppola, and then "Crimes and Misdemeanors" (1989) by Woody Allen.

paragraphs: He also won a Golden Globe for his role in "Tucker: The Man and His Dream". In 1994, Martin Landau got a role in "Ed Wood" with Johnny Depp and directed by Tim Burton. In that movie, he played Bela Lugosi. He won an Academy Award and a Golden Globe in 1995 for that.

paragraphs: Landau appeared in TV series "In Plain Sight" (2009), "The Simpsons" (2011) and in the movies "Ivory" (2010) and "Mysteria" (2011).

paragraphs: Landau died at Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center in Los Angeles, California on July 15, 2017 at the age of 89. The cause of death was hypovolemia shock caused by atherosclerosis and gastrointestinal bleeding.


title: Nina Aigner

paragraphs: Nina Aigner (born 20 June 1980 in Antiesenhofen, Austria) is a former Austrian football player. She played as striker and finished her career after the 2010/11 season. Her last team was FC Bayern München. Nina Aigner was also a talented tennis player and played at the age of 15 un the U16 team world championship where she won the bronce medal.

paragraphs: She started playing football for the SV Peterskirchen. 1998 she went on to Union Kleinmünchen Linz and won this season her first title in the ÖFB-Frauenliga. The next two seasons she played for Union Landhaus Vienna. She won twice the double with this club.

paragraphs: 2001 she went to FC Bayern München and played her first match versus SC Freiburg. There she shot her first goal. The last match was on 20 February 2011. With end of the season she finished her career. In 176 matches for München she scored 107 goals. In her career she shot 221 goals in 241 matches. During her time with Bayern she made a degree in sport marketing (2007)

paragraphs: For the Austrian football national team she played 29 matches and shot 7 goals.