title: Writing tool

paragraphs: Writing tools are the things we use to write with. Most writing today is done with a computer system, usually a word processing software. But for about 5,000 years, much simpler tools were used. The tools were different in different parts of the world. The raw materials had to be near where people lived.

paragraphs: The two oldest writing systems come from this area, which also had the earliest agriculture and the first cities. It is not known for sure which came first, or whether they influenced each other.

paragraphs: The Sumerian system used clay as the basic material to write on. They developed a type of writing called cuneiform. Triangular marks were pressed into soft clay tablets by a metal or wooden tool. After the clay had dried in the sun the tablets were baked. Then they were carried somewhere else for others to read. We know that its first uses were for trade, accounting and administration.

paragraphs: This is the most famous of the old forms of writing. It was invented at roughly the same time as cuneiform, yet was quite different in style, and used different materials. The writing tools used varied according to the material which was written on. Egyptians ended up with three writing systems for the same language. The tools were:

paragraphs: When writing on papyrus, Egyptians used a reed pen. The was hollow, with a nib-like end structure. This was a good example of how writing tools must be got from materials in the local area.

paragraphs: The original Chinese system scratched lines onto a bone or turtle shell surface, 12001500 BC.

paragraphs: Although Chinese characters can be written with many materials, for the longest period they were written with a brush. The ink was carbon-based. It was moulded before use into an inkstick. This small solid object could be carried easily. To get the ink the writer had to grind the inkstick against an inkstone with some added water. The earliest Chinese inks can be dated back to 12th century BC, with the use of charred (partly burnt) materials and plant dyes. Mineral inks based on graphite were most common. A bit later, soot was used as the carbon source, and animal glue used to bind the ink to the paper (Egyptian ink used gum arabic for the same reason).

paragraphs: Paper was a Chinese invention, and a very important one. Essentially the same writing tools and methods were used in Japan, and in Korea, two countries influenced by China.

paragraphs: The Romans used lead styli with wax tablets which could be "erased" by rubbing the beeswax surface smooth again. For permanent records they wrote on parchment (treated animal skin) with ink. They invented the idea of a book with sewn-together parchment pages. It was called a codex, a word which means something like 'block of wood'. Before, long documents were kept in a roll.

paragraphs: Dip-in pens were used in Europe for a thousand years or more. At first they were quill pens made of the stem ('rachis') of a pigeon feather. The quill pen was cut by a knife to give the slanting nib at the writing end. They were used from the middle ages until the first part of the 19th century.

paragraphs: Metal pens were tried next, but many metals were not flexible enough. The writing styles which developed with quill pens used thick and thin strokes. People wanted the same flexibility from a metal pen. Between 1839 and 1849 the steel-nibbed pen solved the problem. For the next century and more, industrial production lines turned out hundreds of millions of steel nibs. They had the advantage that different types of nib could be attached to the same holder. This allowed for different styles of writing to be used. Eventually the best nibs were tipped with gold or iridium, a rare metal which arrives on Earth via meteorites. All stages in the making of nibs was done by machine. The great secret of all nibs from the Egyptian reed to the steel pen is the slit down the middle of the tip. This leads the ink from the small blob under the nib to the point where the ink goes onto the paper. Without the slit, a nib does not work well.


title: Kharal

paragraphs: The Kharal are a Punjabi tribe. They are either Rajputs or Jatts. Today, they mostly live in Punjab, Pakistan.


title: Paleoanthropology

paragraphs: Paleoanthropology (or palaeoanthropology) combines the study of paleontology and physical anthropology. It is the study of human evolution.

paragraphs: The subject is also closely connected to archaeology. The evidence of tool-making and other activities shows the subtle but important changes in thinking that early humans went through.


title: Timeline

paragraphs: A timeline is a way of displaying a list of events in the order they happened (called chronological order). It may be in the form of a list or a graphic design. A graphic timeline typically shows a long bar labelled with dates and usually events. But it can be other layouts as well.

paragraphs: Timelines are often used in education. They help students and researchers understand the order or chronology of historical events for a subject. A timeline can be used to visualize the time between events, durations (such as lifetimes or wars), and the overlap of events.

paragraphs: Timelines are particularly useful for studying history, as they convey a sense of change over time. Wars and social movements are often shown as timelines. Timelines are also useful for biographies.

paragraphs: Another type of timeline is used for project management. They are important to help team members to know what milestones need to be achieved. It also shows the time schedule. An example is showing a project timeline for a Systems development life cycle of a computer system.


title: Heer Ranjha

paragraphs: Heer Ranjha is a famous sad, love story from the Punjab (now in Pakistan). Other Punjabi love stories are Mirza Sahiban, and Sohni Mahiwal.

paragraphs: The story is about two lovers, Heer a beautiful village girl from a rich and noble family; and Ranjha, a poor farm boy.He looked after Water buffaloes belonging to Heer's father. They both fell in love but Heer's parents were against their marriage. Heer was married by force to a rich young man. Ranjha, very saddened by this, became a hermit (a person who lives alone away from other people and spends his time meditating about God). He later tried to meet Heer but he failed, and they both died in the end of broken hearts.

paragraphs: This story has been written by different writers, at different times. The best and most famous is "Heer" by the poet Waris Shah written in 1761. Some films in Punjabi language and Urdu have also been made about this story.

paragraphs: The story is still very popular in Pakistan today. Many young girls and boys who fall in love have to face the same problems Some people believe that there were two real young lovers called Heer and Ranjha, long ago. They say that they died and were buried together in a tomb near Jhang, in Punjab,Pakistan. But there is no real proof this was so.


title: Heer

paragraphs: Heer is a general term for army in the German and some other languages of German origin. In date order:


title: Michael Harari

paragraphs: Michael "Mike" Harari (February 18, 1927 – September 21, 2014) was an Israeli intelligence officer in the Mossad. He was involved in several operations. He was part of the failed Lillehammer affair and the rescue of hostages at Entebbe.

paragraphs: Harari died at his home on September 21, 2014 at the age of 87.


title: Skip E. Lowe

paragraphs: Sammy Labella (June 5, 1929 – September 22, 2014), better known by his stage name Skip E. Lowe, was an American talk show host and actor. He hosted "Skip E. Lowe Looks at Hollywood". He appeared in the movies "Black Shampoo", "The World's Greatest Lover", "Cameron's Closet" and "A-List". Martin Short called him as the inspiration for his character Jiminy Glick.

paragraphs: He died on September 22, 2014, in Los Angeles, from emphysema at the age of 85.


title: Henryk Glücklich

paragraphs: Henryk Glücklich (22 January 1945 – 23 September 2014) was a Polish speedway racer. He was an international motorcycle speedway rider. He appeared in the Speedway World Championship finals three times, finishing fifth in 1970. He also rode in five World Team Cup finals. Glücklich was born in Rybnik, Poland.

paragraphs: Glücklich died in Berlin, Germany, aged 69.


title: Christopher Hogwood

paragraphs: Christopher Jarvis Haley Hogwood CBE (10 September 194124 September 2014) was an English conductor, harpsichordist, writer, and musicologist. He was the founder of the Academy of Ancient Music. Hogwood was born in Nottingham, England.

paragraphs: Hogwood died in Cambridge, England on 24 September 2014, aged 73.


title: Yasiel Puig

paragraphs: Yasiel Puig Valdés born December 7, 1990) is a Cuban professional baseball player. Puig plays for the Los Angeles Dodgers. Puig plays the position outfielder.

paragraphs: Puig played for the Cuban national baseball team in the 2008 World Junior Baseball Championship. His team won a bronze medal. In 2012, he left Cuba and signed a contract with the Los Angeles Dodgers.


title: Matt Kemp

paragraphs: Matthew Ryan "Matt" Kemp (born September 23, 1984) is an American professional baseball player. He plays for the Atlanta Braves. He plays the position of outfielder. He has previously played for the Los Angeles Dodgers and the San Diego Padres. His career began in 2006.

paragraphs: Kemp was drafted by the Dodgers in the sixth round of the 2003 draft. He went to the major leagues after four years in the minor leagues.

paragraphs: He did not become a full-time player until 2008. He became the everyday starting center fielder. He has been named to two All-Star teams. He has won two Gold Glove Awards. He has won two Silver Slugger Awards.


title: By the Sword

paragraphs: By the Sword is a 1991 action-drama movie. This movie is about people who fence with swords. F. Murray Abraham plays Max Suba. Mia Sara plays Erin.

paragraphs: The movie got mixed reviews from the critics. The screenplay was considered "terrible".


title: Class Action

paragraphs: Class Action is a 1991 melodramatic thriller movie. The movie is about a lawsuit related to injuries caused by a defective car. Laurence Fishburne plays Nick. Gene Hackman plays Jedediah Tucker Ward. Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio plays Maggie.

paragraphs: The movie received mostly positive review. It was a moderate box office success.


title: Cavalera Conspiracy

paragraphs: Cavalera Conspiracy is an American death metal band formed in 2007.


title: Greg Mackey

paragraphs: Greg Mackey (20 October 1961 – 24 September 2014) was an Australian professional rugby league player from 1980 until 1996. He played as a five-eighth, fullback, winger and centre. He also captained some of his teams. He played for the South Sydney Rabbitohs, Paris Châtillon XIII, the Illawarra Steelers, the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs, the Warrington Wolves and Hull.

paragraphs: Mackey was born in New South Wales. He was married to Amanda. They had three children: two sons, Kane and Tom, and a daughter, Ebony. In December 2011, he was told that he had bowel cancer.

paragraphs: Mackey died from a heart attack on 24 September 2014 in Sydney, New South Wales. He was 52.


title: Cecilia Cenci

paragraphs: Cecilia Cenci (1942 – 21 September 2014) was an Argentine actress. She was best known her roles in the movies "Piedra libre" (1976) and "Contragolpe" (1979).

paragraphs: Cenci was born in La Plata, Buenos Aires Province. She was of Italian ancestry.

paragraphs: Cenci died from brain cancer on 21 September 2014 at the Fundación Favaloro in Buenos Aires. She was 72.


title: Erik van der Wurff

paragraphs: Erik van der Wurff (9 July 1945 – 22 September 2014) was a Dutch pianist, composer, arranger, producer and conductor. He worked on mostly the soundtracks and as a composer for many movies and television shows. He was mainly worked between 1977 and 2003. He also made acting appearances in two Dutch television shows in 1977 and 1980.

paragraphs: Van der Wurff was born in De Bilt, Utrecht. In 2009, he was given the Order of the Netherlands Lion.

paragraphs: Van der Wurff died from cancer on 22 September 2014 in Soest, near Amersfoort, Utrecht, aged 69.


title: Ben Webb (artist)

paragraphs: Benedict "Ben" Webb (1976 – 22 September 2014) was a New Zealand artist. He worked in both New Zealand and Germany. He worked mostly with both oil and metallic pigments. His paintings were mostly portraits. A lot of his works showed paintings of the Weimar Republic-era of Germany.

paragraphs: Webb was born in Dunedin. He was the son of artist Marilynn Webb. One of his godparents was artist Ralph Hotere.

paragraphs: Webb died on 22 September 2014 at the age of 38. His death was announced on 24 September in an issue of the "Otago Daily Times".


title: Deborah Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire

paragraphs: Deborah Vivien Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire (née Deborah Freeman-Mitford; 31 March 1920 – 24 September 2014) was a British writer and aristocrat. He was the youngest and last living member of the six Mitford sisters. The sisters were a figure of political connections and promiscuity were a famous feature of English culture in the 1930s and 1940s.

paragraphs: Cavendish was born at Asthall Manor in Asthall, Oxfordshire. She had five sisters and a brother. She was married to Andrew Cavendish from 1941 until his death in 2004. They had seven children, three of which died at a very young age.

paragraphs: Cavendish died from natural causes on 24 September 2014 at Edensor House in Edensor, Derbyshire. She was 94.


title: Abubakar Shekau

paragraphs: Abubakar Shekau (; born between 1969 and 1975), also known by his alias Darul Tawheed, is a Nigerien Islamist terrorist. He was the Emir of the Nigerian militant group Boko Haram. He served as deputy leader to the group's founder, Mohammed Yusuf, until Yusuf was killed in 2009. He was said to have been also killed in 2009 until a video in July 2010 appeared, with Shekau being called the new leader of the group.

paragraphs: Shekau is born in Niger and is a Kanuri. He speakes Hausa, Arabic, and English. He has four wives.


title: Moktar Ali Zubeyr

paragraphs: Moktar Ali Zubeyr (, ), born Ahmed Abdi aw-Mohamed; 10 July 1977 – 1 September 2014), also known as "Godane", was a Somali Islamist terrorist. He was the Emir of al-Shabaab from 2009 until 2010 and again from 2011 until his death. The group is known to have ties with terror group al-Qaeda. He got training and fought in Afghanistan.

paragraphs: Zubeyr was born in Hargeisa, Woqooyi Galbeed.

paragraphs: Zubeyr was killed in a U.S. drone airstrike on 1 September 2014 in Hawaay. His death was later confirmed by the Pentagon during the NATO summit in Wales on 6 September.


title: Carl Crawford

paragraphs: Carl Demonte Crawford (born August 5, 1981) is an American professional baseball player. His nickname is "The Perfect Storm". Crawford has played for the Tampa Bay Devil Rays, Tampa Bay Rays, Boston Red Sox, and Los Angeles Dodgers. Crawford plays the position of outfielder. He bats and throws left-handed.

paragraphs: Crawford started his major league career in 2002. Crawford has hit more triples than any other active baseball player.


title: Roy Heather

paragraphs: Roy Heather (20 May 1935 – 3 September 2014) was a British actor. He was best known for his role as the cafe owner Sid in the television series "Only Fools and Horses". He also appeared in "The Bill", "My Family", "Casualty" and "It Ain't Half Hot Mum".

paragraphs: Heather was born in Stoke Poges, Buckinghamshire. He was married to actress Sarah Vernon from 1982 until their divorce in 1987. He was married to Sara Taylor from 10 May 1993 until his death.

paragraphs: Heather died after a long illness on 3 September 2014 in Purbrook, Hampshire, aged 79.


title: Singles (movie)

paragraphs: Singles is a 1992 romantic comedy-drama movie. It was written and directed by Cameron Crowe. The movie stars Bridget Fonda, Campbell Scott, Kyra Sedgwick, and Matt Dillon. The movie was distributed by Warner Bros. studios.

paragraphs: "Singles" tells the story of the romantic lives of a group of young Gen X'ers in Seattle, Washington, during the 1990s grunge music scene. Most of the characters live in a block of apartments. A sign in front of the building advertises "Singles" for rent (single bedroom apartments for one or two people).

paragraphs: "Singles" got positive reviews from the critics. It was released on September 18, 1992.

paragraphs: The movie includes cameos from popular bands in the Seattle music scene, such as Pearl Jam, Alice in Chains, and Soundgarden. Stone Gossard, Jeff Ament, and Eddie Vedder, all in Pearl Jam, appear as members of Matt Dillon's band Citizen Dick. Their parts were made when Pearl Jam was still named Mookie Blaylock and had not yet released an album.

paragraphs: The movie was made at some popular places around Seattle. It includes scenes at Pike Place Fish Market, Gas Works Park, Capitol Hill, and Jimi Hendrix's grave at Greenwood Memorial Park in Renton. The coffee shop that is in many scenes is the now-closed OK Hotel. The apartment building is on the northwest corner of the intersection of East Thomas Street and 19th Ave East.

paragraphs: Most of Matt Dillon's wardrobe in the movie belonged to Pearl Jam bassist Jeff Ament.

paragraphs: Ament made up a list of 'pretend' song titles for the fictional band, Citizen Dick. Chris Cornell then wrote songs for the movie using those titles, and "Spoonman" was one of them. An early acoustic version of the song was made. It can be heard in the background during a scene of the movie. Citizen Dick's song name "Touch Me, I'm Dick" is a parody on the song "Touch Me, I'm Sick" by the Seattle band, Mudhoney.


title: Peter's Friends

paragraphs: Peter's Friends is a 1992 comedy-drama movie. It is about old friends gathering at a New Year's party. Emma Thompson plays Maggie Chester. Imelda Staunton plays Mary. Rita Rudner plays Carol.

paragraphs: This movie was released on September 18, 1992. It got positive reviews from the critics.


title: Ladybugs

paragraphs: Ladybugs is a 1992 sports-comedy movie. It is about a boy named Matthew who cross dresses as a girl named Martha. His mother discovers this, and becomes angry. Jonathan Brandis plays Martha/Matthew. Rodney Dangerfield plays Chester Lee.

paragraphs: This movie got low reviews by the critics. It was, however, a box office success.


title: Mountain man

paragraphs: A mountain man was an explorer, trailblazer, and animal trapper in western North America. They thrived between 1810 and 1880. They were well known throughout the Rocky Mountains region. Famous mountain men include Jim Bridger, Kit Carson, and Jedediah Smith. By the mid 1800s the fur trade was no longer profitable. Furs were no longer popular in European fashion. Many of the mountain men settled into jobs as Army Scouts, wagon train guides and settlers through the lands which they had helped open up. Others, like William Sublette, opened up fort-trading posts along the Oregon Trail for the remaining fur traders and settlers heading west.


title: American Shorthair

paragraphs: The American Shorthair is a breed of cat. This breed was first used as ship's cats that sailed from Europe to North America with early settlers. They kept the ships free of mice and rats and protected the food and cargo. Even the Mayflower carried several cats to hunt the ship’s rats, in 1620. The cats who were still alive after landing in the New World had kittens. Over time, the breed changed so the cats could survive better in their new land and climate.

paragraphs: The American Shorthair is a working cat. It has a large and strong body. It is usually healthy, calm and loving with its owners. This cat is friendly and not shy with strangers. Males weigh eleven to fifteen pounds. Females weigh eight to twelve pounds. It takes three or four years for them to become adult cats. With a good diet and good care, they can live 15 years or longer.

paragraphs: The American Shorthair comes in more than eighty different colors and patterns. These include a brown-patched tabby, a blue-eyed white, shaded silvers, smokes and calicos. Some even come in deep shades of black or brown. Only hybrid cats that are chocolate, sable, lavender, lilac, or a Siamese pattern are not allowed in cat shows.

paragraphs: American Shorthairs are intelligent cats who are interested in what is happening around them. They will watch outdoor birds, other animals and other activity from an inside window perch. These cats are calm but playful. Some enjoy sitting in laps. They get along with children, so they make good family pets. American Shorthairs are social cats, but still like to have their own way. They use their hunting skills to catch insects or pests that come into the house.

paragraphs: In the early 20th century, a breeding program was started to develop the best qualities of these cats who came from Europe. Before, there had not been a lot of mixed breeds that had the American Shorthair background.

paragraphs: The American Shorthair cat now has standards set by cat fanciers of the breed. The breed is accepted by all North American cat registries. In 1966, the breed was given the name "American Shorthair". This was to separate the pure breed cat from the many mixed domestic short-haired cats that live all over North America. All these short haired cats are called "working cats" because they were used to catch rodents on ships and farms.


title: Waris Shah

paragraphs: Hazrat Syed Waris Shah (1722-1798) was a Sufi poet of Punjab (now in Pakistan).

paragraphs: He is famous for writing a beautiful poem "Heer", about an old love story.


title: Lynching of Jesse Washington

paragraphs: Jesse Washington was lynched in Waco, Texas, on May 15, 1916. Washington was a teenage African American who worked on a farm. The event became a well-known example of racially motivated lynching. Washington was accused of raping and killing Lucy Fryer. Fryer was the wife of Washington's white boss in rural Robinson, Texas. No one saw Washington commit the crime. During his interrogation by the McLennan County sheriff, he signed a confession and described the location of the weapon used to kill Fryer.

paragraphs: Washington was tried for murder in Waco. There were angry locals in the courtroom. Washington pleaded guilty and was quickly sentenced to death. Washington was dragged out of the court by observers and lynched in front of Waco's city hall. Over 10,000 people, including city officials and police, gathered to watch the attack. People enjoyed the attack, many children attended the event. Members of the mob removed his testicles, cut off his fingers, and hung him over a bonfire. Washington was lowered and raised over the fire for about two hours. The fire was extinguished and his burnt torso was dragged through the town. Parts of his body were sold as souvenirs. Pictures of the event were taken by a professional photographer. This provided rare pictures of a lynching while the event was going on. These pictures were printed and sold as postcards in Waco.

paragraphs: Lynching was supported by many Waco residents. It was, however, not supported by newspapers around the United States. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) hired Elisabeth Freeman to investigate. Freeman gathered many details, despite that many residents did not want to talk about what had happened. After receiving Freeman's report, NAACP co-founder and editor W. E. B. Du Bois published an in-depth report featuring photographs of Washington's burnt body in "The Crisis". The NAACP also featured his death in their anti-lynching campaign. Waco was known as a modern and a progressive city. However, the lynching demonstrated that the city did not mind racial violence. The event was nicknamed the "Waco horror". The city then gained a reputation for racism. City leaders tried to stop violence several times in the following decades.

paragraphs: Historians believe that Washington's death helped change the way people view lynching. The media attention the event received made people become against lynching. It was seen as "barbarism" (ruthless) rather than as an acceptable form of justice. In the 1990s and 2000s, some Waco residents wanted a monument for the event. The idea did not gain support in the city.


title: Kanjar

paragraphs: The Kanjar are a nomadic tribe or group of people of North India, Kashmir and Pakistan. The Mirasi tribes are also probably related to them. These people are also sometimes called by the names of Nath, Banchra and Gashtay. These names are not nice ones, they mean to show that these people are inferior.

paragraphs: In old times, most of the Kanjar people used to live in jungles or forests. They used to hunt wild animals to eat and also keep some goats, cows and Water buffaloes for their meat and milk. Many of them still live like nomads, moving from place to place but some have started to live in towns and cities. Some of them are Hindu and some are Muslims. They are mostly very poor people and do all the dirty jobs that rich people won't do.

paragraphs: In Lahore, Pakistan, and in parts of Kashmir, many Kanjar women are sold by their families to become prostitutes. They go and live in brothels in the Heera Mandi. Many men will go there to have sex with these poor women for money, but no one will marry them. They think they are 'unclean' or bad.


title: Fouzia Saeed

paragraphs: Dr Fouzia Saeed (born 1959) is a Pakistani social activist. She is from Lahore, Punjab, in Pakistan. She helps poor women and has written some books about some of these women.


title: Sulejman Tihić

paragraphs: Sulejman Tihić (26 November 1951 – 25 September 2014) was a Bosnian politician. He was a leading member of Party of Democratic Action (SDA). He was chairman of the House of Peoples of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 14 November 2007 to 14 July 2008. Tihić was born in the town of Bosanski Šamac in northern Bosnia.

paragraphs: On the 25th September, Tihić died from a long and severe disease, aged 62.


title: Jorge Batlle Ibáñez

paragraphs: Jorge Luis Batlle Ibáñez (; "Batlle"; 25 October 1927 – 24 October 2016) was an Uruguayan politician and lawyer. He was a member of the Colorado Party. He served as the President of Uruguay from 2000 to 2005. He was thought to be one of the most popular presidents of Uruguay.

paragraphs: Ibáñez died on the night of 24 October 2016 at a hospital in Montevideo, Uruguay from a cerebral hemorrhage after falling during an interview. He died one day short from his 89th birthday.


title: Batman & Robin: The Chiller

paragraphs: Batman & Robin: The Chiller was a dual track looping shuttle roller coaster designed by Premier Rides. It operated at Six Flags Great Adventure in Jackson, New Jersey, from 1997 to 2007. It had a large number of maintenance problems. Six Flags removed the ride from the park in fall 2007. It is currently in storage at Beto Carrero World in Brazil.


title: Ulrick Chérubin

paragraphs: Ulrick Chérubin (December 24, 1943 — September 25, 2014) was a Canadian politician. He was mayor of Amos, Quebec from 2002 until his death in 2014. He was one of the first Black Canadians to be elected a mayor in Quebec. Chérubin was born in Jacmel, Haiti.

paragraphs: Chérubin died in Amos, Quebec, Canada, aged 70.


title: Amos, Quebec

paragraphs: Amos is a town in Quebec. It is northwest from the Harricana River. It is the seat of Abitibi Regional County Municipality. As of 2011, the population of Amos was 12,871.


title: Anarkali Bazaar

paragraphs: Anarkali Bazaar or Anarkali Market is an old style market in Lahore, Pakistan.

paragraphs: The word 'Anarkali' means 'Pomegranate Blossom'. According to a legend, this was the name of a beautiful dancing-girl. She fell in love with the Mughal prince Selim (who later became the Emperor Jahangir). But the prince's father, the old Emperor Akbar, did not like the girl. So he had the girl arrested and punished. She died and was buried near a bazaar or market. Later, when prince Selim became Emperor he named the bazaar after her. Today, there is an old tomb near there. Jahangir built it in 1615. People say this is the tomb of the real Anarkali, but no one is certain. Another famous tomb near Anarkali Bazaar is Sultan Qutb-ud-din Aibak's tomb

paragraphs: Today, the Anarkali Bazaar is one of the best shopping areas in all of South Asia. Women love to go there because it has excellent clothes, shoes and jewelry shops. There are some nice places to eat there, too. It is open most days from 9 in the morning to 11 at night. There are always many lights and music playing there. There is also a lot of traffic.


title: Hazara University

paragraphs: The Hazara University is a public university located in Dhodial town, Mansehra District, Hazara Division, Pakistan. The University has three main faculties: Science, Arts and Humanities and Health Sciences. It offers BA, MA, MPhil and PhD study programs.

paragraphs: The university was founded in 2002; It started work with very few resources and one small building for studies and a small administration block.

paragraphs: In the beginning, the university had many problems and until 2004 or 2005 mostly boys joined it to study, very few women were allowed by their families to go there. This was because it was in a very conservative area where women were not encouraged to study. Slowly, more and more women started to join this university to get higher education. Today, there are almost around 3000 women studying here and they have changed the attitudes of local people a lot.


title: Taxila

paragraphs: Taxila is an ancient town in Punjab, Taxila Tehsil, Pakistan. At one time, it was also part of the Indo-Greek Kingdom.

paragraphs: It is famous today because of a museum of Buddhist antiques nearby. There are also some old ruins of the Gandhara Buddhist civilization there. Another famous place near this town is the Nicholson Memorial a monument in memory of a British officer John Nicholson.


title: Karl Miller

paragraphs: Karl Fergus Connor Miller (2 August 1931 – 24 September 2014) was a British literary editor, critic and writer. He was a founding editor of the London Review of Books from 1979 until 1992. Before this, he was an editor of "The Listener" magazine from 1963 until 1973. He later reviewed works by writers such as J. G. Ballard, Robert Burns, Graham Greene, Ted Hughes and Ian McEwan for "The Times Literary Supplement".

paragraphs: Miller was born in the small town of Straiton, Loanhead in Midlothian to the south of Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland. He studied in both Edinburgh and at Downing College of the University of Cambridge. He was married to Jane Collet. They had three children: two sons, Daniel and Sam, and a daughter, Georgia.

paragraphs: Miller died on 24 September 2014 at his home in North London, aged 83.


title: Jack Laviolette

paragraphs: John "Jack" Laviolette (July 17, 1879 – January 9, 1960) was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman and winger. Laviolette played 9 seasons with the Montreal Canadiens hockey club. During his time with them, he became their first captain, coach, and general manager. He won the Stanley Cup with the Canadiens in 1916.

paragraphs: He was born in Belleville, Ontario but grew up in Valleyfield, Quebec. Laviolette was one of the first stars in hockey to be francophone. When the National Hockey Association (NHA) formed in December 1909, (which was replaced 7 years later by the NHL), team/league owner Ambrose O'Brien asked Laviolette to put together a team made up of French Canadian players and play as the "Les Canadiens" franchise in Montreal. Laviolette was able to complete the task in time for the NHA's first season. Some of the first players that were signed to the team were future hall of famers Newsy Lalonde, Didier Pitre and Georges Vezina. The team that he had put together would go on to become the most successful franchise in professional hockey. In 1918, Laviolette lost his right foot in an automobile accident. The accident would end his playing career. There was a benefit game that was held for Laviolette at the Mount Royal Arena in 1921, which Laviolette was the guest of honour and also refereed.

paragraphs: In 1960, he was inducted into Canada's Sports Hall of Fame as a lacrosse player and was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1962.


title: Alexander Mosaic

paragraphs: The Alexander Mosaic is a Roman floor mosaic from the House of the Faun in Pompeii. It was made in 100 BC. It shows a battle between the armies of Alexander the Great and Darius III of Persia. It measures 2.72 x 5.13m (8 ft 11in x 16 ft 9in). The original is at the Naples National Archaeological Museum. The mosaic is based on a 3rd-century BC Hellenistic painting, by Philoxenos of Eretria.

paragraphs: The mosaic shows the Battle of Issus, between Alexander and Darius. Alexander won the Battle of Issus. Alexander won again two years later at the Battle of Gaugamela.

paragraphs: The two main figures are easy to see. Darius has a worried expression on his face. The Persian soldiers have a stern look.

paragraphs: The mosaic was found again on October 24, 1831 in Pompeii. It was moved to Naples in September 1843. It is in the Museo Archeologico Nazionale.

paragraphs: In 2003 the "International Center for the Study and Teaching of Mosaic" (CISIM) in Ravenna, Italy, wanted to make a copy of the mosaic. The mosaic master Severo Bignami and his eight-person team took a large photograph of the mosaic. It took them 22 months to make a copy of the mosaic. The copy was put in the House of the Faun in 2005.


title: TMZ

paragraphs: TMZ is an American celebrity news website. It launched on November 8, 2005. The managing editor is Harvey Levin. The name TMZ stands for thirty-mile zone after the historic "studio zone" at the intersection of West Beverly Boulevard and North La Cienega Boulevard in Los Angeles, California.

paragraphs: The infotainment website was made as a project with AOL and Warner Bros., but is now solely owned by Warner Bros. as of 2009. TMZ claims that pay for stories and/or interviews. However, Levin said that TMZ does "sometimes pay sources for leads on stories".

paragraphs: A syndicated television show, "TMZ on TV", launched on September 10, 2007.


title: Glock

paragraphs: The Glock pistol is a series of polymer-framed semi-automatic pistols. They are designed and produced by Glock Ges.m.b.H. in Deutsch-Wagram, Austria. It entered Austrian Armed Forces and police service by 1982. Different models use different ammunition.

paragraphs: There was resistance from the market to accept a "plastic gun", but this was overcome. Glock pistols have become the company's most profitable line of products, with 65% of the market share of handguns for United States law enforcement agencies.They also supply many national armed forces and security agencies around the world. Glocks are also popular firearms amongst civilians in the U.S, for recreational and competition shooting, and for home or self defense.


title: Jonathan Coulton

paragraphs: Jonathan Coulton is an American alternative rock singer-songwriter. He is known for his songs about geek culture. His album "Artificial Heart" hit #1 on the Billboard Top Heatseeker Chart.


title: Nicholson Memorial

paragraphs: The Nicholson Memorial is a monument in the Margalla Hills, near the town of Taxila, Pakistan. It is in the shape of an obelisk. It was made in 1868 in memory of a British Indian officer John Nicholson, who once used to be in charge of this area. This officer died in the Indian Rebellion of 1857.


title: Marc LaBelle

paragraphs: Marc Labelle (born December 20, 1969) was a NHL hockey player for the Dallas Stars. He played from 1996-1997. He also played for the El Paso Buzzards in the WPHL league. He was born in Maniwaki, Canada and is 44 years old. He shoots left handed. He went undrafted and signed by the Montreal Canadiens in 1991. He wore number 27 jersey for the Dallas Stars.


title: Enemy at the Gates

paragraphs: Enemy at the Gates is a 2001 American-French war drama movie with Jude Law and Ed Harris starring. Joseph Fiennes is also in the film.


title: Shirali Muslimov

paragraphs: Shirail Muslimov (March 26, 1805-September 2, 1973) claimed to be the oldest person who ever lived. He died at the age of 168. This was 46 years older than Jeanne Calment, a French supercentenarian. She has been confirmed as being the oldest person who ever lived. Muslimov got pneumonia in 1972 and died in 1973. As the only evidence of his age Muslimov had a passport issued in 1939. It showed him to have been born in the village of Barzavu in 1805. He claims to have five generations of descendants.

paragraphs: According to legend, Muslimov worked hard every day, up to 167 years. He did not smoke or drink. He ate fruits, vegetables, wholemeal bread, chicken broth, cheese and yogurt. He had several wives through his lifetime. Muslimov became ill with pneumonia between 1972 and 1973, but survived only to die later in 1973. Muslimov's story was picked up in 1973 by National Geographic Magazine. The article told that on the occasion he still rode horses and tended an orchard planted in the 1870s. National Geographic later recanted on the claim. The same story was told by the Guinness Book of World Records, stated as unconfirmed along with other similar claims. According to National Geographic, he had an 120-year-old wife whom he had married 102 years earlier. However according to his obituary, published by Time magazine, he was survived by his 107-year-old third wife.

paragraphs: The case of Muslimov became known in 1963. This is when a young photojournalist of TASS, Kalman Kaspiev, went to Barzavu to interview the centenarian. The story was picked up by the Soviet press, by the National Geographic, and by the Dannon company, which for promotional reasons suggested that the long life of Muslimov was linked to a diet of yogurt.

paragraphs: Some Gerontologists doubt his and other similar claims of extreme old age that come from this area. Analysis of Soviet census records show the lifespan in this area is no more than the expected 115 years for all other populations. Muslimov is one of several men to claim extreme longevity. There are twice as many super-long-lived men as women in this area. This is the opposite of all other populations where women usually outlive men. While there are no accurate records to prove his age, his story captured public attention.


title: Conker: Live & Reloaded

paragraphs: Conker: Live and Reloaded (originally known as Conker: Live and Uncut, but it was actually more censored) is a platform game on the original Xbox. The game is a remake of the N64 game "Conker's Bad Fur Day".

paragraphs: The game has much better graphics, thanks to the Xbox's superior hardware. It has new enemies. It has a few changes in design. It has an improved multiplayer mode which supports System Link as well as Local Play and Solo with bots. It also supported Xbox Live before the original Xbox lost support for Xbox Live.

paragraphs: The game does not have some profanity that was in the original game.


title: True Lies

paragraphs: True Lies is a 1994 action movie. The movie is about a computer salesman who does covert missions for the United States government. Arnold Schwarzenegger plays Harry. Jamie Lee Curtis plays Helen. Tom Arnold plays Albert. Eliza Dushku plays Dana.

paragraphs: This movie got positive reviews from the critics. It made a lot of money. "True Lies" was the first movie made with a budget of over $100 million dollars.


title: Madis Kõiv

paragraphs: Madis Kõiv (5 December 1929 – 24 September 2014) was an Estonian writer and physicist. His first published work was a play called "Küüni täitmine" ("Filling the Hay Barn"). Kõiv was also the author of several novels. "Widow" and "Aporia of Attica, Tragedy of Elea" are two of his best known works. He was born in Tartu, Estonia.


title: Stephen Sykes

paragraphs: Stephen Whitefield Sykes (1 August 1939 – 25 September 2014) was the Church of England Bishop of Ely and held professorial chairs in divinity at both Durham University and Cambridge University. He retired as Principal of St John's College, Durham at the end of August 2006.


title: Heavy Heavy Low Low

paragraphs: Heavy Heavy Low Low is an American mathcore band formed in 2004.


title: Dorothy Tyler-Odam

paragraphs: Dorothy Jennifer Beatrice Tyler (née Odam; 14 March 1920 – 25 September 2014) was a British athlete. She competed mainly in the high jump. She won two silver medals at the Summer Olympic Games. One at the 1936 Summer Olympics held in Berlin, Germany, and the other at the 1948 Summer Olympics held in London. She was the first British woman to win an Olympic athletics medal herself. She later went on to win a gold medal at two British Empire Games; one in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (1938), and the other in Auckland, New Zealand (1950). In 2012, she was a starting runner at the London Marathon.

paragraphs: Tyler-Odam was born in Stockwell, London. In 2009, at the age of 89, she was made a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE).

paragraphs: Tyler-Odam died after a long illness on 25 September 2014, aged 94.


title: Rudolf Kortokraks

paragraphs: Rudolf Kortokraks (8 July 1928 – 11 September 2014) was a German-Austrian painter. His work mainly featured still life (most often flowers), landscapes, cities and portraits.

paragraphs: He held exhibition between 1949 and 2014. His first one-man exhibit took place in 1951. During his art career, he worked in mainly Germany and Austria, as well as the United Kingdom, the United States, Italy and Mexico. In 2012, a documentary movie about Kortokraks was released in Austria.

paragraphs: Kortokraks was born in Ludwigshafen, Rhineland-Palatinate. He studied in Graz in 1941, before moving to Austria. He lived and worked in Salzburg.

paragraphs: Kortokraks died on 11 September 2014 in Hallein, Salzburg. He was 86.


title: Naples National Archaeological Museum

paragraphs: The Naples National Archaeological Museum ("Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli", MANN) is a museum in Naples. The museum has a large display of Roman artifacts from Pompeii, Stabiae and Herculaneum. The display has works made in Greek, Roman and Renaissance times. It is known as the most important Italian archaeological museum.

paragraphs: Charles III of Spain started the museum in the 1750s. The building was used to house soldiers in the 18th century.


title: The Battle Hymn of the Republic

paragraphs: "The Battle Hymn of the Republic" (also known as "Mine Eyes Have Seen the Glory" outside of the United States), is a song by American writer and poet Julia Ward Howe (1819–1910).

paragraphs: Howe's lyrics were written in November 1861 and first published in "The Atlantic Monthly" in February 1862. She was paid $4.00 for the song. It is based on the music from the song "John Brown's Body". It was made famous by Charles Cardwell McCabe, a Union Army chaplain during the American Civil War. He sang it in front of President Abraham Lincoln who stood and asked to hear it a second time. It quickly became the unofficial anthem of the Union. Since that time, it has become a popular and well-known American patriotic song.


title: House of the Faun

paragraphs: The House of the Faun (), was built in the 2nd century BC. It was a large private home in Pompeii, Italy. It has many great works of art. It is a fancy aristocratic house from the Roman republic. The house shows the time period better than most archaeological things in Rome itself.


title: Łobez

paragraphs: Łobez (German: "Labes") is a town in Pomerania, northwestern Poland. It has 10,066 inhabitants (2019). Situated on the Rega river, it is the capital of Łobez County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship.


title: Philoxenos of Eretria

paragraphs: Philoxenus of Eretria was a painter from Eretria. He was the student of Nicomachus of Thebes. Philoxenus copied his speed in painting. He found new and fast ways of painting. Pliny said a picture Philoxenus painted was the best painting. It was of a battle of Alexander the Great with Darius. He painted it for King Cassander. The same subject was used in the Alexander Mosaic in the House of the Faun, in Pompeii.


title: Darius III of Persia

paragraphs: Darius III (c. 380 – July 330 BC) was first named Artashata. He was called Codomannus by the Greeks. Darius III was the last king of the Achaemenid Empire of Persia. He ruled from 336 BC to 330 BC. Artashata took "Darius" as his dynastic name.


title: Carlotta Ikeda

paragraphs: Sanae "Carlotta" Ikeda (; 19 February 1941 – 24 September 2014) was a Japanese butoh dancer. She started her career in the early 1960s. She first became a member of the butoh group Dairakudakan in the early 1970s. She founded the Ariadone Company, an all-female butoh dance troupe, with Kô Murobushi in 1974.

paragraphs: Ikeda was born in Fukui, Fukui Prefecture. At the age of 19, she graduated from a dance school in Tokyo. Her stage name was in honour of Italian ballet dancer Carlotta Grisi. In the 1980s, she moved to Paris, France.

paragraphs: Ikeda died from liver cancer on 24 September 2014 in Bordeaux, aged 73.


title: Anarkali (girl)

paragraphs: Anarkali (meaning Pomegranate blossom) was the name of a legendary dancing girl. She is said to have lived in Lahore (now in Pakistan) in the time of the Mughal Emperor Akbar. She fell in love with prince Selim (who later became the Emperor Jahangir) but was punished by his father, Akbar. She is supposed to have died in Lahore and it is said her grave is also there. The famous Anarkali Bazaar in Lahore was named after her.


title: Imtiaz Ali Taj

paragraphs: Syed Imtiaz Ali Taj (1900-1970) was a famous playwright from Lahore (now in Pakistan).

paragraphs: He is specially famous for his play "Anarkali" (1922) about the life and love of the dancing-girl of Mughal times, Anarkali.

paragraphs: This play was later adapted and made into a number of films about the story of Anarkali.


title: Anna (Disney)

paragraphs: Anna is a princess from Disney's movie, "Frozen". For most of the movie, she is voiced by Kristen Bell. However, "Young Anna" is voiced by Livvy Stubenrauch. Anna has an older sister named Elsa (voiced by Idina Menzel), who can create anything with snow and ice.

paragraphs: This is what the official "Frozen" website says about Anna:

paragraphs: "Anna (voice of Kristen Bell) is more daring than graceful and, at times, can act before she thinks. But she's also the most optimistic and caring person you'll ever meet."

paragraphs: In the movie, Anna meets a prince named Hans. She wants to marry him. Then, even though it is summer, Elsa freezes everything. Anna has to find Elsa and make her bring back the summer. Soon she meets another man named Kristoff who likes ice and helps Anna find Elsa.


title: Aruviyodu Village

paragraphs: Aruviyodu Village is a hilly hamlet near the river Neyyar in India. It is down south in Neyyattinkara in the district of Thiruvananthapuram. It comes under Kunnathukal Panchayath. It belongs to South Kerala Division. It is located east of the district headquarters in Thiruvananthapuram. It is from Perumkadavila.

paragraphs: Aruviyodu is surrounded by Neyyattinkara Taluk towards the west, Parassala towards the south, Melpuram Taluk towards South, Munchira Taluk towards the south. This Place is in the border of the Thiruvananthapuram District and Kanniyakumari District.

paragraphs: The Dhanuvachapuram Railway Station and Amaravila Halt Railway Station are near Aruviyodu. The Trivandrum Central Railway Station is major railway station 26 km from Aruviyodu.


title: Château de Meudon

paragraphs: The Château de Meudon was a former royal residence in France. It is most commonly associated with the "Grand Dauphin" the only son of Louis XIV who made it his personal residence. However, on the death of the Dauphin the property reverted to the crown and was used by the famous Duchess of Berry (a granddaughter of Louis XIV) and was later ignored under Louis XV and Louis XVI, but became the official residence of the King of Rome from 1812, and was occupied by Jérôme Bonaparte under the First Empire. The main building was largely destroyed in a fire in 1871, and it is now the site of the Observatoire de Paris-Meudon.

paragraphs: There was originally a small manor on the site which was given to the Duchess of Étampes, a mistress of Francis I of France. The family remodelled the building in around 1540 when the property was given to the "Cardinal de Lorraine". At the Cardinal's death in 1574, Meudon reverted to the House of Guise until 1654. In 1679, the château was sold by Servien's heir to Louvois, the minister of Louis XIV, who continued to improve it inside and out, until his death in 1691. Above all, he commissioned André Le Nôtre to construct grand gardens and fountains fed by elaborate hydraulic works. In June 1695, Louis XIV purchased Meudon from the widow of Louvois, with the intention of installing his only legitimate child le Grand Dauphin in the premises. A brilliant period followed. The Dauphin employed "Jules Hardouin-Mansart". Following the death of the Dauphin the property was briefly used by his son Louis, Duke of Burgundy, Dauphin of France. It was then later given to the Duchess of Berry in 1718.

paragraphs: Louis XV employed Meudon as a hunting lodge. Although his mistress, Madame de Pompadour, was installed in the nearby Château de Bellevue, Meudon was eclipsed in his favour by the Château de Choisy. Meudon declined further under Louis XVI, the parterres overgrown, the basins emptied, the park let piecemeal to tenant farmers.

paragraphs: In 1870, the terraces of Meudon were part of the strategic defenses of Paris in the Franco-Prussian War, and the château, damaged by shelling,[6] was occupied by Prussian forces. Forty-eight hours after the signing of the armistice, in January 1871, Meudon caught fire. It burned for three days, until only some exterior walls were left standing


title: Ronald Reagan 1980 presidential campaign

paragraphs: Ronald Reagan, the 33rd Governor of California, announced his candidacy for President of the United States in New York City on November 13, 1979. On July 17, 1980, he became the nominee of the Republican Party for the 1980 presidential election. William J. Casey managed Reagan's campaign.

paragraphs: The slogan of his campaign were ""Are You Better Off Than You Were Four Years Ago?"" and ""Make America Great Again"".

paragraphs: After winning the Republican nomination, he selected one of his opponents in the primary elections, George H. W. Bush, to be his running mate (vice president candidate).

paragraphs: On November 4, 1980, Reagan won 44 states and 489 electoral votes to win the election. Jimmy Carter, the then-current president, carried six states, as well as Washington, D.C., and won 49 electoral votes. Reagan won 50.7 percent of the popular vote, Carter took 41 percent, and Independent John B. Anderson (a liberal Republican) received 6.7 percent.

paragraphs: Reagan's election as President was completed with the meeting of the Electoral College on December 15, 1980, and with the college's vote by the Joint session of Congress on January 6, 1981.

paragraphs: Reagan was inaugurated on January 20, 1981.


title: Reagan Democrat

paragraphs: Reagan Democrat is an American political saying that was used by analysts showing how Democratic voters would support Republican President Ronald Reagan rather than Jimmy Carter or Walter Mondale. This was said during both the 1980 and 1984 elections. It is also used for George H. W. Bush in the 1988 election.


title: Thomas Starr King

paragraphs: Thomas Starr King (December 17, 1824 – March 4, 1864) was an American Unitarian minister. Many people think he influenced California politics during the American Civil War. He was a Freemason. Starr King spoke in favor of the Union.


title: Bruce Rauner

paragraphs: Bruce Vincent Rauner (born February 18, 1957) is an American businessman and politician. He was the 42nd Governor of Illinois from 2015 to 2019. He defeated Pat Quinn on November 4, 2014. Rauner is the Chairman of R8 Capital Partners and the former Chairman of the private equity firm GTCR.

paragraphs: Rauner ran for re-election in the 2018 election, but lost to Democrat billionaire J. B. Pritzker.


title: Rifai

paragraphs: The Rifai Sufi order or "Tariqah" was established by Hazrat Sheikh Ahmed Ar-Rifai in Iraq. Later on, it spread to other parts of the world. It has a big presence in Turkey and Eastern Europe today.


title: Ahmed Ar-Rifai

paragraphs: Hazrat Sheikh Ahmed Ar-Rifai (1118-1182) was a Sufi master and saint. He founded the Rifai Sufi order.

paragraphs: He was born in the Hasen region of Iraq. He died and was buried in Northern Iraq near Tal Afar. His shrine is respected by most Muslims, Shia or Sunni. However, in 2014, this shrine was destroyed by the ISIS terrorists.


title: Fakir Family

paragraphs: The Fakir Family or Fakir Khana family is an old family of Lahore, now in Pakistan. They are famous for having made the Fakir Khana Museum in the old walled city of Lahore.

paragraphs: The family is of Syed origins. They first became famous in the Mughal times. Later, two members Fakir Syed Azizuddin and Fakir Syed Nooruddin were ministers of the Punjab government in the time of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. They were also respected by the British rulers.


title: James Traficant

paragraphs: James Anthony "Jim" Traficant, Jr. (May 8, 1941 – September 27, 2014) was an American politician. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio. He represented the 17th Congressional District from 1985 until 2002. He was a member of the Democratic Party from 1981 until 2010, and was independent from 2010 until his death.

paragraphs: Traficant was arrested and imprisoned. He was convicted of taking bribes, filing false tax returns, racketeering, and forcing his aides to perform chores at his farm in Ohio and Washington, D.C. houseboat. He was released on September 2, 2007, after serving seven years.

paragraphs: Traficant was born in Youngstown, Ohio. He was raised in a Roman Catholic family. He was of mostly Italian and Slovak ancestry. He was married to Patricia "Tish" Choppa Traficant.

paragraphs: Traficant died after suffering suffering a heart attack causing a tractor accident on September 27, 2014 at his home in Youngstown. He was 73.


title: Eugie Foster

paragraphs: Eugie K. Foster (December 30, 1971 – September 27, 2014) was an American short story writer, columnist, and editor. She won the Nebula Award in 2009. Her works have been added into a number of magazines and book anthologies. These include "Fantasy Magazine", "Realms of Fantasy", "Orson Scott Card's InterGalactic Medicine Show", and "Interzone". Some of her short stories, "Returning My Sister's Face" and "Other Far Eastern Tales of Whimsy and Malice", was published in 2009.

paragraphs: Foster was born in Urbana, Illinois. She was married to Matthew M. Foster.

paragraphs: Foster died from respiratory failure caused by lymphoma on September 27, 2014 in Atlanta, Georgia. She was 42.


title: Ewan Davies

paragraphs: David Evans George "Ewan" Davies (23 June 1887 – 2 September 1979) was a Welsh international rugby union player. He won two caps for the Wales national rugby union team. He played club rugby for Cardiff RFC and London Welsh RFC. He also played county rugby for Middlesex. Later he was a solicitor and a businessman. Davies owned a chain of movie theatres.

paragraphs: Davies was born in Cardiff in 1887. He went to Cardiff High School. He went to Llandovery College and the University College London. He studied law. He became a solicitor. He owned a group of movie theatres. In 1931 he built the Plaza Cinema in Swansea. It was the biggest movie theatre in Wales.

paragraphs: Davies wanted to be a politician. He ran two times as a Liberal candidate. He did not win. He owned land in Pembrokeshire. He raised Hereford cattle.

paragraphs: Davies played rugby in high school. He joined the first class Welsh team Cardiff RFC during the 1910-11 season. He stayed with the club for three seasons. He played 37 games. He played wing at Cardiff. He scored 27 tries.

paragraphs: Davies was picked for the Wales national rugby union team at the 1912 Five Nations Championship. He played wing in the game with England at Twickenham. Wales lost the match 8-0. He was not picked for the next two games. He was picked again for the last match of the championship. It was a home game with France at Rodney Parade in Newport. His team was losing the game 6-8 down at half-time. They played well in the second half. Davies team won the game 14-8. Davies scored two of the four tries. It was his last international game.


title: Jaroslav Halák

paragraphs: Jaroslav Halák (born May 13, 1985) is a Slovak ice hockey goaltender. He currently plays for the New York Islanders of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also played for the Montreal Canadiens, St. Louis Blues, and Washington Capitals.

paragraphs: Before playing in the NHL, Halák played 9 games with Bratislava in the Slovak Junior league, 12 games with HC Slovan Bratislava of the Slovak Extraliga and 47 games with the Lewiston Maineiacs of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL). He was drafted with the 271st overall pick by the Montreal Canadiens in the 2003 NHL Entry Draft. Before he played with the Canadiens, he would play for their AHL-affiliate Hamilton Bulldogs.

paragraphs: After Canadiens starting goaltender Cristobal Huet suffered an injury, Halák was called up on February 15, 2007. During the time of his callup, Halák had recorded a 2.00 goals against average (GAA) with the Bulldogs, which was the lowest in the AHL. He played his first NHL game with the Canadiens on February 18, 2007. He stopped 31 shots and earned a 3–2 road win over the Columbus Blue Jackets. He earned his first career NHL shutout on March 20, 2007. For the shutout, he made thirty saves to keep the rival Boston Bruins off the board with a 1–0 victory. For most of the 2007–08 season, he played for the Bulldogs. After the Canadiens traded Huet, Halák was called up to be the full-time back-up goaltender. His first playoff start was on April 30, 2008 against the Philadelphia Flyers which ended in a 4-2 loss.

paragraphs: Halák was named as the Canadiens' Molson Cup Player of the Year for the 2009–10 season and he was also named as the starter heading into the first-round playoff match-up against the President's Trophy-winning Washington Capitals. In the sixth game of the series, He stopped 53 shots to set a team record for a playoff game (in regulation-time) and lead the Canadiens to a 4–1 victory. Ultimately, the Canadiens overcame a 3–1 series deficit to win the series in seven games, marking one of the biggest upsets in NHL history.

paragraphs: The Canadiens traded Halák on June 17, 2010 to the St. Louis Blues for Lars Eller and Ian Schultz. He played his first game with the Blues on October 9, 2010 where he earned a 2–1 overtime victory over the Philadelphia Flyers. Halák would collect his first shutout with the Blues on October 23, 2010 at home against the Pittsburgh Penguins, stopping 31 shots in a 1–0 overtime victory. In the 2011–2012 NHL season, Halak won the William M. Jennings Trophy with Brian Elliott for allowing the fewest amount of goals (165 collectively) in the regular season.

paragraphs: On February 28, 2014, before the 2013–14 trade deadline, Halák along with Chris Stewart, William Carrier, a first-round draft pick in 2015 and a conditional third-round draft pick in 2014 to the Buffalo Sabres for Ryan Miller and Steve Ott. Halák however did not play a game for the Sabres and was traded along with a third round draft pick to the Washington Capitals for Michal Neuvirth and Rostislav Klesla at the trade deadline.

paragraphs: On May 1, 2014, when he became a pending unrestricted free agent, his rights were traded by the Capitals to the New York Islanders for a 4th round pick in the 2014 Entry Draft. On May 22, 2014, the Islanders signed him to a four-year contract worth $18 million.


title: Michael McCarty

paragraphs: Michael McCarty (September 7, 1946 – September 26, 2014) was an American movie, television, and stage actor. He was known for his roles in "Casper" (1995), "Dead Man" (1995), and in "The Legend of Bagger Vance" (2000). He was born in Evansville, Indiana.

paragraphs: McCarty died in Santa Barbara, California from heart failure after traveling there for a stage production. He was 68 years old.


title: Sam Hall (writer)

paragraphs: Sam Hall (born Allison Samuel Hall, March 11, 1921 – September 26, 2014) was an American screenwriter. He is known for his work in daytime soap operas. He wrote for "Dark Shadows" (from 1967-1971) and "One Life to Live" (from 1978–84). Hall was born in Carrollton, Ohio.

paragraphs: Hall is married to actress Grayson Hall. She was nominated for an Academy Award. She appeared on both daytime shows. She was Dr. Julia Hoffman on "Dark Shadows". She played Euphemia Ralston on "One Life to Live".

paragraphs: Sam Hall died on September 26, 2014 after a short illness of pneumonia. He was 93 when he died.


title: Mario Maurer

paragraphs: Mario Maurer (, , born December 4, 1988) is a Thai model and actor. He started modeling at age 16. He got fame for his acting in the 2007 film, "The Love of Siam" and the 2010 sleeper hit, "First Love". He was the lead star of Thailand's highest grossing movie of all time.

paragraphs: Maurer's interests include skateboarding, hip-hop, and cars. He is of Thai Chinese and German descent. He cannot speak German. He only understands some Mandarin. He is a native speaker of Thai. He speaks English well. He converted to Roman Catholicism from Buddhism. On June 27, 2011, his father Roland died of a heart attack resulting from diabetes. He is close to his older brother. His brother is a hip-hop artist and actor. He was in a relationship with actress Gubgib Sumontip. They ended their nine year relationship in January 2013.


title: Colisée Pepsi

paragraphs: The Colisée Pepsi (English: Pepsi Coliseum), formerly the Colisée de Québec (English: Quebec Coliseum) is a multi-purpose arena in Quebec City, Quebec. The arena opened on December 8, 1949, and is the current home to the Quebec Remparts of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL). It was also the home of the Quebec Nordiques of the World Hockey Association (WHA) and National Hockey League (NHL) from 1972 until 1995 when they relocated to Denver, Colorado to become the Avalanche.

paragraphs: The 1971 Memorial Cup championship series was hosted at the arena and saw the Remparts defeat the Edmonton Oil Kings two games to none. The first game of the 1974 Summit Series between the Canadian WHA all-stars and the Soviet national team was held at the Coliseum, as well as one game in each of the 1976 and 1991 Canada Cups.


title: Takako Doi

paragraphs: Doi was born in Kobe, Hyōgo Prefecture. She graduated from Doshisha University, where she studied law.

paragraphs: Doi died from pneumonia on 20 September 2014 in Hyōgo Prefecture, aged 85.


title: Jackie Cain

paragraphs: Jacqueline Ruth "Jackie" Cain (May 22, 1928 – September 15, 2014) was an American jazz vocalist. She known for being one half of the Jackie and Roy duo with her husband Roy Kral for over fifty years. The group was active from 1946 until Kral's death in 2002. The released a around 35 albums between 1949 and 1999. The group was described as "the most famous vocal duo in jazz history" by Douglas Martin of "The New York Times".

paragraphs: Cain was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. She married Kral in 1949. They had two daughters: Niki, who died in a car accident in 1973, and Dana.

paragraphs: Cain died from stroke-related problems on September 15, 2014 in Montclair, New Jersey. She was 86.


title: Petr Skoumal

paragraphs: Petr Skoumal (7 March 1938 – 28 September 2014) was a Czech musician and composer. He was best known for composing for many movies and television shows. He started his career in 1971 and his last credit was in 2013. He worked on animation shorts such as "Pat & Mat" and "Maxipes Fík".

paragraphs: Skoumal was born in Prague, Czechoslovakia. He was the son of translator Aloys Skoumal.

paragraphs: Skoumal died after a long illness on 28 September 2014 in Prague. He was 76.


title: Hamish McHamish

paragraphs: Hamish McHamish (1999 – 11 September 2014) was a Scottish celebrity ginger cat. The cat lived in the town of St Andrews, Fife, where he was an icon. He came to national and international fame after the book "Hamish McHamish of St Andrews: Cool Cat About Town" was published. The cat was owned by Marianne Baird, a retired BBC producer. He had a Facebook and Twitter page, where he gathered tens of thousands of follows.

paragraphs: Hamish McHamish died from a chest infection on 11 September 2014 in St Andrews. He was 15.


title: Montserrat Abelló i Soler

paragraphs: Montserrat Abelló i Soler (1 February 1918 – 9 September 2014) was a Spanish Catalan poet and translator. She translated works of literature from English to her native Catalan, and from Catalan into English.

paragraphs: Abelló i Soler was born in Tarragona, in the Province of Tarragona. During the Spanish Civil War, she lived in exile in France, England and Chile.

paragraphs: She translated works by American novelist Sylvia Plath, Welsh novelist Dylan Thomas, English writer E. M. Forster, Irish-born British author Iris Murdoch and Iranian translator Mohsen Emadi

paragraphs: She translated works by writers Salvador Espriu, Mercè Rodoreda, Maria Àngels Anglada, Maria Mercè Marçal and Olga Xirinacs Díaz.

paragraphs: She published works of poetry in Catalan.

paragraphs: In 2002, her poetry was compiled in "Al cor de les paraules: obra poètica 1963-2002" ("In the Heart of Words: Poetic Works 1963-2002"), which in 2003 won several Catalan literary prizes.

paragraphs: She has also contributed to anthologies (collections) of writing and poetry:

paragraphs: Abelló i Soler died on 9 September 2014 in Barcelona, aged 96.


title: Philip Somerville

paragraphs: Philip Douglas Frank Somerville (12 February 1930 – 14 September 2014) was an English milliner (hat maker). He was best known for making hats for members of the British Royal Family, including Elizabeth II, Diana, Princess of Wales and Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge. He also created headgear worn by two James Bond female villains. For his work, he was given a Royal Warrant by the Queen.

paragraphs: Somerville was born in Winchester, Hampshire. He was an actor in Australia with little success. When becoming a milliner, he was partly trained in Auckland, New Zealand.

paragraphs: Somerville died on 14 September 2014 at the age of 84.


title: Lorna Thomas

paragraphs: Lorna Thomas (1 December 1917 – 17 September 2014) was an Australian female cricket player and team coach. She played from 1936 until 1949. She also coached from 1963 until 1978. She played for Australia against England, New Zealand and many other countries. She later coached Australia with success.

paragraphs: Thomas was born in Sydney, New South Wales. She was made a Member of the Order of the British Empire in the 1970s.

paragraphs: Thomas died from natural causes on 17 September 2014 in Sydney, aged 97.


title: Diffuse axonal injury

paragraphs: Diffuse axonal injury (often shortened to DAI) is one of the most common forms of traumatic brain injury. In traumatic brain injury, the damage is focused to one area of the brain, in diffuse axonal injury, the damage occurs over a larger area of the brain. DAI mainly damages white matter, which makes it one of the major causes of unconsciousness and persistent vegetative state after head trauma. It occurs in about half of all cases of severe head trauma.

paragraphs: Frequently, people suffering such damage fall into a coma; Over 90 percent of the patients with severe DAI never regain consciousness. Those who do wake up often remain significantly impaired.

paragraphs: Other authors state that DAI can occur in every degree of severity from (very) mild or moderate to (very) severe. Concussion may be a milder type of diffuse axonal injury.


title: Timecop

paragraphs: Timecop is a 1994 American science fiction action movie. It is about a federal agent who travels in time. Jean-Claude Van Damme plays Max Walker. Mia Sara plays Melissa.

paragraphs: "Timecop" got mixed reviews from critics. It made a lot of money at the box office.


title: Silent Fall

paragraphs: Silent Fall is a 1994 drama and mystery movie. The movie is about a boy with autism who sees a murder. Linda Hamilton plays Karen. Liv Tyler plays Sylvie Warden. John Lithgow plays Dr. Harlinger.

paragraphs: "Silent Fall" got negative reviews from critics. It became a box office bomb.


title: Junior (movie)

paragraphs: Junior is a 1994 comedy movie. The movie is about a male scientist who makes himself pregnant as an experiment. Arnold Schwarzenegger plays Alex. Aida Turturro plays Louise. Emma Thompson plays Diana Reddin. Pamela Reed plays Angela.

paragraphs: This movie was released on November 23, 1994. The reviews were mixed to negative. It made quite a bit of money anyway.


title: Jean-Jacques Pauvert

paragraphs: Jean-Jacques Pauvert (8 April 1926 - 27 September 2014) was a French publisher. He was known for publishing the work of the Marquis de Sade in the early 1950s and as the first publisher of the "Story of O" (1954). He also published the first edition of Kenneth Anger's "Hollywood Babylone" (1959). Pauvert was born in Paris.

paragraphs: He have also published the first French edition of the "Civil disobedience" of Henry David Thoreau in 1968.

paragraphs: Pauvert died in Toulon, France, aged 88.


title: Zhang Xianliang

paragraphs: Zhang Xianliang (; December 1936 – 27 September 2014) was a Chinese author and poet. He was the former president of the China Writer Association in Ningxia. He was a political prisoner during the Anti-Rightist Movement in 1957, until 1979. His most well known works, include "Half of Man is Woman" and "Grass Soup".

paragraphs: Xianliang died in Yinchuan, Ningxia, China, aged 77.


title: Abdelmajid Lakhal

paragraphs: Abdelmajid Lakhal (November 29, 1939 – September 27, 2014) was a Tunisian theatre and movie actor and theatre director. He was known on Arab Television for acting in many telefilms. He was known for his roles in "Jesus of Nazareth", "Day of the Falcon", and in "Bab'Aziz - The Prince That Contemplated His Soul".


title: Taylor Hardwick

paragraphs: Taylor Hardwick (July 15, 1925 – September 27, 2014) was an American architect, interior designer, filmmaker, and educator. He designed hundreds of buildings throughout northeast Florida, predominantly in and near the city of Jacksonville.

paragraphs: Hardwick died in Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida from cancer, aged 89.


title: Pamela Reed

paragraphs: Pamela Reed (born April 2, 1949) is an American actress. She acts in both movies and television. In "Kindergarten Cop", she played Phoebe O'Hara. In "The Simpsons", she played Ruth Powers.


title: Adephaga

paragraphs: The Adephaga is a suborder of beetles. There are more than 40,000 recorded species in ten families. This is the second largest suborder of the order Coleoptera.

paragraphs: The beetles of this suborder include ground beetles, tiger beetles, diving beetles, and whirligig beetles. Most of the species belong to the family of carabids, or ground beetles (Carabidae).

paragraphs: The Adephaga is two groups with a common origin. They are the Hydradephaga (water beetles) and the Geadephaga (ground beetles. They are mostly predatory. The first fossils of both groups are found in the Triassic period. The ground beetles have formidable chemical defences. They have special pygidial glands which squirt out hot, burning chemicals. Bombardier beetles are famous for squirting their nasty chemicals at attackers.


title: Magnitude (astronomy)

paragraphs: The apparent magnitude () of a celestial object is a number that measures its brightness as seen by an observer on Earth. The brighter an object appears, the lower its magnitude value (i.e. inverse relation). The Sun, at apparent magnitude of −27, is the brightest object in the sky.

paragraphs: Magnitude is a logarithmic measure. It is measured in a specific wavelength or passband, usually in optical or near-infrared wavelengths. A full moon is −13 magnitude and the brightest planet Venus measures −5. The brightest man-made objects, Iridium flares, are ranked at −9 and the International Space Station measures −6.

paragraphs: The Greek astronomer Hipparchus first invented our system of apparent magnitude. He gave the brightest stars a magnitude of 1 and increased the numbers for dimmer stars. About 300 years later Ptolemy of Alexandria created an encyclopedia of stars based on Hipparchus' work. The Persian astronomer Al-Sufi took Ptolemy's work and gave Arabic names to the stars some 800 years later. Medieval European astronomers simply translated Al-Sufi's work into Latin which is why many stars today have Arabic names.


title: Alice Drummond

paragraphs: Alice Drummond (May 21, 1928 – November 30, 2016) was an American actress of stage and television. She was known for her roles in "Ghostbusters", "Awakenings", "To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything! Julie Newmar", "", and in "Doubt".

paragraphs: Drummond was born in Pawtucket, Rhode Island. She died on November 30, 2016 from complications of a fall in The Bronx, New York, aged 88.


title: Joe Franklin

paragraphs: Joe Franklin (born Joseph Fortgang; March 9, 1926 – January 24, 2015) was an American radio and television host personality from New York City. He is best known for the television talk-and-variety show format that set the standard for television talk shows.

paragraphs: His show began in 1951 on WJZ-TV (later WABC-TV) and moved to WOR-TV (later WWOR-TV) from 1962 to 1993. He interviewed over 100,000 guests during his 43 year career.

paragraphs: Franklin died of prostate cancer at a hospice on January 24, 2015 at the age of 88.


title: Greater Western Sydney Giants

paragraphs: The Greater Western Sydney Giants (nicknamed the GWS Giants or just the Giants) is a Australian Rules Football club. It plays in the Australian Football League. The club was founded in 2009. It is based in Sydney.


title: Crash course

paragraphs: Crash Course (also known as A Mother's Fight for Justice) is a 2001 American made-for-tv drama movie, Inspired by a true story.

paragraphs: A mother is angry at the boy who hit her son while driving drunk, because he never apologizes.

paragraphs: She tries to fight for revenge against the will of her husband and son. After he served in prison, the son decided to stop the fight, he came to say that he was never allowed to say that he is sorry.


title: Nerve plexus

paragraphs: A nerve plexus is a branching network of nerves which serves a part of the body. Nerves which go to and from the central nervous system bunch up in certain places. Between each vertebra is a plexus of nerves going in and coming out of the spinal cord. Another plexus is underneath each arm. That is a plexus of nerves and also blood vessels which serve every part of the arm, hand and fingers. Under the arm is much the safest place to have these things because of the damage they would get if too exposed. This also explains why arteries are deeper under the surface than veins.


title: Pichal Peri

paragraphs: Pichal Peri or Churail or Churel (Urdu:meaning, with reversed

paragraphs: feet) is a sort of legendary witch or monster type creature in Central Asian and

paragraphs: In the Indian-Pakistani folklores, it has two forms, one is of a witch who is very dark, ugly and scary, and another is of a beautiful woman who targets vulnerable men passing through the woods after the dark; they appear and vanish after a while, leaving a fearful experience to the victims. Whereas, some other claims also assert they attack and kill human beings, to eat their livers. Some people say they have seen this creature in reality and have somehow escaped. According to them, it has long hair and long teeth and feet that are reversed (with heel in front and toes turned back).

paragraphs: However, there is no real proof this creature really exists.


title: Ahmad Hasan Dani

paragraphs: Professor Dr Ahmad Hasan Dani (1920-2009) was a famous Pakistani scholar, archaeologist and historian.

paragraphs: He did a lot of research and study on North Pakistan. He was an expert on the culture of South Asia and Central Asia.


title: Coroner

paragraphs: A coroner is a government official. It is his job to confirm the death of any person in any area of a country. The coroner also gives a certificate to say that a person has died in some place, on some date, due to some reason.


title: Colby Rasmus

paragraphs: Colby Rasmus (born August 11 1986) is a major league baseball player for the Toronto Blue Jays.


title: Fried dough

paragraphs: Fried dough is a sugary snack usually sold at ballgames. It is usually served warm.


title: Alpine lake

paragraphs: Alpine lakes are lakes or reservoirs at high altitudes, usually over 5,000 feet (1524 metres) above sea level, or above the tree line.

paragraphs: Alpine lakes are usually clearer than lower lakes because the cold water reduces the speed and amount of algae and moss growing in the water. Often the lakes are surrounded by varieties of pine trees, aspens, and other high altitude trees.

paragraphs: Yellowstone Lake is an alpine lake, and so is Lake Baikal.


title: Every Witch Way

paragraphs: Every Witch Way is an American fantasy, comedy and drama telenovela. It stars Paola Andino, Nick Merico, Paris Smith, Rahart Adams and Daniela Nieves. It is broadcast by Nickelodeon. It is the American version of the Latin American telenovela "Grachi". The telenovela was first broadcast on January 1, 2014.

paragraphs: The series is about 14-year-old Emma Alonso. After moving to Miami, she discovers that she is "The Chosen One", the most powerfull witch. She fells in love with her neighbor Daniel (Nick Merico). She meets Daniel's girlfriend, Maddie (Paris Smith), is also a witch, but a bad one. Maddie is most popular girl at Iridium High School and the leader of "The Panthers". Emma will have to go through many problems now with her new life to live happy.

paragraphs: Now that she is the only chosen one,Emma stands more for herself. A new guy named Jax that is wizard moves to town and causes drama. Daniel breaks up with Emma because she lied to him about her powers.Her evil clone,E causes trouble and Emma has to destroy her. At the end she comes back with Daniel.

paragraphs: A new student at Iridium High School. She is a witch and uses her magical powers responsibly. She is in love with Daniel.In Season 2 makes a clone that meses it up.Later is with Jax but then

paragraphs: He is a star in Iridium High. He's smart, athletic, and very popular, but also very humble. He is also the captain of the "Sharks".In Season 2 get jealous about Jax but then gets back with Emma.

paragraphs: She is the ex-girlfriend of Daniel, and is also the most popular girl in Iridium High School. Is an mean witch and the enemy of Emma.In Season 2 she is nicer cause shes dating Diego.

paragraphs: The new guy in Season 2,he is a wizard and likes Emma.

paragraphs: The new girl (S3),she is a kanay who simillar to a witch so wants revenge and kisses Daniel.

paragraphs: A kanay and Member of "The Sharks". He starts dating Maddie in Season 2.


title: Tinsel Korey

paragraphs: Tinsel Korey (born March 25, 1980) is a Canadian actress. She is best known for playing Emily Young in the Twilight Saga movies "New Moon" and "Eclipse". She played Jen in "Tru Calling".

paragraphs: She was born in Vancouver, British Columbia.


title: Rachel Nichols (actress)

paragraphs: Rachel Emily Nichols (born January 8, 1980) is an American actress and model. She played Alexa in "Sex and the City". She also played Ashley Seaver in "Criminal Minds".


paragraphs: Three Chord Country and American Rock & Roll is the first studio album by Keith Anderson. The album was released on May 3, 2005. It was first and only studio album from the label Arista Nashville.


title: Moonlight and Valentino

paragraphs: Moonlight and Valentino is a comedy and drama movie from 1995. Elizabeth Perkins plays Rebecca. Whoopi Goldberg plays Sylvie. Kathleen Turner plays Alberta. Gwyneth Paltrow plays Lucy.

paragraphs: This movie got mostly bad reviews from critics.


title: First Battle of the Masurian Lakes

paragraphs: The First Battle of the Masurian Lakes was a German offensive on the Eastern Front during the early part of World War I. It started on 7 September and ended on 14 September 1914. The battle was the second heavy defeat of a Russian army by the Germans. The first defeat was at the Battle of Tannenberg. At Masurian Lakes the Germans pushed the Russian 1st Army back out of Germany. They could not push the Russians back further because of the arrival of the Russian Tenth Army on the Germans' left flank (side). The Russians suffered a defeat and retreated losing about 125,000 men and 150 guns.

paragraphs: Paul von Hindenburg, general of the German Eighth Army, knew the swampy area of East Prussia called the Masurian Lakes. He thought the Russians might attack there so he made plans in case of such an attack. At this time of the war, the Germans knew what the Russians were planning because they could read their messages. The Russians planned their attack on East Prussia with little intelligence of the area. They had no rail transport to move troops. They failed to plan for enough food and ammunition and moved only with horses and infantry. But they had superior numbers and were confident they could defeat the Germans.

paragraphs: When the two Russian armies first moved into East Prussia to form a pincer attack, Hindenburg completely defeated the Russian Second Army at the Battle of Tannenberg in August 1914. There the German victory came when German general Hermann von François disobeyed orders and attacked the Russian flank. Hindenburg then turned his army north to attack the Russian First Army at the Masurian Lakes in September. François played a major part in this second victory when his First Corps forced back the Russian flank. Under their general, Paul von Rennenkampf, the Russians dug in. He made use of the lakes, rivers and other natural obstacles. Hindenburg used frontal attacks to hold the Russians while his armies tried to surround the Russian trenches. Using a counterattack to hide his movements, Rennenkampf moved his army back to prevent them being surrounded. Over a period of several days the Russian army lost ground. The Russians fought hard but were driven back to the Russian border. Rennenkampf kept his troops in good order as they retreated.

paragraphs: The loss of 125,000 soldiers did little damage to the 800,00 -man Russian Army. But it also meant a loss of about 150 artillery cannons. At the time these were very valuable for the old Russian army. The Germans also had heavy casualties. This showed the German advantage of their modern rail system for supplying and arming their soldiers. But, the push made by the Germans into Russia caused their defeat at the Battle of Augustov. The victories at Tannenberg and Masurian Lakes made Hindenburg a hero in Germany. As a result of his fame, in 1916 he became Chief of the German Staff.


title: Michael Lonsdale

paragraphs: Michael Lonsdale (24 May 1931 – 21 September 2020), also billed sometimes as Michel Lonsdale, was a French actor. He has appeared in over 180 movies and television shows.

paragraphs: He was born in Paris and he was raised by a French mother and English father. He first appeared on stage as an actor at the age of 24.

paragraphs: Lonsdale was probably best known in the English-speaking world for his portrayal of the villain Sir Hugo Drax in the 1979 James Bond movie, "Moonraker", the French detective Lebel in "The Day of the Jackal", and as M. Dupont d'Ivry in "The Remains of the Day".

paragraphs: On 25 February 2011, Lonsdale won his first César Award as a best supporting actor for his portrayal of Luc in "Of Gods and Men".

paragraphs: Lonsdale died on 21 September 2020, aged 89 in Paris.


title: Argument from morality

paragraphs: An argument from morality is an argument for the existence of God. Also called moral arguments, most are apologetic arguments. They argue there is a moral order in the universe and so there must be a God said the German philosopher Marc Nickl. The German philosopher Marc Nickl devised an argument from morality based on reason. Kant argued that the goal of humanity is to achieve perfect happiness and virtue. Further, that an afterlife must exist in order for this to be possible, and that God must exist to provide this.


title: Eric Newby

paragraphs: Eric Newby (1919-2006) was an English writer and traveler.

paragraphs: He traveled to many parts of Europe, South Asia and Central Asia. He is best known for his famous and very enjoyable books like "The Last Grain of Rice" (1956), "A Short Walk in the Hindu Kush" (1958), "Slowly down the Ganges" (1966), "Love and War in the Appenines" (1971), "A Small Place in Italy" (1994).


title: Mian Mir Sahib

paragraphs: Hazrat Mian Mir Muhammad Sahib, or Mian Mir Sahib, (1550-1635) was a famous Sufi saint of the Qadiri order. He lived most of his life in Lahore (then in Mughal India and now in Pakistan).

paragraphs: Mian Mir Sahib was specially famous for having been the teacher of a Mughal prince, Dara Shikoh, and for having taught and helped many Sikh Gurus. He was a very loving and tolerant person.


title: Deaths in October 2014

paragraphs: The following is a list of notable deaths in October 2014. For notable deaths before the current month, please see "Previous months".


title: Luis Nishizawa

paragraphs: Luis Nishizawa (February 2, 1918 – September 29, 2014) was a Mexican artist. He was known for his landscape work and murals. He began training as an artist in 1942 at the height of the Mexican muralism movement but studied other painting styles as well as Japanese art. In addition to painting canvases and murals, he was a professor of fine arts at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Nihizawa was born in Cuautitlán, Mexico.

paragraphs: Nishizawa died in Mexico City, Mexico from natural causes, aged 96.


title: George Shuba

paragraphs: George "Shotgun" Shuba (December 13, 1924 – September 29, 2014) was an American baseball player. He was an outfielder. He was a left-handed pinch hitter in Major League Baseball. Shuba played seven seasons for the Brooklyn Dodgers.

paragraphs: His seven seasons included three World Series as well as a World Series championship in 1955. He was the first National League player to hit a pinch-hit home run in a World Series game.

paragraphs: Shuba is often remembered for his symbolic role in breaking down Major League Baseball's tenacious "color barrier". He was born in Youngstown, Ohio.

paragraphs: While playing for a farm team in the 1940s, Shuba offered a congratulatory handshake to teammate Jackie Robinson, who went on to become the first African American to play in a major league game since the late 19th century. The moment was captured in a well-known photograph dubbed "A Handshake for the Century" for featuring the first interracial handshake in a professional baseball game.

paragraphs: Shuba died on September 29, 2014, at age 89 in Youngstown, Ohio. He was the last living Brooklyn Dodger who appeared in the final game of the 1955 World Series, the only one won by the Dodgers in their Brooklyn history.


title: Miguel Boyer

paragraphs: Miguel Boyer Salvador (5 February 1939 – 29 September 2014) was a French-born Spanish economist and politician. He served as the Minister of Economy, Treasury and Commerce. He served as minister from 1982 to 1985.

paragraphs: Boyer died of a pulmonary embolism after being admitted to the Ruber International Hospital in Madrid on 29 September 2014. He was 75.


title: Iftikhar Hussain Ansari

paragraphs: Molvi Iftikhar Hussain Ansari (Kashmiri: मौलवी इफ्तिखार हुसैन अंसारी , مولوی افتخار حسین ااری ) (26 April 1940 – 30 September 2014) was a Kashmiri Shia cleric, politician and a businessman. He succeeded his father Molvi Muhammad Jawad Ansari as president of All Jammu and Kashmir Shia Association in Jammu & Kashmir in 1962.

paragraphs: He was a sitting member of Jammu and Kashmir's Legislative Assembly for the Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party. He was earlier a member of National Conference and Congress. He was also a business tycoon with interest in car dealerships.

paragraphs: On morning of 30 September 2014, Iftikhar Hussain died of due to cirrhosis, aged 74.


title: Peter Regin

paragraphs: Peter Regin Jensen (born April 16, 1986) is a Danish professional ice hockey centre. He currently plays for the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also played for the Ottawa Senators and New York Islanders. Aside from the NHL, Regin has also played in the Oddset Ligaen with Herning Blue Fox and in the Elitserien with Timrå IK.

paragraphs: Before playing in the NHL, Regin played 3 seasons with the Herning Blue Fox in the Oddset Ligaen. During his time there, he was named the Rookie of the Year in 2004. He was drafted with the 87th overall pick by the Ottawa Senators in the 2004 NHL Entry Draft. Before playing with the Senators, Regin decided to play another season with Herning and joined Timrå IK in the Elitserien in 2005. He played 3 seasons with them and increased both his goal and point production in each season that he was there.

paragraphs: On June 2, 2008, he signed a multi-year entry-level contract with Ottawa Senators and was assigned to their AHL-affiliate, the Binghamton Senators.

paragraphs: On January 20, 2009, Regin was called up and made his NHL debut in a 3-2 win against the Washington Capitals. He was sent back down to Binghamton the next day. On January 29, 2009, Regin played in his third NHL game and scored his first NHL goal, a game winner, against Chris Mason of the St. Louis Blues. On July 29, 2010, the Senators resigned Regin to a two-year, $2 million contract extension. On February 19, 2011, in a game against the Toronto Maple Leafs, Regin suffered a dislocated shoulder after being pushed into the boards by Toronto's Joey Crabb and needed season-ending surgery. On April 5, 2012, Regin was re-signed to a one-year, one-way contract by the Senators.

paragraphs: On July 5, 2013, Regin signed a 1-year deal with the New York Islanders.

paragraphs: He played a season with them and was traded along with Pierre-Marc Bouchard to the Chicago Blackhawks for a 2014 fourth-round draft pick on February 6, 2014. The Blackhawks re-signed Regin to a one-year contract on July 1, 2014.


title: Mr. Wrong

paragraphs: Mr. Wrong is a 1996 romantic comedy movie. The movie is about murder and marriage to the wrong person. Ellen DeGeneres plays Martha. Joan Cusack plays Inga. Joan Plowright plays Mrs. Crawford. Robert Goulet plays Braxton.

paragraphs: Critics did not like this movie. It became a box office bomb.


title: The Truth About Cats & Dogs

paragraphs: The Truth about Cats & Dogs is a 1996 romantic comedy movie. The movie is about two women dating the same man. Janeane Garofalo plays Abby Barnes. Uma Thurman plays Noelle Slusarsky.

paragraphs: This movie got positive reviews from critics. It earned back its budget.


title: The Rock

paragraphs: The Rock is a 1996 action-adventure movie. The movie is about events taking place on Alcatraz Island. Sean Connery plays John Patrick Mason. Nicolas Cage plays Stanley Goodspeed.

paragraphs: "The Rock" received positive reviews from the critics. It was a box office hit.


title: Aurel Stein

paragraphs: Sir Mark Aurel Stein or Aurel Stein (1862-1943), FRAS, was a British-Hungarian archaeologist and explorer. He traveled to many parts of South Asia and Central Asia to discover ancient cultures and their remains.

paragraphs: He died and was buried in Kabul, Afghanistan.


title: Rezső Gallai (supercentenarian)

paragraphs: Rezső Gallai (29 January 1904 — 25 September 2014) was an Hungarian supercentenarian. He lived until the age of 110 years, 239 days. Gallai was the oldest living man in Europe, following the death of 111-year old Arturo Licata on 24 April 2014, until his own death on 25 September 2014.

paragraphs: Gallai died on 25 September 2014 in Győr, aged 110.


title: Lawrence, Massachusetts

paragraphs: Lawrence is a city in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. It is near the Merrimack River. According to the 2010 U.S. Census, the city had a total population of 76,377.


title: Jason McGerr

paragraphs: Jason McGerr is the drummer for the alternative rock band Death Cab for Cutie. He is also an instructor at the Seattle Drum School of Music.


title: National Statuary Hall Collection

paragraphs: The National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is a collection of statues donated by individual states to honor people very important in their history. Originally set up in the old Hall of the House of Representatives, renamed National Statuary Hall, the expanding collection has since been spread throughout the Capitol.

paragraphs: With the addition of New Mexico's second statue in 2005, the collection is now complete with 100 statues by each 50 states. Alabama, Arizona, California, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan and Ohio each replaced one of their first two statues a few years after Congress authorized replacements. The most recent state to replace a statue was Ohio, which replaced its statue of William Allen with one of Thomas Edison in September 2016.


title: USS Constellation (CV-64)

paragraphs: USS "Constellation" (CV-64), is a "Kitty Hawk"–class supercarrier. It was the third ship of the United States Navy to be named in honor of the "new constellation of stars" on the flag of the United States.

paragraphs: It is the only naval vessel ever given the right to display red, white, and blue designation numbers. One of the fastest ships in the Navy, as proven by her victory during a battlegroup race held in 1985. She was nicknamed "Connie" by her crew and officially as "America's Flagship" by President Ronald Reagan.


title: 2014 Hong Kong protests

paragraphs: The 2014 Hong Kong protests, also known as the Umbrella Revolution, are a series of protests in Hong Kong that started on 27 September 2014. They are protesting against the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress' (NPCSC) decision on the proposed electoral reform for the planned 2017 Hong Kong Chief Executive election. The NPCSC would need a nomination committee to pre-approve up to three electoral candidates before they go on to a vote that involves the general population. After the election, the Chief Executive-elect still has to be formally appointed by the central government before they can officially take their post.

paragraphs: The student groups Hong Kong Federation of Students and Scholarism started protesting outside of the government headquarters on the 22 September, 2014. During the evening of 26 September, there were a group of several hundred demonstrators that broke through a security barrier and had entered the plaza in front of the Central Government Complex. The police then closed off and blockaded it overnight. This caused more protesters to join and surround the police. The standoff between the protesters and police lasted for a day, during which the police started attacking unarmed protesters with shields, batons, and pepper spray. The movement Occupy Central with Love and Peace announced that they would start their civil disobedience campaign with starting immediately.

paragraphs: On 28 September at around noon, the protesters moved onto Harcourt Road and went on to occupy Queensway. After a standoff that lasted for several hours, police started using tear gas and water cannons on the crowds and they also threatened to open fire with rubber bullets if they did not leave.


title: Grosvenor Square

paragraphs: Grosvenor Square is a large garden square in the exclusive Mayfair district of London, England. It is the property of the Duke of Westminster. There is a 9/11 memorial and statues of American presidents like Franklin D. Roosevelt and Ronald Reagan. Grosvenor Square is the location of the American embassy in England.


title: Baxley, Georgia

paragraphs: Baxley is a city in the U.S. state of Georgia. It is the county seat of Appling County.


title: Sparta, Georgia

paragraphs: Sparta is a city in the U.S. state of Georgia. It is the county seat of Hancock County.


title: Pearson, Georgia

paragraphs: Pearson is a city in the U.S. state of Georgia. It is the county seat of Atkinson County.


title: Waynesboro, Georgia

paragraphs: Waynesboro is a city in the U.S. state of Georgia. It is the county seat of Burke County.


title: Trenton, Georgia

paragraphs: Trenton is a city in the U.S. state of Georgia. It is the county seat of Dade County.


title: Avenging Force

paragraphs: Avenging Force is a 1986 American action movie directed by Sam Firstenberg and written by James Booth (who also starred). It stars Michael Dudikoff, Steve James, John P. Ryan, Marc Alaimo and was distributed by Cannon Films. It is considered to be a cult film.


title: Alma, Georgia

paragraphs: Alma is a city in the U.S. state of Georgia. It is the county seat of Bacon County.


title: Scott Adsit

paragraphs: Robert Scott Adsit (born November 26, 1965) is an American actor, comedian and writer. He is best known for his role as Pete Hornberger, the well-meaning but jaded executive producer, on the NBC sitcom "30 Rock". He was born in Northbrook, Illinois.


title: Newton, Georgia

paragraphs: Newton is a city in the U.S. state of Georgia. It is the county seat of Baker County.


title: Homer, Georgia

paragraphs: Homer is a town in the U.S. state of Georgia. It is the county seat of Banks County.


title: Hartwell, Georgia

paragraphs: Hartwell is a city in the U.S. state of Georgia. It is the county seat of Hart County.


title: Braga

paragraphs: Braga is the third-largest city in Portugal. In 2011, it has about 182,000 inhabitants.


title: Roswell, Georgia

paragraphs: Roswell is a city in the U.S. state of Georgia. It is in Fulton County.


title: St. Johns, Arizona

paragraphs: St. Johns is a city in Arizona in the United States.


title: Safford, Arizona

paragraphs: Safford is a city in Arizona in the United States.


title: Clifton, Arizona

paragraphs: Clifton is a town in Arizona in the United States.


title: Parker, Arizona

paragraphs: Parker is a town in Arizona in the United States.


title: Apache Junction, Arizona

paragraphs: Apache Junction is a city in Arizona in the United States.


title: Cartersville, Georgia

paragraphs: Cartersville is a city in the U.S. state of Georgia. It is the county seat of Bartow County.