title: Croup

paragraphs: Croup (or laryngotracheobronchitis) is caused by a virus and leads to swelling inside the throat. This swelling causes problems with normal breathing. People with croup can have a "barking"cough, stridor (a high-pitched wheezing sound), and hoarseness. Croup symptoms often get worse at night. Taking steroids by mouth can treat the condition. Sometimes epinephrine is used in more severe cases. Hospitalization is rarely required.

paragraphs: Doctors decide if a person has croup after they have eliminated other possibilities (for example, an airway foreign body). Blood tests, X-rays, and cultures are not needed. Croup is common. About 15% of children between 6 months and 5–6 years old get croup. Teenagers and adults rarely get croup.

paragraphs: Croup symptoms include a "barking" cough, stridor ( a high pitched sound typically when breathing in), hoarseness, and difficult breathing that are worse at night. The "barking" cough can sound like a seal or sea lion. Crying can make the wheezing worse; wheezing can mean that the airways are narrowed. As croup gets worse, the wheezing can decrease.

paragraphs: Other symptoms are fever, symptoms typical of the common cold), and the skin between the ribs pulling in when the child breathes. Drooling or a sick appearance can mean a different illness. The virus infection leads to swelling in the throat and air passages that can make breathing difficult.

paragraphs: Most croup is caused by a virus infection. Some people call severe laryngotracheitis croup. This disease is caused by a milder virus. Croup also can be laryngeal diphtheria, bacterial tracheitis, laryngotracheobronchitis, and laryngotracheobronchopneumonitis. These diseases are caused by bacteria and are more severe.

paragraphs: In 75% of cases, the parainfluenza virus, mainly types 1 and 2, causes croup. Other viruses that can cause croup include influenza A and B, measles, adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Spasmodic croup (croup with barking) does not have the usual signs of infection, such as fever, sore throat, and increased white blood cell count). Treating spasmodic croup is the same as treating regular croup.

paragraphs: Bacterial croup includes laryngeal diphtheria, bacterial tracheitis, laryngotracheobronchitis, and laryngotracheobronchopneumonitis. "Corynebacterium diphtheriae" causes laryngeal diphtheria; bacterial tracheitis, laryngotracheobronchitis, and laryngotracheobronchopneumonitis come from a virus infection, followed by a bacteria infection. The most common bacteria that cause croup are"Staphylococcus aureus", "Streptococcus pneumoniae", "Hemophilus influenzae", and "Moraxella catarrhalis".

paragraphs: Croup is diagnosed based on signs and symptoms. The first step is to make sure it is not another condition that can block the upper airway, especially epiglottitis (an inflammation of the tissue that covers the trachea or windpipe) , something in the airway, subglottic stenosis (narrowing of the airway below the vocal cords), angioedema (swelling underneath the skin), retropharyngeal abscess (pus in the back of the throat), and bacterial tracheitis (bacterial infection in the trachea).

paragraphs: An X-ray of the neck is not routine, but if it is done, it can show a narrowing of the trachea, called the steeple sign, because the narrow shape looks like a church steeple. The steeple sign does not appear in half of cases.

paragraphs: Blood tests and viral cultures (tests for the virus) can cause irritate the airway. Cultures of the virus, obtained by nasopharyngeal aspiration (using a tube to suck mucus out of the nose), are used to confirm the exact cause. These cultures are restricted to people doing research. If a person does not improve with standard treatment, further tests can be done to check for bacteria.

paragraphs: The most common system for describing the severity of croup is the Westley score. This test is used for research, but does not help the person with croup. Points are given for five factors: level of consciousness, cyanosis (blue skin coloring), stridor (wheezing), air entry, and retractions (skin on the chest pulling in). The table to the right lists the points given for each factor; the final score ranges from 0 to 17.

paragraphs: 85% of children going to the emergency department have mild disease. Severe croup is rare–less than 1% of cases.

paragraphs: Immunization (vaccines) for influenza and diphtheria can prevent croup.

paragraphs: It is important to keep children with croup as calm as possible. Children often are given steroids, but epinephrine is used in severe cases. If the amount of blood oxygen is under 92%, the child needs oxygen. People with severe croup can be hospitalized for observation. If oxygen is needed, "blow-by" administration (holding an oxygen source near the face of the child) is better than an oxygen mask, because it is less likely to upset a child than an oxygen mask is. With treatment, less than 0.2% of people need endotracheal intubation(a tube placed into the airway).

paragraphs: Corticosteroids, such as dexamethasone and budesonide, can be used to treat croup. People begin to improve a lot within six hours after taking steroids. Steroids work when given by mouth, injection, or inhalation (breathing them in), but taking them by mouth is best. Most of the time, a single dose is enough. Dexamethasone at doses of 0.15, 0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg appear to be all equally good.

paragraphs: Moderate to severe croup can be helped with nebulized epinephrine(an inhaled solution that widens the airway). While epinephrine reduces croup severity within 10–30 minutes, the benefits last for only about 2 hours. If symptoms improve for 2–4 hours after treatment and no other complications happen, the child typically can leave the hospital.

paragraphs: There is not enough evidence that other treatments for croup are helpful. Clinical studies do not show that breathing hot steam or humidified air is helpful and currently it rarely is used. Medical professionals do not want people to use cough medicines, which containdextromethorphan and/or guiafenesin. Clinical studies also do not support inhaling heliox (a mixture of helium and oxygen) to make it easier to breath. Since most cases of croup is are diseases, antibiotics are not used unless bacteria are also suspected. The antibiotics vancomycin and cefotaxime are recommended for bacterial infections. In severe cases associated with influenza A or B, theanti neuraminidase inhibitors can be given.

paragraphs: Most of the time, croup caused by a virus is a short-term disease. Croup rarely causes death from respiratory failure and/or cardiac arrest. Symptoms improve within two days, but can last for up to seven days. Other uncommon complications include bacterial tracheitis (infection of the trachea), pneumonia (lung infection), and pulmonary edema (fluid in the lungs).

paragraphs: About 15% of children between the ages of 6 months and 5–6 years will get croup. Croup accounts for about 5% of hospital admissions for this age group. In rare cases, children as young as 3 months and as old as 15 years have croup. Males are affected 50% more frequently than are females; croup is more common in autumn (fall).

paragraphs: The word "croup" comes from the Early Modern English verb "croup," meaning "to cry hoarsely"; the name was first used for the disease in Scotland. Diphtheritic croup has been known since the time of Homer's Ancient Greece. In 1826, Bretonneau distinguished croup from a virus and croup due to diphtheria. The French called croup from a virus "faux-croup," using "croup" for a disease caused by the diphtheria bacteria. Croup due to diphtheria has become nearly unknown since most people are immunized.


title: Christopher Showerman

paragraphs: Christopher Frederick Showerman (born June 24, 1971) is an American actor and comedian. He is best known for playing George in "George of the Jungle 2", taking over from Brendan Fraser.


title: San'yōdō

paragraphs: "San'yōdō" was one of the main circuits of the "Gokishichidō" system. It was first established during the Asuka period. Over centuries, the government functions of the "Gokishichido" became less important. However, the traditional eight regions, including "San'yōdō", remained cultural markers.

paragraphs: "San'yōdō" is the southern part of southern Honshū. The region is on the Seto Inland Sea. It has includes eight ancient provinces, including

paragraphs: The lands of four prefectures is in the region of "San'yōdō": Hiroshima, Hyōgo, Okayama and Yamaguchi.

paragraphs: The modern national highway, Route 2, the San'yō Expressway, and the San'yō Main Line of the West Japan Railway Company, follow the approximate route of the San'yōdō.


title: George Graham (clockmaker)

paragraphs: George Graham (1673 in Cumberland, England - November 16, 1751, London) was an English watchmaker and inventor. .He was a member of the British Royal Society. He was a close friend of the well known clockmaker Thomas Tompion. Graham invented many improvements to the pendulum clock. He invented the mercury compensating pendulum.


title: George Graham (footballer)

paragraphs: George Graham is a former football player. He has played for Scotland national team.


George Graham


title: San'indō

paragraphs: "San'indō" was one of the main circuits of the "Gokishichidō" system. It was first established during the Asuka period. Over centuries, the government functions of the "Gokishichido" became less important. However, the traditional eight regions, including "San'indō", remained cultural markers.

paragraphs: "San'indō" is the northern part of southern Honshū. The region is on the Sea of Japan. It is a geographic region which has eight ancient provinces, including

paragraphs: The lands of three prefectures is in the region of "San'indō": Kyoto, Hyōgo and Tottori.

paragraphs: Today, Route 9, the San'in Expressway, and the San'in Main Line of the West Japan Railway Company follow the approximate route of the San'indō.


title: Otitis

paragraphs: Otitis means inflammation or infection of the ear. It can happen in both humans and other animals. It can affect different parts of the ear:

paragraphs: Symptons include ear wax, ear-ache and headaches. It often affects sinuses and throat also.

paragraphs: Scientists have found signs of ear infections in the bones of humans who lived 15,000 years ago.


title: Synovial fluid

paragraphs: Synovial fluid is viscous non-Newtonian fluid within the cavities of synovial joints. Synovial means "yolk like". The principal role for synovial fluid is to reduce friction between the articular cartilage of the joints during movement.


title: Cracking joints

paragraphs: Cracking joints consist of the action of moving joints to the point of producing popping or cracking sounds. This commonly occurs during deliberate knuckle cracking. This usually happens in the fingers. However, it can also happen in hips, wrists, elbows, ankles, knees and toes, particularly if they are moved into unusual positions. Cracking or popping usually happens due to cavitation within the joints, in particular cavitation related to synovial fluid.


title: Premier of South Australia

paragraphs: The Premier of South Australia is the head of the South Australian government. They are the leaders of the political party which has a majority of the seats in the Legislative Assembly. Before the 1890s when there was no formal party system in South Australia, politicians usually held liberal or conservative beliefs. The liberals dominated government from 1893 to 1905 with Labor support, with the conservatives mostly in opposition. Labor took government with the support of eight liberals in 1905 when Labor gained more seats than the liberals. The rise of Labor meant the other groups began to become anti-labor parties. The conservatives merged with the Liberal and Democratic Union (formed in 1906) to become the Liberal Union in 1910. No "country" or rural conservative parties have lasted in South Australian state politics.

paragraphs: Labor formed South Australia's first majority government after winning the 1910 state election. This was two weeks after federal Labor formed Australia's first majority government after winning the 1910 federal election.

paragraphs: The first six Governors of South Australia ran the government from 1836 until responsible government was began in 1856.


title: Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy

paragraphs: The "Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy" is a dance for a ballerina. It is the third movement in "The Nutcracker pas de deux". This "pas de deux" is from Act 2 of the 1892 ballet "The Nutcracker". It is danced by the principal female dancer. The number was choreographed by Lev Ivanov to music written by Tchaikovsky.

paragraphs: Choreographer Marius Petipa wanted the Sugar Plum Fairy's music to sound like "drops of water shooting from a fountain". Tchaikovsky found the ideal instrument to do this job in Paris in 1891. It was then that he came across the recently invented "celesta". This instrument looked like a piano. It sounded like bells. Tchaikovsky wrote, "[The celesta is] midway between a tiny piano and a Glockenspiel, with a divinely wonderful sound." He wanted to use the celesta in "The Nutcracker". He asked his publisher to buy one. He wanted to keep the purchase a secret. He did not want other Russian composers to "get wind of it and ... use it for unusual effects before me."

paragraphs: Tchaikovsky introduced the "celesta" to Russian music lovers on 19 March 1892 when the "Nutcracker Suite" was performed for the Russian Musical Society in St. Petersburg. The instrument is forever identified with the Sugar Plum Fairy. It is heard in other parts of Act 2 of "The Nutcracker" besides the Sugar Plum Fairy's dance. The "Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy" is one of the ballet's best known musical numbers. It is often "jazzed up" for television commercials at Christmas time.

paragraphs: There is little information about the Sugar Plum Fairy's original choreography. In the first performances the "presto" at the end of the dance was cut. According to Roland John Wiley, the dance appears to have consisted of short "pointe" steps, "petite batteries", and "attitudes" in various combinations. He describes the dance as having "a sense of dynamic build up: from delicate angularity ... to circular shapes, to plainer but more virtuoso movements"pirouettes" to "rounds de jambe"near the end."

paragraphs: The first Sugar Plum Fairy was Antonietta Dell'Era. She was a good technician, but Tchaikovsky's brother Modest described her as pudgy and unattractive. Although the Sugar Plum Fairy is the "prima ballerina" of "The Nutcracker", she has very little dancing to do. This was a considered a major defect among early critics. Dell'Era tried to expand the role of the Sugar Plum Fairy in later performances by putting a gavotte by Czibulka into the score.


title: Black-and-white ruffed lemur

paragraphs: The black-and-white ruffed lemur ("Varecia variegata") is a threatened species native to the eastern coasts of Madagascar. Including the tail, black-and-white ruffed lemurs are one of the largest of the lemurs in the world, being 4 feet tall and weighing 10 pounds. They can live up to 18 years in captivity. Like all ruffed lemurs, they get their name from the thick fur that surrounds their whole head.

paragraphs: Black-and-white ruffed lemurs mainly eat fruits, leaves, seeds and nectar, and insects. In captivity, some zoos will include biscuits to their meals.


title: Pear (color)

paragraphs: Pear is a pale chartreuse yellowish color that looks like the color of the outer surface of Anjou or Bartlett pears.


title: Lycopod

paragraphs: The Lycopods (Lycopodiophyta or Lycophyta) are the oldest surviving vascular plant division. It is a vascular plant subdivision of the plant kingdom. Its earliest fossils are from 428–410 million years ago.

paragraphs: The Lycopods include some of the most primitive (basal) living species. They reproduce by shedding spores and have macroscopic alternation of generations. Members of Lycopodiophyta have a protostele, and the sporophyte generation is dominant.

paragraphs: Lycopods differ from all other vascular plants in having microphylls, leaves that have only a single vein rather than the much more complex megaphylls found in ferns and seed plants.

paragraphs: There are around 1,200 living species of Lycopodiophyta; they are generally divided into three orders. There are also some extinct groups. There are different opinions as to how the whole group should be classified. Living groups are:


title: Marie Bashir

paragraphs: Dame Marie Roslyn Bashir (born 1 December 1930) is the 37th Governor of New South Wales, and the first woman to hold the position. She was appointed on 1 March 2001. She was born in Narrandera, New South Wales, and later went to the Sydney Girls High School. She studied medicine and surgery at the University of Sydney, graduating in 1956. She worked in mental health, and became the Clinical Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Sydney. She was made an Officer of the Order of Australia in 1988 for her services to child and adolescent health.

paragraphs: From 1957 until her death in 2018, Bashir was married to former Sydney Lord Mayor Sir Nicholas Shehadie.


title: Cecil Woodham-Smith

paragraphs: Cecil Woodham-Smith (29 April 1896 – 16 March 1977) was a British historian. She wrote "The Great Hunger" about the history of the Potato Famine in Ireland. She was critical of the British government's handling of the famine in the book. She was particularly critical of Charles Edward Trevelyan, the man who ran the British government's relief effort in Ireland, and accused him of having anti-Irish racial sentiments.


title: Solenn Colléter

paragraphs: Solenn Colléter is a French novelist born in Paris in 1974. Graduate from "École nationale de l'aviation civile" ("French civil aviation university" ; promotion 1993), she is the author of "Je suis morte et je n’ai rien appris" ("I am dead and I learned nothing" ; "Éditions Albin Michel") about hazing in university studies.


title: Surrogacy

paragraphs: Surrogacy means getting pregnant and carrying a child for other persons/person who will become the child's parents\parent after their birth. Some reasons why people may look for surrogacy is if a single man wants a child, pregnancy is too much of a risk, or if a woman can't have children through their own pregnancy. The carrier of the children is called a surrogate mother.

paragraphs: It may or may not involve monetary arrangements between the surrogate and the biological parents. In some countries like China, Japan, Germany and France it is considered illegal. In Australia and New Zealand commercial surrogacy is an offence. India is the main destination for this as surrogacy here is cheaper.


title: Manicouagan crater

paragraphs: The Manicouagan Crater is one of the oldest known impact craters. It is in the Côte-Nord region of Québec, Canada.

paragraphs: It was caused by the impact of a diameter asteroid about 215.5 million years ago, in the Upper Triassic.

paragraphs: The crater is a multiple-ring structure about across. Its inner ring is its most prominent feature. This is a diameter annular lake, the Manicouagan Reservoir, surrounding an inner island plateau. It is the earth's fifth largest confirmed impact crater.

paragraphs: The Manicouagan crater may have been part of a multiple impact event which also formed the Rochechouart crater in France, Saint Martin crater in Manitoba, Obolon' crater in Ukraine, and Red Wing crater in North Dakota. The five craters form a chain, indicating the breakup and subsequent impact of an asteroid or comet, like the impacts of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter in 1994.

paragraphs: Laser argon-argon dating of the glass formed by the impacts, and stratigraphic evidence, support an age of 215 ± 25 Myr. The impact locations have moved large distances in the intervening 214 million years. Three of the craters—Rochechouart, Manicouagan and Saint Martin—formed a chain at latitude 22.8° N, while Obolon' and Red Wing lay on identical declination paths with Rochechouart and Saint Martin respectively. All of the craters had previously been known and studied, but their paleoalignment had never before been demonstrated. The chance that these craters could be aligned like this due to chance are nearly zero.


title: −1 (number)

paragraphs: In mathematics, −1 is the additive inverse of 1. That is, if it is added to 1, the result is 0. It is the negative integer greater than negative two (−2) and less than 0.

paragraphs: Negative one has some similar properties as positive one. But some are different.

paragraphs: Negative one is related to Euler's identity. This is because the identity states formula_1

paragraphs: In computer science, −1 is a common initial value for integers. It is also used to show that a variable has no useful information.

paragraphs: Multiplying a number by −1 is the same as changing the sign on the number. This can be proved using the distributive law and the axiom at 1 is the multiplicative identity, that is, a number multiplied by 1 is the number itself. So, for x real, we have

paragraphs: where we used the fact that 0 multiplied by any real number x equals 0, shown by cancellation from the equation

paragraphs: so (−1) · "x" or −"x" is the arithmetic inverse of "x".

paragraphs: The square of −1, i.e. −1 multiplied by −1, equals 1. So, a square of negative real numbers is positive.

paragraphs: To prove this with algebra, start with the equation

paragraphs: The first equality follows from the above result. The second follows from the definition of −1 as additive inverse of 1, that is, when added to 1, it gives 0. Now, using the distributive law, we see that

paragraphs: The second equality follows from the fact that 1 is a multiplicative identity, that is : formula_7. But now adding 1 to both sides of this last equation means

paragraphs: The above arguments hold in any ring. Ring is a concept of abstract algebra generalizing integers and real numbers.

paragraphs: The complex number "i" satisfies "i" = −1. So it is a square root of −1. The only other complex number "x" for which the equation "x" = −1 holds is −"i". In the algebra of quaternions, which has the complex plane, the equation "x" = −1 has an infinity of solutions.

paragraphs: A non-zero real number can have a negative number as its power. We define that "x" = 1/"x". This means a number raised to a power of −1 is equal to the reciprocal of that number. The exponential law "x""x" = "x" for a,b non-zero real numbers is true even if a or b is negative.

paragraphs: There are many ways that −1 (and negative numbers in general) can be represented in computer systems. The most common is as two's complement of their positive form. In standard binary representation, this can also represent a positive integer.


title: Japanese saw

paragraphs: The Japanese saw or is a type of saw used in woodworking. The saw cuts on the pull stroke (when the saw is pulled backwards), unlike many Western saws which cut on the push stroke (when the saw is pushed forward).

paragraphs: There are several types of Japanese saws:


title: MD5

paragraphs: MD5 is a special algorithm, a mathematical process, used to make computer information secure and safe. MD5 stands for Message Digest, and was made to replace the MD4 standard.

paragraphs: It is mainly used for security in database systems. The algorithm generates a unique hash code for every piece of data (strings, text etc.). Any change to the data, either deliberate or accidental, will mean the hash code will also change. By comparing the codes, it is easy to see if a change has been made. MD5 was invented by Ron Rivest of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1991. An MD5 hash code provides a 32-digit hexadecimal number. By 1996, methods were developed to break the security of an MD5 algorithm. This was done by getting another program to make the same hash number for different sets of data. MD5 is no longer considered acceptable for protecting against intentional malicious changes to data, but it is still considered OK to protect from accidental changes, for example single-bit changes caused by noise on a network connection. An MD5 hash could look like: 9c677286866aad38f8e9b660f5411814. This is the hash of the string "Wikipedia".


title: Tōsandō

paragraphs: "Tōsandō" was one of the main circuits of the "Gokishichidō" system. It was first established during the Asuka period. Over centuries, the government functions of the "Gokishichido" became less important. However, the traditional eight regions, including "Tōsandō", remained cultural markers.

paragraphs: "Tōsandō" is in the central mountains of northern Honshū. It is made of eight ancient provinces, including

paragraphs: After 711, Tōsandō was understood to include Musashi province.

paragraphs: The lands of many prefectures are in the region of "Tōsandō": Akita, Aomori, Fukushima, Fiu, Gunma, Iwate, Miyagi, Nagano, Shiga and Tochigi prefectures.


title: Mass Gathering Medicine

paragraphs: Mass Gathering Medicine is a field of medicine which deals with health effects/risks of mass gatherings, that generate a higher incidence of injury and illness, may be the subject to a catastrophic accident or attack with large numbers of injured or dead persons.

paragraphs: Such factors as the weather, duration of the event, movement of the crowd, containment of the event (fenced/contained or not), availability of alcohol/drugs, the density of the crowd et al., possibility for spreading of communicable diseases all influence the health care at mass gatherings.

paragraphs: Purposes of Mass Gathering Medical Services at an event are: rapid access to the injured or ill patients, effective stabilizing and transporting injured or ill patients, on-site care for minor injuries and illnesses. Mass gathering medicine support requires planning.

paragraphs: The World Health Organization supports Member States hosting mass gatherings.


title: Administrator of the Northern Territory

paragraphs: The Administrator of the Northern Territory is the person selected by the Governor-General of Australia to act as the governor of the Northern Territory of Australia. The selection of Administrator is made by the Governor-General-in-Council, that is, the Governor-General acting on the "advice" of the Australian government, not the advice of the Government of the Northern Territory.

paragraphs: The Northern Territory became self-governing on 1 July 1978. Now the Governor-General-in Council accepts a "recommendation" from the Northern Territory Government. Unlike an Australian State Governor, the Administrator does not represent the Queen in the Territory. They represent the Governor-General who is the Queen's representative in the Commonwealth. The Administrator's role is to govern the Territory under the law which gave it self-government. The Administrator's constitutional role is almost the same as a State Governor and can be considered the Queen's "indirect" representative in the Territory.

paragraphs: The office of the "Deputy of the Administrator" was created in 1997.

paragraphs: The present Administrator is Sally Thomas, AM.

paragraphs: The Northern Territory was part of South Australia from 1846 to 1912. The administrator was known as the Government Resident.

paragraphs: The Australian government took over control of the Northern Territory in 1912.

paragraphs: There was an experiment having an extra Government Resident (Central Australia) in Alice Springs based at The Residency. Alice Springs was known as Stuart Town from 1888 to 1933.

paragraphs: The office of the "Deputy of the Administrator" was established in 1997.


title: Spring bud

paragraphs: Spring bud is the color that used to be called "spring green" before the X11 web color spring green was formulated in 1987 when the X11 colors were first invented. This color is now called "spring bud" to avoid confusion with the web color.

paragraphs: The color spring bud is also called soft spring green or spring green (traditional).

paragraphs: The first written use of "spring green" as a color name in English (meaning the color that is now called "spring bud") was in 1766.


title: Septicemic plague

paragraphs: Septicemic (or septicaemic) plague is a deadly blood infection. It is one of the three main forms of plague (the other two being the bubonic and penumonic). It is caused by the bacterium "Yersinia pestis".

paragraphs: Septicemic plague can cause the blood to form small clots through the body. Without treatment it is almost always fatal. The death rate in medieval times was 99-100 percent. Septicemic plague is the rarest of the three plagues that struck Europe in 1348, the other forms are bubonic and pneumonic plague. This disease is caused mainly by the bite of an infected rodent or insect. In rare cases it can also enter the body through an opening in the skin or by cough from another infected human. In septicemic plague the bacteria grow quickly in the blood, causing severe sepsis. The endotoxins cause disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). This is tiny clots of blood throughout the body which stops the blood getting to some areas. This causes the cells in the area to die. DIC uses up the bodies ability to make blood clot, so that it can no longer control bleeding. This means there is bleeding into the skin and other organs, which can cause red and/or black patchy rash and coughing up or vomiting of blood (hemoptysis/haemoptysis). There are bumps on the skin that look somewhat like insect bites. These bumps are usually red, and sometimes white in the center. Early treatment with antibiotics reduces the death rate to between 4 and 15 percent. People that get this disease must receive treatment in at most 24 hours or they will die. In some cases, people may even die on the same day they get the disease.

paragraphs: Note: Septicemic plague may cause death before any symptoms occur

paragraphs: The septicemic plague was the least common of the three plagues that occurred from 1348 to 1350. Like the others, the septicemic plague spread from the East through trade routes on the Black Sea and down to the Mediterranean Sea. Major port cities such as Venice and Florence were hit the hardest. The three plagues that are part of the Black Death were a major factor in the Peasant's Revolt of 1381.


title: Titian

paragraphs: Tiziano Vecellio (sometimes his last name is given as "Vecelli", born around 1490, in Pieve di Cadore near Belluno, died 27 August 1576 in Venice) was a painter. His name in English is Titian. He was one of the leading painters of the 16th century Venetian school; he is also seen as one of the principal artists of High Renaissance painting of the 16th century. When he was alive, he was often called "Da Cadore", after his place of birth.

paragraphs: When he was active, the Republic of Venice had a Golden Age, and was well-off economically. Aged nine, Titian went to Venice. The brothers Gentile and Giovanni Bellini taught him how to paint. In 1513, he opened his own shop, and developed into a successful painter, known all over Europe. In 1533, Charles V made him a nobleman. He also obtained a job as a painter at the court of Charles V. In 1545, Pope Paul III invited him to come to Rome, in 1548 and 1550, Titian accompanied Charles V and his son, Philip II to the Diet of Augsburg. When Titian died of the Plague in the year 1576, he was an old man. He was also one of the most famous painters of Venetian history.

paragraphs: Titian was very productive: in total, he painted 676 works. He did portraits, landscapes, as well as themes from mythology and religious works. All his works are very colorful. This special use of color influenced other painters of the same period a great deal. His works influenced painters such as Peter Paul Rubens, Antoine Watteau and Eugène Delacroix.


title: Giorgione

paragraphs: Giorgio Barbarelli da Castelfranco ( born 1477 or 1478, died 1510) was a Venetian painter. He is commonly known as Giorgione. He died a little over 30, probably of the plague. Today, only about six paintings can be clearly attributed to him. This makes him one of the most mysterious painters of his time. Together with Titian he was one of the most influential painters of his period. He was one of the first Venitian Painters to use Oil Paints for a medium.


title: Hamza Ben Driss Ottmani

paragraphs: Hamza Ben Driss Ottmani, born the 10th of May 1940 at Essaouira (Morocco, formerly Mogador),death the 30th of May 2012 in Rabat is a Moroccan economist and writer.

paragraphs: Aerospace engineer graduate from "École nationale de l'aviation civile" (the French civil aviation university ; promotion 1963) and economist graduate from "ENSAE ParisTech" (promotion 1973), Hamza Ben Driss Ottmani hold boarder positions in the Moroccan public administration.

paragraphs: He is best known as a writer. His work is largely focused on his hometown, Essaouira, which he often calls with it former name Mogador.

paragraphs: His first book, ""Une cité sous les alizés"" ("a city under the trade winds"), is an historical study of Mogador-Essaouira from prehistory to the World War II. Then he turned to fiction, but retaining a strong historical basis.

paragraphs: In ""Si Mogador m'était contée"" ("if Mogador could talk"), the old narrator, Lalla Aïcha, revives twenty stories from the ignored past of the city. ""Le Soldat qui venait de Mogador"" ("The soldier who came from Mogador") tells the story of the trip to Mecca of Si Taieb El Ech Chiadmi Maskali, since 1912.

paragraphs: ""Le Fils du Soleil"" ("Son of the Sun") is an historical novel which tells the amazing story of Mustapha Zemmouri, better known under the name Estevanico, Moroccan from Azemmour region, slave kidnapped by a Spanish man to America and became one of the first discoverers of Arizona and New Mexico.

paragraphs: Hamza Ben Driss Ottmani is award in 1997 by the "" Société de Géographie humaine de Paris"" ("humain geography society of Paris) with the "" prix René-Caillié"" ("René-Caillié award"). His book ""Le Fils du Soleil"" ("Son of the Sun") received in 2006 the ""Prix du Maroc du livre"" ("Morocco book award"), in creative writing category. His biography of Kaddour Benghabrit has been selected by the ""Prix Grand Atlas"" in 2011.


title: Ivan Vsevolozhsky

paragraphs: Prince Ivan Aleksandrovich Vsevolozhskii (Ivan Alexandrovich Vsevolozhsky; 2/14 April 183510/23 November 1909) was a Russian diplomat, theatre director, librettist, and designer. He served as Director of the Imperial Theatres for Saint Petersburg from 1886 to 1899. He commissioned Tchaikovsky to compose the ballets "The Sleeping Beauty" (1890) and "The Nutcracker" (1892). He wrote the libretti for both ballets with Marius Petipa. Vsevolozhsky designed costumes and scenery for 25 operas and ballets. In 1899, he was appointed Director of the Hermitage Museum. He remained in this post until his death in 1909.


title: Troy McClure

paragraphs: Troy McClure is a character in The Simpsons voiced by Phil Hartman. He first appeared in the episode "Homer vs. Lisa and the 8th Commandment". McClure is a washed-up actor, usually shown doing low-level work, such as hosting infomercials and educational movies. He appears as the central character in "A Fish Called Selma", in which he marries Selma Bouvier to protect his career from failing and quash rumors about his personal life. McClure also 'hosts' two episodes named "The Simpsons 138th Episode Spectacular" and "The Simpsons Spin-Off Showcase".

paragraphs: McClure was based on B movie actors Troy Donahue and Doug McClure as well as Hartman himself. Following Hartman's murder on May 28, 1998, the character no longer appeared on the show, making his final appearance in the tenth season in "Bart the Mother". McClure is often cited as one of the series' most popular characters; in 2006 IGN ranked him first on their list of the "Top 25 Simpsons Peripheral Characters".


title: Anton Graff

paragraphs: Anton Graff (18 Novembr 1736 - 22 June 1813) was a Swiss Female painter, of the period called Classicism. He mostly did portrait-painting, and was among the most important painters of his time. He knew how to capture the character of the people he painted. Anton Graff left many paintings of the people that were important during his time. In that sense, his paintings are historically significant.


title: Carolyn Mary Kleefeld

paragraphs: Carolyn Mary Kleefeld is an American artist and poet.

paragraphs: She has had numerous exhibitions and gallery and museum awards between 1981 and today in the major cities of the United States.

paragraphs: Since 1981, Ms. Kleefeld has created several paintings and drawings, ranging from romantic figurative to abstract.

paragraphs: Kleefeld was born in Catford, England, and moved to Southern California when she was a child. She currently lives in a cliffside house in Big Sur, California.

paragraphs: Kleefeld attended "UCLA" from 1974 to 1978, studying art and psychology.

paragraphs: "Climates of the Mind", her first book, a collection of poetry and philosophical aphorisms, was published in 1979.

paragraphs: In 2008, "Soul Seeds: Revelations & Drawings", a collection of Kleefeld’s aphorisms and drawings, was published by Cross-Cultural Communications in New York.

paragraphs: Kleefeld is an Honorary Member of IMMAGINE&POESIA, the artistic literary movement founded in Turin, Italy, with the patronage of Aeronwy Thomas (Dylan Thomas's daughter).


title: The Dream of Gerontius

paragraphs: The Dream of Gerontius is a large musical work for choir, three solo singers and orchestra composed by Edward Elgar. It was composed and first performed in 1900. It is an oratorio, although Elgar did not like it being called an “oratorio”, but this is how it is usually described. It is usually thought of as the best choral work Elgar ever wrote.

paragraphs: The words are from a poem by John Henry Newman. They are supposed to be the words of a man called Gerontius who is dying. He imagines what is going to happen to him when he dies: how he will meet God who will judge whether he has been good enough to go to heaven. The angel speaks to him in the poem. There is also a priest, and a short solo for the Angel of Agony. The work is in two parts. Part I is about 40 minutes long and Part II lasts about an hour.

paragraphs: The work was composed for the Birmingham Music Festival of 1900 and the first performance took place on 3 October 1900, in Birmingham Town Hall. There were problems at the first performance: the chorus master died while the work was being learned. Some of the music sounded strange to the choir who found it very difficult. The soloists were not very good, and it was difficult for the conductor, Hans Richter (who was an excellent conductor) to stop the choir from singing out of tune. Richter had not had time to prepare the work properly: he was only given the full score on the day before the first rehearsal. The next year the work was performed in Germany where it was well received.

paragraphs: Another reason why it was slow to become popular in England was that the ideas in the poem were from the Roman Catholic teaching (John Henry Newman was a Roman Catholic Cardinal). This meant that a lot of Anglican cathedrals did not want it to be performed, so changes were made to the text. This new version was used for performances at the Three Choirs Festival until 1910. It quickly became popular in England. It was performed in Chicago and New York in 1903, and then in many other cities.

paragraphs: A few years earlier it had been suggested to the Birmingham Festival that Antonín Dvořák should be commissioned to compose a work on “The Dream of Gerontius”. They decided that the work was “too catholic”.

paragraphs: There are three solo singers in the work. The most important is the tenor soloist who sings the words spoken by the dying Gerontius. There is also a bass who sings the Priest, and a mezzo-soprano who sings the part of the angel. The Angel of the Agony can be sung by the same bass who sings the Priest. The choir sometimes divides into two, and sometimes there is a small group of upper voices called the “semi-chorus”.

paragraphs: Newman's poem tells the story of a soul's journey through death. It is thinking about the unseen world of Roman Catholic theology. The name Gerontius comes from the Greek word "geron", "old man". The name "Gerontius" is not sung in the work, and not everyone agrees on how it is pronounced. The Greek "geron" has a hard 'g' (like in “grass”), but English words that come from it often have a soft 'g', as in "geriatriac". Elgar did not use all the words of Newman’s poem. He leaves out a lot of the meditations in Part 2 which would otherwise have made it very long.

paragraphs: In the first part, we hear Gerontius who is very faithful to God. Sometimes he is frightened but at other times he is hopeful. A group of friends (also called "assistants" in the text) joins him in prayer and meditation. He passes in peace, and a priest, with the assistants, say farewell as he sets off on his journey. In the second part, Gerontius, now called "The Soul", wakes up in a place apparently without space or time, and becomes aware that his guardian angel is there. She is happy that her task (bringing Gerontius to God) is done (the angel in Newman’s poem is male, but Elgar makes the angel female, giving the part to a female singer). They have a long conversation after which they journey to the throne of judgement. They have to pass the demons. They meet a choir of angels who are praising god. The Angel of the Agony pleads with Jesus to spare the souls of the faithful. Finally Gerontius briefly sees God and is judged in a single moment. The Guardian Angel lowers Gerontius into the soothing lake of Purgatory, gives him a final blessing and promises him he will wake up in glory.

paragraphs: Elgar scored the work for a large orchestra which includes, besides the usual instruments, piccolo, cor anglais, contrabassoon, harp and organ.

paragraphs: Although people usually describe it as an oratorio, it is not an oratorio in the traditional sense: there are no breaks in the music (except between the two parts), and it does not tell a story from the Bible.

paragraphs: The music is written in a late Romantic style which is clearly inspired by Wagner, especially by his opera Parsifal. The opening of “The Dream of Gerontius” is a long orchestral introduction which uses themes that are going to be important in the work. The music of the character Gerontius is sometimes in speech rhythm (similar to recitative) but often very lyrical. Elgar moves quickly from one style to the other. The chorus provide a wonderful reflection on what is happening. The chorus of angels singing “Praise to the Holiest in the Height” is particularly beautiful. The chorus of demons is very difficult to sing.


title: Birmingham Town Hall

paragraphs: Birmingham Town Hall is a Grade I listed building for concerts and meetings in Victoria Square, Birmingham 1, England. It was built as a home for the Birmingham Triennial Music Festival which had started in 1784 in order to raise money for a hospital.

paragraphs: Between 2002 and 2008, it was refurbished into a concert hall and is now used for many different kinds of performances such as organ recitals, rock, pop and classical concerts and events such as graduation ceremonies for Aston University. It has a famous pipe organ which has 90 stops.


title: Chloë Moretz

paragraphs: Chloë Grace Moretz (born February 10, 1997) in Atlanta, Georgia is an American model and actress. She lived until 2002 in Cartersville, Georgia, when she moved to New York City. Moretz has four older brothers: Trevor, Brandon, Colin, and Ethan. Her father, McCoy Moretz, is a plastic surgeon. Her mother, Teri Duke Moretz, is a nurse. Her acting career began in 2004. She has performed in many movies and television programs. These include "Desperate Housewives", "30 Rock", "Diary of a Wimpy Kid" , "Kick-Ass" and "Dark Shadows". Moretz got worldwide recognition for "Kick-Ass" as the character Mindy Macready (Hit-Girl). In 2013 Moretz played Carrie White in "Carrie". She was the main character in a movie for the first time.


title: Hex editor

paragraphs: A Hex editor is a piece of software that allows one to edit binary data on a computer. The name comes from the fact that such data is usually represented as hexadecimal numbers.


title: Hurricane Otto

paragraphs: Hurricane Otto was a strong tropical cyclone in November 2016. The storm was the southernmost hurricane on record to hit Central America. It was also the first Atlantic storm to survive the crossover into the Pacific Ocean since Hurricane Cesar-Douglas in 1996.

paragraphs: Otto started late on November 21 in the southwest Caribbean Sea.

paragraphs: Costa Rica, southern Nicaragua and Panama had heavy damage from the storm.

paragraphs: At least 23 people died because of Hurricane Otto.


title: NES Classic Edition

paragraphs: The NES Classic Edition (also known as NES Mini) is a smaller version of the Nintendo Entertainment System with 30 games pre-installed. It is also known as the Famicom Mini in Japan. It was released in North America and Europe on November 11, 2016, in Japan and Australia on November 10, 2016,

paragraphs: and November 23, 2016 in Russia. The console comes with one controller. The cable of the controller is 0.7 meter long.

paragraphs: The Super NES Classic Edition, released in 2017, is the successor to the NES Classic Edition.

paragraphs: The console features 720 HDMI display output and controllers that are similar to the original SNES controller. The console also includes an emulation engine developed by Nintendo European Research and Development.

paragraphs: The NES Mini comes with 30 games. Each game can be saved. There are 4 save states for each game.

paragraphs: All versions of the console (no matter what region) include the following games:

paragraphs: The North American, European, and Australian versions have the following exclusive games:

paragraphs: The Japanese "Famicom" version has the following exclusive games:

paragraphs: Some people think that the cables of the controllers of the NES Mini are too short.

paragraphs: The NES and SNES Classic editions sold more than 10 million units by September 30, 2018.


title: Morton Sobell

paragraphs: Morton Sobell (born April 11, 1917 in New York City) is an American former engineer with General Electric and Reeves Electronics. He worked on military and government contracts. He was found guilty of spying for the Soviets as a part of a ring that included Julius Rosenberg and others. Sobell was tried and convicted of espionage in 1951 and sentenced to 30 years in prison. He was released in 1969 after spending 17 years and 9 months in prison.

paragraphs: In 2008, at the age of 91, he told "The New York Times" that he did turn over military secrets to the Soviets during World War II. This was the first time he publicly admitted guilt.


title: Sumner Redstone

paragraphs: Sumner Murray Redstone (born Sumner Murray Rothstein; May 27, 1923 – August 11, 2020) was an American businessman and media magnate. He was the majority owner and chairman of the board of the National Amusements theater chain. Redstone and his family are majority owners of CBS Corporation and Viacom (itself the parent company of Viacom Media Networks, BET Networks, and the movie studio Paramount Pictures).

paragraphs: According to "Forbes", as of September 2015, he was worth US$5 billion.

paragraphs: Redstone was formerly the executive chairman of both CBS and Viacom. In February 2016, at the age of 92, a week after a court-ordered examination by a geriatric psychiatrist, Redstone resigned both chairmanships, replaced by Leslie Moonves at CBS and Philippe Dauman at Viacom. Redstone then became chairman emeritus.

paragraphs: Redstone was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He studied at Harvard College and at Georgetown University. He was married to Phyllis Raphael from 1947 until they divorced in 1999. He then was married to Paula Fortunato from 2002 until they divorced in 2009. He had two children: Brent and Shari.

paragraphs: Redstone died on August 11, 2020 at his mansion in Beverly Hills, California at the age of 97.


title: Sid Hartman

paragraphs: Sid Hartman (March 15, 1920 – October 18, 2020) was an American sports journalist for the Minneapolis "Star Tribune" and the WCCO 830 AM radio station. He was also a 20-year panelist on the weekly Sports Show with Mike Max, which aired Sunday nights at 9:30 p.m. on WUCW 23 in the Twin Cities metro area.

paragraphs: Hartman died on October 18, 2020 in Minneapolis at the age of 100.


title: Aharon Yehuda Leib Shteinman

paragraphs: Aharon Yehuda Leib Shteinman (), also Shtainman or Steinman ( – 12 December 2017) was a well-known Haredi rabbi and posek (halakhic authority) in Bnei Brak, Israel. Following the death of Rabbi Yosef Shalom Elyashiv in 2012, he was widely regarded as the Gadol Hador (Leader of the Generation), the leader of the non-Hasidic Lithuanian world.


title: Robert Dold

paragraphs: Robert James "Bob" Dold, Jr. "(Otherwise known as Robert Dold, or simply Bob Dold)" (born June 23, 1969) is the U.S. representative for the 10th congressional district of Illinois. Dold served from 2011-2013, as well as 2015-2017. In the 2016 election, he lost to Congressman Brad Schneider. Robert is a member of the Republican Party. He currently lives in Kenilworth, IL with his wife Danielle.


title: Jonas Mekas

paragraphs: Jonas Mekas (December 24, 1922 – January 23, 2019) was a Lithuanian-American filmmaker, poet and artist. He was often called "the godfather of American avant-garde cinema." His work were exhibited in museums and festivals worldwide.

paragraphs: His best known works were "Walden", "Reminiscences of a Journey to Lithuania" and "As I Was Moving Ahead Occasionally I Saw Brief Glimpses of Beauty".

paragraphs: Mekas died on January 23, 2019 at his home in New York City at the age of 96.


title: Camren Bicondova

paragraphs: Camren Renee Bicondova (born May 22, 1999) is an American actress, dancer and model. Bicondova is best known for her role as young Selina Kyle/Catwoman on the Fox television series "Gotham".


paragraphs: Institut national universitaire Jean-François Champollion is a graduate engineering school in France. It is in a campus of the Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées.

paragraphs: Its different curricula lead to the following French & European degrees :

paragraphs: Academic activities and industrial applied research are performed mainly in French and English languages. Students from a dozen of nationalities participate to the different curricula at Univ JFC.

paragraphs: Research activities at Univ JFC relate to the following topics:


title: Desmond Morris

paragraphs: Desmond John Morris (born 24 January 1928) is an English zoologist, educator, ethologist and surrealist painter. He is a popular author in human sociobiology. He was known for writing "The Naked Ape" (1967).

paragraphs: Morris was born in Purton, Wiltshire, England. He studied at Dauntsey's School in West Lavington, Wiltshire.


title: Carshalton Beeches railway station

paragraphs: Carshalton Beeches station opened on the 1st October 1906. The train operator on this station is Southern (train operating company). This station is in fare zone 5.

paragraphs: There are two platforms on this station. Platform 1 is for northbound trains towards Victoria Station only. Platform 2 is for southbound trains towards, Sutton (Surrey), Epsom and Epsom Downs.

paragraphs: This list shows the frequency of trains on typical off-peak hours.

paragraphs: London buses routes 154 operates at this station.

paragraphs: This table shows the departures from this station with the calling points and the time that is taken to get to the end of the line.


title: Clarel (poem)

paragraphs: Clarel: A Poem and Pilgrimage in the Holy Land is an epic poem by American writer and poet Herman Melville. The work was published in New York by G. P. Putnam & Company in 1876. It was author's last big book. The poem is really huge. It is composed of four parts. It consists of 150 cantos and comprises almost 18, 000 lines. It is written in rhymed verse. All the poem is written in iambic tetrameter, only final section is written in iambic pentameter. In some places the poet uses alliteration. The poem tells about a young man, named Clarel, who went on a trip to the Holy Land. The journey became for him a pilgrimage. The main theme of the poem is the seeking for faith. The main hero had lost his faith during his studies and wanted it back. One of his companions, named Vine, is believed to be a portrait of Nathaniel Hawthorne. Hawthorne was Melville's friend and a writer, too. The poem ends with some words of hope for the hero.

paragraphs: "Then keep thy heart, though yet but ill-resigned --"

paragraphs: "Clarel, thy heart, the issues there but mind;"

paragraphs: "That like the crocus budding through the snow --"

paragraphs: "That like a swimmer rising from the deep --"

paragraphs: "That like a burning secret which doth go"

paragraphs: "Even from the bosom that would hoard and keep;"

paragraphs: "Emerge thou mayst from the last whelming sea,"

paragraphs: "And prove that death but routs life into victory."

paragraphs: Melville's poem was not much appreciated in 19th century. In 20th century, however, it was called by Robert Penn Warren a precursor of "The Waste Land". In fact, T.S. Eliot's poem is about seeking for faith, too.


title: Mauisaurus

paragraphs: Mauisaurus ("Maui reptile") is a genus of plesiosaur that lived during the Upper Cretaceous about 80 to 69 million years ago. It was the largest plesiosaur, and perhaps the largest marine reptile in New Zealand waters at the time. "Mauisaurus haasti" is the only known species of the genus. A handful of specimens have been found, although only a few are well preserved and mostly complete.

paragraphs: With 68 cervical vertebrae, "Mauisaurus" had one of the longest necks of any plesiosaur. It was large, over in length. Like other plesiosaurs, it had a long slender body, with numerous vertebrae, allowing flexible movement. On its underside, "Mauisaurus" had two sets of large flippers. These aided in swimming at high speeds, but may have also allowed the plesiosaur to venture onto shorelines for short amounts of time. "Mauisaurus" was a carnivore, with sharp jagged teeth that would have been used to grip fish or squid.


title: Dapedium

paragraphs: Dapedium is an extinct ray-finned fish from the Triassic and Jurassic.


title: Komlosaurus

paragraphs: Komlosaurus (Komlo lizard) is a dinosaur known from footprints found in Hungary.


title: Ludvik Dolezal

paragraphs: Ludvik Dolezal (1956 - December 26, 2016) and a Czech man known by 'Dirtiest man in Europe was dead in December 26, 2016 and his age 60 years in Hradec Králové Region, Czech Republic.


title: Parts of a sail

paragraphs: In sailing the parts of a sail have certain terms that clearly describe them.

paragraphs: There are two types of common mainsails. The Three Sided Mainsail and the Four sided Mainsail. Each of these Mainsail types have many different names according to exact location and relationship of supporting spars.

paragraphs: The headsail of a sailboat is any sail set forward of the mast (on a single masted boat) or foremast (the mast nearest the bow). The corresponding parts are the same relative to the front of the boat. (Note: The headsail tack is the name for the lower corner of the headsail -- the sail closest to the front of the boat.)


title: Pterygotus

paragraphs: Pterygotus anglicus is an extinct Eurypterid, related to arachnids (the spider family) and commonly called "sea scorpions." It lived in the Silurian and Devonian periods.

paragraphs: Fossils have been found in North America, South America, Europe and Australia. It is related to the larger "Jaekelopterus". It is similar to the freshwater "Slimonia".

paragraphs: "Pterygotus" could reach a body length of . It had a pair of large compound eyes. It also had another pair of smaller eyes in the center of its head. It had 4 pairs of walking legs. A fifth pair of legs were swimming paddles. It also had a pair of large pincers.


title: American Airlines Flight 96

paragraphs: American Airlines Flight 96 was a flight operated by American Airlines. The flight was operated with a McDonnell Douglas DC-10. On 12 June 1972, the flight went into explosive decompression after a cargo door was blown out from the airplane. This incident occurred near the city of Windsor, Ontario, Canada. Because the incident occurred near the city, this incident is sometimes referred to as the Windsor Incident.

paragraphs: The incident was caused because of the cargo door. The cargo door was blown out of the plane because the locks of the cargo door failed. When the locks failed, the cargo door blew out and caused rapid decompression in the cargo area of the airplane. This caused the collapse of part of the passenger section of the airplane, which in turn led to some problems with the plane. The rudder of the airplane was jammed to the right, and cable controls to the second engine were separated. Luckily, no hydraulics were broken. Despite having little control of the airplane, Captain Bryce McCormick was successful in landing the airplane at Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport. After the incident, McDonnell Douglas, the maker of the aircraft, made minor changes to the locks of the cargo door. These changes would prove to be not successful with the crash of Turkish Airlines Flight 981. The crash was caused by exactly the same reason as this incident.


title: Buriolestes

paragraphs: Buriolestes (meaning "Buriol's robber") is a genus of early sauropodomorph dinosaurs from the Late Triassic of Brazil. It contains one species, B. schultzi, named in 2016. The type specimen was found alongside a specimen of the lagerpetid dinosauromorph "Ixalerpeton".


title: Lariniscotes

paragraphs: "Lariniscotes" is a trace fossil attributed to sea scorpions. The tracks were probably made by "Pterygotus" or "Eurypterus".


paragraphs: "Sonnet on the Great Suffering of Jesus Christ" () is a poem by 17th century Polish poet Stanisław Herakliusz Lubomirski. It is one of the finest examples of sonnet form in Old Polish literature. The poem is a part of "The Poems of Lent" (in Polish "Poezje postu świętego"). It was translated into English by Michael J. Mikoś (Michael J. Mikos).

paragraphs: Stanisław Herakliusz Lubomirski was a Polish nobleman. He was born in 1642. He travelled a lot in his youth. He visited France, Spain, Italy and Austria. He as interested in literature and theatre. After he had returned to Poland, he became a politician. He was a member of Sejm (Parliament). He became also the Great Marshall (that is a secretary of internal affairs). He died in 1702.

paragraphs: The sonnet was not very popular in Old Polish literature. This genre existed for three hundred years in Italy, when Polish poets started writing such poems. The first poet to write sonnets in Polish was Jan Kochanowski. After him two notable poets wrote such poems. They were Mikołaj Sęp Szarzyński and Sebastian Grabowiecki.

paragraphs: "Sonnet on the Great Suffering of Jesus Christ" is one of the best poems of the genre in 17th century Polish poetry. It follows the rules of Italian sonnet. It is made up of 11-syllable lines. All Italian sonnets were written in "endecasillabo" that is 11-syllable metre. The rhyme scheme is the most classical. There are only four rhymes. The scheme is abba abba cdc dcd.

paragraphs: "Zawisnej śmierci, czy niebieskiej siły"

paragraphs: "Są cudem męki, co zniósł Bóg wcielony?"

paragraphs: "Moc, myśl, żal, strach, pot, krew, sen zwyciężony,"

paragraphs: "Słup, cierń, krzyż, gwóźdź, żółć i bok otworzony"

paragraphs: "Z swych ran wylała, za które niech dzięki"

paragraphs: An unusual feature of the poem is a long enumeration in the 5th line and in the 8th line. It is composed of 1-syllable words. In Polish language such words are very rare. Stanisław Herakliusz Lubomirski was not the only poet to use such a poetic device. Daniel Naborowski used it earlier in the poem "The Brevity of Life" (in Polish "Krótkość żywota"). This poem was put into English by Michael J. Mikoś, too.


title: Eurypterus

paragraphs: Eurypterus is a type of extinct sea scorpion. It is the most famous type of sea scorpion, although it was far from the largest. It lived during the Silurian era and out has been found in the United States, Canada and Europe. The first "Eurypterus" fossil was discovered in 1818.


title: 64-bit computing

paragraphs: In computer science, 64-bit computing refers to a microprocessor's data stream. It means an operating system can use more computer memory at one time. This makes a 64-bit system much faster than a 32-bit system. A 32-bit system can only use up to 3.56 gigabytes of random-access memory (called RAM or memory). A 64-bit system can use much more memory making it considerably faster. Using an analogy, a 64-bit system is like a 64 line highway. If each bit were a car, it means 64 of them can move at the same time.


title: Sutton Common railway station

paragraphs: Sutton Common station opened in 1930. The only train that operates at this station is Thameslink. This station is in fare zone 4.

paragraphs: There are two platforms at this station. Platform 1 is for trains towards Luton via Wimbledon station. Platform 2 is for trains towards Sutton (Surrey).

paragraphs: This list shows the frequency of trains on typical off-peak hours.

paragraphs: London buses routes 470 and S3 operates at this station.

paragraphs: This table shows the departures from this station with the calling points and the time that is taken to get to the end of the line.


title: Singapore Airlines Flight 006

paragraphs: On October 31, 2000 Singapore Airlines Flight 006 crashed after taking off on the wrong runway at Chiang Kai-shek International Airport in Taiwan, caused by pilot error in bad weather. The aircraft was a Boeing 747-400 with 179 people on-board. 83 people were killed in the crash while 96 survived.

paragraphs: 79 passengers and four crew members died in the crash. 24 Americans, 26 Taiwanese, 11 Indians, 12 Singaporeans, 4 Malaysians, 2 Koreans, 2 British, 1 Vietnamese, 1 Chinese, 1 Hong Konger, 1 Indonesian, 1 Japanese, 1 Dutch, 1 Macaoan, 1 Kazakhstani, and 1 Filipino were among the dead.


title: LOT Polish Airlines Flight 16

paragraphs: LOT Polish Airlines Flight 16 a Boeing 767 was a regular flight from Newark to Warsaw, that made a belly landing at Warsaw Chopin Airport on November 1, 2011 without any loss of life to the 231 passengers and crew on-board.


title: Forestay

paragraphs: On a sailing vessel, a forestay, sometimes called a jibstay, or a headstay, is a piece of standing rigging. It keeps a mast from falling backwards. It is usually attached to the very top of the mast. The other end of the forestay is attached to the bow of the boat.

paragraphs: Often a sail is attached to the forestay. This sail may be a jib or a genoa. In a cutter rig, the jib or jibs are flown from stays in front of the forestay, perhaps going from the masthead to a bowsprit. The sail on the forestay is then referred to as the staysail. A forestay might be made from stainless steel wire or rod.


title: Arrondissements of the Bas-Rhin department

paragraphs: There are 5 arrondissements in the Bas-Rhin department. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into "arrondissements", which may be translated into English as districts (in some cases, as boroughs). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.

paragraphs: If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.

paragraphs: Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

paragraphs: Bas-Rhin is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790. It was divided in four districts: Haguenau, Benfeld, Strasbourg and Wissembourg, with Strasbourg as is capital. Soon, the district of Sarre-Union was created and the name of the district of Benfeld was changed to Sélestat (in its origins, Schlestadt).

paragraphs: In 1800, with the creation of the "arrondissements" in France, the five districts were changed into four "arrondissements": Strasbourg, Barr, Saverne and Wissembourg. The subprefecture of Barr was moved to Schlestadt (Sélestat) in 1806.

paragraphs: The Bas-Rhin department was eliminated in 1871 when the territory became part of Germany.

paragraphs: In 1919, Bas-Rhin is again an department when the territory became part of France with the "arrondissements" Strasbourg-Ville, Strasbourg-Campagne, Erstein, Haguenau, Molsheim, Saverne, Sélestat and Wissembourg.

paragraphs: The "arrondissements" Sélestat and Erstein were combined in 1974 to form the "arrondissement" of Sélestat-Erstein.

paragraphs: In 2015, the "arrondissements" Strasbourg-Campagne and Wissembourg were eliminated and their territories passed to the remaining "arrondissements", and only 5 were kept: Haguenau-Wissembourg, Molsheim, Saverne, Sélestat-Erstein and Strasbourg.


title: Šiprage

paragraphs: Šiprage (Шипраге) is a settlement in the Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republika Srpska entity, Kotor Varoš Municipality. The first Kotor-Varosian settlement, the medieval town Kotor, existed certainly before the 9th century, because, according to credible sources, it was previously "destroyed several times." It was named as Vasekatro „near Banja Luka“.

paragraphs: Šiprage is on the Vrbanja river. In 1991, 956 people lived in Šiprage. The highest elevation is 520 m.

paragraphs: During the Bosnian War (1992–95), Bosnian Serb Police and Army forces destroyed villages upstream along the Vrbanja to Kruševo Brdo. One of the 18 camps for detained Bosniaks from the Kotor Varoš Municipality was at the Police station (MUP) in Šiprage.

paragraphs: After 1996, most of the Bosniak villages were partly restored thanks to the Luxembourgish government. During the war, an Orthodox church was built in the centre of the village.


title: Kotor Varoš

paragraphs: Kotor Varoš or Kotor-Varoš (Котор Варош) is a town and municipality in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

paragraphs: In 2013, 22,001 people lived in Kotor Varoš.

paragraphs: The elevation of Kotor Varoš is . Total municipality area is .

paragraphs: Kotor Varoš is on the Vrbanja river, on its southeastern upstream line of the Banja Luka, about and to Šiprage also.

paragraphs: The first settlement of the medieval town Kotor, existed certainly before the 9th century, because, according to credible sources, it was previously "destroyed several times." It was named as Vasekatro „near Banja Luka“.


title: Deck (ship)

paragraphs: Decks are the main horizontal parts of a ship's structure. The crew stand and walk on the deck. A deck is the floor of a boat or ship , but open boats only have floorboards.

paragraphs: Below is a list of the many names given to different decks. They might be confusing. The list should be used with caution because there is no one agreed system for naming decks.

paragraphs: Ships over 24m long doing international business have to respect the International Convention on Load Lines. Such vessels have a deck named the Freeboard Deck. It goes from end to end in the ship and from one side to the other. Decks below the weather deck can be the Freeboard Deck, as in most ferries. The distance from the sea surface to the Freeboard Deck is named the freeboard. All these ships have a minimum freeboard. At no time may they be so deep in the water that the freeboard is smaller than the minimum freeboard. For that reason, the Freeboard Deck is an important reference point in the ship. Some shipyards and shipping companies name the Freeboard Deck as Deck 1 or 1st Deck. The decks below are 2nd Deck or Deck 2, 3rd Deck or Deck 3 etc. The decks over the Freeboard Deck have letters. The first level over the Freeboard Deck is Deck A. Over that is Deck B, Deck C etc. This system of deck names says where the deck is in the ship. This is important because the Load Line Convention has special rules about doors, windows, hatch openings and ventilation openings on Deck A and Deck B.


title: Vrbanja river

paragraphs: The Vrbanja (Врбањa) is a river in western Bosnia and Herzegovina. Along with the Ugar, it is the largest right tributary of the Vrbas. Its drainage basin covers an area of approximately 703.5 km. It has significant hydropower potential. The estimations of the Vrbanja's length vary from 84 km to 95.4 km.

paragraphs: The river is fed by numerous tributaries from Vlašić, Čemernica, Borja and Uzlomac mountains. The most significant right-side tributaries are the Bobovica, Lopača, Trnovac, Crkvenica, Stopanska rijeka, Kruševica, Jezerka, Bosanka, and Jošavka, and the most significant left-side tributaries, the Čudnić, Kovačevića potok, Ćorkovac, Demićka, Sadika, Grabovička rijeka, Duboka river, Vigošća/Vigošta, Cvrcka and Jakotina.


title: Wole Soyinka

paragraphs: Akinwande Oluwole "Wole" Babatunde Soyinka (Yoruba: "Akinwándé Oluwo̩lé Babátúndé S̩óyinká"; born 13 July 1934) is a Nigerian playwright and poet. He was awarded the 1986 Nobel Prize in Literature, the first African to be honored in that category.


title: Vrbas (river)

paragraphs: The Vrbas (Врбас) is a river in the western part of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is one of the larger tributaries of river Sava. The Vrbas is about 250 km long. The drainage basin is around 6273 km. The average flow at the mouth is 114 m/s.

paragraphs: Vrbas starts from two springs on Ze Mountain (branch of Vranica), at 1715 m above sea level. Vrbas River cuts a composite valley, passing through Skopljanska valley, Vinačka klisura (gorge), Jajce valley, canyon valley Tijesno, Banja Luka valley, and a lower flow through Lijevče polja (field).

paragraphs: The main left tributaries of the Vrbas are: Semešnica, Pliva, Black River and Krupa. The main right tributaries are Bistrica, Ugar, Svrakava, Vrbanja river, and Turjanica.


title: Banja Luka

paragraphs: Banja Luka (Бања Лука), or Banjaluka is a city in the western part of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is located on the Vrbas river. It is the second largest city in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and many people say it is one of the country's most beautiful cities. It is the administrative center of the Republika Srpska and the economic and cultural center of this part of Bosnian Krajina.

paragraphs: Its elevation is 163 m, and its total area is 1,238.91 km. According to the 2013 census, the City of Banja Luka has 185,042 inhabitants.

paragraphs: In the first century AD, Romans won the area of Banja Luka, which was then inhabited mainly members of Mezeji, an Illyrian tribe. This area was completely within the Roman province called Illyricum. Today, the city of Banja Luka is located on the road that led from Dalmatia to Pannonia, or from Salona to today's Bosanska Gradiška. Today's citadel Kastel, which is in what was the center of the city at the time, was a Roman military fortress.

paragraphs: Slavs settled Balkans and all of the current Banja Luka are in the sixth and seventh centuries, and they built several fortresses in the valley of the river Vrbas. There are not many written records from that time. The earliest Slavic settlement is also called "Vrbas," and it was first mentioned in 1320. The name of the town Banja Luka first appears in writing in 1494, in a work by Croatian-Hungarian King Vladislav. The name comes from "banjaluk" that is the Turkish-Bosnian slang for "spaing." This is because of the natural hot water suitable for baths that still exist in today's oldest settlement, Gornji Šeher/Upper Seher.


title: Ugar (river)

paragraphs: The Ugar ("Brzica" until 1878:) is a river of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is a tributary of the Vrbas river.

paragraphs: The Ugar's length is around 44.5 kilometres. Its drainage basin is around 328 km. Its largest right tributaries are: Pljačkovac, Ilomska, Kobilja, Zirin Potok and Kusin Potok (Ziro's and Kuso's creeks). The left tributaries are the creeks: namely Lužnica Potok, Dedića Potok, Andrijevića Potok, Bunar, Oraški Potok, and Kukavički Potok.

paragraphs: It starts at the slopes of Vlašić, upstream of Sažići and Melina villages. This is around 1590 meters above sea level. It is a watershed area of Vrbanja, Ilomska and Bila rivers. Its discharge is


title: Ilomska

paragraphs: Ilomska ( Иломска) is a river in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is right tributary of the Ugar. It is about in length. The river starts in Vlašić's Mountain. It is an essential body of water for surrounding wildlife.

paragraphs: Ilomska flows between the Žežnička Greda (altitude ) and Javorak () mountains. It has a curved flow around Lisina () and Runjavica () mountains, through coniferous (fir and spruce) and mixed spuce-beech woods.

paragraphs: Its flow below Petrovo polje has sharp curves.

paragraphs: After two attractive waterfalls, Ilomska flows into the Ugar, a few kilometers downstream from Vitovlje village. The height of the bigger water flow is around 40 meters. Waterfalls in this wildness attract mountain-climbers, tourists, and fishermen.


title: Vlašić (mountain)

paragraphs: Vlašić (Влашић) is a mountain in Dinaric Alps. It is in the very center of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Its highest peak is Paljenik with an elevation of 1,943 m. It is famous for its pastures, cattle-breeding and cheese. It overlooks the town of Travnik.

paragraphs: The mountain is named for the Vlassi people (called Vlachs in Bosnia). They tended their sheep there since the end of the Roman Empire. They brought one of the trademarks to the area, Vlašić cheese, about the year 1,000. Originally they used sheep milk but later used milk from cows. It is left to ripen for up to three months. The area is also known for the Tornjak dog and Pramenka sheep. The Tornjak is believed to have existed for more than a thousand years. They are bred to guard the sheep from wolves and bears. The Tornjak's name comes from the Croatian word "tor" which means "a fenced area for sheep."


title: Travnik

paragraphs: Travnik (Травник ) is a town in central Bosnia and Herzegovina, west of Sarajevo. It is the capital of the Central Bosnia Canton. It is in the Travnik Municipality. In 2013, the town of Travnik had 16,534 residents. The Travnik metropolitan area population was 57,543 people. In 1699 it became the residence of the viziers of the Ottoman province of Bosnia.

paragraphs: Travnik is close to the geographic center of Bosnia and Herzegovina at . The river Lašva flows from west to east through the city. Travnik is in the Lašva valley. This valley connects the Bosna river valley to the Vrbas river valley.

paragraphs: Travnik is above sea level. The Vilenica and Vlašić mountains are two of the geographical features found near Travnik. Vlašić mountain is at the very center of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Its highest peak is Paljenik with an elevation of .


title: Central Bosnia Canton

paragraphs: The Central Bosnia Canton (, ) is the sixth of ten cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is in the center of the country, to the west of Sarajevo. The center of the canton government is in Travnik. According to the census of 2013, the population was 273,149 in the Central Bosnia Canton. This is a population density of 85.65/km

paragraphs: The canton is split into the municipalities of Bugojno, Busovača, Dobretići, Donji Vakuf, Fojnica, Gornji Vakuf-Uskoplje, Jajce, Kiseljak, Kreševo, Novi Travnik, Travnik, Vitez.


title: West Sutton railway station

paragraphs: West Sutton station opened in 1930. The only operator for this station is Thameslink. This station is in Fare Zone 5.

paragraphs: There are two platforms for this station. Platform 1 is for trains towards Sutton (Surrey). Platform 2 is for trains towards Luton.

paragraphs: This list shows the frequency of trains on typical off-peak hours.

paragraphs: London buses route 413 operates at this station.

paragraphs: This table shows the departures from this station with the calling points and the time that is taken to get to the end of the line.


title: Wallington railway station

paragraphs: Wallington station opened in 1847. The trains for this station are operated by Southern (train operating company). This station is in fare zone 5.

paragraphs: There are two platforms for this station. Platform 1 is for trains towards Victoria station via Crystal Palace and Norbury. Platform 2 is for trains towards Sutton (Surrey), Epsom and Epsom Downs.

paragraphs: London buses routes 127, 151, 157, 410, 455, 463, 612, 627, 633 and S4 operates at this station.


title: Arrondissement of Haguenau-Wissembourg

paragraphs: The arrondissement of Haguenau-Wissembourg is an arrondissement of France in the Bas-Rhin department in the Grand Est region. Its capital is the city of Haguenau.

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Haguenau-Wissembourg was formed when the former "arrondissements" of Haguenau and of Wissembourg were merged on 1 January 2015 to form the new "arrondissement". Several communes from the arrondissements of Strasbourg-Campagne and Saverne were added as well.

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Haguenau-Wissembourg is in the northeast of the Bas-Rhin department. It is bordered to the north and east by Germany, to the south by the Strasbourg "arrondissement", to the southwest by the Saverne "arrondissement" and to the west by the Moselle department.

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Haguenau-Wissembourg has an area of . It is the largest of the 5 "arrondissements" of the department but the second in population (240,402 inhabitants), with a population density of inhabitants/km².

paragraphs: After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements".

paragraphs: There are 5 cantons in the arrondissement of Haguenau-Wissembourg:

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Haguenau-Wissembourg has 142 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː

paragraphs: The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are:


title: Versace

paragraphs: Versace S.p.A, usually called Versace is an Italian luxury fashion house. It was founded by Gianni Versace in 1978. One of the logos of the brand represents the head of Medusa.

paragraphs: Since the death of Gianni Versace in 1997, Donatella Versace is the head of designs. Her daughter Allegra Versace owns half of the company.


title: Arrondissement of Molsheim

paragraphs: The arrondissement of Molsheim is an arrondissement of France in the Bas-Rhin department in the Grand Est region. Its capital is the city of Molsheim.

paragraphs: At the 2015 arrondissements reform, the "arrondissement" of Molsheim was expanded with several communes from the "arrondissements" of Strasbourg-Campagne and Saverne.

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Molsheim is in the west of the Bas-Rhin department. It is bordered to the north by the Saverne "arrondissement", to the east by the Strasbourg "arrondissement", to the southeast by the Sélestat-Erstein "arrondissement", to the southwest by the Vosges department, to the west by the Meurthe-et-Moselle department and to the northwest by the Moselle department.

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Molsheim has an area of and a population of 103,068 inhabitants for a population density of inhabitants/km².

paragraphs: There are 3 cantons in the arrondissement of Molsheim:

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Molsheim has 77 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː


title: Nanotyrannus

paragraphs: Nanotyrannus (meaning "dwarf tyrant") is a doubtful genus of tyrannosaurid dinosaur. They may be a juveniles of "Tyrannosaurus" or a similar genus. The issue is not yet decided.

paragraphs: Only two or three specimens are known. They are from the end of the Upper Cretaceous, 67 million years ago.


title: Arrondissement of Saverne

paragraphs: The arrondissement of Saverne is an arrondissement of France in the Bas-Rhin department in the Grand Est region. Its capital is the city of Saverne.

paragraphs: At the 2015 arrondissements reform, the "arrondissement" of Saverne was expanded with several communes from the "arrondissement" of Strasbourg-Campagne, and some of its communes were reassigned to the arrondissements of Haguenau-Wissembourg and Molsheim.

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Saverne is the most western of the Bas-Rhin department. It is bordered to the northeast by the Haguenau-Wissembourg "arrondissement", to the southeast by the Strasbourg "arrondissement", to the south by the Molsheim "arrondissement". The Moselle department is to the southwest, west and north.

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Saverne has an area of and a population of 129,272 inhabitants for a population density of inhabitants/km².

paragraphs: There are 3 cantons in the arrondissement of Saverne:

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Saverne has 164 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː


title: Bosniaks

paragraphs: The Bosniaks (Bošnjaci/Бошњаци, feminine: "Bošnjakinja"/Бошњакиња) are South Slavic nation and ethnic group. They come from Old Bosnia, which is today Bosnia and Herzegovina, though many of them are from the other Balkan populations, especially Serbia, Montenegro and Croatia. They come from medieval Bosnians or Bošnjani, Slavic that lived in what was then Bosnia. Medieval Bosniaks or Bosnians (called Dobri bošnjani = "Good Bosnians") practiced different religions but they all spoke the Bosnian language. Today, Bosniaks are mostly Bosnian-speaking, and write in the Latin alphabet or Cyrillic alphabet. Most modern Bosniaks are Muslims, and some are agnostic and atheists. They have both European and Islamic heritage. Both within the Balkans region and throughout the world, Bosniaks are often noted for their unique culture, which has been influenced by both eastern and western civilizations and schools of thought over the course of their history.

paragraphs: The Oxford English Dictionary says the ethnonym "Bosniak" was first used in English by the British diplomat and historian Paul Rycaut in 1680. He spelled it "Bosnack" to sound like the post-classical Latin "Bosniacus" (possibly earlier than 1682), the French word "Bosniaque" (1695 or earlier) or the German word "Bosniak" (1737 or earlier). An ethnonym is a name of a group of people. The 1836 version of "Penny Cyclopaedia" V. 231/1 uses the modern spelling:

paragraphs: All Slavic languages use the suffix "-ak" for masculine nouns. For example, people from the ethnic group in Poland can be called "Polak" and people from Slovakia Slovaks ("Slovák"). Consequently, "Bosniak" is logic equivalent to its non-ethnic counterpart "Bosnian," which came to English from Middle French as "Bosnien"): a native of Bosnia.

paragraphs: English-speakers usually say "Bosnian Muslims" when they mean Bosniaks, but this is not completely correct because not all Bosniaks are Muslims. Partly because of this, ever since the country Yugoslavia broke up, people have started to say "Bosniak" instead of "Muslim" as an official way to talk about this group of people ethnic term to avoid confusion. They also say "Bosnians", but this word can mean anyone from Bosnia or Herzegovina, not just members of the Bosniak ethnic group.

paragraphs: A few million Bosniaks live in the Balkans, and about one million other Bosniaks live in other parts of the world. Ethnic cleansing and genocide during World War II (1939-1945) and the Bosnian War (1993–95) killed many Bosniaks and drove others to move away from where they had been living. Partially because of this this, there has been a Bosniak diaspora in a number of countries, including Bosnian Austrians, Germany, Bosnian Australians, Sweden, Turkey, Canada, and the United States.


title: Arrondissement of Sélestat-Erstein

paragraphs: The arrondissement of Sélestat-Erstein is an arrondissement of France in the Bas-Rhin department in the Grand Est region. Its capital is the city of Sélestat.

paragraphs: When the Bas-Rhin department was created on 1800, the arrondissement of Sélestat (or Sélestat-Erstein) was part of that original department. The subprefecture of Barr was moved to Schlestadt (Sélestat) in 1806.

paragraphs: In 1974, the "arrondissements" of Sélestat and Erstein were combined to form the new "arrondissement" of Sélestat-Erstein.

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Sélestat-Erstein is the most southern of the Bas-Rhin department. It is bordered to the west and north by the Molsheim "arrondissement", to the northeast by the Strasbourg "arrondissement", to the east by Germany, to the south by the Haut-Rhin department and to the soutwest by the Vosges department.

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Sélestat-Erstein has an area of and a population of 155,916 inhabitants for a population density of inhabitants/km².

paragraphs: After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements".

paragraphs: There are 5 cantons in the "arrondissement" of Sélestat-Erstein:

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Sélestat-Erstein has 101 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː

paragraphs: The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are:


title: Arrondissement of Strasbourg

paragraphs: The arrondissement of Strasbourg is an arrondissement of France in the Bas-Rhin department in the Grand Est region. Its capital, and prefecture of the department, is the city of Strasbourg.

paragraphs: The arrondissement of Strasbourg was created at the 2015 "arrondissements" reform by the merger of the former "arrondissement" of Strasbourg-Ville with part of the "arrondissement" of Strasbourg-Campagne.

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Strasbourg is in the west of the Bas-Rhin department. It is bordered to the north by the Haguenau-Wissembourg "arrondissement", to the south by the Sélestat-Erstein "arrondissement", to the southwest by the Molsheim "arrondissement" and to the west by the Saverne "arrondissement". Germany is to the east of the "arrondissement".

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Strasbourg is the smallest of the "arrondissements" of the department with an area of but is the one with more people living in it with a population of 484,157 inhabitants for a population density of inhabitants/km².

paragraphs: There are 11 cantons in the "arrondissement" of Strasbourg:

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Strasbourg has 33 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː


title: Joe Ranft

paragraphs: Joseph Henry "Joe" Ranft (March 13, 1960 – August 16, 2005) was an American screenwriter, animator, storyboard artist, voice actor and magician. He worked for Pixar Animation Studios and The Walt Disney Company. His brother, Jerome Ranft, is a sculptor who also worked on several Pixar movies.

paragraphs: He received an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay nomination as one of the writers of "Toy Story" (1995). He was also a story supervisor for the film. He had just finished his assignment as head of story for the 2006 movie "Cars", when he was killed in a car crash.


title: Bosnian War

paragraphs: The war in Bosnia and Herzegovina or Bosnian War is generally accepted name for an international military conflict in the area of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which lasted from April 6th 1992 to December 14th 1995, between Serbia and Montenegro, the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Croatia. This war is often appointed and as The aggression on Bosnia and Herzegovina and Civil War in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Bosnia and Herzegovina was formally indicted Serbia and Montenegro for genocide before the International Court of Justice. The Court 21st February 2007 published a judgment in which he concluded that the war have had international character.

paragraphs: It is estimated that in the nearly four-year war killed between 100,000 and 200,000 people, while over two million people to leave their homes. According to recent reports in the war has killed around 94,000 inhabitants, and displaced about 1.8 million. War is caused by a complex combination of the general political, social and security crisis in the country, which followed the end of the Cold War and the fall of the socialist system in Yugoslavia. The war ended with the signing Peace Agreement in Dayton, Ohio on 21 November 1995.


title: Flåm, Norway

paragraphs: Flåm is a village in Norway. It is in the municipality of Aurland in Sogn og Fjordane county.

paragraphs: The closest airport is Sogndal Airport, Haukåsen, which is about 70 kilometres from Flåm. The European route E16 highway between Oslo and Bergen runs through Flåm.

paragraphs: In 2014, the population was reported to be around 350.


title: Laetitia Casta

paragraphs: Laetitia Casta (born 11 May 1978) is a French actress and model. She is a spokesmodel for L'Oréal since 1998. She was a Victoria's Secret Angel from 1998 to 2000.

paragraphs: In 1999, she had her first role in a movie. It was "Asterix & Obelix Take On Caesar" by Claude Berri.

paragraphs: In 2008, she had a Swann d'Or for her rôle in the movie "Born in 68".

paragraphs: In 2011, she was nominated for the César Award for best actress, for her role of Brigitte Bardot in the movie "".

paragraphs: In 2012, she was made Chevalier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by Frédéric Mitterrand.

paragraphs: Since 2014, she has a wax sculpture at the Musée Grévin, a wax museum in Paris.


title: Muck, Scotland

paragraphs: Muck is an island in Scotland. It is the smallest main island of the Small Isles, which are part of the Inner Hebrides. There are about 27 people living on the island. Most of them live near Port Mòr.


title: North Rona

paragraphs: North Rona is an island in Scotland. It is in the Inner Hebrides.

paragraphs: It has an area of 109 hectares (270 acres). The maximum elevation is 108 metres (354 ft). No people live on the island.


title: Ischigualasto Provincial Park

paragraphs: Ischigualasto Provincial Park is a protected area in San Juan Province, north-western Argentina. The park is also called Valle de la Luna ("Valley of the Moon") due to its otherworldly appearance.

paragraphs: It contains the geological formation called the "Ischigualasto Formation". The formation is also included in the Talampaya National Park in the La Rioja Province. The Ischigualasto Formation has fossils from the Triassic period. These are some of the oldest known dinosaur remains.

paragraphs: In 2000 UNESCO included Ischigualasto in its World Heritage Sites.


title: Martin Sjögren

paragraphs: Martin Sjögren (born 27 April 1977) is a Swedish football coach. He became the coach of the Norway women's national football team in 2016. He won the Damallsvenskan title with Linköpings FC in 2016, then agreed to take the Norway national team job.


title: Port Mòr

paragraphs: Port Mòr is a harbor and settlement on the Isle of Muck in the Inner Hebrides off the West Coast of Scotland. It has a population of 27 people.

paragraphs: In 2011, a fossil was discovered in Port Mor. It was a bony fish named "Moricus" in 2015 after Port Mor, where it was discovered.


title: Andrew Kishino

paragraphs: Andrew Kishino (born March 20, 1970) is a Japanese-Canadian voice over artist with recent roles including Janja on "The Lion Guard" and Saw Gerrera on "".

paragraphs: He married to voice actor Vanessa Marshall in 2001 and broke up in 2007.


title: Collonges, Switzerland

paragraphs: Collonges is a municipality of the district of Saint-Maurice in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.


title: Dorénaz

paragraphs: Dorénaz is a municipality of the district Saint-Maurice in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.


title: Sutjeska National Park

paragraphs: The Sutjeska National Park is a national park in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is in the Republika Srpska. Established in 1962, it is Bosnia and Herzegovina's oldest national park.

paragraphs: The park includes the highest mountain in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Maglić. The park covers an area of about .

paragraphs: Perućica Forest Reserve is located within the park. It is long, wide, and has an area of . It is a UNESCO recognized site. The forest has many trees that are 300 years old. It is a primeval forest.


title: Cockpit (sailing)

paragraphs: A cockpit is a name for the location of the controls of a vessel. It is usually an open well in the deck of a boat outside the cabin. In modern boats a cockpit may refer to an enclosed area. Smaller boats typically have an "aft cockpit," towards the stern of the boat. Larger vessels may provide a "center cockpit" with greater protection from the weather. On a recreational sailboat, the cockpit is often the safest place for the crew.

paragraphs: In the Royal Navy, the term "cockpit" originally meant the place where the coxswain was stationed. This led to the word being used for the area near the stern of a small boat that houses the rudder controls. The midshipmen and master's mates were later assigned to sleep in the cockpit. It was also the place where the ship's surgeon and his mates were stationed during battle.


title: Gummy bear

paragraphs: A gummy bear is a small fruit gum candy that is made to look like a bear. It is kind of sticky.


title: Kruševo Brdo

paragraphs: Kruševo Brdo is a village in central Bosnia and Herzegovina. It belongs to the Municipality of Kotor Varoš. It is divided into Krševo Brdo I and II for administration.

paragraphs: This village is located at the beginning of the valley of the Vrbanja river. It is on the northeastern slopes of the Vlašić mountain. It is km to Šiprage and to Kotor-Varoš. The valley spreads along the Vrbanja river to its estuary in Vrbas (Banja Luka). The Ilomska river is north of Kruševo Brdo. All local roads descend into this place.

paragraphs: During the Bosnian War (1992–95), Bosnian Serb Police and Army forces destroyed Bosniaks's villages downstream along the Vrbanja from Kruševo Brdo, via Šiprage, and Kotor Varoš to Banja Luka. After 1996, most of the Bosniak's villages were partly restored thanks to the Luxembourgish government.


title: Misiones Department

paragraphs: Misiones () is a department in Paraguay. The capital is the city of San Juan Bautista. Its code is PY-08.

paragraphs: Its present name was given to the province because it was a region where there were several Jesuit missions.

paragraphs: The town of Yabebyry was established in 1790, and later, the towns of San Miguel and San Juan Bautista were founded. In 1906, the Misiones department was created in 1906 as the "San Ignacio" department with 8 districts: San Ignacio, Santa Rosa, Santa María, Santiago, San Juan Bautista, San Miguel, Ayolas and Florida. When the department was renamed as Misiones in 1945, its capital was moved from San Ignacio to San Juan Bautista.

paragraphs: The Misiones department is in the south of the "Oriental" region. It has an area of , of the area of Paraguay. Its estimated population in 2013 is 119,719 for a population density of inhabitants/km.

paragraphs: Misiones department is relatively flat and several rivers and streams flow through its territory. The northern and southern borders of the department are formed by, respectively, the "Tebicuary" and the "Paraná" rivers.

paragraphs: , the total amount of precipitation for the year 2012 in the city of San Juan Bautista was . The month with the most precipitation was April with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation was June with .

paragraphs: The average temperature for the year 2012 in San Juan Bautista was . The warmest month, on average, was February with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is July, with an average temperature of .

paragraphs: The department is divided in 22 districts:

paragraphs: The basic economical activity of this department is cattle raising. As for agriculture, the fields are mainly in the north and center of the department.

paragraphs: Its main attractions are the beaches formed by the rivers Paraná and Tebicuary. Villa Florida is a city which offers landscapes to its visitors.


title: Eigg

paragraphs: Eigg is a small island off the coast of Scotland. It is 9 km wide and has a population of 83 people. Eiggs highest point is it's only mountain, An Sgùrr.


title: Dayton S. Mak

paragraphs: Dayton S. Mak (born July 10, 1917) is a former U.S. diplomat. He served posts in England, Libya, Lebanon, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Germany. He was the first U.S. ambassador of Kuwait. Mak was also former Director of the Bureau of Intelligence and Research, for Near East South Asia Affairs.


title: Leah Bracknell

paragraphs: Leah Bracknell (born Alison Rosalind Bracknell 12 July 1964 – September 2019) was an English actress. She was best known for her role as Zoe Tate in "Emmerdale". She was also a teacher with the British School of Yoga and designs and produces her own line of jewelry.

paragraphs: In October 2016, Bracknell revealed that she was suffering from terminal lung cancer. She died from the disease at her Worthing home in September 2019, aged 55.


title: Gord Downie

paragraphs: Gordon Edgar "Gord" Downie (6 February 1964 – 17 October 2017) was a Canadian rock musician, writer, and occasional actor.

paragraphs: He was the lead singer and lyricist for the Canadian rock band The Tragically Hip. He released five solo albums: "Coke Machine Glow" (2001), "Battle of the Nudes" (2003), "The Grand Bounce" (2010), "And the Conquering Sun" (2014) and "Secret Path" (2016). On the first three of these, he was backed by the Country of Miracles;

paragraphs: Downie was diagnosed with glioblastoma, a rare form of brain cancer in May 2016. He died from the disease on 17 October 2017 in Toronto at the age of 53.


title: Nobby Stiles

paragraphs: Norbert Peter "Nobby" Stiles MBE (May 18, 1942 – October 30, 2020) was an English footballer. He was born in Collyhurst, Manchester.

paragraphs: Stiles played for England for five years, winning 28 caps and scoring 1 goal. He played every minute of England's victorious 1966 FIFA World Cup campaign. His best performance in an England shirt was probably the semi-final of that tournament against Portugal, where he was given the job of marking the prolific Eusébio. His tough performance resulted in Eusébio being practically nullified for the entire game.

paragraphs: Stiles also played very well in the final, which England won 4–2 against West Germany. His post-match celebration has become one of the most famous images in English sport history. The sight of Stiles dancing on the Wembley pitch, holding the World Cup trophy in one hand and his false teeth in the other, has lived for decades.

paragraphs: On 24 November 2013, it was announced that Stiles was diagnosed with prostate cancer.

paragraphs: Stiles died on 30 October 2020 after suffering with prostate cancer and advanced dementia in Manchester, aged 78.