title: Compiled language

paragraphs: A compiled programming language is a programming language which is compiled. When a program is compiled, the compiler will change it from a programming language that a person can read, to a set of instructions that a computer can follow. These instructions (written in machine code) are then stored as an executable in a file. This file can be run quickly by the computer.

paragraphs: The other kind of language is an interpreted language. A program, or even single lines, will be interpreted one line at a time by the computer. This is slower for a computer than following compiled instructions. But it can be faster to write and test programs that are interpreted.

paragraphs: Scripting languages are often interpreted. Some languages can be either compiled or interpreted. Java, Lisp, Python and AutoIT are examples.


title: Self Esteem

paragraphs: "Self Esteem" is a song by the Californian punk rock group The Offspring. It was released as the second single from the album "Smash" (1994). It was also the first major single to be released by the band. The song was a worldwide hit, reaching #1 in Latvia, Norway, and Sweden and was one of the most successful singles released by the band. However, according to frontman Dexter Holland, the song has not been very popular in Japan.


title: Gotta Get Away

paragraphs: "Gotta Get Away" is a song by the Californian punk rock group The Offspring. It was released as the third and last single from the album "Smash" (1994). The song was a modest hit in several countries, while it peaked at #6 on Billboard's Modern Rock charts in the United States. "Gotta Get Away" was inspired by an early track, "Cogs", written while the band was still named Manic Subsidal. The lyrics refer to the pressure that lead singer Dexter Holland was under to finish the album on time.


title: Memory address

paragraphs: In computer science, a memory address identifies the place in the computer memory where a computer program or a hardware device can store data and later retrieve it.


title: Ignition (album)

paragraphs: Ignition is the second album by American punk rock band The Offspring, released in 1992. This was their first album released on Epitaph Records (a label owned by Bad Religion guitarist Brett Gurewitz).

paragraphs: Released during the breakthrough year for alternative rock and grunge, The Offspring achieved small success with "Ignition" in Southern California and gathered a small following. This success would grow with their next album "Smash". "Kick Him When He's Down" was released as a promotional single in 1995 after the band had risen in popularity; it is one of the few singles that did not appear on the "Greatest Hits" album.


title: Ixnay on the Hombre

paragraphs: Ixnay on the Hombre is the fourth album by American punk rock band The Offspring, released in 1997. This was their first album released on the major label Columbia Records (however, in Europe, it was released on Epitaph) and also its first collaboration with record producer Dave Jerden, who would produce the band's next album "Americana" (1998). Even though the album did not maintain the same popularity as "Smash", "Ixnay on the Hombre" was well received by both critics and fans, selling more than 5.5 million copies worldwide, and being certified platinum by the RIAA.


title: Americana (The Offspring album)

paragraphs: Americana is the fifth album by American punk rock band The Offspring, released in 1998. One of their most successful albums to date, it debuted at #6 on the US "Billboard" 200 and peaked at #2. The album has sold more than 10 million copies worldwide.

paragraphs: All songs written by the Offspring; except "Feelings" - Morris Albert and Louis Felix-Marie Gaste, with lyrical parody by Dexter Holland.


title: Conspiracy of One

paragraphs: Conspiracy of One is the sixth album by American punk rock band The Offspring, released in 2000. The album debuted at 9 on the US Billboard 200 with around 125,000 copies sold in its first week and has sold more than 1 million copies worldwide. It is the follow-up to the commercially successful "Americana".

paragraphs: The Offspring had come out in support of file sharing, claiming it does not hurt sales. This album was originally planned to be released directly on their website before retail, until their label threatened to sue.

paragraphs: "Conspiracy of One" is also the band's final studio album with the most successful line-up, as drummer Ron Welty left band in early 2003 to pursue his career with Steady Ground.


title: Splinter

paragraphs: Splinter is the seventh album by American punk rock band The Offspring, released in 2003. It was the first album the band released without drummer Ron Welty and even though many of their previous albums contain explicit langugage, it was the first to have a Parental Advisory.

paragraphs: While the album was not as successful as The Offspring's albums between "Smash" and "Conspiracy of One", "Splinter" received gold certification two months after its release. The album received average reviews, but still sold reasonably well, even though a third U.S. single was never released. It debuted at 30 on the US Billboard 200 with around 87,000 copies sold in its first week, and has sold more than 1.8 million copies worldwide.


title: Rise and Fall, Rage and Grace

paragraphs: Rise and Fall, Rage and Grace is the eighth album by American punk rock band The Offspring, released in 2008. It was their first album of new material in nearly five years, following 2003's "Splinter", and their first to be produced by Bob Rock. It had produced four singles: "Hammerhead", "You're Gonna Go Far, Kid", "Kristy, Are You Doing Okay?" and "Half-Truism".

paragraphs: Although drummer Atom Willard (who left in July 2007) was still a member of the band during the recording, session musician Josh Freese actually handled the drum tracks, like he did on "Splinter". Due to contract issues with Geffen Records, Willard could not do recording on the album and later decided to leave the band and continue his duties in Angels & Airwaves full time while former Face to Face drummer Pete Parada joined the band just in time for the tour.


title: Jumping

paragraphs: Jumping is a form of movement in which an organism pushes itself up through the air and falls back down. Jumping is different from running, galloping and other ways of moving because the body is airborne for a longer period of time.

paragraphs: Some animals, such as the kangaroo, use jumping as their main form of traveling, while others, such as frogs, only use it to escape predators. Jumping is also an important feature of many different activities and sports, including the long jump, high jump, and show jumping.

paragraphs: One way to classify jumping is by looking at how the feet launch and land. In this classification system, there are five basic types of jumping:


title: Maia Chiburdanidze

paragraphs: Maia Chiburdanidze (; born 17 January 1961) is a Georgian chess grandmaster, and the seventh Women's World Chess Champion. She is the only chess player in history who has won nine Chess Olympiads. Maia is one of the very few women who has won a top-class grandmaster tournament. Chiburdanidze's FIDE Elo rating in the January 2010 list is 2514, and she is still the 11th highest rated female player in the world.

paragraphs: Maia Chiburdanidze was born in Kutaisi, Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, USSR and started playing chess around the age of eight. She became the USSR girls' champion in 1976 and a year later she won the Soviet women's title. In 1977 she was awarded the title of Woman Grandmaster.

paragraphs: Chiburdanidze finished 2nd in the Tbilisi Women's Interzonal (1976), thereby qualifying for the 1977 candidates matches. She advanced through to the Candidates Final, where she beat Alla Kushnir by 7½–6½ to set up a world title match in Pitsunda, Georgia, against Nona Gaprindashvili, the reigning women's world champion. Chiburdanidze defeated Gaprindashvili by 8½–6½. Then 17, she was and still is the youngest to win the Women's World Chess Championship.

paragraphs: She successfully defended her title four times. In 1981 she drew a tough match 8–8 against Nana Alexandria, in Tbilisi, but kept the title as Champion. Three years later she played Irina Levitina in Volgograd, Russia and won convincingly by 8–5. The next defense came against Elena Akhmilovskaya in Sofia in 1986, and Chiburdanidze won the match by 8½–5½. In 1988 she retained her title again by narrowly winning a match in Telavi, Georgia against Nana Ioseliani by 8½–7½.

paragraphs: She was awarded the grandmaster title in 1984. She was the second woman, after Gaprindashvili, to be awarded the title.

paragraphs: Xie Jun of China won the right to challenge for the world championship in February 1991. Chiburdanidze lost her crown to the young Chinese player in Manila by 8½–6½. Her reign was the third longest, at 14 years, behind only that of the first women's champion, Vera Menchik, who reigned for 17 years from 1927 until her death in 1944, and that of Gaprindashvili's 16 years.

paragraphs: She has attempted to regain the world title but, with the rise of the Chinese women and the formidable Polgár sisters, this has not proved possible.

paragraphs: Chiburdanidze, like many of the top women players, is not impressed with 'women's chess' in general, and she prefers to play chess with men. She has played extensively in men's tournaments around the world and her best form was seen in the 1980s and early 1990s. She was 1st in tournaments at New Delhi (1984) and Banja Luka (1985) and equal third at the very strong Bilbao 1987. In the next decade she finished 1st at Belgrade (1992), Vienna (1993) and Lippstadt (1995).

paragraphs: She was a key member of the USSR team that dominated the women's Olympiads of the 1980s. When Georgia achieved independence from the Soviet Union in 1990, she played board 1 for the new Georgian national team that won four gold medals, in 1992, 1994, 1996 and 2008.

paragraphs: She also played in the European Team Championships of 1997 when Georgia won the gold medal. In the 2008 Dresden Olympiad, she played on board 1 for Georgia, which won the gold medal (1st place). She won the gold medal for best performance.


title: Taiping Rebellion

paragraphs: The Taiping Rebellion was a civil war in China from 1850 to 1864. It was led by Hong Xiuquan. The Taiping Rebellion was against the ruling Qing Dynasty. About 20 million people died. Most of them were civilians.

paragraphs: Hong established the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (太平天囯). When it was most powerful, it had about 30 million people joining in it. The rebels tried to change society. Troops were nicknamed the Long hair (長毛, cháng máo).

paragraphs: Hong Xiuquan was a clever student. He wanted to go into government service. He studied hard and would probably have passed the government tests. However, he discovered that the officials in charge expected bribes. Hong's family was poor at this time and did not have any money.Their family was loyal to the old Ming dynasty, and decided that his failure was because of the corrupt Manchu Qing dynasty. Soon after, Hong became seriously ill. In a fever, he saw himself in the "Thirty-third Heaven". He said that he saw a man called the Venerable (Respected) in Years. The Venerable in Years gave Hong a sword and told him to destroy the demon-worshipers who had rebelled against the Venerable in Years. With the help of the Venerable in Years's son, Hong saw himself doing battle against the demon forces.

paragraphs: Shortly after he became healthy again, Hong read the Old Testament and believed it showed his vision was right. He felt that he had met with God and that God had chosen him for a son/prophet/messiah.

paragraphs: Nimade wanted to know more about Christianity. The missionaries he met disagreed with Hong's vision. They did not agree that he was the brother of Jesus. Hong left them and decided to make his own cult. In Hong's cult, God was the Father, Christ was the Son and Elder (Older) Brother, and Hong was the Younger Brother. He called the New Testament the "Former Testament". He called his own ideas the New Testament. Hong's friend Yang Xiuqing used to sell firewood. Yang claimed to be able to act as a voice of God, to direct the people and gain political power.

paragraphs: China was very weak at this time, and the people were hungry. People began to join Hong's new religion. By 1851 he had a ten-thousand-man army. The rebels cut off their pigtails and made their hair loose. This showed that they were in rebellion to the Manchu.

paragraphs: The Taiping Rebellion lasted from 1851 to 1864. It has been guessed that in the fighting, 20 to 30 million people died. At last, corruption of the rebellion's leaders made people angry. Hong committed suicide in June 1864. The Ever-Victorious Army led by Charles George Gordon joined the war. The Taiping capital, Nanjing, became controlled by the Imperial Army.


title: David Pizarro

paragraphs: David Pizarro (born 11 February 1979) is a Chilean football player. He plays for Roma.


title: Nilmar Honorato da Silva

paragraphs: Nilmar Honorato da Silva (born 17 July 1984) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Villarreal and Brazil national team.


title: Danilo Gomes

paragraphs: Danilo Gustavo Vergne Gomes (born 15 October 1981) is a Brazilian football player.


title: Nobuhiro Maeda

paragraphs: Nobuhiro Maeda (born 3 June 1973) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Minoru Kushibiki

paragraphs: Minoru Kushibiki (born 10 June 1967) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Kota Ueda

paragraphs: Kota Ueda (born 9 May 1986) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Júbilo Iwata.


Keisuke Funatani


title: Shun Morishita

paragraphs: Shun Morishita (born 11 May 1986) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Kyoto Sanga.


title: Steven Reid

paragraphs: Steven Reid (born 10 March 1981) is an Irish football player. He plays for West Bromwich Albion.


title: Li Tie

paragraphs: Li Tie (born 18 September 1977) is a Chinese football player. He has played for China PR national team.


title: Kota Mizunuma

paragraphs: Kota Mizunuma (born 22 February 1990) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Yokohama F. Marinos.


title: Vujadin Boškov

paragraphs: Vujadin Boškov (16 May 1931 – 27 April 2014) was a former Serbian football player. He played for Yugoslavia national team.

paragraphs: Boškov died on 27 April 2014 in Novi Sad, aged 82.


title: Genki Nakayama

paragraphs: Genki Nakayama (born 15 September 1981) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Shonan Bellmare.


Hiroshi Nakano


title: Edmar Bernardes dos Santos

paragraphs: Edmar Bernardes dos Santos (born 20 January 1960) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.


title: Kazumasa Kume

paragraphs: Kazumasa Kume (born 6 July 1955) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Takahiro Yodogawa

paragraphs: Takahiro Yodogawa (born 4 March 1951) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Susan Polgar

paragraphs: Susan Polgar (born 19 April 1969 as "Polgár Zsuzsanna" and often known as "Zsuzsa Polgár") is a Hungarian-American chess player.

paragraphs: At 15, she was the top-ranked woman player in the world. She was the Women's World Chess Champion from 1996 to 1999. In October 2005 Polgar had a FIDE rating of 2577, making her the second-ranked woman in the world at the time, after her sister Judit Polgár. She has been inactive and has not played in official competition since 2004.

paragraphs: Polgar is head of the Susan Polgar Institute for Chess Excellence at Texas Tech University, and a chess writer and promoter. She had been on the Executive of the United States Chess Federation, but was stripped of her membership after a complicated internal struggle.

paragraphs: Susan was born and brought up in Budapest, Hungary, and now lives in Lubbock, Texas. She recently moved from Forest Hills, Queens in New York City, where she ran the Polgar Chess Center and the Susan Polgar Foundation, which gives chess training to children, especially girls.

paragraphs: Polgar and her two younger sisters, Judit and Sofia, were part of an educational experiment carried out by their father László Polgár. He and his wife Klara educated their three daughters at home, with chess as the specialist subject.

paragraphs: In January 1991, Polgar became the third woman to earn the Grandmaster title. Much is made, by her supporters, of the fact that Polgar had got the three GM norms and a rating over 2500. Nona Gaprindashvili was awarded the Grandmaster title in 1978 mainly as a result of winning Lone Pine International 1977, but she did not quite make the usual 24 games required at that time. Maia Chiburdanidze was awarded the GM title in 1984 for winning at New Delhi (1984), and for beating Nona Gaprindashvili and two others in matches for the Women's World Chess Championship. However, before Polgar reached the title, Chiburdanidze had more than achieved the traditional GM qualifications by her performances at Banja Luka and Bilbao.

paragraphs: Polgar had tended to avoid women-only tournaments, but she abandoned this when she entered the 1993 cycle for the Women's World Championship. She became the Women's World Champion at her second attempt in 1996. Two years later, her title defense against Xie Jun of China was scheduled to take place in November, 1998. However, Polgar requested a postponement because she was pregnant and also FIDE had been unable to find a satisfactory sponsor. Ultimately, in 1999, a match was arranged, but under conditions to which Polgar objected – firstly because she had recently had a child, and had not had sufficient time to recuperate, and secondly because the match was to be held entirely in China, the home country of her challenger. She also wanted a significantly larger prize fund.

paragraphs: When Polgar refused to play under these conditions, FIDE declared that she had forfeited the title, and instead organized a match between Xie Jun and Alisa Galliamova for the Women's World Chess Championship, which was won by Xie Jun. Polgar sued in the Court of Arbitration for Sport in Lausanne, Switzerland for monetary damages and the restoration of her title. In March 2001, the case was settled, with Polgar withdrawing her claims and FIDE agreeing to pay Polgar's attorney's fees in the amount of $25,000. Since Xie Jun had already been crowned Women's World Champion, FIDE could not restore the title to Polgar. Polgar has not participated in subsequent Women's World Championship cycles.

paragraphs: Paid substantial appearance fees by the Hungarian Chess Federation, the family did play together in two female-only events. The Hungarians (nicknamed 'Polgaria') won the Women's Chess Olympiads, with a team packed with Polgárs, in 1988 and 1990. Zsuzsa, Judit, Sofia (the least strong sister) and Ildiko Madl were the team which pushed the Soviet Union into second place for the first time.

paragraphs: The United States Chess Federation named Polgar "Grandmaster of the Year" in 2003, the first time a woman has won that honor. In that same year (2003), Polgar also became the first woman to win the US Open Blitz Championship, against a field which included seven grandmasters. She won that title again in 2005 and in 2006.

paragraphs: She helped train and played the top board for the United States women's team at the 2004 Chess Olympiad held in October in Majorca, Spain. Overall, the team won the silver medal, and Polgar won an individual gold medal. This was not her first Olympiad: she has a total of ten Olympiad Medals (five Gold, four Silver, and one Bronze). She has played 56 games in the Olympiads, never losing a single game.

paragraphs: In 1994, Polgar married computer consultant Jacob Shutzman, and moved to New York. They had two sons, Tom and Leeam, but later divorced. In December 2006, she married her longtime business manager and friend, Paul Truong.

paragraphs: Polgar is also a chess journalist, with columns in "Chess Life", "Chess Life for Kids", "ChessCafe", "Chess Horizons", "Georgia Chess", "Chessville", "Empire Chess", "School Mates", and "Europe Echecs".


title: Christian Pander

paragraphs: Christian Pander (born 28 August 1983) is a German football player. He plays for Schalke.


title: Dado Pršo

paragraphs: Dado Pršo (born 5 November 1974) is a former Croatian football player. He has played for Croatia national team.


title: Mart Poom

paragraphs: Mart Poom (born 3 February 1972) is a former Estonian football player. He has played for Estonia national team.


title: Antonios Nikopolidis

paragraphs: Antonios Nikopolidis (born 14 January 1971) is a Greek football player. He has played for Greece national team.


title: Sean Waltman

paragraphs: Sean Michael Waltman (born March 13, 1972) is an American professional wrestler. He is currently signed with WWE. He wrestled there under the ring names 1–2–3 Kid and X-Pac. These changed a lot from 1993–2002. He wrestled with World Championship Wrestling (WCW) under the ring name Syxx, and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) under the ring name Syxx-Pac and also under his real name. Waltman is the only wrestler in history to have held the TNA X Division Championship, the WCW Cruiserweight Championship, and the WWE Light Heavyweight Championship. Waltman is a member of the group known in wrestling as The Kliq. This is made up of Waltman, Shawn Michaels, Triple H, Kevin Nash, and Scott Hall.


title: Raven (wrestler)

paragraphs: Scott Anthony Levy (born September 8, 1964), better known by his ring name Raven, is an American wrestling producer, wrestling writer, and occasional author, actor and professional wrestler. He currently works for different independent promotions. During his career he has held multiple championships across the world.

paragraphs: He is a three-time World Champion. He won the ECW World Heavyweight Championship twice and the NWA World Heavyweight Championship once. He also held the WCW United States Championship once. He is the record holder for most reigns as WWF/E Hardcore Champion with 39 reigns.


title: Mommy's Little Monster

paragraphs: Mommy's Little Monster is the first album by American punk rock band Social Distortion. It was released in 1983 under the label 13th Floor Records. While this album was not commercially successful, it was critically acclaimed, and is even considered one of the best selling albums ever made on an independent label. The album features their live staples "The Creeps", "Another State of Mind", "Telling Them" and the title track, which has been frequently played by KROQ, the legendary Los Angeles, California radio station.


title: Beachwood, Ohio

paragraphs: Beachwood is a city in Ohio. It is well known for its schools. Its schools have been given a blue ribbon award, making them one of the best schools in Ohio.


title: Against the Grain

paragraphs: Against the Grain is the fifth album by American punk rock band Bad Religion, released on the Californian independent record label Epitaph Records on November 23, 1990. After the release of this album, drummer Pete Finestone left Bad Religion in 1991 to concentrate with his new project The Fishermen. Following his departure, their music would take a different direction on their next album, 1992's "Generator".

paragraphs: "Against the Grain" was highly anticipated by both music critics and fans as a result of the band's success with their last two albums, "Suffer" and "No Control". Even though "Against the Grain" still did not break Bad Religion into mainstream audiences, it was the first 100,000 seller, and showed how quickly they were growing.

paragraphs: The album's 13th track, "21st Century (Digital Boy)", was re-recorded and appeared on their eighth full-length studio album "Stranger Than Fiction". The "Stranger Than Fiction" version of that song made Bad Religion even more popular.


title: Recipe for Hate

paragraphs: Recipe for Hate is the seventh album by American punk rock band Bad Religion. It was released on the Californian independent record label Epitaph Records in 1993. It was released again on Atlantic Records after the band signed to that label.

paragraphs: Despite being released on a major label, "Recipe for Hate" initially received mixed reviews from music critics, who generally found it to be less impressive than Bad Religion's older albums, but it has gained a cult following in recent times. The album got the band's highest U.S. chart position to date, debuting at #14 on Billboard's Heatseekers chart, and scored the radio hits "American Jesus" and "Struck a Nerve".


title: Greg Hetson

paragraphs: Greg Hetson (born June 29, 1961) is an American guitarist. He was born in Brooklyn, New York, but moved to Los Angeles, California when was 2 years old and still lives there today. Hetson is best known as the guitarist for the influential hardcore punk bands Redd Kross, Circle Jerks and Bad Religion. He was a founding member of Black President and also plays guitar in another supergroup, Punk Rock Karaoke.


title: Flower Street

paragraphs: The XV Street is in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. It is a stretch of 15th Street downtown. Since 1971, only people are allowed in it.

paragraphs: It is the first promenade in Brazil, and is lined with many businesses. At the end of the year, the show "At The Palace Coral Avenue" takes place here by the headquarters of HSBC in Brazil. The street have many stores and restaurants , it is a famous street in Curitiba.


title: You're My Heart, You're My Soul

paragraphs: "You're My Heart, You're My Soul" is the first single by the German duo Modern Talking. The song is part of their debut album ""The 1st Album"". The single was released in 29 October 1984. It reached the Germany Top 10 in 28 January 1985. Five weeks later, the single topped the German charts. where it stayed six weeks, It was in the German charts for 25 weeks. It earned gold status for selling 250,000 units there.<ref name="Gold/Platin-Datenbank"></ref> "You're My Heart, You're My Soul" is known as the best selling single of the duo. It sold over 8 million copies. It reached #1 in other thirty-five countries.

paragraphs: The single was sold 500,000 in France. It earned gold in France too.<ref name="Les Meilleures Ventes Tout Temps de 45 T. / Singles"></ref> The music video of the single was recorded in 1984. It was filmed in the RTL studios in Luxembourg.

paragraphs: The single was re-released in 1998 as "You're My Heart, You're My Soul '98". It marked the duo's comeback after their 1987 break-up. This time, it gained a similar success. It earned gold for selling more than 250,000 in Germany alone.

paragraphs: You're My Heart, You're My Soul '98 is the first single by Modern Talking from their seventh album "Back for Good". It is the first one they release after their comeback in 1998. It is a remix of "You're My Heart, You're My Soul". The original song was released in 1984.

paragraphs: The single was released in 16 March 1998. It reached Top 5 in countries such as Germany, Switzerland, Austria, and France. It reached Top 10 in Sweden and Finland.<ref name="Chartverfolgung/MODERN TALKING/Single"></ref> In Germany, the single reached the Top 10 in 6 April 1998. It topped #2 the following week. It stayed ten weeks within the Top 10. The single earned platinum for selling more than 500,000 units in Germany. In France, the single reached #3. It earned gold for selling more than 250,000 units.

paragraphs: The song has been recorded by many other artists. The following is a list of the most notable recordings by other artists:


title: Francisco Yeste

paragraphs: Francisco Yeste (born 6 December 1979) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Athletic Bilbao.


title: Philip Ifil

paragraphs: Philip Ifil (born 18 November 1986) is an English football player. He plays for Colchester United.


title: Manuel Almunia

paragraphs: Manuel Almunia (born 19 May 1977) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Arsenal.


title: Pierre Womé

paragraphs: Pierre Womé (born 26 March 1979) is a Cameroonian football player. He plays for Köln and Cameroon national team.


title: Raúl Albiol

paragraphs: Raúl Albiol (born 4 September 1985) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Real Madrid and Spain national team.


title: Ivan Klasnić

paragraphs: Ivan Klasnić (born 29 January 1980) is a Croatian football player. He plays for Bolton Wanderers and Croatia national team.


title: Willesden

paragraphs: Willesden is an area found in North-west London. The name "Willesden" comes from the Anglo-saxon word: "Willesdune" which means The Hill of the Spring.

paragraphs: Willesden has two London Underground stations, with both of them bounding between Travelcard zones 2 and 3:

paragraphs: Here's a list of famous people who were born in Willesden:

paragraphs: Philip Ifil: Football player playing for Colchester United.


title: Antonín Panenka

paragraphs: Antonín Panenka (born 2 December 1949) is a former Czech football player. He has played for the Czechoslovakian national team. He played most of his career for Bohemians Prague.  Panenka won UEFA Euro 1976 with Czechoslovakia. In the final against West Germany, he scored the winning penalty in the shootout with a softly-chipped ball up the middle of the goal as the goalkeeper dived away; this style of penalty is now called the Panenka penalty. In 1980, he won Czechoslovak Footballer of the Year.

paragraphs: An attacking midfielder known for the quality of his passing and his free kicks, Panenka played for Bohemians Praha for most of his career, joining the club in 1967. In 1981, Panenka left Bohemians for Austrian club Rapid Wien, where he won two Bundesliga titles and an Austrian Cup. In 1985 Rapid reached the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup final; Panenka played as a substitute, but his side lost 3–1 to Everton.

paragraphs: Panenka came to international prominence playing for Czechoslovakia at UEFA Euro 1976, where Czechoslovakia reached the final, facing West Germany. After extra time, the match finished 2–2, and so the first penalty shootout in a European Championships final ensued. The first seven kicks were converted until West Germany's fourth penalty taker, Uli Hoeneß, ballooned his shot over the bar. With the score 4–3, Panenka stepped up to take the fifth Czechoslovakian penalty, to win the match under immense pressure. He feigned shooting to the side of the goal, causing German goalkeeper Sepp Maier dive to his left, and then gently chipped the ball into the middle of the net.


title: David Healy

paragraphs: David Healy (born 5 August 1979) is a Northern Irish retired football player.


title: Hiroyuki Nishijima

paragraphs: Hiroyuki Nishijima (born 7 April 1982) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Consadole Sapporo.


title: Public nudity

paragraphs: Public nudity is nudity that is not in private. It means a person being nude in a public place, or seen from public places. Nudity in private places, such as a home, swimming pool, or nudist club does not count, as these are private places.

paragraphs: In some places, public nudity may be legal. For example, some beaches are nude beaches, where nudity is allowed. Nudist resorts are created so that patrons can be nude. Nudist events such as World Naked Bike Ride allow nudity for a short time where it would otherwise not be allowed.

paragraphs: In most other places, public nudity is unacceptable. It is often illegal. Exhibitionists often appear nude in public to attract attention. Protesters also appear naked in public at times.

paragraphs: Nudism promotes public nudity in a group, but in special locations.


title: Vincent Candela

paragraphs: Vincent Candela (born 24 October 1973) is a former French football player. He has played for France national team.


title: Polgár

paragraphs: Polgár is a Hungarian name which may refer to:


title: Emiliano Moretti

paragraphs: Emiliano Moretti (born 11 June 1981) is an Italian football player. He plays for Genoa.


title: Paolo Cannavaro

paragraphs: Paolo Cannavaro (born 26 June 1981) is an Italian football player. He plays for Napoli.


title: Ranko Popović

paragraphs: Ranko Popović (born 26 June 1967) is a former Serbian football player.


title: Diego Ribas da Cunha

paragraphs: Diego Ribas da Cunha (born 28 February 1985) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Juventus.


title: Thomas Sørensen

paragraphs: Thomas Sørensen (born 12 June 1976) is a Danish football player. He plays for Stoke City and Denmark national team.


title: Zanesville, Ohio

paragraphs: Zanesville is a city in and the county seat of Muskingum County, Ohio, United States. The population was 25,487 at the 2010 census.

paragraphs: It was founded by Ebenezer Zane. Zane had constructed Zane's Trace, a pioneer road through present-day Ohio. He settled in the area in 1797 with his son-in-law, John McIntire. They put the town at the point where Zane's Trace met the Muskingum River.

paragraphs: From 1810-1812, the city was the second state capital of Ohio. The National Road runs through Zanesville as U.S. Route 40. Novelist Zane Grey, a descendant of the Zane family, was born in the city.

paragraphs: The city has two engineering landmarks: the Muskingum River Canal, designated a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark; and the Zanesville Y-Bridge, the only such structure in the United States still in use and listed on the National Register of Historic Places.


title: Entomophagy

paragraphs: Entomophagy is a term of Ancient Greek origins, and means using insects as a source of food. It can be found in insects that eat other insects, birds, amphibians and mammals. Non-human animals that feed on insects are known as insectivores.

paragraphs: The term also describes human insect-eating, which can be found in parts of North, Central and South America, Africa, Asia, the Middle East, Australia and New Zealand. Insect-eating is uncommon, or even taboo in some societies.


title: Kazumasa Takagi

paragraphs: Kazumasa Takagi (born 17 December 1984) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Tochigi.


title: Yasuhito Morishima

paragraphs: Yasuhito Morishima (born 18 August 1987) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Oita Trinita.


title: Takuya Miyamoto

paragraphs: Takuya Miyamoto (born 8 July 1983) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Montedio Yamagata.


Kohei Miyazaki


title: Circle Jerks

paragraphs: The Circle Jerks are a legendary punk rock band from California. The band was formed in 1979 by Black Flag's original singer, Keith Morris, and future Bad Religion guitarist Greg Hetson. They were one of the preeminent hardcore punk bands of the L.A. scene in the early 1980s. As of April 2010, the Circle Jerks have released six full-length albums. Their latest one, "Oddities, Abnormalities and Curiosities", came out in 1995.


Naoki Ishikawa


title: Ryota Miki

paragraphs: Ryota Miki (born 12 April 1985) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Fagiano Okayama.


title: Saeed Al-Owairan

paragraphs: Saeed Al-Owairan (born 19 August 1967) is a former Saudi Arabian football player. He has played for Saudi Arabia national team.


title: Shinya Kawashima

paragraphs: Shinya Kawashima (born 20 July 1978) is a Japanese professional athlete. He is best known as an association football player.


Shunsuke Oyama


title: Boeing X-37

paragraphs: The Boeing X-37 is an unpiloted demonstration spaceplane that is intended to test future spaceflight technologies while in orbit and during atmospheric reentry. It is a reusable robotic spacecraft based on the smaller X-40. The X-37 began as a NASA project in 1999, then was transferred to the US Department of Defense in 2004. The X-37 had its first flight as a drop test in April 2006 at Edwards AFB. The spacecraft was launched in April 2010 to begin a United States Air Force mission.

paragraphs: In 1999, NASA chose Boeing to design the vehicle. The vehicle was built at the California branch of Boeing's Phantom Works. At the end of 2002, a new $300 million contract was awarded to Boeing in the framework of NASA’s Space Launch Initiative.

paragraphs: The X-37 was transferred from NASA to the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency in September, 2004. The program has become a secretive, though it is not known whether DARPA will maintain this status for the project.

paragraphs: In June 2005, the X-37 completed a captive-carry flight underneath the White Knight at Mojave Spaceport, Mojave, California. Through the second half of 2005, the X-37 underwent structural upgrades including reinforcement of the nose wheel supports. Further captive-carry flight tests and the first drop test were expected mid-February 2006.

paragraphs: March 2006 was scheduled for the X-37's first free flight but a snow storm covered the area, dropping snow on the Mojave. The next flight attempt in March was canceled due to high winds. In late March the X-37 flew, but a flaw prevented the free flight and the vehicle returned to the ground still docked with its White Knight carrier. In April 2006, the X-37 made its first free glide flight. During landing the vehicle ran off the runway. After the vehicle was repaired, the program moved from Mojave to Air Force Plant 42 (KPMD) in Palmdale, California for the remainder of the flight test program. White Knight continued to be based at Mojave, but would ferry over to Plant 42 when flights were scheduled. Five additional flights were performed, at least one of which is believed to have been a free flight with a successful landing.

paragraphs: In November 2006 the U.S. Air Force announced it would develop the X-37B from the NASA X-37A. The Air Force version is designated X-37B Orbital Test Vehicle (OTV). The OTV program builds on industry and government investments by DARPA, NASA and the Air Force. The X-37B effort will be led by the Air Force Rapid Capabilities Office and includes partnerships with NASA and the Air Force Research Laboratory. Boeing is the prime contractor for the OTV program. The X-37B can remain in orbit for up to 270 days at a time.

paragraphs: The Secretary of the Air Force states the OTV program will focus on "risk reduction, experimentation, and operational concept development for reusable space vehicle technologies, in support of long term developmental space objectives."

paragraphs: The X-37B was originally scheduled for launch in the payload bay of the Space Shuttle, but following the "Columbia" accident, it was transferred to a Delta II. It was then transferred to the Atlas V following concerns over the spacecraft's aerodynamic properties during launch.

paragraphs: The main engines are fueled by JP-8 kerosene, a military standard jet fuel. The maneuvering engines are fueled by hydrogen peroxide. This is wrong, the propellants were changed to hypergols long ago when it was a NASA program.

paragraphs: The X-37 was originally designed to be carried into orbit in the Space Shuttle cargo bay, but underwent redesign to launch on Atlas V and Falcon 9 after it was determined that a shuttle flight would be uneconomical.

paragraphs: This vehicle has the potential to become the United States' first operational military spaceplane, after the cancellation of Dyna-Soar in 1963. It is expected to operate in a velocity range of up to Mach 25 on reentry. Among the technologies to be demonstrated with the X-37 are improved thermal protection systems, avionics, the autonomous guidance system, and an advanced airframe. The on-board engine is the Rocketdyne AR-2/3, which is fueled by hydrogen peroxide and JP-8.

paragraphs: The X-37's aerodynamic design was derived from the Space Shuttle, hence the X-37 has a similar lift-to-drag ratio, and a lower cross range at high altitudes and mach numbers than the Hypersonic Technology Vehicle.

paragraphs: The test vehicle, which was used as an atmospheric drop test glider, had no propulsion system. Instead of an operational vehicle's payload bay doors it had an enclosed and reinforced upper fuselage structure to allow it to be mated with a mothership. Most of the thermal protection tiles were 'fake', made of inexpensive foam rather than ceramic; a smaller number of the X-37's tiles were actual TPS tiles, and TPS blankets were used in areas where heating would not have been severe enough to require tiles.

paragraphs: Following their missions, X-37B spacecraft are to land on a runway at Vandenberg Air Force Base, California with Edwards Air Force Base as an alternate site.


title: Puerto Natales

paragraphs: Puerto Natales is a Chilean commune. It is in the Region of Magallanes and the Chilean Antarctica. The city was founded in 1911. It had 19,116 people as of 2002. It has an area of . It is also the capital of the Province of Última Esperanza.


title: Aftershock

paragraphs: An Aftershock is a smaller earthquake which comes after a large earthquake (called the main shock) in the same area. An aftershock is the opposite of a foreshock, which a small earthquake comes before the large earthquake.

paragraphs: There are many laws which aftershocks meet, but the most famous is Omori's Law. In 1894, Fusakichi Omori did some works on aftershocks, and firstly he came up with this rule:

paragraphs: By 1961, Utsu wanted to change the rule. His rule looked like this:

paragraphs: where "p" changes the rate, this mainly has a number between 0.7 and 1.5.


title: Barcode

paragraphs: A barcode is a way of storing numbers printed in a way that a computer can easily read. The first barcodes stored the numbers using lines (bars).

paragraphs: The first use of barcodes was to label railroad rolling stock. They became a big success when they were used in supermarket checkout systems. The first product that used a barcode was a pack of Wrigley's Juicy Fruit Gum sold on June 26, 1974. It was invented by IBM engineer George J. Laurer. Barcodes are now used for many purposes.

paragraphs: Norman Joseph Woodland and Bernard Silver developed the modern barcode, and were granted a patent for it in 1952. The idea was to make the checkout of articles easier, using a code which was inspired by Morse code. In 1959, David Collins developed a system for tracking railroad carriages which used barcodes. This system was unreliable, because of dirt on the barcodes. In the 1970s, the system was abandoned, but in the 1980s, a similar system which used radio tags was introduced.

paragraphs: There are different barcode types, which use different designs:

paragraphs: The standard barcode uses changes in lines and spaces to store numbers in a code that computers can read. The lines are read by a scanner and changed into numbers. It is designed that it can be read forwards or backwards, so the user does not have to be careful how a product is put in front of the reader. A laser line can be used to scan (read) the changes. The laser scanners are also called barcode readers. Since this laser line scans in one direction (left or right), this is called a 1D barcode.

paragraphs: Newer 2D systems use symbols other than bars and can hold more information, but they are also called barcodes. They need to be scanned left or right, and up or down (two directions). QR codes were invented in 1994 to use in factories to track parts and products. People use them for many purposes in the 21st century. Special software can read QR from an image. Smartphones can have an app to show and read them. This is becoming increasingly popular as more apps are able to use such features to help the user obtain access to websites and special resources, such as being used in 'digital cities', such as Bordeaux. Many kinds of tickets, including those for transport, have a QR code.

paragraphs: Barcodes — especially the Universal Product Code, UPC — have slowly become an important part of modern life. They are used in many places, and the technology is constantly improving. Some modern uses of barcodes are:

paragraphs: In sales, the use of barcodes can provide up-to-date information to help the business. For example:


title: Nathalia Dill

paragraphs: Nathalia Goyannes Dill Orrico, better known as Nathalia Dill (March 24, 1986 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) is a Brazilian actress. She played the villain, Débora Rios, in the fifteenth season of the series Malhação. In her last television work, Nathalia was protagonist of the novel "Paraíso", Benedito Ruy Barbosa, where she played the character Maria Rita (Santinha).


title: Optical mark recognition

paragraphs: OMR (optical mark recognition) is a form of automated data input. Marks are made on a specially printed paper forms which are then read by an OMR reader. The data is then sent to a computer for processing.

paragraphs: One of the most common uses of OMR is in multiple choice examinations. Students mark their answers on specially printed sheets using either a pencil or a special marker. The sheets are then collected in and the data read using a sheet feed OMR scanner


title: Optical character recognition

paragraphs: Optical character recognition (OCR) is a method of automatic data entry. OCR software is used to convert handwritten, type-written or printed text into data that can be edited on a computer.

paragraphs: In simple systems, the paper documents are scanned with an image scanner. The OCR software then looks at the image and compares the shapes of the letters to stored images of letters. In this way, it makes a text file that can be edited with a normal text editor.

paragraphs: More complex systems look at images, layout and so on. This can make editable electronic versions which look identical to the original documents.

paragraphs: OCR works best with clean, clearly printed materials.


title: Nhundiaquara River

paragraphs: Nhundiaquara River is in the Serra do Mar, on the coast of Paraná, Brazil.

paragraphs: The historic river was the first natural route linking the coast to the state plateaus. At the start of the settling, it was named Cubatão, being considered the richest gold river, thus contributing significantly to the development of the counties.


title: Istrian Italians

paragraphs: Istrian Italians are one of the ethnic groups of Istria. The others are Croatians, Slovenians and Istrorumanians.

paragraphs: The Istrian Italians are the descendants of the romanized Illyrian population of Istria during the Roman Empire. During the Middle Ages they were under domination of many political states, like the Byzantine Empire and the Holy Roman Empire. But most of the time they were under the Republic of Venice, especially during the Renaissance.

paragraphs: The Istrian Italians enjoyed a huge cultural development in the centuries under Venice: Pola and Capodistria were important centers of art and culture during the Italian Renaissance. Personalities like Pier Paolo Vergerio (a famous "Humanist") and Santorius Santorio (a physician who discovered the medical thermometer) are renowned worldwide.

paragraphs: In the last two centuries, the Istrian Italians, who were the majority of the population of Istria under Napoleon, have been in continuous ethnic fighting with the Slavs of Istria. As a consequence, they have been reduced to a small minority, who have survived the Istrian exodus and the Foibe massacres during and after WWII.

paragraphs: According to the Italian Census done in 1936, in the peninsula of Istria there were 294,000 residents; most were Istrian Italians. Here, there are the percentages for all the Istrian cities/districts:

paragraphs: Currently, there are nearly 50,000 Istrian Italians; a small minority of the Istria peninsula population. They are mainly divided between Croatia and Slovenia, but a few thousand still live in Italy (in the coastal city of Muggia near Trieste).

paragraphs: Indeed, in various municipalities in actual Croatia and Slovenia, census data shows that there are still significant numbers of Italians living in Istria, such as 51% of the population of Grožnjan/Grisignana, 37% at Brtonigla/Verteneglio and nearly 30% in Buje/Buie.


title: Valentina Tolkunova

paragraphs: Valentina Vassilyevna Tolkunova (Валентина Васильевна Толкунова; b. 12 July 1946, Armavir - d. 22 March 2010, Moscow) was a Russian singer.


title: Toshikazu Kato (born in 1969)

paragraphs: Toshikazu Kato (born 22 April 1969) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Luke Moore

paragraphs: Luke Moore (born 13 February 1986) is an English footballer. He plays for West Bromwich Albion.


title: Anthony Le Tallec

paragraphs: Anthony Le Tallec (born 3 October 1984) is a French football player. He plays for Le Mans.


title: Lee Bowyer

paragraphs: Lee Bowyer (born 3 January 1977) is an English football player. He plays for Birmingham City.


title: Justin Hoyte

paragraphs: Justin Hoyte (born 20 November 1984) is an English football player. He plays for FC Cincinnati.


title: Armand Traoré

paragraphs: Armand Traoré (born 8 October 1989) is a French football player. He plays for Arsenal.


title: Steven Taylor

paragraphs: Steven Taylor (born 23 January 1986) is a English football player. He plays for Newcastle United.


title: Makoto Okubo

paragraphs: Makoto Okubo (born 3 May 1975) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Mitsuaki Kojima

paragraphs: Mitsuaki Kojima (born 14 July 1968) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Katsuhiro Minamoto

paragraphs: Katsuhiro Minamoto (born 2 July 1972) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Yasuyuki Sato

paragraphs: Yasuyuki Sato (born 12 April 1966) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Francisco Javier García

paragraphs: Francisco Javier García (born 8 February 1987) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Benfica.


Portuguese


title: Design management

paragraphs: "Simply put, "design management" is the business side of design. Design management encompasses the ongoing processes, business decisions, and strategies that enable innovation and create effectively-designed products, services, communications, environments, and brands that enhance our quality of life and provide organizational success."

paragraphs: This means that design management is not limited on a single design discipline. In his 'Classification of Design' (1976), Gorb divided design into three different classes; design management operates in and across all three categories:

paragraphs: Design management is not independent from the organization and product context, and plays three integrative key roles in the interface of design, organisation and market:

paragraphs: Supportive activities are used in design management to manage design more efficient ('doing the things right') and effectively ('doing the right things'). Depending on a multitude of factors (such as industry, company size, design focus, market situation and the position / role of design within the company), design managers have a broad range of job profiles, with very different roles, activities and responsibilities.

paragraphs: It is difficult to exactly trace the history of design management. Even though design management as an expression is first mentioned in literature in 1964, earlier contributions created the context in which design management could arise. Throughout its history design management was influenced by a number of different disciplines (e.g. architecture, industrial design, management, software development, engineering) and movements (e.g. system theory, design methodologies) and in its understanding it can be attributed neither directly to design nor to management.

paragraphs: Historical development of design management:

paragraphs: Design management can be divided by its different fields of application into the three different levels:


title: Middlegame

paragraphs: The middlegame is the part of a game of chess after the opening.

paragraphs: The middlegame begins when most of the pieces have been developed. It is where most games are won and lost. Many games will end in resignation even before an endgame takes place.<ref name="H/W">Hooper D. and Whyld K. 1992. "The Oxford companion to chess". 2nd ed, Oxford University Press.</ref>

paragraphs: The simplest way to learn the middlegame is to select an opening and learn it well (see examples in English opening and French defence).

paragraphs: A middlegame position has a structure, caused by the opening. These are some things to look for when looking at a middlegame position:

paragraphs: • Material: changes in the balance of material are critical. To lose a piece for nothing is enough to lose a game. If the players are evenly matched, then a rough material balance of pieces is normal. Material balance is often quite static: it doesn't change for many moves. On the other hand, material may be sacrificed, usually for a direct attack on the opposing king.

paragraphs: • Development: the opening may have left one player with a lead in development. That player has the initiative, and may attack before the opponent can get his pieces out. It is a temporary asset: if a lead in development is not used effectively, it will disappear.

paragraphs: • The centre: in the centre pieces have their greatest effect, and some (such as the knight) attack more squares in the centre than at the sides. The player who controls the centre will almost always have the advantage.

paragraphs: • Mobility: a position is mobile if the pieces can get where they need to. Almost all middle game positions have some limitations to mobility. Look for open files for the rooks, and open diagonals for the bishops. Outposts are what knights need, places where they can't easily be dislodged.

paragraphs: • King safety: where is the king? Ideally, a king should be castled, and kept behind a screen of pawns. Many other things may happen in practice. If a king is weak, it may be put under direct attack. If the kings castle on opposite wings, and queens are on the board, both players may try to assault the enemy king.

paragraphs: • Pawns provide the skeleton of a position. They move slowly, and may become blocked for many moves. Everything takes place round the pawns. Different openings produce different pawn structures. In this way openings influence the whole game. Notice these things when they occur:

paragraphs: The Tarrasch variation of the French defence gives us: 1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.Nd2 c5 (3...Nf6 is popular) 4.exd5 exd5 5.Nf3 Nc6 6.Bb5 Bd6 7.dxc5 Bxc5 8.0-0 Ne7 9.Nb3 Bd6 10.Re1 0-0 11.Bg5 Bg4 and so on. Now the opening is over, and all the pieces are developed. This line is quiet, and mostly about the centre.

paragraphs: The isolated black QP is what gives the middlegame its character. The pawn itself is both a weakness and a potential source of strength. It controls the very important square e4, but leaves the equally important d4 much weaker. The position is fairly equal, but the database shows that White has an advantage of about 7%.

paragraphs: In the English opening this line became popular: 1.c4 Nf6 2.Nc3 e6 3.e4 c5 4.e5 Ng8 5.Nf3 Nc6 6.d4 (this is the critical move: White tries to take advantage of his development at the expense of a pawn) 6...cxd4 7.Nxd4 Nxe5 8.Ndb5 a6 9.Nd6+ Bxd6 10.Qxd6 f6 11.Be3 Ne7 12. Bb6 (looks like it wins the Q) Nf5 and now both 11.Qc5 and 11.Bxd8 give White an advantage of only 2.4%.

paragraphs: The variation involved a number of middlegame themes: rapid development, material sacrifice, exploiting weak squares. In total, it is a frantic struggle for the centre.

paragraphs: Rapid development is the benefit of the old-style gambits. An opening such as 1.e4 e5 2.d4 exd4 3.c3 dxc3 4.Bc4 (known as the Danish Gambit) is virtually never played nowadays, but White does get good value for his pawn(s). Some trainers recommend young players try this out to learn how to get the best out of rapid development.

paragraphs: Many middlegames are played around blocked or semi-blocked pawn chains. The pawn chains are decisive in deciding the players' plans. These plans often involve a K-side v Q-side struggle, with each player attacking his opponent's pawn base.

paragraphs: 1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.Nc3 Bb4 4.e5 c5 5.a3 Bxc3+ 6.bxc3 Ne7 7.Qg4 Qc7 (7...0-0 is possible) 8.Qxg7 Rg8 9.Qxh7 cxd4 10.Ne2 and so on. The play in lines like this is strongly asymmetric: White owns the kingside, and Black owns the queenside.

paragraphs: This example, from the Winawer variation, is an extreme case. Each side plays a maximum of moves attacking the opponent's weak side, and as few moves as possible defending his own weak side. This is a general principle for these unbalanced K-side v Q-side positions.

paragraphs: Here is an example from the borderline between opening and middlegame. In the diagram to the left, White will operate mainly on the Q-side, and Black on the K-side. The reason for this is that the black d6 pawn and the white e4 pawn are the bases of their pawn chains. It was Nimzovich who pointed out that such pawns are usually the most vulnerable to attack.

paragraphs: White, to play, may wish to cope with Black playing 10...Nf4. He can do this by playing 10.g3, or by playing 10.Re1 so that if 10...Nf4 11.Bf1 will preserve the bishop (in this position an important defensive piece). Or maybe White will plough ahead with 10.c5, the key move on the Q-side.

paragraphs: ChessBase shows that the number of tournament games with these choices were:

paragraphs: The data base also shows that the overall results were significantly better for 10.Re1. What the player does is note the features on the board, and formulate a plan which takes the features into account. Then the player works out a sequence of moves. Of course, in practice, the opponent is interfering with the plan at every step!

paragraphs: Safety of the king is probably the most common theme in the later middlegame. This example is a classic. Two pawns up, White could win the endgame by exchanging queens. However, he thought he saw something better.

paragraphs: This is a skewer, because if the black queen moves aside, then Rxg7+ gives mate.

paragraphs: This brilliant reply puts its finger on White's weak point: the back rank.

paragraphs: Traditionally the value of the Pieces has been as follows:


title: Truro Cathedral

paragraphs: Truro Cathedral is the cathedral of the Church of England Diocese of Truro in the city of Truro, Cornwall, in the United Kingdom. The Bishop of the diocese is Timothy Martin Thornton. It is one of the three cathedrals in the United Kingdom to have three spires, the other two are Lichfield Cathedral and St Mary's Cathedral in Edinburgh. The architect of the cathedral was John Loughborough Pearson and it was built in the Gothic Revival style, 1880-1910. The south aisle of the cathedral was part of the medieval parish church of St Mary.


title: VHS

paragraphs: VHS means Video Home System. This system uses a videocassette tape to record video and sound, which can be watched on a television. A DVD/VHS combo can record (write) on VHS tapes, read off VHS tapes, and additionally, read from DVD discs. A few can also record on DVD. VHS was so popular that during the 1990s, the terms "videocassette", "videotape", or even just "video" usually referred to the VHS format.

paragraphs: VHS cassettes can be recorded using a video camera. They can also be recorded with a videocassette recorder, or VCR. A VCR can use a VHS cassette to record broadcast television.

paragraphs: This system was created in 1976 by the Victor Company of Japan (also called JVC). VHS was a very popular way for people to record and play video at home in the 1980s and 1990s, but now DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) and Blu-ray have become more popular as they can be easier to use, the quality is higher, they last longer, and the discs and players are cheaper to make. VHS VCRs, as well as blank tapes and pre-recorded VHS movies, are no longer made, except for a few independent films. Blank tapes are still widely available as new old stock.

paragraphs: Many companies developed different systems for recording video on a tape cassette, but the first VTR (short for Video Tape Recorder) to become popular and make money was the Ampex VRX-1000, which was introduced in 1956 by Ampex Corporation. It cost US$50,000 in 1956 (over $400,000 in 2016 money), and US$300 (over $2,000 in 2016 money) for a 90-minute reel of tape. Because it was so expensive, it was made and sold only for professional recording.

paragraphs: While Kenjiro Takayanagi, a television broadcasting pioneer, was the vice president of JVC, he decided that his company could make money by developing and selling VTRs in Japan, and at a lower price. In 1959, JVC developed a two-head video tape recorder, and by 1960 they had a color television version for professional broadcasting. In 1964, JVC released the DV220. It would be the company's standard VTR until the mid-1970s.

paragraphs: In 1969, JVC worked with Sony Corporation and Matsushita Electric (who owned Panasonic) to design a video recording technical standard for Japanese consumers. They developed the U-matic tape format in 1971, which was the first format to become a technical standard for VTRs. The U-matic format was successful in business and some video broadcasting. However, few people bought U-matic VTRs to use at home because they were still very expensive, and the tapes could only record short time periods of video.

paragraphs: Soon after, Sony and Matsushita stopped working on the project. They started to work on their own video recording formats. Sony started working on Betamax and Matsushita started working on VX. JVC released the CR-6060 in 1975, which was based on the U-matic format. Sony and Matsushita also produced their own U-matic machines.

paragraphs: In 1971, JVC engineers named Yuma Shiraishi and Shizuo Takano started a team to develop a VTR for people to use at home.

paragraphs: By the end of 1971, they created an diagram titled "VHS Development Matrix", which listed goals for JVC's new VTR.

paragraphs: In 1972, video recording industry in Japan started to lose money. JVC had to find ways to spend less money, so it stopped developing the VHS project. However, Takano and Shiraishi continued to work on the project by themselves, even though the company was not giving them any money to use. By 1973, the two engineers had built a prototype.


title: Telemetry

paragraphs: Telemetry (also known as telematics) is a technology that allows measurements to be taken from far away. Usually this means that an operator can give commands to a machine over a telephone wire, or wireless internet from far away, and the computer can report back with the measurements it takes.


title: Agustín Ross

paragraphs: Agustín Ross Edwards (February 5, 1844, La Serena, Chile - October 20, 1926, Viña del Mar, Chile) was a Chilean politician, diplomatic and banker. He was son of David Ross and Carmen Edwards. He was married with Susana Ferari.

paragraphs: Ross studied in the Carlos Black and Simon Kerr School, in La Serena. He later went to Scotland, where he studied in the Queen Streat Institution, between 1856 and 1860. He participated in the trades of the bank of the Edwards family. He was a private agent in London of the Government Junta of Iquique in 1891. He was plenipotenciary minister in Great Britain in February 1892.

paragraphs: Ross went to Pichilemu circa 1890, and he bought some areas in the town. In San Fernando, in September 1885, he bought the property of Francisco Torrealba, a terrain that lasted at the Pichilemu beach. He first constructed the Ross Hotel with a European-style design, assigning Evaristo Merino as its administrator, meanwhile he started promoting Pichilemu in cities as Santiago de Chile. He later constructed the Ross Casino and the Ross Park. They used materials as: shards from Italy, Oregon pine from the United States, Portland cement. A Chilean chronicler quoted:

paragraphs: Ross was militant of the National Party of Chile. He was Senator of the Coquimbo Province between 1897 and 1903.

paragraphs: Ross died in October 26, 1926, in Viña del Mar. Later, his succession donated to the Municipality of Pichilemu their forest, terraces, park, perrons, among others, with the condition that they should be attended worthily.


title: Blueprint

paragraphs: A blueprint is a technical drawing which usually contains instructions for how to build an architecture or engineering design. It is sometimes used to talk about any detailed plan.


title: José Arraño

paragraphs: José Santos Arraño Acevedo (14 October 1921 - 24 November 2009) was a famous writer and historian from Pichilemu, mostly known for his books on the history of the city.

paragraphs: Arraño was one of the 12 sons of José Luis Arraño Ortiz and María Soledad Acevedo Caro.

paragraphs: During his childhood he lived in Pichilemu, and he later went to study in "Los Hermanos Maristas" School in San Fernando and the Pontifical Seminary of Santiago.

paragraphs: He was a collaborator of the Santiago's press through articles devoted to Pichilemu and Colchagua, publishing in newspapers such as "Las Últimas Noticias" or "La Época" and in dozens of other regional newspapers, taking Arraño Acevedo as the most important historian of Pichilemu and the most dedicated to promote Pichilemu's tourism. All his articles were included in two books: "Pichilemu y Sus Alrededores Turísticos" and "Hombres y Cosas de Pichilemu". He habitually read his articles in his radial program, that was broadcasted for almost a decade, "La Hora de José Arraño Acevedo".

paragraphs: During this time, one of his quotes became famous:

paragraphs: On November 21, 2009 he was taken to Pichilemu Hospital, and died three days later of pneumonia at the age of 88.

paragraphs: His funeral was held in Pichilemu's Inmaculada Concepción Parish, from November 24 until November 25, 2009, and he was buried November 25, 2009 in the Pichilemu cemetery.


title: Boeing 367-80

paragraphs: The Boeing 367-80 is an American prototype jet plane. The people who worked at Boeing called the plane the "Dash 80". It was made to show airlines how good jet aircraft were.

paragraphs: The Dash 80 was the prototype for the Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker and the Boeing 707. It was made in less than two years.

paragraphs: Only one was made. It is now in the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center at Washington Dulles International Airport in Virginia.

paragraphs: Two things made Boeing think about making a jet airliner. The first reason was because of the Boeing B-47 Stratojet. The second reason was because of the world's first jet airliner, the de Havilland Comet.

paragraphs: In 1950 Boeing made some details on a jet airliner which they called the "Model 473-60C". Airlines were not sure about jet planes because they successful with propeller planes like the Douglas DC-4, DC-6, Boeing Stratocruiser and Lockheed Constellation.

paragraphs: Boeing had sold a lot of planes to the military but they were not very successful with airlines. Douglas was the most successful airliner maker at the time. Boeing thought that the only way to get airlines to buy a jet plane was to show them one.

paragraphs: Boeing wanted its jets to have different model numbers from its propeller planes. The names of the propeller planes all started with 300. The numbers 400, 500 and 600 were used by missiles and other things, so Boeing made the model number of the jets 700. The first jet would be the 707.

paragraphs: The Dash 80 was wide. Boeing wanted to make the 707's fuselage wide. By the time the 707 was made, its fuselage was in diameter. The decision to change it did not make many delays, because the Dash 80 was mostly made by hand.

paragraphs: By early 1952 the Dash 80 was designed and Boeing's managers allowed it to be made. The Dash 80 was made at Boeing's Renton factory.

paragraphs: The Dash 80 was finished on May 15, 1954, which was 18 months after the making started.

paragraphs: Some problems were found with the engines and brakes. The brakes once completely failed when the plane landed, so it went over the runway.

paragraphs: People from Aircraft Industries Association (AIA) and International Air Transport Association (IATA) came to the 1955 Seafair and Gold Cup Hydroplane Races on August 6, 1955. The Dash 80 was supposed to make a simple flight above them, but the Boeing test pilot did two barrel rolls instead.

paragraphs: The next day, the pilot was told never to do it again. However, the pilot said it was completely safe.

paragraphs: A Boeing test pilot who made the first Boeing 777 flight on June 12, 1994 was told "No rolls."

paragraphs: After the first 707 was made in 1957, the Dash 80 was changed into a test planes for other things. It tested things for the new Boeing 727. To do this, another engine was put in at the back.

paragraphs: The Dash 80 was put in storage in 1969. On May 26, 1972 Boeing gave the Dash 8- to the Smithsonian Air and Space Museum. For 18 years the plane was in a "desert boneyard" in Arizona. Boeing took it back and restored it. The Dash 80's last flight was to Dulles International Airport near Washington, D.C. on August 27, 2003. It was painted in its first ever colours and it was sent to the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center, which is near Dulles Airport in Chantilly, Virginia.


title: Harvey Birdman, Attorney at Law

paragraphs: Harvey Birdman, Attorney at Law is a Adult Swim program that stars Birdman who started out as a super hero on the Hanna-Barbera program Birdman and the Galaxy Trio and is now a lawyer for Sebben Sebben. Several villains from that show return on this show and also brings back characters like Phil, Peanut, and Avenger.


title: Bosque Capão da Imbuia

paragraphs: The Bosque do Capão da Imbuia ("grove") is a park in the city of Curitiba in Paraná, Brazil.

paragraphs: With a large size area of native forest, the grove has many attractions for tourists.

paragraphs: The oldest tree in Curitiba is an "Ocotea porosa" that is almost a thousand years old. This tree is in "Bosque do Capão da Imbuia".


title: Ben Folds Five

paragraphs: Ben Folds Five was an American alternative rock band from 1993 to 2000. Even though the band was called Ben Folds Five, it only had three members. Ben Folds, who was also the band's lead singer, played piano, Robert Sledge played bass, and Darren Jessee played drums. The band's biggest hits were "Brick" and "Underground".


title: Woolmer Green

paragraphs: Woolmer Green is a village in Hertfordshire, England.

paragraphs: Situated between the villages of Welwyn and Knebworth, Woolmer Green was first settled in the Iron Age. The Belgae colonised the area in the 1st century BC, and later it was settled by the Romans. Many Roman artefacts have been found in the surrounding area with a Roman bath house existing at nearby Welwyn. The village was at the junction of two thoroughfares, the Great North Road and another road called Stane Street (or Stone Street) from St Albans. The route of this road runs across the parish along the path of Robbery Bottom Lane, continuing on as a public bridleway to Datchworth and then Braughing, on its eventual way to another major Roman town, Colchester.

paragraphs: Thomas de Wolvesmere is recorded as having lived in a dwelling here in 1297, and his name is considered to have led to the current name of the village.

paragraphs: Woolmer Green has always been one of those places which is “neither here nor there”. In the Middle Ages part of the village was in Mardleybury Manor, part in Rectory Manor, with the northern part owing allegiance to Broadwater Manor or Knebworth. Things have not changed; the village is still at the point where the Districts of North Hertfordshire, East Hertfordshire and Welwyn Hatfield meet.

paragraphs: Apart from the trade generated by travellers, life in Woolmer Green was agricultural and feudal until the middle of the nineteenth century. Things started to change, however, when the railway arrived in 1850 (although the nearby station in Knebworth was not opened until 1884 after intervention from Viscount Knebworth). The village school, which was opened a few years after this, obtained much funding from the railway.

paragraphs: In 1863, only a gunsmith and a shoemaker were listed in the trade directory. By 1898, when the population of Woolmer Green stood at 363 and that of Knebworth at 382, there were five shops including two beer retailers; no mention in the trade directory of the many ‘front room shops’! This level of service persisted until recent years with a general store and Post Office, a baker, a small supermarket and a butcher. These have all now closed.

paragraphs: The main road through the centre of the village was still the Great North Road down which thousands of cattle and sheep were driven ‘on the hoof’ to London markets each year. The area around Knebworth and Woolmer Green provided what was probably the last overnight stop for the animals and their drovers before they reached London.

paragraphs: During the 20th century the village became a popular destination for tourists travelling to and from London as it lies on the old Great North Road from London to Edinburgh. Many who passed along the road would have visited the cottage inhabited by the late Harry McDonald, who for many years adorned both the cottage and garden with intricate carvings of animals and other objects. He became famous as the Woodcarver of Woolmer Green. The Woodcarvers Cottage, as it came to be known, was demolished after his death.

paragraphs: Prior to the millennium year, 2000, Woolmer Green was part of the parish of Welwyn for local government purposes. In that year, however, the parish gained its independence from its neighbour, and the inaugural meeting of the Parish Council was held in May 2000. The first chairman of the new Woolmer Green Parish Council, Judith Watson, was instrumental in achieving the separation.

paragraphs: The boundary between Woolmer Green and Welwyn parishes is formed by the path of the East Coast Mainline railway. The small viaduct to the south of the Parish, at the end of Robbery Bottom Lane, follows the same basic design as the long Digswell Viaduct. It was designed by William Cubitt and built by Thomas Brassey between 1848 and 1850 for the sum of £4,643. There are seven arches with a height above the roadway of 17m and a length of 60m. The viaduct and the bridges over London Road and Heath Road are all original, dating from when the railway was first built, although they have been strengthened and the parapets raised.

paragraphs: Immediately to the south of the viaduct the railway enters the first of two tunnels (with a very short open section in the middle) between Woolmer Green and the station at Welwyn North. The first tunnel heading south was the site of a notorious accident in 1866.

paragraphs: There was a temporary railway halt at Woolmer Green during the war which was used by soldiers, but nowadays the nearest station is just down the road at Knebworth.

paragraphs: The parish has an excellent modern Village Hall and adjoining sports field which are very actively used by the community. The hall was opened in November 1990 by local celebrity Barry Norman and is licensed for wedding ceremonies.


title: Rubén de la Red

paragraphs: Rubén de la Red (born 5 June 1985) is a Spanish football player. He has played for Spain national team.


title: Ryuji Kato

paragraphs: Ryuji Kato (born 24 December 1969) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Hideaki Mori

paragraphs: Hideaki Mori (born 16 October 1972) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Sho Ito

paragraphs: Sho Ito (born 24 July 1988) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Yokohama F. Marinos as a striker.


title: Maxwell Cabelino Andrade

paragraphs: Maxwell Cabelino Andrade (born 27 August 1981) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Paris Saint-Germain F.C.


title: Mary of Modena

paragraphs: Mary of Modena (Maria Beatrice Eleonora Anna Margherita Isabella d'Este; – ) was Queen consort of England, Scotland and Ireland. She was the second wife of King James II. Mary was a very firm Catholic. She married James, Duke of York, (the future James II) in 1673. He was the younger brother of Charles II. Mary was not interested in politics. Instead, she was devoted to James, and gave birth to two children who lived to become adults. They were Louise Mary and the Jacobite James Francis Edward Stuart, who became known in history as "The Old Pretender".

paragraphs: Mary was born as a princess of the Italian Duchy of Modena. She is mostly remembered for the birth of James Francis Edward. Most of the English people thought he was not really Mary's son. They believed he had been secretly brought into the birth-room in a warming-pan to continue King James II's Catholic rule. The privy council investigation declared that the story was false. However, James Francis Edward's birth was one of the reasons why the Glorious Revolution happened. In the Glorious Revolution, King James II was deposed by his daughter Mary and her husband William III of Orange.

paragraphs: The "Queen over the water"—as Jacobites (followers of James II) called Mary—was exiled to France. She lived with her family in the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, which Louis XIV of France had given her. Louis XIV's courtiers liked Mary, but thought James was not interesting. When James died, Mary spent a lot of time with the nuns at the Convent of Chaillot. When James II died in 1701, the Jacobites saw James Francis Edward as king. Because he was too young to rule, Queen Dowager Mary acted as regent until he became 16. Later, "James III" was forced to leave France because of the Treaty of Utrecht. This left Mary without any family in France (Princess Louise Mary had died of smallpox). Mary died of breast cancer in 1718. She was kindly remembered by the people in France at that time.

paragraphs: Mary Beatrice d'Este was the older child of Alfonso IV, Duke of Modena and his wife Laura Martinozzi. She was born on 5 October 1658 NS in Modena. Her only sibling, Francesco, became a Duke when his father died in 1662. This was the year Mary became 4. Mary and Francesco's mother Laura was firm with her children. She acted as regent of the duchy until her son grew older. Mary's education was very good. She spoke French and Italian well, and had a knowledge of Latin and, later, English.


title: Juan Pablo Ángel

paragraphs: Juan Pablo Ángel (born 24 October 1975) is a Colombian football player. He has played for Colombia national team.


title: Ciprian Marica

paragraphs: Ciprian Marica (born 2 October 1985) is a Romanian football player. He plays for Stuttgart and Romania's national team.


title: Hideki Nishimura

paragraphs: Hideki Nishimura (born 15 April 1983) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Morten Gamst Pedersen

paragraphs: Morten Gamst Pedersen (born 8 September 1981) is a Norwegian football player. He plays for Blackburn Rovers and Norway national team.


title: Manabu Kubota

paragraphs: Manabu Kubota (born 27 June 1981) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Naoyuki Okimoto

paragraphs: Naoyuki Okimoto (born 13 June 1984) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Ryota Terauchi

paragraphs: Ryota Terauchi (born 26 April 1982) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Dani Alves

paragraphs: Daniel Alves (born 6 May 1983) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for São Paulo and Brazil national team.


title: Daniel Carvalho

paragraphs: Daniel Carvalho (born 1 March 1983) is a Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.


title: Keita Kanemoto

paragraphs: Keita Kanemoto (born 13 July 1977) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Yutaka Azuma

paragraphs: Azuma played for the Toyota company football team from 1986 through 1992.

paragraphs: In 2006, he became a Tokushima Vortiscoach, and he has a career in the team's development program.


Yasutaka Yoshida


title: Hossam Ghaly

paragraphs: Hossam Ghaly (born 15 December 1981) is a retired Egyptian football player. The last club he played for was Al-Ahly in Egypt. He also played for the Egyptian national team.


title: Eric Gerets

paragraphs: Eric Gerets (born 18 May 1954) is a former Belgian football player. He has played for Belgium national team.


title: Darius Vassell

paragraphs: Darius Vassell (born 13 June 1980) is an English footballer. He plays for Ankaragücü.


title: Hisashi Jogo

paragraphs: Hisashi Jogo (born 16 April 1986) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Avispa Fukuoka.


Masato Morishige


title: Wuyi Mountains

paragraphs: The Wuyi Mountains are a mountain range with an area of 60 km² that cover the northern border of Fujian province with Jiangxi province, China.


title: Norwegian Labour Party

paragraphs: The Norwegian Labour Party has been, since its founding in 1887, the main political party of the left in Norway. It is currently the party of government in the country. It is the biggest party in Norway.


title: Socialist Left Party

paragraphs: The Socialist Left Party has been, since its founding in 1975, the second strongest political party of the left in Norway. It is currently member of the Red-Green coalition. It is the fifth biggest party in Norway.


title: Red Party (Norway)

paragraphs: The Red Party is a small political party on the left in Norway. It was started in 2007 and the current leader is Bjørnar Moxnes.


title: Mektig og avmektig

paragraphs: When writing the book Ivar Hippe talked to over 60 people who knew Tore Tønne.

paragraphs: Critics liked the book, with both "Aftenposten" and "Dagbladet" writing a very positive review about it. Kjell Inge Røkke did not like the book and said that Hippe was a very bad person because he released the book so fast.


title: Dofus

paragraphs: Dofus is a Flash-based massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) made and published by Ankama Games.


title: Sinn Féin

paragraphs: Sinn Féin is a political party in Ireland. Beginning with the Sinn Féin organisation set up in 1905 by Arthur Griffith, it took its current form in 1970 after a split within the party. The leader of Sinn Féin has been Mary Lou McDonald since February 2018. It is one of the most important parties arguing for a united island of Ireland and is described as left wing. In the past, the party has been linked to the Provisional IRA. The name is Irish for "ourselves" or "we ourselves", although it is frequently wrongly translated as "ourselves alone".

paragraphs: Sinn Féin is the second largest party in the parliament of Northern Ireland (the Northern Ireland Assembly), the third largest party in the parliament of the Irish Republic (Dáil Éireann) and has 7 elected members of the British House of Commons, however, party policy says that representatives must refuse to take their seats there.


title: Diana Wynne Jones

paragraphs: Diana Wynne Jones (August 16, 1934 – March 25, 2011) was an author from England. She wrote fantasy novels. Fantasy novels are books with magic or other things that are not real, like dragons or people who can change the shape of their bodies. One of her books, Howl's Moving Castle, was made into a movie in 2004.

paragraphs: She was friends with another fantasy author from England named Neil Gaiman. She won many prizes for her books.


title: Sherman, Texas

paragraphs: Sherman is a city in northern Texas near Dallas and Oklahoma. It is the county seat of Grayson County.

paragraphs: Sherman was created in 1846 by the Texas legislature. The city got its name from General Sydney Sherman. He was a military hero during the Texas Revolution.

paragraphs: The city of Sherman had some human and environmental problems over the years. For example, a huge tornado happened in 1896. A race riot, which is a type of violent protest, happened in 1930 after a black man was accused of raping a white woman. People from the town burned the man in his jail cell and took his body into the streets. The people also burned down the black business district.

paragraphs: However, Sherman continued to grow, especially when an Army Air Field for pilot training, Perrin Air Force Base, was built there in 1941. Perrin Field was closed in 1971.

paragraphs: Sherman is about 65 miles north of Dallas at the intersection of U.S. Highway 75 and U.S. Highway 82. It has a number of public schools and colleges. It even has its own symphony orchestra, which is not common for a city of its size. Manufacturing is a big part of the local economy. Also, several national companies have plants in Sherman. It is a good city for tourism and international students.


title: Kıbrıs Türk Hava Yolları

paragraphs: Its fleet had: one Airbus A320, two Airbus A321 and four Boeing 737-800.

paragraphs: Due to the complicated political situation in Northern Cyprus all flights that K.T.H.Y operate to Europe must travel via an airport in Turkey (for all German flights that airport was Antalya).


title: Iberia (airline)

paragraphs: Iberia () is the biggest airline in Spain. It is based in the Spanish capital city Madrid. It also operates many flights from Barcelona. Iberia also operates a smaller airline called Air Nostrum. That airline operates very short, so called 'regional' flights using the Iberia logo and colour scheme. It is also a member of Oneworld airline alliance.

paragraphs: Iberia has a fairly large fleet, all of which are Airbus planes:

paragraphs: Iberia flies to 46 countries in 5 continents. Most of their flights though are either to Europe or Spanish speaking countries in South America.


title: Orthodontist

paragraphs: An orthodontist is a dentist (a doctor that works on teeth) that specializes in straightening teeth with things like braces.

paragraphs: An orthodontist needs to go to dentistry school first. Then they need 3-4 years more of school to become an orthodontist.

paragraphs: An orthodontist straightens teeth using braces (metal wire attached to teeth), headgear (metal wire that may attach to teeth and the neck or head), and retainers (removable wire and plastic). They may also pull teeth, or perform surgery.


title: Chicoutimi

paragraphs: Chicoutimi is a city in Quebec, Canada. The name comes from Shkoutimeou, which means "the end of the deep water" in the Montagnais language, one of the Algonquian languages. Located 225 kilometres north of Quebec City, it is home to part of the Université du Québec. Until 2002 it was a separate city, and is now a part of Saguenay

paragraphs: The first people to live in the city were French fur traders who arrived in 1676. It became a city in 1842 by Peter McLeod. A railway was built between the city and Roberval in 1893, which helped make Chicoutimi a bigger city at the end of the 19th century, based on industry and pulp.

paragraphs: The Chicoutimi Saguenéens, a team in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League, have been in the city since 1973. They play at the Centre Georges-Vézina.


title: Vágner Love

paragraphs: Vágner Love (born 11 June 1984) is a Brazilian football player; he plays for CSKA Moscow.


title: Lucas Leiva

paragraphs: Lucas Leiva (born 9 January 1987) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Liverpool and Brazil national team.


title: Takaya Oishi

paragraphs: Takaya Oishi (born 7 July 1972) is a former Japanese football player.


Yasuhiro Yoshida


title: Naoki Naito

paragraphs: Naoki Naito (born 30 May 1968) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Francisco Pavón

paragraphs: Francisco Pavón (born 9 January 1980) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Real Zaragoza.


title: Kenji Wakai

paragraphs: Kenji Wakai (born 22 September 1974) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Elano

paragraphs: Elano (born 14 June 1981) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Galatasaray and Brazil national team.


title: Collins John

paragraphs: Collins John (born 17 October 1985) is a Dutch football player. He has played for Netherlands national team.


title: Jelle Van Damme

paragraphs: Jelle Van Damme (born 10 October 1983) is a Belgian football player. He plays for Anderlecht and Belgium national team.


Satoshi Koga


title: Takashi Kageyama

paragraphs: Takashi Kageyama (born 27 May 1977) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Motoki Ueda

paragraphs: Motoki Ueda (born 14 May 1979) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Nobuyasu Ikeda

paragraphs: Nobuyasu Ikeda (born 18 May 1970) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Koichi Kawazoe

paragraphs: Koichi Kawazoe (born 4 July 1961) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Tsubasa Oya

paragraphs: Tsubasa Oya (born 13 August 1986) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Vissel Kobe.


title: Tenerife South Airport

paragraphs: Tenerife South "Reina Sofia" Airport (IATA: TFS ICAO: GCTS) is an airport in the south-west of the island of Tenerife, one of the Canary Islands.

paragraphs: This is actually one of two airports in Tenerife, the other one is Tenerife North (Los Rodeos). Most of the flights bringing people on holiday to the island use this airport. The airport was opened in 1978 after it was decided in a few years earlier that Tenerife needed a new airport urgently due to foggy weather closing Tenerife North airport quite often. The first flight to land at the airport was carrying the Queen of Spain Her Majesty Queen Sofia, the airport is named after her. The airport is operated by a company called AENA which operates all civil airports in Spain.

paragraphs: In 2009, just over 7 million passengers used the airport.


title: Daisuke Nakamaki

paragraphs: Daisuke Nakamaki (born 27 May 1986) is a Japanese football player. He plays for JEF United Ichihara Chiba.


title: John Aldridge

paragraphs: John Aldridge (born 18 September 1958) is an Irish former football player and manager. He has played for Republic of Ireland national team.


title: Gary Breen

paragraphs: Gary Breen (born 12 December 1973) is an Irish football player. He has played for Republic of Ireland national team.


title: Faisal Al-Dakhil

paragraphs: Faisal Al-Dakhil (born 13 August 1957) is a former Kuwaiti football player. He has played for Kuwait national team.


Junki Koike


title: Kenji Haneda

paragraphs: Kenji Haneda (born 1 December 1981) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Cerezo Osaka.


title: Hunza-Nagar District

paragraphs: The Hunza-Nagar District is the seventh district of Gilgit Baltistan of Pakistan. The district is made up of Hunza and Nagar. Sikandarabad is the administrative center of this district. Before the announcement of the new district, Hunza-Nagar was part of district Gilgit.


title: Speech recognition

paragraphs: Speech recognition (also known as voice recognition) is the process of converting spoken words into computer text. The user speaks into a microphone and the computer creates a text file of the words they have spoken.

paragraphs: Although the accuracy of these systems has improved in the 21st century, they are still far from perfect. If you only need them to recognise a few words, for example the words "one, two, three" etc., then speech recognition software can be very accurate. This is why this feature has started to appear on modern mobile phones. But systems that can recognise any word spoken by any person in any language are still a few years away.

paragraphs: You can greatly improve the accuracy of these systems by "training" them to recognise just one voice. This is usually done by getting the user to read a short set piece of text into the microphone. The user looks at the text which has been created and corrects any mistakes the software has made. By repeating this a number of times the computer's accuracy increases a great deal.


title: Smile (band)

paragraphs: Smile was a rock band which preceded the rock band Queen. The members were Brian May (guitar), Roger Taylor (drums) and Tim Staffell (bass and vocals). When Tim Staffell left the band, Freddie Mercury replaced him and the band became Queen.


title: Vinyl cutter

paragraphs: A vinyl cutter is a type of computer controlled machine. Small vinyl cutters look like computer printers. The computer controls the movement of a sharp blade. This blade is used to cut out shapes and letters from sheets of thin self-adhesive plastic (vinyl).

paragraphs: Vinyl cutters are mainly used by to make signs, banners and advertisements. Advertisements seen on automobiles and vans are often made with vinyl cut letters. Vinyl cutters can also be used to cut out shapes from thin cardboard.

paragraphs: It can also be used to make adhesive electronic boards.


title: Oddanchatram

paragraphs: Oddanchtram is a city in the Dindigul District of Tamil Nadu. It is known as the vegetable city of Tamil Nadu. Plants grown here are onion,maize, tomato, chilli, cauliflower, beans and other vegetables. The vegetables are exported to nearby states. Also it is famous for its vegetable and curd market, which can sell up to 5,000 tons of produce a day. It has very good climatic conditions as it is surrounded by beautiful mountains. Palani Lord Murugan Temple is near Oddanchatram. It is an ancient temple built on top of the Palni Hills. It is one of the most visited temples in Tamil Nadu, where people have to climb 600 steps to reach the shrine.

paragraphs: It connected by road to major cities of Tamil Nadu including Madurai, Coimbatore, Erode, Trichy, Chennai, and also to other states such as Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka.


title: Total Drama Action

paragraphs: Total Drama Action is the second season in the Total Drama television series. It started on June 11, 2009. The players on the show are Geoff, Bridgette, Izzy, Trent, Gwen, Owen, Heather, Le-Shawna, Courtney, Beth, Lindsay, Justin, Harold, Duncan, DJ,

paragraphs: Like the previous season, much of "Total Drama Action" chronicles the events of the eponymous fictional reality shows. The "Total Drama" series itself is an "animated reality television series", which stars the cast and crew of the fictional series, parodying many aspects of reality television in general.

paragraphs: After last season's winner, Owen (Scott McCord), forgoes his prize money of C$100,000 for a challenge (open to all 22 of "Total Drama Island"'s contestants) in which the winner would receive C<nowiki>$</nowiki>1,000,000, the money was left in limbo after a situation resulted in a 14-way tie. As such, show host Chris McLean (Christian Potenza) had no choice but to commission a second competition with all 14 tied contestants. The contestants are told to arrive at an abandoned movie studio lot in Toronto, where the new competition, titled "Total Drama Action", would take place. Because of its location, Chris tells the contestants that the challenges would all be in the form of various movie genres. The accommodations of the contestants are handled by Chef Hatchet (Clé Bennett) in a similar manner to how it was handled in the previous season.

paragraphs: After a quick elimination of two contestants, the couple Geoff (Dan Petronijevic) and Bridgette (Kristin Fairlie), a second challenge determined the team captains of the two competing teams: the Screaming Gaffers, headed by Gwen (Megan Fahlenbock), and the Killer Grips, headed by Trent (Scott McCord). From then on, challenges would alternate between "reward challenges" where winners would receive a special prize, and "elimination challenges" where the losing team would vote off one of its own in an elaborate "Gilded Chris Ceremony". The pattern of reducing the contestants down was briefly interrupted on two occasions: once when Izzy (Katie Crown) was reinstated following a voting irregularity where her alter-ego, "E-Scope", was voted off, and another time when Courtney (Emilie-Claire Barlow), a contestant who did not originally qualify for "Total Drama Action", successfully sued the show. The players eliminated would make the "walk of shame" and into the "Lame-o-sine", where they leave the movie studio.

paragraphs: Once seven contestants were left, the Screaming Gaffers and the Killer Grips were dissolved, and the challenges became individual-oriented in nature. Chris hired Owen as his ringer to sabotage the other contestants and to create drama. Eventually, two contestants were left standing: Beth (Sarah Gadon) and Duncan (Drew Nelson). The Total Drama Action winner was Duncan. Beth wins in the alternate ending.

paragraphs: Sprinkled among the episodes (taking the place of reward challenges) is "TDA Aftermath", a show-within-a-show hosted by Geoff and Bridgette, commissioned shortly after their eliminations. On "TDA Aftermath", Geoff and Bridgette interview eliminated contestants on their "Total Drama Action" experiences. They are accompanied by the contestants of "Total Drama Island" that did not qualify for "Total Drama Action", as well as other previously-eliminated contestants. "TDA Aftermath" consisted of various "never-before-seen footage" sequences (purportedly taking place during the events of previous episodes), as well as two recurring segments, "That's Gonna Leave a Mark" (a segment of the contestants getting badly hurt), and "Truth or..." (in which a contestant is interviewed and are hurt if they lie to the hosts or the studio audience).

paragraphs: When the field eventually narrowed down to two contestants, (Beth and Duncan), a final obstacle course challenge would lead the contestants into the Aftermath set, with the first one arriving winning the show's million-dollar grand prize. Unfortunately, Beth and Duncan had sufficiently cooperated enough though the final challenge to arrive at the same time, and what was meant as a season recap became a show in which the winner would be determined. After efforts by the eliminated and nonparticipant contestants to come up with an impartial way of determining the winner all fail, Chris (supposedly leaving on vacation) ultimately returns to the set and has the eliminated (but not the nonparticipant) contestants vote for the winner who was eventually Duncan.


title: Total Drama World Tour

paragraphs: Total Drama World Tour is the third season of the "Total Drama" series. The season started in June 21, 2010. There were originally 17 players on the show. The players are Ezekiel, Tyler, Lindsay, Noah, Harold, LeShawna, Duncan, Courtney, Bridgette, Alejandro, Heather Sierra, Cody, Izzy, DJ, Gwen, Owen and additionally Blaineley, who appeared in Episode 19.


title: Santa Felicidade neighborhood

paragraphs: Santa Felicidade is one neighborhood of the city of Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.

paragraphs: The Santa Felicidade neighborhood came into being in 1878, when the first Italian immigrants arrived in Paraná. Today it is famous for its many fine restaurants where typical Italian food is served.

paragraphs: Besides good food, visitors and tourists have great attractions such as:

paragraphs: Two secular buildings and typical of Italian immigrants.

paragraphs: The neighborhood is a tribute to the woman Portuguese "Felicidade Borges".