title: Lake Mungo remains

paragraphs: The Lake Mungo remains are three sets of human fossils. They are Lake Mungo 1 ("LM1", or "Mungo Lady"), Lake Mungo 2 ("LM2"), and Lake Mungo 3 ("LM3", or "Mungo Man"). The sites are located near Lake Mungo, in New South Wales, Australia, in the World Heritage-listed Willandra Lakes Region. Pieces of skeletons have been found in this region. These pieces have been attributed to over forty human skeletons. The Lake Mungo remains are the most significant of these.

paragraphs: LM1 are the fossilised, cremated remains of a young woman. They were found in 1969 by James Bowler with the University of Melbourne. Radiocarbon dating of pieces of bone from the burial put LM1 between 24,700 and 19,030 years old. Charcoal from a hearth 15 cm above the burial was dated at 26,250 years old (plus or minus 1,120 years). Reconstruction and study of the remains were mainly done by Alan Thorne at the Australian National University. The patterns of burn marks on the bones suggest that the body was first burned, then smashed, then burned a second time, before being buried.

paragraphs: Research published by Bowler in 2003 rejected previous estimates for all of remains at the site. Optical dating concluded that both LM1 and LM3 were buried around 40,000 years ago (plus or minus 2,000 years). This makes it the earliest evidence of human cremation that has been found. It suggests that ancient indigenous Australians in this region had their own complicated burial rituals.

paragraphs: The bones were returned in 1992 to the area's traditional owners: the Paakantji (Barkindji), the Mathi Mathi and the Ngiyampaa. LM1 is now in a locked vault at the Mungo National Park visitor centre.

paragraphs: LM3 was found by James Bowler on 26 February 1974, when shifting sand dunes exposed the remains. It is located 500 m east of the LM1 site. The body was covered with red ochre, in the earliest known example of such a complicated and artistic burial practice. Like the cremation of LM1, this indicates that certain cultural traditions have existed on the Australian continent for much longer than previously thought.

paragraphs: The skeleton was of a slender individual, quite different to the build of modern indigenous Australians. The skeleton was badly preserved: large pieces of the skull were missing, and most of the bones in the limbs were damaged. Usually, the gender of a skeleton is determined using the bones in the skull and the pelvis. The problem is that these bones are in a very bad state in LM3, or they are missing altogether; in other words, the "normal" method of gender determination cannot be used with LM3. Since LM3 was discovered, other features were studied; most of these studies agree that LM3 was probably a male.

paragraphs: LM3 was buried lying on his back, with his hands joined together covering the groin. Some of the bones show evidence of osteoarthritis and eburnation, and the teeth are well worn. Based on this, it is likely that LM3 was quite old (around 50 years old) when he died. New studies show that, using the length of his limb bones, it is possible to estimate LM3's height at 196 centimetres (77 inches or 6 ft 5 in), unusually tall for an Aboriginal.

paragraphs: The first estimate of LM3's age was made in 1976 by the team of scientists from the Australian National University (ANU) who excavated LM3. They estimated that LM3 was between 28,000 and 32,000 years old. They did not test LM3's remains directly; instead, they made their estimate through stratigraphic comparison with LM1. In 1987, an electron spin resonance test was done on pieces of bone from LM3's skeleton. This gave an estimate of his age at 31,000 years, plus or minus 7,000 years. In 1999, optical dating work was done on quartz from the LM3 burial site. The results indicated a burial older than 24,600 years (± 2,400) and younger than 43,300 years (± 3,800).

paragraphs: Later in the same year, research led by Alan Thorne gave a new estimate of 62,000 years old (plus or minus 6,000 years). This estimate was made by combining data from uranium-thorium dating, electron spin resonance dating and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of the remains and the soil in the grave. This estimate was very controversial, and some of the techniques used to get this estimate were criticised.

paragraphs: In 2003, several Australian groups came to an agreement that LM3 is about 40,000 years old. A team led by Bowler did 25 more OSL tests that suggested that LM3 can not be older than 50,000 years. This age roughly agrees with stratigraphic evidence using four different dating methods. The age of 40,000 years is now the most widely accepted age for the LM3. This makes it the second oldest human fossil east of India, and the oldest in Australia. In addition to this, the study published in 2003 found that LM1 and LM3 are similar in age, and that humans were present at Lake Mungo as early as 50,000 to 46,000 years ago.

paragraphs: In 1998, the remains of a child were discovered. These are believed to have roughly the same age as Mungo Man and Mungo Lady. In 2005, erosion exposed another adult skeleton. Because it was not protected, this skeleton was destroyed by wind and rain about a year later.

paragraphs: The main idea at the time is called Out of Africa hypothesis: It says that humans developed on the African continent, and spread from there. Another important site is called Kow Swamp, in the northern part of Victoria. It consists of about twenty skeletons, which are between 5,000 and 10,000 years old. The morphology of Mungo Man is noticeably different from these skeletons. For this reason, some researchers have said that Australia was probably settled twice. The settlers were probably descendants of Homo erectus and came from the Asian mainland. This theory is based on the analysis of Mitochondrial DNA. If this is true, the two lines, that of Mungo Man and that of modern humans, separated a very long time ago. This would also mean that Mitochondrial Eve of this line and that of modern humans would be older than Mitochondrial Eve of all living humans.


title: Tosashimizu, Kōchi

paragraphs: The village of Nakanohama in what is now Tosashimizu was the birthplace of Nakahama Manjirō, who was the first known Japanese to live in the United States in the mid-19th century.

paragraphs: The modern city was established in 1954.


title: Civic Solidarity Party

paragraphs: The.Civic Solidarity Party () is a nationalist and conservative political party in Azerbaijan. It was founded in 1992. The party's leader is Sabir Rustamkhanli, who is actually a poet. The party's ideology is based on the "universal political values of freedom, equality and solidarity".

paragraphs: At the 2020parliamentary elections, it won 3 out of 125 seats.


title: Knockwurst

paragraphs: Knockwurst is a type of sausage. In North America, "knockwurst" refers to a short, plump sausage that comes from the Holstein region in Germany. They contain ground veal, ground pork, and fresh garlic stuffed into hog casings. The sausages are aged for two to five days, then smoked over oak wood. Knackwurst is often prepared highly seasoned.


title: Sorority Row

paragraphs: Sorority Row is a 2009 American horror thriller movie. It is a remake of "The House on Sorority Row". It was released on September 11, 2009. Rumer Willis plays Ellie, and Audrina Patridge plays Megan. The movie is about a serial killer targeting a group of college students. "Sorority Row" was filmed in Pennsylvania. The reviews were negative for this movie.


title: Amour (movie)

paragraphs: Amour is an 2012 Academy Award-winning French movie. The director was Michael Haneke. It starred Jean-Louis Trintignant as Georges, Emmanuelle Riva as Anne, and Isabelle Huppert as their daughter.

paragraphs: The movie was about an elderly couple, Anne and Georges, who are retired music teachers who live alone together. Anne suffers a stroke which paralyses her on one side of her body. After she makes Georges very angry, Georges grabs a pillow and suffocates Anne to death.

paragraphs: It received many positive reviews. Roger Ebert gave it four out of four stars. It won an Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award for Best Foreign Film.


title: Ishigaki, Okinawa

paragraphs: Ishigaki was established in 1908 as Yaeyama Village. In 1914 it was renamed to Ishigaki Village. It grew to become a town in 1926 and a city in 1947.

paragraphs: The Senkakus were included in the village of 1908, in the village of 1914, in the town in 1926, and in the city in 1947.

paragraphs: The city includes Ishigaki Island and the Senkaku Islands.


title: Michael Haneke

paragraphs: Michael Haneke (born March 23, 1942) is a German-Austrian movie director, movie producer, and screenwriter. He is recently known for directing the Academy Award-winning foreign movie "Amour". He was nominated for Best Director and Best Screenwriter at the Golden Globe Awards and at the Academy Awards.

paragraphs: Haneke was born on March 23, 1942 in Munich, Germany. He was raised in Wiener Neustadt. He is remotely related to actor Christoph Waltz. He was raised in Wiener Neustadt. Haneke studied at the University of Vienna. He was married to Susanne Haneke since 1983.


title: Jean-Louis Trintignant

paragraphs: Jean-Louis Xavier Trintignant (born 11 December 1930) is a retired French actor. He won an César Award for Best Actor as Georges in the 2012 French movie "Amour".

paragraphs: On 20 July, 2018 he announced his retirement from cinema.

paragraphs: Trintignant was born on 11 December 1930 in Piolenc, Vaucluse, France. He was raised in Piolenc and in Paris. Trintignant was married to Stéphane Audran until they divorced. Then he was married to Nadine Marquand from 1960 until they divorced in 1976.


title: Emmanuelle Riva

paragraphs: Emmanuelle Riva (born Paulette Germaine Riva; 24 February 1927 – 27 January 2017) was a French actress, writer, photographer, and poet. She was known for her BAFTA Award-winning role as Anne in "Amour". She was nominated for an Academy Award and won an BAFTA Award for her role in "Amour".

paragraphs: Riva was born on 24 February 1927 in Cheniménil, France. Her grandfather was Italian. Riva was raised and studied acting in Paris.

paragraphs: Riva died from cancer on 27 January 2017 in Paris at the age of 89.


title: Carmen Montejo

paragraphs: Carmen Montejo (María Teresa Sánchez González; May 26, 1925 – February 25, 2013) was an Cuban-Mexican actress. She was known for her many television shows. She was one of the last surviving actresses of the Golden Age of Cinema of Mexico.

paragraphs: Montejo was born on May 26, 1925 in Pinar del Río, Cuba. She was married to Manuel González Ortega until his death. Montejo died on February 25, 2013 in Mexico City, Mexico from an illness, aged 87.


title: Isabelle Huppert

paragraphs: Isabelle Anne Madeleine Huppert (born March 16, 1953) is a French actress. She is known for her roles in "Violette Nozière", "La pianist", and in "Amour".

paragraphs: Huppert was born on March 16, 1953 in Paris, France. She as raised in Ville-d'Avray. Huppert studied at National Conservatory of Dramatic Art of Paris. She was married to Ronald Chammah since 1982. They had three children.


title: Weight loss

paragraphs: Weight loss is when a person weighs less than before. A person can lose weight by running, swimming or doing any other activity. Also, a person might eat a healthier diet to lose weight. There are many diet and exercises programs available to lose weight. Many people lose weight when they eat less sugar and more vegetables, fruits and lean meat.

paragraphs: In many countries weight loss is caused by sociological pressure mostly on woman to have slim and fit figure.

paragraphs: Unintentional weight loss is when a person loses weight without trying. It can be a symptom of some types of cancer. Stress can cause unintentional weight loss. Stress can come from divorce, changing jobs or over the loss of a loved one. Once the stress is removed and the person feels happier again, the weight may return to normal. Depression may also cause weight loss. Eating disorders such as anorexia or bulimia can cause significant weight loss. These disorders usually require the help of health care professionals.

paragraphs: Getting enough sleep helps to avoid gaining excess weight. Over time, getting more sleep can help a person to lose weight. The main reason is not getting enough sleep leaves a person tired during the day and prone to eating more food. Getting enough sleep helps in maintaining healthy eating habits.

paragraphs: Without going to the bathroom, a person naturally loses over while they sleep at night. One reason is humans breathe in oxygen but breathes out carbon dioxide. That is breathing in one molecule of Oxygen for every two molecules of carbon each time they breathe out. A molecule of carbon does not weigh much by itself, but given that with each breath twenty billion-trillion molecules are expelled, over a 7-8 hour period that adds up to over a pound of carbon. Normal perspiration occurs while sleeping but usually only causes a small amount of water weight loss.

paragraphs: Your body also burns calories while you sleep.

paragraphs: It is well known that lean mass (muscle and bone) burn more energy than fat. Even at rest, a body with more muscle tissue will burn more calories.

paragraphs: Exercise alone can be effective in weight loss. Several studies found similar results. The comparison between dieting and exercising found both resulted in weight loss. The conclusion was that using both diet and exercise together was the most effective method of weight loss and in maintaining a healthy body.


title: Shere Bangla National Stadium

paragraphs: Sher-e-Bangla Cricket Stadium or Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium (SBNS) is a cricket stadium in Bangladesh. Some times it is called Mirpur Stadium. It is situated in Mirpur of Dhaka. It can hold 26.000 people at a time. It was built in 2006. It was named after Sher-e-Bangla A. K. Fazlul Huq "The tiger of Bangla".

paragraphs: The stadium has hosted Bangladesh's first class, test, ODI, twenty20 and women's cricket matches. It also hosted international matches like ICC World Cup, Asia Cup etc.

paragraphs: The ground is a state of the art stadium. It is considered one of the best grounds in the subcontinent. Its most striking and interesting part is its modern drainage. The ground was originally built for football and athletics. For this reason it was built in rectangular shape. But when it was shifted for cricket it was fixed to oval for cricket. The ground was fitted with floodlights on 2009. it is able to host Day/night cricket matches.

paragraphs: he ground hosted its first Test match on 25 May 2007. It was a test match between Bangladesh and India. It hosted it's first ODI on December 8, 2006. The match was played by Bangladesh and Zimbabwe.

paragraphs: The stadium hosted 4 group matches and 2 quarter finals during the 2011 Cricket World Cup.

paragraphs: Bangladesh hosted the 12th edition of the Asia Cup. Sher-e-Bangla National Stadium hosted those matches.


title: Sportsbook

paragraphs: In the United States of America a sportsbook is a place where a player can bet money on many different sports, for example basketball, golf, football, hockey, baseball, soccer, horse racing, boxing and many more.

paragraphs: A bet is when a person thinks that a particular team/contestant will win a competition and gives some money. If he wins the bet - he will receive his money back with some monetary prize. If his team/contestant loses, he will not get his money back.

paragraphs: The Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act of 1992 allows only Nevada, Oregon, Montana, and Delaware to legally bet on sports.

paragraphs: There are more Sportbooks that allow betting online or through mobile. With better availability and lower minimum bets, the whole industry is rapidly growing.

paragraphs: Before placing a bet a person should read the terms and conditions of the sportsbook to avoid any problems.


title: Paid survey

paragraphs: A paid or incentivized survey is a type of survey where person for filling out the details will get some reward.

paragraphs: Usual prizes will be small amount of money, simple reward like pen or cup, or entry in to competition to win something.

paragraphs: Web-based survey have come a long way, from 1980s where first email surveys were conducted to 1990s when initial web-based surveys were introduced. There were almost $500 million spent on web-based surveys in 2002, and According to Inside Research this number climbed up to about $960 million in 2004.

paragraphs: But despite the advances in survey research, there are still many short comings and problems, such as declining response rates, limited online data bases, mistrust about survey uses (true research versus selling), survey length, issues concerning privacy and security, internet surveys being looked at as spam by some etc.

paragraphs: Most of Online Surveys that are real will not pay cash, but instead give vouchers or prizes.

paragraphs: Online or Internet surveys are very useful for many companies. People get rewarded for answering questions about a product, a company or any questions that will help the company to work better.

paragraphs: Many companies pay people to take a survey, but some are for free.

paragraphs: In era of digital surveys there is many fraud cases where user will be not paid after completing one. Some ways of avoiding fraud sites is to check them on MyWot, review sites or by simply checking their reviews on forums.

paragraphs: It is getting more popular to fill surveys to get access to website or valuable content.

paragraphs: Another popular form of surveys that has recently emerged are daily surveys. Daily survey panels allow their members to participate in surveys everyday. The user is taken through a router where they can keep trying to qualify until a survey is found that matches their demographics. Daily surveys pay less than most paid surveys, but the opportunity to qualify is much greater and payouts are usually cash instead of prizes.

paragraphs: Businesses spend $18.7 billion worldwide on market research, as reported by CASRO.


title: Mirpur Thana

paragraphs: Mirpur () is a place, a "thana" of Dhaka city, Bangladesh.

paragraphs: Mirpur is located at . It has a total area of 58 km. It is situated to the north-east of Dhaka city.


title: Lifeline (crisis support service)

paragraphs: Lifeline is a non-profit organisation that provides free, 24-hour telephone support to people in need. Lifeline Assistance do not make any profit.

paragraphs: A lifeline Assistance called Volunteer Crisis Supporters provides suicide prevention services (trying to persuade people not to kill themselves) and mental health support (helping with depression and other issues). They help people not only by telephone but face-to-face too and online.

paragraphs: Most people that work at the Telephone Lifeline work for free. They are called volunteers. They are very well trained to help people with any problems. More than 400,000 calls are served by the Lifeline Assistance every year.

paragraphs: Some Lifeline Centres also provide other support services that may have group support, assistance with food & bills and support for the old people.

paragraphs: Lifeline has more than 260 retail outlets around Australia that sell clothes and furniture to make enough money to pay for training and office space they use. Some Lifeline Centres have few stores which helps them with day-to-day spending. Some lifelines can provide people in need with free mobile phones thanks to government grants.

paragraphs: The 2010 report recorded 2,361 deaths by suicide in Australia, 480 more deaths than in 2007.


title: Mobile advertising

paragraphs: Mobile advertising is very similar to online or internet advertising. Mobile advertising is method of advertising via mobile phones or other mobile devices like tablets.

paragraphs: More and more people worldwide have mobile phones and spend on them a lot of time so mobile advertising is very successful these days and the whole market is growing fast.

paragraphs: Today there are more mobile phones than TVs and computers in the world.

paragraphs: In Spain 75% of mobile phone owners receive mobile advertising. In France 62% and in Japan 54% mobile phone owners receive mobile advertising. In Japan today, 44% of mobile phone owners click on ads they get on their phones. Mobile advertising was worth 900 million dollars only in Japan.

paragraphs: There are people and organizations that want to create guidelines for Mobile Advertising (set of rules to follow).


title: Lion Airlines

paragraphs: PT Lion Mentari Airlines, known as Lion Air or Lion Airlines is the largest private airline in Indonesia. Lion Air have their headquarter office in Jakarta, Indonesia. Lion Air goes to places like Singapore, Vietnam, Malaysia and Saudi Arabia. The airplanes go to 56 different places in Indonesia and world with a fleet of 89 airplanes.

paragraphs: Lion Airlines cannot fly in European Union because they did not passed safety laws set by officials.

paragraphs: On 18 November 2011, the airline informed about order of Boeing planes setting the record for the world's bigge

paragraphs: st single order of 230 planes for a commercial airline worth $21.7 billion.


title: Nasir Hossain (Bangladeshi cricketer)

paragraphs: Nasir Hossain (born 30 November 1991) is a Bangladeshi cricketer. He is an all-rounder. He made his One Day International (ODI) debut in August 2011 against Zimbabwe. He also made his Test debut in 2011. The opposition team was West Indies.


title: Aryabhata (satellite)

paragraphs: Aryabhata was India's first satellite. It got its name from the Indian astronomer of the same name.


title: Jacquard loom

paragraphs: The Jacquard loom is a mechanical loom. It is used to make patterns in clothing material. It was invented by Joseph Marie Jacquard, and first used in 1801. It simplified the process of making textiles with complex patterns.


title: Okinawa, Okinawa

paragraphs: In 1908, Okinawa Prefecture established the villages of Goeku and Misato. During the occupation of Japan, the U.S. military government established the city of in Goeku.

paragraphs: In 1974, the city of Okinawa was created by the merger of Misato and Koza.

paragraphs: the city of Okinawa is located in the central part of the island of Okinawa. It is about 20 km north of Naha.

paragraphs: In the prefecture, it is the second-largest city after Naha.

paragraphs: There is a United States military base which is partly in the city. It is Kadena Air Base.


title: Rude Awakening

paragraphs: Rude Awakening is a comedy movie released in August 1989. It stars Cindy Williams as June and Andrea Martin as April. The movie is set in the late 1960s in New York City. The movie received negative reviews by critics while in theaters.


title: Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio

paragraphs: Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio (November 17 1958) is an American actress. She first became well-known after playing Gina Montana in the 1983 movie "Scarface". She also played Carmen in the 1986 movie "The Color of Money". Her other movies include "Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves" (1991) and "The Abyss" (1989). Mastrantonio was born in Illinois.


title: Armardeh

paragraphs: Armardeh (, ) is a city in the Kurdistan province of Iran. Its people speak Kurdish. They are followers of Islam. At the 2006 census, its population was 2,062, in 427 families.


title: Buin-e Sofla

paragraphs: Buin-e Sofla (, ) is a city in the Kurdistan province of Iran. Its people speak Kurdish. They are followers of Islam. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,069, in 206 families.


title: Kani Sur

paragraphs: Kani Sur (, ) is a city in the Kurdistan province of Iran. Its people speak Kurdish. They are followers of Islam. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,131, in 239 families


title: Yasukand

paragraphs: Yasukand (, ) is a city in the Kurdistan province of Iran. Its people speak Kurdish. They are followers of Islam. At the 2006 census, its population was 3,268, in 917 families.


title: Bolbanabad

paragraphs: Bolbanabad (, ) is a city in the Kurdistan province of Iran. Its people speak Kurdish. They are followers of Islam. At the 2006 census, its population was 3,464, in 899 families.


title: Zarrineh

paragraphs: Zarrineh (, ) is a city in the Kurdistan province of Iran. Its people speak Kurdish. They are followers of Islam. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,272, in 266 families.


title: Babarashani

paragraphs: Babarashani (, ) is a city in the Kurdistan province of Iran. Its people speak Kurdish. At the 2006 census, its population was 481, in 128 families.


title: Muchesh

paragraphs: Muchesh (, ) is a city in the Kurdistan province of Iran. Its people speak Kurdish. They are followers of Islam. At the 2006 census, its population was 2,950, in 769 families.


title: Chenareh

paragraphs: Chenareh (, ) is a city in the Kurdistan province of Iran. Its people speak Kurdish. They are followers of Islam. At the 2006 census, its population was 433, in 101 families.


title: Kani Dinar

paragraphs: Kani Dinar (, ) is a city in the Kurdistan province of Iran. Its people speak Kurdish. They are followers of Islam. At the 2006 census, its population was 5,127, in 1,232 families.


title: Delbaran

paragraphs: Delbaran (, ) is a city in the Kurdistan province of Iran. Its people speak Kurdish. They are followers of Islam. At the 2006 census, its population was 6,104, in 1,395 families.


title: Dezej

paragraphs: Dezej (, ) is a city in the Kurdistan province of Iran. Its people speak Kurdish. They are followers of Islam. At the 2006 census, its population was 2,292, in 559 families.


title: Serishabad

paragraphs: Serishabad (, ) is a city in the Kurdistan province of Iran. Its people speak Kurdish. They are followers of Islam. At the 2006 census, its population was 6,563, in 1,742 families.


title: Shuyesheh

paragraphs: Shuyesheh (, ) is a city in the Kurdistan province of Iran. Its people speak Kurdish. They are followers of Islam. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,136, in 280 families.


title: Saheb, Iran

paragraphs: Saheb (, ) is a city in the west side of Iran. They are followers of Islam. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,489, in 344 families.


title: Irtysh River

paragraphs: The Irtysh River (; ; / ; , ""Twirl""; ) is a river in Siberia and Kazakhstan. It is the main tributary of the Ob River. The main tributary of the Irtysh is the Tobol River. The Ob-Irtysh forms a major drainage basin in Asia, and covers most of Western Siberia and the Altay Mountains.


title: Interpretations of quantum mechanics

paragraphs: In quantum mechanics, the mathematical formalism is very difficult to interpret physically. However, there are many ideas about the interpretations and meanings of quantum mechanics. There are no facts to prove any interpretation over the others, but there are some that are more accepted than others.

paragraphs: The main ideas of quantum mechanics are the postulates of Schrödinger and Heisenberg. The Schrödinger equation is a partial differential equation that describes the wavefunction of an object. The equation can be given by

paragraphs: The basic meaning of this equation is that a particle, such as an electron, is not "just" a point-like particle, but also a type of wave. The philosophical implications will be explored shortly. Another fundamental of quantum mechanics is the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. This bizarre theory is the idea that the position and the momentum of an object cannot both be known. The greater the certainty of the "position" of an object, the less the certainty of the "momentum" of the object. The mathematical formulation of this is given by

paragraphs: This can further be generalized by stating that

paragraphs: Where formula_4 is the operator of formula_5 and formula_6. This law also gives rise to an uncertainty between energy and time, which can be expressed in the same way as the relation between momentum and position.

paragraphs: Another important fact of quantum mechanics is that the electron behaves in a very weird way. At first, no one really knew what the wavefunction meant physically. Max Born, a theoretical physicist, explained that the wavefunction is a "probability wave." In other words, wherever the wave is denser, that is where the particle is most likely found, but it won't necessarily be found there. The way to find the probability

paragraphs: (formula_7) of the position of the particle in the region formula_8

paragraphs: For example, if formula_7 is equal to .5, then there is a 50% chance of finding the particle within that region. This shows us that the location of a particle is probabilistic; one can never say that the particle will "definitely" be found at a certain point in space, but rather, one can only give the probability of finding the particle within that region.

paragraphs: The most well-accepted interpretation of quantum mechanics is the idea called Copenhagen interpretation. This interpretation builds upon the probability-wave notion, but brings in a radical new idea called the superposition principle. The best way to explain this principle is by showing it mathematically. If the functions formula_10 are solutions of the Schrödinger equation, then the superposition of those wavefunctions is also a solution. i.e.,

paragraphs: Where formula_12 is the superposition of the various wavefunctions. This idea implies that a particle occupies every possible wavefunction it can. This implies that a particle occupies more than one position "at the same time." In other words, a particle exists in at least two different positions simultaneously. When an observer comes and actually measures the position of the particle, something called the wavefunction collapse occurs. So when someone observes the particle, the following happens:

paragraphs: In simple terms: when there is no observation or observer, then a particle occupies many positions simultaneously; when an observation takes place, the wavefunction collapses and the particle exists only in one position.

paragraphs: The many-worlds interpretation is by far the most fantastic interpretation of quantum mechanics. This interpretation says that rather than the wavefunction collapsing, each possibility actually occurs, but in separate universes. This means that the universes branch off for each possibility.

paragraphs: The interpretation presented by Albert Einstein himself, states that the outcome of some random event is predetermined. So, rather than a particle existing as a probability wave, this interpretation says that the particle exists only in one position, but we just perceive it to be a probability. This idea is much less popular, but nonetheless mentionable.

paragraphs: So, of the three main interpretations of quantum mechanics, which one is correct? Physicists seem to think that the Copenhagen interpretation is the most likely, but no one is for sure.


title: Planck's law

paragraphs: Planck's law describes the spectral density of electromagnetic radiation emitted by a black body in thermal equilibrium at a given temperature "T". The law is named after Max Planck, who proposed it in 1900. It is a pioneering result of modern physics and quantum theory.


title: Kure, Hiroshima

paragraphs: In 1894, Prime Minister Itō Hirobumi transfered the Imperial Headquarters ("Daihon'ei") to Kure.

paragraphs: The modern city of Kure was founded in 1902.

paragraphs: The natural harbor was a naval base until the end of the Second World War. The Japanese battleship Yamato was built at Kure.


title: Etajima, Hiroshima

paragraphs: Etajima was the site of the from 1888 to 1945.

paragraphs: The present city was created in 2004. It was created by uniting 4 towns: Etajima, Nōmi, Ōgaki, and Okimi.


title: Hioki, Kagoshima

paragraphs: The city was created in 2005 from the merger of the towns of Fukiage, Higashiichiki, Hiyoshi and Ijūin.


title: Bagh

paragraphs: Bagh () is a sub-district of Bagh District, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan.


title: Jason Spezza

paragraphs: Jason Anthony Rocco Spezza (born June 13, 1983 in Mississauga, Ontario) is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre. He currently plays for the Toronto Maple Leafs of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also played for the Ottawa Senators and Dallas Stars.

paragraphs: He began his hockey career with the Brampton Battalion of the OHL. He also played for the Mississauga Ice Dogs for 2 seasons, the Windsor Spitfires for 2 seasons and the Belleville Bulls for 1 season. He entered the draft in 2001 and he was drafted with the 2nd overall by the Ottawa Senators in the 2001 NHL Entry Draft.

paragraphs: He was assigned to the Grand Rapids Griffins, the farm team of the Senators. He was called up to the Senators and made his NHL debut in the 2002-03 NHL season. He played 33 games with the Senators and played most of the season with Ottawa's new affiliate, Binghamton Senators. He was called up and played two seasons with the Senators and was sent down to the Binghamton Senators to play a season. After that he joined the Ottawa's main roster full-time.

paragraphs: Spezza was on the cover of 2007 video game, NHL 2K8. He married his girlfriend Jennifer on July 25, 2009. They have two daughters Sophia Donna Spezza (born June 8, 2010) and Nicola Patricia Spezza (born April 1, 2012).

paragraphs: On July 1, 2014, after Spezza had requested a trade, the Senators traded him along with Ludwig Karlsson to the Dallas Stars in exchange for Alex Chiasson, Alex Guptill, Nicolas Paul and a 2015 second-round pick to Ottawa.


title: Cave Johnson

paragraphs: Cave Johnson (January 11, 1793 – November 23, 1866) was a United States Congressman from Tennessee. He was from the Democratic Party.


title: Michelle Monaghan

paragraphs: Michelle Monaghan (born March 23, 1976) is an American movie and television program actress. She was in the movies "Eagle Eye", "Made of Honor" and "Mission: Impossible III". She also acted in the television program "Boston Public". Before acting, she appeared on the covers of several magazines. Monaghan was born in Iowa.


title: Hyūga, Miyazaki

paragraphs: The preservation district has a 19th century character.

paragraphs: The modern city was established in 1951.


title: Qinghai

paragraphs: Qinghai Province is a large province in north-west China on the Tibetan Plateau.


title: Nichinan, Miyazaki

paragraphs: The modern city was established in 1950.


title: Julia Child

paragraphs: Julia Carolyn Child (Julia Carolyn McWilliams; August 15, 1912 – August 13, 2004) was an American television personality, writer, and chef. She was known for having her own cooking show "The French Chef". She won a Peabody Award and an Emmy Award.

paragraphs: Child was born on August 15, 1912 in Pasadena, California. She studied at Smith College and at Le Cordon Bleu. Child was married to Paul Cushing Child from 1946 until his death in 1994. They had no children. Child died on August 13, 2004 in Montecito, California from kidney failure, aged 91.


title: Roy W. Hill

paragraphs: Roy William Hill (December 1, 1899 – February 14, 1986) was an American automobile dealer, philanthropist, and businessman. He helped start the Eisenhower Medical Center.

paragraphs: Hill was born on December 1, 1899 in Los Angeles, California. He was married to Madeleine M. Hill from 1924 until they divorced during the 1930s. Then he was married to Faye D Maxwell from 1942 until they divorced in 1969. Then he was married to Anne T. Hill from 1971 until his death in 1986. Hill died on February 14, 1986 from heart failure in his Rancho Mirage, California, aged 86.


title: Meg Hillier

paragraphs: Meg Hillier (born 1969, Hampstead) is the Labour MP for Hackney South and Shoreditch. She was also the Mayor of Islington, where she lives. She read Philosophy, Politics and Economics at St Hilda's College, Oxford.


title: St Hilda's College, Oxford

paragraphs: St. Hilda's College, Oxford is part of the University of Oxford. It was founded as a women's college in 1893 and remained single sex until 2008.


title: St. Hilda

paragraphs: Saint Hilda (614-690) of Whitby, Yorkshire was an abbess. Bede writes about her in his history of the church.


title: Whitby

paragraphs: Whitby is a fishing port near Scarborough, North Yorkshire, in northeast England. 13,213 people live there. Its name comes from the Old Norse Witebi, which means the "white settlement".

paragraphs: Whitby is on the edge of the North Yorkshire Moors.

paragraphs: Its heritage coast is around 35 miles (56 km) long, stretching from Staithes to Flamborough. At Whitby, dinosaur footprints are visible on the beach. The black mineral jet is found in the cliffs and on the moors and has been used since the Bronze Age to make beads. In Victorian times jet was brought to Whitby by pack pony to be made into decorative items. It was most popular in the mid-19th century when it was chosen for mourning jewellery by Queen Victoria after the death of Prince Albert.

paragraphs: In the Middle Ages, Whitby was home to whaling and herring fishing fleets. Now, lobsters, brown and velvet crabs are important to the local fishery. Tourists first began to visit Whitby in the 1800s. Tourism is now the main source of income for Whitby.

paragraphs: Whitby's East cliff is the home of Whitby Abbey. On the West Cliff, a whalebone arch commemorates Whitby's fishing heritage.

paragraphs: Captain James Cook, a British explorer who mapped New Zealand, Hawaii and Newfoundland, learnt to sail in Whitby.

paragraphs: Part of Bram Stoker's story of Dracula is set in Whitby.


title: Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close (movie)

paragraphs: Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close is an American drama movie released at Christmas 2011. It is based on the novel of the same name. It stars Tom Hanks, Sandra Bullock, Viola Davis, John Goodman, Jeffrey Wright and Max von Sydow with Zoe Caldwell. It is an autistic child whose father is killed in the September 11 attacks. The movie's reviews were negative. It was nominated for Academy Awards for Best Picture and Best Supporting Actor for von Sydow.


title: Eye colour

paragraphs: Eye color is a visible character caused by two factors: the pigmentation of the eye's iris, and way light is scattered as it hits the top layer of the iris.

paragraphs: The human eye is different from its nearest relative, the chimpanzee eye. The eyes of chimps and also gorillas are entirely brown. Humans have the white to their eyes. This difference is thought to be significant. In the apes, individuals do not usually look directly at other members of the family, but all the same they keep a close watch on what is going on with the family group. They tend to look out of the corners of their eyes, as if to keep the glance secret. Perhaps to them a direct look is aggressive. Jane Goodall used to be careful and avoid looking directly at the gorilla families in the bush. She would sit at a distance, appearing to nibble at grass and leaves, while making occasional glances at the gorilla family.

paragraphs: In humans, the pigment of the iris varies from light brown to black. This depends on the amount of melanin in the iris. The appearance of blue, green and hazel eyes result from the Rayleigh scattering of light in the iris. A similar process accounts for the blueness of the sky. Neither blue nor green pigments are ever present in the human iris or fluid. Eye colour is an example of structural colour which varies according to the lighting conditions, especially for lighter-coloured eyes.

paragraphs: The brightly coloured eyes of many birds, reptiles and insects is caused by other pigments, such as pteridines, purines, and carotenoids.

paragraphs: The view that blue eye colour is a simple recessive trait is incorrect. Two main gene loci code for the eye pigment: "OCA2" and "HERC2". They sit next to each other on chromosome 15. Mutations (SNPs) to these genes account for much of the variation seen in eye colour. "OCA2" mutations close to the 5′ regulatory region explain most human eye-color variation. An intron in "HERC2" contains the promoter region for "OCA2", affecting its expression.

paragraphs: There are about 15 other genes which have some effect on eye colour inheritance. This is an effect called epistasis, and is not unusual.


title: Iris (eye)

paragraphs: The iris (plural: irides or irises) is a thin, circular structure in the eye. It controls the diameter and size of the pupils.

paragraphs: Eye colour is the colour of the iris. In humans, the iris may look green, blue, brown, hazel (a combination of light brown, green and gold), grey, violet, or even pink. In response to the amount of light exiting the eye, muscles attached to the iris expand or contract the pupil. The larger the pupil, the more light can enter the eye and reach the retina.


title: Fleet Street

paragraphs: Fleet Street is a road in central London. It used to be where newspapers were made, before they moved east to Wapping.

paragraphs: The street already existed in the 14th century. It connected the City of London to Westminster. It takes its name from the River Fleet.


title: Lisa Blount

paragraphs: Lisa Blount (July 1, 1957 - October 27, 2010) was an American television series and movie actress and producer who was in notable movies. She starred "An Officer and a Gentleman" (1982) and in the 2005 movie "Chrystal". Blount was born in Fayetteville, Arkansas. She died in Little Rock, Arkansas.


title: Aérospatiale SA-330 Puma

paragraphs: The Aérospatiale SA-330 Puma is a transport helicopter designed and built in France. The design was first built by Sud Aviation, and later by Aérospatiale. It was also built by Westland Helicopter in the United Kingdom after an agreement between the two countries It first flew in April 1965. It is mainly used by Armée de l'Air, Royal Air Force, and some other air forces. It is also used by civilians.

paragraphs: The Aérospatiale SA-330 Puma is 59.6½ feet (18.15 meters) long, 49.2½ feet (15.00 meters) diameter, and 16.10½ feet (5.14 meters) tall. A minimum mass that weighs 7,795 pounds (3,536 kg) and at the maximum mass that weighs 15,532 pounds (7,000 kg). It is powered by two Turbomeca Turmo engines driving a helicopter rotor with four blades.

paragraphs: The passenger cabin allows the reception of sixteen to twenty armed soldiers in military version, and fourteen to sixteen passengers in civil version. The two-seater cockpit of the helicopter is type side by side. A mechanic, also serving the mechanical winch, takes place at the rear. He can used the removable machine gun.

paragraphs: At the beginning of 2013, these countries were still using or had used the military Puma:

paragraphs: If the majority of Puma was built by Aérospatiale in France and the UK by Westland but. A few others were produced under license in Indonesia, Romania, and South Africa.

paragraphs: SA-330A is the prototype and SA-330Z is an experimental version.

paragraphs: British production is only for the military version.

paragraphs: "NAS-330J". Indonesian Puma are built by IPTN, indigenous aeronautical industry, for civilian and military.

paragraphs: "IAR-330", "IAR-330 SOCAT". Romanian Puma are built by IAR, indigenous aeronautical industriy, for civilian and military. IAR-330 SOCAT is an attack and transport helicopter, like soviet helicopter Mi-24 Hind.

paragraphs: "Oryx". South African Puma are built by Atlas Aircraft Corporation, indigenous aeronautical industriy, for civilian and military.

paragraphs: The SA-330 Puma gave birth to a derivative extensively modified, designated AS-332 Super Puma.


title: Ogasawara, Tokyo

paragraphs: In 1940, municipalities were created for groups and single isolated islands in the Pacific Ocean. The Tokyo Metropolitan Government was made responsible for local government on the islands, including

paragraphs: The local government structure of the post-war occupation of these islands is still used today.

paragraphs: The Japanese government identifies Okinotori as Japan's southernmost island. It is 1,700 kilometres south of central Tokyo.


title: Pope Soter

paragraphs: Pope Soter (; d. 174) was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church who became the 12th Pope, the official title is the Bishop of Rome, from 166 until his death in 174.

paragraphs: Records from that time mention his letters. One such letter is an admonishment of the moral laxity in the Church at Corinth. Another is regarding who can touch the sacred cloths used in the Mass.

paragraphs: The issue of when to celebrate Easter was discussed again and Catholics were instructed to celebrate the day on a Sunday rather than on Passover which some Churches, particularly in Asia Minor, were doing. He is considered a Saint of the Catholic Church and his feast day is celebrated on April 22.


title: Kristen Johnston

paragraphs: Kristen Johnston (September 20, 1967) is an American movie, stage and television program actress who won two Emmy Awards for acting. She acted as Sally Solomon in the sitcom "3rd Rock from the Sun" and has been in several movies. She was born in Washington, D.C., though was raised close to Milwaukee, Wisconsin.


title: Ilford

paragraphs: Ilford is a large town in Greater London, the headquarters of the London Borough of Redbridge. It is also identified as a major area in the London Plan, being located about 9.1 miles east of Charing Cross.

paragraphs: Ilford was once a small settlement in Essex. It started to develop because of its strategic position near the River Roding and the road from London to Colchester. The arrival of the railway in 1839 also boosted this growth, causing trade and development to foster in the area. Ilford became a municipal borough in 1926 as well as expanding and increasing in population. In 1965, however, the municipal boroughs were scrapped and the area was removed from Essex and dissolved into Greater London. Many people still refer to Ilford and other East London areas as being part of Essex.

paragraphs: Ilford is part of the IG postcode area although some parts are in the E postcode area instead.


title: Ricky Tomlinson

paragraphs: Ricky Tomlinson (born 26 September 1939) is a British actor and political activist. He was born Eric Tomlinson in Bispham, Blackpool, Lancashire. He is best known for his roles as Bobby Grant in "Brookside", DCI Charlie Wise in "Cracker" and Jim Royle in "The Royle Family".


title: Atanasoff–Berry Computer

paragraphs: The Atanasoff-Berry Computer was one of the first computers. It was designed in 1937. It was not able to be programmed, and it was designed only to solve groups of linear equations. It was successfully tested in 1942. It was very amazing technology for the time. It was the first machine to use many important things used in modern computing.


title: Ann Sothern

paragraphs: Ann Sothern (January 22, 1909 - March 15, 2001) was an American movie, stage and television series actress. She starred in a lot of radio and television shows. She began her career in the late 1920s, and it lasted less than sixty years. She acted in the sitcoms "Private Secretary" (1953-58) and "The Ann Sothern Show" (1958-61). Sothern was born in North Dakota. She moved to Idaho after she retired from acting. She died in Idaho from heart failure.


title: Gustavo Santaolalla

paragraphs: Gustavo Alfredo Santaolalla (born 19 August 1951) is an Argentine musician, film composer and producer. He is a two-time Academy Award winner for Best Original Score.


title: Coti

paragraphs: Roberto Fidel Ernesto Sorokin, known by his stage name Coti, is an Argentine musician. He is best known for his work with other Spanish-language artists like Andrés Calamaro, Julieta Venegas, Paulina Rubio and Luis Miguel. His 2005 release, "Esta Mañana y Otros Cuentos" went gold in both Argentina and Mexico. It went double platinum in Spain.


title: Bernardo O'Higgins

paragraphs: Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme (1778–1842) was a Chilean independence leader. Along with José de San Martín, he is credited with liberating Chile from Spanish rule. Although he was the second (1817–1823), he is considered one of Chile's founding fathers. He was also the first leader of a fully independent Chilean state.


title: Scott Mills

paragraphs: Scott Mills (born 28 March 1974) is a British radio DJ. He has his own daily show on BBC Radio 1. He is also a television presenter and an actor. He was born in Southampton.

paragraphs: Scott Mills began working at 16 in a local radio in Hampshire. He joined BBC Radio 1 in 1998. In May 2004 was given a slot on weekday early-evenings to cover for Sara Cox who was about to have a baby. He now has a slot everyday in the afternoon.


title: Mitochondrial Eve

paragraphs: Mitochondrial Eve is a term from genetics. It refers to a woman, whose mitochondrial DNA is the parent of all living humans. According to current research, Mitochondrial Eve lived about 200.000 years ago. Most likely she lived in East Africa, when "Homo sapiens sapiens" (anatomically modern humans) were developing as a population distinct from other human sub-species.

paragraphs: Mitochondrial Eve lived later than "Homo heidelbergensis" and the emergence of "Homo neanderthalensis", but earlier than the out of Africa migration.

paragraphs: The dating for 'Eve' was a blow to the multiregional hypothesis, and a boost to the hypothesis that modern humans originated relatively recently in Africa and spread from there, replacing more "archaic" human populations such as Neanderthals. As a result, the latter hypothesis became dominant.


title: King Ghidorah

paragraphs: King Ghidorah is a fictional monster who appears in movies from Japan. He first appeared in "Ghidorah, the Three-Headed Monster". Since then, he has appeared in several "Godzilla" movies. He is a golden three-headed dragon with no arms, large wings, and two tails. He is the strongest monster in the "Godzilla" movies.


title: Piano Sonata No. 11 (Mozart)

paragraphs: The Piano Sonata No. 11 in A major, K. 331 is a piece of music for the piano. It was written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. It was published in Vienna, Austria by Artaria in 1784. It is the second of a group of three piano sonatas. Mozart probably wrote the group in Salzburg in the summer of 1783. It was then that he brought his wife Constance (Weber) to his hometown to introduce her to his father Leopold. The first sonata in the group is No. 10 in C major, K. 330. The third is No. 12 in F major, K. 332. Mozart numbered this group of sonatas 1 through 3. He spent much time teaching during his early years in Vienna. It is likely that these sonatas were written for his pupils.

paragraphs: The A major sonata is unique among Mozart's piano sonatas. It does not include a movement in sonata form. The first movement is a lilting theme in 6/8 followed by six variations in A major and A minor. The last variation is in 4/4 time. The second movement is a Menuetto in A major with a contrasting section (called a Trio) in D major. It is written in 3/4 time. The third and final movement is the famous "Alla Turca" (Turkish Rondo) in 2/4 time. It is considered one of the finest examples of Viennese Turkish music that was produced in the late 18th century. The rondo's rolled block bass chords suggest the drum rolls of a Turkish Janissary band. In true classical style, the rondo alternates between major and minor keys, and loud and soft dynamics. The piece is a favorite for amateur recitals.


title: Sandy Dennis

paragraphs: Sandra Dale "Sandy" Dennis (April 27, 1937-March 2, 1992) was an American actress. She received two Tony Awards for acting. She performed mostly in theater and movies. Her most notable movies included "Sweet November" (1968), "The Out-of-Towners" (1970) and "The Indian Runner". Dennis was born in Nebraska. She died of ovarian cancer in Westport, Connecticut.


title: Sakai, Osaka

paragraphs: And the largest kofun, "Daisen-kofun", the imperial tomb of Emperor Nintoku is located.


title: Nebraska City, Nebraska

paragraphs: Nebraska City is a city in eastern Nebraska. It is southeast of Omaha. The city is near the border of southwestern Iowa and northwestern Missouri. It was incorporated in late 1855.


title: Necropolis

paragraphs: Necropolis (city of the dead) is a large cemetery complex. One of the most famous is in Thebes, Egypt.


title: Air (visual novel)

paragraphs: Air is a Japanese adult visual novel developed by Key released on September 8, 2000 playable on Windows PCs. Key later released versions of "Air" without the erotic content, and the game was ported to the Dreamcast, PlayStation 2 and PlayStation Portable. Comic anthologies and art books were also published, as were audio dramas and several albums of music. Kyoto Animation produced a 13-episode anime television series and a two-episode anime mini-series in 2005, and Toei Animation produced an anime film in 2005.

paragraphs: The story follows the life of Yukito Kunisaki, a traveling showman searching for the "girl in the sky". He arrives in a quiet, seaside town where he meets three girls, one of whom is the key to the end of his journey.


title: Hebrew name

paragraphs: Hebrew names are names that have come from the Hebrew language. Traditionally they come from the Hebrew Bible.

paragraphs: They are mostly used by people living in Jewish or Christian parts of the world, but some are also adapted to the Islamic world, particularly if a Hebrew name is mentioned in the Qur'an.

paragraphs: When Hebrew-speaking Muslims give names, they do not necessarily use Jewish or Christian names. A typical Hebrew name can have many different forms – an important principle of the Jewish religion worldwide is to give a Hebrew name to a child that is used throughout his or her lifetime.

paragraphs: Not all Hebrew names are strictly Hebrew in origin: some may have been "taken" from other languages since ancient times. These include Egyptian, Aramaic, Phoenician, Greek, Latin, Arabic, Spanish, German, and English.


title: John Gavin

paragraphs: John Gavin (John Anthony Golenor; April 8, 1931 – February 9, 2018) was an American politician and actor. He was the Ambassador to Mexico from 1981 through 1986 under President Ronald Reagan. Gavin was in many movies. He was president of the Screen Actors Guild from 1971 through 1973. He was originally to play James Bond in two movies, but was rejected because he was not British.

paragraphs: Gavin was born on April 8, 1931 in Los Angeles, California to an Irish and Mexican family. He studied at St. John's Military Academy and at Stanford University. Gavin was married to Cecily Evans from 1957 until they divorced in the same year. They had seven children together. He married Constance Towers in 1974. He had two step-children.

paragraphs: Gavin died of pneumonia at his home in Los Angeles on February 9, 2018 at the age of 86.


title: Dale Robertson

paragraphs: Dayle Lymoine "Dale" Robertson (July 14, 1923 – February 27, 2013) was an American actor. He was best known for his role as Jim Hardie in "Tales of Wells Fargo". He won the Golden Boot Award in 1985.

paragraphs: Robertson was born on July 24, 1923 in Hurrah, Oklahoma. He was raised in Claremore, Oklahoma. Robertson studied at Oklahoma Military Academy. He was married to Susan Robertson until his death in 2013. Robertson died on February 27, 2013 from pneumonia caused by lung cancer in his home in San Diego, California, aged 89.


title: Who is a Jew?

paragraphs: Who is a Jew? () is the basic question about the identity of Jews, or in other words: which people are considered to be Jewish.

paragraphs: The definition of who is a Jew may depend on a few things. Because Judaism has no specific race, it can include characteristics of an ethnicity, religion, and citizenship, and so the definition of who is a Jew is not specific.

paragraphs: This question has been a subject to legal arguments, especially in Israel but also outside of it. There have been court cases in Israel since 1962 which had to address the question. In addition, the United Kingdom and other countries has had to consider whether the question was a racial issue or not.

paragraphs: It was an important question to the Nazi party in Germany. The Nazis decided who a Jew was with the Nuremberg Laws.

paragraphs: The question is based on the person's genealogy. Simple definition: a person is a Jew either by birth (in any case if one's mother is Jewish) or by religious conversion.

paragraphs: However, some disagree. Therefore, the following need to be taken into account:


title: Logo of Wikipedia

paragraphs: The logo of Wikipedia, which is a free Internet-based multi-language encyclopedia, is a picture that shows the following description:

paragraphs: A cut globe made from Jigsaw puzzle pieces with some missing at the top, and has glyphs from many different writing systems.

paragraphs: As shown on the web pages of the English-language version of Wikipedia, it says "Wikipedia" under it, and there's a text that says "The Free Encyclopedia", in the free open-source font.


title: Registered user

paragraphs: A registered user is a person who uses a program or a website and signs up to them by providing his or her identity information.

paragraphs: Registered users may be different depending on the platform they are using, and could have some advantage over guest users in many aspects - however, criticism on the matter has been a big deal.


title: Proteome

paragraphs: Proteome is a word made from the words protein and genome. It means all the proteins produced by an organism. It was suggested in 1994 by Marc Wilkins, Professor of Biotechnology at the University of New South Wales.


title: University of New South Wales

paragraphs: The University of New South Wales (UNSW) is a university in Sydney, New South Wales. It is one of the most highly regarded schools in Australia. It was founded in 1949.


title: The Alphabet Killer

paragraphs: The Alphabet Killer is a 2008 American mystery crime thriller movie. It was given limited release on November 7, 2008. The movie is about the murders of three girls in Rochester, New York between 1971 and 1973. Eliza Dushku plays Megan Paige, an investigator for Rochester Police Department who is investigating the murders. Timothy Hutton plays killer Richard Ledge. This thriller got negative reviews from the critics.


title: Crop (anatomy)

paragraphs: A crop (sometimes called a croup or craw) is a thin-walled expanded portion of the alimentary canal used for storing food before digestion. It is found in many animals. It occurs in birds, some dinosaurs, and invertebrate animals such as gastropods (snails and slugs), earthworms, leeches, and insects.

paragraphs: In a bird's digestive system, the crop is an expanded, muscular pouch near the gullet or throat. It is a part of the digestive tract, essentially an enlarged part of the oesophagus. As with most other organisms that have a crop, the crop is used to temporarily store food. Not all birds have a crop. In adult doves and pigeons, the crop can produce crop milk to feed newly hatched birds.

paragraphs: Scavenging birds, such as vultures, will gorge themselves when prey is abundant, causing their crop to bulge. They subsequently sit, sleepy or half torpid, to digest their food.

paragraphs: Most raptors, including hawks, eagles and vultures (as stated above), have a crop; however, owls do not.

paragraphs: Cropping is used by bees to temporarily store nectar of flowers. When bees "suck" nectar, it is stored in their crops.

paragraphs: In a gizzard, the food is ground down before digestion, usually by stones. Gizzards have a tougher lining, and muscles. The gizzard is lower down the digestive tract, and more like a part of the stomach.

paragraphs: The crop is just a storage device. Often, it pays a bird to feed while the going is good, and do the digestion later. In many birds and in bees, the food is eventually brought back to the nest and given to family members.

paragraphs: In other species, food brought back to the nest is pre-digested. That would mean it is regurgitated (brought up) from the stomach.


title: Dassault Rafale

paragraphs: The Dassault Rafale is a fighter aircraft made by French airplane company Dassault Aviation. The prototype first flew in 1986 but was introduced in 2001 by the Marine Nationale. Rafale was introduced in Armée de l'Air in 2006.

paragraphs: Using the traditional delta wing of Dassault aircraft, the Rafale is a twin-engine fighter built in composite material and metal. Near the nose it has small "canard" wings used to stabilize the aircraft during certain phases of flight, especially at low altitude. The cockpit can be single or tandem seat, depending on aircraft type. It has an internal 30 mm calibre autocannon. Rafale has 13 or 14 hardpoints for external weapons :

paragraphs: Maximum offensive load of the Rafale is 21 000 pounds (9 500 kg).

paragraphs: The Rafale avionics consists of an "RBE2" electronic scanning radar, the "OSF" passive visual system and "SPECTRA" electronic warfare. Under wings Rafale may take one or two pods of aerial reconnaissance. It uses the communication "Link 16" like as the majority of NATO combat aircraft.

paragraphs: In 2013 operational users of Rafale were:

paragraphs: Early 2013 in France negotiating the sale of aircraft with Brazil, India, and UAE.

paragraphs: In the afghan war Armée de l'Air and Marine Nationale used there Rafale like bombers and reconnaissance planes. The main weapon of these aircraft was then laser guided bomb. French navy Rafale flown from French aircraft carrier "Charles de Gaulle", named like famous general and political man. Last French Rafale mission in Afghanistan was in december 2011.

paragraphs: In the war of 2011 French Rafale and Mirage 2000 bombed the armed forces of Colonel Gaddafi. Some comes from aircraft carrier "Charles de Gaulle" but French air forces aircraft were from Solenzara air force base in Corsica. In this kind aerial refuelling were an obligation. Like in Afghanistan French pilots fired laser guided bombs, but also laser guided missiles.

paragraphs: In january 2013 France launch in Mali the "opération Serval" whose objective is to fight the Islamist terrorists who occupy the north. Air and land French forces are on alert, and immediately the first French fighter jets launched night bombing. Some are Rafale, but also Mirage 2000D. Once French troops involved, including the Légion Étrangère and Special forces, Rafale and Mirage 2000 were used for close air support. French fighter jets operating from internation airport of N'Djamena in Chad.


title: Independence Gate

paragraphs: The Independence Gate (, ) is a Korean political memorial gate, in Seoul, South Korea. The gate was designed by Seo Jae-pil.


title: Türkmenabat

paragraphs: Türkmenabat (or Turkmenabad; ) is a city in Turkmenistan. It used to be called Chardzhou (, ); Persian for "four canals"). It is the capital of Lebap Province. There were about 254,000 people living there in 2009.


title: French Air Force

paragraphs: The French Air Force (, literally Army of the Air) is the air force of France. It was formed in 1909 as the "Service Aéronautique de l'Armée", part of the French Army, and finally independent in 1934 in its current form. In 2013 it has an important fleet of aircraft.

paragraphs: In France the air force bases are called "Bases Aériennes" or "BA" and have a number, like Base Aérienne 117 in Paris.


title: Show and tell

paragraphs: Show and tell is a common expression. It is about showing an audience something and telling them about it.

paragraphs: This group exercise is used to teach young children the skills of public speaking. For example, children will bring an item from home and will explain to the class why they chose that certain item, where they got it, and other relevant information.

paragraphs: The modern usage of this term began in the 1940s, but the general concept is older. For example, in one of William Shakespeare's plays, a character uses the same words to link something with words explaining it'


title: Spaghetti squash

paragraphs: The spaghetti squash ("Cucurbita pepo") is an oblong seed-bearing variety of winter squash. The fruit can range either from ivory to yellow or orange in color. The orange varieties have a higher carotene content. Its center contains many large seeds. Its flesh is bright yellow or orange. When raw, the flesh is solid and similar to other raw squash; when cooked, the flesh falls away from the fruit in ribbons or strands like spaghetti.

paragraphs: It is a superfood that contains lots of nutrients, including folic acid, potassium, vitamin A, and vitamin C, It is low in calories, averaging at least 42 calories per 1-cup (155 grams) serving.


title: Burning bush

paragraphs: The Burning Bush is an object described in the Book of Exodus. It was said to be on Mount Horeb. According to the narrative, the bush was on fire, but was not consumed (all burned up) by the flames. This is the reason for the name given to the bush. In the narrative, the "burning bush" is where Moses was chosen by God to lead the Israelites out of Egypt and into Canaan.


title: Liana

paragraphs: Lianas are vines which live in rainforests. They are climbing plants which wrap around trees.


title: Doctors of the Church

paragraphs: Doctor of the Church (from Latin "", to teach) is a title used in some Christian churches. It is given to people who are recognized as having been of particular importance, especially in their contribution to theology or doctrine. In the Catholic Church, this title is given to a saint who has written important works. The honour is given rarely, and only after canonisation. Saint Ambrose (330-397), Saint Augustine of Hippo (53-430), Saint Jerome, and Pope Gregory I are known as the Four Great Doctors (of the Western Church). In the Eastern Church, these are John Chrysostom, Saint Basil of Caesarea (or Basil the Great), Gregory of Nazianzus and Athanasius of Alexandria. Other Doctros of the Church incliude Thomas Aquinas, Anselm of Canterbury, Teresa of Ávila, Thérèse of Lisieux and Hildegard von Bingen.


title: Factoring (finance)

paragraphs: Factoring is selling rights to the future payments. People and companies that are receiving money from contracts every some time may be in need of extra money - so they sell rights to receive those payments for cash hence Factoring. This is done especially in construction business where companies are paid for parts of work completed instead of upfront payment. Such a company will sell future payments for small percentage fee and will receive all money they need to continue the work without delays.

paragraphs: The structured settlement factoring transaction can be really helpful for business in financial needs.

paragraphs: It provides business with better financing and more funds on hands in exchange for small percentage of total sum.

paragraphs: Some banks are entering field of Factoring trying to provide same service advertised by well known names.


title: Senigallia

paragraphs: Senigallia is a "comune" and seaport in Italy. It is on the Adriatic coastline, in the province of Ancona, in the Marche region. It is the second city of the province, after the capital, by the number of people living there.

paragraphs: It is an important seaside resort in the Marche region, and is visited every year by many person. Its beach is known as "Spiaggia di Velluto" (Velvet Beach).

paragraphs: Senigallia is on the Adriatic Sea, at the mouth of the Misa river. It has an area of and its altitude is .

paragraphs: The "comune" borders with the following "comuni"ː Belvedere Ostrense, Mondolfo (Province of Pesaro and Urbino), Monte San Vito, Montemarciano, Morro d'Alba, Ostra, Trecastelli.

paragraphs: The following "frazioni" (hamlets) are part of Senigalliaː Bettolelle, Borgo Bicchia, Borgo Catena, Borgo Passera, Brugnetto, Cannella, Castellaro, Cesanella, Cesano, Ciarnin, Filetto, Gabriella, Grottino, Mandriola, Marzocca, Montignano, Roncitelli, Sant'Angelo, San Silvestro, Scapezzano and Vallone.

paragraphs: There are 44,706 persons living in the "comune" (January 2017), for a population density of inhabitants/km².

paragraphs: The people from this "comune" are known, in Italian, as "senigalliesi".

paragraphs: Despite its ancient origin the city presents a modern appearance, with wide streets. Attractions include:


title: Free Studio

paragraphs: Free Studio is a free set of multimedia programs created by DVDVideoSoft. The software is combination of multiple programs of different use combined in one. You can download them as one in a package or separately.

paragraphs: Free Studio consists of 48 programs, grouped into eight sections: YouTube to MP3 converter, Audio, CD-DVD-BD, DVD & Video, Photo & Images, Mobiles, Apple Devices, 3D.

paragraphs: Free YouTube to MP3 Converter is one of the five most popular software applications according to Chip Magazine.


title: AT&T U-verse

paragraphs: U-verse or at&t U-verse is a brand that provides internet connection, premium television channels and VoIP. Launched in June 26, 2006 it is available in 22 US states.

paragraphs: By 2011 U-verse was available to 30 million people. U-verse High Speed Internet had 6.5 million subscribers.


title: Fulfillment house

paragraphs: A fulfillment house or fulfillment centre are modern terms for a packing warehouse.

paragraphs: Standard types of these services are as follows: storage and warehousing (company stores an item until and order for that item is received), inventory control (maintaining and publishing inventory counts), pick and pack services (preparing ordered items for shipping) and shipping (outsourcing to courier or delivery companies).

paragraphs: Advantages of outsourcing to such companies are: facilities (in early stages of business development you may have no place and money needed to store your items), shipping costs (because of special shipping rates when you ship thousands of items, which is not available for small companies), shipping materials costs (same reason as before), fulfillment costs (beneficial pricing when all fulfillment activities are bundled in one order), e-Commerce (fulfillment houses use advanced e-Commerce systems to help in management).

paragraphs: On the other hand disadvantages of outsourcing are: indirect control (if there are any problems with services provided by the fulfillment company the blame and bad reputation will be on your company's shoulders) and product damage or shrinkage (fulfillment companies won't take full responsibility for any product damage or shrinkage until they're proven directly responsible).


title: Paulina Rubio

paragraphs: Paulina Susana Rubio Rue (born June 17, 1971), is a Mexican singer, actress, hostess, model and businesswoman. She has sold over 20 million records world wide.

paragraphs: Paulina's father, Enrique Rubio is of Spanish origin and her mother Susana Dosamantes is a Mexican. Her breakthrough came with the group Timbiriche in Mexico.

paragraphs: She was married to Nicolas Vallejo Najera and they have a son, Andrea Nicolás Vallejo Rubio. She currently lives in Miami, Florida.


title: Skin whitening

paragraphs: Skin whitening, skin lightening and skin bleaching is a technique of making a person's skin lighter. This is done by reducing the melanin responsible for dark skin. Some chemicals in form of pills and injections are available. Some of those chemicals (such as compounds of mercury) may be toxic.

paragraphs: Most skin lightening treatments are done to moles and birthmarks, but lightening unaffected skin parts is also possible. More people use such treatments because prices have dropped and there is better availability.

paragraphs: The new methods using both lasers and LED systems are showing good results and are possible alternative to chemicals.


title: Susana Dosamantes

paragraphs: Susana Dosamantes (born Susana Rue Riestra on 9 January 1948 in Guadalajara, Mexico), is a Mexican actress.

paragraphs: She is the mother of Mexican pop diva Paulina Rubio, She has appeared in around 50 movies and TV series, including telenovelas.

paragraphs: On 11 January 2011, her ex-husband died from kidney cancer.

paragraphs: In recent years Dosamantes has worked in the United States so that she could live near her daughter, Paulina. Both Susana and Paulina now live in Miami, Florida.


title: Potter Palmer

paragraphs: Potter Palmer (May 20, 1826 – May 4, 1902) was an American businessman and architect. Palmer is known for helping creating new streets in the city of Chicago after the Great Chicago Fire during the 1880s.

paragraphs: Palmer was born on May 20, 1826. He was raised in Chicago, Illinois. Potter was married to Bertha Honoré from 1871 until his death in 1902. They had two children. On May 4, 1902, Palmer died from heart failure in his home in Chicago, Illinois. He was 75 when he died. He is buried at Graceland Cemetery in Uptown, Chicago.


title: Human chorionic gonadotropin

paragraphs: Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone produced during pregnancy. Some tumors might produce this hormone. From December 6, 2011, the [FDA] (Food and Drug Administration) made illegal selling hCG diet products in pharmacies.

paragraphs: Controversy about injected hCG for weight loss started marketing campaign for injections of "homeopathic hCG" for weight control. The ingredients in these products if prepared from true hCG via homeopathic dilution, will contain either no hCG at all or only small amount of it.

paragraphs: We can measure hCG level with Blood or urine tests. These can be done by pregnancy tests.

paragraphs: Below is a list of hCG levels during pregnancy. ("LMP" is the last menstrual period dated from the first day of your last period.) The level of hCG grows over the time during pregnancy.


title: Giovanni Bellini

paragraphs: Giovanni Bellini (c. 143026 November 1516) was an Italian Renaissance painter based in Venice. His father Jacopo and his brother Gentile were also painters, as was his brother-in-law Mantegna.

paragraphs: Bellini used a coloristic style exemplified by his use of clear oil paints, deep colors, and detailed shadings. His atmospheric landscapes influenced Venetian painting, particularly the work done by his pupils, Giorgione and Titian.


title: International marketing

paragraphs: International marketing (IM) or global marketing is a marketing done on international level. The International Marketing is based on strategy created in home country of company and distributed to its other offices/affiliations. In most cases it is international company level (company have offices in different countries) market identification and targeting. International Marketing is very similar to Global marketing.

paragraphs: The main difference will be the fact that Global Marketing is focusing on intercontinental point of view.

paragraphs: The example of International Marketing would be where an English company would like to enter Chinese market. It will be done by either developing marketing strategy in their home country that will be then introduced in new market or they will hire a company to create such a plan.

paragraphs: International marketing is developed by many multinational companies on a global level. It is then send to local markets which make changes for their country and starts following new strategy. Such a way of creating marketing strategies ensures that the global brand will be following same strategy and targeting same buyers group.


title: Metroid: Other M

paragraphs: Metroid: Other M is an action-adventure video game published by Team Ninja and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo Wii console. It is the latest game in the "Metroid" series. It was first announced at E3 2009. It was released on August 30, 2010 in North America, on September 2, 2010 in Japan, and on September 3, 2010 in Europe.

paragraphs: "Metroid: Other M" plays in both first person and third-person. It takes place between "Super Metroid" and "Metroid Fusion".


title: Harold Pinter

paragraphs: Harold Pinter CH CBE (10 October 1930 – 24 December 2008) was a British playwright, screenwriter, director and actor. Pinter was Jewish. He was born and raised in Hackney, east London.

paragraphs: His plays include: "The Birthday Party", "The Homecoming" and "Betrayal", all of which he adapted into movies. His adaptations of others' works include: "The Servant", "The Go-Between", "The French Lieutenant's Woman", "The Trial" and "Sleuth".

paragraphs: The critic Irving Wardle called Pinter's early plays ""comedies of menace"". He meant that the plays begin with an apparently innocent situation. The situation becomes both threatening and "absurd" as Pinter's characters behave in strange ways. Pinter acknowledged that Samuel Beckett influenced his early work. They became friends, sending each other drafts of their works in progress for comments.

paragraphs: Pinter was married to Vivien Merchant from 1956 until they divorced in 1980. He was married to Antonia Fraser from 1980 until his death. He was diagnosed with oesophageal cancer in 2001 and died from the disease in London seven years later when it metastasised to his liver.


title: Metroid Prime: Trilogy

paragraphs: Metroid Prime: Trilogy is a compilation video game for the Nintendo Wii console. It was released on August 24, 2009 in North America, on September 4, 2009 in Europe, and on October 15, 2009 in Australia. It includes the games "Metroid Prime", "", and "". In this game, "Metroid Prime" and "Metroid Prime 2: Echoes" have the same control system used in "Metroid Prime 3: Corruption". They also have shorter load times and better graphics.


title: Structured settlement

paragraphs: A Structured settlement is an insurance or financial arrangement that is negotiated to end a lawsuit. It is a legal agreement through which an insurance company agrees to make regular payments to a specific individual over a period of time.

paragraphs: Structured settlements created as a way for insurance companies to payout settlements in installments as opposed to large lump sums. Structured settlements may benefit injured people whose settlements might result in their owing taxes, by allowing them to reduce or delay tax payments. They may also benefit younger people or disabled people by providing periodic payments of money over an extended period of time.

paragraphs: Structured settlements require the paper holder (a name for the person who receives payments from the settlement) to wait before they will get money, by spreading payments over a number of years. However there are companies offering to buy such a structured settlement for upfront money. For example, a company might offer to buy a settlement that would be paid in 20 yearly payments for a one-time payment of lower value. Such financing may need to be approved by judge and the insurance company.

paragraphs: In the United States, the sale of a structured settlement may result in tax liability under the Internal Revenue Code.


title: Die Fledermaus

paragraphs: Die Fledermaus () is an opera by Johann Strauss II. Its first performance took place on April 5, 1874 at the Theater an der Wien in Vienna, Austria. The opera has been presented on New Year's Eve in Vienna since the early 1930s. "Die Fledermaus" is based on the French play "Le Réveillon" (1872) by Meilhac and Halévy.


title: Term life insurance

paragraphs: Term life insurance or term assurance is life insurance that provides coverage for some sum of money during a given period of time. After the term stated in original contract expires, the sum of money paid to insurance company will need to be renegotiated and will often increase. Term insurance is the cheapest way of buying live insurance.

paragraphs: Term life insurance is the original form of life insurance and is different to permanent insurance because its rates will not go up, and there is a fixed term contract, which will end in the future. Permanent life insurance contracts can last until the death of insured person, but the rates will slowly increase over time.

paragraphs: Because term life insurance is only death insurance, it is used to cover mortgages (guarantee that the bank will receive their money), payment to the families (upon death of insured person his family will usually receive repayment for funeral costs and in some cases will get some money), repayment of debts.

paragraphs: The simplest form of term life insurance is a one-year contract. The death benefit will be paid if the insured dies. If he does not die during this the coverage period no claims are paid, and a new contract must be written.

paragraphs: Term life insurance is the most affordable type of life insurance because it is temporary and builds no cash value inside the policy over time. Term life is “pure protection”, not an investment.

paragraphs: Level term life insurance is a type of term life insurance plan that has guaranteed level rates and amounts of coverage for the entire term of the policy.

paragraphs: Level term life plans may offer coverage with level rates for a period of 10, 15, 20 or 30 years. Some term life insurance plans provide life insurance to age 65 or 70, but your rate will increase after the “level term” period.


title: Eisteddfod

paragraphs: The Eisteddfod is a Welsh festival of literature and music. The idea of the festival goes back at least to the 12th century.


title: Denbighshire

paragraphs: Denbighshire is a shire in northeast Wales, in the United Kingdom. It has over 90,000 people. The largest town is Rhyl.


title: Rhyl

paragraphs: Rhyl (), pronounced "Rill", is a seaside resort and community in Denbighshire in North Wales. It is in the historic county of Flintshire and the preserved county of Clwyd. In 2011, the town's population was 25,149. This makes it one of the largest settlements in North Wales.

paragraphs: The town was once an elegant Victorian resort. Influences from Liverpool and Manchester, both cities in England, after World War II changed the town. By 1990, the town had declined. However, since then the town has had major regeneration.

paragraphs: It has a number of Grade II listed buildings. An example is the Parish Church of St Thomas in Bath Street. It is listed as Grade II*.

paragraphs: Very old documents refer to a small dwelling in the area called "Ty'n Rhyl". There is a manor house with that name that still exists in the town.


title: Mesh networking

paragraphs: Mesh networking is a kind of network topology, a way computer networks and other networks are laid out. In mesh networking, each node is connected to one or more other nodes. Information is passed from one node to the next, until it reaches its target destination. Such networks can be very reliable because there is usually more than one path from one node to another. When a node fails, the data will simply take another route.

paragraphs: The disadvantage of such networks is that building them can be very expensive. A network in which each node is directly connected to every other node is called a fully connected network. Another type of a mesh network is a mobile ad hoc network. In such a network the nodes are mobile, and the network may reorganize itself while it is running.

paragraphs: According to Reed's Law, the value of fully meshed networks is proportional to the exponent of the number of subscribers. Metcalf's Law, in contrast asserts that the value is proportional to the square of the number of subscibers.


title: The Emperor's New Clothes

paragraphs: "The Emperor's New Clothes" is a story by Hans Christian Andersen. The tale was first published on 7 April 1837 with "The Little Mermaid" in the third and final installment of Andersen's "Fairy Tales Told for Children". It was published in Copenhagen, Denmark by C. A. Reitzel. The story is based on one from the "Libro de los ejemplos del conde Lucanor y de Patronio|Libro de los ejemplos" (or "El Conde Lucanor", 1335) by Juan Manuel, Prince of Villena (1282–1348). This book was a medieval Spanish collection of fifty-one cautionary tales with various sources such as Aesop and other classical writers and Persian folktales. Andersen did not know the Spanish original, but read the tale in a German translation titled "So ist der Lauf der Welt". In the source tale, a king is hoodwinked by weavers who claim to make a suit of clothes invisible to any man not the son of his presumed father. Andersen altered the source tale to direct the focus on courtly pride and intellectual vanity rather than adulterous paternity.

paragraphs: Andersen's manuscript was at the printer’s when he suddenly changed the original climax of the tale from the emperor’s subjects admiring his invisible clothes to that of the child's cry. Andersen’s decision to change the ending may have occurred after he read the manuscript tale to a child, or had its source in a childhood incident similar to that in the tale. In 1872, he recalled standing in a crowd with his mother waiting to see King Frederick VI. When the king made his appearance, Andersen cried out, "Oh, he’s nothing but a human being!" His mother tried to silence him by crying, "Have you gone mad, child?". Whatever the reason, Andersen thought the change would prove more satirical.

paragraphs: The story tells of an Emperor who cares for nothing but new clothes. He hires two swindlers who promise him the finest suit of clothes. It will be made from a fabric invisible to anyone who is unfit for his position or "hopelessly stupid". The Emperor's ministers cannot see the clothing, but pretend that they can for fear of appearing unfit for their positions. The Emperor does the same. Finally the swindlers report that the suit is finished. They pretend to dress Emperor. He marches in procession before his subjects. The townsfolk play along with the pretense. Then a child in the crowd cries out that the Emperor is wearing nothing at all. The cry is taken up by others. The Emperor cringes, but holds his head high and continues the procession.


title: Shabbat

paragraphs: Shabbat is the name of the day of rest in Judaism. Shabbat happens on the seventh day (Saturday) of every week. In Judaism, the day is defined with the cycle of the sun: The day begins and ends at sunset, not midnight. So the seventh day of the week, Shabbat, begins Friday when the sun goes down, and ends Saturday night after it gets dark. The idea of Shabbat comes from the Bible's story of Creation. In that story, God creates the Universe and everything on Earth for six days. On the seventh day, he stops work. In the same way, Jews work on the first six days of the week and rest on the seventh day, Shabbat.

paragraphs: The word "Shabbat" began as a Hebrew word (). The English word "Sabbath" comes from the word "Shabbat". The English word can also be used to refer to Shabbat. The Christian idea of Sabbath came from the Jewish idea of Shabbat. Now, there are many differences between them.

paragraphs: The first part of the Jewish Bible, the Torah, says that work is not allowed on Shabbat. It is a day to rest and study the Torah.

paragraphs: In Jewish law, Shabbat is the most important Jewish holiday. It is even more important than Passover, Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur. Jewish mystics say that the Shabbat day is meant to be like a perfect world. In this world, everyone knows about God and loves him. They believe that kind of world has not been seen since the Garden of Eden, and will not be seen again until the Messiah comes.

paragraphs: There are two versions of the Ten Commandments in the Bible. These versions use different words. The version in Exodus says "Remember Shabbat to keep it holy." The version in Deuteronomy says "Guard Shabbat to keep it holy." Jewish custom says that "remember" means to "celebrate" Shabbat. "Guard" means "resting"—not working or doing business.

paragraphs: Shabbat is a happy day. There are many ceremonies of Shabbat that help people celebrate the happiness of the day.

paragraphs: Enjoying Shabbat is very important, but Shabbat is a holy day. There are laws and rules in the Torah, the Mishnah and the Talmud about what Jews may and may not do on Shabbat. These laws help Jews keep Shabbat as a holy day.

paragraphs: Conservative Judaism also teaches Jews not to do activities in the 39 prohibited categories of work "(melacha)." Conservative rabbis are often less strict about what is "melacha" than Orthodox rabbis are. Conservative rabbis are almost always less strict about what is a prevention "(shevut)" than Orthodox rabbis. For example, Conservative rabbis allow Jews to use electricity on Shabbat for many purposes. They do not allow Jews to use electricity to do any of the 39 prohibited categories of work.

paragraphs: Many, if not most, "lay members" (not rabbis or prayer leaders) of Conservative synagogues in North America do not follow these laws. Progressive Judaism, including Reform Judaism, does not accept Jewish law as binding. These Jews may rest on Shabbat, but are not usually strict about not doing "melacha" or "shevut." They may even add practices not allowed under Orthodox Jewish law that they think improves their celebration of Shabbat. For example, they may drive to synagogue on Shabbat, or may use musical instruments on Shabbat. Orthodox Judaism does not allow either of those actions on Shabbat.

paragraphs: Shabbat ends after dark on Saturday night. The end of Shabbat is marked by a ceremony called "Havdalah" (). This is a Hebrew word meaning "division" or "separation". The ceremony "divides" or "separates" the holy day of Shabbat from the new week. The "Havdalah" blessings are spoken over a cup of wine. The "Havdalah" ceremony also uses spices with a nice smell and a candle with many "wicks" (cloth strings for lighting). After "Havdalah", people start doing regular weekday things again.

paragraphs: "Note 1." Sources here may not be in Simple English.<br>

paragraphs: "Note 2." Some Bible sources below include a Simple English version of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 English translation. All Bible sources below include a link to the 1917 translation and the original Hebrew text.


title: Plural ignorance

paragraphs: Plural ignorance or pluralistic ignorance is a term which gives a name to a situation where a majority of group members privately reject a norm, but at the same time, they assume incorrectly that most others accept it. The term describes a context in which "no one believes, but everyone thinks that everyone believes."

paragraphs: A context of plural ignorance can be caused by the structure of the underlying social network.

paragraphs: A situation of plural ignorance develops when each individual decision-maker in a group of decision-makers does not have the necessary information to solve a problem.

paragraphs: The term "pluralistic ignorance" was coined by Daniel Katz and Floyd H. Allport in 1931.

paragraphs: Plural ignorance may partially explain why people are more likely to intervene in an emergency situation when alone than when other persons are present. If people monitor the reactions of others in such a situation, they may conclude from the inaction of others that other people think that it is not necessary to act.


title: Millionaire Hot Seat

paragraphs: Millionaire Hot Seat is an Australian television game show. It is a spin-off of the game show "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?". It first aired on 20 April 2009. It is hosted by Eddie McGuire.

paragraphs: Six players compete for a prize of $1,000,000. Players are asked multiple choice questions with four possible answers. Each question has a time limit. The time limit is 15 seconds for the first five questions, 30 seconds for the next five questions, and 45 seconds for the last five. Players have one "pass" that they can use. If a player uses a pass, the question goes to the next player in line. That player can not use their pass on the question. If a player answers a question incorrectly, they are removed from the game, go home with nothing, and the top prize is lowered. If a player does not give an answer in the time limit, it is considered a pass. If they can not pass, they are removed from the game.

paragraphs: If the first player answers the first five questions correctly, they win a $1,000 bonus.

paragraphs: The game ends when all of the players are removed from the game or the last question is answered. If the question is answered correctly, the player wins the amount of money the question is worth. If it is answered incorrectly, the player goes home with nothing. If the 5th question was answered correctly, they leave with $1,000.


title: Bathroom cabinet

paragraphs: A bathroom cabinet (or medicine cabinet) is a cabinet in a bathroom. Most of the time it is located above bathroom sink. The main role of bathroom cabinet is to be place to keep drugs, hygienic equipment and toiletries like toothbrush and perfumes. Having a bathroom cabinet saves a space (it is located above sink which usually is unused space), helps to organize belongings in case of broken pipe or other kind of flooding in the bathroom.


title: Michel Aflaq

paragraphs: Michel Aflaq (, 1910 – 23 June 1989) was a Syrian philosopher, sociologist and Arab nationalist. He is considered to be the principal founder of Ba'athism.


title: Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction)

paragraphs: The Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party (also spelled Ba'th or Baath, "resurrection" or "renaissance"; "Hizb Al-Ba'ath Al-'Arabi Al-Ishtiraki"), also called the pro-Iraqi Ba'ath movement, is a Ba'athist political party headquartered in Baghdad, Iraq. It is one of two parties which formed in 1966 after split of the original Ba'ath Party. They ruled Iraq between 1968 and the 2003 invasion of Iraq.


title: Ba'athism

paragraphs: Ba'athism is an Arab political ideology. It combines socialism, nationalism, and Pan-Arabism. A Ba'athist society seeks enlightenment, renaissance of Arab culture, values and society


title: Denton Cooley

paragraphs: Denton Arthur Cooley (August 22, 1920 – November 18, 2016) was an American heart surgeon. He was known for doing the first implantation of a complete artificial heart. Cooley was also the founder and surgeon in-chief of The Texas Heart Institute, chief of Cardiovascular Surgery at St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, consultant in Cardiovascular Surgery at Texas Children's Hospital, and a clinical professor of Surgery at the University of Texas Medical School at Houston.

paragraphs: He studied zoology in the University of Texas and graduated in 1941. He began his medical education at the University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston. He completed his medical degree and his surgical training at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in Baltimore, Maryland, where he also completed his internship. At Johns Hopkins, he worked with Dr. Alfred Blalock and helped with the first Blue Baby procedure to treat a child's congenital heart defect.

paragraphs: In 1946, Cooley served as chief of surgical services at the station hospital in Linz, Austria for the Army Medical Corps. He was discharged (released) in 1948 with the rank of captain. Then, he returned to Johns Hopkins to remain as an instructor in surgery. In 1950, he went to London to work with Lord Russell Brock.

paragraphs: Cooley died at his home in Houston on November 18, 2016, aged 96.


title: Pizzicato Polka

paragraphs: The Pizzicato Polka is a piece of orchestral music by Johann Strauss II. Strauss composed it with his brother Josef in 1869 for a trip to Imperial Russia. It was published in 1870. The polka was written for string orchestra and glockenspiel. It was hugely popular, especially in Italy, where it was included on every program Strauss played there. The piece consists of four melodies and the work is arranged in ternary form (A-B-A). The piece is scored for plucked strings.


title: Emeritus

paragraphs: Emeritus is a title given to a professor, bishop or other person with an important office. The title says that these people, while still holding their title, no longer practice their function. Usually, this is done because of old age. Usually the "emeritus" is put after the official title of the person, as in "Professor emeritus".

paragraphs: In the time of the Roman Empire, it was used for soldiers, to say that they no longer needed to serve in the army. That way, a Bishop emeritus no longer needs to take part in the celebration of the mass, but he is still able to perform confirmations or to ordain priests.


title: Mumford & Sons

paragraphs: Mumford & Sons are an English folk rock band from London.

paragraphs: The band was formed in 2007 by band members Marcus Mumford, Ben Lovett, Winston Marshall and Ted Dwane. Lead vocalist Marcus Mumford organised the band and their performances and was one of the most visible members of the band because of this the band decided to use the name Mumford & Sons.

paragraphs: They released their debut studio album "Sigh No More" on 2 October 2009. They later released their second studio album "Babel" on 21 September 2012. "Babel" won a Grammy Award for "Album of the Year" at the 2013 Grammy Awards. They were also a part of the documentary "Big Easy Express" which won a Grammy Award for "Best Long Form Music Video".


title: Kings Island

paragraphs: Kings Island is the name of an amusememt park in Mason, Ohio. The park is owned and operated by the Cedar Fair company. It operates from late April to Labor Day. The park features 47 rides total and has 14 roller coasters including Vortex, The Bat, Mystic Timbers, Banshee, Diamondback, and other attractions. The park opened to the public on April 29, 1972. Great Wolf Lodge nearby, is next to the amusement park.

paragraphs: The newest ride at Kings Island is Kings Mills Antique Autos.


title: Symphony No. 94 "Surprise" (Haydn)

paragraphs: The Symphony No. 94 in G major ("Surprise") is a symphony by Joseph Haydn. It was first performed in London on 23 March 1792 under Haydn's direction. It is nicknamed the "Surprise Symphony". It is sometimes called the "Kettledrumstroke Symphony". The symphony's nickname is derived from the sudden loud chord played by the entire orchestra in the second movement. This movement is a set of variations on a sweet, gentle theme. The chord was Haydn's afterthought; it does not appear in the manuscript. One theory suggests Haydn inserted this loud chord saying, "That will make the ladies jump!". Another theory suggests he inserted it to wake up the music lovers who had dozed off after their dinners and drinks. Another theory suggests he inserted it to make the symphony memorable in light of the competition he faced from a series of London concerts directed by Ignatz Pleyel.