title: Bengali calendar

paragraphs: The Bengali Calendar ( "Bônggabdô" or "Bangla Sôn") also known as the Bangla Calendar, is the official and national calendar of Bangladesh. On the calendar, Pôhela Bôishakh is the New Year and it starts on 14 April or 15 April on the Western calendar if it is either before Pôhela Bôishakh, or 593 less if after Pôhela Bôishakh.

paragraphs: The Bengali calendar has 6 seasons and each of them make up two months. Starting at Pôhela Bôishakh, the seasons are Grishmô (গ্রীষ্ম) or Summer; Bôrsha (বর্ষা) or Rainy/Monsoon season; Shôrôt (শরৎ) or Autumn; Hemôntô (হেমন্ত) or the Dry season; Šhit (শীত) or Winter; and Bôsôntô (বসন্ত) or Spring.


title: Dark nebula

paragraphs: Dark nebulae are astronomical objects. They do not emit or reflect light. They are seen when they hide stars and galaxies behind them.

paragraphs: The astronomer Edward Emerson Barnard compiled a list of dark nebulae known as the "Barnard Catalogue of Dark Markings in the Sky", or the Barnard Catalogue for short. The nebulae listed by Barnard have become known as Barnard objects.


title: Coalsack nebula

paragraphs: The Coalsack dark nebula (or simply the Coalsack) is the most prominent dark nebula in the skies. It can easily be seen with the naked eye as a dark patch silhouetted against the southern Milky Way.

paragraphs: It was known pre-historically in the Southern Hemisphere and was observed by Vicente Yáñez Pinzón in 1499. The Coalsack is about 600 light years away from Earth, in the constellation Crux.


title: Matriarchy

paragraphs: Matriarchy is a social organization where the mother or oldest female heads a family or social group. Descent and relationships are decided through the female line.


title: Girl power

paragraphs: Girl power is a term used to say that girls are important. It became popular because of the Spice Girls' use of the term. It was also used by the band, Bikini Kill. The phrase is sometimes spelled ""grrrl power"". This is because of the Riot grrrl punk rock bands.

paragraphs: "Girl power" was also used by other bands in the early 1990s. One was a Welsh indie rock band Helen Love. Another was a south-east London punk rock band, Shampoo. They released an album and a single titled "Girl Power" in 1995.


title: Sex-positive feminism

paragraphs: Sex-positive feminism (or pro-sex feminism) is a movement. It began in the early 1980s. Many people in the movement think sexual freedom is an important part of women's freedom. Sex-positive feminism is often difficult to define.

paragraphs: Many authors, including Gayle Rubin, see the roots of sex-positive feminism in the work of sex workers and sex reformers.


title: Raasiku Parish

paragraphs: Raasiku is a rural municipality of the Estonian county of Harjumaa.

paragraphs: Härma, Igavere, Järsi, Kalesi, Kiviloo, Kulli, Kurgla, Mallavere, Peningi, Perila, Pikavere, Rätla, Tõhelgi.


title: Aruküla

paragraphs: Aruküla is a small borough in Raasiku Parish, Harju County in north Estonia.


title: Raasiku

paragraphs: Raasiku is a small borough in Raasiku Parish, Harju County in north Estonia.


title: Härma, Harju County

paragraphs: Härma is a village in Raasiku Parish, Harju County in north Estonia.


title: Igavere, Harju County

paragraphs: Igavere is a village in Raasiku Parish, Harju County in north Estonia.


title: Järsi, Harju County

paragraphs: Järsi is a village in Raasiku Parish, Harju County in north Estonia.


title: Kalesi

paragraphs: Kalesi is a village in Raasiku Parish, Harju County in north Estonia.


title: Kiviloo

paragraphs: Kiviloo is a village in Raasiku Parish, Harju County in north Estonia.


title: Kulli, Harju County

paragraphs: Kulli is a village in Raasiku Parish, Harju County in north Estonia.


title: Kurgla

paragraphs: Kurgla is a village in Raasiku Parish, Harju County in north Estonia.


title: Mallavere

paragraphs: Mallavere is a village in Raasiku Parish, Harju County in north Estonia.


title: Peningi

paragraphs: Peningi is a village in Raasiku Parish, Harju County in north Estonia.


title: Perila

paragraphs: Perila is a village in Raasiku Parish, Harju County in north Estonia.


title: Pikavere, Harju County

paragraphs: Pikavere is a village in Raasiku Parish, Harju County in north Estonia.


title: Rätla

paragraphs: Rätla is a village in Raasiku Parish, Harju County in north Estonia.


title: Tõhelgi

paragraphs: Tõhelgi is a village in Raasiku Parish, Harju County in north Estonia.


title: Chain pickerel

paragraphs: The Chain pickerel (scientific name "Esox niger"), has a number of nicknames such as the Grass pickerel, Jack, and Eastern pickerel. The Chain pickerel is a freshwater game fish and the smallest member of the Esox (pike) family. They are native to Atlantic and Gulf Coast tributaries. Chain pickerel have been introduced into the Lakes Ontario and Erie drainages as well as other places. They are found in shallow weedy pools of lakes, streams and tidal and non-tidal rivers. They are ambush feeders who will strike at anything that swims near them. They feed mainly during daylight hours.

paragraphs: Chain pickerel has the same torpedo-like shape of the Muskellunge and Northern pike. They have different markings than either of their family members. They have a chain-like pattern of dark markings on a yellowish to greenish body. This pattern is what they were named for. Like other pike they have a forked tail fin and a long pointed head. Chain pickerel have a dark bar underneath each eye. The eye color is yellow or yellowish. They can live up to 10 years.

paragraphs: In waters not shared with Northern pike or Muskies, Chain pickerel can be abundant. They prefer shallow weedy pools and submerged trees, limbs or man-made structures. These can be dock pilings, or riprap. Pickerel ambush their prey. They eat other fish, frogs, crayfish and small mammals. Young pickerel eat aquatic insects and small Crustacea. During the winter months the adult fish move to deeper water.

paragraphs: Spawning begins when water temperatures approach 50°F. Unlike others in the pike family, Chain pickerel eggs are sticky and ribbons of eggs stick to underwater weeds. Females lay up to 50,000 eggs. Unlike other fish, Chain pickerel do not remain to guard their young fry.

paragraphs: Chain pickerel are not as popular as other game fish. A good number are caught by accident while fishing for other fish. But they are popular with ice fishermen in the winter. Chain pickerel are a very good fighting fish. Anyone hooking one is in for an exciting fight. They will attack a live minnow or any lure that resembles one. In Canada, Walleyes are called 'pickerel' which sometimes confuses identification. But a walleye and a pike are very different in appearance.

paragraphs: The world record for a chain pickerel is 9 pounds 6 ounces. It was caught in Georgia in 1961. Chain pickerel rarely grow longer than 36 inches.


title: Lego Star Wars: The Yoda Chronicles

paragraphs: Lego Star Wars: The Yoda Chronicles is a American LEGO animated web and television special film series produced by Lucasfilm Limited, WILFILM and Lego company. The series had two seasons as the first season aired in Cartoon Network and the second season aired in Disney XD. The second season was called Lego Star Wars: The New Yoda Chronicles so Cartoon Network could not claim it as their property.

paragraphs: LEGO Star Wars returns in epic style with THE YODA CHRONICLES, a thrilling, funny and action-packed new LEGO Star Wars story told in three animated TV specials! Set in the “Prequel” Star Wars timeline, THE YODA CHRONICLES stars the one and only Yoda—the Jedi Master who has seen it all, done it all, and taught generations of Jedi Knights—in an all-new adventure. With the help of a fresh class of Padawans, Yoda leads the Jedi in a desperate fight to stop Darth Sidious and his minions from creating a new super-weapon that could crush the Republic and win the war for the forces of Evil.

paragraphs: Lucasfilm Ltd. allowed the LEGO group free rein with developing the storyline. The team worked to make sure everything looked consistent if it would have been made with LEGO bricks, as well as adding humor to the story. The story of season one was set during the Clone Wars and season two was set during the Galactic Empire of from "Star Wars A New Hope" to "Star Wars Empire Strikes Back".

paragraphs: The episodes respectively aired on May 29, 2013, September 4, 2013 and November 27, 2013 on Cartoon Network in the U.S. The first of the 3-part animated series aired on Cartoon Network in India on December 1, 2013 at 4:30 pm and the rest aired on December 8, 2013 and December 15, 2013 at the same time.

paragraphs: On May 3, 2014, Disney released the latest episode on Disney Channel and Disney XD. Since Cartoon Network owned the broadcast rights to "Lego Star Wars: The Yoda Chronicles", the name of the series was altered so it could not claim it as their property. The altered title for season two drops "Lego" and adds "New" to the title - "Star Wars: The New Yoda Chronicles". "Escape from the Jedi Temple" has the Younglings' last appearance.

paragraphs: The first three episodes aired in May 2013 on Cartoon Network. The second season had aired a year later in 2014 but as Disney purchased Lucasfilm the second season came on Disney XD.

paragraphs: Lucasfilm Ltd. released the two first movies "The Phantom Clone" and "Menace of the Sith" on DVD with bonus of several mini movies.

paragraphs: The Mini Movies were released on Lego.com.


title: Jimmy C. Newman

paragraphs: Jimmy Yves Newman (August 29, 1927 – June 21, 2014), better known as Jimmy C. Newman (the C stands for Cajun), was an American singer and a long time star of the Grand Ole Opry. He was known for his songs "Cry Cry Darling" and "A Fallen Star".

paragraphs: Newman died of cancer in Nashville on June 21, 2014, aged 86.


title: Walter Kieber

paragraphs: Walter Kieber (20 February 1931 – 21 June 2014) was a Liechtenstein politician. He was born in Feldkirch, Austria.

paragraphs: Kieber was the Prime Minister of Liechtenstein from 1974 to 1978. He was a member of the Progressive Citizens' Party.

paragraphs: He died on 21 June 2014 from prostate cancer in Vaduz, Liechtenstein, aged 83.


title: Markus Büchel

paragraphs: Markus Büchel (14 May 1959 – 9 July 2013) was a Liechtenstein politician.

paragraphs: He was in office from May to December 1993. He won the elections in 1993 as a candidate for the conservative FBP (Fortschrittliche Bürgerpartei) (Progressive Citizens' Party).

paragraphs: In 2002, he became Honorary Consul of Russia in Liechtenstein.

paragraphs: He died in 2013, aged 54 from a heart attack. He was survived by his wife, Elena and son David.


title: Adrian Hasler

paragraphs: Adrian Hasler (born February 11, 1964) is a Liechtenstein politician. He was elected Prime Minister of Liechtenstein in 2013. He became the Prime Minister of Liechtenstein on March 27, 2013.


title: Slugterra: Ghoul From Beyond

paragraphs: Slugterra: Ghoul From Beyond is a 2014 Canadian animated television movie, by the Canadian animation studio Nerd Corps Entertainment Inc. and Disney XD Canada. The movie is based on "Slugterra". It was released on March 30, 2014 on Disney XD in Canada, In June 10 2014 the movie made available only in United States on DVD by Shout! Factory as it was permiered in August 2014 in United States on Television on Disney XD.

paragraphs: There is a new threat in the 99 caverns of Slugterra. Eli and his friends come to the rescue. But they find something they have never seen before; a new kind of ghoul.

paragraphs: The movie had originally first premiered on Disney XD in Canada and then internationally Disney XD Worldwide.

paragraphs: On June 10, 2014, the movie became purchasable on DVD on Amazon the DVD comes including a short one minute episode called "Burpy and Friends take a Dive".

paragraphs: The movie received an okay review that it is okay for the family.


title: Prime Minister of Liechtenstein

paragraphs: The office of Prime Minister of Liechtenstein is the highest and head of the government of Liechtenstein. They are elected every four years. The first Prime Minister of Liechtenstein was Josef Ospelt. The current Prime Minister is Adrian Hasler.


title: Samina (river)

paragraphs: The Samina also: "Saminabach" is a rapid river located in Liechtenstein and formed the Samina Valley in the course of time. It has a length of 17 km (Liechtenstein: 12 km, Austria: 5 km) and is the 2nd longest river of the principality. In the community area of Frastranz the river merges with the Ill.


title: Eschen

paragraphs: Eschen is a municipality in the north of Liechtenstein. As of 2005 it has a population of 4,150, and covers an area of . It is the fourth largest city in Liechtenstein.


title: Gamprin

paragraphs: Gamprin is a city in Liechtenstein. It has a population of 1,524 people as of 2008.


title: Balzers

paragraphs: Balzers is a village and community in southern Liechtenstein. As of the 2005 census, it has a total population of 4,420. The main part of the village is along the east bank of the Rhine River.


title: Mauren

paragraphs: Mauren is a city of Liechtenstein. It has a population of 3,700 as of 2008.

paragraphs: It was first called "Muron" in 1178. It has a memorial to the Liechtenstein educator and historian Peter Kaiser (1793 – 1864).


title: Planken

paragraphs: Planken is a village in Liechtenstein. It has a population of 366 residents. It is the smallest and least populated village or area in the country.


title: Ruggell

paragraphs: Ruggell is a village in Liechtenstein. As of 2008, the population was 1,932 residents. The geography of the village is mostly mountainous. It is near the international borders of Switzerland and Austria.


title: Schaan

paragraphs: Schaan () is the largest city of Liechtenstein by population and area. It is located to the north of Vaduz, the capital, in the central part of the country. As of 2005 it has a population of 5,806. This makes it the largest district in Liechtenstein, and covers an area of 26.8 km², including mountains and forest.


title: Schellenberg

paragraphs: Schellenberg is a city in the lowland area of Liechtenstein. It is on the banks of the Rhine River. As of 2005, it has a population of 952. It covers an area of 3.5 km2 (1.4 sq mi).


title: Triesen

paragraphs: Triesen is the third largest of Liechtenstein's cities. It has several historic churches dating from the fifteenth century. It also has a weaving mill from 1863 that is thought to be a historical monument. The population is around 4,950.


title: Triesenberg

paragraphs: Triesenberg is a city in Liechtenstein. It has a population of 2,564. Its area of 30 square kilometers makes it the one of the largest cities in Liechtenstein.


paragraphs: Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein ("Franz Josef Maria Aloys Alfred Karl Johannes Heinrich Michael Georg Ignaz Benediktus Gerhardus Majella"; 16 August 1906 – 13 November 1989) was the Prince of Liechtenstein from 1938 until his death.

paragraphs: Franz Joseph was the son of Prince Aloys of Liechtenstein and Archduchess Elisabeth Amalie of Austria. He succeeded his great-uncle, Prince Franz I, after his father renounced his right of succession in his favour in 1921.

paragraphs: Franz Joseph was an extremely popular in Liechtenstein. He was the first ruling prince to live full-time in the principality. He also oversaw the economic development of Liechtenstein from a poor agricultural backwater into one of the richest countries (per capita) in the world.


title: Franz I of Liechtenstein

paragraphs: Franz I, Prince of Liechtenstein, born "Franz de Paula Maria Karl August" (28 August 1853 – 25 July 1938), was the Prince of Liechtenstein between 1929 and 1938.

paragraphs: He was the son of Aloys II of Liechtenstein and his wife Countess Franziska Kinsky. Franz succeeded his older brother Johann II, as Prince of Liechtenstein on August 11, 1929.

paragraphs: Franz I died on 25 July 1938, and was formally succeeded by his grandnephew, Franz Joseph II.


title: Liechtenstein national ice hockey team

paragraphs: The Liechtenstein national ice hockey team is the national ice hockey team of Liechtenstein. It is a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation.


title: Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein

paragraphs: Hans-Adam II (Johannes (Hans) Adam Ferdinand Alois Josef Maria Marko d'Aviano Pius Fürst von und zu Liechtenstein; born 14 February 1945), is the reigning Prince ("Fürst") of Liechtenstein. He is the son of Franz Joseph II, Prince ("Fürst") of Liechtenstein (1906–1989) and his wife Countess Georgina von Wilczek (1921–1989).

paragraphs: The official title of the Prince is "Fürst von und zu Liechtenstein, Herzog von Troppau und Jägerndorf, Graf zu Rietberg, Regierer des Hauses von und zu Liechtenstein." ("Prince of and at Liechtenstein, Duke of Troppau and Jägerndorf, Count at Rietberg, Sovereign of the House of and at Liechtenstein"). There is a distinction between the German titles of a reigning "Fürst" and non-reigning descendants of a "Fürst" who are titled "Prinz".


title: Alois, Hereditary Prince of Liechtenstein

paragraphs: Alois Philipp Maria, Hereditary Prince of Liechtenstein, Count Rietberg (born 11 June 1968), is the eldest son of Hans Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein, and Countess Marie Aglaë Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau. Alois has been regent of Liechtenstein ("") since 15 August 2004. He is married to Duchess Sophie of Bavaria.


title: Peter Kaiser

paragraphs: Peter Kaiser (October 1, 1793 - February 23, 1864) was a Liechtenstein historian and politician. He was known for being a great educator and for helping educate the poor of Liechtenstein. He statue of him is in Mauren. He was born in Mauren.

paragraphs: Kaiser died in Chur, Switzerland, aged 70.


title: Flag of Liechtenstein

paragraphs: The flag of Liechtenstein () shows two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a gold crown on the left side of the blue band. The colors are likely to have been added to represent the Principality's royal household in the eighteenth century.


title: Mamou, Louisiana

paragraphs: Mamou is a town in Evangeline Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 3,566 at the 2000 census.


title: Stanford, California

paragraphs: Stanford is a census-designated place (CDP) in Santa Clara County, California, United States and is the home of Stanford University. The population was 13,809 at the 2010 census, with a daily population of 35,000.


title: Portsmouth, New Hampshire

paragraphs: Portsmouth is a city in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, in the United States. It is the only city in the county, but only the fourth-largest community. It has a population of 21,233 at the 2010 census.


title: Alan Moller

paragraphs: Alan Roger Moller (February 1, 1950 – June 19, 2014) was an American meteorologist, storm chaser, nature and landscape photographer. He was known for advancing spotter training and bridging operational meteorology (particularly severe storms forecasting) with research.

paragraphs: Moller died in Fort Worth, Texas from Alzheimer's disease, aged 64.


title: Elsie Quarterman

paragraphs: Elsie Quarterman (November 28, 1910 – June 9, 2014) was an American plant ecologist. She was a Professor Emerita at Vanderbilt University. She is known for her work on the ecology of Tennessee cedar glades.

paragraphs: Quarterman was born on November 28, 1910 in Valdosta, Georgia. She earned a B.A. from Georgia State Women's College (now Valdosta State University) in 1932 and earned an M.A. in botany from Duke University in 1943.

paragraphs: She died on June 9, 2014, at the age of 103.


title: Valdosta, Georgia

paragraphs: Valdosta is the county seat of Lowndes County, Georgia, United States. As of the 2010 Census, Valdosta has a total population of 54,518, and is the 14th largest city in Georgia.


title: Joan Plowright

paragraphs: Dame Joan Ann Plowright, Baroness Olivier (born 28 October 1929), is an English actress. Her career has spanned over sixty years. She has won two Golden Globe Awards and a Tony Award and has been nominated for an Academy Award, an Emmy and two BAFTA Awards. She was married to the actor Laurence Olivier from 1961 until his death in 1989.


title: Curious George (movie)

paragraphs: Curious George is a 2006 American animated adventure movie based on the book "Curious George". It is directed by Matthew O'Callaghan. It stars Will Ferrell, Drew Barrymore, Dick Van Dyke, David Cross, Eugene Levy, Joan Plowright, Michael Sorich, Michael Chinyamurindi, Clint Howard, Ed O'Ross, and Frank Welker. It was released on February 10, 2006.


title: Curious George

paragraphs: Curious George is the main character of a series of popular children's books by the same name. It was written by Hans Augusto Rey and Margret Rey. The books feature a curious brown monkey named George, who is brought from his home in Africa by "The Man with The Yellow Hat" to live with him in a big city.


title: H. A. Rey

paragraphs: Hans Augusto Rey (September 16, 1898 – August 26, 1977) was an illustrator and a writer. He was best known for the "Curious George" series of children's picture books that he and his wife Margret Rey created from 1939 to 1966.


title: Margret Rey

paragraphs: Margret Elizabeth Rey (May 16, 1906 – December 21, 1996) was a German-American writer and illustrator of Jewish descent.

paragraphs: She was known best for the "Curious George" series of children's picture books that she and her husband H. A. Rey created from 1939 to 1966. She met her husband Hans Augusto Rey in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil while attempting to escape Nazism.


title: Curious George (book)

paragraphs: Curious George is a children's book written and illustrated by Margret Rey and H. A. Rey, and published by Houghton Mifflin in 1941. It is the first book in the Curious George series and tells the story of a monkey called George and his adventures with the Man with the Yellow Hat.


title: Ed O'Ross

paragraphs: Ed O'Ross (born July 4, 1946) is an American actor. He is best known for playing Itchy in "Dick Tracy", ruthless Georgian mobster Viktor Rostavili in "Red Heat", and tough-then-alien-possessed police detective Cliff Willis in "The Hidden".

paragraphs: O'Ross was born Edward Oross in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,


title: Michael Kelly

paragraphs: Michael Joseph Kelly (born May 22, 1969) is an American actor.

paragraphs: He is best known for his roles in movies such as "Changeling", "Dawn Of The Dead", "Law Abiding Citizen", "The Adjustment Bureau", and "Chronicle", "Now You See Me". He also appeared in the television miniseries "Generation Kill" and the "Criminal Minds" spin-off series "".

paragraphs: He currently plays Doug Stamper in the American adaptation of "House of Cards".


title: Carla Gugino

paragraphs: Carla Gugino (born August 29, 1971) is an American actress. She is known for her roles in "Spy Kids", "Sin City", "Watchmen", "Son in Law", and in "Night at the Museum".


title: American Gigolo

paragraphs: American Gigolo is a 1980 American crime drama movie. It is about a male escort in Los Angeles whose job pays for expensive cars, cocaine and clothing. Richard Gere plays Julian. Lauren Hutton plays Michelle.

paragraphs: This movie was released on February 8, 1980.


title: Lena Olin

paragraphs: Lena Olin (born 22 March 1955) is a Swedish actress. She played Josephine in "Chocolat". She also played Ruby in "Hollywood Homicide".


title: The Unbearable Lightness of Being

paragraphs: The Unbearable Lightness of Being is a 1988 American erotic romantic drama movie. It is based on the novel of the same name. The movie is set in 1968 in Prague and Switzerland. Daniel Day-Lewis plays brain surgeon Tomas. Lena Olin plays Sabina. Juliette Binoche plays Tereza.

paragraphs: This movie was released in February 1988.


title: La Grande, Oregon

paragraphs: La Grande is a city in Union County, Oregon. It was originally named "Brownsville," it was forced to change its name due to that name already being used for a city in Linn County. The population was 13,082 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Union County.


title: Maps to the Stars

paragraphs: Maps to the Stars is a 2014 satirical and drama movie. This movie is about two former child stars and about the relationship of the entertainment industry with western civilization as a whole. Havana is played by Julianne Moore. Dr. Stafford is played by John Cusack.

paragraphs: The movie received mostly positive reviews from critics, and performances from the cast were praised. It was released in May 2014.


title: Pendleton, Oregon

paragraphs: Pendleton is a city in Umatilla County, Oregon. The population was 16,612 at the 2010 census. The city is the county seat of Umatilla County.


title: Leo Sharp

paragraphs: Leonard Sharp (May 7, 1924 – December 12, 2016) was an American World War II veteran and notorious drug courier, or "mule". He transported drugs, mostly cocaine, across the United States, mostly to and from the southern US border and Detroit, Michigan. He allegedly transported more than 1,000 pounds of cocaine during his years of dealing.

paragraphs: He widely considered by the Sinola cartel and DEA authorities as an urban legend in Detroit until his arrest in 2013. He pleaded not guilty in October 2013 and was was sentenced to three years in prison in May 2014. Sharp was the oldest drug mule in the World. He was released from prison in 2015 due to poor health.

paragraphs: Sharp was born in Michigan City, Indiana. He was raised in Detroit, Michigan. He fought in World War II and received a Bronze Star Medal for his service.

paragraphs: Sharp had dementia. He died of the natural causes related to the disease on December 12, 2016 in Michigan at the age of 92.

paragraphs: The 2018 movie "The Mule" is based on Sharp's life, with Clint Eastwood playing "Earl Stone" (based on Sharp).


title: Peter Cullen

paragraphs: Peter Claver Cullen (born July 28, 1941) is a Canadian voice actor. He is known for making the voice of Optimus Prime in the "Transformers" television series and in the four movies of the Transformers movie series. He is also known for making the voice of Eeyore in "Winnie the Pooh".


title: Alice Pung

paragraphs: Alice Pung (born 1981) is an Australian writer, editor, lawyer and educator. She is best known for writing the memoir "Unpolished Gem" and editing the anthology "Growing Up Asian in Australia".

paragraphs: Pung was born in Footscray, Victoria and raised in Braybrook. Her parents were immigrants living in Cambodia. They fled to Australia during Pol Pot's Khmer Rouge regime in 1980. She was born one month after the event. She is the oldest of four siblings.


title: Tidal locking

paragraphs: Tidal locking (or captured rotation) is when one side of an astronomical body always faces another. It is also called synchronous rotation. The classic example is the Moon: the same side of the Moon always faces the Earth.

paragraphs: A tidally locked body takes just as long to rotate around its own axis as it does to revolve around its partner. This makes one hemisphere constantly face the partner body. Usually, at any given time only the satellite is tidally locked around the larger body. If the two bodies are similar in mass, and their distance apart is small, the tidal force will lock "each" to the other. This is the case between Pluto and Charon.

paragraphs: If the Moon were not spinning at all, it would alternately show its near and far sides to Earth, while moving around Earth in orbit.

paragraphs: It is possible to work out how long it takes for a particular case of tidal locking to occur. It is just a rough estimate, because some factors are poorly known. An example is the rigidity of a planetary body and its change in shape under tidal force. Tidal locking is an aspect of orbital resonance.

paragraphs: Libration is an oscillating motion of orbiting bodies relative to each other. Examples include the motion of the Moon relative to Earth, or of Trojan asteroids relative to planets.

paragraphs: The Moon generally has one hemisphere facing the Earth, due to tidal locking. Therefore, our first view of the far side of the Moon resulted from lunar exploration in the 1960s.

paragraphs: However, this simple picture is only approximately true: over time, slightly "more" than half (about 59%) of the Moon's surface is seen from Earth due to libration.

paragraphs: Libration is a slow rocking back and forth of the Moon as viewed from Earth, permitting an observer to see slightly different halves of the surface at different times.


title: Horsehead nebula

paragraphs: The Horsehead nebula (also known as Barnard 33) is a dark nebula in the constellation Orion.

paragraphs: The nebula is part of the much larger Orion complex. The nebula is located just to the south of the star Alnitak. Alniak is the farthest east on Orion's Belt. It is part of the much larger Orion Molecular Cloud Complex.

paragraphs: The nebula was first recorded in 1888 by Scottish astronomer Williamina Fleming. It was recorded on photographic plate B2312 taken at the Harvard College Observatory. The Horsehead Nebula is about 1500 light years from Earth. It is one of the most known nebulae because of its shape when seen from Earth.

paragraphs: The dark cloud of dust and gas is a region in the Orion nebula where star formation is taking place. The nebula contains over 100 known organic and inorganic gases. It also consists of large and complex organic molecules.

paragraphs: The red or pinkish glow comes from hydrogen gas behind the nebula. Magnetic fields channel the gases leaving the nebula into streams that show as streaks in the background glow. A glowing strip of hydrogen gas marks the edge of the massive cloud. Thee densities of stars are different on either side.

paragraphs: The darkness of the Horsehead is caused by thick dust blocking the light of stars behind it. The lower part of the Horsehead's neck casts a shadow to the left. Bright spots in the Horsehead Nebula's base are young stars just in the process of forming.


title: Louise Élisabeth de Bourbon

paragraphs: Louise Élisabeth de Bourbon (Louise Élisabeth; 22 November 1693–27 May 1775) was a daughter of Louis de Bourbon, Prince of Condé, and his wife, Louise Françoise de Bourbon, herself an illegitimate daughter of Louis XIV of France and Madame de Montespan.

paragraphs: She was the wife of Louis Armand de Bourbon. She was the Princess of Conti by marriage. It was Louise Élisabeth who presented Madame de Pompadour to the court of Louis XV; she also built the Hôtel de Brienne, present seat of the French Ministry of Defence. Louise Élisabeth was the Duchess of Étampes in her own right, having succeeded to the title at the death of her aunt Marie Anne de Bourbon.

paragraphs: Louise Élisabeth was born on 22 November 1693, at the Palace of Versailles. She was a "princesse du sang". In youth, she was known at court as "Mademoiselle de Charolais", a style later borne by her younger sister. Her parents' second daughter, and third child, she was one of nine children:

paragraphs: She was baptised in the chapel of Versailles on 24 November 1698 with her brother Louis Henri and her sister Louise Anne.

paragraphs: The first years of her marriage were full of court cases at the "Parlement de Paris" against her husband due to his violent temper and her desire to leave him.


title: Lufkin, Texas

paragraphs: According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and , or 0.83%, is water.

paragraphs: Lufkin is at the crossroads of East Texas at the intersections of Highways US 59, future Interstate 69, which leads to Houston and the Rio Grande Valley to the south and Nacogdoches and Texarkana to the north, and US 69, which leads from the Golden Triangle of southeast Texas (Port Arthur and Beaumont) to points such as Jacksonville, Tyler, Dallas, and Oklahoma to the north.

paragraphs: Regional cities and their distance from Ruston, Louisiana include:


title: Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin

paragraphs: Cecilia Helena Payne-Gaposchkin (May 10, 1900 – December 7, 1979) was a British-American astronomer and astrophysicist.

paragraphs: Payne was born in Wendover, England. In 1919, she won a scholarship to Newnham College, Cambridge University. She studied botany, physics, and chemistry. She was not given a degree because women were not given degrees by Cambridge until 1948. In 1923 she moved to the United States. She became an American citizen in 1931.

paragraphs: In 1933, she met Russian-born astrophysicist Sergei I. Gaposchkin in Germany. She married him in 1934.


title: Samira Wiley

paragraphs: Samira Denise Wiley is an American actress. She is an African American who was born in Washington, D.C.. She studied drama at the Juilliard School in New York. She plays Poussey Washington in the Netflix series "Orange Is the New Black". In between seasons of Orange Is the New Black, Wiley filmed "Rob the Mob".


title: Carter G. Woodson

paragraphs: Carter Godwin Woodson (December 19, 1875 – April 3, 1950) was an African-American historian. Woodson was one of the first scholars to study African-American history. He started the "Journal of Negro History".

paragraphs: Woodson was born to James and Eliza Riddle Woodson in Buckingham County, Virginia. He was a famous African-American historian, journalist, author, and founder of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History.


title: Rodney Alcala

paragraphs: Rodney James Alcala (born Rodrigo Jacques Alcala Buquor; August 23, 1943) is an American rapist and serial killer.

paragraphs: When he was 17, Alcala joined the army. In 1964, he was discharged and was diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder. In 1968, he gained a bachelor's degree from UCLA. He committed five murders in California from 1977 to 1979. He was sentenced to death in 2010. He was given an extra sentence of 25 years to life after he pled guilty to two homicides in New York which took place in 1971 and 1977.

paragraphs: Alcala is sometimes called the ""Dating Game" Killer". During the middle of his murder spree, he appeared on the show in 1978 and won.


title: WrestleMania XII

paragraphs: WrestleMania XII was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event made by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It was held on March 31, 1996 at the Arrowhead Pond in Anaheim, California. It was the twelfth WrestleMania event held by the WWF.


title: WrestleMania XI

paragraphs: WrestleMania XI was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event made by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It was held on April 2, 1995 at the Hartford Civic Center in Hartford, Connecticut. It was the eleventh WrestleMania event held by the WWF. WrestleMania XI was met with mixed reviews and has been called both the worst WrestleMania of all time and the event that saved the WWF.


title: Małgorzata Braunek

paragraphs: Małgorzata Braunek (30 January 1947 – 23 June 2014) was a Polish actress of movies and stage. She won a Best Supporting Actress Award at the Polish Film Awards for her role in "Tulipany" (2004). She also had roles in movies such as "The Third Part of the Night" (1971), "The Devil" (1972) and "The Deluge" (1974).

paragraphs: Braunek was born in Szamotuły. She graduated from the Ludwik Solski Academy for the Dramatic Arts, Warsaw in 1969. She was married to movie director Andrzej Żuławski. They had a son actor and movie producer, Xawery Żuławski (1971). She was a follower and teacher of Zen Buddhism.

paragraphs: Braunek died from cancer on 23 June 2014, aged 67. She died in either Warsaw or Frankfurt, Germany.


title: Peter Greste

paragraphs: Peter Greste (born ) is a Latvian-Australian journalist. He is best known for his work as a foreign correspondent. From 1991 to 1995, he was based in the United Kingdom, Bosnia and South Africa. During this time, he worked for Reuters, CNN, WTN and the BBC. He eventually worked for Al Jazeera. In May 2012, he won a Peabody Award for his work on the documentary "Somalia: Land of Anarchy".

paragraphs: Greste was born in Sydney, New South Wales. Greste's ethnicity is Latvian. He is a dual citizen of Australia and Latvia.

paragraphs: On 29 December 2013, he and other Al Jazeera journalists were arrested in Cairo, Egypt by authorities on terrorism charges relating to the Muslim Brotherhood. On 23 June 2014, Greste was found guilty by the court, and sentenced to seven years jail. United States Secretary of State John Kerry and Australian officials were quick to show support for the jailed journalists.

paragraphs: On 2 February 2015, Greste was released from prison and made to leave Egypt. This was ordered by the President of Egypt, Abdel Fattah al-Sisi, because of a new law which lets the government deport foreign prisoners.


title: Orion complex

paragraphs: The Orion complex (sometimes called the Orion molecular cloud complex) is a huge star-forming area in the constellation of Orion.

paragraphs: It is a large group of bright nebulae, dark clouds, and young star clusters. The cloud is between 1,500 and 1,600 light-years away and is hundreds of light-years across. Several parts of the nebula can be seen through binoculars and small telescopes. Some parts (such as the Orion nebula) are visible to the naked eye.

paragraphs: The nebula is important because of its sheer size. It is also one of the most active regions of stellar formation that can be seen in the night sky. In it are protoplanetary discs and many very young stars. The nebula is very bright in the infrared wavelengths due to the heat-intensive processes involved in star formation. The complex contains dark nebulae, emission nebulae, reflection nebulae, and HII regions.

paragraphs: The following is a list of notable nebulae in the larger nebula complex:

paragraphs: Also the Orion OB1 Association is part of this complex. This is a group of several dozen hot giant stars of spectral types O and B.


title: Menemen

paragraphs: Menemen is a district of İzmir Province in Turkey. It is also the name of a town in that district.


title: Sara Widén

paragraphs: Sara Kristina Widén (9 May 1981 – 13 June 2014) was a Swedish opera singer (soprano). From 2013 until her death, she was starring in productions by the Royal Swedish Opera.

paragraphs: Widén was born in Halmstad, Halland County. Her younger brother Jacob Widén (born 1983) is a member of the punk rock band Neverstore.

paragraphs: Widén died from cancer on 13 June 2014 in Stockholm, aged 33.


title: Hannover Hauptbahnhof

paragraphs: Hannover Hauptbahnhof (German for "Hanover main station") is the main railway station of the German city of Hanover, Lower Saxony. It is the most important transportation service in the city. Each day, 250,000 people use the station.

paragraphs: It is served by local, regional and long-distance trains. It has 12 tracks on 6 platforms.

paragraphs: Hanover Central railway station was opened in 1843, and the new building in 1879.

paragraphs: The statue in front of the main building is showing Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover, riding a horse.


title: Auferstanden aus Ruinen

paragraphs: Auferstanden aus Ruinen ( [ˈaʊfɐˌʃtandən aʊs ʁuʔˈi:nən] ; German for "Risen from Ruins") was the national anthem of East Germany before the reunification with West Germany into Germany in 1990.

paragraphs: In 1949, the Soviet occupation zone of Allied Occupied Germany became a country that was called East Germany. For the anthem, the poet Johannes R. Becher wrote the lyrics. The German composer Hanns Eisler composer the melody.


title: Mario Götze

paragraphs: Mario Götze (born 3 June 1992 in Memmingen) is a German footballer that plays as a midfielder that plays for Borussia Dortmund and the Germany national football team. He was part of Germany's 2014 FIFA World Cup squad. He is considered one of Germany's best talents. He scored the winning goal of the 2014 FIFA World Cup final against Argentina.


title: Ron-Robert Zieler

paragraphs: Ron-Robert Zieler (born 12 February 1989 in Cologne) is a German association football goalkeeper that plays for VfB Stuttgart and the Germany national football team. He was part of Germany's 2014 FIFA World Cup squad.


title: André Schürrle

paragraphs: André Schürrle (born in Ludwigshafen, Germany on 6 November 1990) is a German association football forward that plays for Chelsea and the Germany national football team. He was part of Germany's 2014 FIFA World Cup squad. He began his career at 1. FSV Mainz 05, then went to Bayer 04 Leverkusen. His performances at that club got Chelsea interested in him, and in 2013 he was sold to Chelsea for £18 million.


title: Erik Durm

paragraphs: Erik Durm (born 12 May 1992 in Pirmasens) is a German association football defender (football) that plays for Borussia Dortmund and the Germany national football team. He was part of Germany's 2014 FIFA World Cup squad. He made his first appearance for Germany in their draw against Cameroon on 1 June 2014.


title: Christoph Kramer

paragraphs: Christoph Kramer (born in Solingen, Germany on 19 February 1991) is a German football defender (football) who plays for Borussia Mönchengladbach and the Germany national football team. He was part of Germany's 2014 FIFA World Cup squad. He made his first appearance for Germany in their draw against Poland on 13 May 2014.


title: Sagittarius A

paragraphs: Sagittarius A (or Sgr A) is a complex radio source at the galactic centre of the Milky Way. It is in the Sagittarius constellation, but hidden from view by large clouds of cosmic dust in the spiral arms of the Milky Way.

paragraphs: It consists of three components: the remains of a supernova Sagittarius A East, the spiral structure Sagittarius A West, and a very bright compact radio source at the center of the spiral, Sagittarius A*. These three overlap: Sagittarius A East is the largest, West appears off-center within East, and A* is at the centre of West.

paragraphs: This feature is about 25 light-years wide. It looks like a remnant from a supernova explosion that happened between 35,000 and 100,000 years ago. However, it would take 50 to 100 times more energy than a standard supernova explosion to create a structure of this size and energy. Sgr A East might be the remains of a star that exploded as it was gravitationally squashed approaching the central black hole.

paragraphs: Sgr A West looks like a three-arm spiral from the point of view of the Earth. Actually it is made of several dust and gas clouds, which orbit and fall onto Sagittarius A* at velocities as high as 1,000 kilometers per second. The surface layer of these clouds is ionized. The source of ionisation is the population of massive stars that also occupy the central parsec of the galaxy. Over hundred such OB stars have been identified so far.

paragraphs: There is a supermassive black hole at the centre of the galaxy. Sagittarius A* (abbreviated Sgr A*) is the most likely candidate for the position of this central black hole. The Very Large Telescope and Keck Telescope detected stars orbiting Sgr A* at speeds greater than any other stars in the galaxy. One star, S2, orbits Sgr A* at speeds of over 5,000 kilometers per second at its closest approach.

paragraphs: A gas cloud is expected to collide with the black hole in 2014 and provide additional information.


title: Rafael Caldera

paragraphs: Rafael Antonio Caldera Rodríguez (; 24 January 1916 – 24 December 2009), twice elected President of Venezuela, served for two five-year terms (1969-1974 and 1994-1999), becoming the longest serving democratically elected leader to govern the country in the twentieth century.

paragraphs: Widely acknowledged as one of the founders of Venezuela’s democratic system, the main architect of the 1961 Constitution, and a pioneer of the Christian Democratic movement in Latin America, Caldera helped forge an unprecedented period of civilian democratic rule in a country beleaguered by a history of political violence and military caudillos.

paragraphs: His leadership established Venezuela’s reputation as one of the more stable democracies in Latin America during the second half of the twentieth century.

paragraphs: After graduating with a degree in law and political science from Central University of Venezuela in 1939, Caldera embarked on a 70-year long career that combined political, intellectual and academic activities.


title: Alexander Stubb

paragraphs: Cai-Göran Alexander Stubb (born 1 April 1968 in Helsinki) is a Finnish politician. He became Prime Minister of Finland on 24 June 2014. He became the Leader of the National Coalition Party on 14 June 2014.


title: Shashi Kapoor

paragraphs: Shashi Kapoor (Balbir Raj Prithviraj Kapoor; 18 March 1938 in Calcutta – 4 December 2017 in Mumbai) was an Indian movie actor and movie producer. He was known for his roles in "Junoon", "Kabhie Kabhie", "Deewaar", "Siddhartha", and in "Ajooba".

paragraphs: Kapoor died in a hospital in Mumbai of cirrhosis on 4 December 2017 at the age of 79.


title: Gotham, Wisconsin

paragraphs: Gotham (also Richland City) is an unincorporated census-designated place, in the town of Buena Vista, in Richland County, Wisconsin, United States. It is located about an hour west of Madison, Wisconsin. As of the 2010 census, its population was 191.


title: Samuel Insull

paragraphs: Samuel Insull (November 11, 1859 – July 16, 1938) was a British-born American business magnate whose vast Midwest holding company empire collapsed in the 1930s. He was an innovator and investor based in Chicago. Insull was known for buying utilities and railroads using holding companies.


title: Mickey Cohen

paragraphs: Meyer Harris "Mickey" Cohen (September 4, 1913 – July 29, 1976) was an American gangster who worked in Los Angeles. He was part of the Jewish Mafia, and also had strong ties to the American Mafia from the 1930s through 1960s.


title: IPhone 5C

paragraphs: The iPhone 5C (sold with a lowercase 'c' as iPhone 5c) is a touchscreen-based smartphone that is made by Apple Inc. It comes after the iPhone 5, and was released along with the iPhone 5S. Apple introduced the iPhone 5C and the iPhone 5S at an event on September 10, 2013. They were both released on September 20, 2013. After the announcement of the iPhone 5C and 5S, the iPhone 5 was discontinued.

paragraphs: The iPhone 5C first came with iOS 7, the latest version of Apple's iOS mobile operating system at the time. On June 2, 2014, it was announced that the iPhone 5C would get iOS 8 this fall. iOS 8 was released on September 17, 2014.

paragraphs: The iPhone 5C has almost the same hardware as the iPhone 5. A few differences are that it has a slightly bigger battery and it also comes in five different colors (blue, green, pink, yellow, and white). It also uses a plastic shell on the outside instead of a metal casing that is used on the iPhone 5 and 5S.

paragraphs: Apple announced the iPhone 5C, along with the iPhone 5S at an event at its headquarters on September 10, 2013.

paragraphs: The iPhone 5C is sold at a lower price than the iPhone 5S. The iPhone 4S is still being sold, but has been changed so that it costs less than the 5C. The iPhone 5S sells for $199 for the 16 GB model with a two-year contract in the United States. It sells for $649 without a contract. The 5C sells for $99 for the 16 GB model on a contract. It sells for $549 without a contract. The iPhone 4S is still being sold, but the price has been dropped. It is free on a two-year contract or $449 without a contract.

paragraphs: An 8 GB version of the iPhone 5C was released on March 18, 2014, but will only be sold in six countries: United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Australia, and China.


title: Studio 37

paragraphs: Studio 37 is a French theater company in Paris, France. It works with other companies to create movies. One of the movies is "Totally Spies! The Movie", released in 2009 in France by Marathon Media, TF1 and Studio 37.


title: Camilo Cienfuegos

paragraphs: Camilo Cienfuegos Gorriarán (; February 6, 1932 – October 28, 1959) was a Cuban revolutionary. He was born in Lawton, Havana. He was raised in an anarchist family that had left Spain before the Spanish Civil War. Cienfuegos became a key figure of the Cuban Revolution, along with Fidel Castro, Che Guevara, Juan Almeida Bosque, and Raúl Castro.

paragraphs: On October 28, 1959, Cienfuegos's Cessna 310 ('FAR-53') disappeared over the ocean during a night flight from Camagüey to Havana. He was declared dead on the same day when searches for the plane failed. He was 27 years old.


title: Juan Almeida Bosque

paragraphs: Juan Almeida Bosque (February 17, 1927 – September 11, 2009) was a Cuban politician and one of the original commanders of the Cuban Revolution.

paragraphs: After the 1959 revolution, he was a famous figure in the Communist Party of Cuba. At the time of his death in 2009, he was a Vice-President of the Cuban Council of State and was its third ranking member. He received several decorations, and both national and international awards, including the title of "Hero of the Republic of Cuba" and the Order of Máximo Gómez.

paragraphs: On September 11, 2009, Juan Almeida died of a heart attack, aged 82.


title: Crash (computing)

paragraphs: A Computer crash is when a computer program stops running normally. The program can be either an application or the computer's operating system. The program may freeze (stop) or may show a crash report explaining what happened. One, called the Blue Screen of Death has a blue screen and means whatever you were working on may have just 'died'. Many crashes involving computers are often the result of machine instructions not running right. Typical causes are if programs' counters are set to incorrect addresses or buffer overflows.

paragraphs: An application crash can happen if an operation (a set of instructions) is performed that is not allowed by the operation system. If an application crashes, any work in progress may be lost. For this reason it is very important to backup computer files every few minutes. In some operating systems, when one application program crashes, other running programs may crash as a result.

paragraphs: Operation systems often crash due to hardware problems. A device driver that is poorly written can cause an operating system to crash. The solution may be to upgrade the driver.


title: With Arms Wide Open

paragraphs: "With Arms Wide Open" is a power ballad and is the third single off American rock band Creed's second studio album "Human Clay". The song was released on April 24, 2000.

paragraphs: The song won a Grammy Award for Best Rock Song at the 43rd Annual Grammy Awards in 2001. It was also nominated for Best Rock Vocal Performance by a Duo or Group but lost to U2's "Beautiful Day".


title: Ted Lindsay

paragraphs: Robert Blake Theodore “Terrible Ted" Lindsay (July 29, 1925 – March 4, 2019) was a Canadian professional ice hockey left winger. Lindsay played a career total of 17 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Detroit Red Wings and Chicago Black Hawks.

paragraphs: During his career, Lindsay was able to win the Stanley Cup four times and won the Art Ross Trophy once. He was nicknamed "Terrible Ted" because of his involvement in the creation of the National Hockey League Players' Association (NHLPA) and due to this he was traded to Chicago. He also served as the General Manager and Head coach of the Detroit Red Wings.

paragraphs: Lindsay was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1966. His jersey number #7 was retired by the Red Wings on November 10, 1991. In 1998, "The Hockey News" ranked Lindsay #21 on their list of 100 Greatest Hockey Players.

paragraphs: Lindsay died on March 4, 2019 at his home in Oakland Charter Township, Michigan at the age of 93.


title: WWF One Night Only

paragraphs: WWF One Night Only was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event made by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It was held on September 20, 1997 at the NEC Arena in Birmingham, England.


title: WWF The Wrestling Classic

paragraphs: WWF The Wrestling Classic was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event made by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It was held on November 7, 1985 at the Rosemont Horizon in Rosemont, Illinois. The main event of the PPV was the finals of a 16-man tournament and saw Junkyard Dog defeat Randy Savage.


title: Canis Major dwarf

paragraphs: The Canis Major dwarf galaxy ("CMa dwarf") or Canis Major overdensity ("CMa overdensity") is a disputed dwarf irregular galaxy in the Local Group. It is in the same part of the sky as the constellation Canis Major.

paragraphs: The supposed small galaxy contains a relatively high percentage of red giant stars, and is thought to contain an estimated one billion stars in all.

paragraphs: The Canis Major dwarf is classified as an irregular galaxy. It is now thought to be the closest neighbouring galaxy to our position in the Milky Way. It is about 25,000 light-years away from the Solar System, and 52,000 light-years from the Galactic centre. It has a roughly elliptical shape and is thought to contain as many stars as the Sagittarius dwarf elliptical galaxy, the previous contender for closest galaxy to us.

paragraphs: Several studies cast doubts on the true nature of this overdensity. Investigation of the area in 2009 showed only ten RR Lyrae variable stars. This is consistent with the Milky Way's halo and thick disk populations, rather than a separate dwarf spheroidal galaxy.


title: Sonderkommando

paragraphs: Sonderkommandos were special work groups made up of prisoners in the Nazi concentration camps during World War II. (In German, ""Sonderkommando"" means "special unit".) They worked in and around the gas chambers, which the Nazis used to murder many people.

paragraphs: The "Sonderkommandos" did not kill anybody. When the Nazi guards at the concentration camps killed people in their gas chambers, they made the "Sonderkommandos" do a few different jobs:

paragraphs: Usually, the Nazi camp guards chose people for the "Sonderkommando" groups right after those people got to the concentration camps. They almost always chose Jewish prisoners. These people were told they would be killed if they did not agree. They were not told what kind of work they would have to do. Sometimes, the new "Sonderkommando" would find the bodies of their own families in the gas chambers. They were not allowed to change jobs or refuse to work. The only way they could stop working as "Sonderkommando" would be to kill themselves.

paragraphs: Sometimes the groups of "Sonderkommandos" were very big. As the Nazis killed more and more people in the concentration camps, they wanted more "Sonderkommandos". By 1943, at Birkenau concentration camp (also called "Auschwitz II"), the groups of "Sonderkommando" included 400 prisoners. But when many more Jews from Hungary were sent to the camp in 1944, the Nazis added 500 more "Sonderkommando".

paragraphs: The Nazis needed the "Sonderkommandos" to stay strong enough to work. Because of this, they were treated a little better than the other prisoners. They were allowed to sleep in their own barracks. They were also allowed to keep things like food, medicines, and cigarettes that had belonged to people who were killed in the gas chambers. The Nazis allowed these things because they wanted to be able to kill people as quickly as possible in the gas chambers. Without the "Sonderkommando" to help with the dead bodies, the Nazis would not be able to use the gas chambers as much.

paragraphs: Because they knew so much about how the Nazis were killing so many people, the Nazis thought of the "Sonderkommando" as "Geheimnisträger" — people who knew secrets. Because of this, they were kept apart from other prisoners in the camps. The Nazis also did not want anyone outside the camps to know what they were doing. To make sure the "Sonderkommando" could never tell what they knew, the Nazis would regularly kill all of the "Sonderkommando", usually about every 3 months. Then they would choose a new group out of new prisoners just getting to the camps. The new group's first job would be to burn the bodies of the old "Sonderkommandos".

paragraphs: Some "Sonderkommandos" tried to revolt (fight back) against the Nazis. For example, in 1944, "Sonderkommandos" at Auschwitz partly destroyed one of the crematoria used for burning bodies. For months, young Jewish women had secretly been taking small amounts of gunpowder from a weapons factory in the Auschwitz camp. They had been sneaking that gunpowder to men and women in the camp's resistance movement. (The resistance movement was a group of prisoners at Auschwitz who decided to fight back against the Nazis, sometimes in secret ways.) Using this gunpowder, the leaders of the "Sonderkommando" planned to blow up the gas chambers and crematoria, and start a rebellion against the camp's guards.

paragraphs: However, before this plan was ready, people in the camp's resistance movement found out that the Nazi guards were going to murder the "Sonderkommando" on 7 October 1944. The resistance members warned the "Sonderkommando", who attacked the guards with two machine guns, axes, knives and grenades. They killed about 3 guards and hurt about 12 others. A total of 451 "Sonderkommandos" were killed on this day. Some died fighting the camp's guards. Some did not, and were executed later that day by the Nazis.

paragraphs: There were also revolts in two other concentration camps, called Treblinka and Sobibór. At Treblinka, on 2 August 1943, around 100 prisoners were able to escape from the camp. At Sobibór, "Sonderkommando" in one part of the camp (Camp I) revolted on 14 October 1943. The "Sonderkommando" in another part of the camp (Camp III) did not revolt, but were murdered the next day.

paragraphs: Other "Sonderkommandos" fought back secretly. For example, at Auschwitz, in August 1944, members of the "Sonderkommando" were able to take pictures showing bodies being burned and people being sent to the gas chambers. They snuck these pictures out of the camp as proof of what the Nazis were doing.

paragraphs: Fewer than twenty out of several thousand members of the "Sonderkommando" are known to have survived and were able to testify to what happened. After World War II, at some camps, people found notes that members of the "Sonderkommando" had buried or hidden, hoping that someone would find the notes later and know what happened.

paragraphs: Between 1943 and 1944, some members of the "Sonderkommando" at Birkenau (Auschwitz II) were able to get pens and paper, and they wrote about the things they had seen at the camp. They buried the things they wrote near the crematoria. Their writings were found after the war ended.

paragraphs: For example, this note was found buried in the Auschwitz crematoria. It was written by Zalman Gradowski, a "Sonderkommando" who was killed in the revolt on 7 October 1944:"Dear finder of these notes, I have one request of you ... that my days of Hell, that my hopeless tomorrow will find a purpose in the future. I am transmitting [writing about] only a part of what happened in the Birkenau-Auschwitz Hell. You will realize what reality looked like ... From all this you will have a picture of how our people perished [died]."


title: Ana María Matute

paragraphs: Ana María Matute Ausejo (26 July 1925 – 25 June 2014) was a Spanish writer and member of the Real Academia Española. She is thought to have been one of the most famous writers since the Spanish Civil War.

paragraphs: She was born in Barcelona. She studied at the international school of Hilversum in the Netherlands. She was a guest lecturer to the universities of Oklahoma, Indiana and Virginia.

paragraphs: On 25 June 2014, Matute died of a heart attack at the age of 88, and was laid to rest in the Cemetery of Montjuïc, Barcelona.


title: Ivan Plyushch

paragraphs: Ivan Stepanovych Plyushch (September 11, 1941 – June 25, 2014) was a Ukrainian politician. He served as the Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada (parliament of Ukraine) three times.

paragraphs: He served as chairman from July 9, through July 23, 1990 (acting), from December 5, 1991 through May 11, 1994 and from February 1, 2000 through May 14, 2002.

paragraphs: Plyushch died on June 25, 2014 at the age of 72 after a long battle with cancer, aged 72.


title: Roxas (Kingdom Hearts)

paragraphs: Since his introduction, Roxas has received a positive critical response from fans and video game publications. In February 2010, Roxas was ranked #28 on a "Famitsu" poll featuring the most popular video game characters from Japan.


title: The Hits

paragraphs: The Hits is the second compilation album by Garth Brooks. The album was released on December 13, 1994.


title: Madeleine Sherwood

paragraphs: Madeleine Sherwood (November 13, 1922 – April 23, 2016) was a Canadian actress. She was known for her roles as Reverend Mother Placido in "The Flying Nun". She also appeared in "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof" and "Sweet Bird of Youth". Sherwood was once blacklisted as a communist during the 1960s, even though she wasn't.

paragraphs: Sherwood died on April 23, 2016 at her childhood home in Lac Cornu, Quebec at the age of 93.


title: Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania

paragraphs: Bryn Mawr is a census-designated place in Pennsylvania, United States. It is west of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Bryn Mawr College is in Bryn Mawr. As of 2010, 4,382 people lived there. It was founded in 1686. "Bryn Mawr" means "big hill" in Welsh.


title: New York, I Love You

paragraphs: New York, I Love You is a 2008 American romantic-comedy-drama movie directed by Fatih Akin, Yvan Attal, Randall Balsmeyer, Allen Hughes, Shunji Iwai, Jiang Wen, Shekhar Kapur, Joshua Marston, Mira Nair, Natalie Portman, and Brett Ratner.

paragraphs: It stars Bradley Cooper, Shia LaBeouf, Natalie Portman, Anton Yelchin, Hayden Christensen, Orlando Bloom, Irrfan Khan, Rachel Bilson, Chris Cooper, Andy García, Christina Ricci, John Hurt, Cloris Leachman, Robin Wright Penn, Julie Christie, Maggie Q, Ethan Hawke, James Caan, Shu Qi, and Eli Wallach.

paragraphs: The movie premiered at the 2008 Toronto International Film Festival in September 2008, and was released in the United States on October 16, 2009.


title: Esmeralda Agoglia

paragraphs: Esmeralda Agoglia (born 29 August 1923) is a former Argentine prima ballerina, choreographer and director of Argentina's Ballet Estable.

paragraphs: Agoglia was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

paragraphs: Agoglia joined the Ballet Estable at the Teatro Colón in Buenos Aires in 1942. From 1949 to 1976 she was the company's prima ballerina.

paragraphs: In 1989 she received the Konex Award for her work as a ballerina.


title: Natalie Tran

paragraphs: Natalie Tyler "Nat" Tran (born 24 July 1986) is an Australian vlogger, actress, comedian and writer. She is best known for her YouTube channel "communitychannel".

paragraphs: Tran makes "videos that are a combination of monologue and sketches that focus on the humourous aspects of everyday life." As of September 2018, her channel has over 1.8 million subscribers and over 500 million total video views. She has a signature sign-off that is "Your Mum Rates Me." She made her first movie role was as Helen in "Goddess" (2013).

paragraphs: Tran was born in Sydney, New South Wales. Her parents are from Vietnam.


title: Mister International India

paragraphs: Mister International India is a national pageant in India that annually selects India's representative to Mister International pageant.

paragraphs: The first edition of Mister International India was held in 2006. Sudhir Tewari was the winner of the first edition. He represented India at Mister International 2006.


title: Lada

paragraphs: Lada is a brand of car from the AvtoVAZ company in Tolyatti, Samara Oblast, Russia. The car was first sold as an export under the name Zhiguli in the domestic Soviet market after June 1966. They are most popular in Russia and Europe.

paragraphs: In April 2012, AvtoVAZ announced that they had ended model 2107 called the Lada Riva / Lada Nova after more than 40 years.


title: Survivor Series (1990)

paragraphs: Survivor Series (1990) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It was held on November 22, 1990 at the Hartford Civic Center in Hartford, Connecticut. It was the fourth Survivor Series event that was held by the WWF.


title: Survivor Series (1991)

paragraphs: Survivor Series (1991) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It was held on November 27, 1991 at the Joe Louis Arena in Detroit, Michigan. It was the fifth Survivor Series event that was held by the WWF.


title: Bankers Life Fieldhouse

paragraphs: Bankers Life Fieldhouse is a sports arena located in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. It is the home of the Indiana Pacers of the National Basketball Association and the Indiana Fever of the Women's National Basketball Association. The Fieldhouse also hosts college basketball games (including the annual Big Ten Conference tournaments), indoor concerts, and ice hockey. The Fieldhouse is the home of the Indiana Ice hockey team.


title: Survivor Series (1992)

paragraphs: Survivor Series (1992) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It was held on November 25, 1992 at the Richfield Coliseum in Richfield Township, Ohio. It was the sixth Survivor Series event that was held by the WWF.


title: Penny Wong

paragraphs: Penelope Ying-Yen "Penny" Wong (born 5 November 1968) is an Australian lawyer and politician for the Labor Party. She is the current Leader of the Opposition in the Senate, under Leader of the Opposition. She has represented South Australia in the Senate since 2002.

paragraphs: Wong was born in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. Her father is Malaysian Chinese of the Hakka people and her mother is Australian and of English ancestry. When her parents separated when she was eight, she moved to Adelaide, South Australia with her mother and her four-year-old brother younger brother, Toby. Toby killed himself in 2002.

paragraphs: Wong is a lesbian and also a Christian. Her partner is public servant, Sophie Allouache. They have two daughters, Alexandra (born 2011) and Hannah (born 2015).


title: Gino Odjick

paragraphs: Wayne Gino "Chief, The Enforcer" Odjick (born September 7, 1970) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey left winger. Odjick played a career total of 12 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Vancouver Canucks, New York Islanders, Philadelphia Flyers, and Montreal Canadiens.

paragraphs: Before playing in the NHL, Odjick played 2 seasons with the Laval Titan of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL). He was drafted 86th overall by the Vancouver Canucks in the 1990 NHL Entry Draft. He played 8 years with the Canucks and played the role of an enforcer.

paragraphs: On March 23, 1998, Odjick was traded to the New York Islanders for Jason Strudwick. He would play 3 years with the Islanders. On February 15, 2000, he was traded to Philadelphia Flyers for Mikael Andersson and a 5th round pick in the 2000 NHL Entry Draft. After two seasons with the Flyers, He was traded to the Montreal Canadiens for P. J. Stock and a 6th round pick in the 2001 NHL Entry Draft. He was only able to play two seasons with the Canadiens and missed most of the 2002–03 NHL season because he suffered a concussion when a puck hit him in the back of the head during a pre-season practice. He was also suspended by the Canadiens when he failed to report to the minors. Odjick retired from playing professional ice hockey in 2002.

paragraphs: Odjick was born just outside of Maniwaki, Quebec on an Algonquin Native Reserve named Kitigan Zibi. In 2003, he moved back to Vancouver and partnered with the Musqueam First Nation to manage the Musqueam Golf & Learning Academy. On June 26, 2014, Odjick announced that he had been diagnosed with a rare terminal disease called AL amyloidosis.


title: Don't Go Away

paragraphs: "Don't Go Away" is the fourth single off English rock band Oasis' third studio album "Be Here Now". The song was released on 19 February 1998. The song was released only as a single in Japan and it peaked at #48 on the Oricon chart. The song was successful in the United States and peaked at #5 on the "Billboard" Hot Modern Rock Tracks chart in 1997.


title: Stop Crying Your Heart Out

paragraphs: "Stop Crying Your Heart Out" is the second single off English rock band Oasis' fifth studio album "Heathen Chemistry". The song was released on 17 May 2002. Jason Fox for NME said that "Stop Crying Your Heart Out" was the band's return to the "long lost humanism" of their 1996 single "Don't Look Back in Anger", because of Noel Gallagher's ability to lighten the mood of his audience when they are in need.

paragraphs: The song was composed in the key of B minor and used common time at 76 beats per minute.


title: Andrew Wiggins

paragraphs: Andrew Christian Wiggins (born February 23, 1995) is an Canadian professional basketball player. He is a shooting guard-small forward for the Minnesota Timberwolves of the National Basketball Association (NBA). When he was drafted, Wiggins became the second ever Canadian basketball player to be picked #1 overall in the NBA draft.

paragraphs: Wiggins played college basketball at the University of Kansas. During his first year there, Wiggins was able to average 17.1 points per game (ppg), 5.9 rebounds per game (rpg), and made 34.1% of his three-pointers. On January 13, 2014, in a game against Iowa State, Wiggins scored 17 points and gained 19 rebounds in a 77–70 victory. He became only the second freshman in the last 15 years (along with Michael Kidd-Gilchrist) to earn those numbers in a win against a ranked opponent.

paragraphs: On June 26, 2014, Wiggins was picked 1st overall by the Cleveland Cavaliers in the 2014 NBA Draft. On August 23, 2014, there was a three-team trade that was done by the Cavaliers, the Minnesota Timberwolves, and the Philadelphia 76ers. The trade sent Wiggins and Anthony Bennett to the Timberwolves, along with Thaddeus Young, of the Sixers. The Cavaliers received Kevin Love from Minnesota and the Sixers received Luc Richard Mbah a Moute and Alexey Shved from Minnesota as well as a 2015 first round draft pick from Cleveland. Wiggins became only the second player since the ABA–NBA merger to have been drafted as the number one pick, only to be traded later without having played a single game for the team he was originally drafted by; Chris Webber was the first following the 1993 NBA draft.


title: Moonlite BunnyRanch

paragraphs: The Moonlite BunnyRanch is a legal brothel in Nevada. It opened in 1955. It is owned by Dennis Hof. Donald Sterling was banned for life from the brothel.


title: Cast Away

paragraphs: Cast Away is a 2000 American adventure drama movie directed by Robert Zemeckis and starring Tom Hanks. It follows a FedEx employee surviving in an uninhabited island after the plane crashed in the Pacific Ocean. The movie gained positive reviews from critics and holds a 90% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. At the 73rd Academy Awards, Hanks was nominated for Best Actor in a Leading Role, but lost to Russell Crowe for "Gladiator".


title: Agnes, Victoria

paragraphs: Agnes is a small town in Victoria, Australia. It is where the South Gippsland Highway and Barry Road meet. The town is on the South Gippsland railway line.


title: Pennsylvania Route 274

paragraphs: Pennsylvania Route 274 (PA 274) is a state highway in Franklin and Perry Counties in Pennsylvania. It is long. The western end of the highway is at Pennsylvania Route 75 in Fannett Township, Pennsylvania. The eastern end is at US 11/US 15 in Duncannon.


title: Leslie Manigat

paragraphs: Leslie François Saint Roc Manigat (August 16, 1930 - June 27, 2014) was a Haitian politician. He was elected President of Haiti after a tightly controlled military held election in January 1988.

paragraphs: He died on June 27, 2014 at the age of 83.


title: René Préval

paragraphs: René Garcia Préval (; January 17, 1943 – March 3, 2017) was a Haitian politician and agronomist. He was twice President of the Republic of Haiti.

paragraphs: He served from February 7, 1996 to February 7, 2001, and from May 14, 2006 to May 14, 2011. He was also Prime Minister from February 1991 to October 11, 1991.


title: Taken (movie)

paragraphs: Taken is a 2008 French action thriller movie directed by Pierre Morel and produced by Luc Besson.

paragraphs: A 17 year old American girl goes to Paris on holiday. She is kidnapped by an Albanian gang of sex traffickers. Her father rescues her.

paragraphs: It stars Liam Neeson, Maggie Grace, Leland Orser, Jon Gries, David Warshofsky, Holly Valance, Katie Cassidy, Xander Berkeley, Olivier Rabourdin, Gérard Watkins, and Famke Janssen.

paragraphs: It was released on 27 February 2008 in France and on 30 January 2009 in the United States. A sequel, "Taken 2", was released on 3 October 2012.


title: 2014 United Kingdom local elections

paragraphs: The 2014 United Kingdom local elections were held on 22 May 2014. It was on the same day as the European elections.


title: Taken 2

paragraphs: Taken 2 is a 2012 English-language French action thriller movie. It was directed by Olivier Megaton and produced by Luc Besson. It is set in Istanbul.

paragraphs: It stars Liam Neeson, Maggie Grace, Famke Janssen, Leland Orser, Jon Gries, D.B. Sweeney, Luke Grimes, and Rade Šerbedžija. It is the sequel to the 2008 movie "Taken" and was released on 3 October 2012.

paragraphs: Another sequel, "Taken 3", was released in 2015.


title: Taken 3

paragraphs: Taken 3 is a French action thriller movie. It was directed by Olivier Megaton. It was produced by Luc Besson. It stars Liam Neeson, Maggie Grace, Forest Whitaker, and Famke Janssen. It was released on 9 January 2015.

paragraphs: The soundtrack was composed by Nathaniel Méchaly.

paragraphs: The ex-CIA agent Bryan Mills (Liam Neeson) has an ordeal behind that after his daughter was kidnapped by traffickers (96 hours) and he had to rescue his family from the clutches of the vengeful Albanians (96 Hours - Taken 2), this time he even persecuted. His wife is murdered by unknown people who manage to make it appear as the main suspect. He manages his arrest to come before, but the wily Inspector Franck Dotzler (Forest Whitaker) attaches itself to his heels. Mills must succeed to find the mastermind behind the murder before Dotzler tightens the noose around him and before his wife's killer may also jeopardize his daughter. He is a hunter and hunted at the same time and all he can demonstrate are his exceptional ability and talent.


title: Raúl Ramírez (actor)

paragraphs: Raúl Ramírez (28 January 1927 – 22 June 2014) was a Mexican movie actor, director, and screenwriter. He was known for his roles in "Juan el enterrador" (1981), "De pulquero a millonario" (1982) and "La salvaje ardiente" (1984). He was born in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.

paragraphs: Ramírez died in Mexico City, Mexico from a long-illness, aged 87. He is survived by his wife, actress Marcela Daviland and his son, Raúl.


title: Hazel McCallion

paragraphs: Hazel McCallion, née Journeaux, (born February 14, 1921) is a Canadian politician. She served as the mayor of Mississauga, Ontario. McCallion was first elected in November 1978, and was the longest serving mayor is the city's history. She retired in 2014.


title: Grant, Alabama

paragraphs: Grant is a town in Marshall County, in the northeast of Alabama. As of the 2010 census, the population of Grant was 896.


title: Albert, New South Wales

paragraphs: Albert is a town in the Central West region of New South Wales, Australia. At the 2006 census, Albert had a population of 96.


title: Central West (New South Wales)

paragraphs: The Central West is a region of New South Wales, Australia. The region is west of the Blue Mountains, which are west of Sydney. It has an area of 63,262 square kilometres (24,426 square miles). Major towns and cities in the Central West include the cities of Bathurst and Orange; and the large towns of Cowra and Parkes. Bathurst and Orange have campuses of Charles Sturt University, the only local provider of higher education for the region.


title: Yukon River

paragraphs: The Yukon River is a river in northwestern North America. It starts in British Columbia, continues through the Yukon Territory, and ends in Alaska. It empties into the Bering Sea. It is the longest river in Alaska and the Yukon. It was one of the main ways that people travelled during the 1896–1903 Klondike Gold Rush.


title: Yukon Legislative Assembly

paragraphs: The Yukon Legislative Assembly is the legislative assembly for Yukon, Canada. It has 19 elected members. It is presided over by the Speaker of the Yukon Legislative Assembly. There are five political parties in the territory. Three parties are represented in the legislature. The Yukon Liberal Party has a majority of the seats.

paragraphs: The assembly was created in 1977 by the Yukon Elections Act. Members to the assembly were first elected in a general election in 1978. The Legislative Assembly is the only legislature of Canada's territories that has political parties. The legislature for the Northwest Territories and Nunavut follow a consensus government without political parties.


title: Agloe, New York

paragraphs: Agloe, New York is a made-up town in New York. It was created in the 1930s by the General Drafting Company to use in their maps as a copyright trap - a false fact that is created to see if someone copied from that source.

paragraphs: Agloe has an important role in the book "Paper Towns" by John Green. The population of Agloe is 1 in the book Paper Towns.


title: Metropolismania

paragraphs: Metropolismania is a city-building/strategy game video game published by Natsume and developed by Media Factory.

paragraphs: The game was released on September 27, 2001 in Japan, October 3, 2002 in North America, and on November 8, 2002 in Europe. The main objective of the game is to talk with NPCs to populate various towns. A sequel called "Metropolismania 2" was released on August 21, 2007 in North America and on July 13, 2006 in Japan. Another sequel, called "Metropolismania 3", was released for the PlayStation Portable in Japan only.

paragraphs: IGN rated the game a 6.5 out of 10 GameSpot rated the game a 7 out of 10 stars


title: The Garth Brooks Collection

paragraphs: The Garth Brooks Collection is the first compilation album by Garth Brooks. The album was released on September 2, 1994.


title: Operation Mincemeat

paragraphs: Operation Mincemeat was a plan by the Allies to trick the Axis powers. It took place in 1943.


title: Konyang University

paragraphs: Konyang University (건양대학교; RR: Geonyang), located in Nonsan, South Korea, is a private university. It was founded in 1991.

paragraphs: Konyang University has campuses in Nonsan and Daejeon. The Nonsan campus is the main campus. It is the location of the university's new College of Interdisciplinary and Creative Studies.

paragraphs: The Daejeon campus has programs in Western medicine, medical technology, and nursing. In 2013, Konyang began the first Korean program in Medical Space Design & Management. The university is accredited by the Korean Council for University Education. The Daejeon campus also hosts the Konyang Cyber University, the president of which is Lee Won-mook.

paragraphs: The university's founder and long-time president was Dr. Kim Hi-soo. He was given the 2006 South Korean Mugunghwa Order of Civil Merit Medal (국민훈상무궁화장) prize for outstanding citizen, for his work in supporting education. In September of 2017, Chung Yeon-ju became the current president.


title: Totally Spies! The Movie

paragraphs: Totally Spies! The Movie (known as Totally Spies! Le film in France) is a 2009 French - Canadian animated action comedy movie. The movie is part of the "Totally Spies!" series. It tells the beginnings of the three secret agents, how they met and their first mission as members of WOOHP.

paragraphs: Three newcomers, Sam, Clover and Alex, come to Los Angeles and meet by chance, because they are entering the same high school. They are in fact followed closely by a secret agency, the WOOHP, who will recruit them for three seasoned spies. They agree to go through spy training and within 48 hours, they have completed it.

paragraphs: After training, they are thrown into their first mission when rockstars have been abducted. They go to Wolfman's building and later find that each went through a make over by a mysterious machine called the "Fabulizor". They later see that everyone at school also had gone through the Fabulizor and Oinky ends up going through the Fabulizor too. They are almost blasted by one of Fabu's minions in a fighter jet after avoiding Miss Skritch as they sneak back into school. Tailing Mandy that night, they find that all of those who went through the Fabulizor became hypnotized by a special chip in their cheek bones. They then meet the mastermind behind the entire affair, Fabu, a runway model who quickly lost his fame. The spies accidentally expose themselves and are captured by Fabu's strongest henchmen. He then relates his entire plan, to abduct everyone who went through the Fabulizor and place them inside a special space station which he calls Fabutopia; then use a missile to destroy all of Earth, before using his Fabulizor in reverse and give the girls each horrible make overs. He then sets them to be blasted back to Earth in rockets. But when Tad meets the girls again, they are still imprisoned and he says he will let them fail the mission and stop Fabu himself, taking all the credit and regaining his "favorite agent" status with Jerry.

paragraphs: But after a fight with Fabu, Tad is strapped to the missile bound for Earth. The girls manage to escape and go after Fabu. They are unable to stop the missile from taking off but hitch a ride as it is rocketing towards Earth with Tad still attached to it. They are able to turn the missile around to destroy the station and Alex whacks at the control panel with the WOOHP manual. They then are picked up by a surprise appearance from Jerry in one of WOOHP's ships and rescue the kidnapped people from aboard the station and evacuate safely, including Oinky. They are finally reunited with Alex before the missile explodes and destroys the station in a firework finale. They then chase after Fabu's ship, manage to destroy it and catch Fabu and his Sphynx in his escape pod. After the mission, Alex is invited for a session with Wolfman and Clover is offered a date by Rob Hearthrob over the phone.

paragraphs: Miss Skritch had been transferred to another school in Antarctica in an igloo, Fabu, his henchmen and Tad are later imprisoned and set for punishment by WOOHP and everyone who was rescued from aboard Fabu's space station have their minds erased (including Mandy). But just after the girls celebrate getting even with Mandy for the last time, courtesy of one of WOOHP's gadgets, they are sucked away to another mission. The girls are quick to bring up personal appointments, but soon find themselves running from a WOOHP jet as it prepares to suck them aboard. But the girls are ready for their mission as they change into their spy uniforms and exclaim their friendship as the movie ends.

paragraphs: The movie was released in France on 22 July 2009 in 272 theatres.

paragraphs: On 14 October 2009 the movie hit the Netherlands and stayed there for seven weeks. On 10 March 2010 the movie came out on DVD in the Netherlands.

paragraphs: DVD of the movie in its original language, French, was released in France on the 3rd of February through Fox Pathe Europa. It topped charts in the French Amazon in the week of its release.

paragraphs: Vendetta Films, a new New Zealander film distributing company, has recently confirmed the release date of the Totally Spies: The Movie! DVD. It will be released on 1 April, nothing else has being announced. Vendetta can ship overseas. It was also announced that it will cost $24.99 NZD. Marathon currently has no plans to release it in any North American country other than Mexico. On 30 March 2010, news was obtained that Cartoon Network have the rights to release the Totally Spies! The Movie in America including the spin-off, The Amazing Spiez!

paragraphs: The film aired on Disney Channel Asia on 27 February 2010 later on Cartoon Network in United States and Teletoon in Canada. The Film also premiered on TF1 in France.


title: Bobby Womack

paragraphs: Robert Dwayne "Bobby" Womack (; March 4, 1944 – June 27, 2014) was an American singer-songwriter and musician.

paragraphs: Womack was born in Cleveland, Ohio, the third of five brothers. His younger brothers were musicians Cecil (1947-2013) and Harry (1945-1974).

paragraphs: Womack's styles of music included: R&B, soul, rock and roll, doo-wop, gospel, and country. He worte and recorded The Rolling Stones' first UK No. 1 hit, "It's All Over Now". As a singer, he is most notable for the hits "Lookin' For a Love", "That's The Way I Feel About Cha", "Woman's Gotta Have It", "Harry Hippie", "Across 110th Street" and "You Think You're Lonely Now". He was added to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2009.

paragraphs: In 1965, Womack married Sam Cooke's widow Barbara Campbell. The couple had a son who committed suicide in 1988. The couple divorced in 1976 after she shot at Womack after finding out he had an affair with her daughter. Womack had a son and daughter by his third wife. He had two sons by another woman. His brother Cecil married Linda Womack, the daughter of Sam Cooke and Barbara Campbell.

paragraphs: In his memoir "I'm a Midnight Mover", he opened up about his drug use and became a cocaine addict in the 1970s. After going to rehab in the late 1980s, he stopped using the drug.

paragraphs: Womack died on June 27, 2014 at the age of 70 in Tarzana, California. The cause of death is not known. He had diabetes, prostate cancer, heart disease, colon cancer, pneumonia and Alzheimer's disease.


title: Branch Rickey

paragraphs: Wesley Branch Rickey (December 20, 1881 – December 9, 1965) was an American Major League Baseball (MLB) executive. He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1967.

paragraphs: He was best known for breaking Major League Baseball's color barrier by signing African American player Jackie Robinson, for drafting the first Afro-Hispanic superstar, Roberto Clemente, for creating the framework for the modern minor league farm system, for encouraging the Major Leagues to add new teams through his involvement in the proposed Continental League, and for introducing the batting helmet.


title: Oblivion (2013 movie)

paragraphs: Oblivion is a 2013 American science-fiction movie directed by Joseph Kosinski. It stars Tom Cruise, Morgan Freeman, Andrea Riseborough, and Olga Kurylenko. The movie was released in the U.S. on April 19, 2013.


title: Red Barber

paragraphs: Walter Lanier "Red" Barber (February 17, 1908October 22, 1992) was an American sports commentator.

paragraphs: Barber, nicknamed ""The Ol' Redhead"", by the radio broadcasts of Major League Baseball. He broadcasted for forty years with the Cincinnati Reds (193438), Brooklyn Dodgers (19391953), and New York Yankees (19541966).


title: Efraín Ríos Montt

paragraphs: José Efraín Ríos Montt (; June 16, 1926 – April 1, 2018) was a Guatemalan politician. He was President of Guatemala from 1982 to 1983. An army general, his time in office was marked by the Guatemalan Civil War. Years later, he served as president of Congress.

paragraphs: Ríos Montt died in Guatemala City on April 1, 2018 of a heart attack at the age of 91.


title: Stockdale, Ohio

paragraphs: Stockdale is an unincorporated community in southern Marion Township, Pike County, Ohio, United States. Its zip code is ZIP code of 45683.


title: Sana Bukas pa ang Kahapon

paragraphs: Sana Bukas pa ang Kahapon is a Philippine television drama series. It is broadcast by ABS-CBN starring Bea Alonzo.


title: Chuck Noll

paragraphs: Charles Henry "Chuck" Noll (January 5, 1932 – June 13, 2014) was an American football player and coach in the National Football League (NFL). He played for Cleveland Browns from 1953 to 1959. He was the only head coach for the Pittsburgh Steelers from 1969 to 1991. He has more Super Bowl wins (4) than any other head coach in NFL history, and was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1993.

paragraphs: Noll was born in Cleveland, Ohio. He went to the University of Dayton on a football scolarship.

paragraphs: Noll died on June 13, 2014 in Sewickley, Pennsylvania, aged 82. He had Alzheimer's disease and heart disease.


title: Kyrie Irving

paragraphs: Kyrie Andrew Irving (; born March 23, 1992) is an American professional basketball player for the Brooklyn Nets of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He plays for the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He formerly played for the Cleveland Cavaliers. He is entering free agency in 2019. He has 2 nephews Navion Flowers and Kenyan Mackroy.

paragraphs: Kyrie Irving also has 2 nephews Navion Flowers and Kenyan Mackroy.

paragraphs: In 2016, Irving made the shot that allowed the Cavaliers to win the NBA Finals 4–3 after a 3–1 comeback to the Golden State Warriors. On Christmas Day, he made the same winning shot and helped Cleveland beat the Warriors again.

paragraphs: Irving was born in Melbourne, Victoria to African American parents. He grew up in West Orange, New Jersey. He went to Duke University before being selected as the 1st overall pick in the 2011 NBA draft by the Cavaliers. He is a dual citizen of Australia and the United States.


title: H II region

paragraphs: An H II region is a region where huge blue stars are formed from hydrogen. They are named after the ionised atomic hydrogen which they produce: H II.

paragraphs: The stars form inside a large cloud of hydrogen gas. The short-lived blue stars formed in these regions give off huge amounts of ultraviolet light. This ionizes the surrounding gas.

paragraphs: H II regions can be several hundred light-years across. The first known H II region was the Orion nebula, which was discovered in 1610. These regions have extremely varied shapes. They often appear clumpy and filamentary, sometimes showing bizarre shapes such as the Horsehead nebula.

paragraphs: H II regions give birth to thousands of stars over several million years. Eventually, this produces a star cluster. In the end, supernova explosions and strong stellar winds from the most massive stars blow away the gases of the H II region. This leaves behind behind a cluster of stars such as the Pleiades.

paragraphs: H II regions can be seen at huge distances in the universe.The study of extragalactic H II regions helps to fix the distance and chemical composition of other galaxies.

paragraphs: Spiral and irregular galaxies have many H II regions, while elliptical galaxies have almost none. In spiral galaxies, like the Milky Way, H II regions are found in the spiral arms, but in the irregular galaxies they are distributed at random.

paragraphs: Some galaxies have huge H II regions, with tens of thousands of stars. Examples include the 30 Doradus region in the Large Magellanic Cloud and NGC 604 in the Triangulum galaxy.


title: OB star

paragraphs: OB stars are hot, massive blue stars. They are stars of types O or B in the HertzsprungRussell diagram.

paragraphs: Like other giant stars they are short lived, and do not move far from where they were formed. During their lifetime, they emit huge amounts of ultraviolet radiation. This radiation ionizes the surrounding interstellar gas of the nebula, forming an H II region.


title: Sieve

paragraphs: A sieve is a device that is able to separate particles of different sizes. The most primitive sieve has holes of a given size, so that the particles that are smaller than the size will fall through, while those that are bigger will not. This is used in cooking to separate liquids from solids.


title: Grey market

paragraphs: A grey market (or parallel market) is a market where goods are sold legally, but outside the commonly-used channels and at lower prices. They are sold without the permission of the manufacturer. Consumers buying grey market goods risk not having warranties honored. They risk getting user guides and software in the wrong language. Packages may not include all accessories needed for a particular market. Sometimes grey market goods are sold without packaging, user guides or needed accessories. There is usually no after-sale support for products. Grey market products are often sold via the Internet without charging customers any sales tax. Products sold by grey marketers generally sell for much less than authorized dealers. This causes a loss of tax revenue to governments.


title: Def by Temptation

paragraphs: Def by Temptation is a horror movie of 1990. The movie is set in New York City. It is about two friends who move in together. Samuel L. Jackson plays a father.


title: Consumption (economics)

paragraphs: Consumption is a major concept from economics. Consumers spend their all their income. Some of this income is spent on buying the products and services they need - this is called consumption. John Maynard Keynes talked about consumer spending and a consumption function which expresses how households spend their income. Different schools of economics define this consumption function differently, but they agree on the basic mechanism how consumption works.


title: Dying Young

paragraphs: Dying Young is a 1991 American romantic drama movie. The movie is based on a novel of the same name. It is about a 28 year old leukemia patient named Victor. Julia Roberts plays Hilary, who is hired as his nurse. Ellen Burstyn plays her eccentric mother. Colleen Dewhurst plays Estelle.

paragraphs: It got negative reviews from the critics. It holds a 23% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Its box office intake was high.


title: Egyptian language

paragraphs: The Egyptian language was an Afroasiatic language that was spoken in Ancient Egypt. It has been written 5000 years, which makes it one of the oldest written languages known today. The Coptic language is the modern form of the Egyptian language. The Egyptian language changed into it over time. The Copts use it for religious purposes. Only a few people are still fluent in Coptic. While the modern variant is known, the older variants could only be translated when the Rosetta stone was found in 1799. The Rosetta stone contains the same text in three languages, one of which was known at the time.

paragraphs: The oldest records of the Egyptian language date from about 3400 BC.

paragraphs: Egyptian was spoken until the late 17th century AD in the form of Coptic. The national language of modern-day Egypt is Egyptian Arabic, which replaced Coptic as the language of daily life in the centuries after the Muslim conquest of Egypt.

paragraphs: Scholars group the Egyptian language into six major chronological divisions:

paragraphs: Egyptian writing in the form of labels and signs has been dated to 3200 BC. These early texts are generally called "Archaic Egyptian."

paragraphs: In 1999, "Archaeology Magazine" reported that the earliest Egyptian glyphs date back to 3400 BC which "...challenge the commonly held belief that early logographs, pictographic symbols representing a specific place, object, or quantity, first evolved into more complex phonetic symbols in Mesopotamia."

paragraphs: Old Egyptian was spoken for about 500 years from 2600 BC onwards. Middle Egyptian was spoken from about 2000 BC for a further 700 years when Late Egyptian made its appearance; Middle Egyptian survived until the first few centuries AD as a written language, similar to the use of Latin during the Middle Ages and that of Classical Arabic today. Demotic Egyptian first appears about 650 BC and survived as a spoken language until the fifth century AD. Coptic Egyptian appeared in the fourth century AD and survived as a living language until the sixteenth century AD, when European scholars traveled to Egypt to learn it from native speakers during the Renaissance. It probably survived in the Egyptian countryside as a spoken language for several centuries after that. The Bohairic dialect of Coptic is still used by the Egyptian Christian Churches.

paragraphs: Old, Middle, and Late Egyptian were all written using hieroglyphs and hieratic. Demotic was written using a script derived from hieratic; its appearance is vaguely similar to modern Arabic script and is also written from right to left. Coptic is written using the Coptic alphabet, a modified form of the Greek alphabet with a number of symbols borrowed from Demotic for sounds that did not occur in contemporary Greek.

paragraphs: Arabic became the language of Egypt's political administration soon after the Arab conquest in the seventh century AD. Over time, it replaced Coptic as the language spoken by the common people. Today, Coptic survives as the liturgical language of the Coptic Orthodox Church and the Coptic Catholic Church.

paragraphs: The Bible contains some words, terms and names thought by scholars to be Egyptian in origin. An example of this is Zaphnath-Paaneah, the Egyptian name given to Joseph.


title: Bandy World Championship for men

paragraphs: The Bandy World Championship is a competition between bandy-playing nations. The tournament is administrated by the Federation of International Bandy.

paragraphs: Bandy has been played since the 19th century, but the first world championship for men were only played in 1957, and the first world championship for women were only played in 2004.

paragraphs: Bandy was held as a demonstration sport at the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo. This Olympic bandy tournament had no world championship status.

paragraphs: The first ever Bandy World Championship was organised in 1957. It was played at the Helsinki Olympic Stadium in Finland.

paragraphs: From 19612003, the bandy world championship for men were played once every two years, but since 2003 the bandy world championship for men has been played once every year.


title: Patty Mills

paragraphs: Patrick Sammy "Patty" Mills (born 11 August 1988) is an Australian professional basketball player. He plays for the San Antonio Spurs of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He is the second Indigenous Australian to play basketball in the NBA (after Nathan Jawai). He is also the first person of Torres Strait Islander ancestry to play in the NBA.

paragraphs: Mills was born in Canberra to a Torres Strait Islander father and an Aboriginal Australian mother.


title: Rolf M. Zinkernagel

paragraphs: Rolf Martin Zinkernagel (born January 6, 1944) is a Swiss immunologist at the University of Zurich.

paragraphs: He is best known for his discovery of how the immune system recognizes virus-infected cells. For his discovery, Zinkernagel shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Peter C. Doherty in 1996.