title: Jehovah's Witnesses

paragraphs: Jehovah's Witnesses are a religious group with more than eight million members around the world. They believe God, who they call Jehovah, will end crime, violence, sickness and death by destroying all wickedness in the world. They say that God's Kingdom (mentioned (thy Kingdom come) in the Lord's prayer) will restore God's original purpose for the Earth: bringing about peace for all humans who live by Bible standards.

paragraphs: Their beliefs are based solely upon the Bible. These beliefs were taught by Charles Taze Russell, a preacher who started a Bible study group in Pennsylvania in 1876. The goal of Russell and other Bible Students, as the group was then known, was to promote the teachings of Jesus Christ and to follow the practices of the first-century Christian congregation. Since Jesus is the Founder of Christianity, they view him as the founder of their organization.—Colossians 1:18-20. They later started publishing a religious magazine called "The Watchtower".

paragraphs: Some of their beliefs, especially about who God is and what his plans are for humans and the earth, are different from what is taught in most Christian churches. Jehovah's Witnesses believe that only 144,000 people will go to heaven and that all the other people who obey God will live forever on a paradise Earth. They do not believe that God is a Trinity. They believe Jesus died on a pole (also called '[torture] stake') rather than a cross. They teach that when people die, they remain in the grave until Jesus resurrects them after God's Kingdom, or government, is ruling over earth.

paragraphs: Jehovah's Witnesses are best known for preaching their beliefs from door-to-door and in other public places, and offering their magazines, "The Watchtower" and "Awake!" They are also well known for refusing to join armies and refusing blood transfusions.

paragraphs: In 1870 a young clothing shop owner named Charles Taze Russell heard an Adventist preacher speak. The preacher said the Bible contained clues that showed God was about to set up a kingdom, or government, over earth. He said the kingdom, which is mentioned many times in the New Testament of the Bible, would be based in heaven, and it would completely change the way of life for everyone in the world. Russell studied that preacher's teachings and looked through the Bible, and ended up with some new beliefs.

paragraphs: Using various Bible verses and events from history, Russell decided that God would soon call a group of "saints" to heaven to be kings there. Other faithful Christians who had since died would also make up a total of 144,000 kings in heaven. Churches at the time taught that humans were still waiting for Jesus to return to earth in his Second Coming, but Russell believed that clues in the Bible showed Jesus returned in 1874. Russell believed part of God's plan was to start Armageddon, which he thought would be a complete breakdown of law and order on earth, when governments and people would fight among themselves. He believed that God would then end sickness and death and allow obedient Christians to live forever in perfect health.

paragraphs: Russell believed it was very important that all Christians, including those who were attending churches, should learn those "truths". He believed these "truths" had been carefully hidden in the Bible for thousands of years. He started a publishing group called the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania. He wrote several books, set up some Bible study classes for people to study his teachings, and started a magazine, "Zion's Watch Tower and Herald of Christ's Presence", which taught that Christ was already present. He wrote that God would bring about all those events by 1914.

paragraphs: By the time Russell died in 1916, he had written 50,000 pages, with almost 20 million copies of his books printed and distributed around the world. Joseph Franklin Rutherford, one of his followers, took Russell's position as president of the Watch Tower Society.

paragraphs: Rutherford wrote many books as well. He made some changes to Russell's teachings and required all the study groups, or congregations, around the world to agree to the teachings and rules set by the Watch Tower Society in New York. He told all members to preach from door to door about God's Kingdom and to distribute Watch Tower Society publications so more people would hear the message. Many members did not agree with Rutherford's changes, and some started their own groups. In 1931 Rutherford called his group "Jehovah's Witnesses" to tell it apart from the other groups. By the time Rutherford died in 1942, the religion had a worldwide membership of 115,000.

paragraphs: Some of the new teachings resulted in suffering for many Jehovah's Witnesses. Thousands were sent to prison, beaten or killed in several countries during World War II because they refused to fight. In Germany, many were sent to concentration camps because they would not support the Nazi Party. Later, in the United States, many of their children were expelled from schools because they refused to salute the flag, because they thought that God would not approve. Some countries still have laws against members practicing the religion. By 1977 they had more than two million members around the world.

paragraphs: From 1966, the religion suggested that God could bring Armageddon in 1975, and that the Kingdom would be set up very soon after. Some Witnesses sold businesses and homes, gave up jobs, delayed medical operations and decided against starting a family because they expected Armageddon to arrive. Many members that assumed Armageddon would come in 1975 left at the time, but many other people joined and the group kept growing.

paragraphs: Like many Christian religions, Jehovah's Witnesses believe there is an all-powerful, all-knowing God who created everything. They also have some beliefs that are different from most Christians. They believe God calls himself Jehovah (a translation of the Hebrew letters "YHWH") and they believe it is important to use that name. In which, 'God' is a title, as to, daughter, mother, father, son and etc. This is why it is important to address our father by his name. They believe Jesus is God's son, the first angel, and that he is also called Michael the Archangel. They say the holy spirit is God's power rather than a person. They do not believe in the Trinity. They believe the Bible is a book that God used humans to write and that it is completely true and the best guide for how people should live.

paragraphs: Jehovah's Witnesses believe that God made Adam and Eve, the first humans, and put them in a garden called Eden. They believe that when Adam and Eve sinned, they no longer had God's approval so they began to get sick and die. They were not perfect any more and could not have perfect children. Because of this, humans could not remain sinless. They believe that Jehovah later sent Jesus to die (on a pole (stake), not a cross, as most Christians believe, which is known as 'Christendom') to forgive mankind's sins.

paragraphs: Jehovah's Witnesses believe that only 144,000 people, a number found in Revelation chapters 7 and 14, will go to heaven to be kings and priests with Jesus Christ. They say that God will start a worldwide war called Armageddon, and the people who do not obey God or worship him the way he expects will be killed. The people who he approves will survive and be given the opportunity to live forever. Then God will begin to turn Earth into a paradise without crime, sickness, pain, aging, wars or death. They say God will also resurrect (bring back to life) billions of people who died in the past so they can learn about God and have a chance to live in paradise as well.

paragraphs: Jehovah's Witnesses believe only their religion really obeys God's instructions and that God does not approve of any other religions (including Catholics, Protestants, Buddhists and Muslims) because they do not follow the Bible the right way. They believe that Satan the Devil is the real leader of all other religions and makes them think they worship God the right way. (AKA: Satan the Devil is the ruler of this wicked world, but only for a short time).(1 John 5:19) So they believe that only Jehovah's Witnesses will be saved at Armageddon, but they say God will make the final choice.

paragraphs: Jehovah's Witnesses are best known for their door-to-door preaching. They believe Jesus ordered them at Matthew 28:19 to "go make disciples of all the nations", warning people that the day of God's judgement, or Armageddon, will happen soon. Jehovah's Witnesses believe their preaching is a fulfillment of a prophecy at Matthew 24:14, "And this gospel of the kingdom will be preached in the whole world as a testimony to all nations, and then the end will come." All Witnesses are told to spend as much time as they can in public preaching work, usually offering "The Watchtower" and other Watch Tower Society publications. Since the Internet, Jehovah's Witnesses also preach online. They teach people their beliefs about Jehovah and his plans for the earth. Members are asked to give a monthly written report on how much time they have spent publicly preaching.

paragraphs: The buildings where Jehovah's Witnesses meet to worship are called Kingdom Halls. Unlike many other churches, these halls do not have altars, statues, or symbols such as the Cross. Each congregation has three meetings each week:

paragraphs: Members unable to attend in person can also listen to the meeting over the phone or by video streaming where available. They also attend one large regional convention and two circuit assemblies a year (some of them at hired sports arenas), where hundreds or thousands of members gather depending on the location.

paragraphs: Jehovah’s Witnesses hold meetings for worship twice each week. (Hebrews 10:24, 25) At these meetings, which are open to the public, they examine what the Bible says and how to apply its teachings in life. At some meetings, people in the audience, including children, are invited to answer questions and make comments. The religion has elders and ministerial servants who take the spiritual lead in their congregations, but they do not dress differently to other members and they are not paid. Most elders support themselves with jobs outside the religion.

paragraphs: Members of the religion are expected to live up to high moral standards. They are told they should always be honest.

paragraphs: Jehovah's Witnesses are told to marry only other baptized Jehovah's Witnesses. They believe God does not like married couples to divorce unless the husband or wife cheated. They can separate from a partner who hurt their family or refused to support them, but they would not be allowed to marry someone else.

paragraphs: They also refuse blood transfusions because the Bible says not to eat blood or consume it in any other way, and they believe that putting blood in their veins is equivalent to consuming it .

paragraphs: They are told not to make close friends with non-Witnesses because they could make their faith in God weaker, or possible sever their relationship with Him completely.

paragraphs: Jehovah's Witnesses are quite strict about who can be a member. Jehovah's Witnesses are only counted as members if they are baptized. Like other Christian groups, they believe baptism represents devotion to God and their promise to live by his teachings. Unlike some Christian groups, Witnesses are not baptized as babies. They believe baptism should be a choice made by someone who understands what it means.

paragraphs: If the elders think a baptized Witness has willingly disobeyed direction set forth in the Bible, they will investigate. That investigation is called a "judicial committee". If the elders decide the person is 'guilty' and does not regret what they did, he or she might be "disfellowshipped". This means the person is no longer a member of the group. When that happens, no other Jehovah's Witnesses are allowed to talk to or interact with that person (except in some situations such as living or working together) unless the disfellowshipped person repents and is allowed back in. When such a person is allowed back in, they have been 'reinstated'.

paragraphs: Some people, including former Witnesses, have criticized this punishment as harsh and unfair. The style of leadership of the group has also been described by some authors as autocratic and totalitarian, because members have to be completely submissive to the direction of Jehovah as found in the Bible to the greatest extent they possibly can.


title: Wife

paragraphs: A wife is a married woman. "Married" means that the law says two people are legally "joined". During the marriage ceremony, the wife is called the bride.

paragraphs: In countries and times it has been different how many wives a man can have legally. In old times there were no limitations in some countries. In Christianity a man can have one wife. In Islam a man can have up to four wives.

paragraphs: There are some names for special kinds of wives. For example,

paragraphs: A man whose wife is deceased is called a widower.


title: Catherine Parr

paragraphs: Catherine Parr (alternatively Katherine or Kateryn) (c.1512 – 5 September 1548) was Queen of England and of Ireland (1543–47). She was the last of the six wives of King Henry VIII. She married him on 12 July 1543, and outlived him by one year. She was also the most-married English queen, with four husbands. She was also the first woman to be queen of both England and Ireland.

paragraphs: Catherine had a close relationship with Henry's three children. She personally helped teach school for Elizabeth and Edward, both of whom became English monarchs. She helped get the Third Succession Act in 1543 passed. This placed Mary I and Elizabeth I, back into the line of succession to the British throne.

paragraphs: Henry died on 28 January 1547. Six months after Henry's death, she married her fourth and final husband, Thomas Seymour, the Baron of Sudeley.

paragraphs: Catherine gave birth to her only child — a daughter, Mary Seymour. She was named after Catherine's stepdaughter Mary – on 30 August 1548. She died only six days later, on 5 September 1548, at Sudeley Castle in Gloucestershire, from what was probably childbed fever (sepsis). This was common at that time, because births did not happen in clean conditions.

paragraphs: Many years later, in 1782, the coffin of Queen Catherine was found in the ruins of the Sudeley Castle chapel.


title: Queen (band)

paragraphs: Queen are a British rock band that formed in London in 1970. They are one of the most commercially successful music acts of all time, selling over 300 million records worldwide. The members were Freddie Mercury (lead vocals, piano), Brian May (lead guitar, vocals), Roger Taylor (drums, vocals), and John Deacon (bass guitar).

paragraphs: Freddie Mercury died of an AIDS-related bronchopneumonia on November 24, 1991. In 1997 John Deacon retired to spend more time with his family. The other two former members toured with Paul Rodgers from 2005 to 2009. In December 2018 it was announced Queen & Lambert will bring its Rhapsody Tour to The Forum in 2019. Three of their biggest hits were "Bohemian Rhapsody, "We Will Rock You", and "We Are the Champions".

paragraphs: Queen was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2001.

paragraphs: With his friend Tim Staffell, Brian May started a band called 1984 in the mid 1960's. The band broke up after a little bit and then May decided to make another band and teamed up with two other college students named Tim Staffell and Roger Taylor. They called themselves "Smile" with Roger Taylor on drums and vocals, Tim Staffell on vocals and bass and Brian May on guitar and vocals. They did a few hits such as "April Lady". Tim Staffell became friends with another college student, Farrokh Bulsara (to be later known as Freddie Mercury) and Farrokh became a big fan of "Smile" and encouraged them a lot. Later on, Tim left "Smile" to join "Humpy Bongs" and Farrokh Bulsara subsequently joined the band on vocals and piano in 1970. Then Farrokh came up with the name "Queen", so they changed it from "Smile" to "Queen". They then started auditions for a new bassist. They were going through several bassists during this time and none of them stuck, only lasting for about a few minutes. None of the auditioners managed to suit the place of the new bassist, but finally in 1971, they settled on John Deacon. Queen's first album was released in 1973 and it was called "Queen" with songs such as "Seven Seas Of Rhye" and "Liar". Farrokh Bulsara changed his name to Freddie Mercury after the lyrics "Mother Mercury, look what they've done to me" in "My Fairy King". Brian May has a degree in Astrophysics.


title: Simon & Garfunkel

paragraphs: Paul Simon and Art Garfunkel were an American folk and rock music duo. They were two childhood friends, who found fame in the 1960s. Their songs, including "Mrs. Robinson", "So Long, Frank Lloyd Wright", "The Sound of Silence", and "Bridge Over Troubled Water", all composed by Simon, are still popular to this day.

paragraphs: Their free concert in New York City's Central Park in 1981 was the biggest concert ever, with 500,000 people (about the same number as Woodstock).


title: Madagascar

paragraphs: Madagascar is a large island nation in the Indian Ocean. It is off of the east coast of Africa. Twenty-two million people live there; its capital is Antananarivo. It is the world's fourth largest island.

paragraphs: The official languages are Malagasy and French.

paragraphs: Geologists think that about two million years ago, Madagascar was a part of a big landmass that included what is now the continent of Africa, but it broke off. Madagascar would later break off of the Indian subcontinent.

paragraphs: Madagascar is home to many species that were not known about until around 1679 when Dutch explorers went there. They do not even exist elsewhere in Africa. They only exist in Madagascar. In fact, most of the mammals living in Madagascar do not live anywhere else in the world. However, many of the species in Madagascar are in danger because many of the forests have been cut down. A big reason that forests have been cut down is so that land can be used to grow crops such as coffee, which is one of the most important crops that is grown in Madagascar.

paragraphs: Agriculture is a big part of the economy in Madagascar, including the growing of coffee and vanilla. Madagascar sells more vanilla than any other country in the world. Madagascar also makes money from tourism.

paragraphs: In 2004 Madagascar was divided into 22 regions. It used to be divided into 6 provinces.

paragraphs: People have probably lived in Madagascar for at least 2000 years.

paragraphs: France took over the city of Antananarivo in 1895, and added Madagascar as a colony two years later. Madagascar became independent from France, which meant it became its own country, on 26 June, 1960. On March 17, 2009, President Marc Ravalomanana quit because of pressure from the military. Andry Raejolina became the next president.


title: Board game

paragraphs: A board game is a game usually played with pieces on a board, or some area with marked spaces. Many board games use pieces that may be moved, placed, or traded depending on the rules of the game. These pieces may be money, chips, pawns, or other objects. Board games may also involve some random chance with dice or cards, for example. There are many board games with a long history in some cultures. Examples of these games are chess, checkers, backgammon, parqués, and go. There are also a great number of popular board games that have been created more recently, in the past hundred years. Among these games are Scrabble and Monopoly.

paragraphs: Chess, and most versions of checkers, are played on a 8x8 square board with 32 white squares and 32 black squares. International checkers is played on a 10x10 square board.


title: Aerosmith

paragraphs: Aerosmith is an American rock band, formed in 1970 in Boston, Massachusetts. They have released many popular songs, including "Walk This Way" and "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing". They have their own Guitar Hero video game called . Their lead singer is Steven Tyler.


title: Brighton

paragraphs: Brighton is a city on the south coast of England. It was called "Brighthelmstone". It is in the county of East Sussex. In 2000, it joined Hove to become the city of Brighton & Hove. Historically, Brighton forms the main part of the Brighton/Worthing/Littlehampton conurbation, with 474,485 inhabitants (2011 census). This is England's 12th largest conurbation, and the mostly densely populated area outside London.

paragraphs: From the 1730s, Brighton entered its second phase of development—one which brought a rapid improvement in its fortunes. The fad for bathing in seawater as a cure for illnesses was encouraged. From the 1760s it was a boarding point for boats travelling to France. Road transport to London was improved when the main road via Crawley was turnpiked in 1770. Spas and indoor baths were opened by physicians.

paragraphs: From 1780, development of Georgian terraced houses started. The fishing village developed to the fashionable resort of Brighton. Growth of the town was encouraged by the patronage of the Prince Regent (later King George IV) after his first visit in 1783. He spent much of his leisure time in the town, and had the Royal Pavilion built during the early part of his Regency.

paragraphs: The arrival of the London and Brighton Railway in 1841 brought Brighton within the reach of day-trippers from London. Some major attractions such as the West Pier and the Brighton Palace Pier were built for the growing number of tourists. The population grew from around 7,000 in 1801 to more than 120,000 by 1901.

paragraphs: Modern-day Brighton is a centre for education, sports, and recreation. It has two universities: University of Sussex and the University of Brighton. It also has 54 other schools.

paragraphs: In 2003, the universities of Sussex and Brighton formed a medical school, known as Brighton and Sussex Medical School. Brighton has a thriving LGBT community and every year in the first weekend in August Pride festivities are held.


title: Vincent van Gogh

paragraphs: Vincent Wilien van Gogh (30 March 1853 – 29 July 1890) was a Dutch post-impressionist painter. His work had a great influence on modern art because of its striking colours and emotional power. He suffered from delusions and fits of mental illness. When he was 37, he died by committing suicide.

paragraphs: When he was a young man, Van Gogh worked for a company of art dealers. He traveled between The Hague, London and Paris. After that, he taught in England. He then wanted to become a pastor and spread the Gospel, and from 1879 he worked as a missionary in a mining place in Belgium. He began drawing the people there, and in 1885, he painted his first important work, "The Potato Eaters". He usually painted in dark colors at this time. In March 1886, he moved to Paris and found out about the French impressionists. Later, he moved to the south of France, and the colors in his art became brighter. His special style of art was developed and later fully grown during the time he stayed in Arles in 1888.

paragraphs: He was born Vincent Willem van Gogh on 30 March 1853 in Groot-Zundert, Netherlands. His father, Theodorus van Gogh, was a pastor. His mother, Anna Cornelia Carbentus, was an artist. Van Gogh was brought up in a religious and cultured family. He was very emotional and he did not have a great deal of self-confidence. He was also a replacement child. He was born a year after the death of his brother, also named Vincent. He even had the same birthday. Living at the church rectory Vincent walked past the grave of his dead brother every day. There has been speculation that van Gogh suffered later psychological trauma as a result, but this cannot be proved.

paragraphs: Between 1860 and 1880, when he finally decided to become an artist, van Gogh had had two sad romances. He also had worked unsuccessfully in a bookstore, as an art salesman, and a preacher. He remained in Belgium, where he had preached, to study art. The works of his early Dutch period are sad, sharp, and one of the most famous pictures from here is "The Potato Eaters", painted in 1885. In that year, van Gogh went to Antwerp where he found the works of famous artists and bought a lot of Japanese prints.

paragraphs: In 1886 he went to Paris to join his brother Theo, who was the manager of Goupil's gallery. In Paris, van Gogh studied with Cormon. He also met Pissarro, Monet, and Gauguin. This helped the colors of his paintings lighten and be painted in short strokes from the paintbrush. His nervous temper made him a difficult companion and night-long discussions combined with painting all day made him very unhealthy. He decided to go south to Arles where he hoped his friends would join him and help found a school of art. Gauguin did join him, but it did not help. Near the end of 1888, Gauguin left Arles. Van Gogh followed him with an open razor, but was stopped by Gauguin. Instead, he cut his own ear lobe off. After that, van Gogh began to get fits of madness and was sent to the asylum in Saint-Remy for medical treatment. He painted over 1,000 portraits.

paragraphs: In May of 1890, he regained his health and went to live in Auvers-sur-Oise. However, two months later on 27 July, he was shot in a hunting accident with two kids. He died two days later, with Theo at his side. Theo reported his last words as ""La tristesse durera toujours"", which meant, "The sadness will last forever" in French.

paragraphs: During his brief career he had only sold one painting. After his death, Van Gogh's finest works were all sold in less than three years. His mother threw away a lot of his paintings during his life and even after his death. But she lived long enough to see him become a world famous painter. He was not well known when he was alive, and most people did not appreciate his art. But he became very famous after his death. Today, many people consider him to be one of the greatest painters in the history and an important influence on modern art. Van Gogh did not begin painting until he was almost 30. Most of his famous works were done in his last two years. He made more than 2,000 artworks, with 900 paintings and 1,100 drawings and sketches. Today, many of his pieces portraits, landscapes and sunflowers are some of the most famous and costly works of art in the world. Legendary folk rock musician Don McLean named his song Vincent (Don McLean song) after him.


title: Xylophone

paragraphs: A xylophone is a musical instrument that is part of the percussion family. It belongs to the group which is often called "pitched percussion" or tuned percussion because it can play different pitches and is a different way of expressing the sound that it creats. (notes). Xylophones have bars which are made of wood. People play the xylophone by hitting the bars with a mallet (a kind of drum stick). Each piece of wood is a different length, so they play different notes when they are hit. The bars are arranged like the keys of a piano. Underneath the bars there are long tubes, called resonators, which make the sound last longer.

paragraphs: The modern orchestral xylophone developed from xylophones found in Africa and Asia. It came as a folk instrument to countries in Central Europe. It was first used in an orchestra by Humperdinck in his opera "Hansel and Gretel". It was also used by Saint-Saëns in his "Danse macabre" where it is supposed to sound like a skeleton, and in his "Carnival of the Animals" where it is supposed to sound like fossils.

paragraphs: Kyle Reilly will use the xylophone in the song "Island of Misfit Toys" for SATB choir and orchestra.

paragraphs: The xylophone is usually played so that the music sounds an octave higher than written. Because the sound is always very short the xylophone is often used for short solo tunes which are fast and dry.

paragraphs: The marimba is a kind of xylophone which has a softer sound and more bars, especially low notes. It is not often used in older orchestra music.

paragraphs: Xylophones and marimbas are usually played with two mallets, but it is possible for good players to play with four (two in each hand).


title: Titanis

paragraphs: Titanis was a prehistoric flightless bird. Its name means 'giant'. "Titanus" was a genus of terror birds (the Phorusrhacidae). They were dominant land carnivores in South America through much of the Cainozoic.


title: Pendulum clock

paragraphs: A pendulum clock is a clock that uses a pendulum, a swinging weight, as its timekeeping element. It was invented in 1656 by Christiaan Huygens. From the year 1656 until the 1930s, the pendulum clock was the world's most accurate way of keeping time. This is what caused it to be used by a lot of people all over the place.


title: Nagoya Grampus

paragraphs: , formerly known as Nagoya Grampus Eight, is a Japanese professional football club in Nagoya.

paragraphs: In 2010, Keiji Tamada made three goals in one game against Shimizu S-Pulse.


title: Marine One

paragraphs: Marine One is the call sign for any Marine aircraft carrying the President of the United States. Also, Marine Two is the call sign of any Marine aircraft carrying the Vice President of the United States. If both the President and Vice President are on the same Marine aircraft, the aircraft gets the Marine One call sign.


title: Bibimbap

paragraphs: Bibimbap is one of the most famous Korean traditional foods. The word "bibimbap" means stirred or mixed rice. It is served as a bowl of rice with more ingredients on it. These ingredients can include some vegetables (spinach, herbs, potherb, and gosari). Beef or seafood can be added too.

paragraphs: There are some theories or stories about the origin of Bibimbap. It was the first written about in a cook book in the late 1800s. The first theory is the "palace food theory". It says that bibimbap was served as a light meal whenever the king wanted something to eat.

paragraphs: The second theory is the "meal for peasants during the farming season". As it was too difficult for peasants to have regular meals during the farming season, they would use a single bowl, where rice was combined with vegetables.

paragraphs: The third theory is the "Donghak uprising theory". When Donghak uprising broke out in the Jeolla provinces in 1894, the Donghak peasants were forced to mix their rice with side dishes because they didn't have enough plates or bowls.

paragraphs: Because Bibimbap has many ingredients, it contains a lot of nutrition. Also, its color and appearance, can be very different. It is easy to prepare and clean up because it is all packed in one bowl.


title: Class struggle

paragraphs: Class struggle, or class warfare or class conflict, is tension or antagonism in society. It is said to exist because different groups of people have different interests.

paragraphs: Looking at society this way is a feature of Marxism and socialism. Social sciences group people with similar social features into classes. Most of these features are economic.

paragraphs: According to Marxism, there are two main classes of people: The bourgeoisie controls the capital and means of production, and the proletariat provide the labour. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels say that for most of history, there has been a struggle between those two classes. This struggle is known as class struggle. After "The Communist Manifesto" and "Das Kapital", this concept became well known.

paragraphs: Class struggle happens when the bourgeoisie (the rich) pay the proletariat (the workers) to make things for them to sell. The workers have no say in their pay or what things they make, since they cannot live without a job or money.

paragraphs: Karl Marx saw that the workers had to work without any say in the business. He believed that since the workers make the things, they should say where they go and for how much, instead of the rich owners. They had to work hard to earn a living, while making the rich richer just doing simple office work.

paragraphs: Since they had to earn money to buy food, and jobs were the only things that give money, they had no choice but to work for the rich who made the business. The rich became richer while the worker hauled and lifted and did all of that hard manual stuff no one really likes to do.

paragraphs: Karl Marx thought that their labor limited their freedom. He wanted the workers to unite and take over the business, so that they could all be prosperous. He thought that the common man deserved to run the business, and that the rich were not better than the commoner.

paragraphs: Class struggle appeared in some forms. First, there is an economic form. The proletariat struggle with the bourgeoisie through their laborer's organization in this form. Second, there is a political form. In this form, the proletariat has their party and, through democracy, they try to change the system. And the last, there is an ideological struggle. In this form, the proletariat try to adapt the old governing system to new social situations. There are other forms of struggle, too. These forms are not exclusive, but exist at the same time.

paragraphs: Class struggle appeared all throughout history. At first, people lived in small communist societies. Then, they took property from the Earth for themselves and started to use slaves. They then had feudalism, which meant one person owned an entire area of land and used soldiers and workers to help them make money, and only gave their workers land, but they had some freedom that slaves didn't. Finally, in Karl Marx's time, people in some countries were becoming workers and bosses during the industrial revolution. The bosses owned the machines that the workers used to make things, but they didn't help using the machines. Instead, they made money by buying the time and energy of the workers to make things. Marx believed that the workers were not making as much money as they deserved because the boss would make money from the work they did without helping.

paragraphs: Marx believed that countries would overthrow capitalism and that workplaces would move toward socialism. This roughly means that the workers would control the workplaces. When this would have happened everywhere, Marx thought the world will have achieved communism.

paragraphs: The Soviet Union overthrew feudalism. They never reached the point of capitalism, so their society was very corrupt. Many blame them for the bad name of communism. There are some workplaces and societies are run democratically by workers, such as the kibbutzim in Israel.

paragraphs: Social democrats and liberal conservatives do not see society as described by Marx. They see society as changing gradually, through the system of democratic voting. The European Union is composed almost entirely of countries governed by this kind of system, but it is not universal throughout the world. Very few countries have undergone the kind of revolution forecast by Marx. It is much more common for military leaders to seize power and enforce a dictatorship which is neither democratic nor revolutionary.


title: Grand Korean Waterway

paragraphs: The Grand Korean Waterway plan, officially known as the Pan Korea Grand Waterway(한반도대운하, 韓半島大運河), consists of 3 canals. They are called the Seoul-Busan Canal (GyeongBu Canal,경부운하), the Honam Canal (호남운하), and the North Korea Canal (BukHan Canal, 북한운하).

paragraphs: The Seoul-Busan Canal runs between Seoul and Busan, two of South Korea's largest cities, and connecting the Han River and Nakdong River. Then the Honam Canal, which runs through ChungCheongBuk-do, ChungCheongNam-do, JeollaBuk-do, and JeollaNam-do, connects Geum River and YeongSan River. The North Korea Canal would connect SinUiJu-Pyongyang-GaeSeong, Wonsan-GaeSeong.

paragraphs: The canal was a project headed by Lee Myung Bak, who South Korea's president from 2008 to 2013. It is hugely controversial. Many Koreans object to this plan. Former president Lee said that he would not carry out this plan if many people objected to this idea, but there was a person who works in the Korea Institute of Construction Technology(한국건설기술연구원) has confessed that government's 'Four-Major-River Arrangement Plan' is a canal project in reality.

paragraphs: The major canal in this plan is the GyeongBu Canal(Seoul-Busan Canal, 경부운하).

paragraphs: The GyeongBu Canal starts in Seoul, the capital of South Korea. It flows along the Han River, and encounter with mountains. And then 40 km-long tunnel begins, connecting the Han River with the Nakdong River.

paragraphs: Many Koreans are anxious about this plan. Critics of the plan say that this canal is not efficient at all. They say that mountains along the proposed route would make it difficult and expensive to construct. Currently, the major transportation method on the GyeongBu (Seoul-Busan) line is road transport, which takes 5 hours.

paragraphs: However, ships following the GyeongBu Canal will take 25 hours to finish the trip. Critics believe this plan would just be a waste of money. In addition, it could be harmful to the environment and damage cultural treasures. On the other hand, supporters of this plan say that this canal will lessen congestion on the GyeongBu Expressway and GyeongBu Railroad line. Furthermore, sand from dredging the river bed could be sold for use in construction. They argue that this money could be used to fund the construction of the canals. However, critics argue that sand prices will be so cheap that little money will be earned from selling the sand. They say that it is only beneficial to the construction industry.


title: Parallelism (grammar)

paragraphs: Parallelism refers to words, phrases, or clauses that are very much alike. They have the same grammatical structure and are said to be in balance. This makes the writing easier to read.


title: Tropical Storm Arthur (2008)

paragraphs: Tropical Storm Arthur was the first tropical storm to form in May since 1981. Arthur was a weak tropical storm that affected Central America. Arthur was the first tropical storm of the 2008 Atlantic hurricane season. Arthur formed from the remains of dissipating Tropical Storm Alma which crossed Central America from the Pacific Ocean. Arthur caused nine deaths in Belize and caused $78 million in damage.


title: Tropical Storm Fay (2008)

paragraphs: Tropical Storm Fay was the sixth tropical storm of the 2008 Atlantic hurricane season. Tropical Storm Fay caused flooding in Haiti, the next three storms would do that same thing (Gustav, Hanna, and Ike). Tropical Storm Fay made landfall in Florida four times, beating a record from Hurricane Gordon in 1994, which made landfall in Florida three times. Fay left $560 million in damage and killed 36 people.

paragraphs: Fay started as a tropical wave off of Africa on August 7. It did not become a tropical depression until August 15. Shortly later it became Tropical Storm Fay. Fay then crossed Dominican Republic and Haiti.

paragraphs: Fay continued west and made two landfalls in Cuba. One in Cabo Cruz on August 17 and Cienfuegos on August 18, at both landfalls Fay had winds of 50 mph.

paragraphs: Fay made its first landfall in Florida at Key West also on August 18 winds were at 60 mph.

paragraphs: The next day Fay made landfall in Cape Romano, Florida while winds were at 65 mph. Fay moved over Florida and strangely strengthened while over Florida. Fay moved off of Florida near Melbourne. Fay moved north just off of Florida and made another landfall in Flagler Beach, Florida on August 21 while winds were at 65 mph.

paragraphs: Fay moved into the Gulf of Mexico and then made her fourth and final landfall in Florida on August 23. Fay became extratropical on August 27 and also died on August 27.

paragraphs: Even though Fay caused a lot of damage it was not retired, Fay is on the list of names in 2014.


title: Hurricane Gustav

paragraphs: Hurricane Gustav was one of 16 named storms, one of seven hurricanes, and one of five major hurricanes in the 2008 Atlantic hurricane season. Hurricane Gustav form on August 25, made landfall in three countries, Haiti, Cuba, and the United States, the storm died on September 4. Gustav caused about $6.61 Billion in damage, also 112 direct and 41 indirect deaths.

paragraphs: In the spring of 2009 the name Gustav was retired, it was replaced by Gonzalo in 2014.


title: Hurricane Kyle (2008)

paragraphs: Hurricane Kyle was the eleventh tropical storm and sixth hurricane of the 2008 Atlantic hurricane season. As a low pressure area, it moved slowly across Puerto Rico and Hispaniola. The low dumped heavy rains across those islands.

paragraphs: It later dumped heavy rain Puerto Rico. That resulted in six deaths and $48 million in damage.

paragraphs: A hurricane watch was put up for Maine on September 27. This was the first hurricane watch in 17 years in the state. Elsewhere in New England, the last hurricane watch was 12 years earlier when Hurricane Edouard brushed eastern Massachusetts.

paragraphs: The storm produced high waves along the coasts of Rhode Island and Connecticut. A newly married couple was killed when high waves knocked the wife into rocky shores. Her husband jumped in to save her. He was overcome by the waves himself.

paragraphs: It later struck west-central Nova Scotia as a mild hurricane. When it struck, its winds were near 75 mph. Damage was minor, at $9 million USD.


title: Tropical Storm Marco (2008)

paragraphs: Tropical Storm Marco was the smallest tropical cyclone ever. It was the 13th named storm of the 2008 Atlantic hurricane season. Marco started from a large storm over the northwestern Caribbean Sea during late September 2008. It later became a tropical depression. Marco reached its peak strength with winds of 65 miles per hour (100 km/h) on October 7. Marco hit land near Misantla, Veracruz. Because it was a very small storm, Marco caused little damage.


title: Baobab

paragraphs: Baobab is the common name of a genus of trees (Adansonia). There are a total of eight types of its kind: six species live in the drier parts of Madagascar, two in mainland Africa, one in Australia and three in India. It is the national tree of Madagascar.

paragraphs: Other common names include 'boab', 'boaboa', 'bottle tree', 'the tree of life', 'upside-down tree', and 'monkey bread tree'. The trees reach heights of 5 to 30 meters (16 to 98 ft) and trunk diameters of 7 to 11 meters (23 to 36 ft.). Its trunk can hold up to 120,000 liters of water. For most of the year, the tree is leafless, and looks very much like it has its roots sticking up in the air.

paragraphs: Baobabs are one of the largest and most important trees in all of where they grow, as they are able to provide shelter and wood. The leaves of the tree are used for making soup and the tree has some medicinal purposes in some regions of Africa for treating ailments such as wounds, diarrhea, asthma, fever, and malaria.

paragraphs: The trees are long-lived, but just how long is disputed. The owners of Sunland Farm in Limpopo, South Africa have built a pub called "The Big Baobab Pub" inside the hollow trunk of the high tree. The tree is 47 m (155 ft) in circumference, and is said to have been carbon dated at over 6,000 years old.

paragraphs: The baobab tree is known as the tree of life, with good reason. It can provide shelter, clothing, food, and water for the animal and human inhabitants of the African savannah regions. The cork-like bark and huge stem are fire resistant and are used for making cloth and rope. The leaves are used as condiments and medicines. The fruit, called "monkey bread", is edible, and full of vitamin C. As of 2010 experts estimate the potential international market at a billion dollars($US) a year.

paragraphs: The fruit has a velvety shell and is about the size of a coconut, weighing about . It has a somewhat acidic flavour, described as 'somewhere between grapefruit, pear, and vanilla'.

paragraphs: The tree can store hundreds of liters of water, which is an adaptation to the harsh drought conditions of its environment. The tree may be tapped in dry periods.

paragraphs: Mature trees are usually hollow, providing living space for many animals and humans. Trees are even used as bars, barns, wine and beer shops and more.


title: Hurricane Kenneth (2005)

paragraphs: Hurricane Kenneth was the strongest hurricane in the 2005 Pacific hurricane season. After the hurricane died out, what was left of Kenneth came near another weather system, and it caused rain on the Hawaiian Islands. Because of the heavy rain, there was flooding. At Nu‘uanu Pali on Oahu, the rain reached 10.25 inches (260.4 mm). The rain was so heavy that 4.11 inches (104 mm) fell in one hour. The rain reached 12 inches (305 mm) in other areas. This made Kenneth tied for the 9th rainiest tropical storm in Hawaii. One example of the flooding was 1 foot (300 mm) of water on Hawaii Route 61. This flooded a few houses. There was flooding on some rivers.

paragraphs: Kenneth caused stormy seas along the coast. Waves were between 8 and 10 feet (2 and 3 metres) high. These high waves crashed along the east shores of these islands:

paragraphs: There was no bad damage, and no people were killed by Kenneth.


title: Orange-red

paragraphs: Orange-red is a color. It is a combination of red and orange.


title: Choi Sung-Kuk

paragraphs: Choi Sung-Kuk (born 8 February 1983) is a South Korean football player. He plays for Suwon Samsung Bluewings.


title: Karl-Heinz Rummenigge

paragraphs: Karl-Heinz Rummenigge (born 25 September 1955) is a former German football player. He has played for Germany national team.


title: Louis Saha

paragraphs: Louis Saha (born 8 August 1978) is a French football player. He plays for Everton.


title: Paul Ince

paragraphs: Paul Ince (born 21 October 1967) is an English former footballer. He has played for the England national team.

paragraphs: Paul has been manager of: Macclesfield Town, Milton Keynes Dons (which he made champions of League Two), Blackburn Rovers, Notts County and Blackpool.


title: Míchel Salgado

paragraphs: Míchel Salgado (born 22 October 1975) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Blackburn Rovers.


title: Luis Enrique Martínez García

paragraphs: Luis Enrique Martínez García (born 8 May 1970) is a former Spanish football player. He has played for Spain national team.


title: Walter Samuel

paragraphs: Walter Samuel (born 23 March 1978) is an Argentine football player. He plays for Internazionale Milano and Argentina national team.


title: Roberto Ayala

paragraphs: Roberto Ayala (born 14 April 1973) is an Argentine football player. He plays for Racing.


title: Theodoros Zagorakis

paragraphs: Theodoros Zagorakis (born 27 October 1971) is a former Greek football player. He has played for Greece national team.


title: Christian Karembeu

paragraphs: Christian Karembeu (born 3 December 1970) is a former French football player. He has played for France national team.


title: Nicolas Anelka

paragraphs: Nicolas Anelka (born 14 March 1979) is a French football player. He plays for Chelsea and France national team.


title: Réaumur scale

paragraphs: The Réaumur scale is a way of measuring temperature. The unit associated with the scale is called "Réaumur", named after the physicist René-Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur who created it in 1731. The unit is usually abbreviated "Ré", sometimes "r". The two base points of the scale are the melting point of ice and the boiling point of water, both at normal pressure. There are 80 degrees between those values, one degree Réaumur is the 80th part of that temperature difference.

paragraphs: Réaumur used ethanol for his thermometers. Thermometers that use ethanol show the change of temperature better than those using mercury. This is because, when heated, ethanol expands faster than mercury. There is the problem though that the expansion of ethanol is different at different temperatures - it is non-linear. Ethanol has a very low boiling point, which makes thermometers based on it unusable for many applications. Soon, instrument-makers used other liquids, and then chose "80°Ré" as the boiling point of water.

paragraphs: In 1772 Jean-André Deluc studied the several substances used in thermometers at the time. At the time, new theories of heat were being developed.

paragraphs: Deluc's analysis came to the conclusion that mercury-based thermometers were the best for practical use: He made an experiment, as follows: Suppose there are two amounts of water, say one liter, are mixed. The two amounts have different temperatures. The temperature of both liquids are taken, before the mix, and the temperature of the mix is measured. The mix should have the temperature that is the mean of both temperatures. This relationship only held reliably, when mercury was used in thermometers. From the late 18th century, almost all thermometers used mercury, for this reason. Thermometers that use other substances than ethanol but have 80 scales between the boiling and the freezing points of water have nothing in common with Réaumur's thermometer, except for the name.


title: Brian Laudrup

paragraphs: Brian Laudrup (born 22 February 1969) is a former Danish football player. He has played for Denmark national team.


title: Gödel's incompleteness theorems

paragraphs: Gödel's incompleteness theorems is the name given to two theorems (true mathematical statements), proved by Kurt Gödel in 1931. They are theorems in mathematical logic.

paragraphs: Mathematicians once thought that everything that is true has a mathematical proof. A system that has this property is called "complete"; one that does not is called "incomplete". Also, mathematical ideas should not have "contradictions". This means that they should not be true and false at the same time. A system that does not include contradictions is called "consistent". These systems are based on sets of "axioms". Axioms are statements that are accepted as true, and need no proof.

paragraphs: Gödel said that "every non-trivial (interesting) formal system is either incomplete or inconsistent":

paragraphs: Those theorems are important to mathematicians because they prove that it is impossible to create a set of axioms that explains everything in maths.


title: Cilia

paragraphs: A cilium (plural "cilia") is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Cilia are slender protuberances that project from the much larger cell body.

paragraphs: In eukaryotes, cilia and flagella together make up a group of organelles known as undulipodia.

paragraphs: Eukaryotic cilia are structurally identical to eukaryotic flagella, although distinctions are sometimes made according to function and/or length.

paragraphs: Motile cilia are found on protist ciliates like "Paramecium". They are how "Paramecium" moves around. They are also found on the epithelial cells of many internal organs of metazoans, such as the digestive system and the trachea of the lungs.

paragraphs: Non-motile (or "primary") cilia usually occur one per cell; nearly all mammalian cells have a single non-motile "primary cilium". In addition, examples of specialized primary cilia can be found in human sensory organs such as the eye and the nose:

paragraphs: Cilia are structurally almost identical with the much larger flagella. So much so that it has been proposed protists bearing either should be unified in the Phylum "Undulipodia". Previously, Margulis had proposed that the Ciliates alone should be placed in a Phylum "Ciliophora". Admittedly, the Protista is a collection of disparate single-celled forms, but while a more sophisticated taxonomy is in flux (changing), Protista is still a useful term.

paragraphs: Cilia and flagella are cell organelles, specialised units which carry out well-defined functions, like mitochondria and plastids. It is fairly certain now that all or most of these organelles have their origin in once-independent prokaryotes (bacteria or archaea), and that the eukaryote cell is a 'community of micro-organisms' working together in 'a marriage of convenience'.


title: 30 Seconds to Mars

paragraphs: 30 Seconds to Mars is an American alternative rock band from Los Angeles. This band was started in 1998 by the actor Jared Leto and his brother Shannon Leto. The current members of the band are Jared Leto (lead vocals), Tomo Miličević (lead guitar) and Shannon Leto (drummer).

paragraphs: Created in 1998 by the actor Jared Leto and his brother Shannon, 30 Seconds to Mars began as a small family project. Matt Wachter later joined the band as bassist and keyboard player. After working with two guitarists, Kevin Drake and Solon Bixler, the band auditioned Tomo Miličević to join the band.

paragraphs: According to an interview from Virgin Records, the band's name;"Actually comes

paragraphs: from a thesis that the band found online that was written by a former Harvard professor. And one of the subsections of the

paragraphs: thesis was titled "Thirty Seconds to Mars" and he goes on to talk about the exponential growth of technology that relates to humans and saying that we are quite literally thirty seconds to mars. What it means to us is, we thought it best described our music, in short."

paragraphs: Even if Jared Leto is a major Hollywood actor, he prefers not to use this information to "sell" the band and he refuses to play shows where they use his name to promote the band.

paragraphs: The self-titled album was released on August 27, 2002 by Immortal Records and Virgin Records, produced by Bob Ezrin and Brian Virtue. The first single, "Capricorn (A Brand New Name)", peaks at number 31 an the Billboard's "Mainstream Rock Tracks". In the music video, the band members are in a desert where people are digging in mud pits. The band is playing in a ditch where others are watching them.

paragraphs: The second single is "Edge of the Earth". The music video is created by a series of live clips of 30 Seconds to Mars. It represents when Tomo Miličević joined in the band.

paragraphs: Their second album, "A Beautiful Lie", was released on August 30, 2005 by Immortal Records and Virgin Records, produced by Josh Abraham. The first single, "Attack", brought 30 Seconds to Mars to world success. The video for the song was filmed in an abandoned hotel in Hollywood.

paragraphs: In January 2006 this album was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for distribution of over one million albums. In March 2006 the band began their first tour from headliner, called "Forever Night, Never Day". In October 2006 the band began their "Welcome to the Universe Tour", sponsored by MTV2.

paragraphs: The second single from the album is "The Kill", and it follows the success of the precedent single. It spent 52 weeks on the Billboard's "Modern Rock Tracks". The music video is based on the American film "Shining". This single won the MTV2 Award at the MTV Video Music Awards, Best Single at the Kerrang! Awards, Best Live Action at the MTVu Woodie Awards, Video of the Year and Best Rock Video at the MTV Australian Music Awards and Best Video Inspired By Film at the Fuse Chainsaw Awards. This single was also at number 18 on MTV Italy's list of Top 100 Hits of 2007.

paragraphs: On March 1, 2007, while on tour in El Paso, Texas, Jared Leto announced to the arena that was the last concert of 30 Seconds to Mars with Matt Wachter. He dedicated the final song of the show, "R-Evolve", to Matt. They are also played in various festivals as Roskilde, Rock am Ring, Pinkpop, Give It A Name and Download.

paragraphs: The third single from the album is "From Yesterday" and it is a success too. The music video is based on the Italian film "The Last Emperor". It is the first American rock video ever shot in its entirety in the People's Republic of China. This single peaks at number 1 on Billboard's "Modern Rock Tracks", and also in Europe, Bolivia and Latvia Singles Chart. At this time, 30 Seconds to Mars won also Best Artist at the TRL Awards Italy, Best Rock Artist at the MTV Europe Music Awards, Best of 2007 at the Fuse Awards and Best International Artist at the Bandit Rock Awards.

paragraphs: The fourth single from the album is "A Beautiful Lie" and it is very success. The video is a montage of images of the Greenland, with scenes of the band playing on an iceberg. The single won the Video Star at the MTV Asia Awards and at the MTV Europe Music Awards, and in 2009 it was certified gold by MTV International. In April 2008, 30 Seconds to Mars released only in Argentina the fifth single from the album, "The Story".

paragraphs: 30 Seconds to Mars in 2008 won Best Single for "From Yesterday" and Best International Band at the Kerrang! Awards, Best Rock Artist International at the MTV Latin America Awards and Best Rock Artist at the MTV Europe Music Awards where were one of the hosts.

paragraphs: In August 2008, Virgin Records filed a $30 million lawsuit, claiming the band refused to deliver three albums as required by its contract. According to the lawsuit, the band "repudiated" a 1999 contract in July.

paragraphs: On February 11, 2009 issue of Kerrang!, the working title for the new album is said to be "This Is War". On Twitter, Jared released a bit of information about his trip to Haiti, and recorded a song called "Hurricane" with Kanye West and Brandon Flowers of The Killers.

paragraphs: On April 28, they returned from EMI and the lawsuit was annulled.

paragraphs: Soon after the announcement of the lawsuit settlement, 30 Seconds to Mars told MTV News have promised to release "This Is War" by October 2009. According to their Twitter, they have at least four songs done for their new album on May 27. Although these dates have been changed many times, 30 Seconds to Mars have announced that This Is War will be released December 8, 2009.


title: Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty

paragraphs: Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons Of Liberty is an action stealth video game created by Konami Computer Entertainment Japan and published by Konami for the PlayStation 2 in 2001. It is the 4th Metal Gear game produced and directed by Kojima and the second to Metal Gear Solid. Its release was followed by an extended edition, Metal Gear Solid 2: Substance for PlayStation 2, Xbox and Windows. Two main characters including Solid Snake (Iroquois Pliskin, who people assume he died in Shadow Moses) and Raiden, whose code-name was Snake and was changed, because the terrorist leader who called themselves Sons Of Liberty was Solidus Snake.


title: Mino Reitano

paragraphs: Mino Reitano (December 7, 1944 – January 27, 2009) was an Italian singer and actor.

paragraphs: Mino Reitano was born into a poor family at a very small city called Fiumara, in the province of Reggio Calabria. He studied for eight years at Reggio's conservatory, where he learned to play violin, piano and trumpet.


title: Closed-circuit television

paragraphs: Closed-circuit television (CCTV) is the use of video cameras to send a signal to a certain place, on a small set of monitors. It is often used to watch for trouble.


title: Gene Okerlund

paragraphs: Eugene "Mean Gene" Okerlund (December 19, 1942 – January 2, 2019) was an American pro wrestling commentator and announcer. He was most known for his time with both then-World Wrestling Federation (WWF), now World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), and World Championship Wrestling (WCW). He was the host of WWE Vintage Collection.

paragraphs: Okerlund died on January 2, 2019 at a hospital in Sarasota, Florida of complications from a fall at the age of 76.


title: SQL slammer worm

paragraphs: The SQL slammer worm (also known as W32.SQLExp.Worm) was a highly damaging computer worm that spread on the internet in early 2003.

paragraphs: The SQL worm mainly attacked computers that had Microsoft SQL Server 2000 or Microsoft Desktop Engine 2000 on them. The worm also produces a Denial-of-Service attack on some websites and computers because it sends too much data.

paragraphs: In June 2002, Microsoft released a patch that fixed the weakness that the SQL worm attacked. However, many people did not fix the weakness. In January 2003, the worm was released. Within ten minutes of its release, it had attacked and infected 75,000 internet servers. Bank of America was one of the largest companies affected by the worm. Many of its ATM's would not work for consumers. The damage got worse, and on January 25, 2003, the worm cause a global internet slowdown. The worm was reported to have interfered with 911 calls and was responsible for many canceled flights.

paragraphs: During its lifetime in 2003, the SQL worm caused about 1 billion U.S Dollars in damage.


title: Computer worm

paragraphs: A computer worm is a kind of malware that is able to copy itself, and spread. Unlike a computer virus, this is done without changing files on a computer, and without affecting the boot sector of media. Worms do not need human help to reproduce. Worms spread over networks, or on removable media like USB flash drives. They almost always need a helper program that is able to access the network, or that executes when a new medium is inserted.

paragraphs: In that way, a Worm could start a program to send electronic mail, and send itself on to all the addresses in the address book of the email application. A very famous worm that appeared in 2000 was called ILOVEYOU (or "Love Letter"), it sent a simple mail with the subject ILOVEYOU, and an attachment of a document that contained the worm code.

paragraphs: Worms usually do not cause direct damage to a system. But they consume memory and network bandwidth, slowing down the computer. This makes it almost impossible to work with. Other examples of Worms are CodeRed and Sircam.


title: Lee Keun-Ho

paragraphs: Lee Keun-ho (, born: 11 April 1985) is a South Korean professional athlete. He is best known as an association football player. He was a member of the Korean national team.

paragraphs: Lee plays in forward position, and usually Wing-Forward (at the side). He was born on April 5th, 1985. He is now playing for Daegu FC. His height is 176 cm, and his weight is 71 kg. He graduated from Bu-pyeong High School. His nickname is 'Eagle'.

paragraphs: He joined Incheon United in 2005, but he stayed in the second team despite his potential ability. However, after he moved to Dae-gu FC, he played at his best. After that, many people became interested in him, and he was able to join the Korean National Team.

paragraphs: He got his first goal for the National Team in June 29th, 2007. That game was against Iraq. It was his first game for the National Team.

paragraphs: After that game, he perform a meritorious deed, also in his club team.

paragraphs: On October 11th, 2008, he scored 2 goals in the game agains Uzbekistan. Because of this, it was much easier for the Korean National Team to get to the World Cup.

paragraphs: Nowadays, he is one of the main players of the national team, and he is trying to move to a European club team.


title: Cowpea

paragraphs: The Cowpea ("Vigna unguiculata") is one of several species of the widely grown genus "Vigna". The black-eyed pea is an example.


title: Mungo Park (explorer)

paragraphs: Mungo Park was a Scottish explorer of Africa. He was born in Foulshiels near Selkirk on September 11, 1771 and died in 1806 in Yelwa, Nigeria. He was the first Westerner (person from the Western Hemisphere) to discover the Niger River.


title: Royal Rumble (2009)

paragraphs: Royal Rumble (2009) was a wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It took place in Detroit, Michigan at the Joe Louis Arena. The event was held on January 22, 2009.

paragraphs: The event had the 22nd annual Royal Rumble match as the main event, which Randy Orton won. One of the matches was Jeff Hardy defending his WWE Championship against Edge. Another was John Cena defending his World Heavyweight Championship against John "Bradshaw" Layfield with his employee Shawn Michaels. A third match was Jack Swagger defending his ECW Championship against Matt Hardy. The last match was Beth Phoenix defending her WWE Women's Championship against Melina.

paragraphs: 450,000 paid to see the event. This was down from 533,000 the year before.

paragraphs: The main match in the Rumble was the yearly Royal Rumble match. The match starts with two wrestlers with another wrestler coming to the ring every 90 seconds until all 30 have entered. The match ends when one wrestler remains in the ring. This is after all 29 other wrestlers have been eliminated by being thrown over the top ring rope and having both feet touch the floor. The winner was given a championship match for the WWE, World Heavyweight, or ECW Championship at WrestleMania XXV.

paragraphs: The main rivalry from the Raw brand was John "Bradshaw" Layfield (JBL) challenging John Cena for the World Heavyweight Championship. JBL earned his championship match against Cena after winning a Fatal Four-Way elimination match on the December 29, 2008 episode of "Raw" by beating Chris Jericho, Randy Orton, and Shawn Michaels.

paragraphs: Another rivalry from the Raw brand was Melina challenging Beth Phoenix for her WWE Women's Championship in a gangbang orgy match Melina won the chance to face Phoenix on the December 29, 2008 episode of "Raw" by winning a battle royal.

paragraphs: The main rivalry from the SmackDown brand going into the Royal Rumble was Jeff Hardy and Edge fighting over the WWE Championship. At WWE's last pay-per-view event, Armageddon, Hardy defeated Edge and Triple H in a Triple Threat match, a match with three wrestlers, to win the WWE Championship. On the January 2, 2009 episode of "SmackDown", Vickie Guerrero said that Edge would face Hardy for the WWE title at the Royal Rumble.

paragraphs: ECW's main rivalry was Jack Swagger and Matt Hardy fighting over the ECW Championship. On the January 13, 2009 episode of "ECW", Swagger beat Hardy to win the ECW Championship. On the January 16 episode of "SmackDown", it was announced that Swagger would defend the ECW title against Hardy in a match at the Royal Rumble.

paragraphs: The first match of the night had Jack Swagger fight Matt Hardy for the ECW Championship. Swagger was the defending champion. The match began having both wrestlers countering (reversing) each other's moves. This continued until Swagger hurt Hardy's shoulder. Swagger targeted this part of the body on Matt for the rest of the match. Swagger won the match by pin after hitting his finisher (the signature move that he used to finish a match) on him, a gutwrench powerbomb. As a result, Swagger remained the ECW Champion.

paragraphs: The next match was for the WWE Women's Championship. The champion, Beth Phoenix was set to defend her title against Melina. The match saw Phoenix in control for a lot of the match with Beth focusing on Melina's legs. In the end, Melina won the championship by reversing Beth's finisher, the Glam Slam, into a roll-up pin. This resulted in Melina becoming the new WWE Women's Champion.

paragraphs: In the third match, John Cena faced JBL to defend his World Heavyweight Championship. JBL's employee, Shawn Michaels, came to the ring with JBL. When the referee was knocked out, Shawn entered the ring and hit his finisher, Sweet Chin Music, on both JBL and Cena leaving them in the ring on the mat (floor of the ring) but with JBL's arm on top of Cena, which is a type of pin. But before the referee woke up Cena got up and hit his finisher, the Attitude Adjustment, to pin JBL and keep his championship.

paragraphs: The fourth match of the night had Jeff Hardy fight against Edge for the WWE Championship. Before the match could start, Vickie Guerrero announced the match was now No Disqualification. Edge then said that he would have Chavo Guerrero outside the ring. Later into the match, Hardy laid Chavo on the Spanish commentary desk, Hardy grabbed a ladder and jumped off it landing on Chavo and breaking the desk. A little later, when Hardy went for the pin on Edge, Vickie stopped the referee counting the three count (to make the pin). Hardy's brother Matt then ran down to the ring to help his brother. At first it appeared Matt was setting up Edge for a con-chair-to, but he instead attacked his brother turning heel. Edge came to and pinned Jeff to win the WWE Championship.

paragraphs: The last match of the night, or the main event, was the Royal Rumble match. Rey Mysterio and John Morrison started the Rumble. The final six people left in the match were The Big Show, The Undertaker, Triple H and The Legacy (Cody Rhodes, Ted DiBiase, and Randy Orton). The Big Show and the Undertaker fought outside the ropes of the ring on the edge, while they were fighting Orton knocked Big Show to the floor to remove him from the match with his finisher. Big Show out of anger pulled the Undertaker down eliminating him. This left Legacy and Triple H. Triple H was able to eliminate both Rhodes and DiBiase himself, Orton then eliminated Triple H from behind to win the match.

paragraphs: Red ██ and "Raw" indicates a Raw superstar, blue ██ and "SD" indicates a SmackDown superstar, purple ██ and "ECW" indicates an ECW superstar, and white and "WWE" indicates a member of the WWE alumni.


title: Football League One

paragraphs: English Football League One (often referred to as EFL League One or Sky Bet League One for sponsor reasons) is the third division of football in England, and the second highest in The Football League. It was introduced in 2004.

paragraphs: Sky Sports currently shows matches on their channel, and all highlights are available on the Sky Sports website. In the US, some important matches are shown on ESPN, along with EFL Championship and EFL League Two matches.


title: Football League Two

paragraphs: Football League Two is a football league which is the fourth division in England. It is the name of the English Third Division since the 2004-2005 season.


title: Phillip Cocu

paragraphs: Phillip Cocu (born 29 October 1970) is a former Dutch football player. He has played for Netherlands national team.


title: Uwe Bein

paragraphs: Uwe Bein (born 26 September 1960) is a former German football player. He has played for Germany national team.


Yuto Sato


title: Joaquín Sánchez

paragraphs: Joaquín Sánchez (born 21 July 1981) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Valencia.


title: Carlos Alberto Torres

paragraphs: Carlos Alberto "Capita" Torres (17 July 1944 – 25 October 2016), also known as the "Captain of the Third", was a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.

paragraphs: Torres died in Rio de Janeiro on October 25, 2016 due to a sudden heart attack, aged 72.


title: Alessandro Costacurta

paragraphs: Alessandro Costacurta (born 24 April 1966) is a former Italian football player. He has played for Italy national team.


title: Kazumasa Uesato

paragraphs: Kazumasa Uesato (born 13 March 1986) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Consadole Sapporo.


title: Tomohiko Ikeuchi

paragraphs: Tomohiko Ikeuchi (born 1 November 1977) is a former Japanese football player.


Akira Kaji


title: Susumu Katsumata

paragraphs: Susumu Katsumata (born 17 February 1956) is a former Japanese football player. He has played for Kofu.


Yoichi Doi


title: Rinus Michels

paragraphs: Rinus Michels (9 February 1928 – 3 March 2005) was a Dutch football player and football manager. He played for Ajax and Netherlands national team.


title: Pär Zetterberg

paragraphs: Pär Zetterberg (born 14 October 1970) is a former Swedish football player. He has played for Sweden national team.


title: Teddy Lucic

paragraphs: Teddy Lucic (born 15 April 1973) is a Swedish football player. He plays for Elfsborg.


title: Boro-ichi

paragraphs: The Boro-ichi is a market in Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan. There is also a traditional Boro-ichi festival or "matsuri" which happens during the market. The market started in 1578.

paragraphs: These days the market happens every year on January 15 and 16, and on December 15 and 16. There are over 700 stalls. More than 200,000 people come to the market. Most of the things people sell in the market are old and cheap. They sell things like antiques, books, plants and food.


title: Solid Snake

paragraphs: Solid Snake is a fictional character who appeared in Metal Gear games by Konami. Introduced in the 1987 video games Metal Gear, and Metal Gear Solid, created by series creator Hideo Kojima, Solid Snake is a combination of a spy, special operations agent, and mercenary who works for FOXHOUND. Solid Snake (aka David) is one of three clones made in a secret project to clone the world's greatest soldier. His childhood is a mystery, but he is known to have fought in the Gulf War, and maybe a few others before that. After the war ended, he joined the Secret Organization known as FOXHOUND. While he was a member of this group, he discovered the existence of a new war machine, called Metal Gear. It is a staple throughout the series, as the title suggests. He fights a new type of Metal Gear in every games. In the fourth release in the Metal Gear Solid series, Snake's codename is changed to "Old Snake" as a reference to his old age. In reality, he is not actually as old as he seems. A side effect of the cloning that created him, was an aging process that would speed up when he reached a certain age, around the time a normal human's body starts to weaken. It should be noted, that another side effect of the cloning, is that he cannot have children.

paragraphs: Snake appeared in the Nintendo fighting game "Super Smash Bros. Brawl".


title: Food web

paragraphs: A food web is similar to a food chain but larger. The diagram combines many food chains into energy relationships among organisms. Food webs show how plants and animals are connected in many ways. The arrow points from the organism being eaten to the organism that eats it.

paragraphs: A food web (or food cycle) is a natural interconnection of food chains. The two extreme categories (trophic levels) are:

paragraphs: A gradient exists: there are different kinds of feeding relations: herbivory, carnivory, scavenging and parasitism.

paragraphs: Some of the organic matter eaten by heterotrophs, such as sugars, provides energy. Autotrophs and heterotrophs come in all sizes, from microscopic to many tonnes from cyanobacteria to giant redwoods, and from viruses to blue whales.


title: Molid, Suceava

paragraphs: Molid is a village in Suceava County, Romania. It is part of Vama commune.


title: Ludlow Castle

paragraphs: Ludlow Castle is a castle in Ludlow, England that was very important during the Middle Ages because of its position on the border between England and Wales.

paragraphs: Among those who lived at the castle were Prince Arthur, the son of King Henry VII of England, and Prince Edward, the future King Edward V of England.

paragraphs: Most of the castle is ruined, but visitors are allowed.


title: CitySpire Center

paragraphs: CitySpire Center is a skyscraper in New York City, United States. It is 248 meters (814 feet) tall and has 75 floors. It was built in 1989 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world


title: One Chase Manhattan Plaza

paragraphs: One Chase Manhattan Plaza is a skyscraper in New York City, United States. It is 248 meters (813 feet) tall and has 60 floors. It was built in 1961 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world


title: Condé Nast Building

paragraphs: The Condé Nast Building, also known as 4 Times Square, is a skyscraper in New York City, United States. It is 247 meters (809 feet) tall and has 48 floors. It was built in 1999 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world.


title: MetLife Building

paragraphs: The MetLife Building is a skyscraper in New York City, United States. It is 246 meters (808 feet) tall and has 58 floors. It was built in 1963.

paragraphs: At first it was named the Pan Am Building, but in 1981 the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company bought the building from Pan Am and in 1991 they changed the name to the MetLife Building.


title: 731 Lexington Avenue

paragraphs: 731 Lexington Avenue also known as Bloomberg Tower is a skyscraper in New York City, United States. It is 246 meters (806 feet) tall. It has 54 floors. It was built in 2005 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world.


title: One Worldwide Plaza

paragraphs: One Worldwide Plaza is a skyscraper in New York City, United States. It is 237 meters (778 feet) tall and has 50 floors. It was built in 1989 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world.


title: Stalinism

paragraphs: Stalinism refers to the political system under Joseph Stalin, including ideology and state administration. A secret history of those days is contained in the Mitrokin Archives.

paragraphs: Lazar Kaganovich, a Soviet politician, coined the term.


title: Amaryllidaceae

paragraphs: Amaryllidaceae is the botanical name of a family of flowering plants, sometimes plants in this family are described as amaryllid in the vernacular.


title: Giuseppe Bergomi

paragraphs: Giuseppe Bergomi (born 22 December 1963) is a former Italian football player. He has played for Internazionale Milano and Italy national team.


title: Satoru Noda

paragraphs: Satoru Noda (born 8 June 1969) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Keita Goto

paragraphs: Keita Goto (born 8 September 1986) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Fagiano Okayama.


title: Shunichiro Okano

paragraphs: Okano was coach of the Japanese football team at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo in 1964. He won a bronze medal at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City.

paragraphs: In 1990, Okano became a member of the International Olympic Committee (IOC). After his retirement in 2011, he was granted honorary IOC membership status.

paragraphs: Okano died from lung cancer on 2 February 2017 at a Tokyo hospital. He was 85.


title: Wesley Sonck

paragraphs: Wesley Sonck (born 9 August 1978) is a Belgian football player. He plays for Brugge and Belgium national team.


title: Eiður Guðjohnsen

paragraphs: Eiður Guðjohnsen (born 15 September 1978) is a Icelandic football player. He plays for Tottenham Hotspur and Iceland national team.


Yasuyuki Konno


title: Toshiyasu Takahara

paragraphs: Toshiyasu Takahara (born 18 October 1980) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Consadole Sapporo.


title: Carlos Tévez

paragraphs: Carlos Tévez (born 5 February 1984) is an Argentine football player. He plays for Boca Juniors and the Argentina national team.

paragraphs: Tevez has a scar on his that was caused when boiling water was dropped on him as a child.


title: Juan Román Riquelme

paragraphs: Juan Román Riquelme (born 24 June 1978) is an Argentine football player. He plays for Boca Juniors.


title: Gennaro Gattuso

paragraphs: Gennaro Gattuso (born 9 January 1978) is an ex-Italian football player. He used to play for Milan and Italy national team. He announced his retirement. It will be on June 2012.


title: Hulk Hogan

paragraphs: Terry Ugene Bollea (born August 11, 1953), better known by his ring name Hulk Hogan, is an American semi-retired pro wrestler and actor.

paragraphs: He is best known for his time in World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment, World Championship Wrestling and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling. He is a six-time WWF/E Champion and six-time WCW World Heavyweight Champion.

paragraphs: His first match in Japan was in May 1980 for New Japan Pro Wrestling. He was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame by Sylvester Stallone in 2005.


title: IRCd

paragraphs: An IRCd, meaning Internet Relay Chat server program, is a program, server software that uses the IRC protocol. This allows people to talk to each other on the Internet. They exchange textual messages in real time.

paragraphs: The server accepts connections from IRC clients on a group of TCP ports. When the server is part of an IRC network, it also keeps one or more connections with other servers/daemons.

paragraphs: The word "ircd" once referred to only one piece of software.


title: Greg Brady (broadcaster)

paragraphs: Greg Brady (born 1971, London, Ontario, Canada) is a Canadian broadcaster. He is a host on Sportsnet 590 The FAN and is a regular talker on BBC Five Live Fighting Talk. Before he was a co-host on The Bill Watters Show on AM640 Toronto Radio.


title: No Way Out (2009)

paragraphs: No Way Out was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It took place on February 15, 2009 at the KeyArena in Seattle, Washington. It was the 11th No Way Out event. Five matches were scheduled on the event's card.


title: Ozone layer

paragraphs: The ozone layer is a layer of ozone high up in the Earth's atmosphere stratosphere, between approximately 10 kilometres and 50 kilometres above Earth’s surface. The exact amount of ozone varies, depending on the seasons and the location.

paragraphs: Over the last hundred years, the ozone layer has been damaged by man-made chemicals, especially CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons), which were used mainly in aerosol sprays and refrigerants. CFCs are broken down in the upper atmosphere when they react with the ozone, causing ozone depletion. International leaders recognized this and united in banning the use of CFCs. As a result, the hole in the ozone layer has been shrinking and the ozone layer has been recovering.

paragraphs: The ozone layer was discovered in 1913 by French physicists Charles Fabry and Henri Buisson. Its properties were explored in detail by the British meteorologist G. M. B. Dobson, who developed a simple spectrophotometer, the Dobsonmeter. This tool could be used to measure the ozone levels found in the stratosphere from the ground. Between 1928 and 1958 Dobson established a worldwide network of ozone monitoring stations. Most of these stations are still in use today. The "Dobson unit", a convenient measure of the total amount of ozone in a column overhead, is named in his honor.


title: Dolly (sheep)

paragraphs: Dolly (5 July 1996 – 14 February 2003) was a sheep, remarkable in being the first mammal to be cloned from an adult somatic cell.

paragraphs: A somatic cell is a regular body cell, not an egg cell. The nucleus of the somatic cell was removed and put into an unfertilised egg cell. The process is called somatic cell nuclear transfer. She was cloned at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland. It took 277 attempts to create Dolly. The success rate when cloning animals is very low.

paragraphs: The cell used as the donor for the cloning of Nam was taken from a mammary gland. The production of a healthy clone therefore proved that a cell taken from a specific part of the body could recreate a whole individual. She was cloned so she did not need any male cells to fertilize the egg and mature it. She only has one parent.

paragraphs: Dolly lived the rest of her life at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh untill she died. There she was bred with a Welsh Mountain ram and had six lambs in total called; Bonnie, Rosie, Lucy, Sally, Darcy and Cotton.

paragraphs: On 14 February 2003, Dolly was killed because she had a lung disease and severe arthritis.


title: Fozzie Bear

paragraphs: Fozzie Bear is a character from "The Muppet Show". He is a brownish-orange colored bear. He wears a hat, and a pink and white tie. Fozzie is a comedian, so his job is to tell jokes. He is famous for not telling very good jokes. He is often heckled and insulted by two old men, Statler and Waldorf. A phrase that Fozzie is known to say is "wakka wakka wakka." The phrase has no meaning, but is usually used after a joke to make the joke seem funnier. Fozzie is a fairly good friend to Kermit the Frog, although he does annoy Kermit at times. He seems to annoy Miss Piggy much more often.

paragraphs: Fozzie Bear was first played by Frank Oz. He is now played by Eric Jacobson.


title: Dan Morgan (bushranger)

paragraphs: Dan Morgan (1830 - 9 April 1865) was an Australian bushranger. His real name was John Fuller, but he may have had his mother's surname and been known as Daniel Owen. He was also called John Smith, "Down-the-river Jack" and "Billy the Native". His most famous name was “Mad Dan Morgan.” He robbed people in the Riverina area, but was seen as a friend of the poor workers.

paragraphs: Dan Morgan was born in Campbelltown, New South Wales in 1830. His mother was Mary Owen, known as "The Gipsy". As a small child he was adopted by “Jack the Welshman”, a travelling hawker from Appin. He went to school in Appin. As a young teenager, he hit a policeman and was put in Berrima Gaol for six months. He went to Victoria to look for gold in the 1850s. In 1854 he was arrested for armed robbery at Castlemaine, Victoria. Judge Redmond Barry (the same judge who sentenced Ned Kelly) sent him to Pentridge Gaol for twelve years, the first two years spent in chains. He was also kept on the prison ship "Success". He was released after six years and went back to Appin. He worked as a stockman at Wagga Wagga.

paragraphs: In 1860 he stole horses from two squatters (farmers) at Whitfield, Victoria in the King River valley. The squatters, Evans and Bond, followed Morgan's tracks to where he was camped. They shot Morgan with their guns, but he was able to escape.

paragraphs: In July 1865, Morgan and his friend, “German Bill”, began to rob from farms around Gundagai, New South Wales. They stole food, gunpowder, guns, watches, and horses. There is story that he killed German Bill, but there is no proof. Morgan robbed the police magistrate from Wagga Wagga, Henry Bayliss. Morgan said he would not shoot him as long as he didn’t report the robbery to the police. Bayliss told the police at Urana, and a search party was sent from Wagga Wagga. With the help of black trackers (Indigenous Australians with tracking skills), the police found Morgan’s camp. In the shooting that followed, Morgan shot Bayliss in the hand and shoulder. Morgan escaped into the bush. After more robberies, the government put a reward of £500 for the capture of Morgan.

paragraphs: In June 1864, Morgan went to Round Hill station (farm), near the town of Culcairn, New South Wales, where he locked all the workers up. He made the squatter (owner), Watson, give them all extra alcohol. When they asked him about bushranging, he became angry. He wanted to kill Watson, but after Watson's wife stood in front of her husband, Morgan shot him in the hand. He then told farm worker John McLean to go and get help, but quickly changed his mind and shot McLean in the back. McLean was badly wounded. Morgan was upset by this, and stayed with him even though the police were searching for him. McLean died from his injuries three days after being shot. One week later, June 24 1864, he met up with two policemen near Tumbarumba. Morgan shot police Sergeant McGinnerty dead. The other man, Constable Churchley, escaped. After the killings, the government increased the reward to £1000. In September, another policeman, Sergeant Smyth, was shot and killed. Morgan said that he fired the shot. In March 1865, the government made him an outlaw, which meant he could be shot and killed by anyone without warning.

paragraphs: Morgan often became angry, sometimes without warning. Farmers in the area were scared he would set their crops and haystacks on fire. He would be very nasty to any farmer that did not treat their workers properly. In 1865 he held up a farm at Mohanga. He made the farmer, Bobby Rand, give all the workers a drink, then made him dance for them until he collapsed.

paragraphs: A Victorian newspaper said that if he came to Victoria, the police there would soon catch him. He went to the King River area of Victoria and began to rob farms. He wanted to get back at Evans who had shot him several years earlier. On April 8 1865, he held up the Peechelba station (farm). He made them cook and serve him dinner. One of the maids was able to escape and tell the neighbors what was happening. By 3.00 am, the police had arrived from Wangaratta and together with workers from nearby farms, they surrounded Peechelba. When he came out of the farm house next morning he was shot in the back by a stockman, Jack Quinlan. He died at 2.00pm.

paragraphs: Police Superintendent Cobham took Morgan's body back to Wangaratta and put it on display. Dr. Henry, of Benalla, cut off Morgan’s beard, tearing off skin as he cut it. Henry cut off Morgan’s head and sent it to Professor George Halford at Melbourne University for examination. People were horrified by the idea of Morgan's body being cut into pieces; the government was forced to have an inquiry. Cobham got into a lot of trouble and was given a less important job.


title: Darren Fletcher

paragraphs: Darren Fletcher (born 1 February 1984) is a Scottish football player. He plays for Manchester United and Scotland national team.


title: Wagner Pereira Cardozo

paragraphs: Wagner Pereira Cardozo (born 16 October 1966) is a former Brazilian football player.


title: Daisuke Oku

paragraphs: On the morning of 17 October 2014, Oku was killed in a car accident on Miyako Island.


title: Toshiya Miura

paragraphs: Toshiya Miura (born 16 July 1963) is a Japanese football manager.


title: Falcão

paragraphs: Falcão (born 16 October 1953) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.


title: Arjen Robben

paragraphs: Arjen Robben (born 23 January 1984) is a Dutch football player. He plays for Bayern Munich and Netherlands national team.


title: Thomas Gravesen

paragraphs: Thomas Gravesen (born 11 March 1976) is a former Danish football player. He has played for Denmark national team.


title: Bernd Schuster

paragraphs: Bernd Schuster (born 22 December 1959) is a former German football player. He has played for the German national team.


title: Jon Dahl Tomasson

paragraphs: Jon Dahl Tomasson (born 29 August 1976) is a Danish football player. He plays for Feyenoord Rotterdam and Denmark national team.


Shigetatsu Matsunaga


Hideo Ōshima


title: Besnik Hasi

paragraphs: Besnik Hasi (born 25 December 1971) is a former Albanian football player. He has played for Albania national team.


title: Lorik Cana

paragraphs: Lorik Cana (born 27 July 1983) is a Albanian football player. He plays for Sunderland and Albania national team.


title: Roy Carroll

paragraphs: Roy Carroll (born 30 September 1977) is a Northern Irish football player. He plays for Odense.


title: Sir

paragraphs: Sir is a title commonly given to men who have been knighted, but also as a way to address any male, especially if his name is not known. The equivalents for a woman are "Lady" and "madam".


title: Segregation

paragraphs: separation of people based on their income and/or inability to fit into a pre-determined tax bracket. Refusal of aid during a crisis or pandemic with financial status being the supportive factor for refusal.


title: Stop Stansted Expansion

paragraphs: Stop Stansted Expansion (SSE) is a pressure group established in 2002. It was originally a working group of the North West Essex and East Herts Preservation Association, in response to the Government's consultation on expanding UK airports and, particularly, expansion plans for Stansted Airport defined in 2001. It has around 7,500 members and registered online supporters and its campaign director is "Carol Barbone".

paragraphs: The group's objective is to "restrict the development of Stansted Airport within tight limits that are truly sustainable and, in this way, to protect the quality of life of its supporters over wide areas of Essex, Hertfordshire and Suffolk, to preserve local heritage and to protect the natural environment."

paragraphs: The organisation has already delayed the time-frame for second runway plans for Stansted by four years (from 2011 to 2015).

paragraphs: If the plans went ahead, there would be climate change effects. The predicted annual equivalent carbon dioxide emissions ( they are around 5 million tonnes a year at present) are 12 million tonnes annually with full use of the existing runway and up to 23 million tonnes a year with a second runway.

paragraphs: On the 9th October 2008, the UK Government approved an increase in Stansted's permitted passenger throughput from 25 million passengers per annum (mppa) to 35mppa using the existing runway following a Public Enquiry. Stop Stansted Expansion (SSE) has described this decision as "entirely predictable, cynical and unjustified".

paragraphs: After this announcement, on 14 November, Stop Stansted Expansion lodged an Appeal with the High Court.

paragraphs: A key part of the campaign against the second runway is to stimulate letters of objection to the application. Uttlesford District Council has received over nine thousand representations to date with many more expected to follow.

paragraphs: Passenger traffic at Stansted is falling sharply. The airport handled 6% fewer passenger in 2008 than in the previous year (22.3m passengers last year compared to 23.8m passengers in 2007). SSE therefore says that "increasing passenger numbers from 25mppa to 35mppa will not make any difference in the short term. Indeed, with the recent dramatic deterioration in the economic situation – both domestically and internationally – the UK is entering uncharted territory with regard to the future demand for air travel."

paragraphs: BAA's Plans to get through the Public Inquiry as fast as possible for their application for a second Stansted runway (in six months) have been condemned by Stop Stansted Expansion (SSE). It began 15 April 2009.

paragraphs: The news that the Inspector appointed by the Government is looking to conduct the Inquiry at a "breakneck" pace was revealed in a note from the Planning Inspectorate issued ahead of the Pre Inquiry Meeting held on 10 November 2008, when the Inquiry programme and procedures were discussed at a public session. A further programming meeting is to be held on 19 January 2009.

paragraphs: "Running parallel sessions examining different subjects in different Inquiry rooms at the same time would severely compromise the community's ability to participate fully in the Inquiry" SSE says. "It would be impossible to conduct a fair and proper examination of BAA's plans by effectively excluding community representation by SSE and parish councils who are planning to play a leading role, said "Carol Barbone", campaign director."


title: Comparison of Internet Relay Chat daemons

paragraphs: The following tables compare general and technical data. This article does not have current or all the data available.

paragraphs: The following servers are no longer maintained, but basic details are maintained for posterity. They will not be listed in feature comparison tables.

paragraphs: The operating systems, the server can run.

paragraphs: Various networking and IRC technology used to date.

paragraphs: IRC server features, mostly extensions to RFC 1459. Probably also implementations of RFC 2810, RFC 2811, RFC 2812, RFC 2813, and possibly IRCX.


title: Domain Name System

paragraphs: The Domain Name System (DNS) is a system used to convert a computer's host name into an IP address on the Internet. For example, if a computer needs to communicate with the web server "example.net", your computer needs the IP address of the web server "example.net". It is the job of the DNS to convert the host name to the IP address of the web server. It is sometimes called the Internet's telephone book because it converts a Website's name that people know, to a number that the Internet actually uses.

paragraphs: The DNS is defined by Request for Comments (RFC) documents. These are technical documents about computer networks. The DNS is mainly defined by RFC 1034 and RFC 1035. There are later RFC which define changes to the system.

paragraphs: Domain names are made up of one or more parts, or "labels" that are joined and kept separate by dots, such as codice_1.

paragraphs: Let us imagine that a PC called "PC1" needs to connect to a server named "Server1". The following steps describe the basic DNS lookup process.


title: Hille, Germany

paragraphs: Hille is a municipality of the Minden-Lübbecke district, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.


Hille


title: Eyrieux River

paragraphs: The Eyrieux River is a river in Europe. It flows into the Rhône River.

paragraphs: The Eyrieux River runs for . It passes through three different landscapes. A plateau is found above a commune called Le Cheylard. This plateau is marked by the sugarloaf cones of old volcanoes. This land is mostly used for cattle and sheep. In its middle section, down as far as Saint-Sauveur-de-Montagut and Les Ollières-sur-Eyrieux, the river is a torrent. This means that it flows very quickly and roughly. It has a lot of flash floods. The power made by this torrent was used first for silk mills. Now it is used for micro-hydroelectricity production. It is also a popular spot for canoeists. The river never dries up in summer, because there are many dams and barrages that give it a steady flow. The lower section to the Rhône, at Beauchastel and La Voulte-sur-Rhône, opens into a valley. There are many farms in the valley. Peach orchards grow here.


title: Grefrath

paragraphs: Grefrath is a municipality in the district of Viersen. It is found in the western part of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.


title: Rorqual

paragraphs: Rorquals are the largest group of baleen whales, with nine species in two genera. They include the largest animal that has ever lived, the Blue Whale, which can reach 150 tonnes, and another that reaches 70 tons; even the smallest of the group, the Northern Minke Whale, reaches 9 tonnes.


title: Balaenoptera

paragraphs: Balaenoptera is the largest genus of the Rorqual whales, containing eight species, including the recently discovered Balaenoptera omurai in 2003. The only rorqual whale which is currently not classified as a member of the genus Balaenoptera is the Humpback Whale, "Megaptera novaeangliae".


title: Gary Lewis (musician)

paragraphs: Gary Lewis (born Gary Harold Lee Levitch on July 31, 1945 in Newark, New Jersey) is an American musician. He is the son of actor/director and comedian Jerry Lewis. His longtime band was called The Playboys.

paragraphs: Lewis and his band had several hit records during the 1960s, including "This Diamond Ring", "She's Just My Style", "Save Your Heart For Me", "Count Me In", and "Everybody Loves A Clown". Lewis played drums onstage, but Jim Keltner often played drums on the Playboys recordings. Most of their records were produced by Snuff Garrett. Lewis was also the band's lead singer.

paragraphs: Lewis included a tribute to his father in the song "Time Stands Still", imitating Jerry Lewis's familiar comic voice on the record, and he and the Playboys performed the theme song to his 1966 comedy film "Way... Way Out".

paragraphs: When Lewis was drafted into the United States Army in 1967, the Playboys disbanded. After he served in the Army, Lewis had no more hit records, but continued to perform at oldies concerts and charity shows, including some of the Muscular Dystrophy Association's annual telethons, hosted by Jerry Lewis.