title: Phonon

paragraphs: In physics, a phonon is a quantized lattice vibration. The word quantized is used in physics to mean that only certain values of something are allowed. Something that is quantized can be thought of as stairs; you can only move from step to step and you can't stand in between steps. Something that is not quantized can be thought of as a ramp or smooth incline; you can move any distance up or down. A lattice is the repeating or periodic structure of a crystal. A crystal is made up of atoms or molecules in a certain pattern. The points on the pattern at which the atoms or molecules are located is the lattice. Solids, liquids, and gases can all experience vibrations. A vibration being quantized means that only certain frequencies of vibrations are allowed.

paragraphs: Intuitively, there is no reason for lattice vibrations to be quantized. The macroscopic or large-scale vibrations of a material are not quantized and can take on essentially any frequency. It is only when we consider the tiny vibrations of the particles that make up a material—atoms and molecules—that the concept of quantization and phonons becomes important. To understand why phonons exist, complicated quantum mechanics is needed. Without going into too much detail, the interactions between the constituent atoms or molecules of a crystal are analyzed quantum mechanically. Because of their arrangement in a pattern that repeats, when one arrives at a mathematical expression for the frequency of oscillation, one finds that there are only distinct quantized values allowed. There is unfortunately no simple way to explain this.


title: Dynamo Moscow

paragraphs: Dynamo Moscow may refer to one of the following Dynamo sports clubs in Moscow. In Soviet time all of them were parts of the All-Union Dynamo Sports Club.


title: HC Dynamo Moscow

paragraphs: Dynamo Moscow () is a Russian professional ice hockey club based in Moscow. They are members of the Bobrov Division in the Kontinental Hockey League.


title: Thunder Bay Thunder Cats

paragraphs: The Thunder Bay Thunder Cats was the name of the Rockford IceHogs of the UHL (now the International Hockey League) prior to moving to Rockford. The team went through a number of different names prior to being the Thunder Cats, including the Thunder Bay Thunder Hawks and the Thunder Bay Senators.

paragraphs: After the success of the 5-time Allan Cup champion Thunder Bay Twins, the Colonial Hockey League took interest in expanding to the Northwestern Ontario city. In 1991, the Colonial league introduced the Thunder Bay Thunder Hawks, spelling the end of the 21-year Twins franchise that stepped aside for the new Semi-Pro team. In 1993, the team changed its name to the Thunder Bay Senators to reflect the teams affiliation with the National Hockey League's Ottawa Senators. Soon after, the CoHL changed its name to the United Hockey League and in 1996 the team became the Thunder Bay Thunder Cats.

paragraphs: After eight seasons in Thunder Bay, the Thunder Cats were bought, moved to Rockford, Illinois, and renamed the Rockford IceHogs in 1999.


title: Parser

paragraphs: In computer science, a parser is a program that checks to see if the grammar is valid.


title: Lymington Branch Line

paragraphs: The Lymington branch line is a short line running between Brockenhurst and Lymington Pier. The line is operated by South West Trains. There is a station in between called Lymington Town. The short length of track between Lymington Town and Lymington Pier has a line speed of 20mph.

paragraphs: The two preserved 421cig units make the line a popluar destination for rail-fans. Unit 1497 "Freshwater" was painted in British Rail White and Blue while 1498 "Farringford" was painted in BR Green. The units were given names of places on the Isle of Wight as they only ran on this line. Until 22 May 22 2010 they were the only EMU slamdoor units still in operation anywhere in Britain.

paragraphs: The line is now operated by 158/9 sprinter units. This means the 750Volt DC electric has no longer got a use. This may seem strange as most parts of the country are electrifiying lines. The reason for this is that "450 units" have 4 cars which are too long for Lymington Town Station. And South West Trains are not willing to remove a coach from a 450 unit. The only solution then is to use DMU 3 car sprinter units.


title: HQ9+

paragraphs: HQ9+ is a joke programming language made by Cliff L. Biffle in 2001. It has four "operations":


title: Quine

paragraphs: A quine is a special kind of computer program, which accepts no inputs and outputs its own source code. They are named after the philosopher Willard Van Orman Quine.

paragraphs: Quine was very interested in the "liar paradox", "this statement is false", which can't be either true or false. This paradox appears in lots of other places. In the mathematics of set theory it is called Russell's paradox, it is a set which contains sets which don't contain themselves.

paragraphs: All of those examples before Quine were 'self-referential'. This means that they define an object in terms of itself, like the liar paradox starting with the words "this statement". Lots of people thought that you could ignore the liar paradox if you just decided to ignore all self-referential statements. Quine saw that you would also have to ignore "quotation", which is the process that happens when you put a phrase in quote marks. When you "say" a phrase, you are talking about its meaning; but when you "quote" a phrase, you are talking about that phrase, and not what it means.

paragraphs: Quine's paradox was, '"Yields falsehood when preceded by its quotation" yields falsehood when preceded by its quotation.' This is a more complicated liar paradox which is not self-referential. It is a simple statement about some phrase, telling you what happens when you write a statement where you write the phrase in quote marks and then write the phrase again outside of them.

paragraphs: Most programming languages have quotation too: you can put quotes around some code and then the computer does not "run" that code, but instead just "stores" it as a string.

paragraphs: The trick to writing a quine involves writing a string which somehow has a "hole" in it, then outputting that string, with the "hole" filled in with its own quotation. For example in Python the function which quotes a string is called codice_1, and the codice_2 operator fills in a hole which is written as codice_3 in the string, while converting codice_4 to codice_2:

paragraphs: Or in JavaScript, we can use codice_6 to quote an array, and the "hole" can be the space between the two array elements:

paragraphs: In CoffeeScript you can write a quine as a phrase followed by its own quotation, which looks a lot like Quine's paradox:


title: ELIZA

paragraphs: ELIZA is an early program able to process natural language. ELIZA operated by processing users' responses to "scripts". The most famous script was called DOCTOR. It was a simulation of a Rogerian psychotherapist. Eliza didn't know much about thought or emotion. However, DOCTOR sometimes provided conversation like a human. ELIZA was written at MIT by Joseph Weizenbaum between 1964 to 1966.

paragraphs: When the person used words that were not in the very small list,

paragraphs: DOCTOR might say, for example, responding to "My head hurts", "Why do you say your head hurts?" The response to "My mother hates me" might be "Who else in your family hates you?" ELIZA was programmed using simple pattern matching techniques, but was taken seriously by several of its users, even after Weizenbaum explained to them how it worked. It was one of the first chatterbots in existence.


title: GNU Emacs

paragraphs: GNU Emacs (short for Editing Macros) is a text editor that is common on many UNIX-based operating systems.

paragraphs: Emacs is made powerful by Emacs Lisp, a built-in programming language that lets the user extend the capabilities of the editor.

paragraphs: A common Emacs joke is that all of the functions of the editor are crazy weird keystrokes (such as "control-meta-4 shift-left-P-semicolon-F1" to do something simple like cut and paste text). In reality, though, these keystrokes are relatively simple, though they can take some getting used to.

paragraphs: There is an Internet turf war between programmers that prefer Emacs and programmers that prefer Vim (or Vi), another common text editor.


title: Bacillus anthracis

paragraphs: Bacillus anthracis is a gram-positive rod-shaped bacterium, 11.2µm in width and 3–5µm in length. It is the agent which causes anthrax.

paragraphs: The bacillus lives in soils worldwide at moderate temperatures. It can be grown in aerobic or anaerobic conditions (it is a facultative anaerobe) in a medium with essential nutrients, including carbon and nitrogen sources. In 1877, this organism was the first to be shown to cause disease by Robert Koch and verified by Louis Pasteur.


title: George Bancroft

paragraphs: George Bancroft (October 3, 1800 – January 17, 1891) was an American historian and statesman. He was important in promoting secondary education both in his home state and at the national level. He made the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis in 1845. Among his best-known writings is "History of the United States, from the Discovery of the American Continent". He was known as the "father of American History". He was born into a Whig family. Later his studies led him to become a Democratic.


title: Christadelphians

paragraphs: The Christadelphians are a Christian denomination that developed in the United Kingdom and the United States in the 19th century. Other names for them include Brothers of Christ and Christ's Brethren. They were in effect founded by John Thomas, but do not consider him greater than any other teacher. Today, there are about 55,000-60,000 Christadelphians. Many of them live in Britain, Australia, Africa and the United States.

paragraphs: Their ideas are close to other Restorationist movements such as the Anabaptist movement. They say that when Christianity came in contact with the Hellenic world, it was spoiled. Therefore, they only accept teachings that can be found in the Bible. They think that the Bible was inspired by God and they accept no other texts.

paragraphs: Today almost all Christadelphians belong to the main "Central" fellowship. But, following some disagreements, there have been different groups of Christadelphians:

paragraphs: They do not have priests or pastors, instead each local church has a group of elders who are chosen by the members each year. Most male members take turns to speak each week.


title: Quezon City

paragraphs: Quezon City, or Q.C., is the largest city of the Philippines. It is just south of Manila. In 2015, it had a population of 2.936 million people. The city, on Luzon island, was named after Manuel L. Quezon, the former president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.


title: Robert Larue Stewart

paragraphs: Robert "Uncle Bob" Larue Stewart (1917-2006) is the founder, former owner and broadcaster of the GMA Network (formerly known as Republic Broadcasting System).


title: Gaza flotilla raid

paragraphs: The Gaza flotilla raid is an event that occurred on 31 May 2010. It was in the international waters of the Mediterranean Sea, when Israeli naval forces seized an aid flotilla of six ships carrying 663 or 682 pro-Palestinian activists from 37 nations, known as the "Gaza Freedom Flotilla". The activists were trying to breach the blockade of Gaza and deliver humanitarian supplies.

paragraphs: During the event, Israeli military forces seized a convoy of six ships carrying goods which should be brought to the Palestinian territories in the form of aid. There were 663-682 people on board these ships. The ships were headed to the port of Gaza. Israel had offered them to land at a different port, so that the aid could be inspected, but the crew had declined this offer. During the incident, at least nine people were killed.

paragraphs: The Gaza strip is part of Palestine. It is amongst the most densely populated areas on Earth. About 1.5 million people live on a surface of roughly 493 km².

paragraphs: The Palestinian Authority says that this is an occupied territory. They say, Israel is the occupation force, and it should withdraw, and give the territory back to the Palestinians. Israel has attacked and bombed Gaza several times, most recently during December of 2008.

paragraphs: Israel does not see things this way, since they gave over the territory to Palestinian administration in 2005, and have pulled back their troops over time . Meanwhile, Hamas, the Palestinian group which controls the territory, has launched it's rockets at Israel.

paragraphs: Hamas took over the Gaza Strip since the Fatah–Hamas conflict that was after the 2006 Palestinian elections Israel said Hamas to be a terrorist movement. Likewise, Egypt did not agree with Hamas removing the Palestinian Authority officials from Gaza.

paragraphs: The Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip was said to be a safety measure by Israel, but the Free Gaza Movement are opposed. Hamas, along with other groups had been causing trouble there and in southern parts of Israel. The blocked started in 2007. Many countries (like Egypt) feal sorry for the Gaza Strip, a few others (like Iran) hate or some how fear Israel and some (like the USA) agree with Israel.

paragraphs: The Turkish passenger ship Cruse Liner MV Mavi Marmara was trying to take Turkish and Cypriot aid to the Gaza Strip on May the 31st, when the Israeli Navy found it. The 3 year old blockade was upheld by Flotilla 13. The Mavi Marmara was 40 miles from the Gaza Strip when it was raided. 27 British activists, 9 Palestinian, 8 Turks, 2 Irish, 1 Swedish, 1 South African, 1 American and 1 Albanian were on the Mavi Marmara, along with a few others. The Mavi Marmara was followed by the Irish passenger ship MV Rachel Corrie and 4 other minor vessels. The ships carried a total of 663-682 activists and aid workers, including several Turks, several Malaysians another American, an Australian, and a Belgian.

paragraphs: There were in total 663 or 683 people from 37 nations on board the 6 ships in the civilian flotilla. Notable people aboard the flotilla included Nobel Peace Prize laureate Mairead Corrigan, former UN Assistant Secretary-General Denis Halliday, Israeli-Arab member of Knesset Haneen Zoubi, leader of the northern branch of the Islamic Movement in Israel Raed Salah, Swedish novelist Henning Mankell, and a number of politicians from European and Arab national governments and the European Parliament.

paragraphs: Israel said that the other 5 ships were boarded and taken over peacefully, and that the only incidents took place in the "Mavi Marmara", but many reports that several people from the other ships were also wounded.

paragraphs: The flotilla had planned to break through the Gaza blockade, ignoring Israel's plan for the activists to stop at the port of Ashdod and transfer the cargo through there. After the flotilla's activists ignored repeated calls to give in, soldiers from the Shayetet 13 (Flotilla 13) unit boarded the ships at around 04:00 IST

paragraphs: The convoy organizers Arafat Shoukriof, of the Free Gaza Movement (FGM), denied the account of Israeli military. One of the co-organizers of the flotilla convoy, said those on board one ship had called them by telephone to say that Israeli helicopters had arrived to do a surprise raid.

paragraphs: The boarding of the "Mavi Marmara" resulted in violent clashes between activists and Israeli soldiers, though the details are disputed.

paragraphs: Apparently an Israeli helicopter dropped 30 specialist soldiers on to the ship. Fighting then broke out for an unknown reason. An Israeli trooper was thrown over the side of the ship, some aid workers rioted and threw chairs at the Israelis. The Israelis then used tear gas, tasers, stun grenades and smoke bombs to stop the trouble. Later several gun shots were fired by both sides. Finally, at the end of it all, an Albanian woman fell over the side of the ship. The soldiers, who used stun grenades, then asked for government permission to use their firearms, which they then received.

paragraphs: The Israeli military said that the troops were suddenly attacked after climbing down ropes from helicopters onto the deck of the ship. Soldiers were reportedly beaten badly, one was stabbed, and one was thrown in to the sea Two Israelis had their guns taken away. An Israeli commando said that there was live fire at some point against them from below deck. Stun grenades and tear gas were used in an attempt to disperse activists. After this proved ineffective, the commandos requested and received permission to use shoot the resisting activists. The commandos then shot activists in the legs, which forced them to disperse. The commandos reached the bridge and took over the ship after 30 minutes. Some fighting can be seen in videos released by the Israeli military and Free Gaza activists. The Israeli military released 20 videos of the incident,

paragraphs: According to Major Avital Leibovich of the IDF Spokesperson's Unit, the activists attacked the soldiers with knives, slingshots, spikes, and clubs, and with pistols that were found by the Israeli troops. Adam Shapiro, a board member of the Free Gaza Movement, said that according to the Al Jazeera correspondents on the ship, the soldiers started opening fire immediately as they came down the ropes.

paragraphs: The wife of the Mavi Marmara captain, Nilüfer Ören, stated that IDF began tracking them after , there were 40 Israeli ships following and snooping on the convoy until the troopers were boarding the ships from helicopters at 04:45 am. She also said that stun grenades and smoke bombs were used. Therefore activists and crewmembers used gasmasks. Norman Paech, a former member of the German parliament Left Party who was aboard the Mavi Marmara said he only saw three activists resisting on his part of the boat and said "They had no knives, no axes, only sticks that they used to defend themselves."

paragraphs: Reporters for Iranian TV and Al Jazeera TV news told of the use of tear gas/CS gas and stun grenades. The Israeli solders said that the activists wore gas masks and ski masks. Neither side were fully believed by the United Nations, who tried not to take sides.

paragraphs: The MV Rachel Corrie gave in and hoisted the white flag of truce when boarded by the Israeli navy.

paragraphs: The ship Challenger One sped up along its course in an attempt to allow journalists to take their photos of the ongoing raid. Huwaida Arraf, an American activist who was on the "Challenger One" reported that Israeli soldiers attacked any one who tried to block them from taking over the vessel with kicks, tasers, and stun grenades.

paragraphs: Activist Huwaida Arraf reported that once on board the Challenger One, Israeli troops seized all communication equipment, cameras, mobile phones, radios and memory cards from activists.

paragraphs: Former UK diplomat Ed Peck, who was on board the ship Sfendoni, said that the Israelite troopers were well-trained, and behaved well. The soldiers scuffled with a few activists trying to block their access to the wheelhouse, but there were no major injuries, Peck said. Paul Larudee, a 64-year-old former language professor from El Cerrito, California on board the "Sfendoni", was beaten and tased according to his family by the US Consul General and his lawyers; his family has reported that Israeli consular officials informed them that Larudee, a pacifist, was beaten after not to follow the orders of troops.

paragraphs: Crewman Shane Dillon reported that Israeli troops used stun guns, broke the nose of a Belgian woman among them, and beat another passenger. Australian photojournalist Kate Geraghty was attacked and tasered by Israeli troops aboard the "Challenger One", while attempting to photograph the raid.

paragraphs: Kutlu Tiryaki, a captain of the other vessel in the flotilla, said that the passengers did not have weapons at all, but only came to bring aid in a peaceful manner.

paragraphs: The final ship in the convoy gave in as it was raided and hoist a white flag.

paragraphs: 9-19 were said to be dead and 32-50 were said to injured. 10 of the injured were Israelis and 1 of the dead was a Turkish politician . Israel has confirmed four being dead. Among the dead is İbrahim Bilgen, a Turkish politician from the Felicity Party.

paragraphs: At least 32 activists who had been aboard the ships were arrested and incarcerated by the Israel Prisons Service, after they refused to sign deportation orders, including two who were wounded but refused hospital treatment.

paragraphs: Israel said that the navy forces "found weapons ready in advance and used against our forces." IDF photos displayed knives, metal and wooden poles, flares, wrenches and slingshots with marble projectiles said to have been used against the soldiers. The activists were said to have also lobbed stun grenades at IDF soldiers, and the IDF showed video illustrating this. The Israeli searches of the ship found bulletproof vests, night-vision goggles, and gas masks.

paragraphs: A press-release by the Foreign Affairs Minister of Israel said that violence against the soldiers was already planned, and that "light weaponry" was found on the ships, including pistols that would have been seized from activists on the "Mavi Marmara" by the Israel Defence Forces (IDF) soldiers.

paragraphs: A close-up picture presented to readers of "Jerusalem Post" as: "The array of equipment found on board the ships that made up the Gaza aid flotilla was as divergent as the flotilla’s stated aims", showed some knives and clubs. Israeli troops also admitted to finding wheelchairs, cleaning supplies and baby milk onboard both the ships.

paragraphs: A high ranking Norwegian officer stated after watching pictures that "This is not military equipment", and that most of the tools and kitchen knives would belong on a ship.

paragraphs: High ranking Officials in the Customs Undersecretariat called the Israeli "complete nonsense".

paragraphs: For the most part, the diplomatic result was unfairly harsh to Israel.

paragraphs: Egypt opened its Rafah Border Crossing with the Gaza Strip to allow medical aid to enter following world criticism of the raid. Hamas's leader Khaled Meshaal call for the border to be opened eminently.

paragraphs: The Israeli blockade itself against Gaza itself is not illegal, and it's okay for Israeli ships to operate in international waters to enforce it," said Allen Weiner, former U.S. State Department

paragraphs: The German newspaper "Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung", said UN worldwide law says countries are not allowed to extend their rule on areas outside of their coastal waters. In Israel’s case, a from the coast.

paragraphs: South Africa's Ambassador left Israel and returned to South Africa as a form of protest.

paragraphs: Turkey's deputy parliament speaker, Guldal Mumcu, said "[t]his attack was an open violation of United Nations rules and international law," and that "Turkey should seek justice against Israel through national and international legal authorities. The parliament expects the Turkish government to revise the political, military and economic relations with Israel, and to take effective measures."

paragraphs: Lawyer Dr. Turgut Tarhanlı of the University of Istanbul cited the ideal of innocent passage, under which vessels are given safe travel rights in a manner which is not "prejudicial to the peace, good order or the security" of the state.

paragraphs: Cyprus stated its belief that NGOs must be allowed to do their work freely and lawfully. Further, it called for the lifting of the blockade of Gaza.

paragraphs: The rogue state of North Korea's Foreign Ministry condemned the Israel, which "mercilessly killed or wounded dozens of civilians aboard the boats." It went on to call the attack "crime against humanity perpetrated at the U.S. connivance and under its patronage and a blatant challenge to the Arabs including Palestinians and the Mideast peace process". The statement also "expresses full support and solidarity with the cause of the Palestinians and other Arab people"

paragraphs: The rogue state of Iran Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution Ayatollah Sayyid Ali Khamenei condemned the savage attack of the Zionist regime against an international aid convoy heading towards Gaza, and said the Israeli regime proved that it is more brutal than Fascists. Iran president Mahmoud Ahmedinejad said that the incident was an "inhuman action of the Zionist regime against the Palestinian people" and that it would bring the regime "closer than ever to its end." The Iranian government has called for a boycott of Israel. Iran's Supreme National Security Council (SNSC) Secretary Saeed Jalili high lighted the need among regional and Islamic states to confront the Zionist regime of Israel effectively. Iran's Foreign Ministry condemned the raid, saying "the incident once again revealed the criminal and war-mongering nature of the Zionist regime." Iran also on the UN Security Council and the OIC to take swift punitive action against Israel.

paragraphs: The Irish Taoiseach Brian Cowen described the attacks as "very serious" and stated that he feels the blockade action was a violation of international law. He also stated that people are allowed to receive humanitarian assistance.Minister for Foreign Affairs Micheál Martin said he was "gravely concerned"

paragraphs: French President Nicolas Sarkozy condemned "the out sized use of force" against the flotilla.

paragraphs: Belgium's foreign minister, Steven Vanackere, called the use of Israeli force "disproportionate" and "invited the Israeli ambassador to explain how things happened."

paragraphs: The Bosnian representative at the UN Security Council, Ivan Barbalić, condemned the Israeli attack, called for an investigation and wanted Israel to lift the blockade of Gaza.

paragraphs: China Foreign Ministry spokesman Ma Zhaoxu condemned Israel's raid on the international convoy and urged Israel to carry out UN Security Council resolutions and improve the humanitarian situation in Gaza.

paragraphs: The Bulgarian Foreign Ministry demanded the quick release of two Bulgarian journalists travelling in the convoy. In addition, Bulgaria condemned the attack, saying "nothing can justify the violence that resulted in the killing of over 10 people on board one of the ships." It called for an investigation.

paragraphs: Protest rallies hit the streets of Tottenham, Paris, Germany, Italy, Turkey, Egypt and Malaysia.

paragraphs: The Czech Republic had gone out in support for Israel and declared that the Turkish flotilla was made to provoke Israel in to a military or political trap.

paragraphs: The USA also expressed pro-Israeli opinions, while Nauru said Hamas was wrong.

paragraphs: The Cuban Ministry of Foreign Affairs condemned the Israeli action, calling it a "criminal attack" and expressed its "most energetic condemnation." Cuba calls for the lifting of the Gaza blockade and reaffirms its solidarity with the Palestinian people. The former Cuban President Fidel Castro has condemned Israel's attack on the Freedom Flotilla as "Nazi fascist fury." He added that the Israeli commandos who boarded the ships fired at the aid workers.

paragraphs: Montenegro, China, Zambia and the UK called for a peaceful solution to the situation.

paragraphs: The representative of Gabon at the UN Security Council expressed his shock at the events. He further called upon Israel to lift the blockade of Gaza, and called all parties to end the violence.

paragraphs: Switzerland called for an international inquiry and summoned the Israeli ambassador.

paragraphs: The Holy See expressed "great concern and pain" about the incident.

paragraphs: Israel planned to deport all of the captured passengers within 48 hours of their arrival into Israel. On of 2 June 2010 Israel had decided to release over 600 of the detained activists.


title: Far Eastern Republic

paragraphs: Far Eastern Republic (; romanised: "Dalnevostochnaya Respublika, DVR"), sometimes called the Chita Republic, was a nominally independent state established at Blagoveshchensk, covering the former Russian Far East and Siberia east of Lake Baikal on April 6, 1920.


title: Acanthomyops murphii

paragraphs: Acanthomyops murphii is a species of ant in the family Formicidae. It is endemic to the United States.


title: Adelomyrmex boltoni

paragraphs: Adelomyrmex boltoni is a kind of ant. It was first found on October 25, 1982 by F. Baud in Paraguay. It was described by Fernandez, F. in 2003. More data has been put out by Wild, A. L. in 2007.


title: Bryology

paragraphs: Bryology is the study of Bryophytes: Mosses, liverworts and hornworts. They are the most primitive land plants. Bryologists are people who work on observing, and classifying bryophytes.


title: Internet Message Access Protocol

paragraphs: Internet Message Access Protocol(or IMAP) is a communication protocol, a set of rules that e-mail client programs, like the one in your computer, use to download email from a mail server. An older protocol which does the same thing is called Post Office Protocol but IMAP has additional features.


Yuji Sugano


Nobuyo Fujishiro


Kuniharu Nakamoto


title: Katsuhiko Sano

paragraphs: Katsuhiko Sano (born 30 April 1988) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Kentaro Sakai

paragraphs: Kentaro Sakai (born 20 May 1975) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Masashi Miyamura

paragraphs: Masashi Miyamura (born 18 February 1969) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Horticulture

paragraphs: Horticulture is the practical botany of gardens. It includes both decorative and vegetable aspects of gardens. A horticulturist is a person who works and conducts research in the science and skill of growing flowers, fruits, vegetables or ornamental plants. Plant breeding is an important part of horticulture.


title: Ryujiro Ueda

paragraphs: Ryujiro Ueda (born 29 January 1988) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Fagiano Okayama.


title: Cauê Santos da Mata

paragraphs: Cauê Santos da Mata (born 1 May 1986 ) is a Brazilian football player.


title: Davi José Silva do Nascimento

paragraphs: Davi José Silva do Nascimento (born 10 March 1984) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Umm-Salal.


title: Shinya Chiba

paragraphs: Shinya Chiba (born 3 May 1983) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Kazunari Okayama

paragraphs: , also known as Kang Il-Sung (Ko: 강일성, 康一成), is a Japanese football player.


title: Hitoyoshi Satomi

paragraphs: Hitoyoshi Satomi (born 13 May 1983) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Naoki Takahashi

paragraphs: Naoki Takahashi (born 8 August 1976) is a Japanese football player. He has played for Albirex Niigata.


title: Anderson Luis da Silva

paragraphs: Anderson Luis da Silva (born 22 December 1972) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Ponte Preta.


title: Ryuji Sueoka

paragraphs: Since 2009, he has been active in India's professional football league. In 2011, coaches in the I-League named Sueoka as the best player.


title: Yasuhiro Tanaka

paragraphs: Yasuhiro Tanaka (born 2 August 1984) is a Japanese football player.


title: Koichi Sugiyama

paragraphs: Koichi Sugiyama (born 27 October 1971) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Eiichiro Ozaki

paragraphs: Eiichiro Ozaki (born 7 December 1984) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Gainare Tottori.


title: Mikito Nishihara

paragraphs: Mikito Nishihara (born 10 June 1980) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Hayato Mizuki

paragraphs: Hayato Mizuki (born 1 November 1984) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Shoji Yamada

paragraphs: Shoji Yamada (born 6 December 1984) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Tatsuyuki Okuyama

paragraphs: Tatsuyuki Okuyama (born 30 January 1976) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Keiichiro Nakano

paragraphs: Keiichiro Nakano (born 29 March 1976) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Takefumi Sasaki

paragraphs: Takefumi Sasaki (born 5 July 1978) used to be a Japanese football player.


title: Takanobu Kondo

paragraphs: Takanobu Kondo (born 8 August 1978) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Daiji Nii

paragraphs: Daiji Nii (born 28 February 1973) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Bill Foulkes

paragraphs: Bill Foulkes (5 January 1932 – 25 November 2013) was an English footballer-turned-manager. He played for England national team.


title: Bert Patenaude

paragraphs: Bert Patenaude (4 November 1909 – 4 November 1974) is a former American soccer player. He played for United States national team in the first-ever FIFA World Cup in 1930.


title: Gianpiero Combi

paragraphs: Gianpiero Combi (20 November 1902 – 12 August 1956) is a former Italian football player. He has played for Italy national team.


title: Pak Doo-Ik

paragraphs: Pak Doo-Ik (; Hanja: 朴斗翼; born 17 March 1942) is a North Korean professional athlete. He is best known as an association football player. He was a member of the North Korean national team.


Tatsuhiko Kubo


title: Varkala

paragraphs: Varkala () is a city in the Indian state of Kerala. It is on the west coast of India near the far south of the mainland. It is the only region in the southern Kerala that has cliffs. Geologists call these cliffs the Varkala Formation.

paragraphs: Varkala is a famous tourist place. The town has great telecommunication facilities, an average-rated water supply system, fire station, several post offices and a police station. The town has a government-run modern medicine, ayurveda, and nature cure hospital. Also there are about 10 private hospitals, clinics and some dental clinics.


title: Butch Huskey

paragraphs: Butch Huskey was a professional baseball player for the New York Mets. He started playing Major League Baseball in 1993. He was born in Anadarko, Oklahoma. He weighs around 244 pounds and 6'03 in height.


title: Mesut Özil

paragraphs: Mesut Özil (born 15 October 1988) is a German football player of Turkish descent. He plays for Arsenal and the German national team.

paragraphs: Özil is often praised for his skill at being an attacking midfielder. He is known for making plenty of assists. In 2011, he made the second most assists with Real Madrid in La Liga with 17 and the most assists in major European competitions with 25.

paragraphs: In 2005, he went to the youth department of FC Schalke 04. He was a midfielder, and his number was 17. He soon played in the Ligapokal, against teams such as FC Bayern Munich and Bayer Leverkusen. He was thought to be the "next big thing," but soon left the club.

paragraphs: In 2008, Mesut Özil moved to Werder Bremen for a reported amount of €4.3 million, signing a contract with the German club until June 30, 2011. He soon became popular in the club, leading them to the 2009 DFB-Pokal final with the winning goal against Bayer Leverkusen. He helped the team make it to the UEFA Cup, but lost to Shakhtar Donetsk.

paragraphs: Because of his impressive performance in the 2010 FIFA World Cup, he made his place as one of the best young football athletes in Europe. Teams such as FC Barcelona, Manchester United. and Arsenal wanted him in their squad. Werder Bremen made an agreement with Real Madrid. The transfer amount was believed to be near €15 million. After signing, Özil said, "When the offer came in to join Real Madrid, there is no decision to make. Let's be honest – you don't refuse this club. I was in no rush to leave Werder Bremen, but this is one club you say yes to. They are an institution, a club with a fantastic history, stadium and squad full of world-class players. The prospect of performing at the Bernabeu is so awesome you jump straight in."

paragraphs: His first game was against Hércules, which the team won the game 3-1. His first goal was against Deportivo de La Coruña, which the team won 6-1.

paragraphs: Mesut Özil performed many assists, and in the 2011-12 season he was nominated for the FIFA Ballon d'Or award. Real Madrid maintained its success, and finished in 1st place in the 2011-12 La Liga.

paragraphs: Ozil joined Arsenal in September 2013 at a transfer fee believed to be around €50 million. His first game for Arsenal was against Sunderland in which the team won 3-1, with him making an assist. He was a top performer in his first season, however his form has went down since then.

paragraphs: Őzil stopped playing for the German National Team in July 2018 citing "racism and disrespect".


title: Queen's Gambit

paragraphs: The Queen's Gambit is a chess opening which starts with 1.d4 d5 2.c4. It is not really a gambit, because the pawn taken cannot be held. For example (simplest line):

paragraphs: Since the pawn can't be kept, Black (by taking the c-pawn) has given up the centre. The standard strategy then is for Black to mount a counter-attack on the White centre.

paragraphs: Now the white centre is balanced by the black counter-attack.


title: Wheel loader

paragraphs: A wheel loader or a shovel uses a controlled arm to put materials into a dumptruck, onto a conveyor belt or a feed hopper. Possible materials are: asphalt, demolition debris, dirt, feed, gravel, logs, raw minerals, recycled material, rock, sand, wood chips, etc.

paragraphs: There are many types and brands of wheel loaders. The most popular brands are Caterpillar, Volvo, Case, Ahlmann and Komatsu. The type most used is a front end loader.


title: Corollary

paragraphs: A corollary is something that can be figured out from other things. In mathematics a corollary usually follows on from a theorem.


title: Yusuke Minoguchi

paragraphs: Yusuke Minoguchi (born 23 August 1965) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Takashi Kawamura

paragraphs: Takashi Kawamura (born 20 June 1968) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Kazutaka Okada

paragraphs: Kazutaka Okada is a former Japanese football player.


title: Kepa Blanco

paragraphs: Kepa Blanco (born 13 January 1984) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Getafe.


title: Takuya Muro

paragraphs: Takuya Muro (born 2 November 1982) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Sagan Tosu.


Yuzuki Ito


title: Kensuke Kagami

paragraphs: Kensuke Kagami (born 21 November 1974) is a former Japanese football player.


Hideki Katsura


title: Miguel Torres Gómez

paragraphs: Miguel Torres Gómez (born 28 January 1986) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Getafe.


title: Juan Mata

paragraphs: Juan Manuel Mata (born 28 April 1988) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Manchester United FC and Spain national team.


title: Ricardo Costa

paragraphs: Ricardo Costa (born 16 May 1981) is a Portuguese football player. He plays for Valencia and Portugal national team.


title: Zdeněk Grygera

paragraphs: Zdeněk Grygera (born 14 May 1980) is a Czech football player. He plays for Juventus and Czech Republic national team.


title: Rafael dos Santos de Oliveira

paragraphs: Rafael dos Santos de Oliveira (born 30 June 1987) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Thespa Kusatsu.


Kenji Koyano


title: Yasushi Endo

paragraphs: Yasushi Endo (born 7 April 1988) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Kashima Antlers.


title: Goto

paragraphs: goto is a statement in many programming languages. It is a combination of the English words "go" and "to". It is a way to jump to another line of code.

paragraphs: Many languages support the goto statement, and many do not. In Java, goto is a reserved word, but cannot be used. (A "reserved word" is a word that is a "part" of the programming language and cannot be used for other things like naming variables.)

paragraphs: In Computer Science, there is a theory called the structured program theorem. This theory says that any program can be written in such a way that things are done with "functions" and "methods" (smaller sub-programs) instead of in one very big program and "goto" statements. The theory proves that the goto statement is not needed to write programs.

paragraphs: A goto statement is usually used with a "label". A label is a word that identifies a place in a piece of code. A goto statement in code usually looks like this:

paragraphs: In this example, the computer would jump to the location of "LABEL".

paragraphs: Many times the goto statement is combined with the if statement. In this case, the computer will only jump to another place in the code if something is true. For example:

paragraphs: This can be read as "if "some condition is true", then go to the location of "LABEL"."

paragraphs: Different programming languages have different restrictions or limits on the use of goto statements. For example, the C programming language does not allow a goto to jump to a location inside of another function (subprogram).


title: Lisa M. Buttenheim

paragraphs: Lisa M. Buttenheim, a national of the United States, was appointed by the United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon as his Special Representative and Head of the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP)on 2 June 2010.She has extensive experience with the United Nations in political affairs and peacekeeping.

paragraphs: Buttenheim replaces Tayé-Brook Zerihoun of Ethiopia, who held the same function from May 2008 to April 2010. The Secretary-General expressed his gratitude to Zerihoun for his devotion and leadership of UNFICYP. In addition, Zerihoun served as the acting Deputy to the Special advisor of the Secretary-General on Cyprus. During his tenure, he provided assistance to the Secretary-General’s mission of good offices.

paragraphs: Before the appointment of Buttenheim, she was Director of the Middle East and West Asia Division in the Department of Political Affairs from January 2009. She previously served in the same department as Director of the Asia and Pacific Division from January to December 2008. She was Director of the Asia and Middle East Division in the Department of Peacekeeping Operations from April 2004 to December 2007. She served as Director and Head of the United Nations Office in Belgrade from March 2003 to March 2004.

paragraphs: Between May 1997 and February 2003, Buttenheim was Senior Political Adviser in the Office of the Director-General of the United Nations Office at Geneva.During the same period, she was also the acting Chief of Staff, Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General in the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK), Director and Senior Adviser in the Office of the Special Envoy for the Balkans in Geneva.

paragraphs: She joined the United Nations in March 1983 and held a number of positions in the Executive Office of the Secretary-General, the Office of the Under-Secretaries-General for Special Political Affairs in New York, and the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO) in Jerusalem.

paragraphs: Buttenheim holds a Master's degree in international economics and Middle East studies from Johns Hopkins University’s School of Advanced International Studies, in Washington, D.C., and a bachelor's degree in political science and English from Stanford University.

paragraphs: She was born in 1954 and is married to Jean-Claude Aimé, a former United Nations official.


title: Theanine

paragraphs: Theanine is a chemical that you find in tea and in some mushrooms. Theanine is an amino acid. The chemical theanine can change your mood, behavior and the way you see or feel things. It lowers stress and it is also an antioxidant. This is a good chemical that fights aging. Theanine helps the immune system. This protects your body against diseases.


title: Bichon Frisé

paragraphs: A Bichon Frise is a small, breed of dog. It has a coat that can be solid white, apricot or grey. A white coat is preferred in dog shows. It is also very playful and friendly.


title: 30 (number)

paragraphs: Thirty is a number. It is an even number. It is divisible by 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 15, and 30. It is a composite number. It is the number between 29 and 31. In roman numerals in is XXX.


title: 80 (number)

paragraphs: Eighty is an even number. It is divisible by 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 16, 20, 40, and 80.


title: 90 (number)

paragraphs: Ninety is an even number. It is divisible by 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 15, 18, 30, 45, and 90.


title: Yazman Tehsil

paragraphs: Yazman Tehsil is an administrative subdivision (tehsil) of Bahawalpur District in the Punjab province of Pakistan.


title: Birdo

paragraphs: Birdo is a character in the Mario series. Birdo first appeared in "Super Mario Bros. 2". She is available as a trophy in "Super Smash Bros. Melee" and "Super Smash Bros. Brawl". In "Super Smash Bros. Melee", Birdo appears in the Mushroom Kingdom II stage. There, she shoots three eggs from either side of the stage. The eggs damage any character they hit. She is a playable character in games such as "" and "Mario Party 8". Birdo was originally a boy who thought he was a girl, but now is mostly considered a girl.


title: Tyler Fredrickson

paragraphs: Tyler Fredrickson (born February 26, 1981 in Santa Barbara, California) was an American football placekicker in the National Football League. He most recently played for the Oakland Raiders in some pre-season games in the 2007 season but was cut on September 2 of that year before the start of the regular season.

paragraphs: While at University of California, Berkeley, he created a film entitled "Countdown to Kickoff 2003" for his master's thesis in Education. Fredrickson is featured prominently in the Stefan Fatsis book "A Few Seconds of Panic".


title: Classless Inter-Domain Routing

paragraphs: Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) is a way of allocating IP addresses and routing Internet Protocol packets.


Pa


title: Importance sampling

paragraphs: Importance sampling typically refers to a Monte Carlo method for sampling from a (target) distribution that cannot be sampled from directly. The method works by sampling from a proposal distribution (P(x)), which is ideally similar to the target distribution (Q(x)), and weighting each sample by the ratio of the likelihoods at the sampled point: w(x) = Q(x)/P(x).


title: The Rage: Carrie 2

paragraphs: The Rage: Carrie 2 is a 1999 American horror science fiction sequel movie. It follows classic 1976 horror movie "Carrie".

paragraphs: The director said that the movie shows how difficult it is to be a young woman today.

paragraphs: Rachael/Rachel, like Carrie, is a high school outcast who attends Bates High School, except that it is a new building because Carrie destroyed the first one. Also like Carrie, she has telekinetic powers, the ability to move things with your mind, powers. Throughout the movie, there is flashbacks to events that happened in the first movie. Unlike Carrie, the prom violence is graphic impalings with flying CDs and fireplace pokers. Rachael's telekinetic powers are first shown when her Lisa commits suicide by jumping off of the roof of the school.

paragraphs: Rob Nelson, of City Pages, said that the movie's obsessive focus on predatory teen-male sexuality — and female fragility in the face of it — clearly pegs this as the work of a feminist. Marc Savlov, of Austin Chronicle said that the movie does not even deliver one good shock.


title: John Doe

paragraphs: The name "John Doe" is used as a name in a legal action, case or discussion for a male person, whose true identity is unknown or must be withheld for legal reasons. Male corpses or hospital patients whose identities are unknown may also be called "John Doe". The name "Jane Doe" is used for females.

paragraphs: John or Jane Doe is also use an example when a name is needed, for instance when showing how a form should be completed. "Joe Bloggs" is sometimes used in such a case.


title: Ambient occlusion

paragraphs: Ambient occlusion is a technique used in 3D computer graphics to estimate how light behaves. The physics of how photons of light can occupy a space says that inner corners of objects (or space where two objects are close to each other) have less light and appear darker (have more shadow).

paragraphs: Imagine being inside a matte white cube with even light; the surface color is exactly the same so theoretically you shouldn't be able to see any corners or edges; but because of the described effect you can.


title: Bedbug

paragraphs: A bedbug (or bed bug) is a small, elusive, parasitic insect of the family Cimicidae. They live by feeding on the blood of humans and other warm-blooded animals.

paragraphs: The name 'bed bug' is used as the bug likes to live in houses, and especially in beds or other areas where people may sleep. Bedbugs are mainly active at night and can feed without people noticing. They leave a small itchy bite, like a mosquito.

paragraphs: The bites of fleas, spiders, mosquito and bed bugs causes similar symptoms but there are a few differences that may help you find out the true cause.

paragraphs: Bed bug's bites mainly show up in groups or line formations due to the bed bug's nature to feed more than once in the same area. They appear on body parts that are exposed during the sleep, like hands, feet, neck. Those bites cause intense itching for a few days after appearing.

paragraphs: Flea's bites are smaller and more pinkish, the ones caused by spiders are mostly big, isolated single bites revealing pierced skin. Mosquitoes' bites are more pale and the itching gradually disappear after few hours.

paragraphs: There are herbal and chemical ways of removing Bed Bugs bites.

paragraphs: Fortunately Bed Bugs don't transit any diseases, however sometimes they can cause some serious allergic reactions.

paragraphs: Taking a shower under semi-warm running water and cleaning affected areas is advised for fast relief from the itching and discomfort caused by the bites.


title: Antonio Adán

paragraphs: Antonio Adán Garrido (born 13 May 1987) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Portuguese club Sporting CP.


title: Yosuke Niwa

paragraphs: Yosuke Niwa (born 10 October 1940) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Simon Davies

paragraphs: Simon Davies (born 23 October 1979) is a Welsh football player. He plays for Fulham and Wales national team.


title: Takayuki Toyomitsu

paragraphs: Takayuki Toyomitsu (born 2 April 1987) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Volca Kagoshima.


title: Gabriel Donizete de Santana

paragraphs: Gabriel Donizete de Santana (born 8 September 1987) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Sanat Naft.


Maya Yoshida


title: Oribe Niikawa

paragraphs: Oribe Niikawa (born 16 July 1988) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Ryukyu.


title: Shohei Yamamoto

paragraphs: Shohei Yamamoto (born 29 August 1982) is a Japanese football player. He plays for V-Varen Nagasaki.


title: Abraão Lincoln Martins

paragraphs: Abraão Lincoln Martins (born 14 June 1983) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Oriente Petrolero.


title: Cristian Brocchi

paragraphs: Cristian Brocchi (born 30 January 1976) is an Italian football player. He plays for Lazio.


title: Nicklas Bendtner

paragraphs: Nicklas Bendtner (born 16 January 1988) is a Danish football player. He plays for Rosenborg BK and Denmark national team. He is also the best player in the world


title: Mbo Mpenza

paragraphs: Mbo Mpenza (born 4 December 1976) is a former Belgian football player. He has played for Belgium national team.


title: Marco Streller

paragraphs: Marco Streller (born 18 June 1981) is a Swiss football player. He plays for Basel and Switzerland national team.


title: Oscar B. Cintas

paragraphs: Oscar Benjamin Cintas, (b. Sagua la Grande, Cuba, 1887; d. New York City, N.Y. 1957) was an important sugar and railroad magnate. He served as Cuba’s ambassador to the United States from 1932 until 1934.

paragraphs: Cintas used to be a Cuban Ambassador to the United States. Cintas liked to collect art and manuscripts. He had bought the Bliss Copy for $54,000 at a public auction in 1949. It "set a new high record for the sale of a document at public auction". The Castro government claimed Cintas' properties after it became powerful in 1959. But Cintas, who died in 1957, had willed the Gettysburg Address to the American people, if it would be kept at the White House. It was moved there in 1959, and is still there today.


title: Hyperopia

paragraphs: Hyperopia (also called hypermetropia or far-sightedness) is a problem with the focusing ability of the eye. People with hyperopia have an easier time seeing things that are far away than seeing things that are up close. Inside the eye is the lens which can change shape to change the focusing power of the eye and make things look clear. Someone who is not far-sighted only needs to use their lens to make far objects look clear. But for someone with hyperopia, their lens has to do that even when they're looking far away, and it has to work extra hard to make close objects look clear.

paragraphs: Many people with small amounts of hyperopia don't have any problems seeing up close because it's easy for their lens to focus all the time, especially when they're children. But if they have more hyperopia, they often get headaches and eyestrain when they read for a long time because the muscle that controls the lens gets tired.

paragraphs: Hyperopia can be corrected with glasses, contact lenses, or surgery.


title: Dispersion

paragraphs: Dispersion is the idea that the frequency of a wave influences its velocity (speed). Dispersion is most easily seen in light, when all the colors inside white light become separated by a prism.

paragraphs: When a white beam is shone at the prism, all of the colors in the light (colour spectrum) are slowed down when they meet the prism. Each color then refracts (bends) at different angles, making us see a rainbow.

paragraphs: The spitting of white light into seven colours (VIBGYOR) is dispersion


title: Absorption spectroscopy

paragraphs: Absorption spectroscopy is a technique used to find out what makes up a sample of a substance – in other words, a chemical analysis.

paragraphs: When a full spectrum of light (light with all the colours, like light from the sun) passes through the sample (which is often a gas) some specific colours do not show up on the other side. These colours of light are being absorbed by the sample. An image is created of the spectrum of light with black breaks where the light has been absorbed. These breaks are called absorption lines, and every element has its characteristic pattern of absorption lines.

paragraphs: On an atomic scale, this happens because of the electrons in the atoms of the sample - an electron can absorb light to gain energy. From experiments, electrons only ever absorb certain amounts of energy, suggesting an electron's energy must fit onto set, quantised, discrete "energy levels". The process of an electron going to a higher energy level is called "excitation". For any atom of a particular element, the energy needed to excite an electron from one specific energy level to another will be the same. This is important because it allows us to compare the absorption lines of say, the atmosphere of a far away planet, to the absorption lines of elements we know to exist in a lab. We can then reach a conclusion about what the distant planet's atmosphere may be made of.

paragraphs: The missing colours give us information about the energy of the photons that cause excitation. Note that the energy gained by the excited electron is equal to the energy of the incident photon (a particle of light), so only photons with fitting energies will cause an excitation. The energy of a photon is proportional to its frequency:" "

paragraphs: Where "E" is the energy of a photon, "h" is Planck's constant (a constant is a set number that doesn't change) and "f" is the frequency of the photon. Since a colour can be described as a specific frequency of light, this is why the black breaks can be used to identify element(s) which the light is passing through.

paragraphs: The intensity of the absorption varies as a function of frequency, and this variation is the absorption spectrum.

paragraphs: In chemistry, the technique is used to detect and measure concentrations of a particular metal element within a solution. The scientists atomise the sample (make it turn to individual atoms) and then see what light wavelengths it absorbs. Each type of chemical (element) absorbs a particular wavelength, so scientists can tell which chemicals are in the sample. Every element has a different atomic absorption spectrum because of the different light wavelengths it absorbs.


title: Kim Jung-nam

paragraphs: Kim Jung-Nam (, Hanja: 金正男, born January 28, 1943) is a South Korean professional athlete. He is best known as an association football player. He was a member of the Korean national team, including the 1964 Summer Olympics.

paragraphs: He was a K-League manager; and he served as K-League Vice President.


Jun Sonoda


title: Takefumi Toma

paragraphs: Takefumi Toma (born 21 March 1989) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Kashima Antlers.


Yuji Funayama


title: Atsushi Ichimura

paragraphs: Atsushi Ichimura (born 18 November 1984) is a Japanese professional athlete. He is best known as a Association football or soccer player.


Tadayo Fukuo


title: Snowy River National Park

paragraphs: Snowy River National Park is a national park in Victoria (Australia), 323 km east of Melbourne. The park includes much of the Snowy River.

paragraphs: A lot of the park is a protected wilderness area, with no access for vehicles. The park in the Little River Gorge area, has one of the last natural habitats for the endangered Brush-tailed Rock Wallaby. Numbers for this species are estimated as extremely small, with the rugged terrain making it difficult to count the population. Over 250 species have been found in the park, 29 are rare or threatened in Victoria. These include the Long-footed Potoroo, Spotted Quoll (Tiger Quoll), Giant Burrowing Frog and Eastern She-oak Skink.

paragraphs: Little River Gorge is Victoria's deepest gorge. The Little River drops 610 metres from the Wulgulmerang plateau over a distance 14 km to where it joins the Snowy River at a height of 122 metres above sea level.

paragraphs: McKillops Road is the northern park boundary, with the Alpine National Park to the north of the road. The road is not suitable for caravans, trailers and large trucks because it is steep and winding. At McKillops Bridge the road which crosses the Snowy River near its junction with the Deddick River. A camping site near McKillops Bridge has excellent spots for swimming. It is also a good place to begin canoe and raft trips through the rugged gorges downstream. It is the start for the 18km Silver Mine Walking Track and the short Snowy River Trail.


title: Kill.switch

paragraphs: kill.switch is a shooting video game for many platforms. It was released on Oct 28, 2003. Created by Namco. It is rated T for Teenager.


title: Croissant

paragraphs: The croissant is a type of bread shaped like a crescent moon. It is usually eaten for breakfast in various countries. It can be called a crescent or a crescent roll. Although a crescent roll may be smaller. It is not a quick bread, but it is made of a variant of puff pastry. A croissant can be eaten with savory or sweet fillings.

paragraphs: Breads shaped like crescents have been around since the Medieval times. Before the croissant, there was a version of the croissant called a "feteer meshaltet". It came from Egypt. Many years later, a crescent-shaped version of feteer meshaltet was made. It was called "feteer halali" (crescent feteer). The feteer halali became popular throughout Europe, especially France. Later, feteer halali became known as a croissant.

paragraphs: Croissants used to be only available to aristocrats. Marie Antoinette is believed to have introduced it to the French elites. Now they are available in any supermarkets.


title: So Cold

paragraphs: So Cold is a very successful song by alternative metal band, Breaking Benjamin. "So Cold" came off from their album "We Are Not Alone".


title: Suguru Hino

paragraphs: Suguru Hino (born 29 July 1982) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Tokushima Vortis.


title: Grizzly Rage

paragraphs: Grizzly Rage is a Syfy (used to be called The Sci-Fi Channel) television movie.

paragraphs: Four high school friends go to the woods to celebrate their graduation. When they break into a part of the woods that is closed, they hit and kill a grizzly cub with their car. Now the mother of the cub tries to attack and kill the four teenagers.

paragraphs: The movie is widescreen, has a Dolby Digital English 5.1 stereo track, and has no extras.

paragraphs: David Johnson, of DVD Verdict, said that there are better ways to spend your time instead of watching this movie. Paul Mavis, of DVD Talk, said that the movie fulfills none of the requirements of a bear attack exploitationer. A Bloody Disgusting review says that the movie is a pretty silly but satisfying flick.


title: Trapezius muscle

paragraphs: In human, trapezius muscle or trapezius is a large muscle that extends longitudinally on the upper portion of a human spine. Its functions are to move the scapulae and support the arm.

paragraphs: The trapezius has three functional regions: the superior region, which supports the weight of the arm; the intermediate region, which retracts the scapulae; and the inferior region, which rotates and depresses the scapulae.

paragraphs: The upper portion of the trapezius can be developed by elevating the shoulders. Middle fibers are developed by pulling shoulder blades together. The lower part can be developed by drawing the shoulder blades downward while keeping the arms almost straight and stiff.


title: William of Ockham

paragraphs: William of Ockham was a Franciscan friar who lived in the 14th century. He was born around 1285, in Ockham, Surrey, England, and died April 9, 1347 in Munich. He was a philosopher and theologian. He is most famous for inventing Occam's razor. He wrote about logic, epistemology, natural philosophy, political philosophy, metaphysics and ethics.

paragraphs: William of Ockham went to school at the University of Oxford, where he studied theology. After he graduated, he became a teacher of philosophy at the school. However, the Church did not like the ideas he was teaching, and brought him to court on charges of heresy in 1327. Because he was afraid he would be executed, William of Ockham fled the school and spent the rest of his life living with a group of friars who also did not like the large power that the Church had.


title: Palm cockatoo

paragraphs: The palm cockatoo ("Probosciger aterrimus") (also known as the goliath cockatoo) is a black or dark-gray parrot of the cockatoo family.

paragraphs: In the wild, it eats nuts and palm tree fruit by cracking them open with its strong and curved beak. In captivity, people feed palm cockatoos a variety of fruits, vegetables, and nuts. Palm cockatoos are native to Cape York Peninsula in northern Australia, the Aru Islands, Papua New Guinea, and other surrounding smaller islands. Palm cockatoo are common in these places, but scientists believe they are becoming less common because people are using their habitat for mining. They are intelligent and can be kept as pets.


title: Sterling Knight

paragraphs: Sterling Knight (born March 5, 1989) in Houston, Texas. is an American actor, and singer. He is in "Sonny With a Chance" as Chad Dylan Cooper. He also in plays Christopher Wilde in "Starstruck". He will be playing Ty Parker in the upcoming movie "Elle: A Modern Cinderella Tale".

paragraphs: Sterling Knight was born in Houston, Texas. He has a younger sister, Samantha Scarlett, and a younger brother, Spencer Shuga. He lived in Texas before moving to Los Angeles, California to keep going with his acting career.

paragraphs: Knight had acted in many Houston theater plays like "On Golden Pond", "Lost in Yonkers", "Bye Bye Birdie" and "Mad Adventures of Mr. Toad.".


title: Robert Kiprono Cheruiyot

paragraphs: Robert Kiprono Cheruiyot (born 1988) is a Kenyan marathon runner. Cheruiyot was the winner of the 2010 Boston Marathon, setting a course record. He finished fifth in the 2009 Boston Marathon.

paragraphs: He won the 2008 Frankfurt Marathon, setting a course record, and finished second in the 2009 Frankfurt Marathon.

paragraphs: Cheruiyot is not related to countryman and fellow marathon runner Robert Kipkoech Cheruiyot, although their similar names are often mentioned in press articles. Robert Kiprono Cheruiyot broke Robert Kipkoech Cheruiyot's course record when he won the Boston Marathon in 2010.


title: Bellatrix Lestrange

paragraphs: Bellatrix Lestrange (née Bellatrix Black) is a fictional character of the "Harry Potter" series and is the sister of Narcissa Malfoy, the wife of Lucius Malfoy, and Draco Malfoy's aunt. Her parents are Cygnus Black III and Druella Black(née Rosier) and the eldest of three sisters: Bellatrix, Andromeda and Narcissa. She is a Death Eater who believes that Lord Voldemort is the supreme and everyone should follow him. She marries Rodolphus Lestrange, but it was Voldemort that she truly loved. In the Harry Potter movies she was played by Helena Bonham Carter. She has been to Azkaban, the wizard prison, but Lord Voldemort helped her and the other Death Eaters in Azkaban escape. She is killed by Molly Weasley at the end of book 7 when she attempts to kill Ginny Weasley with the killing curse Avada Kedavra.


title: Long Wittenham

paragraphs: Long Wittenham is a village on the south bank of the River Thames in South Oxfordshire. In 1974 it came from Berkshire to the county of Oxfordshire.

paragraphs: There are crop marks (dating from the 6th Century) that there must have been a large collection of buildings, maybe a royal palace or at least high status Saxon enclosure. The number of objects that were found in Saxon burial sites around the village support this. These large, Saxon burial sites also indicate a good sized population, that lasted over many years.

paragraphs: The village was mentioned in the Domesday Book. By Tudor times, it had a population of around 200, with crops: wheat, oats, barley and even rye. Following a local legend Oliver Cromwell addressed the villagers on his way to his niece's wedding, in neighbouring Little Wittenham.

paragraphs: The village Cross has First Millennial origins: the base dating from the 7th century. St. Birinus preached here when he brought Christianity to the area. The Church of England parish church of Saint Mary, begun around 1120, is on the site of a previous Saxon church. Cruck Cottage can be architecturally dated to being around 800 years old and as such is (possibly) the oldest house in South Oxfordshire.

paragraphs: The building housing Pendon Museum, originally started life as The Three Poplars - a working man's pub. It was sold in 1954 and now houses a model railway museum.

paragraphs: Long Wittenham is in the Thames Valley north of Didcot, and southeast of Abingdon. To the west is the village of Appleford, which has the nearest railway station, on the line between Didcot and Oxford.


title: Hitoshi Morishita (born in 1967)

paragraphs: Hitoshi Morishita (born 9 December 1967) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Masahiko Kuboyama

paragraphs: Masahiko Kuboyama (born 1964) is a former Japanese football player.


Hitoshi Tomishima


title: Sun Xiang

paragraphs: Sun Xiang (born 15 January 1982) is a Chinese football player. He plays for Guangzhou Evergrande and China PR national team.


title: Manuel Pablo

paragraphs: Manuel Pablo (born 25 January 1976) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Deportivo La Coruña.


title: Shogo Shiozawa

paragraphs: Shogo Shiozawa (born 9 September 1982) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Sagawa Printing.


title: Aldo Duscher

paragraphs: Aldo Duscher (born 24 March 1979) is an Argentine football player. He plays for Sevilla.


title: Álvaro Arbeloa

paragraphs: Álvaro Arbeloa (born 17 January 1983) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Real Madrid and Spain national team.


title: Wilson Carlos Mano

paragraphs: Wilson Carlos Mano (born 23 May 1964) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.

paragraphs: He played for Corinthians for seven years, but not always a starter. But never declined an opportunity to enter the field, especially for its versatility. Originally a steering wheel, played on both sides, in the core of defense after the half and attack. All wore shirts possible, except for the number 1, the goalkeeper.

paragraphs: Such dedication to the club earned him a reward: even getting several departures from the bank, Mano Wilson became the 15th player Corinthians with more games played, with 408 matches.


title: Tomoya Osawa

paragraphs: Tomoya Osawa (born 22 October 1984) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Sagawa Shiga.


title: Sonkyo Nomura

paragraphs: Sonkyo Nomura (born 22 September 1941) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Francismar Carioca de Oliveira

paragraphs: Francismar Carioca de Oliveira (born 18 April 1984) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Atlético Goianiense.


title: Blerim Džemaili

paragraphs: Blerim Džemaili (born 12 April 1986) is a Swiss football player. He plays for Parma and Switzerland national team.


title: Dominique Rocheteau

paragraphs: Dominique Rocheteau (born 14 January 1955) is a former French football player. He has played for France national team.


title: Pablo Mastroeni

paragraphs: Pablo Mastroeni (born 29 August 1976) is an American soccer player. He plays for Colorado Rapids and United States national team.


title: José Nasazzi

paragraphs: José Nasazzi (24 May 1901 – 17 June 1968) is a former Uruguayan football player. He has played for Uruguay national team.


title: Savo Milošević

paragraphs: Savo Milošević (born 2 September 1973) is a former Serbian football player. He has played for Serbia national team.


title: Snowy River

paragraphs: The Snowy River is a major river in south-eastern Australia. It starts on the slopes of Mount Kosciuszko, Australia's highest mountain. It gets its water from the eastern slopes of the Snowy Mountains in New South Wales, and then flows through the Snowy River National Park in Victoria and finally into Bass Strait. Up until the middle of the 20th century, the river was known for the large amount of fresh water it carried, its wide reach and large rapids.

paragraphs: The river's course and surroundings have not changed very much, as it is protected by the Snowy River National Park. However its flow of water was almost stopped in the 1950's by the building of the Snowy Mountains Scheme to make hydroelectricity. Four large dams were built, at Guthega, Island Bend, Eucumbene, and Jindabyne, as well as many smaller dams and tunnels. Less than 1% of the river flow, as measured at Jindabyne, New South Wales, continued to flow down the river. Concern over the health of river led to an agreement between the state and federal governments to increase the amount of water released back into the river. From 2002 to 2008 the flow was increased from 1% to 4%. The agreement planned to increase the flow to 15% by 2009 and 21% by 2012.


title: Maxwell House

paragraphs: Maxwell House is a corporation of Kraft Foods. It is based only on coffee. It makes both personal and industrial loads of coffee and supplies worldwide. It was started in 1892. Its headquarters are in Tarrytown, New York, U.S.A.


title: Ben Hogan

paragraphs: Ben Hogan (August 13, 1912 – July 25, 1997) was a very successful golfer. He played in many big golf tournaments. Many things are named after Hogan, including golf tournaments.


title: Arsenic and Old Lace

paragraphs: Arsenic and Old Lace is a 1944 movie. In it, two women poison old men with arsenic if they think the men are lonely. Their brother Teddy buries the men in the basement. Cary Grant and Peter Lorre starred in this film.


title: Aleksandr Kerzhakov

paragraphs: Aleksandr Kerzhakov (born 27 November 1982) is a retired Russian football player. He played for Zenit St. Petersburg, Dynamo Moscow, Sevilla and Zürich. He is currently the top scorer of the Russian national team.

paragraphs: This is a list of all the awards and tournaments he won with his team.


title: Makoto Watanabe

paragraphs: Makoto Watanabe (born 25 September 1980) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Kataller Toyama.


title: Kazuaki Kamizono

paragraphs: Kazuaki Kamizono (born 28 January 1981) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Kataller Toyama.


title: Yuya Nagatomi

paragraphs: Yuya Nagatomi (born 30 July 1982) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Kataller Toyama.


title: Kyohei Noda

paragraphs: Kyohei Noda (born 6 October 1981) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Gifu.


title: Slashing

paragraphs: Slashing is an illegal hockey or lacrosse play. A referee calls slashing when a player swings their hockey stick at an opposing player. Slashing is called whether or not the player is hit with the stick. It can also be called if a player breaks an opposing player's stick with their own.

paragraphs: The penalty can be small or large. It often depends on how badly the opposing player is injured.


title: Pat Patterson

paragraphs: Pierre Clermont (born March 19, 1941) is a Canadian retired professional wrestler. He is better known by the ring name Pat Patterson. He currently works as a creative consultant for the WWE.

paragraphs: His career highlights are 2 matches against Sgt. Slaughter at Madison Square Garden in 1981. The rematch was called an "Alley Fight" (with no referee) and remains the wildest and one of the greatest matches in wrestling history. Patterson was the very first man to hold the Intercontinental Heavyweight Championship. Patterson was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame in 1996. Patterson invented the WWE Royal Rumble, which is one of the most popular type of matches and is a hit with fans every year since the first one in 1988.


title: Peer support

paragraphs: Peer support is when a peer who has had the same experience helps another person by teaching them and listening to them. For a person with a disability, peer support is when a disabled person helps another person with the same kind of disability learn about independence and equal rights and how to take part in society. Peer support can help any kind of person who has any kind of problem. Some people can become peer mentors to help younger people.

paragraphs: The Article 26 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities requires also peer support as rehabilitation.


title: Sulphur-crested cockatoo

paragraphs: Sulphur-crested cockatoos are large white parrots with yellow heads and tails. There are four subspecies of the bird. They live in Australian forests. Farmers do not like sulphur-crested cockatoos because the cockatoos eat vegetables that the farmers have grown. They are a protected species, but sometimes get shot.

paragraphs: Many people like sulphur-crested cockatoos and keep them as pets. They are very loud and have a natural desire to chew wood and other materials. They are very long-lived. In captivity they can live to 70 years. One cockatoo called Fred was still alive at 100 years of age in 2014.


title: Salty liquorice

paragraphs: Salty liquorice, or Salmiak, is a salt candy that is eaten in Finland, Sweden and the Netherlands. The candy comes in different strengths; in the Netherlands, it comes as "Zout" (Salted), "Dubbel zout" (Double Salt or DZ) and "Drievoudig zout" (Triple salt, or 3Z). The substance used to give salt liquorice its characteristic taste is not regular table salt, Sodium Chloride (Na2Cl), but Ammonium Chloride (NH4Cl). The Dutch name for this type of Liquorice, Salmiak, comes from the words "Sal Ammoniac", another name for Ammonium Chloride.


title: Gotland

paragraphs: Gotland is an island on the east coast of Sweden. It has a total area of 2,994 square km. It is also the biggest Swedish island. Visby is the biggest city on Gotland.


title: Almunge

paragraphs: Almunge is a small city near Uppsala in Sweden. There were 813 people living here in 2010.


title: Roger Sherman

paragraphs: Roger Sherman (April 19, 1721 – July 23, 1793) was an American politician. He was from Connecticut. He is the only person to have signed the Articles of Association, the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation and the United States Constitution: the four great documents of the starting of the United States. He served in the Continental Congress for several years. Along with Thomas Jefferson, Ben Franklin, John Adams and Robert Livingstone, he was one of the people who helped write the Declaration of Independence. Sherman created the Great (Connecticut) Compromise at the Constitutional Convention. After the Constitution was passed, he was a Congressman and Senator from Connecticut. He also proposed a two-house legislature. Roger Sherman started out as a poor boy in Connecticut. His first career was shoe-making.


title: Hebrew people

paragraphs: The Hebrews (Hebrew: עברים or עבריים) is an ancient Semitic people of Middle East. They are ancestors of Israelites, son of Isaac and Arabs son of Ishmael and descend from Shem, son of Noah and cousin as the descendants of Japheth and the descendants of Ham.

paragraphs: They escape from Ancient Egypt is recounted in Torah in book called Exodus in English, or "" שמות in Hebrew.


title: Roundheads

paragraphs: The Roundheads were a group of people who supported Parliament & Oliver Cromwell during the English Civil War. They were also called 'Parliamentarians'. They fought against Charles I and the Cavaliers otherwise known as 'Royalists'. The Parliamentary army put their soldiers in red coats. The British army continued using red in later centuries.

paragraphs: Some Puritans, but by no means all, wore their hair closely cropped round the head or flat and there was an obvious contrast between them and the men of fashion, who wore long ringlets. "Roundheads" appears to have been first used as a term of derision toward the end of 1641, when the debates in Parliament in the Clergy Act 1640 were causing riots at Westminster. According to John Rushworth the word was first used on 27 December 1641 by a disbanded officer named David Hide, who during a riot is reported to have drawn his sword and said he would "cut the throat of those round-headed dogs that bawled against bishops". A few decades later “Whigs” was the word for men of similar opinions.


title: Cavaliers

paragraphs: Cavaliers was a nickname for the people who fought for King Charles I of England during the English Civil War. They fought against the Roundheads and Parliament. At first the name applied only to the royalist cavalry; the words are similar because they were originally the same word.


title: Mall of America

paragraphs: Mall of America (also MOA, MoA, the Megamall) is a large shopping mall in the Twin Cities suburb of Bloomington, Minnesota, USA. The mall is southeast of the junction of Interstate 494 and Minnesota State Highway 77, north of the Minnesota River and is across the interstate from the Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport. In the United States, it is the second-largest inside mall in terms of retail space but is largest in terms of total enclosed floor area. Opened in 1992, the mall received 40 million visitors in 2006.

paragraphs: "Triple Five Group", owned by the Ghermezian family of Canada, fully owns and manages the property, and has also owned West Edmonton Mall in Canada.

paragraphs: Mall of America (founded by John Scott & Benjamin Clark) has a gross area of 4.2 million square feet (390,000 m²), with 2.5 million sq ft. (230,000 m²) available as retail space. The mall is a nearly symmetric building, with a roughly rectangular floor plan. Over 520 stores are arranged along three levels of pedestrian walkways on the sides of the rectangle, with a fourth level on the East side. An addition planned north of the mall will allow for up to 900 stores. Four "anchor" department stores are at the corners. The Mall is organized into four different zones, each with its own decorative style.

paragraphs: Despite Minnesota's often cold temperatures in the winter, only the mall's entrances are heated. Heat is allowed in through skylights above Nickelodeon Universe. Heat is produced by lighting fixtures, other electric devices and also by employees and guests of the mall in sufficient amounts to keep it comfortable. In fact, even during the winter, air conditioning systems need to be run nonstop during peak hours to ensure a comfortable shopping environment.

paragraphs: Although the common areas are unheated, the individual stores do have heating systems.

paragraphs: Two nearly identical seven story parking ramps on east and west sides provide 12,550 parking spaces. Parking lots on the north and south of the building, along with nearby overflow parking, bring the total number of spaces up to approximately 20,000.

paragraphs: The mall was designed and built by "Triple Five Group", owned by the Ghermezian brothers of Canada, who also own the biggest shopping mall in North America, the West Edmonton Mall. Mall of America is on the past site of Metropolitan Stadium, where the Minnesota Vikings and Minnesota Twins played until the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome opened. The teams left Metropolitan Stadium in 1982. A plaque in the amusement park is where home plate used to be in that stadium. One seat from Met Stadium was placed in Mall of America at its exact location (including elevation) in the stadium, to recognize a 520 foot home run hit by hall-of-famer Harmon Killebrew on June 3, 1967.

paragraphs: In 1986, The Bloomington Port Authority signed an agreement with the Ghermezian Organization. Groundbreaking for the mall took place on June 14, 1989. Organizations involved include Melvin Simon and Associates, Teachers Insurance and Annuity (a.k.a. TIAA), the Triple Five Group, and the office of architect Jon Jerde.

paragraphs: The mall opened its doors to the public August 11, 1992. Even before opening, Mall of America had earned several nicknames, including "The Megamall" (or "The Megamess" during construction), "Sprawl of America", "Hugedale" (in reference to the four major "Dale" shopping malls within the Twin Cities, Rosedale, Southdale, Ridgedale and Brookdale) and, simply, "The Mall".

paragraphs: It became the second largest shopping mall in total area and largest in total store vendors in the United States when it opened, however, the mall has never been the largest in the world (the West Edmonton Mall, opened in 1991, is larger). Mall of America is the most visited shopping mall in the world with more than 40 million visitors annually (or roughly eight times the population of the state of Minnesota). The mall employs over 12,000 workers.

paragraphs: Starting on September 4, 1995, The Mall had an event for live television for the first time. Time-Warner owned professional wrestling company World Championship Wrestling set up in the building for the Inaugural edition of WCW Monday Nitro - also the WCW debut of Lex Luger, under his "The Narcissist" gimmick. This first broadcast on Turner Network Television, along with later editions broadcast from the Mall, would become a well known part of the federation's competition with The World Wrestling Federation.

paragraphs: During its run as a large entertainment and retail venue, certain aspects-such as-have been criticized and closely looked at. A Mardi Gras themed bar, Fat Tuesdays, shut its doors in early 2000 due to indecent exposure and alcohol related offenses, for ignoring warnings from the mall and Bloomington police to not repeat incidents caught on tape the year before. Following that incident were other problems, such as foot traffic within the Mall after the bars (all on the fourth floor) had closed for the evening. The Mall storefronts were closed, however. The Hooters restaurant, the Cantina #1 restaurant and the Theatres at Mall of America movie theater are the only establishments remaining on the fourth floor.

paragraphs: In 2003, after a six year legal battle between Simon Property Group, the managing general partner of the property, and the Ghermezian brothers/Triple Five Group, over majority ownership of the site, a federal appeals judge ruled in favor of the Ghermezians, effectively transferring control and planning authority of the mall back to its original founders. The dispute stemmed from a 1999 purchase of Teacher's Insurance's 27.5% equity stake by Simon Properties, giving them majority ownership. The Ghermezians claimed they were never told of the deal and sued Simon, citing fiduciary responsibility.

paragraphs: On November 3, 2006, the Ghermezians gained full control of Mall of America, spending US$1 billion to do so. The ruling cleared the way for Triple Five to begin work on what is being called "Phase II".

paragraphs: Phase II is the planned expansion for MOA, developing a large, empty area of land north of the mall which was the former home of the Met Center indoor arena and integrating an IKEA store built on a portion of the property in 2004. Phase II, in current form, includes a dinner theatre, ice rink, three hotels, and a waterpark; similar in design to the West Edmonton Mall. The expansion will not make MOA exceed the size of the WEM (itself going under expansion).

paragraphs: MOA currently estimates costs of $1.9 billion for the expansion, doubling the mall's size with a 5.2 million-square-foot extension. The mall's developers have asked for $234 million in state and local subsidies, but the request was vetoed as part of a larger bill by Gov. Tim Pawlenty on its first appearance in the 2006-07 session.

paragraphs: In the meantime, MOA has signed papers to bring in Great Wolf Resorts as the waterpark operator, as well as Bass Pro Shops and a Kimpton Hotel. The expansion section will connect to the mall on all four levels, and an adjacent IKEA store via a second level bridge. There will be an NHL-sized ice rink for public & private skating. There will also be an additional parking ramp, adding 8,000 parking spaces.

paragraphs: There will also be fine art exhibits planned in the expansion, and two upscale department stores. Another plan that was in the works would have been fashions, architecture, and restaurants based after Europe.

paragraphs: On May 18, 2008, the Minnesota State Legislature passed a bill granting the city of Bloomington the right to raise property and sales taxes to pay for the MOA expansion.

paragraphs: Nickelodeon Universe is an indoor theme park in the center of the mall, formerly known as Knott's Camp Snoopy, Camp Snoopy, and The Park at MOA. The park features roller coasters, among numerous other rides and attractions, and is the largest indoor theme park in the United States. Unlike many indoor amusement parks, Nickelodeon Universe has a great deal of natural foliage in and about the park, and its floor has a wide variance in height - the highest ground level in the park is 15 feet above the lowest. This allows for a far more naturalistic experience than would normally occur in an indoor amusement park.

paragraphs: The park features two new roller coasters; SpongeBob SquarePants Rock Bottom Plunge and Avatar Airbender. It also has a miniature golfing section called Moose Mountain. With 18 holes, it is designed to create a challenge for players hoping to seek a hole in one.

paragraphs: Guests travel through a 300 foot long curved tunnel through 14 feet of water to view over 4,500 sea creatures including sharks, turtles, stingrays, and many more. Underwater Adventures offers special events such as sleepovers, scuba diving, snorkeling, and birthday parties.

paragraphs: The mall is used as a major transportation hub in the region, with bus and light rail service linking the mall to other destinations. Regular public transit service is provided by Metro Transit and other area bus lines, and nearby Mystic Lake Casino offers free shuttles to their establishment. The primary bus/rail station for scheduled local service is in the lower level of the eastern parking ramp. There, the Hiawatha Line light rail line connects the mall to the Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport and from there to downtown Minneapolis (another major shopping destination in the region, particularly during weekdays). The mall is being discouraged as a park and ride facility, and overnight parking is banned to prevent passengers taking the train to the airport. Commuters are encouraged to use the nearby 28th Avenue Station's parking lot. The mall is the first stop on the Cedar Avenue Bus Rapid Transitway and the nineteenth, final stop on the Hiawatha Line.


title: Petronas

paragraphs: Petronas is a Malaysian-owned oil and gas company that was founded on August 17, 1974. Petronas is owned by the Malaysia government. It is in charge of all of the oil and gas resources in Malaysia.


title: Telefónica

paragraphs: Telefónica () is a Spanish broadband and telecommunications provider in Europe and Latin America.


title: Union (American Civil War)

paragraphs: During the American Civil War, the Union meant the federal government of the United States, which was supported by the twenty free states and five border states. It was opposed by 11 Southern slave states. The Union states included the Western states of California, Oregon, and (after 1864) Nevada. They also included states then called the "Old Northwest" and now usually thought to be part of the Midwest. However, the Union has been also often called "the North", both then and now. The Union states were mostly richer and more industrialized.


title: Painful sexual act

paragraphs: Painful sexual act is a medical problem where a person feels pain in their genitals before, during, or after a sexual act. Doctors call this problem dyspareunia. It can have physical or emotional causes. Both men and women can have dyspareunia. Up to one-fifth of women (one in every five) may have dyspareunia at some point in their lives.

paragraphs: When a woman experiences a painful sexual act, the pain may distract her from feeling pleasure and excitement. Her vagina will be less lubricated (wet) and will not expand (dilate) as much as usual. When the vagina is dry and undilated, thrusting of the penis is painful. Even after the original cause of her pain has disappeared, a woman may feel pain simply because she expects pain.

paragraphs: In most cases, painful sexual acts have a physical cause at first. There are many physical problems that can cause or worsen painful sexual act. A doctor may be able to identify the cause by doing a careful physical examination and medical history. Some of the most common physical causes are infections of the vagina, urinary tract, cervix, or fallopian tubes; endometriosis; scar tissue left by surgery (like an episiotomy); and ovarian cysts and tumors. Common infections are mycoses (infections caused by a fungus), candidiasis, chlamydia, trichomoniasis, urinary tract infections, coliform bacteria, monilial organisms and herpes). Painful sexual act can also be caused by problems with a woman's anatomy, like hymenal remnants (pieces of the hymen that stay in the vagina) or female genital mutilation, or when the entrance to the vagina has become too small for normal penetration (Sarrell and Sarrell 1989).

paragraphs: In women who are past menopause, a common cause of painful sexual act is having too little estrogen. In women who are breastfeeding, a common cause is dryness of the vagina. Women who are getting radiation therapy for cancer in the pelvic area may have pain during sex because the walls of the vagina have atrophied (wasted away) and are more sensitive to injury. Dryness in the vagina can also be a cause of painful sexual act for women with Sjögren's syndrome, which attacks the glands that create saliva and tears.

paragraphs: Painful sexual act may be one of the first symptoms of cystitis (a bladder infection). People with cystitis may have bladder pain during or after sex. Women with cystitis usually have pain the day after sex, because the muscles around her bladder are spasming (tightening up painfully). Women with cystitis usually also have urinary frequency (needing to urinate a lot) and/or urinary urgency (needing to urinate suddenly).

paragraphs: There are a number of physical factors as well. Pain is sometimes experienced in the testicular or glans area of the penis immediately after ejaculation. Infections of the prostate, bladder, or seminal vesicles can lead to burning or itching sensations following ejaculation. Men suffering from cystitis may experience intense pain at the moment of ejaculation and is focused at the tip of the penis. Gonorrheal infections are associated with burning or sharp penis pains during ejaculation. Urethritis or prostatitis can make genital stimulation painful or uncomfortable. Anatomic deformities of the penis (retraction of a too-tight foreskin) may also result in pain during sexual act.

paragraphs: In men pain in the genital organs during ejaculation or immediately thereafter is experienced as sharp, stabbing, and/or burning, it may be persistent and returning. The duration of pain is usually brief. The immediate cause of psychogenic post ejaculatory pain is the involuntary painful spasm or cramping of certain pain-sensitive muscles in the male genital and reproductive organs, the painful muscle cramps may be attributable to a man’s conflict about ejaculating.

paragraphs: A pelvic floor disorder can also be the cause of pain during and after sex.

paragraphs: Sufferers will see several doctors before a correct diagnosis is made. Sufferers are also often hesitant to seek treatment for chronic vulvar pain, especially since many women begin experiencing symptoms around the same time they become sexually active. Before being successfully diagnosed patients sometimes are told that the pain is "in their head". For the diagnosis doctor carefully takes a history and carefully examines the pelvis to duplicate the discomfort and to identify a site or source of the pelvic pain. The diagnosis of painful sexual act has to be differentiated from conditions known as ‘’’chronic vulvar pain’’’ and vaginismus. It is worth to be sure whether the painful sexual act is acquired or lifelong and whether it is generalized (complete) or situational. During the first two weeks, painful sexual act caused by penis insertion or movement of the penis in the vagina or by deep penetration is often due to disease or injury deep within the pelvis. Inquiry should determine whether the pain is superficial or deep - whether it occurs primarily at the vaginal outlet or vaginal barrel or upon deep thrusting against the cervix. The possible role of psychological factors in either causing or maintaining the pain must be acknowledged.

paragraphs: Atrophy of vagina as a source of painful sexual act is most frequently seen in women after menopause and is generally associated with estrogen deficiency. The latter is associated with inadequacy of lubrication of vagina, which can lead to painful friction during sexual act.


title: Neem

paragraphs: Neem is a tree in the mahogany familysex Meliaceae. It is native to India, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Malaysia and Pakistan. It grows in tropical and semi-tropical regions. It was also the state tree of Hyderabad Deccan.

paragraphs: Neem is a fast-growing tree in India that can reach up to 15–20 m (about 50–65 feet) tall, and sometimes even to 35–40 m (115–131 feet). It is evergreen.It

paragraphs: is found in some major parts of Tamil nadu like tuticorin,tirunelveli ,etc,,

paragraphs: Products made from neem have been used in India for over two millennia for their medicinal properties. They are said to be antifungal, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antiviral, contraceptive and sedative. Neem products are also used in selectively controlling pests in plants. Neem is considered a part of Ayurvedic medicine.

paragraphs: Neem is also known as the' village pharmacy'. All parts of neem are used for preparing many different medicines, especially for skin disease.


Jun Suzuki


title: Minoru Funakoshi

paragraphs: Minoru Funakoshi is a former Japanese football player.


title: Hiroyuki Shinonaga

paragraphs: Hiroyuki Shinonaga (born 1971) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Jorge López Montaña

paragraphs: Jorge López Montaña (born 19 September 1978) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Real Zaragoza.


title: Mazarópi

paragraphs: Mazarópi (born 27 January 1953) is a former Brazilian football player.


Masatada Ishii


title: Ayila Yussuf

paragraphs: Ayila Yussuf (born 4 November 1984) is a Nigerian football player. He plays for Dynamo Kyiv and Nigeria national team.