title: Sulfonamide (drug)

paragraphs: A Sulfonamide (or sulphonamide) is a kind of drug. It is a man-made antibiotic. Their ability to kill infectious bacteria is their main function, but some types have other medical uses. For example, sulfasalazine, in addition to its use as an antibiotic, is also used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.

paragraphs: Sulfonamides (sometimes called sulfa drugs or sulpha drugs) contain the sulfonamide chemical group. The best known of the antibiotic sulfonamide drugs is called Sulfanilimide.

paragraphs: In bacteria, antibacterial sulfonamides inhibit the enzyme DHPS. The enzyme makes folic acid, a B vitamin. The microorganism is "starved" of folate and dies.

paragraphs: Humans, unlike bacteria, get folate (vitamin B) through their diet.

paragraphs: Sulfonamide drugs were the first antimicrobial drugs. They paved the way for the antibiotic revolution in medicine. Experiments with the first sulfonamide began in 1932 in the laboratories of Bayer AG, at that time a component of the huge German chemical trust IG Farben. After years of fruitless trial-and-error work on hundreds of compounds, a team led by physician/researcher Gerhard Domagk finally found one that worked: a red dye synthesized by Bayer chemist Josef Klarer which had remarkable effects on stopping some bacterial infections in mice. The first official communication about the breakthrough discovery was not published until 1935, more than two years after the drug was patented by Klarer and his research partner Fritz Mietzsch.

paragraphs: "Prontosil", as Bayer named the new drug, was the first medicine ever discovered that could effectively treat a range of bacterial infections inside the body. It had a strong protective action against infections caused by streptococci, and a lesser effect on infections caused by other cocci. However, it had no effect at all in the test tube, exerting its antibacterial action only in live animals. Later, it was discovered that the drug was split into two pieces inside the body, releasing from the inactive dye a smaller, colourless, active compound called "sulfanilamide". The discovery dashed the corporation's dreams of enormous profit. The active molecule sulfanilamide (or sulfa) had first been synthesized in 1906 and was widely used in the dye-making industry; its patent had since expired and the drug was available to anyone.

paragraphs: The result was a sulfa craze. As the first and only effective antibiotic available in the years before penicillin, sulfa drugs continued to thrive through the early years of World War II. They are credited with saving the lives of tens of thousands of patients, including Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Jr. (son of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt) (in 1936) and Winston Churchill. Sulfa had a central role in preventing wound infections during the war. American soldiers were issued a first-aid kit containing sulfa pills and powder, and were told to sprinkle the powder on any open wound.

paragraphs: Many thousands of molecules containing the sulfanilamide structure have been created since its discovery (by one account, over 5,400 permutations by 1945). They have greater effectiveness and less toxicity. Sulfa drugs are still widely used for conditions such as acne and urinary tract infections. They are back in favour for use on infections caused by bacteria resistant to other antibiotics.

paragraphs: Sulfonamides are prepared by the reaction of a sulfonyl chloride with ammonia or an amine.


title: Ricardian model

paragraphs: The Ricardian model is a model used in economics, named after David Ricardo. It is an easy way to explain trade between two countries, and the resulting gains. The model only uses workforce productivity to explain differences in international trade. Comparative advantages result from the difference of a single economic factor, that is labor. Workforces in different countries have different levels of productivity, and the resulting opportunity costs are different. In this regard, Ricardo used the ideas of Adam Smith regarding Absolute advantage, and developed them further. The model is described in Ricardo's main work, On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation, published in 1817.


title: Dealey Plaza

paragraphs: Dealey Plaza is a district in the West End of downtown Dallas, Texas.

paragraphs: It is known for being the location where the assassination of John F. Kennedy took place on November 22, 1963. The plaza was named as a National Historic Landmark in 1993.

paragraphs: The former Texas School Book Depository building where both the Warren Commission and the House Select Committee on Assassinations concluded that Lee Harvey Oswald shot and killed President John F. Kennedy with a rifle. The plaza also contains a grassy knoll on the northwest side where the House Select Committee on Assassinations determined that there was "...a high probability” that there was a second assassin that also fired at the President, but missed him.


title: 2001 (Dr. Dre album)

paragraphs: 2001 is the second studio album by American hip hop recording artist Dr. Dre. It was released on November 16, 1999 by Interscope Records. "2001" is the follow-up to Dr. Dre's first album "The Chronic" (1992). The album features several guest rappers such as Hittman, Snoop Dogg, Kurupt, Xzibit, Nate Dogg, and Eminem. "2001" has been certified sextuple platinum in sales by the RIAA after sales of six million copies in the United States.


title: Lake Havasu City

paragraphs: Lake Havasu City is a city in Mohave County, Arizona, United States. According to 2010 Census Bureau estimates, the population of the city was 52,527. It is served by Lake Havasu City Airport. Lake Havasu City is geographically isolated from other cities in Mohave County.

paragraphs: According to the United States Census Bureau the city has a total area 43.2 square miles. Of that, 43.0 square miles is land and 0.04 square miles is water.

paragraphs: Lake Havasu City has an arid desert climate. In the winter months daytime highs usually hit the 63°F (17.2°C) to the 82°F (27.8°C) range. Lows in the winter are usually between 42°F (5.6°C) to 60°F (15.6°C) lows do sometimes hit below 40°F and one night below 32°F. The city has extremely hot summers with the high temperature remaining between 108°F (42.2°C) to 124°F (51.1°C) with the average July high temperature of 112°F (44.4°C). Overnight lows are between 80°F (26.7°C) to 96°F (35.6°C). The highest temperature in Lake Havasu City was 128°F (53.3°C) in June 26, 1994 and the lowest temperature was 25°F (-3.9°C) in December 24, 1990.


title: Big Brother Canada

paragraphs: Big Brother is a Canadian reality television show. The show follows a group of people known as "HouseGuests". They are not allowed to contact anyone from outside the "Big Brother" house. They are under constant surveillance of cameras and microphones. They live in the house for a chance to win $100,000. Each week the HouseGuests will vote to evict one of the two nominees from the house until two remain. The winner is decided by the last seven evicted HouseGuests, known as the "Big Brother" Jury.

paragraphs: The show is based on the original Dutch language show "Big Brother", which was created in 1997 by John de Mol. The Canadian show is produced by Endemol USA and Insight Productions. Insight Productions had produced other Canadian versions of the popular television shows, "Canadian Idol" and "Canada's Got Talent".

paragraphs: In January 2013, Arisa Cox was named as the show's host. The first season aired on February 27, 2013 on Slice. On June 5, 2013, the show announced that it will return for a second season. The winner of the first season was Jillian MacLaughlin. The winner of the first season was Jillian MacLaughlin.

paragraphs: During the final vote Topaz Brady voted for Jillian McLaughlin instead of Gary Levy. She said that she mistakenly voted for Jillian. Topaz pleaded with show producers to allow her vote be changed. However, because of the rules she was not allowed to do so. Topaz's vote for Jillian helped her win "Big Brother". Gary was runner-up and said that he is happy for Jillian.


title: Big Brother 1 (Canada)

paragraphs: Big Brother 1 was the first season of the Canadian reality television game show, "Big Brother". It is based on the Dutch language show of the same name. The show is produced by Endemol USA and Insight Productions. "Big Brother 1" aired on Slice on February 27, 2013. It lasted for 71 days. The first season ended on May 2, 2013. Over 10,000 people applied to be on the show. Only fourteen HouseGuests were needed. However, because a lot of people tried out for the show, producers allowed fifteen people to enter the house. In January 2013, Arisa Cox was announced to be the host of the show.

paragraphs: Jillian McLaughlin was the winner of the first season. Gary Levy was the runner-up in a controversial finale vote of 4-3. Juror Emerald "Topaz" Brady voted for McLaughlin by mistake. She begged for producers so she can change her vote, which they did not allowed.

paragraphs: "Big Brother 1" was similar to that of the one featured in the US version. A group of people, known as "HouseGuests", compete to win the show. They vote each other off to be the last HouseGuest remaining. One HouseGuest, known as the Head of Household, must nominate two of their fellow HouseGuests for eviction. The winner of the Power of Veto has the ability to change the nominations. If they choose to do so, the HoH must nominate another HouseGuest. The HouseGuests then vote to evict one of the nominees. The HouseGuest with the most votes is removed from the show. There was a twist for this season. A phone was placed in the house, and the first person to answer would receive a secret task.


title: Big Brother 2 (Canada)

paragraphs: Big Brother 2 is the upcoming second season of the Canadian reality television game show "Big Brother". It will begin airing on Slice in 2014. The second season was announced on June 5, 2013.

paragraphs: Casting for "Big Brother 2" will begin soon.


title: Western (genre)

paragraphs: The Western is a genre of fiction. Westerns tell stories that are set mostly in the second half of the 19th century in the American Old West, hence the name. There are also stories about Western-type characters set in other times. These include "Junior Bonner" (set in the 1970s) and "The Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada" (set in the 21st century).

paragraphs: The genre has been popular since the beginning of the movie industry. One of the very first commercial movies was the 1903 silent western, "The Great Train Robbery".

paragraphs: There are Western movies, television programs, books, and other things. Here are some examples:


title: Moratuwa

paragraphs: Moratuwa is a large suburb of the city of Colombo, in Sri Lanka. It is 18 km south of the city centre. Moratuwa is surrounded on three sides by water, except in the north of the city, by the Indian Ocean on the west and the Bolgoda lake on the east. The 2001 census recorded a population of 177,190.

paragraphs: The University of Moratuwa is in the suburb. There is also a public library on Galle Road, which was opened in 1987. It was built using the funds raised by Moratuwa Municipal Council to the amount of Rupees 50 Lakhs and 15 laks by the Japanese Organization "World Expansion conservative". The library was built according to Japanese architecture.


title: Sylwia Grzeszczak

paragraphs: Sylwia Grzeszczak (born 7 April 1989) is a singer-songwriter and pianist from Poland.


title: President of South Africa

paragraphs: The President of the Republic of South Africa is the head of state and head of government under the Constitution of South Africa. From 1961 to 1994, the head of state was called the State President.

paragraphs: The role as President of South Africa was originally founded to be different from being prime minister. The two roles were merged in the 1983 constitution which calls for a four-year term of office. The 1993 and later constitutions limit the president's time in office to two five-year terms. The first President to be elected under the new constitution was Nelson Mandela. The current president is Cyril Ramaphosa.


title: Thabo Mbeki

paragraphs: (born 18 June 1942) is a South African politician. He served nine years as the second President of South Africa from 14 June 1999 to 24 September 2008.

paragraphs: On 9 July 2002, he became the first chairperson of African Union. On 20 September 2008, with about nine months left in his second term, Mbeki announced his resignation after being recalled by the African National Congress's National Executive Committee. That was after a meeting by Judge Nicholson for corruption.

paragraphs: Mbeki was born on 18 June 1942 in Mbewuleni, Cape Province, Union of South Africa. He studied economics at the University of London and at the University of Sussex. Mbeki married his wife Zanele Dlamini at Farnham Castle in the United Kingdom in 1974.


title: Kgalema Motlanthe

paragraphs: Kgalema Petrus Motlanthe (born 19 July 1949) is a South African politician who was President of South Africa between 25 September 2008 and 9 May 2009. This happened following the resignation of Thabo Mbeki. After the end of his presidency, Motlanthe was appointed as the Deputy President of South Africa by his successor, current South African president Jacob Zuma. In March 2014, he announced his resignation to become a dean at ANC.

paragraphs: Motlanthe was born on 19 July 1949 in Boksburg, Transvaal Province, Union of South Africa.


title: Pike (weapon)

paragraphs: A pike is a pole weapon. It is a very long heavy thrusting spear formerly used by infantry. A pike is not intended to be thrown. Pikes were used regularly in European warfare starting in the early Middle Ages. Until around 1700 pikes were used by foot soldiers in close order formations.

paragraphs: The pike was a long weapon that got longer over time. It could be as long as 20 feet (6 m). It had a wooden shaft with an iron or steel . It had metal along the sides for three feet (1m) behind the tip so it would not be cut off by a sword or axe.

paragraphs: When many pikes were used together they allowed for a great concentration of spearheads an enemy would have great difficulty getting through. The length also kept the soldier at a greater distance from the enemy. But the length also made pikes difficult to use in close combat. were usually arranged in a very tight formation several lines deep. The earliest of these were called a phalanx formation. It was used by the Macedonians under Philip II of Macedon. It was used by the armies of the Pharoahs in ancient Egypt. It was later used by the Swiss pike columns but this formation was probably based on the Scottish Schildrons. The armies of William Wallace and Robert the Bruce used it to great success against the heavy cavalry of kings Edward I of England and his son Edward II of England.


title: Doctor Who (series 6)

paragraphs: The sixth series of the television programme Doctor Who was shown in two parts. The first seven episodes were broadcast from April to June 2011, and the final six episodes from August to October. The series began with the episode "The Impossible Astronaut" and ended with "The Wedding of River Song". The main series was preceded by "A Christmas Carol", a special episode shown at Christmas in 2010. This was the sixth season to be shown on television since the programme was revived in 2005. It is the thirty-second season overall.

paragraphs: The series stars Matt Smith as the eleventh Doctor. The Doctor is an alien Time Lord who travels through time and space in his TARDIS. It also stars Karen Gillan and Arthur Darvill as his companions, newlyweds Amy Pond and Rory Williams. Alex Kingston also returns as River Song, a woman from the Doctor's future who is revealed throughout the series to be Amy and Rory's daughter. The series continues some of the storylines from the fifth series.


title: Nelson, British Columbia

paragraphs: Nelson is a city in the Canadian province of British Columbia. Nelson is in the Selkirk Mountains in the Southern Interior of British Columbia.

paragraphs: The population of Nelson was 10,230 in 2011. The mayor of Nelson is once again John Dooley after a loosing election.

paragraphs: In 1867, the town had a boom in population when gold and silver were found in the area. Silver was also found at nearby Toad Mountain in 1886. This helped with the population boom and incorporated the town in 1897. Nelson was named after the Lieutenant-Governor of BC, Hugh Nelson. Many American draft dodgers during the Vietnam War settled in and around Nelson.

paragraphs: Historic Baker Street is in Nelson. Steve Martin filmed his 1987 movie "Roxanne" in Nelson which helped Nelson transform from a resource-based town to an arts and tourism town. Parts of the movie "Snow Falling on Cedars" and "The Tall Man" (2012 film) were shot in Nelson.

paragraphs: Many claim Nelson a hometown whether they have moved away long ago or have been living in the Queen City for many years.

paragraphs: Isolated from through fare as highways have evolved all around to bypass Nelson, Once a very Prominent, named Stanley.

paragraphs: A Facebook page "People of Nelson, BC" has grown in popularity for old memories, and "Nelson, B.C." for other attributes.


title: Timex Social Club

paragraphs: Timex Social Club was an American contemporary R&B group. It formed in 1982 in Berkeley, California. The group had several hit pop songs in the 1980s. The most notable one was "Rumors" in 1986. The group were forerunners of new jack swing movements that began during the mid 1980s.


title: Dental caries

paragraphs: The term dental caries refers to tooth decay or cavities in teeth. The decay is made by bacteria destroying parts of the tooth. Dental caries usually lead to substandard breath and bad taste. Personal hygiene caring consists of brushing and flossing daily.

paragraphs: After enamel and dentin are destroyed and cavity reaches the dental pulp and nerves of the tooth, the tooth becomes sensitive since the nerves are exposed. Cavity may infect the jaw and sometimes cause a tooth abscess.

paragraphs: If carbohydrates remain in your mouth for enough time, caries-causing bacteria may form plaque on the tooth surface and attack the tooth.


title: Tichina Arnold

paragraphs: Tichina Arnold (born 28 June 1969) is an American actress who stars primarily in television programs. She played Pamela James in the sitcom "Martin" and Rochelle in the television series "Everybody Hates Chris". Tichina was born in Queens, New York.


title: Times Square Ball

paragraphs: The Times Square Ball is a time ball (a ball dropped at a certain time) at the top of the One Times Square building in Times Square in New York City. It is used as part of the New Year's Eve celebration held yearly in Times Square. Every year at 11:59 p.m. EST, the ball is lowered 141 feet (43 m) from a flagpole, reaching the bottom at midnight to signal the start of a new year. The first ball drop took place on December 31, 1907. It has been dropped every year since then (except in 1942 and 1943 because of World War II). The ball's design has been changed many times over the years. The current design has LED lighting and triangle-shaped crystal panels. Starting in 2009, the ball is shown in One Times Square throughout the year.

paragraphs: The Times Square ball drop is one of the best-known New Year's Eve celebrations in the world. Over one million people come to Times Square every year to see the ball drop. The ball drop is shown on several major television networks. The best known is ABC, which broadcasts "Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve with Ryan Seacrest". It was hosted by Dick Clark until his death in 2012. Ryan Seacrest has hosted the show since 2005-06, hosting with Clark until Clark's death.


title: Emily VanCamp

paragraphs: Emily VanCamp (born May 12, 1986) is a Canadian actress. She is most known for her roles in the WB series "Everwood" as Amy Abbott, as Rebecca Harper in the ABC series "Brothers & Sisters", and as Emily Thorne/Amanda Clarke in the ABC series "Revenge".

paragraphs: She was born in Port Perry, Ontario, Canada. She began dancing at the age of 3, and she attended at the École supérieure de ballet du Québec in Montreal.


title: Buzz Lightyear

paragraphs: Buzz Lightyear is one of the main characters in the movies "Toy Story", "Toy Story 2", "Toy Story 3", and "Buzz Lightyear of the Star Command: The Adventure Begins". He is a space ranger. The character was inspired by the astronaut Buzz Aldrin.

paragraphs: He is voiced by actor Tim Allen in the films, "Toy Story Toons", "Toy Story Racer", "Toy Story 2: The Video Game", commercials and in "Buzz Lightyear of Star Command: The Adventure Begins". Patrick Warburton voice's Buzz for the TV series, and Pat Fraley voiced him for a few video games and the attractions in Disney Parks. Mike MacRae currently voices Buzz in various Disney and Pixar video games.


title: Ion Predescu

paragraphs: Ion Predescu (2 October 1927 – 12 October 2020) was a Romanian lawyer and politician. From 2004 to 2013, he was a judge at the Constitutional Court of Romania. Between 1982 and 1986, he studied at The Law University at Bucharest. He was also a member of the Senate between 1990 to 2004.

paragraphs: Predescu died on 12 October 2020 at the age of 93.


title: Western saloon

paragraphs: A Western saloon is a type of bar that was popular during the Old West.

paragraphs: The very first saloon was created in Brown's Hole, Wyoming, in 1822 and served fur trappers. Some of the saloons offered dancing girls, some of them sometimes doubled as prostitutes. A lot of saloons offered poker, faro, brag, dice games, three-card monte, billiards, darts, and bowling. Some saloons included piano players, can-can girls, and theatrical skits. During his lifetime, Wyatt Earp owned and worked in many saloons.


title: Kaldor-Hicks efficiency

paragraphs: Kaldor–Hicks efficiency, named for Nicholas Kaldor and John Hicks, also known as Kaldor–Hicks criterion, is a measure of economic efficiency. It captures some of the intuitive appeal of Pareto efficiency, but has less stringent criteria. For this reason, it is applicable more often. Under Kaldor–Hicks efficiency, an outcome is considered more efficient if a Pareto optimal outcome can be reached by arranging sufficient compensation from those that are made better off to those that are made worse off so that all would end up no worse off than before.


title: Inferior good

paragraphs: In economics, an inferior good is a good that decreases in demand when the income of the consumer rises. People with little income might buy bread in the supermarket, but when their income increases, they buy their bread in the bakery instead. They did not buy from the bakery before, because the bread in the bakery is more expensive than the bread in the supermarket.

paragraphs: Goods where the demand rises with the income are called "normal goods".


title: Normal good

paragraphs: In economics, a normal good is a good whose consumption rises when the income increases. As an example, people who earn more money, might go to the cinema more often. Tickets for the cinema are therefore a normal good.

paragraphs: A good where the consumption decreases when the income increases is called "inferior".


title: Marginal utility

paragraphs: Marginal utility is a concept from economics that describes the change in utility from consuming more or less of a good or service. Economists sometimes speak of a law of diminishing marginal utility, meaning that consuming the first unit usually has a higher utility than every other unit. When the number of units that are consumed increases, their marginal utility decreases.

paragraphs: The more we have a commodity or a service, the less we want to have more of it.


title: Veblen good

paragraphs: In economics, a Veblen good is a good whose preference and consumption increases with its price. This is against the Law of supply and demand. The goods are named after Thorstein Veblen, who first described the effect of conspicuous consumption in 1899. Veblen goods are often also positional goods.


title: Implicit memory

paragraphs: Implicit memory is a part of memory where previous experiences of how to do a task helps with doing the task again. Implicit memory is unconscious memory: the person or animal performing the task is not aware of the presence of implicit memory.

paragraphs: Evidence for implicit memory occurs in priming, a process where subjects are measured by how they have improved their performance on tasks for which they have been subconsciously prepared. Implicit memory also leads to the illusion-of-truth effect. Subjects are more likely to say statements that they have already heard are true, regardless of their actual truth. In daily life, people rely on implicit memory every day in the form of procedural memory. This is the kind of memory which allows people to remember how to tie their shoes or ride a bicycle without consciously thinking about these activities. Research into implicit memory indicates that it operates through a different mental process than explicit memory.


title: Scott Brown

paragraphs: Scott Brown (born September 12, 1959) is an American attorney and politician. He is the United States Ambassador to New Zealand since June 8, 2017. He was a United States Senator from the state of Massachusetts from 2010 to 2013. He is a member of the U.S. Republican Party.

paragraphs: Brown was born on September 12, 1959 in Kittery, Maine. He studied at Tufts University and at Boston College.

paragraphs: On February 17, 2017, news media outlets reported that Brown was under consideration by President Donald Trump to be the U.S. ambassador to New Zealand. On April 20, 2017, it was reported that he was chosen to be the next Ambassador to New Zealand.

paragraphs: On June 8, 2017, the United States Senate confirmed his nomination to a 94-4 vote.


title: Jeff Flake

paragraphs: Jeff Flake (born December 31, 1962) is an American politician. He was the United States Senator from Arizona. He is a member of the U.S. Republican Party. He was in the Senate from January 3, 2013 to January 3, 2019. He was in the United States House of Representatives from 2001 to 2013.

paragraphs: Flake was born on December 31, 1962 in Snowflake, Arizona. He graduated from the Brigham Young University. He is married to Cheryl. They have five children.

paragraphs: After criticizing President Donald Trump and with low approval ratings, Flake announced on October 24, 2017, that he would retire at the end of his current term instead of seeking reelection in 2018.


title: Bucharest Botanical Garden

paragraphs: The Bucharest Botanical Garden () is a park in the Cotroceni neighbourhood of Bucharest, Romania. It has a surface of 17.5 hectares (including 4,000 m² of greenhouses), and has more than 10,000 species of plants.

paragraphs: The first botanical garden in Bucharest was founded in 1860 near the Medicine Faculty by Carol Davila. Its first director was the botanist Ulrich Hoffmann, followed six years later by Dimitrie Grecescu. The garden was eventually moved to its current location in 1884 by Dimitrie Brândză, a Romanian botanist, and Fuchs, a Belgian landscape architect. The gardens were opened in 1891, when the building of the greenhouses finished. The garden was damaged during World War I, when it was used by the German occupation troops, and during World War II when it was hit by Anglo-American bombardments.

paragraphs: In the Garden there is a Botanical Museum in a building of the Brâncovenesc style, located near the entrance gate, where more than 5,000 plant species are displayed, including 1,000 exotic plants.


title: Barriers to entry

paragraphs: In economics, barriers to entry (also known as barrier to entry) refers to the things that makes it difficult for a firm or a person to enter a market. These are called obstacles and makes it harder for a firm or a person to enter a market. Examples of barriers to entry include government regulation for firms and the need for a certain level of education for a person.

paragraphs: Barriers to entry helps to protect existing firms in the market from new firms entering a market and thus reduces competition in the market, which causes prices to be higher than what is accepted by society. Monopolies and market power is thus formed due to the existence of barriers to entry.

paragraphs: While the general definition of barriers to entry refers to the obstacles that makes it difficult for a firm or a person to enter a market, there are certain differences in the definitions given by economists as given below.


title: Volodymyr Ivasyuk

paragraphs: Volodymyr Mykhailovych Ivasyuk (March 4, 1949 – May 18, 1979) - was an iconic Ukrainian songwriter, composer and poet. He is the author and composer of the widely popular song "Chervona Ruta" popularized by Sofia Rotaru in 1971, and later covered by other singers.

paragraphs: Ivasyuk was born in the city of Kitsman, Chernivtsi Oblast, on March 4, 1949. His father Mykhaylo Ivasyuk was a well-known writer from Bukovyna.


title: Roy Blunt

paragraphs: Roy Blunt (born January 10, 1950) is the senior United States Senator from Missouri. He is a member of the U.S. Republican Party and has been in Senate since January 3, 2011. He was in the United States House of Representatives from 1997 to 2011.

paragraphs: Blunt was born on January 10, 1950 in Niangua, Missouri. He studied at Southwest Baptist University and at Missouri State University, Springfield. He is married to Abigail Perlman.


title: 2015 CONCACAF Gold Cup

paragraphs: The 2015 CONCACAF Gold Cup was the 13th edition of the CONCACAF Gold Cup. It took place in the United States and Canada.

paragraphs: All match times below are in Eastern Daylight Time (EDT).


title: CONCACAF Gold Cup

paragraphs: The CONCACAF Gold Cup (Spanish: Copa de Oro de la CONCACAF; also called the CONCACAF Championship) is an association football tournament.

paragraphs: The first tournament was held in 1991. Before 1991, the CONCACAF Championship was the first organized tournament for national teams in the region. The CONCACAF Championship was abolished in 1989.

paragraphs: The CONCACAF Gold Cup features teams from Central America, North America and the Caribbean. The Mexico national football team has been the most successful team in the tournament, with 7 titles.


title: Matt Blunt

paragraphs: Matt Blunt (born November 20, 1970) is an American politician. He was the Governor of Missouri from 2005 to 2009. He is a member of the U.S. Republican Party.

paragraphs: Blunt was born on November 20, 1970 in Greene County, Missouri. He graduated from the United States Naval Academy. He is married to Melanie Blunt. They have two children.


title: Jim Talent

paragraphs: Jim Talent (born October 18, 1956) is a former United States Senator from the state of Missouri. He is a member of the U.S. Republican Party. He was in the United States House of Representatives from 1993 to 2001.

paragraphs: Talent was born on October 18, 1956 in Des Peres, Missouri. He studied at Washington University in St. Louis and at University of Chicago Law School. He is married to Brenda Lee Lyons Talent. They have three children.


title: David Vitter

paragraphs: David Vitter (born May 3, 1961) is an American politician, lawyer and lobbyist. He was the United States Senator from Louisiana from 2005 to 2017. He is a member of the U.S. Republican Party and has been in Senate since January 3, 2005. He was in the United States House of Representatives from 1999 to 2005.

paragraphs: Vitter was born on November 17, 1961 in New Orleans, Louisiana. He studied at Harvard University, at Magdalen College, Oxford, and at Tulane University. He is married to Wendy Baldwin. They have four children.


title: Dan Coats

paragraphs: Daniel Ray "Dan" Coats (born May 16, 1943) is an American politician. Coats is the 5th and current Director of National Intelligence serving since March 15, 2017. He served as United States Senator from Indiana from 1989 to 1999 and 2011 to 2017. He is a member of the U.S. Republican Party. He was in the United States House of Representatives from 1981 to 1989.

paragraphs: In March 2015, Coats announced his retirement and said he would not run for re-election in 2016. He was replaced by Republican Todd Young.

paragraphs: On January 5, 2017, Coats was nominated by President Elect Donald Trump for Director of National Intelligence, succeeding James R. Clapper. In August 2019, Coats announced his resignation.

paragraphs: Coats was born on May 16, 1943 in Jackson, Michigan. He studied at Wheaton College in Illinois and at Indiana University, Indianapolis.

paragraphs: From 1976 to 1980, Coats worked for then-U.S. Representative Dan Quayle, a Republican from Indiana's 4th congressional district, as Quayle's district representative. When Quayle decided to challenge three-term Democratic incumbent Birch Bayh in the 1980 U.S. Senate election, Coats ran for and won Quayle's seat in the U.S. House.

paragraphs: When Quayle resigned from the Senate after being elected Vice President of the United States in 1988, Coats was appointed to Quayle’s former seat. Coats was subsequently elected to the seat in 1990 and 1992 and served in the Senate until January 1999, when Evan Bayh became the new Senator. Coats announced on February 3, 2010, he would run for his old Senate seat and on February 16, 2010, Bayh announced his intention to retire. Coats went on to win that Senate seat.

paragraphs: Coats announced in March 2015 that he would not run for re-election in 2016.

paragraphs: From August 15, 2001, to February 28, 2005, Coats was the United States Ambassador to Germany. As ambassador during the lead-up to the Iraq war, he pressured the German government not to oppose the war, threatening worsened US relations with Germany. As Ambassador he also played a critical role in establishing robust relations with then opposition leader Angela Merkel and in the construction of a new United States Embassy in the heart of Berlin next to the Brandenburg Gate.

paragraphs: On January 5, 2017, then-President-elect of the United States Donald Trump nominated Coats to serve as Director of National Intelligence. The United States senate confirmation hearing was held on February 28, 2017. His nomination was confirmed by the senate with a 85-12.

paragraphs: Coats step down from his position on August 15, 2019. He announced his resignation on July 28.

paragraphs: Coats is married to Marsha Coats. They have three children. Coats lives in Fort Wayne, Indiana.


title: Stromboli

paragraphs: Stromboli is a small island in the Tyrrhenian Sea, off the north coast of Sicily. It has one of the three active volcanoes in Italy.

paragraphs: Stromboli is one of the eight Aeolian Islands, a volcanic arc north of Sicily. The volcano has erupted many times and is constantly active with minor eruptions, often visible from many points on the island and from the surrounding sea. This gave rise to the island's nickname "Lighthouse of the Mediterranean". The most recent major eruption was on 13 April 2009. Stromboli stands 926 m (3,034 ft) above sea level, and over 2,700 m (8,860 ft) on average above the sea floor.

paragraphs: There are three active craters at the peak. A significant geological feature of the volcano is the "Sciara del Fuoco" (stream of fire), a big horseshoe-shaped depression generated in the last 13,000 years by several collapses on the northwestern side of the cone. Two kilometers to the northeast lies Strombolicchio, the volcanic plug remnant of the original volcano.


title: 2015 Chattanooga shootings

paragraphs: On July 16, 2015, a gunman opened fire on two military installations in Chattanooga, Tennessee, killing five service members. Another service member and a police officer were wounded. The gunman, Muhammad Youssef Abdulazeez, was killed at the site of the second shooting.


title: Alan Kupperberg

paragraphs: Alan Kupperberg (May 18, 1953 – July 16, 2015) was an American comic artist. He was known for working in both comic books and newspaper strips. He began writing and drawing for Marvel Comics in 1974. Kupperberg has done illustrations for Archie Comics, "National Lampoon", "Cracked" magazine, "Spy", and McClannahan Books.

paragraphs: Kupperberg died in New York City from thyroid cancer, aged 62.


title: Fred: The Movie

paragraphs: Fred: The Movie is a 2010 American comedy film, directed by Clay Weiner. The film is based on the adventures of Fred Figglehorn. He is a character created and played by Lucas Cruikshank for Cruikshank's YouTube channel. Critics gave the movie poor reviews. It has a 0% rating at Rotten Tomatoes and only 31% of audience members liked it. Common Sense Media said "YouTube star's movie is fraught with disaster for tweens." The Guardian's Peter Bradshaw wrote "The feature-film version of the squeaky-voiced YouTube hit is unbelievably irritating – and frankly a waste of time." But kids apparently liked it. The premiere of "Fred: The Movie" drew an audience of 7.6 million.


title: Kit Bond

paragraphs: Kit Bond (born March 6, 1939) is a former United States Senator from Missouri and a member of the Republican Party. Before his career in the U.S. Senate, Bond served two non-consecutive terms as Governor of Missouri, from 1973 to 1977 and from 1981 to 1985. He was previously State Auditor of Missouri from 1971 to 1973.

paragraphs: Bond was born on March 6, 1939 in St. Louis, Missouri. In 1960 he graduated from Princeton University. He received a law degree from the University of Virginia School of Law. He is married to Linda Bond.


title: Arrondissements of the Aude department

paragraphs: There are 3 arrondissements in the Aude department. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into "arrondissements", which may be translated into English as districts (in some cases, as boroughs). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.

paragraphs: If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.

paragraphs: Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

paragraphs: Since its creation, the Aude department has had few changes:


title: Arrondissement of Carcassonne

paragraphs: The arrondissement of Carcassonne is an arrondissement of France in the Occitanie region. It is part of the Aude "département". Its capital, and prefecture of the department, is the city of Carcassonne.

paragraphs: When the Aude department was created on 17 February 1800, the "arrondissement" of Carcassonne was part of that original department.

paragraphs: It is the largest in area of the "arrondissements" of the department, with an area of , and the one with more people living in it with 161,442 inhabitants and a density of inhabitants/km².

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Carcassonne covers the northwestern part of the Aude department; it is surrounded by departments of the Occitanie region and is bordered to the north by the Tarn department, to the northeast by the Hérault department, to the east by the "arrondissement" of Narbonne, to the south by the Pyrénées-Orientales department, to the southwest by the "arrondissement" of Limoux, to the west by the Ariège department and to the northwest by the Haute-Garonne department.

paragraphs: After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements".

paragraphs: In the "arrondissement" of Carcassonne, there are 7 cantons whose "communes" are in the "arrondissement" but 3 that have "communes" in other "arrondissements", as can be seen in the following table:

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Carcassonne has 207 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes):

paragraphs: The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are:


title: Arrondissement of Limoux

paragraphs: The arrondissement of Limoux is an arrondissement of France. It is part of the Aude "département" in the Occitanie region. Its capital, and subprefecture of the department, is the city of Limoux.

paragraphs: When the Aude department was created on 17 February 1800, the "arrondissement" of Limoux was part of that original department.

paragraphs: It is the southernmost of the "arrondissements" of the department, with an area of , with a population of 44,467 inhabitants and a density of inhabitants/km².

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Limoux is bordered to the north and east by the "arrondissement" of Carcassonne, to the south by the Pyrénées-Orientales department, and to the west by the Ariège department.

paragraphs: In the "arrondissement" of Limoux, there are 2 cantons whose "communes" are in the "arrondissement" and 2 that has some of its "communes" in other "arrondissements", as can be seen in the following table:

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Limoux has 147 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes):


title: Arrondissement of Narbonne

paragraphs: The arrondissement of Narbonne is an arrondissement of France. It is part of the Aude "département" in the Occitanie region. Its capital, and subprefecture of the department, is the city of Narbonne.

paragraphs: When the Aude department was created on 17 February 1800, the "arrondissement" of Narbonne was part of that original department.

paragraphs: It is the easternmost and second largest of the "arrondissements" of the department, with an area of , with a population of 159,569 inhabitants and a density of inhabitants/km².

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Narbonne is bordered to the north by the Hérault department, to the east by the Mediterranean Sea, to the south by the Pyrénées-Orientales department and to the west by the "arrondissement" of Carcassonne.

paragraphs: In the "arrondissement" of Narbonne, there are 7 cantons whose "communes" are in the "arrondissement" and only one that has some of its "communes" in other "arrondissements", as can be seen in the following table:

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Narbonne has 82 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes):


title: Yoichiro Nambu

paragraphs: Nambu was known for his works to the field of theoretical physics, he was awarded a one-half share of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2008 for the discovery in 1960 of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics, related at first to the strong interaction's chiral symmetry and later to the electroweak interaction and Higgs mechanism.

paragraphs: The other half share was split equally between Makoto Kobayashi and Toshihide Maskawa "for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature."


title: Van Miller

paragraphs: Van Miller (November 22, 1927 – July 17, 2015) was an American radio and television sports announcer. He was born in Dunkirk, New York. Miller was known for being the official sports announcer for the Buffalo Bills of the National Football League. He worked for them from 1960 to 1971, and again from 1977 to 2003. At the time of his retirement in 2003, Miller was the longest-tenured commentator with one team (37 years) in pro football history.

paragraphs: Miller died from natural causes in Buffalo, New York, aged 87.


title: Zhenyuanlong

paragraphs: Zhenyuanlong is a genus of dromaeosaurid dinosaur from the Yixian Formation of Liaoning, China. It lived in the early Cretaceous period, about 125 million years ago.

paragraphs: There is just one specimen. It is estimated the skeleton would have been about 165 centimetres (5.41 ft) long when complete. That means the animal was too large to have flown, especially since early flight was, almost certainly, less efficient than the flight of modern birds. It would surely have looked more like a bird than a modern reptile. This is shown in most reconstructions of dinobirds.

paragraphs: This type specimen has a nearly complete skeleton with traces of feathers, including long tail feathers and large wings. This specimen is the first evidence of well-developed feathers in a large, non-flying dromaeosaur. The feathers probably had two functions: temperature control and signalling.


title: Jon Kyl

paragraphs: Jon Llewellyn Kyl (born April 25, 1942) is an American politician. He served as the United States Senator from Arizona from September 2018 to December 2018 after the death of John McCain. He is a member of the Republican Party. He was in the United States House of Representatives from 1987 to 1995. Before his 2018 appointment, Kyle served in the United States Senate from January 3, 1995, to January 3, 2013. He was the senate Republican party whip from 2007 until 2013.

paragraphs: Kyl was born on April 25, 1942 in Oakland, Nebraska. He was the son of John Henry Kyl, a Republican congressman from Iowa. In 1964 he graduated from the University of Arizona with a bachelor's degree in political science. In 1966 Kyle graduated Phi Beta Kappa from the University of Arizona's James E. Rogers College of Law. He was editor-in-chief of the school's law review. In 1966 Kyle joined the Phoenix, Arizona law firm of Jennings, Strouss, and Salmon. In 1985, he was a member of the Phoenix Chamber of Commerce. He is married to Caryll Collins. They have two children and several grandchildren.

paragraphs: In September 2018, Kyl was appointed by Governor Doug Ducey to serve in the Senate seat left empty by the death of John McCain. He retired from the Senate on December 31, 2018.


title: Norm Coleman

paragraphs: Norm Coleman (born August 17, 1949) is an American politician. He is a former United States Senator from Minnesota. Before becoming a Senator, he was Mayor of Saint Paul, Minnesota (1994–2002). He ran for Governor of Minnesota in 1998 but lost to Jesse Ventura.

paragraphs: Coleman was born on August 17, 1949 in Brooklyn, New York City. He graduated from Hofstra University. Coleman received his J.D. degree from the University of Iowa College of Law. He is married to Laurie (Casserly) Coleman. They have four children.


title: Alex Rocco

paragraphs: Alex Rocco (born Alexander Federico Petricone; (February 29, 1936 - July 18, 2015) was an American actor. He was known for his roles as Moe Greene in "The Godfather". He was also known for his roles in "Facts of Life", "The Famous Teddy Z", "The Simpsons", "A Bug's Life", "Get Shorty", and "The Iron Giant". He won an Emmy Award in 1990.


title: John Taylor (jazz)

paragraphs: John Taylor (25 September 1942 – 17 July 2015) was a British jazz pianist. He was born in Manchester. Taylor was known for forming the Jazz band Azimuth.

paragraphs: Taylor died of a heart attack at the age of 72.


title: Fred Wendorf

paragraphs: Denver Fred Wendorf (July 31, 1924 – July 15, 2015) was an American archaeologist. He was a professor "emeritus" of Anthropology at Southern Methodist University. He received his Ph.D. in 1953 from Harvard University, and founded the anthropology department at SMU along with founding the Fort Burgwin Research Center in Taos, New Mexico.

paragraphs: Wendorf was a member of the United States National Academy of Sciences.


title: Galina Prozumenshchikova

paragraphs: Galina Nikolayevna Prozumenshchikova (, ); 26 November 1948 – 19 July 2015) was a Soviet breaststroke swimmer. She was bornn in Sevastopol, Russian SFSR.

paragraphs: She won five Olympic medals in 1964, 1968 and 1972 and five European Championships medals in 1966 and 1970. Her first Olympic medal, the gold in 200 m breaststroke in 1964, was the first Olympic gold in swimming for the Soviet Union. In 1964–1966 she set five world records: four in 200 m and one in 100 m breaststroke events. Between 1963 and 1972 she won 15 national titles and set 27 national records.


title: Ghost net

paragraphs: Ghost nets are fishing nets that have been lost or that have been been left by fishermen. These nets then float around in the sea, or they end up attached to a rock or other structure. This poses a problem, because the nets continue working. Fish and other animals get caught, and then starve, or die of other causes. Since most nets use plastic, they take a long time to decay. In addition, the nets may release toxic substances while they decay.

paragraphs: Since 1997, there has been a large pile of plastic floating in the Pacific Ocean, hundreds of miles wide. People used to think it was made of pieces of plastic that had been thrown away by ordinary people, but in 2018 scientists found that it was mostly lost fishing nets and other fishing tools from large fishing boats.


title: Harry Landers

paragraphs: Harold "Harry" Landers (born Harold Sorokin; September 3, 1921 – September 10, 2017) was an American actor. He was born in New York City, New York. He was known for his roles in "Up Periscope" (1959), "The Gallant Hours" (1960), and the Elvis Presley western "Charro!" (1969).

paragraphs: On January 4, 2018, it was announced that Landers died on September 10, 2017 in Calabasas, California of natural causes at the age of 96.


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title: William Phipps

paragraphs: William Edward "Bill" Phipps (February 4, 1922 – June 1, 2018) was a retired American actor and producer. He was best known for his roles in dozens of classic sci-fi and westerns, both in movies and on television. He was known for making the voice of Prince Charming in Walt Disney's "Cinderella" (1950).

paragraphs: Phipps died at his home in Santa Monica, California from complications of lung cancer on June 1, 2018 at the age of 96.


title: Oskar Gröning

paragraphs: Oskar Gröning (sometimes transliterated as Oscar Groening in English; 10 June 1921 – 9 March 2018) was a German former SS-"Unterscharführe"former member of the Waffen-SS. He was stationed at Auschwitz concentration camp. Early life

paragraphs: Gröning was born on 10 June 1921, in Lower Saxony, the son of a strict conservative and skilled textile worker. His mother died when he was four.

paragraphs: His responsibilities included counting and sorting the money taken from prisoners, and he was in charge of the effects prisoners had arrived with. On a few occasions he witnessed the procedures of mass-killing in the camp. Gröning was captured by the British on 10 June 1945.

paragraphs: Upon his return to Germany he led a normal life, reluctant to talk about his time in Auschwitz. However, more than 40 years later, he decided to make his activities at Auschwitz public after learning about Holocaust denial. He has since openly criticised those who deny the events that he witnessed.

paragraphs: In September 2014, Gröning was charged by German prosecutors as an accessory to murder, in 300,000 cases, for his role at the Auschwitz concentration camp. His trial began in April 2015, after the court had ruled that, at the age of 93, he was still fit to stand trial. The trial was held in Lüneburg, Germany. On 15 July 2015 he was found guilty of facilitating mass murder and sentenced to four years imprisonment.

paragraphs: On 9 March 2018, Gröning died at hospital before he had to begin his sentence, aged 96.


title: Gennadiy Seleznyov

paragraphs: Gennadiy Nikolayevich Seleznyov (; 6 November 1947 – 19 July 2015) was a Russian politician. He was the Speaker of the Duma from 1996 to 2003.

paragraphs: Seleznyov died in Moscow at the age of 67.


title: Overlord

paragraphs: In the feudal system an overlord sometimes ruled over mesne lords


title: Gerd von Rundstedt

paragraphs: Karl Rudolf Gerd von Rundstedt (12 December 1875 – 24 February 1953) was a German Field Marshal ("Generalfeldmarschall") during World War II.

paragraphs: Rundstedt was born into a Prussian family with a long military tradition. He joined the Imperial German Army in 1892 and rose through the ranks. In World War I he served mainly as a staff officer. In the inter-war years, he continued his military career, reaching the rank of Colonel General ("Generaloberst") before retiring in 1938.

paragraphs: He was recalled to the Wehrmacht at the start of World War II for the Polish campaign. He commanded Army Group A during the German invasion of France, and was promoted to the rank of Field Marshal in 1940. In the Russian Campaign, he commanded Army Group South. The achieved the largest encirclement in history at the first Battle of Kiev.

paragraphs: Rundstedt was dismissed by Adolf Hitler in December 1941, after the German retreat from Rostov, but was recalled in 1942 and appointed Commander in Chief in the West.

paragraphs: He was dismissed again after the German defeat in Normandy in July 1944, but was again recalled as Commander in Chief in the West in September, holding this post until his final dismissal by Hitler in March 1945.

paragraphs: Rundstedt was aware of the various plots to depose Hitler, but refused to support them. After the war, he was charged with war crimes, but did not face trial due to his age and poor health. He was released in 1949, and died in Hanover in 1953.


title: Wyatt Earp

paragraphs: Wyatt Berry Stapp Earp (March 19, 1848 – January 13, 1929) was a Deputy U.S. Marshal, Deputy Sheriff, and Deputy Town Marshal in the Old West. In Tombstone, Arizona Territory, Earp took part in the Gunfight at (near) the O.K. Corral, during which lawmen killed three outlaws.

paragraphs: He is often regarded as the central figure in the shootout in Tombstone, but his brother Virgil was Tombstone City Marshal and Deputy U.S. Marshal that day. His brother had more experience as a sheriff, constable, marshal, and soldier in combat.

paragraphs: Earp lived a restless life. He was at different times in his life a constable, city policeman, county sheriff, Deputy U.S. Marshal, Deputy Sheriff, teamster, buffalo hunter, saloon-owner, gambler, mine owner, bouncer, brothel owner, and boxing referee.

paragraphs: After an unsettled life as a young man, Earp landed in the cattle boomtown of Wichita, Kansas, where he became a deputy city marshal for one year and developed a solid reputation as a lawman. In 1876, he followed his brother James to Dodge City, Kansas, where he became an assistant city marshal. In winter 1878, he went to Texas to gamble, where he met John Henry "Doc" Holliday, whom Earp said saved his life.

paragraphs: Earp moved constantly throughout his life from one boomtown to another. He left Dodge City in 1879 and moved to Tombstone with his brothers James and Virgil, where a silver boom was underway. The Earps bought an interest in the Vizina mine and some water rights. Wyatt, Virgil, and their younger brother Morgan held various law enforcement positions that put them in conflict with Tom and Frank McLaury, and Ike and Billy Clanton, who threatened to kill the Earps.

paragraphs: The conflict escalated over the next year, culminating on October 26, 1881 in the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral, in which the Earps and Holliday killed three of the "Cowboys" (the Clanton/ McLaury group). In the next five months, Virgil was ambushed and maimed, and Morgan was assassinated. Pursuing a vendetta, Wyatt, his brother Warren, Holliday, and others formed a federal posse that killed three of the Cowboys whom they thought responsible. Wyatt was never wounded in any of the gunfights, unlike his brothers Virgil and James or Doc Holliday, which only added to his mystique after his death.

paragraphs: After Earp died in 1929, a flattering, largely fictionalized biography was published in 1931. It became a bestseller, and made his reputation as a fearless lawman. Since then, Wyatt Earp has been the subject of and model for numerous films, TV shows, biographies, and works of fiction that have increased his mystique. Earp's modern-day reputation is that of the Old West's "toughest and deadliest gunman of his day". Wyatt Earp has become synonymous with the image of the Western lawman, and is a symbol of American frontier justice.

paragraphs: Two years before his death, Earp defended his decisions before the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral and his actions afterward in an interview with Stuart Lake, author of the 1931 largely fictionalized biography, "Wyatt Earp: Frontier Marshal":


title: Gibson SG

paragraphs: Gibson SG is a solid body electric guitar model that was introduced in 1961 (as Gibson Les Paul) by Gibson Guitar Corporation. These guitars are still being made. Some models are different from the original. The SG Standard is Gibson's best selling model of all time.


title: Negative temperature

paragraphs: In physics, absolute zero (0 K) is the coldest temperature. At that point, subatomic particles stop moving (entropy is at its minimum). Certain things can reach temperatures below absolute zero, known as negative temperatures. This is very difficult to do, and only very small objects can reach negative temperatures.

paragraphs: It might seem absurd, but things at negative temperatures are actually "hotter" than things at positive temperatures (above absolute zero). If something with a negative temperature comes in contact with a positive-temperature object, heat will go from the negative object to the positive. This is because temperature is a trade-off between energy and entropy. If you add energy to a positive-temperature object, it will "increase" in entropy. If you add energy to a negative-temperature object, it will "decrease" in entropy.

paragraphs: Many objects cannot achieve negative temperatures, because adding energy to them will increase their entropy. Only very small things discussed in quantum mechanics can reach this state.


title: Algarve Cup

paragraphs: The Algarve Cup is a yearly women's association football tournament that has international teams from around the world. It takes place in the Algarve area of Portugal.

paragraphs: The team with the most titles is the United States, with 10. Norway has also won the tournament four times, Germany three times, Sweden three times, China twice and Canada and Spain have won it once.

paragraphs: Even though the Algarve Cup is a very important tournament in women's football, there is no male version of the tournament.


title: Charlie Villanueva

paragraphs: Charlie Alexander Villanueva is a Dominican-American professional basketball player. He has played for the Dallas Mavericks of the National Basketball Association.


title: 2015 Algarve Cup

paragraphs: The 2015 Algarve Cup was the 22nd Algarve Cup. It was won by the United States.


title: Joyce DeWitt

paragraphs: Joyce DeWitt (born April 23, 1949) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Janet in ABC's sitcom "Three's Company". Before working in television, DeWitt was a theater actress.


title: Ann Wedgeworth

paragraphs: Ann Wedgeworth (January 21, 1934 – November 16, 2017) was an American actress. She was best known for her roles as Lana Shields on "Three's Company" and Merleen Elridge on "Evening Shade".

paragraphs: On "Three's Company", Wedgeworth's character pursued the younger Jack Tripper. Wedgeworth was written out of "Three's Company" due to producers thinking that was too much for the show. However, Wedgeworth said that she asked to be released from her contract when she noticed her role became smaller.

paragraphs: Wedgeworth died on November 16, 2017, aged 83.


title: France women's national football team

paragraphs: The France women's national football team is the women's association football team that represents France. The team wasn't very good in the beginning, but they became a powerful team. They reached the quarter-finals of the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup. They finished fourth in the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup. Their best performance in the UEFA Women's Championship was in the 2013 and 2007 tournament, where they reached the quarter-finals. The top scorer of the team is currently Marinette Pichon, with 81 goals.


title: Marinette Pichon

paragraphs: Marinette Pichon (born on 26 November 1975 in Bar-sur-Aube, France) is a retired association football player who played for FCF Juvisy, New Jersey Wildcats, etc. and the France women's national football team. She is currently the top scorer of the French team.


title: Louisa Nécib

paragraphs: Louisa Nécib (born 23 January 1987 in Marseille, France, also called Ziza) is a retired French association football player. She is of Algerian descent. Nécib played for Olympique Lyonnais for most of her career. She was often compared to the great French player, Zinedine Zidane.

paragraphs: She was born in Marseille, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France on 23 January 1987 to Algerian parents. She was raised in Busserine, a quarter in the Northern part of Marseille. She loved football at a young age. Before that, she was a gymnast. After joining Olympique Lyonnais in 2007, she went to "Claude Bernard University Lyon 1", a university in Marseille. She wanted to study "Science and Technology of Sport and Physical Activity."


title: Cyprus Cup

paragraphs: The Cyprus Cup is a yearly women's association football tournament that has international teams from around the world. It takes place in the European country of Cyprus. The teams with the most titles are Canada and England, with 3 titles each.


title: Sterling banknote

paragraphs: Sterling banknotes are the banknotes in circulation in the United Kingdom and its related territories. They are issued in various denominations of pounds sterling (symbol: £ or GBP).

paragraphs: Sterling banknotes are official currency in the United Kingdom, Jersey, Guernsey, the Isle of Man, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, and Tristan da Cunha. One pound is equivalent to 100 pence. Three British Overseas Territories also have currencies called pounds which are at par with (worth equal to) the pound sterling.

paragraphs: Banknotes are issued by the Bank of England, and also by seven other banks in the United Kingdom. Only the Bank of England notes are legal currency, meaning they "must" be accepted in retail tade, restaurants and so on.

paragraphs: The other banks, mostly in Scotland and Northern Ireland issue notes which are always accepted in their countries. In London, where many people are of foreign origin, these notes may be refused in some places.


title: George Coe

paragraphs: George Coe (May 10, 1929 – July 18, 2015) was an American movie, stage and television actor. Coe was one of the original cast member of "Saturday Night Live". He was nominated for an Academy Award for his role in the short movie "The Dove".

paragraphs: Coe died on July 18, 2015 in Santa Monica, California after a long illness at the age of 86.


title: Van Alexander

paragraphs: Van Alexander (born Alexander Van Vliet Feldman, May 2, 1915 – July 19, 2015) was an American bandleader, arranger and composer. He was known for his song "A-Tisket, A-Tasket". He also performed music on television. Alexander won several Emmy Awards for his television scores.

paragraphs: Alexander turned 100 in May 2015 and died on July 19, 2015 of heart failure in Los Angeles.


title: John E. Sununu

paragraphs: John E. Sununu (born September 10, 1964) is a former United States Senator from New Hampshire and a member of the Republican Party. He was in the United States House of Representatives from 1997 to 2003. Sununu served in the United States Senate from January 3, 2003, to January 3, 2009.

paragraphs: Sununu was born on September 10, 1964 in Boston, Massachusetts to former Governor of New Hampshire John H. Sununu. He studied at Massachusetts Institute of Technology and at Harvard Business School. He is married to Kitty Sununu. They have three children. His brother, Chris Sununu is the Governor-elect of New Hampshire.


title: Stellan Bojerud

paragraphs: Stellan Bojerud (5 August 1944 - 19 July 2015) was a Swedish politician. He represented the Sweden Democrats (SD).

paragraphs: He was a Lieutenant colonel, and had previously been a member of the Moderate Party and the Centre Party. Bojerud was the 22nd candidate on the list of SD in the 2010 parliamentary election. In 2010-2011 he was serving as a MP replacing Julia Kronlid during her absence for having a child.

paragraphs: Following the death of William Petzäll in 2012 (who had been elected to parliament on the SD list), Bojerud became a member of parliament.


title: Robert Broberg

paragraphs: Robert Zero Karl Oskar Broberg (2 July 1940 – 21 July 2015) was a Swedish singer, composer and artist. In 1989 he received "Karamelodiktstipendiet" Award.

paragraphs: Broberg died in Stockholm, Sweden from Parkinson's disease, aged 75.


title: Dieter Moebius

paragraphs: Dieter Moebius (16 January 1944 – 20 July 2015) was a German-Swiss electronic musician. He founded a band Kluster in 1969.


title: Dick Nanninga

paragraphs: Dirk "Dick" Jacobus Willem Nanninga (17 January 1949 – 21 July 2015) was a Dutch footballer, who played for the Dutch clubs BV Veendam, Roda JC and MVV Maastricht. He also had a short spell with Hong Kong club Seiko.

paragraphs: Nanninga earned 15 caps and scored 6 goals for the Netherlands national football team. In the 1978 FIFA World Cup final, he scored the equalizing goal against Argentina in normal time; however, Argentina went on to win 3–1 in extra time.

paragraphs: In 2012 Nanninga went into a coma and only regained conscience five months later. Due to diabetes his left lower leg had to be amputated.

paragraphs: Having lost left lower leg, he was asked what he missed most about not having a leg. The answer went along the lines of, "..er, well, actually eh..., the lower part." In 2014 his right lower leg also had to be amputated. His death was announced on 21 July 2015.


title: John Kasich 2016 presidential campaign

paragraphs: The 2016 presidential campaign of John Kasich, the 69th Governor of Ohio, began on July 21, 2015.

paragraphs: Kasich, the Governor of Ohio, announced his candidacy at The Ohio State University in the Ohio Union. He suspended his campaign on May 4, 2016. He won 154 delegates, coming fourth in the Republican primaries. He won his home state, Ohio. He was the last challenger to Donald Trump, and the last to drop out.


title: James Abdnor

paragraphs: James Abdnor (February 13, 1923 – May 16, 2012) was a Republican U.S. Senator from South Dakota. He served in the United States Senate from 1981 to 1987. He was in the United States House of Representatives from 1973 to 1981.

paragraphs: Abdnor was born on February 13, 1923 in Kennebec, South Dakota. He graduated from the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in 1945. Abdnor died on May 16, 2012, at the age of 89.


title: Axwell

paragraphs: Sven Axel Christofer Hedfors (born 18 December 1977), better known under his stage name Axwell, is a Swedish DJ and record producer. He is a remixer and owner of Axtone Records. He is one third of what once was the Swedish House Mafia along with Sebastian Ingrosso and Steve Angello. In 2013 he was placed 19th on the DJ Magazine Top 100 DJ Poll.


title: Spencer Bachus

paragraphs: Spencer Bachus (born December 28, 1947) is an American politician. He served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1993 to 2015. A member of the Republican Party, he served as chairman of the House Financial Services Committee (2011–2013).

paragraphs: Bachus was born on December 28, 1947 in Birmingham, Alabama. He graduated in 1969 from Auburn University. In 1972 he graduated from the University of Alabama School of Law. He is married to Linda Bachus. They have five children.


title: Jeb Hensarling

paragraphs: Jeb Hensarling (born May 29, 1957) is an American politician. Hensarling was the U.S. Representative for Texas's 5th congressional district, serving from 2003 to 2019.

paragraphs: He was the chair of the House Financial Services Committee, and has previously served as the chairman of the House Republican Conference from 2011 to 2013. Hensarling is a member of the Republican Party.

paragraphs: On October 31, 2017, Hensarling announced that he would retire from Congress at the end of his current term, and would not seek re-election in 2018.

paragraphs: Hensarling was born on May 29, 1957 in Stephenville, Texas. He graduated from Texas A&M University with a Bachelor of Arts degree. He received his Juris Doctor at University of Texas at Austin. He is married to Melissa Hensarling. They have two children.


title: Edward Furlong

paragraphs: Edward Furlong (born August 2, 1977) is an American actor. He began working as an actor in 1991. He played John Connor in "". He played Hawk in "Detroit Rock City". His other movies include "Before and After", "American History X" and "Brainscan".

paragraphs: Furlong was born in Glendale, California.


title: Philippine Sports Stadium

paragraphs: The Philippine Sports Stadium or the New Era University (NEU) Stadium, is a football and track stadium in Bocaue, Bulacan, Philippines. It is inside Ciudad de Victoria which is owned by the Inglesia Ni Cristo. The stadium is built near the Philippine Arena, an indoor arena. The Philippine Sports Stadium is the largest football stadium in the Philippines and can be filled by 25,000 people. It can accommodate almost double the number of people that can fit inside the Rizal Memorial Stadium which is the national stadium. The Rizal Memorial Stadium can be filled by 12,000 people.


title: Isithembu

paragraphs: Isithembu means polygamy and is still a custom in many parts of Africa. Isithembu (also called Sethepu) is the African custom of a man being able to have more than one wife at the same time. There were and are several situations that allow a man to have additional wives. A man may marry again if his current wife or wives cannot have children. He keeps his current wife or wives as divorce is not allowed. She becomes the senior wife, a position of honor. A man may marry again if his current wife or wives have not produced male children. He can marry again if a wife does not want children. In some places, if a man dies, his wife or wives are married to his brother. This way his family is cared for. The Swazi culture says a man should have many wives. Polygamy (Isithembu) is normal for men. Woman should have children, which is normal for them.


title: Cob (material)

paragraphs: Cob, or clom in Wales, is a natural building material.

paragraphs: Cob is made from "subsoil" (soil below the top layer), water, some kind of fibrous organic material (usually straw), and sometimes lime. The contents of subsoil varies and if it does not contain the right mixture is can be modified with sand or clay. Cob is fireproof, resists seismic activity, and inexpensive. It can be used to create artistic, sculptural forms and has been revived in recent years by the natural building and sustainability movements.

paragraphs: Cob material is known by many names including adobe, lump clay, puddled clay, chalk mud, wichert, clay daubins, swish (African), torchis (French), bauge (French), bousille (French mud with moss).

paragraphs: The material has a long life-span even in rainy climates, provided a tall foundation and large roof overhang are present.


title: E. L. Doctorow

paragraphs: Edgar Lawrence "E. L." Doctorow (January 6, 1931July 21, 2015) was an American author. He was best known for his works of historical fiction. He was mostly known for his books "The Book of Daniel", "Ragtime", and "Billy Bathgate".

paragraphs: Doctorow was born in The Bronx, New York City. His mother was Rose Doctorow and his father was David Doctorow, both of Jewish descent. He studied at Kenyon College and at Columbia University. In 1953, he married Helen Esther Setzer. They had three children.

paragraphs: Doctorow taught at several universities. He was professor of English and American letters at New York University.

paragraphs: Doctorow won many writing awards, including the National Book Critics Circle Award for "Ragtime", National Book Critics Circle Award for "Billy Bathgate", National Book Critics Circle Award for "The March," and the American Academy of Arts and Letters Gold Medal for Fiction.

paragraphs: President Barack Obama called him "one of America's greatest novelists".

paragraphs: Doctorow died of lung cancer on July 21, 2015, aged 84, in Manhattan. His wife Helen and their three children were still alive.


title: Luiz Paulo Conde

paragraphs: Luiz Paulo Fernández Conde (6 August 1934 – 21 July 2015) was a Brazilian politician and architect. Conde served as the Vice Governor of Rio de Janeiro state from 2003 to 2007. He previously served as the Mayor of Rio de Janeiro from 1997 to 2001. Conde was born in Rio de Janeiro.

paragraphs: Conde died in Rio de Janeiro at the age of 80.


title: Carmino Ravosa

paragraphs: Carmino Ravosa (January 29, 1930 – July 19, 2015) was an American composer and lyricist, singer, pianist, as well as a producer, director, and musical historian. Ravosa, who wrote music for children for decades. He was one of the most popular songwriters for schools in the country.

paragraphs: Ravosa was an author and editor for Silver Burdett & Ginn's music textbook series "World of Music" and "The Music Connection", and the composer of the theme musicals in the two series. He also was a songwriter for the CBS children's shows "Captain Kangaroo" and "Romper Room", the PBS program "Shining Time Station", and the PBS publication "Sesame Street Magazine".


title: Aude (river)

paragraphs: The Aude is a river of southern French. It starts in the Pyrénées mountains and ends in the Mediterranean Sea. The Aude department is named after this river.

paragraphs: In Roman times, the Aude was called "Atax" by the Romans. In all likelihood the current name comes from gradual changes of "Atax", a word borrowed from the Celtic "atacos" meaning "spirited" or "very fast"

paragraphs: The Aude has a length of , and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .

paragraphs: Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is 41.40 cubic metres per second at Moussan.

paragraphs: The Aude starts in the "Massif of Carlit" at the Lac d'Aude at an elevation of in the commune of Les Angles (Pyrénées-Orientales department).

paragraphs: From the Pyrénées to Carcassonne, the river flows generally from south to north and then turns to the east. The river then flows into the Mediterranean Sea a few kilometres from Narbonne at Grau de Vendres (near Cabanes-de-Fleury) on the border between the departments of Aude and Hérault.

paragraphs: The Aude flows through 1 region, 4 departments and 75 "communes". The main "communes" are:

paragraphs: The main tributaries (30 km  or more long) of the Aude river are:


title: Gamebook

paragraphs: A gamebook is a book that is also a game. It is sometimes called solo adventure, or choose your own adventure (CYOA). "Choose Your Own Adventure" is the name of a famous series of gamebooks.

paragraphs: The book is made of several paragraphs. The paragraphs are numbered. You do not read the paragraphs in order. At the end of a paragraph, you make a choice between two or more possibilities; your choice leads to another paragraph.

paragraphs: You can read the book several times. If you make different choices, you read a different story each time.

paragraphs: Some gamebooks are adventure games. They tell the story of an adventurer. These books are usually related to role-playing games. They are often science-fiction books, or fantasy books.

paragraphs: Some gamebooks are educational. They are used to learn something. A gamebook is funny to read; the reader is active (he makes choices). The gamebook can describe real situations where people must make choices; the paragraphs explain the consequences of the choices. Gamebooks can be a good way to make a subject more interesting.

paragraphs: Gamebooks can contain small games inside: riddles, puzzles, dice games, etc.

paragraphs: Some series are spin-offs of novels. For example, the gamebooks series "Give Yourself Goosebumps" is a spin-off of the "Goosebumps" series.


title: Basilica Cistern

paragraphs: The Basilica Cistern is the largest of several hundred ancient cisterns under the city of Istanbul (formerly Constantinople), Turkey. The cistern, is close to the Hagia Sophia.

paragraphs: Emperor Justinian I commissioned his city prefect Longinus to build it. It was completed in 532, after the Nika riots. As many as 7,000 slaves worked to build the cistern.

paragraphs: The large cistern provided a water source for the emperor's palace. Sometime before the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople in 1453 the cistern was closed. It was discovered in 1545 by Petrus Gyllius. After that Ottoman city officials used it for dumping waste including corpses. It has been restored at least three times. In 1985 it was closed for cleaning again. In 1987 it was opened to the public as a tourist attraction. 2 million tourist visited the Cistern in 2013.

paragraphs: The cistern is a huge underground room that measures about by It is about in area. The cistern can hold of water. The ceiling is supported by 336 marble columns. Each one is high.

paragraphs: The cistern was used for a James Bond movie "From Russia with Love". Also the 2009 movie "The International" was shot here. The 2011 video game, "" includes scenes from the Basilica Cistern.


title: José Sazatornil

paragraphs: José Sazatornil Buendía (13 August 1925 – 23 July 2015) was a Spanish actor. He appeared in many movies since making his debut in 1946. In 1989, he received the Goya Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in the movie "Espérame en el cielo" by Antonio Mercero.

paragraphs: Sazatornil died in Madrid from complications from Alzheimer's disease, aged 89.


title: Advocacy

paragraphs: Advocacy can be defined as "public support for or recommendation of a particular cause or policy". It is a political process by an individual or group which aims to influence decisions within political, economic, and social systems and institutions.

paragraphs: Advocacy can include many activities that a person or organization undertakes. These can include media campaigns, public speaking, commissioning and publishing research. It can include conducting exit polls or the filing of an amicus brief. Lobbying (often by lobby groups) is a form of advocacy. This is where a direct approach is made to legislators on an issue in modern politics. Professional lobbyists are employed by advocacy groups also called special interest groups.

paragraphs: There are any number of corporations, religious groups, citizen groups, think tanks and foundations who want to make sure their interests are heard by lawmakers. This is both in the United States and the European Union. Advocacy groups also use their influence in the election and appointing of judges.


title: Chevrolet TrailBlazer

paragraphs: The North American Chevrolet TrailBlazer was a midsize SUV sold by the Chevrolet division of General Motors. The name came from a trim package on the S10 Blazer in 1999.

paragraphs: In 2002 the TrailBlazer became its own model and was made through the 2009 model year. It replaced the Blazer as Chevrolet's medium size sport utility vehicle. In 2002 it came with a 270 horsepower 4.2 liter engine. It was built on a truck chassis and came with four-wheel drive. It also had four-wheel disc brakes with an anti-lock braking system. There were two trim levels, LT and SS. The SS model came with a 6.0 liter LS2 V8 engine with 390 horsepower. The SS also had 20" aluminum wheels.The TrailBlazer also offered an extended package that had third row seating. In June of 2008 GM announced that the TrailBlazer and its siblings would be discontinued due to the decision to close Moraine Assembly. The last TrailBlazer rolled off the assembly line on December 15, 2008.

paragraphs: In 2012 the TrailBlazer name was brought back for international sales. The new TrailBlazer is built in Thailand and is to be sold in Thailand. The new TrailBlazer is built on the second generation Chevrolet Colorado chassis. It will be sold worldwide except not in the United States. Chevrolet feels it would steal sales from its Equinox and Traverse CUVs. Although not a true SUV, the Traverse replaced the TrailBlazer in the US model lineup.


title: Grant's gazelle

paragraphs: The Grant's gazelle ("Nanger granti") is a species of gazelle. It lives in many parts of East Africa. Its Swahili name is "Swala Granti". It is named after explorer James A. Grant.

paragraphs: The Grant's gazelle stands tall. The females weigh between and males weigh between . Its coat is a beige orange on the back with a white belly. The Grant's gazelle looks similar to a Thomson's gazelle, except for some distinguishing features, such as a different horn shape. Grant's gazelles are very fast.

paragraphs: The Grant's gazelle is found in East Africa. It lives in open grass plains and shrublands. They are well adapted to dry areas. They get most of their water by eating plants.

paragraphs: The most common predators of the Grant's gazelle are cheetahs and wild dogs. Humans also hunt gazelles. Jackals are predators of fawns.

paragraphs: The Grant’s gazelle is still a common species, but its population is going down. Estimates of the population range from 140,000 to 350,000. It is threatened by habitat destruction and hunting. It is protected in national parks and reserves in Tanzania and Kenya.


title: EXID

paragraphs: EXID is a five-member South Korean-Pop girl group. Its members are Solji, LE, Hani, Hyelin and Junghwa. They debuted on February 12, 2012 with the release of "Holla". The quintet released their first EP "Hippity Hop" in August 2012. It was met with limited success. Their 2014 single "Up & Down", however, reached number one on the Gaon Singles Chart four months after its release.

paragraphs: They mostly became more famous after the fancam of the member " hani " which hits 10 Views on YouTube .

paragraphs: EXID released their next mini-album "Ah Yeah" on April 13, 2015. The song of the same name "Ah Yeah" was its lead single. The single also was met with commercial success as it peaked at the position on the Gaon Singles Chart.


title: Dik-dik

paragraphs: A dik-dik is a small antelope in the genus Madoqua that lives in the bushlands of eastern and southern Africa.

paragraphs: Dik-diks stand about 30–40 cm (12–16 in) at the shoulder, are 50–70 cm (20–28 in) long, weigh 3–6 kg (7–16 lb) and can live for up to 10 years.

paragraphs: Dik-diks are named after the alarm calls of the females. In addition to the females' alarm call, both males and females make a shrill, whistling sound. These calls may alert other animals to predators. The dik-dik is a favourite prey of the cheetah.


title: Phyllis Smith

paragraphs: Phyllis Smith (born July 10, 1951) is an American actress. She is best known for playing Phyllis Lapin-Vance in "The Office" and her voice role as Sadness in the Disney/Pixar movie "Inside Out".


title: Christopher M. Fairman

paragraphs: Christopher M. Fairman (1960 or 1961 – July 22, 2015) was an American professor of law at the Ohio State University Moritz College of Law and Associate Dean for Faculty. He was also the C. William O'Neill Professor in Law and Judicial Administration. He was known for his book "". Fairman was born in Kansas. He was awarded the "Outstanding Professor Award 2003" by the Graduating Class of 2003.

paragraphs: Fairman died after suffering cardiac arrest in Columbus, Ohio, aged 54.


title: Bret Iwan

paragraphs: Brett Alexander "Bret" Iwan (born September 10, 1982 in Pasadena, California) is an American voice actor and illustrator. He is the fourth and current voice of Mickey Mouse. He started doing that voice after the death of Wayne Allwine, who did the voice before. He first recorded Mickey Mouse dialogue for Disney's Animal Kingdom theme park. He also recorded it for 2009 Disney On Ice: Celebrations, and Disney Live: Rockin' Road Show.


title: Price elasticity of demand

paragraphs: In economics, the price elasticity of demand (PED or E) is a measure to show the responsiveness (or elasticity) of the quantity demanded for a good or service to a change in its price, ceteris paribus. It is also known as the percentage change in quantity demanded for a good or service for a percentage change in the price of the same good or service. In short, the price elasticity of demand is given by the following formula:

paragraphs: As the price and the quantity demanded of a good are inversely related (i.e. an increase in price will always cause a decrease in quantity demanded and vice versa), the sign of PED is always negative. Hence, economists tend to just ignore the sign and compare the absolute values instead.

paragraphs: In absolute terms, if the percentage change in the price is more than proportionate than the percentage change in the quantity demanded, the elasticity value is greater than one and the demand for the good is price elastic. Likewise, if the percentage change in the price is less than proportionate than the percentage change in the quantity demanded, the elasticity value is smaller than one and the demand for the good is price inelastic.

paragraphs: In diagrams, the price elasticity of demand is shown by the gradient of the demand curve. A steeper curve refers to a more price inelastic demand whereas a gentler curve refers to a more price elastic demand.

paragraphs: Factors that affect the price elasticity of demand for a good include:


title: Fjällbacka

paragraphs: Fjällbacka is a locality in Tanum Municipality in Västra Götaland County in Sweden. In 2010, 859 people lived there. It is wellknown as a summer tourist resort.


title: Spencer Abraham

paragraphs: Spencer Abraham (born June 12, 1952) is an American politician. He represented Michigan in the United States Senate from 1995 until 2001. He was the 10th United States Secretary of Energy. He is a Republican.

paragraphs: Abraham was born on June 12, 1952 in East Lansing, Michigan. He graduated from Michigan State University with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1974. Abraham received his law degree from Harvard Law School in 1979. He is married to Jane Abraham.


title: Grebbestad

paragraphs: Grebbestad is a locality in Tanum Municipality in Västra Götaland County in Sweden. In 2010, 1,401 people lived there,


title: Pschent

paragraphs: The Pschent was the name of the Double Crown of Ancient Egypt. The Ancient Egyptians called it "sekhemti" meaning the Two Powerful Ones. The Pschent was made from the Red Deshret Crown of Lower Egypt and the White Hedjet Crown of Upper Egypt.

paragraphs: The Pschent was a symbol of the pharaoh's power over all Egypt. The design used two animals, a cobra and a vulture. The Egyptian cobra, known as the uraeus, ready to strike, was a symbol for the Lower Egyptian goddess Wadjet. The Egyptian vulture was a symbol for the Upper Egyptian goddess Nekhbet. These were placed on the front of the Pschent and called the "Two Ladies".

paragraphs: The First Dynasty pharaoh Menes is said to have invented the Pschent. The first pharoah to be shown wearing the Double Crown was Djet, in a rock inscription showing his Horus wearing it.

paragraphs: The list of kings on the Palermo Stone shows the Lower Egyptian pharaohs wearing the Red Crown. After Egypt is unified, the list shows all First Dynasty and later pharaohs wearing the Pschent. But the Cairo fragment, shows Lower Egyptian rulers wearing the Pschent.

paragraphs: None of the Egyptian crowns have survived (or been found yet). Like the Deshret and the Hedjet Crowns, the Pschent is known only from statues, paintings, inscriptions, and ancient stories.

paragraphs: Among the gods shown wearing the Double Crown are Horus and Atum. These both represented the pharaoh or had a special relationship to the pharaoh.


title: Greenville, Maine

paragraphs: Greenville is a town in Piscataquis County, Maine, United States. The population was 1,646 at the 2010 census. The town is centered on the lower end of Moosehead Lake.


title: Deshret

paragraphs: Deshret was the name for the Red Crown of Lower Egypt. When joined with the Hedjet, the White Crown of Upper Egypt, it forms the Pschent. This double crown was called the "sekhemti" in ancient Egyptian. Deshret was also the name for the desert Red Land on either side of the Nile river.

paragraphs: The Red Crown in Egyptian language hieroglyphs became the vertical letter "n" . The old "n" hieroglyph from the Predynastic Period, and the Old Kingdom was a sign showing ripples in water.

paragraphs: In mythology, the earth god Geb, the first ruler of Egypt, gave Horus the power to rule over Lower Egypt. The Egyptian pharaohs, who saw themselves as successors of Horus, wore the deshret to show their authority over Lower Egypt. Other gods wore the "deshret" too, such as the protective serpent goddess Wadjet and the creator-goddess of Sais, Neith, who often is shown wearing the Red Crown.

paragraphs: The Red Crown would later be joined with the White Crown of Upper Egypt to form the Double Crown. This was a symbol to show their rule over the whole country, which they called "The Two Lands".

paragraphs: The Red Land, the deserts and foreign lands around Egypt, was ruled by Seth. The Egyptians saw it as a dangerous confusing place, without laws or any order.

paragraphs: None of the red crowns have survived. It is not known how the crown was made or what materials were used. It could have been made from copper, reeds, cloth, or even leather.

paragraphs: The Red Crown is often shown in texts, wall carvings and statues. An early example shows a victorious pharaoh wearing the "deshret" on the Narmer Palette. A text from the reign of Djer records a royal visit to the shrine of the Deshret which may have been at Buto in the Nile delta.

paragraphs: No crown has ever been found buried with any of the pharaohs, even in tombs that have not been robbed. This suggests that the deshret was passed from one king to the next, much as in present day monarchies.


title: Adi Parashakti

paragraphs: In Hindu mythology, Adi Para Shakti is the Supreme Being. She is the Goddess Parvati, Devi and recognized as Para Brahman (the highest Brahman). In many Shakta texts she is known as "Parma" meaning supreme, and "Satya" meaning truth. The Devi Bhagawata Mahapurana says that Adi Parashakti is the original creator, observer and destroyer of the whole universe.


title: Secondary sector

paragraphs: The secondary sector includes industries that produce a finished, usable product or are involved in construction.

paragraphs: This sector generally takes the output of the primary sector and manufactures finished goods. The sector is an energy-consuming sector that consists of all facilities and equipment used for producing, processing, or assembling goods.


title: The Hunting of the Snark

paragraphs: The Hunting of the Snark (An Agony in 8 Fits) is a nonsense poem written by Lewis Carroll, the pen name of Charles Lutwidge Dodgson.

paragraphs: The poem was written from 1874 to 1876. The setting, some creatures, and eight portmanteau words are taken from Carroll's earlier poem "Jabberwocky" in his children's novel "Through the Looking-Glass" (1871). The eight words are: "bandersnatch", "beamish", "frumious", "galumphing", "jubjub", mimsiest (which previously appeared as "mimsy" in "Jabberwocky"), "outgrabe" and "uffish".

paragraphs: The first two stanzas contain one of the most famous quotations in nonsense poetry:

paragraphs: The Bellman refers the mediaeval use of a town crier or bellman. He would ring his bell, and shout "Oyez, Oyez, Oyez!" at set places in a town, and read out proclamations of legal decisions made by courts or the town council. This was necessary because most people were illiterate.

paragraphs: Another curiosity of the poem is that the crew of ten all have occupations beginning with the letter "B".

paragraphs: "What I tell you three times is true": The idea of repetition as a grounds for truth is sometimes called the Bellman's theory. That, of course, is humour. All the same, repetition is a recurring trope in many kinds of discussion and argument.

paragraphs: "The Hunting of the Snark" has been many times adapted for the theatre, and many times referred to in fiction.


title: Elf: Buddy's Musical Christmas

paragraphs: Elf: Buddy's Musical Adventure is an American 2014 stop-motion animated Christmas musical television special. It is based on the Elf” dramas including the Will Ferrell movie and the Broadway musical. The story is about Buddy the Elf (voice of Jim Parsons) leaving the North Pole to find his father Walter Hobbs (Mark Hamill). David Hinckley of the New York Daily News said it was a "delightful animated hour". Gail Pennington of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch wrote "'Elf: Buddy's Musican Christmas' "should be on the Christmas TV calendar for years to come". Metacritic gave it a metascore of 74.


title: Pitbull (rapper)

paragraphs: Armando Christian Pérez (born January 15, 1981), better known by his stage name Pitbull, is a Cuban-American rapper and singer. He was born in Miami, Florida to parents who are Cuban.

paragraphs: His fourth album, "Rebelution" (2009), included the hit single "I Know You Want Me (Calle Ocho)". It was his first internationally popular song. "I know you want me" peaked at number two on the "Billboard" Hot 100.


title: Tove Lo

paragraphs: Ebba Tove Elsa Nilsson (born 29 October 1987), better known by her stage name Tove Lo, is a Swedish singer and songwriter. She was born and raised in Stockholm, Sweden. She graduated from musical magnet school Rytmus Musikergymnasiet. Early in her life she started writing poetry and short stories. She wrote songs for other singers including Icona Pop and Girls Aloud. Lo then began writing songs for herself. She self-released her single "love Ballad" in 2012. Her 2013 single "Habits" reached #3 on the Billboard Hot 100. In 2014 she released her debut album "Queen of the Clouds". It peaked at #14 on the Billboard Hot 200.


title: Amy Childs

paragraphs: Amy Andrea Childs (born 7 June 1990) is an English reality television star, model, businesswoman and fashion designer. Childs is best known for appearing in the ITV series The Only Way Is Essex. She appeared on the show for two season. Childs later had her own reality series It's All About Amy. She participated in Celebrity Big Brother in its eighth season.

paragraphs: Childs was born in Barking, London, England. Her parents are Billy and Julie Childs. The family moved to Brentwood, Essex when Childs was six years old. She received diplomas from Brentwood Academy in Beauty Specialist Techniques. In 2010 she joined the cast on the structured reality show The Only Way Is Essex, also called TOWIE. She left TOWIE in May 2011. She was a housemate in the 2011 series of Celebrity Big Brother. She finished in fourth place. In December 2011, she started her own reality show, "It’s All About Amy". She opened her own beauty salon called "Amy Childs Salon" in Essex.

paragraphs: At the 2011 Reality TV Awards, Childs received the "personality of the year award".


title: Mooselookmeguntic Lake

paragraphs: Mooselookmeguntic Lake is a lake in the western part of Maine. It is near the border of New Hampshire and the Canadian province of Quebec. It is inside two counties; Franklin and Oxford. It is part of the Androscoggin River watershed. The lake is just a few miles from the Appalachian Trail.

paragraphs: Mooselookmeguntic Lake gets water from several rivers. These are the Cupsuptic River, the Rangeley River in Rangeley and the Kennebago River.

paragraphs: The lake's waters flow out to the southeast, into Upper Richardson Lake. There is a dam between the two lakes. It raises the level of Mooselookmeguntic Lake about 14 feet. When the dam was built, this connected Mooselookmeguntic with Cupsuptic Lake. The two lakes had been separate before. The new lake is used as a reservoir.

paragraphs: Mooselookmeguntic Lake's deepest part is . Its surface area is . It is the fourth largest lake in Maine. Mooselookmeguntic Lake is 1,467 feet (447 meters) above sea level.

paragraphs: There are two large islands south of Mooselookmeguntic Lake. These are named "Toothaker Island" and "Students Island".

paragraphs: The name "Mooselookmeguntic" is really an Abnaki word that means "moose feeding place".

paragraphs: There is a local story that a Native American was hunting moose in the area, and he saw one. The native had forgotten to load his rifle with ammunition, but shot at the animal anyway. Thinking he had ruined his rifle, he began yelling at the moose about his bad luck. He said: "Moose, look! My gun stick"! This is only a legend but is told often as history. Because of this, another spelling sometimes used is Mooselookmeguntick Lake.

paragraphs: Mooselookmeguntic Lake is one of the longest place names in the United States. It is tied in third place with Kleinfeltersville, a small town in Pennsylvania. They both have 17 letters.

paragraphs: The lake has a good variety of fishes, and is a popular tourist attraction for fishing.


title: Audi Cup 2015

paragraphs: The Audi Cup 2015 (the fourth edition of the Audi Cup) is a two-day tournament in Munich, Germany. The participating teams are Bayern Munich, Real Madrid, Milan and Tottenham Hotspur.


title: Franz Beckenbauer Cup

paragraphs: The Franz Beckenbauer Cup is an friendly association football tournament that takes place in Munich, Germany. It was created to honour the German forward, Franz Beckenbauer. The tournament has not been played since 2010. The 2009 and 2011 tournaments were replaced by the Audi Cup.


title: Preeti Desai

paragraphs: Preeti Desai (born 29 September 1984) is a British actress and model. She was Miss Great Britain 2006. Desai made history by becoming the first woman of Indian origin to ever win the beauty pageant title.


title: Whitney Port

paragraphs: Whitney Eve Port (born March 4, 1985) is an American television personality, fashion designer and writer of books. She was born and raised in Los Angeles, California. She attended Crossroads School in Santa Monica. In 2006, Port became famous when she appeared on the reality series "The Hills" on MTV.


title: Lo Bosworth

paragraphs: Lauren Ogilvie "Lo" Bosworth (born September 29, 1986) is a American television personality and writer. She was born and raised in Laguna Beach, California. There she attended Laguna Beach High School.

paragraphs: In 2004, Bosworth became famous when she appeared on the reality series "Laguna Beach: The Real Orange County". She appeared later in the series spin-off "The Hills".


title: The Hills

paragraphs: The Hills was an American reality television series. It aired on MTV from May 31, 2006 until July 13, 2010.


title: Kristina and Karissa Shannon

paragraphs: Kristina and Karissa Shannon (born October 2, 1989 in Ann Arbor, Michigan) are American twin sisters that works as glamour models. That have been "Playboy" Playmates working for "Playboy" founder and owner Hugh Hefner. They also appeared on Hefner's television series "The Girls Next Door".

paragraphs: They were housemates in Celebrity Big Brother (UK) in 2012.