title: William Bradford (Mayflower passenger)

paragraphs: William Bradford (15901657) was a passenger on the "Mayflower" in 1620. He travelled to the New World to live in religious freedom. He became the second Governor of Plymouth Colony and served for over 30 years. Bradford kept a journal of the history of the early life in Plymouth Colony. It is called "Of Plymouth Plantation".

paragraphs: Bradford was born to William and Alice Bradford in Austerfield, Yorkshire, England. His family were farmers. The Bradford family owned a large farm and were considered rich.

paragraphs: Bradford's father died was he was one year old. When he was four years old he was sent to live with his grandfather. Two years later, his grandfather died and he returned to live with his mother and stepfather. A year later, in 1597, his mother died. Bradford became an orphan at age 7. He was sent to live with two uncles.

paragraphs: His uncles wanted Bradford to help on the farm but Bradford was ill and was not able to work. Bradford started to read many books. One of the books was the Bible. This may be where he started learning of a religion that was different from the church of England.

paragraphs: When Bradford was 12 years old he went with a friend to hear the pastor Richard Clyfton. Clyfton was a minister who did not believe in the Church of England. Bradford believed in Clyfton’s words. His uncles told him not to go to that church but he went anyway.

paragraphs: During one meeting he became friends with William Brewster. Brewster did not live far away and Bradford borrowed books from him about the new church.

paragraphs: King James I of England started to punish the people who did not follow the Church of England. They were called Separatists. By 1607 many members of the Separatists were arrested. Brewster was made to pay a fine for going to the church. Some members were put into prison and others were watched night and day. The people also learned that other Separatists in London had been put into prison and left to starve to death.

paragraphs: The Separatists decided to leave England for the Dutch Republic (where religious freedom was permitted). William Bradford went with them. It was illegal to leave England. The group was betrayed by an English sea captain who brought them to the English authorities. Most of the congregation, and Bradford, were put into prison. By the summer of 1608, the Separatists, and William Bradford, escaped to Leiden, Netherlands. Bradford was 18.

paragraphs: William Bradford moved to Amsterdam in August 1608. He lived with the Brewsters in Stink Alley. The Separatists had spent most of their money leaving England and were poor. After nine months, the congregation moved to the smaller city of Leiden.

paragraphs: When Bradford turned 21 he received some money. Bradford purchased his own house. He built a workshop and worked as a weaver. He was liked.

paragraphs: In 1613, Bradford married Dorothy May, the daughter of a rich English couple living in Amsterdam. In 1617, the Bradfords had their first child, John Bradford.

paragraphs: By 1617, the Separatists decided to travel to Virginia Colony in North America. The Separatists could practice their religion in the Dutch Republic, they wanted their children to keep their English customs and language. The colonists made a business arrangement with the Merchant Adventurers. These were a group of men who were willing to pay for the Pilgrims to go to the New World with the promise that the pilgrims would pay them back with furs and other goods they got from the colony. By July 1620, Robert Cushman and John Carver had made the plans and fifty Separatists left Delftshaven on the ship "Speedwell".

paragraphs: Many families were split as some Separatists stayed behind in the Netherlands, planning to make the voyage to the New World after the colony had been established. William and Dorothy Bradford left their three-year-old son John with Dorothy's parents in Amsterdam, possibly because he was too frail to make the voyage.

paragraphs: The "Speedwell" planned to meet with the "Mayflower" and both ships would travel to Virginia Colony. The "Speedwell" proved unsafe and the passengers were put on the "Mayflower". This made the ship very crowded. Not all the passengers were Separatists. There were about 50 colonists who went because they had certain skills. These skills would prove useful on the "Mayflower" and at the colony. Bradford said they hugged each other and cried and said goodbye to family and friends for the last time. They knew they were pilgrims and lifted their eyes to heaven, their dearest country and this comforted them.

paragraphs: The Mayflower left Plymouth, England on 16 September 1620. There were 102 passengers and 30–40 crew. On 19 November 1620, the "Mayflower" spotted land. The "Mayflower" was supposed to land in Virginia Colony, but the ship was too damaged and they were forced to land at Cape Cod now called Provincetown Harbor.

paragraphs: They landed on November 21. They wrote the Mayflower Compact, which made rules on how they would live and treat each other. Bradford signed the Mayflower Compact.

paragraphs: Up to this time, Bradford, aged 30, had never been a leader in the colony. When the "Mayflower" anchored in the Harbor, the men went out to explore the land for a place where they could live. Bradford volunteered to be a member of the exploration parties. In November and December, these parties went out three times on foot and by boat.

paragraphs: One of the earliest exploration missions included William Bradford, John Carver, Myles Standish, Edward Winslow, John Howland, Richard Warren, Stephen Hopkins and Edward Doty. Of this group Hopkins was the most experienced, having seen Indians during his time at Jamestown. According to Bradford, they set off in below freezing weather, many of the men already being ill, "and when the set sail the salt spray froze on their coats, as if they had been glazed". During their trip they saw Indians who looked like they were cutting up a large whale. When the Indians saw the men they ran away. The men camped and protected themselves from the cold and the Indians.

paragraphs: They located a place that would be Plymouth Colony in December. During the first expedition on foot, Bradford was caught up in a deer trap made by Native Americans and brought upside down. During the third exploration, on 6 December 1620, Bradford and the other men found Plymouth Bay. A winter storm nearly sank their boat as they came near the bay. The explorers were very cold and started to get sick. The waves were high but they landed on Clark's Island.

paragraphs: During this time, they searched areas all around the bay and found a place to live and build their homes. The location had a large hill. This hill is now called Burial Hill. It was a good place to build a fort for safety against any possible enemies. There were many brooks providing water. They would later find out that the site had been the location of a Native American village known as Patuxet; and that is why a large area had already been cleared for planting of food. The Patuxet tribe of Indians, between 1616 and 1619, had all died from bad sickness. Bradford later wrote that bones of the dead were easy to find in many places.

paragraphs: The "Mayflower" arrived in Plymouth Bay on 20 December 1620. The settlers began building the colony's first house on 25 December.

paragraphs: On January 11, 1621, as Bradford was helping to build houses when he was got a great pain in his hipbone and fell. Bradford was taken to the "common house" (the only house that was finished) and they thought he would die that night, but he did not.

paragraphs: Bradford got well but many of the pilgrims were not so fortunate. During the months of February and March 1621 sometimes two or three people died every day. By the end of the winter, half of the 100 settlers had died. They buried their dead in secret so the Native Americans would not see how many were dying. They buried them in Cole's Hill and tried to also hide the graves from the animals.

paragraphs: There were only a small number of men who were healthy. Everyone, including the children had to work and care for the sick. One of these was Captain Myles Standish. He was a soldier who had been hired by the settlers to protect the people of the colony. Standish cared for Bradford during his illness. They became good friends. Bradford had no military experience and when he became governor he would come to trust Captain Standish's advice on military matters.

paragraphs: William was chosen by the people to be Governor of Plymouth Colony. He kept journals (a written record) which are very important even today because they are the only history of how the Mayflower passengers and their families lived in Plymouth Colony. He died before he could finish the second book.

paragraphs: On March 16, the settlers had their first meeting with the Native Americans who lived in the region. Samoset, an Indian walked into the village of Plymouth and greeted them in English. Samoset had learned some English from the traders who had visited the area he was from. This soon led to a visit by Massasoit, the leader of the Pokanoket tribe. At that meeting, Massassoit made a treaty with Governor John Carver. The treaty said that they would be friends and protect each other against unfriendly Indians.

paragraphs: Bradford wrote down what was said. He would soon become governor and the treaty that was very important was the promise to help each other. This agreement was not liked by Massasoit's enemies in other tribes.

paragraphs: In April 1621, Governor Carver became sick while working in the fields on a hot day. He died a few days later. The settlers of Plymouth then chose Bradford as the new governor. Bradford would remain governor most of his life.

paragraphs: The elected leadership of Plymouth Colony was at first a governor and an assistant governor. The assistant governor for the first three years of the colony's history was Isaac Allerton. In 1624, it was changed to five assistants. This was called the "governor's council". These men gave advice to the governor and had a vote on important matters. They helped Bradford in managing the Colony. Assistants during the early years of the colony included Thomas Prence, Stephen Hopkins, John Alden, and John Howland.

paragraphs: William Bradford married Dorothy in Amsterdam, Holland on December 10, 1613. They had one son. Dorothy fell from the deck of the Mayflower into the water and drowned a short time after the ship landed. Her husband was on an exploring mission. John was born in Leiden, Holland and died in 1620.

paragraphs: His second wife was Alice Southwarth in Plymouth. They had three children. She died in Plymouth in March 1670 and was buried on Burial Hill in Plymouth near her husband.

paragraphs: Bradford wrote "Of Plymouth Plantation". It was a history about Plymouth colony. It is often called a journal. It was a collection of what he saw and what he thought was important. This was written in two books. The first book was written in 1630 but the second was never finished. During the years 1646 and 1650, he wrote about the colony's history up to 1646.

paragraphs: In "Of Plymouth Plantation", Bradford saw what was happening to be like what happened in the Bible. As Philip Gould writes, "Bradford hoped to show the workings of God to future generations." The book was not published until 1656, the year before his death, and it was well liked. Bradford has been called the father of American history. Many American authors have put what Bradford said in their books. Thomas Prence did so in his book named "A Chronological History of New-England in the Form of Annals." Today it is considered very important and studied in American schools and colleges. Bradford's journal was included in another work entitled "Mourt's Relation". This was written in part by Edward Winslow, and made into a book in England in 1622.


title: Homeless Bird

paragraphs: Homeless Bird is a book by Gloria Whelan, an American author, about life in India for a 13-year-old girl named Koly. Like many Indian girls her age, Koly becomes a teenage bride in an "arranged marriage." Her husband soon dies and Koly becomes a widow, living with her late husband's parents. When this situation doesn't last, Koly has to find a way to make her future.

paragraphs: This book won the National Book Award in 2000 in the category of Young People's Literature. It has been translated into German, Spanish, and Polish.

paragraphs: Koly is a 13 year-old girl who lives in Vrindavan India with her parents and two brothers. Based on Indian tradition, her family has made an arranged marriage for her. Her husband is a sickly, young boy named Hari. Once they are married, Koly must go to live with his family. But soon Koly finds out that Hari has tuberculosis and he will die very soon. Hari's parents had decided to take Hari to the Ganges River and Koly comes along too. While going to the city of the Ganges River, Hari dies. When Hari dies, Koly becomes a widow. Koly's sassur (father- in-law) is a kind man who teaches students. He teaches Koly to read and shows her a book of poems signed by the author Tagore. Koly's sass (mother-in-law) is not a nice woman. She treats Koly as just another mouth to feed.

paragraphs: Hari's sister Chandra is soon married. Koly is sad because Chandra was her friend and now she is leaving. Soon Koly's sassur dies and now both Koly and her sass are widows.

paragraphs: Sass and Koly are very poor. One day Sass gets a letter from her brother inviting them to live with him in Delhi. They make a stop in Vrindavan to pray at a temple. They take a rickshaw to the temple. Sass gives Koly money to buy lunch. Koly goes to buy the food but when she goes back to the temple her sass is not there. She looks around and cannot find her. Finally she sees the rickshaw driver. He tells her that her sass left on a train hours ago.

paragraphs: Koly cries because her sass has left her. The rickshaw driver says to go to the temple and pray so the monks will give her food. Koly is very unhappy and scared. She sees the rickshaw driver again and he offers to bring her to a house for widows. At the home Koly meets a nice widow named Tanu. Together they find jobs making marigold garlands and beaded bracelets. However, Koly's talent is embroidery. She finally gets a job embroidering. Her new boss' name is Mr. Das.

paragraphs: Koly also teaches the rickshaw driver, Raji, how to read. Raji owns a farm and drives rickshaws for money. They talk and become friends. However he leaves to fix his farm.

paragraphs: At her new job, Koly makes friends with a girl named Mala. Mala is good at embroidery but very outspoken. Mala also steals expensive cloth and thread from Mr. Das. This later causes Mala to lose her job.

paragraphs: Raji comes back and tells Koly that he is fixing up his farm and building a home. He wants Koly to come to his farm with him. She is confused until Raji says he wants her as his wife. Koly is surprised that Raji wants to marry her because she is a widow, and in her society it is shameful to be a widow. However Raji wants to marry Koly because he does not care about appearance and only wants someone he can talk to. Koly is still unsure but agrees to think about it.

paragraphs: Tanu and Koly finally have enough money to buy a room for more widows to live in. Koly decorates the room with embroidered quilts.

paragraphs: In the summer Raji writes that he has built a room for her work on her embroidery. Koly is happy and agrees to marry him. She works on a wedding quilt and says they will marry when she is done embroidering it. She keeps her job, and agrees to take her work to Mr. Das every couple of weeks.

paragraphs: Koly, just like the homeless bird in one of the Tagore poems, has finally found her home.

paragraphs: By: A.B, School: Nams or North Andover middle school


title: Anne Hutchinson

paragraphs: Anne Hutchinson (baptized July 20, 1591 - August or September 1643), was a religious dissenter in Puritan New England. Her parents are Francis Marbury and Bridget Dryden. Her father, being a clergy, homeschooled Anne Hutchinson. She got more education than most other girls at that time. She was the defendant in the most famous of the trials intended to suppress religious dissent in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. She was born Anne Marbury in Alford, Lincolnshire, England. She, her husband William, and their children left England for the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1634. Once settled, she began holding weekly meetings in her home to discuss sermons and theology.

paragraphs: Her religious views did not agree with those of her Puritan neighbors. They believed good works were necessary for salvation. Hutchinson believed that only faith (Sola fide) was necessary. She also believed that God revealed himself to people without the help of the clergy. Community leaders viewed Hutchinson as a threat. She was found guilty of heresy in 1637, and told to leave the colony.

paragraphs: Hutchinson and her family moved first to Rhode Island. After her husband's death in 1642, she settled near present-day Pelham Bay on Long Island Sound. In 1643, Hutchinson, all her children except one, and all her servants were killed in an attack perpetrated by Native Americans. Her death was regarded by some in Massachusetts Bay as evidence of divine judgment.


title: Matariki Network of Universities

paragraphs: The Matariki Network of Universities (MNU) is an international group of universities created in 2010. Each member is leading international best practice in research and education based on long academic traditions.

paragraphs: "Matariki" in the Māori language designates the Pleiades star cluster, also known as the "Seven Sisters". It reflects seven founding member universities in the MNU.

paragraphs: As of September 2010 the founding members of the Matariki Network of Universities are (sorted by year established):


title: Johann Bernoulli

paragraphs: Johann Bernoulli (6 August 1667 – 1 January 1748) was a Swiss Calvinist mathematician. Several men in his family were mathematicians, including his brother Jacob Bernoulli. He is known for his work on infinitesimal calculus, and teaching Leonhard Euler when he was young.


title: Sant Ravidas Nagar district

paragraphs: Sant Ravidas Nagar () is a district of Uttar Pradesh, India.


title: Sonbhadra district

paragraphs: Sonbhadra () is a district of Uttar Pradesh, India.


title: Rampur district

paragraphs: Rampur (, ) is a district of Uttar Pradesh, India.


title: Amroha district

paragraphs: Amroha District, previously known as Jyotiba Phule Nagar, is one of the 72 districts of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India.


title: Bijnor district

paragraphs: Bijnour () is a district of Uttar Pradesh, India.


title: Jaunpur district

paragraphs: Jaunpur () is a district of Uttar Pradesh, India.


title: Chandauli district

paragraphs: Chandauli () is a district of Uttar Pradesh, India.


title: Varanasi district

paragraphs: Varanasi () is a district of India. It is in Uttar Pradesh state.


title: Central Cross-Island Highway

paragraphs: The Central Cross-Island Highway () or Provincial Highway No.8 is one of three highway systems that connect the east and west coasts of Taiwan.

paragraphs: Construction of the Central Cross-Island Highway began on July 7, 1956 and it first opened to traffic on May 9, 1960.

paragraphs: The highway begins in the west at Dongshi District in Taichung. The highway used to go up into the Central Mountain Range along the Dajia River () valley through the townships of Guguan () and Cingshan (). At Lishan there is a branch that heads north to Yilan City. It goes through the mountains to Dayuling () which is the highest point of the route. Here another branch of the highway runs south from Dayuling to Wushe (). Continuing east from Dayuling, the highway goes down into Taroko National Park. It passes through Guanyuan (), Cih-en (), Luoshao () and Tiansiang () before entering Taroko Gorge. After the gorge the road then meets the eastern coastal Su'ao-Hualien Highway.

paragraphs: The highway goes through mountains. Rocks often fall and there can be landslides. Heavy rain from typhoons often push soil and rocks onto the highway so people cannot drive through parts of it. Earthquakes also damage the highway. On September 21, 1999 the Jiji earthquake caused a lot of damage to the highway and cut it in many places between Dongshih and Lishan.

paragraphs: There was so much damage in 1999 that repairing it would cost a lot of money. The damaged parts of the highway were supposed to re-open in 2004. However, heavy rain from the Typhoon Mindulle added more damage to the highway. These parts were closed. The highway is still closed between Lishan and Guguan. There is no plan to repair it, but the New Central Cross-Island Highway is another way across the island.


title: Azorina vidalii

paragraphs: The Azorina vidalii (Azores Bellflower) is the only species of the genus "Azorina" within the Campanulaceae, the bellflower family. This endemic species of the Azores is used as an ornamental plant in other countries besides the Azores.

paragraphs: It was first given the name "Campanula vidalii" by Hewett Cottrell Watson in "Hooker's Icones Plantarum", table DCLXXXIV (684); Watson gave it the specific name "vidalii" after "Capt. Vidal, R.N.", who collected the original plant. Heinrich Feer changed the name to "Azorina vidalii", creating a new genus "Azorina", in "Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie", 12, S. 611.

paragraphs: The Azores bellflower is an evergreen, perennial herbaceous plant that grows to a height of 80 to 150 centimetres. It produces branches at the base and these branches are woody in the lower part. The plant has dark green leaves.

paragraphs: The plant flowers from May to October. The inflorescence has many hanging, waxy, pale pink, bell-shaped flowers . The "Azorina vidalii" forma "alba" has, as the name suggests, white flowers.

paragraphs: The Azores bellflower is rare and usually grows in holes in cliffs near the sea, below the 50 metres of altitude. It is usually accompanied by the plant "Salicornia", which also tolerate the salt in the wind coming from the sea. The plant is found in all the islands of the Azores archipelago, but not on the island of Graciosa.


title: Mars in fiction

paragraphs: Novels and short stories about Mars have been popular for over a hundred years. The planet's dramatic red color that some people can see is one reason for this. another is that the planet is close to Earth. Also, it looks somewhat like Earth. There are also stories about creatures from Mars on Earth and elsewhere.

paragraphs: Near the end of the 19th century, the astronomer

paragraphs: Giovanni Schiaparelli reported seeing what he thought might be water channels on Mars. Because the Italian for channels is "canali", English translations tended to render the word as "canals", implying artificial construction. This led to the idea of intelligent beings on Mars before it apparently dried up.

paragraphs: The following works of fiction deal with the planet itself, with any assumed Martian civilization as part of its planetary landscape.

paragraphs: Several early modern writers, including Athanasius Kircher and Emanuel Swedenborg, hypothesized contact with Mars. Early science fiction about Mars often involved the first voyages to the planet, sometimes as an invasion force, more often for the purposes of exploration.

paragraphs: By the 1930s, stories about reaching Mars had become somewhat trite, and the focus shifted to Mars as an alien landscape. New stories were set in a time after human contact and basic exploration. Some were about the colonization of Mars or otherwise used Mars as a setting rather than a goal.

paragraphs: Beginning in 1965, the Mariner and Viking space probes revealed that the canals were an illusion, and that the Martian environment is extremely hostile to life. By the 1970s, the ideas of canals and ancient civilizations had to be abandoned.

paragraphs: Authors soon began writing stories based on the new Mars (frequently treating it as a desert planet). Most of these works have humans struggling to tame the planet, and some of them refer to terraforming (using technology to transform a planet's environment).

paragraphs: A common theme, particularly among American writers, is that of a Martian colony fighting for independence from Earth. It appeared already in Heinlein's "Red Planet" and is a major plot element in Greg Bear's "Moving Mars" and Kim Stanley Robinson's "Mars" trilogy. It is also part of the plot of the movie "Total Recall" and the television series "Babylon 5". Many video games also use this concept, such as the "Red Faction" and "Zone of the Enders" series. A historical rebellion of Mars against Earth is also mentioned in the "Star Trek" series of novels.

paragraphs: In the decades following Mariner and Apollo, the once-popular subgenre of realistic stories about a first expedition to Mars fell out of fashion, possibly due to the failure of the Apollo Program to continue on to Mars. The early 1990s saw a revival and re-envisioning of realistic novels about Mars expeditions. Early novels in this renaissance were Jack Williamson's novel "Beachhead" and Ben Bova's novel "Mars" (both 1992), which envisioned large-scale expeditions to Mars according to the thinking of the 1990s. These were followed by Gregory Benford's "The Martian Race" (1999), Geoffrey A. Landis's "Mars Crossing" (2000), and Robert Zubrin's "First Landing" (2002), which took as their starting points the smaller and more focussed expedition strategies evolved in the late 1990s, mostly building on the concepts of Mars Direct.

paragraphs: Several post-Mariner works are homages to the older phase of Mars fiction, circumventing the scientific picture of a dry and lifeless Mars with an unbreathable atmosphere through such science fiction generic staples as positing its future terraforming, or creating alternate history versions of Mars, where Burroughs' Barsoom, Bradbury's Martian Chronicles or The War of the Worlds are literal truth.

paragraphs: The Martian is a favorite character of classical science fiction; he was frequently found away from his home planet, often invading Earth, but sometimes simply a lonely character representing alienness from his surroundings. Martians, other than human beings transplanted to Mars, became rare in fiction after Mariner, except in exercises of deliberate nostalgia – more frequently in some genres, such as comics and animation, than in written literature.


title: Chang Gung University

paragraphs: Chang Gung University is a university in Taiwan. It was named after Wang Chang-gung, 's father. The main campus is in Taoyuan City. It was founded in 1987.


title: University of Otago

paragraphs: The University of Otago () in Dunedin is New Zealand's oldest university. Founded in 1869 the university opened in July 1871. Between 1874 and 1961 the University of Otago was a part of the University of New Zealand, and issued degrees in its name.

paragraphs: The University of Otago has ten libraries — seven based in Dunedin on the main university campus, the Education library in Southland, plus two medical libraries in Wellington and Christchurch. All libraries have wireless access.

paragraphs: The University of Otago had over 21,000 students enrolled during 2011.


title: Moradabad district

paragraphs: Moradabad district is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state of India, and Moradabad town is the district headquarters. Moradabad district is a part of Moradabad division. As of 2011 it is the second most populous district of Uttar Pradesh (out of 71), after Allahabad.

paragraphs: The district of Moradabad lies between 28°21´ to 28°16´ north latitude and 78°4´ to 79° east longitude. The district occupies an area of 3493 km and has a population of 2,761,620. The city is known for its export of brass handicrafts to North America and Europe, and is also thus called "Brass City" or Peetal Nagri. It has close to four million citizens of various ethnicities and religions.

paragraphs: The district of Moradabad lies east of the Ganges and west of the native state of Rampur. Its area is 2285 sq. m. It lies within the great Gangetic plain and is demarcated into three subdivisions by the rivers Ramganga and Sot. The eastern tract consists of a submontane country, with an elevation slightly greater than the plain below, and is traversed by numerous streams descending from the Himalayas. The central portion consists of a level central plain descending at each end into the valleys of the Ramganga and Sot. The western section has a gentle slope towards the Ganges, with a rapid dip into the lowlands a few miles from the bank of the great river.

paragraphs: According to the 2011 census Moradabad district has a population of 4,773,138, roughly equal to the nation of Singapore or the US state of Alabama. This gives it a ranking of 26th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 25.25%.

paragraphs: In 2011 a new district named Sambhal district is formed with two sub districts of Moradabad district.

paragraphs: The rest of Moradabad district have a population of 3126507.The Muslim population in rest of Moradabad district is 1588297.

paragraphs: Moradabad has a sex ratio of 903 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 58.67%.


title: Woody Island (South China Sea)

paragraphs: Woody Island, also known as Yongxing Island (永兴岛 or 永興島 or Yǒngxīng Dǎo) and known as Phu Lam Island (Đảo Phú Lâm), is the largest of the Paracel Islands in the South China Sea.

paragraphs: The island is controlled by the People's Republic of China. It is part of the city of Sansha.

paragraphs: Soliders of the People's Liberation Army are stationed on the island.

paragraphs: The island is also claimed by the Republic of China, and Vietnam


title: Hapi

paragraphs: Hapi was the god of the annual flooding of the Nile in Egyptian mythology. He was sometimes called "Lord of the Fishes and Birds of the Marshes" or "Lord of the River Bringing Vegetation". He is often shown in art as a man with a large belly wearing a loincloth, having long hair and having large, female-like chest.


title: Begoña Basauri

paragraphs: María Begoña Basauri Díaz (born August 25, 1982 in Antofagasta) is a Chilean actress.


title: Urðarbrunnr

paragraphs: Urðarbrunnr (Old Norse for the "Well of Urðr") is a well in Norse mythology. It is situated under the Yggdrasil or the world tree. Norse mythology is a version of the older northern Germanic mythology. The gods would travel via the bifrost with the exception of Thor as it was thought that he would break the bridge which took the form of a rainbow, to Urðarbrunnr. Here they would meet and decide things, presumably laws of nature and magic and love and war.


title: Mario Party 5

paragraphs: Mario Party 5 is a party board video game for the Nintendo GameCube console. It is the fifth game in the "Mario Party" series. It was developed by Hudson Soft and published by Nintendo. It was released on November 10, 2003 in North America, on November 28, 2003 in Japan, and on December 5, 2003 in Europe.

paragraphs: "Mario Party 5" plays the same as the first four "Mario Party" games. Players go around on boards to collect coins, which they can use to buy stars. Movement is done with the use of a dice block with the numbers one through ten. After all four players take their turns, a mini-game is played. The player that wins the mini-game wins coins. The winner is the player with the most stars at the end of the game. Boards have different types of spaces, including blue spaces which add coins, red spaces which take away coins, and Bowser Spaces which causes Bowser to appear and do a bad event. The game introduces the DK Space, where Donkey Kong appears to cause an event to happen. Unlike Bowser events, these events are always good. Also new to the game is the Capsule system, which replaces the item system from past games. Capsules are containers that hold a single item. Players can get capsules by passing by the "Capsule Machine" on the board. Each capsule does something different, including increasing the number of dice blocks a player can roll, and taking away coins from an opponent. Capsules can be thrown up to ten spaces away.

paragraphs: Ten characters are playable. New to the series as a playable character are Toad, Boo, and Koopa Kid. Because of the addition of the DK Space, Donkey Kong is no longer a playable character.

paragraphs: In addition to the main party game, players can also play a mode called Super Duel Mode. In Super Duel Mode, players build a battle vehicle to use in tournaments or fight against friends. Players are able to change their vehicle by using different parts. Parts can be bought with the points from mini-games.


title: Trace Cyrus

paragraphs: Trace Dempsey Cyrus (born February 24, 1989) is an American musician. He was the former guitarist, songwriter and vocalist of Metro Station. He is the adopted son of Billy Ray Cyrus.

paragraphs: Cyrus was born in Ashland, Kentucky to Billy Ray Cyrus and Leticia Finley. His parents are of Cherokee Native American, Dutch, English, French, German, Irish, Scottish and Welsh descent.


title: Jason Collins

paragraphs: Jason Paul Collins (born December 2, 1978) is a retired American basketball player. He was a center for the Brooklyn Nets of the National Basketball Association (NBA).

paragraphs: Collins played college basketball for Stanford University and was named to the All-Pac-10 first team in 2001.

paragraphs: He was drafted by the New Jersey Nets with the 18th overall pick in the 2001 NBA Draft.

paragraphs: He helped the Nets reach the NBA finals in 2001 but they were swept by the Los Angeles Lakers. He played 7 seasons with the Nets and he was traded with cash considerations to the Memphis Grizzlies for Stromile Swift. He played 31 games for the Grizzlies and then he was traded to the Minnesota Timberwolves in an eight-player deal involving Kevin Love and O. J. Mayo. When his contract expired at the end of the 2008–09 NBA season, the Timberwolves didn't re-sign him and he signed with the Atlanta Hawks on September 2, 2009. He played 3 seasons with the Hawks and signed an undisclosed deal with the Boston Celtics. He was traded by the Celtics to the Washington Wizards on February 21, 2013 for Jordan Crawford.

paragraphs: His twin brother Jarron Collins also played in the NBA. On April 29, 2013, Collins wrote the cover story of Sports Illustrated in which he publicly come out as gay. He became the first active male professional athlete in any of the four major North American pro sports leagues to come out. He said that he chose the jersey number 98 in honor of Matthew Shepard, a victim of a gay hate crime in 1998. Collins said that the number was "a statement to myself, my family and my friends".


title: Valley Forge National Historical Park

paragraphs: Valley Forge National Historical Park (est. 1976) is a United States National Historical Park 25 miles north of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The park covers 3,500 acres. It contains historical buildings, recreated cabins, museums, memorials, and recreation facilities. The park welcomes visitors and gives talks about the history of the boom shacks site.

paragraphs: It was at Valley Forge that General George Washington quartered the American Continental Army during the bitterly cold winter of 1777–1778. Many soldiers suffered or died of cold, sickness, and starvation. Valley Forge was not a battlefield. Washington wrote on February 16, 1778, "Naked and starving as they are we cannot enough admire the incomparable patience and fidelity of the soldiery."


title: Italian neorealism

paragraphs: Italian neorealism describes a movement in Italian cinema. Films such as Rome, Open City and Bicycle Thieves, from the 1940s, were filmed in the streets rather than a studio and told stories about poor people living difficult lives. Among neorealists are Michelangelo Antonioni and Federico Fellini.


title: Martha Greenhouse

paragraphs: Martha Miriam Greenhouse (June 14, 1921 – January 5, 2013) was an American stage, movie and television actress. She was an actors' union leader. She appeared on many television programs including "Route 66", "Car 54, Where Are You?", "Law & Order", "The Jackie Gleason Show", "The Phil Silvers Show", and "Ryan's Hope".

paragraphs: Greenhouse was born on June 14, 1921 in Omaha, Nebraska. She died on January 5, 2013 in her home in New York City, New York from natural causes, aged 91.


title: Susan Tyrrell

paragraphs: Susan Tyrrell (born Susan Jillian Creamer; March 18, 1945 – June 16, 2012) was an American actress, painter, and writer. She is known for her Best Supporting Actress Oscar-nominated performance as Oma in "Fat City", and for her role as Ramona Rickettes in the John Waters movie "Cry-Baby". In 2000, she was diagnosed with thrombocythemia which led to amputation of both her legs below the knee. She spent the years painting and writing.


title: Nicol Williamson

paragraphs: Nicol Williamson (14 September 1938 – 16 December 2011) was a Scottish actor who was known for his first role in "A Midsummer Night's Dream". He was also known for being in many plays.

paragraphs: Williamson was born on 14 September 1938 in Hamilton, South Lanarkshire, Scotland. He studied at the Central Grammar School for Boys, Birmingham and at Birmingham School of Speech & Drama. Williamson was married to Jill Townsend from 1971 until they divorced in 1977. They had one son, Luke. Williamson died on 16 December 2011 in Amsterdam, Netherlands from esophageal cancer, aged 73.


title: Yale Summers

paragraphs: Yale Summers (July 26, 1933 – May 6, 2012) was an American actor. He was known for his role in "Daktari". He was an active member of the Screen Actors Guild.

paragraphs: Summer was born on July 26, 1933 in Manhattan, New York City. He was married to Suzie Summers until his death in 2012. They had two children. Summers died on May 6, 2012 in Beverly Hills, California from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, aged 78.


title: Yvette Wilson

paragraphs: Yvette Renee Wilson (March 6, 1964 – June 14, 2012) was an American comedian and actress. She was best known for her role as Andell Wilkerson in "Moesha" and its spinoff "The Parkers".

paragraphs: Wilson was born on March 6, 1964 in Los Angeles, California. She studied at San Jose State Univeristy. Wilson died on June 14, 2012 in Los Angeles, California from cervical cancer and kidney disease, aged 48.


title: Tony Epper

paragraphs: John Anthony "Tony" Epper (October 1, 1938 – July 20, 2012) was an American actor and stuntman. He was a member of the Epper family, whose members work as actors and stunt performers. He is known for his roles in "Ma and Pa Kettle at Home", "Carbine Williams", and "The Story of Will Rogers".

paragraphs: Epper was born on October 1, 1938 in Los Angeles, California. He was married to Donna Epper until his death in 2012. He had two children and two step-children. Epper died on July 20, 2012 in his home in Boise, Idaho from cancer, aged 73.


title: Karl Albrecht

paragraphs: Karl Hans Albrecht (20 February 1920 – 16 July 2014) was a German entrepreneur. He founded the supermarket chain Aldi with his brother Theo. In October 2012, Albrecht was listed as one of the richest people in the world with an estimated net worth of US$22.6 billion.

paragraphs: Previously, Forbes listed him as one of richest men in the world, with an estimated net worth in 2011 of US$25.4 billion. That made him 10th in the 2012 Forbes list of billionaires. He was the oldest billionaire in the Top 20 list. Albrecht was the richest person in Germany, and the fourth-richest in Europe.

paragraphs: Albrecht was born on 20 February 1920 in Essen, Germany. He was married. He has two children. Albrecht lived in Mulheim an der Ruhr, Germany.

paragraphs: Albrecht died in Essen, Germany from natural causes, aged 94.


title: Liliane Bettencourt

paragraphs: Liliane Henriette Charlotte Schueller, married name Bettencourt (21 October 1922 – 21 September 2017), was a French heiress, socialite, businesswoman and philanthropist.

paragraphs: She was one of the principal shareholders of L'Oréal. According to Forbes, she was the richest woman in the world, making her the tenth richest person in the world with a net worth of US$36.4 billion, as of the 2015 version of "The World's Billionaires".

paragraphs: Bettencourt was born on 21 October 1922 in Paris, France. She was married to André Bettencourt from 1950 until his death in 2007. They had one child, a daughter, Françoise. Bettencourt lived and died in Paris.

paragraphs: Bettencourt died in Paris, France on 21 September 2017 at the age of 94.


title: Chill-out music

paragraphs: Chill-out music began in Europe during the early-1990s. It includes different types of electronic music that are meant to have a mellow style as well as mid-tempo beats. Ambient, ambient house, trip-hop, nu jazz, New Age and some other sub-genres of downtempo are mainly associated with chill-out music.

paragraphs: This genre of music is played in "chill rooms" at dance clubs to allow dancers a chance to relax and take a break from the more vigorous and fast-tempo type of music that is played on the main dance floor. In 1992, a UK regulation required dance clubs to have chill-out rooms and free water because of a number of Ecstasy-related injuries and deaths.


title: Human Nature (Madonna song)

paragraphs: "Human Nature" is a single from American singer-songwriter Madonna. It is from her album "Bedtime Stories", which was released in Autumn 1994. The song was written and produced by Madonna and released in June 1995. The song is about humor, sex and sarcasm. It was written in response to the huge backlash to her 1992 record "Erotica" and her coffee table book "Sex".

paragraphs: This single got mixed reviews by the critics, although it was a moderate hit in America, Australia and the United Kingdom. There are many versions of this song.


title: Crore

paragraphs: A crore is the number 10^7, equal to 10 million or 100 lakh. It is used in India for money and as a number. In India it is written 1,00,00,000 and in other countries it is written 10,000,000.


title: Phrenology

paragraphs: Phrenology is the study of human characteristics according to shape of the skull. It was popular until around the 1900s, when scientists started to discourage against it. Today, it is considered a pseudoscience.


title: Orbital inclination

paragraphs: Orbital inclination is a term for the angle between two orbital planes. It is often used to describe the movement of celestial bodies such as stars and planets. In that context, one of the planes is the standard, or reference. Many stars are in a galaxy that has a galactic plane which is used as reference. For a planet's orbit, the inclination is the angle to the ecliptic plane. For a moon, an inclination of 0 degrees means the orbiting body orbits the planet in its equatorial plane, in the same direction as the planet rotates.


title: FC Biel/Bienne

paragraphs: FC Biel-Bienne is the most successful football club in the city of Biel/Bienne, Switzerland. The club was founded on 13 November 1896. The club played in a stadium called ‘Jardin Anglais’ at the beginning. They went to the Gurzelen Stadium in the year 1913. There they still play today. The Gurzelen Stadium has a capacity of 15,000.

paragraphs: The club got the name FC Biel-Bienne in 1911. Before they were called ‘Football-Club de Bienne’. During World War I they didn’t play in the league but they did a lot of charity projects.

paragraphs: FC Biel-Bienne plays in the Challenge League today. The second best football league in Switzerland.

paragraphs: They moved to the First League in the season 1989/90. This is the best League of Amateur-football in Switzerland. They went to the Challenge League again in 2008.

paragraphs: Because the Gurzelen Stadium is very old, FC Biel/Bienne has to play on the ‘Maladière Stadium’ in Neuenburg. But the club can come back in 2014 because the new stadium is going to be built. It will be opened in 2015.

paragraphs: The president of the FC Biel-Bienne is Jean-Marc Hofstetter. He became president in 2013.

paragraphs: The coach of the club is Phillipe Perret.

paragraphs: In 1947 they became Swiss Champion. In 1961 they reached the final of the Swiss Cup. In 2011 they reached they reached the semifinal of the Swiss Cup. In 1968 they won the Uhrencup.


title: Catharina-Amalia, Princess of Orange

paragraphs: Catharina-Amalia, Princess of Orange (given names: "Catharina-Amalia Beatrix Carmen Victoria"; born 7 December 2003) is the oldest child of King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands, and Queen Máxima. On April 30 2013, she became the heiress apparent to the Dutch throne when her father became King.

paragraphs: Princess Catharina-Amalia was born on 7 December 2003 at HMC Bronovo in The Hague. On 12 June 2004, Catharina-Amalia was baptized by Reverend Carel ter Linden in the Grote, or St. Jacob's, Church in The Hague.

paragraphs: Princess Catharina-Amalia was enrolled in Bloemcamp school in Wassenaar on 10 December 2007. Her birthdays are usually celebrated with a concert at Kloosterkerk, The Hague. The concerts are attended by ambassadors and members of the royal household and the Council of State of the Netherlands. On her seventh birthday, a Douglas C-47 Skytrain once owned by her great-grandfather, Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld, was named after Catharina-Amalia by Peter Hartman. The princess herself did not go to the naming ceremony because of school obligations.

paragraphs: On 28 January 2013, it was stated that Queen Beatrix would abdicate on 30 April. Because of this, Princess Catharina-Amalia, as the heiress apparent to her father, would take the title of Princess of Orange. She is the first person to have this title. After her father became king, she still lives in Wassenaar, but will eventually move with her family to Huis ten Bosch. Princess Catharina-Amalia will have a seat in the Advisory Division of the Council of State of the Netherlands when she becomes 18 years old (age of majority).

paragraphs: Her official title in Dutch is "Hare Koninklijke Hoogheid De Prinses van Oranje"

paragraphs: Queen Beatrix abdicated the Dutch throne on 30 April 2013. Upon the abdication, Princess Catharina-Amalia became the Princess of Orange as heiress apparent.

paragraphs: As a daughter of one of the 2 Heads of the House, when she becomes 18 years old, she "will become" :


title: Nitro compound

paragraphs: A nitro compound is a molecule that has the nitro group. The nitro group is made of one nitrogen atom connected with two oxygen atoms (-NO). The nitrogen is also bonded to the rest of the molecule.

paragraphs: Nitrogen normally has only three bonds. In a nitro group, the bond is considered positively charged. Then one bond of the oxygen is negatively charged, and the other has a double bond. In reality, the best way to represent the nitro group is to consider it to have delocalized electrons. Then all three atoms are sp hybridised

paragraphs: Nitro compounds are very explosive. This is because, at high temperature, nitro compounds can decompose and release nitrogen gas. This reaction is very exothermic (gives out a lot of energy). Many explosives have nitro groups, for example trinitrotoluene (TNT).


title: Smuggling

paragraphs: Smuggling means illegal transport of goods, objects substances or information across state, national or international borders. Smugglers do this for various reasons including avoiding tariffs.


title: André Le Nôtre

paragraphs: André Le Nôtre (12 March 1613 – 15 September 1700) was a French landscape architect and gardener serving King Louis XVI of France. He designed and constructed the formal gardens at the Palace of Versailles. Other gardens and parks in France he designed include those of Vaux-le-Vicomte, Chantilly, Fontainebleau, Saint-Cloud, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, and the Tuileries. Le Notre's style of garden design was widely imitated in Europe, but without his taste and sound professional judgement. In the 18th century, his designs at Versailles influenced the master plan for Washington, D.C.


title: Karen Doggenweiler

paragraphs: Karen Sylvia Doggenweiler Lapuente (born August 27, 1969 in Puerto Varas) is a popular Chilean journalist and TV presenter.

paragraphs: She is married to the Chilean politician Marco Enríquez-Ominami.


title: Julio César Rodríguez

paragraphs: Julio César Rodríguez (born on 1969 in Hualpén) is a Chilean journalist and television presenter.


title: Dallas (2012 TV series)

paragraphs: Dallas is an American television soap opera. The show airs on TNT. It started on June 13, 2012. It is a revival of the 1978-1991 television series of the same name. It continues from where the original series left off. The cast includes Patrick Duffy, Larry Hagman, Linda Gray, Josh Henderson, and Jesse Metcalfe.

paragraphs: The series was cancelled on October 3, 2014.

paragraphs: Like the original series, "Dallas" is about the Ewings, a family from Texas involved in oil and cattle ranching. The new series focuses on the next generation of the Ewings. The next generation of the Ewings are the children who were born during the original series. As grown-ups, the children have become a lot like their parents. Three characters from the original series, Bobby, J.R., and Sue Ellen, return as main characters.


title: Televisa

paragraphs: Grupo Televisa, S.A.B. () is a Mexican multimedia mass media company and the largest in Hispanic America and the Spanish-speaking world. and in the Spanish-speaking world. It is a major international entertainment business, with much of its programming airing in the United States on Univision, with which it has an exclusive contract in the Univision (Latin America tv channel).

paragraphs: It is headed by Leopoldo Gómez, the Vice President of News for Televisa.


title: Inclosure Act 1773

paragraphs: The Inclosure Act 1773 (13 Geo 3. c. 81) (also known as the Enclosure Act 1773) is an Act of the Parliament of the Kingdom of Great Britain. The Act is still in force in the United Kingdom. It created a law that allowed landowners to enclose land and remove the right of commoners to use the land. This act was a big part of the agrarian revolution.


title: Eric Koston

paragraphs: Eric Koston (born April 29, 1975) is an American professional skateboarder. He was born in Bangkok, Thailand. Now he is living in California in the United States.

paragraphs: Eric grew up in San Bernardino in California. He started to skateboard in 1986 at the age of 11 years old when his brother gave him his old skateboard. He picked up skateboarding quickly and later went to a skate camp where he met Eddie Elguera, who realized his potential as a professional skateboarder. He was in grade 10 when he dropped out of school to become a full time skateboarder.

paragraphs: In 1992, Koston moved to Los Angeles where Natas Kaupas got him into the 101 team. In 101, he established himself as a leading switch stance skateboarder. He did many switch tricks like the nollie flip nose slide and the switch kick flip backside tail slide. He also took a switch 360 flip down the Embarcadero 7. He was finally sponsored and became a pro-skater in 1993 when he joined the H-Street Team and moved into the team house. Later, in 1993, he created the Fourstar clothing company. He also invented many skateboard tricks. Even though he didn't invent it himself, Koston's main signature trick is the "K Grind" (for Koston) after mastering it and showing it on a video. The "K Grind" is only a crooked grind. His stance is goofy, but he is known for his ability to skate switch. He possesses the technical skill and commitment to create the practice of new tricks, either on the streets, or in competition. He is known for commercializing the competitive, HORSE-derivative game of S.K.A.T.E. Eric Koston appears in the Electronic Arts (EA games) video games Skate 2 and Skate 3. He also is in the Laikai video named Fully Flared where he does a perfect fakie 360 flip down the four stairs. Eric Koston is still skateboarding. He can be seen at the Battle of the Berrics which are games of S.K.A.T.E. in their co-own skate park.


title: Britain's Next Top Model, Cycle 4

paragraphs: Britain's Next top Model, Cycle 4 is the fourth season of "Britain's Next Top Model". This cycle includes 14 contestants. The winner was 18-year old Alex Evans.


title: Leper window

paragraphs: A leper window was a window built low in the chancel wall of some medieval churches. It was usually iron barred and shuttered. Lepers stood outside and watched Mass through this window.


title: Eurocopter EC120 Colibri

paragraphs: The Eurocopter EC120 Colibri is a light helicopter designed and built in France and Germany, with help of China and Singapore. The name of Colibri is the french translation for hummingbird. It is built by Eurocopter in Marignane. Its first flight was in 1995. Some are used by the Chinese, French and Spanish air forces mainly for training.


title: Women's Rights National Historical Park

paragraphs: Women's Rights National Historical Park (est.1980) consists of four historical properties in Seneca Falls and Waterloo, New York. These properties are important to women's rights. They are the Wesleyan Chapel (the site of the first Women's Rights Convention); the Elizabeth Cady Stanton House; the M'Clintock House; and the Richard Hunt House. The park consists of 6.83 acres (27,600 m²). It includes a visitor center and an education and cultural center.

paragraphs: The Votes For Women History Trail (est. 2009) is administered through the Park. It is a motor vehicle route of sites in upstate New York important to women's rights. Sites include the Susan B. Anthony House; the Mount Hope Cemetery; Antoinette Louisa Brown Blackwell Childhood Home; the M'Clintock House; and The Women's Rights National Historic Park itself.


title: Trams in Biel

paragraphs: There was a tram system in Biel, Switzerland, from 1877 to 1948. As the idea of having trams was not popular, there was only one route from Bözingen to Nidau.

paragraphs: The tram was originally a horse carriage on rails. There were only a few carriages from other tram systems. Although it was very small there were summer and winter carriages.

paragraphs: After Biel City bought the system in 1901, it became electrical with more carriages and a bigger route. The tram was not very popular and the owner did not earn much money. This was the reason why only very few routes were built.

paragraphs: All the four routes started at the train station in Biel, today known as ‘Zentralplatz’. The tram to Meinisberg went through Mett but because there was a big distance between Biel and Meinisberg, there were only a few stations.

paragraphs: Biel City started to reduced the system in 1930. First, route 1 and 2 became route 1. Then, in 1940, routes 2 and 3 were replaced by buses and finally, route 1 became a bus route, too.

paragraphs: Biel has a well-organized bus system since 1948. It grew more and more and is quite large, with over 15 different routes today. Some of them use the old tram routes but more were added, especially in the last 20 years. There are also different bus types today. Some are electrical, others run on fuel.


title: Gennevilliers

paragraphs: Gennevilliers is a town in France near Paris. It is in the region Île-de-France and the department of Hauts-de-Seine. About 41,000 people live there.

paragraphs: Gennevilliers has a town hall, two fire stations, a police station, three post office, and a customs station.

paragraphs: Gennevilliers has an old church from 17th century called Saint Marie Madeleine.

paragraphs: At least Gennevilliers has got a movie theatre, a modern theatre, a music school, and a fine art school.

paragraphs: The main sports played in Gennevilliers are : Football, rugby, swimming, dance, archery, and kayak

paragraphs: Gennevilliers is famous for his port, the Port de Gennevilliers, one of the most important in France, and the first one on the river Seine. Gennevilliers has 3 stations of the Paris Métro Line 13 : "Gabriel Péri", "Les Agnettes", and "Les Courtilles". Urban train line C come to Gennevilliers. City is also served by 6 tram stations : "Parc des Chantereine", "Gare de Gennevilliers", "Timbaud", "Le Village", "Le Luth", and "Les Courtilles". Two highways converge in Gennevilliers, the "A15" and "A86".


title: Renault Master

paragraphs: The Renault Master is a series of light trucks and minibuses produced by French manufacturer Renault from 1980 to present.

paragraphs: Opel and Vauxhall make the same vehicle but with different names, The names are: Opel Movano and Vauxhall Movano.


title: Cumberland Gap National Historical Park

paragraphs: Cumberland Gap National Historical Park (est. June 11, 1940) is a United States National Historical Park at the borders Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia. The park covers . It includes a visitors' center, museum, and gift shop.

paragraphs: The Cumberland Gap is a large natural break in the Appalachian Mountains. Historically, the gap was fertile hunting ground used by Native Americans. About 1775, it became the main route for settlers moving west into Kentucky. Between 1775 and 1810 as many as 300,000 settlers may have used the gap. Tours are led to the park's Hensley Settlement, an early 20th century Kentucky mountain community, and trips are made to Gap Cave which was once used for shelter by traveling Indians and settlers. Appalachian music festivals and concerts are held in the park.


title: Britain's Next Top Model, Cycle 2

paragraphs: Britain's Next Top Model, Cycle 2 is the second season of "Britain's Next Top Model". This cycle includes 13 contestants. The winner was 18-year old Lianna Fowler from Derby, England.


title: Italophilia

paragraphs: Italophilia is the admiration, general appreciation or love of Italy, its culture, society, arts and people. It is often related to the emulation of Italy's ideals and civilization.

paragraphs: The term is used in two basic contexts: in international politics and in cultural context.

paragraphs: "Italophilia", "Italophile", and "Italophilic" are the terms used to denote pro-Italian sentiments, usually in politics and literature.

paragraphs: A huge italophilia started to develop in Europe during the centuries of the Italian Renaissance.

paragraphs: Actually one of the main reasons of Italophilia in the world is that Italy is home to more World Heritage Sites than any other nation in the world. These sites are culturally important and value according to UNESCO. Indeed about 60% of the works of art of the world are in Italy.

paragraphs: Another reason is the worlwide appreciation for Italian culinary and foods. Italy is also a big wine producer. In 2005 it made over 5 million tonnes, and many italian wines are very famous in the world, like the "Chianti".

paragraphs: Indeed in the American countries with a huge Italian emigration in the last centuries, there it is a widespread italophilia: Argentina, Brasil, Uruguay, Canada and the USA have millions of Italian descendants who promote in their society the love and appreciation for Italy.

paragraphs: Actually Giorgio Silvestri (director of the "Assemblea legislativa della Liguria") has calculated that there are nearly 250 million italophiles in the world.


title: DeWitt Clinton

paragraphs: DeWitt Clinton (March 2, 1769 – February 11, 1828) was an early American politician and statesman. He graduated in law from Columbia University in 1790. From 1790 to 1795 he served as private secretary to his uncle, George Clinton.

paragraphs: Clinton was born in Little Britain, New York. He was married to Maria Franklin. They had ten children, but only three survived. Clinton then married Catharine Jones from 1819 until his death in 1828. His son, George William Clinton, served as mayor of Buffalo, New York.

paragraphs: He served in the New York State Legislature (1797–1798) and the New York Senate (1798–1802). He served the U.S. Senate (1802–1803). He served 10 terms as Mayor of New York City (1803–1815). During his 10 terms as mayor, he promoted public education, city planning, public sanitation, and relief for the poor.

paragraphs: Clinton also held office as state senator (1806–1811) and lieutenant governor (1811–1813). From 1810 to 1824, he served as New York Canal Commissioner. In 1812, he lost the race for President of the United States to James Madison. He was Governor of New York State (1817–1823, 1825–1828). He supported a plan to build a canal through upstate New York to connect the east with the Midwest. He became such a strong supporter of the New York plan that his opponents called it "Clinton's Ditch". He is sometimes known as the Father of the Erie Canal.

paragraphs: Clinton died from heart failure in Albany, New York, aged 58.


title: TV Azteca

paragraphs: TV Azteca, is a Mexican multimedia conglomerate owned by Grupo Salinas. It is the second-largest mass media company in Mexico after Televisa. As of 2017, it competes in Mexico with Televisa. It operates two television networks in Mexico: Azteca 7 and Azteca Trece. It also operates repeaters and affiliate stations in most major and minor cities.


title: Dulwich College

paragraphs: Dulwich College is a boarding school for boys aged 7-18 in Dulwich in south London. It is one of the largest fee-paying schools in England. It was started in 1619 by Edward Alleyn. In 2013 88% of students got 100% A*/A in their A Levels. It is a member of the Eton Group.


title: Taurus (constellation)

paragraphs: Taurus is a constellation in the northern sky. "Taurus" means "bull" in Latin. It is a constellation of the zodiac, which means that it crosses the ecliptic. The astronomer named Ptolemy listed Taurus when he made a list of 48 constellations. It is one of the 88 modern constellations that were made by the International Astronomical Union.

paragraphs: The star clusters Pleiades and Hyades are in Taurus. Taurus also contains the Crab Nebula, which is a supernova remnant. The brightest star in Taurus is a red giant star called Aldebaran.


title: The Pink Panther 2

paragraphs: The Pink Panther 2 is a comedy movie released in 2009. It is the sequel to the movie "The Pink Panther". In this movie, Inspector Jacques Clouseau (Steve Martin) is assigned to catch a burglar called "The Tornado". The Tornado has stolen the famous Pink Panther Diamond.

paragraphs: This movie also stars Kevin Kline, Beyoncé Knowles, and Jean Reno.


title: Boston National Historical Park

paragraphs: The Boston National Historical Park (est. October 1, 1974) is a group of eight sites in Boston, Massachusetts associated with the American Revolutionary War: the Bunker Hill Monument; Charlestown Navy Yard; Dorchester Heights; Faneuil Hall; Old North Church; Old South Meeting House; Old State House; and the Paul Revere House.


title: Organolithium reagent

paragraphs: Organolithium compounds contain a direct bond between a carbon atom and a lithium atom. They are an important class of organometallic compound. The bonding between the carbon and lithium is highly polar due to the difference in electronegativity between these atoms, which effectively makes the carbon negatively charged and capable of acting as a strong base or nucleophile. These compounds are similar to Grignard reagents, but are much more reactive. Organolithium reagents such as butyllithium are widely commercially available. Due to their highly reactive nature, they must be handled under a protective atmosphere such as nitrogen or argon as they will catch fire in air.


title: Bieler Braderie

paragraphs: The Braderie (, ) is a festival celebrated every year in Biel, Switzerland at the end of June. In 2013, the festival will start on 28 June and end on 30 June.

paragraphs: The main part of the festival takes place between the train station Biel and the Nidaugasse. There are over 100 stalls every year, which sell different things. The shops in Biel usually do their sales in this week, because many people are in the streets during the festival. A stage is set up in the front of the Apollo Cinema. Bands and singers present their music on this stage. The Braderie is known for a lot of famous Swiss stars, for example, Stress, DJ Antoine and Pegasus.

paragraphs: The Braderie began in 1936. Since 1930 and the big economic crisis, the people of Biel were searching for a way to improve the economy of Biel. The festival was started by Miggi Tièche and Carlo Schneeberger. The first Braderie was a big success. Originally known simply as a solution for the crisis, the Braderie began to be a part of Biel's calendar. There were three Braderies between 1937 and 1939. During World War II, they had to stop the Braderie. The break ended only in 1947, and then the Braderie started again, and it was known as "Bieler Sommerfest" (Biel Summer Celebration). Because of the long history from the Braderie, it is common today for most of the stores in Biel to make their sales during the Braderie.


title: Alba Quezada

paragraphs: Alba Quezada (born Alba Pilar Fuenzalida Figueroa on August 28, 1985 in Chillán) is a Chilean model and television presenter.


title: Begonia

paragraphs: Begonia is a genus of perennial flowering plants. The genus contains about 1,400 different plant species. Begonias are found in moist subtropical and tropical climates. Some species are often grown indoors as houseplants.


title: Ingrid Cruz

paragraphs: Ingrid Elena Cruz Toro (born 1 July 1975 in Antofagasta) is a Chilean actress.


title: Lucía Hiriart

paragraphs: María Lucía Hiriart Rodríguez (born December 10, 1922), also known as Lucía Hiriart de Pinochet, is the widow of former Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet. She was First Lady of Chile from 1973 to 1990. She was born in Antofagasta, Chile.

paragraphs: On 30 December 2018, Hiriart was hospitalized after falling at her home in Santiago de Chile. She fractured her arm and multiple ribs.


title: Carolina Mestrovic

paragraphs: Carolina Verónica Mestrovic Moroni (born 20 July 1991, in Arica) is a Chilean singer, actress and television presenter.


title: Lissette Sierra

paragraphs: Lissette Pilar Sierra Ocayo (born on 1981 in Arica) is a Chilean model.


title: Britain's Next Top Model, Cycle 3

paragraphs: Britain's Next Top Model, Cycle 3 is the third season of "Britain's Next Top Model". This cycle includes 12 contestants. The winner was 18-year-old Lauren McAvoy.


title: Britain & Ireland's Next Top Model (series 7)

paragraphs: Britain's & Ireland's Next Topmodel, Cycle 7 is the seventh season of "Britain & Ireland's Next Top Model". Tis cycle includes 13 contestants. The winner was 20-year-old Jade Thompson from Stoke on Trent, England.


title: Anglo-Zulu War

paragraphs: The Anglo-Zulu War was a war fought from 1879 to 1887 between the Zulu people and the British Empire. There was no declaration of war. The war was fought in South Africa, mostly. The Zulu were victorious at first, and won the Battle of Isandlwana. Later their luck turned, and the British Empire won the Battle of Ulundi. The Zulu lost the war, and the Zulu Kingdom ceased to exist as an independent state. Today, the area is part of South Africa, and is called KwaZulu-Natal.


title: Amanda Bresnan

paragraphs: Amanda Bresnan (born 4 December 1971) is an Australian politician. She is a member of the Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly. Bresnan was elected to the ACT Legislative Assembly from the electorate of Brindabella in the 2008 election. She was defeated at the 2012 election

paragraphs: Bresnan grew up in Brisbane. She studied at Griffith University. Bresnan entered the ACT Government's Graduate Program and later became a senior policy officer in ACT Health. She went on to become policy manager for the Consumers’ Health Forum of Australia and the director of policy at the Mental Health Council of Australia.

paragraphs: Bresnan ran for election for the electorate of Molonglo in the Australian Capital Territory general election in 2004. She did not win in the multi-member electorate. However, the Greens' main candidate, Deb Foskey, was elected.

paragraphs: In the 2007, Bresnan ran for the House of Representatives seat of Canberra. In June 2008, the ACT Greens said that Bresnan would stand for election in Brindabella.

paragraphs: Bresnan main interest dealth with Health, Mental Health, Transport, Disability, Housing, Ageing, Multicultural Affairs, Industrial Relations and Corrections. She is also the ACT Greens' Party Whip.


title: Britain's Next Top Model, Cycle 5

paragraphs: Britain's Next Top Model, Cycle 5 is the fifth season of "Britain's Next Top Model". This cycle includes 13 contestants. The winner 19-year-old was Mecia Simson from Plymouth, England.


title: Queen Liliʻuokalani

paragraphs: Queen Liliʻuokalani (1838-1917) was the last monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaii. She was well educated and traveled widely. She married John Owen Dominis on September 16, 1862. He became the Governor of Oahu and Maui. The couple had no children. She was an accomplished musician. "Aloha ʻOe" is her best known composition.

paragraphs: In 1891, Liliʻuokalani became Queen of Hawaii when her brother, the king, died. In 1893, she wanted a new constitution. This caused the American minister in Hawaii great concern. American soldiers took over the ʻIolani Palace and other government buildings. In 1894, they removed Queen Liliʻuokalani as queen. The United States set up a provisional government. It became the Republic of Hawaii.

paragraphs: The Hawaiian people were on the side of their Queen. President Grover Cleveland offered to return the throne if she granted amnesty to all involved in the takeover of her kingdom. She refused, but then changed her mind and agreed. She was denied her reinstatement by the Provisional Government. On July 4, 1894, the Republic of Hawaii began. Liliʻuokalani died on November 11, 1917 following a stroke.


title: Couleur

paragraphs: Couleur (from French, in English "colour", or in the United States "color") is the word which is used for the headgear and ribbons worn by members of some Central European student societies (Studentenverbindungen).


title: Zirkel (Studentenverbindung)

paragraphs: A Zirkel is a symbol used in Central European student societies (Studentenverbindungen).

paragraphs: A "Zirkel" consists of interwined lines, mostly followed by an exclamation mark. The lines mostly show the first letters of the name of the "Studentenverbindung" and/or the letters v, c, f or e, f, v.

paragraphs: The meaning of the exclamation mark is not quite clear.

paragraphs: The members of the "Studentenverbindung" use the "Zirkel" as sign on Couleur or other things (such as beer glasses, etc). If a member signs in affairs of its "Studentenverbindung" it places the "Zirkel" after its signature. This use is similar to the use of postnominals in Anglo-Saxon countries.


title: Masha Rasputina

paragraphs: Masha Rasputina (, born "Alla Ageeva", 13 May 1965, Urop, Belovsky District, Kemerovo Oblast) is a Russian pop singer. She is known for her over-the-top, husky vocal style, fiery stage persona and flamboyant image.

paragraphs: Rasputina has been married twice. She has two daughters, Lidia Yermakova and Maria Zakharova (born 8 September 2000).


title: Alla Pugacheva

paragraphs: Alla Borisovna Pugacheva (, or Pugachova, ), born 15 April 1949), is а Russian singer. She has a "clear mezzosoprano and a full display of sincere emotions". She is the most successful Soviet and Russian performer in terms of record sales and popularity. She became a of the Russian SFSR in 1980, in 1985 and in 1991. She is the mother of actress and singer, Kristina Orbakaitė.


title: Jorge Drexler

paragraphs: Jorge Drexler (born Jorge Abner Drexler Prada; 21 September 1964) is an Uruguayan musician, actor, and doctor.

paragraphs: In 2004, Drexler become the first Uruguayan ever to win an Academy Award. He won for composing the song "Al Otro Lado del Río" from "The Motorcycle Diaries".


title: Aloha ʻOe

paragraphs: "Aloha ʻOe" ("Farewell to Thee") is a song by Queen Lili'uokalani, the last monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaii. It was written in 1878. The song tells of a farewell between two lovers.


title: 2012–13 UEFA Champions League

paragraphs: The 2012–13 UEFA Champions League was the 58th UEFA Champions League. The champions were FC Bayern Munich. No third place match was played, as usual, but the teams defeated in the semi-finals were Real Madrid and FC Barcelona. Chelsea was the defending champions, but they were eliminated in the group stage.

paragraphs: The final was the first ever all German competition. FC Bayern Munich defeated FC Barcelona 7-0 in aggregate. This one one of Barcelonas worst defeat in the Champions League. Borussia Dortmund defeated Real Madrid 4-3 in aggregate.


title: 2011–12 UEFA Champions League

paragraphs: The 2011–12 UEFA Champions League was the 57th UEFA Champions League. The champions were Chelsea. No third place match was played, as usual, but the teams defeated in the semi-finals were Real Madrid and FC Barcelona. FC Barcelona was the defending champions, but they were eliminated in the semi finals.

paragraphs: FC Bayern Munich defeated Real Madrid 3-3 (penalties) in aggregate. FC Barcelona were defeated by Chelsea 3-2 in aggregate.

paragraphs: Chelsea defeated FC Bayern Munich 1-1 (4-3 with penalties).


title: Sofía Castro

paragraphs: Angélica Sofía Castro Rivera (born October 30, 1996 in Mexico City) is a Mexican actress and model. Her step-father is the current President of Mexico and her mother is an actress.


title: Felipe Calderón

paragraphs: Felipe de Jesús Calderón Hinojosa Nick name Comandante Borolas (born August 18, 1962) is a Mexican politician. He was President of Mexico from 1 December 2006 to 30 November 2012. He is a member of the Partido Acción Nacional (PAN), one of the three major Mexican political parties.

paragraphs: Calderón was born on August 18, 1962 in Morelia, Mexico. He studied at Free School of Law, at Autonomous Technological Institute of Mexico, and at Harvard University. Calderón has been married to Margarita Zavala since 1993. She ran for president in the 2018 election, but dropped out of the race.

paragraphs: Calderón is Chairperson of Global Commission for the Economy and Climate which issued The New Climate Economy Report.


title: Mike Gray

paragraphs: Michael "Mike" Gray (October 26, 1935 – April 30, 2013) was an American writer, screenwriter, activist, cinematographer, movie producer and director. He was known for making many documentaries about drugs and war. He was also the screenwriter for "" and "The China Syndrome" for which he was nominated for an Academy Award.

paragraphs: Gray was born on October 26, 1935 in Darlington, Indiana. He was raised in Chicago, Illinois. Gray studied at Purdue University.

paragraphs: He was married to Carol Gray until his death in 2013. They had one son, Lucas Gray who is a storyboard writer for "The Simpsons". Gray died from unknown causes in his home in Los Angeles, California, aged 77.

paragraphs: Gray won the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Original Drama and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay, and for the BAFTA Award for Best Screenplay.


title: Ryukyuan languages

paragraphs: The Ryūkyūan languages (Okinawan: 琉球口, "Ruuchuuguchi") are a group of Japonic languages spoken in the Ryūkyū Islands, the southernmost part of Japan. The languages are Amami, Kunigami, Okinawan, Miyako, Yaeyama and Yonaguni.

paragraphs: Although Japan says the Ryukyuan languages are dialects of Japanese, most linguists see them as languages. This is because Japanese speakers would not be able to understand Ryukyuan without learning it.

paragraphs: In the past, the Ryukyuan languages were spoken all over Ryukyu but due to the languages being discriminated against, most Ryukyuans now speak Japanese.

paragraphs: When a group people called the Yayoi came to Japan, they brought over a language called Proto-Japonic. This language diverged into Japanese and Ryukyuan overtime.

paragraphs: Japanese and Ryukyuan has different sound changes. For example, Japanese “o” becomes Okinawan “u”. This is why the Japanese word “to” (and) is “tu” in Okinawan.

paragraphs: It’s also common for Japanese “k” to become Okinawan “ch”. This causes “Okinawa” to become “Uchinaa”.

paragraphs: In the Yonaguni language, Japanese “y” becomes “d”. Japanese “yama” (mountain) is “dama” in Yonaguni.

paragraphs: Most older Ryukyuans can speak a Ryukyuan language, while younger people speak Japanese. Ryukyuan languages are also spoken in Hawaii and South America as many Ryukyuans live there too.


title: Direct election

paragraphs: A direct election is an election in which people vote directly for the person, persons or political party that they want to see elected to a political position. The opposite is an indirect election, in which the voters elect a group of people who in turn elects the officeholder in question.


title: Sony Pictures Studios

paragraphs: The Sony Pictures Studios is a television and movie studio complex in Culver City, California. It is owned by Sony Pictures Entertainment. Many movies and television shows are taped there, including the popular television game shows "Wheel of Fortune" and "Jeopardy!". It houses the movie companies Columbia Pictures and TriStar Pictures.

paragraphs: The complex started in 1915 as the Triangle Studios (1915-1918), then Paramount Culver Studios (1918-1921), then Goldwyn Studios (1921-1924)

paragraphs: It was acquired by American film and television company Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and renamed it MGM Studios in 1924. Many famous MGM movies such as "The Wizard of Oz" and "Singin' in the Rain" were produced there. Between 1927 and 1963, 52 movies a year were shot there.

paragraphs: In 1986, MGM sold it's studio lot to Lorimar.

paragraphs: In 1989, It was later purchased by Sony Pictures Entertainment and redone as the Sony Pictures Studios.

paragraphs: In 2016, while all the Sony and Columbia titles are later named after TriStar, it was purchased by Pinewood Group and restored as the Pinewood Studios Hollywood

paragraphs: The complex is open for daily studio tours. It has sixteen different sound stages, where the company's movies and television shows are shot.


title: Pegasus (band)

paragraphs: Pegasus is a Swiss pop/rock-band from Biel. From childhood on they were sharing song ideas and a basement rehearsal room. Their songs are a mirror of our times, deeply rooted in the history of pop.

paragraphs: Three of them (Veraguth, Spahni and Spahr) grew up in the same street and went to the same schools. They made a lot of music in their childhood.

paragraphs: After Stefan Brenner came to the band, they tried to get a recording contract. They made their first album in 2007. It was called "A Place To Be". It was quite successful, the reviews were positive.

paragraphs: Their second album was called "Heroes & Champions" (2010). For this album they got the Swiss Music Award in the category Best Newcomer National. It includes the hits "Listen To The Music", "Come Down With Me" and "Easy".

paragraphs: The third most successful album is "Human.Technology" produced in 2011. 0n the 27th of July 2012 it was on second place in the Swiss charts.

paragraphs: They made a special edition called "Human.Technology 2.0". in 2012. The most popular songs are "Man On Mars", "Rise Up (Black Dog)" and "Skyline" (only on "Human.Technology 2.0"). "Skyline" was used as official Swiss Olympic song in London 2012. It was a number one hit in Swiss charts.

paragraphs: In September they started their Human.Technology Tour, in February a second one.

paragraphs: Noah Veraguth is also known for his work with Stress and Bastian Baker. In 2011 he produces a song with Stress called "Elle". Together with M.A.M and Karolyn they made an album called "Noël’s Room" (2012) which is very successful.

paragraphs: In 2010 they won the award in the category Newcomer National. In 2013 they got Best Hit National for "Skyline".


title: Erotica (Madonna album)

paragraphs: Erotica is the fifth studio album from American singer Madonna. It was released on October 20, 1992 through Maverick Records. Six singles were released from the album, one being the title song. The album caused strong controversy. It was less successful than earlier albums by Madonna: it peaked at number two in the United States. Other songs were "Deeper and Deeper" and "Bad Girl".


title: Dutch Golden Age painting

paragraphs: There was a period in the 17th century, where Dutch trade, science and art were among the most advanced in Europe. The period is known as the Dutch Golden Age. In general, this period started in the second half of the Eighty Years' War. After the war, there was the Dutch Republic which was the most propsperous nation in Europe. The historical period of the time was called Baroque. Many of the paintings of this period show the scenes more pretty than they really were. This is called 'idealisation'. The Dutch paintings of the time often lack this feature. Artists of the movement include Peter Paul Rubens, Johannes Vermeer, Bartholomeus van der Helst, and Jacob van Loo.

paragraphs: There were relatively few paintings with religious themes during this period. The reason for this was that most Dutch were Calvinist. Calvinism forbade religious painting in churches. Even though such subjects were acceptable in private homes, they were not very popular. The other traditional classes of history and portrait painting were present, but the period is more notable for a huge variety of other genres, sub-divided into numerous specialized categories, such as scenes of peasant life, landscapes, townscapes, landscapes with animals, maritime paintings, flower paintings and still lifes of various types. The development of many of these types of painting was decisively influenced by 17th-century Dutch artists.

paragraphs: There was a theory in painting, that some types of painting were more prestigious than others. This theory is known as "hierarchy of genres". Because history painting was at the top of the list, many painters wanted to produce historical paintings. The problem with this was that historical paintings were the most difficult to sell. To be able to live from their painting, many painters were forced to produce portraits or genre scenes, which sold much more easily. The hierarchy was as follows:

paragraphs: The Dutch concentrated heavily on the "lower" categories, but by no means rejected the concept of the hierarchy. Most paintings were relatively small – the only common type of really large paintings were group portraits. Painting directly onto walls hardly existed; when a wall-space in a public building needed decorating fitted framed canvas was normally used. For the extra precision possible on a hard surface many painters continued to use wooden panels, some time after the rest of Western Europe had abandoned them; some used copper plates, usually recycling plates from printmaking. In turn the number of surviving Golden Age paintings was reduced by them being overpainted with new works by artists throughout the 18th and 19th century – poor ones were usually cheaper than a new canvas, stretcher and frame. There was very little Dutch sculpture during the period; it is mostly found in tomb monuments and attached to public buildings, and small sculptures for houses are a noticeable gap, their place taken by silverware and ceramics. Painted delftware tiles were very cheap and common, if rarely of really high quality, but silver, especially in the auricular style, led Europe. With this exception, the best artistic efforts were concentrated on painting and printmaking.


title: Starving Time

paragraphs: The Starving Time at Jamestown in Virginia Colony was a period of starvation during the winter of 1609–1610. During this time, all but 60 of the 500 colonists died. Lack of rain and access to water had crippled the agricultural production during the summer. Also, the water that the colonists drank was brackish and only drinkable half the year.

paragraphs: According to historical accounts, the colonists ate dogs, snakes, cats, rats, horses, books and shoe leather through the winter. There is forensic evidence of at least one instance of cannibalism. The remains of a teenage girl ( 1595–1609), named "Jane" by researchers, showed signs of being butchered (cut up for eating). Examination of Jane's shin bone indicates she was probably 14 years old at the time of her death. Based on studies of the isotopes in a tooth, she was probably from southern England. She was possibly the daughter of a gentleman or a maid in a gentleman's home because she had consumed generous amounts of protein (meat). Jane likely arrived in Virginia in August 1609.

paragraphs: It is almost certain Jane was removed from her grave before being butchered and eaten. She was not murdered. In 1625, George Percy, president of Jamestown during the starvation period, wrote that the hunger was so intense “thatt notheinge was Spared to mainteyne Lyfe and to doe those things which seame incredible, as to digge upp deade corpes outt of graves and to eate them." Five other accounts refer to cannibalism during the bitter winter.

paragraphs: Only 10 percent of Jane's remains have been recovered by researchers. The remains were found about 2.5 feet (0.8 m) down in a trash pit in the cellar of a building built in 1608 inside the James Fort site. Historical accounts indicate cannibalism was widespread at Jamestown during the winter. Modern historians were reluctant to credit these accounts without other evidence. Jane however is the first forensic evidence that confirms the existence of the practice during that winter.


title: Robert Sacre

paragraphs: Robert Sacre (born June 6, 1989) is an American-Canadian basketball player. He is a center for the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association (NBA).

paragraphs: Sacre played college basketball for Gonzaga University from 2007 to 2012.

paragraphs: He was drafted by the Los Angeles Lakers in the 2nd round with the 60th overall pick in the 2012 NBA Draft.

paragraphs: He made his NBA debut with Lakers on October 31, 2012. He played 49 seconds in a 116-106 loss against the Portland Trail Blazers. He scored his first points for the Lakers on November 4, 2012 in a win against the Detroit Pistons. He made his first NBA start on January 8, 2013 in a loss against the Houston Rockets.

paragraphs: He was born in Baton Rouge, Louisiana but grew up and played high school basketball in North Vancouver, British Columbia. His father is Greg LaFleur, a former American football tight end that played for the St. Louis Cardinals and the Indianapolis Colts.


title: Armin Meiwes

paragraphs: Armin Meiwes (born 1 December 1961) is a German man who is known for an act of cannibalism.

paragraphs: In March 2001, Meiwes, a then 41-year-old bisexual computer technician, placed an advertisement online for a well-built male he could kill and eat. Forty-three year old Bernd-Jurgen Brandes answered the ad later that month. Meiwes took Brandes to his home in Rotenberg. Brandes had sex with Meiwes, then asked Meiwes to cut off his penis. Meiwes did so, then fried the penis. The two ate it. Meiwes then killed Brandes with Brandes's consent by stabbing him repeatedly in the neck. He cut the body in pieces and froze the pieces for later consumption. Meiwes was arrested in December 2002. He had consumed about 20 kg of Brandes' body. Cannibalism was not illegal in Germany in 2001 when Meiwes killed and ate Brandes. Meiwes was convicted of killing by request and defiling a corpse. He received a sentence of 8.5 years. The Meiwes case was the first cannibalism case in Germany.

paragraphs: In May 2006, a court sentenced Meiwes to life in prison after a retrial.


title: Anke Engelke

paragraphs: Anke Christina Fischer (née Engelke; born 21 December 1965 in Montréal) is a German comedian, actress and voice-over actress.

paragraphs: Engelke moved to Cologne in 1971 with her parents. Early on, she exhibited singing talent, and was discovered in 1978 by Georg Bossert at a performance of her school's choir.

paragraphs: In May 2011, she hosted the Eurovision Song Contest 2011 in Düsseldorf alongside Stefan Raab and Judith Rakers.

paragraphs: The following year, Engelke served as the spokesperson for Germany at the Eurovision Song Contest 2012 held in Baku, Azerbaijan. Before presenting the votes, she also gave a live statement on the human-rights issues in the hosting country, saying: "Tonight nobody could vote for their own country. But it is good to be able to vote. And it is good to have a choice. Good luck on your journey, Azerbaijan. Europe is watching you." She was the only spokesperson to articulately address human rights during the event. She had also served as one of Germany's national juries for the contest during that year.

paragraphs: In February 2013, her involvement with the Eurovision Song Contest continued as she hosted "Unser Song für Malmö", the German national final.

paragraphs: This article is based on the in the German Wikipedia (retrieved February 3, 2004).


title: Nadia Hasnaoui

paragraphs: Nadia Hasnaoui (; born 10 June 1963) is a Norwegian television presenter.

paragraphs: Hasnaoui was born in Morocco to a Norwegian mother and Moroccan father. Her maternal grandfather was Nobel Prize winning economist Ragnar Frisch. When she was four years old her parents divorced and she moved to Norway with her mother. In Oslo she attended a strict Catholic French kindergarten and then later a French school until fourth grade. She became a Norwegian citizen at the age of eighteen. In 1991 she married actor Kim Haugen.

paragraphs: Hasnaoui first became associated with Eurovision in 1992, when she provided the NRK radio commentary for the 1992 Contest.

paragraphs: In 2004, Hasnaoui presented the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2004 in Lillehammer, Norway. Hasnaoui has also presented festivals in Norway such as Melodi Grand Prix Junior.

paragraphs: In 2005 Hasnaoui provided Norwegian commentary on the Fiftieth Anniversary Special alongside former veteran Jahn Teigen.

paragraphs: Hasnaoui presented the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 in Bærum in May 2010 with Haddy Jatou N'jie and Erik Solbakken. She also read out the Norwegian votes for the 2011 and 2012 contests.


title: Parker, Colorado

paragraphs: Parker is a town in Douglas County, Colorado.


title: Krumovgrad

paragraphs: Krumovgrad is a town in Bulgaria. It is near the Greek border. There are many Turks in Krumovgrad.


title: Richard LeParmentier

paragraphs: Richard LeParmentier (July 16, 1946 – April 15, 2013) was an American-British actor and scriptwriter who is best known for his role as Admiral Motti in "" (1977) and as police officer Lt. Santino in "Who Framed Roger Rabbit" (1988).

paragraphs: LeParmentier was born on July 16, 1946 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania to British-Irish parents. He studied at Wayne University.

paragraphs: LeParmentier was married to Sarah Douglas from 1981 until they divorced in 1984. LeParmentier died on April 15, 2013 from a heart attack in Austin, Texas, aged 66.


title: Human Nature (Michael Jackson song)

paragraphs: "Human Nature" is a song by the American singer-songwriter Michael Jackson. It was written by Steve Porcaro and John Bettis. It was the fifth song from his sixth solo record "Thriller". "Human Nature" was released on July 3, 1983. It was a moderate hit in America and other countries. This song has been covered, performed and sampled by other musicians.


title: Monty Woolley

paragraphs: Monty Woolley (Edgar Montillion Woolley; August 17, 1888 – May 6, 1963) was an American actor and entertainer. At the age of 50, he became famous for his best-known role in the stage play and 1942 movie "The Man Who Came to Dinner". His well-known white beard was "his trademark" and he was later known as "The Beard."

paragraphs: Woolley was born on August 17, 1888 in New York City, New York. He studied at Yale University and at Harvard University. Woolley was a closeted gay man. Woolley died on May 6, 1963 from a heart attack and from complications of kidney failure in Albany, New York, aged 75. He is buried at the Greenridge Cemetery in Saratoga Springs, New York.


title: Funny Face

paragraphs: Funny Face is a 1957 American romantic comedy musical movie starring Audrey Hepburn, Fred Astaire and Robert Flemyng. Hepburn plays Jo Stockton, a shy bookshop clerk. The movie is based on a Broadway musical of the same name.


title: Bullseye (sports)

paragraphs: A bullseye is the centre of a target in certain sports. It is also the name given to any shot that hits the bullseye. Sports that use targets with bullseyes include archery and shooting.


title: Eublepharinae

paragraphs: The Eublepharinae are one of the five subfamilies of the Gekkonidae, or geckos. The Eublepharinae subfamily has 27 species in five genera. Also called eyelid geckos, the eublepharines have more simple features than other geckos. For example, they don't have the ability to climb surfaces. Unlike other geckos, they also have movable eyelids. They are generally active at night or at twilight. These lizards often eat insects and similar creatures. They lay a pair of leathery eggs, and, in most species, the gender of the young is determined by the temperature of the egg; just like crocodiles.

paragraphs: The subfamily contains the following genera:


title: Brunhilde

paragraphs: Brunhilde was a mighty female warrior, one of the Valkyries. She was also a heroine from the German epics, especially in the Nibelungen saga, in which she is an Icelandic princess.

paragraphs: She defied Odin and in punishment he imprisoned her within a ring of fire on earth. She had to stay there until someone rescued her. Siegfied (Sigurd) braved the fire, woke her, and fell in love with her.

paragraphs: He gave her the ring Andvarinaut, unaware of its curse. Eventually she killed herself when she learned that Sigurd had betrayed her with another woman (Gudrun), not knowing he had been bewitched into doing so by Grimhild.


title: 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens

paragraphs: On May 18, 1980, a major volcanic eruption occurred from Mount St. Helens, a volcano in Washington, in the United States. The eruption was recorded as a 5 on the Volcanic Explosivity Index. Throughout the two months before the eruption, there was a series of earthquakes and steam was vented from the mouth of the volcano. A total of 57 people died in the eruption. Including Harry R. Truman, who ran Spirit Lake, and volcano expert David A. Johnston.


title: Property management

paragraphs: Property management is the process of managing and taking care of property. Property management can be applied to personal, business and public properties. Property management is used in various situations, like building a home, where property manager looks over the process of construction, management of resources and security. The process of property management can be carried using both people (onsite management, security) and machines (cameras, detectors and alarms). An example of property management will be hiring security company. They might be allowed to enter property and check for any issues while the owners are not present. In business, property management is extremely important to achieve safety and improve work environment of employees.


title: Shontelle

paragraphs: Shontelle Layne (born October 4, 1985), or just Shontelle, is a Barbadian singer-songwriter. She mainly performs R&B, pop and reggae music. She released her debut album "Shontelligence" in 2008 and her second album "No Gravity" in September 2010. Some if her recent songs achieved only modest success. She co-wrote "Man Down" by R&B singer Rihanna in 2010.


title: Chewing

paragraphs: Chewing, or mastication, is the first part of the digestive system. It is when the teeth chew the food and the tongue mixes it with saliva to make it mushy in the mouth. A group of animals, called the ruminants, masticate more than once. Most cattle are in this group.


title: Tiny Wings

paragraphs: Tiny Wings is an iOS game developed by German game developer Andreas Illiger, released on February 18, 2011.

paragraphs: In "Tiny Wings", the player takes control of a bird whose wings are too small to fly. The goal of the game is to use hills in order to gain speed as long as possible. This is done by tapping and holding the screen in order to make the bird dive. The game play mainly revolves around timing your taps so that the bird goes down hills and flies up them. The game's day trip version is separated into several islands, which have different layouts and change every 24 hours. The game features special goals that allow players to upgrade their nest, which adds a score multiplier usually X2. These challenges go around reaching specific islands or performing certain tricks a number of times in one game. The game's visuals change daily along with the islands' layouts.

paragraphs: Flight School, a new mode that came out in version 2.0, is similar to normal gameplay, but it instead features a race between 4 young birds (which are siblings). The player can choose to control one of the birds while the rest of the birds are controlled by the CPU. The birds are listed here with their colors and are ranked according to their typical finishing positions The player can also change the birds' names.

paragraphs: The goal in flight school is to reach mama bird first.

paragraphs: If you are faster than the other birds you'll get the fattest fish. To unlock the next island players must finish in 3rd, 2nd, or 1st place.

paragraphs: In 3rd place you'll get a small Blue fish, in 2nd place a medium-sized Cyan fish, and in 1st place you'll get the fattest Yellow fish. When a set of islands is completed by a bird, its nest is upgraded. This mode includes 2 new features: rubber flowers birds can bounce on, and water holes that slow down the birds.

paragraphs: The mama bird is dark green and is from the day trip mode.

paragraphs: Not all levels are in daytime levels. Levels 1-3 2-3 3-4 are all nighttime levels. They have a different song then the daytime levels.

paragraphs: Tiny Wings was first released with one mode (called Day Trip after version 2). Version 2 was released as an update in July 12, 2012, and added a new mode, Flight School with of a race between 4 birds, one of which is used by the player. The levels in Flight School are divided into islands, with 5 tracks in each. There are 3 island tracks. They are Clown islands, Koi islands, and Orga islands. Also there will be more island tracks coming soon as updates. Flight School includes 2 new features on the islands. The July 2012 update also gives the ability to gift app.

paragraphs: The HD version (released at the same time as version 2) includes Hill Party as the 3rd chapter.