title: René Magritte

paragraphs: René François Ghislain Magritte (21 November 1898 – 15 August 1967) was a Belgian surrealist artist. He was well known for a number of witty and thought-provoking images.

paragraphs: Magritte was born in Lessines, in the province of Hainaut. Little is known about Magritte's early life. He began lessons in drawing in 1910. On 12 March 1912, his mother committed suicide by drowning herself in the River Sambre.

paragraphs: Magritte's earliest paintings, which date from about 1915, were Impressionistic in style. From 1916 to 1918, he studied at the Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts in Brussels. He studied under Constant Montald. The paintings he made in the years 1918–1924 were influenced by Futurism and by the offshoot of Cubism practiced by Metzinger. Most of his works of this period are female nudes.

paragraphs: In 1922, Magritte married Georgette Berger From December 1920 until September 1921, Magritte was in the Belgian army Leopoldsburg. In 1922–1923, he worked as a draughtsman in a wallpaper factory. He was a poster and advertisement designer until 1926. In 1926, Magritte made his first surreal painting, "The Lost Jockey" ("Le jockey perdu"). His first exhibition was in Brussels in 1927. Critics did not like his paintings.

paragraphs: In 1927 he moved to Paris where he became friends with André Breton. He returned to Brussels in 1930 and resumed working in advertising. He and his brother, Paul, formed an agency which earned him a living wage.

paragraphs: Surrealist patron Edward James let Magritte stay rent free in his London home and paint.

paragraphs: During the German occupation of Belgium in World War II he stayed in Brussels. During 1947–48 he painted in a provocative and crude Fauve style. During this time, Magritte supported himself through making fake Picassos, Braques and Chiricos. Later he printed forged banknotes. At the end of 1948, he returned to the style and themes of his prewar surrealistic art.

paragraphs: His work was exhibited in the United States in New York in 1936. It was shown again at the Museum of Modern Art in 1965, and at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in 1992.

paragraphs: Magritte died of pancreatic cancer in Brussels on 15 August 1967.

paragraphs: The Magritte Museum opened to the public on 30 May 2009 in Brussels. It is in the five-level neo-classical Hotel Altenloh. The museum shows about 200 original Magritte paintings, drawings and sculptures. The museum also includes Magritte’s experiments with photography from 1920 on and the short surrealist movies he made from 1956 on.


title: Luc Tuymans

paragraphs: Luc Tuymans (born 1958) is an artist who lives and works in Antwerp, Belgium. Tuymans is said to be one of the most influential painters working today.

paragraphs: Tuymans was born in Mortsel, Belgium. He began his studies at the Sint-Lukasinstituut in Brussels in 1976. He then studied at the École Nationale Supérieure des Arts Visuels de la Cambre in Brussels, Belgium (1979–1980) and at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Antwerp, Belgium (1980–1982). He stopped painting in 1982 and began studying art history at the Vrije Universiteit, Brussels (1982–6). The Belgian government gave him the title of Commander, Order of Leopold in 2007. He is married to Venezuelan artist Carla Arocha.

paragraphs: Tuymans represented Belgium at the Venice Biennale in 2001. He has been the focus of several retrospectives at various international institutions, including the Műcsarnok Kunsthalle in Budapest, Hungary; Haus der Kunst in Munich, Germany; the Zachęta National Gallery of Art in Warsaw, Poland; the Tate Modern, London, England (2004); Museu Serralves, Porto, Portugal; Musée d'Art Moderne et Contemporain (MAMCO), Geneva, Switzerland (both 2006); and, most recently (2011) the BOZAR Centre for Fine Arts in Brussels, Belgium. The artist’s first U.S. retrospective opened in September 2009 at the Wexner Center for the Arts in Columbus, Ohio, and travelled to the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, the Dallas Museum of Art and the Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago.

paragraphs: Work by the artist is in the public collections of various museums, including the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, New York; Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; The Museum of Modern Art, New York, New York; San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, San Francisco, California; Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, California; Museum van Hedendaagse Kunst, Antwerp, Belgium; Stedelijk Museum voor Actuele Kunst, Ghent, Belgium; Bonnefanten Museum, Maastricht; Centre Pompidou, Paris; Kunstmuseum Wolfsburg, Wolfsburg; Museum fuer Moderne Kunst, Frankfurt; Pinakothek der Moderne, Munich; and the Tate Gallery, London.

paragraphs: In 2005, "Sculpture" (2000), part of Tuymans' "Mwana Kitoko: Beautiful White Man" series, was sold at Christie's New York, for $1,472,000.


title: Victor Horta

paragraphs: Victor, Baron Horta (6 January 1861 - 8 September 1947) was a Belgian architect and designer. John Julius Norwich said he was "undoubtedly the key European Art Nouveau architect." Horta is one of the most important names in Art Nouveau architecture. Some people say his Hôtel Tassel in Brussels was the first time the style was used on architecture.

paragraphs: In 1932 King Albert I of Belgium gave Horta the title of Baron for his services to architecture. Four of the buildings he designed are UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

paragraphs: Horta had a great interest in music since childhood. In 1873 he went to study musical theory at the Ghent Conservatory. He was removed for bad behaviour. He then joined the Department of Architecture at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Ghent instead. In 1878 Horta left for Paris. He found work with architect and designer Jules Debuysson in Montmartre. There he was inspired by the impressionist and pointillist artists, and also by the possibilities of working in iron and glass.

paragraphs: When Horta's father died in 1880, he returned to Belgium and moved to Brussels. He married his first wife. He studied architecture at the Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts. In Brussels Horta made a friendship with Paul Hankar. He became an assistant for his professor Alphonse Balat, architect to Leopold II of Belgium. Together they designed the royal Greenhouses of Laeken, Horta's first work to use glass and iron.

paragraphs: In 1884 Horta won the first Prix Godecharle to be awarded for Architecture.

paragraphs: By 1885 Horta worked on his own. He was commissioned to design three houses. The same year he also joined the Central Society of Belgian Architecture. Over the next few years he was in a number of competitions for public work. He worked with sculptors (notably his friend Godefroid Devresse) on statuary and even tombs. He won a number of prizes. He thought the forms he made were highly practical and not artistic.

paragraphs: During this period, Horta joined the freemasons. This gave him many clients when he returned to designing houses and shops in 1893.

paragraphs: Horta was appointed Head of Graphic Design for Architecture at the Université Libre de Bruxelles in 1892. He became Professor of Architecture in 1893. He worked there until 1911.

paragraphs: Many of Horta's buildings were destroyed. However, several of Horta’s buildings are still standing in Brussels. Most notable are the "Magasins Waucquez", formerly a department store, now the Brussels Comic Book Museum and four of his private houses ("hôtels"), which are UNESCO World Heritage Sites:


title: Henry van de Velde

paragraphs: Henry Clemens Van de Velde (3 April 1863, Antwerp – 15 October 1957, Zürich) was a Belgian painter, architect and interior designer. Together with Victor Horta and Paul Hankar he is one of the main founders of Art Nouveau in Belgium. Van de Velde spent the most important part of his career in Germany.

paragraphs: Van de Velde studied painting in Antwerp, under Charles Verlat and in Paris under Carolus-Duran. As a young painter he was influenced by Paul Signac and Georges Seurat. He used a neo-impressionist style. In 1889 he became a member of the Brussels-based artist group "Les XX". During this period he made a lasting friendship with the painter Théo van Rysselberghe and the sculptor Constantin Meunier.

paragraphs: In 1892 he stopped painting. Instead he worked on the arts of decoration and interior design. His own house, "Bloemenwerf" in Ukkel, was his first try at architecture. He also made interiors and furniture for the art gallery "L'Art Nouveau" of Samuel Bing in Paris in 1895. This gave the movement its first name as Art Nouveau.

paragraphs: Around the turn of the century, he designed Villa Leuring in the Netherlands, and Villa Esche in Chemnitz, two works that show his Art Nouveau style in architecture. He also designed the interior of the Folkwang Museum in Hagen. In 1905 he was asked by the Grand Duke of Weimar to make the Grand-Ducal School of Arts and Crafts in Weimar.

paragraphs: Although a Belgian, Van de Velde would play an important role in the German Werkbund. This group was made to help improve and promote German design by making close relations between industry and designers. He went against Hermann Muthesius at the Werkbund meeting of 1914. Their debate marked the history of Modern Architecture. Van de Velde wanted individuality of artists while Hermann Muthesius wanted standardization.

paragraphs: During World War I, Van de Velde, as a foreign national, was made to leave Weimar. During this period, he mentored the great Belgian architect, Victor Bourgeois.

paragraphs: During World War I, he lived in Switzerland and in the Netherlands. He designed the Kröller-Müller Museum in Otterlo. From 1926 to 1936, Van de Velde was professor at Ghent University.


title: Super Bowl XX

paragraphs: Super Bowl XX was the 20th Super Bowl played. The game was played at the Louisiana Superdome on January 26, 1986. The game was between the 15-1 Chicago Bears of the NFC and the 11-5 New England Patriots of the AFC. The game's national anthem was performed by Wynton Marsalis and the halftime show was played by Up With People. The Bears won their first Super Bowl 46-10, but did not go to the White House because of the Space Shuttle Challenger explosion. In 2010, the Bears did go to the White House, even though Walter Payton and Dave Duerson did not attend due to their deaths.

paragraphs: The game started badly for the Bears when Walter Payton fumbled the ball and New England got the ball. Kicker Tony Franklin then scored first for the Patriots. Later, the Bears scored when Kevin Butler kicked 2 field goals, and then Matt Suhey scored. In the 2nd quarter, Jim McMahon scored a touchdown, and then Butler kicked another field goal. The Bears then scored 3 touchdowns in the third quarter, and New England would finally score a touchdown in the fourth quarter, but Patriots quarterback Steve Grogan was sacked in the end zone for 2 points.

paragraphs: The Super Bowl MVP of the game was Bears defensive end Richard Dent, who had 1½ sacks—part of the Bears scoring a Super Bowl-high 7 sacks—and 2 forced fumbles.


title: Nippon Maru

paragraphs: "Nippon Maru" was built in Kobe in 1930. It was a training ship for the cadets of the Japanese merchant marine.


title: Henri Vieuxtemps

paragraphs: Henri François Joseph Vieuxtemps (17 February 1820 - 6 June 1881) was a Belgian composer and violinist.

paragraphs: Vieuxtemps was born in Verviers, Belgium. He received his first violin instruction from his father and a local teacher. He gave his first public performance at the age of six, playing a concerto by Pierre Rode. Soon he was giving concerts in surrounding cities, including Liège and Brussels. He met the violinist Charles Auguste de Bériot in Brussels. He then began to study with Bériot. In 1829, Bériot took him to Paris. He had to return to Belgium the next year because of the July Revolution and Bériot's marriage to his mistress Maria Malibran. Back in Brussels, Vieuxtemps developed his violin technique on his own. He began playing with Pauline Viardot. A tour of Germany in 1833 brought friendship with Louis Spohr and with Robert Schumann. During the following decade he visited various European cities. He impressed audiences and famous musicians such as Hector Berlioz and Paganini.

paragraphs: Vieuxtemps wanted to become a composer as well. He took lessons with the respected Simon Sechter in Vienna and spent the winter of 1835–1836 studying composition with Anton Reicha in Paris. His first violin concerto, later published as Concerto No. 2, dates from this time.

paragraphs: Vieuxtemps continued to compose with great success and perform throughout Europe. He played with the pianist Sigismond Thalberg in the United States. He was particularly admired in Russia. He lived there between 1846 and 1851 as a court musician of Tsar Nicholas I and soloist in the Imperial Theatre. He founded the violin school of the Saint Petersburg Conservatory. In 1871, he returned to Belgium to be a Professor at the Brussels Conservatory.

paragraphs: A paralytic stroke disabled his right arm two years later. He moved to Paris again. Although he seemed to be slowly recovering from his stroke, another one in 1879 ended his career as a violinist for good. He spent his last years in a sanatorium in Mustapha Supérieur, Algeria. He continued to compose.


title: Eugène Ysaÿe

paragraphs: Eugène Ysaÿe (16 July 1858 – 12 May 1931) was a Belgian violinist, composer and conductor. He was born in Liège. He was called "The King of the Violin", or, as Nathan Milstein put it, the "tzar". His brother was pianist and composer Théo Ysaÿe.

paragraphs: Ysaÿe began violin lessons at age five with his father. At seven he entered the Conservatoire at Liège studying with Désiré Heynberg. When he was twelve, Henri Vieuxtemps took an interest in his talent. He arranged for Ysaÿe to study with Henryk Wieniawski.

paragraphs: After his graduation from the Royal Conservatory of Liège, Ysaÿe was the principal violin of the Benjamin Bilse beer-hall orchestra. This orchestra later became the Berlin Philharmonic. Many musicians of note and influence came regularly to hear this orchestra and Ysaÿe in particular. Some of these musicians were Joseph Joachim, Franz Liszt, Clara Schumann, and Anton Rubinstein. Rubinstein asked for Ysaÿe to be released from his contract to go with him on tour.

paragraphs: When Ysaÿe was twenty-seven years old, he was recommended as a soloist for one of the Concerts Colonne in Paris. This was the start of his great success as a concert artist. The next year, Ysaÿe received a professorship at the Brussels Conservatoire. During his time as professor at the Conservatoire, Ysaÿe continued to tour the world. This included all of Europe, Russia, and the United States.

paragraphs: He had physical problems that affected his hands. As these grew worse, Ysaÿe turned more to teaching, conducting and an early love, composition. In 1918, he accepted the music director's position with the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra. He stayed until 1922.

paragraphs: In 1931, suffering from diabetes, Eugène Ysaÿe died in his house in Brussels.

paragraphs: Ysaÿe was married twice. His first marrriage, on 29 September 1886, was to Louise Bourdeau de Coutrai. They had three sons.

paragraphs: After Louise's death in 1924 he married a pupil of his, Jeanette Dincin. She was 44 years younger than him. Ysaÿe met her in 1922 while conductor of the Cincinnati Orchestra. She cared for him in his ailing years.

paragraphs: Eugène Ysaÿe was close friends with Queen Elisabeth of Belgium. He taught her the violin. His widow took over the royal teaching after his death. The queen began a competition in his honor.

paragraphs: Ysaÿe was also a friend of Claude Debussy. They would trade letters.


title: Arthur Grumiaux

paragraphs: Arthur Grumiaux (21 March 1921–16 October 1986) was a Belgian violinist and pianist.

paragraphs: Grumiaux was born in Villers-Perwin, Belgium. His grandfather urged him to begin music studies at the age of only 4. He trained on violin and piano with the Fernand Quintet at the Charleroi Conservatory. He took first prize at the age of 11. He received his first few major awards before reaching the age of 20. He took the Henry Vieuxtemps and François Prume prizes in 1939, and the Prix de Virtuosité from the Belgian government in 1940. During this time he also studied composition privately in Paris with the famous Romanian violinist George Enescu.

paragraphs: His debut was made in Belgium with the Brussels Philharmonic Orchestra. Then in Britain with the BBC Symphony Orchestra in 1945. Following his British debut, he was made professor of violin at the Royal Conservatory, where he had once studied. His playing often brought comparisons to another great Belgian violinist Eugène Ysaÿe and also to Pablo de Sarasate of Spain.

paragraphs: One of his greatest joys in life was his partnership with the pianist Clara Haskil, the Romanian-born Swiss classical pianist. Sometimes the two would switch instruments for a different perspective and relationship. Grumiaux was left with a professional and personal loss when she died from a fall at a train station, on the way to a concert with him.

paragraphs: In 1973 he was knighted baron by King Baudouin for his services to music.

paragraphs: Despite a having diabetes, Grumiaux continued a schedule of recording and concert performances, mostly in Western Europe. He died of a sudden stroke in Brussels in 1986 at the age of 65.


title: Toots Thielemans

paragraphs: Jean-Baptiste Frédéric Isidor, Baron Thielemans (29 April 1922 – 22 August 2016), known as Toots Thielemans, was a Belgian jazz musician. He is well known for his guitar and harmonica playing as well as his whistling. Thielemans is one of the greatest harmonica players of the 20th century.

paragraphs: He worked as a bandleader, as a sideman, and has been on dozens of movie soundtracks. In 2009 he became NEA Jazz Master, the highest honour for a jazz musician in the United States.

paragraphs: He is perhaps best-known to the American public for whistling the melody in commercials for Old Spice cologne.

paragraphs: Thielemans started his career as a guitar player. In 1949 he joined a jam session in Paris with Sidney Bechet, Charlie Parker, Miles Davis, Max Roach and others. In 1949 and 1950 he was in European tours with Benny Goodman. He made his first record in Paris with fellow band member, tenor saxophonist Zoot Sims. In 1951 he became a band member of the Bobbejaan Schoepen.

paragraphs: He moved to the US in 1952. He was a member of Charlie Parker's All-Stars and worked with Miles Davis and Dinah Washington. He played and recorded with Ella Fitzgerald, Jaco Pastorius, Peggy Lee, The George Shearing Quintet, Quincy Jones, Oscar Peterson, Bill Evans, Paul Simon, Billy Joel, The Happenings, Astrud Gilberto, Shirley Horn, Elis Regina and others.

paragraphs: A jazz standard by Toots Thielemans is "Bluesette" where he used whistling and guitar in unison. First recorded by Toots in 1962, with words added by Norman Gimbel the song became a major worldwide hit. His harmonica playing can also be heard in movies such as "Midnight Cowboy", "Jean de Florette", "Sugarland Express", "The Yakuza", "Turkish Delight", "The Getaway", "French Kiss", "Dunderklumpen". His music was also in TV programs, including "Sesame Street", the Belgian TV series "Witse", and the Dutch TV series "Baantjer". He made the music for the 1974 Swedish movie "Dunderklumpen!". He also voiced the animated character Pellegnillot.

paragraphs: His whistling and harmonica playing can be heard on Old Spice radio and TV commercials that have been made over the years. During the 1980s he performed with bassist and composer/bandleader Jaco Pastorius. In 1983 he was on Billy Joel's album "An Innocent Man", and his trademark harmonica can be heard on "Leave a Tender Moment Alone." A year later, he appeared on the Julian Lennon song "Too Late For Goodbyes" from the album "Valotte". In 1984, he recorded the final album of Billy Eckstine (I Am A Singer). In 1998 he released a French style album titled "Chez Toots". It included "Les Moulins De Mon Coeur (The Mills of my Heart)" featuring guest singer Johnny Mathis.

paragraphs: Apart from his popularity as a musician, he was well liked for his modesty and kind demeanor. In 2001 Thielemans was ennobled a baron by King Albert II of Belgium.


title: Jacques Brel

paragraphs: Jacques Brel (8 April 1929 – 9 October 1978) was a Belgian singer-songwriter. He was widely said to be a master of the modern chanson. Although he recorded most of his songs in French, he became a major influence on English-speaking songwriters and performers. Some of these were David Bowie, Leonard Cohen, and Rod McKuen. English translations of his songs were recorded by many top performers in the United States. These include Ray Charles, Judy Collins, John Denver, the Kingston Trio, Nina Simone, Frank Sinatra, Scott Walker, and Andy Williams. In French-speaking countries, Brel was also a successful actor, appearing in ten movies. He also directed two movies. "Le Far West" was nominated for the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival in 1973. Brel died of lung cancer. He has sold over 25 million records worldwide. He is the third best-selling Belgian recording artist of all time.


title: Bank vole

paragraphs: The Bank vole ("Myodes glareolus") is a small, type of vole with red-brown fur with some grey patches, its body is around 100 millimeters (3.9 in) long in length and the tail is around 50 millimeters long. They weigh around 20 to 35 grams, they have blunt noses and have small eyes and ears.

paragraphs: The Bank vole lives in woodlands, oak woods, farmlands, hedgerows, and grasslands in Europe (except for the north and south) and east, north, and central Asia.

paragraphs: The Bank Vole is active during both, day and night, but they rest a lot to stop themselves from getting tired. They make their nests under logs, in tree holes, or sometimes underground. In the autumn they store food for the winter.

paragraphs: Bank voles are omnivorous, meaning that they eat other animals and plants. They eat insects, snails, grass, seeds, fungi, leaves and fruit, like raspberry and hazelnut. They have also been known to eat the bodies of dead animals.

paragraphs: Baby Bank voles are born in nests made of grass, moss and feathers. The nests are built above ground, usually in trees. When the babies are born they have no fur and are blind. They live on their mothers milk for the first few weeks of their life. A mother Bank vole has an average of six babies at a time, and can have five litters in a season. A baby Bank vole born in spring will be old enough to breed by the time fall comes. A Bank vole lives for an average of 18 to 20 months.

paragraphs: Some predators of the Bank vole are the Barn owls, the Tawny owls, the fox, the weasel, and the stoat.


title: Dead Man

paragraphs: Dead Man is an American western movie from 1995. Billy Bob Thornton and Johnny Depp are the main stars. It got mixed reviews from many critics. It was by Miramax.


title: Telex (band)

paragraphs: The Belgian synthpop group Telex was formed in 1978 by Marc Moulin, Dan Lacksman, and Michel Moers. They mixed disco, punk and experimental electronic music.

paragraphs: Like Kraftwerk, Telex built its music entirely from electronic instruments.

paragraphs: In 1980 Telex's manager asked the group to enter the Eurovision Song Contest. The group entered and were sent to the finals. The group's song "Euro-Vision" was a cheerful bleepy song with deliberately banal lyrics about the contest itself. The Eurovision audience seemed unsure how to react to the performance. After the band stopped playing, there was mostly stunned silence. Michel Moers took a photograph of the bewildered audience. The band walked off to sounds of muttering. When vote-counting began, and Greece awarded Belgium three points. The announcer thought she misheard and tried to award the points to the Netherlands.

paragraphs: For its third album, Telex got the help of US group Sparks to help write the lyrics. However, the band still would not play live. This is common practice for techno music artists, but unusual in 1981. The fourth Telex album, "Wonderful World", was barely distributed.

paragraphs: In 1986, Atlantic Records signed Telex. At this time the band was using sampling and a more up-tempo humorous style.

paragraphs: In 1989, Telex revisited all of its old tracks and remixed them to be like house music.

paragraphs: After almost two decades of silence, Telex made a comeback in March 2006 with "How Do You Dance" on EMI Records. It had five original songs as well as five covers.


title: Huyi District

paragraphs: Huyi District (, pinyin:HùYì Qū) is a District of Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. Qinling Mountain is to the south. Wei River is to the north. Chang'an District is to the east. Zhouzhi County is to the west. It covers . As of November 2010, 556,377 people lived there.

paragraphs: In Xia Dynasty (2100 BC - 1600 BC), here named Hushi Country (扈氏国), meaning "Hu family's country", it's the origin of Hu County. After changed some names, it named Hu Country (扈国). And in Qin Dynasty (221 BC -206 BC), "扈" changed to "鄠" in Chinese language, and then country changed to county. In 1964, "鄠" changed to "户".Chinese government changed its name from "Hu County(户县)" to "Huyi District(鄠邑区)"On Nov. 24,2016.

paragraphs: Railway:Xi'an–Chengdu high-speed railway,Xi'an-Yuxia Railway.

paragraphs: Railway Station:Huyi Railway Station,Yuxia Railway Station.


title: Reagill

paragraphs: Reagill is a hamlet in Crosby Ravensworth, Eden, Cumbria, England. It has four listed buildings, including Garden Structure 50 Metres South of Yew Tree Farmhouse, Garden Structure South East of Yew Tree Farmhouse, Reagill Grange and Village Hall.


title: Newbiggin

paragraphs: Newbiggin is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 96 people living in Newbiggin.


title: Drakestone Green

paragraphs: Drakestone Green is a hamlet in Semer, Babergh, Suffolk, England.


title: Stone Street

paragraphs: Stone Street is a hamlet in Boxford, Babergh, Suffolk, England.


title: Cornard Tye

paragraphs: Cornard Tye is a hamlet in Great Cornard, Babergh, Suffolk, England.


title: Chelsworth Common

paragraphs: Chelsworth Common is a hamlet in Chelsworth, Babergh, Suffolk, England. It has two listed buildings, including Lower Common Farmhouse and Upper Common Cottages.


title: Hagmore Green

paragraphs: Hagmore Green is a hamlet in Boxford, Babergh, Suffolk, England.


title: Hartest

paragraphs: Hartest is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 427 people living in Hartest.


title: Holbrook, Suffolk

paragraphs: Holbrook is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 2317 people living in Holbrook.


title: Lawshall

paragraphs: Lawshall is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 935 people living in Lawshall. It has a church called All Saints.


title: Dorking Tye

paragraphs: Dorking Tye is a hamlet in Assington, Babergh, Suffolk, England.


title: Hoff

paragraphs: Hoff is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 189 people living in Hoff.


title: Pope Gregory XVI

paragraphs: Pope Gregory XVI (, ; 18 September 1765 – 1 June 1846), born Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari, was an Italian cleric of the Roman Catholic Church and the 255th Pope from 1831 to 1846.

paragraphs: Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari was born in 1765 in Belluno, which was part of then in the Republic of Venice.

paragraphs: He became a monk in 1783; and he took the name Mauro. Dom Mauro became a priest in 1787.

paragraphs: Pope Pius VII confirmed his election as Abbot Vicar of the San Gregorio Monastery in 1805.

paragraphs: In 1825, Leo XII made Dom Mauro a cardinal.

paragraphs: In 1831, Cardinal Capillaria was elected Pope; and he chose to be called Gregory Gregory.

paragraphs: He use Austrian troops to stop a revolution in the Papal States.


title: Orton

paragraphs: Orton is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 594 people living in Orton.


title: Eamont Bridge

paragraphs: Eamont Bridge is a village in Cumbria, England. It is on the A6 highway, one mile south of the town of Penrith.


title: Great Asby

paragraphs: Great Asby is a village in Cumbria, England. It has a church called St Peter's Church.


title: Great Ormside

paragraphs: Great Ormside is a village in Cumbria, England. It has a church called St James' Church.


title: Texas coral snake

paragraphs: The Texas coral snake (Micrurus tener) is a species of venomous snake. All coral snakes are shy, secretive animals, and are nocturnal. They spend most of their time hiding in leaf litter, under logs, or in burrows in the ground.

paragraphs: The Texas coral snake has a pattern of black,yellow, and red stripes on its skin. It is able to grow to the length of 40 inches(100cm) but most grow to around 24 inches(61cm). Males are smaller than females. They have smooth scales, a round head, and eyes with round pupils.

paragraphs: It ranges from the southern United States, south to northeastern and central Mexico. It lives in the states of Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas, Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí, Guanajuato, Querétaro and Morelos.

paragraphs: They mainly eat other snakes, they will also sometimes eat small lizards.


title: Minka

paragraphs: Minka are traditional houses and private residences of farmers, artisans, and merchants

paragraphs: There are several types or styles of "minka", including


title: Iceboat

paragraphs: Iceboats are a type of boat that run on ice. They have sails. Most boats are made to fit only one person. They can be much faster than boats in water.

paragraphs: Ice yachting is the sport of sailing and racing iceboats.


title: State Bank of India

paragraphs: State Bank of India (SBI) is the largest bank in India. It is owned by the government of India. SBI headquarters are in Mumbai.

paragraphs: The State Bank of India was established on July 1, 1955.

paragraphs: The symbol of the State Bank of India is a circle with a small man at the center of the circle. The circle is a symbol of perfection and the common man is at the centre of the bank's business.

paragraphs: The bank is known by several slogans, including


title: Leavenheath

paragraphs: Leavenheath is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 1373 people living in Leavenheath.


title: Somerton, Suffolk

paragraphs: Somerton is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 81 people living in Somerton.


title: Wherstead

paragraphs: Wherstead is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 352 people living in Wherstead.


title: Hunsonby

paragraphs: Hunsonby is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 383 people living in Hunsonby.


title: Crosby Garrett

paragraphs: Crosby Garrett is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 112 people living in Crosby Garrett.


title: Hartley, Cumbria

paragraphs: Hartley is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 133 people living in Hartley.


title: Kaber

paragraphs: Kaber is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 89 people living in Kaber.


title: Askham

paragraphs: Askham is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 360 people living in Askham.


title: Knock

paragraphs: Knock is a village in Cumbria, England. It is north of Appleby-in-Westmorland.


title: Winton

paragraphs: Winton is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 213 people living in Winton.


title: Drybeck

paragraphs: Drybeck is a village in Cumbria, England. There is a large building in the village called Drybeck Hall, which was built in 1679.


title: Hutton

paragraphs: Hutton is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 326 people living in Hutton.


title: Skelton

paragraphs: Skelton is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 1059 people living in Skelton.


title: Helbeck

paragraphs: Helbeck is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 19 people living in Helbeck.


title: Lazonby

paragraphs: Lazonby is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 980 people living in Lazonby.


title: Bampton

paragraphs: Bampton is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 283 people living in Bampton.


title: Skirwith

paragraphs: Skirwith is a village in Cumbria, England. It has a church called St John's Church.


title: Kirkoswald

paragraphs: Kirkoswald is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 870 people living in Kirkoswald.


title: Mungrisdale

paragraphs: Mungrisdale is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 284 people living in Mungrisdale.


title: Martindale

paragraphs: Martindale is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 49 people living in Martindale.


title: Stainton

paragraphs: Stainton is a village in Cumbria, England. It has a primary school.


title: Threlkeld

paragraphs: Threlkeld is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 454 people living in Threlkeld. It has a church called St Mary's Church.


title: Northern white rhinoceros

paragraphs: The Northern white rhinoceros, or the Northern square-lipped rhinoceros ("Ceratotherium simum cottoni"), is one of the two subspecies of the white rhinoceros. These animals are extinct in the wild, but there are currently seven left in captivity. These seven lived in the Dvůr Králové Zoo in the Czech Republic. Four of the seven rhinoceroses were transported to Ol Pejeta Conservancy in Kenya, Africa, where scientists hope they will successfully breed and save this subspecies from extinction. One of three remaining in the Czech Republic died in late May 2011. The two other rhinoceroses now live at the San Diego Zoo's Safari Park in California.

paragraphs: In March 2018, Sudan, the last male white rhinoceros, died after being euthanized.

paragraphs: The northern white rhinoceros eats mainly grass, and other low lying vegetation. They can live for around 40 to 65 years.


title: Iolaos

paragraphs: In Greek mythology, Iolaus (Greek: Ἰόλαος, "Iólaos") was the nephew of Herakles, son of the hero's twin brother Iphicles and Automedusa. He was famed for having assisted Herakles in completing his Labors, serving as the hero's charioteer. A genus of Lycaenid butterfly has been named after him.


title: Shangzhou District

paragraphs: Shangzhou District (, pinyin:Shāngzhōu Qū), is a district of Shangluo Municipality, Shaanxi, China. The Shangluo Government is here. It covers . As of November 2010, 531,646 people lived here It was formerly known as Shangluo (上洛, meaning up Luo, not Shangluo Municipality), because it is in upstream of Luo River.


title: Pagoda

paragraphs: A pagoda is any kind of tower with multiple eaves. They are common in eastern and southeastern Asia. Most pagodas are built for religious purposes. They are usually Buddhist. Some are used as Taoist temples. The modern design for pagodas comes from the stupas of ancient Nepal. These were first built during the 3rd century BC. This kind of architecture has spread across Asia, taking on many differences as details specific to different regions are made a part of the overall design. Stupas were used to house Buddhist relics. Later, the architecture of Chinese towers and Chinese pavilions blended into pagoda architecture. This eventually spread to Southeast Asia. The pagoda's original purpose was to house relics and sacred writings.


title: Church of the Nativity

paragraphs: The Church of the Nativity is a church in Bethlehem. It is one of the oldest churches in the world. It is built over the cave that tradition marks as the birthplace of Jesus. It is considered very sacred to Christians and Muslims.

paragraphs: The main basilica is maintained by the Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem. Underneath the building is a cave or grotto. It is where Jesus is said to have been born. On Christmas Eve, crowds gather to sing Christmas carols outside the church in an area called Manger Square. The crowds also go to celebrate midnight mass at the Church of Saint Catherine, a Roman Catholic church next door to the basilica. It is performed by the Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem.

paragraphs: The basilica has been reported to be not very well preserved. The Palestinian government started restoring the buildings in 2010. It was made a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in June 2012. It is the first World Heritage Site listed under Palestine. It was listed as being in danger.


title: Krater

paragraphs: A krater was a large ceramic vase. Kraters were used to mix wine and water in Ancient Greece. Once filled, the krater was heavy and not easily moved. Another vessel was dipped into the mix. This vessel was then used to fill other vessels such as wine cups. The krater was the centerpiece of a party in Ancient Greece. A special person was chosen by party guests to take care of the krater.


title: John Dryden

paragraphs: John Dryden (9 August 1631 – 1 May 1700) was an English poet laureate and playwright.

paragraphs: He was the oldest of fourteen children born to Erasmus Dryden and wife Mary Pickering. As a boy Dryden lived in the nearby village of Titchmarsh, Northamptonshire. In 1644 he was sent to Westminster School. In the late twentieth century a house at Westminster was founded in his name.

paragraphs: In 1650 Dryden went up to Trinity College, Cambridge. After graduating, he went to London. Dryden got work with the Secretary of State, John Thurloe.

paragraphs: On 1 December 1663 Dryden married the royalist sister of Sir Robert Howard—Lady Elizabeth. They had three sons.

paragraphs: His first play, "The Wild Gallant" was in 1663. It was not successful. But from 1668 on he was contracted to make three plays a year for the King's Company.

paragraphs: In 1693 Dryden famously said about English language that "We have yet no prosody, not so much tolerable dictionary, or a grammar, so that our language is in a manner barbarous." Following the century's ill formed ideas like latinising English, Dryden considered English as inferior and before expressing anything English in his works he transcribed them first into Latin. He promoted the need of a regulatory body in English like the French Academy, this idea has been carried on by others after his death like by Daniel Fefoe, John Adams and other organized bodies into the 21st century. This arresting in change was deplored in each ages.


title: Eleanor of Castile

paragraphs: Eleanor of Castile (1241 – 28 November 1290) was the queen of Edward I of England. She was also Countess of Ponthieu from 1279 until her death in 1290.

paragraphs: Edward and Eleanor married at the monastery of Las Huelgas, Burgos on 1 November 1254. Several of her relatives came to England soon after her marriage. Henry III of England spent much money on her relatives. This made the people not like her, even though she could not stop it.

paragraphs: In the 1260s, the Second Barons' War started between Henry III and his barons. This divided the kingdom. Eleanor supported Edward. Edward was captured at Lewes and imprisoned. Eleanor was honourably kept at Westminster Palace.

paragraphs: In 1270 Edward and Eleanor left to join his uncle Louis IX of France on the Eighth Crusade. Louis died at Carthage. They spent the winter in Sicily. Then the couple went on to Acre in Palestine.

paragraphs: They left Palestine in September 1272. In Sicily that December they learned of Henry III's death. Edward and Eleanor returned to England and were crowned together on 19 August 1274.

paragraphs: Eleanor of Castile was born to the Castilian King, Ferdinand III and his wife, Queen Joan of Ponthieu in the early 1240s. When her father died, her step brother, Alfonso X, ascended to the throne where he and King Henry III arranged her marriage. In Spain, at age 10-12 she was married to King Henry’s son, Edward, who was only 15 at the time in 1254. She went with her husband, Lord Edward of England, who was leading an important crusade in 1270. As a gift to celebrate their wedding, her step brother gave Edward the region of Gascony. Edward also gained the lands of Montreuil and Ponthieu through Eleanor. When Eleanor first moved to England, King Henry III “Ordered that her apartments be furnished "in Castilian fashion" to make her feel more comfortable.” In 1264 she was moved to France for her safety when war broke out and did not return until about a year later. In 1270 she went on the 8th crusade with Edward to the Holy Land and returned in August 19, 1274 to be crowned. Since Eleanor was foreign, many of her subjects did not like her. On November 28, 1290, Eleanor died of a fever, leaving Edward to write, "I loved her dearly during her lifetime . . . . I shall not cease to love her now that she is dead."


title: Philippa of Hainault

paragraphs: Philippa of Hainault (24 June 1313 15 August 1369) was the queen of Edward III of England.

paragraphs: Philippa was the daughter of William I, Count of Hainaut, nicknamed "the Good", and Joan of Valois, the granddaughter of Philip III of France.

paragraphs: King Edward II wanted an alliance with Flanders to benefit England. He sent Bishop Stapledon to choose a good wife for Prince Edward. He chose Philippa who was about nine years old at that time. Four years later Philippa was betrothed to Prince Edward.

paragraphs: Philippa married Edward at York Minster, on 24 January 1328. This was eleven months after he was made King. The real rulers of the kingdom were his mother, Queen Dowager Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March. They jointly acted as his regents. The couple lived at Woodstock Palace in Oxfordshire. Philippa was crowned queen on 4 March 1330 at Westminster Abbey. She was almost six months pregnant. She gave birth to her first son, Edward, the following June just nine days before her seventeenth birthday.

paragraphs: In October 1330, King Edward began to rule. He ordered the arrest of his mother and Mortimer. Mortimer was killed for treason. Queen Dowager Isabella was sent to Castle Rising in Norfolk, where she spent the rest of her life.

paragraphs: Philippa went with Edward on his trips to Scotland, and the European continent in his early campaigns of the Hundred Years' War. She acted as regent in England on several times when her husband was away from his kingdom.

paragraphs: On 15 August 1369, Philippa died of an illness similar to dropsy in Windsor Castle at the age of fifty-six. By all accounts, her forty-year marriage to Edward had been happy. Even though he had an affair with her lady-in-waiting, Alice Perrers, during the later years.

paragraphs: The Queen's College, Oxford is named after Philippa. It was founded in 1341 by one of her chaplains, Robert de Eglesfield, in her honour.


title: Anne of Bohemia

paragraphs: Anne of Bohemia (11 May 1366 – 7 June 1394) was the queen of Richard II of England. She was the oldest daughter of Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor and Elizabeth of Pomerania.

paragraphs: Many people did not like the marriage. It did not bring money and very little other benefits. Richard gave 20,000 florins (around £4,000,000 in today's value) in payment to her brother Wenceslas. The only benefit, which was said to be small, was that England could trade freely in both Bohemian lands, and lands of the Holy Roman Empire.

paragraphs: Anne and King Richard II were married in Westminster Abbey on 22 January 1382. The wedding was the fifth royal wedding in Westminster Abbey. It was not followed by any other royal wedding in Westminster Abbey for another 537 years.

paragraphs: They were married for 12 years, but had no children. Anne's death from plague in 1394 at Sheen Manor was hard for Richard. His later unwise conduct lost him the throne. Richard married his second wife, Isabella of Valois, on 31 October 1396.

paragraphs: Anne of Bohemia is known to have made the sidesaddle more popular to ladies of the Middle Ages.


title: Catherine of Valois

paragraphs: Catherine of Valois (27 October 1401 – 3 January 1437) was the queen of Henry V of England and the mother of Henry VI of England. She was the daughter of King Charles VI of France and his wife Isabelle of Bavaria.

paragraphs: Catherine had a secret relationship with Owen Tudor. Through this she became the grandmother of Henry VII of England.

paragraphs: In May 1420, a peace treaty was made between England and France. Charles made Henry of England his heir. Catherine and Henry were married at the Parish Church of St John or at Troyes Cathedral on 2 June 1420. Catherine went to England with her new husband. She was crowned queen in Westminster Abbey on 23 February 1421.

paragraphs: Catherine gave birth to Prince Henry on 6 December 1421 at Windsor. The boy and his father would never see each other. During the siege of Meaux, Henry V had a fatal illness (dysentery) and died on 31 August 1422, just before his 35th birthday. Catherine was not quite 21 and was left a widow and Dowager Queen of England. Charles VI then died. This made the young Henry VI king of England and English-occupied northern France.

paragraphs: The Parliament made a rule that the Dowager Queen could not marry without the King's approval. If the Queen remarried without the king's consent, the husband would lose his lands and possessions, although any children of the marriage would still be members of the royal family. Parliament also said the king could only give permission when reached his majority age. At the time the bill was written, the king was only six years old.

paragraphs: Catherine entered into a relationship with Owen Tudor of Wales. It is unclear if they were ever married. Owen and Catherine had at least six children. Edmund, Jasper and Owen were all born away from court. They had two daughters, Tacinda, who married Reginald Grey, 7th Baron Grey de Wilton and Margaret who became a nun.

paragraphs: Catherine died on 3 January 1437, shortly after childbirth, in London.


title: Anne Neville

paragraphs: Anne Neville (11 June 1456 16 March 1485) was Princess of Wales as the wife of Edward of Westminster and was the queen of Richard III of England. She had just one son, Edward. She was the daughter of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick,

paragraphs: Anne was formally betrothed to Queen Margaret's son, Edward of Westminster at the Chateau d'Amboise in France. They were married in Angers Cathedral probably on 13 December 1470. Because of the death of Prince Edward at the Battle of Tewkesbury on 4 May 1471, she was taken prisoner along with Queen Margaret. She was taken first to Coventry and then to the Duke of Clarence's house in London. The Duke of Clarence was Richard's (the future King's) brother and married to Anne's sister Isabella. He wanted to keep all the Neville money and would not let her leave. Richard rescued Anne. They were married the next year.

paragraphs: The wedding of Anne Neville and Richard, Duke of Gloucester (later Richard III of England) took place on 12 July 1472, at Westminster Abbey. They lived in Middleham Castle. Upon her marriage, she was called Duchess of Gloucester. They had only one child, Edward, born at Middleham around 1473.

paragraphs: On 9 April 1483, Edward IV died. Richard was named Lord Protector for his 12-year-old nephew Edward V. On 25 June 1483, Edward was said to be illegitimate. Richard took the throne as King Richard III. Anne was crowned on 6 July 1483. Her son was made Prince of Wales.

paragraphs: Edward died suddenly on 9 April 1484, at Sheriff Hutton, while his parents were absent. He was then 10 years old. After the death of his son and heir, rumours said that Richard planned to divorce Anne and marry his niece, Elizabeth of York. There is little evidence for this. After the death of her son, Anne began to raise Richard's nephew, Edward, Earl of Warwick, the nine-year-old son of George of Clarence. Richard made the boy his heir. After Anne died, Richard quickly named another nephew, John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln, as his heir.

paragraphs: Anne died on 16 March 1485 of tuberculosis, at Westminster.


title: Andrew Motion

paragraphs: Andrew Motion FRSL (born 26 October 1952) is an English poet, novelist and biographer. He was Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom from 1999 to 2009.

paragraphs: Motion was born in London and moved to Stisted, Essex at age 12. He went to Radley College. He studied English at University College, Oxford. Between 1976 and 1980, Motion taught English at the University of Hull. While there, at age 24, he had his first volume of poetry published. Motion edited the Poetry Society's "Poetry Review" from 1980–1982. He was Editorial Director and Poetry Editor at Chatto & Windus (1983–89).

paragraphs: Motion was made Poet Laureate on 1 May 1999. This was following the death of Ted Hughes. Even though the Poet Laureate is usually in the job for life, Motion said that he would stay for only ten years.

paragraphs: He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature. In 2003, he became Professor of Creative Writing at Royal Holloway, University of London. Since July 2009, Motion has been Chairman of the Museums, Libraries and Archives Council (MLA).

paragraphs: Motion's marriage to Joanna Powell ended in 1983. He was married to Jan Dalley from 1985 to 2009. They divorced after a seven-year separation. They had one son born in 1986 and twins, a son and a daughter, born in 1988. He lives in Islington, North London.

paragraphs: Motion was elected Prime Minister of Somalia in 1994 in recognition of his poetry's literary achievements.


title: Natalia Goncharova

paragraphs: Natalia Sergeevna Goncharova (16 June 1881 17 October 1962) was a Russian painter, designer and writer. As an artist she was avant-garde: her art styles were influenced by fauvism, cubism and futurism. As a designer she was notable for her set and costume creations for ballet and theatre.

paragraphs: Goncharova holds the world record for the price paid for a work of art by a woman. The painting was Goncharova's 1912 still-life "The Flowers", and it sold for $U.S. 10.8 million.

paragraphs: Natalia Goncharova studied sculpture in Moscow, but worked as a painter and designer. She was inspired both by an interest in Russian folk art, and by modernism in art. With her lifelong partner Mikhail Larionov she first developed a style called Rayonism. They part of the pre-Revolution Russian avant-garde. They helped to organise the so-called 'Donkey's Tail' exhibition of 1912, and showed their work at the Der Blaue Reiter exhibition in Munich the same year.

paragraphs: Goncharova became famous in Russia for her Futurist work such as "The Cyclist" and her later Rayonist works. They organised lecture evenings and Goncharova wrote and illustrating a book in Futurist style.

paragraphs: In 1913, she began to design ballet costumes and sets for Diaghilev's "Ballets Russes" and elsewhere. She did the stage and costume design for these ballets: "Le Coq d'Or"' (1914), "The Liturgy" (1915), "Ygrushka" (1921) "Reynard" (with her husband; 1922), "Les Noces" (1923), "Une nuit sur le mont chauve" (1924), "The Firebird" (1926 revival), "Sur le Borsythène" (with her husband; 1932), "Cendrillon" (1938), "Bogatyri" (1938) and the 1954 Sadler's Wells production of "Firebird".

paragraphs: Goncharova moved to Paris in 1921, where she regularly exhibited her art. She became a French citizen in 1939. She married Larionov at last in 1955, and died in Paris, in 1962.

paragraphs: The largest collections of her work are in the Pompidou Centre in Paris; the Russian Museum in St. Petersburg; and the State Tretyakov Gallery, in Moscow.


title: Cacus

paragraphs: Cacus is a character in Roman mythology. He was a hideous, three-headed, fire-belching shepherd who lived in a cave in the Aventine Forest in Italy. His cave was covered with the bones of the people he killed. Human skulls and human arms were hanging above the cave entrance. Cacus' parents were Hephaestus and Medusa.

paragraphs: Hercules had stolen the Geryon's cattle. He was driving the herd through Italy when Cacus crossed his path. Cacus stole some of the animals. He dragged them backwards to his cave to confuse Hercules.

paragraphs: The next morning, Hercules missed the animals at once. He went to Cacus' cave. Cacus had put a huge rock at the entrance but Hercules tossed it aside. Cacus tried to drive Hercules off by belching fire. Hercules grabbed him and "battered his face to a pulp." Hercules put together an altar to Zeus. He later set up his own worship at the site. Some say it was not Hercules who killed Cacus but a huge shepherd named Garanus or Recaranus, a friend of Hercules'.


title: Baise-moi

paragraphs: Baise-moi is a 2000 French crime drama thriller movie. It was called Rape Me in the United States, where it was released without an MPAA rating. In Australia, "Baise-moi" was rated R18 at first, but was then refused classification due to content. This movie got mixed reviews from critics in many countries.

paragraphs: The title does not mean "kiss me", and absolutely it does not mean "rape me". It means "fuck me". It is about a sex-and-violence spree by two young women. The sex scenes are apparently real, rather than simulated, and the film has been banned in many countries.


title: Hilary Bradt

paragraphs: Hilary Bradt MBE (born 17 July 1941) is a British writer. He founded "Bradt Travel Guides", a publisher of travel guide books, in the mid-1970s.

paragraphs: From 1972, Bradt spent 18 months in South America with her husband, and later they set up "Bradt Travel Guides" together. Their first book was "Backpacking along Ancient Ways in Peru and Bolivia". The award-winning Bradt guides have always covered unusual destinations that do not attract large numbers of tourists. The company is based in Chalfont St Peter, England.

paragraphs: After running the company for 35 years, Bradt retired in 2007, but she is still chairman. She also still writes about travel, including a guide book to Devon and articles in travel magazines.

paragraphs: Bradt worked for many years as a tour leader, particularly in Madagascar, a country that she has written many books about. Bradt is a member of the British Guild of Travel Writers and she received their Lifetime Achievement Award in November 2009.

paragraphs: She was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2008 Queen's Birthday Honours for services to the tourist industry and to charity. Bradt's charity work includes being patron of Money for Madagascar, which has been raising funds for projects in Madagascar since 1986.


title: Sexy Beast

paragraphs: Sexy Beast is a 2000 Anglo-Spanish crime thriller movie. It was written by Louis Mellis, produced by Jeremy Thomas and directed by Jonathan Glazer. It stars Ray Winstone, Amanda Redman, Ben Kingsley, Ian McShane and James Fox. Winstone plays robber Gal Dove who has quit his life of crime in London and has retired with his ex-porn star wife Deedee (played by Redman) to Spain. Kingsley plays a sociopathic gang member and McShane plays a gang boss. The pair coerce Dove to go back to London to commit another robbery with them. Fox plays a bisexual banker.


title: 2060s

paragraphs: The 2060s decade will begin on January 1, 2060 and will end on December 31, 2069.


title: The Brabançonne

paragraphs: The Brabançonne is the national anthem of Belgium. In was first in the French language. Later a verion was made for all three official languages of the country.

paragraphs: It is said the anthem was written in September 1830, during the Belgian Revolution. In 1860, Belgium formally adopted the song and music as its national anthem. Then prime minister, Charles Rogier took out lyrics against the Dutch Prince of Orange.


title: Luonan County

paragraphs: Luonan County (, pinyin: Luònán Xiàn) is a county of Shangluo Municipality, Shaanxi Province, China. It is in the northeast part of Shangluo. Henan Provice is to the east. Danfeng County and Shangzhou District are to the south. Weinan Municipality is to the north. Xi'an Municipality is to the west. It covers . As of November 2010, 441,643 people lived here. 72% of here are montane ecology.


title: Adrienne Jablanczy

paragraphs: Adrienne Jablanczy (born. 3 March 1949) is a French economist, professor, and, since 1997, Head of the Institut supérieur européen de gestion group.

paragraphs: Jablanczy graduated from the University of Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne and the "Institut d'études politiques de Paris". She started her career in 1976 as a economics and teacher at Pantheon-Assas University. In 1997, she was nominated Director of the ISEG. She is also a financial markets teacher at the "École Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications de Bretagne".

paragraphs: Jablanzcy specializes in management of business schools, financial markets and Islamic finance.


title: Quartzite

paragraphs: Quartzite is a hard metamorphic rock. It is formed when sandstone is squeezed and heated under a chain of mountains.

paragraphs: Although pure quartzite is white, it usually occurs in shades of pink and red. This happens when it contains some iron oxide (FeO). Other colours, such as yellow and orange, are due to other mineral impurities.

paragraphs: When sandstone is changed to quartzite, the individual quartz grains and cement material recrystallizes. Most of the original texture of the sandstone is destroyed by the metamorphism. Minor amounts of cementing materials, iron oxide, silica, carbonate and clay, often move when this is happening. It causes streaks and lens shapes to form in the quartzite.


title: Great Salkeld

paragraphs: Great Salkeld is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 445 people living in Great Salkeld. It has a church called St Cuthbert's Church.


title: Ravenstonedale

paragraphs: Ravenstonedale is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 570 people living in Ravenstonedale. It has a church called St Oswald's Church.


title: Kirkland

paragraphs: Kirkland is a village in Culgaith, Eden, Cumbria, England. It has a church called Church of St Lawrence.


title: Patterdale

paragraphs: Patterdale is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 460 people living in Patterdale.


title: Edenhall

paragraphs: Edenhall is a village in Cumbria, England. It is about a mile south of Langwathby. It has a church named St Cuthbert's Church.


title: Little Asby

paragraphs: Little Asby is a hamlet in Cumbria, England. There was once a chapel called St Leonards.


title: Stefan–Boltzmann law

paragraphs: In quantum physics, the Stefan-Boltzmann law (sometimes called Stefan's Law) states that the black-body radiation energy emitted by a given object is directly proportional to the temperature of the object raised to the fourth power. The equation for this law is:

paragraphs: where σ is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, which is equal to 5.670 373(21) x 10 W m K, and where R is the energy radiated per unit surface area and per unit time. "T" is temperature, which is measured in Kelvin scale. Although this law is accurate and helpful, it is only usable for the energy radiated by blackbodies.


title: Puneri Pagadi

paragraphs: Puneri Pagadi is a turban, a cloth worn on the head. This turban is worn by people from Pune on special days. "Puneri" means "belonging to Pune" and "pagadi" means turban. It is used as a mark of respect in Pune. It is a custom that is about 200 years old.

paragraphs: The "pagadi" used to be worn by people to show pride but now it is also worn on special occasions.

paragraphs: The "pagadi" was introduced 200 years ago by Mahadev Govind Ranade, who was a social reformer. It was also later worn by leaders like Lokmanya Tilak, J.S. Karandikar, D.D. Sathye, Tatyasaheb Kelkar and Datto Vaman Potdar. The "pagadi" became more famous in 1973 after a Marathi play.

paragraphs: In 2009, it was given the status of Geographic Indication (GI) which means that the "pagadi" will be a property of only Pune. No one else can sell any such turban under the name of "Puneri Pagadi" outside Pune.Only Brahmins used to use this pagadi in that era.

paragraphs: The "pagadi" is used in marriages. It is also used on special events in schools and colleges (commonly on traditional days). It is used by actors while performing "gondhal" art form. The "pagadi" is also given as an award sometimes.

paragraphs: "Shree Puneri Pagadi Sangh" is a group of 10 people. They are the ones who applied for getting a GI tag for the "pagadi". Actually, Great Mission Group Consultancy submitted the application for them. The aim of this was to protect the identity of the "pagadi". They also wanted to protect the "Puneri" culture. The application was accepted and on 4 September 2009, the "pagadi" became an intellectual property. Before this, the GI tag was also given to Indian products like Tirupati "ladoos", Darjeeling tea, Banarasi "saris".


title: Great Musgrave

paragraphs: Great Musgrave is a village in Cumbria, England. It has a church called St Theobald's Church.


title: Newbiggin-on-Lune

paragraphs: Newbiggin-on-Lune is a village in Cumbria, England. It gets its name from the River Lune.


title: Melmerby

paragraphs: Melmerby is a village in Cumbria, England. It is a small village with a population of around 200. It has a church called St John the Baptist's Church. It is 9 miles northeast of Penrith.


title: Watermillock

paragraphs: Watermillock is a village in Cumbria, England. It is on the A592.


title: Witnesham

paragraphs: Witnesham is a village and civil parish in Suffolk Coastal, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 833 people living in Witnesham. It has a church called St Mary.


title: Copdock

paragraphs: Copdock is a village in Suffolk, England. It has a church called St Peter.


title: Blencarn

paragraphs: Blencarn is a village in Culgaith, Eden, Cumbria, England. A Wesleyan chapel was built in Blencarn in 1840.


title: Helton

paragraphs: Helton is a village in Cumbria, England. It was once called Helton-Flecket. There is also the hamlet of Heltonhead nearby.


title: Penruddock

paragraphs: Penruddock is a village in Cumbria, England. It is located 5.5 miles west of Penrith.


title: Washmere Green

paragraphs: Washmere Green is a hamlet in Suffolk, England. There is Wesleyan House in Washmere Green which was "not exclusively used for worship".


title: Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac

paragraphs: Antoine de La Mothe Cadillac was born on March 5, 1658 and died on October 16, 1730. He was a French explorer and adventurer in New France, now an area of North America stretching from Eastern Canada in the north to Louisiana in the south. In 1701, he founded Detroit, which he helped develop until 1710. Between 1710 and 1716 he was the governor of Louisiana, although he did not arrive in that territory until 1713.


title: Episodes (TV series)

paragraphs: Episodes is an Anglo-American television sitcom. It began on January 9, 2011 and is set in Los Angeles, California. It was created by David Crane and Jeffrey Klarik. It is directed by James Griffiths and Jim Field Smith. It stars Matt LeBlanc, Stephen Mangan, Tamsin Grieg, John Pankow, Kathleen Rose Perkins and Mircea Monroe.

paragraphs: Mangan and Grieg play Sean and Beverly Lincoln, a British married couple who travel to Hollywood to remake their successful British TV series. LeBlanc is recruited to play the protagonist in the American remake.


title: Irish State Coach

paragraphs: The Irish State Coach is a carriage used by the British monarch to ride from Buckingham Palace to the Palace of Westminster to open Parliament. It was built in 1851 by the Lord Mayor of Dublin. It is enclosed. It was damaged by fire in 1911. It was restored in 1989 by the Royal Mews carriage restorers. The outside is blue and black with golden-colored decoration. The inside is covered in blue damask (a cloth). It is driven from the box seat using four horses. It is kept in the Royal Mews. It can be seen by the public.


title: Alan Bates

paragraphs: Sir Alan Arthur Bates (17 February 1934 - 27 December 2003) was a British actor. He was born in Allestree, Derbyshire.

paragraphs: Bates starred in many movies, including: "Zorba the Greek", "Georgy Girl", "Far from the Madding Crowd", "The Fixer", "The Go-Between", "Women in Love", "An Unmarried Woman, Gosford Park" and "The Rose". He also acted on stage and television.

paragraphs: Bates was a closeted bisexual. He was married to actress Victoria Ward (1939-1992) from 1970 until her death. They had twin sons: Tristan (1971-1990) and actor Benedick Bates (born 1971). Bates died of pancreatic cancer in London.


title: Clueless (movie)

paragraphs: Clueless is a 1995 American romantic teen comedy movie set in Beverly Hills, California. It is loosely based on Jane Austen's 1815 book "Emma". It was written and directed by Amy Heckerling. It stars Alicia Silverstone, Stacey Dash and Brittany Murphy as 15 year old high school classmates. "Clueless" was released in the United States in August 1995.

paragraphs: Plot of Clueless revolves around the life of American sixteen-year-old girl Cher Horowitz. She is pretty and attractive, but clueless and selfish. Apart from that she is extremely rich and popular in her high school. Only a few things are important for Cher: fashion, mansion in which she lives with her father and her friend Dionne, who is also rich and self-confident. She has a former stepbrother Josh, with whom she always has quarrels for no reason at all.

paragraphs: Cher’s selfishness is totally innocent and safe for surrounding people. For example, she tries to bring together two teachers, who gave her bad marks, - Mr. Hall and Mrs. Gaste. She achieves this aim and benefits. When Cher sees those two fall in love and her marks become better, she understands that she likes to do good things.

paragraphs: Cher decides to make the next good thing on her list helping a new “duckling girl” Tie to transform into a beautiful swan. She also helps her to adapt in a new place and prevent her from communicating with the guy, who smokes weed and does skateboarding. Instead of that, she wants Tie to date with a rich snob Elton, but Cher does not realize that Elton fancies not Tie, but herself.

paragraphs: Suddenly some troubles appear in Cher’s life. She does not realize, that boy whom she tries to seduce is actually gay, until Dionne opens her naive eyes. Cher fails driving test and when she comes back home Tai says that she is keen on Josh. In reply Cher says to her, that they do not match and they have a quarrel.

paragraphs: After revaluation of values Cher finds out, that she loves Josh. She tries to be better, kinder and smarter. The final scene shows, that Josh admits he loves Cher too and they kiss.

paragraphs: Soon after release of the movie a Clueless sequel was filmed (it was in form of TV series) and a series of books was produced.


title: Front 242

paragraphs: Front 242 is a Belgian electronic music group. They were famous during the 1980s. They are known for being a pioneer of electronic body music, and as an influence on the electronic and industrial music genres.

paragraphs: Front 242 was formed in 1981 in Aarschot, Belgium, by Daniel Bressanutti and Dirk Bergen. Patrick Codenys and Jean-Luc De Meyer had also formed a group called Under Viewer at around the same time. The two duos joined together in 1982. In 1983, Dirk Bergen left the band and Richard Jonckheere, called Richard 23, joined as vocalist.

paragraphs: In 1987, Front 242 signed with Wax Trax! Records in the U.S. and Red Rhino in Europe.


title: K's Choice

paragraphs: K's Choice is a Belgian rock band from Antwerp. They formed in the mid-1990s. The band's core members are siblings Sarah Bettens (lead vocals, guitar) and Gert Bettens (guitar, keyboard, vocals). They are joined by Eric Grossman (bass), Thomas Vanelslander (lead guitar), Reinout Swinnen (keys) and Koen Liekens (drums). The band has made gold and platinum albums.


title: Hooverphonic

paragraphs: Hooverphonic are a Belgian rock/pop group, formed in 1995. The band first called themselves "Hoover". Later they changed their name to "Hooverphonic" after discovering other groups were already using the Hoover name.

paragraphs: On 10 October 2008, Geike Arnaert, the lead singer of the band, said she would leave the group by the end of the year. On 29 October 2010, Hooverphonic said they would have a new single on their website. The videoclip showed fourteen possible singers. Noémie Wolfs was the one selected.


title: Zap Mama

paragraphs: Zap Mama is a Belgian musical group founded and led by Marie Daulne. She says that her mission is to be a bridge between the European and the African and bring the two cultures together with music. "What I would like to do is bring sounds from Africa and bring it to the Western world, because I know that through sound and through beats, that people discover a new culture, a new people, a new world." They sing in French and English with deep African roots.

paragraphs: Zap Mama performed their first concert in 1989. In 1991, the group recorded their first record, "Zap Mama", at Studio Daylight in Brussels, Belgium. The album was released by Crammed Discs.


title: Soulwax

paragraphs: Soulwax are an alternative rock/electronic band from Ghent, Belgium. They are headed by David and Stephen Dewaele. Next to the Dewaele brothers, Soulwax has bassist Stefaan Van Leuven and drummer Steve Slingeneyer. The Dewaeles also work on other projects such as The Flying Dewaele Brothers and 2manydjs,as well as hosting a show on Belgian television, 'Alter8'. Since the release of their Nite Versions album they have been touring around the world.


title: Deus (band)

paragraphs: Deus is a rock band based in Antwerp, Belgium. The band name is written as dEUS. Tom Barman and Klaas Janzoons have always been with the band. The rest of the band's members are drummer Stéphane Misseghers, bassist Alan Gevaert and guitarist/backing vocalist Mauro Pawlowski.


title: Machiavel

paragraphs: Machiavel, named after Niccolò Machiavelli, is a Belgian rock group. They were formed in 1974 and still record and tour today. The first few albums are progressive rock and the later albums are harder.

paragraphs: Initial release are in bold. Compilations are in "italic". Re-release are not highlighted.


title: Channel Zero (band)

paragraphs: Channel Zero is a heavy metal band. They were formed in Brussels, Belgium in 1990. They are one of the best known heavy metal bands from Belgium. They were often called "the Belgian Metallica." They disbanded at the height of their career in 1997. In 2009 the band said they would play a series of reunion concerts starting in January 2010.


title: Enthroned

paragraphs: Enthroned is a black metal band formed in Charleroi in 1993 by Cernunnos.

paragraphs: In 1996, along with Ancient Rites and Bewitched, Enthroned began a large tour of Europe.

paragraphs: In April 1997, as Enthroned was to begin recording "Towards the Skullthrone of Satan", Cernunnos took his life. Enthroned recorded the album with a session drummer in honor of Cernunnos.

paragraphs: In April 1998, the band toured the European continent with Dark Funeral. They also released the MCD "Regie Axese", which was dedicated to their former drummer Cernunnos. Later that year, they toured again with Hecate Enthroned and Usurper.

paragraphs: Enthroned continued to play many live gigs in and around Europe, as well as in the US.

paragraphs: In early 2002, Enthroned signed to Napalm Records. In 2003 they played a South American tour. Enthroned signed with Regain Records in January 2008. At this time, some members of the band opened a recording studio, Blackout Multimedia.

paragraphs: In September 2011, Enthroned said they would end working with Regain Records.


title: Emile Verhaeren

paragraphs: Emile Verhaeren (21 May 1855 – 27 November 1916) was a Belgian poet. He wrote in the French language. He is one of the chief founders of the school of Symbolism.

paragraphs: At the age of eleven, he was sent to a strict boarding school in Ghent run by Jesuits - The Jesuit College of Sainte Barbe. He then went to study law at the University of Leuven. He did his first writing here in a student paper.

paragraphs: Having gained his law degree, he became a trainee (1881–1884) with Edmond Picard. Picard was a renowned criminal lawyer, who also was involved with the Brussels artistic scene. Verhaeren tried only two cases in a courtroom before deciding to dedicate his life to poetry and literature.

paragraphs: He soon became the spokesperson for the artistic revival at the turn of the century. He enjoyed the works of the painters of the artistic circle "Les XX". He wrote many articles in "La Jeune Belgique" and "L'Art Moderne". His articles brought many promising young talents, such as James Ensor, to the attention of the public.

paragraphs: Through these articles, he became a lifelong friend of Belgian painter Théo van Rysselberghe.

paragraphs: Verhaeren was one of the most prolific poets of his time. His first collection of poems ""Les Flamandes"" was published in 1883. It was an immediate success in some settings. But it caused a great deal of controversy in Catholic circles. His next book ""Les Moines"" (1886) was not the success he had hoped for.

paragraphs: On 24 August 1891 he married Marthe Massin, a talented artist from Liège.

paragraphs: He wrote his first play ""Les Aubes"" in 1898. In 1898 he moved to Saint-Cloud, near Paris. By the turn of the century, he had become world-famous. His works were translated into more than twenty languages.

paragraphs: Emile Verhaeren died on 27 November 1916 at Rouen station by falling under a train.


title: West Coast sea nettle

paragraphs: The West Coast sea nettle ("Chrysaora fuscescens"), also known as the Pacific sea nettle, is a type of Scyphozoa which lives in the Pacific Ocean. For humans its sting is usually irritating, but rarely dangerous.

paragraphs: The West Coast sea nettle is found near the coasts of California and Oregon, but some live in the waters north to the Gulf of Alaska, west to the seas around Japan and south to the Baja California Peninsula.

paragraphs: The West Coast sea nettle have a golden-brown bell with a little shade of red. In the wild, the bell can grow to be larger than one meter (three feet) in diameter, but most are less than 50 cm. The long white arms and the 24 maroon tentacles may be as long as 3.6 to 4.6m (12 to 15 feet).

paragraphs: Like most Cnidaria, the West Coast sea nettle is carnivorous. They catch their prey by using their Nematocyst-laden tentacles. The toxin(poison) in their Nematocyst are effective against their prey and humans. Since West Coast sea nettles can not chase their prey, they must eat as they drift, by spreading out their tentacles like a large net, the West Coast sea nettle is able to catch food as it passes by. When a prey brushes against the tentacles, thousands of nematocysts are released, launching barbed stingers which release a paralyzing toxin, then the oral arms begin digestion as they push the prey into the West Coast sea nettle's mouth.

paragraphs: The West Coast sea nettle feeds on different types of zooplankton, crustaceans, salps, pelagic snails, small fish as well as their eggs and larvae, and other jellyfish.


title: Catterlen

paragraphs: Catterlen is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 471 people living in Catterlen.


title: Plumpton

paragraphs: Plumpton is a village in Cumbria, England. It has a church called St John the Evangelist's Church. It is on the B6413.


title: Naughton, Suffolk

paragraphs: Naughton is a village in Suffolk, England. It has a church called St Mary.


title: Washbrook

paragraphs: Washbrook is a village in Suffolk, England. It has a church called St Mary. It once had another church, whoes name is not known.


title: Ainstable

paragraphs: Ainstable is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 532 people living in Ainstable.


title: Weeley

paragraphs: Weeley is a village and civil parish in Tendring, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 1780 people living in Weeley.


title: Steeple Bumpstead

paragraphs: Steeple Bumpstead is a village and civil parish in Braintree, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 1481 people living in Steeple Bumpstead.


title: Newport, Essex

paragraphs: Newport is a village and civil parish in Uttlesford, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 2208 people living in Newport.


title: Tyson Chandler

paragraphs: Tyson Cleotis Chandler (born October 2, 1982) is an American professional basketball center. He currently plays for the New York Knicks of the National Basketball Association. Chandler was the second overall pick of the 2001 NBA Draft by the Los Angeles Clippers. He was immediately traded to the Chicago Bulls. He has also played for the New Orleans Hornets, Charlotte Bobcats, and Dallas Mavericks. As starting center for Dallas, he helped win the franchise's first NBA championship in 2011. He was also a member of the United States men's national basketball team's gold medal run in the 2010 FIBA Basketball World Cup.


title: Toppesfield

paragraphs: Toppesfield is a village and civil parish in Braintree, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 533 people living in Toppesfield.


title: Jeremy Lin

paragraphs: Jeremy Lin (born August 23, 1988) is a National Basketball Association player who is currently a free agent. Lin is one of the few Asian Americans in NBA history. He is the first American of Chinese or Taiwanese descent to play in the league.

paragraphs: Jeremy Lin moved to Palo Alto in California. Jeremy Lin was very good at basketball so he ended up playing college basketball at Harvard. Jeremy Lin created tons of excitement, especially the Chinese and Taiwanese people. This was soon nicknamed “Linsanity.”

paragraphs: Jeremy Lin was a regular basketball player until the international sensation in February. He played for the New York Knicks of the NBA, and became famous for the awesome play he made in February. But that’s not all he’s famous for, he is also famous for being the first American-born player to play in the NBA related to the Chinese people.

paragraphs: "Lin, Jeremy." World Book Advanced. World Book, 2013.Web. 10 Jan. 2013.


title: Finchingfield

paragraphs: Finchingfield is a village and civil parish in Braintree, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 1348 people living in Finchingfield.


title: Hatfield Broad Oak

paragraphs: Hatfield Broad Oak is a village and civil parish in Uttlesford, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 1167 people living in Hatfield Broad Oak.


title: Great Bentley

paragraphs: Great Bentley is a village and civil parish in Tendring, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 2259 people living in Great Bentley.


title: Alresford

paragraphs: Alresford is a village and civil parish in Tendring, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 2125 people living in Alresford.


title: Thorpe-le-Soken

paragraphs: Thorpe-le-Soken is a village and civil parish in Tendring, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 2047 people living in Thorpe-le-Soken.


title: Ardleigh

paragraphs: Ardleigh is a village and civil parish in Tendring, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 2081 people living in Ardleigh.


title: Wix

paragraphs: Wix is a village and civil parish in Tendring, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 755 people living in Wix.


title: Brightlingsea

paragraphs: Brightlingsea is a town and civil parish in Tendring, Essex, England. The estimated population is 8500.


title: Wrabness

paragraphs: Wrabness is a village and civil parish in Tendring, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 380 people living in Wrabness.


title: Earls Colne

paragraphs: Earls Colne is a village and civil parish in Braintree distrct, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 3389 people living in Earls Colne.


title: Theodor Körner

paragraphs: Theodor Körner (April 23, 1873 - January 4, 1957) was the president of Austria from 1951-1957.

paragraphs: Previously he was mayor and governor of Vienna from 1945 to 1951.


title: McChicken

paragraphs: The McChicken is a kind of chicken sandwich from McDonald's restaurants. It is made with chicken breast meat in a fried coating made from bread crumbs. A man used a McChicken in a crime in Des Moines, Iowa. He threw the sandwich at his wife. The force of the hit broke her nose.


title: Portland limestone

paragraphs: Portland limestone is a limestone which was deposited in the latest stage of the Upper Jurassic period. It was first found on the Isle of Portland, Dorset. However, it occurs over a much wider area, including France.

paragraphs: The strata are beds of white-grey limestone separated by beds of chert.

paragraphs: Portland limestone was formed in a shallow, warm, sub-tropical sea on the continental shelf of what is now western Europe.

paragraphs: Limestones are mostly made of calcium carbonate. This comes originally from the bodies of many small organisms which build their shells or framework out of CaCO crystals. An example is the type of protist called coccolithophores.

paragraphs: On the continental shelves of the world photosynthetic organisms, like coccoliths, bacteria, and algae, produce calcium carbonate. Many animals, like bivalves and coral reefs, then use it to make their shells or other structures. Carbonates are rocks formed from these sources, plus any CaCO which is precipitated out of solution.

paragraphs: Florida Bay, the shallow lagoon behind the Florida Keys, is a model for the conditions which produced limestones on the continental shelf. Of course, all the species were somewhat different then but, as an ecosystem, it is similar.

paragraphs: In the Florida Bay a type of flowering plant called sea grass is in abundance. Also in abundance is white, milky water full of calcium carbonate. This is mainly formed by "Melobesia", a small red alga which lives on the sea grass. Finally, the organisms produce huge amounts of slime, which is a polysaccharide. There is good reason to think the slime is produced by microorganisms to control the way their carbonate skeletons are formed.

paragraphs: Florida Bay is a flat platform which has laid down a huge amount of carbonate rock.

paragraphs: Carbonate rocks are different in different places and at different times. This is because varied organisms lived there and produced the carbonate. Also various events happened, like underwater landslides and earthquakes, which disrupted the beds. Sometimes the deposition of carbonate was interrupted, and different organisms produced silica, which we see as beds of chert.

paragraphs: In the Portland sandstone, much of the limey mud was laid down with bits and pieces of shells or sand. These became coated with layers of lime mud, and formed small balls (less than 0.5 mm diameter). Over time, countless billions of these balls, known as "ooids" or "ooliths", became partly cemented together by more calcite, to form the oolitic limestone we call Portland limestone.

paragraphs: It has been widely used as a building stone in the British Isles, though it is relatively expensive.

paragraphs: It was used seen in major public buildings, such as Buckingham Palace, St Paul's Cathedral and the British Museum. It is also exported to many countries. Portland stone is used in the United Nations headquarters building in Manhattan, for example.

paragraphs: Portland stone is hard enough to resist weathering but soft enough to be worked (cut and carved) by stonemasons. This is one of the reasons why it is so good for monuments and architecture.

paragraphs: In 1824 Joseph Aspdin invented a cement by burning a mixture of limestone and clay. The limestone he used was Portland linestone, and so he

paragraphs: patented the term "Portland Cement". Builders quickly recognised that it was better than older cements, although more expensive. It is still widely used in the building trade today.


title: Present tense

paragraphs: Present tense is a verb form which is marked by time (tense).

paragraphs: The present tense is used for actions in a time which is happening now. In order to explain and understand present tense, it is useful to imagine time as a line on which the past tense, the present and the future tense are positioned.


title: Future tense

paragraphs: Future tense is a verb form which is marked by time (tense).

paragraphs: The future tense is used for actions in a time which has not yet happened. In order to explain and understand future tense, it is useful to imagine time as a line on which the past tense, the present tense and the future are positioned.


paragraphs: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs () is the Azerbaijani government ministry which manages the foreign relations of Azerbaijan. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan was established on May 28, 1918, during the first Republic of Azerbaijan.

paragraphs: After Azerbaijan was occupied by the Red Army and became a part of the Soviet Union on 28 April, 1920 as the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (Azerbaijan SSR), the Ministry of Foreign Affairs was abolished and was replaced by People's Foreign Affairs Commissariat (PFAC). The People's Foreign Affairs Commissariat, had little power because Azerbaijan was no longer independent and followed Soviet foreign policy. However, the Soviet government allowed the People's Foreign Affairs Commissariat of Azerbaijan to conduct certain ties with foreign countries.

paragraphs: After the Soviet Union ended and Azerbaijan gained its independence in 1991, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs was established, again in charge of the foreign policy of Azerbaijan.

paragraphs: Elmar Mammadyarov is the current Minister of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan since 2004.


title: Yitzhak Shamir

paragraphs: Yitzhak Shamir (born Icchak Jaziernicky; 15 October 1915 - 30 June 2012) was a Polish born Israeli politician and the seventh Prime Minister of Israel, serving two terms, 1983–84 and 1986–92.

paragraphs: He was born in Ruzhinoy (nowadays in Belarus), in the Russian Empire in 1915. In 1935, Shamir went to Palestine, where he worked in an accountant’s office. Before the establishment of the State of Israel, Shamir in the 1930s and 1940s was a member of the Zionist paramilitary organization Irgun, and then a commander of the more militant Lehi.

paragraphs: After the establishment of the State of Israel, Yitzhak Shamir worked for Israel's security service, the Mossad from 1955-1965. He joined the Herut political party in 1969. He was elected to Israel's parliament, the Knesset, in 1973 as a member of political party Likud. He was the Prime Minister of Israel from 1983-1984 and from 1986-1992. He was the country’s second longest-serving prime minister after David Ben-Gurion.

paragraphs: He died of Alzheimer's disease in Tel Aviv, Israel in 2012 and was buried in Mount Herzl in Jerusalem.


title: Sea grass

paragraphs: Sea grasses are flowering plants which live in the sea. They come from one of four plant families in the order Alismatales. They are monocotyledons which grow in marine, fully salineenvironments.

paragraphs: Sea grass is a key part of continental shelf ecosystems where phytoplankton produce carbonate sediment. This kind of ecosystem occurs in subtropical places like Florida Bay, and around Bermuda. Sea grass beds often contain many species from various phyla. Apparently, seagrass herbivory is a highly important link in the food chain. Many species feed on sea grasses, such as green turtles, dugongs, manatees, fish, geese, swans, sea urchins and crabs.


title: T. Rex (band)

paragraphs: T. Rex were a British rock band. They were formed in London in 1967 as Tyrannosaurus Rex and changed their name to T. Rex in 1970. They released many singles and albums. They disbanded when their frontman Marc Bolan (1947–1977) was killed in a car accident.


title: Coniston

paragraphs: Coniston is a village and civil parish in South Lakeland, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 1058 people living in Coniston.


title: Egremont

paragraphs: Egremont is a town and civil parish in Copeland, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 7444 people living in Egremont.


title: Gosforth

paragraphs: Gosforth is a village and civil parish in Copeland, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 1230 people living in Gosforth.


title: Distington

paragraphs: Distington is a village and civil parish in Copeland, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 2247 people living in Distington.


title: Seascale

paragraphs: Seascale is a village and civil parish in Copeland, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 1747 people living in Seascale.


title: Seaton

paragraphs: Seaton is a village and civil parish in Allerdale, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 4861 people living in Seaton.


title: Bootle

paragraphs: Bootle is a village and civil parish in Copeland, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 745 people living in Bootle.


title: Wigton

paragraphs: Wigton is a town and civil parish in Allerdale, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 5360 people living in Wigton.


title: Caldbeck

paragraphs: Caldbeck is a village and civil parish in Allerdale, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 714 people living in Caldbeck.


title: Wetheral

paragraphs: Wetheral is a village and civil parish in City of Carlisle, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 5203 people living in Wetheral.


title: Brampton, Carlisle

paragraphs: Brampton is a village and civil parish in City of Carlisle, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 4361 people living in Brampton.


title: Thursby

paragraphs: Thursby is a village and civil parish in Allerdale, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 1185 people living in Thursby.


title: Hayton

paragraphs: Hayton is a village and civil parish in City of Carlisle, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 2180 people living in Hayton.


title: Hethersgill

paragraphs: Hethersgill is a village and civil parish in City of Carlisle, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 382 people living in Hethersgill.


title: Waverton

paragraphs: Waverton is a village and civil parish in Allerdale, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 326 people living in Waverton.


title: Theydon Bois

paragraphs: Theydon Bois is a village and civil parish in Epping Forest, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 3993 people living in Theydon Bois.


title: Sheering

paragraphs: Sheering is a village and civil parish in Epping Forest, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 2838 people living in Sheering.


title: Stanford Rivers

paragraphs: Stanford Rivers is a village and civil parish in Epping Forest, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 739 people living in Stanford Rivers.


title: Debden

paragraphs: Debden is a village and civil parish in Uttlesford, Essex, England. It is located 4 miles (6 km) from Saffron Walden and 17 miles (27 km) from Cambridge. In 2001 there were 753 people living in Debden.


title: Ashdon

paragraphs: Ashdon is a village and civil parish in Uttlesford, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 792 people living in Ashdon.


title: Little Dunmow

paragraphs: Little Dunmow is a village and civil parish in Uttlesford, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 310 people living in Little Dunmow.


title: Felsted

paragraphs: Felsted is a village and civil parish in Uttlesford, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 2843 people living in Felsted. It includes the hamlets of Bannister Green, Cobblers Green, Cock Green, Frenches Green, Gransmore Green, Mole Hill Green, Pyes Green, Thistley Green and Willow Green.


title: British state carriages

paragraphs: The British royal family has many state carriages. They are horse-drawn coaches. The carriages are used in royal events.

paragraphs: The carriages are housed at the Royal Mews in London. Some are on public display. Most are in regular use. A few are only used rarely.


title: Matching

paragraphs: Matching is a village and civil parish in Epping Forest, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 635 people living in Matching.


title: Boreham

paragraphs: Boreham is a village and civil parish in City of Chelmsford, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 3450 people living in Boreham.


title: Wimbish

paragraphs: Wimbish is a village and civil parish in Uttlesford, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 1550 people living in Wimbish. It includes the hamlets of Tye Green, Upper and Lower Green (or Wimbish Green), Howlett End, Elder Street and Cole End.


title: Pleshey

paragraphs: Pleshey is a village and civil parish in Chelmsford, Essex. In 2001 there were 295 people living in Pleshey.


title: Japan state carriages

paragraphs: Japan state carriages are horse-drawn coaches. The carriages are used in Imperial events.

paragraphs: The carriages are in regular use. For example, during the presentation of credentials of a newly appointed ambassador, it sometimes happens that the ambassador will be driven to the south portico of the Imperial Palace in a horse-drawn carriage. The carriages called "zagyoshiki" are drawn by two horses

paragraphs: A few carriages are only used rarely. For example, some state carriages are part of ceremonies of enthronement and the marriages of members of the Imperial Family.

paragraphs: In December 1923, there was an assassination attempt on the life of Crown Prince Hirohito. He was in a carriage on his way to the opening of the 48th Session of the Imperial Diet. A small pistol was fired at the Imperial carriage. The bullet injured a chamberlain, but Hirohito was unharmed.


title: Stapleford Abbotts

paragraphs: Stapleford Abbotts is a village and civil parish in Epping Forest, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 959 people living in Stapleford Abbotts.


title: Gosfield

paragraphs: Gosfield is a village and civil parish in Braintree District, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 1364 people living in Gosfield.


title: Leaden Roding

paragraphs: Leaden Roding is a village and civil parish in Uttlesford, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 557 people living in Leaden Roding.


title: Elsenham

paragraphs: Elsenham is a village and civil parish in Uttlesford, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 2403 people living in Elsenham.


title: Hatfield Heath

paragraphs: Hatfield Heath is a village and civil parish in Uttlesford, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 1670 people living in Hatfield Heath.


title: Margaret Roding

paragraphs: Margaret Roding is a village and civil parish in Uttlesford, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 193 people living in Margaret Roding.


title: Wendens Ambo

paragraphs: Wendens Ambo is a village and civil parish in Uttlesford, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 436 people living in Wendens Ambo.


title: Arkesden

paragraphs: Arkesden is a village and civil parish in Uttlesford, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 363 people living in Arkesden.


title: RMS Queen Mary

paragraphs: RMS "Queen Mary" is a ship in Long Beach, California. It is docked in the harbor. It was an ocean liner that sailed in the North Atlantic Ocean from 1936 to 1967.

paragraphs: With the outbreak of World War II, she was changed into a troopship. Queen Mary moved Allied soldiers for the rest of the war. Following the war, "Queen Mary" was refitted for passenger service.

paragraphs: The ship now is a tourist attraction featuring restaurants, a museum, and hotel. The ship is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.


title: Society Islands

paragraphs: The Society Islands are a group of islands in French Polynesia. They include Tahiti, Bora Bora, Moorea, and many others. The largest city in the area is Faaa, which is located on Tahiti.


title: College Board

paragraphs: The College Board is a group that manages standardized tests in the United States, like the SAT, to test students' abilities in certain subject areas. It was founded in 1900, known then as the College Entrance Examination Board (CEEB).

paragraphs: The SAT is a test for entrance to colleges and universities. It is a standardized test managed by the College Board, and developed, published, and scored by the Educational Testing Service (ETS). It is fee-based, costing about $50. It competes with the ACT, another standardized test for college admissions.

paragraphs: The College Board Accuplacer test is a placement test on the computer that tests students on their reading, writing, and math skills.

paragraphs: The College Board Advanced Placement Program is a program that gives high school students a chance to take college level classes for a fee, preparing them for college. It also helps admissions to college. The program lets students get college credit for high scores on AP exams. Giving credit is still up to the college.

paragraphs: The CLEP, or the College Level Examination Program, is a program that lets students show that they know college-level material through exams in college courses.

paragraphs: SpringBoard is a program created by the College Board to prepare students who will take AP or college courses later. The program offers pre-AP and AP teaching and learning strategies across school and classwork. The material is for grades 6th to 12th.


title: UEFA Euro 2012 Group A

paragraphs: Group A of the UEFA Euro 2012 began on June 8, 2012 and ended on June 16, 2012. The group had the teams of Poland, Czech Republic, Greece and Russia. Czech Republic and Greece went to the quarter-finals.


title: Kate Gynther

paragraphs: Kate Gynther (born 5 July 1982 in Brisbane) is a water polo player from Australia. She won a bronze medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics when she played for the team from Australia. She played water polo at the 2004 Summer Olympics; her team finished fourth.


title: Pig, Kentucky

paragraphs: Pig is an unincorporated community in southern Edmonson County, Kentucky, United States. The town is about 21 miles away from Bowling Green, Kentucky, in the southern adjacent Warren County, Kentucky


title: Suinae

paragraphs: Suinae is a subfamily of mammals. It includes at least some of the living members of the family Suidae and their closest relatives—the domestic pig and related species, such as babirusas.

paragraphs: In their 1997 "Classification of Mammals", Malcolm C. McKenna and Susan K. Bell classify the Suinae as follows:

paragraphs: In the 2005 third edition of "Mammal Species of the World", which treats only Recent forms, Peter Grubb followed this classification.


title: Potamochoerus

paragraphs: Potamochoerus is a genus in the pig family (Suidae). The two species only live in Sub-saharan Africa. The Bushpig, possibly due to introduction by man, also can be found in Madagascar and nearby islands.