title: Medical assistant

paragraphs: A medical assistant (sometimes called an MA) is a medical professional who works in medical settings along with doctors and nurses. They do things to help doctors and nurses with their jobs, and may perform many different tasks.

paragraphs: Some medical assistants are similar in some ways to a nurse. They take care of patients in hospitals and other medical facilities, and they perform other tasks to help run the office. They are different from a nurse mainly in that medical assistants cannot plan out what a patient's care will be like. They can only do what a nurse or a doctor instruct them to do.

paragraphs: Other types of medical assistants work in the reception area of a doctor's office, similar to a secretary. These medical assistants may file paperwork, update medical records, and greet patients.

paragraphs: Medical assistants usually go to school for between one and two years. They may hold an associate's degree, or in some cases a certificate if they already have an associate's degree in something else.

paragraphs: Medical assistants tend to earn between $20,000 and $40,000 a year in salary. Factors that influence a medical assistant's salary can be their location, the amount of training they have, the amount of time they've been working as a medical assistant, and the skills they've learned while working.


title: Scalping

paragraphs: Scalping is the act of removing the scalp, or a part of the scalp, from a dead body or another living person. The scalp would serve as a trophy from battle or proof of a warrior's skill. Scalping was also done for money, when the scalper was given a certain amount of money as a reward for each scalp of the enemy they acquired.

paragraphs: Scalping was often done during the colonisation of North America. It was practised by certain nations of Native Americans, but this was not the norm. It was also done by European colonists. Some United States and Mexican territories paid bounties for enemy Native American scalps.

paragraphs: In Australia, scalping of dingos was a widespread form of bounty hunting. It began in 1912, when the government of South Australia decided to pay people money for dingo scalps, to reduce attacks on livestock. This was also done in Western Australia and the Northern Territory.


title: Angkaliya Curtis

paragraphs: Angkaliya Curtis (born c. 1928) is an Australian Aboriginal artist. She paints animals from the central Australian desert.

paragraphs: Curtis was born around 1928, at a place called Miti, in north-western South Australia. Her family are Pitjantjatjara people. They lived a traditional nomadic way of life in the desert, often walking long distances from place to place in search of food and water. While living in the bush with her family, Curtis learned about the sacred law of the land from her mother and grandmother. They taught her about the Dreamtime and her family's spiritual ancestors, about bush food and traditional healing. She also learned about traditional crafts. She made ceremonial belts and "" (head rings) by spinning hair on a hand-made spindle.

paragraphs: When Curtis was still a child, she travelled with her mother to what is now Watarru, her mother's homeland. The family lived for a time on cattle stations, and traded dingo scalps and rabbit skins for flour, tea and sugar. They later settled on the mission at Ernabella. When she was older, Curtis married a man named Bill, and worked at Ernabella spinning wool and making rugs.

paragraphs: In the 1960s, she moved back west (closer to her homeland) when the outstation at Amaṯa was established. She now lives at Nyapaṟi.

paragraphs: Curtis is best known for her acrylic paintings, but she is also still involved in traditional handicraft work (making grass baskets and wooden carvings). The most visible motif in Curtis' paintings are her representations of animals. Her works stand out against other artists from her region because of her subtle use of colours.

paragraphs: Her work has been exhibited around Australia since 2007. It was first shown internationally in 2010, in San Sebastian, Spain. Examples of her paintings are displayed in the Queensland Gallery of Modern Art, the Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory, the National Gallery of Victoria, the National Gallery of Australia, and the Australian National University.

paragraphs: Curtis was a finalist for the National Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Art Award in 2010 and 2011. She was also one of 16 finalists for the Western Australian Indigenous Art Award in 2011.


title: Dickie Minyintiri

paragraphs: Dickie Minyintiri (born c. 1915) is an Australian Aboriginal artist from Pukatja, South Australia. He began painting in 2005, when he was about 90 years old. After winning the National Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Art Award in 2011, he is now a very successful artist. He is said to be the oldest artist at Pukatja, and also the community's most senior lawman (a keeper of "Tjukurpa" or sacred knowledge).

paragraphs: Minyintiri was born into a Pitjantjatjara family some time around 1915. He was born in the bush at Pilpirinyi, Western Australia, near the border with South Australia. His childhood was spent living nomadically in the desert with his family. Their homelands were spread over a large area along the border, but they often travelled far to the east for ceremonies. They camped for several years around the Musgrave Ranges near what would later become the settlement of Ernabella. This was before the arrival of White people in the area. The family had their first contact with Western civilisation in the 1920s, when Minyintiri was still a child. They encountered a group of men on camels trying to pull a truck out of a bog.

paragraphs: Minyintiri and his family were there for the establishment of the mission settlement of Ernabella in 1937. They settled on the mission with several other Aboriginal families. Minyintiri has lived at Ernabella since then. He worked for most of his life as a shepherd and shearer. In his later years, he became a widely respected "" (traditional healer), and is now one of the most important elders in his community. Before he became a painter, Minyintiri crafted traditional wooden tools (mostly spears).

paragraphs: Minyintiri began painting at Ernabella Arts in late 2005. He painted at the art centre for a few hours each day, while his wife (now deceased) would wait outside with their dogs to keep her company. Minyintiri originally painted on paper, but now paints on canvas. His works have been shown in many group exhibitions since 2006, in most major Australian cities. The South Australian Museum was one of the first public galleries to show his work, which it did in a 2007 exhibition.

paragraphs: Most of Minyintiri's paintings are done using synthetic polymer paint on canvases. His earliest paintings were done on paper. His paintings are almost always multi-layered (several layers painted over the top of each other), with strong motifs and symbols representing landmarks or figures. Each layer represents a different memory or story. Because of his old age, Minyintiri only paints six to eight artworks a year. Nearly all of them are large canvases.

paragraphs: His paintings depict sacred stories from his Dreaming (a kind of spirituality). He paints songlines, or the journeys taken by the ancestral beings of his Dreaming country – such as the "kanyaḻa" (euro), "malu" (red kangaroo), "wiilu" (stone-curlew), "waru" (wallaby) and "kaḻaya" (emu). His art is often also a reflection of his younger life in the desert, before settling permanently at Ernabella. The religious elements of his works are always obscured, for cultural reasons.

paragraphs: Examples of Minyintiri's work are held in the National Gallery of Victoria, the Art Gallery of South Australia, the Art Gallery of New South Wales, the Queensland Gallery of Modern Art, and the National Gallery of Australia.

paragraphs: In 2010, Minyintiri's painting ' ("Red Kangaroo Tracks") was chosen as a finalist for the 27th National Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Art Award. The award was won by Jimmy Donegan, another Pitjantjatjara artist, from Kalka. Minyintiri won the 28th NATSIAA in August 2011, for his painting ' ("Euro Tracks"). His work was chosen from over 300 entries, which had been reduced to 61 finalists. Minyintiri was about 96 at the time. With Donegan winning the award the year before, it was the second year in a row that an artist from the Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands had won.

paragraphs: "" is a multi-layered synthetic painting, done on a large canvas. The background is made up of pale yellows and oranges, and is covered with a complex network of thick, ivory-coloured lines. Flashes of blue, black and pink peep through the surface lines. The judges praised Minyintiri for his subtle use of colour. His work was compared to the early batik works of Emily Kngwarreye.

paragraphs: The painting depicts a sacred men's ceremonial site near Pilpirinyi. The network of lines traces the tracks of ancestral spirits (kangaroos, dogs and emu) to important waterholes, where men also went for their ceremonies. Each layer and line is a memory of a journey Minyintiri has made. The painting is therefore a reflection of the artist's years of travelling his country, and an expression of his ancestral relationship to the land.


title: Ambrose

paragraphs: Saint Ambrose (c. 330 – 4 April 397) was an Archbishop of Milan. He is an important figure in the Catholic church, and the patron saint of Milan.

paragraphs: Saint Ambrose was one of the four original Doctors of the Church, the title given by the Catholic Church to saints for their significant contribution to theology or doctrine through their research study or writing.

paragraphs: The feast day is celebrated on December 7.


title: Phu Quoc International Airport

paragraphs: Phu Quoc International Airport is an airport on Phu Quoc Island, at the southern end of Vietnam. The construction began in November 2008 and finished in November 2012. It was opened on 2 December 2012, and replaced the old airport. The runway is long and wide. The current capacity is 2.6 million passengers per year and will be upraded to 4 million in 2020, 7 million in 2030.


title: Jerusalem Academy of Music and Dance

paragraphs: The Jerusalem Academy of Music and Dance (), is an Israeli academy for music and the performing arts. It is located in Jerusalem. Many famous Israeli artists studied there, such as the singer David D'or and the composer Nurit Hirsch.

paragraphs: The academy is a part of the Givat Ram campus of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.


title: Ben Gurion International Airport

paragraphs: Ben Gurion International Airport (, "") is an international airport in Tel Aviv, Israel. This airport is the main international airport in Israel and the largest airport in Israel.

paragraphs: The airport is named after the first Israeli prime minister David Ben-Gurion.


paragraphs: Korean Augmentation to the United States Army (KATUSA) is a scheme of military duty in South Korea. Under this program, soldiers in the South Korean Army are given posts in U.S. Army bases that are located in several places in South Korea. KATUSA soldiers are under the command of both the South Korean Department of Defense and the U.S. Department of Defense. The purpose of the KATUSA program has been different depending on the historical situation in Korea.

paragraphs: The KATUSA system was established in July 1950 during the Korean War. It was started as a spoken agreement between President Syngman Rhee and U.S. General Douglas MacArthur. At that time, the U.S. Army needed a military force that had the proper knowledge of the geography of Korea, and the abilities to distinguish ally troops (South Korea) from enemy troops (North Korea) and communicate better between U.S. soldiers and Korean soldiers. Therefore, some were drafted to KATUSA by force, and others voluntarily (by their own choice) applied . After training, they were divided into the U.S. military, such as 2nd, 7th, 24th, 25th divisions. During the Korean Wars, a total 43,660 KATUSA soldiers fought for South Korea with U.S. forces. Of these soldiers, 11,365 went missing or were killed in action.

paragraphs: After a ceasefire agreement between the United States and North Korea, the U.S. government decided to keep the KATUSA system. It was kept so that KATUSA soldiers could make up for the instant shortage of U.S. forces from the military evacuation. The KATSUA soldiers could also help the American soldiers who stayed behind in Korea to keep a good relation with the Korean military. Therefore, the KATUSA system still has been operating in Korea with some changes in its method of operations.

paragraphs: Every South Korean male aged between 18 and 28 must do at least 18 months of military service. As of 2012, the Department of Defense recruits KATUSA soldiers for the next year every September. So people who want to perform their military duty under the KATUSA program apply for it in September.

paragraphs: The people applying must have at least one valid score among the various English competency tests: TOEIC, TEPS, TOEFL (PBT or IBT), G-TELP Level 2, FLEX. The Department of Defense has set cut-off points for each of these tests, which have changed over time. After the department finishes recruiting applicants, it randomly picks KATUSA soldiers for the next year who meet all the standards required. It announces the names of applicants who got accepted to be KATUSA on November of the same year.

paragraphs: When the time has come for the applicants to enter the military, they gather at Republic of Korea Army (ROKA) training camp, which is located at Nonsan-si, Chungcheongnam-do. Trainees have to finish all the basic training courses like any other ROKA soldier. These go for five weeks. After they finish the training, the soldiers with Private rank go to the KATUSA Training Academy (KTA), which is located at Uijeongbu. They get specialized trainings that help them to adapt to life in the U.S. Army, and to become "ambassadors" working for the mutual cooperation between South Korea and the United States. This training goes for 3 weeks. After this, trainees are assigned as soldiers to U.S. Army posts in South Korea. The placements are made according to several scores they get during training.


title: Paloma Faith

paragraphs: Paloma Faith (born Paloma Faith Blomfield on 21 July 1981) is an English singer, songwriter and actress.

paragraphs: She was born in Hackney and raised in Stoke Newington. Her latest album is called, "A Perfect Contradiction". In 2009 she won an award for European Top 100 Albums with her album, "Do You Want the Truth or Something Beautiful?". The singer met her managers Jamie Binns and Christian Wåhlberg in 2007.


title: Darlington transistor

paragraphs: A Darlington transistor, sometimes called "Darlington pair" is a transistor circuit that is made from two bipolar transistors. Sidney Darlington invented it at Bell Labs. It is like a transistor but it has much higher ability to gain current. The circuit can be made from two discrete transistors or it can be inside an integrated circuit. The hfe parameter with a Darlington transistor is each transistors hfe multiplied together.

paragraphs: The circuit is useful in audio amplifiers or in a probe that measures very small current that goes through water.

paragraphs: It is so sensitive that it can pick up the current in skin. If you connect it to a piece of metal, you can make a touch-sensitive button.


title: Kaoru Moto

paragraphs: Kaoru Moto (April 25, 1917-August 26, 1992) was a United States Army soldier. He received the Medal of Honor because of his actions in World War II.

paragraphs: Moto was born in Hawaii to Japanese immigrant parents. He is a "Nisei", which means that he is a second generation Japanese-American.

paragraphs: Ten months before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, he joined the US Army in March 1941.

paragraphs: Moto volunteered to be part of the all-"Nisei" 100th Infantry Battalion. This army unit was mostly made up of Japanese Americans from Hawaii and the mainland.

paragraphs: For his actions in July 1944, Moto was awarded the Army's second-highest decoration, the Distinguished Service Cross (DSC). In the 1990s, there was a review of service records of Asian Americans who received the DSC during World War II. Moto's award was upgraded to the Medal of Honor. In a ceremony at the White House on June 21, 2000, his family was presented with his medal by President Bill Clinton. Twenty-one other Asian Americans also received the medal during the ceremony, but only seven of them were still alive.

paragraphs: Moto's Medal of Honor recognized his conduct in fighting in central Italy in 1944. Without help from others, he attacked two machine guns; and, although he was wounded, he captured a third machine gun nest.

paragraphs: Acting on his own, Moto silenced two enemy machine gun positions while acting as a scout. He also destroyed a third even though he was seriously wounded.

paragraphs: Private First Class Kaoru Moto distinguished himself by extraordinary heroism in action on 7 July 1944, near Castellina, Italy. While serving as first scout, Private First Class Moto observed a machine gun nest that was hindering his platoon's progress. On his own initiative, he made his way to a point ten paces from the hostile position, and killed the enemy machine gunner. Immediately, the enemy assistant gunner opened fire in the direction of Private First Class Moto. Crawling to the rear of the position, Private First Class Moto surprised the enemy soldier, who quickly surrendered. Taking his prisoner with him, Private First Class Moto took a position a few yards from a house to prevent the enemy from using the building as an observation post. While guarding the house and his prisoner, he observed an enemy machine gun team moving into position. He engaged them, and with deadly fire forced the enemy to withdraw. An enemy sniper located in another house fired at Private First Class Moto, severely wounding him. Applying first aid to his wound, he changed position to elude the sniper fire and to advance. Finally relieved of his position, he made his way to the rear for treatment. Crossing a road, he spotted an enemy machine gun nest. Opening fire, he wounded two of the three soldiers occupying the position. Not satisfied with this accomplishment, he then crawled forward to a better position and ordered the enemy soldier to surrender. Receiving no answer, Private First Class Moto fired at the position, and the soldiers surrendered. Private First Class Moto's extraordinary heroism and devotion to duty are in keeping with the highest traditions of military service and reflect great credit on him, his unit, and the United States Army.


title: Schmitt trigger

paragraphs: A Schmitt trigger is an electronic device which can moderate analog signal values only to zero or one (0 / 1). It can be made of a couple transistors, or several triggers can be arranged in an integrated circuit.


title: U.S. Army Nurse Corps

paragraphs: The United States Army Nurse Corps (NC) is an American army branch. It was created by the United States Congress in the year of 1901. This Special Branch together with five other ones form together the Army Medical Department (AMEDD).

paragraphs: The Nurse Corps is the nursing service for the U.S. Army and provides qualified nursing staff in support of the plans of the United States Department of Defense.

paragraphs: All work must be in favor of the wellness of warriors and their families.


title: Ignaz Semmelweis

paragraphs: Ignaz Semmelweis (born 1818 - died 1865) was a Hungarian doctor who discovered bacteria, disease and infection. He is the father of infection control. Semmelweis observed that if the doctors washed their hands, the number of infections of puerperal fever could be reduced. For this reason, Semmelweis ordered his medical students to wash their hands before and after medical rounds. He was mocked by fellow doctors, but he could not prove his findings, because bacteria had not been discovered yet. In 1870, Robert Koch proved that bacteria can cause disease. People such as Louis Pasteur proved what is known as the germ theory of disease only after Semmelweis' death.

paragraphs: Semmelweis probably had Alzheimer’s disease and he was sent to an asylum for being insane. He died after 14 days in the asylum possibly being beaten by the staff and inmates.


title: Robert Eugene Bush

paragraphs: Robert Eugene Bush was an American military during World War II. He was serving as a hospital corpsman for the United States Navy. Het was honored with a Medal of Honor for his brave actions during the Battle of Okinawa.

paragraphs: Bush was born on October 4, 1926, in Tacoma, Washington. In 1944 he joined the navy as a young boy.

paragraphs: During the invasion of Okinawa he got wounded on May 2, 1945, during an attack on a rifle company that he was on patrol.

paragraphs: At 18 years of age he was awarded for his braveness by President Truman in a White House with the Medal of Honor.

paragraphs: After the war, he returned to finish high school. Then he went on with a study in business administration at the University of Washington.

paragraphs: After he finished study, he founded the Bayview Lumber Company at South Bend, Washington in 1951 and Bayview Redi-Mix at Elma, Washington.

paragraphs: Tom Brokaw, a television personality and journalist, wrote a chapter about Bush in his World War II book "The Greatest Generation" (1998).

paragraphs: Robert and Wanda Bush were the parents of three sons and a daughter. He died from cancer on November 8, 2005, in Olympia, Washington when he was 79 years old.


title: Televisión Nacional de Chile

paragraphs: Televisión Nacional de Chile (TVN), is a company in Chile. It broadcasts in the Chilean territories and other countries on television and the Internet.


title: Canal 13 (Chile)

paragraphs: Canal 13, is a Chilean television network.


title: Tonka Tomičić

paragraphs: Tonka Tomicic Petric (; born 31 May 1976) is a Chilean model and television presenter of Croat origin.

paragraphs: She first came to public attention as the Chilean representative to the 1995 Miss World pageant. Soon after she was invited to the program "Pase lo que Pase" of TVN as a fashion commentator. She received her big break when she became one of the principal co-presenters of this program and went on to assume the co-presenter role of "Buenos dias a todos", a popular morning television show.

paragraphs: In February 2006, Tomičić was elected Queen of the Viña del Mar International Music Festival, and in 2007 she was presentor of the same festival with Sergio Lagos.


title: La Red

paragraphs: La Red, whose letters stand for Red Chilena de Televisión, is a Chilean television network.


title: Pamela Díaz

paragraphs: Pamela Andrea Díaz Saldías (born 26 February 1981 in Puerto Varas) is a Chilean model and television presenter.


title: Buddy Guy

paragraphs: George "Buddy" Guy (born July 30, 1936) is an American blues guitarist and singer. He worked with other musicians such as Muddy Waters, Eric Clapton, Jimi Hendrix, and Stevie Ray Vaughan. He is known for his music such as "Slipin' In" and "Feels Like Rain".

paragraphs: Guy was born on July 30, 1936 in Lettsworth, Louisiana. He was raised in Chicago, Illinois. He was married to Jennifer Guy from 1991 until they divorced in 2002.


title: Ed O'Neill

paragraphs: Edward Phillip "Ed" O'Neill, Jr. (born April 12, 1946) is an American movie, television, stage, and voice actor who is known for his roles as Al Bundy in "Married... with Children" and as Jay Pritchett in "Modern Family". He has won two Screen Actors Guild Awards for his role as Pritchett.

paragraphs: O'Neill was born on April 12, 1946 in Youngstown, Ohio. He studied at Youngstown State University. O'Neill has been married to Catherine Rusoff since 1986. They have two children.


title: Michael Dell

paragraphs: Michael Saul Dell (born February 23, 1965) is an American businessman. He created the computer technology company Dell. He was added as the 41st richest person in the world. Dell has about $19.9 billion dollars.

paragraphs: Dell was born on February 23, 1965 in Houston, Texas. He was born to a Jewish family. Dell dropped out from the University of Texas at Austin. Dell married Susan Lieberman in 1989. They have four children.


title: James Gosling

paragraphs: Dr. James A. Gosling (born May 19, 1955) is a Canadian computer scientist who invented Java.

paragraphs: Gosling was born on May 19, 1955 in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. He studied at the University of Calgary and at Carnegie Mellon University. Gosling is married. They have two children.


title: Colt McCoy

paragraphs: Daniel Colt McCoy (born September 5, 1986 in Hobbs, New Mexico) is an American football starting quarterback that currently plays for the Washington Redskins of the National Football League (NFL). McCoy was drafted out of the University of Texas at Austin by the Cleveland Browns with the 18th pick in the third round of the 2010 NFL Draft.

paragraphs: In 2006, during his time with the Texas Longhorns, he was a candidate for the Heisman Trophy. He was again a candidate for the trophy in 2007 which was won by Tim Tebow. McCoy is a member of the Church of Christ.


title: Sense and Sensibility (movie)

paragraphs: Sense and Sensibility is a 1995 movie that was directed by Ang Lee. It is an adaptation of "Sense and Sensibility", a novel published by English author Jane Austen in 1811. The movie starred Emma Thompson, Kate Winslet, Hugh Grant, and Alan Rickman.


title: Antofagasta

paragraphs: Antofagasta is a city in northern Chile. It is the capital of the province of Antofagasta and of the region of Antofagasta. In the 2002 census, the city had a population of 296,905.


title: Karyn White

paragraphs: Karyn White (born 14 October 1965 in Los Angeles) is an American R&B singer. She was very popular in the late 1980s. Her hit singles include "Secret Rendezvous" and "Superwoman".


title: Holland Taylor

paragraphs: Holland Virginia Taylor (born January 14, 1943) is an American movie, television, stage, and voice actress. She played Ruth Dunbar in "Bosom Buddies". She played Margaret Powers in "The Powers That Be". She played Judge Roberta Kittleson in "The Practice". She played Evelyn Harper in "Two and a Half Men". She won an Emmy Award in 1999.

paragraphs: Taylor was born on January 14, 1943 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She studied at Westtown School and at Bennington College.


title: Alan King

paragraphs: Alan King (Irwin Alan Kniberg, December 26, 1927 – May 9, 2004) was an American movie, television, stage, radio, voice actor, writer, movie producer, and comedian. He was known for his roles in "Casio", "Rush Hour 2", "The Anderson Tapes", "Just Tell Me What You Want" and in "Cat's Eye". He is also known for his voice guest-star role as the Don in "Family Guy".

paragraphs: King was born on December 26, 1927 in New York City, New York. He was born to a Jewish family. King was married to Jeanette Sprung from 1947 until his death 2004. King died on May 9, 2004 in New York City, New York from lung cancer, aged 76.


title: Four Freedoms

paragraphs: The Four Freedoms is an important concept of American president Franklin D. Roosevelt. He presented them in the "State of the Union" of January 6, 1941, which is therefore also called the "Four Freedoms Speech".

paragraphs: Roosevelt made the "Four Freedoms" public just eleven months before the American participation at World War II. The concept played an important role in the American propaganda during the war. After Roosevelts death in 1945, his wife Eleanor continued being an important advocate for including the "Four Freedoms" in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

paragraphs: To inspire a greater public for his concept, Roosevelt arranged the creation of the Four Freedoms Monument. The statue was made public in 1943 in New York City. In honor of one of the first Americans to be killed in action in World War II, Colin Kelly, Roosevelt had the statue moved to Kelly's former home in Florida.

paragraphs: In 1943 artist painter Norman Rockwell got inspired by the "Four Freedoms" and made a series of four paintings on this subject. Afterwards, the American authorities made use of these paintings to collect money for the world war.


title: Right to an adequate standard of living

paragraphs: The right to an adequate standard of living is a fundamental human rights. It is part of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights that was accepted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on December 10, 1948.

paragraphs: Furthermore it has been written down in article 11 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, which is a human righs treaty of the United Nations as well.

paragraphs: The predecessor of this right, the "Freedom from Want", is one of the "Four Freedoms" that American President Franklin D. Roosevelt spoke out at his State of the Union of January 6, 1941. According to Roosevelt it is a right every human being everywhere in the world should have. In his speech Roosevelt described his third right as follows:


title: Freedom from fear

paragraphs: Freedom from fear is a fundamental human right. This right was mentioned by American President Franklin D. Roosevelt as one of the "Four Freedoms" human beings everywhere in the world should have. Roosevelt presented the "Four Freedoms" at his State of the Union of January 6, 1941, which therefore has been called the "Four Freedoms Speech" as well.

paragraphs: This right, as well as the other three of the "Four Freedoms" of Roosevelt, makes part of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which was accepted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on December 10, 1948. "Freedom from fear" is written down in the introduction tot the UN Declaration.

paragraphs: In his speech Roosevelt described his fourth right as follows:

paragraphs: In 1943 Norman Rockwell painted his work "Freedom from Fear " which is one of four paintings he made on Roosevelts "Four Freedoms".

paragraphs: Aung San Suu Kyi has named this right many times in speeches and wrote a book with the title "Freedom From Fear" on it in 1991. Historian David M. Kennedy was inspired by the right as well and in 1991 he brought out his book with the title "Freedom From Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929–1945".


title: Port Coquitlam

paragraphs: Port Coquitlam is a city in the Canadian province of British Columbia. The population of Port Coquitlam was 56,342 in 2011. The mayor of Port Coquitlam is Greg Moore. The first European settlement in Port Coquitlam was established in 1859 although the Coast Salish people lived in and around the area first. The city is also nicknamed "PoCo" for short. In 2008, the city was ranked #85 for its murder rate which is for Canadian cities with a population over 50,000.


title: Four Freedoms Monument

paragraphs: The Four Freedoms Monument is a sculpture by Walter Russell. It was in New York City at first and later moved to Florida.

paragraphs: The monument is a symbol for the "Four Freedoms" human beings everywhere in the world should have. This part of his speech has therefore been named the "Four Freedoms Speech" as well. This was before the American participation at World War II. The "Four Freedoms" of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt are the following:

paragraphs: Roosevelt had the monument built with the idea to inspire a greater public for his four freedoms.

paragraphs: The monument was first presented in 1943 in Madison Square Garden in New York City, with the presence of 60,000 people. It was presented in the honor of Colin Kelly, one of the first Americans to be named an American hero of the Second World War. On June 14, 1944, the monument was moved to the former home of Kelly in Madison, Florida.


title: Toomas Hendrik Ilves

paragraphs: Toomas Hendrik Ilves (born 26 December 1953), is an Estonian politician. He was the President of Estonia from 2006 to 2016.

paragraphs: Toomas Hendrik Ilves was born in 26 December 1953, in Stockholm, Sweden.

paragraphs: In 1957 he married his first wife, American psychologist Dr. Merry Bullock, and they had 1 son and 1 daughter. He got married again in 2004, Evelin Int-Lambot and has 1 daughter with her. He was elected on 23 September 2006 and began his term as President on 9 October 2006. Evelin and him were divorced on 30 April 2015. He married his third wife on 2 January 2016, Ieva Ilves. He was re-elected as president on 2011.


title: Nimravides

paragraphs: Nimravides was a prehistoric saber-toothed cat which lived in North America during the middle and late Miocene. Despite its scientific name "Nimravides" does not belong to the Nimravidae, but belongs to the family Felidae.

paragraphs: The earlier species of the genus are smaller and more primitive than the later forms. The tiger-sized "Nimravides catacopsis" resembles the primitive "Machairodus aphanistus", a species known from the late Miocene of Eurasia.


title: Gong Ji-young

paragraphs: Gong Ji-young (; born 31 January 1963 in Seoul) is a South Korean novelist and journalist. Her popular novels are "My Sister Bongsoon" (2002), "Our Happy Time" (2005) and "The Crucible" (2009). She is considered a pioneer of Korean feminism. Since the mid 1990s, she has been considered one of the most eminent Korean female writers. She is gaining in popularity, especially among female readers. Her books have sold more than nine million copies.

paragraphs: In 1985, Gong Ji-Young received her Bachelor's in Arts in Literature from Yonsei University. At that time she worked as a writer at a publishing company and at The Council of Writers for Freedom and Practice, which is now called The Writers Association of Korea (WAK). She has participated in demonstration for Korea's democracy in the 1980s. She was sent to a detention center for joining anti-vote rigging demonstration and decided to become a writer. In 1988, she made a literary debut through her novel "Dawn". In the middle of the 1990s, her novels "Mackerel", "Human Decency" and "Go Alone Like the Rhinoceros' Horn" were on the bestseller list concurrently. In the early 2000s, she sold her novel "My Sister Bongsoon" for almost 1.6 million volumes.

paragraphs: Gong Ji-Young divorced three times and has raised three children. The children's last names are all different. To pay for her children's loans, she made a comeback after seven years and released "Our Happy Time"(2005). The novel was made into a feature film with a total of over four million viewers. After having published "The Crucible" (2009), the novel was made into a feature film (2011) raising public interest in the rights of disabled students. She was awarded the Lee-sang Prize for the 2011 novel "Wander an Alley in Barefoot".

paragraphs: Gong received several awards for her work:


title: Finnair

paragraphs: Finnair is a Finnish airline. The company was established on November 1, 1923. The first flight was in March 1924. Their motto is: "Designed for you" ().

paragraphs: Almost 4470 people worked for Finnair in 2014.


title: Hazara District

paragraphs: Hazara District was an old district of Peshawar Division in the North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan until 1976. It was the most northerly part of the division and covered an area of about . It was a long narrow shape, about wide and about long. It separated Kashmir from the independent areas. The main cities were Abbottabad, Haripur, Mansehra, Nawashahr and Baffa. It is now renamed as the Hazara Division.


title: Washuk District

paragraphs: Washuk District () is a district in the Balochistan province of Pakistan.


title: Bengali nationalism

paragraphs: Bengali nationalism is the political expression of ethno-national consciousness of the Bengali people. These people live in the region of Bengal. The region's territory is divided between Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal.

paragraphs: The Bengali Language Movement and its fallout had created a lot of cultural and political hostility between the two parts of a united Pakistan. Despite making up a majority of the Pakistani population, Bengalis were only a small part of Pakistan's military, police and civil services. Ethnic and socio-economic discrimination against Bengali people in East Pakistan made them angry. Because West Pakistanis were influenced by Perso-Arabic culture, they saw Bengali culture as too closely associated with Hindu culture. One of the first groups demanding the independence of East Pakistan was the Swadhin Bangal Biplobi Parishad (Free Bengal Revolutionary Council).


title: Swadhin Bangal Biplobi Parishad

paragraphs: The Swadhin Bangal Biplobi Parishad was an underground student political group organized in 1961 by Mujibur Rahman, the founder of Bangladesh. The group worked to oppose the military rule of Ayub Khan (Field Marshal). It also worked for more autonomy and the independence of East Pakistan as Bangladesh.


title: Helping hand

paragraphs: A helping hand, also called a third hand is a tool for soldering. It has other uses too. A magnifying glass can be with it. It has adjustable clips to hold wires or other work parts. Benefits include better quality to soldered parts, no risk of burning hands, and easier work.The tool was invented by one William P. Rowing when he attempted to make various parts in his workstation into a pose-able miniature. He originally intended to fashion something that he could set into a fad he had began to show an interest in called: The Dab, however the alligator clamps and the magnifying glass turned out to be perfect for soldering and crafting more delicate pieces.


title: Mini Israel

paragraphs: Mini Israel () is a miniature park located in Ayalon Valley, near Latrun, Israel. The park is in shape of the star of David. It has 385 models over and a small shopping mall and exhibition hall. The park opened in 2002 and was officially opened on April 7, 2003.


title: CNA Center

paragraphs: CNA Center is a 622-ft (189m), 44-story high-rise building at 333 South Wabash Avenue in the Loop of Chicago, Illinois. The building is well known for lighting logos or messages on the front side of the building or for its dark red color. It is the tallest red building in Chicago. Construction began in March 1970. The building was finished in 1972 and was open to the public in 1973.


title: One Prudential Plaza

paragraphs: One Prudential Plaza (or the Prudential Building) is a 41-story structure in Chicago. It was finished in 1955 as the headquarters for Prudential's Mid-America company. The building is known for it's 311 feet antenna. The building is 601 feet (183 m) without the antenna. With the antenne the building is 912 feet (270 m) high. The building and it's "sister" building the Two Prudential Plaza was sold in May 2006 for $470 million dollars. It was the 2012 Obama campaign headquarters for the United States presidential election, 2012.


title: Power line communication

paragraphs: Power line communication (or Powerline communication) uses existing electric power lines to send and receive data. The data signal is modulated and multiplexed over several carrier frequencies. There are different technologies that can be used:


title: Chicago Theatre

paragraphs: The Chicago Theatre is a theatre in Chicago, Illinois where stage plays, magic shows, comedy, speeches, and popular music concerts are held every year. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 6, 1979, and it was listed as a Chicago Landmark on January 28, 1983. The theatre is also known for the bright color lights that light-up the words "Chicago" side to side.


title: Chicago River

paragraphs: The Chicago River is 156 miles long (251 km) and goes through the city of Chicago, Illinois, including the center of the city (the Chicago Loop). The river is not long, but it is known for being the reason why Chicago became an important place, as the connection between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi Valley waterways. The river is the only river in the world to be reversed (which is, made to flow backwards, in the opposite of its natural direction) by civil engineering.

paragraphs: In the 19th century through civil engineering, the flow of the river was reversed to head toward the Mississippi River basin, away from Lake Michigan. This was done for reasons of sanitation through the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal. The Chicago River is also noted for the local custom of dyeing it green on St. Patrick's Day. The river is controlled for boats or ships going through the river.

paragraphs: The river is memorialized, in part, by two horizontal blue stripes on the Municipal Flag of Chicago. The river also serves as inspiration for one of Chicago's symbols: a three-branched, Y-shaped symbol (called the municipal device) is found on many buildings and other structures throughout Chicago; it represents the three branches of the Chicago River.

paragraphs: The Main Stem flows 1.5 miles (2.4 km) west from the direction at Lake Michigan; passing under the Outer Drive, Columbus Drive, Michigan Avenue, Wabash Avenue, State Street, Dearborn Street, Clark Street, La Salle Street, Wells Street, and Franklin Street bridges en route to the North Branch at Wolf Point.

paragraphs: At McClurg Court it passes the Nicholas J Melas Centennial Fountain, which was built in 1989 to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago; between May and October the fountain sends an arc of water over the river for ten minutes every hour.

paragraphs: For the Chicago Cubs rally and parade for their 2016 World Series Championship celebrations, the river was dyed Cubs blue.

paragraphs: On the north bank of the river, near the Chicago Landmark Michigan Avenue Bridge, is Pioneer Court, which marks the site where Jean Baptiste Point du Sable came to Chicago. Point du Sable is known as the founder of Chicago. On the south bank of the river is the site of Fort Dearborn. Well known buildings surrounding this area include the NBC Tower, the Tribune Tower, and the Wrigley Building.

paragraphs: The river turns slightly to the south west between Michigan Avenue and State Street, passing the Trump International Hotel and Tower, 35 East Wacker, and 330 North Wabash. Turning west again the river passes Marina City, the Reid, Murdoch & Co. Building, Merchandise Mart, and 333 Wacker Drive.


title: Multiplexing

paragraphs: Multiplexing is the name for an operation or method which combines several signals into one, before that signal is sent over a telecommunications line. At the other end of the line, the combined signals are "demultiplexed", that is, the combination of the signals is undone. There are different ways how this multiplexing can be done:

paragraphs: Multiplexing was first done for telegraphy in the 1870s, and for telephone lines in 1910. Today, it is widely used.


title: Western Wall

paragraphs: The Western Wall, Wailing Wall or Kotel (, ; ; ) is an ancient wall in the Old City of Jerusalem on the western side of the Temple Mount. According to Jewish tradition this wall is a remnant of the Second Temple in Jerusalem. It is the most holy site for Jews


title: Haifa International Airport

paragraphs: Haifa International Airport (, "") is an international airport in Haifa, Israel. It is located close to Kishon Port and the coast of the Gulf of Haifa. This is the second-largest airport in Israel after Ben Gurion International Airport. The airport is also has flights to the Middle East and Europe.


title: Carolina de Moras

paragraphs: Carolina Andrea de Moras Alvarado (born 24 February 1981 in Osorno) is a Chilean model, actress and television presenter of French origin.


title: Rockefeller Center

paragraphs: Rockefeller Center is a group of buildings covering between 48th and 51st streets in Manhattan, New York City, New York, United States. The buildings connect together underground. An ice-skating rink is located in the middle. Rockefeller Center also has a skyscraper called 30 Rockefeller Plaza.

paragraphs: Rockefeller Center was made by John D. Rockefeller, Jr. during the Great Depression in the 1930s between Fifth Avenue and Sixth Avenue. Construction finished in 1939. It is decorated in Art Deco style. It became a National Historic Place in December 1987. In the 1970s, more buildings were made to the west of Sixth Avenue.


title: Coquitlam

paragraphs: Coquitlam is a large city in the Canadian province of British Columbia. It is part of the Metro Vancouver area. As of 2016, 139,284 people lived there. In 2011, the population was 126,804. Between 2011 and 2016 the population grew by 9.8%. The mayor of Coquitlam is Richard Stewart.

paragraphs: The Coast Salish people occupied the territory for at least 9,000 years before Simon Fraser came through the region in 1808. Europeans settled in Coquitlam during 1859.

paragraphs: The city of Coquitlam was named a "Cultural Capital of Canada" in 2009 by the Department of Canadian Heritage.


title: Transamerica Pyramid

paragraphs: The Transamerica Pyramid is the tallest skyscraper in the San Francisco skyline and one of its most iconic. The building is the headquarters of the Transamerica Corporation, it is still strongly part of the company and is part of the company's logo. Designed by architect William Pereira and built by Hathaway Dinwiddie Construction Company, at 260 m (850 ft). When the building was finished in 1972 it was among the five tallest buildings in the world. The tower has no public access except for the first floor lobby, so this means that visitors cannot go to the top for a skyline view.


title: Jerusalem International Airport

paragraphs: Jerusalem International Airport (or Atarot Airport) was an airport north of Jerusalem, near Ramallah. It was the first airport in the British Mandate of Palestine. It has been closed since the Second Intifada, in 2010.


title: Jorge Zabaleta

paragraphs: Jorge worked in Canal 13 until 2008, when he joined TVN working in Hijos del Monte.


title: 1988 United States presidential election

paragraphs: This election was between Vice President George H. W. Bush (Republican) and Governor of Massachusetts Michael Dukakis (Democratic). Bush capitalized on a good economy, a stable international stage, and on President Ronald Reagan's popularity, running an aggressive campaign. Meanwhile, Dukakis's campaign suffered from several miscues, including failure to defend from Bush's attacks. This allowed Bush to win with a substantial margin of the popular vote; while winning the Electoral College by a landslide. Since the 1988 election, no candidate has managed to equal or surpass Bush's number of electoral votes won or popular vote percentage.

paragraphs: Vice President George H.W. Bush won the election by 426 electoral votes. Governor of Massachusetts Michael Dukakis got 111 electoral votes. Lloyd Bentsen got 1 electoral vote by a West Virginia faithless elector.


title: Jerusalem Light Rail

paragraphs: The Jerusalem Light Rail (, "") is a light rail line in Jerusalem. It was opened in 2011. It began being built in 2002 and was finished in 2010 after many failures and bankruptcy of the construction company. The light rail is famous for Chords Bridge at the western entrance to Jerusalem from Road 1.


title: Radioisotope thermoelectric generator

paragraphs: A radioisotope thermoelectric generator (or RTG) is a type of machine that uses heat from radioactive decay to make electricity. The RTG, powered by a radioisotope heater unit, is used in satellites and sometimes in other remote unmanned systems.


title: Carmelit

paragraphs: The Carmelit () is the first rapid transit rail system in Israel. It opened in 1959 after three years of building. It was closed from 1986 to 1992 for renovations. The metro has only one line, which runs from the sea to Mount Carmel.


title: Jerusalem Historical City Hall Building

paragraphs: The Jerusalem historical town hall is an historical building that used to be the town hall of Jerusalem. It is in Safra Square, next to the walls of the Old City and Jaffa Street. The building was built in 1930 during the time of the British Mandate for Palestine. It was used until 1993, when a new city hall building was opened next to the old one.


title: Norman Rockwell Museum

paragraphs: The Norman Rockwell Museum is a museum in Stockbridge, Massachusetts. Its houses the art and archives of American painter and illustrator Norman Rockwell.

paragraphs: The museum was opened in 1969 in Stockbridge, the town where Rockwell lived the last 25 years of his life. Since 1993 the museum is in the current building that was designed by Robert Arthur Morton Stern.

paragraphs: The museum owns 574 original artworks by Rockwell. The museum also owns the Rockwell archives with more than 100.000 items including photographs, fan mail, and business documents.

paragraphs: In 2008, the museum received the National Humanities Medal from the National Endowment for the Humanities.

paragraphs: Series of Rockwell paintings from 1943 called the "Four Freedoms". Rockwell was inspired by the 1941 "Four Freedoms Speech" of American President Franklin Delano Roosevelt.


title: Freedom of Speech (Norman Rockwell)

paragraphs: Freedom of Speech is a painting of Norman Rockwell and is one of his series of four paintings called the "Four Freedoms". Rockwell was inspired to make these paintings since he heard the "Four Freedoms Speech" of American President Franklin D. Roosevelt of January 6, 1941.

paragraphs: This painting was made public in "The Saturday Evening Post" of February 20, 1943, along with an essay of Booth Tarkington. The other paintings of the "Four Freedoms" series are "Freedom of Worship", "Freedom from Want" and "Freedom from Fear", and were shown in other editions of the paper.

paragraphs: In this painting he shows a local meeting where one person speaks out his own, opposite opinion, while the others present give him the freedom of speech as a matter of protocol. Rockwell undertook four efforts to end up with this painting. He took Vermont neighbors as models for his series.

paragraphs: Rockwell needed four attempts to end up with this version of the painting. In former versions he found that the attention was confused because he had used to many objects. Furthermore he did not like the place of the main person in the picture.

paragraphs: The paintings toured through the United States with the motto "Buy War Bonds". All together 1.2 million Americans saw the paintings and 132 million dollar was collected to be used in World War II.

paragraphs: The painting can be found in the Norman Rockwell Museum in Stockbridge, Massachusetts.


title: Freedom of Worship (Norman Rockwell)

paragraphs: Freedom of Worship is a painting of Norman Rockwell and is one of his series of four paintings called the "Four Freedoms". Rockwell was inspired to make these paintings since he heard the "Four Freedoms Speech" of American President Franklin D. Roosevelt of January 6, 1941.

paragraphs: This painting was made public in "The Saturday Evening Post" of February 27, 1943, along with an essay of Will Durant. The other paintings of the "Four Freedoms" series are "Freedom of Speech", "Freedom from Want" and "Freedom from Fear", and were shown in other editions of the paper.it is a very good pintor(norman Rockwell)

paragraphs: Rockwell needed various attempts to end up with this version of the painting. Former versions showed a number of customers in a barbershop, all with another religious and racial background. He found it to be difficult to make clear images that showed how a person of a certain religion looks like. He finally chose a neutral location where people of different race worship in their own religion. He took Vermont neighbors as models for his series.


title: Freedom from Want (Norman Rockwell)

paragraphs: Freedom from Want is a painting by Norman Rockwell and is one of his series of four paintings called the "Four Freedoms". Rockwell was inspired to make these paintings since he heard the "Four Freedoms Speech" of American President Franklin D. Roosevelt of January 6, 1941.

paragraphs: This painting was made public in "The Saturday Evening Post" of March 6, 1943, along with an essay of Carlos Bulosan. The other paintings of the "Four Freedoms" series are "Freedom of Speech", "Freedom of Worship" and "Freedom from Fear", and were shown in other editions of the paper.

paragraphs: The painting shows a classical American family at Thanksgiving when a turkey is served during a meal. He took Vermont neighbors as models for his series.

paragraphs: Rockwell wanted to portray a family within a theme of continuity, virtue, homeliness and abundance without extravagance, as confirmed by water as the modest beverage choice. Outside the United States though, the images was explained as an expression of American overabundance.

paragraphs: There have been made many parodies of the painting. New York painter Frank Moore (1953-2002) made a painting in 1994 with Americans of different human race with the title "Freedom to Share", whilst the turkey plate is full with medicines. Of Moore's painting have been made parodies as well.

paragraphs: Walt Disney has made a well known parody with Mickey and Minnie Mouse and several other Disney figures at the table. Furthermore the image has been used for many advertising goals, political campaigns and picture postcards.


title: Freedom from Fear (Norman Rockwell)

paragraphs: Freedom from Fear is a painting of Norman Rockwell and is one of his series of four paintings called the "Four Freedoms". Rockwell was inspired to make these paintings since he heard the "Four Freedoms Speech" of American President Franklin D. Roosevelt of January 6, 1941.

paragraphs: This painting was made public in "The Saturday Evening Post" of March 13, 1943, along with an essay of Stephen Vincent Benét. The other paintings of the "Four Freedoms" series are "Freedom of Speech", "Freedom of Worship" and "Freedom from Want", and were shown in other editions of the paper.

paragraphs: The painting portrays children laying in bed, a mother tucking them in and a father watching with a newspaper in his hand, telling the stories of the war with the headlines ""Bombings Kill... Horrors Hit..."". The children are free from fearing these horrors of the war. He took Vermont neighbors as models for his series.

paragraphs: This painting is the only one in the "Four Freedoms" series he had not specially painted for this subject. He first made it to illustrate the Battle of Britain of 1940. He did not want it to be published though, because he distasted the idea that American children were resting safely in their beds as Europe burned.


title: Frank O. Salisbury

paragraphs: Frank O. Salisbury was an English artist painter and designer of stained glass.

paragraphs: Salisbury was born in on December 18, 1874, in Harpenden, Hertfordshire, as a son of a plumber and glazier. He learned the art of stained glass in the workshop of his brother in St Albans.

paragraphs: A visit to the London Drawing Academy woke up his interest for painting. He won a scholarship when he was 18 years old and so he was able to study at the Royal Academy of Arts in London from 1892 to 1897. In between he went on a scholarship to Italy where he was impressed by the fresco's of the Renaissance. This trip shaped his taste for pageant scenes.

paragraphs: On the Royal Academy he won several medals. He also returned there several times with expositions.

paragraphs: Salisbury made many murals in buildings, especially in London. He also painted many religious works and illustrations of historical events. He was well known for his portraits, especially of famous people like five British prime ministers, five American presidents and several others like Benito Mussolini when he visited Italy in 1934. His portraits were painted in a traditional style.

paragraphs: Salisbury died on August 31, 1962, in Hampstead, London, when he was 87 years old.


title: Óscar Romero

paragraphs: Saint Óscar the Romero y Galdámez (15 August 1917 – 24 March 1980) was a bishop of the Catholic Church in El Salvador. He became the fourth Archbishop of San Salvador when he took over Luis Chávez. He was assassinated on 24 March 1980.


title: Umeå

paragraphs: Umeå is a town in northern Sweden. The town is known for the large number of birch trees. About 116,465 people were living in Umeå Municipality in late 2011.

paragraphs: The town had to recover from a very large fire in 1888.

paragraphs: Umeå is the biggest city in Norrland, the most northern region of Sweden since 1962. The town had about 80,000 people living there in 2010. The town opened a university in 1965. In the last 50 years the number of houses has doubled. About 700 buildings are built every year.

paragraphs: The city was elected European Capital of Culture in 2014. The city is the most norhtern location to have ever been a European city of culture. The city is partnering with a large number of voluntary organisations and the concept of open source

paragraphs: Umeå became a city in 1622. The King of Sweden, Gustavus Adolphus, made the new city for Swedish merchants. He made the merchants to move north so that taxes could be increased. The city was burnt by Russian troops in 1714 and then again in 1720. In 1809 the city was briefly occupied again by the Russian army before peace was agreed. In 1888 the great fire destroyed the homes of over 2,000 people. The fire started in a brewery and destroyed part of the city including the shipyards at Teg and buildings on the island of Ön. Less than 1,000 of the people had a house after the fire. After the fire the town was rebuilt and many new birch trees were planted to stop future fires. The town is known for these trees.

paragraphs: In 1951 the city's library was recognised as important for northern Sweden. The library has a copy of every new book printed in Sweden. In 1962 the city opened its first airport. Umeå has been the biggest city in the most northern region of Sweden since 1962. Before 1962 the largest city was Sundsvall.


title: Billy Wara

paragraphs: Billy Wara (c. 1920 – November 2008) was an Australian Aboriginal craftsman who made wooden sculptures. He is best known for his sculptures of goannas, made from wood that is native to the central Australian desert. His sculptures were carved by hand and decorated by burning patterns into the wood. He also crafted traditional hunting tools, such as spears and spear-throwers.

paragraphs: Wara was born at Aṟan, in the south-west of the Northern Territory. He and his family were Pitjantjatjara. They lived a traditional nomadic way of life in the bush until Wara was a young man. The first "whitefella" he ever saw was Harold Lasseter, a gold prospector whose story later became an Australian legend. Wara was about 12 years old at the time, and thought Lasseter was a ghost. A portrait of him giving figs to Lasseter features in Winifred Hilliard's book "The People In Between" (1968).

paragraphs: When he was a young man, Wara and his family settled at Ernabella, a Presbyterian mission at the time. He worked building fences, digging wells, and as a shepherd and sheep shearer. Later, he served as an advisor for the Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park on environmental and cultural issues. He began carving wooden sculptures shortly after Maṟuku Arts and Crafts opened in 1984. He originally made his sculptures at Muṯitjulu, in the national park. He later set up an outstation at Umutju, further south, so that he could work closer to his homelands.

paragraphs: Although he crafted other things, Wara was best known for his wooden sculptures ("" in Pitjantjatjara). He carved them by hand and burned designs into them with a hot wire stick (this is called pyrography). His sculptures are of the perentie lizard, a type of goanna from central Australia which is also Wara's totem.

paragraphs: His depictions of the perentie are taken from his , a set of beliefs about his spiritual ancestor, the and their activities which shaped the land and its people during the Dreamtime. The forms his family's sacred law, and the law associated with Wara's place of birth, Aṟan. Most of the knowledge of is restricted to its senior custodians. Wara tells that fled from the east with a stolen grindstone hidden in his tail. The men chasing after him caught up with him at Aṟan and searched his stomach for the stone, but could not find it.

paragraphs: Wara's work has been shown in several exhibitions, both in Australia and other countries. His sculptures are held in the Powerhouse Museum, the Museum of Victoria, the National Gallery of Australia, and the National Museum of Australia. It is also part of the National Museum of Ethnology in Japan, and the Kelton Foundation in the United States.


title: Jämsä

paragraphs: Jämsä (in the local dialect, "Jämpsä") is a town and municipality in Central Finland. It is 223 km from Helsinki, and 58 km from Jyväskylä. There were about 22,125 people living there in January 2014. Jämsä municipality was established in 1866. It is next to the municipalities of Juupajoki, Jyväskylä, Keuruu, Kuhmoinen, Luhanka, Mänttä-Vilppula, Orivesi and Petäjävesi. Isojärvi National Park, a popular hiking place, is near to Jämsä.


title: Kiyoshi Muranaga

paragraphs: Kiyoshi K. Muranaga (February 16, 1922-June 26, 1944) was a United States Army soldier. He received the Medal of Honor because of his actions in World War II.

paragraphs: Muranaga was born in California to Japanese immigrant parents. He is a "Nisei", which means that he is a second generation Japanese-American.

paragraphs: He was interned with his family at the Granada War Relocation Center in Colorado.

paragraphs: Muranaga joined the US Army in May 1943.

paragraphs: Muranaga volunteered to be part of the all-"Nisei" 442nd Regimental Combat Team. This army unit was mostly made up of Japanese Americans from Hawaii and the mainland.

paragraphs: For his actions in June 1944, Muranaga was awarded the Army's second-highest decoration, the Distinguished Service Cross (DSC). In the 1990s, there was a review of service records of Asian Americans who received the DSC during World War II. Muranaga's award was upgraded to the Medal of Honor. In a ceremony at the White House on June 21, 2000, his family was presented with his medal by President Bill Clinton. Twenty-one other Asian Americans also received the medal during the ceremony, but only seven of them were still alive. Without help from others, he engaged an artillery gun using a mortar.

paragraphs: Muranaga's Medal of Honor recognized his conduct in fighting in central Italy in 1944.

paragraphs: On June 26, 1944, Muranaga was in charge of shooting his squad's mortar weapon. He was trying to destroy an enemy artillery gun. Muranaga was able to fire three shells before being killed.

paragraphs: The words of Muranaga's citation explain:

paragraphs: Private First Class Kiyoshi K. Muranaga distinguished himself by extraordinary heroism in action on 26 June 1944, near Suvereto, Italy. Private First Class Muranaga's company encountered a strong enemy force in commanding positions and with superior firepower. An enemy 88mm self-propelled gun opened direct fire on the company, causing the men to disperse and seek cover. Private First Class Muranaga's mortar squad was ordered to action, but the terrain made it impossible to set up their weapons. The squad leader, realizing the vulnerability of the mortar position, moved his men away from the gun to positions of relative safety. Because of the heavy casualties being inflicted on his company, Private First Class Muranaga, who was a gunner, attempted to neutralize the 88mm weapon alone. Voluntarily remaining at his gun position, Private First Class Muranaga manned the mortar himself and opened fire on the enemy gun at a range of approximately 400 yards. With his third round, he was able to correct his fire so that the shell landed directly in front of the enemy gun. Meanwhile, the enemy crew, immediately aware of the source of mortar fire, turned their 88mm weapon directly on Private First Class Muranaga's position. Before Private First Class Muranaga could fire a fourth round, an 88mm shell scored a direct hit on his position, killing him instantly. Because of the accuracy of Private First Class Muranaga's previous fire, the enemy soldiers decided not to risk further exposure and immediately abandoned their position. Private First Class Muranaga's extraordinary heroism and devotion to duty are in keeping with the highest traditions of military service and reflect great credit on him, his unit, and the United States Army.


title: Audio feedback

paragraphs: Audio feedback is typically unwanted noise that occurs when an audio system oscillates. It often happens when microphones are pointed at loudspeakers. There are ways to avoid or reduce feedback, such as with equalization or reducing the room's echo.


title: Werner Leich

paragraphs: Werner Leich (born January 31, 1927 in Mühlhausen) is a Protestant clergyman. From 1978 to 1992 he was the bishop of the Evangelical Church in Thuringia, for the greater part during the era of the German Democratic Republic.

paragraphs: From 1942 to 1945 Leich was a voluntary member of the German Luftwaffe with the rank of Fahnenjunker. He volunteered to ""battle for the salvation of Germany"". After World War II he finished his school and from 1947 he started studying theology at the University of Marburg and Heidelberg University.

paragraphs: In 1951 he started his career as a clergyman. A year later he married Trautel, with whom he has a son and daughter. Since 1960 he was a member of the Synod of the Evangelical Church. He was vice-president of the synod from 1967 to 1978 and bishop of the state of Thuringia from 1978 to 1992. In that year he retired.

paragraphs: During a lot of his career, he had to deal with being able to worship God in an environment of anti-religious communism. He described it as "a lot of times we did hide being Christians".


title: Eohippus

paragraphs: Eohippus is small fossil proto-horse. It is an extinct genus of small equid ungulates. The only species is "E. angustidens", which was long considered a species of "Hyracotherium". Its remains have been found in North America and date to the early Eocene (4856 million years ago).

paragraphs: Much of the evolution of the horse took place in North America. That is where horses originated, but became extinct there about 10,000 years ago.


title: Emiel van Lennep

paragraphs: Emile (Emiel) van Lennep was a Dutch official ("treasurer general"), diplomat and Minister of State.

paragraphs: Van Lennep was born in Amsterdam on 20 January 1915, as a son of Louis Henri van Lennep and Catharina Hildegonda Enschede. He studied law from 1932 to 1937 at the Municipal University of Amsterdam.

paragraphs: From 1951 to 1969 he was the highest official of the Dutch Ministry of Finance. From 1969 to 1984 he was secretary general of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). At the OECD Van Lennep is remembered for making the organization a more effective forum for international cooperation. In the seventies he was named several times to be a candidate for a post in the government of the Netherlands, but he did not want to be a politician. After his career at the OECD he was appointed to be Minister of State from 1986 until his death in 1996.

paragraphs: He was married with met Alexa Labberton and they had two sons and two daughters. In 1990 he was rewarded with a Four Freedoms Award in the category "freedom from want". Van Lennep died on October 2, 1996, when he was 81 years old.


title: Tubuai

paragraphs: Tubuai is the name for a group of islands in the Pacific. The island of Tubuai is about 640 km south of Tahiti. It is part of the Austral Islands, which belong to French Polynesia. Slightly over 2.000 people live on an area of about 45 square kilometers. James Cook discovered the island in 1777, but saw no reason to land there. The natives looked hostile. Fletcher Christian landed there in 1789. They founded Fort George on the island, but soon left, because of troubles with the natives.


title: Christ's College, Cambridge

paragraphs: Christ's College is one of the colleges of the University of Cambridge, England. It was built in 1347 with the name "God House". Then in 1505 Lady Margaret Beaufort, the mother of King Henry VII, gave some money to make the college much bigger. She also changed the name to Christ's College.

paragraphs: Christ's College has about 600 students. It has a tradition to do very well in the exams: it was the best college in the 20 years period from 1980 to 2000.

paragraphs: Some very famous people have studied here, for example Charles Darwin and John Milton.


title: National Geographic Bee

paragraphs: The National Geographic Bee is a nation-wide event that tests students' knowledge about geography. It takes place every year in the United States.


title: Science Daily

paragraphs: Science Daily is a news website. It publishes articles about new science and technology discoveries.


title: Limbdi

paragraphs: Limbdi is a city in Surendranagar district in India. It is in the state of Gujarat.


paragraphs: The Shanghai Urban Planning Exhibition Center () is an Exhibition Center and Museum on People's Square in Shanghai, China. It is dedicated to the history of the architecture and urban planning of Shanghai. The center also introduced exhibitions in Expo 2010.


title: Shchusev State Museum of Architecture

paragraphs: The Shchusev State Museum of Architecture is a museum in Moscow, Russia. The museum is dedicated to architecture and urban planning in Russia. It is the largest architecture museum in Russia. It includes an archive, library, and study center. The museum was opened in 1934. It is named for Soviet architect Alexey Shchusev.


title: Cable cars in Haifa

paragraphs: Cable cars in Haifa go from Mount Carmel to the Mediterranean beaches. In 2007 the City Hall of Haifa decided to extend the line to the University of Haifa and open a new line from Mount Carmel to Haifa Bay. The new projects will involve building a new central bus station and new bus routes across the city. The project is still in construction.


title: Earl Scruggs

paragraphs: Earl Eugene Scruggs (January 6, 1924 – March 28, 2012) was an American musician. He was known for playing a banjo in bluegrass. Playing the banjo in bluegrass is now known as "Scruggs Style". He is known for his songs such as "Dueling Banjos", "Foggy Mountain Breakdown", "Earl's Breakdown", "The Swimming Song", and in "Fireball Mail". He won four Grammy Awards.

paragraphs: Scruggs was born on January 6, 1924 in Flint Hill, North Carolina. He was raised in Shelby, North Carolina. Scruggs was married to Louise Certain from 1948 until her death in 2006. They had two sons. Scruggs died on March 28, 2012 in Nashville, Tennessee from natural causes, aged 88.


title: Jenni Rivera

paragraphs: Jenni Rivera (Jenni Dolores Rivera Saavedra), July 12, 1969 – December 9, 2012) was an Mexican-American singer who is known for her spanish albums such as "La Gran Señora", "Jenni", "Parrandera", "Rebelde Y Atrevida", and "Tema Eva Luna". She was nominated for four Latin Grammys.

paragraphs: Rivera was born on July 2,1969 in Long Beach, California Her parents were Mexican immigrants. She was raised in Bellflower is cities Los Angeles County, California.She wanted raise new learning;)

paragraphs: Mayfair High School is a high-middle schools in the Bellflower Unified

paragraphs: School District in the city of Lakewood, California.

paragraphs: Rivera married José Trinidad Marín from 1984 until they divorced in 1992. After this, she married Juan López from 1997 until in 2003. Finally,she married Esteban Loaiza in 2010 and they separated in 2012. They filed for divorce, but the divorced was not finalized due to her death. Rivera had three children with Marín and had two children with López.

paragraphs: On December 9, 2012, a plane that Rivera was flying in lost contact to air traffic control off the coast of Monterrey, Mexico. Mexican authorities confirmed that Rivera and four other people that were on the plane were dead.


title: Elisabeth Murdoch

paragraphs: Dame Elisabeth Joy Murdoch (née Elisabeth Joy Greene, 8 February 1909 – 5 December 2012) was an Australian philanthropist. She was the widow of Keith Murdoch and the mother of Rupert Murdoch.

paragraphs: She became a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1963 for her charity work in Australia and overseas.

paragraphs: Murdoch was born on 8 February 1909 in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. She studied at St Catherine's School and at the Clyde School.

paragraphs: Murdoch was married to Keith Murdoch from 1928 until his death in 1952. They had four children, the eldest of whom died before her. Murdoch died on 5 December 2012 in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia from natural causes, aged 103.


title: Hole (band)

paragraphs: Hole was an American rock band. The band started in 1989 in Los Angeles, California and ended in 2002. In 2009, the band got back together with new members but broke up in 2012. The last members of the band were singer Courtney Love, guitarist Micko Larkin, bassist Shawn Dailey and drummer Scott Lipps.

paragraphs: Hole released four studio albums. The band's first album, "Pretty on the Inside", was released in 1991 but was not very successful. After the album was released, the band's members changed but Love and Eric Erlandson, the original guitarist, stayed with the band. When Kristen Pfaff and Patty Schemel joined the band, Hole released their second album, "Live Through This", in 1994. The album was very successful and entered the "Billboard" music chart. The band changed their members again in 1998 and Melissa Auf der Maur and Samantha Maloney joined the band. Hole released "Celebrity Skin" in 1998 and it is their most popular album. The band tried to make another album but broke up in 2002.

paragraphs: In 2009, Courtney Love started Hole again with new members. Some of the old members of Hole did not agree with this and there were legal issues with the band's name. Later, the old members allowed Love to use the name. In 2010, the band released its next album "Nobody's Daughter" but the album was not successful. After touring around the world, the band broke up in 2012 because Love wanted to work on her solo career.

paragraphs: In 2014 Coutney Love, Eric Erlandson, Melissa Auf Der Maur, and Patty Schemel started playing together again.

paragraphs: Hole began in summer 1989 in Los Angeles, California. Courtney Love put an advertisement in a magazine called "The Recycler" and said she wanted to start a band. In the ad, she said her favorite bands were Big Black, Sonic Youth and Fleetwood Mac. Eric Erlandson phoned Love when he saw the advertisement and the band began rehearsing in August. Love became the singer and second guitarist and Erlandson became the lead guitarist. Love and Erlandson got Love's friend Lisa Roberts to become the bassist for Hole and found a drummer called Caroline Rue at another punk rock show. The band had two other guitar players, Mike Geisbrecht and Errol Stewart, but both of them left the band soon after. The band played their first show in September at Raji's, a small club in Hollywood, and played three more shows in California in 1989.

paragraphs: After a lot of shows on the West Coast, Hole signed to the indie record label Sympathy for the Record Industry in 1990. In April 1990, Hole released their first single, "Retard Girl." The single was not popular but was played on the radio in the United States and the United Kingdom: on KROQ-FM in Los Angeles and BBC Radio 1 in London. During a tour in March 1991, the band released a second single, "Dicknail", on Sub Pop, the grunge label in Seattle, Washington and then released their first album "Pretty on the Inside" in August. The album was produced by Kim Gordon of Sonic Youth and Sonic Youth's early music influenced the album. Hole switched record labels again and they chose to be on Caroline Records. "Pretty on the Inside" and was very successful in the United Kingdom. In the UK Albums Chart, it went to number 59 and the single "Teenage Whore" went to number 1 on the UK Indie Chart. During the tour of Europe to support the album's release, Courtney Love started a relationship with Kurt Cobain of Nirvana. In February 1992, the couple got married in Hawaii. Just before they got married, Jill Emery and Caroline Rue left the band because they wanted to play different styles of music. Hole then signed a major label recording contract with DGC and Geffen Records. The record deal was worth over $3 million.

paragraphs: In 1993, Hole released a new single "Beautiful Son." Patty Schemel was the new drummer for the band and played on all of the songs. Before the band went on tour, they got Kristen Pfaff as a new bassist. The band then took a small break in July to work on new songs for their next album.

paragraphs: In 1993, Hole moved to Carnation, Washington to write songs for their next album. In October, the band went to Marietta, Georgia and began recording the album. The recording was finished in a month and was produced by Paul Q. Kolderie and Sean Slade. The album was called "Live Through This" and was released on April 12, 1994. Four days before it was released, Courtney Love's husband was found dead in Seattle. He had killed himself and all of the band members did not want to go on tour. In June, Kristen Pfaff died after a drug overdose and the band had to cancel more shows. Hole got Melissa Auf der Maur as a new bassist before the tour for "Live Through This".

paragraphs: "Live Through This" was very popular. The music critics gave the album very good ratings and the album went to number 52 on the "Billboard" music chart and number 13 in the UK Albums Chart. It also went onto the charts in Australia, Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands and Sweden. "Miss World", "Doll Parts", "Violet" and "Softer, Softest" were released as singles and were played a lot on American modern rock radio. The music videos for the songs were played a lot on MTV aswell. The album went platinum in Australia, Canada and the United States, and sold over two million copies around the world. The tours for the album were very dramatic—Courtney Love smashed guitars onstage and people at concerts threw gun shells onstage, reminding her about the death of her husband.

paragraphs: Hole's band members went to work on different projects in 1996. Love began acting again and got a lead role in "The People vs. Larry Flynt" and the other members worked with other musicians. In 1998, Hole released "Celebrity Skin". The album had a different sound to the band's two other albums and was influenced by powerpop music. During the album's recording sessions, Patty Schemel was replaced by a different drummer and later left the band. She was replaced by Samantha Maloney for the "Celebrity Skin" tour.

paragraphs: "Celebrity Skin" was successful and the title song reached number 1 on the "Billboard" Modern Rock Tracks chart, making it Hole's most popular single. The album went to number 9 on the "Billboard" 200 and number 11 on the UK Albums Chart. Music critics called the album "sprung, flung and fun, high-impact, rock-fueled pop." Two mores singles were taken from "Celebrity Skin", "Malibu" and "Awful", and both went into the charts. The album has sold more than 1.4 million copies in the United States and has gone platinum in the U.S and Canada, and double platinum in Australia.

paragraphs: In October 1999, Melissa Auf der Maur left Hole and went on be a touring bassist for The Smashing Pumpkins. Samantha Maloney quit to become a tour drummer for Mötley Crüe soon after. Love and Erlandson were the only members left in the band. The band's last release was a single for the 1999 film "Any Given Sunday" called "Be a Man." It was released as a single in March 2000 but failed to make it into the charts. Hole tried to record a fourth album but broke up in May 2002. Talking about the break-up, Love said "Eric has been an important part of my family for over ten years and he'll continue to be a part of my life" and Erlandson said "we're incredibly proud of the music we've made together, but it seems like time for both of us to move on."

paragraphs: Music magazine "NME" announced in June 2009 that Courtney Love was reforming Hole with new members. Love said that Melissa Auf der Maur would come back as a bassist and Micko Larkin was the band's new guitarist. A small tour of Europe was planned with shows in London, Milan and Amsterdam but Auf der Maur said that she was not involved in the reunion. Original guitarist Eric Erlandson also said that no reunion could happen because he and Love had a contract when the band broke up in 2002. Love and Erlandson tried to settle the dispute but did not come to an agreement.

paragraphs: Even though there were legal problems, Hole released "Nobody's Daughter" in April 2010. The album included two new members, bassist Shawn Dailey and drummer Stu Fisher, and had three singles singles—"Skinny Little Bitch", "Pacific Coast Highway" and "Letter to God." Music critics did not give the album good reviews and it did not sell well. It reached number 15 on the "Billboard" 200 chart but quickly fell off the chart. The band went on a worldwide tour after the release of "Nobody's Daughter". A music video for "Samantha", a song from the album, was released in May 2011.

paragraphs: Love, Erlandson, Auf der Maur and Patty Schemel went to the premiere of Schemel's film "Hit So Hard: The Life and Near-Death Story of Patty Schemel" at the Museum of Modern Art in New York on March 28, 2011. After the film, Schemel said she wanted Hole to record again but Love said "if it's not moving forward, I don't want to do it." The four members reunited again at the Public Assembly in New York on April 13, 2012. The band performed two songs—"Miss World" and "Over the Edge"—and was the first time the four members were together live since 1995.

paragraphs: In a Twitter post for her clothing line, Never the Bride, on November 29, 2010, Courtney Love announced that Hole had broken up. She said "from now on [the band is called Courtney]" and "Hole is dead." During an interview with "Rolling Stone", Love said she was continuing as a solo artist and was releasing a new single, "This is War", in February 2013.


title: Churchill College, Cambridge

paragraphs: Churchill College is one of the colleges of the University of Cambridge, England. In 1958 a group of people was formed to get money to build a new college. This group had Winston Churchill as leader, so the college was named after him. It opened in 1960. Churchill College has more than 700 students, one of the biggest. Many of them study a science subject.

paragraphs: Churchill College was the first college in Cambridge to allow female students. This happened in 1972.


title: Statler and Waldorf

paragraphs: Statler and Waldorf are a pair of Muppet characters. They are two grumpy old men who fight and laugh at mean things on their balcony. They both appeared in all "The Muppet Show" episodes except for one in which Statler did not appeared because he was sick, so Waldorf appaered with his wife who looks like Statler in a dress. Statler and Walldorf are named after two important hotels in New York City. They are mostly known for appearing as Marley and Marley in "The Muppet Christmas Carol".

paragraphs: Statler is an old man who wears a black and blue suit. Waldorf has a mustache and wears a brown suit. Statler was originally performed by Jerry Nelson and Richard Hunt, and now is performed by Steve Whitmire. Waldorf was originally performed by Jim Henson and is now performed by Dave Goelz.


title: The Muppet Christmas Carol

paragraphs: The Muppet Christmas Carol is a 1992 American musical-comedy movie based on Charles Dickens' "A Christmas Carol". This was the first movie made after Jim Henson died.

paragraphs: The musical movie features the Muppets and Michael Caine as Ebenezer Scrooge. The songs were written by Paul Williams. Kermit the Frog starred as Bob Cratchit, Miss Piggy as Mrs. Cratchit, Gonzo the Great as Charles Dickens, Fozzie Bear as Fozziwig, Rizzo the Rat as himself, and Statler and Waldorf as Robert Marley and Jacob Marley.


title: Nurzhol Boulevard

paragraphs: Nurzhol Boulevard (, formerly known as "сулы-нулы бульвар" Green Water Boulevard) is the national boulevard of Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan. The boulevard is a pedestrian area. It is in the new business and administrative centre of Nur-Sultan. It runs from the President's residence Ak Orda to the Khan Shatyr Entertainment Centre. The Bayterek is in Nurzhol boulevard. It is one of Nur-Sultans best-known buildings.


title: Jerusalem City Hall

paragraphs: Jerusalem City Hall is a building complex housing the city hall of Jerusalem. It is in Safra Square. The complex was built beside the old city hall on a corner of Jaffa Street between the Old City and the Russian Compound. In 1950, The Israeli municipal government in Jerusalem decided to build a new building for the city hall. After many proposed architectural plans, the final plan was decided on in 1986. Construction began in 1988, and a ceremony for the establishment of the new municipality was done in the old city hall. In 1993, the new municipal complex was opened by mayor Teddy Kollek and heads of state.


title: Clare College, Cambridge

paragraphs: Clare College is one of the colleges of the University of Cambridge, England. It opened in 1326, so it is the second oldest. Its first name was University Hall but it was changed to Clare Hall in 1338. This was because Elizabeth de Clare, granddaughter of Edward I, gave money to the college. In 1856 it changed name again to its current one.

paragraphs: The college building is next to King's College. It goes across the river Cam with a famous bridge which has fourteen spherical stones on it. One of the stones is missing a bit: there are many legends used to explain this fact. The bridge is the oldest on the river. Across the bridge there is a big and beautiful garden, which is usually only open to the Fellows (university teachers).

paragraphs: Very important people have studied here, like David Attenborough, Andrew Wiles, Charles Cornwallis and Thomas Pelham-Holles.


title: 1972 United States presidential election

paragraphs: This election was between United States President Richard Nixon and Senator of South Dakota George McGovern. Richard Nixon won the election by a landslide (winning 49 of 50 states). George McGovern got 17 electoral votes. John Hospers got one electoral vote by a Virginia faithless elector.

paragraphs: This was the highest of any Republican nominee as a vote, as well as a highest electoral vote in a United States election until Ronald Reagan was re-elected in 1984 by a huge landslide.

paragraphs: George Wallace, governor of Alabama was shot by a what would be assassin during the election.

paragraphs: George McGovern's running mate changed from Thomas Eagleton to Sargent Shriver because Eagleton had problems about his psychiatric before.

paragraphs: This election occurred during the Watergate scandal.

paragraphs: 15 people declared their candidacy for the Democratic Party nomination. They were:


title: The McGuire Sisters

paragraphs: The McGuire Sisters were a group of three American girls originally from Ohio: Christine, Dorothy and Phyllis McGuire. This trio began around 1952 and went on until 1968, during which time the group had many popular hit songs, "Sincerely" and "Sugartime", the earlier of which was in 1954 and the latter during 1958. The group were sometimes compared to the Andrews Sisters due to their sometimes similar singing style and behavior.

paragraphs: The group was composed of three sisters:


title: Hasmonean dynasty

paragraphs: The Hasmonean dynasty was a family that led the Hasmoneans led the Maccabean Revolt and transformed Judah from a Seleucid possession that was becoming more Greek-like into an independent, Jewish nation-state. The Hasmoneans expanded Judah through conquest.

paragraphs: After the Salome Alexandra's death in 67 B.C., Salome's sons Hyrcanus II, who was backed by Antipater (the father of Herod the Great), and Aristobulus II fought for control of the Judah. The Roman Pompey entered the conflict on Hyrcanus' side. Aristobulus surrendered to the Romans and was sent to Rome, where he was later murdered.

paragraphs: In 40 B.C., the Parthian Empire and Aristobulus' son Antigonus II invaded Judah and captured Hyrcanus. The Romans then proclaimed Antipater's son Herod king of Judea. The Romans defeated the Parthians and captured and killed Antigonus, the last ruler of the Hasmonean dynasty.


title: Rizzo the Rat

paragraphs: Rizzo the Rat is a Muppet, who was voiced by Steve Whitmire. He was first in "The Muppet Show". He is known for being in a double act with Gonzo the Great. Rizzo is a rat with a New Jersey accent.


title: Penola Catholic College

paragraphs: Penola Catholic College is a regional Catholic secondary college in the north-western region of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The college is co-educational, and teaches years 9 to 12 (students aged roughly 15 to 18). The school follows the Josephite tradition (love, understanding and acceptance of others).

paragraphs: Penola Catholic College was established in 1995 and is set on 27 acres over two campuses. Three former schools were combined into two campuses, Sancta Sophia College at Glenroy and Therry and Geoghegan Colleges at Broadmeadows. The College name, Penola Catholic College, was chosen for the strong connection between Broadmeadows campus with Saint Mary MacKillop Sisters of St Joseph who established a foundling home on the site in 1901. Mary MacKillop opened her first school in 1866 in the small town of Penola, in the southeastern part of South Australia. Together with Fr Julian Tenison Woods, Mary MacKillop founded the order of the Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart. From 1901 until the late 1980s, the Sisters of St Joseph ministered to the local community and lived on this site.

paragraphs: The tree trunk on the emblem represents the cross and points to the life of Christ and is a model for the members of Penola Catholic College. The three Colleges from which Penola Catholic College has sprung is represented by the three leaves. The three leaves also symbolize the spiritual, physical and intellectual growth potential of members of the College. The tree also reminds us of the Penola, or the native aboriginal origin. The name Penola gives a unifying feeling of security, protection and care for its members.

paragraphs: The Association of Canonical Administrators of Penola Catholic College is governed and conducted by the Parish Priests of the Member Parishes.

paragraphs: The current members of the College Board are as follows:

paragraphs: The grounds and facilities on both campuses have undergone significant transformations since the college was established in 1995.

paragraphs: The College will continue to guide this development in the years ahead using the Building Master Plan they have in place. A Performing Arts Centre, Digital Language Laboratory and Hospitality Centre on the Broadmeadows Campus are just a few recent additions to the College. There are also refurbished classrooms and outdoor sporting facilities. The Glenroy campus is undergoing a refurbishing program including a new outdoor recreation facility that was constructed recently. The Broadmeadows site has many historical buildings including the original homestead “Kerrsland” that was constructed in 1880. There are some buildings that still stand from St. Joseph’s Babies Home including the magnificent St. Joseph’s Chapel completed in 1924.

paragraphs: The college has what is known as a House Group System. Students are divided into six House Groups. They compete for House points in debate, sports and other extra-curricular activities. The six House Groups are:


title: Greedy algorithm

paragraphs: A greedy algorithm is an algorithm that uses many iterations to compute the result. Such algorithms assume that this result will be obtained by selecting the best result at the current iteration. In other words: the global optimum is obtained by selecting the local optimum at the current time. Examples of such algorithms:

paragraphs: There are some problems where greedy algorithms do not produce the best possible solution. In such cases, they often produce the worst possible one. Again look at the coin-changing example above, and imagine that there are coins for 25 cent, 10 cent and 4 cent. Now imagine that the sum of 41 cent needs to be changed. A greedy algorithm would pick 25 cent, 10 cent, and 4 cent, for a total of 39 cent. The algorithm is then stuck, because the remaining 2 cent cannot be changed. One possible way of solving the is to use the 25 cent coin, and four coins of 4 cent.


title: 1968 United States presidential election

paragraphs: This election was between former Vice President Richard Nixon and Vice President Hubert Humphrey. Governor of Alabama George Wallace also ran by the American Independent Party.

paragraphs: Humphrey did not win the south because he was very liberal and favoured civil rights. The only southern state he won was Texas (which he won narrowly).

paragraphs: Richard Nixon won the election by 301 electoral votes. Hubert Humphrey got 191 electoral votes. George Wallace received 46 electoral votes and a faithless elector in North Carolina voted Wallace and running mate Curtis LeMay.

paragraphs: Incumbent United States President Lyndon B. Johnson was able to run, but decided against it. On March 31, 1968, Johnson withdrewed his nomination and Johnson said, "I shall not seek, and I will not accept, the nomination of my party for another term as your President".

paragraphs: Incumbent Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy, brother of former United States President John F. Kennedy was a serious presidential candidate before his assassination on June 5, 1968 by Sirhan Sirhan in Los Angeles after winning the California and South Dakota primaries for the Democratic nomination for President of the United States.


title: American Independent Party

paragraphs: American Independent Party is a right-wing political party of the United States founded in California in 1967 by Bill and Eileen Shearer. It is most notable for George Wallace running in the 1968 US Election. That year, it was made up of Democrats opposed to the ending of racial segregation and was most successful in Southern states (Wallace was governor of the Southern state of Alabama).

paragraphs: Over time, the party became closer to the conservative movement and it renounced its policy against racial equality. Today, the party still exists but many of its members have left: most of the earlier members returned to the Democratic Party after the 1969 election and its later members have moved to the Constitution Party. The AIP has endorsed the Constitution Party nominee for President in recent years.


title: Chakravarti Rajagopalachari

paragraphs: Chakravarti Rajagopalachari was an Indian politician, independence activist, lawyer, writer and statesman. Rajagopalachari was the last Governor-General of India. He also served as leader of the Indian National Congress,Chief Minister of Madras Presidency (present Tamil Nadu), Governor of West Bengal and Minister for Home Affairs of the Indian Union. Rajagopalachari founded the Swatantra Party and was one of the first recipients of India's highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna. He forcefully opposed the use of nuclear weapons and was a supporter of world peace. During his lifetime, he also acquired the nickname 'Mango of Krishnagiri'.

paragraphs: Rajagopalachari was born in the village of Thorapalli in the Krishnagiri district of the Madras Presidency (now the Krishnagiri district of Tamil Nadu) and was educated at Central College, Bangalore, and Presidency College, Madras.On entering politics, he became a member and later President of the Salem municipality. He joined the Indian National Congress and participated in the agitations against the Rowlatt Act, joining the Non-Cooperation movement, the Vaikom Satyagraha, and the Civil Disobedience movement. In 1930, Rajagopalachari risked imprisonment when he led the Vedaranyam Salt Satyagraha in response to the Dandi March. In 1937, Rajagopalachari was elected Premier of the Madras Presidency and served until 1940, when he resigned due to Britain's declaration of war on Germany. He later advocated co-operation over Britain's war effort and opposed the Quit India Movement.

paragraphs: In 1946, Rajagopalachari was appointed Minister of Industry, Supply, Education and Finance in the Interim Government of India, and then as the Governor of West Bengal from 1947 to 1948, Governor-General of India from 1948 to 1950, Home Minister of India from 1951 to 1952 and as Chief Minister of Madras state (present Tamil Nadu) from 1952 to 1954. In 1959, he resigned from the Indian National Congress and founded the Swatantra Party, which stood against the Congress in the 1962, 1967 and 1972 elections. Rajagopalachari was instrumental in setting up a united Anti-Congress front in Madras state under C. N. Annadurai, which swept the 1967 elections.