title: Delta Cephei

paragraphs: Delta Cephei (δ Cep, δ Cephei) is a binary star system about 887 light-years away in the northern constellation of Cepheus, the King. At this distance, the apparent magnitude of the star is reduced by 0.23 as a result of gas and dust along the line of sight.

paragraphs: Delta Cephei, found by John Goodricke in 1784, was only the second Cepheid variable discovered. It is very important because its distance is extremely well known. This is partly because it is in a star cluster, close enough for the precise Hubble Space Telescope/Hipparcos parallaxes to give a good result. As a result, it is known as a "fundamental distance calibrator", or absolute candle. Delta Cephei is a classical, or type I, Cepheid variable.

paragraphs: The only Cepheid variable closer to us is Polaris, the North Star, whose distance is still not exactly known.

paragraphs: Delta Cephei is emitting around 2,000 times the Sun's luminosity. This is producing a strong stellar wind, which, with the pulsations and shocks in the star's atmosphere, is ejecting mass at the rate of masses per year. This is the equivalent to the mass of the Sun roughly every million years. The matter is flowing outward at a velocity of about 35 km s. This expelled gas forms a nebula about one parsec across, centered on Delta Cephei, and contains 0.07–0.21 solar masses of neutral hydrogen. A bow shock is being formed where the stellar wind is colliding with the surrounding interstellar medium.


title: Quantum state

paragraphs: The quantum state of something is a mathematical tool that describes everything that can be physically measured about that thing. For example, the quantum state of a hydrogen atom, has all the physical information one can get from measuring a hydrogen atom, like its position, momentum, energy, angular momentum, spin, and so forth.


title: Inge Lønning

paragraphs: Inge Lønning (20 February 1938 – 24 March 2013) was a Norwegian Lutheran theologian, academic, and politician for the Conservative Party of Norway.

paragraphs: Lønning was born on 20 February 1938 in Fana, Bergen, Norway. He was raised in Oslo, Norway. Lønning studied at the University of Oslo. He served as a councilman in Oslo. Lønning died on 24 March 2013 from an illness after going on a trip in Beitostølen, Norway, aged 75.


title: Saguia el Hamra

paragraphs: Saguia el Hamra was one of the two territories that made up the territory Western Sahara, when it was under Spanish rule, until 1978. At that time, Western Sahara was called "Sahara Occidental". It makes up the northern part of the territory, that extends from about 26° northern longitude, to about 27° 50'. It covers an area of roughly . It is named after the river Saguia el Hamra, which only exists during part of the year - a wadi. During the rainy season, it turns into a lake, located near the capital, El Aaiún. The other territory was called Río de Oro


title: Frank Thornton

paragraphs: Frank Thornton (Frank Thornton Ball; 15 January 1921 – 16 March 2013) was an English actor. He is best known for his roles as Captain Peacock in "Are You Being Served?" and in its sequel "Grace & Favour" ("Are You Being Served Again"), and as Truly in "Last of the Summer Wine".

paragraphs: Thornton was born on 15 January 1921 in Dulwich, London, England. He studied at Alleyn's School and at the London School of Dramatic Art. Thornton was married to Beryl Jane Margaret Evans from 1945 until his death in 2013. They had a daughter, Jane Thornton. He died on 16 March 2013 in his home in Barnes, London, England from natural causes, aged 92.


title: Jackdaw

paragraphs: The Jackdaw is a large bird, a member of the crow family Corvidae. It is black, with the back of the head grey.

paragraphs: The jackdaw is common over the whole of Europe and much of Asia. It is mostly a resident, although northern and eastern populations migrate south in winter. It is about in length,

paragraphs: The jackdaw is gregarious and vocal, living in small groups with a complex social structure. It is found in farmland, open woodland, on coastal cliffs, and in urban settings.

paragraphs: Jackdaws are omnivorous and opportunistic. They eat a wide variety of plant material and invertebrates, as well as food waste from urban areas. Jackdaws are monogamous and build simple nests of sticks in cavities in trees, cliffs, or buildings. About five pale blue or blue-green eggs with brown speckles are laid and incubated by the female. The young fledge in four to five weeks.

paragraphs: In his book "King Solomon's Ring", Konrad Lorenz described and analysed the complex social interactions in a Jackdaw flock which lived around his house in Altenberg, Austria. He ringed them for identification and caged them in the winter to prevent their annual migration.

paragraphs: Lorenz found that the birds have a hierarchy, with higher-ranked birds dominating lower-ranked birds. Pair-bonded birds share the same rank. Young males establish their individual status before pairing with females. Unmated females are the lowest members in the pecking order, and are the last to have access to food and shelter. Lorenz noted one case in which a male, absent during the dominance struggles and pair bondings, returned to the flock, became the dominant male, and chose one of two unpaired females for a mate. This female immediately assumed a dominant position in the social hierarchy and demonstrated this by pecking others. According to Lorenz, the most significant factor in social behaviour was the immediate and intuitive grasp of the new hierarchy by each bird in the flock.


title: Peggy Sue Got Married

paragraphs: Peggy Sue Got Married is a 1986 American romantic fantasy comedy-drama movie. It was directed by Francis Ford Coppola. It stars Kathleen Turner and Nicolas Cage. Turner's character, Peggy Sue Bodell, goes back in time to 1960 when she attends her class of 1960 high school reunion in 1985.


title: Dry stone wall

paragraphs: A dry stone wall is a wall made of stone without using mortar. They are made by carefully choosing rocks that fit together. There are dry stone walls in the Yorkshire Dales in northern England.


title: Sun Country Airlines

paragraphs: Sun Country Airlines is an American low-fare airline. It was started by many former Braniff International Airways employees. It is headquartered in the Dakota County suburb of Eagan, Minnesota. Sun Country uses nearby Minneapolis/Saint Paul International Airport as a "hub". It currently flies to 43 destinations throughout the Caribbean, United States, Mexico, and Costa Rica.

paragraphs: Most of Sun Country's routes either arrive in or depart from Minneapolis-St. Paul. The airline also sometimes has flights between other cities, including Dallas, Texas


title: Virgin America

paragraphs: Virgin America was an U.S. airline. It began operations in 2007. Its corporate headquarters are in California. The airline uses Airbus A319 and Airbus A320 aircraft. It flies to destinations throughout the United States and Mexico.

paragraphs: The airline is partly owned by the Virgin Group. The Virgin Group also controls Virgin Atlantic Airways, Virgin Australia and Virgin Samoa. However, the Virgin Group has less than a fifty percent share of the new company. This is due to U.S. federal laws that do not allow foreign control of domestic airlines.

paragraphs: Virgin America was looking to sell all or part of its airline in early 2016. A merger with JetBlue Airways was very possible. However, on April 4, 2016, Alaska Airlines announced it would buy Virgin America. Alaska retired the Virgin America name on April 25, 2018.


title: Rebecca Romijn

paragraphs: Rebecca Romijn (born November 6, 1972) is an American movie and television series actress. She played Mystique in the X-men movies and Alexis Meade in the television sitcom "Ugly Betty". Romijn was born in Berkeley, California. Her father is Dutch.


title: Godsend (movie)

paragraphs: Godsend is a 2004 supernatural horror-thriller movie. It is about a couple who lose their child, after which they are put through supernatural forces and nightmares. The movie stars Robert De Niro and Rebecca Romijn. This movie received very bad reviews from critics. Its intake was over $30 million, making "Godsend" a mild success in the box office.


title: Gengen-Wer

paragraphs: Gengen Wer is a god in Egyptian mythology that appears as a goose. He is long forgotten by the Egyptian people, but was famous in Ancient Egypt. He is seen in the series of Rick Riordan's "The Kane Chronicles" books as a god who is senile. He was sensitive as the earlier Egyptians wrote. He was long forgotten by the Egyptian people, but was admired in Ancient Egypt. He is often associated with artistic expression.


title: Mount Ebenezer

paragraphs: Mount Ebenezer is a pastoral station and roadhouse in the south of the Northern Territory, Australia. It is located on the Lasseter Highway, from the Stuart Highway to the east and to Uluṟu in the west. Mount Ebenezer is owned by the community of Imaṉpa, which is surrounded by the property. It is one of the few Aboriginal-owned stations in the Territory. It is managed by Lisanote Pty Ltd, a company also owned by the Imaṉpa Community. This company also operates the Angas Downs Indigenous Protected Area, which borders the property to the west. The lease for the property is held by the Fogarty family.

paragraphs: The area falls within the traditional homeland of the southern Luritja people (Matuntara). Mount Ebenezer, the mountain that the station was named after, is in the Basedow Ranges and can be seen to the north of the roadhouse. The mountain itself is named for Ebenezer Flint, who worked in the area in 1871 on the Overland Telegraph Line. In the early 1920s, a pioneer named William Liddle established the Angas Downs sheep station to the west of the Basedow Ranges. He had previously worked at the telegraph station in Alice Springs. He settled at Angas Downs with his wife Mary (an Aranda woman) and had several children. From the late 1920s, the family began to use the Mount Ebenezer area as an extension of Angas Downs.

paragraphs: Mount Ebenezer was established as its own station in 1947 by William's second son, Harold Liddle. He was one of the first people of Aboriginal descent to get a perpetual lease for a pastoral property. Liddle sold the new station to Ted Kunoth in 1952. Kunoth built a roadhouse to service tourist traffic between the Stuart Highway and Uluṟu. In 1978, Kunoth agreed to allow the Aboriginal people of the area to set up a community on a part of the station's lands. The area at Imaṉpa, beneath the Basedow Ranges, was removed from the property for this. Kunoth sold the property's lease to Alan Rogers, who then resold to the Fogarty family in 1993.


title: Evil Dead (2013 movie)

paragraphs: The Evil Dead is a 2013 American horror movie. It is about five friends who stay at a remote cabin. This movie was at first rated NC-17, but changes were made so the movie would get an R rating from the MPAA. "Evil Dead" was also rated "18" by the BBFC (UK) and rated "R" in Australia. This movie got positive reviews by the critics.

paragraphs: It is a remake of 1981 movie "Evil Dead".


title: Jon Lovitz

paragraphs: Jonathan M. "Jon" Lovitz (born July 21, 1957) is an American comedian, actor and singer. He was known for his sketches on "Saturday Night Live" from 1985 though 1990. He was also known for his guest-star role as Steve on "Friends". He won two Emmy Awards for his writing on comedy series and an Screen Actors Guild Award for his acting in a crew.

paragraphs: Lovitz was born on July 21, 1957 in Los Angeles, California to a Romanian-Hungarian-Russian-Jewish family. He studied at the University of California at Irvine.


title: Jerry Colonna

paragraphs: Gerardo Luigi "Jerry" Colonna (September 17, 1904 – November 21, 1986) was an Italian-American comedian, singer, actor, songwriter, and musician. He was known for his big mustache and for working with Bob Hope on comedy shows.

paragraphs: Colonna was born on September 17, 1904 in Boston, Massachusetts to an Italian family. He was married to Florence Purcell in c. 1930 until his death in 1986. They had one son, Robert. Colonna died on November 21, 1986 in Woodland Hills, California from kidney failure, aged 82.


title: Kozhikode district

paragraphs: Kozhikode is a district in the state of Kerala, in India. It is divided into four taluks - Kozhikode, Vadakara, Koyilandy and Thamarassery.


title: Río de Oro

paragraphs: Rio de Oro was one of the two territories of Western Sahara, when the territory was under Spanish rule. Rio de Oro, which literally means "river of gold" is more to the south. The other part was called Saguia el Hamra. The territory is named after a wadi. The capital of the territory is called Dakhla. When the territory was ruled by the Spanish, its name was "Villa Cisneros". It has a size of roughly . To the north, the 26th parallel is the border, and to the south, the territory is limited by the 21° 20' parallel (and the border with Mauritania).

paragraphs: Originally, Portuguese traders called the territory "Rio do Ouro", they traded goods for gold dust, in the year 1442. They believed to be in Mali ruled by Mansa Musa. Mali was famed for its gold deposits, despite the fact that gold was never found there, and only further south in Akjoujt and south of the Niger River. Historic maps show a river running from the center of Africa to the Atlantic Ocean, newer maps show a shorter river which ends in a wadi named Megeta Mersug. In 1886, a Spanish expedition searched for this river, but did not find it.


title: Platform shoe

paragraphs: Platform shoes are shoes that have extremely dense soles at least four inches high. They are often made out of plastics, rubber or cork. Platform shoes were first worn during the Ancient era. They are known to add height to whoever is wearing them. The shoes are oftentimes worn to avoid coming in contact with urban street filth, grime and muck. These shoes were very popular between the 1930s and the 1980s in the United States, Europe and the United Kingdom. They were worn mostly by girls or young women, although middle-aged or elderly women sometimes wear the shoes. Comfort platforms were invented during the disco music era, and would be designed to mix added heights and sneaker style or orthotic comforts. The fad eventually fizzled out during the late 1980s and early 1990s, though by then people of all ages, particularly girls and young to middle-aged women, wore the shoes.


title: Gown

paragraphs: A gown is a type of clothing usually worn by women. There are different kinds of gowns. Some are worn on formal occasions such as marriages. Some are worn in hospitals. Some are worn to sleep in.


title: Mary Jane (shoe)

paragraphs: Mary Janes are low-cut, rounded-toed shoes that are worn almost entirely by girls or women. They are usually low or mid heeled, though there are some that are high heeled. The shoes have one thin strap over the instep of the foot. They are made almost exclusively of leather. These shoes are worn at school, in church or during work (for certain places), and with skirts, dresses and certain types of pants.


title: Nature (journal)

paragraphs: Nature, first published on 4 November 1869, is the world's most cited scientific journal. It is also the longest continuously published scientific weekly.

paragraphs: Most scientific journals are now highly specialized. "Nature" is one of the few journals which still publish original research articles across the whole range of science. Important new advances and original scientific research is published as articles or letters in "Nature". Surveys and reviews of important research fields are also published.

paragraphs: Research scientists are the primary audience for the journal, but the readership includes many others who are interested in science. Therefore, articles are written and edited to make them understandable to scientists in other fields and the educated general public.

paragraphs: Towards the front of each issue are editorials, news and feature articles on issues of general interest to scientist. Topics include current affairs, science funding, business, scientific ethics and research breakthroughs. There are also sections on books and arts. Because of limits on the length of articles, often the printed text is a summary of the work in question. Details may be put in "supplementary material" on the journal's website.

paragraphs: Nature has spun off a series of more specialised journals which publish longer, more technical articles which would be unsuitable for Nature's wider readership.


title: Diabetic retinopathy

paragraphs: Diabetic retinopathy, is the most common eye disease caused by diabetes, it damages the retinas in both eyes, causing vision problems which may lead to blindness.

paragraphs: It affects up to 80 percent of all patients who have had diabetes for 10 years or more. However it is possible that at least 90% of these new cases could be kept from becoming severe with early diagnosis and proper treatment.

paragraphs: Diabetic retinopathy often has no early warning signs. As new blood vessels form at the back of the eye as a part of "proliferative diabetic retinopathy" (PDR), they can bleed (ocular hemorrhage) and blur vision. The first time this happens, it may not be very severe. In most cases, it will leave just a few specks of blood, or spots, floating in a person's visual field, though the spots often go away after a few hours.

paragraphs: These spots are often followed within a few days or weeks by a much greater leakage of blood, which blurs vision. In extreme cases, a person will only be able to tell light from dark in that eye. It may take the blood anywhere from a few days to months or even years to clear from the inside of the eye, and in some cases the blood will not clear. These types of large hemorrhages tend to happen more than once, often during sleep.

paragraphs: On funduscopic exam, a doctor will see spots, flame hemorrhages, and dot-blot hemorrhages.

paragraphs: Elevation of blood-glucose levels can also cause edema (swelling) of the crystalline lens as a result of sorbitol (sugar alcohol) building up in the lens. This edema often causes temporary myopia (nearsightedness). A common sign of swelling of the lens is blurring of distance vision while near vision remains adequate.

paragraphs: During the first three stages of diabetic retinopathy, no treatment is needed, unless there is macular edema. To prevent diabetic retinopathy from getting worse, diabetics should control their levels of blood sugar, blood pressure, and blood cholesterol.

paragraphs: Proliferative retinopathy is treated with scatter laser surgery, which helps to shrink the abnormal blood vessels. During the surgery 1,000 to 2,000 laser burns are placed in the areas of the retina away from the macula, causing the abnormal blood vessels to shrink. Two or more sessions usually are required to complete treatment. There may be some loss of peripheral (side) vision, and color vision, and night vision may also be slightly reduced.

paragraphs: Scatter laser treatment works best before the abnormal fragile, new blood vessels which grow because of the disease have started to bleed. Treatment may still be possible after bleeding has begun in some cases.

paragraphs: Macular edema is treated with focal laser treatment. Up to several hundred small laser burns are placed in the areas of retinal leakage surrounding the macula. These burns cauterize the blood vessels, reduces tha amount of leakage and fluid build-up in the retina. The surgery is usually done in one session but further treatments may be needed. If both eyes are affected by macular edema only one is treated at a time usually a few weeks apart.

paragraphs: Focal laser treatment stabilizes vision and reduces the risk of vision loss by 50 percent. In a small number of cases, if vision is lost, it can be improved.

paragraphs: Viteroctomy is the surgical removal of the "vitreous humur". The vitreous humur is a clear, thick, gel-like fluid, that fills the inside of the eyeball and helps it to maintain its shape.

paragraphs: This treatment is done in cases of proliferative retinopathy that causes severe scar tissue to form on the retina or when new blood vessels continue to grow on the retina after laser treatments.

paragraphs: According to research done by the National Eye Institute, prompt treatment of diabetic macular edema with the drug Lucentis, with or without laser treatment, resulted in better vision than laser treatment alone, or steroid injections. When injected into the eye, Lucentis, and two other similar drugs, Avastin or Aylea, reduce fluid leakage and interfere with the growth of new blood vessels in the retina.


title: Kramer vs. Kramer

paragraphs: Kramer vs. Kramer is a 1979 American drama movie. It was written and directed by Robert Benton. It is based on a novel by Avery Corman. It stars Dustin Hoffman and Meryl Streep as New York City married couple Ted and Joanna Kramer. She leaves him and their son; the couple divorce. Fifteen months later, she decides she wants custody of the child, taking Ted to court.


title: Kozhikode

paragraphs: Kozhikode, also known as Calicut, is a city in the state of Kerala in southern India. Kozhikode is the third largest city in Kerala. It is part of the second largest urban agglomeration in Kerala with a metropolitan population of 2,030,519 as per 2011 census. The city lies about north of the state capital Thiruvananthapuram.


title: Jerzy Nowak

paragraphs: Jerzy Nowak (June 20, 1923 – March 26, 2013) was a Polish actor and teacher. He was known for his roles as a Jewish investor in "Schindler's List", as a "bumpkin farmer" in "", and as the great creative Zucker in "The Promised Land".

paragraphs: Nowak was born on June 20, 1923 in Brzesko, Poland. He was raised in Kraków, Poland. Nowak studied at the Ludwik Solski Academy for the Dramatic Arts.

paragraphs: He was married two times. He was married to his second wife, Maria Andruszkiewicz-Smith, from 1989 until his death in 2013. He had no children.

paragraphs: Nowak died on March 26, 2013 in Warsaw, Poland from natural causes, aged 89.


title: Curse of Tippecanoe

paragraphs: The name Curse of Tippecanoe (also known as Tecumseh's Curse, the Presidential Curse, Zero-Year Curse, the Twenty-Year Curse, or the Twenty-Year Presidential Jinx) is used to describe the death of Presidents of the United States in office while elected or re-elected in a year ending in "0".

paragraphs: The "curse" began when President William Henry Harrison (elected in 1840) died in office from pneumonia just one month after becoming President. According to a folk tale, the "curse" happened because then-General Harrison had fought on Native American grounds during the 1811 Battle of Tippecanoe. The battle was famous, and "Old Tippecanoe" became Harrison's nickname. But the battle made the Native Americans so angry that they cursed his name.

paragraphs: The last President included in this "curse" to die was John F. Kennedy. He was elected in 1960 and assassinated in 1963. Two later Presidents elected in "0" years—Ronald Reagan (1980) and George W. Bush (2000)—survived assassination attempts.

paragraphs: The following Presidents were part of the "curse":

paragraphs: The only president who died in office without being elected in a "cursed" year was Zachary Taylor, who was elected in 1848 and died in 1850.

paragraphs: The most recent two Presidents elected in a "zero" year survived the "curse":

paragraphs: Many people think that the curse was broken or lifted when John Hinckley tried to kill Ronald Reagan while he left a hotel in Washington, D.C.. After Reagan survived the attack no other Presidents after him were harmed until George W. Bush was elected. When George W. Bush was elected in 2001, someone tried to kill him, but did not succeed.


title: Assassination attempt on Ronald Reagan

paragraphs: The Assassination attempt on Ronald Reagan happened on Monday, March 30, 1981, 69 days after becoming President. Ronald Reagan was leaving after a speaking engagement at the Washington Hilton Hotel in Washington, D.C.. As Reagan left to enter his car, John Hinckley, Jr. fired his gun.

paragraphs: At 2:27 pm Eastern Time, Reagan exited the hotel through "President's Walk" and its K Street NW exit toward his waiting limousine. Hinckley waited within the crowd of civilians. While the Secret Service blocked those attending the president's speech, in a "colossal mistake" the agency allowed an unsearched group to stand within feet of him, behind a rope line.

paragraphs: Reagan unexpectedly passed right in front of Hinckley. Believing he would never get a better chance, Hinckley fired a Röhm RG-14 .22 Long Rifle blue steel revolver six times in 1.7 seconds.

paragraphs: Five out of the six shots missed the president. The first bullet hit White House Press Secretary James Brady in the head. The second bullet hit District of Columbia police officer Thomas Delahanty in the back of his neck as he turned to protect Reagan. Hinckley now had a clear shot at the president, but the third bullet overshot him and hit the window of a building across the street.

paragraphs: As Special Agent In Charge Jerry Parr quickly pushed Reagan into the limousine, the fourth bullet hit Secret Service agent Timothy McCarthy in the abdomen as he spread his body over Reagan to protect him. The fifth bullet hit the bullet-resistant glass of the window on the open side door of the limousine. The sixth and final bullet ricocheted off the armored side of the limousine and hit the president in his left underarm, grazing a rib and lodging in his lung, stopping nearly 1 inch (25mm) from his heart. Parr's prompt reaction saved Reagan from being hit in the head. Reagan suffered from a punctured lung and heavy internal bleeding. He received medical attention quickly.

paragraphs: The powers of the President were never actually given to anyone else during this time through the presidential line of succession. Secretary of State Alexander Haig caused anger and arguments at a press conference by stating "I am in control here", while Vice President George H. W. Bush returned to Washington D.C. Since the Vice President was not physically present in Washington D.C., Secretary Haig thought that, as Secretary of State, he was to meant to assume command. In reality, according to the US Constitution, Speaker of the United States House of Representatives Tip O'Neill was to take over from President Reagan, and Vice President Bush to be in charge. Secretary Haig was angry about his mistake as was Speaker O'Neill.

paragraphs: The shooter was 30-year old John Hinckley. Hinckley said that he wanted to shoot President Reagan to impress actress Jodie Foster. He planned the assassination after he saw the movie "Taxi Driver" and there was a scene similar to the event.

paragraphs: Hinckley decided to copy DeNiro's character in the movie. He began to stalk President Jimmy Carter. He was surprised at how easy it was to get close to the president—only one foot away at one event. He was arrested in October 1980 at Nashville International Airport for illegal possession of firearms. Even though Carter made a campaign stop there, the Federal Bureau of Investigation did not connect this arrest to the President and did not tell the United States Secret Service.

paragraphs: He wrote three or four more notes to Foster in early March 1981. Foster gave these notes to her dean, who gave them to the Yale police department. After this, the police wanted to find Hinckley, but failed. Hinckley soon moved to Washington, D.C. to carry-out his assassination plan.

paragraphs: Nobody was killed in the attack. Press Secretary James Brady was left paralyzed and permanently disabled. Brady died in August 2014. Hinckley was found not guilty by reason of insanity. He was in a psychiatric facility until 2016.

paragraphs: Reagan was the first serving U.S. President to survive being shot in an assassination attempt. The members of his staff were anxious for the president to appear to be recovering quickly, and the morning after his operation he saw visitors and signed a piece of legislation. Reagan left the hospital on the 13th day. He was able to travel outside of Washington 49 days later.

paragraphs: Before the shooting, Reagan had the lowest approval ratings of any president during his first term in office. After the shooting, Reagan's approval ratings rose. The assassination attempt boosted his popularity and some may say that it helped him win his re-election campaign in 1984.

paragraphs: Hinckley was found not guilty by reason of insanity on June 21, 1982. The defense psychiatric reports had found him to be insane while the prosecution reports declared him legally sane.

paragraphs: Following his lawyers' advice, he was not a witness in his own defense. Hinckley was confined at St. Elizabeths Hospital in Washington, D.C.. He was released in 2016.


title: Murchison meteorite

paragraphs: The Murchison meteorite is named after the place it fell: Murchison, Victoria, Australia. It is large (over 100 kg) and it was seen falling. It is one of the most studied meteorites, since it belongs to a group of meteorites rich in organic compounds, known as carbonaceous chondrites.

paragraphs: On 28 September 1969 at about 10:58 am, a bright fireball was seen. It separated into three fragments before disappearing, leaving a cloud of smoke. About 30 seconds later, a tremor was heard. People found fragments over an area larger than 13 km², with fragments up to 7 kg. One, weighing 680 g, broke through a roof and fell in hay. The mass is over 100 kg.

paragraphs: This type of meteorite is rich in carbon. Murchison contains over 15 amino acids. The amino acids found in the Murchison meteorite can be (and have been) synthesised in laboratory experiments. This was done by the action of electric discharge on a mixture of methane, nitrogen, and water with traces of ammonia.

paragraphs: The amino acids were mostly racemic. This means the chirality of their enantiomers are almost equally left- and right-handed. This suggests they are not caused by terrestrial contamination. A complex mixture of alkanes was isolated as well, similar to that found in the Miller-Urey experiment. Serine and threonine, often earthly contaminants, were absent from the samples.

paragraphs: In 1997 research showed that individual amino-acids from Murchison were enriched in the nitrogen isotope N relative to their terrestrial counterparts. This confirmed an extraterrestrial source. The organic materials identified included sugar-like compounds (polyols).

paragraphs: Several lines of evidence show that the inside of well-preserved fragments from Murchison are pristine (not contaminated). A 2010 study identified 14,000 molecular compounds (including 70 amino acids) in a sample of the meteorite. There may be 50,000 or more different molecular compositions in the meteorite.

paragraphs: Measured purine and pyrimidine compounds are in the Murchison meteorite. Carbon isotope ratios for uracil and xanthine show a non-terrestrial origin for these compounds. The results show many organic compounds which are components of life on Earth were already present in the early Solar System. They may have played a role in life's origin.


title: Law Abiding Citizen

paragraphs: Law Abiding Citizen is a 2009 American crime drama thriller movie. The subjects in this movie are capital punishment and murder. Jamie Foxx and Viola Davis are in the cast. This movie was rated NC-17 for extreme violence, although was later edited for an R-rating. The movie got negative reviews from the critics. Its box office performance was very good.


title: Boeing 314

paragraphs: The Boeing 314 Clipper was a flying boat. It was made by the Boeing Airplane Company between 1938 and 1941. It was one of the biggest planes at that time, and it used the wing of the XB-15 bomber. Twelve Clippers were made for Pan Am. Three of them were sold to BOAC during the Battle of Britain (1940).

paragraphs: Pan American had asked for a flying boat with a very long range. Boeing wanted to make it, and Pan American asked for six of Boeing's planes. Boeing engineers used a wing taken from one of Boeing's earlier planes. The new plane had Wright Twin Cyclone.

paragraphs: The plane made flew for the first time on June 7, 1938. The test pilot found some things wrong with the plane. Boeing fixed these and the plane was fine.

paragraphs: Weight was very important. Every passenger could only have of baggage for free. They had to pay $3.25 per lb ($7.15/kg) if they went over this limit.

paragraphs: Pan Am's "Clippers" were meant for luxury. The seats could be changed into beds. The plane normally flew at only , so flights sometimes lasted more than 12 hours. The 314s had a lounge and dining area, and the planes had chefs from four-star hotels. Men and women had dressing rooms, too. The luxury on Pan American's Boeing 314s was better than anything since then. They were for very rich people. It cost about the same amount as it would have cost to fly on Concorde in 2006.

paragraphs: The 314 was also successful because of its Pan Am flight crews. They were very good at long-distance flying. Many of the flights had another crew for training. Only the best pilots flew the Boeing 314. If it was hard to see because of fog, pilots sometimes landed at sea and then moved Clipper on the water.

paragraphs: The first 314, "Honolulu Clipper", started being used in January 1939.

paragraphs: When war started in the Pacific, "Pacific Clipper" was flying to New Zealand. Instead of going back to Honolulu, it went to New York. This was done to avoid being shot down by Japanese fighters.

paragraphs: Pan Am's Boeing 314s were used by the military in World War II. The only thing that changed was how the painting on the plane looked. The Clippers were still flown by their crews from Pan Am. The Boeing 314s used by the military were called C-98s. Winston Churchill flew on Boeing 314s sometimes.

paragraphs: After the war, many Clippers were given back to Pan Am. However, the Boeing 314 was now out-of-date.

paragraphs: One Pan Am 314, called the "California Clipper", had flown more than one million miles when it was retired. Three Boeing 314s crashed.

paragraphs: No Boeing 314s still exist today. However, there is a replica at the Foynes Flying Boat Museum, Foynes, County Limerick, Ireland.


title: Theoren Fleury

paragraphs: Theoren Wallace "Theo" Fleury (born June 29, 1968) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey right winger that played 16 seasons in National Hockey League (NHL).

paragraphs: Fleury was drafted by the Calgary Flames with the 166th overall pick in the 1987 NHL Draft. Fleury played in the NHL for four teams, Calgary Flames from 1988 to 1999, Colorado Avalanche during the 1998-99 NHL season, New York Rangers from 1999 to 2002, and Chicago Blackhawks during the 2002-03 NHL season. He won the Stanley Cup with the Flames in the 1988–89 NHL season. Fleury also won a gold medal with Team Canada in the 2002 Winter Olympics.

paragraphs: Fleury wrote an autobiography titled "Playing with Fire", and it was released on October 16, 2009. In the autobiography, he wrote about being sexually abused at the hands of his coach, Graham James. He also wrote about his battles with drug and alcohol addictions and mentioned that he placed a loaded gun in his mouth and contemplated suicide in 2004. Fleury is currently a motivational speaker and has participated in numerous charitable causes. He was a participant on the second season of the figure skating reality show Battle of the Blades and finished in 5th place with his partner Jamie Salé.


title: Hank Blade

paragraphs: Henry "Hank" Blade (April 28, 1921 – February 8, 2003) was a Canadian professional ice hockey centre that played 24 games in the National Hockey League with the Chicago Black Hawks.

paragraphs: Blade also played for the Ottawa Commandos and Ottawa Senators of the QSHL, Kansas City Pla-Mors and Milwaukee Sea Gulls of the USHL, Pittsburgh Hornets of the AHL and Calgary Stampeders of the PCHL and the WHL. He died on February 8, 2003.


title: La Güera

paragraphs: La Güera (also known as La Agüera, Lagouira, or El Gouera) (Arabic: الكويرة) is a ghost town on the Atlantic coast at the southern tip of Western Sahara. It is on the western side of the Ras Nouadhibou peninsula. The ghost town is west of Nouadhibou. It is also the name of a daira at the Sahrawi refugee camps in south-western Algeria. The name comes from the Spanish word "" which is a ditch which carries rainwater to the crops. By 2002, it had been abandoned and parts of it had been covered by sand. At the time, only a few Imraguen fishermen lived there and the area was guarded by a Mauritanian military outpost, despite this not being formally Mauritanian territory.

paragraphs: La Güera is the southernmost town of Western Sahara. It is claimed by both the Kingdom of Morocco and the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. Lagouira is situated south of the Moroccan Wall, and abandoned by both Moroccan and POLISARIO forces.


title: Histrionic personality disorder

paragraphs: Histrionic personality disorder (HPD) is a cluster B personality disorder. The name is derived from Latin "histrio", which is usually translated as actor. People with this condition constantly seek to direct attention to their own person. Very often they also flirt and try to seduce others in inappropriate ways to get this attention, for example by being exhibitionist. These attempts at seduction usually start when they are teenagers. Histrionics feel a strong need to receive a lot of appreciation, admiration and reassurance. HPD affects about four times as many women (4%) as men (1%). It has a prevalence of between two and three percent in the general population, and between ten and fifteen percent in mental health institutions.

paragraphs: HPD lies in the dramatic cluster of personality disorders. People with HPD have a high need for attention, make loud and inappropriate appearances, exaggerate their behaviors and emotions, and crave stimulation. They may exhibit sexually provocative behavior, express strong emotions with an impressionistic style, and can be easily influenced by others. Associated features include egocentrism, self-indulgence, continuous longing for appreciation, and persistent manipulative behavior to achieve their own needs.

paragraphs: A mnemonic that can be used to remember the characteristics of histrionic personality disorder is "PRAISE ME":

paragraphs: Most histrionics also have other mental disorders. HPD is comorbid (often occurs alongside): mood disorders, eating disorders, somatoform disorders, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and other personality disorders - especially antisocial, borderline, narcissistic and dependent.


title: Waltham Cross

paragraphs: Waltham Cross is a town in southeast Hertfordshire just north of London. It is named after a cross in the town centre dating from 1294, put there by King Edward I of England.


title: Salvation (Christianity)

paragraphs: Salvation in Christianity is found through the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus. This is why Good Friday, the day the Christian churches remember His death, is called good. Also Easter celebrates His resurrection and is the most important Christian holiday. Christians believe that atonement with God was gained by Jesus for all sinners who will accept Him, as He led a perfect life.

paragraphs: Many Christian writers say that Jesus saves us in three ways.

paragraphs: Justification means that God has forgiven all our sins. This is based on Jesus having died in our place. This becomes real for any person when they put their faith in Jesus.

paragraphs: Sanctification means that we become people that live a good life. This process is usually gradual, but may happen quickly.

paragraphs: Glorification means that when we die or Jesus returns to earth we will be taken to heaven to live with him.

paragraphs: Various Christian groups have somewhat different views about how salvation happens. However, all agree that the death of Jesus, followed by his resurrection is what makes salvation possible. They also agree that individual humans must respond to God's initiative.

paragraphs: Before salvation can take place, a person must become aware that they need it. The Holy Spirit is God's instrument in this.

paragraphs: John Calvin called this Predestination, Saint Augustine and John Wesley called it "prevenient" (coming before) grace. Others call it common grace. The Catholic Encyclopedia states that salvation "begins with the grace of God which touches a sinner's heart, and calls him to repentance. This grace cannot be merited; it proceeds solely from the love and mercy of God"

paragraphs: A person who knows that they are in need of salvation, must also know that it is available. This happens when the person hears the gospel. The gospel is the news that Jesus has died and risen and promises eternal life to those who receive Him. The person then believes this message and responds. Various groups of Christians see this response in different ways. The Catholic and Orthodox churches, and some Restoration Churches say that the required response is Baptism. Other Protestants suggest a prayer to "ask Jesus to enter their heart (life)". In American evangelism, sometimes the suggested response has been to go to the front of a church in a public declaration of faith. St. Paul seems to have set down the proper response in his letter to the Romans, Chapter 10 verse 9. "if you confess with your mouth “Jesus is Lord” and believe in your heart that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved". Christians believe that the proper response to Jesus brings about justification, (forgiveness of sins), and begins the process of sanctification.

paragraphs: Sanctification is also the work of God with the Christian responding to that work. Some churches say that the sacraments are very important in this. This would include receiving the Mass and confession. Others would emphasize reading the Bible, prayer, going to church and telling others about Jesus.


title: Taffy Abel

paragraphs: Clarence John "Taffy" Abel (May 28, 1900 – August 1, 1964) was an American professional ice hockey defenseman that played 8 seasons in the National Hockey League.

paragraphs: Abel played 3 seasons with the New York Rangers and 5 seasons with the Chicago Black Hawks. He also played for the Minneapolis Millers of the Central Hockey League for 23 games and won a silver medal with the United States in the 1924 Winter Olympics. He won the Stanley Cup with the Rangers in the 1927–28 NHL season. After he retired, he returned to his hometown and coached ice hockey as well as operated a tourist hotel. He was inducted into the United States Hall of Fame in 1973. He was the first United States-born player to become a NHL regular player.


title: Madge Sinclair

paragraphs: Madge Sinclair (April 28, 1938 - December 20, 1995) was a character actress. She did voices for many movies. She was born in Kingston, Jamaica. She died in Los Angeles, California due to leukemia.


title: Pokémon Puzzle League

paragraphs: Pokémon Puzzle League is a puzzle video game for the Nintendo 64 game console. It was released in North America and Europe in 2000. Unlike most "Pokémon" games, it was never released in Japan. It is based upon Nintendo's "Panel de Pon" puzzle video game series, with a "Pokémon" theme. It is the only game to take place in the "Pokémon" anime universe. It was released for the Wii's Virtual Console in 2008.

paragraphs: Players clear blocks that come down by lining them up in horizontal or vertical lines of three or more blocks. The lines have to have the same kind of block. As new blocks come down, the playfield rises. If it makes it to the top, the player loses. The player can stop the playfield from rising by clearing blocks. In two-player games, clearing more than one line at once causes "garbage" blocks to come down on the opponent's side of the field. Garbage blocks can be cleared by clearing lines below it.

paragraphs: The game has 2D and 3D modes. In 3D mode, the playfield is a cylinder that is 18 blocks wide.

paragraphs: In two-player games, players can select one of fourteen Pokémon trainers to play as. Unlike other "Pokémon" games, trainers and their Pokémon do not have an effect on the gameplay.


title: Pokémon Puzzle Challenge

paragraphs: Pokémon Puzzle Challenge is a puzzle video game for the Game Boy Color game console. It was released in Japan on September 21, 2000, in North America on December 4, 2000, and in Europe on June 15, 2001. It is based upon Nintendo's "Panel de Pon" video game series, with a "Pokémon Gold and Silver" theme.

paragraphs: Players clear blocks that come down by lining them up in horizontal or vertical lines of three or more blocks. The lines have to be of the same kind of block. As new blocks come down, the playfield goes up. If the playfield reaches the top, the game ends. The player can stop the playfield by clearing blocks. The more lines a player clears at once, the higher their score will be.

paragraphs: There are three modes of play: single-player, multi-player, and training. Players can play as a number of different Pokémon from "Pokémon Gold and Silver", including Pikachu, Cyndaquil, and Totodile. New Pokémon can be unlocked by winning against other Pokémon trainers.


title: The Frighteners

paragraphs: The Frighteners is a 1996 supernatural horror thriller movie. The main stories of this movie are exorcism and unexpected incidents during the early 1990s. Dee Wallace and Michael J. Fox are in the cast. This supernatural movie was released July 19, 1996 in the United States. The reviews were mostly positive. The movie earned back almost, but not quite, its budget.


title: George Gaynes

paragraphs: George Gaynes (born George Jongejans; May 16, 1917 – February 15, 2016) was a Russian-born American actor. He is known for his roles as Commandant Eric Lassard in the "Police Academy movie series" and as Henry Warnimont in "Punky Brewster".

paragraphs: Gaynes was born on May 16, 1917 in Helsinki, Grand Duchy of Finland, Russian Empire.His uncle was actor George Gaye. Gaynes married Allyn Ann McLerie in 1953. They have two children.


title: Irwin Corey

paragraphs: "Professor" Irwin Corey (July 29, 1914 – February 6, 2017) was an American comedian, actor, and activist. His career began in 1938. Corey began his stand-up career in an San Francisco club, the Hungry i.

paragraphs: Corey was born on July 29, 1914 in Brooklyn, New York to an Jewish family. His parents were forced to give him up in an Hebrew Orphan Asylum of New York. He was never adopted, so he spent the rest of his teenage years in the Asylum. Corey studied at the Belmont High School in Los Angeles, California.

paragraphs: Corey was influenced by Charlie Chaplin and by The Marx Brothers. He had influence Lenny Bruce, Mort Sahl, Shelley Berman, Jonathan Winters, Bob Newhart, and Tom Smothers. Lenny Bruce once said that Corey is "one of the most brilliant comedians of all time".

paragraphs: Corey was married to Fran Corey from 1941 until her death in 2011. They had two children, Margaret Corey (dead) and Richard Corey. He also has a grandson, Amadeo. He now lived in his home town of San Francisco, California until moving to Manhattan, New York for his comedic stage career.

paragraphs: Corey died at his Manhattan apartment on February 6, 2017, aged 102.


title: Warm Bodies (movie)

paragraphs: Warm Bodies is a 2013 American romantic comedy zombie movie. It is based on the novel of the same name. Teresa Palmer, Nicholas Hoult and John Malkovich make up the main cast. The subject is about zombie romance and having supernatural connections. This movie has received positive reviews from critics. Its box office intake has also been very good.


title: Alternative fuel vehicle

paragraphs: Alternative fuel vehicles are vehicles that use energy that comes from something other than petroleum (oil). (Gasoline and diesel fuel come from petroleum). Most of the alternative energy does not need to be imported from other countries, so money stays in the country. Some (but not all) come from renewable sources. Many produce less pollution than gasoline or diesel.

paragraphs: Alternative fuel vehicles cover a wide range of engines and motors.

paragraphs: Also, there are bicycles, rickshaws, and two and three-wheeled human powered vehicles.


title: Angas Downs Indigenous Protected Area

paragraphs: Angas Downs Indigenous Protected Area is a protected area in the south of the Northern Territory, Australia. It consists of a pastoral lease that is owned by the indigenous community Imaṉpa. It is located along the Luritja Highway, about 135 km east from Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park and 100 km south-east of Kings Canyon. It borders the Mount Ebenezer Station to the east and the Curtin Springs Station to the west. The property was made an indigenous protected area on 10 June 2009, and forms part of Australia's National Reserve System.

paragraphs: Angas Downs is part of the homeland of southern Luritja and northern Yankunytjatjara people. Together they are called Matutjara, and speak a dialect that is a mix of the two languages. The people living at Imaṉpa include Luritja, Yankunytjatjara and Pitjantjatjara. The property contains several places (songlines and sacred sites) that are important to native families' "Tjukurpa". Several animals that live in the reserve represent ancestral totems, reminders of people's identity, kinship and descent. Many of the plants and animals have also been important sources of food for the locals for thousands of years.

paragraphs: Previous land management practices and other pressures damaged Angas Downs and many native species disappeared. Game animals and edible plants are less common, and feral animals (camel and horse) and weeds are a major problem. The Central Land Council runs a ranger program in Imanpa.

paragraphs: The area of Angas Downs falls within the traditional homeland of the southern Luritja and northern Yankunytjatjara people. Together they are called Matutjara, and speak a dialect that is a mix of the two languages.

paragraphs: In the early 1920s, a pioneer named William Liddle came to this area looking for land in which he could raise sheep. He arrived at Wollunga, a soakage in the northern end of what is now Angas Downs, and found water there. Further south, he passed through a break in the Wollara Range, visiting another water hole near the site of what would later become the first homestead of Angas Downs. On his way south, Liddle located more water sources at Wilpiya (near the Kernot Range) and at Curtin Springs. In Oodnadatta in 1927, he bought 2000 sheep and drove them northwards along the Finke River and then southwards to the Wollara Range. In 1930, Liddle got a pastoral lease from the government for a block of land around the Wollara Range. He named his property Angas Downs, and settled here with his wife Mary (an Aranda woman) and their children. They built their homestead in the pass of the Wollara Range, which then became known as the Liddle Hills.

paragraphs: In 1945, William sold Angas Downs to two of his sons, Arthur and Milton. They moved the homestead to its present location, where there is a more reliable source of water. They also changed the station's stock from sheep to cattle. In 1947, another of William's sons, Harold Liddle, established a station of his own to the east at Mount Ebenezer. Arthur Liddle took over Milton's half of Angas Downs in 1956.

paragraphs: From July to October 1962, Frederick G. G. Rose stayed at Angas Downs and documented the local Aboriginal people and their way of life. He took a big interest in documenting how aboriginal culture was affected by contact with White civilisation. He also recorded the genealogy of the Liddle family and other Aboriginal families living on Angas Downs.

paragraphs: The Aboriginal community of Imaṉpa was formed near Mount Ebenezer in 1978. At Angas Downs, Arthur Liddle and his family continued to raise cattle during the 1980s and 1990s. As with many pastoral enterprises during this time, Angas Downs struggled with money. The property was eventually bought by the nearby Imaṉpa community, on 2 May 1994. Since then, it has been owned by the Imanpa Development Association, and managed by their company Lisanote Pty. Ltd. Angas Downs was declared an Indigenous Protected Area in 2009. The property still holds 300–400 cattle, which are restricted to a 266 km enclosure in the southeast.

paragraphs: The reserve covers about . The land is mostly flat, but there are two main ranges: the Kernot Range in the southwest and the Wollara Range (or Liddle Hills) in the centre. The old homestead is located in the centre of the property, in a valley of the Wollara Range. The new homestead is further to the south, along the Luritja Highway. This highway runs north–south through the middle of the property. It meets the Lasseter Highway at the southern end of the reserve. Important soakages on the property include Wollunga and Yaua in the north, Wallara in the southeast, and Wilpiya (also spelled Wilpia or Wilbia), located at the southeastern end of the Kernot Range.

paragraphs: Angas Downs contains many different types of plants and habitats, including woodlands, gypsum depressions, limestone plains, spinifex, sand dunes, woodlands, alluvial floodplains and quartzite hills. Several species of native mammals including echidnas, the Ooldea dunnart, kultarr, red kangaroo, eastern wallaroo, Gould's wattled bat, lesser long-eared bat, spinifex hopping mouse, sandy inland mouse and dingos have been recorded on the Angas Downs. Mala were previously present in the area, but are no longer seen on the property.

paragraphs: More than 90 species of birds have been recorded on the reserve. Emu, bustard (bush turkey), bush stone-curlew appear and mulga parrot, Major Mitchell's cockatoo, Australian ringneck, Bourke's parrot and budgerigar are common.

paragraphs: More than 50 reptile species have been recorded in the protected area since 2009. These include "Simoselaps betholdi" (Jan's banded snake), "Suta punctata" (little spotted snake), "Demansia psammophis" (yellow-faced whipsnake), "Tiliqua multifasciata" (centralian blue tongue), "Ramphotyphlops endoterus" (interior blind snake), "Pygopus nigriceps" (western hooded scaly-foot), "Nephrurus laevissimus", "Nephrurus levis levis", "Morethia ruficauda" and "Egernia inornata" (desert skink) among others.


title: Fernie, British Columbia

paragraphs: Fernie is a city in the Canadian province of British Columbia. Fernie is in the East Kootenay region of southeastern British Columbia.

paragraphs: The population of Fernie was 4 811 in 2011. The mayor of Fernie is Mary Giuliano.

paragraphs: Fernie is the only city-class municipality in Canada that is completely encircled by the Rocky Mountains. The Lizard Range in Fernie has the Fernie Alpine Resort, which is one of the largest ski resorts in Canada, as well as Island Lake Catskiing, which is a resort. The city is known for its mining history. Mount Fernie, Mount Klauer, The Three Sisters and Mount Proctor are on the north of Fernie. The fictional Kodiak Valley ski resort in the 2010 movie "Hot Tub Time Machine" was filmed at the Fernie Alpine Resort in Downtown Fernie.

paragraphs: Fernie has an ice hockey team, the Fernie Ghostriders which play in the Kootenay International Junior Hockey League.


title: Creepshow

paragraphs: Creepshow is a 1982 horror movie directed by George A. Romero and written by Stephen King. Some actors in the movie include Hal Holbrook, Adrienne Barbeau, Fritz Weaver, Don Keefer, Tom Atkins, Carrie Nye, Ted Danson, Ed Harris, Leslie Nielsen, Gwen Verdon and E. G. Marshall. Romero also help create the makeup and special effects along with artist Tom Savini. The movie had positive reviews. The movie was released on November 12, 1982. Two more sequels were made. Roger Ebert gave the movie 3 out of 4 stars.


title: Tokelauan language

paragraphs: Tokelauan is a Polynesian language. It is closely related to Tuvaluan. People who speak Tokelauan and people who speak Tuvaluan can understand each other.

paragraphs: Tokelauan is spoken in Tokelau, American Samoa, and by Tokelauan people in New Zealand.. It is one of the official languages of Tokelau (the other is English).

paragraphs: Tokelauan is written in the Roman alphabet, using 15 letters: a, e, i, o, u, f, g, k, l, m, n, p, h, t, and v.


title: Division of Flinders

paragraphs: The Division of Flinders is an Australian Electoral Division in Victoria. The division was one of the original 75 divisions set up for the first federal election in 1901. It once covered country areas south and east of Melbourne which are now outer southern suburbs on the Mornington Peninsula, including Dromana, Hastings and Portsea.

paragraphs: It is named for Matthew Flinders, the first man to sail right around Australia, and the person who gave Australia her name.

paragraphs: It has usually been a fairly safe seat for the Liberal Party and the earlier conservative parties. It was won by the Australian Labor Party in 1929 when Prime Minister Stanley Bruce was defeated. This was the first time an Australian Prime Minister has lost his own seat at a general election. The only other time this has happened was when Liberal Prime Minister John Howard lost his seat of Bennelong in the 2007 election.

paragraphs: James Faibairn was Australia's first Minister for Air; he was one of three government ministers killed in the Canberra air disaster in 1940.

paragraphs: Sir Phillip Lynch and Peter Reith were former Deputy Liberal leaders.

paragraphs: Greg Hunt was Minister for the Environment in the Abbott Government.


title: Sada Thompson

paragraphs: Sada Thompson (September 27, 1927 - May 4, 2011) was an American television, movie and stage actress. She acted in lots of stage plays, television shows and many very notable movies in her career.

paragraphs: Thompson was born in Des Moines, Iowa. She died from lung disease while in Connecticut.


title: Maggie McNamara

paragraphs: Maggie McNamara (June 18, 1927 - February 18, 1978) was an American actress and model. She acted mostly in movies. She was in the controversial 1953 movie "The Moon is Blue". McNamara acted in theater plays. She was born in New York City. McNamara committed suicide using barbiturates. She died at age 49.


title: Corrective rape

paragraphs: Corrective rape (sometimes called curative rape) is a hate crime where a person is raped, because of their perceived sexual orientation. People claim to be able to "cure" homosexuals by raping them. The people raping say that they can "correct" their orientation, to turn them heterosexual, or to make them "act" more in conformity with gender stereotypes. The term was coined in South Africa after well-known cases of corrective rapes of lesbians like Eudy Simelane and Zoliswa Nkonyana became public. There are many health problems associated with corrective rape, and although some countries have laws protecting LGBT people, corrective rape is often overlooked.


title: Bou Craa

paragraphs: Bou Craa is a town in Western Sahara, about from El Aaiún. It is a mining town, where phosphate is mined. The world's ongest conveyor belt connects it to the coast neare El Aaiún. Boucraa contains the largest known reserves of phosphate.


title: Mug Root Beer

paragraphs: Mug Root Beer is a root beer beverage made by PepsiCo. The beverage dates back to the early to mid 1940s in San Francisco, where the beverage was first produced. There are regular and diet versions. There is also Mug Cream Soda.


title: Fermat's little theorem

paragraphs: Fermat's little theorem is a theorem from number theory. It is named after Pierre de Fermat who found it in the 17th century. It is about the properties of primes. It says that if "a" is a number, and "p" is a prime, then

paragraphs: If a is not a multiple of p, then the following is often used:


title: Macedonians

paragraphs: Macedonians are people who live in North Macedonia. Macedonians are an indigenous ethnic group on the territory of Macedonia, which speaks the Macedonian language.

paragraphs: The Slavic languages from which Macedonian developed are thought to have grown in the region during the post-Roman period. Many parts of Macedonian culture developed during the rule of Medieval Byzantine, Bulgarian and Serbian Empires. Each of these empires controlled the region for a time.

paragraphs: Macedonians' genetic background is thought to be the same as Balkan prehistoric and historic demographic processes. This background is also found in other South Slavs, especially Bulgarians, Serbs, Bosnians, Montenegrins, but also in northern Greeks and Romanians.

paragraphs: The appearance of Ril Slavs in Macedonia and the Balkans happened after the end of Roman authority. Migrations into the area happened, but on a smaller scale:

paragraphs: "It is now generally agreed that the people who lived in the Balkans after the Slavic "invasions" were probably for the most part the same as those who had lived there earlier, although the creation of new political groups and arrival of small immigrants caused people to look at themselves as distinct from their neighbours, including the Byzantines".

paragraphs: Later, the Sclaveni in Macedonia were added into the Bulgarian Empire.

paragraphs: The history of the ethnic Macedonians has been shaped by population shifts and political developments in the region of Macedonia. After the end of the Ottoman Empire in the early 20th century, the Socialist Republic of Macedonia was created after World War II, a state in the framework of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

paragraphs: A large majority of ethnic Macedonians live along the valley of the river Vardar, the central region of North Macedonia. They form about 64.18% of the population of North Macedonia (1,297,981 people according to the 2002 census). Smaller numbers live in eastern Albania, northern Greece, and southern Serbia, mostly near the border areas of North Macedonia. A large number of Macedonians have immigrated overseas to Australia, United States, Canada and in many European countries: Germany, the United Kingdom, Italy, and Austria, among others.

paragraphs: In the past, the Macedonian population was mostly involved with agriculture. The beginning of the People's Republic of Macedonia started a social change. The change was based on Socialist principles, a middle and heavy industry were started.

paragraphs: The Macedonian language () is a member of the Eastern group of South Slavic languages. Standard Macedonian was started as the official language of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia. After being codified in the 1940s, a strong literary tradition has developed.

paragraphs: The closest relative of Macedonian is Bulgarian, followed by Serbo-Croat. All the South Slavic languages, including Macedonian, form a dialect continuum, in which Macedonian is between Bulgarian and Serbian. The Torlakian dialect group is intermediate between Bulgarian, Macedonian and Serbian.

paragraphs: The orthography of Macedonian includes an alphabet, which is an adaptation of the Cyrillic script. There are also language-specific ways of spelling and punctuation.


title: Gender role

paragraphs: Gender role is the idea that people should behave in certain ways because of their gender. As an example, in a hunter-gatherer economy, men usually do more hunting and women do more gathering. In a money economy, it was traditionally the role of the man to earn money, and the role of the woman to educate the children. Such behavior may be a result of social and cultural factors. In the case it is the result of socialization. There is still a discussion to what extent the observed behaviour is a function of the personality, and to what extent social factors play a role in the determinatioon of gender-specific differences in behaviour.

paragraphs: Gender roles are dependent on the culture and history of the society that they are part of. While most cultures express two genders, some express more. Androgyny, for example, has been proposed as a third gender. Other societies have been claimed to have more than five genders, and some non-Western ones have three genders – man, woman and third gender. Gender expression refers to the external manifestation of one's gender identity, through "masculine," "feminine," or gender-variant or gender neutral behavior, clothing, hairstyles, or body characteristics.

paragraphs: The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women says that stereotyped gender role should be abolished.


title: Dryadoideae

paragraphs: The Dryadoideae subfamily of the Rosaceae consists of four genera. These genera are unusual in the family Rosaceae because they all have the nitrogen-fixing bacteria called "Frankia" in their roots. Dryadoideae plants are subshrubs, shrubs, or small trees. Their fruits are either an achene or an aggregate of achenes.


title: Mont-Saint-Hilaire, Quebec

paragraphs: Mont-St-Hilaire is a small town in the province of Quebec. This small city is along the Richelieu River on the south shore of Montreal city. In 2011, Mont-St-Hilaire had a population of 18 000 citizens. There are many new neighborhoods on the mountain side.

paragraphs: The first Lord of Mont-St-Hilaire was Jean-Baptiste Hertel de Rouville in 1694. Mr. Hertel bought the mountain before anyone was living there. In 1745, the first village was built. In 1768, the first road "Chemin de La Montagne" was built to give access to the first citizens.

paragraphs: In 1837, the Mont St-Hilaire’s church was built. In 1898, a famous painter named Ozias Leduc painted the church. The sculptor Jodi Bonnet and the painters Ozias Leduc and Paul-Émile Borduas lived in the town.

paragraphs: Many activities are available in this small city. You could hiking in the mountain, picking apple, or to get one the bicycle on the cycle track


title: The Weeknd

paragraphs: Abel Makkonen Tesfaye (born 16 February 1990), better known by his stage name The Weeknd, is a Canadian singer, songwriter, and record producer. Tesfaye has helped broadened R&B's musical palette to incorporate indie and electronic styles; his work has been categorized with the alternative R&B tag.

paragraphs: Tesfaye anonymously uploaded several songs to YouTube under the name "The Weeknd" in 2010 and released the critically acclaimed mixtapes "House of Balloons", "Thursday", and "Echoes of Silence" in 2011. The mixtapes were later remastered and rereleased on the compilation album "Trilogy" (2012), after he signed with Republic Records and created his own record label XO. Tesfaye has had three No. 1 releases ("Beauty Behind the Madness" in 2015, "Starboy" in 2016, and "My Dear Melancholy" in 2018) and a No. 2 release ("Kiss Land" in 2013) on the US "Billboard" 200. He has earned eight top-ten entries on the "Billboard" Hot 100: "Love Me Harder" with Ariana Grande; "Earned It"; "I Feel It Coming"; "Pray for Me" with Kendrick Lamar; "Call Out My Name"; and the number one singles "The Hills", "Can't Feel My Face", and "Starboy". In 2015, Tesfaye became the first artist to simultaneously hold the top three positions on the "Billboard" Hot R&B Songs chart with "Can't Feel My Face", "Earned It", and "The Hills".

paragraphs: Tesfaye has won three Grammy Awards, eight "Billboard" Music Awards, two American Music Awards, nine Juno Awards, and has been nominated for one Academy Award.

paragraphs: Tesfaye was born on 16 February 1990 in Toronto, Ontario, and was raised in the district of Scarborough, in the city's east end. He is the only child of Makkonen and Samra Tesfaye, who were Ethiopian immigrants to Canada in the late 1980s.

paragraphs: During Tesfaye's youth, his mother worked several jobs in order to support the family, including jobs as a nurse and caterer. This was alongside attending night school to learn English. Tesfaye's father abandoned the family when he was a toddler, resulting in Tesfaye being cared for by his grandmother and mother. While living with his grandmother Tesfaye learned Amharic, which he also spoke with his mother, and attended Ethiopian Orthodox church services. Tesfaye stated this in an interview regarding his father, "I saw him vaguely when I was six, and then again when I was 11 or 12, and he had a new family and kids. I don't even know where he lived — I'd see him for, like, a night. I'm sure he's a great guy. I never judged him. He wasn't abusive; he wasn't an alcoholic; he wasn't an asshole. He just wasn't there."

paragraphs: Tesfaye self-describes his teenage years as the film ""Kids" without the AIDS". Tesfaye states he began smoking marijuana at age 11, and later moved on to harder drugs. Tesfaye claims he often shoplifted to supplement his use of ecstasy, oxycodone, xanax, cocaine, psilocybin, and ketamine.

paragraphs: Tesfaye attended West Hill Collegiate Institute and Birchmount Park Collegiate Institute in Scarborough, Toronto, from which he did not graduate, leaving altogether in 2007., after which Tesfaye also left home. Tesfaye moved to the Parkdale neighborhood of Toronto. Tesfaye has credited his stage name as being inspired by his high school dropout status, claiming "after [he] left one weekend and never came home", though producer Jeremy Rose claims the name was his idea. The spelling was modified in order to avoid trademark issues with the Canadian band The Weekend.

paragraphs: Tesfaye met Jeremy Rose in 2010, a producer who had an idea for a dark R&B musical project. After initially trying to pitch the idea to musician Curtis Santiago, Rose played one of his instrumentals for Tesfaye, who freestyle rapped over it. This led to the two collaborating on an album. Rose produced three songs – "What You Need", "Loft Music", and "The Morning" – and others that Tesfaye had rapped on, which were ultimately scrapped. Rose let Tesfaye keep the tracks he had produced under the condition that he would ultimately be credited for them. In December 2010, Tesfaye uploaded "What You Need", "Loft Music" and "The Morning" to YouTube under his stage name, although his identity was initially unknown. The songs drew some attention online, and were later included in a blog post from Drake. The songs subsequently received coverage from various media outlets, including "Pitchfork" and "The New York Times". Before adopting the stage name "The Weeknd", he worked under the aliasses of "The Noise" and "Kin Kane".

paragraphs: On 21 March 2011, Tesfaye self-released his debut mixtape "House of Balloons". The mixtape included production from Canadian producers Illangelo and Doc McKinney, and included the tracks produced by Rose, although, he did not receive production credits. "House of Balloons" was met with critical acclaim. It was named as one of ten shortlisted nominees for the 2011 Polaris Music Prize.

paragraphs: Tesfaye began a tour of Toronto, with his first live performance at the city's Mod Club venue. Drake was in attendance to view the performance, which ran for a total of ninety minutes. Drake approached Tesfaye and described a potential musical collaboration between the pair. Tesfaye accompanied Drake at his various shows, often performing as the opening act for shows scheduled at the Molson Canadian Amphitheatre, as well as appearing at the second annual OVO Fest in July. Over the summer of 2011, Tesfaye contributed to five songs on Drake's "Take Care", both as a writer and a featured artist.

paragraphs: Tesfaye refrained from participating in interviews, choosing to communicate via Twitter, after the album was released. This was credited as a successful advertising tactic for Tesfaye second mixtape "Thursday", which was released on 18 August 2011. It was also subject to acclaim from music critics. Tesfaye's third mixtape "Echoes of Silence" was released on 21 December 2011, a year after his debut singles, and also saw positive critical reception.

paragraphs: Following this release, the three mixtapes were collectively known as the "Balloons Trilogy", and saw Tesfaye receiving offers from various record labels.

paragraphs: In April 2012, Tesfaye began his first tour of the United States, with a performance at the Coachella Festival. The tour culminated in New York with back-to-back sold-out shows, which were positively reviewed by "Rolling Stone". Tesfaye expanded his tour to accompany Europe, performing at various European festivals, including the Primavera Sound Festivals in Spain and Portugal, and the Wireless Festival in London. Covering "Dirty Diana" at his performance in London, he received positive responses from both Katy Perry and Florence Welch, who noted the singer's ability to successfully undertake a complex song. In June, the "Balloons Trilogy" was revealed to have been downloaded over 8 million times, which allowed Tesfaye to initiate formal commercial release of the projects later that year.

paragraphs: In September 2012, Tesfaye signed with Republic Records in a joint venture with his own imprint XO. The compilation album for the mixtapes entitled "Trilogy", was released two months later, and consisted of several remastered versions of songs, as well as three additional ones. It also officially credited Rose as a producer and writer on the three songs from "House of Balloons" for which he did not initially receive credit. "Trilogy" charted at number four on the U.S. "Billboard" 200 with first-week sales of 86,000 copies. It also debuted at number five on the Canadian Albums Chart, with similar sales. "Trilogy" was later certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and double-platinum by Music Canada in May 2013. He had also gained a nomination for the Sound of 2013 poll award by the BBC a week later.

paragraphs: On 16 May 2013, Tesfaye premiered the title track to his debut studio album "Kiss Land", and announced the album's release date as 10 September. The album was later promoted by the singles "Belong to the World" and "Live For" featuring Drake, as well as with Tesfaye embarking on The Fall tour a week prior to the album's release. Upon release, "Kiss Land" debuted at number two on the U.S. "Billboard" 200, selling 96,000 copies. It was later confirmed to have sold over 273,000 copies in the United States, as well as receiving generally positive reviews from music critics.

paragraphs: Tesfaye appeared on the 20/20 Experience World Tour, joining headline act Justin Timberlake for six shows. This was three weeks prior to his contributions to the for "" (2013), contributing "Devil May Cry", as well as featuring on Sia's "Elastic Heart". The latter proved to be the second lead single from the soundtrack.

paragraphs: In 2014, Tesfaye remixed "Drunk in Love", a single by Beyoncé from her eponymous studio album. Retaining the theme and concept of the song, he detailed the synopsis through the perspective of a male. The remix was well-received, and came days prior to the announcement of Tesfaye's first headlining tour, entitled the King of the Fall tour. The tour was held across the United States in September and October, and saw Schoolboy Q and Jhené Aiko as supporting acts. This oversaw his release of the single "Often", leading to speculation it was the first single from his second studio album. He later collaborated with Ariana Grande on a duet titled "Love Me Harder", which peaked at number seven on the "Billboard" Hot 100. Days later, he released "Earned It", a single from "Fifty Shades of Grey" (2015). This marked his second contribution to a movie, and peaked at number three on the "Billboard" Hot 100.

paragraphs: After Tesfaye won the Centric Award at the 2015 BET Awards, he performed "Earned It" with Alicia Keys, as well as debuting the song "The Hills". "The Hills" was later released for digital download, and debuted at number twenty on the "Billboard" Hot 100. The single later went on to top the chart, marking Tesfaye's first number-one single. The single was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).

paragraphs: A further three songs were leaked online in the corresponding days. On 8 June, "Can't Feel My Face", one of the leaked tracks, was released as a second single, following its performance at the Apple Worldwide Developers Conference. The song debuted at number twenty-four on the "Billboard" Hot 100, and reached number-one on the Hot 100, making it his third top 10 hit, and his second number-one hit in the United States. He occupied all three slots on "Billboard's" Hot R&B Songs chart simultaneously with the aforementioned singles, becoming the first artist in history to accomplish this. He headlined FVDED in the Park, a festival in Surrey, British Columbia. Tesfaye was unveiled as one of the musical faces of the streaming service Apple Music, a position he harbored with frequent collaborator Drake. During the 2015 MTV Video Music Awards, Apple debuted a two-part promotional commercial featuring Tesfaye, which had a guest appearance from John Travolta. It was revealed that his second studio album would be titled "Beauty Behind the Madness".

paragraphs: "Beauty Behind the Madness" was released on 28 August 2015, and debuted atop the "Billboard" 200, earning 412,000 album equivalent units in its first week. It reached the top 10 in over ten countries, as well as reaching number one in Canada, Australia, Norway, and the United Kingdom. The album was promoted by Tesfaye headlining various summer music festivals, including Lollapalooza, the Hard Summer Music Festival, and the Bumbershoot Festival. He announced his first large-scale tour across the United States, which began in November, and concluded in December. The album went double platinum in the US, and sold 1.5 million copies worldwide. It was reported to be the most-streamed album throughout 2015, with over 60 million, as well as being ranked on multiple lists concerned with detailing albums of the year.

paragraphs: On 8 September, Tesfaye became the first male artist to have simultaneously held the top three spots on the Billboard Hot R&B Songs chart, with the three singles that preceded the release of his album. They all went platinum in the United States. After engaging in multiple musical collaborations with Belly, Meek Mill, and Travis Scott, Tesfaye was featured on "Low Life", the triple platinum single from Future's fourth studio album. Tesfaye appeared on "Saturday Night Live" alongside actress Amy Schumer, performing as the show's musical guest on 10 October. This was his first performance on the show as a solo artist, after appearing with Ariana Grande to perform "Love Me Harder".

paragraphs: Tesfaye was featured on "FML", a track on Kanye West's "The Life of Pablo". It marked the second collaboration between the pair, with West providing production and writing on "Tell Your Friends" from "Beauty Behind the Madness". Tesfaye appeared on "6 Inch", the fifth song on Beyoncé's "Lemonade". He was announced by Spotify as being among the top five most streamed artists in their first year partnering with Sony to provide the streaming service on the PlayStation 4.

paragraphs: On 24 August, in preparation for his third studio album, Republic Records executive vice-president Wendy Goldstein confirmed Tesfaye began collaborations with French electronic music duo Daft Punk. A month later, the album's title was announced as "Starboy", and had a release date of 25 November. He released the album's title track, which features Daft Punk. The song received platinum certification and went to number one in the United States, as well as in various other countries. A second collaboration with Daft Punk, entitled "I Feel It Coming", was released a week proceeding the album's release, alongside the solo efforts "Party Monster" and "False Alarm". Tesfaye returned to "Saturday Night Live" on 10 October, performing "Starboy" and "False Alarm". He released a 12-minute short film, titled "M A N I A", on 23 November. Directed by Grant Singer, it featured excerpts from the album, including snippets from "All I Know" featuring Future, "Sidewalks" featuring Kendrick Lamar, "Secrets" and "Die for You".

paragraphs: In 2017, Tesfaye appeared on Future's sixth studio album, as well as on the debut single from Nav, who was signed by XO in January. He became the first feature utilized by Lana Del Rey, appearing on "Lust for Life", the title track and second single from her fifth studio album. He was featured on French Montana's "A Lie", the third single from his second album "Jungle Rules" and on Cashmere Cat's debut single "Wild Love" from his album "9". He appeared on the Virgil Abloh-directed music video for Lil Uzi Vert's "XO Tour Llif3" alongside XO signee Nav. He was later featured on Lil Uzi Vert's debut album and Gucci Mane's eleventh studio album "Mr. Davis." He gained a Grammy nomination for Best Urban Contemporary Album at the 60th Annual Grammy Awards for "Starboy" and ended up winning the award.

paragraphs: On 31 January 2018, Top Dawg Entertainment revealed the full tracklist of the Kendrick Lamar-curated "Black Panther" soundtrack album with Tesfaye featured on one of the tracks, "Pray for Me". On 2 February 2018, it was released as the soundtrack's third single. This marks the second collaboration between Tesfaye and Lamar, after the song "Sidewalks" on the "Starboy" album.

paragraphs: On 27 March 2018, Tesfaye began publicity for a new official release in an Instagram post. On 29 March 2018, a billboard appeared in London, England promoting a possible album titled "My Dear Melancholy," and on the same day the project was officially announced. On 30 March 2018, the extended play "My Dear Melancholy," was released.

paragraphs: The Weeknd has won 3 awards from 10 nominations.

paragraphs: Tesfaye began dating model Bella Hadid at the beginning of 2015; the couple were first seen together in April at Coachella. Hadid later starred in his music video "In the Night" in December. They also made a red carpet appearance as a couple at the 2016 Grammy Awards. On 11 November 2016, it was reported that the couple had split; citing their conflicting schedules as the rationale for the relationship's termination. Tesfaye reportedly started dating Selena Gomez in January 2017 and they moved in together temporarily in September 2017 in Greenwich Village, New York. They broke up in October 2017. As of May 2018, Tesfaye and Hadid began dating again.

paragraphs: Tesfaye often used drugs to help get over writer's block on earlier albums and also abused illegal substances such as "... Ketamine, cocaine, MDMA, mushrooms and cough syrup". Speaking in December 2013, Tesfaye said that drugs were a "crutch" for him when it came to writing music. On social media he typically suffixed his first name with "xo". According to writer Hermione Hoby, it is meant as an emoticon for "a kiss and a hug", while VH1's Zara Golden's stated that it is a reference to his recreational use of ecstasy and oxycodone. He later altered the handles on his social media to reflect his stage name in preparation for the release of "Starboy".

paragraphs: Tesfaye's hairstyle has been claimed to be partly inspired by Jean-Michel Basquiat and has been described as his most recognizable trait. In an interview, he detailed that he began growing it out in 2011, and remarked at the easiness in maintaining it, with "a hard shampoo every once in a while". He eventually cut his hair in 2016 prior to the release of "Starboy".

paragraphs: In his leisure time, he enjoys watching television and is an avid video game fan. In the context of media outlets reporting cases of police brutality, in 2016, he expressed disdain, tweeting "blue lives murder". In May 2016, Tesfaye and Belly cancelled an appearance on "Jimmy Kimmel Live!" due to Donald Trump being present.

paragraphs: In January 2015, Tesfaye was arrested for punching a Las Vegas police officer. Tesfaye pleaded no contest, and was sentenced to 50 hours of community service. In December 2015, Tesfaye was sued by Cutting Edge Music, who alleged that the bass line for "The Hills" had been taken from a composition featured in the score for "The Machine".

paragraphs: In September 2018, Tesfaye and Daft Punk were sued for allegedly stealing the rhythm from a self-described poet, singer and songwriter named Yasminah.

paragraphs: Prior to being presented a Bikila Award for Professional Excellence in 2014, Tesfaye donated $50,000 towards a class at the University of Toronto on Ge'ez, the classic language of Ethiopia. In August 2016 he continued donations to the University of Toronto, in the creation of a new Ethiopic Studies program.

paragraphs: In May 2016 Tesfaye has also donated $50,000 for the St. Mary Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church in Toronto, Canada. In August 2016, Tesfaye also donated $250,000 to Black Lives Matter. In December 2015, he worked with Ryan Seacrest's foundation to visit Children's Hospital in Atlanta.

paragraphs: In June 2017, Tesfaye donated $100,000 to the Suubi Health Center, a maternity and children's medical facility in Budondo, Uganda. Tesfaye was inspired to support the center after learning of his friend French Montana's work with Global Citizen and Mama Hope to help raise awareness for Suubi and the people of Uganda.


title: Horse harness

paragraphs: A horse harness is a piece of equipment that allows a horse to pull a vehicle such as a carriage, wagon or sleigh. Harnesses may also be used to hitch animals to other loads such as a plough. Harnesses can be in leather or in biothane with stainless or chrome. Draft horses can be hitched on a cart: two-wheel buggies, or wagons. Light horses can be hitched on sulky, four-wheel buggies or antic wagons.


title: Kale

paragraphs: Kale is a vegetable with green or purple leaves. It is also called borecole. It is in the group of vegetables called "Brassica oleracea" or wild cabbage. It is cruciferous because of the shape of its flowers.

paragraphs: A plant that would have been first cultivated in the Mediterranean area, it was called in these times cabbage well before the well rounded variety existed. Kale was a significant crop in Roman times; it became a basic staple for peasants in the Middle Ages and it was brought in the United States by the English in the XVII century.

paragraphs: Kale is one of the most resistant from the cabbage family; it can support temperatures as low as -15 °C but it doesn’t sustain high temperatures. Since it resists to cold temperatures and grows easily, kale was for a long time a very appreciated winter vegetable especially in Scotland, Germany, Holland and Scandinavia. Today, it is eaten the world over.

paragraphs: Kale has large stringy leaves, very curly, with a well-marked flavor. Their color varies from pale green to dark green, sometimes to blue-tinted green. Those leaves are not well rounded, a characteristic expressed by the Latin word which describes this variety of cabbage « acephala » and which means « without head ». Those leaves surmount a fine whitish and very fibrous stem, it can measure from 30 to 40 cm. Kale is so decorative that ornamental varieties were developed.

paragraphs: Kale is an excellent source of vitamin K, C, A and manganese; it is a very good source of fiber, copper, tryptophan, calcium, vitamin B6 and potassium. Kale is a good source of iron, magnesium, vitamin E, omega 3 fats, vitamin B2, protein, vitamin B1, folate, phosphorus and vitamin B3.

paragraphs: Kale is rarely eaten raw. We can add it sparingly to salads. It transmits its well-marked taste to soups and stews. You can blanch it to attenuate its flavour. Kale is delicious coated with sauce, sprinkled with cheese or in purée (alone or with mashed potatoes).

paragraphs: Choose kale with firm leaves, well colored and relatively small, without stain or mold. One cup cooked makes 130 grams. Cut the leaves around the stem, cut the core, separate each leaf. Wash well with running water or with vinegary water to remove dirt and bugs that could remain. We cook kale in water or we steam it from 20 to 30 min, braised in a slow cooker, stuffed or sautéed in a wok.

paragraphs: Put the kale leaves very tight rather than loose in refrigerator without washing it, inside a perforated plastic bag. It can be kept in this way from five to ten days, but it is more flavorful and less bitter when it is eaten rapidly. Kale can be frozen after having been blanched two to three minutes, until the leaves soften a bit.


title: Dakhla, Western Sahara

paragraphs: Dakhla is a city in the south of Morocco. It lies about south of El Aaiún. When South Morocco was under Spanish rule the name of the city was Villa Cisneros. The city was founded in the 16th century. Today, its main economic activities are fishing and tourism. In 2004, 55,618 people lived there. The city is built on a narrow peninsula of the Atlantic Coast


title: Belsize Park

paragraphs: Belsize Park is an area in the London Borough of Camden in northwest London.


title: Boeing 377

paragraphs: The Boeing 377, sometimes called the Stratocruiser, was an airliner made by Boeing after World War II. It was made from the C-97 Stratofreighter, which was a type of Boeing B-29 Superfortress used to move troops around. The Stratocruiser first took off on July 8, 1947.

paragraphs: The Stratocruiser had four piston engines. It had a pressurized cabin and two decks. Airlines could fly for much longer with the Stratocruiser, to places like Hawaii.

paragraphs: However, the Stratocruiser was a lot more expensive than the Douglas DC-6 and Lockheed Constellation. Only 55 Stratocruisers were made for airlines.

paragraphs: The Boeing 377 used the bottom and the wings of the B-50 Superfortress. The 377 was bigger than the Lockheed Constellation and Douglas DC-6 and it could fly for longer. Boeing stopped making the 377 in 1950.

paragraphs: Pressurization (first used on the Boeing 307) meant that if the plane was flying at , to the passengers it would be like they were on the ground.

paragraphs: 56 Stratocruisers were made. 55 of these were made for airlines.

paragraphs: The Stratocruiser flew to Hawaii as well as many other places. It was one of the only planes with two decks (another one was the Breguet Deux-Ponts) until the Boeing 747 was made.

paragraphs: In the early 1960s the Stratocruiser was overtaken by jet planes like the de Havilland Comet, Boeing 707 and Douglas DC-8.

paragraphs: Many other types were made, but most of them only had changes made to the shape of the windows.

paragraphs: A company called Aero Spacelines started changing 377s to planes called Guppies in 1960s. There were three types: the Pregnant Guppy, Super Guppy, and Mini Guppy.

paragraphs: The first of them was the Pregnant Guppy. After this they made the Super Guppy and then the Mini Guppy. The Super Guppy and the Mini Guppy had turboprop engines.

paragraphs: The Stratocruiser had 13 hull-loss accidents between 1951 and 1970. A hull-loss accident is when a plane is damaged so badly it cannot be fixed. 140 people died in these. The worst accident happened on April 29, 1952.


title: Trading Places

paragraphs: Trading Places is a 1983 American comedy movie. It is a satire directed by John Landis. It is set in Philadelphia and New York City. It stars Dan Aykroyd, Eddie Murphy, Ralph Bellamy, Don Ameche, Denholm Elliott and Jamie Lee Curtis.


title: Kabbalah

paragraphs: Kabbalah (also Cabala or Qabbālâ) is a Jewish mysticism of the Torah. The kabbalah started in the 1st-century by Rabbi Simeon bar Yochai. It continued in the 13th century in Spain by Rabbi Moses de León. It tries to explain how something beyond thought and imagining can still be seen and felt. The kabbalah has a great influence on the Jewish spiritual life. It is based on the various spiritual movements.

paragraphs: The kabbalah is based on the tree of the 10 Sephirot called the "Tree of Life". In the tree are presented the 10 powers that affect each domain in the world.


title: Bronchoscopy

paragraphs: Bronchoscopy is a medical procedure which is used to look at the inside of a person's airway's. It can be used to see the inside of the trachea, and the bronchi and bronchioles within the lungs. There are three types of bronchoscopy: rigid, flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy and CT virtual bronchoscopy (CTVB).

paragraphs: Rigid bronchoscopy is a straight rigid tube used to see into the trachea and proximal bronchi. It is usually done in an operating room under general anesthesia. It is usually used when there is a blockage in either the trachea or the primary bronchi. The diameter of the tube is large enough to insert instruments to remove obstructions.

paragraphs: During the procedure, a thin, flexible fiberoptic tube called a bronchoscope. is passed through the nose or mouth nose into the airways. The bronchoscope has a light and a camera which lets the doctor see into the airway.

paragraphs: This technique uses data from multiple CT scans to create a three dimensional (3D) image. This allows doctors to see what is going on without having to operate.


title: Hibiscus trionum

paragraphs: Hibiscus trionum is an annual plant that is native to the east of the Mediterranean in the Levant.

paragraphs: It has spread both because people grow it as a garden plant, and because it can grow as a weed. The plant grows to a height of 20-50 cm, sometimes as much as 80 cm, and has white or yellow flowers with a purple centre. Common names for the same plant include bladder hibiscus, bladder ketmia, bladder weed, flower-of-an-hour, flower-of-the-hour, modesty, puarangi, shoofly, and venice mallow.


title: Golders Green

paragraphs: Golders Green is a suburban area in the London Borough of Barnet in northwest London. Many Jews live in Golders Green.


title: Neil Clark Warren

paragraphs: Dr. Neil Clark Warren (born September 18, 1934) is an American Christian theologian, inspirational speaker, chairman and co-founder of the online dating services eHarmony and Compatible Partners.

paragraphs: Warren was born on September 18, 1934 in Urbandale, Iowa.He was raised in both Des Moines, Iowa and in Chicago, Illinois. Warren studied at Pepperdine University, at the Princeton Theological Seminary, and at the University of Chicago. He now lives in Kennebunkport, Maine.


title: Peter Yarrow

paragraphs: Peter Yarrow (born May 31, 1938) is an American singer. He is known for his songs such as "Puff, the Magic Dragon", "Lemon Tree", and "I'm In Love with a Big Blue Frog". He is also a political activist and supported veterans' rights.

paragraphs: Yarrow was born on May 31, 1938 in New York City, New York to a Ukrainian-Jewish family. He studied at High School of Music and Art and at Cornell University. Yarrow is married to Mary Beth McCarthy (niece of Eugene McCarthy). They have two children.


title: Simon of Cyrene

paragraphs: Simon of Cyrene is a man who was forced by the Romans to carry the cross of Jesus. He is found in the Gospel of Luke, the Gospel of Matthew and the Gospel of Mark.


title: James T. Kirk

paragraphs: James Tiberius Kirk is a fictional character in the television and movie franchise "Star Trek". He the captain of the Starship "Enterprise". Kirk is played by actor William Shatner and by Chris Pine.


title: Long Thanh International Airport

paragraphs: Long Thanh International Airport () is a planned international airport (under contruction) in Long Thanh, Dong Nai Province, in southern Vietnam. The airport is planned to be open in 2020.


title: A Room with a View (movie)

paragraphs: A Room with a View is a 1985 British romantic drama movie. It is based on the novel of the same name by E.M. Forster. It was directed by James Ivory and produced by Ismail Merchant. It is set in Florence, Italy and in Surrey, England during the 1900s. It stars Helena Bonham Carter, Maggie Smith, Julian Sands, Denholm Elliott, Daniel Day-Lewis, Judi Dench and Simon Callow.


title: Public broadcasting

paragraphs: Public broadcasting is television or radio broadcasting which is not run for profit. In some cases, it is state-owned. Examples include the BBC in the UK, PBS in the United States and NHK in Japan.


title: Brookline, Massachusetts

paragraphs: Brookline is a city in Massachusetts. It is west of Boston, Massachusetts. The 2010 United States Census reported that Brookline's population is 58,732. The city was settled in 1638. Brookline was incorporated in 1705.


title: Richard Scarry

paragraphs: Richard Scarry (1919-1994) was an American from Boston who wrote and drew pictures for children's books. While his books are largely populated by animal species such as dogs, cats, raccoons, bears, owls, goats, foxes, wolves, rabbits, lions, tigers, hippos, pigs, mice, elephants, crocodiles, beavers, walruses, and more. His work became popular in the 1960s, and led to a cartoon show on Showtime (TV channel) and Nickelodeon.


title: Children's literature

paragraphs: Children's literature refers to books written for children and young people. Many famous authors wrote for children including Hans Christian Andersen, Beatrix Potter, Dr. Seuss, A.A. Milne, J. M. Barrie, Edith Nesbit, Enid Blyton, Lewis Carroll, Astrid Lindgren, JRR Tolkien and C. S. Lewis. The Newbery Medal is an award given to writers for children.

paragraphs: Children's literature can be divided into several categories, but it is most easily categorised by genre or the intended age of the reader. An example of a classification based on age is young-adult fiction, which is written for children between the ages of 12 and 18.

paragraphs: A literary genre is the style of the book. It also refers to the technique, tone, content, or length.

paragraphs: Many children's books are meant to teach children the consequences of engaging in "bad" behaviour, such as running away, stealing and lying. "Tom Sawyer" and "Toby Tyler" are two notable examples of the genre.


title: Deborah Jeane Palfrey

paragraphs: Deborah Jeane Palfrey (March 18, 1956 - May 1, 2008) was an American businesswoman and criminal. She was best known by the name she was given by the media, the D.C. Madam. Palfrey operated an escort agency, Pamela Martin and Associates, in Washington D.C. She was convicted on April 15, 2008 of racketeering, using the mail for illegal purposes, and money laundering. Two weeks later, at age 52, she was found hanged in a garage. Autopsy results and the police said her death was a suicide.

paragraphs: Palfrey was born in the Pittsburgh suburb of Charleroi, Pennsylvania. She grew up in Orlando, Florida.


title: Fumihiko Maki

paragraphs: In 1993, he won the Pritzker Architecture Prize.