title: Ed Schafer

paragraphs: Edward Thomas "Ed" Schafer (born August 8, 1946) is a former Governor of North Dakota. He was Secretary of Agriculture from January 28 2008 to January 20 2009. He was a member of the United States Republican Party.

paragraphs: Ed Schafer was sworn in as the 29th Secretary of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) on January 28, 2008.

paragraphs: Secretary Schafer brings a record as an innovative two-term governor of North Dakota to USDA along with extensive private sector experience as both an entrepreneur and a business executive.

paragraphs: Schafer served as North Dakota's governor from 1992 to 2000 and made diversifying and expanding North Dakota's economy, reducing the cost of government and advancing agriculture his top priorities in office.

paragraphs: He worked to normalize trading relations with China and develop that nation as an export market for North Dakota farm products. He also led efforts to upgrade North Dakota's communications infrastructure and make high-speed voice and data networks available to farmers, ranchers and rural businesses.

paragraphs: To expand the state's job base, he encouraged the growth of value-added agricultural industries such as pasta and corn sweetener manufacturing.

paragraphs: As governor, Schafer managed a state workforce of 12,000 people, oversaw a budget of $4.6 billion, and led the state's response to emergencies such as the severe floods that hit the Grand Forks area in 1997.

paragraphs: As chair of the Western Governors Association, Schafer led regional efforts to demonstrate how technology could improve the efficiency and lower the cost of delivering government services such as health benefits and food stamps. He also worked to make telemedicine more available and affordable in rural areas.

paragraphs: Schafer was elected chair of the Republican Governors Association in 2000 and that same year he co-founded and co-chaired the Governors Biotechnology Partnership to increase public understanding and support for the benefits of agricultural biotechnology.

paragraphs: He has had a lifelong interest in conservation and helped arrange the U.S. Forest Service's May 2007 purchase of the 5,200 acre Elkhorn ranch in North Dakota. The site was where Theodore Roosevelt had his home and operated a cattle ranch in the 1880s. It is near the preserved town of Medora-the state's leading tourist attraction.

paragraphs: Born and raised in Bismarck, North Dakota, Schafer graduated from the University of North Dakota in 1969 with a bachelor's degree in Business Administration and earned an MBA from the University of Denver in 1970.

paragraphs: Secretary Schafer's grandfather immigrated to North Dakota from Denmark and homesteaded land in Hettinger County that he turned into a wheat and livestock farm. Schafer spent summers there while growing up. He helped his uncles with chores, tinkered with engines and learned firsthand about agriculture.

paragraphs: Before entering public life, Schafer was an executive with the Gold Seal Company in Bismarck, a successful marketer of nationally-known consumer products such as "Mr. Bubble" bubble bath, "Glass Wax" glass cleaner and "Snowy Bleach." The company had been founded by his father, Harold Schafer.

paragraphs: Secretary Schafer joined Gold Seal after he earned his MBA and held a series of management positions with the company before becoming president in 1978. Under his leadership, Gold Seal's sales climbed to $50 million through acquisitions and new product introductions and its net worth tripled. It was sold in 1986. Schafer then went on to launch several new businesses, including a commercial real estate development company, a fish farm and a classic car dealership

paragraphs: After leaving office in 2000, he co-founded Extend America, a venture capital-backed company, to provide wireless voice and high-speed data services to commercial and residential customers in five rural Midwestern states.

paragraphs: He also served as a director of the Theodore Roosevelt Medora Foundation that oversees the historic town's operations and became active in leading several other nonprofit and citizens advocacy groups in North Dakota.

paragraphs: Secretary Schafer enjoys the outdoors and his hobbies include bicycling, hiking, scuba diving and restoring classic automobiles. He and his wife, Nancy, have four children; Tom Schafer, Ellie Schafer and Eric Jones and Kari Jones; and eight grandchildren.

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title: Azua, Dominican Republic

paragraphs: The Dominican city of Azua de Compostela, or simply Azua, is the head municipality of the Azua province, on the south of the country, about 5 km north of the Caribbean coast. It is also called sometimes "Compostela de Azua".

paragraphs: "Azua" is the Taíno name of the region where the old city was founded. In this place, Pedro Gallego (or Pedro Mariscal), a Spanish colonist, developed a farm and he gave it the name of "Compostela" after Santiago de Compostela in Galicia, nortwestern Spain.

paragraphs: The municipality had, in 2010, a total population of 91,345: 46,280 men and 45,065 women. The urban population was of the total population. In this numbers are included the population of the municipal districts that are part the municipality. The population of the city of Azua de Compostela without those municipal districts was 59,319.

paragraphs: The town was founded in 1504 by Diego Velázquez, who later went to conquest the island of Cuba; the Spanish governor of the Hispaniola island at that time was Nicolás de Ovando. The town was in the original region of Azua, where there was a Taíno town and Pedro Gallego had a farm. This place is called now "Pueblo Viejo" (in English, "Old Town"), at about 8 km to the soutwest of the modern city.

paragraphs: The first secretary of the town was Hernán Cortés. He lived in Azua from 1504 to 1511, when he left to Cuba and, later, to conquest México.

paragraphs: Several sugar factories were established around the town and pirates came here to get the sugar and other products.

paragraphs: In 1751 there was a strong earthquake that destroyed the old town and a new one was founded on the right (western) side of the River Vía, where the modern city is now.

paragraphs: Because Azua is on the road that goes from the western part of the island to Santo Domingo, the city was destroyed several times during the Dominican-Haitian War (1844-1856). Two important battles (the "Azua Battles") were fought in the city; the first was on 19 March 1844 and the second on 1849.

paragraphs: The municipality of Azua de Compostela is in a very dry valley (the "Azua Valley" or "Azua Plain") where cacti and other plants of dry regions are common. Farming is possible only with irrigation.

paragraphs: The territory around the city is very flat, with only a few very small hills but there are mountains in the north and northwest of the municipality; those mountains are part of the "Cordillera Central" mountain range. The only river in the municipality is the "Vía", a very small river that flows through the city.

paragraphs: Azua de Compostela is at to the west of Santo Domingo. The limits of the municipality are Peralta to the north, Estebanía to the east, the Caribbean Sea to the south, Pueblo Viejo to the southwest and Sabana Yegua to the west.

paragraphs: Azua de Compostela has a subtropical steppe/semi-arid hot climate (Köppen climate classification : BSh).

paragraphs: The average amount of rainfall for the year in the city is . Most rains fall during the end of summer and mainly in fall. The month with the most precipitation on average is October with of rainfall, followed by September with .

paragraphs: The driest season is winter. The month with the least rainfall on average is February with an average of and the second is January with .

paragraphs: Azua de Compostela is in a hot region; the average temperature for the year is . The warmest months, on average, are July and August with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of .

paragraphs: The municipality of Azua de Compostela has eight municipal districts; these are:


title: Imogen Heap

paragraphs: Imogen Jennifer Jane Heap (born 9 December 1977 in the London Borough of Havering) is a Grammy Award-winning English singer, composer and songwriter. She is known for her work as part of the musical duo Frou Frou.

paragraphs: She has collaborated with many artist including Jeff Beck, Acacia, Frou Frou, Britney Spears and others.

paragraphs: Imogen produced "Ellipse" in her old family house. She recorded the production of it into a movie called "The story of Ellipse: Everything in between". In 2010 she, along with Thomas Ermacora, founded "Bubbletank". It has produced the "Live 4 X" charity events and the crowd-sourced orquestal film "Love The Earth".

paragraphs: She is producing her 4th solo album called "The Heapsongs". All of the tracks are being released when they are finished.

paragraphs: Imogen Heap and Frou Frou songs have been in various TV shows, movies, advertisements, and marching band productions, notably including ", The OC, SNL, Garden State", and "So You Think You Can Dance".


title: John Stockton

paragraphs: John Stockton was a point guard for the Utah Jazz of the National Basketball Association (NBA). No NBA player ever had more assists or steals during his career than Stockton.

paragraphs: He spent most of his career playing as a teammate of Karl Malone. Stockton and Malone were firm believers in hard work, and their coach, Jerry Sloan, also strongly believed in working hard in order to compete. Both Stockton and Malone were on the 1992 Dream Team. The Utah Jazz were in the NBA Finals in 1997 and 1998 against the Chicago Bulls and their superstar Michael Jordan. Stockton, Malone, and Sloan were all part of the Jazz organization at the time. The Bulls won both of those series.

paragraphs: Stockton retired from the NBA. From start to finish of his NBA career, he stayed with the Jazz.

paragraphs: Stockton played basketball in college at Gonzaga University in Spokane, Washington. Since his retirement from the NBA, he has been very loyal and supportive of Gonzaga, which he lives near. He also grew up in the Spokane area.


title: Tropical Storm Ana (2009)

paragraphs: Tropical Storm Ana was the first tropical storm of the 2009 Atlantic hurricane season. It was also the first tropical cyclone to affect the Caribbean during 2009. The storm formed on August 11, but strong wind shear weakened it on August 13. Ana later reformed and became a tropical storm on August 15 before wind shear tore apart the storm again. The storm finally died on August 17.

paragraphs: Between August 15 and 17, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) gave out tropical storm watches to some Caribbean islands like the Lesser Antilles, Puerto Rico, and the Dominican Republic. Some people took a few precautions. Most of the damage from Ana was in the form of rain.

paragraphs: A tropical wave formed over the Cape Verde islands on August 9. The NHC started watching the storm to see if it would turn into a tropical cyclone. It became a tropical depression on August 11. By then, the storm had a lot of thunderstorm activity near its center. On August 12, the NHC said that the storm was close to tropical storm-stength. While the storm was still alive, it was not called a tropical storm. However it was later found that the storm had actually reached tropical storm strength winds. The next day, the storm began to weaken and fall apart because of wind shear and dry air. The remains of the storm moved west across the Atlantic Ocean.

paragraphs: On August 14, the NHC saw that the storm was reforming. Later that day, a Hurricane Hunter airplane flew into the storm and the NHC started to follow the storm again. On August 15, the storm was given the name "Ana" after it reached tropical storm strength. Soon wind shear started to affect Ana again. The next day, the storm moved into an area of dry air over the Caribbean Sea. Ana weakened into a depression after another Hurricane Hunter airplane found no tropical storm-winds. The storm's circulation fell apart and Ana finally died on August 17.

paragraphs: On August 15, a tropical storm watch was given to the islands of St. Maarten, Saba, St. Eustatius, Antigua, Barbuda, the British Virgin Islands, Montserrat, St. Kitts and Nevis, Anguilla, and the United States Virgin Islands. Later on August 17, Puerto Rico, Dominica, Guadeloupe, St. Martin, and St. Barthelemy were also put on tropical storm watch. When Ana weakened into a remnant low later that day, all watches were stopped.

paragraphs: In St. Thomas, wind speeds from Ana were recorded at 28 mph (45 km/h) and gusts peaked at 40 mph (65 km/h). Also, a lot of rainfall created flooding in Puerto Rico. But there was only little damage done. At most, 4 in (100 mm) of rain fell on the island. Some streets had to be shut down because of the flooding. About 6,000 people lost electricity from the storm. Tree branches broke down power lines. People also reported tornadoes and waterspouts created by Ana in Puerto Rico. The remains of Ana brought rainfall to parts of Hispaniola. But no damage was reported.


title: Whelk

paragraphs: Whelk is a word used for some marine gastropods. They are found in temperate and tropical waters, and are used by humans as food. The name is properly used for the family Buccinidae, sometimes called the "true whelks".

paragraphs: Whelk is a common name, and used for gastropods of various families.

paragraphs: True whelks are carnivores and scavengers. They feed on clams, carrion, and sometimes even on detritus. Their sense of smell is very well-developed; they can sense chemical signals from their prey from a considerable distance. Many whelks can bore through the shell of bivalves. Because of this, they can cause harm in oyster farms. Whelks can even attack fish caught in a net by extending their probosces to twice the length of their own bodies.


title: Luke Young

paragraphs: Luke Young (born 19 July 1979) is an English footballer. He plays for Aston Villa.


title: Al-Sadd S.C.

paragraphs: Al-Sadd S.C. is a football club which plays in Qatar.


title: Ueslei

paragraphs: Ueslei Raimundo Pereira da Silva (born 19 April 1972) is a former Brazilian football player.


Taku Harada


title: Yusuke Igawa

paragraphs: Yusuke Igawa (born 30 October 1982) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Kawasaki Frontale.


title: Daisuke Tonoike

paragraphs: Daisuke Tonoike (born 29 January 1975) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Kenji Hada

paragraphs: Kenji Hada (born 27 June 1981) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Ryukyu.


title: Shōhei Ogura

paragraphs: Shōhei Ogura (born 8 September 1985) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Yokohama F. Marinos.


title: Consecration

paragraphs: Consecration is a special ceremony, usually religious, in which a person, or an object or a building is dedicated to a special purpose. When a new church is built there will be a special opening ceremony, called a "consecration". In many religions ordination is the process by which individuals are consecrated (ordained) as a minister.

paragraphs: The verb is to consecrate. The adjective is consecrated.

paragraphs: The word "consecration" is used in the Catholic Church as the setting apart for the service of God of both persons and objects. The ordination of a new bishop is also called a consecration. The life of those who enter religious orders (for example: monks and nuns) is also described as "Consecrated Life".

paragraphs: In Catholic and Orthodox churches, only men are chosen to be priests. But in many Protestant denominations, including the Church of England, women are allowed take leadership roles. (See Liberal Christianity) Some major Protestant denominations however, like the Southern Baptist Convention take a more conservative and traditional view of women. Various religious groups have different terminology for the recognition of persons who take special roles in the religion. The word "consecration" is sometimes used to recognize persons who would not be accepted for "ordination".


title: Tropical Storm Ana

paragraphs: The name Ana was given to six tropical cyclones in the Atlantic Ocean. So far, no tropical cyclone named Ana reached hurricane strength.


title: Ginza Station

paragraphs: Ginza Station (銀座駅、ぎんざえき) is a railway station of Tokyo Metro in Chūō, Tokyo, Japan.


title: Ōtemachi Station (Tokyo)

paragraphs: Ōtemachi Station (大手町駅,おおてまちえき) is a railway station of Tokyo Metro and Toei Subway in Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan.


title: Kokkai-gijidō-mae Station

paragraphs: Kokkai-gijidōmae Station (国会議事堂前駅,こっかいぎじどうまええき) is a railway station of Tokyo Metro in Tokyo. This station is also connected by underground passageways to Tameike-Sanno Station. It is also the deepest station on the entire Tokyo Metro system.

paragraphs: "Kokkai-gijidōmae" means "In front of National Diet Building".


title: Roppongi Station

paragraphs: Roppongi Station (六本木駅,ろっぽんぎえき) is a Railway station of Tokyo Metro and Toei Subway in Tokyo. There is an exit from the station into Roppongi Hills.


title: Hurricane Stan

paragraphs: Hurricane Stan was a category 1 hurricane in the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season. Hurricane Stan was the sixth of the seven storms in 2005 to make landfall in Mexico. The storm caused $1 Billion in Mexico and the Central American region. Hurricane Stan was either the deadliest or second deadliest of 2005 (or Hurricane Katrina). The exact number of deaths in unknown the number is at least 1,660 but could be up to 2,000.

paragraphs: The name "Stan" was retired in the spring of 2006. It was replaced by "Sean" in 2011.


title: Rachel Bilson

paragraphs: Rachel Sarah Bilson (born August 25, 1981) is an American actress, perhaps best known for her role as Summer Roberts in the American television series "The O.C."


title: Johnny Chan

paragraphs: Johnny Chan (born in Guangzhou, China in 1957) is a poker player. He won the World Series of Poker Main Event in 1987 and 1988. He took second place at the 1989 World Series of Poker. He has won 10 World Series of Poker bracelets.

paragraphs: Chan moved with his family in 1962 from Guangzhou to Hong Kong, then in 1968 to Phoenix, Arizona and later in 1973 to Houston, Texas. When he was 21, Chan dropped out of the University of Houston and moved to Las Vegas to become a professional gambler.


title: Naf River

paragraphs: Naf River is a river that starts in Myanmar and flows into the Bay of Bengal. The lower part of the river marks the border of Bangladesh and Myanmar. It starts in the Arakan hills. Its width varies from 1.61 km to 3.22 km.

paragraphs: The Naf River's average depth is and maximum depth is .


title: Suppressor

paragraphs: A suppressor, often called a "silencer" is a device used to make a gun less loud. Suppressors are most often added to the gun barrel, usually by screwing the silencer onto the end of the barrel. Some guns have a built-in suppressor.

paragraphs: Even though many people use the name "silencer" when talking about a suppressor, it does not really make the gun silent. How much quieter it makes the gun depends both on the cartridges and the suppressor. A suppressed gun usually is between 120 to 135 decibels (dB). This is much quieter than without the suppressor, but is still loud enough to cause hearing loss without protection such as earplugs. An unsuppressed firearm usually produces 140 to 165 dB. For comparison, a typical jackhammer produces about 130 dB.

paragraphs: In many places, suppressors are illegal to own except for the military and police. This is because suppressors make guns quieter and people worry this could help criminals commit crime.

paragraphs: In most states in the United States, suppressors are legal for civilians to own, but the National Firearms Act requires that buyers must go through a special background check and pay a $200 tax. Owning an untaxed suppressor is illegal, except for licensed class 3 firearms dealers, the military, and law enforcement.


title: Night vision

paragraphs: Night vision is being able to see in the dark. Some animals, like cats, have natural night vision - they can see in very low light without any help. Humans do not have good night vision. If there is not enough light to see well, a human may need a night vision device such as night vision goggles to help them see.


title: Yoshio Kitajima

paragraphs: Yoshio Kitajima (born 29 October 1975) is a former Japanese football player.

paragraphs: Kitajima previously played for Mito HollyHock and Shonan Bellmare.


title: Paul Konchesky

paragraphs: Paul Konchesky (born 15 May 1981) is an English football player. He plays for Liverpool.


title: Al-Rayyan S.C.

paragraphs: Al-Rayyan S.C. is a football club which plays in Qatar.


title: Shunta Nagai

paragraphs: Shunta Nagai (born 12 July 1982) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Tokyo Metro Ginza Line

paragraphs: The Ginza Line (銀座線, ぎんざせん, Ginza-sen) is the oldest metro line of Tokyo Metro in Tokyo, Japan. It was built in the 1920s and 1930s.


title: Tokyo Teleport Station

paragraphs: Tokyo Teleport Station (東京テレポート駅,とうきょうてれぽーとえき) is a Railway station of Tokyo Waterfront Area Rapid Transit in Kōtō, Tokyo, Japan.


title: MissingNo.

paragraphs: MissingNo., also known as MissingNO, is the name of a glitch Pokémon that is short for "Missing Number". MissingNo. Pokémon are used as error handlers by game developer Game Freak; they appear when the game tries to access data for a Pokémon species that does not exist.

paragraphs: First documented by Nintendo in the May 1999 issue of "Nintendo Power", encountering MissingNo. results in messed up graphics and item duplication of the player's sixth item in their inventory.

paragraphs: There are two reasons why the player encounters MissingNo., both as a result of programming bugs. The first is caused by the way the game stores battle information and the second is caused by the Old Man script in Viridian City. When traveling from one area to another, the game assigns numbers for Pokémon that the player encounters to a data buffer, read by the game when they encounter a wild Pokémon. However, on the right side of the Cinnabar and Seafoam Islands, no data is actually assigned to this buffer, and the information from the previous location is used instead (the player's name data).

paragraphs: Once encountered, players can fight, flee, or capture MissingNo. just like any other wild Pokémon in the game. After encountering the MissingNo., the sixth item's quantity in the player's item menu will be multiplied by 128, and the game's "Hall of Fame" gallery will become damaged forever. Other display problems may happen, though these can be fixed by viewing a Pokédex entry or resetting the Game Boy. It commonly appears as a scrambled "d" shaped rectangle, though sometimes (encounter values) it will look like a Ghost or two fossils.

paragraphs: Even though it has only appeared in three games in Pokémon, MissingNo. has had a lot of impact. Nintendo says it a "programming quirk" and doesn't want players to encounter it and later making impossible to obtain it in the next game, "Pokémon Yellow", unless a trade is done. However, information on how to encounter MissingNo. was printed in a lot of magazines and player's guides due to its effect, while some "Pokémon" players tried to sell real and fake "tips" for capturing MissingNo. for up to $200. In 2009, IGN put MissingNo in their "Top 10 Easter Eggs" in games list, describing it as a "glitchimon" and saying it was useful for making copies of items. In another article, they said "It really says something about "Pokémon" fans that they took what is a potentially game ruining glitch and used it as a shortcut to level up their Pokémon."

paragraphs: Reactions by players to MissingNo. has been studied by sociological studies regarding individuals and games. Sociologist William Sims Bainbridge said in a study that Game Freak "spawned one of the most popular glitches ever in game history", due to the good and bad results of it and players' interesting use of it. The book "Playing with video games" studied the effect of MissingNo. deeply, studying players' curious actions as a result of its appearance and examining their own notes along with individual "sightings" reports, studying and criticizing other people's findings. The book further describes the extent to which gaming communities revolving around "Pokémon" have attempted to make it a real aspect of the game's world through elements such as fan fiction and fan art, adding that this in turn inspires creativity. It also says that people were celebrating and publicizing glitches in the game while trying to make it canon, and adds that MissingNo. popularity was an unusual case.


title: Tha Carter II

paragraphs: Tha Carter II is Lil Wayne's fifth solo album.

paragraphs: The album has been certified Platinum by the RIAA in the U.S. with sales of 1 million copies.


title: Dolla (rapper)

paragraphs: Roderick Anthony Burton II (November 25, 1987 – May 18, 2009) was an American rapper, better known by his stage name Dolla. He had a hit single with "Who The Fuck is That" featuring T-Pain and Taye Dzim. A remix was made featuring Akon and T-Pain. Dolla was shot in the back three times while trying to run away from gunshots fired by Aubrey Lewis Berry. The two had an argument and seconds later, Aubrey shot Dolla in the parking lot of a PF Chang's, which is an American restaurant. Aubrey fled and Dolla was taken to a hospital where he later died. On May 22, 2010, charges were dropped against Aubrey Berry for the death of Dolla, as he was claiming self-defense. Evidence pointed out that Berry felt threatened by Burton due to a previous altercation in Atlanta a week before to the shooting. Burton's funeral was held in Atlanta's east point neighborhood on May 23, 2009. He was buried in Westview Cemetery in Atlanta.


title: Andalusian nationalism

paragraphs: Andalusian nationalism called "Andalucismo" in Spanish, is the name given to the political separatist movement in the Iberian Peninsula. It wants the Andalusia people to be recognized as a "nation". The main political party is the Andalusian Nationalists Party but there are also smaller political groups supporting Andalusian nationalism, including "Nación Andaluza" and "Asamblea Nacional de Andalucía".


title: Bavaria Party

paragraphs: The Bavaria Party (BP) is a political party in the state of Bavaria of southern Germany. It was founded in 1946. The party wants Bavaria to be an independent, separate country, within the European Union. Together with the Christian Social Union of Bavaria it can be seen as an heir to the "Bavarian People's Party" which existed prior to World War II.


title: Respect Party

paragraphs: The Respect Party, the Unity Coalition, was a left-wing to far-left political party in the United Kingdom. It was started on 25 January 2004 in London and dissolved on 18 August 2016. Its name was an acronym standing for Respect, Social equality, Socialism, Peace, Environmentalism, Community, and Trade unionism. It was often simply called "Respect". Their first member of parliament was George Galloway. He was the party's leader.


title: Plaid Cymru

paragraphs: Plaid Cymru (plaɪd ˈkəmri) is Welsh for "The Party of Wales". It is often simply called Plaid. It is a political party in the United Kingdom which seeks for Wales to become an independent country and is considered as sitting between the centre-left and the left-wing of the political spectrum. They have 10 of 60 seats in the National Assembly for Wales since the 2016 election, as well as 4 MPs in the UK parliament since the 2017 UK election. The party's leader is Adam Price.


title: Scottish National Party

paragraphs: The Scottish National Party (SNP) (Scottish Gaelic "Pàrtaidh Nàiseanta na h-Alba"; Scots: Scots National Pairty) is a political party in Scotland. It campaigns mostly for Scotland to leave the United Kingdom and become an independent country. It is a social democratic party and is currently the largest party in the Scottish Parliament, with 62 out of 129 seats and its party leader Nicola Sturgeon is First Minister of Scotland.

paragraphs: Most SNP supporters believe in the following things:

paragraphs: The Scottish National Party was founded in 1934. During World War II, its leader Douglas Young told Scottish people not to join the war effort and as a result he was widely disliked. The first SNP Member of Parliament was Robert McIntyre, who entered parliament in a by-election for Motherwell in 1945, but he lost the seat at the general election of that year. The party struggled in the 1950s but achieved greater success in the 1960s and in 1967, Winnie Ewing was elected as an MP for the party at a by-election in Hamilton. Only 1 seat was won by the SNP at the 1970 general election but at the February 1974 general election, it won 7 seats. Following the discovery of oil in the North Sea, the SNP ran a campaign called 'It's Scotland's oil' meaning that they thought it should benefit only the Scots and the party won 11 seats and 30% of the vote in Scotland at the October 1974 general election.

paragraphs: When the Labour government of James Callaghan started losing its majority in parliament, it made deals with the smaller parties including the Liberal Party, the SNP and the Welsh nationalists. The SNP only agreed to support this if a referendum was given to the Scottish people on the creation of a devolved assembly. The referendum gained support from 51% of Scots but the Labour government decided that not enough people had voted in the referendum and because of this, the SNP refused to support the Labour government. The general election of 1979 saw the SNP reduced to only 2 seats in parliament.

paragraphs: The party did poorly at the general elections of 1983, 1987 and 1992. Alex Salmond became party leader in 1990 and in 1997, the party won 6 seats in parliament. The Labour government of Tony Blair established a Scottish Parliament in 1999 and at the elections held for the new parliament, the SNP came in second place behind Labour, with 35 out of 128 seats. It wasn't until the 2007 Scottish Parliament election that the SNP made another major breakthrough and at this election, the party won the most seats with 47 out of 128 seats and a minority government was then formed with Alex Salmond made First Minister.

paragraphs: The party tried to give Scotland a referendum on independence in 2010, but the other major parties in the Scottish Parliament stopped them. In 2011, they won 69 out of 129 seats in the election to the Scottish Parliament, and were able to govern alone. They held the Scottish independence referendum on 18 September 2014, where 55% of people voted against independence from the UK. Salmond resigned as First Minister of Scotland and was replaced by Nicola Sturgeon. Under her leadership, the SNP won 56 out of 59 Scottish seats in the House of Commons in the United Kingdom general election, 2015.


title: Semi-postal

paragraphs: A semi-postal stamp or semipostal stamp is a philatelic term for a postage stamp issued to raising money for some purpose, usually for charity. Semi-postals have an additional monetary value ("surcharge"), devoted to that specific non-postal, charitable purpose and separated from the official postal value with a "+" sign.


title: Clovis, New Mexico

paragraphs: Clovis is a city in and the county seat of Curry County, New Mexico. In 2007, 32,213 people lived there.


title: Internazionale F.C. Torino

paragraphs: Internazionale F.C. Torino is a former football club which played in Italy.


title: F.B.C. Torinese

paragraphs: F.B.C. Torinese is a former football club which played in Italy.


title: R.S. Ginnastica Torino

paragraphs: R.S. Ginnastica Torino is a former football club which played in Italy.


title: Venezia F.C.

paragraphs: Venezia Football Club, commonly known as just Venezia FC or Venezia, is a football club that plays in Venice, Italy.

paragraphs: The club play their home games at Stadio Pierluigi Penzo. The stadium was opened in 1913. It is the second oldest stadium in Italy, with the oldest one being Genoa's Stadio Luigi Ferraris. The stadium is also notable because it is easily accessible by boat, and even has parking spaces for boats.

paragraphs: The club are currently planning a new stadium that will be located near Marco Polo Airport, away from Venice Island.


title: Vicenza Calcio

paragraphs: Vicenza Calcio is a football club which plays in Italy.


title: Novara Calcio

paragraphs: Novara Calcio is a football club which plays in Italy.


title: Modena F.C. 2018

paragraphs: Modena F.C. is a football club which plays in Italy.


title: A.S. Livorno Calcio

paragraphs: A.S. Livorno Calcio is a football club which plays in Italy.


title: A.C. Pisa 1909 S.S.D.

paragraphs: A.C. Pisa 1909 S.S.D. is a football club which plays in Italy.


title: U.S. Alessandria Calcio 1912

paragraphs: U.S. Alessandria Calcio 1912 is a football club which plays in Italy.


title: Como 1907

paragraphs: Como 1907 is a football club that plays in Como, Lombardy, Italy.


title: Brescia Calcio

paragraphs: Brescia Calcio is a football club which plays in Italy.


title: Udinese Calcio

paragraphs: Udinese Calcio is a football club which plays in Italy.


title: A.S. Lucchese Libertas 1905

paragraphs: A.S. Lucchese Libertas 1905 is a football club which plays in Italy.


title: U.S. Cremonese

paragraphs: U.S. Cremonese is a football club which plays in Italy.


title: Calcio Padova

paragraphs: Calcio Padova is a football club which plays in Italy.


title: Atalanta B.C.

paragraphs: Atalanta Bergamasca Calcio, often called Atalanta (nicknamed "La Dea", the "Nerazzuri", or the "Orobici") is a football club based in Bergamo, Lombardy, Italy. The club plays in Serie A, as they were promoted from Serie B in 2010–11. They finished 3rd in the 2018–19 Serie A season, meaning they could play in the UEFA Champions League for the first time in the club's history. They play at the Gewiss Stadium, which has a capacity of 21,300. They have a long-standing rivalry with nearby club Brescia.

paragraphs: 14 – Federico Pisani, Forward (1991–97) – "posthumous honour."

paragraphs: Atalanta have had many managers and head coaches throughout their history, below is a chronological list of them from when Serie A was changed into a league format, from 1929–30 onwards.


title: A.C. Legnano

paragraphs: A.C. Legnano is a football club which plays in Italy.


title: Varese Calcio S.S.D.

paragraphs: Varese Calcio SSD is a football club which plays in Italy.


title: A.S.D. Mantova F.C.

paragraphs: A.S.D. Mantova F.C. is a football club which plays in Italy.


title: Parma Calcio 1913

paragraphs: SSD Parma Calcio 1913, commonly known as Parma, is an Italian football club from Parma, Emilia-Romagna. The club currently plays in the Serie A.


title: Piacenza Calcio

paragraphs: Piacenza Calcio is a football club which plays in Italy.


title: A.C. Reggiana 1919

paragraphs: A.C. Reggiana 1919, more commonly known as just Reggiana, is a football club which plays in Italy.


title: S.P.A.L. 1907

paragraphs: Società Polisportiva Ars et Labor, commonly known as S.P.A.L. (), is a professional football club from Ferrara, Emilia-Romagna, Italy. Founded in 1907, the team plays in Serie B, the second tier of Italian football. They have played their home matches at Stadio Paolo Mazza since 1928.


title: Salernitana Calcio 1919

paragraphs: Salernitana Calcio 1919 is a football club which plays in Italy.


title: A.S. Bari

paragraphs: A.S. Bari is a football club which plays in Italy.


title: U.S. Città di Palermo

paragraphs: Palermo F.C. is an Italian football club from Palermo, Sicily. They play in the Serie A, the top level of football in Italy.

paragraphs: The club was founded in November 1900. It is the oldest football team in Sud Italiy.


title: A.C.R. Messina

paragraphs: A.C.R. Messina is a football club which plays in Italy.


title: U.S. Lecce

paragraphs: U.S. Lecce is a football club which plays in Italy.


title: Foggia Calcio

paragraphs: ACD Foggia Calcio is a football club which plays in Italy.


title: F.C. Savoia 1908

paragraphs: F.C. Savoia 1908 is a football club which plays in Italy.


title: U.S. Triestina Calcio

paragraphs: U.S. Triestina Calcio is a football club which plays in Italy.

paragraphs: The club formed from a merger of two clubs ; "CS Ponziana" and "FBC Trieste" in 1918.


title: A.C. Cesena

paragraphs: A.C. Cesena is a football club which plays in Italy.


title: Delfino Pescara 1936

paragraphs: Delfino Pescara 1936 is a football club which plays in Italy.


title: Robur Siena

paragraphs: Robur Siena S.p.A is a football club which plays in Sienna, Italy.


title: Zoosk

paragraphs: Zoosk is a dating website. It has an application on Facebook. More than 40 million single people in 40 countries use Zoosk. Zoosk is available in 13 languages (Brazilian Portuguese, Danish, English, French, German, Greek, Italian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish, Swedish and Turkish)


title: Calcio Catania

paragraphs: Calcio Catania is a football club which plays in Italy.


title: Calcio Lecco 1912

paragraphs: Calcio Lecco 1912 is a football club which plays in Italy.


title: U.S. Catanzaro 1929

paragraphs: U.S. Catanzaro 1929 is a football club which plays in Italy.


title: Ternana Calcio

paragraphs: Ternana Unicusano Calcio is a football club which plays in Italy.


title: Ascoli Calcio 1898

paragraphs: Ascoli Calcio 1898 is a football club which plays in Italy.


title: Perugia Calcio

paragraphs: A.S.D. Perugia Calcio is a football club which plays in Italy in Serie D.


title: Empoli F.C.

paragraphs: Empoli F.C. is a football club which plays in Italy. For 70 years it played in minor leagues, but in recent years, it arrived in Serie B and later in Serie A.


title: A.C. ChievoVerona

paragraphs: Associazione Calcio ChievoVerona is a football club which plays in the Calcio A in Italy.


title: Pussycat Dolls

paragraphs: The Pussycat Dolls (sometimes called PCD) was an American pop-R&B girl group and dance group started by choreographer Robin Antin.

paragraphs: The group began in 1995 as a burlesque group based in Los Angeles, California. Antin was able to arrange a record deal with A&M Records and Interscope Records in 2003, and the Pussycat Dolls changed into a music group. By 2005 the group was lead singer Nicole Scherzinger, with Melody Thornton, Jessica Sutta, Ashley Roberts, Kimberly Wyatt and Carmit Bachar. The group also went into reality television programs, a Las Vegas act, merchandising and other money making activities organized by Antin, Interscope, and their partners.

paragraphs: The Pussycat Dolls became famous around the world in 2005 with their album "PCD". It reached number five on the U.S. "Billboard" 200 Chart. The album included the hit singles "Don't Cha", "Buttons", and "Stickwitu"; a song that earned the group a Grammy Award nomination. After Carmit Bachar left the group in March 2008, the group continued as a quintet. They made their second album in 2008, "Doll Domination". This album included the singles "When I Grow Up", "I Hate This Part" and "Jai Ho! (You Are My Destiny)". The group has been criticized for being too sexual in their image and dances. Some people have said they use lead singer Nicole Scherzinger too often; she sings nearly all of the group's lead and background vocals.


title: Robert Kovač

paragraphs: Robert Kovač (born 6 April 1974) is a Croatian football player. He plays for Dinamo Zagreb and Croatia national team.


title: Yūzō Tashiro

paragraphs: Tashiro's play was notable in 2008 Champions League competition.

paragraphs: Tashiro's play was been noted by the international press, including reports of games against Vietnamese and Chinese teams.


title: Asier del Horno

paragraphs: Asier del Horno (born 19 January 1981) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Real Valladolid.


title: Marcelo Zalayeta

paragraphs: Marcelo Zalayeta (born 5 December 1978) is an Uruguayan football player. He has played for Uruguay national team.


title: Montigny-lès-Metz

paragraphs: Montigny-lès-Metz is a city in northeast France. It is on the Moselle River, near Metz.

paragraphs: The first humans found in Montigny-lès-Metz were here since Paleolithic.

paragraphs: So, the "fire mountain", because the Gauls start up a fire on the St Quentin mont to correspond with the other villages.


title: Shimbashi Station

paragraphs: Shimbashi Station(新橋駅,しんばしえき) is a railway station of JR East, Tokyo Metro, Toei Subway, and Yurikamome in Tokyo.


title: Pedro Munitis

paragraphs: Pedro Munitis (born 19 June 1975) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Racing Santander.


title: Feni River

paragraphs: Feni River (Bangla: ফেনী নদী "Feni Nodi") is a river in the Chittagonian Plains of Bangladesh in the south and eastern of the nation-state. It is a trans-boundary river with an on-going dispute, that dates back to 1958.


title: Gumti River

paragraphs: Gumti River originates from Dumbur in the northeastern hilly region of the Tripura Division, that is part of the so-called Chittagonian agency.

paragraphs: The Gumti is a hilly river having a strong current. Its flow varies from 100 to 20,000 ft³/s at Comilla. During the rains its average breadth is about 100 m, it is full from bank to bank and the current is rapid. But during the winter it shrinks and becomes fordable at most places. In a year of normal rainfall the river rises to above 1.5 m than the level of the surrounding areas. Flash floods are common phenomena of this river and it occurs at frequent intervals.


title: Keeranur

paragraphs: K. Keeranur (Kondaranki Keeranur) is a Panchayat town. It is in the Dindigul district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.


title: Birefringence

paragraphs: Birefringence (or double refraction) happens when light is passed through a special material and it splits into two different rays of light. Calcite crystals and boron nitride are two good examples of materials that cause birefringence. Just as a prism splits light into a large number of colors, birefringence splits light into two images of the same color. You see this as a "double image".


title: Shinagawa Station

paragraphs: Shinagawa Station (品川駅,しながわえき) is a railway station of JR East, JR Central and Keikyū in Minato, Tokyo, Japan.


title: Polymer banknote

paragraphs: Polymer banknotes were created by the Reserve Bank of Australia, CSIRO and the University of Melbourne and were first used as money in Australia in 1988. These banknotes are made from polymer (plastic) which makes them last longer without getting ripped or torn, and they are harder to copy. Lots of countries now use polymer banknotes. Seven countries are now fully using polymer banknotes on all of their banknotes instead of paper. It is twice as expensive to make but lasts four times longer than paper banknotes. It is good for countries with lots of humidity, or wet countries, because the notes do not get damaged when it is wet.


title: Australian pound

paragraphs: The Australian Pound was the money of Australia from 1910 until 1966. It was made up of 20 shillings, with each shilling made out of 12 pence. In 1966, the basic unit of currency was changed from the Australian pound to the Australian dollar which had 100 cents to each dollar. 1 pound became 2 dollars, 1 shilling became 10 cents and 1 penny became 1 cent.

paragraphs: British coins were used until 1910, when Australian silver coins started to be made and used. There were florins, shillings, sixpences and threepences. They had a picture of King Edward VII of the United Kingdom on one side. Australian pennies and half-pennies started to be used the next year. In 1931 gold sovereigns, which had also been used before 1910, stopped being made in Australia. A crown (five shilling) coin was made for use between 1937 and 1938. People did not like them very much so you would not have seen them often after 1940.

paragraphs: By 1966, the coins being used were half pennies, pennies, threepences, sixpences, shillings and florins.

paragraphs: In the early 1800s, some banks printed their own paper money in Australia. The Queensland government and the New South Wales government also made paper money to be used in their states.

paragraphs: The first paper money to be used all over Australia were made by fifteen banks and the Queensland government made between 1910 and 1914. There were 1, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 Pound banknotes. They had "Australian Note" printed on them. None of the 100 pound notes are known to still exist.

paragraphs: In 1913 the first money to be printed and used by the Australian government were 10 shillings, 1 pound, 5 pounds and 10 pounds. In 1914 20 pounds, 50 pounds, 100 pounds and 1000 pounds were also printed. The 1000 pounds note was such a high value banknote that you could only use them in banks.

paragraphs: In the middle of the 1920s a new 10 shilling banknote (saying "Half Sovereign"), and smaller 1, 5 and 10 pound notes were made. They all had King George V of the United Kingdom on the front.

paragraphs: A new design was printed in 1933 with King George V, also in 10 shillings, 1, 5 and 10 pounds. The notes were changed to have King George VI of the United Kingdom in 1938.

paragraphs: New notes in 1954 came when Queen Elizabeth II became Queen. There were 10 shillings, 1, 5 and 10 pound notes with images of Matthew Flinders on the 10 shilling note, Queen Elizabeth II on the 1 pound note, John Franklin on the 5 pound note and Arthur Phillip on the 10 pound note.


title: Peruvian Airlines

paragraphs: Peruvian Air Lines S.A, operating as Peruvian Airlines, is a Peruvian airline. Having received a permit from the Ministry of Transport and Communications (MTC) to operate commercial aircraft for a period of four years, the airline operates 4 domestic flights.

paragraphs: Peruvian Airlines was founded in November 2007.

paragraphs: On August 7, 2009, the airline received its Air Operator Certificate (AOC) from Peru's aviation authority.

paragraphs: The airline commenced operations on October 29, 2009.

paragraphs: The airline was shut down by the government on August 19, 2011 due to two incidents occurring in the previous months. It is apparently a 90 day suspension.

paragraphs: Peruvian Airlines serves the following destinations:

paragraphs: Peruvian Airlines operates the following aircraft (at March 27, 2010):

paragraphs: In early 2010, Peruvian Airlines purchased a Boeing 737-300 from Brazilian carrier Oceanair.

paragraphs: Pass is the frequent-flyer program Peruvian Airlines created to reward the loyalty of our travelers with many benefits.

paragraphs: The card identifying him as members of the Peruvian Pass allows them to accumulate and earn miles for each trip in a Peruvian Airlines routes.

paragraphs: Whenever the partner travel Peruvian Airlines, will add miles to your account will accrue Frequent Flyer. They let you get miles for free award tickets on any of our roads.

paragraphs: In terms of domestic flights, here are the major competitors of Peruvian Airlines:


title: Altadena, California

paragraphs: Altadena is an unincorporated census-designated place of Los Angeles County in the state of California, in the United States. 42,610 people were living in Altadena as of 2000. It is about fourteen miles from downtown Los Angeles. It was built as a suburb of Pasadena in 1887. However, although it was meant to be a suburb of Pasadena, it has so far refused to become part of Pasadena.


title: Shingo Nejime

paragraphs: Shingo Nejime (born 22 December 1984) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Yokohama.


title: Jun Tamano

paragraphs: Jun Tamano (born 19 June 1984) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Yuhei Ono

paragraphs: Yuhei Ono (born 1 July 1985) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Fagiano Okayama.


Kazuki Hiramoto


title: Al-Arabi Doha

paragraphs: Al-Arabi Doha is a football club which plays in Qatar.


title: Octane rating

paragraphs: The Octane rating is a measurement of how well fuels (gasoline is a kind of fuel) resist detonation. Modern engines use high degrees of compression. They therefore need fuel that does not detonate easily. Such fuel has a higher octane rating. The rating is done by comparing the fuel to the mixture of iso-octane and heptane that would detonate in the same way. Such a mixture of 90 percent iso-octane and 10 percent heptane has an octane rating of 90. Gas is available with lower octane ratings in the US than in Europe.

paragraphs: The octane rating of gasoline tells you how much the fuel can be compressed before it spontaneously ignites. When gas ignites by compression rather than because of the spark from the spark plug, it causes knocking in the engine. Knocking can damage an engine, so it is not something you want to have happening. Lower-octane gas (like "regular" 87-octane gasoline) can handle the least amount of compression before igniting.


title: Post-disco

paragraphs: The word "post-disco" refers to late 1970s and early 1980s music and movement of disco music. It has electronic/funk influenced (affected) sounds. Post-disco was invented by DJs and music producers in USA and the UK.

paragraphs: Post-disco music is similar to disco, however, is far more experimental and electronic based. Often composed by DJs or producers, it keeps many of disco's original characteristics, yet, it often incorporates synthesizers or sequencers within its composition.

paragraphs: Post-disco music is a little bit rare, hard-to-find songs can be found for example in Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories on fictional radio station Paradise FM.

paragraphs: However, post-disco impact can be heard in styles like house, techno, electro, crunk, dance-rock, italo-disco or dance-pop.

paragraphs: Post-disco artists include Kashif, Mtume, Unlimited Touch, Kurtis Blow, Patrice Rushen.


title: D. Train

paragraphs: D. Train is a R&B post-disco band from the New York, United States. They were formed in 1980. In band there is James "D-Train" Williams and Hubert Eaves III. Hubert plays on keyboard, bass guitar and drums, James uses vocals as a musical instrument. This duo have some hits on "Billboard Dance" & "Billboard R&B" charts. Their songs include "Keep On" (1982), "Walk on By" (1982), "You're The One For Me" (1982).

paragraphs: They also did the song named "Pokérap" from Pokémon soundtrack album "2BA Master".


title: Culture Club

paragraphs: Culture Club is a new romantic/post-disco-Pop band from the United Kingdom. They were formed in the early 1980s and split up in 1986. Members of Culture Club include Boy George (singing), Mikey Craig (bass guitar), Roy Hay (electric guitar, keyboards), and Jon Moss (drums, percussion). They have many songs that were successful and popular, for example R&B-influenced "Time (Clock of the Heart)" (1982) that entered the US Pop chart (#2 position), and UK Pop chart (#3 position) or "I'll Tumble 4 Ya" (1983).

paragraphs: In 1998 the band reunited and did some reunion tours. It was a major success.


title: Kool & The Gang

paragraphs: Kool & The Gang is a crossover R&B-pop band from Jersey City, USA. They were formed in 1964 as a jazz band called The Jazziacs. In 1969 they signed to De-Lite Records and published their self-named album.

paragraphs: In late 1970s they switched from pure deep funk to disco and they were more successful.

paragraphs: In band there is Robert Bell, Ronald Bell, George Brown, Dennis Thomas, Robert Mickens, Clifford Adams, James Taylor, Sonnie Martin, Rodney Ellis, Jirmad Gordon, and Shawn McQuiller.

paragraphs: Their song "Jungle Boogie" appears in 1994 movie "Pulp Fiction".


title: John Ensign

paragraphs: John Eric Ensign (born March 25, 1958) is an American veterinarian and former politician. He served as Senator of Nevada from 2001 to 2011. He resigned on May 3, 2011 due to an ethics violation of Senate rules. He was involved in a sex scandal because of a relationship with a Senate aide.

paragraphs: On April 21, 2011, he said he would resign from office on May 3, stating that he "will not continue to subject my family, my constituents, or the Senate to any further rounds of investigation, depositions, drawn out proceedings, or especially public hearings."


title: Vampirefreaks.com

paragraphs: VampireFreaks.com is an online social community based on gothic/industrial subculture. In 1999, the site was made by Jethro Berlson. It started as a small forum talking about gothic culture but then it grew as a social networking site and it is very popular with the goth, emo and punk community. VampireFreaks has a clothing store in New York City.


title: Pascal's Wager

paragraphs: Pascal's Wager (or Pascal's Gambit) is the name for an idea that Blaise Pascal had. He said that it is not possible to prove or disprove that God exists. Therefore, it is better to bet that God exists. If God existed, and the person believed in God, he would be rewarded (with happiness forever); if the person did not believe, he would be punished (with what is called "eternal damnation"). If God did not exist it would make no difference. For this reason, it would be better to believe in God, Pascal said. Indeed, Pascal strongly believed in this ideal.

paragraphs: Pascal's argument is a simple one: reason and intellect cannot decide the question of whether God exists or not; therefore, it makes sense to choose the option that would benefit us most should we be right. Accordingly, the options would be as follows:

paragraphs: 1. You may live a religious and moral life and be rewarded by eternal happiness.

paragraphs: 2. You may live a pleasure-seeking life and be denied eternal happiness.

paragraphs: 3. You may live a holy life but there is actually no God or eternal life.

paragraphs: 4. You may live a pleasure-seeking life but it makes no difference because there is no God.

paragraphs: For Pascal, the first of these options is the most important one because it represents the maximum gain and loss. Even if it should turn out that there is no God, the sheer risk of deciding against such a possibility warrants that we should take that option.

paragraphs: The argument from inconsistent revelations shows we have no idea which hell to avoid since many different religions exist with different beliefs about hell. Within religions there are different denominations and sects with different ideas about heaven and hell. If we try to avoid the hell that Christians believe in we are at risk from the hell Muslims believe. So it goes on. Perhaps god does not like people who accept Pascal's Wager but god may not mind that atheists doubt. Atheists and believers could both be in trouble or neither could be in trouble.

paragraphs: Further three Abrahamic religions, Judaism, Christianity and Islam claim worshiping other gods is sinful. We have no proof that any particular deity is real and can easily choose the wrong god. Therefore we are safer worshiping a god or gods that are less exclusive and will not punish us for making the wrong choice.

paragraphs: Pierre de Fermat and Pascal created probability theory. Pascal's Wager was very important for the time, because it did new things with probability theory. It is also one of the first tries to use the concept of infinity, and the first use of decision theory. It was important for other philosophers who developed the ideas of pragmatism and voluntarism.


title: Pig (dice)

paragraphs: Pig is a jeopardy (risk) dice game played with one die. In jeopardy dice games, a player decides to "roll" or "hold" (stop rolling). A player that rolls risks a turn total, and may gain a higher turn total or score nothing. A player that holds scores the turn total.

paragraphs: John Scarne wrote about Pig as a common dice game in 1945. Optimal (perfect) play has been computed.

paragraphs: On a player's turn, a player can roll or hold:

paragraphs: The first player to score 100 or more points wins.

paragraphs: For example, Ann begins a turn with a roll of 5. She could hold and score 5 points, but she decides to roll again. Next, Ann rolls a 2. She could hold with a turn total of 7 points (2 + 5 = 7), but she decides to roll again. Next, Ann rolls a 1 ("pig"). She must end her turn. Her score does not change. She hands the dice to the next player, Bob.

paragraphs: Bob rolls a 4, 5, 3, 5, and 5. He then decides to hold. Bob adds 4 + 5 + 3 + 5 + 5 = 22 points to his score.


title: Scott Free Productions

paragraphs: Scott Free Productions is a British movie and television production company by brothers Ridley Scott and Tony Scott.


title: Women's National Basketball Association

paragraphs: The Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) is an American professional basketball league for women. The league first held games in June 1997. The WNBA has thirteen teams across the United States.

paragraphs: The games have two 20-minute halves with a 30-second shot clock. Each team has eleven players on it. The ball used for the games is one inch smaller than the ball used in the National Basketball Association (the professional basketball league for men in the United States).


title: Tamworth, New South Wales

paragraphs: Tamworth is a city in the New England region of New South Wales, Australia. It has a population of just over 42,000. Tamworth is famous for its country music festival held every year in January. It's the second biggest country music festival in the world. It was the first city in the Southern Hemisphere to have electric street lights.


title: New Zealand Dollar

paragraphs: The New Zealand Dollar (NZD) is the money used in New Zealand, Cook Islands, Niue, Tokelau and the Pitcairn Islands. It has been in use since 1967, before that the New Zealand Pound was used. One dollar is equal to 100 cents. It is normally used with the $ or NZ$ to show it is the New Zealand Dollar.

paragraphs: From 1967 the coins being used were 1 cent, 2 cents, 5 cents, 10 cents, 20 cents and 50 cents. the 1 cent and 2 cent coins being made of copper and the rest being made in cupro-nickel. In 1987 the 1 cent and 2 cent coins stopped being made and were not used anymore by 1990. In 1991 the 1 dollar and 2 dollar banknotes got changed into coins. They were made of aluminium-bronze. In 2006 the New Zealand Government decided to stop using the 5 cent coin and make all the other coins expect for the 1 and 2 dollar coins smaller. They also made the new smaller 10 cent coin copper.

paragraphs: The first paper banknotes were printed in 1967. The one, two, five, ten, twenty and one hundred dollar notes. The one and two dollar notes were replaced by coins in 1991. In 1983 a 50 dollar banknote was introduced. In 1999, New Zealand changed from paper banknotes to polymer banknotes.


title: Romeo Castelen

paragraphs: Romeo Castelen (born 3 May 1983) is a Dutch football player. He plays for Hamburger SV.


title: Al-Wakrah S.C.

paragraphs: Al-Wakrah S.C. is a football club which plays in Al-Wakrah, Qatar.


title: Al-Gharafa S.C.

paragraphs: Al-Gharafa Sports Club is a professional sports club based in Doha, Qatar which plays in the Qatar Star League and is one of the most successful in the history of Qatar football, winning many trophies. Al-Gharafa has won a Sixteen titles, seven QSL League, Six Prince Cups, two Crown Pirnce Cups and one Arab league Cup.

paragraphs: Al-Gharafa S.C. is a football club which plays in Qatar.


title: Hebephilia

paragraphs: Hebephilia is when adults are mostly or only sexually attracted to people from early puberty until their mid-teenage years (generally between 11 and 14 years).

paragraphs: Adults with this attraction are called "hebephiles" or "hebophiles." The word "hebephilia" comes from Greek: "Hebe" is the Greek goddess of youth, and "philia" means "love". These days, many media reports cover hebephilic acts between female teachers and young students.


title: Alan Smith

paragraphs: Alan Smith (born 28 October 1980) is an English footballer. He plays for Newcastle United.


title: Hebe

paragraphs: Hebe (; ) is the goddess of youth in Greek mythology. Her parents were Zeus and Hera. Hebe was the cupbearer of the gods, serving them nectar and ambrosia whenever they feasted. Hebe was married to the hero Herakles when he went to Olympus and after their marriage she bore him twin sons Alexiares and Anicetus. Her Roman equivalent is Juventas.


title: Ephebophilia

paragraphs: Ephebophilia is when an adult is mostly or only sexually attracted to post-pubescent teenagers—usually those in the age range 15–19. Adults with this attraction are called "ephebophiles". Ephebophilia is not just the sexual attraction to teenage partners but is when an adult prefers such sexual partners.

paragraphs: Specific words are used by scientists for chronophilias, which is when people are mostly or only sexually attracted to specific age groups. Along with "ephebophilia", another example is "hebephilia", which means that a person is mostly or only sexually attracted to younger pubescent people. The word "pedophilia" means that a person is mostly or only sexually attracted to pre-pubescent children; but the term "pedophilia" is commonly misused to refer to any sexual interest in minors under the age of 18, even if they're post-pubescent.


title: The Bash (2009)

paragraphs: The Bash was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), which took place on June 28, 2009 at the ARCO Arena in Sacramento, California. This was the sixth show in WWE's production lineage for The Bash event (twentieth overall) and was the first to be referred to as The Bash. It featured talent from the Raw, SmackDown, and ECW brands. There were eight matches on for the event's card.


title: Oblate spheroid

paragraphs: An oblate spheroid is a famous shape. It is the shape of the Earth and some other planets. It is like a sphere squashed from the top so the circumference around the poles is less than the circumference around the equator. Shapes of this type are called ellipsoids.

paragraphs: Oblate spheroids have rotational symmetry around an axis from pole to pole.

paragraphs: Many planets, including the Earth and Saturn, are oblate spheroids. The difference between a sphere and the Earth's shape is small, only about one part in 300.

paragraphs: Stars spin, and some spin very fast. The faster the spin, the flatter the oblate spheroid. The Sun rotates at 2 km per second, neutron stars have speeds of thousands of km/sec.

paragraphs: In 1687 Isaac Newton published the "Principia". He included a proof that a rotating self-gravitating fluid body in equilibrium takes the form of an oblate ellipsoid of revolution (a spheroid). The amount of flattening depends on the density and the balance of gravitational force and centrifugal force.

paragraphs: In other words, the Earth is a spheroid because it rotates. Gas giants like Jupiter and Saturn are flattened by rotation more than the Earth.


title: Unforgiven: In Your House

paragraphs: Unforgiven: In Your House was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It was held on April 26, 1998 at Greensboro Coliseum in Greensboro, North Carolina. It was the 21st pay-per-view to be held under the WWF's In Your House name. The PPV was also the first to use the "scratch" logo for their promotional work, while WrestleMania XIV featured the logo on the ring apron, the official graphic still featured the New Generation logo. The pay-per-view also held the first ever Inferno Match and WWF's first evening gown match.


title: Venice and Dalmatia

paragraphs: Venice and Dalmatia were an Italian city-state and an eastern adriatic region very much related from the Middle Ages until the 19th century.

paragraphs: Venice influenced Dalmatia commercially since the times of Charlemagne. But only at the end of the first millennium the Republic of Venice started to conquest Dalmatia.

paragraphs: Indeed, after the fall of the Western Roman Empire, Illyrian towns on the dalmatian coast continued to speak Latin and their language evolved relatively independent from other Romance languages, progressing toward a regional variant and finally to a distinct language called "Dalmatian language".

paragraphs: The earliest reference on the language dates from the 10th century and it is estimated that about 50,000 people spoke it at that time (according to the linguist Matteo Bartoli).

paragraphs: The Dalmatian language is an extinct Romance language that was spoken along the eastern Adriatic in the Dalmatian coast from Fiume (Rijeka) as far south as Kotor (Cattaro) in Montenegro.

paragraphs: The Dalmatian speakers lived mainly in the coastal towns of Zadar, Trogir, Split, Dubrovnik and Kotor ("Zara, Traù, Spalato, Ragusa" and "Cattaro" in Italian), each of these cities having a local dialect, and also on the islands of Krk, Cres and Rab ("Veglia, Cherso" and "Arbe")

paragraphs: Almost every city developed its own dialect, but the most important dialects we have information on are the "Vegliot" a northern dialect, spoken on the island of Krk ("Veglia" in Italian, "Vikla" in Dalmatian) and the "Ragusan"', a southern dialect, spoken at Dubrovnik ("Ragusa" in both Italian and Dalmatian).

paragraphs: The dialect of Zara disappeared because of the strong Venetian influence while the two other dialects due even to the assimilation by Slavic language speakers.

paragraphs: We know about the dalmatian dialect of Ragusa from two letters, from 1325 and 1397, and other medieval texts, which show a language influenced heavily by Venetian. The available sources include hardly 260 Ragusan words. Surviving words include "pen" (bread), "teta" (father), "chesa" (house) and "fachir" (to do), which were quoted by an Italian, Fillipo Diversi, the head of school of Ragusa in the 1430s.

paragraphs: The "Republic of Ragusa" had at one time an important fleet, but its influence decreased. We know that the language was in trouble in the face of Croatian expansion, as the Ragusan Senate decided that all debates had to be held in "lingua veteri ragusea" (ancient Ragusan language) and the use of the "lingua sclava" (Croatian) was forbidden. Nevertheless, in the 16th century, Ragusan fell out of use and became extinct.

paragraphs: Other languages influenced the Ddalmatian language, but without erasing its Latin roots (superstrates): the Slavs, then the Republic of Venice. Several cities of the regions have Italian names, and other mostly the romanized Illyrian ones (like Zara, Spalato, etc..)

paragraphs: The oldest preserved documents written in Dalmatian are some 13th century inventories, in the Ragusan dialect. A letter of the 14th century from Zara (Zadar) shows strong Venetian influence, which was also the cause of its extinction soon after.

paragraphs: The Christian schism was an important factor in the history of Dalmatia. While the Croatian-held branch of the Catholic Church in Nin was under Pope's jurisdiction, they still used the Slavic liturgy. Both the Latin population of the cities and the Holy See preferred the Latin liturgy, which created tensions between different dioceses.

paragraphs: The great schism between Eastern and Western Christianity of 1054 further intensified the rift between the coastal cities and the hinterland, with many of the Slavs in the hinterland preferring the Eastern Orthodoxy. Areas of today's Bosnia and Herzegovina also had an indigenous "Bosnian Church" which was often mistaken for "Bogomils".

paragraphs: The Latin influence in Dalmatia was increased and the Byzantine practices were further suppressed on the general synods of 1059-1060, 1066, 1075-1076 and on other local synods, notably by demoting the bishopric of Nin, installing the archbishoprics of Spalatum (Split) and Dioclea (Montenegro), and explicitly forbidding use of any liturgy other than Greek or Latin.

paragraphs: Dalmatia never attained a political or racial unity and never formed as a "nation", but it achieved a remarkable development of art, science and literature. Politically, the neolatin Dalmatian city-states were often isolated and compelled to either fall back on the Venetian Republic for support, or tried to make it on their own.

paragraphs: The geographical position of the Dalmatian city states suffices to explain the relatively small influence exercised by Byzantine culture throughout the six centuries (535-1102) during which Dalmatia was part of the Eastern empire. Towards the close of this period Byzantine rule tended more and more to become merely nominal, while the influence of the Republic of Venice increased.

paragraphs: The medieval Dalmatia had still included much of the hinterland covered by the old Roman province of Dalmatia. However, the toponym of "Dalmatia" started to shift more towards including only the coastal, Adriatic areas, rather than the mountains inland. By the 15th century, the word "Herzegovina" would be introduced, marking the shrink of the borders of Dalmatia to the narrow littoral area where was spoken the Dalmatian language (that was being assimilated into the venetian language).

paragraphs: In the thirteenth century the Republic of Venice took definitive control of the Montenegro coast and created the "Albania Veneta".

paragraphs: As the city states gradually lost all protection by Byzantium, being unable to unite in a defensive league hindered by their internal dissensions, they had to turn to either Venice or Hungary for support. Each of the two political factions had support within the Dalmatian city states, based mostly on economic reasons.

paragraphs: The Venetians, to whom the Dalmatians were already bound by language and culture, could afford to concede liberal terms as its main goal was to prevent the development of any dangerous political or commercial competitor on the eastern Adriatic.

paragraphs: The seafaring community in Dalmatia looked to Venice as mistress of the Adriatic. In return for protection, the cities often furnished a contingent to the army or navy of their suzerain, and sometimes paid tribute either in money or in kind. Arbe (Rab), for example, annually paid ten pounds of silk or five pounds of gold to Venice.

paragraphs: Hungary, on the other hand, defeated the last Croat king in 1097 and laid claim on all lands of the Croatian noblemen since the treaty of 1102. King Coloman of Hungary proceeded to conquer Dalmatia in 1102-1105.

paragraphs: The farmers and the merchants who traded in the interior favoured Hungary as their most powerful neighbour on land that affirmed their municipal privileges.

paragraphs: Subject to the royal assent they might elect their own chief magistrate, bishop and judges. Their Roman law remained valid. They were even permitted to conclude separate alliances. No alien, not even a Hungarian, could live in a city where he was unwelcome; and the man who disliked Hungarian dominion could emigrate with all his household and property. In lieu of tribute, the revenue from customs was in some cases shared equally by the king, chief magistrate, bishop and municipality.

paragraphs: These rights and the analogous privileges granted by Venice were, however, too frequently infringed. Hungarian garrisons were being quartered on unwilling towns, while Venice interfered with trade, the appointment of bishops, or the tenure of communal domains. Consequently, the Dalmatians remained loyal only while it suited their interests, and insurrections frequently occurred. Even in Zara four outbreaks are recorded between 1180 and 1345, although Zadar was treated with special consideration by its Venetian masters, who regarded its possession as essential to their maritime ascendancy.

paragraphs: The once rival Romanic and Slavic population eventually started contributing to a common civilization, and Ragusa (Dubrovnik) was the primary example of this. By the 13th century, the councilmen from ragusan names were mixed, and in the 15th century the ragusan literature was even written in the Slavic language (from which Croatian language is directly descended), and the city was often called by its Slavic name, Dubrovnik. Only in 1918 Ragusa was called officially "Dubrovnik", with the creation of Yugoslavia.

paragraphs: The doubtful allegiance of the Dalmatians tended to protract the struggle between Venice and Hungary, which was further complicated by internal discord due largely to the spread of the "Bogomil heresy", and by many outside influences.

paragraphs: The cities of Zara (Zadar), Spalato (Split), Trau (Trogir) and Ragusa (Dubrovnik) and the surrounding territories each changed hands several times between Venice, Hungary and the Byzantium during the 12th century.

paragraphs: In 1202, the armies of the Fourth Crusade rendered assistance to Venice by occupying Zadar for it. In 1204 the same army conquered Byzantium and finally eliminated the Eastern Empire from the list of contenders on Dalmatian territory.

paragraphs: The early 13th century was marked by a decline in external hostilities. The Dalmatian cities started accepting foreign sovereignty (mainly of the Republic of Venice) but eventually they reverted to their previous desire for independence. The Mongol invasion severely impaired Hungary, so much that in 1241, the king Bela IV had to take refuge in Dalmatia (in the Klis fortress). The Mongols attacked the Dalmatian cities for the next few years but eventually withdrew.

paragraphs: The Croats were no longer regarded by the city folk as a hostile people, in fact the power of certain Croatian magnates, notably the counts Šubić of Bribir, was from time to time supreme in the northern districts (in the period between 1295 and 1328).

paragraphs: In 1346, Dalmatia was struck by the Black Death. The economic situation was also poor, and the cities became more and more dependent on Venice.

paragraphs: Stephen Tvrtko, the founder of the "Bosnian kingdom", was able in 1389 to annex the Adriatic littoral between Cattaro and Sebenico (Šibenik), and even claimed control over the northern coast up to Fiume (Rijeka) except for the Venetian-ruled Zara (Zadar), and his own independent ally, Ragusa (Dubrovnik). This was only temporary, as the Hungarians and the Venetians continued their struggle over Dalmatia as soon as Tvrtko died in 1391.

paragraphs: An internal struggle of Hungary, between King Sigismund and the Neapolitan house of Anjou, also reflected on Dalmatia: in the early 15th century, all Dalmatian cities welcomed the Neapolitan fleet except for Dubrovnik (Ragusa). The Bosnian duke Hrvoje controlled Dalmatia for the Angevins, but later switched loyalty to Sigismund.

paragraphs: Over the period of twenty years, this struggle weakened the Hungarian influence. In 1409, Ladislaus of Naples sold his "rights" over Dalmatia to Venice for 100,000 "Ducats". Venice gradually took over most of Dalmatia by 1420. In 1437, Sigismund recognized Venetian rule over Dalmatia in return for 100,000 Ducats. The city of Omiš yielded to Venice in 1444, and only Ragusa (Dubrovnik) preserved temporarily its freedom.

paragraphs: The rule of Venice on most of Dalmatia will last nearly four centuries (1420 - 1797).

paragraphs: During the Venetian rule in Dalmatia from 1420 to 1797 the number of Orthodox Serbs in Dalmatia was increased by numerous migrations.

paragraphs: An interval of peace ensued, but meanwhile the Ottoman advance continued.

paragraphs: Hungary was itself assailed by the Turks, and could no longer afford to try to control Dalmatia. Christian kingdoms and regions in the east fell one by one, Constantinople in 1453, Serbia in 1459, neighbouring Bosnia in 1463, and Herzegovina in 1483. Thus the Venetian and Ottoman frontiers met and border wars were incessant.

paragraphs: Dubrovnik sought safety in friendship with the invaders, and in one particular instance, actually sold two small strips of its territory (Neum and Sutorina) to the Ottomans in order to prevent land access from the Venetian territory.

paragraphs: In 1508 the hostile "League of Cambrai" compelled Venice to withdraw its garrison for home service, and after the overthrow of Hungary in 1526 the Turks were able easily to conquer the greater part of Dalmatia by 1537. The peace of 1540 left only the maritime cities to Venice, the interior forming a Turkish province, governed from the fortress of Klis by a "Sanjakbeg" (an administrator with military powers).

paragraphs: Christian Croats from the neighbouring lands now thronged to the towns, outnumbering the Romanic population even more, and making their language the primary one. The pirate community of the "Uskoks" had originally been a band of these fugitives, especially near Segna (Senj); its exploits contributed to a renewal of war between Venice and Turkey (1571-1573). An extremely curious picture of contemporary manners is presented by the Venetian agents, whose reports on this war resemble some knightly chronicle of the Middle Ages, full of single combats, tournaments and other chivalrous adventures. They also show clearly that the Dalmatian levies far surpassed the Italian mercenaries in skill and courage. Many of these troops served abroad; at the Battle of Lepanto, for example, in 1571, a Dalmatian squadron assisted the allied fleets of Spain, Venice, Austria and the Papal States to crush the Turkish navy.

paragraphs: The continental bits of Dalmatia were under Ottoman rule, parts of the Viyalet of Bosnia or the Klis Sanjak. The desolated areas of the Knin Frontier and Bukovica were inhabited by Orthodox Serbs from Bosnia, while the Albania veneta received constant Serb migrations from Herzegovina and Montenegro. The Serbs formed one quarter of Dalmatia's population in the 16th century. They had absolute majority in the Knin Frontier, Bukovica and the Cattaro area. The Ottomans have resettled this populace to create a living defence towards the territories of the Venetian Republic. A great portion of this population fled to Venetian land and gladly fought against the Ottomans. The number of Serbs in Venetian Dalmatia rapidly increased during the War of Crete in 1645 - 1669 and the Great Viennese War in 1683 - 1699, after which the "Peace of Karlowitz" gave the whole of Dalmatia and coastal Montenegro (from Sutorina to Cattaro) to the Venetian Republic. After the Venetian-Turkish war of 1714-1718, Venetian territorial gains were confirmed by the 1718 "Treaty of Passarowitz". The number of Dalmatian Serbs remained between "20%" and "25%" by the end of Venetian rule, while the venetian speaking population in the Dalmatian cities and islands increased with colonists from north-east Italy.

paragraphs: The Serbian peasant population of infertile Upper Dalmatia was freed of "Feudal bonds", according that they fight wars for the Venetian Republic. The Serbs living in urban area of cities in Dalmatia were much wealthier. The Serbs in Dalmatia with Boka have had strong national and religious determination through numerous old monasteries as beacons of culture and faith. Such were the early 14th century Krupa, Krka and Dragović monasteries in the Knin Frontier and Bukovica. The Serbs in the area of Cattaro (Kotor) had much more cultural advancement due to the nearby Cetinje capital area, and the Venetians had to fall back from influencing the religious life of people there.

paragraphs: Dalmatia was the largest Europe's concentration of Roman Catholic Bishops, Priesthood, Churches, Monasteries and religious institutions. The Catholic Bishops controlled the Orthodox Episcopy in Dalmatia by naming the Eastern Othodox Christian Episcopes themselves.

paragraphs: Dalmatia experienced a period of intense economic and cultural growth in the 18th century, given how trade routes with the hinterland were reestablished in peace. Christians that noticeably migrated from the Ottoman-held territory into the Dalmatian cities converted from Orthodoxy to Catholicism.

paragraphs: Because the Venetians were able to reclaim some of the inland territories in the north during the Turkish wars, the region of Dalmatia was no longer restricted to the coastline and the islands. However, the Venetian influence wasn't as strong in the former southern Dalmatia, meaning that the toponym did not extend inland into areas of Herzegovina or Montenegro.

paragraphs: This period was abruptly interrupted with the fall of the Venetian republic in 1797.

paragraphs: Napoleon united for the last time Dalmatia and Venice in his "Kingdom of Italy" in 1805. After his fall Venice followed the history of Italy with the Risorgimento, while Dalmatia was aggregated to the Austro-Hungarian Empire.


title: Movia

paragraphs: Movia is a family of metro trains built by Bombardier Transportation.


title: Derby Carriage and Wagon Works

paragraphs: Derby Carriage and Wagon Works was built by the Midland Railway. They built it in Derby, England

paragraphs: The building began at Derby Works in 1840. This was when the North Midland Railway, the Midland Counties Railway and the Birmingham and Derby Railway made engine sheds for their Tri Junct Station. These three merged in 1844 to form the Midland Railway. Then, its first Locomotive and Carriage Superintendent Matthew Kirtley decided to organise their works and persuaded that the railway should build their own rolling stock instead of than buying it.


title: Sujoy Ghosh

paragraphs: Sujoy Ghosh is an Indian movie director. He mas made several movies including "Home Delivery" (2005) and "Jhannkaar Beats" (2003). A song from "Jhannkaar Beats", "Tu Aashiqui Hai", won a National Award.

paragraphs: Sujoy Ghosh was born in Calcutta in 1966. His family moved to London when he was 13. He attended Manchester University.


title: Viscosity index

paragraphs: Viscosity index or VI is measure of the temperature at which a lubricating oil works properly. The VI scale goes from 0 to 100, with 0 being the worst, and 100 being the best. New products are now better than when the scale was first made, so some new products have scores as high as 400.

paragraphs: Lubricating oil is meant to reduce friction between two surfaces. If it is too viscous the oil will be thick and sticky and need too much energy to keep the parts moving. If the oil is too thin, then the parts will rub together and create friction. What is needed is an oil that has just the right amount of viscosity to keep the two surfaces apart. Oil becomes less viscous as the temperature goes up. In an automobile engine, the oil needs to be viscous at a range of temperatures. It needs to work when the engine is first started and is cold, and keep working when the engine gets very hot, perhaps as much as 200 °C. The best oils, with a high viscosity index score, will keep their viscosity the same across the temperature range.

paragraphs: The scale was made up by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE).


title: WWE Breaking Point

paragraphs: Breaking Point was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), which took place on September 13, 2009 at the Bell Centre in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It contained wrestlers from the Smackdown, ECW, and RAW brands. The name of the event was voted by fans via WWE's official website. Breaking Point was chosen over Submission Sunday, Total Submission, and Submit & Quit.

paragraphs: Breaking Point contained seven professional wrestling matches, with the three main event matches being held under submission rules. The event involved wrestlers from all three Brands, Raw, WWE SmackDown and ECW. The wrestlers portrayed either a good guy or a bad guy as they followed a series of events which led to a wrestling match or a series of wrestling matches.

paragraphs: On the August 24, 2009 edition of WWE Raw, the main event for the Raw brand was announced, it was to be a rematch from the previous nights SummerSlam PPV, Randy Orton would again defend the WWE Championship against John Cena. Due to the controversy surrounding the previous nights match, which involved the match being restarted due to a disqualification, count-out and Orton's use of illegal leverage.

paragraphs: Vince McMahon granted Cena a rematch as a result of Orton's actions, in a response to the interference from Brett DiBiase at SummerSlam, McMahon stated if anyone were to interfere on Orton's behalf he would lose the WWE Championship. The Championship was defended in an "I Quit" match, where the opponent is won by making the opponent say "I Quit".

paragraphs: After winning the World Heavyweight Championship at SummerSlam, it was announced CM Punk would defend the Championship the following week on the August 28, 2009 (taped August 25, 2009) edition against Jeff Hardy and the winner would face The Undertaker at Breaking Point in a Submission match, where the only way to win is by making your opponent Submit.

paragraphs: On the August 24, 2009 edition of WWE Raw, the Guest host for the night was weltherweight boxing champion Floyd Mayweather, Jr. who previously had a match with The Big Show at WrestleMania XXIV in 2008. Due to lingering bitterness from their WrestleMania match, Mayweather announced an exhibition match between Montel Vontavious Porter (MVP) and Mark Henry versus Unified Tag Team Champions Big Show and Chris Jericho, with an added stipulation that if MVP and Henry won they would face Show and Jericho for the Unified Tag Team Championship at Breaking Point. During the match MVP and Henry gained their chance when Mayweather handed MVP brass knuckles to knock Jericho out and pin Jericho for the win.

paragraphs: On the July 27, 2009 edition of Raw, to decide the opponent for the current WWE Champion Randy Orton at Night of Champions, a "beat the clock" challenge was set up, Triple H had to defeat his opponent Cody Rhodes in under a set time of 6 minutes and 49 seconds set by Mark Henry. Triple H was unsuccessful in his attempt, this match was followed by Rhodes with assistance from The Legacy team member Ted DiBiase beating down Triple H. This event led to Triple H seeking help from Shawn Michaels to reform the group, D-Generation X (DX), to face and beat Rhodes and DiBiase at SummerSlam. Following the weeks of SummerSlam DX was continuously beat down by The Legacy which resulted in an announcement on WWE.com that the two teams would face at Breaking Point, in a Submissions Count Anywhere match.


title: WrestleMania

paragraphs: WrestleMania is an yearly professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment since 1985. It is the company's biggest show of the year so it has nicknames like:

paragraphs: WrestleMania is equal to the National Football League's Super Bowl and Major League Baseball's World Series.

paragraphs: The thirtieth edition of the event took place on April 6, 2014 at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana.


title: WWF Capital Carnage

paragraphs: WWF Capital Carnage was a United Kingdom exclusive professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) that took place on December 6, 1998 at the London Arena in London, England.


title: Vengeance (2005)

paragraphs: Vengeance (2005) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), which took place on June 26, 2005 at the Thomas & Mack Center in Las Vegas, Nevada. It was the fifth Vengeance event.


title: Extreme Rules (2009)

paragraphs: Extreme Rules was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), which took place on June 7, 2009 at the New Orleans Arena in New Orleans, Louisiana. This was the fifth show in the lineage of the One Night Stand event.


title: Judgment Day: In Your House

paragraphs: Judgment Day: In Your House was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by World Wrestling Federation (WWF), which took place on October 18, 1998 at the Rosemont Horizon in Rosemont, Illinois.


title: Backlash: In Your House

paragraphs: Backlash: In Your House was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) promotion, which took place on April 25, 1999 at the Providence Civic Center in Providence, Rhode Island.


title: In Your House

paragraphs: In Your House was a pay-per-view (PPV) series made by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF).

paragraphs: The original idea was in months where the WWF was not producing a major PPV event (WrestleMania, King of the Ring, SummerSlam, Survivor Series, and Royal Rumble which ran for three hours) they would produce a two hour PPV event for a lower price of $19.95.

paragraphs: When World Championship Wrestling (WCW) started producing three hour PPV's on a monthly basis, the WWF was forced to drop the concept.

paragraphs: The events were numbered numerically (example: In Your House #1, #2) until In Your House #7 where specific subtitles were added which usually referred to the main event, starting with In Your House #7: Good Friends, Better Enemies (refers to the Shawn Michaels vs. Diesel match).

paragraphs: Gradually the subtitles became "In Your House" (example: Unforgiven: In Your House). Current PPV's No Way Out, Backlash, Judgment Day and Unforgiven all came from the In Your House series.


title: Matthew West

paragraphs: Matthew Joseph West (born April 25, 1977) is a Christian musician from Nashville, Tennessee. He has released four music albums and is best known for the popular songs "More" and "You Are Everything" or "The Motions". He was nominated for five GMA Dove Awards in 2005; two of those nominations were for his first album titled "Happy".

paragraphs: He started out as an independent musician in the late 1990s and released three independent albums before signing a recording agreement with Universal South Records. His first album "Happy" (2003) won a Dove Award, and the album's radio single "More" was popular on Christian radios; it stayed at the number-one position on radio charts for nine weeks in a row. His second album "History" (2005) was followed by a 2006 re-release of his independent album titled "Sellout". In 2007, he had vocal problems which threatened his career, and was told by doctors to rest his voice by not speaking for two months. West's third album "Something to Say" was released in January 2008 and also was successful with the number one songs "You Are Everything" and "The Motions".

paragraphs: Matthew West has also written songs for many Christian musicians and bands such as Point of Grace, Mandisa and Natalie Grant, and also mainstream country singers Rascal Flatts and Billy Ray Cyrus.


title: Moshi Monsters

paragraphs: Moshi Monsters is a website where players can adopt a virtual pet monster and collect Moshlings. The monsters have to be fed and played with. Players can also buy clothes and other items for the monster. Players earn credits (called "Rox") by solving puzzles and playing simple games. These puzzles test skills such as basic math, spatial awareness, logic, counting, anagrams and vocabulary. You you can collect over 200 moshlings, all which come in sets in different themes like "Movies" or "Puppies.".There is also an app called Moshi monsters egg hunt.

paragraphs: The website is run by the British company Mind Candy and is designed for children of all ages. This game encourages players to socially network with each other. The basic game is free, but if a membership is purchased there are more extras, including an increasing of the number of "friends" you can have from 0 to 10000. It has been described as "Tamagotchi meets Facebook." The game is designed for parents looking for a safe and advertisement free site for young children. The site does, however, promote and sell toys linked to the game. The site opened in November 2007, and by early 2009 had over 1.5 million players.

paragraphs: There are six types of monster you can adopt:


title: Golden Brown

paragraphs: Golden Brown is a song by the English rock group The Stranglers. It was released in December 1981, and became a hit around the world. It reached number two on the British charts in 1982 which made it the group's most successful song.


title: ATB

paragraphs: ATB (born as André Tanneberger on February 26, 1973 in Freiberg, Saxony, Germany) is a German DJ, musician, and producer of electronic dance music. He is listed as the number 25 top DJ in the world by DJ Magazine. Some of his famous songs include "Don't Stop", "Renegade" and "In Love With The DJ".


title: Albania veneta

paragraphs: Albania Veneta (English: "Venetian Albania") was the name for the possessions of the Republic of Venice in southern Dalmatia from 1420 to 1797.

paragraphs: It originally covered the coastal area of what is now northern Albania and the coast of Montenegro, but the Albanian and southern Montenegrin parts were lost to the Ottomans in 1571.

paragraphs: The word "Veneta" in "Albania Veneta" was used to differentiate the area from the Ottoman Albania (called "Albania Ottomana" in those centuries), an area stretching from Kosovo to southern Albania.

paragraphs: These Venetian possessions stretched from the southern borders of the "Republic of Ragusa" (modern-day Dubrovnik) to Durazzo (Durrës) in coastal Albania. The Venetian territories never reached more than 20 km from the Adriatic Sea. After 1573 the southern limit was moved to the village of Confin (Kufin) near Budua (Budva), because of the Ottoman conquests of Antivari (Bar), and Dulcigno (Ulcinj) in the Balkans.

paragraphs: The Dominions of Venice were centered around the "Bocche di Cattaro" (Bay of Kotor) and included the small cities of Cattaro (Kotor), Risano (Risan), Perasto (Perast), Teodo (Tivat), Castelnuovo (Herceg Novi), Budua (Budva) and Spizza (Sutomore).

paragraphs: Venice started to take control of the small southern Dalmatian villages around the 10th century, assimilating quickly the neolatin "Dalmatian language" of the coastal areas into the Venetian language. But only in the 14th century was the Republic of Venice able to create a territorial continuity around the Bay of Kotor. These Venetian dominions around Cattaro (Kotor) lasted from 1420 to 1797 and were called "Albania Veneta", a historical province of the Republic of Venice.

paragraphs: When the Turks started to conquer the Balkans in 15th century, many Christian Slavs took refuge inside Venetian Dalmatia and so even the "Albania Veneta" started to have a huge Serb and Albanian population. By the end of 17th century the Romance speaking population of the historical "Albania Veneta" was already a minority, according to Oscar Randi in his book ""Dalmazia etnica, incontri e fusioni".

paragraphs: After the Napoleonic armies conquered and put an end to the Republic of Venice in 1797, the area of the Albania veneta changed control many times:

paragraphs: in 1805 was annexed to the Napoleonic "Kingdom of Italy", then in 1809 was part of French "Illyrian Provinces" and finally in 1815 was put under Habsburg control in the Dalmatia of the Austrian Empire.

paragraphs: Under the Habsburg domination, "Albania Veneta" was part of "Austrian Dalmatia" and in 1878 (at the "Congress of Berlin") another 40 km² around Sutomore were added to this territory.

paragraphs: The borders of the former Venetian province of "Albania Veneta" changed again in 1918, when was created the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, but were reinstated from 1941 to 1943 during World War II, when Mussolini annexed the territories around Cattaro to the Kingdom of Italy. The area was part of the Italian "Governatorato di Dalmazia" and was called "Provincia di Cattaro".

paragraphs: After World War II any political entity related to the historical presence of Venice in southern Dalmatia ceased to exist and the area was definitely incorporated into Yugoslavia.

paragraphs: The old "Albania Veneta" is currently a coastal region of the newly independent Montenegro.

paragraphs: According to the Dalmatian historian Luigi Paulucci (in his book "Le Bocche di Cattaro nel 1810") the population of the "Albania Veneta", during the centuries of the Republic of Venice, was mainly Venetian speaking (approximately 66%) in the urban areas (Cattaro, Perasto, Budua, ecc..) around the "Bocche di Cattaro" (Bay of Kotor).

paragraphs: But in the inland areas more than half of the population was Serbo-Croatian speaking, after the first years of the eighteenth century. Paulucci wrote even that near the border with Albania there were big communities of Albanian speaking people: Dulcigno (Ulcinj) was half Albanian, one quarter Venetian and one quarter Slavic-speaking.

paragraphs: During the French rule of the area of Cattaro the schools were in Italian, when the former Albania Veneta was part of the Napoleonic "Kingdom of Italy".

paragraphs: The Slovenian Marko Trogrli in his essay "The French school system in French Dalmatia" wrote that "Vincenzo Dandolo, the French governor of Dalmatia as well as Bartolomeo Benincasa, an official from the local (Dalmatian) Education Department, published in May 1807 a plan for the province's public education ("Il piano generale della pubblica istruzione in Dalmazia"), which had to be consistent with the education system throughout the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy...Instruction was to be in Italian".

paragraphs: During the nineteenth century, according to the historian Scaglioni Marzio, the wars of independence of Italy from the Austro-Hungarian empire created a situation of harassment against the Italian (or Venetian speaking) communities in the Austrian southern Dalmatia.

paragraphs: The result was that in 1880 there were in Cattaro, according to the Austrian census, only 930 ethnic Italians (or only 32% of a total population of 2910 people).

paragraphs: Furthermore, in the Austrian census of 1910, the Italians were reduced to only 13.6% in that city, according to Diego De Castro in his book "Dalmazia, popolazione e composizione etnica. Cenno storico sul rapporto etnico tra Italiani e Slavi nella Dalmazia".

paragraphs: There are currently 500 Italian speakers in Montenegro, mainly in the area of Cattaro (Kotor) and Perasto (Perast), who constitute the "Comunitá Nazionale Italiana del Montenegro".

paragraphs: The "disappearance" of the Italian speaking populations in Dalmatia was nearly complete after World War II. The linguist Matteo Bartoli calculated that the Italians were 33% of the Dalmatian population during the Napoleonic wars, while currently there are only 300 Italians in Croatian Dalmatia and 500 Italians in coastal Montenegro.


title: Professional Developers Conference

paragraphs: The Professional Developers Conference (PDC) is a conference where people from all over the world gather to view things that Microsoft has made.