title: Adjustment disorder

paragraphs: Adjustment disorder happens when a person is unable to cope with or adjust to certain stressors. People who have adjustment disorder often have symptoms such as losing interest, being sad, crying, feeling anxious and constant worries. These symptoms are from outside stressors, although they resolve when individuals become used to the situations. The stressors may include, although are not limited to: hurricanes, being abused, accidents and traumatic events. This problem can happen at any age. In adults, however, adult women are diagnosed almost twice as often as men.


title: Rik Wilson

paragraphs: Richard William Wilson (June 17, 1962 – January 22, 2016) was an American sports trainer and retired professional ice hockey right winger. He played 7 seasons in the National Hockey League.

paragraphs: Wilson played 5 seasons game with the St. Louis Blues and then joined the Calgary Flames for 2 games. He ended his NHL career with the Chicago Blackhawks after playing 14 games with them. He retired from professional hockey in 1988. Wilson currently owns Power Play Performance Sports Training, a sports training center in St. Louis.

paragraphs: Wilson died on January 22, 2016 from unknown causes in St. Louis, Missouri at the age of 53.


title: Valerie Mahaffey

paragraphs: Valerie Mahaffey (June 16, 1953) is an American actress who acts mostly for television programs. She acted in the sitcom "Desperate Housewives". She has had some movies during her career. She was raised near Austin, Texas.


title: PaRappa the Rapper

paragraphs: PaRappa the Rapper is a rhythm video game created by Rodney Greenblat, Masaya Matsuura and his company, NanaOn-Sha, in 1996. The game is named after a beanie-wearing dog in the game, PaRappa, with his motto "I gotta believe!", rapping his way to win the heart of his crush, Sunny Funny, a flower. A PSP port of the original game was released in Japan in December 2006 in North America and Europe in July 2007.

paragraphs: While the gameplay is not challenging for experienced gamers, the game is remembered for its unique graphic design of 2D characters and 3D objects, its quirky soundtrack and its bizarre plot. Despite being made in Japan, all of the game's songs and dialogue are spoken in English in all versions. The game is named after the main character.

paragraphs: "PaRappa the Rapper" is a music game in which the main character, PaRappa, must make his way through each of the game's six stages by rapping. On each stage, the game alternates with the rapping teacher to PaRappa. There is a U 'RAPPING meter in the bottom right corner, which will show the player's performance with four levels, from top to bottom: "Cool", "Good", "Bad", and "Awful". The game works by a pattern of buttons (Triangle, Circle, Square, X, L, and R) PaRappa will have to copy. The teacher will set down a pattern and PaRappa will have to copy it. Players will stay on the "Good" ranking when staying to the beat. If he messes up two times in a row, he goes down a level. On the other hand, if he gets a pattern right, he moves up a level, with Good at the maximum. The player must clear the level on Good or Cool. If he clears it on Bad or Awful, or the meter goes below Awful during the game, he will have to try the level again. However, if the meter gets to Cool, the teacher will leave and PaRappa will be able to free-style. This is achieved by freestyling in a manner different to the predetermined lyric. If all of the levels are cleared with the meter on Cool, a bonus level, "K.T and the Sunny Funny Band", will be unlocked. However, the player must complete the game at least once before "Cool" can be reached.

paragraphs: The player takes on the role of Parappa, a paper-thin rapping dog, who is trying to win the heart of a flower-like girl named Sunny Funny. However, he is intimidated by the presence of Andrea grelli, a rich, narcissistic dog who goes overboard with his attempts to impress Sunny.

paragraphs: The game starts with a movie, "Jet Baby", being watched by the four main characters, PaRappa, Sunny, Katy Kat (a blue cat), and P.J Berri (a bear). When it's finished, they go to Chunky Burger, a restaurant. Somewhere after that, two bullies come up and pick on them, but they are stopped by Andrea grelli. However, he ends up chatting about his adventures, which take too long, and Sunny, P.J, and Katy leave. PaRappa thinks he should be a hero to impress Sunny, and decides to drop off at a kung-fu dojo, learning to fight with help from an onion, Chop Chop Master Onion. After that, they are at a plaza. PaRappa asks they should go down to a beach, but the others note they need a license and a car to do that. Andrea grelli, once again, arrives and shows them his new car, the Super Stretched Limo 900. They all like it, until Andrea grelli thinks Katy and Sunny should be with him at the front, and PaRappa and PJ all the way at the back. Both are far from amused. PaRappa then thinks if he had a car and license, he could take Sunny anywhere, and decides to drop off at a driver's education course to get his license, with help from a moose, Instructor Mooselini. After he gets his license, he still needs a car, and borrow's his dad's. He invites the others on. "You know, this is really a lot of fun. Wouldn't it be nice if we could so somewhere far far away?" Sunny's words echo in PaRappa's mind, and he doesn't pay attention to driving and instead thinks of him and Sunny on a date, but when their car crashes into a truck, and breaks into pieces, PaRappa has to go to a flea market owned by a frog, Prince Fleaswallow, to earn money to fix his car. Then, the day before Sunny's birthday arrives and PaRappa is assigned the job of getting a cake. However, he is knocked into the cake he spends his money on by Andrea grelli, who plans to win over PaRappa with his tall 42 story high cake. Since he is almost out of money, he needs to make a cake himself, following instructions from a cooking show by a chicken, "Cheap Cheap Chicken". The day comes, and his cake is a success. Katy gets an idea to leave PaRappa and Sunny alone, so she and PJ leave. Later, they watch the sunset together. Unfortunately, this goes wrong when PaRappa has a sudden urge to use the bathroom after eating most of the cake later that day. Sunny, on the other hand however, confuses him for "looking real manly today" instead of needing to go to the backroom. They decide to go home, but PaRappa, of course, stops at the restroom and sees his previous mentors, having to out-rap all of them to reach the only toilet in the restroom. Then, one night, he is invited to Club Fun, and asks Sunny to go with him, to which she agrees. After they arrive, PaRappa gets on stage with a spider, MC King Kong Mushi, then raps solo at the end of the song to express his true feelings for Sunny. Then the game ends when they all decide to see another movie.

paragraphs: The characters are 2D to preserve Rodney's unique style of artwork, who designed all of the characters. He was asked to help design the game from an interview by Masaya. Like in the "Paper Mario" series by Nintendo, all of the characters appear to be flat, two dimensional beings cut from paper while the surroundings are primarily three dimensional. The setting is a bright urban city; with its inhabitants ranging from animals (chickens, dogs, frogs, and cats), inanimate objects (onions, flowers, hammers), and some humans.

paragraphs: The game spawned a merchandising campaign in Japan, a spinoff in 1999, an anime series in 2001, and a direct sequel for the PlayStation 2 in 2002. PaRappa is a playable character in "PlayStation All-Stars Battle Royale". There is another similar game by Masaya, "Vib Ribbon".


title: Powell River, British Columbia

paragraphs: Powell River is a city in the Canadian province of British Columbia. Powell River is in the northern part of the Sunshine Coast region.

paragraphs: The population of Powell River was 126,456 in 2011. The mayor of Powell River is Dave Formosa. The historic townsite was designated as a National Historic Site of Canada in 1995. Powell River has an ice hockey team, the Powell River Kings which play in the British Columbia Hockey League. Powell River was named a "Cultural Capital of Canada" in 2004 because of the its strong arts and cultural programs.


title: Reactive attachment disorder

paragraphs: Reactive attachment disorder is a severe condition which affects children and is represented by markedly disturbed or substandard ways of socially relating onto others. The problem may take the form of constant failure to initiate social interaction or too much response to relative strangers. Obvious symptoms for those affected include a failure to form normal attachment to primary caregivers. This may result because of abuse, sudden separation, trauma or neglect. The condition begins to affect children usually between three and 36 months past birth.


title: Teresa of Ávila

paragraphs: Teresa of Ávila, also called Saint Teresa of Jesus, baptized as Teresa Sánchez de Cepeda y Ahumada, (March 28, 1515 – October 4, 1582) was a well known Spanish mystic, Roman Catholic saint, Carmelite nun, writer of the Counter Reformation, and theologian of contemplative life through mental prayer. She was a reformer of the Carmelite Order and is considered to be a founder of the Discalced Carmelites along with John of the Cross.

paragraphs: In 1622, forty years after her death, she was canonized by Pope Gregory XV and was in 1970 named a Doctor of the Church by Pope Paul VI. Her books, which include her autobiography (The Life of Teresa of Jesus) and her seminal work El Castillo Interior (The Interior Castle) are an integral part of Spanish Renaissance literature as well as Christian mysticism and Christian meditation practices as she entails in her other important work, Camino de Perfección (The Way of Perfection).

paragraphs: 'Would it not be gross ignorance, my daughters, if, when a man was questioned about his name, or country, or parents, he could not answer? Stupid as this would be, it is unspeakably more foolish to care to learn nothing of our nature except that we possess bodies, and only to realise vaguely that we have souls...


title: Charles Baudelaire

paragraphs: Charles Pierre Baudelaire (9 April 1821 – 31 August 1867) was a French symbolist and modernist poet and art critic.

paragraphs: He is best known for his volume of poetry "Les Fleurs du mal" (The Flowers of Evil) in 1857. Baudelaire was born in Paris, and studied law at the Lycée Louis-le-Grand in Paris. Baudelaire's first publication was his art review "Salon of 1845."


title: Alienware

paragraphs: Alienware is a company that is part of Dell.


title: Peggy Ann Garner

paragraphs: Peggy Ann Garner (February 3, 1932-October 16, 1984) was an American actress. She acted in many movies and television programs. She acted mostly during her childhood. She was born in Canton, Ohio. She died in California from pancreatic cancer.


title: Honeymoon in Vegas

paragraphs: Honeymoon in Vegas is a 1992 romantic comedy movie. Sarah Jessica Parker and Nicolas Cage are featured. James Caan also acts in it. This movie was released on August 28 1992 by Columbia Pictures. It got positive reviews. Its box office intake was also good.


title: Simply Irresistible

paragraphs: Simply Irresistible is a 1999 American romantic comedy-drama fantasy movie. The subject mixes magic, romance and love. Sarah Michelle Gellar, Patricia Clarkson and Amanda Peet are among the cast. This romantic comedy movie was released February 1999. The reviews were not good. And its box office performance was poor.


title: Back to the Known

paragraphs: Back to the Known is the second EP released by Bad Religion. The EP was released in 1985. The name of the EP is a reference to the band no longer playing the progressive rock music of its previous album, 1983's "Into the Unknown", and returning to its punk roots.


title: Chancel

paragraphs: The chancel is a part of the architecture of many churches. It serves as a barrier between the part of the church accessible to lay people and the choir, which was reserved to the clergy. The rood screen has the same function, but a different layout. The Iconostasis is a kind of chancel which is richly decorated, and is used in Eastern Orthodox churches.

paragraphs: The chancel is where the congregation receives the blood and body of Jesus. The chancel is usually found in a Roman Catholic church. The bread and wine are changed to the body and blood of Jesus through transubstantiation. The Fourth Lateran Council of 1215 required clergy made sure that the area was inaccessible to the public. The main altar of the church is usually in the area behind the Chancel.


title: Salal

paragraphs: Salal is the common English name of a plant in the family Ericaceae. The Lewis and Clark Expedition found it in North America. The expedition took place from 1804 to 1806. Frederick Traugott Pursh first described it. The official botanical name is "Gaultheria shallon". It is also known as shallon or Gaultheria in English. The plant was introduced to Great Britain in 1828. Today, it is often used for flower arrangements. It was also used as a cover for pheasants. The plant also has medicinal properties. It is used for treatment of inflammation and cramps. The plant is called "Shallon-Scheinbeere" in German language. The young leaves and berries can be eaten.


title: Fitts's law

paragraphs: Fitts's law is a theorem which states that the time needed to reach a surface is proportional to the distance from that surface, and to its size. Paul Fitts stated this theorem in 1954. Today, the theroem is mostly used for the development of user interfaces.


title: Deron Quint

paragraphs: Deron Timothy Quint (born March 12, 1976 in Durham, New Hampshire) is an American professional ice hockey defenceman that currently plays for the Traktor Chelyabinsk of the Kontinental Hockey League.

paragraphs: Quint also played in the National Hockey League for 11 seasons. In the NHL, he played for the Winnipeg Jets, Phoenix Coyotes, New Jersey Devils, Columbus Blue Jackets, Chicago Blackhawks, and the New York Islanders.


title: The Wanted

paragraphs: The Wanted are an English-Irish boy band. They are made up of five members: Max George, Nathan Sykes, Tom Parker, Jay McGuiness and Siva Kaneswaran. They formed in 2009 and released their first album in 2010.

paragraphs: So far, they have released three albums: "The Wanted" (2010), "Battleground" (2011), and "Word of Mouth" (2013). These reached the fourth, fifth, and ninth place in the UK album charts. Their first single, "All Time Low", reached number 1 in the UK singles chart. In 2011 they also recorded the song "Gold Forever" which was the official single for Comic Relief.


title: Shapley Supercluster

paragraphs: The Shapley Supercluster or Shapley Concentration (SCl 124) is the largest concentration of galaxies in our nearby universe.

paragraphs: It is a gravitationally interacting unit 650 million light years away (z=0.046). This means it pulls itself together, instead of expanding with the universe. It is an overdensity in the distribution of galaxies in the constellation of Centaurus.

paragraphs: In the late 1920s, Harlow Shapley and his colleagues at the Harvard College Observatory started a survey of galaxies in the southern sky, using photographic plates obtained at the 24-inch Bruce telescope at Bloemfontein, South Africa. He found a 'cloud' in the constellation of Centaurus to be the most striking concentration of galaxies.

paragraphs: In recent times, the Shapley Supercluster was rediscovered, in a survey of galaxies of galaxies at the University of Cambridge in England. In this paper, the supercluster was named after Shapley, in recognition of his pioneering survey of galaxies in which this concentration of galaxies was first seen. Around the same time, others had noticed a remarkable concentration of clusters in the Abell catalogue of galaxy clusters: they had named it the "Alpha concentration".


title: Jake Bugg

paragraphs: Jake Bugg (born 28 February 1994) is an English singer and songwriter. He was born and raised in Nottingham. He was chosen by the BBC to participate in the Glastonbury Festival in 2011. He got a contract with a record label after that.

paragraphs: His first album, "Jake Bugg", was released on 15 October 2012. It came top of the charts in the UK and in Scotland. He has published seven singles from his album: "Trouble Town", "Country Song", "Lightning Bolt", "Taste It", "Two Fingers", "Seen It All" and "Broken".

paragraphs: Bugg released his second album "Shangri La" on 18 November 2013.

paragraphs: Bugg was nominated for "British Breakthrough Act" at the 2013 Brit Awards.

paragraphs: His third album "On My One" was released on 17 June 2016.


title: Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Games

paragraphs: Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Games is a sports video game created by Sega Sports R&D and published by Nintendo. It is the first video game to have both "Mario" and "Sonic the Hedgehog" characters. It was released for the Nintendo Wii in November 2007 and for the Nintendo DS in January 2008. It was the official video game of the 2008 Summer Olympic Games.

paragraphs: Players can play 24 events. Both versions have different events. The events are based off of the actual Olympic events played in real life. 16 characters are playable. They are separated into four categories: all-around, speed, power, and skill. In the Wii version, the player can also play as a Mii created in the Mii Channel.


title: Robin Tunney

paragraphs: Robin Tunney (born June 19, 1972 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American actress. She moved to Los Angeles at age 18 to begin acting in various television programs. She's best known for "Prison Break" and "The Mentalist".


title: Altınyazı, Mucur

paragraphs: Altınyazı is a village in Turkey. It is in the Kırşehir Province. The population is around 220. The village was founded about 2000 years ago. The old name of Altınyazı was Aflak, after an old Seljukid general who died here.


title: Polisario Front

paragraphs: The Polisario Front (, transliterates to ', translates to "Popular Front for the Liberation of el Hamra and Río de Oro") is a military and political organisation, which is active in Western Sahara. Internationally, it is often known as Polisario"'. The movement succeeded the older movement called "Movimiento para la Liberación del Sahara", which was active in the 1950s and 1960s. The movement was founded in the early 1970s. At first it was active fighting for the independece of the Spanish Sahara, which was a Spanish colony until 1975. After the Spanish left, Mauretania and Morocco occupied Western Sahara, and the Polisario continued fighting.

paragraphs: In 1991, the United Nations brokered a peace agreement. Since then, Western Sahara is split into two zones, separated by the Moroccan Wall.


title: Edward G. Robinson

paragraphs: Edward G. Robinson (born Emanuel Goldenberg; December 12, 1893 – January 26, 1973) was a Romanian-American actor. He was known for his roles as Rico in "Little Caesar" and as Rocco in "Key Largo". Other well-known roles include Barton Keyes in the movie "Double Indemnity", Dathan in "The Ten Commandments", and his final role as Sol Roth in "Soylent Green". He won an honorary Academy Award in 1973, two months after his death. He was listed in the 25 Greatest Male Actors of All Time.

paragraphs: Robinson was born on December 12, 1893 in Bucharest, Romania to a Jewish-Yiddish family. After his brother was attacked by the Mafia, Robinson and his family moved to New York City in February 1903.

paragraphs: He studied at Townsend Harris High School and at City College of New York. He then studied to become an actor at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts. His career began in 1913, ten years after moving to the United States.

paragraphs: Robinson was married to Gladys Lloyd from 1927 until they divorced in 1956. Then he was married to Jane Robinson from 1958 until his death in 1973. He had one son with Gladys and one step-daughter from his last marriage. Robinson was a Liberal Democrat.

paragraphs: Robinson died on January 26, 1973 in his home in Los Angeles, California from bladder cancer, aged 79. He was buried at Beth-El Cemetery in Queens, New York.


title: Carole Lombard

paragraphs: Carole Lombard (October 06, 1908 – January 16, 1942) was an American actress. She was one of the highest paid actors in Hollywood with the total of $500,000. She was listed as one of the greatest female actresses of all time.

paragraphs: Lombard was born on October 06, 1908 in Fort Wayne, Indiana United States She studied at Virgil Jr. High School and then at Fairfax High School. She was married to William Powell from 1931 until they divorced in 1933. Then she was married to Clark Gable from 1939 until her death in 1942. She had no children. Lombard died on January 16, 1942 in a plane crash in Mount Potosi,Nevada states of united america aged 33 years old.


title: Empire Records

paragraphs: Empire Records is a 1995 teen romantic comedy movie. The subject is a record store in Delaware that tries to remain independent. Liv Tyler, Renée Zellweger and Robin Tunney play store officials. "Empire Records" got negative reviews from critics. The movie performed very poorly in the box office. The movie was released in September 1995.


title: June Lockhart

paragraphs: June Lockhart (born June 25, 1925) is an American actress. She acts primarily on television programs. She worked mostly in the 1950s and 1960s. She played Timmy's mother in the long-running "Lassie". She appeared later in "Lost In Space". She also played Doctor Janet Craig in the sitcom "Petticoat Junction".


title: Jane Withers

paragraphs: Jane Withers (born 12 April 1926) is an American former child actress. She played Josephine the Plumber in Comet Cleaner ads in the 1960s and 1970s. She acted primarily in movies. She also acted on television. Withers was born in Atlanta, Georgia.


title: John Dingell

paragraphs: John David "Johnny" Dingell, Jr. (July 8, 1926 – February 7, 2019) was an American politician. He served in the United States House of Representatives from December 13, 1955 to January 3, 2015. He is the longest-serving member of Congress. He was the longest ever to serve exclusively in the House.

paragraphs: Dingell was born on July 8, 1926 in Colorado Springs, Colorado. He served in the military during World War II. He is the last member of Congress to have been a veteran of World War II, the other is Ralph Hall. Hall also left Congress in 2015. He studied at Georgetown University. Dingell and his wife, Deborah, had a son named Christopher.

paragraphs: Dingell announced on February 24, 2014 that he would not seek re-election to a 30th term in Congress. His wife announced to run for his congressional seat and won the election in November 4, 2014. His spouse was the first to replace a spouse in Congress, while the spouse is alive.

paragraphs: He was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2014 by President Barack Obama.

paragraphs: Dingell died of prostate cancer in hospice care in Dearborn, Michigan on February 7, 2019, aged 92.


title: C. Aubrey Smith

paragraphs: Sir Charles Aubrey Smith CBE(July 21, 1863 – December 20, 1948) was an English actor and cricket player. He was known for his roles in "The Four Fathers" (1939), "Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde" (1941), and in "And Then There Were None" (1945).

paragraphs: Smith was born on July 21, 1863 in London, England. He studied at the Charterhouse School and at St John's College, Cambridge. Smith was married to Isabella Wood from 1896 until his death in 1948. They had one child.

paragraphs: Smith died on December 20, 1948 in his home in Beverly Hills, California from pneumonia, aged 85. He was cremated. He was buried at St Leonard's Churchyard in Hove, East Sussex.


title: Millennium Force

paragraphs: Millennium Force is a steel giga roller coaster built by Intamin at Cedar Point in Sandusky, Ohio, United States. When it opened on May 13, 2000, it was the world's first giga roller coaster at 310 feet tall. It was also the world's tallest and fastest roller coaster for a short time until Steel Dragon 2000 opened later that year. It is also the second longest roller coaster in North America after The Beast at Kings Island.


title: Marjorie Lord

paragraphs: Marjorie Lord (born 26 July 1918) is an American actress. She acts mostly in television programs. She acted with Danny Thomas in "Make Room for Daddy". She is the mother of actress Anne Archer. Lord was born in San Francisco, California.


title: Carol Alt

paragraphs: Carol Ann Alt (born December 1, 1960) is an American model and actress. She first became famous around 1983. She did commercials for Diet Pepsi, Hanes, General Motors and many more. She was also on a lot of magazine covers. Alt was born in New York City.


title: Susanne Lothar

paragraphs: Susanne Lothar (15 November 1960 - 21 July 2012) was a German actress. She was born in Hamburg to actors Ingrid Andree and Hanns Lothar. She acted mostly in independent movies. She was in "The White Ribbon" and "The Piano Teacher". She also performed on stage. She died in Berlin in July 2012.


title: Sora (Kingdom Hearts)

paragraphs: Sora is the main character of the "Kingdom Hearts" video game series.

paragraphs: He is a teenager from Destiny Islands. He is best friends with both Riku and Kairi since his early childhood. He fights with a weapon called a keyblade and fights alongside Donald Duck and Goofy in the Kingdom Hearts games. They travel to different Disney worlds to protect the people living there from villains.

paragraphs: He was featured at #5 on Famitsu's "fifth most popular character of all time". He was also ranked at #19 on UGO Networks list of "Top 25 Japanese RPG Characters". He is voiced by Haley Joel Osment in the English version of the game and by Miyu Irino in the Japanese version.


title: Nintendo World Store

paragraphs: The Nintendo World Store is a specialty store that sells Nintendo video games and merchandise. It is located at 10 Rockefeller Center in New York City. It is owned by Nintendo. It opened on May 14, 2005, replacing the Pokémon Center that was there before.

paragraphs: The store is a two-story building. The first floor has Wii U, Nintendo 3DS, and "Pokémon Black 2 and White 2" sections. The second floor has a section with Wii consoles available for anyone to play. In addition, there are also Nintendo 3DS consoles available to play in the store. Some of the things that are sold there are exclusive to the store, meaning that they can only be bought there.

paragraphs: The store holds special tournaments and shows for new games. Early copies of the game and prizes are given out to the winners.


title: Fran Warren

paragraphs: Frances Wolfe (better known as Fran Warren; 4 March 1926 – 4 March 2013) was an American actress and singer. She had several hit songs. She acted in a few movies. She was born in and died near New York City.


title: Carriel Sur International Airport

paragraphs: The Carriel Sur International Airport (, ) is an international airport near Concepción, Chile. It is 8 km from downtown. The airport was opened on January 3, 1968. This is second largest airport in Chile after Comodoro Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport. This airport is operated by Sociedad Concesionaria Aerosur S.A.. The airport has flights to Santiago de Chile, Puerto Montt, Temuco and Pucón.


title: Next to Me (song)

paragraphs: "Next to Me" is a 2012 romantic single from Emeli Sandé. The song is about timing, romance and being close to somebody. This single hit #1 in Europe. It was a moderate success in the United States during 2012.


title: Back to December

paragraphs: "Back to December" is a song written and recorded by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. The song was produced by Nathan Chapman and Swift. It is from her third studio album, "Speak Now" (2010).

paragraphs: The song was released in the United States on November 14, 2010. It was the second single from "Speak Now". According to Swift, "Back to December" is the first time she ever apologizes to someone in a song. The song is about breakup and wanting to go back to former times. Its lyrics are a remorseful plea for forgiveness for breaking up with a former lover. This single got very high reviews from the critics. It was a hit in the United States in 2010. It peaked at #3 on the "Billboard" Hot Country Songs chart and at #6 on the Hot 100 chart.


title: Fifteen (song)

paragraphs: "Fifteen" is a song written and recorded by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. The song was produced by Nathan Chapman and Swift. The song is about heartbreak at age 15, being sad and coping with it. This single was a moderate hit in the United States. The release date was September 2009.


title: Rebecca Hall

paragraphs: Rebecca Maria Hall (born 3 May 1982) is an English actress. She acts in both movies and television shows. Her movies are the independent type. She was born near London, England. Her father is stage director Peter Hall.


title: Outstation

paragraphs: In Australia, an outstation is a small, rural settlement of Aboriginal Australians. They are usually built on or near the community's traditional country; the outstations are therefore also called homelands. The people living on an outstation are usually closely related, belonging to one or two families. The people will have a spiritual and ancestral relationship with the land. The number of people living in the settlement may rise and fall throughout the year, depending on events (such as deaths and ceremonies), but the permanent population is normally less than a few dozen. The definition of an outstation will vary greatly depending on the region, cultural group, history and state property laws. They are generally classed as residential areas on Aboriginal-owned land. They are often located near sites that are culturally important. The average outstation consists of little more than one or more houses and a source of water. They are usually very basic, and constructed entirely by the people living there. Most of these communities are located in the Northern Territory, Western Australia, South Australia and Queensland.

paragraphs: In statistical data, outstations are called "discrete indigenous communities". There are more than a thousand such communities in Australia. They are largely self-governing.

paragraphs: Historically, the word "outstation" referred to a dwelling or shelter on sheep or cattle stations. Such shelters were built on stations that were large enough to have more than a day's travel (by horseback) between different parts of the property. They contained beds and food for stockmen.

paragraphs: During the 1970s and 1980s, a large number of Aboriginal people moved away from the towns and missions in which they had been settled years before. They returned with their families to the areas where they grew up, and set up camps or homes there. This became known as the outstation movement. For most people, it was an attempt at returning to the traditional way of life and getting back their autonomy and self-sufficiency. This movement developed after the Australian government had decided to give welfare benefits to indigenous people. It had also started policies encouraging self-determination and self-management for indigenous communities. This was the opposite of what the government had previously planned for indigenous Australians (cultural assimilation).

paragraphs: In October 1976, a report by the Department of Aboriginal Affairs estimated that there were more than 100 outstation communities. Most of them were located in the Northern Territory. In Arnhem Land, there were about 55 outstations by the end of 1976, with an average size of about 30 people. About 30 more were located in the southwest of the Northern Territory, ranging in size from 15 to 100 people. The Northern Territory had early success in the outstation movemnet, because the Aboriginal Land Rights Act was passed in the territory in 1976. This was the first Aboriginal land rights law in the country.

paragraphs: There are now more than a thousand outstation communities in Australia. There are about 500 in the Northern Territory, and around one-third of Aboriginal people in the Territory live on outstations.

paragraphs: Several studies have shown that people living on outstations are much healthier than other Aboriginal people.


title: Margaret Leighton

paragraphs: Margaret Leighton (26 February 1922-13 January 1976) was an English actress. She acted in many television shows and movies all across western Europe and North America. Leighton was born in England. She died from multiple sclerosis.


title: Thalassaemia

paragraphs: Thalassaemia (or thalassemia) is a genetic disorder of the blood which originated in the Mediterranean region.

paragraphs: This disease is caused by the weakening and destruction of red blood cells. This is caused by mutant genes which affect how the body makes haemoglobin. Haemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells which carries oxygen. People with thalassaemia make less haemoglobin and fewer circulating red blood cells than normal, which results in mild or severe anemia.

paragraphs: Thalassaemia can cause significant complications, including pneumonia, iron overload, bone deformities and cardiovascular illness. However, this inherited disease of red blood cells gives a degree of protection against malaria, which is or was common in the regions where the trait is common. This selective survival advantage for carriers (known as heterozygous advantage) is responsible for keeping the mutation in populations way above its mutation rate. Carriers are heterozygous for the thalassaemia allele, meaning only one of their two alleles is mutant (abnormal). There are a number of different versions of thalassaemia. Each one is caused by a mutation in a different position in the genome.

paragraphs: In that respect, thalassaemia resembles another genetic disorder affecting haemoglobin, sickle-cell disease.

paragraphs: It is possible to cure patients with thalassaemia with bone marrow transplants from compatible donors. However, this method requires an HLA-matched compatible donor.


title: Prima Donna (song)

paragraphs: "Prima Donna" is a 2010 song from Christina Aguilera. It is about empowerment of women. The single was released in June 2010. It received positive reviews from critics.


Indonesian


title: Cepheid variable

paragraphs: Cepheids are a type of very luminous variable stars. There is a strong direct relationship between a Cepheid's luminosity and pulsation period. This makes Cepheids important standard candles for the galactic and extragalactic distance scales.

paragraphs: Cepheid variables are divided into several subclasses which exhibit clearly different masses, ages, and evolutionary histories:

paragraphs: The first cepheid known was Delta Cephei in the constellation Cepheus, found by John Goodricke in 1784. Delta Cephei is of great importance because its distance is extremely well known, thanks in part to it being in a star cluster, and the precise Hubble Space Telescope/Hipparcos parallaxes.

paragraphs: Classical Cepheids (also known as Population I Cepheids, Type I Cepheids, or Delta Cephei variables) pulsate with very regular periods of the order of days to months. Classical Cepheids are population I young variable stars which are 4–20 times more massive than the Sun, and up to 100,000 times more luminous. Cepheids are yellow supergiants of spectral class F6 – K2. When they pulsate, their radii change by ~25%. For the longer-period I Carinae this means millions of kilometers for a pulsation cycle.

paragraphs: Type II Cepheids (also termed Population II Cepheids) are population II variable stars which pulsate with periods between 1 and 50 days. Type II Cepheids are typically metal-poor, old (~10 giga years), low mass objects (~half the mass of the Sun). Type II Cepheids are divided into several subgroups by period.

paragraphs: Type II Cepheids are used to fix the distance to the galactic center of the Milky Way, globular clusters, and galaxies.

paragraphs: A group of pulsating stars on the instability strip have periods of less than 2 days, similar to RR Lyrae variables but with higher luminosities. Anomalous Cepheid variables have masses higher than type II Cepheids, RR Lyrae variables, and our sun. It is unclear whether they are young stars on a "turned-back" horizontal branch, blue stragglers formed through mass transfer in binary systems, or a mix of both.

paragraphs: A small proportion of Cepheid variables have been observed to pulsate in two modes at the same time, usually the fundamental and first overtone, occasionally the second overtone. A very small number pulsate in three modes, or an unusual combination of modes including higher overtones.


title: GloFish

paragraphs: Glofish are fish which glow in the dark. They glow because scientists changed their DNA to make them fluorescent. The seahorse and the zebra fish are two types of fish that have been used to make GloFish.


title: Lazarus Saturday

paragraphs: Lazarus Saturday is the day before Palm Sunday in the Orthodox Church. It celebrates the raising of Lazarus from the dead by Jesus (Gospel of John chapter 11). It is the start of Holy Week.


title: Joe Weider

paragraphs: Josef Edwin "Joe" Weider (November 29, 1919 – March 23, 2013) was a Canadian-American bodybuilder, trainer, businessman, and television personality. He was the founder of Mr. Olympia.

paragraphs: Weider was born on November 29, 1919 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada to a Polish-Jewish family. He was raised in Los Angeles, California. His brother was Ben Weider. Weider was married to Betty Brosmer from 1961 until his death in 2013. They had no children. Weider died on March 23, 2013 from heart failure in Los Angeles, California, aged 93.


title: George Pullman

paragraphs: George Mortimer Pullman (March 3, 1831 – October 19, 1897) was an American engineer and businessman. At the time of his death, he bequeathed 1.2 million dollars for a free school of manual training in the town of Pullman.

paragraphs: Pullman invented the Pullman sleeping car. He founded a company town, Pullman. He did all of his business in Chicago. He was supported by President Grover Cleveland during the Pullman Strike in Chicago.

paragraphs: Pullman was born on March 3, 1831 in Brocton, New York. He was raised in Albion, New York. Pullman was married to Hattie Amelia Sanger from 1867 until his death in 1897. They had four children. Pullman died on October 19, 1897 in Chicago, Illinois from a heart attack, aged 66. He was buried at Graceland Cemetery.


title: Compound fruit

paragraphs: The term compound fruit is not used in botany, but is sometimes used when it is not clear which of several fruit types a fruit belongs to. A compound fruit is "composed of two or more similar parts".

paragraphs: Grapes grow in clusters, but are not compound fruits. Each grape is grown from one ovary in one flower, and they are not attached to one another.


title: Boeing 80

paragraphs: The Boeing 80, sometimes called the Boeing Model 80 or just the Model 80, was an American airliner. It was a biplane with three engines. The Boeing 80 was built by the Boeing Airplane Company. It could carry mail and passengers.

paragraphs: Boeing Air Transport was started on February 17, 1927 by William Boeing. On July 1, 1927, planes from Boeing Air Transport started flying mail from San Francisco to Chicago. At first, the Boeing Model 40A was used for this.

paragraphs: Boeing decided to make a plane to carry passengers. In 1928 it designed the Model 80. The Boeing 80 could carry 12 people. The pilots sat in a cockpit in front of the passengers.

paragraphs: The first Boeing 80 took off on July 27, 1928. Three more Boeing 80s were made before Boeing started to make the Boeing 80A. The Boeing 80A was longer and it could carry 18 people. It also had better engines. It first took off on July 18, 1929.

paragraphs: The Boeing 80 first flew for Boeing Air Transport on September 20, 1928. It soon turned out to be successful. The Boeing 80A started being used in September 1929.

paragraphs: In May 1930, Boeing Air Transport hired eight female flight attendants. They first flew on May 15. The Boeing 80 and 80A were used until the Boeing 247 replaced them in 1934.

paragraphs: One Boeing 80A was found in a dump at Anchorage Airport in 1960. It was fixed up and it is now in the Museum of Flight in Seattle.


title: Boeing Monomail

paragraphs: The Boeing Model 200 Monomail was an American mail plane. It was built in the 1930s by Boeing. It flew for the first time on 6 May 1930.

paragraphs: The Boeing Monomail was a monoplane instead of a biplane. The wing was strong and did not need bracing. Its wheels could be ed. Only one plane was made for the US Army to look at. The plane eventually began to fly main from San Francisco to Chicago.

paragraphs: Another version was made, the Model 221. It was made longer by 8 inches. This meant it could carry passengers, but less cargo. This version first flew on 18 August 1930.

paragraphs: There were no good engines for the Boeing Monomail to use. By the time good engines could be used, new planes had been made which were better than the Monomail. One of these was the Boeing 247.


title: Giora Feidman

paragraphs: Giora Feidman (born March 26, 1936) is an Israeli clarinetist. He plays klezmer music.

paragraphs: Giora Feidman was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina. His Bessarabian Jewish parents immigrated there to escape persecution. Feidman's family are klezmer musicians. His father, grandfather and great-grandfather made music for weddings, Bar Mitzvahs, and holiday celebrations in the shtetls (villages) of Eastern Europe. Feidman married Ora Bat-Chaim in 1975. She was his personal manager.

paragraphs: Feidman started his career in Buenos Aires, where he was a member of the Teatro Colón Symphony Orchestra. Two years later he immigrated to Israel. He became the youngest clarinetist ever to play with the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra. He was a member of the orchestra for over 20 years. In the early 1970s he started a solo career. He has performed with the Berliner Symphoniker, the Kronos Quartet, the Polish Chamber Philarmonic, the Munich Chamber Philarmonic Orchestra, and the Munich Radio Orchestra.

paragraphs: Feidman started the "Clarinet and Klezmer in the Galilee" seminar and master class program, which takes place every year in Safed, Israel.


title: Louis Jourdan

paragraphs: Louis Jourdan (Louis Robert Gendre, June 19, 1921 – February 14, 2015) was a French retired actor. He appeared in "The Paradine Case" (1947), "Gigi" (1958), "The Best of Everything" (1959) and "Octopussy" (1983). His final movie before his retirement was "The Year Of The Comet" in 1992.

paragraphs: Jourdan was born on June 19, 1921 in Marseille, France. He studied at the École Dramatique. Jourdan was married to Berthe Frédérique from 1946 until her death in 2014. They had a son, Louis Jourdan, Jr.. Jourdan, Jr. died of a drug overdose aged 29 in 1981.

paragraphs: Jourdan died in Beverly Hills, California at the age of 93.


title: Norman Lloyd

paragraphs: Norman Nathan Lloyd (born November 8, 1914) is an American actor, producer, and director. He is known for his television role as Dr. Daniel Auschlander in "St. Elsewhere". His career has lasted for almost eighty years. He made a guest appearance on "Modern Family" in 2010.

paragraphs: Lloyd was born on November 8, 1914 in Jersey City, New Jersey. He studied to become an actor at the Civic Repertory Theatre in New York City.

paragraphs: Lloyd came to Hollywood to play a Nazi spy in Alfred Hitchcock's "Saboteur" (1942). Je started a long friendship and professional career with Hitchcock.

paragraphs: After a few more villainous movie roles, Lloyd also worked behind the camera as an assistant on Lewis Milestone's "Arch of Triumph" (1948). A friend of John Garfield, Lloyd appeared with him in "He Ran All the Way". Garfield's last movie before the Hollywood blacklist ended his movie career.

paragraphs: Lloyd was married to Peggy Craven from 1936 until her death in 2011. They had two children. Lloyd lives in Los Angeles, California.


title: Gill Pinnacle

paragraphs: Gill Pinnacle (or Gill's Pinnacle) is an inselberg in the far east of Western Australia, on the Ngaanyatjarra Lands. It is part of the Petermann Ranges. It consists of a dome-shaped hill, surrounded by dense shrub; its top is bare rock. The hill has been useful as a landmark, because it marks the location of one of the area's most reliable freshwater rockholes, Gordon's Springs. This is a few hundred meters to the north of the rock. The area is called (also spelled ' or ') in Pitjantjatjara and Ngaanyatjarra.

paragraphs: The first European people to visit the area were the explorers Ernest Giles and W. H. Tietkens, in 1874. They saw the rock from Weld Pass, which is further to the west. Giles named the rock after his brother-in-law. He named the waterhole, Gordon's Springs, after his nephew.

paragraphs: The closest town to Gill's Pinnacle is Kaltukatjara, Northern Territory, which is about to the east.


title: Peter Sallis

paragraphs: Peter John Sallis, (1 February 1921 – 2 June 2017) was a English actor, known for his roles as Norman Clegg in "Last of the Summer Wine" from its 1973 inception until its final episode in 2010, making him the only actor to appear in all 295 episodes. He also voiced Wallace in "Wallace and Gromit". He won an Annie Award in 2005.

paragraphs: Sallis was born on 1 February 1921 in Twickenham, Middlesex, England. He studied at the Minchenden Grammar School in North London. Sallis married Elaine Usher in 1957. They had a son, Crispian. Sallis has had a disease called macular degeneration since 2005.

paragraphs: Sallis died at the Denville Hall nursing home in Northwood, London, on 2 June 2017, aged 96.


title: Clifton James

paragraphs: George Clifton James (May 29, 1920 – April 15, 2017) was a retired American actor. He is best known for his role as Sheriff J.W. Pepper in the "James Bond" movies such as "Live and Let Die" (1973) and in "The Man With The Golden Gun" (1974).

paragraphs: James was born on May 29, 1920 in Spokane, Washington. He married Laurie Harper in 1951. Harper died in 2015. They had six children.

paragraphs: James died from complications of diabetes at his home in Gladstone, Oregon on April 15, 2017, age 96.


title: William Schallert

paragraphs: William Joseph Schallert (July 6, 1922 – May 8, 2016) was an American actor. He played the father on "The Patty Duke Show". He is also known for his guest-star roles in "The Smurfs", "Jefferson Drum", "Gunsmoke", "Star Trek", "Get Smart", "Lawman", "Matlock", "The Waltons", "Bonanza", and in "".

paragraphs: Schallert was born on July 6, 1922 in Los Angeles, California. He married Rosemarie D. Waggner in 1949. Schallert was the president of the Screen Actors Guild from 1979 through 1981. He died at his home in Pacific Palisades, California from complications from peripheral neuropathy on May 8, 2016, aged 93.


title: The Lincoln Lawyer

paragraphs: The Lincoln Lawyer is a 2011 American crime drama movie. The story is about a Los Angeles lawyer doing business in his luxury car. Matthew McConaughey, Marisa Tomei and Frances Fisher act. The movie was released in March 2011. The reviews were very positive. The box office intake was almost $86 million.


title: Peter Vaughan

paragraphs: Peter Vaughan (Peter Ewart Ohm; 4 April 1923 – 6 December 2016) was an English actor. He was known for his role as Charles Johnson in "Citizen Smith" and recently as Maester Aemon in "Game of Thrones".

paragraphs: Vaughan was born on 4 April 1923 in Wem, Shropshire, England. He was married to Billie Whitelaw from 1952 until they divorced in 1966. He was married to Lillias Walker until his death in 2016. Vaughan died in Mannings Heath, Sussex from epilepsy on 6 December 2016, aged 93.


title: James Karen

paragraphs: James Karen (born James Karnofsky; November 28, 1923 – October 23, 2018) was an American actor. He was known for his roles as Martin Frohm in "The Pursuit of Happyness" and as Ben Hubbard in "Superman Returns". He also starred in "Poltergeist" and "The Return of the Living Dead".

paragraphs: Karen was born on November 28, 1923 in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania to a Russian-Jewish family. He studied at Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre. Karen was married to Susan Reed from 1958 until they divorced in 1967. They had one child. He married Alba Francesca in 1986.

paragraphs: Karen died on October 23, 2018 in Los Angeles at the age of 94. The cause was cardiopulmonary arrest.


title: Theodore Bikel

paragraphs: Theodore Meir Bikel (May 2, 1924 – July 21, 2015) was an Austrian-American actor, singer, and musician. He was nominated for an Academy Award as Sheriff Max Muller in "The Defiant Ones" in 1958.

paragraphs: Bikel was born in Vienna, Austria on May 2, 1924. He studied at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London. He moved to the United States in 1954. He became a U.S. citizen in 1961.

paragraphs: Bikel was married to Ofra Ichilov from 1942 until they divorced in 1943. Then he was married to Rita Weinberg Call from 1967 until they divorced in 2008. He was married to Tamara Brooks from 2008 until her death in 2012. He had two children with Call.

paragraphs: Bikel died on July 21, 2015, at Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center in Los Angeles of natural causes, aged 91.


title: Jimmy Gardner

paragraphs: Edward Charles James Gardner, DFM (August 24, 1924 – May 3, 2010) was an English actor. He played Ernie Prang in "Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban" (2004).

paragraphs: Gardner was born on August 24, 1924 in Newmarket, Suffolk, England. Gardner died on May 3, 2010 in London, England from pneumonia, aged 85.


title: George Cole

paragraphs: George Edward Cole, OBE (22 April 1925 - 5 August 2015) was an English actor. He is known for his roles as Arthur Daley in "Minder" and as Flash Harry in the early versions of the "St Trinian's" movies.

paragraphs: Cole was born on April 22, 1925 in Tooting, South London, England. He was adopted when he was a baby. He was married to Eileen Moore from 1954 until they divorced in 1962. He married Penny Morrell in 1964. Cole died of an illness at Royal Berkshire Hospital, in Reading, Berkshire on 5 August 2015.


title: Kazuo Ishiguro

paragraphs: Sir Kazuo Ishiguro OBE (born 8 November 1954) is a British novelist of Japanese origin. He won the The Nobel Prize in Literature in 2017. He was born in Nagasaki, Japan; his family moved to England in 1960 when he was five.

paragraphs: His novels include "An Artist of the Floating World" (1986), "When We Were Orphans" (2000), and "Never Let Me Go" (2005). He won the Booker Prize for his 1989 novel "The Remains of the Day". "The Remains of the Day" was later adapted as a movie. The movie came out in 1993. It starred Anthony Hopkins and Emma Thompson. It was nominated for eight Academy Awards. He was knighted in 2018.


title: Love Story (song)

paragraphs: "Love Story" is a 2008 song written and recorded by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. The song was produced by Nathan Chapman and Swift.The story of the single is about a boy who is in love with a girl, resulting in a Romeo and Juliet type romance. The song received positive reviews from the critics. It sold millions of digital downloads and compact discs. The single was released in Autumn of 2008 in the United States.


title: Toe ring

paragraphs: Toe rings are rings worn on toes, in particular the second toe. They are worn on either foot, often with barefoot sandals, bare feet or anklets. They are usually made for females, although males sometimes wear the rings.


title: Giant star

paragraphs: A giant star is a star with much larger radius and luminosity than a main-sequence star of the same surface temperature.

paragraphs: Giant stars are up to a few hundred times the diameter of the Sun and between 10 and a few thousand times brighter than the Sun. They don't last as long as most main sequence stars. Stars still more luminous than giants are referred to as supergiants and hypergiants.

paragraphs: A hot, luminous main-sequence star may also be referred to as a giant.

paragraphs: There are a wide range of giant class stars, and sub-divisions are often used to identify particular types. Astronomers use such terms as: sub-giants, bright giants, red giants, yellow giants and blue giants.


title: Aggregate fruit

paragraphs: An aggregate fruit is a fruit that develops from a single flower, but the flower has more than one ovary, and the ovaries join together as the fruit grows.

paragraphs: A fruit that grows from just one flower that contains just one ovary, is not an aggregate fruit but a simple fruit.

paragraphs: Not all flowers with multiple ovaries grow into aggregate fruit; the ovaries of some flowers do not become tightly joined together to make a larger fruit.

paragraphs: Aggregate fruits may also be accessory fruits. In accessory fruits, parts of the flower that are not the ovary become juicy and form part of the fruit.


title: Sylvanian Families

paragraphs: Sylvanians were origanally set in Japan in the 1950's most of the families are rural middle-class with many luxuries and local buisnesses. They have many leisure activities such as horse riding, rowing and hosting garden parties. The simple caravan means that they can enjoy short stays on holiday. This means that they can be away from their house whether it is a small cottage or a multi-storey town house.

paragraphs: In 1985 Sylvanian Families were launched in both Japan and North America. They were such a success that in 1987 they moved over the Atlantic to Western Europe and to the UK. By 1988 these small toys were a major success world wide, they went on to win London toy of the year award 3 times in a row this had never been achieved before or after. They were so popular that in the late 80's an animated TV series was made, this was greatly watched and spain and the UK. In the 90's it was aired on American TV.

paragraphs: By the mid 1990's Sylvanian Families, despite their major success, had gone out of business in the UK. The production company Tomy lost the rights to Sylvanian Families and American Calico Critters. In the late 90's another company, Flair, took over Sylvanian Families and reintroduced them into the UK. It was in 2007 that they celebrated their 20th birthday a special edition dalmation family(that had not been sold since they went out of production) with red party hats saying 'happy birthday'. 2012 was the 25th birthday and they sold a celebration rabbit family in honour a birthday that they never have seen if it hadn't have been for Flair.

paragraphs: The address for the Sylvanian Families Shop in London is 68 Mountgrove Road. The shop is quite small but stuffed from floor to ceiling with figures, displays and new box sets. People from all around the world to go to the Sylvanian shop to become one of the many people who have been inside the famous shop.

paragraphs: In Japan there is a giant life size Sylvanian Families village, including a bakery with real bread based on the bread in watermill bakery. You can meet life size Sylvanian characters and go in life size houses made from the models themselves.


title: Four Weddings and a Funeral

paragraphs: Four Weddings and a Funeral is a 1994 British romantic comedy-drama movie. It was written and co-produced by Richard Curtis. It was directed by Mike Newell. It stars Hugh Grant as Charles and Andie MacDowell as Carrie, an American whom he repeatedly meets at weddings and a funeral as they become attracted to each other.


title: Boeing 247

paragraphs: The Boeing 247, sometimes called the Boeing Model 247 was an American airliner. It is thought to be the first airliner to fully use advanced things like able landing gear, an autopilot and deicing boots.

paragraphs: The Boeing 247 first flew on February 8, 1933. It started being used later that year. Later, planes became bigger and some had four engines. However, no big changes were made until Boeing made the Boeing 307 Stratoliner.

paragraphs: The Boeing 247 was an advanced plane. The design was taken from the Boeing Monomail (Models 200, 221, 221A) and the B-9 bomber. The Boeing 247 was faster than the Boeing P-12, which was the main American fighter at the time. The P-12 was did not have a roof on the cockpit, and it was a biplane. The Boeing 247 landed at just 62 mph. This meant that flaps were not needed. At just 10 mph, the back wheel came off the ground, which made it easier to steer.

paragraphs: Also, the 247 was the first airliner with two engines which could fly on just one engine. The Boeing 247 had special propellers. It could fly at 11,500 ft at full weight. The Douglas DC-1 and some other airliners before World War II used parts of the Boeing 247's design. The 247 was supposed to carry 14 passengers and have Pratt & Whitney R-1690 Hornet engines, but the plane was made smaller and got different engines.

paragraphs: The pilots did not think that the plane, which weighed eight tons, could land on any runway back then. They also did not like the Hornet engines. This was because most pilots were used to Wasps. It was thought that they would find Hornets too powerful. Pratt & Whitney's chief engineer, George Mead, knew that the pilots were wrong. P&W's head, Frederick Rentschler, decided to do what the pilots wanted. This made an argument between Mead and Rentschler.

paragraphs: Even though there were some arguments about the design and engines, the 247 was still a very good design. Boeing showed it at the 1933 Chicago World's Fair.

paragraphs: Boeing wanted to make the plane as safe as possible. They made the plane strong and put in things to make passengers more comfortable. For example, the cabin had air conditioning. It was also sound-proof. The plane had a pilot, co-pilot and a flight attendant. The wheels did not fully go into the plane. A part of the wheels hung down below the plane. This was done to make it safer for the plane to land if the landing gear could not be put down. The wheel at the back of the plane could not be moved.

paragraphs: In 1934, Boeing put a Boeing 247 into the MacRobertson Race. In the race, planes raced from England to Australia. The pilots of the Boeing plane were Col.Roscoe Turner and Clyde Pangborn. The 247 was basically a normal plane, but some parts were taken out to make space for more fuel tanks. Many different planes from all over the world took part. Turner and Pangborn came in second place. The Douglas DC-2 came first.

paragraphs: The Boeing 247 won the 1934 US Collier Trophy for "excellence in aviation design".

paragraphs: The 247 could go across the United States eight hours faster than any plane which came before it. The Boeing 247 started being used on May 22, 1933. One set a record of 19½ hours when it flew from San Francisco to New York City.

paragraphs: The first 60 247s were sold to Boeing Air Transport (part of the United Aircraft and Transport Corporation, UATC). They cost $65,000 each. TWA (Transcontinental & Western Air) also ordered the 247 but UATC said no. TWA President Jack Frye asked for a new airliner. He paid Don Douglas to design and build the Douglas DC-1 prototype. Douglas eventually made the DC-3 line.

paragraphs: The Boeing 247 was shown to have some serious problems with its design. Air carriers did not like the fact that it only carried 10 passengers. The DC-2 and later DC-3 could carry many more passengers. This meant that the Boeing 247 would not earn airlines as much money.

paragraphs: Seventy-five 247s were built. Douglas got 800 orders for DC-3s from airlines before the Pearl Harbor attack. Douglas made over 10,000 DC-3s.

paragraphs: Many of United's Boeing 247s were bought by Western Air Express. It was said that they were bought at a very low price.

paragraphs: The 247 was used until World War II. The Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) had seven 247s to move soldiers around. Some 247s were still flying in the late 1960s. These were either cargo planes or personal planes.

paragraphs: October 10, 1933 – A United Air Lines 247 was blown up by a bomb.

paragraphs: November 9, 1933 - A United Air Lines 247 crashed after it took off. Four of the nine people on the plane died.

paragraphs: December 20, 1934 - United Air Lines Flight 6, a 247, crashed near Western Springs, Illinois. Nobody died. The plane was fixed and started flying again.

paragraphs: October 7, 1935 – United Air Lines Trip 4, a 247D, crashed 10 miles to the west of Cheyenne, Wyoming. It is not known why it crashed. Everybody on the plane died.

paragraphs: October 30, 1935 - A United Air Lines Boeing 247D crashed near Cheyenne. Everyone on board died.

paragraphs: December 15, 1936 – Seven people died when Western Air Express Flight 6, a 247D, crashed on Lone Peak in Utah.

paragraphs: December 27, 1936 - United Air Lines Trip 34, a 247D, crashed in Los Angeles County, California. All 12 people on board died.

paragraphs: January 12, 1937 – Western Air Express Flight 7, a 247, crashed into a mountain in Newhall, California. Five people died.


title: Max Wright

paragraphs: George Edward Maxwell "Max" Wright (August 2, 1943 – June 26, 2019) was an American actor. He was best known for his role as Willie Tanner on the television comedy series "ALF".

paragraphs: Wright was born on August 2, 1943 in Detroit, Michigan. He was married to Linda Wright from 1965 until her death in 2017. They had two children, Ben and Daisy.

paragraphs: In January 2000, Wright was arrested for drunken driving in Los Angeles, California. Wright had another DUI arrest in 2003.

paragraphs: In 1995, he was diagnosed with lymphoma. He was remission until the cancer returned in early 2019. Wright died on June 26, 2019 at his home in Englewood, New Jersey from the disease at the age of 75.


title: Richard Curtis

paragraphs: Richard Whalley Anthony Curtis (born 8 November 1956) is a New Zealand screenwriter and movie producer and director. He was born in Wellington. He lives in England. He gained a Bachelor of Arts degree in English Language and Literature from Christ Church, Oxford.


title: Separation anxiety disorder

paragraphs: Separation anxiety disorder is a psychological problem. It makes a person have very intense anxiety when they are away from other people or their homes, school or friends to whom the person carries a strong emotional connection. There is too much fear or worry which is not normal of the true mental age and level. This condition may sometimes create physical troubles. Those under 18 are at highest risk for the problem.


title: Deborah Raffin

paragraphs: Deborah Iona Raffin (March 13, 1953 – November 21, 2012) was an American actress, director, screenwriter, and audio book publisher. She was known for her role in "Touched by Love" (1981).

paragraphs: Raffin was born on March 13, 1953 in Los Angeles, California to executive Phillip J. Raffin and to actress Trudy Marshall, both from Brooklyn, New York. She was raised in Los Angeles, California. Raffin was Jewish.

paragraphs: In 1985 she starred as Kathryn Davis in "Death Wish 3". In 1988, she starred in James Clavell's "Noble House" with Pierce Brosnan. In 1991, she appeared as Julie Vale in "". She later appeared as Aunt Julie on the television show "7th Heaven", and as Dr. Hightower in the ABC Family teenager series, "The Secret Life of the American Teenager".

paragraphs: She was nominated for both a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress - Motion Picture Drama and a Razzie Award for Worst Actress for her performance in Touched by Love in 1981.

paragraphs: Raffin was married to Michael Vinner from 1975 until they divorced in 2005. They had a daughter, Taylor Rose Vinner. In 2011, Raffin was diagnosed with leukemia (blood cancer).

paragraphs: A year later, on November 21, 2012 Raffin died at the Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center in Los Angeles, California from the disease, aged 59. She was survived by her daughter Taylor Rose.


title: William Powell

paragraphs: William Horatio Powell (July 29, 1892 – March 5, 1984) was an American actor. He was known for his role in "Thin Man" (1934). He was nominated an Academy Award for Best Actor three times for his roles in "The Thin Man" (1934), "My Man Godfrey" (1936), and "Life with Father" (1947).

paragraphs: Powell was born on July 29, 1892 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He was raised in Kansas City, Missouri. Powell studied at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts.

paragraphs: He was married to Eileen Wilson from 1915 until they divorced in 1930. Then he was married to Carole Lombard from 1931 until they divorced in 1933. Then he was married to Diana Lewis from 1940 until his death in 1984. He had a son with Wilson, William David (who committed suicide in 1968).

paragraphs: Powell died on March 5, 1984 in his home in Palm Springs, California from heart failure, aged 91. He was buried at Desert Memorial Park in Cathedral City, California.


title: Mitchell Hooks

paragraphs: Mitchell Hooks (1923 – March 17, 2013) was an American artist and illustrator renowned for his artwork for paperback books and magazines. He was known for illustrating movie posters for "Dr. No", "The Sand Pebbles", and for "El Dorado".

paragraphs: Hooks was born in 1923 in Detroit, Michigan. He died on March 17, 2013 his home Los Angeles, California from natural causes, aged 89.


title: Virgil Trucks

paragraphs: Virgil Oliver "Fire" Trucks (April 26, 1917 – March 23, 2013) was an American baseball player who was a starting pitcher in Major League Baseball.

paragraphs: From 1941 through 1958, Trucks played for the Detroit Tigers (1941–1943, 1945–1952, 1956), St. Louis Browns (1953), Chicago White Sox (1953–1955), Kansas City Athletics (1958) and New York Yankees (1958). He batted and threw right-handed.

paragraphs: Trucks was born on April 26, 1917 in Birmingham, Alabama. He was married to Elizabeth Ann Newman until his death in 2013. Trucks died in his home in Calera, Alabama from natural causes, aged 95.


title: Rajpath

paragraphs: Rajpath (, meaning "King's Way") is the national boulevard of India. It is in New Delhi, the capital of India. The boulevard starts at the home of the President of India and ends at the National Stadium.


title: City of David

paragraphs: The City of David (, "Ir David"), called in , Wadi Hilweh, is an archaeological site in Jerusalem. It is next to the south-eastern corner of the walls of the Old City of Jerusalem. The site is attributed to the palace of king David, and includes a water tunnel that was built by the king Hezekiah.


title: Boeing 307 Stratoliner

paragraphs: The Boeing Model 307 Stratoliner was an airliner which was made by Boeing. It was the first airliner to have a pressurized cabin. This meant that the Boeing 307 could fly at 20,000 ft (6,000 m), which is above most weather. If the plane was at 14,700 ft (4,480 m), it would be like 8,000 ft (2,440 m) inside the cabin. The Model 307 carried five crew and 33 passengers. The cabin was nearly 12 ft (3.6 m) across. It was the first plane which took off from land to have a flight engineer.

paragraphs: In 1935 Boeing designed an airliner with four engines. It was based on the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress. This airliner was called the Model 307. It had the same wings, tail, rudder, landing gear and engines as the B-17C. However, the middle of the plane was a circle. Its diameter was . It was designed so that the plane could be pressurized.

paragraphs: The first order was made in 1937 by Pan American Airways. Pan Am then ordered more. Transcontinental & Western Air (TWA) ordered five. Boeing then started making the plane.

paragraphs: When the U.S. joined World War II in December 1941, it was thought to be a luxury to fly. The war meant that government and military officers needed to fly long distances. Planes like Pan Am's 14 flying boats and TWA's five Boeing 307s were used for this. More fuel tanks were added to allow it to fly further. Military Boeing 307s were called C-75s. Before World War II stopped them being made, 10 307s had been made for airlines. TWA flew between New York and Los Angeles for 18 months until the Army bought their planes. TWA changed their 307s to C-75s in January 1942. These were the only American planes which could cross the Atlantic with cargo until the Douglas C-54 Skymaster was made in November 1942.

paragraphs: C-75s had the pressurization equipment removed to make the plane lighter. Some seats were taken off, and some other changes were made. Five fuel tanks were put onto the plane. The landing gear was made stronger and the maximum take-off weight was made bigger (from ). The outside was painted olive drab.

paragraphs: The first Boeing 307 Stratoliner flew from Boeing Field, Seattle on December 31, 1938. However, it crashed on March 18, 1939, while KLM was looking at it.

paragraphs: The first delivery was made to Howard Hughes. He bought one Boeing 307 to fly around the world. He wanted to do it faster than he did before. Hughes' Boeing Stratoliner had more fuel tanks. It was ready to go, but then Nazi Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939, so Howard Hughes did not make his flight. This 307 had its extra fuel tanks taken off. It also had more powerful engines added. It was supposed to be a "flying penthouse" for Hughes, but it was not used a lot. It was eventually sold.

paragraphs: Pam Am started getting its Boeing 307s in March 1940. TWA got its first 307 in April. TWA used its 307s to fly from Los Angeles to New York City. Pan Am's flew from Miami to Latin America. Ten 307s were made. Three were given to Pan Am (named Clipper Flying Cloud, Clipper Comet, and Clipper Rainbow) and five to TWA (named Comanche, Cherokee, Zuni, Navajo, and Apache). One went to Howard Hughes. The first 307 crashed.

paragraphs: After the United States joined World War II, Pan Am kept flying its planes to Central and South America, but the Army Air Force was in charge of them. TWA's Boeing 307s were sold to the U.S. government. They were called Boeing C-75 and used by the United States Army Air Forces.

paragraphs: The U. S. Army gave the five C-75s back to TWA in 1944. TWA sent them back to Boeing to be rebuilt. Boeing replaced the wings and put in more powerful engines. The electrics were replaced with electrics from the Boeing B-29 Superfortress. After these changes, the 307 could carry 38 passengers. TWA switched to the Lockheed Constellation, but the 307s were used until April, 1951.

paragraphs: TWA sold its Stratoliners to Aigle Azur.

paragraphs: The C-75 flew two main routes: Washington, D.C. to Cairo and New York to Scotland. They sometimes flew from Gander, Newfoundland to Prestwick, Scotland and between Natal, Brazil and Accra, Ghana. After July 1942, they could stop to refuel at Ascension Island. I

paragraphs: The only Boeing 307 Stratoliner which still exists is at the Smithsonian Museum's Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center. On March 28, 2002, this plane was damaged a lot when it ditched in Elliott Bay in Seattle, Washington. That was its last flight before it went to the Smithsonian.

paragraphs: The main part of Howard Hughes' 307 also still exists, but it is now a house boat.


title: Vladimír Čech

paragraphs: Vladimír Čech (6 July 1951 – 22 March 2013) was an Czech actor, presenter and former politician. He was known for being the voice of "Garfield" in the Czech versions.

paragraphs: Čech was born on 6 July 1951 in Prague, Czechoslovakia. He studied at the Theatre Faculty of the Academy of Performing Arts. Čech died of Lynch syndrome (a type of colon cancer) and pneumonia on 22 March 2013 in his home in Prague, Czech Republic, aged 61.


title: Ducky Detweiler

paragraphs: Robert Slerling "Ducky" Detweiler (February 15, 1919 – March 13, 2013) was an American professional baseball infielder and manager. Listed at 5' 11", 178 lb., he batted and threw right handed. He played for the Boston Braves (1942, 1946).

paragraphs: Detweiler was born on February 15, 1919 in Trumbauersville, Pennsylvania. He studied at Quakertown High School. Detweiler was married to Jean Cahall from 1944 until his death in 2013. They had one daughter, Gina. Detweiler died on March 13, 2013 in his home in Easton, Maryland from natural causes, aged 94.


title: Barnala

paragraphs: Barnala () is a sub-district of the Bhimber District, Azad Kashmir in Pakistan.


title: Islam in Afghanistan

paragraphs: Islam is the state religion of the Afghanistan. About 99.7% of the Afghan population is Muslim. About 80-89% practice Sunni Islam and belong to the Hanafi Islamic law school. 10-19% are Shi'a, most of whom follow the Twelver branch with smaller numbers of Ismailis.


title: Pier 39

paragraphs: Pier 39 is a place in San Francisco. It is a popular place for tourists and has many things to do. There are many restaurants, shops, street performances and a video arcade. Pier 39 is home to many sea lions and a two-level carousel at the end of the pier.

paragraphs: Pier 39 was first developed by Warren Simmons and opened October 4, 1978.


title: Keio University

paragraphs: Keio University is one of the oldest universities in Japan. It started in Tokyo in 1858 as a school for Western studies.


title: Jessica Lucas

paragraphs: Jessica Lucas (September 24 1985) is a Canadian television and movie actress. She played Lily in the movie "Cloverfield". She also acted in several notable television programs. She was born in Vancouver, British Columbia.


title: The Kennedys (miniseries)

paragraphs: The Kennedys was an American-Canadian 2011 Emmy Award-winning miniseries.

paragraphs: "The Kennedy's" was about the political career and the personal life of John F. Kennedy, Robert F. Kennedy, and Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr.. The show was about how Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr. made John F. Kennedy win his election for President.

paragraphs: As the show continued, they show the difficulties of Kennedy's presidency, Joseph's stroke and rough relationship with Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy, and the assassination of both John and Robert Kennedy. The show also featured John's relationship with his wife Jacqueline Kennedy.


title: Ascot, Berkshire

paragraphs: Ascot is a large village in the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead in Berkshire. It is most famous as the location of Ascot Racecourse, which hosts the Royal Ascot meeting.


title: Lewis Stone

paragraphs: Lewis Shepard Stone (November 15, 1879 – September 12, 1953) was an American actor. He was known for his role as Judge James Hardy in fifteen movies of the "Andy Hardy" movie series. The first movie was "You're Only Young Once" (1937).

paragraphs: Stone was born on November 15, 1879 in Worcester, Massachusetts. He was married to Florence Oakley until they divorced. They had two children. Then he was married to Margaret Langham from 1907 until her death. Then he was married to Hazel Elizabeth Wolf from 1930 until his death in 1953.

paragraphs: Stone died in Hancock Park, Los Angeles, California on September 12, 1953. He was chasing away some neighborhood children after they attacked his house. His wife Hazel tried to stop Stone from running. Stone managed to run until he suffered a fatal heart attack. He was 73 years old.


title: Wrigley Building

paragraphs: The Wrigley Building (400-410 North Michigan Avenue, Near North Side, Chicago, Illinois) is a skyscraper in Chicago. It is directly across Michigan Avenue from the Tribune Tower on the Magnificent Mile.

paragraphs: It was built to hold the corporate headquarters of the Wrigley Company. Construction began for the building in 1920. The building was Chicago's first air-conditioned office building.

paragraphs: The Wrigley Building was sold in 2011 to a group of investors that includes Zeller Realty Group and Groupon co-founders Eric Lefkofsky and Brad Keywell.


title: Conrad Totman

paragraphs: Conrad Davis Totman (born January 5, 1934) is an American historian, academic, writer, translator and Japan studies expert. Totman is a retired professor at Yale University.

paragraphs: Totman was born in Conway, Massachusetts. He studied at the University of Massachusetts. He was granted a Ph.D. in Asian history at Harvard University in 1964.

paragraphs: Totman taught Japanese history at the University of California at Santa Barbara, at Northwestern University, and at Yale. He retired from Yale in 1997.

paragraphs: In an overview of writings by and about Totman, OCLC/WorldCat lists roughly 30+ works in 140+ publications in 4 languages and 7,800+ library holdings.


title: Gregory Smits

paragraphs: Gregory James Smits (born 1960) is an American historian, academic, writer and Japan studies expert. He is a professor of Japanese history at Pennsylvania State University.

paragraphs: Smits was born 1960 in Columbia, Missouri. He was earned an undergraduate degree at the University of Florida in 1983. He was awarded a Masters Degree at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. He was granted a Ph.D. at the University of Southern California.

paragraphs: In an overview of writings by and about Smits, OCLC/WorldCat lists roughly 8 works in 15+ publications in 2 languages and 1,100+ library holdings.


title: John Charles Daly

paragraphs: John Charles Patrick Croghan Daly (February 20, 1914 – February 24, 1991) was an American journalist, personality, actor, and game show host. He was known for hosting "What's My Line". He was also the Vice President of ABC during the 1950s. He was the son-in-law of Chief of Justice Earl Warren.

paragraphs: Daly was born on February 20, 1914 in Johannesburg, South Africa to an American family. His parents were on a trip in Johannesburg when he was born. After his father died, Daly and his mother moved to Boston, Massachusetts. Daly studied at the Tilton School and at Boston College.

paragraphs: He was married to Margaret Griswell Neal from 1937 until they divorced in 1959 or 1960. They had three children. Then he was married to Virginia Warren from 1960 until his death in 1991. Virginia was the daughter of Chief Justice Earl Warren.

paragraphs: Daly died on February 24, 1991 in his home in Chevy Chase, Maryland from cardiac arrest, aged 77.

paragraphs: Daly won an Emmy Award in 1955, an Golden Globe Award in 1962, and three Peabody Award in 1954, 1956, and in 1957.


title: Elaine Stritch

paragraphs: Elaine Stritch (February 2, 1925 – July 17, 2014) was an American actress and vocalist. She was known for her role as Colleen Donaghy in "30 Rock". Stritch was nominated for five Tony Awards. She won three Emmy Awards and two Drama Desk Awards.

paragraphs: Stritch was born on February 2, 1925 in Detroit, Michigan to an Irish-Welsh family. She studied at The New School in New York City. Stritch was married to John Bay from 1973 until his death in 1982. She lived in Birmingham, Michigan.

paragraphs: Stritch died at her home in Birmingham, Michigan from complications of stomach cancer and diabetes on July 17, 2014 at the age of 89.


title: Drama Desk Award

paragraphs: The Drama Desk Awards are theatre awards. They are given every year in a number of categories. They are the only major New York theatre honors in which productions on Broadway, Off-Broadway, and Off-Off-Broadway compete against each other in the same category. Presented since 1955, they are thought as one of the most important American theatre awards along with the Tony Award.


title: Copycat suicide

paragraphs: Sometimes, after a person commits suicide (kills themself), other people will copy them and also kill themselves. This is called copycat suicide. People may commit copycat suicide after a person they know commits suicide, or after hearing about a suicide through television or other media.

paragraphs: After a famous suicide, there may be more copycat suicides. This is called the Werther effect. Sudden rises in copycat suicides can spread through a home, schools, or even across an entire country. These are called cluster suicides.


title: Joel Osteen

paragraphs: Joel Scott Osteen (born March 5, 1963) is an American author, televangelist, and the senior pastor of Lakewood Church in Houston, Texas.

paragraphs: His ministry reaches over seven million broadcast media viewers weekly in over 100 nations around the world. His first book, “Your Best Life Now” has sold 5 million copies. Lakewood Church now occupies the former Compaq Center, once home to the NBA’s Houston Rockets. The venue seats 16,000 people.

paragraphs: Osteen was born on March 5, 1963 in Houston, Texas. He has been married to Victoria Osteen since 1987. They have two children. He lives in Houston, Texas.

paragraphs: In August 2017, Osteen received significant backlash on social media after he did not initially open Lakewood Church as an emergency shelter following Hurricane Harvey. A post on the church's Facebook page and an Instagram post by associate pastor John Gray, which was later deleted, claimed that flooded highways had made the church inaccessible.


title: Richard Kind

paragraphs: Richard John Kind (born November 22, 1956) is an American actor and voice actor. He is known for his roles in "Mad About You" (as Dr. Mark Devanow) and in "Spin City" (as Paul Thomas Lassiter).

paragraphs: Kind was born on November 22, 1956 in Trenton, New Jersey to a Jewish family. He grew up in Bucks County, Pennsylvania. Kind studied at Pennsbury High School and at Northwestern University. He married Dana Stanley in 1999. They have three children. Kind now lives in Santa Monica, California and in Chicago, Illinois.


title: Revelstoke, British Columbia

paragraphs: Revelstoke is a city in the Canadian province of British Columbia. Revelstoke is in southeastern in British Columbia and is 641 kilometers (398 mi) east of Vancouver.

paragraphs: The population of Revelstoke was 7,139 in 2011. The mayor of Revelstoke is David Raven.

paragraphs: The Canadian Pacific Railway opened in the 1880s and ran through Revelstoke. The city was originally named Farwell after one of the local land owner and surveyors. It was then renamed Revelstoke after Lord Revelstoke, head of Baring Brothers & Co. The city of Revelstoke holds the Canadian record for snowiest single winter when 2447 cm (80 feet) of snow fell on Mt.Copeland outside town during winter of 1971-72.


title: Clive Revill

paragraphs: Clive Selsby Revill (born 18 April 1930) is a New Zealand-born British actor who is best known for his roles in "Avanti!", "A Fine Madness", "The Assassination Bureau", and in "The Pickwick Papers". He also voiced Alfred Pennyworth in "" and Emperor Palpatine in "". He was nominated for an Golden Globe Award for his role in "Avanti!".

paragraphs: Revill was born in Wellington, New Zealand to British parents. He was raised in London, England. He was married to Valerie Nelson from 1970 until they divorced in 1977. Then he was married to Suzi Schor from 1978 until they divorced in 1988. They had one daughter, Kate Selsby. Revill now lives in Los Angeles, California.


title: Ronald Toby

paragraphs: Ronald P. Toby (1942 — ) is an American historian, academic, writer and Japan studies expert.

paragraphs: Toby earned a doctorate in Japanese history from Columbia University in 1977.

paragraphs: Toby has been a history professor at the University of California at Berkeley, Keio University and the University of Tokyo.

paragraphs: In an overview of writings by and about Toby, OCLC/WorldCat lists roughly 18 works in 30+ publications in 3 languages and 790+ library holdings.


title: Kindergarten Cop

paragraphs: Kindergarten Cop is a 1990 American criminal comedy movie. It is about 2 undercover cops pretending to be teachers at an elementary school to find the wife of a drug dealer. Penelope Ann Miller, Pamela Reed, Matthew Lillard and Arnold Schwarzenegger are in the cast. The movie was released in December 1990. It received mixed reviews by critics. However, earned over $200 million at the box office, making the movie very successful.


title: Division of Bendigo

paragraphs: The Division of Bendigo is an Australian Electoral Division in Victoria. The division was created in 1900 first federal election in 1901. It is named for the city of Bendigo. In the early years was covered only Bendigo, but on later boundaries the seat has included towns such as Echuca, Castlemaine, Maryborough and Seymour. It now includes Bendigo, Castlemaine, Kyneton and Maldon.

paragraphs: Bendigo has often been held by both the Australian Labor Party and the conservative parties. Bendigo has had 15 members, the second-highest number (with Denison) of any federal electorate. Famous members have been its first member, Sir John Quick, who was a leading federalist, and Prime Minister Billy Hughes. Hughes, who came from Sydney, represented Bendigo for two terms at a time when the federal Parliament met in Melbourne. John Brumby, who held the seat from 1983 to 1990, later became Premier of Victoria.


title: Holyland Model of Jerusalem

paragraphs: The Holyland Model of Jerusalem is a model of Old City of Jerusalem from the period of the Second Temple. It was first held in the Holyland Hotel in Jerusalem. It was opened in 1966, together with other models of ancient structure models of Israel. In 2006 the model was moved to a new site in the Israel Museum.


title: T.O.P

paragraphs: T.O.P. or Choi Seung-hyun (born November 4, 1987) is a Korean entertainer. He is a Top rapper, singer, songwriter, model, and actor. He was born on November 4, 1987. He is the oldest member of Big Bang.


title: Shrine of the Book

paragraphs: The Shrine of the Book (, ) is a famous building in the Israel Museum in Jerusalem. It shows the Dead Sea scrolls that were discovered in 1947 at Khirbet Qumran by the Archaeologist Dr. Yigael Yadin.


title: Walytjatjata

paragraphs: Walytjatjata (also spelled Walytjatjara) is a place in the Northern Territory of Australia that is culturally important to the Pitjantjatjara Aboriginal community. It is located in the far south of the Territory, about away from the border with South Australia. It is surrounded to the north by the western hills of the Mann Ranges. An outstation was built here in the 1980s, although nobody currently lives there permanently. Most of the families associated with the place live in Pipalyatjara, about to the south-east. The houses there are sometimes used for hunting, foraging, painting and cultural events. Nearby are several rockholes and a sacred rock formation that is associated with the .

paragraphs: The name "" refers to something having an owner in Pitjantjatjara.


title: QVC

paragraphs: QVC is a multinational group that represents shopping at home. The name "QVC" means Quality, Value and Convenience.

paragraphs: The group are a television network that runs 24 hours a day and seven days per week. Celebrities on QVC have included Rachael Ray, Susan Lucci and Joan Rivers. This network specializes primarily in fashion, shoes and clothing. QVC serves almost 235 million customers in six countries. It was founded by Joseph Segel.


title: Home Shopping Network

paragraphs: The Home Shopping Network, or HSN, are a major American television group that sell primarily fashion, jewelry, shoes and clothing, although they may sometimes sell other products. HSN were launched in 1982, though did not become national until around 1985. HSN services are broadcasted in several countries around the world.


title: Evening gown

paragraphs: An evening gown is a fancy dress. It is usually worn to parties or formal dinners. These dresses are usually floor-length dresses


title: Gloria Reuben

paragraphs: Gloria Reuben (born June 9th, 1964) is a Canadian actress and singer. She acts in both television series and movies. Reuben played Elizabeth Keckley in the 2012 movie "Lincoln". She played Jeanie Boulet in the medical drama "ER". Reuben was born in Toronto, Ontario.


title: Wikivoyage

paragraphs: Wikivoyage is a free travel and tourism guide on the web. It is written by volunteer authors using a wiki. Anyone can edit articles. The name "Wikivoyage" is a combination of the words "wiki" and "voyage", the French word for travel, journey, or trip.

paragraphs: Wikivoyage started publicly in December 2006 as a German-language version that was supported by German and Swiss authors. It was owned by a German non-profit association named Wikivoyage e.V. The Italian version started in December 2007.

paragraphs: In 2012, the content of Wikitravel in other languages was copied to Wikivoyage. At the same time Wikivoyage became hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation (WMF), a non-profit organization that hosts other wikis such as Wikipedia. Wikivoyage was officially re-launched by Wikimedia on January 15, 2013. At that time Wikivoyage was available in German, Italian, English, French, Dutch, Russian, Swedish, Portuguese and Spanish languages. The English version is the biggest, with more than 27,400 articles in September 2016.

paragraphs: Wikivoyage is written by the collaboration of "Wikivoyagers" from around the world. Articles cover different levels of geography, from continents to districts of a city. Articles mostly consist of: destinations, itineraries, phrasebooks, and travel topics.

paragraphs: Geographical units are described in articles based on, "can you sleep there?"

paragraphs: Articles list attractions such as hotels, restaurants, bars, stores, nightclubs, tour operators, museums, statues or other works of art, city parks, town squares or streets, festivals or events, transport systems or stations, bodies of water, and uninhabited islands.

paragraphs: An itinerary describes a list of destinations and attractions to visit during a specific amount of time, with recommendations of how long to stay and routes to follow. Itineraries usually have a well-defined path.

paragraphs: Travel topics include the following: Something that is too large or too detailed to go in a destination article. General travel information that applies to many destinations. Major events that occur in different places. Specialist information such as scuba-diving sites.


title: RR Lyrae

paragraphs: RR Lyrae is a pulsating variable star in the constellation Lyra. It is the model for the variable stars known as RR Lyrae variables. It pulses over a short cycle of 13 hours, 36 minutes. Each radial pulsation causes the radius of the star to vary between 5.1 and 5.6 times the Sun's radius.

paragraphs: Stars of this type are often found in globular clusters, and used as standard candles to measure distances to other galaxies.

paragraphs: RR Lyrae and its type are pulsating stars of spectral class A (and rarely F), with a mass of around half the Sun's. It is thought they previously shed mass and consequently, they were once stars with similar or slightly less mass than the Sun, about 0.8 solar masses.

paragraphs: RR Lyrae stars pulse in a manner similar to Cepheid variables, so the mechanism for the pulsation is thought to be similar. The nature and histories of these stars is thought to be rather different.

paragraphs: Unlike Cepheids, RR Lyraes are old, low mass, metal-poor "Population II" stars. They are much more common than Cepheids, but also much less luminous. The average absolute magnitude of an RR Lyrae is about 0.75, only 40 or 50 times brighter than our Sun. Their period is shorter, typically less than one day, sometimes ranging down to seven hours.

paragraphs: The relationship between pulsation period and absolute magnitude of RR Lyraes makes them good standard candles for relatively near objects, especially within the Milky Way. They are extensively used in globular cluster studies, and also used to study chemical properties of older stars.

paragraphs: Knowing the period-luminosity relation for local RR Lyrae-type variable stars allows the distance of more distant stars of this type to be determined. The distance of RR Lyrae remained uncertain until 2002 when the Hubble Space Telescope was used to fix its distance within a 5% margin of error. The result was . When combined with measurements from the Hipparcos satellite and other sources, the result is a distance estimate of .


title: Rosalind Russell

paragraphs: Rosalind Russell (born June 4, 1907 - died November 28, 1976) was an American actress who acted in lots of stage plays and many movies. She played a fast talking newspaper reporter in the 1940 screwball movie "His Girl Friday" and Mame Dennis in the movie "Auntie Mame". Russell was born in Connecticut. She died from breast cancer at age sixty-nine in Beverly Hills, California.


title: L'Osservatore Romano

paragraphs: L'Osservatore Romano is the official newspaper of the Holy See. It was first published in 1861. It is not used for official publications, they appear in Acta Apostolicae Sedis. L'Osservatore Romano is published daily, in Italian. There are also weekly or monthly editions in many other languages.


title: Mirrors (song)

paragraphs: "Mirrors" is a 2013 song by American singer Justin Timberlake. The song is on his third studio album "The 20/20 Experience". "Mirrors" was released 11 February 2013.


title: Galactic Centre

paragraphs: The Galactic Centre (or Galactic Center) is the rotational center of the Milky Way galaxy.

paragraphs: It is a supermassive black hole of 4.100 ± 0.034 million solar masses. It powers the compact radio source Sagittarius A*.

paragraphs: It is away from Earth in the direction of the constellations Sagittarius, Ophiuchus, and Scorpius where the Milky Way appears brightest.


title: Enterococcus

paragraphs: Enterococcus is a genus of lactic acid bacteria of the phylum Firmicutes.

paragraphs: Enterococci are Gram-positive cocci that often occur in pairs or short chains. They look like streptococci. Two species are regular gut flora organisms in the intestines of humans: "E. faecalis" (90-95%) and "E. faecium" (5-10%).

paragraphs: Enterococci are "facultative anaerobic organisms". This means they can live in both oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor environments.

paragraphs: Members of the genus "Enterococcus" were classified as Group D "Streptococcus" until 1984. Genomic DNA analysis showed they were a separate genus.

paragraphs: Important infections caused by "Enterococcus" include urinary tract infections, bacterial endocarditis, diverticulitis, and meningitis.

paragraphs: Sensitive strains of these bacteria can be treated with ampicillin, penicillin and vancomycin. Urinary tract infections can be treated by antibiotics, but many virulent strains of "Enterococcus" are resistant. From a medical standpoint, an important feature of this genus is the high level of antibiotic resistance. This rules out some important antibiotics.


title: Mycoplasma

paragraphs: Mycoplasma is a genus of bacteria. They do not have a cell wall around their cell membrane.

paragraphs: They are gram-negative, and need sterols such as cholesterol for growth. Many common antibiotics such as penicillin that target cell walls do not affect mycoplasma. "Mycoplasma" are the smallest bacterial cells yet discovered. They are typically about 0.1  µm in diameter.

paragraphs: Many species are parasitic, pathogenic or saprophytic, and can survive without oxygen. In humans, "M. genitalium" causes urethritis, and "M. pneumoniae" is a common cause of pneumonia.


title: Micropaleontology

paragraphs: Micropaleontology (also sometimes spelled as micropalaeontology) is the branch of paleontology that studies microfossils. Microfossils are fossils generally not larger than four millimeters, and commonly smaller than one millimeter. A microscope is used to study them. Every kingdom of organisms is represented in the microfossil record. Microfossils can provide important information about the ecology in the past.

paragraphs: People who study micropaleontology are called micropaleontologists. Taxonomy and statistics are important parts of micropaleontology.

paragraphs: Microfossils are most common in sediment that forms beneath water, particularly ocean water or lake water. Very old microfossils may be found in rock. Special techniques are used to separate microfossils from rock. For example, the shells of diatoms and some other organisms are made of silica; other materials in the rock can sometimes be removed with acid, leaving just the silica shells.

paragraphs: Micropaleontology can be divided into four areas of study. The different areas of study use different techniques to separate the microfossils. This is because the microfossils are made of different minerals:

paragraphs: The area of study for pollen and spores, including fossils, is called palynology.


title: Palynology

paragraphs: Palynology is the study of very small natural particles. The word literally means the "study of dust". A palynologist is someone whose job is to identify what the particles are. Samples of particles can come from the air or water or soil or rocks. They could be organic and inorganic. Micropaleontology is a related area of study; it involves very small fossils.

paragraphs: A palynologist uses a microscope. They may also use chemical tests to find out what a particle is made of.

paragraphs: The methods used to study fossils in micropaleontology and in palynology are often different. Micropaleontology often involves breaking and dissolving rocks. Palynology often involves soil or sediment.

paragraphs: The main work of a palynologist is to identify each particle. Many different kinds of particles might be in the same sample. They may include:

paragraphs: When the palynologist knows what particles are present in a sample, they may be able to say what the temperature or environmental chemistry was like where the sample came from. They may also be able to say where the sample came from.

paragraphs: Palynology is used in forensic science to learn where something came from, by looking at the particles in or on it.

paragraphs: Palynology is also very important in the study of climate history. In bodies of water such as lakes, ponds, and the ocean, sediment builds up slowly, so that the oldest sediment is at the bottom. There are ways to take a sample of the sediment that doesn't disturb the layers (either using a tube, or by freezing).

paragraphs: In glacial lakes, the sediment may have varves, which are two layers per year that are different colours. If there are varves, a lot of detailed information can be discovered in a core sample.