title: Yellow hypergiant

paragraphs: A yellow hypergiant is a huge hypergiant star. It starts off a mass of about 20–60 solar masses, but it soon loses about half that mass (because they are very unstable). It has a spectral class from A to K.

paragraphs: They are amongst the most luminous stars, with absolute magnitude (M) around −9. They are very rare: only 15 are known in the Milky Way and six of those are in a single cluster.

paragraphs: They are sometimes referred to as 'cool hypergiants' in comparison to O- and B-type stars, and sometimes as 'warm hypergiants' in comparison to red supergiants. Yellow hypergiants have evolved off the main sequence and have little hydrogen left in their centres.


title: Gnat

paragraphs: A gnat is any tiny fly in the suborder Nematocera.

paragraphs: "Gnat" is a loose descriptive category rather than a technical term. They can be both biting and non-biting. The biting ones are often called midges. Often they fly in large numbers, called clouds, in damp places like the Scottish Highlands.

paragraphs: One interesting group are the eye-gnats. the Smithsonian Institution describes them as “non-biting flies, no bigger than a few grains of salt, ... attracted to fluids secreted by your eyes”.


title: Rosie and Jim

paragraphs: Rosie and Jim (sometimes written as Rosie & Jim) is a British children's television programme produced by Ragdoll Productions. It was aired on ITV from 3 September 1990 to 10 March 2000, and on PBS from 5 September 1992 to 31 March 2001. The programme continued to be intermittently repeated on CITV until August 2004. Rosie and Jim are two rag dolls who live aboard a narrowboat called the Ragdoll, which is from Birmingham. They have a concertina. They come alive, when no one is looking, to explore the world that they pass by on the canal. They learn to experience things by following the Ragdoll's owner on adventures and secretly join in with them. Usually, they end up causing trouble but they never get caught because no one ever sees them.


title: Tugboat

paragraphs: A tugboat or towboat is a type of boat that maneuvers other vessels by pushing or pulling them. This is done either by direct contact or by means of a tow line. Tugboats typically move vessels that are restricted in their ability to maneuver on their own, such as ships in a crowded harbor or a narrow canal, Also, vessels that cannot move by themselves, such as barges, disabled ships, log rafts, or oil platforms.


title: CLS Group

paragraphs: CLS (originally Continuous Linked Settlement) is a specialist US financial institution that provides settlement services to its members in the foreign exchange market (FX). Although the forex market is decentralised and has no central exchange or clearing facility, firms that chose to use CLS to settle their FX transactions can mitigate the settlement risk associated with their trades.

paragraphs: CLS does this through the operation of a payment versus payment (PvP) settlement service which mitigates settlement risk for the FX transactions of its settlement members and their customers (third parties).

paragraphs: The service started operating in 2002 as an Edge Act Corporation, a limited purpose bank regulated by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.

paragraphs: Since it began operations in 2002, CLS has rapidly become the market-standard for foreign exchange settlement. As a result, the Financial Stability Oversight Council (FSOC) officially designated CLS a Systemically Important Financial Market Utility in July 2012.

paragraphs: The single day record for gross-value settlement, set on 19 March 2008, stands at US$10.3 trillion, for 1,113,464 payment instructions. The single day record for gross-volume settlement, set on 28 May 2013, is 1,992,652.

paragraphs: In 2002 CLS was launched with 39 Members and seven currencies. As of November 2015 CLS settles 18 Currencies, has 74 Shareholders, 64 Settlement Members and over 9,000 active Third Party participants.


title: Clearing House Association

paragraphs: The Clearing House Association, L.L.C. is a New York-headquartered trade group and the nation's first and oldest banking association representing some of the world's largest commercial banks. It is a nonpartisan organization that advocates on regulatory, legislative, and legal public policy issues on behalf of its owner banks before policymakers, courts of law, and standards setters around the globe.

paragraphs: The Clearing House seeks a level playing field among similarly situated market participants, in which a legal and regulatory framework promotes systemic stability, economic growth, and a safe and sound banking system. Unique among trades for its sole focus on large-scale commercial banking and payments issues, the Association and its Owner Banks form strong consensus positions on issues vital to the banking industry that are technically detailed and research- and data-driven.


title: Rag doll

paragraphs: A rag doll is a children's toy. It is a cloth figure of a doll. They are traditionally home-made from (and stuffed with) spare scraps of material. They are one of the oldest children's toys in existence. Today, many rag dolls are commercially produced to look like the original home-made dolls. These dolls usually have simple features, soft cloth bodies, and patchwork clothing.


title: Milow, Germany

paragraphs: Milow is a municipality in the Ludwigslust-Parchim district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.


Miles City


title: Miles City, Florida

paragraphs: Miles City is an unincorporated community in Collier County, Florida, United States.


title: Gianfranco Petris

paragraphs: Gianfranco Petris (30 August 1936 – 1 July 2018) was an Italian football player. He was born in Budoia, Italy.

paragraphs: Petris played for Treviso, Triestina, Fiorentina, Lazio and Polisportiva Trani.

paragraphs: He made his debut for Italy in 1958 and earned 4 caps, scoring 1 goal.

paragraphs: Petris died on 1 July 2018 in Trepalle, Italy at the age of 81.


title: Firuz Mustafayev

paragraphs: Firuz Mustafayev Rajab oglu (; 18 October 1933 – 7 July 2018), also spelled as Feyruz Mustafayev was an Azerbaijani politician. He was born in Baku. Mustafayev served as acting Prime Minister of Azerbaijan. His terms lasted from April 7 to May 18, when he was replaced by Rahim Huseynov.

paragraphs: Mustafayev died on 7 July 2018 at the age of 84.


title: Tab Hunter

paragraphs: Tab Hunter (born Arthur Andrew Kelm; July 11, 1931 – July 8, 2018) was an American actor, pop singer, movie producer, and author. He starred in more than 40 movies. He was born in New York City. Hunter was known for her roles in "Damn Yankees", "Sweet Kill", and "Grease 2". His famous song was "Young Love".

paragraphs: Hunter was gay. From 1983 to 2018, Hunter was in a partnership with Allan Glaser.

paragraphs: Hunter died on July 8, 2018 from cardiac arrest complicated by thrombosis in Santa Barbara, California, aged 86.


title: Oliver Knussen

paragraphs: Stuart Oliver Knussen CBE (12 June 1952 – 8 July 2018) was a Scottish composer and conductor. He was born in Glasgow. He was awarded CBE in the 1994 Birthday Honours.

paragraphs: Knussen was principal guest conductor of The Hague's Het Residentie Orkest (Residentie Orchestra) between 1992 and 1996, the Aldeburgh Festival's co-artistic director between 1983 and 1998 and the London Sinfonietta's music director between 1998 and 2002 – and became that ensemble's conductor laureate.

paragraphs: In 2005 Knussen was the music director of the Ojai Music Festival.

paragraphs: Knussen died on 8 July 2018 in Snape, Suffolk, aged 66.


title: Hans Günter Winkler

paragraphs: Hans Günter Winkler (24 July 1926 – 9 July 2018) was a German show jumping rider. He was born in Barmen, today part of Wuppertal, North Rhine-Westphalia. He won four Olympic gold medals: two in 1956, one in 1960, and one in 1964.

paragraphs: Winkler died on 9 July 2018 in Warendorf, North Rhine-Westphalia from cardiac arrest at the age of 91.


title: Ed Westwick

paragraphs: Edward Jack Peter Westwick (born 27 June 1987) is an English actor and musician. He is best known for his role as Chuck Bass on The CW's teen television drama series "Gossip Girl" (2007–2012).

paragraphs: In November 2017, two women accused Westwick of raping them and another accused him of sexually assaulting her. The Los Angeles Police Department investigated the allegations.


title: Baar-Ebenhausen

paragraphs: Baar-Ebenhausen is a municipality of the district of Pfaffenhofen in Bavaria in Germany.


title: Raymond Kethledge

paragraphs: Raymond Michael Kethledge (born December 11, 1966) is an American judge. He is the United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. He is a former law clerk for Associate Justice Anthony Kennedy of the Supreme Court of the United States.

paragraphs: Kethledge is on President Donald Trump's list of potential Supreme Court justices.


title: Willa Holland

paragraphs: Willa Joanna Chance Holland (born June 18, 1991) is an American actress and model. She is known for her roles as Kaitlin Cooper Nichol in the Fox teen drama "The O.C.", Agnes Andrews in The CW series "Gossip Girl", Aqua in "Kingdom Hearts", and Thea Queen / Speedy in "Arrow".


title: Baar, Swabia

paragraphs: Baar is a municipality in Aichach-Friedberg district, in Bavaria, southern Germany. The mayor is Leonhard Kandler.


title: Lena Headey

paragraphs: Lena Kathren Headey ( ; born 3 October 1973) is an English actress. She starred in the Home Box Office television series "Game of Thrones".


title: Ian McElhinney

paragraphs: Ian McElhinney (born 19 August 1948) is a Northern Irish actor and director. He has appeared in many television series. He is known for his role as Barristan Selmy in "Game of Thrones", and as General Dodonna in "Rogue One".


title: Liam Cunningham

paragraphs: Liam Cunningham (born 2 June 1961) is an Irish stage and screen actor. He is known for playing Davos Seaworth in the HBO epic-fantasy series "Game of Thrones".


title: Linth

paragraphs: The Linth (pronounced "lint") is a Swiss river that starts near the village of Linthal in the mountains of the canton of Glarus, and flows into the Obersee section of Lake Zurich. It is about long.

paragraphs: The textile industry of the canton of Glarus he started because it could use the water power of the Linth. Today, the river drives the Linth–Limmern power stations in its upper reaches.

paragraphs: The river and its upper valley are the boundary between the mountain ranges of the Glarus Alps, to its east and south, and the Schwyzer Alps, to its west.


title: Financial Stability Board

paragraphs: The Financial Stability Board (FSB) is an international body that monitors and makes recommendations about the global financial system. It was established after the G20 London summit in April 2009 as a successor to the Financial Stability Forum (FSF). The Board includes all G20 major economies, FSF members, and the European Commission. Hosted and funded by the Bank for International Settlements, the board is based in London, United Kingdom.

paragraphs: The Financial Stability Board (FSB) is an international organisation in the financial sector. It monitors the global funancial system, and make recommendation on how it can be improved. It was established at the G20 summit in London, in April 2009. The idea at the summit was to improve a solution that existed already, the Financial Stability Forum (FSF).  The Financial Stability board is organised as an association: All G20 states, all participants of the FSF and the European Commission are members of this association. The board is hosted and funded by the Bank for International Settlements in Basel, Switzerland.


title: Bruce Hunter (swimmer)

paragraphs: Richard Bruce Hunter (July 6, 1939 – July 6, 2018) was an American competition swimmer. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He represented the United States at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome. Hunter swam in the men's 100-meter freestyle, advanced to the finals, and finished fourth overall with a time of 55.6 seconds.

paragraphs: Hunter died on his 79th birthday on July 6, 2018 in Boston.


title: Erica Yohn

paragraphs: Erica Yohn (October 1, 1928 – January 27, 2019) was an American actress.

paragraphs: Yohn had many small parts in movies, such as "Pee-wee's Big Adventure", and television shows, such as "Rhoda", "ER", "Murphy Brown", "Quantum Leap" and "Kojak".

paragraphs: She had recurring roles on "The Famous Teddy Z", "State of Grace", "Beverly Hills, 90210", and "Picket Fences". She voiced Fievel and Tanya Mousekewitz's mother in "An American Tail" and its sequels.

paragraphs: Yohn died on January 27, 2019 in North Hollywood, California at the age of 90.

paragraphs: Yohn was married to actor Tom Rosqui, who died in 1991, aged 62, from cancer.


title: 2017 New Zealand general election

paragraphs: The 2017 New Zealand general election took place on Saturday 23 September 2017 to elect the membership of the 52nd New Zealand Parliament along with the Prime Minister of New Zealand. The last parliament was elected on 20 September 2014 and officially ended on 22 August 2017.

paragraphs: Jacinda Ardern became New Zealand's third female Prime Minister, and Winston Peters again became Deputy Prime Minister, a role he had first held in 1996–98. This ended nine years under the National Party Government. Ardern became Prime Minister after the Labour Party agreed to create a coalition with Peters's New Zealand First party, thus making him Deputy Prime Minister. Their shared votes were larger than that of English, thus defeating him.

paragraphs: Voters elected 120 members to the House of Representatives under New Zealand's mixed-member proportional (MMP) voting system, a system in which 71 members were elected from single-member electorates and 49 members were elected from closed party lists.

paragraphs: Around 3.57 million people were registered to vote in the election, with 2.63 million (79.8%) turning out. Advance voting proved popular, with 1.24 million votes cast before election day, more than the previous two elections combined.

paragraphs: The centre-right National Party, led by Prime Minister Bill English, had governed since 2008 in a minority government. It was the first election for English as incumbent Prime Minister, having replaced John Key on 12 December 2016 and the first since 1975 where both major parties had leadership changes. The main opposition parties to the National government were Labour (the official opposition), led by Jacinda Ardern, the Green Party, and New Zealand First.


title: Winston Peters

paragraphs: Winston Raymond Peters (born 11 April 1945) is a New Zealand politician. He is the Deputy Prime Minister of New Zealand and Minister of Foreign Affairs since [2017. He served as Deputy Prime Minister from 1996 to 1998. He serves under a coalition government alongside Jacinda Ardern upon the 2017 election.

paragraphs: Peters led the populist New Zealand First party since 1993. He has been a Member of Parliament since 2011, having served from 1979 to 1981 and 1984 to 2008.


title: James Shaw

paragraphs: James Peter Edward Shaw (born 6 May 1973) is a New Zealand politician. He is the leader of the Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand. In October 2017 he became the Minister outside Cabinet for Statistics and Climate Change Issues. Following Metiria Turei's resignation in August 2017, Shaw became the Green Party's only leader for the 2017 general election.


title: David Seymour

paragraphs: David Breen Seymour (born 24 June 1983) is a New Zealand politician. He is the Epsom electorate MP, and leader of ACT New Zealand. Seymour worked in public policy in Canada.

paragraphs: In November 2015, Seymour was named the Trans Tasman 2015 Politician Of The Year.

paragraphs: Seymour appeared on the seventh series of Dancing with the Stars.


title: Marama Fox

paragraphs: Marama Kahu Fox is a New Zealand politician. She was elected to the New Zealand parliament at the 2014 general election as a representative of the Māori Party.

paragraphs: Following her election to parliament, she was named Māori Party co-leader alongside Te Ururoa Flavell, replacing party founder Tariana Turia.

paragraphs: In the 2017 general election, Fox lost her seat and her party won no seats in the election.


title: 2020 New Zealand general election

paragraphs: The 2020 New Zealand general election was held after the currently elected 52nd New Zealand Parliament is dissolved or expires. Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern announced the election date as Saturday 17 October 2020.

paragraphs: In the last election, Labour Party, led by Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern, formed a minority coalition government with the New Zealand First party.

paragraphs: Incumbent Prime Minister Ardern was re-elected with a Labour landslide victory.

paragraphs: Electorate boundaries for the next election are due to be redrawn in 2019, after the 2018 census and Māori electoral option. This means that unless a snap election is called before 2019, the next general election will be the first to use boundaries based on the 2018 census.


title: Simon Bridges

paragraphs: Simon Joseph Bridges (born October 1976) is a New Zealand politician and lawyer. He was the Leader of the New Zealand National Party and Leader of the Opposition from 27 February 2018 to 22 May 2020. He has been the Member of Parliament for Tauranga since 2008.

paragraphs: Bridges has served in several Cabinet portfolios, including Minister of Transport (2014–2017), Minister of Economic Development (2016–2017) and Leader of the House (2017).

paragraphs: He is the first person with Māori ancestry to serve as leader of the National Party, and the first to lead a major party in New Zealand.

paragraphs: On 22 May 2020, following poor polling for the party, Bridges was challenged for the party leadership and replaced by Todd Muller. He would go onto retiring from the leadership of the party less than two months later.


title: 1994 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak

paragraphs: The 1994 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak happened on Palm Sunday, March 27, 1994. This was the third tornado outbreak in the United States to happen on a Palm Sunday. 40 people were killed in this outbreak, and 491 were injured.

paragraphs: The Storm Prediction Center issued a warning on March 26 saying the risk of severe thunderstorms and tornadoes from the Southeast to the Mid-Atlantic.

paragraphs: On the morning of March 27, a moderate risk was given for Alabama. By 9:00 a.m., thunderstorms began to develop. At 9:18 a.m., a tornado watch was issued for eastern Mississippi and northern Alabama. Tornado warnings were issued at 11:00 a.m. CST. At 11:39 a.m., a tornado struck the Goshen United Methodist Church in Piedmont, Alabama, killing 22 people, including the groom's 4-year-old daughter.

paragraphs: At noon EST, a PDS tornado watch was announced for northern Georgia. Severe thunderstorms and tornadoes entered Georgia by 12:42 p.m. EST and continued throughout the afternoon. The Storm Prediction Center announced a tornado watch for eastern Louisiana and central Mississippi. However, no tornadoes touched down on March 27. A tornado watch was also announced in the Carolinas. Tornadoes hit this area through the afternoon, including an F3 in Georgia and South Carolina, injuring 12. Another tornado injured 13 in North and South Carolina.

paragraphs: Tornadoes continued to hit Alabama between 4:00 and 5:30 p.m. CST, damaging a high school. A funnel cloud was seen at 6:00 p.m. CST. The storm had winds up to 60 mph.

paragraphs: The final tornado struck Greenville County, South Carolina at midnight on March 28. The NWS offices in Birmingham, Atlanta, and Athens did not stop issuing warnings until early in the morning on March 28.


title: Rab Butler

paragraphs: Richard Austen Butler, Baron Butler of Saffron Walden KG CH PC DL (9 December 1902 – 8 March 1982), also known as R.A. Butler or by his initials as "Rab" Butler, was a Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom in 1962 to 1963 for one year.

paragraphs: Butler died of colon cancer on 8 March 1982 at Great Yeldham, Essex.


title: 2016 Australian federal election

paragraphs: The 2016 Australian federal election was an election held on Saturday 2 July to elect all 226 members of the 45th Parliament of Australia. It lasted eight weeks. It was the first under a new voting system for the Senate that replaced group voting tickets with optional preferential voting. Incumbent Malcolm Turnbull was narrowly re-elected by forming a coalition government with other smaller parties.

paragraphs: After a week of vote counting, no party had won enough seats in the House of Representatives to form a majority government. Neither the Liberal/National Coalition's incumbent Turnbull Government nor the Australian Labor Party's Shorten Opposition were in a position to claim victory. Turnbull talked with the crossbench. He won a confidence and supply support from Bob Katter, Andrew Wilkie and Cathy McGowan in the event of a hung parliament and resulting minority government. On 10 July, Shorten conceded defeat. Turnbull claimed victory later that day.

paragraphs: The election is the closest federal majority result since 1961, the ABC declared on 11 July that the Coalition could form a one-seat majority government.


title: Richard Di Natale

paragraphs: Richard Luigi Di Natale (born 6 June 1970) is an Australian politician. He has been a senator for Victoria since 2011. He also served as the leader of the Australian Greens from 2015 to 2020. Di Natale was elected to the national Senate in the 2010 federal election. He was the lead Greens Senate candidate in Victoria in the 2007 federal election but failed to win a seat.

paragraphs: Di Natale became federal parliamentary leader of the Australian Greens on 6 May 2015 following the resignation of Christine Milne. Di Natale led the Greens at the 2 July 2016 federal election.


title: Nick Xenophon

paragraphs: Nicholas Xenophon (né Xenophou; 29 January 1959) is an Australian politician. He was a Senator for South Australia from 2008 to 2017. He was the leader of two political parties: Nick Xenophon Team federally, and Nick Xenophon's SA-BEST in South Australia.

paragraphs: In October 2017, Xenophon resigned from the Australian Senate to contest a seat in the House of Assembly at the 2018 South Australian state election.

paragraphs: From 1997 to 2007, he was a member of the South Australian Legislative Council, serving as an independent. When the Nick Xenophon Team changed its name to Centre Alliance, Xenophon himself stopped to be directly involved with the party.


title: 2019 Australian federal election

paragraphs: The 2019 Australian federal election elected members of the 46th Parliament of Australia on 18 May 2019. The election was called following the end or expiry of the 45th Parliament as elected at the 2016 double dissolution federal election.

paragraphs: Prime Minister Scott Morrison and his Coalition Party won the election winning 78 seats over the Labor's 67 seats.


title: Abiy Ahmed

paragraphs: Abiy Ahmed Ali (; born 15 August 1976) is an Ethiopian politician. He was appointed as 12th Prime Minister of Ethiopia on 2 April 2018. He is chairman of both the ruling EPRDF (Ethiopian Peoples’ Revolutionary Democratic Front) and the OPDO (Oromo Peoples' Democratic Organization).

paragraphs: Ahmed was awarded the 2019 Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to end border conflict between Ethiopia and Eritrea.


title: Time in Estonia

paragraphs: Estonia uses Eastern European Time (EET) (UTC+02:00) during winter, and Eastern European Summer Time (EEST) (UTC+03:00) during summer. Estonia has observed daylight saving time since 1981 when it was part of the Soviet Union. However, it wasn't used in 1989-1996 and 2000-2001.


title: President of Ethiopia

paragraphs: The President of Ethiopia, officially the President of the Federal Republic of Ethiopia is the head of state of Ethiopia. The position is largely a ceremonial one. The executive power is exercised by the Prime Minister of Ethiopia. The current president is Sahle-Work Zewde, who took office on 25 October 2018.

paragraphs: Presidents are elected by the House of Peoples' Representatives for six years, with a two-term limit.


title: Rahim Huseynov

paragraphs: Rahim Huseynov Alihuseyn oglu (), (born 5 April 1936) is an Azerbaijani politician. He was the 3rd Prime Minister of Azerbaijan.


title: Dan Burton

paragraphs: Danny Lee Burton (born June 21, 1938) is an American politician. Burton is the former U.S. Representative for . He represented the , serving from 1983 until 2013. He is a member of the Republican Party and the Tea Party Caucus.


title: BR standard class 5

paragraphs: The BR standard class 5 4-6-0 was one of the 12 standard classes of steam locomotive built by British Railways in the 1950s. It was essentially a development of the LMS Stanier Class 5 4-6-0. 172 were built between 1951 and 1957 and they were numbered 73000–73171. Five locomotives have been preserved.


Southern Railway


title: Quantitative analysis (chemistry)

paragraphs: In analytical chemistry, quantitative analysis is the determination of the absolute or relative abundance (often expressed as a concentration) of one, several or all particular substance(s) present in a sample.


title: Colorimetric analysis

paragraphs: Colorimetric analysis is a method of determining the concentration of a chemical element or chemical compound in a solution with the aid of a color reagent. It is applicable to both organic compounds and inorganic compounds and may be used with or without an enzymatic stage. The method is widely used in medical laboratories and for industrial purposes, e.g. the analysis of water samples in connection with industrial water treatment. The equipment required is a colorimeter, some cuvettes and a suitable color reagent. The process may be automated, e.g. by the use of an AutoAnalyzer or by Flow injection analysis.


title: Optical filter

paragraphs: An optical filter is a device that selectively transmits light of different wavelengths. It is usually made of coloured glass or plastic. Optical filters are commonly used in optical instruments (such as colorimeters), as photographic filters and to colour stage lighting.


title: Romford–Upminster line

paragraphs: The Romford–Upminster line is a railway branch line in Greater London. It connects , on the Great Eastern Main Line, to Upminster, on the London, Tilbury and Southend Line and London Underground. The route is long and there is one intermediate station at Emerson Park. The line is single-track throughout and is electrified at 25 kV AC. The speed limit is .

paragraphs: As of May 2015 services are operated by London Overground. There are two trains per hour in each direction. The timetabled journey time from one terminus to the other is nine minutes. It is completely separated from the rest of the London Overground.


title: Secretary General of NATO

paragraphs: The Secretary General of NATO () is an international diplomat who serves as the chief civil servant of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).

paragraphs: The Secretary General is responsible for coordinating the workings of the alliance, leading NATO's international staff, chairing the meetings of the North Atlantic Council and most major committees of the alliance, with the notable exception of the NATO Military Committee, and acting as NATO's spokesperson.

paragraphs: The current Secretary General is Jens Stoltenberg, the former Prime Minister of Norway, who took office on 1 October 2014.


title: Hastings Ismay, 1st Baron Ismay

paragraphs: Hastings Lionel Ismay, 1st Baron Ismay (21 June 1887 – 17 December 1965), nicknamed Pug, was a British Indian Army officer and diplomat.

paragraphs: He was Winston Churchill's chief military assistant during the Second World War and he was the first Secretary General of NATO from 1952 to 1957. Ismay was the principal link between Churchill and the Chiefs of Staff Committee. Ismay also accompanied Churchill to many of the Allied war conferences.


title: Paul-Henri Spaak

paragraphs: Paul-Henri Charles Spaak (25 January 1899 – 31 July 1972) was a Belgian politician and statesman. He is thought to be as one of the founding fathers of the European Union.

paragraphs: Spaak entered politics in 1932 for the Belgian Workers' Party (later the Belgian Socialist Party). He became Prime Minister of Belgium in 1938 and held the position until 1939. During World War II, he served as Foreign Minister in the Belgian government in exile under Hubert Pierlot. After the war, he twice served the position of Prime Minister, first for under a month in March 1946 and again between 1947 and 1949.

paragraphs: Spaak was Belgium's Foreign Minister for 18 years between 1939 and 1966.

paragraphs: In 1945, he was chosen to chair the first session of the General Assembly of the new United Nations. He served as the first President of the Consultative Assembly of the Council of Europe between 1949 and 1950 and became the first President of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) between 1952 and 1954.

paragraphs: Between 1957 and 1961, he served as the second Secretary-General of NATO.


title: Dirk Stikker

paragraphs: Dirk Uipko Stikker, (5 February 1897 – 23 December 1979) was a Dutch banker, industrialist, politician, and diplomat.

paragraphs: In 1945, he was among the organizers of the Stichting van de Arbeid (Dutch Labour Foundation), thus helping to lay the foundation of post-war collective bargaining in the Netherlands.

paragraphs: Stikker served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1948 to 1952 and as the third Secretary General of NATO from 1961 to 1964.

paragraphs: In 1964, Stikker was awarded an honorary doctorate by Brown University. He died in Wassenaar in 1979, aged 82.


title: Manlio Brosio

paragraphs: Manlio Giovanni Brosio (July 10, 1897 – March 14, 1980) was an Italian lawyer, diplomat, politician and the fourth Secretary General of NATO between 1964 and 1971.

paragraphs: In January 1947, Brosio became the Italian ambassador to Soviet Union and got involved with the peace treaty negotiations between the countries. In 1952 he became ambassador to the UK, to the USA in 1955 and from 1961–1964 to France.

paragraphs: On May 12, 1964 the NATO council chose Brosio to replae Dirk Stikker as a secretary general. He resigned September 3, 1971. On September 29, 1971, U.S. President Richard Nixon awarded him the Presidential Medal of Freedom.


title: Joseph Luns

paragraphs: Joseph Marie Antoine Hubert Luns (28 August 1911 – 17 July 2002) was a Dutch politician and diplomat.

paragraphs: Luns was one of the most popular Dutch politicians of the time. He served a total of eight cabinets and stayed in office nineteen years, becoming the longest-serving Dutch Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2 September 1952 until 6 July 1971. He retired from Dutch politics and became the 5th (and also longest-serving) Secretary General of NATO for 13 years from 1 October 1971 until 25 June 1984.


title: Manfred Wörner

paragraphs: Manfred Hermann Wörner (24 September 1934 in Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt – 13 August 1994 in Brussels) was a German politician and diplomat. He served as the Defense Minister of West Germany between 1982 and 1988.

paragraphs: He then served as the seventh Secretary General of NATO from 1988 to 1994. His term as Secretary General oversaw the end of the Cold War and the German reunification. He was diagnosed with colorectal cancer, but continued to serve until his death.


title: Willy Claes

paragraphs: Willem Werner Hubert "Willy" Claes (; born 24 November 1938) is a Belgian politician. He served as the eighth Secretary General of NATO, from 1994 to 1995. Claes was a member of the Flemish Socialist Party.


title: George Robertson, Baron Robertson of Port Ellen

paragraphs: George Islay MacNeill Robertson, Baron Robertson of Port Ellen (born 12 April 1946) is a Scottish politician. He is a member of the Labour Party. He served as the 10th Secretary General of NATO from 1999 to 2004. He served as Secretary of State for Defence from 1997 to 1999, before becoming a life peer as Baron Robertson of Port Ellen, of Islay in Argyll and Bute.


title: Alessandro Minuto-Rizzo

paragraphs: Alessandro Minuto-Rizzo (born 10 September 1940) is an Italian diplomat. He served as Deputy Secretary General of NATO from 2001 to 2007 and as acting Secretary General of NATO from 17 December 2003 to 1 January 2004. He served as ambassador of Italy to the Western European Union and to the Committee for Policy and Security of the European Union. He is member of the Italy-USA Foundation.


title: Jaap de Hoop Scheffer

paragraphs: Jakob Gijsbert "Jaap" de Hoop Scheffer (; born 3 April 1948) is a retired Dutch politician and diplomat. He is a member of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA). He served as the 11th Secretary General of NATO from 5 January 2004 until 1 August 2009.


title: Gospel Oak to Barking line

paragraphs: The Gospel Oak to Barking line (sometimes unofficially called the GOBLIN) is part of the Network Rail system. It is long from one terminus to the other. It carries both through goods trains and London Overground passenger trains, connecting Gospel Oak station in north London and Barking station in east London. The line is part of Network Rail Strategic Route 6, and is classified as a London and South East Commuter line. For much of its existence the line has played a minor role in London's transport system. It is now receiving significant investment to increase its capacity. This will include full 25 kV AC overhead electrification which is due to be completed in 2018.


title: Anders Fogh Rasmussen

paragraphs: Anders Fogh Rasmussen (; born 26 January 1953) is a Danish politician. He was the 24th Prime Minister of Denmark from November 2001 to April 2009 and the 12th Secretary General of NATO from August 2009 to October 2014.

paragraphs: Rasmussen is now CEO of Rasmussen Global and a Senior Advisor at The Boston Consulting Group's Copenhagen office.


title: Prime Minister of Denmark

paragraphs: The Prime Minister of Denmark (; literally "Minister of the State") is the head of government of the Kingdom of Denmark. The Constitution of 1849 established a constitutional monarchy by limiting the powers of the Monarch and creating the office of the Prime Minister. The inaugural holder of the office was Adam Wilhelm Moltke.

paragraphs: The appointment of the Prime Minister is determined by their support in the Folketing (The National Parliament).

paragraphs: The current Prime Minister of Denmark is Lars Løkke Rasmussen.


title: Poul Nyrup Rasmussen

paragraphs: Poul Oluf Nyrup Rasmussen (, informally Poul Nyrup, born 15 June 1943) is a Danish politician. He was the Prime Minister of Denmark from 25 January 1993 to 27 November 2001 and President of the Party of European Socialists (PES) from 2004 to 2011. He was the leader of the governing Social Democrats from 1992 to 2002. He was a member of the European Parliament from 2004 to 2009.


title: North London line

paragraphs: The North London line is a railway line of the London Overground. It passes through the inner suburbs of north London, England. The route is a rough semicircle between the south-west and the north-east, avoiding Central London. The line is owned and maintained by Network Rail and London Overground.

paragraphs: The line began as a part of the North London Railway but there have been many changes. The current route is the result of a series of amalgamations, closures and reopenings. There is a mixture of third rail and overhead line electric power supply. It is an important freight route and is used by the Richmond to Stratford passenger services of the London Overground. It is part of the National Rail network. Between Richmond and Gunnersbury, London Underground's District line shares tracks with London Overground services. This part is also owned and maintained by Network Rail.


title: Jan Henry T. Olsen

paragraphs: Jan Henry Tungeland Olsen (20 August 1956 – 10 July 2018) was a Norwegian politician. He was a member of the Labour Party. He was Minister of Fisheries from 1992 to 1996. He was born in Tromsø, Norway.

paragraphs: Olsen was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease in 2008. He died from the disease under hospice carer in Tromsø on 10 July 2018, aged 61.


title: José María Setién

paragraphs: José María Setién Alberro (18 March 1928 – 10 July 2018) was a Spanish Roman Catholic prelate. He was born in Hernani, Spain. He was auxiliary bishop of San Sebastián between 1972 and 1979, and bishop between 1979 and 2000.

paragraphs: In 2003 he was awarded by the Gold Medal of Guipúzcoa.

paragraphs: Setién died on 10 July 2018 after suffering a stroke in San Sebastián, Spain at aged 90.


title: Darawiish (Dhulbahante state)

paragraphs: The Darawiish (also spelled Daraawiish State) was a Dhulbahante anti-colonial state geographically correlating with Khatumo and the successor state to the Dhulbahante garaadship. It was a Dhulbahante (Si'iid Harti) state which existed from 1896 to 1921. It was ruled by a government called "Xarunta". The supreme commander was Ismail Mire. The head of state was the Sayyid. The Darwiishes began growing in the first Darwiish capital in Dareema Caddo, near Buuhoodle. It ended in the final Darwiish capital in Taleh.

paragraphs: Darwiish may come from "Al Darawish" which means "simple people" in Arabic. It may also come from "dar al wiish" which is Arabic and Balochi for "land of happy people". The Darwiish sometimes referred to their opponents as "kabacad" or "gumeysiraac".

paragraphs: On Mar 3, 1905 the "Mad Mullah" declared himself "Sayyid" of Nogal (other name of the Nugaal valley) in the Khatumo region. His full name was sultan" Mahamad Abdullah Hasan. The territory coincided approximately with the actual Nugaal area in modern Khatumo State. It was ruled like a kind of sultanate in behalf of the Mahdi.

paragraphs: His rule was terminated by Italy in 1911. The Italian victory started on September 3, 1908 when Italian official Di Giorgio conquered Afgoi and the sultan of Ghelédi with his 5000 men surrendered to the Italians (who won an important battle at Araré and Eyl).

paragraphs: During 1910-1914, Sayyid's capital moved from Illig to Taleex in the heart of Nugaal where he built three garrison forts of massive stone work and a number of houses. He built a "luxurious" palace for himself and kept new guards drawn from outcast clans. By 1913, he had dominated the entire hinterland surrounding Khatumo by building forts at Jidali and Ugaadhyahan lands, at Werder in Ali Gheri lands, and Beledweyne in southern Somalia.

paragraphs: After the collapse of Muhammad Abdullah Hassan’s resistance movement, rebellion and revolt occurred with disputes between different tribes in Northern Somalia.

paragraphs: The Italian government of Somalia again worked together with the old tribesmen in order to try and keep peace between the several tribes, while maintaining close control over the military.

paragraphs: Sayyid Mohammed Abdullah Hassan (nicknamed the "Mad Mullah" by the British) escaped from the Khatumo region in 1920 to Imey Ethiopia, where he later died in 1921.

paragraphs: In Downing Street, it was described as a state. Its influence was over the dhulbahante tribe. Unlike the Abyssinians whose preservation in 1906 were supported by Italy, France and Britain, Darawiish became independent by themselves.

paragraphs: Maaraweyn was the army of the Darawiish.

paragraphs: The xarunta had ministers called qusuusi. It also had commanders called muqaddim. The most important people in "Xarunta" were Xayd Aaden Gallaydh, Ismail Mire, the Sayyid, Xirsi Cartan Boos, Xasan Gaagguf, Xirsiwaal Cashuur, Muuse Taagane, Aw Abbas Xuseen, Afqarshe Xassan Ismail, Macalin Cagadhiig, Shire Cumbaal, Faarax Kaligiimaadhle, Faarax Qarshi, and the four Seed Magan brothers (i.e. Obsiiye, Oogle, Jaamac and Aaden).


title: West London line

paragraphs: The West London line is a short railway in West London. It links in the south to Willesden Junction in the north. The line is an important cross-London link especially for freight services. Southern and London Overground provide regular passenger services.


title: May 1989 tornado outbreak

paragraphs: The May 1989 tornado outbreak occurred on May 5, 1989 across Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia.

paragraphs: The first tornadoes touched down between 1:00 and 2:00 p.m. in Georgia. At 2:21 PM, Tornado Watch 183 was issued for northern and central Georgia and the northwest corner of South Carolina. During the mid-afternoon hours, the severe thunderstorms moving northeast spawning tornadoes in South Carolina. The first violent tornado was reported in Spartanburg and Gaffney, South Carolina.

paragraphs: Other F4 tornadoes broke out to the north. At 4:33 PM, Tornado Watch 185 was issued for much of South Carolina and western and central North Carolina. The watch was a PDS. One tornado caused 30 injuries in Belwood, North Carolina before killing four people in the Toluca community. Later, a tonrado hit Winston-Salem, North Carolina. At the same time, weaker tornadoes caused damage in Durham and Granville counties.

paragraphs: The last tornadoes broke out between Richmond and Charlottesville, Virginia.

paragraphs: 7 deaths were reported with at least 168 people injured. Hail was reported in Columbia, South Carolina and Monroe, North Carolina, and severe wind damage was reported from Georgia to Maryland. Damage was seen in every North Carolina county between I-95 and the Blue Ridge Mountains.


title: Watford DC line

paragraphs: The Watford DC line is a commuter railway line from London Euston to Watford Junction in Watford, Hertfordshire. Its services are operated by London Overground.

paragraphs: The line runs beside the West Coast Main Line (WCML) for most of its length. The London Underground Bakerloo line shares the section of the line from Queen's Park to Harrow & Wealdstone. The rolling stock used on the line is Class 378 "Capitalstar".

paragraphs: The "DC" in the title refers to line being electrified using direct current. This was done in the early twentieth century by the London and North Western Railway. By contrast the WCML uses alternating current from overhead lines.


title: East London line

paragraphs: The East London line is part of the London Overground network. It runs from north to south through East London. The railway was built in 1869 by the "East London Railway Company". It reused the Thames Tunnel which was built for horse-drawn carriages. The line became part of the London Underground network in 1933. It closed on 22 December 2007 for refurbishment and expansion. In April 2010, it reopened as part of the London Overground network. Phase 2, which links the line to the South London line with a terminus at , opened on 9 December 2012. This created an orbital railway around inner London.

paragraphs: The orbital railway includes the following routes:


title: South London line

paragraphs: The South London line is an Inner London part of the London Overground rail network. The line is run together with the East London line to provide direct services between and Highbury & Islington. The line is long and there are eight stations. Most of the line is on a high viaduct over other transport infrastructure. There is an interchange with London Underground at . The line is in Travelcard Zone 2.


title: Giuseppe Franco Grillo

paragraphs: Giuseppe Franco Grillo (8 May 1842 – 1 February 1903) was an Italian naturalist. He was a member of the Italian Geographical Society.


title: John Laird, Baron Laird

paragraphs: Professor John Dunn Laird, Baron Laird of Artigarvan (23 April 1944 – 10 July 2018) was a Northern Ireland life peer and former chairman of the cross-border Ulster-Scots Agency. In 2013 Laird allegedly offered to lobby for a firm against parliamentary rules. As a result, he resigned from the Ulster Unionist Party. He was created a life peer on 16 July 1999 as Baron Laird, of Artigarvan in the County of Tyrone.

paragraphs: Laird died on 10 July 2018 in Belfast at the age of 74.


title: President of the European Commission

paragraphs: The President of the European Commission is the head of the European Commission. It is the executive branch of the European Union. The President of the Commission leads a cabinet of Commissioners.

paragraphs: The President of the Commission also represents the EU abroad, together with the President of the European Council and the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy.

paragraphs: The post was established in 1958. Each new President is nominated by the European Council and formally elected by the European Parliament, for a five-year term.

paragraphs: The current President is Ursula von der Leyen, who took office on 1st December 2019. She is a member of the European People's Party (EPP) and is the former minister of defence of Germany.


title: José Manuel Barroso

paragraphs: José Manuel Durão Barroso (; born 23 March 1956) is a Portuguese politician. He is the current non-executive chairman at Goldman Sachs International. He was the 11th President of the European Commission (2004–2014) and the 115th Prime Minister of Portugal (2002–2004).


title: Gaston Thorn

paragraphs: Gaston Egmond Thorn (3 September 192826 August 2007) was a Luxembourg politician. He served as the 20th Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1974–79), President of the United Nations General Assembly (1975), and the seventh President of the European Commission (1981–85).


title: Jean Rey (politician)

paragraphs: Jean Rey (15 July 1902 – 19 May 1983) was a Belgian politician. He served as the 2nd President of the European Commission from 1967 to 1970. He served as European Commissioner for External Relations from 1958 to 1967.


title: Franco Maria Malfatti

paragraphs: Franco Maria Malfatti () (13 June 1927 – 10 December 1991) was an Italian politician. He served as the 3rd President of the European Commission from 1970 to 1972. He served at Italian level as Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1979 to 1980 and Italian Minister of Education from 1973 to 1978.


title: Sicco Mansholt

paragraphs: Sicco Leendert Mansholt (; 13 September 1908 – 29 June 1995) was a Dutch politician. He served as the 4th President of the European Commission from 1972 to 1973.

paragraphs: Mansholt is known as one of the founding fathers of the European Union. He served as European Commissioner for Agriculture from 1958 to 1972, Minister of Agriculture, Fishing and Food Supply from 1945 to 1958, Minister of Economic Affairs in 1948 and Acting Mayor of Wieringermeer in 1945. He was a member of the Member of the House of Representatives on several occasions.


title: François-Xavier Ortoli

paragraphs: François-Xavier Ortoli (16 February 1925 – 30 November 2007) was a French politician. He served as the 5th President of the European Commission from 1973 to 1977. He served as Minister of the Economy of France from 1968 to 1969.


title: Roy Jenkins

paragraphs: Roy Harris Jenkins, Baron Jenkins of Hillhead, (11 November 1920 – 5 January 2003) was a British Labour Party, SDP and Liberal Democrat politician, and biographer of British political leaders.

paragraphs: Jenkins was elected to Parliament as a Labour MP in 1948. He served as Home Secretary from 1965 to 1967 and Chancellor of the Exchequer between 1967 and 1970. He was elected Deputy Leader of the Labour Party on 8 July 1970, but resigned in 1972 because he supported entry to the European Communities, while the party opposed it.

paragraphs: In 1977, he was appointed President of the European Commission, serving until 1981. He was the first British holder of this office, and is likely to be the only such (considering the United Kingdom's decision in June 2016 to leave the European Union).

paragraphs: He was also a known historian, biographer and writer. His "A Life at the Centre" (1991) is thought to be as one of the best autobiographies of the later 20th century, which "will be read with pleasure long after most examples of the genre have been forgotten".


title: Piet Dankert

paragraphs: Pieter "Piet" Dankert (8 January 1934 in Stiens – 21 June 2003 in Perpignan) was a Dutch politician. He was a member of the Labour Party.

paragraphs: From 1968 till 1981 he was a member of the Second Chamber.

paragraphs: In the late 1970s he moved to the European Parliament, and was President of the European Parliament from 19 January 1982 to 24 July 1984.

paragraphs: In the third government of Ruud Lubbers (1989–1994) he was Secretary of State for European matters.

paragraphs: From 1994 till 1999 he was again an MEP.


title: Pierre Pflimlin

paragraphs: Pierre Eugène Jean Pflimlin (; 5 February 1907 – 27 June 2000) was a French Christian democratic politician. He served as the Prime Minister of the Fourth Republic for a few weeks in 1958, before being replaced by Charles de Gaulle during the crisis of that year.


title: Enrique Barón Crespo

paragraphs: Enrique Barόn Crespo (born 27 March 1944 in Madrid) is a Spanish politician, economist, and lawyer. He is a member of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party and was a member of the European Parliament for the Party of European Socialists group until 2009.

paragraphs: After election to the European Parliament he was President of the European Parliament (1989–1992), and was PES Group chairman from 1999 to 2004. He was Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs (1992–1995).


title: Egon Klepsch

paragraphs: Egon Alfred Klepsch (January 30, 1930 – September 18, 2010.) was a German politician (CDU).

paragraphs: In 1979 Klepsch became chairman of the EPP parliamentary group. After he had stood in vain in 1982 for the office of President of the European Parliament, he was elected in 1992. In 1994 he retired from the European Parliament and became an advisor to Deutschen Vermögensberatungs AG.


title: Pat Cox

paragraphs: Patrick Cox (born 28 November 1952) is an Irish politician and former television presenter. He was President of the European Parliament from 2002 to 2004. He served as a member of the European Parliament from 1989 to 2004. Before this Cox was a journalist and presenter with RTÉ's "Today Tonight" and then a Teachta Dála (TD) for Cork South-Central.


title: Josep Borrell

paragraphs: Josep Borrell i Fontelles (born 24 April 1947 in La Pobla de Segur, Lleida) is a Spanish politician. He was President of the European Parliament from 20 July 2004 until 16 January 2007.


title: Hans-Gert Pöttering

paragraphs: Hans-Gert Pöttering (born 15 September 1945) is a German conservative politician (CDU, European People's Party), and was the President of the European Parliament from January 2007 to July 2009.

paragraphs: He has served as a Member of the European Parliament since the first elections in 1979 until 2014 and was Chairman of the European People's Party-European Democrats 1999–2007.

paragraphs: He is a member of the Reconciliation of European Histories Group.


title: Prime Minister of Luxembourg

paragraphs: The Prime Minister of Luxembourg is the head of government in Luxembourg. His official residence and office is in the Hôtel de Bourgogne at 4 rue de la Congrégation in the city of Luxembourg.

paragraphs: Before 1857, the Prime Minister was the "President of the Council". In addition to these titles, the Prime Minister uses the title "Minister of State".

paragraphs: Since the foundation of the party system, only one cabinet (between 1921 and 1925) has not included members of more than one party. Most of the time, governments are grand coalitions of the two largest parties, no matter their ideology; this has made Luxembourg one of the most stable democracies in the world. Two cabinets (between 1945 and 1947) included members of every party represented in the Chamber of Deputies.


title: Prime Minister of Croatia

paragraphs: The Prime Minister of Croatia (), officially the President of the Government of the Republic of Croatia (), is Croatia's head of government, and is the "de facto" the most powerful and influential state officeholder in the Croatian government.

paragraphs: In the formal Croatian order of precedence, however, the position of prime minister is the third highest state office, after the President of the Republic and the Speaker of the Parliament.

paragraphs: The Constitution of Croatia describes the role as the "Parliament supervises the Government" (Article 81) and that "the President of the Republic ensures the regular and balanced functioning and stability of government" (as a whole; Article 94), while the Government is introduced in Article 108.

paragraphs: The current Prime Minister of Croatia is Andrej Plenković.

paragraphs: The Government of Croatia meets in Banski dvori, a historical building located on the west side of St. Mark's Square in Zagreb.

paragraphs: There are eleven living former Heads of government (3 former Presidents of the Executive Council of SR Croatia and 8 former Prime Ministers of Croatia). The last former head of government to die was Hrvoje Šarinić (1992-1993) on 21 July 2017.

paragraphs: Presidents of the Executive Council of the Socialist Republic of Croatia (until 1990):

paragraphs: Prime Ministers of the Republic of Croatia (1990–present):


title: Ema Derossi-Bjelajac

paragraphs: Ema Derossi-Bjelajac (sometimes rendered Derosi-Bjelajac; 3 May 1926 – 20 June 2020) was a Croatian politician. She served as the President of the Presidency of the Socialist Republic of Croatia from 1985 until 1986. She was the first woman to hold a title equivalent to a head of state in modern day Croatia.


title: Stjepan Mesić

paragraphs: Stjepan "Stipe" Mesić (; born 24 December 1934) is a Croatian politician. He served as the President of Croatia from 2000 to 2010. He was the last President of the Presidency of Yugoslavia (1991) and served as Secretary General of the Non-Aligned Movement (1991), as well as Speaker of the Croatian Parliament (1992–1994), a judge in Našice and mayor of his home town of Orahovica.


title: Andrej Plenković

paragraphs: Andrej Plenković (; born 8 April 1970) is a Croatian politician and diplomat. He serves as Prime Minister of Croatia since 19 October 2016. He has been the Chairman of the Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ) since 2016.


title: Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović

paragraphs: Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović (; born 29 April 1968) is a Croatian politician and diplomat. She was the 4th President of Croatia from 2015 to 2020. She is the first woman to be elected to the office. At 46 years of age, she also became the youngest person to assume the presidency.

paragraphs: In 2020, she lost her re-election bid to Zoran Milanović.


title: President of Croatia

paragraphs: The President of Croatia (), officially styled the President of the Republic (), is the head of state, commander in-chief of the military and chief representative of the Republic of Croatia both within the country and abroad.

paragraphs: The President is the holder of the highest office within the Croatia's government however, the president is not the head of the executive branch ("non executive president") as Croatia has a parliamentary system in which the holder of the post of Prime Minister is the most powerful person within the country's constitutional framework and within everyday's politics.


title: Franjo Tuđman

paragraphs: Franjo Tuđman, also written as Franjo Tudjman (; 14 May 1922 – 10 December 1999) was a Croatian politician and historian. He became the first President of Croatia and served as president from 1990 until his death in 1999. He was the 9th and last President of the Presidency of SR Croatia from May to July 1990.


title: Tom Osmond

paragraphs: Thomas Rulon Osmond (born October 26, 1947) is an American musician and activist. He was born in Ogden, Utah. He is known mostly as a non-performing member of the Osmond family. Osmond is the first deaf missionaries from The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

paragraphs: His siblings are Alan, Wayne, Merrill, Jay, Donny, Marie and Jimmy.

paragraphs: Osmond worked for the United States Postal Service for 28 years before retiring in 2014.

paragraphs: On July 7, 2018, Osmond underwent a quadruple bypass surgery, but suffered complications and was placed under life-support.


title: Lea Valley lines

paragraphs: The Lea Valley lines are two commuter lines and two branches in North East London. They run along the valley of the River Lea. They were part of the Great Eastern Railway and they are now part of the "Anglia Route" of Network Rail.

paragraphs: On 31 May 2015, services from London Liverpool Street to Chingford, Cheshunt and Enfield Town were transferred to London Overground. Services between London Liverpool Street and Stratford via Tottenham Hale to Hertford East and Bishops Stortford remain with Greater Anglia.


title: Save the children

paragraphs: The Save the Children Fund, commonly known as Save the Children, is an international NGO that promotes children's rights, provides relief, and helps support children in developing countries.


title: Latrine

paragraphs: A latrine is a toilet or an even simpler facility which is used as a toilet within a system of sanitation. For example, it can be a communal trench in the earth in a camp to be used as emergency sanitation, a hole in the ground (pit latrine), or more advanced designs, including pour-flush systems.


title: Liu Zhenhua

paragraphs: Liu Zhenhua (; July 1921 – 11 July 2018) was a Chinese People's Liberation Army general (shang jiang) and politician. He was born in Tai'an, Shandong Province. He joined the Communist Party of China in 1938.

paragraphs: Liu fought in the Second Sino-Japanese War, Chinese Civil War and Korean War. He was a member of the 9th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and a delegate to the 8th National People's Congress. In 1964, he was promoted to major general. He was Ambassador of China to Albania from 1971 to 1976.

paragraphs: Liu died in Beijing on 11 July 2018 at the age of 97.


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title: James Dyson

paragraphs: Sir James Dyson (born 2 May 1947) is a British inventor, industrial design engineer and founder of the Dyson company. He is best known as the inventor of the Dual Cyclone bagless vacuum cleaner. His net worth is £7.8 billion.

paragraphs: He was the Provost of the Royal College of Art from August 2011 to July 2017.


title: Surrey Quays railway station

paragraphs: Surrey Quays is a station on the East London line branch of the London Overground.

paragraphs: It is located in Rotherhithe, which is part of London Borough of Southwark. It is in Travelcard Zone 2 and the next station to the north is . To the south, the railway splits into two branches. One goes to . The other goes to New Cross, Crystal Palace and West Croydon. The station was closed in late 2007 for refurbishment. It re-opened on 27 April 2010 as part of the London Overground network.


title: Canada Water station

paragraphs: Canada Water is an London Underground and London Overground station located in Rotherhithe, in south-east London, England. It takes its name from Canada Water, a lake which was created from a former dock in the Port of London.

paragraphs: The station is located on the Jubilee line between and Canary Wharf stations and on the London Overground East London line between and stations. It provides an interchange point between the two lines. It is in Travelcard Zone 2.


title: Aspach

paragraphs: Aspach is the name or part of the name of several places:


title: Ellikon

paragraphs: Ellikon may refer to several places in the canton of Zurich, Switzerland:


Hinterrhein


title: Oberblegisee

paragraphs: Oberblegisee is a lake in the canton of Glarus, Switzerland. It is above the municipality of Luchsingen and below the peaks of Glärnisch. The surface area is .


title: Towcester

paragraphs: Towcester, the Roman town of "Lactodorum", is an affluent market town in south Northamptonshire, England.

paragraphs: The town is about southwest of Northampton and about northwest of Milton Keynes, the nearest main towns.

paragraphs: The name comes from the Latin for "Camp on the (river) Tove".

paragraphs: Towcester is famous for its racecourse. Many important national horse racing events are held there. Greyhound racing is also held at the same venue. In 2010 the World Hovercraft Championship was held on the racecourse.

paragraphs: Nearby is the Silverstone motor racing circuit, currently home to the British Grand Prix. In fiction the "Saracen's Head Inn" in Towcester features in Charles Dickens's novel "The Pickwick Papers" as one of Mr Pickwick's stopping places along what is now the A5 trunk road.

paragraphs: Towcester may be the oldest town in Northamptonshire. There are Iron Age finds in the town, so it is one of the oldest continuously inhabited settlements in the country. There is evidence that it was settled by humans since the Mesolithic era (middle stone age). There is also evidence of Iron Age burials in the area.

paragraphs: In Roman Britain, Watling Street, now the A5 road, was built through the area. A garrison town called "Lactodurum" was built. Two candidate sites for the Battle of Watling Street, fought in 61 AD, are close to the town.

paragraphs: When the Romans left in the 5th century, the area was settled by Saxons. In the 9th century, Watling Street became the frontier between the kingdom of Wessex and the Danelaw, so Towcester became a frontier town. Edward the Elder fortified Towcester in 917. In the 11th century, the Normans built a motte and bailey castle on the site. Bury Mount are the remains of the fortification and is a scheduled ancient monument. It was renovated in 2008 with an access ramp added and explanatory plaques added.


title: Sant'Antonino, Haute-Corse

paragraphs: Sant'Antonino () is a commune in the Haute-Corse department of France on the island of Corsica. It is one of Les Plus Beaux Villages de France.


paragraphs: Confederation of Government Employees Association Delhi (CGEAD) is a government employees union recognized by Delhi government that represents employees serving under various departments of Delhi government.

paragraphs: CGEAD was established in the last decade of 20th century as a trades union and was recognized by Delhi government in 2018.

paragraphs: Ajay Veer Yadav serves as the General Secretary of Confederation of Government Employees Association Delhi (CGEAD).


title: Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines

paragraphs: Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines is a commune. It is found in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France. In 2015, 5,136 people lived there.

paragraphs: Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines is in the massif of the Vosges Mountains.

paragraphs: The valley of Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines is called the Val d'Argent. It has five municipalities: Aubure, Lièpvre, Rombach-le-Franc, and Sainte-Croix-aux-Mines.

paragraphs: Adelspach, Altenberg, Bourgonde, Brifosse, Clésio, la Côte d'Échéry, Échéry, Faunoux, Fenarupt, Fertrupt (Fordelbach), Haut de Faîte, la Haute Broque, le Haycot, Hergauchamps, Mongoutte, la Petite Lièpvre (Kleinleberau), le Petit Haut, le Rauenthal (le Fond-nu), Saint-Philippe, Saint-Pierre sur l'Hâte, Surlattes (Zillhardt).

paragraphs: Eddie Slovik, the only U.S. soldier of either World War I or World War II to be executed for desertion, suffered the fate by firing squad near the town on 31 January 1945.


title: Everipedia

paragraphs: Everipedia () is a for-profit, wiki-based online encyclopedia founded in December 2014. The site was launched in 2015 as a fork of Wikipedia. The company is headquartered in Westwood, Los Angeles, California. In 2017, Everipedia was the largest English-language encyclopedia by number of pages.

paragraphs: On December 6, 2017, the company said they were going to start using EOS.IO blockchain technology and work on a cryptocurrency token called IQ to encourage generating information.

paragraphs: Everipedia was co-founded by Sam Kazemian, Theodor Forselius, Travis Moore, Mahbod Moghadam, George Beall, and Christian Deciga. It started as a small project of Sam Kazemian and Theodor Forselius in Kazemian's college dormitory room at UCLA in December 2014. In December 2017, the site announced that co-founder of Wikipedia Larry Sanger had joined as chief information officer. On October 18, 2019, Sanger announced that he had resigned from his position at Everipedia and returned his stock holdings in Everipedia without compensation in order to establish the Knowledge Standards Foundation and develop the website Encyclosphere. Explaining the venture, Sanger said, "We need to do for encyclopedias what blogging standards did for blogs: there needs to be an 'Encyclosphere.' We should build a totally decentralized network, like the Blogosphere—or like email, IRC, blockchains, and the World Wide Web itself."

paragraphs: Anyone can contribute to a page by making an account. Everipedia allows users to create any page on anything as long as the content is cited and neutral, even on non-notable topics. Startups, celebrities and other contributors are permitted to create their own articles, as long as the content is sourced.

paragraphs: Mistakes will inevitably be introduced into articles because Everipedia is a wiki, according to Moghadam in 2017 in "Paste". The site has been criticized for presenting false information in wiki pages on breaking news topics.


title: Kulsoom Nawaz

paragraphs: Begum Kulsoom Nawaz Sharif (Urdu: بیگم كلثوم نواز شريف) (29 March 1950 – 11 September 2018) was a Pakistani politician. She was the First Lady of Pakistan three times; from 1990 to 1993, 1997 to 1999 and then from 2013 to 2017.

paragraphs: Kulsoom served as the President of Pakistan Muslim League-N (PML-N) from 1999 to 2002.<ref name="news18/29july2017"></ref>

paragraphs: Nawaz was diagnosed with lymphoma in August 2017 and since has been in treatment in London. In June 2018 Nawaz suffered a cardiac arrest and since has been placed on ventilator. On 11 September 2018, she died in London at the age of 68.


title: Terry Todd

paragraphs: Terry Todd (December 31, 1937 – July 7, 2018) was an American powerlifter, and Olympic weightlifter. Todd was co-founder of the H.J. Lutcher Stark Center for Physical Culture and Sports, co-editor of Iron Game History: The Journal of Physical Culture, and creator and event director of the Arnold Strongman Classic.

paragraphs: Todd held a career as a journalist on the staff of Sports Illustrated magazine.

paragraphs: Todd died on July 7, 2018 in Austin, Texas at the age of 80.


title: Scorpio (astrology)

paragraphs: Scorpio is an astrological sign, related to the constellation Scorpio, the Sun meets Scorpio from October 23 to November 22.

paragraphs: Scorpio-born are passionate and assertive people. They are determined and decisive, and will research until they find out the truth. Scorpio is a great leader, always aware of the situation and also features prominently in resourcefulness.

paragraphs: Scorpio is a Water sign and lives to experience and express emotions. Although emotions are very important for Scorpio, they manifest them differently than other water signs. In any case, you can be sure that the Scorpio will keep your secrets, whatever they may be.

paragraphs: Pluto is the planet of transformation and regeneration, and also the ruler of this zodiac sign. Scorpios are known by their calm and cool behavior, and by their mysterious appearance. People often say that Scorpio-born are fierce, probably because they understand very well the rules of the universe. Some Scorpio-born can look older than they actually are. They are excellent leaders because they are very dedicated to what they do. Scorpios hate dishonesty and they can be very jealous and suspicious, so they need to learn how to adapt more easily to different human behaviors. Scorpios are brave and therefore they have a lot of friends.

paragraphs: Strengths: Resourceful, brave, passionate, stubborn, a true friend

paragraphs: Weaknesses: Distrusting, jealous, secretive, violent

paragraphs: Scorpio likes: Truth, facts, being right, longtime friends, teasing, a grand passion

paragraphs: Scorpio dislikes: Dishonesty, revealing secrets, passive people


title: Billy Knight (basketball, born 1979)

paragraphs: William Price Knight (January 20, 1979 – July 8, 2018) was an American professional basketball player. He was born in Los Angeles, California. His last professional stops were in Japan with Hamamatsu, Osaka, Hyogo and Yamagata. Knight helped the Hamamatsu Higashimikawa Phoenix to their first bj league title in 2009–10, when he was the league's third-leading scorer, averaging 19.6 points per game.

paragraphs: Knight abused an ex-girlfriend’s nine-year-old daughter and was arrested on June 13, 2018. He was found dead a month later on July 8, 2018 in Phoenix, Arizona, aged 39.


title: Billy Knight

paragraphs: William R. Knight (born June 9, 1952) is an American former professional basketball player and executive. He served as the Executive Vice President and General Manager of the National Basketball Association's Atlanta Hawks from 2003 to 2008.

paragraphs: Knight spent eleven seasons, from 1974–85, in the ABA and NBA as a member of the Indiana Pacers, Buffalo Braves, Boston Celtics, Kansas City Kings, and San Antonio Spurs. He scored 13,901 points in his ABA/NBA career and appeared in two All-Star games.


title: Darryl Rogers

paragraphs: Darryl Dale Rogers (May 28, 1935 – July 10, 2018) was an American football player and coach. He served as the head coach at California State College at Hayward—now known as California State University, East Bay (1965), California State University, Fresno (1966–1972), San Jose State University (1973–1975), Michigan State University (1976–1979), and Arizona State University (1980–1984).

paragraphs: Rogers was then the head coach of the National Football League's Detroit Lions from 1985 to 1988, where his record was 18–40. In 1991, served as head coach of the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the Canadian Football League (CFL) coaching the Blue Bombers to a 9–9 record.

paragraphs: Rogers was born in Los Angeles, California. He studied at California State University, Fresno. Rogers died in Fresno, California on July 10, 2018 at the age of 83.


title: Braddock, Pennsylvania

paragraphs: Braddock is a borough in the eastern suburbs of Pittsburgh in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, 10 miles (16 km) from the Monongahela River. The population was 2,159 at the 2010 census. The town is named for General Edward Braddock (1695–1755). Current Lieutenant Governor Democrat John Fetterman was mayor from 2005 to 2019.


title: John Fetterman (politician)

paragraphs: John Fetterman (born August 15, 1969) is an American politician. He is the 34th and current Lieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania since 2019. He was the Mayor of Braddock, Pennsylvania from 2005 to 2019.

paragraphs: He won the Braddock mayoral election in 2005 by a single vote, and was re-elected in 2009, 2013, and 2017.

paragraphs: As mayor, Fetterman became known for trying to modernize the economy in Braddock, with an article in "The New York Times", an appearance on Comedy Central's "The Colbert Report", and a Levi's jeans ad. He has made equality, environmental protection, gay rights, immigration, and marijuana legalization major campaign issues.

paragraphs: Fetterman ran for the United States Senate in 2016, but was lost in the Democratic primary. Fetterman was the Democratic nominee for Lieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania in the 2018 election against Republican Jeff Bartos. He won the general election in November 2018 along with Tom Wolf as Governor.

paragraphs: Fetterman supported Senator Bernie Sanders for President of the United States in the 2016 presidential election.


title: Shridath Ramphal

paragraphs: Sir Shridath Surendranath "Sonny" Ramphal (born 3 October 1928) is a Guyanese politician. He was the second Commonwealth Secretary-General, from 1975 to 1990. He was the Foreign Minister of Guyana, from 1972 to 1975, and Assistant Attorney General of the West Indies Federation from 1958 to 1962.

paragraphs: Ramphal is an Earth Charter International Commission member.


title: Emeka Anyaoku

paragraphs: Chief Emeka Anyaoku, GCVO, CFR, CON (born 18 January 1933) is a Nigerian politician. He was the third Commonwealth Secretary-General. He is also a Vice-President of the Royal Commonwealth Society.


title: Commonwealth Secretary-General

paragraphs: The Commonwealth Secretary-General is the head of the Commonwealth Secretariat, the central body which has served the Commonwealth of Nations since its establishment in 1965. They are responsible for representing the Commonwealth publicly.

paragraphs: The Commonwealth Secretary-General should not be confused with the Head of the Commonwealth, who is currently Elizabeth II.


title: Arnold Smith

paragraphs: Arnold Cantwell Smith (January 18, 1915 – February 7, 1994) was a Canadian diplomat. He was the first Commonwealth Secretary-General, serving from 1965–1975.

paragraphs: In 1975 he was made a member of the Order of the Companions of Honour. In 1984, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada for "a long and distinguished diplomatic career".


title: Don McKinnon

paragraphs: Sir Donald Charles McKinnon (born 27 February 1939) is a New Zealand politician. He is a former Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs of New Zealand. He was the Secretary-General of the Commonwealth of Nations from 2000 until 2008.


title: Kamalesh Sharma

paragraphs: Kamalesh Sharma, GCVO (born 30 September 1941) is an Indian diplomat. He was the 5th Secretary General of the Commonwealth of Nations from 2008 to 2016. He served as the High Commissioner for India in London.


title: Patricia Scotland

paragraphs: Patricia Janet Scotland, Baroness Scotland of Asthal (born 19 August 1955) is an English politician and barrister. She served in ministerial positions within the UK Government, mainly as the Attorney General for England and Wales and Advocate General for Northern Ireland. In 2015, she was elected the 6th Secretary-General of the Commonwealth of Nations and took office on 1 April 2016. She is the first woman to hold the post.

paragraphs: She is a dual citizen of the United Kingdom and Dominica.


title: Commonwealth Chair-in-Office

paragraphs: The Commonwealth Chair-in-Office (CIO) is the chief executive and presiding officer of the Commonwealth of Nations, and is one of the main leadership positions in the Commonwealth. It is held by the host chairperson of the previous Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM), and is maintained until the next CHOGM.


title: Olusegun Obasanjo

paragraphs: Chief Olusegun Mathew Okikiola Aremu Obasanjo, GCFR, Ph.D.

paragraphs: (; born 5 May 1937) is a Nigerian politicians and general. He was President of Nigeria from 1999 to 2007. He was a military ruler from 13 February 1976 to 1 October 1979, and a democratically elected president from 29 May 1999 to 29 May 2007.

paragraphs: From July 2004 to January 2006, Obasanjo also was Chairperson of the African Union.


title: Lawrence Gonzi

paragraphs: Lawrence Gonzi (born 1 July 1953) is a Maltese politician. He served for twenty-five years in Maltese politics. Gonzi was Prime Minister of Malta from 2004 to 2013, and leader of the Nationalist Party. He also served as speaker of the House from 1988 to 1996, and Minister of Social Policy from 1998 to 2004, as well as Deputy Prime Minister from 1999 to 2004.


title: Maithripala Sirisena

paragraphs: Pallewatte Gamaralalage Maithripala Yapa Sirisena (; ; ; born 3 September 1951) is a Sri Lankan politician and the 7th President of Sri Lanka from January 2015 through November 2019.


title: Joseph Muscat

paragraphs: Joseph Muscat (born January 22, 1974) is a Maltese politician. He was Prime Minister of Malta from 2013 through 2020. He is also the Leader of the "Partit Laburista" (PL) since June 2008. Muscat was re-elected as Prime Minister in 2017.

paragraphs: He was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 2004 to 2008. He was Leader of the Opposition from October 2008 to March 2013.

paragraphs: He has been seen as a controversial politician due to broken promises and corruption. His cabinet has been linked to the murder of journalist Daphne Caruana Galizia.

paragraphs: In December 2019, Muscat announced he would resign on January 12, 2020. He resigned on January 13, 2020.


title: Karmenu Mifsud Bonnici

paragraphs: Karmenu Mifsud Bonnici (born 17 July 1933) is a Maltese politician. He served as Prime Minister of Malta from December 1984 to May 1987. He is a member of the Labour Party.


title: Eddie Fenech Adami

paragraphs: Edoardo "Eddie" Fenech Adami (born 7 February 1934) is a Maltese politician. He served as Prime Minister of Malta from 1987 until 1996, and again from 1998 until 2004. He was the seventh President of Malta from 2004 to 2009. He is pro-European, Fenech Adami is the longest serving Maltese prime minister since Malta's independence, and was important for Malta being part of the European Union.


title: Alfred Sant

paragraphs: Alfred Sant (born 28 February 1948) is a Maltese politician and a novelist. He led the Labour Party from 1992 to 2008. He served as Prime Minister of Malta between 1996 and 1998 and as Leader of the Opposition from 1992 to 1996 and from 1998 to 2008.


title: Prime Minister of Malta

paragraphs: The Prime Minister of Malta () is the Head of Government, which is the highest official of Malta. The office of "Head of Ministry" was created as soon as Malta was granted autonomous government in 1921.

paragraphs: The President of Malta, who heads the Executive branch, appoints the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister advises the President on the appointment of the other Ministers.

paragraphs: As minister in his own right the Prime Minister is responsible for a number of departments of government. The Office of the Prime Minister (OPM) has been based at the Auberge de Castille in Valletta since 1972, playing a central role in decision-making apart from being the administrative headquarters of the Government.


title: President of Malta

paragraphs: The President of Malta () is the head of state of Malta. The President is appointed by a resolution of the House of Representatives of Malta for a five-year term, taking an oath to "preserve, protect and defend" the Constitution.

paragraphs: The President of Malta also resides directly or indirectly in all three branches of the state. They are part of Parliament and responsible for the appointment of the judiciary. They also help appoint the Prime Minister.

paragraphs: there are five living former Maltese Heads of State:


title: Marie-Louise Coleiro Preca

paragraphs: Marie-Louise Coleiro Preca, (born 7 December 1958) is a Maltese politician. She was the 9th President of Malta from April 2014 to April 2019. She served as a member of the Labour Party, she was a Member of Parliament in the Parliament of Malta from 1998 to 2014, and served as the Minister of the Family and Social Solidarity from March 2013 to March 2014.


title: Ugo Mifsud Bonnici

paragraphs: Ugo Mifsud Bonnici, (born 8 November 1932) is a Maltese politician. He was the fifth President of Malta from 4 April 1994 until the same day in 1999.


title: George Abela

paragraphs: George Abela (born 22 April 1948) is a Maltese politician. He was President of Malta from April 2009 to April 2014. His son, Robert Abela, is the 14th Prime Minister of Malta.


title: Qormi

paragraphs: Qormi ( ; in the Qormi dialect), also known by its title Città Pinto, is a city in the Southern Region of Malta, located southwest of Valletta in the centre of the island. It has a population of 16,779 (as of March 2014), which makes it the fifth largest locality in Malta.


title: Birgu

paragraphs: Birgu ( , ), also known by its title Città Vittoriosa, is an old city on the south side of the Grand Harbour in the South Eastern Region of Malta. In the 1950s, it was the "de-facto" capital city of Malta.


title: Cospicua

paragraphs: Cospicua ( ), also known by its titles Città Cospicua or Civitas Cottonera, is a city in the South Eastern Region of Malta. With Birgu and Senglea, it is one of the Three Cities, located within the Grand Harbour to the east of the capital city Valletta.

paragraphs: With a population of 5,395 as of March 2014, it is the most dense city of the Three Cities.

paragraphs: The Maltese name "Bormla" or "Burmula" comes from "Bir Mula" that means "[the] well of the Lord".


title: Three Cities

paragraphs: The Three Cities is a description of the three cities of Birgu, Senglea and Cospicua in Malta. The oldest of the Three Cities is Birgu, which has existed since the Middle Ages. The other two cities, Senglea and Cospicua, were both founded by the Order of Saint John in the 16th and 17th centuries. They are surrounded by the Cottonera Lines.

paragraphs: Together, the Three Cities have a total population of 10,808 people as of March 2014.


title: Grand Harbour

paragraphs: The Grand Harbour, also known as the Port of Valletta, is a natural harbour on the island of Malta. It has been modified over the years with docks, wharves, and fortifications.


title: Mdina

paragraphs: Mdina a city in the Northern Region of Malta. It served as the island's capital until the medieval period. The city is still build within its walls, and has a population of just under 300.


title: Victoria, Gozo

paragraphs: Victoria (, meaning "the city Victoria"), also known among the native Maltese as Rabat (which is the name of the old town centre) or by its title Città Victoria, is the capital city of Gozo, the second largest island of Malta. The city has a total population of 6,901 (as of March 2014).


title: Gozo

paragraphs: Gozo (; , , formerly Gaulos) is an island of the Maltese archipelago in the Mediterranean Sea. The island is part of Malta. It is the second-largest island in Malta. Gozo is more rural and known for its scenic hills, which are featured on its coat of arms.


title: Malta (island)

paragraphs: Malta is the largest of the three major islands. It is sometimes referred to as Valletta. Malta is in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea directly south of Italy and north of Libya. The island is long and wide. The capital is Valletta. The island is made up of many small towns.


title: Comino

paragraphs: Comino (), formerly called Ephaestia, is a small island of the Maltese archipelago between the islands of Malta and Gozo in the Mediterranean Sea. It is in area. It has a population of only three residents, following the death of the fourth resident in 2017.


title: Cominotto

paragraphs: Cominotto (), sometimes referred to as "Cominetto", is a Mediterranean island of the northern coast of Malta. The island is uninhabited, meaning no one lives here. It measures only in area it is the second largest uninhabited island of Malta, Cominoto lies to the north west of Comino.


title: Filfla

paragraphs: Filfla is a small uninhabited islet south of Malta, and is the most southerly point of the Maltese Archipelago. "filflu" (or "filfluu"), a small rocky islet some southwest of Filfla, has the southernmost point of Malta.


title: St Paul's Island

paragraphs: St Paul's Island (Maltese: "Il-Gżejjer ta' San Pawl"), also known as Selmunett, is a small island off Selmun near the north-east of the main island of Malta. St Paul's Island is sometimes split into two islands and it is sometimes called to in the plural as St Paul's Islands.

paragraphs: St Paul's Island has been uninhabited since World War II, and it is the second largest uninhabited island of Malta, having an area of .

paragraphs: There are many shipwrecks on the island.


title: Manoel Island

paragraphs: Manoel Island () is a small island which forms part of Gżira in Marsamxett Harbour, Malta. It is named after the Portuguese Grand Master António Manoel de Vilhena.

paragraphs: Manoel Island is a flat island shaped roughly like a leaf. The island is connected to mainland Malta by a bridge. The whole island can be viewed from the bastions of the capital Valletta.


title: Marsamxett Harbour

paragraphs: Marsamxett Harbour, also known as Marsamuscetto, is a natural harbour on the island of Malta. It is located to the north of the larger Grand Harbour. The harbour is generally more dedicated to tourist use than the Grand Harbour.


title: Ħalfa Rock

paragraphs: Ħalfa Rock (Maltese: "Il-Ġebla tal-Ħalfa "or Il-Blata tal-Ħalfa) is a deserted small islet and limestone rock on the south-east coast of the island of Gozo in the Maltese archipelago.


title: San Lawrenz

paragraphs: San Lawrenz () is a town on the island of Gozo, Malta. It has a population of 748, as of March 2014. The town is known for being located near Fungus Rock, and formerly also the Azure Window landmark before its collapse in 2017.


title: Senglea

paragraphs: Senglea, also known by its title Città Invicta (or Civitas Invicta), is a city in the South Eastern Region of Malta. It is one of the Three Cities in the Grand Harbour area, the other two being Cospicua and Vittoriosa. It has a population of slightly below three thousand people.


title: Siġġiewi

paragraphs: Siġġiewi (, ), also called by its title Città Ferdinand, is a city and a local council in the Southern Region of Malta. It is the third largest council in Malta after Rabat and Mellieħa respectively. It is near Mdina, the ancient capital city of Malta, and away from Valletta. It is the home of 8367 inhabitants as of March 2014.


title: Mellieħa

paragraphs: Mellieħa is a small town in the Northern Region of Malta. It has a population of 10,087 as of March 2014. Mellieħa is also a tourist resort, popular for its sandy beaches and natural environment.


title: Żabbar

paragraphs: Żabbar (, ), also known as Città Hompesch, is a city in the South Eastern Region of Malta. It is the sixth largest city in the country, with a population of 15,404 as of March 2014. Żabbar was granted the title of "Città Hompesch".


title: Żebbuġ

paragraphs: Żebbuġ, also known by its title Città Rohan, is a city in the Southern Region of Malta. It is one of the oldest cities in the country, and its population is 11,903 as of March 2014.


title: Żejtun

paragraphs: Żejtun ( ) is a city in the South Eastern Region of Malta, with a population of 11,508 in March 2014. Żejtun holds the title of Città Beland. Before that, the village was known as Casal Santa Caterina.


title: President of Uganda

paragraphs: The President of the Republic of Uganda is the head of state and head of government of Uganda. The president leads the executive branch of the Government of Uganda and is the commander-in-chief of the Uganda People's Defence Force.

paragraphs: In 2005 presidential term limits were removed, and in 2017 the removal of the previous upper age limit of 75 was also announced.


title: Prime Minister of Uganda

paragraphs: The Prime Minister of Uganda is in charge of the Cabinet of Uganda, although the President is the effective head of government. Ruhakana Rugunda has been the Prime Minister since 18 September 2014.

paragraphs: The post of Prime Minister was created for the first time in 1962. In 1966, Prime Minister Milton Obote suspended the Constitution, abolished the post of Prime Minister, and declared himself President. In 1980, the post of Prime Minister was re-established.


title: Ruhakana Rugunda

paragraphs: Ruhakana Rugunda (born 7 November 1947) is a Ugandan politician. He has been Prime Minister of Uganda since 2014 under President Yoweri Museveni. He served as Uganda's Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1994 to 1996 and as Minister of Internal Affairs from 2003 to 2009. He also served as the Permanent Representative to the United Nations from 2009 to 2011 and Minister of Health from 2013 to 2014.


title: Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago

paragraphs: Prime Ministers of Trinidad and Tobago has control of the government rests with the Cabinet. The Prime Minister and Cabinet are answerable to the House of Representatives. They have a five year term limit and are appointed by the President of Trinidad and Tobago.

paragraphs: There are two living former Prime Ministers:


title: Keith Rowley

paragraphs: The Rt Hon. Dr. Keith Christopher Rowley MP (born 24 October 1949) is the current Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago, in office since September 2015. He has led the People's National Movement (PNM) since May 2010. He has also served as the Member of the House of Representatives for Diego Martin West since 1991.


title: George Chambers

paragraphs: George Michael Chambers ORTT (4 October 1928 – 4 November 1997) was the second Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago. He served as Assistant General Secretary of the PNM before becoming Parliamentary Secretary in the Ministry of Finance in 1966. From there he went on to serve as Minister of Finance, Public Utilities, Housing, National Security, Education, Planning, Industry/Commerce and Agriculture.


title: Paula-Mae Weekes

paragraphs: Paula-Mae Weekes (born December 23, 1958) is the 6th and current president of Trinidad and Tobago. She took office on 19 March 2018 and became the first woman to hold the office of President.


title: President of Sri Lanka

paragraphs: The President of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ( "Śrī Laṃkā Janādhipathi"; "Ilankai janātipati") is the executive head of state and head of government of Sri Lanka and commander-in-chief of the Sri Lankan Armed Forces.

paragraphs: The office was created in 1972 as the head of state and becoming the head of government in 1978. The office is the single most dominant political office in the country. The current President is Gotabaya Rajapaksa.


title: Prime Minister of Sri Lanka

paragraphs: The Prime Minister of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ( ; ) is the most senior member of parliament in the cabinet of ministers in Sri Lanka. They are in charge for their policies and actions to parliament. The President is both head of state and head of government in Sri Lanka. Since 1978, most prime ministers have served as mere deputies to the executive presidency, while at times served as the "de-facto" head of government.

paragraphs: On 21 November 2019, Mahinda Rajapaksa was appointed as the Prime Minister by his brother Gotabaya Rajapaksa.

paragraphs: The most recent death of a former Prime Minister was that of D. M. Jayaratne (2010–2015) on 18 November 2019, aged 88.


title: Jusuf Gazibegović

paragraphs: Jusuf Gazibegović (born 3 March 2000) is a Bosnian football player. He plays for FC Liefering in Austrias second league as defender.

paragraphs: Jusuf Gazibegovic played for the football academy of FC Red Bull Salzburg from 2016 to 2018 and for the UEFA Youth League squad in 2017/18. There he scored one goal against Girondis Bordeaux. Sometimes he played also for FC Liefering.

paragraphs: In the 2018-19 season he plays in the regular team of Liefering.


title: Ranil Wickremesinghe

paragraphs: Ranil Wickremesinghe, MP (, ; born 24 March 1949) is a Sri Lankan politician who was the Prime Minister of Sri Lanka from 9 January 2015 through 21 November 2019.

paragraphs: Before, he was Prime Minister of Sri Lanka two times, from 7 May 1993 to 19 August 1994 and from 9 December 2001 to 6 April 2004. A member of the United National Party he was nominated as party leader in November 1994. He is also the leader of the United National Front having been nominated head of the organization in October 2009.


title: Abbas Amir-Entezam

paragraphs: Abbas Amir-Entezam (18 August 1932 – 12 July 2018) was an Iranian politician and political prisoner. He was the spokesman and deputy prime minister in the Interim Cabinet of Mehdi Bazargan in 1979.

paragraphs: In 1981 he was sentenced to life imprisonment on charges of spying for the United States. He was "the longest-held political prisoner in the Islamic Republic of Iran". According to Fariba Amini, as of 2006 he had "been in jail for 17 years and in and out of jail for the last ten years, altogether for 27 years."

paragraphs: Amir-Entezam died on 12 July 2018 in Tehran at the age of 85.


title: Prime Minister of Ethiopia

paragraphs: The Prime Minister of Ethiopia is the head of the Ethiopian government and the most powerful figure in Ethiopian politics. Although the President of Ethiopia is the country's head of state, his powers are largely ceremonial, the constitution states that the Prime Minister has more power and serves as chief executive.

paragraphs: The official residence of the prime minister, is "Menelik Palace" in Addis Ababa. The current Prime Minister is Abiy Ahmed of EPRDF, the twelfth person to hold the position.


title: Chairperson of the African Union

paragraphs: The Chairperson of the African Union is the ceremonial head of the African Union elected by the Assembly of Heads of State and Government for a one-year term.

paragraphs: A candidate must be supported by at least two-thirds of the member states or by consensus. The chairperson is expected to complete the term without resignations or impeachment.


title: Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz

paragraphs: Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz ( "Muḥammad Wald ‘Abd al-‘Azīz"; born 20 December 1956) is the President of Mauritania, in office since 2009.

paragraphs: Following the 2008 coup, Abdel Aziz became President of the High Council of State as part of what was described as a political transition leading to a new election. He resigned from that post in April 2009 in order to stand as a candidate in the July 2009 presidential election, which he won. He was sworn in on 5 August 2009.

paragraphs: Abdel Aziz also served as the Chairman of the African Union from 2014 to 2015.

paragraphs: On July 9, 2020, Mohamed Abdel Aziz was to respond to the convening of a Parliamentary Commission of Inquiry tasked with writing a "report". In the aftermath, the Mauritanian justice started to boil in a race against the clock for the construction of the High court of justice, only authorized to judge the president of the republic in the event of high treason.


title: Bingu wa Mutharika

paragraphs: Bingu wa Mutharika (born Brightson Webster Ryson Thom; 24 February 1934 – 5 April 2012) was a Malawian politician and economist. He was President of Malawi from May 2004 until his death in April 2012. He was also President of the Democratic Progressive Party. He was also Chairperson of the African Union in 2010–2011. He died of cardiac arrest in Lilongwe while in office on 5 April 2012, at age 78.


title: Peter Mutharika

paragraphs: Arthur Peter Mutharika (; born 18 July 1939) is a Malawian politician, educator and lawyer. He was President of Malawi from 31 May 2014 until he lost his re-election bid on June 28, 2020. He informally served as an adviser to his older brother, President Bingu wa Mutharika, on issues of foreign and domestic policy from the onset of his election campaign until the President's death on 5 April 2012.


title: Bakili Muluzi

paragraphs: Elson Bakili Muluzi (born March 17, 1943 in Machinga, Nyasaland) is a Malawian politician. He was the first freely elected President of Malawi from 1994 to 2004. He was also chairman of the United Democratic Front (UDF) until 2009. He replaced Hastings Kamuzu Banda as Malawi's president. He also served in Banda's cabinet as Minister without Portfolio, before retiring in 1980.


title: President of Malawi

paragraphs: The President of the Republic of Malawi is the head of state and head of government of Malawi. The president leads the executive branch of the Government of Malawi and is the commander-in-chief of the Malawian Defence Force.

paragraphs: The succession to the throne was the same as the succession to the British throne.

paragraphs: The Governor-General was the representative of the monarch in Malawi and exercised most of the powers of the monarch. The Governor-General was appointed for an indefinite term, serving at the pleasure of the monarch. After the passage of the Statute of Westminster 1931, the Governor-General was appointed solely on the advice of the Cabinet of Malawi without the involvement of the British government. In the event of a vacancy the Chief Justice served as Officer Administering the Government.


title: Joyce Banda

paragraphs: Joyce Hilda Banda (née Mtila; born 12 April 1950) is a Malawian politician. She was the President of Malawi from 7 April 2012 to 31 May 2014. She is the founder and leader of the People's Party, created in 2011. She was Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2006 to 2009 and Vice-President of Malawi from May 2009 to April 2012.


title: John Magufuli

paragraphs: Dr John Joseph Magufuli (born 29 October 1959) is a Tanzanian politician and the President of Tanzania, in office since 2015. He served in the Cabinet of Tanzania as Deputy Minister of Works from 1995 to 2000, Minister of Works from 2000 to 2006, Minister of Lands and Human Settlement from 2006 to 2008, Minister of Livestock and Fisheries from 2008 to 2010, and as Minister of Works for a second time from 2010 to 2015.


title: President of Tanzania

paragraphs: The President of the United Republic of Tanzania () is the head of state and head of government of Tanzania. The president leads the executive branch of the Government of Tanzania and is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces.


title: Benjamin Mkapa

paragraphs: Benjamin William Mkapa (November 12, 1938 – July 24, 2020) was a Tanzanian politician. He was the third President of Tanzania, in office from 1995 to 2005. He was also Chairman of the Revolutionary State Political Party (Chama Cha Mapinduzi, CCM).

paragraphs: Mkapa died on July 24, 2020 in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania at the age of 81.


title: Jakaya Kikwete

paragraphs: Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete (born 7 October 1951) was the fourth President of Tanzania, in office from 2005 to 2015. He has also served as the Chairperson of the African Union in 2008–2009 and the Chairman of the Southern African Development Community Troika on Peace, Defence and Security in 2012–2013.


title: Prime Minister of Tanzania

paragraphs: The Prime Minister of the United Republic of Tanzania is the leader of government business in the National Assembly. The position works closely with the President, the head of government.

paragraphs: The functions and powers of the Prime Minister are described in the Constitution of Tanzania:


title: Salim Ahmed Salim

paragraphs: Salim Ahmed Salim (, Urdu: , , born 23 January 1942) is a Tanzanian diplomat. He was the 4th Prime Minister of Tanzania from 24 April 1984 to 5 November 1985.


title: Cleopa Msuya

paragraphs: Cleopa David Msuya (born 4 January 1931) is a Tanzanian politician. He was Prime Minister of Tanzania from 7 November 1980 to 24 February 1983 and again from 7 December 1994 to 28 November 1995.


title: Kassim Majaliwa

paragraphs: Kassim Majaliwa Majaliwa (born 22 December 1961) is a Tanzanian politician. He is the Prime Minister of Tanzania since 2015. He was appointed by President John Magufuli after the 2015 general election. He is a member of the ruling Chama Cha Mapinduzi party and has been a Member of Parliament for Ruangwa constituency since 2010.