title: Lion-tailed macaque

paragraphs: The lion-tailed macaque ("Macaca silenus") is an Old World monkey.

paragraphs: It lives in the Western Ghats mountains of India.

paragraphs: The hair of the Lion-tailed macaque is dark-brown or black.

paragraphs: There is a black tuft at the end of the tail, similar to a lion's tail.

paragraphs: With a head-to-tail length of 45 to 60 cm and a weight of 3 to 10 kg, it is one of the smaller macaques.

paragraphs: It is a diurnal animal, active during the day.

paragraphs: It is a good climber and spends most of its life in the upper branches.

paragraphs: Unlike other macaques, it avoids humans.

paragraphs: The lion-tailed macaque is one of the rarest primates.

paragraphs: Many zoos take part in breeding programs to help this species survive.

paragraphs: 368 of these Macaque are reported to live in zoos.


title: Sadie Frost

paragraphs: Sadie Frost (born 19 June 1965) is an English actress. She runs fashion label Frost French.

paragraphs: Frost starred in a Jelly Tots advertisement at the age of 3. She won a scholarship to the Italia Conti Academy.

paragraphs: But after an early eating disorder, she gave up acting at 13. She attended Hampstead School.

paragraphs: As an actress, Frost has acted in: "Press Gang" and "Casualty". Frost and her first husband Gary Kemp starred together in the 1990s film "The Krays". Frost and Kemp were married for 5 years. They divorced on 19 August 1995.

paragraphs: In 2004, she wrote and presented a short lived series "What Sadie did next..." for E4. In 2005, she appeared in "Eating with...Sadie Frost" on BBC2. In March 2006, Frost flew to South Africa to part-fund an orphanage for the Homes of Hope project.

paragraphs: She met Jude Law when they were both working on the film "Shopping". They married on 2 September 1997 and had three children.

paragraphs: Frost and Law divorced on 29 October 2003.


title: Brian Blessed

paragraphs: Brian Blessed (born 9 October 1936) is an English actor.

paragraphs: The son of William Blessed, a socialist miner, and Hilda Wall, Blessed was born at the Montague Hospital in the town of Mexborough, Yorkshire. He attended Bolton on Dearne Secondary Modern School, but after his father suffered an industrial accident, he was forced to leave school early at 14 and spent several years working at a variety of jobs, ranging from undertaker to plasterer's assistant. He completed his National Service as a parachutist in the Royal Air Force. He began his acting training at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School, alongside Patrick Stewart. He has written about his early life in his autobiography, "Dynamite Kid" (1992).

paragraphs: An early role was that of PC "Fancy" Smith in the BBC police drama "Z-Cars" from 1962 to 1965. In 1966, Blessed appeared in "Incident at Vichy" at the Phoenix Theatre in London. Blessed had small roles in such cult shows as "The Avengers" (1967, 1969) and the original "Randall and Hopkirk (Deceased)" (1969). He portrayed Caesar Augustus in the BBC series "I, Claudius". He portrayed Basileos in the BBC mini-series Michael J. Bird's The Aphrodite Inheritance (1979). He portrayed the father of Robin Hood, Lord Locksley, in the blockbuster "" (1991).

paragraphs: He has appeared in a number of Shakespearean roles on both stage and screen, including four of the five Shakespeare films directed by Kenneth Branagh: as The Duke of Exeter in "Henry V" (1989), Antonio in "Much Ado About Nothing" (1993), The Ghost of Hamlet's Father in "Hamlet" (1996), and the dual role of Duke Frederick and Duke Senior in "As You Like It" (2006). He also provided the voices of Bob in the animated series "Kika & Bob" (2008) and Grampy Rabbit in "Peppa Pig".

paragraphs: He also hosted the 1978 documentary on the life of Johann Sebastian Bach called the "The Joy of Bach" in which he also portrayed Bach in different vignettes in this documentary.

paragraphs: Other roles have emphasised his comedic abilities: notably Prince Vultan in "Flash Gordon" (1980) – for which he is frequently remembered for the famous line "Gordon's alive!"; the mad, comic figure of Richard IV in the first series of "The Black Adder" (1983); and Spiro in the BBC adaptation of "My Family and Other Animals" (1987). He also played the role of General Yevlenko in the miniseries "War and Remembrance" (1988). Blessed jokes he almost starred in "Blackadder II" (1986) as Queen Elizabeth but he wasn't available at the time of filming.

paragraphs: He provided the vocal links on the Sony-Award-winning Christian O'Connell Breakfast Show on Virgin Radio and introduced adverts for Orange mobile phones. At Christmas 2006, he presented a panto "Cinderella" for Virgin Radio starring actors such as David Tennant and Thandie Newton. In November 2006, Blessed made a surprise appearance on the midday talk show "Loose Women". Also, he is featured reading the story "The White City, Part 1" which is the final piece on the album "". Blessed was also the voice of Jean Valjean in "Focus on the Family Radio Theatre's" audio dramatic adaptation of Victor Hugo's "Les Misérables".

paragraphs: Blessed has also starred in Andrew Lloyd Webber's "Cats" as both Old Deuteronomy and Bustopher Jones during the original West End theatre production. In 2002, under the direction of Royal Shakespeare Company director Adrian Noble, Blessed originated the role of Baron Bomburst for the stage musical version of "Chitty Chitty Bang Bang".

paragraphs: During December 2005 to January 2006, Blessed headlined the pantomime production of "Peter Pan", alongside CBBC Television presenter Kirsten O'Brien at the Regent Theatre in Ipswich. In late 2007 and early 2008, Blessed starred in the panto version of "Peter Pan" as Captain Hook at the Grove Theatre in Dunstable. He played the same role again in "Peter Pan" in late 2007, early 2008 and again at Christmas 2008 at the Fairfield Halls, Croydon.

paragraphs: Blessed was the narrator of the Sky1 series "Crash Test Dummies", starring Steve Marsh and Dan Wright.

paragraphs: Since October 2008, Blessed presents the UK showings of the Japanese gameshow "Unbeatable Banzuke" on the Challenge channel under the name "Banzuke Brian". He also guest hosted episodes of "Have I Got News for You" in May 2008 and April 2013.

paragraphs: In 2009, Blessed played the world's worst explorer, Sir Basil Champion – a character based upon Blessed's fictional inspiration, "The Lost World's" Professor Challenger – in the fourth story in "The Scarifyers" series, "The Curse of the Black Comet". The story was broadcast on BBC7 in 2010.

paragraphs: In November 2009, Blessed starred in a series of online videos on the BBC Comedy website in which he played Henry VIII. The concept of the video series is that the Tudor king is alive & well, and living in a suburban semi with his long-suffering sixth wife Catherine Parr. Henry has embraced modern technology and lives his life online – insulting the King of France on Facebook, surfing for desirable women friends, and blocking the Pope on Twitter.

paragraphs: In late 2009, Blessed starred as the Narrator in the In the Wings production of "Peter and the Wolf" at the New Victory Theater, New York.

paragraphs: After a successful campaign on social networking site Facebook, satnav manufacturer TomTom recorded Brian Blessed's voice as an option for those using its satnav devices; Blessed's voice has been available in devices since October 2010.

paragraphs: In September 2010, Blessed recorded the voiceover to "Sheherazade, or The Princess, the Pirate and the Baboon!", an album of children's stories set to the classical music composition "Scheherazade" by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov and also featuring the voices of Rory Bremner, Jess Murphy, Sam Morris and Nigel Garton. Brian voiced the role of the Great Sultan Shahryār; the album was released as the first in a series entitled "Grandma Dingley's Ingeniously Musical Tales" in March 2011.

paragraphs: In 2013, Blessed starred in an advertising campaign for the New Zealand bank ASB playing a fictionalised version of himself encouraging the humble population to be proud of their achievements whether big or small.

paragraphs: Blessed has attempted to climb Mount Everest three times, getting to 28,200 feet in 1993 and 25,200 feet in 1996, but never reaching the summit. He has reached the summit of Aconcagua, in Argentina, and Kilimanjaro, in Tanzania. He is the oldest man to trek on foot to the magnetic North Pole, and has undertaken an expedition deep into the jungles of Venezuela.

paragraphs: Blessed has an honorary position as official Shoutsperson of the University of York's Douglas Adams Society, and in 2011 the University's student body voted to name a new study space as the 'Brian Blessed Centre for Quiet Study'.

paragraphs: In 2004, Blessed sang on "Celebrity Stars in Their Eyes", impersonating Luciano Pavarotti. He is known for his football knowledge and appeared as an expert on the British satellite station UKTV G2 during the 2006 World Cup. He also appeared on "A Question of Sport" in 2006 and again in 2011 and was a guest host of "Have I Got News for You" in May 2008, alongside guests Alan Duncan and Marcus Brigstocke (also making a surprise appearance in the Christmas special later in the year). His madcap manner quickly made the show deviate from its usual format, with Paul Merton remarking "Does anyone remember how this show used to be like?" In the same month he appeared as a guest on "The Paul O'Grady Show".

paragraphs: Blessed was President of the Television and Radio Industries Club (TRIC) in 2007–2008 and presented the 2008 TRIC Awards at the Grosvenor House, Park Lane. TRIC is an organisation which honours achievers in the film and radio industries. He has honorary degrees from the University of Bradford, awarded in July 2003, and Sheffield Hallam University, awarded in 2004.

paragraphs: He also stars in the "Living Legend" show in Jersey, Channel Islands. It features many celebrity faces, such as Roger Lloyd Pack, Samantha Janus, Kevin Whately and Tony Robinson. The story is of the history of the island.

paragraphs: In 2009, he featured on the song "Army of the Damned", part of the debut album "Beneath the Veiled Embrace" by UK power-metal band Pythia, reading the poem "Suicide in the Trenches" by Siegfried Sassoon. He also contributed to "The Joust" by Eden Burning in 1994.

paragraphs: In June 2011, a campaign by Cambridge graduates resulted in Blessed's being nominated for the post of Chancellor of the University of Cambridge.

paragraphs: In February 2013, a piece of DLC for the PC game "War of the Roses" will feature narration from Blessed.

paragraphs: Blessed lives in Windlesham, Surrey. He married actress Hildegarde Neil in 1978 and they have one daughter, Rosalind. He also has a number of dogs and is a patron of Hopefield Animal Sanctuary.


title: Leif Erikson Day

paragraphs: Leif Erikson Day is a holiday that happens on October 9. It honors Leif Ericson, the Norse explorer who brought the first Europeans known to be in North America.

paragraphs: "America Not Discovered by Columbus" by Rasmus B. Anderson was published in 1874. This book helped make popular the idea that Vikings were the first Europeans in the New World. In 1925, American President Calvin Coolidge recognised Leif Erikson as the Discoverer of America. This was due to research by Norwegian-American scholars such as Knut Gjerset and Ludvig Hektoen.

paragraphs: In 1930, Wisconsin became the first state to officially adopt Leif Erikson Day as a state holiday. A year later, the state of Minnesota did the same. By 1956, Leif Erikson Day was an official holiday seven states (Wisconsin, Minnesota, South Dakota, Illinois, Colorado, Washington, and California) and one Canadian province (Saskatchewan).

paragraphs: In 1963, the U.S. Representative from Duluth, John Blatnik, introduced a bill to observe Leif Erikson Day in the rest of the United States. In 1964, the United States Congress authorized and requested the President to create the observance through a yearly proclamation. Lyndon B. Johnson and each President since have done so. Presidents have used the proclamation to praise the spirit of discovery and the contributions of Americans of Nordic descent generally. Some states officially commemorate Leif Erikson Day, particularly in the Upper Midwest, where large numbers of people from the Nordic countries settled.

paragraphs: October 9th is not related with any event in Leif Erikson's life. The date was chosen because the ship "Restauration" coming from Stavanger, Norway, arrived in New York Harbor on October 9, 1825. This was the start of the first organized immigration from Norway to the United States.


title: Guelders

paragraphs: Guelders or Gueldres (, ) is the name of a historical county. This became a duchy ("lands ruled by a duke or duchess") of the Holy Roman Empire, in the Low Countries.

paragraphs: The duchy was named after the town of Geldern ("Gelder") in what is now called Germany. The present province of Gelderland (English also "Guelders") in the Netherlands occupies most of the area. However, the former duchy also included parts of the present Dutch province of Limburg and the territories in the present-day German state of North Rhine-Westphalia that were acquired by Prussia in 1713.

paragraphs: The duchy had four special parts, which had their own centres:

paragraphs: and was separated from the Lower Quarters (Gelderland):

paragraphs: The county was first mentioned in about 1096, when Gerard III of Wassenberg was first documented as "Count of Guelders". It was then in the territory of Lower Lorraine, in the area of Geldern and Roermond. Its main stronghold was at Montfort (built 1260). Count Gerard's son Gerard II in 1127 got the County of Zutphen in northern Hamaland by marriage. In the 12th and 13th century, Guelders became larger very quickly downstream along the sides of the Maas, Rhine, and IJssel rivers. It even claimed the lands in the Duchy of Limburg. In 1288, it lost the Battle of Worringen against Berg and Brabant.

paragraphs: Guelders was often at war with its neighbours. Not only with Brabant, but also with the County of Holland and the Bishopric of Utrecht. Its territory did not only grow because of its success in warfare, it also did very well in times of peace. William II, count of both Holland and Zeeland, gave Nijmegen in use to Guelders in return of a loan. However he was not able to repay the debts, so these lands became integral parts of Guelders.

paragraphs: In 1339 Count Reginald II of Guelders became a duke as ordered by Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV of Wittelsbach. When Reginald died without an heir in 1371, William I of Jülich inherited Guelders. In 1423 Guelders passed to the House of Egmond. Duke Adolf was fighting with his father Arnold about the inheritance of the land. Arnold came under pressure from the Burgundian duke Charles the Bold, who put him in prison in 1471. When Arnold died in 1473, Duke Charles added Guelders to his Burgundian Netherlands.

paragraphs: The last independent Duke of Guelders was Adolf's son Charles of Egmond (1492-1538). He increased the size of the duchy northward, and included what is now the Province of Overijssel. He left the duchy to Duke William the Rich of Jülich-Cleves-Berg in his will. However, he was not able to hold on to it and Emperor Charles V of Habsburg soon moved in. Guelders finally lost its independence, when it was united with the Seventeen Provinces of the Habsburg Netherlands in 1543.

paragraphs: Charles V stood down in 1556. He decided that the territories of the Burgundian Circle should be part of the monarchy of Spain. The northern Netherlands stood up against King Philip II of Spain in the Dutch Revolt. The three northern quarters of Gelderland joined the Union of Utrecht and became part of the United Provinces when the 1581 Act of Abjuration was agreed. Only the Upper Quarter remained a part of the Spanish Netherlands.

paragraphs: The Treaty of Utrecht ended the War of the Spanish Succession in 1713. The Spanish Upper Quarter was again divided between Prussian Guelders (Geldern, Viersen, Horst, Venray), the United Provinces (Venlo, Montfort, Echt), Austria (Roermond, Niederkrüchten, Weert), and the Duchy of Jülich (Erkelenz).

paragraphs: In 1795 Guelders was conquered and incorporated by the French First Republic. It was divided between the départements of Roer and Meuse-Inférieure.

paragraphs: The coat of arms of the region changed during the ages.


title: Ian McDiarmid

paragraphs: Ian McDiarmid () is a Scottish theatre actor and director. He was born 11 August 1944. He has also made some appearances on movie and television .

paragraphs: Worldwide, he is most famous for his role as Emperor Palpatine in the Star Wars live action movie series. He was in both the original and prequel trilogies. McDiarmid has been in 47 movies since 1976.

paragraphs: McDiarmid was born in Carnoustie in Tayside. McDiarmid went to the University of St Andrews, to study psychology. Soon after, he decided he wanted a career in the theatre instead, and took acting training courses at the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama in Glasgow. In 1968, McDiarmid got a gold medal for his acting work.

paragraphs: McDiarmid was cast by George Lucas in "" as Emperor Palpatine, the main villain. Sixteen years later, he came back to the role as a younger Senator and Chancellor in the "Star Wars" prequel movies. He said that it helped to be much younger than his character the first time he played the part. The prequels had him play two faces to his character: He created an pleasant and likeable character in Palpatine's public face. Darth Sidious is the Chancellor's Sith alter ego.


title: Richard Briers

paragraphs: Richard David Briers, CBE (14 January 1934 - 17 February 2013) was an English actor whose career has contained theatre, television, film and radio. Briers was born in Raynes Park, Surrey, England.

paragraphs: In 1961, Briers got the lead male role in "Marriage Lines" in the 1960s. It was in the next decade when he played Tom Good in the BBC sitcom "The Good Life" that he made a household name. In the 1980s he starred in "Ever Decreasing Circles". He from 2000 to 2002 came back to the spotlight with a leading role in "Monarch of the Glen". Briers was the first narrator and voice actor for the show Enid Blyton's "Noddy".

paragraphs: Richard Briers was made OBE in 1989, and CBE in 2003.

paragraphs: Briers was a heavy smoker until he quit in 2003. He was diagnosed with emphysema in 2008.


title: Simon Callow

paragraphs: Simon Phillip Hugh Callow, CBE (born 15 June 1949) is an English actor, writer and theatre director.

paragraphs: Callow was born in Streatham, London, UK, to Yvonne Mary Guise and Neil Francis Callow.

paragraphs: Callow is one of the most prominent gay actors in Britain.

paragraphs: For a while Callow lived with director Daniel Kramer.


title: Elgin, Moray

paragraphs: Elgin (; ) is a old cathedral city and Royal Burgh in Moray, Scotland.

paragraphs: The town was first to the south of the River Lossie on the higher ground above the flood plain.

paragraphs: Elgin is first documented in the Cartulary of Moray in 1190.

paragraphs: In August 1040, Macbeth's army beat Duncan I at Bothganowan (Pitgaveny), near Elgin.

paragraphs: David I made Elgin a royal burgh around 1130, after his defeat of Óengus of Moray.

paragraphs: During David's reign, the castle was built at the top of what is now Lady Hill.

paragraphs: Edward I of England travelled twice to Elgin. During his first visit in 1296 he was impressed by what he saw.

paragraphs: In the 19th century the old medieval town of Elgin was swept away, and many new buildings were added to the town centre.


title: Paoli/Thorndale Line

paragraphs: The Paoli/Thorndale Line is SEPTA Regional Rail line that runs from Philadelphia to Thorndale in Chester County, Pennsylvania.


title: Trois-Rivières

paragraphs: Trois-Rivières () is a city in Quebec, Canada.

paragraphs: It is where the Saint-Maurice and Saint Lawrence Rivers meet.

paragraphs: It was the second permanent settlement in New France, after Quebec City in 1608.

paragraphs: The city's name is French for "three rivers".

paragraphs: It is called because the Saint-Maurice River, which is divided by two small islands at the river 's opening, has three mouths at the Saint Lawrence River.


title: Devin Setoguchi

paragraphs: Devin Setoguchi (born January 1, 1987 in Taber, Alberta) is an Canadian professional ice hockey right winger that currently plays for the Minnesota Wild. Setoguchi also played 4 seasons in the WHL; 3 for the Saskatoon Blades and 1 for the Prince George Cougars. Setoguchi is of Canadian-Japanese origins. He was drafted by the San Jose Sharks with the 8th overall pick in the 2005 NHL Entry Draft. Setoguchi went on to play 4 seasons with the Sharks before being traded along with Charlie Coyle and a first round pick in the 2011 NHL Entry Draft to the Minnesota Wild for Brent Burns and second round pick in the 2012 NHL Entry Draft.


title: Nickelodeon on CBS

paragraphs: Nick on CBS was a Saturday morning children's programming block for CBS that began on September 16, 2000, replacing CBS Kidshow. This Saturday morning block presented programming from Nick Jr., which at a time shared common ownership with CBS under Viacom. When the block first properly aired, it was hosted by Face from Nick Jr.

paragraphs: On September 14, 2002, "Nick Jr. on CBS" was re-branded as Nick on CBS, and airing both Nickelodeon and Nick Jr. shows. The Nickelodeon shows were removed in 2005 in favor for a return to an exclusively-Nick Jr. block. The block's continuity was provided by segments featuring Piper O'Possum.

paragraphs: At the beginning of New Year's Eve 2005, Viacom split into two different companies, with CBS Corporation becoming its own standalone company and Nickelodeon going to new Viacom. "Nick Jr. on CBS" ended on September 9, 2006 and was replaced by "KOL Secret Slumber Party on CBS" on September 16, 2006, as part of a multi-year partnership between CBS and Cookie Jar Entertainment.

paragraphs: All programming during the block, as is standard for Saturday morning network programming, was labelled as meeting E/I requirements, as tennous as some of the claims of educational content may have been. This is part of the reason why some of Nickelodeon's most popular programs (most notably "SpongeBob SquarePants" and "The Fairly OddParents") did not appear on the block, even during the more open-formatted "Nick on CBS" era.


title: Jackie Cooper

paragraphs: Jackie Cooper (September 15, 1922 – May 3, 2011) was an American actor, television director and producer. He started working as a child actor. He died in a Beverly Hills Hospital after a sudden illness.

paragraphs: He was born in Los Angeles in 1922 as John Cooper, Jr. As a child, he appeared in the "Our Gang" television series as "Skippy". In 1931, at the age of nine, he was nominated for a "Best Actor" Academy Award. He became the youngest actor ever nominated for Best Actor. He was best known later in life as the Daily Planet editor Perry White in the Superman movies of the 1970s and 80s.


title: Black and Tans

paragraphs: The Black and Tans was a group of soldiers who suppressed the revolution in Ireland from 1920 to 1921. It was mainly made of British veterans from World War I. They were called the Black and Tans because of the light khaki trousers and black/dark green tunics that they wore. Its main purpose was to target the Irish Republican Army. However, it also did many attacks on the Irish civilian population.


title: Cape Helles

paragraphs: Cape Helles is a rocky area at the south-westernmost end of the Gallipoli peninsula, Turkey. It was the scene of fighting between Turkish and British troops during the Gallipoli Campaign, 1915. It is now the site a memorial for this campaign.


title: Katerina Kazelis

paragraphs: Katerina Kazelis (4 March 1977 in Malmö, Sweden) is a Swedish singer and Big Brother 2011 housemate of Serbian and Greek origin. Before entering the Big Brother house on February 20, 2011 she was a school teacher. Kazelis has been nominated each week except for two when she won immunity after winning a Big Brother task, however, she also survived each elimination round since week one in the house. On May 8, Kazelis was evicted from the Big Brother house.

paragraphs: Kazelis has become the most talked about housemate of the 2011 season of the show after several outburst and also her outspoken ways about her fellow housemates.

paragraphs: On June 6, Kazelis released her first music single called "Make You One Of Mine", during Nyhetsmorgon on TV4 the same day Kazelis revealed that a music video had been made and that she will release her debut music album later in 2011.


title: Parabola

paragraphs: The parabola (from the Greek παραβολή) is a type of curve. Menaechmus (380–320 BC) discovered the parabola, and Apollonius of Perga (262 BC–c190 BC) first named it.

paragraphs: A parabola is a conic section. If a cone is dissected by a plane which is parallel to one of the surfaces of the cone, the result is a parabola. The point where the parabola reaches its maximum or minimum is called the "vertex." At this point the curvature of the parabola is greatest.

paragraphs: Each parabola has a focal point. Any ray that enters the parabola and is parallel to the axis of symmetry will pass through this point after being reflected by the curve. Because of this fact, parabolas are important in devices such as satellite dishes, or magnifying mirrors. Parabolas are often used to approximate curves that are more difficult to model by themselves.

paragraphs: Every parabola uses the equation formula_1, where formula_2, formula_3 and formula_4 are constants, and formula_2 is not equal to formula_6.


title: Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation

paragraphs: The Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (abbreviated to GHMC) is an urban planning agency that oversees Hyderabad, India. The Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation is also the local government for the City of Hyderabad.


title: Nizam of Hyderabad

paragraphs: Nizam was the title of the native sovereigns of Hyderabad State, India, since 1719. They belonged to the Asaf Jahi dynasty. The dynasty was founded by Mir Qamar-ud-Din Siddiqi, a viceroy of the Deccan under the Mughal emperors from 1713 to 1721. After Aurangzeb's death in 1707, the Mughal Empire fell apart and the viceroy in Hyderabad said he was independent. From 1798 Hyderabad was one of the princely states of British India, but it kept local control.

paragraphs: Seven Nizams ruled Hyderabad for two centuries until Indian independence in 1947. The Asaf Jahi rulers used money to support free Education, literature, architecture, art, culture and cuisine. The Nizams ruled the state until September 1948 after independence from the British.

paragraphs: The Nizams of Hyderabad were of Turkic and Hadhrami Arab Descent. They are descendants of the first Khalifa of Islam, Abu Bakr.

paragraphs: Nizām-ul-mulk was a title first used in Urdu around 1600. It comes from the Arabic word, nizām (), meaning "order, arrangement". The Nizam was also called Ala Hadrat, Ala Hazrat, or "Nizam Sarkar".

paragraphs: The first Nizam ruled in place of the Mughal emperors. After Aurangzeb died, the Mughal empire collapsed. So, the Nizams created an independent kingdom (Hyderabad). When the British got power over India, the Nizams continued to rule Kingdom of Hyderabad after coming into an understanding with the British. The Nizams had power in Hyderabad State until 17 September 1948. Hyderabad then became part of the new Indian Union.

paragraphs: The Asaf Jah dynasty had only seven rulers. However, for 13 years after the rule of the first Nizam, three of his sons (Nasir Jung, Muzafar Jung and Salabath Jung) ruled. They were not officially recognized as rulers.

paragraphs: A legend about the first Nizam says that on one of his hunting trips he was offered some kulchas (an Indian bread) by a holy man. He asked the Nizam to eat as many as he could. The Nizam ate seven kulchas and the holy man predicted that seven generations of his family would rule the state.

paragraphs: By tradition, no Nizam has ever left India, even if there was good a reason.

paragraphs: Hyderabad did not join the first war of Indian Independence of 1857 against the British. Therefore the Royal Family had the special, official status of "Faithful Ally" with Britain.

paragraphs: The Nizams commissioned engineering projects such as large reservoirs like Osman Sagar and Himayat Sagar. Survey work on the Nagarjuna Sagar Dam was also initiated during this time.

paragraphs: Other landmarks like the Andhra Pradesh High Court, Jubilee Hall, Asafia library, The Assembly building, the Osmania Arts College and the Osmania Medical College are some of their important buildings.

paragraphs: The Nizams liked the European style of architecture and created a fusion of European traditions with Hindu and Islamic forms and images.

paragraphs: After the British left India in 1947, the princely state of Hyderabad did not join either of the new dominions of India or Pakistan. The Indian army entered Hyderabad from four sides defeated Hyderabad Nizams army and the independent razakaars. The Nizam's rule ended on 17 September 1948. His soldiers surrendered to Indian govt.

paragraphs: All Nizams are buried in the royal graves at the Makkah Masjid near Charminar in Hyderabad. Only the last Nizam, Mir Osman Ali Khan is buried in a different place. His mausoleum is in the Judi Mosque facing King Kothi Palace.

paragraphs: "The Days of the Beloved" Harriet Ronken Lynton and Mohini Rajan, Berkeley University Press


title: Christian Schwegler

paragraphs: Christian Schwegler (born 6 June 1984 in Ettiswil) is a Swiss footballer. He plays for Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga as defender.

paragraphs: He started with FC Luzern in the Swiss Challenge League (2nd division) and went on to Arminia Bielefeld in Germany but after one half of the season he went back to Switzerland. There he played for BSC Young Boys Bern. In 2009 he signed with FC Red Bull Salzburg where he played regularly as right defender. He is known for his long throw-ins (up to 35 meters).During the match versus SV Mattersburg on 27th March 2010 he shot his first goal for Salzburg. In the first half of the 2010/11 season he was injured and could not play the rest of the year.

paragraphs: Christian Schwegler has a younger brother who is also a professional footballer playing for Eintracht Frankfurt in the German Bundesliga.


title: Chien-Ming Wang

paragraphs: Chien-Ming Wang (born March 31, 1980) is a Taiwanese Major League Baseball player. He plays for the Cincinnati Reds. He is a pitcher. Before he played for the Nationals, Wang played for the New York Yankees. He got 19 wins in the year of 2006 and 2007 and became the first Asian to be the win champion.

paragraphs: However, after his injury in 2008, he started to pitch horribly as he attained an era of 9.64 along with 1 win and 6 losses in the 2009 season. He then got injured again and the New York Yankees did not renew his contract after. He became a free agent.

paragraphs: In 2010, the Washington Nationals signed Wang and helped him recover from his injuries. He did not attend any games in this season.

paragraphs: Wang pitched his first game on July 29, 2011 and ended the season with 11 starts, recorded 4–3 with a 4.04 ERA.

paragraphs: On March 15, 2012, Wang was once again injured. When he recovered, his starting position has been replaced by Ross Detwiler and he pitched as a relief pitcher and sometimes a starter pitcher. But he still did not do well this season.


title: Fiat Seicento

paragraphs: The Fiat Seicento is a car produced by Fiat. It replaced the Fiat Cinquecento in 1998. It was replaced by the new Fiat 500 in 2007, but production of the Seicento continues until 2010.


title: Shiogama, Miyagi

paragraphs: Shiogama is in the central part of Miyagi Prefecture. It is between Sendai and Matsushima. The city is surrounded by water and mountains: Matsushima Bay is on one side and Matsushima Hills on the other.

paragraphs: The flat areas of the city are mainly reclaimed land. About 60 percent of the urban area is on reclaimed land and 40 percent on hills. People living in the town are crowded into a narrow area. Not much land is good for stripmalls.

paragraphs: The Japanese language has several writing systems. One of them is kanji. Different kanji may have the same pronunciation. Some kanji are similar in form and meaning. There are two ways to write the name of the city. Both ways have the basic meaning "a pot for boiling salt". Both sound the same, but have slightly different meanings.

paragraphs: One way is to write 塩釜. The other way is 塩竈. The first way to write the city name is often used, such as on the post office, train station, many brand names, and on signs.

paragraphs: The second way comes from the history and an important landmark in the city. Shiogama shrine is at the top of a hill in the city. It is an important Shinto shrine in the Tohoku region. The city got its name from the shrine, but the shrine is written 鹽竈神社. The first character, 鹽, is an old character for salt. It has been replaced in the list of kanji for general use by a simpler character, 塩. The second character, 竈, or kamado/kama, means a large cooking area made of earth. The newer name uses 釜, which means an iron pot.


title: Business alliance

paragraphs: A business alliance is an agreement between businesses, most of the time to help lower cost and improve service for the customer. Alliances are often connected by an agreement with shared risk and opportunity for all business involved. They are usually managed by a project team. An example of this is "code sharing" in airline alliances.

paragraphs: There are five basic types of alliances:


title: Peace Sells

paragraphs: "Peace Sells" is a song by the American thrash metal band Megadeth from the 1986 album "Peace Sells... but Who's Buying?", written by Dave Mustaine. It, along with Wake Up Dead from the same album, has been a staple at Megadeth concerts. Lyrically, it deals with negative stereotypes about "metalheads", all of which Mustaine claims are untrue. VH1 has ranked "Peace Sells" at #11 on their list of the 40 greatest metal songs of all time.

paragraphs: Music video was produced for the song, which features a teenage boy, wearing a Slayer t-shirt, watching a montage of a live Megadeth performance and war footage on his living room television set. The boy's father, states "What is this garbage you're watching? I want to watch the news!," and changes the television channel to a news station using the remote control. His son, replying with "This "is" the news!," changes it back to the Megadeth performance using the TV set's channel knob. This part of the video was parodied by comedian Brian Posehn in his "Metal by Numbers" video. The beginning of the video also showed the explosion of the original low-cost skull used on the previous album Killing Is My Business... and Business Is Good!


title: A Philosopher Lecturing on the Orrery

paragraphs: A Philosopher Lecturing on the Orrery is an 18th-century oil painting by Joseph Wright of Derby. The painting shows a teacher talking about the sun and planets to his class. Wright later created his similar "An Experiment on a Bird in the Air Pump" (National Gallery, London) in 1768.

paragraphs: Wright's "The Orrery", caused a great debate, because in the past, only religious events were used to express awe. Wright used science to do so. In an age of much new technology, he treated religious events and scientific miracles. In the orrery demonstration, the shadows created by the lamp mimic the sun, and it is a part of the display of heliocentrism. He used a single candle to make his painting dramatic. In two later paintings, the lighting is normal.

paragraphs: One person called Wright "a very great and uncommon genius in a peculiar way". "The Orrery" was painted without payment. Wright expected that Washington Shirley, 5th Earl Ferrers, an amateur astronomer, will buy the painting, because Shirley had his own orrery, and Wright's friend Peter Perez Burdett was staying with him. Figures are considered to be portraits of Burdett and Ferrers. In the picture, Burdett is taking notes and Ferrers is seated with his son next to the orrery. Ferrers purchased the painting for £210, but the 6th Earl sold it at an auction. It is now held by Derby Museum and Art Gallery as its permanent display.

paragraphs: Some people say that John Whitehurst was the model for the teacher. However, other people say the figure is similar to "a painting of Isaac Newton by Godfrey Kneller".


title: Frankfurt Parliament

paragraphs: The Frankfurt Parliament (, literally "Frankfurt National Assembly") was the first freely elected parliament for all of Germany. Session was held from May 18, 1848 to May 31, 1849 in the Paulskirche, Frankfurt|Paulskirche at Frankfurt am Main. It was elected during the "March Revolution" in the states of the German Confederation.

paragraphs: The assembly produced the so-called Paulskirche Constitution () which proclaimed a German Empire based on the principles of parliamentary democracy. This constitution fulfilled the main demands of the liberal and nationalist movements of the Vormärz and provided a foundation of human rights. The parliament also proposed a constitutional monarchy headed by a hereditary emperor ("Kaiser"). The Prussian king Friedrich Wilhelm IV did not accept the office of emperor when it was offered to him. He argued such an offer was an offence against the rights of the princes of the individual German states. In the 20th century, however, major elements of the Frankfurt constitution became models for the Weimar Constitution of 1919 and the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany of 1949.


title: Frederick William IV of Prussia

paragraphs: King Frederick William IV of Prussia () (15 October 1795 – 2 January 1861) was the eldest son and successor of Frederick William III of Prussia. He reigned as King of Prussia from 1840 to 1861.

paragraphs: Frederick William was educated by private tutors. He served in the army during the War of Liberation against Napoleon I of France in 1814, but he was not interested in the army. He loved both architecture and landscape gardening and was a patron of several great German artists, such as architect Karl Friedrich Schinkel and the composer Felix Mendelssohn. He married Elisabeth Ludovika of Bavaria in 1823, but the couple had no children.

paragraphs: Frederick William was Romanticist, and had a nostalgia for the Middle Ages, therefore he was conservative already at an early age. He was against both liberalisation and unification of Germany and preferred to allow Austria to remain the first power in the German states.

paragraphs: In the beginning of his reign he did not continue the reactionary policies of his father, he reduced press censorship and promised a constitution, but he did not want a popular legislative assembly, but preferred to work with the aristocracy. He was Lutheran, but he released the imprisoned Roman Catholic Archbishop of Cologne, and he decided to help the construction of Cologne Cathedral. In 1844, he attended the celebrations of the completion of the cathedral, so he was the first king of Prussia who entered a Roman Catholic building. When he finally called a national assembly in 1847, it was not a representative body, but rather a United Diet which cold speak for all the provincial estates and had the right to grant taxes and loans but no right to meet at regular intervals.

paragraphs: When revolution broke out in Prussia in March 1848, as part of the European Revolutions of 1848, the king initially decided to fight it with the army, but later decided to recall the troops and place himself at the head of the movement on 19 March. He committed himself to German unification, formed a liberal government, accepted a national assembly, and ordered that a Constitution of the Kingdom of Prussia should be drawn up. When his position was more secure again, however, he quickly led the army to reoccupy Berlin and dissolved the assembly in December. But he was still in favour of unification for some time. So the Frankfurt Parliament offered him the crown of Germany on 3 April 1849. He did not accept it, but he tried to establish a union of German states excluding Austria. But rather soon after gave up this plan, when Austria did not accept it.

paragraphs: When he had dismissed the national assembly, Frederick William decided to have a constitution with a parliament with two chambers, an aristocratic upper house and an elected lower house. The lower house was elected by all taxpayers, but in a system that was based on the amount of taxes paid so that the rich had more influence than the poor. The constitution also reserved for the king the power to appoint all ministers and reestablished the conservative district assemblies and provincial diets. And it guaranteed that the bureaucracy and the military remained firmly in the hands of the king. This was a more liberal system than had existed in Prussia before 1848, but was still a conservative system of government in which the monarch, the aristocracy, and the military kept most of the power. This constitution lasted until the end of the Prussian kingdom in 1918.

paragraphs: After a stroke in 1857 the king was partially paralyzed and largely mentally weak, therefore his brother William became regent from 1858 until the king's death in 1861, then he became king himself as William I.

paragraphs: Frederick William IV of Prussia: "Die Königin von Borneo. Ein Roman." Nicolai-Verlag, Berlin 1997,


title: Honeydew (melon)

paragraphs: Honeydew, also known as Honey Melon, is a type of melon in the cultivar group muskmelon. "Cucumis melo" Inodorus group, which includes crenshaw, casaba, Persian, winter, and other mixed melons.


title: Angkor Wat

paragraphs: Angkor Wat is a temple complex at Angkor, Cambodia, built for the Hindu king Suryavarman II in the early 12th century as his state temple and capital city. Before long it became a Buddhist site. It is the world's largest religious building. Angkor fell into decline after the 14th Century.


title: Paranthropus robustus

paragraphs: Paranthropus robustus was originally discovered in Southern Africa in 1938. The development of P. robustus, namely in cranial features, seemed to be aimed in the direction of a "heavy-chewing complex". Because of the definitive traits that are associated with this robust line of australopithecine, anthropologist Robert Broom erected the genus "Paranthropus" and placed this species into it.


title: Australopithecus garhi

paragraphs: Australopithecus garhi is a gracile australopithecine species discovered in Ethiopia. The remains of this hominin are believed to be a human ancestor species, and perhaps the ancestor of the human genus "Homo". The fossils were found in 1996 in the Bouri Formation. This is in the Middle Awash of Ethiopia's Afar Depression.

paragraphs: Some primitive shaped stone tool artifacts closely resembling Olduwan technology were discovered with the "A. garhi" fossils, dating back roughly 2.5 and 2.6 million years old. The tools are thought to be older than those found with "Homo habilis", which may be a direct ancestor of more modern hominins.

paragraphs: For a long time anthropologists assumed that only members of early genus "Homo" had the ability to produce sophisticated tools. At another site in Bouri, Ethiopia, roughly 3,000 stone artifacts had been found to be about 2.5 million years old in age. "Australopithecus garhi" may have been the species responsible for making and using these earliest stone tools.


title: Alexander Sulzer

paragraphs: Alexander Sulzer (born May 30, 1984) is a German professional ice hockey defenceman currently playing for Düsseldorfer EG of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL). Sulzer has also played in the NHL for the Nashville Predators, Florida Panthers, Vancouver Canucks, Buffalo Sabres and the DEL for the Hamburg Freezers and DEG Metro Stars. He was traded to the Florida Panthers on February 25, 2011 for a conditional draft pick in the 2011 NHL Draft.


title: World Nuclear Industry Status Report

paragraphs: The World Nuclear Industry Status Report is a yearly report about the global challenges facing the nuclear power industry. The reports show that the share of nuclear-generated electricity in the overall global energy production has decreased in the 2000s. Nuclear power now accounts for about 13 percent of the world’s electricity generation and 5.5 percent of primary energy.

paragraphs: The "World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2010-2011" is authored by Mycle Schneider, Antony Froggatt, and Steve Thomas and published by the Washington-based Worldwatch Institute. The foreword is written by Amory Lovins.

paragraphs: According to the report, the international nuclear power industry has been unable to stop the slow decline of nuclear energy. The world’s reactor fleet is aging quickly and not enough new units are coming online. As of April 1, 2011, there were 437 nuclear reactors operating in the world, which was seven fewer than in 2002. The Olkiluoto plant has had particular problems:

paragraphs: The flagship EPR project at Olkiluoto in Finland, managed by the largest nuclear builder in the world, AREVA NP, has turned into a financial fiasco. The project is four years behind schedule and at least 90 percent over budget, reaching a total cost estimate of €5.7 billion ($8.3 billion) or close to €3,500 ($5,000) per kilowatt.

paragraphs: The report says that the Fukushima I nuclear accidents have made things more difficult for nuclear energy. There is "no obvious sign that the international nuclear industry could eventually turn empirically evident downward trend into a promising future", and the Fukushima nuclear disaster is likely to accelerate the decline. With long lead times of 10 years and more, it will be difficult to maintain, let alone increase, the number of operating nuclear power plants over the next 20 years. Moreover, says the report, it is clear that nuclear power development cannot keep up with the pace of renewable energy commercialization.


title: Cowboys from Hell

paragraphs: Cowboys from Hell is Pantera's fifth album and their first Atco Records album. It was recorded at The Dallas Sound Lab in Irving, Texas and released on July 24, 1990. This was their first commercially successful album, exposing the band's groove metal style to mainstream audiences.


title: Mycle Schneider

paragraphs: Mycle Schneider (born 1959 in Cologne) is a German energy consultant, and lead author of "The World Nuclear Industry Status Reports". In 1997 he received the Right Livelihood Award.

paragraphs: Mycle Schneider is a nuclear energy expert based in Paris who has been adviser to members of the European Parliament on energy issues for more than 20 years. From 1998 to 2003, Schneider advised on energy policy for the French environment minister's office and the Belgian minister for energy and sustainable development. Since 2000 he has been a consultant on nuclear issues to the German environment ministry. He has also provided energy consulting for the International Atomic Energy Agency.

paragraphs: Schneider is a member of the International Panel on Fissile Materials, and the nuclear non-proliferation group Independent Group of Scientific Experts (IGSE), which is based at Hamburg University. Since 2004 he has overseen the Environment and Energy Strategies lecture series for the Environmental and Energy Engineering Program at the French École des Mines in Nantes.

paragraphs: In 1997, along with Jinzaburo Takagi, Schneider received the Right Livelihood Award “... for serving to alert the world to the unparalleled dangers of plutonium to human life.”

paragraphs: Schneider writes many publications on the safety and economic trends of the nuclear industry. He is co-editor of the 2009 book "International Perspectives on Energy Policy and the Role of Nuclear Power". His World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2009 was published by the German government. Schneider and Antony Froggatt wrote the "Systems for Change" report for the Heinrich Böll Foundation in 2010. Also in 2010, Schneider wrote a chapter in the book "Nuclear Power’s Global Expansion: Weighing Its Costs and Risks". He has commented extensively on the implications of the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster.


title: Attempted Italian colonization of America

paragraphs: An attempted Italian colonization in America was done in 1608 by the Grand Duke of Tuscany, Ferdinando I.

paragraphs: The Italian colonization of the Americas was limited to an aborted attempt by the Grand Duke of Tuscany to create a colony in South America in the early 1600s.

paragraphs: In 1608, Ferdinando the First of Tuscany organized an expedition under captain Robert Thornton, in order to explore northern Brazil and the Amazon river and prepare for the establishment of a settlement in northern coastal South America, which would serve as a base to export Brazilian wood to Renaissance Italy.

paragraphs: Ferdinando the First, Grand Duke of Tuscany, oversaw the only Italian attempt to create a colony in the Americas.

paragraphs: When Thornton returned to Tuscany a year later, he found Ferdinando I dead, and his successor Cosimo II uninterested in the establishment of a colony. Thornton was ready to sail back to the area between the rivers Orinoco and Amazon in the summer of 1609 with Italian settlers from Livorno and Lucca, but the project was scrapped.

paragraphs: Thornton's galleon 'Santa Lucia' returned to Italy in 1609 with plenty of information (after exploring the area between Trinidad island and the delta of the Amazon river), some indigenous natives of the Americas and a few tropical parrots.

paragraphs: He brought back with him to Tuscany five Arawak natives, most of whom died of smallpox. Only one lived on at the Medici court for several years, and learned to speak Italian. These natives often talked about the richness and fertility of their native land, speaking of a country rich in silver and gold. Thornton himself corroborated these reports, and asserted that the country was rich in rosewood, wild sugar canes, white pepper, balsam, cotton and many other kinds of merchandise which would form an abundant commerce for the Tuscans.

paragraphs: The area that Thornton considered as a possible site of an Italian colony now lies in modern French Guyana, near Cayenne, which would be colonised by France in 1630.

paragraphs: The Italians never created real colonies in the Americas, and only made territorial colonies in other areas of the world mainly after their political unification in the 19th century.

paragraphs: Many Italians (and similarly Germans) moved to America to live under other flags and created the settlements of emigrants, sometimes called called "colonies". Those settlements where made by groups of Italian emigrants who settled together in the same place and around the same time, founding a settlement that still exists today in many cases.

paragraphs: That was the first Italian settlement of this kind made in Venezuela by Luigi Castelli, who wanted to settle in the late 1830s Italian emigrants from Tuscany in the same area where a few years later German emigrants settled and created the "Colonia Tovar" (unluckily their ship sank in the Mediterranean).

paragraphs: Many of these Italian settlements were created in the second half of the 19th century, mainly in Uruguay, Argentina, Chile, Mexico and the Southern and Southeastern regions of Brazil (Sao Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul).

paragraphs: In most of those settlements the Italian language (and dialects) is still spoken today: like in "Capitán Pastene" of Chile, in "Chipilo" of Mexico or in "Nova Veneza" of Santa Catarina (where it is spoken the "Talian" of Brasil).

paragraphs: None of these settlements are related to the Italian colonial empire of the 20th century.


title: Caesars Palace

paragraphs: Caesars Palace is a luxury hotel and casino on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. Caesars Palace is owned and operated by Caesars Entertainment Corp. Caesars is on the west side of the Strip, between the Bellagio and the Mirage.

paragraphs: Caesars has 3,960 rooms. There are five towers in the hotel: Augustus, Centurion, Roman, Palace, Octavius and Forum. The Forum tower features guest suites with of space. It is the only venue in Las Vegas to host a World Series of Poker Circuit Event.

paragraphs: Caesars offers additional attractions including:


title: Ukrainian Americans

paragraphs: A Ukrainian American is a citizen of the United States with ancestors from Ukraine. There have been Ukrainian people living in North America since the early 1600s. There are about one million Ukrainian Americans and many live in the North East and the West of the United States, in states like New York, Pennsylvania, California, New Jersey, Illinois and Washington.


title: Homo cepranensis

paragraphs: Homo cepranensis is a proposed name for a human species, known from only one skull cap discovered in 1994. The fossil was discovered by archeologist Italo Biddittu and was nicknamed "Ceprano Man" after a nearby town in the province of Frosinone, 89 kilometers Southeast of Rome, Italy.

paragraphs: The age of the fossil is estimated to be between 350,000 to 500,000 years old.[3] An adjacent site, Fontana Ranuccio, was dated to 487,000 +/- 6000 years and Muttoni et al. suggest that Ceprano is most likely 450,000 years old. The cranial features on the bone seem to be intermediate between those found on "Homo erectus" and those of later species such as "Homo heidelbergensis" which dominated Europe long before "Homo neanderthalensis". There is yet not enough material to make a complete analysis of the individual.


title: Homo antecessor

paragraphs: Homo antecessor is an extinct human species dating from 1.2 million to 800,000 years ago, that was discovered by Eudald Carbonell, Juan Luis Arsuaga and J. M. Bermúdez de Castro. "H. antecessor" is one of the earliest known human varieties in Europe.

paragraphs: The best-preserved fossil is a maxilla that belonged to a 10-year-old individual found in Atapuerca, Spain. At the site were numerous examples of cuts where the flesh had been flensed from the bones, which indicates that "H. antecessor" could have practised cannibalism.


title: Right Livelihood Award

paragraphs: The Right Livelihood Award, widely known as the Alternative Nobel Prize, is a major international award to honour those "working on practical and exemplary solutions to the most urgent challenges facing the world today". The prize was started in 1980 by Jakob von Uexkull, and is presented each year in early December. An international jury, invited by the five regular Right Livelihood Award board members, decides the awards in such fields as environmental protection, human rights, sustainable development, health, education, and peace. The prize money is shared among the winners, usually numbering four, and is EUR 200,000.

paragraphs: The prize has been awarded to a diverse group of people and organisations, including Mycle Schneider, Amory Lovins, Astrid Lindgren, Bianca Jagger, Mordechai Vanunu, and Petra Kelly.


title: Dorothy Wise

paragraphs: Dorothy Wise (1914–1995) is an American professional pool player. She was born in Spokane, Washington. When she first started playing pool professionally, there were very few national tournaments for women. She won many local and state tournaments, so she called herself the world champion. The first national tournament for women happened in 1967. She won and kept winning for the next five years. She lost the title in 1972. She played in the final against 13-year-old Jean Balukas.

paragraphs: She became a member of the Billiard Congress of America Hall of Fame in 1981. She was the first woman to be made a member.

paragraphs: Dorothy learned to play pool from her husband, Jimmy Wise. He managed billiard parlors (where people play pool) in several cities around the western United States. He watched Dorothy win the first national championship in 1967, but died later that year.


title: Joe Balsis

paragraphs: Joe Balsis was an American professional pool player. He was born in Minnersville, Pennsylvania. He was Armed Services Champion in 1944. Between 1965 and 1975 Balsis was in the finals of the U.S. Open five times. He won in 1968 and 1974. He won the Billiard Room Proprietor's Association tournament in 1965 and the World All-Around championship in Johnston City, Illinois in 1966. He is a member of the Billiard Congress of America Hall of Fame.


title: Rudolph Wanderone

paragraphs: Rudolph Wanderone (January 19, 1913 – January 15, 1996) was an American professional pool player. He never won a world championship.

paragraphs: His first nickname was "Brooklyn Fats" and then "New York Fats." Wanderone named himself "Minnesota Fats" after the character in the movie "The Hustler". Wanderone was the host of a national television show, "Celebrity Billiards," during the 1960s. He is a member of the Billiard Congress of America Hall of Fame.


title: Steve Mizerak

paragraphs: Steve Mizerak (October 12, 1944, in Perth Amboy, New Jersey, USA – May 29, 2006) was an American professional pool player. He was a world champion during the 1970s and early 1980s. He won the U.S. Open four times: each year from 1970 to 1973. He also won the PPPA World Open title in 1982 and 1983. In 1986, he was in the movie "The Color of Money". He is a member of the Billiard Congress of America Hall of Fame.


title: Gelug

paragraphs: The Gelug or Gelug-pa, is a school of Tibetan Buddhism founded by Je Tsongkhapa (1357–1419), a philosopher and Tibetan religious leader. The first monastery he established was at Ganden, and to this day the Ganden Tripa is the nominal head of the school, though its most famous person is the Dalai Lama. There are others Gelug Masters, like Trijang Rinpoche and Ling Rinpoche.

paragraphs: Tsongkhapa was a big promoter of the Kadampa (Bka'-gdams-pa) teachings and the mahāyāna principle of universal compassion as the fundamental spiritual orientation. He combined this with a strong emphasis on the cultivation of in-depth insight into the doctrine of emptiness as taught by the Indian masters Nāgārjuna (2nd century) and Candrakīrti (7th century). Tsongkhapa said that these two aspects of the spiritual path, compassion and insight into wisdom, must be rooted in a big wish for liberation driven by a genuine sense of renunciation. He called these the "Three Principal Aspects of the Path", and said that it is on the basis of these three that one must embark on the profound path of vajrayāna Buddhism.

paragraphs: The central teachings of the Gelug School are the Stages of the Path ("lamrim"), based on the teachings of the Indian master Atiśa (c. 11th century) and the systematic cultivation of the view of emptiness. This is combined with the yogas of highest yoga tantra deities such as Guhyasamāja, Cakrasaṃvara, Yamāntaka and Kālacakra, where the key focus is the direct experience of the union of bliss and emptiness.


title: Audie Murphy

paragraphs: Audie Leon Murphy (June 20, 1925 in Kingston, Hunt County, Texas – May 28, 1971 Brush Mountain near Roanoke, Virginia), was an American actor and military person who fought during World War II. He was given the Medal of Honor.

paragraphs: Murphy was of Irish descent. His was the son of Berry Emmett Murphy and Josie Bell Killian. He grew up on farms near Farmersville and Greenville, Texas. When his father left the family, Audie stopped his studies at primary school in fifth grade to help support his family.

paragraphs: Murphy joined the Army in 1942. His first assignment was being sent to Morocco as a replacement in the 3rd Platoon in 1943. Audie Murphy was very good in several battles. In Italy, his abilities as a combat infantryman earned him promotions and decorations for his heroism. After being wounded in combat, Murphy was removed from the battlefield and promoted to Lieutenant. The Lieutenant General Alexander Patch, commander of the Army, gave him the Medal of Honor. Audie Murphy also received 33 U.S. medals for his courage and heroism in battle.

paragraphs: Audie Murphy began his acting career in 1948, in the comedy movie "Texas, Brooklyn & Heaven". It was directed by William Castle. Murphy has been one of the best known Hollywood actors in westerns movies. He played the role the legendary "Billy the Kid" in "The Kid from Texas" (1950) directed by Kurt Neumann, and then playing another legend Jesse James in "Kansas Raiders" (1950), by Ray Enright. His greatest successes were Westerns was "The Duel at Silver Creek" (1952), by Don Siegel, "Gunsmoke" (1953) and "Drums Across the River" (1954) directed by Nathan Juran, "Destry" (1954) and "The Guns of Fort Petticoat" (1957) directed by George Marshall, "Night Passage" (1957) with James Stewart, "The Unforgiven" (1960) with Burt Lancaster, "Gunfight at Comanche Creek" (1963) one of his best movies. Murphy also had a television series "Whispering Smith" (1961). In it he played the role of Tom 'Whispering' Smith, for 26 episodes of the TV Western.

paragraphs: Another of his great works for the movies were war movies, such as "To Hell and Back" (1955) by Jesse Hibbs. It was a biography of his story during World War II.


title: 6-plus-6-instruments

paragraphs: 6-plus-6-instruments are musical instruments having each 12 tones. Their keys or cords are in two rows. In each row the tone distance is a whole-tone distance. The distance between both rows is a half-tone distance. So there is the same fingering in all 6 scales where the base tone is in the same row. If there is a third row, which is the same like the first row, there is the same fingering in all 12 scales, e. g. on a piano with a Janko keyboard.


title: Belper

paragraphs: Belper is a town on the A6 road, in Derbyshire, England. In 2001 there were 20,548 people living in Belper.


title: Oakham

paragraphs: Oakham is a town in Rutland, England. In 2001 there were 9,975 people living in Oakham.


title: Melton Mowbray

paragraphs: Melton Mowbray is a town in Leicestershire, England. It's Market days date back over 1000 years.


title: Sleaford

paragraphs: Sleaford is a town in Lincolnshire, England. In 2001, 14,494 people lived in Sleaford.


title: Coalville

paragraphs: Coalville is a town near the M1 motorway in Leicestershire, England. Coalville only dates back 175 years.


title: Rugeley

paragraphs: Rugeley (pronounced "Rooj-lee") is a market town in Staffordshire in the West Midlands of England. It is 7.9 miles (12.7 km) north of the cathedral city of Lichfield and 9.8 miles (15.8 km) southeast of Stafford, the county town. The 2011 census revealed that just over 24,000 people live in Rugeley.

paragraphs: It is on the north-eastern edge of Cannock Chase and is next to the River Trent.

paragraphs: The Trent & Mersey Canal flows through the town.

paragraphs: Although the town is in Staffordshire, it is in the Walsall postcode area, a town in the West Midlands, and the WS15 postcode district.

paragraphs: The town has two railway stations, Rugeley Town and Rugeley Trent Valley. Rugeley Trent Valley is on the West Coast Main Line and provides long-distance trains to London, Birmingham and Crewe. Rugeley Town is on the Chase Line and provides direct local trains to Walsall and Birmingham.

paragraphs: Rugeley used to have its own newspaper, the "Rugeley Times". It was published from Bow Street in the town. However, the paper was sold to the Staffordshire Newsletter.


title: Swaffham

paragraphs: Swaffham is a town on the A1065 road in Breckland District, Norfolk, England. In 2001 there were 6,935 people living in Swaffham.


title: Cromer

paragraphs: Cromer is a town in Norfolk, England. In 2001 there were 7,749 people living in Cromer.


title: Bridlington

paragraphs: Bridlington is a town in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. In 2001 there were 33,837 people living in Bridlington.


title: Wicki-Hayden note layout

paragraphs: In music, the Wicki-Hayden note layout has the same advantage over the traditional keyboard layout as the 6-plus-6-system: There is the same fingering in all 12 scales. It is used for the Hayden duet concertina. Kaspar Wicki patented it in 1896 in Switzerland. Brian Hayden, a concertina player, refined this layout and patented it again in 1986 in Great Britain.


title: Concertina

paragraphs: A concertina is a musical instrument that makes sounds using air pushed and pulled through reeds using a bellows. The fingers push buttons at both ends of the instrument.

paragraphs: The Anglo concertina has the bass notes at the left side and makes other tones pushing than pulling a button.

paragraphs: The English concertina makes the same tone pushing and pulling a button.

paragraphs: The duet concertinas have the bass notes at the left side and make the same tone pushing and pulling a button.

paragraphs: The Hayden duet concertina has the same fingering for all scales. It has a shifted 6-plus-6 keyboard layout.


title: Army of the Pharaohs

paragraphs: Army of the Pharaohs is a hip-hop supergroup from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The supergroup was formed in 1998 by Jedi Mind Tricks' Vinnie Paz. Currently the group has 15 members.


title: Skullcandy

paragraphs: Skullcandy is an American company. It makes headphones and earphones. Skullcandy is a privately held company. It is based in Park City, Utah. It was founded in 2003 by Rick Alden.

paragraphs: Skullcandy sponsors professional athletes in snowboarding, skiing, skateboarding, wakeboarding, motocross, and biking. They are partners with the X Games, Zumiez Couch Tour, South by Southwest, and the Vans Warped Tour.


title: Amor Prohibido

paragraphs: Amor Prohibido () is the name of Selena's fifth studio album. "Amor Prohibido" is known as one of the biggest-selling Latin album of all time, being certified by the RIAA for shipping 2 million copies. The album had four number-one singles on the "Billboard" Hot Latin Tracks chart, the only Spanish album by a female to do so.

paragraphs: <small>Note that RIAA has launched its Oro y De Platino certification scheme for those albums the 50% of the content of which are in Spanish, initially, the award-levels for Oro y De Platino were: Gold=100,000 and Platinum=200,000. In February 2008, RIAA reduced the certification-award-levels for Oro y De Platino to Gold=50,000 and Platinum=100,000.

paragraphs: The Amor Prohibido Tour was the final concert tour for American singer Selena. The tour grossed over $60 million. In February 1995, Selena performed at the Houston Astrodome. She performed to the record-breaking audience of over 60,000 fans. This was more than country singers such as George Strait, Vince Gill and Reba McEntire.


title: Milden

paragraphs: Milden is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 106 people living in Milden. It has a church called St Peter.


title: Kersey

paragraphs: Kersey is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 349 people living in Kersey. It also includes Kersey Tye, Kersey Upland, Wicker Street Green and William’s Green.


title: Newton, Suffolk

paragraphs: Newton is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 497 people living in Newton.


title: Long Melford

paragraphs: Long Melford is a village and civil parish north of Sudbury in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 3,433 people living in Long Melford.


title: Lindsey

paragraphs: Lindsey is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 187 people living in Lindsey.


title: Polstead

paragraphs: Polstead is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 808 people living in Polstead. It is famous for the Red Barn Murder that happened there in 1827. It includes the hamlets of Mill Street, Polstead Heath, Hadleigh Heath, Bower House Tye and Whitestreet Green.

paragraphs: The Red Barn Murder was a murder (killing) that happened in Polstead in 1827. A man named William Corder shot his lover, Maria Marten. The Red Barn was a local landmark. Marten and Corder were going to meet at the barn and then elope to (run away and get married) Ipswich. Corder ran away to London and married another woman. He sent Marten's family letters that said that Maria was happy and healthy.

paragraphs: Maria Marten's mother had dreams about the murder. In the dreams, Maria's ghost pointed to where she was buried in the barn. On April 19, 1828, Maria's body was found in a sack (a bag) in a bin for holding grain. The London police found Corder and arrested him. They also found two pistols that he had bought the day of the murder.

paragraphs: The trial started on August 7, 1828. It was held at Shire Hall in Bury St Edmunds. William Corder was charged with killing Maria Marten by shooting and stabbing her. He was also charged with forgery. There were a total of 9 charges. He pleaded not guilty.

paragraphs: The jury deliberated for only 35 minutes. ("Deliberating" is when the people in the jury talk and try to decide if the person is guilty or not guilty.) Corder was found guilty. He was sentenced to death by hanging. The judge ordered that after he was dead his body was to be dissected.

paragraphs: William Corder died on August 11, 1828 just before noon. He was hanged at the gallows in Bury St Edmunds. Many people showed up to see him die. One newspaper said there were 7,000 people who showed up. Another newspaper said there were 20,000. After he was dead, the body was taken back to the courtroom. More than 5,000 people came to the courtroom to see Corder's body. His body was dissected the next day. His skeleton was put on display in the Hunterian Museum at the Royal College of Surgeons of England. In 2004, it was taken down and cremated.


title: Great Waldingfield

paragraphs: Great Waldingfield is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 1,457 people living in Great Waldingfield.


title: Little Waldingfield

paragraphs: Little Waldingfield is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 350 people living in Little Waldingfield.


title: Assington

paragraphs: Assington is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 371 people living in Assington.


title: Chelsworth

paragraphs: Chelsworth is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, 146 people lived in Chelsworth.


title: Semer

paragraphs: Semer is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 158 people living in Semer.


title: Raydon

paragraphs: Raydon is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 487 people living in Raydon.


title: Freston, Suffolk

paragraphs: Freston is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 122 people living in Freston.


title: Hintlesham

paragraphs: Hintlesham is a village and civil parish on the A1071 road in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 564 people living in Hintlesham.


title: Higham, Babergh

paragraphs: Higham is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 132 people living in Higham.


title: Cliburn

paragraphs: Cliburn is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 204 people living in Cliburn. It has a church called St Cuthbert's Church.


title: Hitcham, Suffolk

paragraphs: Hitcham is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 596 people living in Hitcham.


title: Morland

paragraphs: Morland is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 380 people living in Morland.


title: Bildeston

paragraphs: Bildeston is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 1,011 people living in Bildeston.


title: Aldham

paragraphs: Aldham is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2005, there were 200 people living in Aldham. It is around eight miles west of Ipswich.


title: Little Cornard

paragraphs: Little Cornard is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 305 people living in Little Cornard.


title: Worldwatch Institute

paragraphs: The Worldwatch Institute is an environmental organization based in Washington, D.C. It helps to tell people who make policy and the public about the world economy and the environment.

paragraphs: Worldwatch Institute publications include The State of the World report, which is about urgent global environmental problems and new ideas for fixing them.


title: Quantum gravity

paragraphs: Quantum gravity is an area of research in physics. Right now, physics is able to describe gravity of real-life sized objects using general relativity. Physicists can also describe the universe on a microscopic scale with quantum mechanics. The goal of quantum gravity is to develop a theory which contains both general relativity and quantum mechanics. However, combining the theories of the big and the small is very difficult in practice.

paragraphs: Physicists are working on a number of ways to write down a theory of quantum gravity. One approach is to search for a unified field theory. Physicists also try to develop theories at an even more fundamental level, like string theory, loop quantum gravity, or other methods, to find out why our current theories of gravity and quantum mechanics cannot be combined.


title: Metroad 5, Sydney

paragraphs: Metroad 5 is a metroad. It is 47km long. It is the only metroad in Sydney to be fully freeway standard. It starts from Campbelltown at the Narellan Road (Metroad 9) interchange and ends at General Holmes Drive near Sydney Airport. The suburbs Metroad 5 passes include Liverpool and Campbelltown. The South Western Motorway and the M5 Freeway are part of the metroad. Some of the exits are Campbelltown Road, Westlink M7 (Metroad 7), Hume Highway, Moorebank Avenue, Heathcote Road, Henry Lawson Drive, The River Road, Fairford Road (Metroad 6), Belmore Road, King Georges Road (Metroad 3) and Marsh Street. The M5 East Freeway Tunnel is a major tunnel in Metroad 5.


title: Wonderama

paragraphs: Wonderama was a long-running children's television program. It appeared on Metromedia-owned stations from 1955 to 1986. The show was made at WNEW-TV in New York City.

paragraphs: "Wonderama" also was run in five other markets in which Metromedia owned television stations, including WTTG in Washington D.C., KMBC-TV in Kansas City, KTTV in Los Angeles, WXIX-TV in Cincinnati and WTCN-TV in Minneapolis – Saint Paul. The show ran three hours long, and later two hours on Sunday mornings.

paragraphs: Despite the frequent turnover of hosts throughout the 1950s, "Wonderama" experienced its greatest viewership by way of one-time Baltimore kids' show host Bob McAllister, who replaced Sonny Fox as host in 1967 and remained host until 1977.

paragraphs: Each show's taping included "(but was not necessarily limited to)" education, music, audience participation, games, interviews and cartoon shorts.

paragraphs: Each week, audience members received a package of parting gifts with some items, including:

paragraphs: McAllister sang the program's closing theme song. It was called "Kids Are People Too" ("wacka-doo, wacka-doo, wacka-doo"). This later became the show's title when it moved to ABC on Sunday mornings.

paragraphs: Many stars from all genres of entertainment (music, movies, television, etc.) appeared on "Wonderama", including:

paragraphs: Beginning in 1980, a documentary/magazine show for children (and hosted by teens) ran on Sunday mornings on WNEW-TV. While this show maintained the "Wonderama" title, the show itself was nothing like the kids festival that it once was. This hour-long incarnation ran until 1983; reruns edited to 30 minutes aired from 1984 to 1986 on WNEW-TV/WNYW on Saturday mornings.


title: Sonny Fox

paragraphs: Sonny Fox (born Irwin Fox, 1925, Brooklyn, New York) is an American television host, executive, and broadcasting consultant. He was the fourth full-time host of the children's television program, "Wonderama".


title: Unsportsmanlike conduct

paragraphs: Unsportsmanlike conduct (or unsporting behaviour, or ungentlemanly conduct) describes a kind of action by professional sportspeople. It is when a player or team acts during the game in a way that is not professional or is offensive. It is different to cheating or breaking the rules. Unsportsmanlike conduct is something most players and fans dislike. The official rules of many sports include a rule so that a referee can call unsportsmanlike conduct on a team or player. There may be a fine or penalty.


title: The Color of Money (movie)

paragraphs: The Color of Money is a 1986 American sports drama movie about pool players. It was released in 1986. The movie stars Paul Newman, Tom Cruise, and Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio. Martin Scorsese was the director. The movie won one Academy Award. It is the sequel to "The Hustler".


title: Love Will Tear Us Apart

paragraphs: "Love Will Tear Us Apart" is a song by the British post-punk band Joy Division.


title: Unknown Pleasures

paragraphs: Unknown Pleasures is English post-punk band Joy Division's first album. It was released in 1979 through Factory Records. Martin Hannett produced the record at Strawberry Studios, Stockport, England


title: Closer (Joy Division album)

paragraphs: Closer is the second and final album by post-punk band Joy Division. It was released on , two months after the suicide of lead singer Ian Curtis.


title: Asphalt

paragraphs: Asphalt, or bitumen, is a sticky, black and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid, composed almost entirely of petroleum. It is present in most crude petroleums and in some natural deposits. It is the material which made the La Brea tar pits.

paragraphs: Its main use is in road construction. Mixed with "aggregate" (sand, gravel, crushed stone, etc.) it makes a good road surface. It has various other names: pitch, tarmac, blacktop, asphalt concrete, asphalt pavement (US), all mean roughly the same thing.

paragraphs: Asphalt which is liquid is often called tar. Tar is also used for plant resin. Solid asphalt is often called pitch.

paragraphs: Although a block of asphalt or pitch can look like a solid, it still flows, but very slowly. There have been a few "pitch experiments" to see how long it takes for a drip to form and drop off a block of apparently solid pitch.


title: Rikuzentakata, Iwate

paragraphs: The 2010 census counted 23,302 people living in the city. (2005 showed 24,709). The city was founded on January 1, 1955. Much of the city was heavily damaged by the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.

paragraphs: The area of the city is 232.29 km² and the population density is 100 people per km².

paragraphs: As of 2011, oyster farming produced ¥40 million in annual sales for the city.

paragraphs: There is one railroad line with six stations in Rikuzentakata.

paragraphs: Rikuzentakata was reported to have been "wiped off the map" by the tsunami following the Tōhoku earthquake. According to the police, every building smaller than three stories high has been completely flooded. Buildings taller than three stories were partially flooded. At the city hall, water also reached as high as the third floor.

paragraphs: On 14 March, a BBC report showed a picture of the town. The report described the city as "almost completely flattened." Reporters could not tell how many people had survived. The city did have tsunami shelters. The shelters were designed to protect people from a wave 3 to 4 meters tall. However, the tsunami of March 2011 was 13 meters high in the city. The wave covered the areas that were supposed to be safe. Local officials estimate that 20% to 40% of the cities people died. "Rikuzen-Takata effectively no longer exists." The city had a 6.5 meter high seawall, but it was not enough. More than 80% of 8,000 houses were destroyed by the tsunami.

paragraphs: As of 3 April 2011, 1,000 people from the town were confirmed dead with 1,300 still missing.

paragraphs: Sixty-eight city officials, about one-third of the city's municipal employees, were killed. The town's mayor, Futoshi Toba, was at work at the city hall and survived. His wife was at their seaside home and she died.

paragraphs: is part of the coastline, two kilometers long. About seventy thousand pine trees used to grow there. It was selected as one of the 100 Landscapes of Japan (Shōwa period) in 1927 and in 1940 it was named a Place of Scenic Beauty. After the 2011 tsunami only one tree was still there. A single, ten-meter tall, two hundred year-old tree is all that is left from the forest. The tree is only five meters from the sea and may be damaged by too much salt. The Association for the Protection of Takata-Matsubara along with the city and prefectural governments are trying to protect the last pine tree.


title: Daniel Ricciardo

paragraphs: Daniel Ricciardo (born 1 July 1989 in Perth, Western Australia) is an Australian racing driver. He won the British Formula Three Championship in 2009. He currently races in the Formula Renault 3.5 Series. He is also the test driver for both the Red Bull Racing and the Scuderia Toro Rosso Formula One teams.

paragraphs: Ricciardo started karting at the age of nine. In 2005, he entered the Western Australian Formula Ford championship. He drove a 15-year-old Van Diemen, and finished eighth by season's end.

paragraphs: The next year, he won a scholarship to the Formula BMW Asian championship with Eurasia Motorsport. During his first season, Ricciardo earned a pole position and won twice. He finished third in the Drivers' Championship with 231 points, 59 points behind the champion.

paragraphs: In August 2006, Ricciardo entered one race in the Formula BMW UK series. He finished eighth in the second race and took three championship points. At the end of the year, he entered the Formula BMW World Final Fortec Motorsport. He finished in fifth position, fourteen seconds behind the winner.

paragraphs: 2007 saw the Australian moved to Formula Renault, entering the European and Italian championships. He finished the year seventh in the Italian series with 196 points and scoring a single podium at Valencia. He failed to score a point in his few starts in the European races.

paragraphs: Ricciardo stayed in Formula Renault for 2008, entering the European and Western European championships. By the end of the year, the he took his first European title in the Western European Cup and finished second in the Eurocup.

paragraphs: During the middle of the 2008 season, Ricciardo made his Formula Three debut at the Nürburgring. He qualified in eighth for the first race. He was moved up to sixth in the race after James Jakes and Christian Vietoris stalled on the grid.

paragraphs: Ricciardo moved to the British Formula Three Championship for 2009, driving for Carlin Motorsport. He also made his debut in the 3.5-litre World Series by Renault championship. He retired from the first race, before finishing fifteenth in the second. When he returned to Formula Three, he extended his championship lead. Ricciardo became the first Australian driver since David Brabham in 1989 to win the British F3 title. He won the championship by 87 points.

paragraphs: Ricciardo continued with Carlin for the Macau Grand Prix with the team. He finished sixth in the qualifying race. He retired on the first lap of the main race after hitting the wall.

paragraphs: On 30 October 2009, Ricciardo was signed by Tech 1 to compete in the 2010 Formula Renault 3.5 Series season. He had 8 pole positions in the season, 4 wins, and finished the season second in the championship.

paragraphs: Ricciardo returned to the series in 2011 for ISR Racing

paragraphs: Ricciardo made his track debut at the wheel of a Formula One car in December 2009. He tested for Red Bull Racing at the young drivers test at Circuito de Jerez. On the final day of testing, Ricciardo had the fastest time of the test by more than one second. Ricciardo became one of the test and reserve drivers for both Red Bull Racing, and the sister team Scuderia Toro Rosso

paragraphs: In November 2010, Ricciardo was the only Red Bull Racing driver at the end-of-season young drivers test. Ricciardo dominated the event. His fastest lap was 1.3 seconds faster than Sebastian Vettel's qualifying lap the Saturday before. Ricciardo remained unbeaten in Formula One tests he has attended.

paragraphs: On 26 November 2010, Ricciardo was confirmed as Toro Rosso's test and reserve driver for the season. He will take part in the first free practice session of each race weekend.

paragraphs: As a guest driver, Ricciardo was ineligible for points

paragraphs: † – As Ricciardo was a guest driver, he was ineligible for points.


title: Alpheton

paragraphs: Alpheton is a village and civil parish on the A134 road in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 242 people living in Alpheton.


title: Monks Eleigh

paragraphs: Monks Eleigh is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 425 people living in Monks Eleigh.


title: Ashby-de-la-Zouch

paragraphs: Ashby-de-la-Zouch is a town and civil parish in Leicestershire, England. In 2001 there were 12,758 people living in Ashby-de-la-Zouch.


title: Beverley

paragraphs: Beverley is a town and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. In 2001 there were 17,549 people living in Beverley.


title: Scunthorpe

paragraphs: Scunthorpe is a town near the M180 motorway and the M181 motorway in Lincolnshire, England. The ending of the name in "thorpe" meaning "new village" in Norse, show it was a Viking settlement.

paragraphs: Scunthorpe is often referred to as an Industrial Garden town.

paragraphs: Scunthorpe has a population of approximately 50,000 people

paragraphs: Scunthorpe is famous for its steelworks.

paragraphs: The football team is called Scunthorpe United


title: Downham Market

paragraphs: Downham Market is a town and civil parish in Norfolk, England. In 2001 there were 6,730 people living in Downham Market.


title: Robert Blake (actor)

paragraphs: Robert Blake (born Michael James Vincenzo Gubitosi September 18, 1933 in Nutley, New Jersey, U.S.), is an American actor.

paragraphs: Robert Blake began his acting career as a child in dozens short films as "Joy Scouts" (1939), "Captain Spanky's Show Boat" (1939), "The Big Premiere" (1940), "Good Bad Boys" (1940), and the Oscar-winning short film "Main Street on the March!" (1941). As an adult, Blake he began to play small roles in films like "The Black Rose" (1950) with Tyrone Power and directed by Henry Hathaway, "The Veils of Bagdad" (1953) with Victor Mature, "Three Violent People" (1956) with Charlton Heston, "Pork Chop Hill" (1959) with Gregory Peck. He also had a role in "The Greatest Story Ever Told" (1965), playing the role of Simon the Zealot. Robert Blake shot to fame when playing Perry in the film "In Cold Blood" (1967) based on the book by Truman Capote, and directed by Richard Brooks. Another performance was playing a deranged police officer motorized in "Electra Glide in Blue" (1973) for this film Blake was nominated for a Golden Globe.

paragraphs: Robert Blake has had a long and successful career in television. His great works include "Baretta" as Det. Tony Baretta. Robert Blake played for 82 episodes broadcast between 1975 and 1978. Blake won a prestigious Emmy Award in 1975 and was nominated again in 1977 and also won Golden Globe in 1975 for "Baretta".

paragraphs: Another of his works on television was his portrayal of James Riddle 'Jimmy' Hoffa in "Blood Feud" (1983) directed by Mike Newell, for which he was nominated for an Emmy and Golden Globe in 1983. One of his last television appearances was in "Judgment Day: The John List Story" (1993) directed by Bobby Roth, he plays the true story of a religious fanatic who kills his family. This role was one of his best performances and earned him a nomination for an Emmy in 1993.


title: Bourne

paragraphs: Bourne is a town and civil parish in Lincolnshire, England. In 2001 there were 11,933 people living in Bourne.


title: Edenbridge

paragraphs: Edenbridge is a town and civil parish in Kent, England. In 2001 there were 7,808 people living in Edenbridge.


title: Newby

paragraphs: Newby is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 164 people living in Newby.


title: Colby, Cumbria

paragraphs: Colby is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001, there were 120 people living in Colby.


title: Long Marton

paragraphs: Long Marton is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 704 people living in Long Marton.


title: Kirkby Thore

paragraphs: Kirkby Thore is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 731 people living in Kirkby Thore.


title: Foxearth

paragraphs: Foxearth is a village and civil parish in Braintree district, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 303 people living in Foxearth.


title: East Grinstead

paragraphs: East Grinstead is a town and civil parish in West Sussex, England. In 2001 there were 23,942 people living in East Grinstead. It is the home town of the 1990s pop group Right Said Fred. It is on the Meridian Line.


title: Petworth

paragraphs: Petworth is a town and civil parish in West Sussex, England. In 2001 there were 2,775 people living in Petworth.


title: Evesham

paragraphs: Evesham is a town and civil parish in Worcestershire, England. In 2001 there were 22,304 people living in Evesham.There are many coffee shops and a wonderful park the locals keep tidy


title: Diss

paragraphs: Diss is a town and civil parish in Norfolk, England. In 2001 there were 6,917 people living in Diss.


title: Frome

paragraphs: Frome is a town and civil parish in Somerset, England. In 2001 there were 24,510 people living in Frome.


title: Cancion Nacional Chilena

paragraphs: Cancion Nacional Chilena is the national anthem of Chile until 1847. It was written by Bernardo de Vera y Pintado and composed by Manuel Robles.


title: Wincanton

paragraphs: Wincanton is a town near the A303 road in Somerset, England. In 2001 there were 4,639 people living in Wincanton.


title: Coordination complex

paragraphs: A coordination complex is an inorganic chemical compound where a central atom (usually a metal) has an electron shell which permits it to combine with one or more molecules. These molecules, called "ligands", have at least one pair of free electrons for binding.


title: Encyclopédie

paragraphs: Encyclopédie, ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers () was a general encyclopedia published in France between 1751 and 1772. The full title was "Encyclopédie, ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers, par une société de gens de lettres, mis en ordre par M. Diderot de l'Académie des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Prusse, et quant à la partie mathématique, par M. d'Alembert de l'Académie royale des Sciences de Paris, de celle de Prusse et de la Société royale de Londres."

paragraphs: The "Encyclopédie" was the first encyclopedia to include contributions from many people, and it was the first to include applied science and engineering. Still, the "Encyclopédie" is famous above all for representing the thought of the Enlightenment. According to Denis Diderot in the article "Encyclopédie", the "Encyclopédie"'s aim was "to change the way people think."

paragraphs: The "Encyclopédie" was conceived as a translation of Ephraim Chambers's "Cyclopaedia" (1728). In 1743, the translation was given by the Parisian book publisher André Le Breton to John Mills, an Englishman living in France. In May 1745, Le Breton announced the work as available for sale, but Mills had not done the work. Le Breton beat Mills with a cane. Mills sued for assault, but Le Breton was set free because he was justified. For his new editor, Le Breton chose mathematician Jean Paul de Gua de Malves. In August 1747, Gua de Malves was fired for being a poor leader. Le Breton then hired Diderot and Jean d'Alembert as the new editors. Diderot would remain editor for the next twenty-five years, seeing the "Encyclopédie" through to completion.

paragraphs: Many of the most noted figures of the French Enlightenment contributed to the "Encyclopédie", including Voltaire, Rousseau, and Baron d'Holbach. The most prolific contributor wrote 17,266 articles, or about eight per day, between 1759 and 1765.

paragraphs: Print run: 4,250 copies (note: even single-volume works in the 18th Century seldom had a print run of more than 1,500 copies)


title: Denis Diderot

paragraphs: Denis Diderot (; 5 October 1713 – 31 July 1784) was a French philosopher, art critic and writer. He was a known figure during the Enlightenment. He is best known for serving as co-founder, chief editor and contributor to the "Encyclopédie" along with Jean le Rond d'Alembert.

paragraphs: Diderot died from pulmonary thrombosis in Paris, aged 70.


title: 2 Baruch

paragraphs: 2 Baruch is a text that was written in the late first century, or the early second century CE. It was probably written after the destruction of the temple in Jerusalem, in 70 CE, and before the second Roman-Jewish War, 132-135 CE. It is attributed to Baruch ben Neriah and is included in some editions of the Old Testament and the Peshitta, but neither Jews nor Christians regard it as scripture. The Syrian Orthodox Church includes it in the Bible. The text has 87 sections and is also known as Syriac Apocalypse of Baruch and Letter of Baruch to the Nine and a Half Tribes.


title: Rhysling Award

paragraphs: The Rhysling Awards are a prize given each year for the best poem from science fiction, fantasy, or horror. Most awards for writing are named for the creator of the award, the subject of the award, or an important person. The Rhyslings are named for a character in a science fiction story: the blind poet Rhysling, in Robert A. Heinlein's short story "The Green Hills of Earth". Two awards are given: "Best Long Poem", for poetry of 50 or more lines, and "Best Short Poem", for works of 49 or fewer lines.

paragraphs: The members of the Science Fiction Poetry Association (SFPA) choose several possible winners (nominees) for each year's Rhysling Awards. Each member may name one work that should win in each category. All of the nominees are published in a book called "The Rhysling Anthology". Members of the Association then vote on the final winners. Since 2005, the Awards have been presented in July at a ceremony at Readercon. The "Best Short Poem" category allows very short poems to be entered. However, the SFPA also has the Dwarf Stars Award for poems from one to ten lines.


title: Northbourne

paragraphs: Northbourne is a village and civil parish near Deal in Kent, England. In 2001 there were 793 people living in Northbourne.


title: Huntshaw

paragraphs: Huntshaw is a village and civil parish in Torridge, Devon, England. In 2001 there were 120 people living in Huntshaw.


title: East Bergholt

paragraphs: East Bergholt is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 2,689 people living in East Bergholt.


title: West Bergholt

paragraphs: West Bergholt is a village and civil parish in Colchester district, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 3,294 people living in West Bergholt.


title: Wormingford

paragraphs: Wormingford is a village and civil parish in Colchester district, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 459 people living in Wormingford.


title: Stanstead, Suffolk

paragraphs: Stanstead is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 316 people living in Stanstead.