title: Low Earth orbit

paragraphs: A low Earth orbit (LEO) is usually described as an orbit inside the area which comes from the Earth’s surface up to an altitude of . Other definitions use other numbers such as orbital eccentricity and orbital period. Satellites in LEO go around the Earth many times per day.

paragraphs: Satellites are put in low Earth orbit if the things they do must be done in outer space but need not be far away. Some satellites are in LEO to photograph the Earth, for example some weather satellites and Earth resource satellites. Most space telescopes are in LEO since they only have to be above the Earth's atmosphere. The International Space Station is in LEO.


title: Bornu Empire

paragraphs: The Bornu Empire (1380-1893) was an African state of Nigeria from 1380 to 1893.


title: Tōtōmi Province

paragraphs: The province had borders with Mikawa, Suruga and Shinano Provinces.

paragraphs: Tōtōmi was one of the original provinces of Japan established in the Nara period under the Taihō Code.

paragraphs: In the Edo period, the Tōkaidō road was the main route between Kyoto and Edo. The road passed through Tōtōmi.

paragraphs: In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures. The maps of Japan and Izu Province were reformed in the 1870s.

paragraphs: "Oguni jinja" and "Kotonomamahachimangū" were the chief Shinto shrines ("ichinomiya") of Tōtōmi.


title: Altitude

paragraphs: "Altitude" means height above the ground or above the sea level. Common uses include aviation (flying, parachuting, gliding), and geography/surveying. In geometry it is also used as the height of the object itself. Generally, altitude is the distance one thing is above another thing. This is in the vertical or "up" direction. For the height of the ground (such as for hills and mountains), the word elevation is also used and might be a better choice. (Mountain climbers usually use the word altitude, especially when talking about how it affects the body). Buildings and other things on the ground usually just use the word height.

paragraphs: Vertical distance measurements in the "down" direction are commonly referred to as depth.

paragraphs: In aviation, the altitude can be measured and shown in several different ways. The height is either from the average sea level (also called "Mean Sea Level" or MSL), or from the ground (also called "Above Ground Level", or AGL).

paragraphs: Airplanes can find their altitude by using air pressure. The air gets thinner the higher it is (and it has less pressure, because there's less air pushing down on it from above). This pressure can be measured and this can be converted into a height above sea level. The instrument for measuring altitude is the altimeter (from "altitude" and "meter"). The common pressure altimeter is a type of barometer with a dial showing distance (feet or metres) instead of atmospheric pressure.

paragraphs: There are several types of aviation altitude.

paragraphs: In simple terms, these types of altitude can be explained as ways of measuring the altitude:

paragraphs: The density of the air also affects how well an aircraft works. Density altitude is affected by barometric pressure, humidity and temperature. On a very hot day, density altitude at an airport (especially one at a high elevation) may be so high that aircraft can not take-off. This most often affects helicopters or an aircraft that is carrying a large amount of cargo.

paragraphs: The Earth's atmosphere is divided into several regions, based on altitude. The regions have different temperatures and winds and what things are in it. The regions are:

paragraphs: Regions on the surface of the Earth or in its atmosphere that are high above mean sea level are said to be high altitude. High altitude is often said to begin at above sea level.

paragraphs: At high altitude, atmospheric pressure is lower than that at sea level. This is because of two effects. These effects are gravity and the heat in the air. Gravity makes the air to be as close as possible to the ground. The amount of heat in the air makes the molecules move quickly and push against each other. This makes the air expand. So most of the air will be in the lower atmosphere, closer to sea level, and all the air pushing against each other is called air pressure. So air pressure is less the higher you go.

paragraphs: As the air expands from heat, it rises to where the air pressure is less. As it rises, it can expand and it begins to cool. Because of this, high altitude air is cold. This causes an alpine climate. This climate affects the ecology at high altitude.

paragraphs: Altitudes above start to affect humans. Humans cannot live in very high altitudes above . Atmospheric pressure decreases at high altitudes. This affects humans because there is less oxygen to breathe. This can cause illnesses such as altitude sickness, high altitude pulmonary edema (fluid in the lungs), and high altitude cerebral edema (fluid in the brain, causing headaches and confusion).

paragraphs: The human body can deal with high altitude by breathing faster, having a higher heart rate, and changing the blood itself to have more red blood cells that can carry oxygen. This can take days or weeks to happen. This works for people who live in the high mountains, and mountain climbers. For climbers, this is called "acclimatization". Pilots and other people who go quickly to high altitudes need to be in a space suit, pressure suit, or inside a pressurized airplane, so the air is still the same as at the ground. Above , the human body cannot make the needed changes and will eventually die. Several of the world's tallest mountains are this high, the climbers usually take oxygen tanks with them, and only stay for a few hours at the highest levels.

paragraphs: People living at higher elevations have a higher rate of suicide. The reason is not yet known.


title: Focus city

paragraphs: In the airline industry, a focus city is the name for a type of airport. These airports are not a hubs but are important for one airline. An airline has daily flights from the Focus city to many destinations that are also not its hubs. Even though the word ""city"" is part of this term, it means a city's airport, not the city.

paragraphs: An example of an airline's focus city is US Airways (now known as American Airlines) at Washington National Airport in Arlington, Virginia. Focus city airports can have some of the same facilities that hubs have. For example, the airline may repair or clean their aircraft at a focus city because it is cheaper. They might also have places and equipment to handle cargo.

paragraphs: Many low-cost carriers that mostly fly point-to-point use focus cities more than hubs. Southwest Airlines, Spirit Airlines, JetBlue Airways, Allegiant Air and WestJet in the Americas, and Ryanair, EasyJet, Norwegian Air Shuttle and Wizz Air in Europe are examples.


title: Standing wave

paragraphs: In physics, a standing wave – also called a stationary wave – is a wave that oscillates in one constant position.

paragraphs: The word oscillate simply describes the vibrating movement of particles in a medium when acted upon by a wave, or the regular "up and down" motion shown in the animation. Oppositely to a progressive (moving) wave, stationary waves do not transfer energy in a given direction when they oscillate.

paragraphs: When a guitar string is plucked, for example, a stationary wave is formed. This happens because on releasing the string, two progressive waves move down the string in opposite directions. When they reach the point where the string is tied down, they cannot move beyond this boundary. At the boundary, the wave is reflected and travels back in the opposite direction. The two reflected waves meet and interfere with one another. Superposition occurs, the opposing directions of the reflected waves cancel out resulting in one "stationary" wave.


title: Mexico–United States border

paragraphs: The United States–Mexico border is the international border between the United States and Mexico.

paragraphs: It runs from Imperial Beach, California, and Tijuana, Baja California, in the west to Matamoros, Tamaulipas, and Brownsville, Texas, in the east. It covers a variety of terrains, ranging from major urban areas to inhospitable deserts.

paragraphs: From the Gulf of Mexico it follows the course of the Rio Grande (Río Bravo del Norte) to the border crossing at El Paso, Texas, and Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua. Westward from there it crosses vast tracts of the Sonoran and Chihuahuan Desert. Then it crosses the Colorado River Delta, west to San Diego and Tijuana before reaching the Pacific Ocean. The US-Mexican border is considered an open border.

paragraphs: The border's total length is , according to figures given by the International Boundary and Water Commission. It is the most frequently crossed international border in the world, with approximately three hundred fifty million (350,000,000) crossings per year.


title: Valeri Bure

paragraphs: Valeri Bure (born 1974) is a retired NHL hockey player for the Montreal Canadiens. He is Russian.


title: Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport

paragraphs: Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport , often called Dallas Airport and DFW Airport, is between the cities of Dallas and Fort Worth, Texas. It is the busiest airport in Texas. It serves the larger metropolitan area. Regional, national and international flights use this airport. Flights go to 144 domestic and 47 international destinations.

paragraphs: In 2010, it was the fourth busiest airport in the world in terms of aircraft movements with 652,261. it was the eighth busiest airport in the world when measured by passenger traffic, with 56,906,610 passengers in 2010. It is the main hub and largest hub for American Airlines.

paragraphs: The airport is in the cities of Coppell, Euless, Grapevine, and Irving. The land for DFW was purchased by both Dallas and Fort Worth in 1966, and construction began in 1969.


paragraphs: The German Nuclear Reactor Insurance Association () — an association of German insurers of the nuclear industry in Cologne. The German Nuclear Reactor Insurance Association also is involved in the reinsurance industry.

paragraphs: The first associations of insurers of the nuclear industry in Europe were founded in Sweden and England in 1955. The German Nuclear Reactor Insurance Association was founded shortly thereafter in 1957. Throughout the association's history, it has only once had to pay a claim; the claim amounted to about €10,000 to €15,000.

paragraphs: Despite the slight probability of losses resulting from an insured event in the nuclear industry, in the event of an insured event does occur the possibilities for damages are considerable. As such a single insurance company is unable to bear such risk alone. Under German law, the transfer of a nuclear risk of an insurer to a reinsurer is prohibited. In 1998 the Atomic Energy Act established the maximum insurance liability of nuclear insurer at about €2.5 billion; for damages above that cap the Federal Government is liable according to § 34 of the Atomic Energy Act. If the total damage exceeds the stipulated maximum sum of €2.55 billion, the German Federal Government pays the German Nuclear Reactor Insurance Association for the excess losses. The insurance payments include the cost of evacuating people.

paragraphs: Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant was insured for some tens of millions of euros with German Nuclear Reactor Insurance Association. Under the terms of the insurance policy, the policyholder was not insured for damage caused by earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions. Therefore the German Nuclear Reactor Insurance Association had no resulting liability to Tokyo Electric Power Company, the owner of the Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant, because of Fukushima I nuclear accidents.


title: Impact of Christianity on western civilization

paragraphs: Christianity has been historically intertwined with Western civilization. However, it is difficult to decide what its effects were.

paragraphs: Through its long history, the Church has been a major source of social services such as schooling. Several universities were founded by the Church. Some historians of science, have argued that the Church had a significant, positive influence on the development of science. Some of the Church's priests have contributed to science. In various ways the Church has sought to affect Western attitudes to vice and virtue in diverse fields. It has, over many centuries, promulgated the teachings of Jesus within the Western World and remains a source of continuity linking modern Western culture to classical Western culture.

paragraphs: The Bible and Christian theology have also strongly influenced Western philosophers and political activists. Long held Christian teachings on sexuality and marriage have also been influential in family life.

paragraphs: Christianity played a role in ending practices such as human sacrifice, slavery, infanticide and polygamy. Christianity in general affected the status of women by condemning infanticide (female infants were more likely to be killed), divorce, incest, polygamy, birth control, abortion and adultery.

paragraphs: The cultural influence of the Church has been vast. Festivals like Easter and Christmas are marked globally as public holidays; Pope Gregory XIII's Gregorian Calendar has been adopted internationally. Year numbering in the West is taken from the assumed date of the birth of the Church's founder, Jesus of Nazareth. In the list of the 100 most influential people in human history there are 65 Christian figures from various fields.

paragraphs: Copernicus, a Catholic priest, delayed publication of his work on heliocentrism until the year of his death. The theory attracted some attention among scientists. Decades later, Galileo Galilei took an interest in astronomy, and raised the question more prominently. This brought the attention of the Committee for Propaganda of the Catholic Church, otherwise known as the Inquisition. He was tried, convicted, and forced to retract his published belief in heliocentrism.

paragraphs: Centuries later, the Catholic church had lost interest in subjecting natural philosophy to dogma. The relation of the now separate Church of England to evolution was complicated by the lack of the centralised authority of a Pope. Many conservative clerics opposed evolution fiercely, whilst few liberal clerics saw conflict with their beliefs. Before he published the "On the Origin of Species", Charles Darwin feared the reaction of the church, and spent years collecting evidence as defence to the expected criticism. Long after heliocentrism was all but universally accepted, some Protestant leaders continued to resist evolution.


title: Jean-Pierre Houël

paragraphs: Jean-Pierre Houël (1735–1813) was French artist. He was painting at the time of the French Revolution. One of his well known paintings is the "Prise de la Bastille" (The Storming of the Bastille), 1789. The capture of the Bastille prison was an important event in the Revolution, and remembered with a celebration and holiday on the anniversary, known as Bastille Day.


title: Sagami Province

paragraphs: The province had borders with Izu, Musashi, Suruga provinces. Its Pacific Ocean border included Sagami Bay.

paragraphs: The ancient capital city of the province was near Hiratsuka.

paragraphs: Sagami was one of the original provinces of Japan established in the Nara period under the Taihō Code.

paragraphs: In the Edo period, the Tōkaidō road was the main route between Kyoto and Edo. The road passed through Sagami.

paragraphs: In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures. The maps of Japan and Izu Province were reformed in the 1870s.

paragraphs: All of Sagami became part of the new Kanagawa Prefecture in 1876.

paragraphs: In 1906, the Imperial Japanese Navy battleship "Sagami" was named after the province.

paragraphs: "Samukawa jinja" was the chief Shinto shrine ("ichinomiya") of Hōki.


title: Relay

paragraphs: A relay is an electromagnetically operated switch. It was invented in the 19th century to make electric telegraph signals go farther. Nowadays relays control circuits with low-voltages. Many machines use them, including vehicles and electronics.


title: Young Frankenstein

paragraphs: Young Frankenstein is a 1974 comedy movie directed by Mel Brooks starring Gene Wilder, Teri Garr, Cloris Leachman, Marty Feldman, Peter Boyle, Madeline Kahn, Kenneth Mars, Richard Haydn and Gene Hackman. The movie is a parody of the classical horror movie genre. In 2003, it was deemed "culturally, historically or aesthetically significant" by the United States National Film Preservation Board, and selected for preservation in the Library of Congress National Film Registry.

paragraphs: It tells the story of Frederick Frankenstein, grandson of Victor, the mad scientist whose experiments in re-animation led to the creation of a monster; to disassociate himself from his legacy, Frederick insists that his surname be pronounced "Fronk-en-steen". He has to travel to Transylvania because he has inherited his family's estate, where he meets Igor, a hunchbacked, bulging-eyed servant, and Inga.


title: E. M. Forster

paragraphs: Edward Morgan Forster OM, CH (1 January 1879 – 7 June 1970) was a British writer.

paragraphs: Forster was born in Marylebone, London. He attended Tonbridge School, an independent school in Tonbridge, Kent. He studied at Kings College, Cambridge.

paragraphs: Forster was a homosexual and wrote about homosexuality, class division and gender. His novels include "Where Angels Fear to Tread", "The Longest Journey", "A Room with a View", "Howards End", "A Passage to India" and "Maurice". He also wrote short stories, plays, essays, libretti and travel guides.

paragraphs: Forster died of a stroke in Coventry, Warwickshire.


title: United States Navy SEALs

paragraphs: The United States Navy Sea, Air, and Land Teams, commonly known as Navy SEALs, are the U.S. Navy's special forces. Their acronym is derived from their ability to operate at sea, in the air, and on land. In the War on Terrorism, SEALs have been utilized almost exclusively for land-based missions. All SEALs are male members of the United States Navy. The CIA, more specifically its Special Activities Division, often recruits operators from the SEAL Teams. Joint Navy SEALs and CIA operations go back to the famed MACV-SOG during the Vietnam War. Joint operations have continued, as seen in the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, and in the finding and killing of Osama bin Laden in Pakistan.

paragraphs: The Navy SEALs were formed in the second world war. The United States Navy found the need for covert, elite operations. As a result, the Amphibious Scout and Raider School was established in 1942 at Fort Pierce, Florida. The Scouts and Raiders were formed in September of that year, nine months after the attack on Pearl Harbor.

paragraphs: The first group included Phil H. Bucklew, the "Father of Naval Special Warfare," in whose honor the Naval Special Warfare Center building is named. Started in October 1942, this group saw action in November 1942 during Operation Torch, the first allied landings in Europe, on the North African coast. Scouts and Raiders also helped during landings in Sicily, Salerno, Anzio, Normandy, and southern France.

paragraphs: A second group of Scouts and Raiders was started on 7 July 1943. Their first mission, in September 1943, was at Finschafen on New Guinea. Later operations were at Gasmata, Arawe, Cape Gloucester, and the East and South coast of New Britain.

paragraphs: The third Scout and Raiders organization operated in China. Scouts and Raiders were to fight with the Sino-American Cooperative Organization, or SACO. They conducted a patrol of the upper Yangtze River in the spring of 1945 and, disguised as coolies, conducted a detailed three-month patrol of the Chinese coast from Shanghai to Kitchioh Wan, near Hong Kong.

paragraphs: President John F. Kennedy, aware of the situations in Southeast Asia, recognized the need for special operations in the fight against guerrilla warfare. In a speech to Congress on 25 May 1961, Kennedy spoke of his respect for the United States Army Special Forces. In the speech he announced his intention to spend over $100 million to strengthen U.S. special operations forces and expand American capabilities in unconventional warfare. Some people have assumed this was the start of the SEALS, but they had already long been active.


title: John Gould Veitch

paragraphs: John Gould Veitch (April 1839 – 13 August 1870) was an expert on plants and growing plants, he was also a traveller and one of the first Victorian British plant experts to visit Japan to look for and collect new plants. He was a great-grandson of John Veitch, the founder of the Veitch family plant growing business. He also visited the Philippines, Australia, Fiji, and other Polynesian islands looking for new plants to bring back to Great Britain.

paragraphs: He brought back a number of the glasshouse plants that were in fashion at the time, such as "Acalyphas", "Cordylines", "Codiaeums" (Crotons) and "Dracaenas", and from Fiji, a palm of a new genus later named after him, "Veitchia joannis", in addition to this genus the Veitch family name is honoured by hundreds of other plant names.

paragraphs: In Japan, he met another famous plant collector called Robert Fortune, and their competing collections returned to England on the same ship. For example, each man claimed that they had discovered a species of "Chamaecyparis pisifera" (a kind of cypress).

paragraphs: He married Jane Hodge soon after his return to England in 1866 and they had two sons, James Herbert Veitch, (1868 – 1907) and John Gould Veitch, Jr. (1869 – 1914)

paragraphs: John Gould Veitch died of tuberculosis at the age of 31.


title: Julia set

paragraphs: A Julia set is a fractal. It is a set defined given a rational function (written "J(f)"). The Fatou set of a rational function ("F(f)") is the complementary set of the Julia set of "f". The Fatou set of a function are the values such that all nearby values behave similarly when the function is repeatedly iterated.


title: Dudley Moore

paragraphs: Dudley Stuart John Moore CBE (19 April 1935 – 27 March 2002) was a British actor, comedian and musician.

paragraphs: Moore was born in Charing Cross Hospital, London and raised in Dagenham, Essex. He studied at Magdalen College, Oxford.

paragraphs: Moore became a pianist and composer. He began a comedy double act with Peter Cook. Moore acted in movies in the United Kingdom and in the United States. He starred in movies including "Bedazzled", "10", "Arthur" and "".

paragraphs: Moore died of progressive supranuclear palsy and pneumonia in Plainfield, New Jersey.


title: Scent of a Woman

paragraphs: Scent of a Woman is a 1992 American drama movie starring Al Pacino and directed by Martin Brest. It is based on 1969 novel by Giovanni Arpino "" ("The Darkness and the Honey") and is a remake of 1974 Italian movie "Profumo di donna".


title: Barbara Mori

paragraphs: Barbara Mori (born February 2, 1978 in Montevideo, Uruguay) is a Mexican actress. She is best known for lead role of the Bollywood film, "Kites" also Telenovela "Rubí" in which she played the main character.


title: Arnold Palmer

paragraphs: Arnold Daniel Palmer (September 10, 1929 – September 25, 2016) was an American professional golfer. He won many events in PGA and Champions Tours dating back to 1955. These included winning the Masters Tournament, the U.S. Open, and The Open Championship.

paragraphs: Palmer was born in Latrobe, Pennsylvania. He studied at Wake Forest College.

paragraphs: Palmer died at a hospital in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on September 25, 2016, aged 87. He died from complications of heart problems while awaiting for heart surgery.


title: Paula Deen

paragraphs: Paula Deen (born January 19, 1947) is an American celebrity chef and television host. She has published fourteen cookbooks.

paragraphs: On June 21, 2013, The Food Network announced they would not renew her contract because Deen used racist slurs.


title: Minamisōma

paragraphs: Minamisōma was formed on 1 January 2006 when three neighboring towns were merged in a new city -- Haramachi, Odaka, and Kashima.

paragraphs: The tsunami partly covered the city on 11 March 2011. It damaged the city severely. As of 9 April 2011, 400 residents were known to be dead and 1,100 missing.

paragraphs: Minamisōma is about 25 km north of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. Much of the city is in the area near the plant where people should not live. Most people in the city had to leave. About a week after the earthquake, Minamisōma was in the news again as the town's mayor Katsunobu Sakarai complained about orders telling people still near the plant to stay in their homes. He said they had been 'abandoned'.

paragraphs: In mid-summer 2011, tests found radioactive cesium above the legal limit in beef from Minamisōma.

paragraphs: In 2012, plans were made to build solar plant on radiation-contaminated farmland.

paragraphs: In 2013, some critics complained that reports issued by the World Health Organisation (WHO) were misleading. According to some public health experts, the health impact of nuclear fallout from the Fukushima nuclear disaster is under-estimated.


title: Aries Spears

paragraphs: Aries Spears (born April 3, 1975) is an American actor, voice actor and comedian. He was born in Chicago, Illinois He is best known for his acting in "MADtv".


title: Montreal Stars

paragraphs: The Les Canadiennes (, formerly the Montreal Stars are a women's ice hockey team in the Canadian Women's Hockey League (CWHL). They have won the League championship four times and the Clarkson Cup (the highest honour in North American women's hockey) two times, more than any other women's team.

paragraphs: The Montreal Stars were formed in 2007. The team was formed from players from the Montreal Axion a team that played in the National Women's Hockey League before its demise. Through the team's young history they have seen success in every season.

paragraphs: The Montreal Stars have a total of four regular season championships and two Clarkson cups in four seasons.

paragraphs: In 2015 the name was changed to Les Canadiennes after a close relationship was created between the team and the NHL Montreal Canadiens.


title: Overclocking

paragraphs: Overclocking is the process of configuring a computer processor or other electronic circuit to run faster than it was designed to. Overclocking allows a computer to be faster and more responsive. Overclocked processors tend to use more electricity and make more heat than those running at their intended speed. It is often necessary to install a better heat sink to avoid overheating the processor. If a processor is overclocked too high, it can damage the processor or make the computer unstable. Increasing the voltage to the processor can allow it to be run at even higher speeds where it would otherwise be unstable, but this carries an especially high risk of damaging the processor.

paragraphs: Overclocking is usually done in the computer's BIOS setup utility. Most brand-name computers such as Dell, HP, and others do not allow overclocking in the BIOS setup utility, but custom-built computers usually do. It is also possible to do the opposite, called underclocking, where the processor is run at a lower speed than intended. This may be done to extend battery life and reduce heat output. Underclocking will not usually damage a processor and may in fact make it last longer. Some processors automatically underclock themselves when the computer is not doing a lot of work.

paragraphs: Many other digital circuits with a clock signal can be overclocked (or underclocked). This includes video cards, smartphones, and even graphing calculators. Even some sound cards can be overclocked to record or play at a higher sample rate than usual. Overclocking has become popular with Android users.


title: Centre Étienne Desmarteau

paragraphs: The Centre Étienne Desmarteau is situated on 3430 Bellechasse street in Montreal, Canada. Built in 1976, the Center includes two ice rinks, a room for the gymnastics and a gymnasium. It was the site of the basketball competitions during the Olympics of Montreal of 1976.

paragraphs: The center is named in honour of Olympian Étienne Desmarteau, a Canadian athlete during the 1904 Summer Olympics.

paragraphs: The center is the official home of the Montreal Stars, a team of the Canadian Women's Hockey League and Montreal Mission a team of the National Ringette League. Furthermore, numerous amateur tournaments are held in it every year.


title: Nanalan'

paragraphs: Nanalan' is an American–Canadian television show broadcast by the Nickelodeon's Nick Jr. programming block in the US and CBC Television in Canada. "Nanalan"' is "designed to foster children's curiosity and love of learning, with the hope they will carry it with them as they grow". Excerpts from the show also air on Fox Kids UK. The series premiered airs at 9:30AM ET/PT times on November 28, 1999 on Nickelodeon's Nick Jr. block in the United States.

paragraphs: "Nanalan' " began airing on November 28, 1999 and on September 22, 2005, it was nominated for the following three Gemini Awards: Best Performance in a Pre-School Program or Series; Best Writing in a Children's or Youth Program or Series; and Best Pre-School Program or Series. "Nanalan"' won Best writing and Best performance, an award shared by Jamie Shannon (the voice of Mona), Jason Hopley (the voice of Nana and Russell), Marty Stelnick (the voice of Mrs. Bea), Todd Doldersum (the voice of Mr. Wooka), and Ali Eisner (the performer of Russell).

paragraphs: Several compilation DVDs of the show and a CD of musical highlights are also available.

paragraphs: The main character is a green puppet named Mona. She is known for her lollipop and orange Nana, who is Mona's main caretaker.


title: Mr. Meaty

paragraphs: Mr. Meaty is an American/Canadian television series, airing on CBC Television in Canada and the Nicktoons Network in the United States. It originally began in 2004, as a series of shorts that aired on Nickelodeon. The show features puppets working at a fast food restaurant called Mr. Meaty.

paragraphs: The show began as a series of shorts featured on CBC's "The Void" and in-between shows on Nickelodeon. Many of the original shorts can still be found on iTunes and TurboNick.

paragraphs: "Mr. Meaty" received a great deal of criticism from vegetarians and parents who didn't like the gross-out humor. Many petitions were signed and sent to Nickelodeon to end the show.


title: Montreal Mission

paragraphs: The Montreal Mission is a ringette team at Montreal, Canada. The team plays in the National Ringette League and plays its home games in Centre Étienne Desmarteau.

paragraphs: The Montreal Mission have played in the National Ringette League since its formation in 2004. For several years, the best ringette team in Quebec is the Montreal Mission. On the other hand, the team ends in the second rank in the East Conference of the National Ringette League behind a team of the Ontario, the Cambridge Turbos and it since two seasons: 2010-11 and 2009-10. In 2008-09, Montreal Mission ends its season at the top of the classification of the east Conference with two points more than the Cambridge Turbos.

paragraphs: The world championships of ringuette occur once in three years. Several players of Montreal Mission were able to represent it their country of origin. The team includes notable players:

paragraphs: In 2010-11, two players of Montreal Mission dominated the classification of the league with 141 points for Julie Blanchette 1st and 132 points for Catherine Cartier 2nd. In 2009-2010 these two same players dominated the classification with 122 points for (1st) Cartier, 110 points for Blanchette 2nd and in addition 83 points for Stéphanie Séguin 4th.


title: Julie Blanchette

paragraphs: Julie Blanchette (born January 9, 1977 in Montreal, Canada) is a Canadian professional ringette player. She plays center position. Blanchette plays for the Montreal Mission of the National Ringette League. She is also a member of the Canadian national women's ringette team.

paragraphs: Blanchette started playing ringette when she was 4 years old. Her brother played ice hockey, and her parents looked for a team game for her. They signed her up with the local ringette club in Montreal. She played her sport at every amateur level in Montreal. She represented Quebec in the Canadian championships and the Canada Games.

paragraphs: Blanchette has been at the professional elite level since 2003. She plays for Montreal Mission in the National Ringette League in Canada. In 2005, she played a season for the club Turun Ringet Turku in the professional ringette league of Finland.

paragraphs: Since 2004, she has been a member of the ringette national team of Canada. She played in the Ringette World championships of 2004 in Stockholm, of 2007 in Ottawa and of 2010 in Tampere. She also played in the world championships of 2008 to Sault Ste-Marie.

paragraphs: She is captain of the Canadian national team and Montreal Mission. She is also a trainer and a coach. She is the trainer of the national Team Canada Under-19 years during the world Championships Under-19 years of 2009 in Prague. In September 2011, Blanchette was named an assistant-coach of the national team of Canada.

paragraphs: Blanchette also plays golf and runs in marathons.


title: Gene Shalit

paragraphs: Gene Shalit (born March 25, 1926) is an American movie and book critic. He has been a critic on NBC's "The Today Show" since January 15, 1973. He is known for his use of puns, his very large handlebar moustache, and for wearing bowties.

paragraphs: He has been reviewing the arts since 1967. He has written for magazines such as "Look" magazine, "Ladies' Home Journal" (for 12 years), "Cosmopolitan", "TV Guide", "Seventeen", "Glamour", "McCall's", and "The New York Times". From 1970–1982 he had a daily report on NBC Radio. In 1987, he published "Laughing Matters—A Treasury of American Humor", a humor anthology. Since 2009, he lives in Great Barrington, Massachusetts, with his cat Fellini. Shalit's children include the artist and entrepreneur Willa Shalit.

paragraphs: Shalit was born in New York City on March 25, 1926. He later moved to Newark, New Jerseywith his mother. In 1932, he and his family moved to Morristown, New Jersey. Born of Jewish parents, Shalit attended Morristown High School. While thee, he wrote a humor column for the school newspaper.

paragraphs: Gene Shalit wrote for "The Daily Illini" for six years at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

paragraphs: Shalit said that he would leave "The Today Show" after 40 years, starting November 11, 2010. He was quoted as saying: "It's enough already". Shalit was Dick Clark's press agent in the early 1960s. Shalit stopped representing Clark during a Congressional investigation. Clark has not spoken to Shalit again and said he was a "jellyfish."


title: Petra Kvitová

paragraphs: Petra Kvitová (born 8 March 1990) is a Czech tennis player. She was born in Bílovec, Czechoslovakia. She is the world no. 6 women's tennis player. Kvitová won the 2011 Wimbledon Championships and the WTA Tour Championships the same year. She won Wimbledon once again in 2014. She reached the semi-finals of the 2012 Australian Open, 2012 French Open, 2010 Wimbledon, the quarter-final of 2015 US Open.


title: Interlingua grammar

paragraphs: Interlingua is a planned language. It uses words that are found in most West-European languages. It was made by IALA. They are a group of people (the most known was Alexander Gode) that worked on it for more than 20 years. The first dictionary for the language was finished and published in 1951. Interlingua was created on the base of languages: English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian.

paragraphs: The vowels in Interlingua are pronounced like in Spanish or LFN (another planned language). The consonants are pronounced, for the most part, like in English or LFN.

paragraphs: Interlingua keeps much of the spelling of Latin words, more near to the forms in English and French than to them in the other Romance languages. For example, it keeps q ([k]), y ([i]), ch ([k]), ph ([f]), rh ([r]), and th ([t]). It keeps also the common use of double consonants. More, it allows versions like ch for [ʃ], s between vowels like [z], c before e/i like [ts], g before e/i like [ʒ], qu before e/i like [k], etc.

paragraphs: Accent is not indicated, even in exceptions, but it follows, for the most part, a system of rules similar to that of LFN.

paragraphs: Interlingua has also a "collateral" spelling, that simplifies the complications above to a system more like this of Spanish or LFN. This collateral spelling has the same status, but in reality it is not much used by adherents. The details:

paragraphs: The plural is "-s" after a vowel, "-es" after a consonant, but "-hes" after final "c":

paragraphs: Interlingua has no grammatical gender. Some words distinguish female from male by changing "-o" into "-a", or by adding "-essa". Other ones have two different forms. But the most of words do not distinguish:

paragraphs: Adjectives do not change for agreement with nouns. They can precede or follow the noun, except numbers, that always precede the noun. In general, short adjectives precede and long adjectives follow.

paragraphs: To compare, use "plus" or "minus" and "le plus" or "le minus":

paragraphs: One can use the suffix "-issime" for the absolute superlative:

paragraphs: The adjectives "bon", "mal", "magne" (big), and "parve" (little) have alternative irregular forms :

paragraphs: There are two kinds of adverbs: first form and second form. Adverbs of first form are a closed class of grammatical words, like "quasi" (almost), "jam" (already), and "totevia" (nevertheless). Adverbs of second form are an open class derived from adjectives by adding the suffix "-mente" (or "-amente" after final "c"):

paragraphs: Some common adverbs have short alternative forms that end with "-o":

paragraphs: Like adjectives, adverbs use "plus", "minus", "le plus", and "le minus":

paragraphs: The adverbs of "bon" and "mal" have alternative irregular forms:

paragraphs: One can use the objective form for the direct object and the indirect object. Or, one can use the preposition "a" before the pronoun for the indirect object:

paragraphs: The reflective pronouns are used when the subject of the verb is the same as the object (direct or indirect). Like in the Romance languages, the reflective is used much more than in English:

paragraphs: Regarding the forms of possession, the longer forms are used in constructions like "le auto es le mie" - the car is mine. But one can also use them more like strong adjectives than the short forms:

paragraphs: Much speakers use "vos" instead of "tu" for courtesy in formal situations:

paragraphs: Use "illes" for groups of persons with both men and women. "Illas" can be used for groups of only women.

paragraphs: "Il" is an impersonal pronoun for using in constructions like "il pluve" (it rains). "Il" can also be used when the real subject is a clause that occurs later in the sentence.

paragraphs: "On" is the pronoun used when the identity of the subject is not clear. The form for objects is "uno":

paragraphs: The major forms are the adjective "iste" or "aqueste" and the pronoun "iste", "ista", and "isto", that can be plural. When the subject of a sentence has two possible predecessors, "iste" refers to the second predecessor.

paragraphs: The adjective of distance is "ille" o "aquelle". The pronouns are the same as the personal pronouns.

paragraphs: The relative pronouns for persons and animals are "qui" (subject and after prepositions) and "que" (object):

paragraphs: The relative pronoun for things is "que" for all uses:

paragraphs: "Il ha duo sortas de inventiones: illos que on discoperi e illos que discoperi uno" - There are two kinds of inventions: those which you discover and those which discover you

paragraphs: "Cuje" - "whose" or "of which" - is used for persons and things:

paragraphs: All they above can be replaced by "le qual" or "le quales":

paragraphs: The relative pronouns are also used as interrogative pronouns.

paragraphs: These are the most common forms of verbs (note exceptions in underlined letters):

paragraphs: The verbs do not vary for persons and plural, except for alternative versions for "esser". The tenses normal are used for the subjunctive and the command. "Esse", "habe", and "vade" have forms short for the present: "es", "ha", and "va".

paragraphs: Infinitives are used for both the infinitive and the gerund, and can be pluralized if needed:

paragraphs: There are three simple tenses - past, present, and future. They are used for both the perfect (completed) and the imperfect, and for both the perfective and the non-perfective (continuing).

paragraphs: The participles in Interlingua are incoherent: verbs in "-ir" use "-iente" for the active participle, and verbs in "-er" use "-ite" for the passive participle. Other verbs use "-nte" and "-te:"

paragraphs: Instead of the simple tenses, one can use composed forms. For the past, one can use "ha" and other forms of "habe", with the past participle:

paragraphs: For the future, use "va" and other forms of "vade", with the infinitive:

paragraphs: Used rarely, "velle" with the infinitive is the hypothetical composed:

paragraphs: The passive is formed by using "es" or other forms of "esser" with the passive participle:

paragraphs: The passive to the Past Perfect is created by using habeva essite with the passive participle:

paragraphs: Here are examples of various forms of commands:

paragraphs: "Sia" is the interrogative form and the subjunctive of "esser":

paragraphs: Because the verb "esser" is irregular in many European languages, Interlingua allows the use of versions:

paragraphs: Some persons use also these forms of "esser" in the present tense:

paragraphs: Because Interlingua is a "neo-Latin" language, it keeps any of the double roots of Latin that survive in the Romance languages and English. For example:

paragraphs: Many speakers of Interlingua prefer the use of the more recognizable form in international vocabularies, and drop the other ones.

paragraphs: The normal order of words in Interlingua is subject-verb-object, but one can use other orders if the meaning is clear:

paragraphs: But pronouns tend to follow the order of the Romance languages - subject-object-verb - except for infinitives and commands, that has the object after the verb:

paragraphs: If two pronouns - first the object direct and second the indirect object - occur with the same verb, the indirect object goes first:

paragraphs: One can form questions in different ways:

paragraphs: 1. By putting the verb before the subject:

paragraphs: 2. By using a word of question instead of the subject:

paragraphs: 3. By adding the particle "esque" (or, more rarely, "an") to the beginning of the sentence:

paragraphs: 4. By change the tone of the sentence, or by adding a question mark, without change the normal order:


title: University of Wisconsin System

paragraphs: The University of Wisconsin System is the main public higher education system of the U.S. state of Wisconsin. It consists of 13 four-year campuses, a unit that operates 13 two-year colleges and an online campus. It also has an extension unit that offers courses in every county in the state.

paragraphs: Two of the campuses are "research universities" that award doctoral degrees:

paragraphs: Eleven other campuses are "comprehensive universities" that award bachelor's and Master's degrees:

paragraphs: The two-year campus system is known as the University of Wisconsin Colleges. Students who earn associate's degrees from any campus in this system are guaranteed a place at a four-year campus if they meet certain requirements. This system includes:

paragraphs: Note that this system is separate from the Wisconsin Technical College System. That is another public two-year college system in Wisconsin.

paragraphs: Finally, the University of Wisconsin–Extension provides college courses, plus farming and business help, in at least one place in every one of the state's 72 counties. It also runs the state's public radio and television networks.


title: Fluffernutter

paragraphs: A Fluffernutter is a sandwich made with peanut butter and marshmallow creme. It is usually served on white bread. Some recipes have wheat bread instead of white bread. Many sweets and salty, savory ingredients can be added for enjoyment. Foods with peanut butter and marshmallow creme can also be called "fluffernutters".

paragraphs: In June 2006, Massachusetts State Senator Jarrett Barrios proposed an act to stop serving Fluffernutter sandwiches in public schools. Barrios' supporters pointed to the problem of childhood obesity. Massachusetts State Representative Kathi-Anne Reinstein planned to "fight to the death for Fluff". She supported acts that would make the Fluffernutter the official state sandwich. The measure failed, and Reinstein tried again unsuccessfully in 2009.

paragraphs: A Fluffernutter is made by spreading peanut butter on a slice of white bread, then spreading marshmallow creme on another slice. When the two breads are put together, they make a sandwich. Different recipes have wheat bread instead of white bread, and Nutella hazelnut spread instead of peanut butter. Sweet ingredients can be added like bananas.Salty ingredients like bacon can also be added. The Fluffernutter is like a peanut butter and jelly sandwich. The fluffernutter is often seen as a food for children., but adults like it too. For example, in a restaurant, a chef serves a Fluffernutter hors d'oeuvre in a toasted ice cream cone with a spoon of peanut butter and torched marshmallow creme on top.

paragraphs: The term "fluffernutter" has also been used to describe other foods that have peanut butter and marshmallow creme. There are Fluffernutter cookies, Fluffernutter bars, and Fluffernutter cupcakes. Durkee-Mower has a cookbook that has recipes for Fluffernutter bars, frostings, pies and a shakes. In 2006, Brigham's Ice Cream and Durkee-Mower made a Fluffernutter ice cream flavor. The flavor had peanut butter and Marshmallow Fluff in vanilla ice cream. Fluffernutter was also the name of a candy made by the Boyer Brothers candy company starting in 1969.

paragraphs: One of the main ingredients of the Fluffernutter is Marshmallow Creme. It was invented in the early 20th century by Archibald Query. During World War I, Emma Curtis published a recipe for the "Liberty Sandwich", which consisted of peanut butter and Marshmallow Creme on oat or barley bread. The recipe was published in a promotional booklet sent to Curtis' customers in 1918. It may be the origin of the Fluffernutter sandwich. Earlier labels and booklets by the Curtises suggested combining Snow Flake Marshmallow Creme with peanut butter or eating it on sandwiches with chopped nuts or olives.

paragraphs: Meanwhile, sugar shortages during World War I hurt sales of Archibald Query's Marshmallow Creme. Query sold his recipe in 1920 to H. Allen Durkee and Fred L. Mower from Swampscott, Massachusetts. The two men began selling the product through their company, Durkee-Mower Inc. They renamed the product Toot Sweet Marshmallow Fluff. Durkee-Mower continues to sell the product under the name Marshmallow Fluff. The sandwich was not called a Fluffernutter until 1960. "Fluffernutter" is a registered trademark of Durkee-Mower. The company's U.S. trademark registrations for the term cover only ice cream and printed recipes. In 2006, Durkee-Mower sued Williams-Sonoma Inc. in the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts, alleging that Williams-Sonoma infringed on its trademark by selling a marshmallow and peanut butter chocolate-covered candy under the "Fluffernutter" name.

paragraphs: In June 2006, Massachusetts State Senator Jarrett Barrios gained national attention when he proposed legislation restricting the serving of Fluffernutter sandwiches in public schools. After Barrios learned that his son was served Fluffernutters on a daily basis at his Cambridge, Massachusetts, public elementary school, he created an amendment to a junk food bill that aimed to limit the serving of Fluffernutters in Massachusetts public schools to once a week. The proposal was criticized as an example of trivial and overly intrusive legislation, while Barrios' supporters pointed to concerns over the problem of childhood obesity. Among the people who defended the Fluffernutter at the time was Massachusetts State Representative Kathi-Anne Reinstein, whose district in Revere was close to Lynn, where Marshmallow Fluff is made. She claimed she planned to "fight to the death for Fluff" and supported legislation that would make the Fluffernutter the official state sandwich. The measure failed, and Reinstein tried again unsuccessfully in 2009. Supporters of the bill cited the sandwich's close association with childhood and Massachusetts.

paragraphs: The term "fluffernutter" has sometimes been used to describe something that has minimal to no cultural value. Some writers look at Fluffernutters and marshmallow creme as regional pride.

paragraphs: The sandwich has close ties to New England, particularly to Somerville, Massachusetts, where Archibald Query invented Marshmallow Fluff, and to Lynn, Massachusetts, where Durkee-Mower has produced it for decades. Somerville holds an annual festival called What the Fluff? based around celebrating Marshmallow Fluff and Fluffernutter sandwiches. The festival incorporates music, visual art, games and a cooking contest based around Fluff and Fluffernutters. In 2011, NASA astronaut Richard Michael Linnehan, who was born in Lowell, Massachusetts, and ate a Fluffernutter while aboard the International Space Station, acted as one of the contest judges.


title: Hans Moehrlen

paragraphs: Hans Moehrlen (1907–1977; Hans Martin Sutermeister) was a Swiss doctor, writer and politician. He studied medicine in Basel and was a professor at the "Volkshochschule" Bern. Moehren did a large amount of work to help people who were punished for crimes they did not do. In the 1960s, he wrote reports about criminal medicine. His most important work was "Summa Iniuria".


title: Wilson Pickett

paragraphs: Wilson Pickett (March 18, 1941 – January 19, 2006) was an American R&B/soul singer and songwriter.

paragraphs: Picket was a major figure in the development of American soul music. Among his best known hits are "In the Midnight Hour", "Land of a Thousand Dances", "Mustang Sally", "Hey Jude" and "Funky Broadway". Pickett often crossed over to the US "Billboard" Hot 100.


title: Hillsboro, Oregon

paragraphs: Hillsboro is a city in the U.S. state of Oregon. It is near Portland.


title: Gastroesophageal reflux disease

paragraphs: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic medical problem involving the part of the body which runs from the mouth to the stomach.

paragraphs: The problem exists when stomach contents move backwards towards the mouth. Food or liquid moves from the stomach into the tube between the mouth and the stomach. That tube is called the oesophagus.

paragraphs: The burning sensation is commonly called "heartburn," but it has nothing to do with the heart.


title: National Ringette League

paragraphs: The National Ringette League (also indicated by the initials NRL) is an elite league of ringette in Canada. The NRL groups together the best nineteen-year-old players of the country. The NRL consists of nineteen teams separated into two conferences. The western conference has six teams and the east conference has thirteen teams. The LNR recruits directly from Ringuette Canada, the guiding organisation for the ringette in Canada. The great majority of the players come from Canada even if some players arise from the United States or from Finland.

paragraphs: Ringette was introduced in 1963 in North Bay, Ontario. The sport is now played by 50,000 young women across Canada. The creation of the National Ringette League is following the success of the 2002 Ringette world championships in Edmonton where Canada won the gold medal. The first NRL season was played in November 2004 with 17 teams. In the 2011-12 season, the NRL enters its eighth season with 19 teams playing in two conferences:

paragraphs: The regular season of the NRL begins in October and comes to an end in March. All in all, thirty one matches are competed by each of the teams during the regular season. Each of the teams faces only teams of their conference. This structure allows to reduce the costs of transport given the size of the Canadian territory covered by the league. At the end of the regular season, there is a break of a week when the various individual distinctions are awarded, then a NRL Championship Tournament.

paragraphs: In 2010-11 season, new fact, an NRL Championship Tournament replaces the Championship qualifying rounds, this tournament takes place in just one city. This allows to create a media event and to hold attention. Ten better teams in the regular season of the league, participate in this tournament which crowns the team champion of the league.

paragraphs: From March 27th till April 2nd, 2011, the NRL Championship Tournament takes place to Cambridge, Ontario. In Final game, the Edmonton WAM! triumph over the Cambridge Turbos

paragraphs: This is a list of NRL champions season by season:

paragraphs: The championship final game is broadcast on Rogers TV.

paragraphs: At the end of each season (at the end of March) the League announces its annual awards during the week of break before the playoffs. The annual NRL honors reward the athletes having obtained excellent performances during the regular season. Each of the twp conferences present one athlete and one coach as the finalists in every category. The players and coaches of the National Championship Tournament are chosen among these finalists.

paragraphs: The NRL works with the lower Ringette leagues to help young players improve in the sport. Several NRL teams additional teams of young players under 19 years old and under 16 years old. The Canadians Championship U16 and U19 (usually in April) take place in the same place as the NRL playoff tournament. This helps the scouts from the NRL teams to identify the young talented players.


title: Musashi Province

paragraphs: The province had borders with Kai, Kōzuke, Sagami, Shimōsa, and Shimotsuke Provinces.

paragraphs: The ancient capital city of the province was near Fuchu. By the Sengoku period, the main city was Edo.

paragraphs: In the Edo period, the Tōkaidō road was the main route between the Imperial capital at Kyoto and the main city of the Tokugawa Shogunate. The road passed through Musashi.

paragraphs: In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures. The maps of Japan and Musashi Province were reformed in the 1870s.

paragraphs: The Imperial Japanese Navy battleship "Musashi" was named after the province.

paragraphs: The height of Tokyo Sky Tree is . The figures 6 (mu), 3 (sa), 4 (shi) stand for "Musashi", which is an old name for the area where the Tokyo Sky Tree stands.

paragraphs: "Hikawa jinja" was the chief Shinto shrine ("ichinomiya") of the province;


title: Tupolev Tu-95

paragraphs: Tupolev Tu-95 (code-named Bear) was a heavy bomber plane first used in the Cold War. It was made by Tupolev. It was able to carry four powerful nuclear bombs, and in its later years it was used as a spy plane and an unmanned bomber.

paragraphs: The Tu-95 first flew in 1952, and was introduced in 1956. It was used a lot during the Cold War, this is because it could fly to far places. In fact, it could go more than 500 miles per hour, and has a range of 9,000 miles. The plane is driven by a turboprop engine, which makes it fast. The plane's speed is also given by its wings, which are swept back to make it sleek.

paragraphs: Unlike most new bombers, the Tu-95 has a turret in the tail. Right now, the Tu-95 is still in the Russian Air Force. There is also another version, called the Tu-142 that is in the Russian Navy. The Bear will be in militaries until the year 2040.


title: Ningbo

paragraphs: Ningbo is a city in Zhejiang Province. It lies in east China, close to Shanghai. Ningbo is known as an important port city in China. International trade in Ningbo began in Tang dynasty. Port of Ningbo is still the port transporting largest amount of good in China.

paragraphs: Ningbo Municipality is divided into 6 districts, 2 counties and 2 county-level cities.


title: Australian Broadcasting Corporation

paragraphs: The Australian Broadcasting Corporation, known as "the ABC", is Australia's national public broadcaster. It has a yearly budget of A$1.18 billion. The ABC provides television, radio, online and mobile information services throughout Australia, as well as overseas through the Australia Network and Radio Australia.

paragraphs: It began in 1929 as the Australian Broadcasting Company. It became a government owned corporation on 1 July 1932, called the Australian Broadcasting Commission. The "Australian Broadcasting Corporation Act 1983" changed the name of the organisation to the "Australian Broadcasting Corporation", from 1 July 1983. Although funded and owned by the government, the ABC remains editorially independent. This independence part of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation Act 1983.

paragraphs: The ABC has 46 local radio stations, four national networks and international service Radio Australia. It also has three digital radio stations.

paragraphs: ABC Local Radio has 46 individual stations, each with a similar format. This format is locally presented light entertainment, news, talk back, music, sport and interviews. It also has some national programs such as "AM" snd "PM" (current affairs), "The World Today", sporting events and "Nightlife".

paragraphs: ABC Radio National broadcasts more than 60 special interest programs every week. These cover a range of topics including music, comedy, book readings, radio dramas, poetry, science, health, the arts, religion, social history and current affairs.

paragraphs: ABC NewsRadio is a continuous news service. It was known as the Parliamentary and News Network. It was set up to broadcast sittings of the Australia Federal Parliament, and to provide a news service at other times. The network broadcasts news on a 24 hours a day, seven days a week, with updates on the quarter-hour. Much of the news content is produced by the ABC itself, however many programs come from the BBC World Service, NPR, Deutsche Welle, Radio Netherlands and CNN Radio.

paragraphs: ABC Classic FM was the ABC's first FM radio service. It was originally called "ABC FM". Its format was based on community stations and BBC Radio 3.

paragraphs: Triple J is a national youth radio network. It plays contemporary alternative and independent music. Its audience is people aged 18–35. While the network plays music from around the world, it has a strong focus on local artists. Triple J was formerly known as "Double Jay" when it launched in Sydney on 19 January 1975.

paragraphs: The ABC operates four TV channels. ABC1, the Corporation's original television service, receives most of funding for television and shows new comedy, drama, documentaries, and news and current affairs. In each state and territory a local news bulletin is shown at 7.00 p.m. nightly.

paragraphs: In 2001 ABC TV began its digital service.

paragraphs: ABC2 which began in 2005, is a digital-only channel that shows mainly repeated programs from ABC1. It does have some original content including news programs, children's shows, animation, and music shows.

paragraphs: ABC3 is a children's TV channel which began in December 2009.t

paragraphs: ABC News 24 is a 24-hour news channel which began on 22 July 2010.


title: Rudy Fernández

paragraphs: He comes from a keen basketball family; his father also was a professional basketball player. He first started playing in the Joventut Badalona team, in the ACB (2003-2008). In 2008 he left the Joventut team and started playing for the Portland Trail Blazers in the NBA league. His first match with this team was against his old friend Pau Gasol.

paragraphs: His second year joining the NBA was not as good as he expected, he got backache several times. In December 2009, Fernández underwent microdiscectomy surgery for a herniated disc. It was causing leg pain.

paragraphs: He has also joined other teams, such as the Real Madrid (2011) and the Denver Nuggets. On July 4, 2012, Fernández signed a 3-year deal with Real Madrid.

paragraphs: He has won five medals: two silver in the European Championship and also in the Olympic Games, and three golden in the World Championship, and two in the European Championship.


title: Ricky Rubio

paragraphs: Ricard "Ricky" Rubio i Vives (born October 21, 1990) is a Spanish basketball player.

paragraphs: He was born on 21 October 1990 in El Masnou, near Barcelona. He began playing in the Spanish ACB League on October 15, 2005, at age 14. He was the youngest player to ever play in the ACB. In 2009, he was drafted by the Minnesota Timberwolves of the NBA. He was the first person born in the 1990s to be drafted in the NBA.

paragraphs: In 2011, after two further seasons in Spain with FC Barcelona Bàsquet, the basketball section of the famous FC Barcelona football (soccer) club, he joined the Timberwolves. But he has changed his team and now plays for the Phoenix Suns.


title: Neolithic British Isles

paragraphs: The Neolithic British Isles is about the remains of tribes living in the islands from about 4000 BC to 2,500 BC. These people left stone monuments and other remains in Great Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man and many other islands. The Neolithic was the last part of the Stone Age in the British Isles.

paragraphs: The most outstanding Neolithic archaeological sites are now UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

paragraphs: Before the Neolithic period was the Mesolithic period, and after the Neolithic was the Bronze Age. During the Mesolithic, the inhabitants of the British Isles were nomadic hunter-gatherers. Around 4000 BC new ideas arrived in the islands from continental Europe. These ideas were taken up by the natives, and led to huge changes in both the society and the landscape. This has been called the Neolithic Revolution.

paragraphs: The Neolithic is marked by agriculture and living in settlements, with the hunter-gatherer lifestyle declining. To make room for the new farmland, these early agricultural communities cut down trees (deforestation) across the islands. This very greatly changed the landscape. At the same time, many new types of stone tools began to be produced. They needed new skills, such as polishing.

paragraphs: The Neolithic tribes built many monuments in the landscape, many of which were megalithic in nature. The earliest of these are the chambered tombs, although later came the building of stone circles, a trend that would continue into the following Bronze Age. These constructions were probably places for ceremonies and religious rites. New ideas about religion, ritual and social hierarchy came with the new lifestyle.

paragraphs: Neolithic people on these islands were not literate, so left no written record. Everything we know about this time comes from archaeological investigations. This investigation began with the antiquarians of the 18th century, and intensified in the 19th when John Lubbock coined the term "Neolithic". The work expanded during the 20th and 21st centuries.

paragraphs: During the Mesolithic, Britain was still attached by the landmass of Doggerland to the rest of continental Europe.

paragraphs: Archaeologist and prehistorian Caroline Malone noted that during the Late Mesolithic, the British Isles were something of a "technological backwater" in European terms, still living as a hunter-gatherer society whilst most of southern Europe had already taken up agriculture and sedentary living.

paragraphs: The first societies in the world to abandon hunter-gathering and replace it with agriculture were found in the Near East around 8000–6000 BC. Similar developments occurred independently in China, and later in Mesoamerica, southeast Asia, Africa and India. It was in the Near East that the "most important developments in early farming" occurred in the Levant and the mountains surrounding what is now Syria, Israel, Jordan, Turkey, Iran and Iraq. These areas already had rich ecological variation that was being exploited by hunter-gatherers in the Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods.

paragraphs: Early signs of these hunter-gatherers beginning to harvest, select and grow various food plants have been found in the Mesolithic Natufian culture of the Levant. These are signs that would later lead to the actual domestication and farming of crops. Archaeologists believe that the Levantine peoples developed agriculture between 8000 and 7000 BC in response to a rise in their population levels which could not be fed by the food which hunting and gathering could provide. The idea of agriculture spread from the Levant into Europe, being adopted by hunter-gathering societies in what is now Turkey, Greece, the Balkans, and across the Mediterranean, eventually reaching north-western Europe and the British Isles.

paragraphs: The archaeological community still debate whether the Neolithic Revolution was brought to the British Isles through by adoption by natives or by migrating groups of continental Europeans who decided to settle there.

paragraphs: The period that followed the Neolithic is known by archaeologists as the Bronze Age, because bronze was used for making certain tools.


title: Frank Welker

paragraphs: Franklin Wendell "Frank" Welker (born March 12, 1946) is an American voice actor who has done over 800 different voice roles in various animated films, television shows, video games and commercials. He is best known for doing animal sounds and monster sounds too, and he's known for being the voice of Scooby Doo since 2002 and the current voice of Fred Jones since 1969. Welker is one of the highest-grossing actors in Hollywood.


title: Walt Dohrn

paragraphs: Walter Jonathan "Walt" Dohrn (born 1970) is an American writer, director, artist, actor, animator, musician, screenwriter, and voice artist. He is best known as the voice of Rumpelstiltskin in "Shrek Forever After". He also did additional voices in "Shrek the Third" and was also the voice of Doodlebob in the "SpongeBob SquarePants" episode "Frankendoodle."

paragraphs: Dohrn has also worked as writer and director of Season 2 of "SpongeBob SquarePants".


title: Meigs Field

paragraphs: Merrill C. Meigs Field Airport , was a single strip airport that operated from December 1948 until March 2003. It was built on Northerly Island.

paragraphs: The airport opened on December 10, 1948, and became America's busiest single-strip airport in 1955. The air traffic tower was built in 1952 and the terminal was built in 1961. The airfield was named for Merrill C. Meigs, an aviation enthuisist.

paragraphs: The airport was a common sight on the Chicago lakefront. It was also known as the default airport in many versions of "Microsoft Flight Simulator". It was featured in Microsoft's "Midtown Madness" and Reflections' "Driver 2" video game. The airport is also the main location of the film "Powers of Ten".

paragraphs: The Main Terminal was used by the Chicago Department of Aviation. The runway at Meigs Field was . There were four helicopter pads at the south end of the runway.


title: Corvallis, Oregon

paragraphs: Corvallis is a city in the U.S. state of Oregon. Corvallis is the location of Oregon State University. As of 2013, the population was 55,298. It is the county seat of Benton County, as well as the most populated city in Benton County.


title: Gresham, Oregon

paragraphs: Gresham is a city in the U.S. state of Oregon near Portland.


title: Hood River, Oregon

paragraphs: Hood River is a city in the U.S. state of Oregon on the Columbia River.


title: Tillamook, Oregon

paragraphs: Tillamook is a city in the U.S. state of Oregon.


title: Roseburg, Oregon

paragraphs: Roseburg is a city in the U.S. state of Oregon. According to the U.S. Census 21,181 people lived in Roseburg in 2010.

paragraphs: On October 1, 2015, a gunman killed twelve people and injured twenty others at Umpqua Community College in Roseburg.


title: Medford, Oregon

paragraphs: Medford is a city in the U.S. state of Oregon.


title: Madras, Oregon

paragraphs: Madras is a city in the U.S. state of Oregon.


title: Bend, Oregon

paragraphs: Bend is a city in the U.S. state of Oregon.


title: Oregon City, Oregon

paragraphs: Oregon City is a city in the U.S. state of Oregon.


title: Celtic polytheism

paragraphs: Celtic polytheism is the name for a set of beliefs or religion. Another term frequently used for Celtic polytheism is Celtic paganism. It was originally held by the European people called Celts today. There was a movement to convert these people to Christianity; this process was finished by about 500 AD.

paragraphs: The first findings relating to this set of beliefs can be dated to about 500 BC. The system of beliefs lasted roughly one millennium, in the La Tène period, and the Roman era.

paragraphs: In the case of the Celts on the British Isles, this also included parts of the Iron Age. Celtic polytheism was one of the Iron Age polytheistic religions of the Indo-European family.

paragraphs: There are many different names for the gods of the Celtic pantheon. These names have either been recorded by Ancient Greek or Ancient Roman geographers, or they have been found in inscriptions on graves. Among the most prominent of these gods are Teutatis, Taranis and Lugus. People involved in comparative mythology have also added figures from medieval Irish mythology to this list. They say that these figures are deities or heroes from earlier times that have been interpreted in a different way. This process is known as "Euhemerisation", after Euhemeros, a philosopher from Ancient Greece who described this process.

paragraphs: According to Roman historians, the Celts practiced human sacrifice as part of their religion. There also seems to have been a caste of "magico-religious specialists", which were called druids in Gaul, Britain and Ireland. Little is known about them today.

paragraphs: The Roman Empire conquered Gaul between 58 and 51 BC, and southern Britannia in the year 43 AD. After this, the Celtic religious practices changed, and elements of Romanisation started to show. This resulted in a Gallo-Roman culture, which had its own Gallo-Roman religious traditions. The number of deities increased, and deities such as Cernunnos were added.

paragraphs: In the 5th and 6th centuries, there was another change, as Christianity became the dominant faith in the Celtic area. It replaced the earlier religions, but influenced later mythology. In the 20th century, a new religious movement called Celtic Neopaganism appeared.


title: Coligny calendar

paragraphs: The Coligny calendar is a celtic calendar from roman times. It was found near Lyon in 1897. It was made of bronze, but today, only fragments remain. Studies found that these fragments made up a gallic calendar, which had been created for a period of five years. The calendar indicates both the time of the solar year and the phase of the moon, which is generally called a lunisolar calendar.

paragraphs: It was engraved on a bronze tablet, preserved in 73 fragments, that originally was 1.48 m wide and 0.9 m high (Lambert p. 111) or approximately wide by 3½ feet in height. Based on the style of lettering and the accompanying objects, it probably dates to the end of the 2nd century AD. It is written in Latin inscriptional capitals and is in the Gaulish language (Duval & Pinault). The restored tablet contains sixteen vertical columns, with 62 months distributed over five years.

paragraphs: The French archaeologist, J. Monard, speculated that it was recorded by druids wishing to preserve their tradition of timekeeping in a time when the Julian calendar was being imposed throughout the Roman Empire. However, the general form of the calendar suggests the public peg calendars (or "parapegmata") found throughout the Greek and Roman world (Lehoux pp. 63–65).

paragraphs: A similar calendar found nearby at Villards d'Heria () is only preserved in eight small fragments. It is now preserved in the "Musée d'Archéologie du Jura" at "Lons-le-Saunier".


title: Lunisolar calendar

paragraphs: A lunisolar calendar is a calendar that uses lunar months but solar years. The Hebrew calendar and the Chinese calendar are lunisolar calendars used today.


title: Davenport Municipal Airport

paragraphs: Davenport Municipal Airport is an airport in Davenport, Iowa. It was founded in 1948. The Quad City Air Show has been held at this airport since 1987. The air show is held the last weekend of June every year.

paragraphs: The airport is run by Carver Aero Inc. The airport has two runways and a hangar. Most of the airplanes coming in and out of Davenport Municipal are local. However, some private jets also use the airport for longer trips. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration uses the National Weather Service office in Davenport Municipal Airport. The U.S. Army Iowa National Guard 1/109th Aviation Battalion has four CH-47 Chinook helicopters there.


title: PubMed

paragraphs: PubMed is a free online database of references on life sciences. It was established in January 1996. The United States National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) maintains the database.

paragraphs: Each record in the PubMed database is assigned a special number to identify it. This is the PMID, an acronym for "PubMed IDentifier" number. PMIDs do not change over time and they are never reused. Any PMID is only a number. The PMID tells the reader nothing about the type or quality of the content of any publication.


title: Clickjacking

paragraphs: Clickjacking is a malicious technique of tricking web users into revealing private information or taking control of their computer while clicking on what look like harmless web pages.

paragraphs: The term "clickjacking" was coined by Jeremiah Grossman and Robert Hansen, that is a combination of the words "click" and "hijacking."


title: Robert Fortune

paragraphs: Robert Fortune (16 September 1812 – 13 April 1880) was a Scottish plant expert, plant hunter and traveller best known for introducing tea plants from China to India.

paragraphs: Fortune was born in Kelloe, Berwickshire. He was employed in the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, and later in the garden of Horticultural Society of London at Chiswick. In 1842 was sent out by the Society to collect plants in China.

paragraphs: He brought back to Europe many new, exotic and beautiful flowers. His most famous achievement was the successful introduction of tea from China to India in 1848 on behalf of the British East India Company.

paragraphs: Like some European travellers of that period, such as Walter Medhurst, Fortune disguised himself as a Chinese merchant during several of his journeys into parts of China that were prohibited to him. Not only was Fortune's purchase of tea plants forbidden by the Chinese government of the time, but he was not permitted to travel more than one day from certain ports where Europeans were allowed to trade. Fortune travelled to some areas of China that had seldom been visited by Europeans, including remote areas of Fujian, Guangdong, and Jiangsu provinces.

paragraphs: Fortune employed many different means to transport tea plants, seedlings, and other botanical discoveries, but he is most well known for his use of cases like small greenhouses called Wardian cases (as used by Nathaniel Bagshaw Ward) to keep the plants alive. With these cases Fortune introduced 20,000 tea plants and seedlings to the Darjeeling region of India. He also brought with him a group of trained Chinese tea workers to assist in the production of tea leaves. Except for a few plants which survived in Indian gardens, most of the Chinese tea plants Fortune introduced to India died. The special growing methods and knowledge that was brought over from China, however, may have been very helpful in the later success of the Indian tea industry.

paragraphs: Apart from his many contributions to plant history, Fortune was the first European to discover that black tea and green tea were actually from the same plant.

paragraphs: In later journeys he visited Formosa (now called Taiwan) and Japan, and described the culture of the silkworm and the growing of rice. He introduced many trees, shrubs and flowers to the West, including the cumquat, a climbing double yellow rose ('Fortune's Double Yellow' (syn. Gold of Ophir) which proved a failure in England's climate) and many varieties of tree peonies, azaleas and chrysanthemums. A climbing white rose that he brought back from China in 1850 was named "R. fortuniana" (syn. "R. fortuneana") in his honor. This rose also proved a failure in England, preferring warmer climates. Today both of these roses are still widely grown by antique rose fanciers in mild winter regions. "R. fortuniana" is also a valuable rootstock in Australia and the southern regions of the United States.

paragraphs: The stories of his travels were told in a number of different books. He died in London in 1880, and is buried in Brompton Cemetery.


title: Neuroethology

paragraphs: Neuroethology is the study of animal behavior and its control by the nervous system. Neuroethology explores how the brain links stimuli (e.g. sights, sounds, or smells) to behavior. For example, many bats and Odontoceti have a special ability called echolocation. They use echolocation to find prey and to navigate. Researchers study their auditory system to show how sounds can be changed into a neural representation of sound. Neuroethologists are scientists who study neuroethology. They try to discover how the nervous system works. They often use animals with special behaviors in their research.

paragraphs: The word neuroethology combines ideas from two fields: neurobiology (the study of the nervous system) and ethology (the study of behavior in nature). Neuroethology focusses on natural behavior. Natural behaviors of animals were created by natural selection (e.g., finding mates, moving, avoiding enemies). Neuroethology avoids artificial behaviors like those in lab experiments.


title: Institute of Jewish Studies

paragraphs: The Institute of Jewish Studies in Nanjing, China has a connection with the Department of Religious Studies at Nanjing University.

paragraphs: It was created in January, 1992, after friendship between Israel and the People's Republic of China started over again. It gives classes in Jewish lessons where there are over 200 students each year, and has published a Chinese kind of the "Encyclopaedia Judaica", and other books or other things released. It has now created both masters and Ph.D. programs in Jewish leasons, the only Chinese school that has ever done that. It had an worldwide seminar on The Holocaust and the killing of people due to their skin color or religion in World War II on August 7–12, 2005, in Nanjing.

paragraphs: It was renamed the Diane and Guilford Glazer Institute of Jewish Studies after a quarters for it from the Diane and Guilford Glazer Foundation was built in a new building at the school in 2006. It is planned that it will become part of a larger Nanjing University-Johns Hopkins University Institute for International Research.

paragraphs: The director of the school is professor Xu Xin.