title: Robert L. Johnson

paragraphs: Robert Louis Johnson (born April 8, 1946 is American entrepreneur, media magnate, executive, philanthropist, and investor.He is the co-founder of BET, which was acquired by Viacom in 2001 . He is also the founder of RLJ Companies which is a holding company that invests in various business sectors .Johnson is the former majority owner of the Charlotte Bobcats.His company is listed d among the most prominent African-American businesses in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries

paragraphs: Johnson was born in 1946 in French Camp, California . His mother was a schoolteacher and his father was a farmer . Johnson graduated from the University of Illinois in 1968 with a bachelor's degree in social studies . At the University of Illinois, Johnson became a member of the Beta chapter of Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity . He received a master's degree in public affairs from the Woodrow Wilson School at Princeton University in 1972 .

paragraphs: He married Shelia Johnson in 1969 and have 2 children .They divorced in 2001 .Johnson dated Lauren Wooden, who is 33 years his junior, in 2010. As . They married in May 2016 Greg Mathis officiated.


title: Stewart Butterfield

paragraphs: Daniel Stewart Butterfield is Canadian. He helped create Flickr, which allows you to share photos online. He also helped create Slack, which is a messaging app with more advanced features.


title: William Allen White

paragraphs: William Allen White (February 10, 1868 – January 29, 1944) was an American newspaper editor, politician, author, and leader of the Progressive movement. Between 1896 and his death, White became a spokesman for middle America.

paragraphs: White was born in Emporia, Kansas. White moved to El Dorado, Kansas with his parents, Allen and Mary Ann Hatten White. He spent most of his childhood in El Dorado. He loved animals, and he loved reading various books.

paragraphs: White became a leader of the Progressive movement in Kansas. He created the Kansas Republican League in 1912. He did this to oppose railroads. White helped Theodore Roosevelt form the Progressive (Bull-Moose) Party in 1912. He did this to oppose the conservatives helping Republican president William Howard Taft.

paragraphs: White married Sallie Lindsay in 1893. They had two children, William Lindsay, born in 1900, and Mary Katherine, born in 1904. Mary died in a 1921 horse-riding accident. This led to her father to writing a famous eulogy, "Mary White," on August 17, 1921.


title: Bonner Springs, Kansas

paragraphs: Bonner Springs is a city in Wyandotte, Leavenworth, and Johnson counties, Kansas, United States. It is part of the Kansas City Metropolitan Area. In 2010, 7,314 people lived there. In 2016, the estimated amount of people was 7,665. Bonner Springs became a city on November 10, 1898.

paragraphs: Bonner Springs is at (39.0597260, −94.8835754), mostly north of the Kansas River. It is mainly in southwestern Wyandotte County. There are small parts of the city going west into Leavenworth County and south across the Kansas River into Johnson County. It is bordered to the north by Kansas City, Kansas, to the east by Edwardsville, and to the south across the Kansas River by Shawnee. Interstate 70, goes through the northern part of the city. I-70 goes east to Kansas City, Missouri, and west to Lawrence. US-73 goes north to Leavenworth, and K-7 goes south to Olathe. K-32 goes through the center of Bonner Springs close to the Kansas River. It goes east into Edwardsville and west to Linwood.

paragraphs: The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . Of that, are land and , or 2.26%, are water.

paragraphs: Bonner Springs has a humid continental climate. They have hot, humid summers and cold, dry winters.

paragraphs: The 2010 census says that there were 7,314 people, 2,810 households, and 1,917 families living in Bonner Springs.


title: Valley Center, Kansas

paragraphs: Valley Center is a city in Sedgwick County, Kansas, United States. It is a suburb of Wichita. In 2010, 6,822 people lived there.

paragraphs: Valley Center was incorporated on September 29, 1885. It was named for its place in the valley of the Arkansas River.

paragraphs: Valley Center is at (37.829719, -97.369341). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it land.

paragraphs: Valley Center is two miles west of combined Interstate 135, U.S. Route 81, and K-15.

paragraphs: Valley Center is part of the Wichita, KS Metropolitan Statistical Area.

paragraphs: The 2010 census says that there were 6,822 people, 2,484 households, and 1,862 families living in Valley Center.


title: Pratt, Kansas

paragraphs: Pratt is a city in Pratt County, Kansas, United States. It is the county seat of Pratt County. In 2010, 6,835 people lived there. Pratt has the Pratt Community College.

paragraphs: Pratt was created in 1884. It was named after Caleb S. Pratt. He was a young Civil War officer from the Kansas Infantry. He was killed in the Battle of Wilson's Creek near Springfield, Missouri. The first post office in Pratt was created in June 1884.

paragraphs: In 1887, the Chicago, Kansas and Nebraska Railway built a railroad from Herington to Pratt.

paragraphs: The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . Of that, is land and is water. Pratt is about eighty miles west of Wichita.

paragraphs: The 2010 census says that there were 6,835 people, 2,837 households, and 1,713 families living in Pratt.

paragraphs: Pratt is served by Unified School District 382 and Unified School District 438.

paragraphs: There are daily buses. They go east towards Wichita, Kansas and west towards Pueblo, Colorado. The buses are by BeeLine Express (subcontractor of Greyhound Lines).


title: Bel Aire, Kansas

paragraphs: Bel Aire is a city in Sedgwick County, Kansas, United States. It is a suburb of Wichita. In 2010, 6,769 people lived there.

paragraphs: Bel Aire was created in January 1955 when a group of local residents asked the county government to create it. They wanted this place to be an improvement district for water.

paragraphs: On November 26, 1980, Bel Aire officially incorporated as a city. This was after a two-year legal dispute with the Wichita city government. The dispute was about whether or not Pratt had the right to become its own city. The case went to the Kansas Supreme Court, and the Court ruled in Bel Aire's favor.

paragraphs: Bel Aire is at (37.763758, −97.266177). It has an elevation of 1,394 feet (425 m). It is on the north side of the East Fork of Chisholm Creek. It is about northeast of the Arkansas River in the Wellington-McPherson Lowlands region of the Great Plains. It is on the south side of K-254 in south-central Kansas. Bel Aire is within the Wichita metropolitan area, bordered by Wichita to the south and west and bordered by Kechi to the north.

paragraphs: The United States Census Bureau says the city has a total area of . Of that, is land and is water.

paragraphs: Bel Aire is part of the Wichita, KS Metropolitan Statistical Area.

paragraphs: The 2010 census says that there were 6,769 people, 2,465 households, and 1,854 families living in Bel Aire.


title: Roeland Park, Kansas

paragraphs: Roeland Park is a city in Johnson County, Kansas, United States. It is part of the Kansas City metropolitan area. In 2010, 6,731 people lived there.

paragraphs: Roeland Park is at (39.034705, −94.639211). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it land.

paragraphs: The 2010 census says that there were 6,731 people, 3,065 households, and 1,732 families living in Roeland Park.

paragraphs: The city is part of the Shawnee Mission School District.

paragraphs: Roesland Elementary School, St. Agnes Elementary School and Bishop Miege High School are in Roeland Park.


title: Yana Rhinoceros Horn Site

paragraphs: The Yana Rhinoceros Horn Site is an excavation in Siberia. It has ancient human remains and artifacts. These remains are 31,000 years old. Human teeth from the site have been used to analyze DNA. The results show that the people were "Homo sapiens" . These people were different from already known people. The archaeologists have named them Ancient North Siberians. They are more like modern Europeans than like modern Asians.

paragraphs: Siberia was very cold when these people lived. They hunted large animals like woolly mammoths, woolly rhinoceroses, and bison.


title: Laramie County, Wyoming

paragraphs: Laramie County is a county in the U.S. state of Wyoming. As of the 2010 United States Census, 91,738 people lived there. The county seat is Cheyenne, the state capital. The county lies west of the Nebraska state line and north of the Colorado state line.

paragraphs: The city of Laramie, Wyoming, is in neighboring Albany County.

paragraphs: Laramie County was created on January 9, 1867.

paragraphs: According to the US Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (0.06%) is water.


title: Lincoln County, Wyoming

paragraphs: Lincoln County is a county in the U.S. state of Wyoming. As of the 2010 census, 18,106 people lived there. Its county seat is Kemmerer.

paragraphs: Its western border abuts the east border of the state of Utah.

paragraphs: Lincoln County was created on February 21, 1911. The county was named for Abraham Lincoln, 16th President of the United States.

paragraphs: According to the US Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (0.5%) is water.


title: Kemmerer, Wyoming

paragraphs: Kemmerer is a city in the U.S. state of Wyoming. It is the county seat of Lincoln County. The population was 2,656 at the 2010 census.


title: Alpine, Wyoming

paragraphs: Alpine is a town in Lincoln County, Wyoming, United States. The population was 828 at the 2010 census.


title: Karnes City, Texas

paragraphs: Karnes City is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Karnes County.


title: Kaufman, Texas

paragraphs: Kaufman is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Kaufman County.


title: Franklin, Texas

paragraphs: Franklin is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Robertson County.


Bremond, Texas


title: Battle of Aqaba

paragraphs: The Battle of Aqaba was a major battle during World War I. It was fought on July 6, 1917 between the Ottoman Empire and Arab Revolt, who part of the Central Powers and Allied Powers in the same order. The city of Aqaba, Jordan was an important coastal city and port controlled by the Ottomans. Even though the city was heavily defended on the coast, there was little defense inland. This was because the Ottomans thought the Arabian Desert outside the city was impossible to cross. Led by Arab chief Auda Abu Tayi and British officer T. E. Laurence, the Arab Revolt marched across the Arabian Desert to Aqaba. This surprised the Ottomans and the Arab Revolt captured the city.


title: Arab Revolt

paragraphs: The Arab Revolt were Arab tribes who fought against the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Since the British Empire was also fighting against the Ottomans, they gave the Arabs military support. Many of the Arab Revolt wanted to create a unified country for Arabs. However, this did not come true and the Arab world would be instead be made into many different countries.


title: Pahumara

paragraphs: The Pahumara River is a river in the Barpeta district of Assam in India. It is located at latitude 26° 17'0" and longitude 26°17'0". It is a tributary of the Brahmaputra River.

paragraphs: It flows through the areas of Puthimari, Medhikuchi, Pathsala, Dhumarkur, Bhawanipur, Kayakuchi and the Barpeta district.

paragraphs: Frequent rains in monsoon season often make the Pahumara river flood in many places, such as paddy fields (underwater fields for growing rice) and roads in the Bahari sub-divison of the Barpeta district. During this time the river is quite dangerous. Sometimes the river floods when the Kurichhu hydroelectric plant in Bhutan opens its dam.

paragraphs: According to local people, a type of boat race on the Pahumara river has been a tradition of the area for more than 100 years.


title: Allied Powers of World War I

paragraphs: The Allied Powers of World War I were the countries who fought against the Central Powers in World War I. Major countries included the British Empire, France, the Russian Empire, the United States, Italy, and Japan. Most of these countries would fight alongside each other again in World War II, except that Italy and Japan would fight alongside Germany instead.

paragraphs: The Allied Powers in Europe were already allies before the war began. Serbia was an ally of Russia, and Russia was an ally of Britain and France. The war started because the Austro-Hungarian Empire declared war on Serbia in 1914, which led to a chain reaction of countries declaring war on each other.

paragraphs: At first, the United States was neutral, it was not part of either side. However, after several acts made by Germany against the US, the US declared war on Germany in 1917 and would fight for the Allied Powers.

paragraphs: Russia's campaign against the Central Powers went very poorly. Many Russian soldiers were poorly equipped and trained, many Russians were killed, and poverty and starvation became worse problems than before. Many Russians blamed Czar Nicholas II's poor leadership for Russia's problems, so he was overthrown and sent to exile. The Russian Provisional Government who replaced him also made many Russians upset because they promised that Russia would continue fighting the war. After the March Revolution that overthrew the Czar, communist revolutionary Vladimir Lenin made a deal with Germany. The deal was that he would stop the fighting between Russia and Germany if they sent him to Russia to overthrow the government. Lenin's slogan for his communist government was "peace, land, and bread". This meant that the communist government promised no more fighting in the war, land redistribution so that everyone in Russia could have an equal amount of property, and that food would be plentiful. After the Communist Party took over Russia in the October Revolution, they fulfilled their promise to Germany and ended Russia's fighting in the war.

paragraphs: In World War II, Italy would join Germany in the Axis Powers because its leader, Benito Mussolini, had a similar ideology to Nazism. Japan was disappointed with the end of World War I because it did not gain as much as it wanted. Japan would also join the Axis Powers because it thought it would help the Japanese Empire grow faster than if it did with the Allies.


Calvert, Texas


title: Hearne, Texas

paragraphs: Hearne is a city of Robertson County in the state of Texas in the United States.


title: Hondo, Texas

paragraphs: Hondo is a city in and the county seat of Medina County, Texas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 8,803.


title: Floydada, Texas

paragraphs: Floydada is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Floyd County.


title: Dodd City, Texas

paragraphs: Dodd City is a town in the U.S. state of Texas.


title: Ottawa Dragon Boat festival

paragraphs: The Ottawa Dragon Boat festival is held every year in Ottawa, the National capital of Canada. The festival was founded in 1993. In 2019 the festival had 200 teams competing. The festival lasts for four days and offers free admission to concerts, amusement attractions, sports demonstrations, artisans, exhibitors, culinary treats, children’s area and non-stop dragon boat racing.

paragraphs: The Festival is made possible through Celebrate Ontario and the City of Ottawa "Partnership Program".


title: Tower of Babel

paragraphs: The Tower of Babel (, "Migdal Bavel") story in Genesis 11:1–9 is an origin myth meant to explain why the world's peoples speak different languages.

paragraphs: According to the story, a united humanity in the generations following the Great Flood, speaking a single language and migrating westward, comes to the land of Shinar (). There they agree to build a city and a tower tall enough to reach heaven. God, observing their city and tower, felt and insulted and confused the humans so that they can no longer understand each other. He then scatters them around the world.

paragraphs: Some modern scholars have associated the Tower of Babel with known structures, notably the Etemenanki, a ziggurat dedicated to the Mesopotamian god Marduk in Babylon. A Sumerian story with some similar elements is told in "Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta".


title: Standard German

paragraphs: Standard German, High German, or Standard High German, (, , or in Swiss Standard German ), is the standardized variety of the German language used in formal occasions, and for communication between different dialect areas. It has three specific regional variants: German Standard German, Austrian Standard German, and Swiss Standard German.


title: Standard German phonology

paragraphs: The phonology of Standard German is the standard pronunciation or accent of the German language. It deals with current phonology and phonetics as well as with historical developments thereof as well as the geographical variants and the influence of German dialects.

paragraphs: German has 25 phonemes, which is average among other languages. One of its more unique sounds is the unusual affricate .

paragraphs: " is the voiceless palatal fricative (found in the word 'I'), and is the voiceless velar fricative (as in the interjection 'oh', 'alas'). is the German word for 'sound, phone'.

paragraphs: In German, these two sounds are allophones occurring in complementary distribution. The allophone occurs after back vowels and (for instance in 'book'), the allophone after front vowels (for instance in 'me/myself') and consonants (for instance in 'fear', 'sometimes'). (This happens most regularly: if the in is pronounced as a consonant, represents ; however if, as often happens, it is vocalized as , resembling the vowel , then may represent , yielding .)


title: Abyssinia Crisis

paragraphs: The Abyssinia Crisis happened in 1935. It started with the Walwal incident, a conflict between the Kingdom of Italy and the Empire of Ethiopia (then commonly known as "Abyssinia"). The League of Nations said Italy could not intervene and voted to punish Italy's economy. But the League did not follow through, and Italy quit the League, made special deals with Britain and France and invaded Abyssinia. The crisis made the League look bad, and made Fascist Italy closer friends with Nazi Germany.

paragraphs: Both Italy and Ethiopia did not like each other. The League of Nations said:At places where there is not a single Italian national, a consul establishes himself in an area known as consular territory with a guard of about ninety men, for whom he claims jurisdictional immunity. This is an obvious abuse of consular privileges. The abuse is all the greater that the consul's duties, apart from the supplying of information of a military character, take the form of assembling stocks of arms, which constitute a threat to the peace of the country, whether from the internal or the international point of view.


title: Yehud Medinata

paragraphs: Yehud Medinata (Aramaic for the State of Judah), or simply Yehud, was part of the Persian Achaemenid Empire. It was within the satrapy of Eber-Nari.

paragraphs: It was roughly like the older kingdom of Judah but had less land. The area of Yehud Medinata is roughly the same as the previous Babylonian province of Yehud, which was created after the kingdom of Judah was invaded by the Neo-Babylonian Empire (c. 597).

paragraphs: Yehud Medinata continued to exist for two centuries, until Alexander the Great conquered it and made it part of his empire.

paragraphs: Exact times for Babylonian and Persian rule do not have complete agreement. Other dates are plausible.


title: Culper spy ring

paragraphs: During the American Revolution, a man by the name of Abraham Woodhull ran a ring of civilian spies on behalf of General George Washington against the British using the pseudonym Samuel Culper. It was known as the Culper spy ring.


title: Upper Canada

paragraphs: Upper Canada is an old British name for the Canadian province of Ontario.


title: Constitutional Act of 1791

paragraphs: The Contitution Act of 1791 is a law issued by the British Parliament under King George III in response to the demands of the United Empire Loyalists asking for elected representation. It split a British colony called the Province of Quebec into two separate provinces. The province of Upper Canada since renamed Ontario and the province of Lower Canada since renamed Quebec. Each was given elected representatives to let the government know what they wanted but who didn't have any actual power.


title: Lower Canada

paragraphs: The Province of Lower Canada was a British colony in Canada. It included Labrador and the southern part of Quebec. It was created in 1791 when Britain split Quebec into two provinces. It was merged in 1841 with the rest of Quebec to form the Province of Canada.


title: Evergy

paragraphs: Evergy is an electric utility in Kansas City, Missouri, United States. The company was created from a merger of Westar Energy of Topeka and Great Plains Energy of Kansas City, Missouri. Evergy is the largest electric company in Kansas. They serve 690,000 residential, commercial and industrial customers in the eastern third of Kansas.


title: David Peck

paragraphs: David Peck is an American business executive, consultant, writer and public speaker, who is active at the intersection of cannabis and E-commerce sectors.

paragraphs: He attained a Bachelor's Degree in Psychology from Brown University, Rhode Island in 2003. He is the co-founder of Ivy Film Festival, hosted annually on the campus of Brown University.

paragraphs: He went on to help start the Ask a Ninja YouTube show.

paragraphs: In 2013, he founded Sock Panda, a company which donates socks to those in need with every purchase . As of December 2017 the company has donated nearly 100,000 socks to homeless shelters, low income senior centers, hospitals, and under-privileged classrooms throughout the United States.

paragraphs: He attained the Master of Business Administration from USC Marshall School of Business, California in 2014.

paragraphs: On April 2017, he joined High Times to serve as Vice President of Business Development


title: Jimi system

paragraphs: The Jimi system () is a way to organize the government to rule over far-away foreign lands. It uses barbarians to rule over barbarians or the people you conquered to rule over the people you conquered.

paragraphs: It was used in China between the 7th century and 10th century. It was used during the Tang Dynasty from 650s-740s. It was also used in the Song, Mongol Yuan, Ming dynasties. But then it was also called the "Tusi system" (). It ended around 1726. Then the Qing dynasty created a new system.

paragraphs: The term "Jimi" was first seen in the annotation of "Shiji" quoted by Sima Zhen in a book from the Eastern Han era. It means that a man uses a reign to lead a horse.

paragraphs: Jimi roughly translates as "loose reigns". It was an indirect way to rule over people.

paragraphs: It is also known as Jimi fuzhou () or the loose-control administrative units, they were not commonly confused with Zhengzhou () or the regular administrative units.

paragraphs: China back then often conquered foreign lands. For example when China would conquer barbarians in the north, it would gain a lot of land. How does China govern so much land? They needed a way to govern these foreigners (or "barbarians").

paragraphs: China tells one of the barbarians they conquered to rule over the land for them. That ruler would have to follow orders from China, pay money, and help with China's military. This is Jimi.

paragraphs: The jimi ruler would received instructions from the central authorities in China. They would pass their power to their first sons.

paragraphs: Each year they would pay money to China (tribute). They helped with China's military.

paragraphs: There were three levels: the command (, like the central government), prefecture (, like a state) and county (). Together these were known as jimi fuzhou.

paragraphs: The Tang conquered the Gokturks and made two jimi governments ("duhufu" 都護府) in 658. They were around the Tarbagatai Mountains and Lake Balkhash. Sometimes the term was applied to military camps created within Tang China.


title: Arab Winter

paragraphs: During the Arab Winter there was a resurgence of authoritarianism, absolute monarchies and Islamic extremism.

paragraphs: The Arab Winter started in 2014 and happened four years after after the Arab Spring. It includes civil wars, mounting regional instability, economic and demographic decline of Arab countries, and ethno-religious wars.

paragraphs: By the summer of 2014, the Arab Winter had resulted in nearly a quarter of a million deaths and millions of refugees. Perhaps the most significant event was the rise of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant from 2014 to the present.

paragraphs: Chinese professor Zhang Weiwei first predicted an "Arab Winter" in his June 2011 debate with Francis Fukuyama. "My understanding of the Middle East leads me to conclude that the west should not be too happy. It will bring enormous problems to American interest. It is called "Arab Spring" for now, and I guess it will soon turn to be the winter for the Middle East."

paragraphs: In early 2016, "The Economist" said the Winter was ongoing and "worse than ever".

paragraphs: According to the Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies, as of January 2014, the Arab Winter cost the Arab League $800 billion USD. In 2014, sixteen million people in Syria, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan and Lebanon were expected to need help.

paragraphs: According to a study by the American University of Beirut, as of the summer of 2014, a quarter of a million died, and millions are refugees.

paragraphs: Political columnist and commentator George Will said that as of early 2017, over 30,000 died in Libya, 220,000–320,000 were killed in Syria, and 4 million refugees had fled the Syrian Civil War alone.

paragraphs: There is chaos and violence. So many people fled the Middle East and North Africa to Europe, it has resulted in the European migrant crisis. As a result, "boat-people", which was once commonly referred to Vietnamese boat people, became frequently used. These include refugees from Libya or Tunisia, escaping to the European Union across the Mediterranean Sea. Some European politicians fear the migrants might "flood" their shores. So many Europeans are working on laws to help manage the arrivals along their nations' borders.


title: Julian year

paragraphs: In astronomy, a Julian year (symbol: a) is a unit to measure time. It has exactly 365 days of 86,400 seconds each. That is the average length of the year in the Julian calendar used in Western societies in previous centuries, and for which the unit is named. Nevertheless, because a Julian year measures duration rather than designates date, the Julian year does not correspond to years in the Julian calendar or any other calendar. Nor does it correspond to the many other ways of defining a year (for which, "see Year").


title: Isekai

paragraphs: There are mainly two ways for the character(s) to go to a different world.

paragraphs: One is . In some stories, the character goes to the different world keeping their memory. But there are also stories that the character remembers their previous life after being grown up.

paragraphs: The other is . The way of moving to a different world is different between stories. For example, the character may suddenly move to a different world, or be made to move to a different world by somebody like god.

paragraphs: Anime that are regarded as Isekai include "", "That Time I Got Reincarnated as a Slime, Overlord, No Game No Life, Log Horizon," etc.

paragraphs: There is some debate as to whether some anime such as "Sword Art Online." In this anime, the protagonist goes into a virtual world and eventually get out.


title: Greek government-debt crisis

paragraphs: The Greek government-debt crisis happened after the financial crisis of 2007–08. In Greece it is known as The Crisis (Greek: Η Κρίση. It started with sudden reforms and austerity measures. But this made people poor and lose money and land.

paragraphs: The Greek economy is in the longest recession of any advanced capitalist economy to date. It is even longer than the US Great Depression. Many well-educated Greeks left the country.

paragraphs: A trade deficit means that a country is buying more than it produces, so it has to borrow from others. Both the Greek trade deficit and budget deficit rose from below 5% of GDP in 1999 to peak around 15% of GDP in the 2008–2009 periods. Greece was perceived as a higher credit risk alone than it was as a member of the Eurozone. Thus investors felt the EU would help out Greece.

paragraphs: Reports in 2009 of Greek government disorganization increased borrowing costs. Greece could no longer borrow to finance its trade and budget deficits at an affordable cost.

paragraphs: The Greek crisis was triggered by the Great Recession, which led the budget deficits of several Western nations to reach or exceed 10% of GDP. Greece had high budget deficit (10.2% and 15.1% of GDP in 2008 and 2009, respectively). But at the same time it had high public debt to GDP ratio. Greece appeared to lose control of this ratio, which already reached 127% of GDP in 2009. Being a member of the Eurozone, the country had essentially no autonomous monetary policy flexibility.

paragraphs: In January 2010, the Greek Ministry of Finance published the "Stability and Growth Program 2010". The report listed five main causes: poor GDP growth, government debt and deficits, budget compliance and data credibility. Causes found by others included excess government spending, current account deficits, tax avoidance and tax evasion.


title: Austerity

paragraphs: Austerity measures (political-economics) are government actions that try to reduce government budget deficits. They do this by spending less, increasing tax, both, or some other clever ways.

paragraphs: Austerity measures are used by governments that find it difficult to pay their debts. The measures are meant to reduce the budget deficit by bringing government revenue closer to spending.

paragraphs: In most macroeconomic models, austerity policies generally increase unemployment as government spending falls. Decreased government spending reduces public and maybe private employment. Also, tax increases can reduce consumption by cutting household disposable income. Some say that reducing spending may result in a higher debt-to-GDP ratio because government expenditure itself is a part of GDP.

paragraphs: For example, after the Great Recession, austerity measures in many European countries were followed by increasing unemployment and debt-to-GDP ratios despite smaller budget deficits. When an economy is operating at or near capacity, higher short-term deficit spending (stimulus) can cause interest rates to rise. This results in a reduction in private investment. This then reduces economic growth. Where there is excess capacity, the stimulus can result in an increase in employment and output.


title: Swadeshi movement

paragraphs: The Swadeshi movement was part of the Indian independence movement. It aimed at removing the British Empire from power and improving economic conditions in India. It was begun on 7 August 1905 in Calcutta.


title: Lawrence University

paragraphs: Lawrence University is a four-year college in Appleton, Wisconsin, United States. It was founded in 1847. It is a private school not affiliated with any church. In addition to the men's and women's liberal arts colleges, Lawrence has a Conservatory of Music. In 2018 there were 1,472 students in the university. Of these, 13% were foreign students from over 45 countries. There were 405 faculty members (76% were full time).

paragraphs: Lawrence University grants two four-year degrees: B.A. and B.Mus. It also grants a five-year combined B.A./B.Mus. degree.

paragraphs: The university is a member of the Associated Colleges of the Midwest (ACM), which has off-campus programs in the United States and many other countries. Students from Lawrence and the other member schools may take part in these programs.

paragraphs: Lawrence has been a member of the Midwest Conference sports league since it began in 1921.

paragraphs: One year's tuition and fees are $47,475. Room and board are $10,341.

paragraphs: The University is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission. The Conservatory of Music is an accredited institutional member of the National Association of Schools of Music.


title: Gadfly

paragraphs: Gadfly is used for term for horse-fly or botfly. They are ectoparasites of mammals which drive the animals almost crazy with irritation.


title: Botfly

paragraphs: Botflies, also known as warble flies or gadflies, are a family of flies: the Oestridae. Their larvae are internal parasites of mammals, some species growing in the host's flesh and others within the gut.


title: Extraterrestrial sky

paragraphs: In astronomy, an extraterrestrial sky is a view of outer space from the surface of a planet (or related body in space) other than Earth.

paragraphs: The only extraterrestrial sky that has been directly observed and photographed by astronauts is that of the Moon. The skies of Venus, Mars and Titan have been observed by space probes designed to land on the surface and send images back to Earth.

paragraphs: Extraterrestrial skies seem to vary because of a number of reasons. An extraterrestrial atmosphere, if present, has a large bearing on visible characteristics. The atmosphere's density and chemical composition can contribute to differences in color, opacity (including haze) and the presence of clouds. Astronomical objects may also be visible and can include natural satellites, rings, star systems and nebulas and other planetary system bodies.

paragraphs: For skies that have not been directly or indirectly observed, their appearance can be simulated based on known factors, such as the position of astronomical objects relative to the surface and atmospheric composition.

paragraphs: Because Mercury has little or no atmosphere, a view of the planet's skies would be no different from viewing space from orbit. Mercury has a southern pole star, Alpha Pictoris. It is fainter than Earth's Polaris in the constellation Ursa Minor.

paragraphs: On average, the visible diameter of the Sun on Mercury is 2.5 times as large as it appears from Earth, and its total brightness is more than 6 times as great. Because of the planet's orbit, the Sun's apparent diameter in the sky would vary from 2.2 times that from Earth to 3.2 times. The sun would be over ten-times brighter.

paragraphs: Due to its slow rotation, a day on Mercury lasts around 176 Earth days.

paragraphs: After the Sun, the second-brightest object in the Mercurian sky is Venus, which is much brighter there than for observers on Earth.

paragraphs: The Earth and the Moon are also very prominent in the sky of Mercury. and −1.2, respectively. All other planets are visible just as they are on Earth, but somewhat less bright at opposition.

paragraphs: The atmosphere of Venus is so thick that the Sun cannot be easily seen in the daytime sky, and the stars are not visible at night. Color images taken by the space probes suggest that the sky on Venus is orange. If the Sun could be seen from Venus's surface, the time from one sunrise to the next would be about 117 Earth days. Because of the rotation of Venus, the Sun would appear to rise in the west and set in the east.

paragraphs: An observer above the clouds of Venus would circle the planet in about four Earth days, and see a sky in which the Earth and the Moon shine brightly. Mercury would also be easy to spot, because it is closer and brighter, and because its maximum elongation from the Sun is considerably larger than when observed from Earth.

paragraphs: The Moon's atmosphere is very thin so its sky is always black, as in the case of Mercury. However, the Sun is so bright that it is impossible to see stars during the daytime, unless the observer is well shielded from sunlight.

paragraphs: The Sun looks the same from the Moon as it does from Earth's orbit, somewhat brighter than it does from the Earth's surface, and colored pure white, due to the lack of scattering and absorption in its very thin atmosphere.

paragraphs: Due to the position and orbit of the moon, the Sun nearly always takes the same path through the Moon's sky over the course of a year. As a result, there are craters and valleys near the Moon's poles that never receive direct sunlight, and there may exist mountains and hilltops that are never in shadow.

paragraphs: Among the most prominent features of the Moon's sky is Earth. Earth shows phases, just like the Moon does for observers on Earth. The phases, however, are opposite; when the observer on Earth sees the full Moon, the lunar observer sees a "new Earth", and vice versa. The full Earth glows over 50 times brighter than the full Moon at its brightest for the observer on Earth. Earth light reflected on the Moon's darker half is bright enough to be visible from Earth, and is known as known as earthshine.

paragraphs: As a result of the Moon's rotation, one side of the Moon (the "near side") is permanently turned towards Earth, and the other side, the "far side", mostly cannot be seen from Earth. This means, conversely, that Earth can be seen only from the near side of the Moon and would always be invisible from the far side.

paragraphs: Earth and the Sun sometimes meet in the lunar sky, causing an eclipse. On Earth, one would see a lunar eclipse, when the Moon passes through the Earth's shadow; meanwhile on the Moon, one would see a solar eclipse, when the Sun goes behind the Earth. Since the apparent diameter of the Earth is four times as large as that of the Sun, the Sun would be hidden behind the Earth for hours. Earth's atmosphere would be visible as a reddish ring.

paragraphs: Solar eclipse shadows, when the Moon blocks sunlight to the Earth, on the other hand, would not be as spectacular for observers on the Moon viewing the Earth: the Moon's umbra nearly tapers out at the Earth's surface. A blurry dark patch would be barely visible. The effect would be comparable to the shadow of a golf ball cast by sunlight on an object away. Observers on the Moon with telescopes might be able to discern the umbral shadow as a black spot at the center of a less dark region (penumbra) traveling across the full Earth's disk. It would look essentially the same as it does to the Deep Space Climate Observatory, which orbits Earth at the L1 Lagrangian point in the Sun-Earth system, from Earth.

paragraphs: In summary, whenever an eclipse of some sort is occurring on Earth, an eclipse of another sort is occurring on the Moon. Eclipses occur for observers on both Earth and the Moon whenever the two bodies and the Sun align in a straight line.

paragraphs: Mars has only a thin atmosphere; however, it is extremely dusty, and there is much light that is scattered about. The sky is thus rather bright during the daytime and stars are not visible.

paragraphs: Capturing accurate color images from Mars's surface is difficult. For many years, the sky on Mars was thought to be more pinkish than it is now believed to be.

paragraphs: It is now known that during the Martian day, the sky is a butterscotch color. Around sunset and sunrise, the sky is rose in color, but in the vicinity of the setting Sun it is blue. This is the opposite of the situation on Earth. Twilight lasts a long time after the Sun has set and before it rises because of the dust high up in the atmosphere of Mars.

paragraphs: On Mars, the red color of the sky is caused by the presence of iron(III) oxide in the airborne dust particles. These particles are larger in size than gas molecules, so most of the light is scattered. Dust absorbs blue light and scatters longer wavelengths (red, orange, yellow).

paragraphs: The Sun as seen from Mars is about as large as seen from Earth, and shines 40% of the light, approximately the brightness of a slightly cloudy afternoon on Earth.

paragraphs: Mars has two small moons: Phobos and Deimos. From the Martian surface, Phobos is one-third to one-half the size of the Sun, while Deimos is barely more than a dot.

paragraphs: Due to its orbit, Phobos rises in the west and sets in the east. Deimos rises in the east and sets in the west, like a "normal" moon, although its appearance to the naked eye would be star-like. Phobos and Deimos can both eclipse the Sun as seen from Mars, although neither can completely cover its disk and so the event is in fact a transit, rather than an eclipse.

paragraphs: The Earth is visible from Mars as a double star; the Moon would be visible alongside it as a fainter companion.

paragraphs: Venus as seen from Mars would have an apparent magnitude of about −3.2.

paragraphs: Compared with their view from Earth, the outer planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune) would appear slightly brighter during opposition, but slightly dimmer during conjunction.

paragraphs: From Phobos, Mars appears 6,400 times larger and 2,500 times brighter than the full Moon as seen from Earth. From Deimos, Mars appears 1,000 times larger and 400 times brighter than the full Moon as seen from Earth.

paragraphs: The asteroid belt is sparsely populated and most asteroids are very small, so that an observer situated on one asteroid would be unlikely to be able to see another without the aid of a telescope. Some asteroids that cross the orbits of planets may occasionally get close enough to a planet or asteroid so that an observer from that asteroid can make out the disc of the nearby object without the aid of binoculars or a telescope.

paragraphs: Although no images from within Jupiter's atmosphere have ever been taken, artistic representations typically assume that the planet's sky is blue, though dimmer than Earth's, because the sunlight there is on average 27 times fainter, at least in the upper reaches of the atmosphere. The planet's narrow rings might be faintly visible from latitudes above the equator. Further down into the atmosphere, the Sun would be obscured by clouds and haze of various colors, most commonly blue, brown, and red. Although theories abound on the cause of the colors, there is currently no clear answer.

paragraphs: From Jupiter, the Sun appears to be less than a quarter of its size as seen from Earth.

paragraphs: Aside from the Sun, the most prominent objects in Jupiter's sky are the four Galilean moons. Io, the nearest to the planet, would be slightly larger than the full moon in Earth's sky, though less bright, and would be the largest moon in the Solar System as seen from Jupiter. The higher brightness of Europa would not overcome its greater distance from Jupiter, so it would not outshine Io. Ganymede, the largest moon and third from Jupiter, is almost as bright as Io and Europa, but appears only half the size of Io. Callisto, further out, would appear only a quarter the size of Io.

paragraphs: None of the surface features on Jupiter's moons would appear as prominent as the lunar maria do when the Moon is viewed from Earth. Dark and light patches would be visible on Io's surface due to the coloration of sulfur that covers Io, and the largest volcanoes would be designated by dark points, but the lack of large, contrasting features results in a poor view of it. Europa, however, would appear as a completely featureless white disc. Even when viewed from nearby, most spacecraft images use contrast enhancements to clearly show the cracks in the Europan ice. Vague dark and light patches would be visible on Ganymede, whereas Callisto is much too distant for any features to be made out.

paragraphs: All four Galilean moons stand out because of the swiftness of their motion, compared to the Moon. They are all also large enough to fully eclipse the Sun.

paragraphs: Jupiter's small inner moons appear only as star-like points except Amalthea, which can occasionally appear as large as Callisto. However, they would all be brighter than any star. The outer moons would be invisible except for Himalia, which would appear as a dim, star-like point to the naked eye only under favorable circumstances.

paragraphs: None of Jupiter's moons have more than traces of atmosphere, so their skies are black or very nearly so. For an observer on one of the moons, the most prominent feature of the sky by far would be Jupiter.

paragraphs: Because the inner moons of Jupiter are in synchronous rotation around Jupiter, the planet always appears in nearly the same spot in their skies. Observers on the sides of the Galilean satellites facing away from the planet would never see Jupiter, for instance.

paragraphs: From the moons of Jupiter, solar eclipses caused by the Galilean satellites would be spectacular, because an observer would see the circular shadow of the eclipsing moon travel across Jupiter's face.

paragraphs: The sky in the upper reaches of Saturn's atmosphere is blue, but the predominant color of its cloud decks suggests that it may be yellowish further down. The rings of Saturn are almost certainly visible from the upper reaches of its atmosphere. The rings are so thin that from a position on Saturn's equator, they would be almost invisible. However, from anywhere else on the planet, they could be seen as a spectacular arc stretching across half the celestial hemisphere.

paragraphs: Saturn's moons would not look particularly impressive in its sky, as most are fairly small, and the largest are a long way from the planet. Even Titan, the largest moon of Saturn, appears only half the size of Earth's moon. In fact, Titan is the dimmest of Saturn's large moons due to its great distance and dimness; Mimas, Enceladus, Tethys, Dione, and Rhea are all brighter. Most of the inner moons would appear as bright, star-like points (with the exception of Janus, although most would shine brighter than any star. None of the outer moons would be visible except Phoebe which would be very dim.

paragraphs: Since the inner moons of Saturn are all in synchronous rotation, the planet always appears in the same spot in their skies. Observers on the sides of those satellites facing away from the planet would never see Saturn. In the skies of Saturn's inner moons, Saturn is an enormous object.

paragraphs: Saturn's rings would not be prominent from most of the moons. This is because the rings, though wide, are not very thick. The rings are edge-on and practically invisible from the inner moons. From the outer moons, starting with Iapetus, a more oblique view of the rings would be available, although the greater distance would make Saturn appear smaller in the sky; from Phoebe, the largest of Saturn's irregular moons, Saturn would appear only as big as the full Moon does from Earth. The best view of the rings may be from the inner moon Mimas, which is fairly near the rings. The co-orbitals Epimetheus and Janus would also get a good view. Tethys gets the next best view; Iapetus gets a good view of the rings and is more than any of the outer moons can claim.

paragraphs: Titan is the only moon in the Solar System to have a thick atmosphere. The Titanean sky is a light tangerine color. However, an astronaut standing on the surface of Titan would see a hazy brownish/dark orange color. As a consequence of its greater distance from the Sun and the thickness of its atmosphere, the surface of Titan receives only about of the sunlight Earth does – daytime on Titan is thus only as bright as twilight on the Earth. It seems likely that Saturn is permanently invisible behind orange smog, and even the Sun would be only a lighter patch in the haze, barely illuminating the surface of ice and methane lakes. However, in the upper atmosphere, the sky would have a blue color and Saturn would be visible. With its thick atmosphere and methane rain, Titan is the only celestial body other than Earth upon which rainbows on the surface could form. However, given the extreme thickness of the atmosphere in visible light, the vast majority of the rainbow would be in the infrared.

paragraphs: Seen from Enceladus, Saturn would have a visible diameter sixty times more than the Moon visible from Earth. Moreover, since Enceladus rotates synchronously with its orbital period and therefore keeps one face pointed toward Saturn, the planet never moves in the sky of Enceladus and cannot be seen from the far side of the satellite.

paragraphs: Saturn's rings would be almost invisible, but their shadow on Saturn's disk would be clearly distinguishable. Like our own Moon from Earth, Saturn itself would show regular phases. From Enceladus, the Sun would have a diameter of only one-ninth that of the Moon as seen from Earth.

paragraphs: An observer located on Enceladus could also observe Mimas (the biggest satellite located inside Enceladus's orbit) transit in front of Saturn every 72 hours, on average. Its apparent size would be about the same size as the Moon seen from Earth. Pallene and Methone would appear nearly star-like. Tethys, visible from Enceladus's anti-Saturnian side, would reach a maximum apparent size, about twice that of the Moon as seen from the Earth.

paragraphs: Judging by the color of its atmosphere, the sky of Uranus is probably a light blue. It is unlikely that the planet's rings can be seen from its surface, as they are very thin and dark.

paragraphs: None of Uranus's moons would appear as large as a full moon on Earth from the surface of Uranus, but the large number of them would present an interesting sight for observers hovering above the cloud tops. Unlike on Jupiter and Saturn, many of the inner moons can be seen as disks rather than star-like points; the moons Portia and Juliet can appear around the size of Miranda at times, and a number of other inner moons appear larger than Oberon. The outer irregular moons would not be visible to the naked eye.

paragraphs: The low light levels at such a great distance from the sun ensure that the moons appear very dim; the brightest, Ariel, would shine more than 100 times dimmer than the moon as seen from Earth. Meanwhile, the outer large moon Oberon would be only as bright as Venus despite its proximity.

paragraphs: Judging by the color of its atmosphere, the sky of Neptune is probably an azure or sky blue, similar to Uranus'. As in the case of Uranus, it is unlikely that the planet's rings can be seen from its surface, as they are very thin and dark.

paragraphs: Aside from the Sun, the most notable object in Neptune's sky is its large moon Triton, which would appear slightly smaller than a full Moon on Earth. It moves more swiftly than our Moon. The smaller moon Proteus would show a disk about half the size of the full Moon. An alignment of the inner moons would likely produce a spectacular sight. Neptune's large outer satellite, Nereid, is not large enough to appear as a disk from Neptune, and is not noticeable in the sky. The other irregular outer moons would not be visible to the naked eye.

paragraphs: As with Uranus, the low light levels cause the major moons to appear very dim.

paragraphs: Triton, Neptune's largest moon, has an atmosphere, but it is so thin that its sky is still black, possibly with some pale haze at the horizon. Because Triton orbits with synchronous rotation, Neptune always appears in the same position in its sky. As Neptune orbits the Sun, Triton's polar regions take turns facing the Sun for 82 years at a stretch, resulting in radical seasonal changes as one pole, then the other, moves into the sunlight.

paragraphs: Neptune itself with a maximum brightness would be about that of the full moon on Earth. Due to its eccentric orbit, Nereid would vary considerably in brightness; its disk would be far too small to see with the naked eye. Proteus would also be difficult to resolve but, at its closest, would rival Canopus.

paragraphs: A trans-Neptunian object is any minor planet in the Solar System that orbits the Sun at a greater average distance than Neptune.

paragraphs: Pluto, accompanied by its largest moon Charon, orbits the Sun at a distance usually outside the orbit of Neptune except for a twenty-year period in each orbit.

paragraphs: From Pluto, the Sun is point-like to human eyes, but still very bright, giving roughly 150 to 450 times the light of the full Moon from Earth. Nonetheless, human observers on Pluto would notice a large decrease in available light.

paragraphs: Pluto's atmosphere consists of a thin envelope of nitrogen, methane, and carbon monoxide gases, all of which are derived from the ices of these substances on its surface. When Pluto is close to the Sun, the temperature of Pluto's solid surface increases, causing these ices to sublimate into gasses. This atmosphere also produces a noticeable blue haze that is visible at sunset and possibly other times of the Plutonian day.

paragraphs: Pluto and Charon are tidally locked to each other. This means that Charon always presents the same face to Pluto, and Pluto also always presents the same face to Charon. Observers on the far side of Charon from Pluto would never see the dwarf planet; observers on the far side of Pluto from Charon would never see the moon. Charon, as seen from Pluto's surface would be a very large object in the night sky.

paragraphs: The sky of a comet changes dramatically as it nears the Sun. During closest distance, a comet's ices begin to sublime from its surface, forming tails of gas and dust, and a coma. An observer on a comet nearing the Sun might see the stars slightly obscured by a milky haze, which could create halo effects around the Sun and other bright objects.

paragraphs: For observers on extrasolar planets, the constellations would differ depending on the distances involved. A consequence of observing the universe from other stars is that stars that may appear bright in our own sky may appear dimmer in other skies and vice versa.

paragraphs: A planet around either α Centauri A or B would see the other star as a very bright secondary.

paragraphs: From a planet orbiting Aldebaran, 65 light years away, our Sun would be seen as an insignificant star between Ophiuchus and Scorpius. Constellations made of bright, distant stars would look somewhat similar (such as Orion and Scorpius) but much of the night sky would seem unfamiliar to someone from Earth. Even Orion would appear somewhat different; viewed from this position, Alnilam and Mintaka would appear to be on top of each other, thus reducing the belt to two stars. Also, Bellatrix would be much closer to the belt, making the "chest" of Orion somewhat smaller.

paragraphs: If the Sun were to be observed from the Alpha Centauri system, the nearest star system to ours, it would appear to be as a star in the constellation Cassiopeia. Due to the proximity of the Alpha Centauri system, the constellations would, for the most part, appear similar.

paragraphs: From further away, the Sun would be an average looking star in the constellation Serpens Caput. At this distance, most of the stars nearest to us would be in different locations to those in our sky, including Alpha Centauri, Sirius, and Procyon.


title: Warble fly

paragraphs: A warble fly is a large fly of the genus "Hypoderma". It is an ectoparasite on horses, sheep, goats and humans. They lay their eggs on the front legs of large animals. They bore their way in, causing damage and distress. They have been eliminated from European countries, but reinfestations occur regularly.


title: Ford County, Kansas

paragraphs: Ford County (county code FO) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2010, 33,848 people lived there. Its county seat is Dodge City. Dodge City is also the biggest city in Ford County. The county is named after Colonel James Hobart Ford.

paragraphs: The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that, is land and (0.07%) is water.

paragraphs: The Dodge City Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Ford County.

paragraphs: The 2010 census says that there were 33,848 people, 10,852 households, and 7,856 families living in Ford County. 75.3% of the people were White, 2.1% were Black or African American, 1.0% Native American, 1.4% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 17.8% from other races, and 2.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 51.2% of the population.

paragraphs: Ford County has been strongly Republican for most of its history, especially in recent elections. Only eight Democratic presidential candidates from 1888 to the present day have won the county. The most recent winner being Jimmy Carter in 1976.

paragraphs: Ford County was a prohibition, or "dry", county until the Kansas Constitution was changed in 1986. The changed allowed liquor to be sold.


title: Riley County, Kansas

paragraphs: Riley County (standard abbreviation: RL) is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2010, 71,115 people lived there. The biggest city is Manhattan. Manhattan is also the county seat.

paragraphs: Two of Kansas' biggest employers are in Riley County: Fort Riley and Kansas State University.

paragraphs: On May 30, 1879, the "Irving, Kansas Tornado" started in Riley County. This tornado was believed to have been an F4 on the Fujita scale. The damage path of it was wide and long. Eighteen people were killed. Sixty people were injured.

paragraphs: The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that, is land and (2.0%) is water.

paragraphs: The county is in the Flint Hills region of Kansas.

paragraphs: Riley County is part of the Manhattan, KS Metropolitan Statistical Area. Millennials make up 53.6% of the population of Riley County. It is one of the highest rates in the United States.

paragraphs: Riley County is the only county in Kansas without an elected sheriff. The county police department handles all the Sheriff’s responsibilities.

paragraphs: Fort Riley Military Reservation covers in Geary and Riley counties. It is north of the junction of the Smoky Hill and Republican rivers in Geary County. 25,000 people are in the fort during the day. It includes a census-designated place:


title: Indian presidential election, 1957

paragraphs: The Election Commission of India held indirect 2nd presidential elections of India on May 6, 1957. Dr. Rajendra Prasad won his re-election with 459,698 votes over his rivals Chowdhry Hari Ramwho got 2,672 votes and Nagendra Narayan Das who got 2,000 votes. Rajendra Prasad, has been the only person, to have won and served two terms, as President of India.


title: Geary County, Kansas

paragraphs: Geary County (county code GE) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2010, 34,362 people lived there. Its county seat and most populous city is Junction City. The county is named after Governor John W. Geary.

paragraphs: The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that, is land and (4.9%) is water. It is the second-smallest county in Kansas by land area. It is the third-smallest by total area.

paragraphs: Geary County is in the Junction City, KS Micropolitan Statistical Area. It is included in the Manhattan-Junction City, KS Combined Statistical Area.

paragraphs: Geary County was a prohibition, or "dry", county until the Kansas Constitution was amended in 1986 and voters approved the sale of alcoholic liquor by the individual drink with a 30% food sales requirement. The food sales requirement was removed with voter approval in 1990.

paragraphs: Located north of the junction of the Smoky Hill and Republican rivers, the Fort Riley Military Reservation covers in Geary and Riley counties. The fort has a daytime population of nearly 25,000 and includes one census-designated place:

paragraphs: Geary County is divided into eight townships. The city of Junction City is considered "governmentally independent" and is excluded from the census figures for the townships. In the following table, the population center is the largest city (or cities) included in that township's population total, if it is of a significant size.


title: Kara Swisher

paragraphs: Kara Swisher is an Opinion writer at the NY Times.


title: Niobrara County, Wyoming

paragraphs: Niobrara County is a county in the U.S. state of Wyoming. As of the 2010 United States Census, 2,484 people lived there. Its county seat is Lusk. Its eastern boundary abuts the west lines of the states of Nebraska and South Dakota.

paragraphs: Niobrara County was created on February 21, 1911.

paragraphs: The county was named for the Niobrara River, which rises near Lusk.

paragraphs: According to the US Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (0.07%) is water.


title: Platte County, Wyoming

paragraphs: Platte County is a county in the U.S. state of Wyoming. As of the 2010 census, 8,667 people lived there. Its county seat is Wheatland.

paragraphs: Platte County was created on February 21, 1911. The county was named for the North Platte River, which flows through the northeastern part of the county.

paragraphs: According to the US Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (1.3%) is water. It is the third-smallest county in Wyoming by area.


title: Sheridan County, Wyoming

paragraphs: Sheridan County is a county in the U.S. state of Wyoming. As of the 2010 census, 29,116 people lived there. Its county seat is Sheridan.


title: Atchison County, Kansas

paragraphs: Atchison County (county code AT) is a county in northeastern Kansas, in the Central United States. In 2010, 16,924 people lived there. Its county seat is Atchison. Atchison is also the biggest city in the count. The county is named after David Rice Atchison, a United States Senator from Missouri.

paragraphs: The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that, is land and (0.6%) is water. It is the fourth-smallest county by area in Kansas.

paragraphs: On July 4, 1804, to mark Independence Day, the Lewis and Clark Expedition named Independence Creek near the city of Atchison (see Timeline of the Lewis and Clark Expedition).

paragraphs: Sources: National Atlas, U.S. Census Bureau

paragraphs: Atchison County is in the Atchison, KS Micropolitan Statistical Area. It is also included in the Kansas City-Overland Park-Kansas City, MO-KS Combined Statistical Area.

paragraphs: Atchison County has been a swing county for most of its history. It has had multiple extended streaks of being a bellwether county, the first running from 1896 to 1936. After voting more Republican than the nation in the 1940s & voting for losing candidate Richard Nixon in 1960, another bellwether streak ran from 1964 to 2004. Since then, the county has become significantly more Republican, with Barack Obama failing to win the county in both of his victories & Hillary Clinton losing it by over 30 percent to Donald Trump in 2016.


title: Sublette County, Wyoming

paragraphs: Sublette County is a county in the U.S. state of Wyoming. As of the 2010 census, 10,247 people lived there. Its county seat is Pinedale. The county was created on February 15, 1921.


title: Sheridan, Wyoming

paragraphs: Sheridan is a city in the U.S. state of Wyoming. It is the county seat of Sheridan County.


title: Sweetwater County, Wyoming

paragraphs: Sweetwater County is a county in southwestern Wyoming, United States. As of the 2010 census, 43,806 people lived there. Its county seat is Green River. Its southern boundary line abuts the north lines of the states of Colorado and Utah.

paragraphs: Sweetwater County was created on December 17, 1867.

paragraphs: According to the US Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (0.6%) is water. It is the largest county in Wyoming by area.


title: Uinta County, Wyoming

paragraphs: Uinta County is a county in the U.S. state of Wyoming. As of the 2010 census, 21,118 people lived there. Its county seat is Evanston.


title: Washakie County, Wyoming

paragraphs: Washakie County is a county in the U.S. state of Wyoming. As of the 2010 census, 8,533 people lived there. Its county seat is Worland. The county was created on February 21, 1911.


title: Cherokee County, Kansas

paragraphs: Cherokee County (county code CK) is a U.S. county in Southeast Kansas. In 2010 census, 21,603 people lived there. Its county seat is Columbus. The biggest city in Cherokee County is Baxter Springs. Baxter Springs became the first "cow town" in Kansas during the 1870s and the period of cattle drives.

paragraphs: The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that, is land and (0.6%) is water.

paragraphs: For most of its history, Cherokee County had more of a Democratic lean in presidential elections than the rest of the state, particularly before 1968. Since then, its only voted for Democratic candidates twice in 1976 & 1992, when it was their second & fourth best county in the state, respectively. From 1996 on, the county has swung powerfully Republican similar to the rest of Southeast Kansas, with Hillary Clinton posted the worst percentage for a Democratic candidate ever at only 23.3%.


title: Weston County, Wyoming

paragraphs: Weston County is a county in the U.S. state of Wyoming. As of the 2010 census, 7,208 people lived there. Its county seat is Newcastle. Its east boundary line abuts the west line of the state of South Dakota.

paragraphs: Weston County was created on March 12, 1890.


title: Henrietta, Texas

paragraphs: Henrietta is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Clay County.


title: Pottawatomie County, Kansas

paragraphs: Pottawatomie County (standard abbreviation: PT) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2010, 21,604 people lived there. The county seat is Westmoreland. The county is named after the Potawatomi group of Native Americans.

paragraphs: The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that is land and (2.4%) is water.

paragraphs: Pottawatomie County is part of the Manhattan Metropolitan Statistical Area.

paragraphs: Pottawatomie County is very Republican. The only Democratic Presidential candidate to get a majority in Pottawatomie County was Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932. Since 1940 only Lyndon Johnson in 1964 has gotten as much as forty percent of the county’s vote.

paragraphs: The Unified School Districts that serve Pottawatomie County include:


title: Edward Shotter

paragraphs: Edward Frank Shotter (29 June 1933 – 3 July 2019) was an Anglican priest and author. From 1966 to 1989 he was Director of Studies at the London Medical Group when he was appointed Dean of Rochester, a post he held until retirement in 2003.

paragraphs: Shotter died on 3 July 2019, four days after his 86th birthday.


title: Lisa Lu

paragraphs: Lisa Lu Yan (; born July 8, 1927) is a Chinese-born American actress and singer. She won the Golden Horse Awards three times in the 1970s. She was born in Beijing and raised in California. Lu is known for her roles in "The Mountain Road", "Demon Seed", Peter Bogdanovich's "Saint Jack", "The Last Emperor", "The Joy Luck Club" and "Crazy Rich Asians".


title: Bruce Laingen

paragraphs: Lowell Bruce Laingen (August 6, 1922 – July 15, 2019) was an American diplomat. He was the U.S. Ambassador to Malta from 1977 to 1979. He worked under the Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter presidencies. He was a World War II veteran.

paragraphs: Laingen was best known for having been the most senior American official held hostage during the Iran hostage crisis. He was the chargé d'affaires (head of diplomatic mission) at the U.S. Embassy in Tehran at the time of the crisis. He was born in Butterfield, Minnesota.

paragraphs: Laingen died on July 15, 2019 at a hospital in Bethesda, Maryland of problems caused from Parkinson's disease, aged 96.


title: Butterfield, Minnesota

paragraphs: Butterfield is a city in Watonwan County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 586 at the 2010 census.


title: John Tanton

paragraphs: John H. Tanton (February 23, 1934 – July 16, 2019) was an American ophthalmologist, white nationalist and anti-immigration activist. He was born in Detroit, Michigan.

paragraphs: Tanton was the founder and first chairman of the Federation for American Immigration Reform (FAIR), an anti-immigration organization. He was the co-founder of the Center for Immigration Studies, an anti-immigration think tank; and NumbersUSA, an anti-immigration lobbying group.

paragraphs: He was chairman of U.S. English and ProEnglish. He was the founder of The Social Contract Press. He founded the pro-eugenics organization Society for Genetic Education.

paragraphs: Tanton died in Petoskey, Michigan on July 16, 2019 from Parkinson's disease at the age of 85.


title: Petoskey, Michigan

paragraphs: Petoskey is a city and coastal resort community in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was about 5,670 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Emmet County.


title: Ernie Broglio

paragraphs: Ernest Gilbert Broglio (; August 27, 1935 – July 16, 2019) was an American professional baseball pitcher. He played for the St. Louis Cardinals and Chicago Cubs of Major League Baseball from 1959 to 1966. He was born in Berkeley, California. Broglio was best known as the "other player" in the controversial trade that sent future Baseball Hall of Fame outfielder Lou Brock from the Cubs to the Cardinals in June 1964.

paragraphs: Broglio died on July 16, 2019 from cancer in San Jose, California at the age of 83.


title: Howard Engel

paragraphs: Howard Engel CM (April 2, 1931 – July 17, 2019) was a Canadian mystery writer and CBC producer. He was well known for his novel series of Benny Cooperman detective novels. Engel was a founder of Crime Writers of Canada. He was born in St. Catharines, Ontario.

paragraphs: Engel died of pneumonia on July 17, 2019 in Toronto at the age of 88.


title: Pumpsie Green

paragraphs: Elijah Jerry "Pumpsie" Green (October 27, 1933 – July 17, 2019) was an American Major League Baseball (MLB) infielder. He played with the Boston Red Sox from 1959 to 1962) and for the New York Mets in 1963. He was a switch-hitter who threw right-handed. He was listed as tall and . Green was born in Boley, Oklahoma.

paragraphs: Green died at a hospital in San Leandro, California on July 17, 2019 at the age of 85.


title: Boley, Oklahoma

paragraphs: Boley is a town in Okfuskee County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 1,184 at the 2010 census. Boley was made a town in 1903 as a Black pioneer town with a few Native Americans among its citizens.


title: Ian Chappell

paragraphs: Ian Michael Chappell (born 26 September 1943) is a retired Australian cricketer and commentator. He played for South Australia and Australia. He captained Australia between 1971 and 1975. He was born in Unley, South Australia.

paragraphs: Chappell was known as "Chappelli". He is thought to be one of the greatest captains of cricket.

paragraphs: He retired in 1980. He became a cricket commentator, working for Channel Nine. Chappell was added into the Sport Australia Hall of Fame in 1986, the FICA Cricket Hall of Fame in 2000 and the Australian Cricket Hall of Fame in 2003. In July 2009, Chappell was added into the ICC Cricket Hall of Fame.

paragraphs: In July 2019, Chappell announced that he had skin cancer.


title: Wesley Pruden

paragraphs: James Wesley Pruden Jr., known as Wesley Pruden (December 18, 1935 – July 17, 2019) was an American journalist and author. He was the editor-in-chief of "The Washington Times" from 1992 until his retirement in 2008.


title: Husaini Abdullahi

paragraphs: Vice-Admiral Husaini Abdullahi (3 March 1939 – 9 July 2019) was a Nigerian military admiral and politician. He was the military governor of Bendel State, Nigeria from March 1976 to July 1978 during the military regime of General Olusegun Obasanjo.

paragraphs: Abdullahi died on 9 July 2019 at the age of 80.


title: Nikola Hajdin

paragraphs: Nikola Hajdin (Serbian Cyrillic Никола Хајдин); 4 April 1923 – 17 July 2019) was a Serbian construction engineer and professor. He was the president of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts from 2003 to 2015 as a member of the Department of Technical Sciences. He was born in Vrbovsko, Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.

paragraphs: Hajdin died on 17 July 2019 in Belgrade at the age of 96.


title: Charles Ceccaldi-Raynaud

paragraphs: Charles Ceccaldi-Raynaud (25 June 1925 – 18 July 2019) was a French lawyer and politician. A member of the The Republicans, he was a member of the National Assembly from 1993 to 1995, and the Senate from 1995 to 2004, representing Hauts-de-Seine. He was Mayor of Puteaux from 1969 to 2004.

paragraphs: He was the author of a book about the Algerian War. He was born in Bastia, France. Ceccaldi-Raynaud died on 18 July 2019 at the age of 94.


title: Algerian War

paragraphs: The Algerian War, also known as the Algerian War of Independence or the Algerian Revolution ( '; '; or "") was fought between France and the Algerian National Liberation Front ( – FLN) from 1954 to 1962.

paragraphs: This war led to Algeria gaining its independence from France. Many saw it as a guerrilla warfare and was known for the use of torture. The war took place mainly on the territory of Algeria.


title: Luciano De Crescenzo

paragraphs: Luciano De Crescenzo (; 20 August 1928 – 18 July 2019) was an Italian writer, actor, director and engineer. He was mainly known as an author and screenwriter. His best known screenplay was for the 1980 comedy "Il pap'occhio".

paragraphs: De Crescenzo was hospitalized in Rome for pneumonia in July 2019. He died several days later on 18 July 2019 from the disease at the age of 90.


title: Yao Lee

paragraphs: Yao Lee (), also credited as Yao Li, Yiu Lei and Hue Lee (19 July 1922 – 19 July 2019) was a Chinese singer. She was born in Shanghai. Yao was active from the 1930s to the 1970s. She was the sister of Yao Min. She was thought to be one of the Seven great singing stars of Shanghai in the 1940s. Her best known song was "Rose, Rose, I Love You" (1940).

paragraphs: Yao died on 19 July 2019 in Hong Kong at the age of 96.


title: Bob Beckwith

paragraphs: Bob Beckwith (born September 21, 1933) is an American firefighter. He is a former member of the New York City Fire Department.

paragraphs: Beckwith became well known to the United States' after he stood next to President George W. Bush as the president gave a speech at the ruins of the World Trade Center after the attacks of September 11, 2001.

paragraphs: Photos of Beckwith and the president appeared on the front page of the "New York Daily News" and the cover of "Time" magazine.

paragraphs: Beckwith has met several times with President Bush since then, spoken many times in public, and acted as a fundraiser for charities.


title: Eduardo Cojuangco Jr.

paragraphs: Eduardo "Danding" Murphy Cojuangco Jr. (10 June 1935 – 16 June 2020) was a Filipino businessman and politician. He was the chairman of San Miguel Corporation. It is the largest food and beverage corporation in the Philippines and Southeast Asia. He was the Governor of Tarlac from 1967 to 1969 and member of the House of Representatives of the Philippines from 1969 to 1972.

paragraphs: In 2016, his personal wealth was around US$1.1 billion. He was born in Paniqui, Tarlac. He founded the Nationalist People's Coalition in 1992. He ran for President of the Philippines in 1992, but came in third place losing to Fidel V. Ramos.

paragraphs: Cojuangco Jr. died in Manila on 16 June 2020 from heart failure and pneumonia caused by cancer, aged 85.


title: Jose Cojuangco Jr.

paragraphs: José Sumulong Cojuangco Jr. (born José Cojuangco y Sumulong on September 19, 1934), more popularly known as Peping Cojuangco, is a Filipino politician. He was a Philippine Congressman and the 9th president of the Philippine Olympic Committee from 2004 to 2018.

paragraphs: He is the younger brother Corazon Aquino and uncle of Benigno Aquino III, both were Philippine presidents.


title: Marly Sarney

paragraphs: Marly de Pádua Macieira Sarney (born December 4, 1932) is a Brazilian socialite and philanthropist. She is the wife of the former President José Sarney. She was First Lady of Brazil during the presidency of her husband, between 1985 and 1990.

paragraphs: Sarney married José Sarney on July 12, 1952. She was born in São Luís, Brazil.


title: Anacrusis

paragraphs: In music and poetry, an anacrusis (plural "anacruses") is a very short introduction. The word comes from the (anákrousis), which means literally, "pushing up". It is a set of notes or syllables, perhaps just a single one. It comes before the first beat of a musical phrase, or a line of poetry. It is not part of any musical phrase, or line of poetry which might have come before it. The word is sometimes used in publishing. It is very short, and not the literary or musical introduction, foreword, or with a preface). In music it is often called a "pick up" note.


Steve Smith


title: Pramod Kharel

paragraphs: Pramod Kharel (; born 6 November 1979) is a Nepalese singer. He is also judge of The Voice Of Nepal.


title: Pontotoc County, Mississippi

paragraphs: Pontotoc County is a county in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, 29,957 people lived there. Its county seat is Pontotoc.


title: Amite County, Mississippi

paragraphs: Amite County is a county in the U.S. state of Mississippi on the southern border with Louisiana. As of the 2010 census, 13,131 people lived there. Its county seat is Liberty. The county is named after the Amite River which runs through the county. It was founded in 1809.


title: Fort Stockton, Texas

paragraphs: Fort Stockton is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Pecos County.


title: Giddings, Texas

paragraphs: Giddings is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Lee County.


title: Kerrville, Texas

paragraphs: Kerrville is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Kerr County.


title: Adams County, Mississippi

paragraphs: Adams County is a county found in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, 32,297 people lived there. The county seat is Natchez. The county was created on April 2, 1799. It is named for John Adams, the second President of the United States.


title: Alcorn County, Mississippi

paragraphs: Alcorn County is a county located in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, 37,057 people lived there. Its county seat is Corinth. The county was founded in 1870. It is named in honor of Governor James L. Alcorn.


title: Springerville, Arizona

paragraphs: Springerville is a town of Apache County in the state of Arizona in the United States. As of the 2010 census, 1,961 people lived there.


title: Leavenworth County, Kansas

paragraphs: Leavenworth County (county code LV) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2010, 76,227 people lived there. Its county seat is Leavenworth. Leavenworth is also the biggest city in Leavenworth County.

paragraphs: The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that, is land and (1.3%) is water. It is the fifth-smallest county in Kansas.

paragraphs: The county is a part of the Kansas City, MO-KS Metropolitan Statistical Area.


title: Crowding out (economics)

paragraphs: In economics, crowding out happens when the government starts buying or selling more stuff in the market. This affects other people and businesses--usually in a bad way.

paragraphs: For example, if the government buys more stuff, it may have to borrow more. By borrowing more there will be a higher interest rate (see supply and demand). This will make it harder for other companies and people to borrow. The government is said to "crowd out" the market.


title: Butler County, Kansas

paragraphs: Butler County (county code BU) is a county in the southern part of the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2010, 65,880 people lived there. Its county seat is El Dorado. El Dorado is also the biggest city in Butler County.

paragraphs: The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has an area of . Of that, is land and (1.2%) is water. It is the biggest county by size in Kansas.

paragraphs: Sources: National Atlas, U.S. Census Bureau

paragraphs: Butler County is part of the Wichita, KS Metropolitan Statistical Area.


title: Jefferson County, Kansas

paragraphs: Jefferson County (county code JF) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2010, 19,126 people lived there. Its county seat is Oskaloosa. Its biggest city is Valley Falls.

paragraphs: The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that, is land and (4.3%) is water.

paragraphs: Jefferson County is included in the Topeka, KS Metropolitan Statistical Area.


title: Slack (software)

paragraphs: Slack is an online messaging app with fancier features. Stewart Butterfield helped create it. It was originally for a video game. But then they just made it a simple messaging app and dropped the video game idea. "Slack" stands for "Searchable Log of All Conversation and Knowledge."


title: Peter Thiel

paragraphs: Peter Andreas Thiel (teel; born October 11, 1967) is an American entrepreneur. He helped create PayPal, Palantir Technologies and Founders Fund. In 2018, he supposedly had $2.5 billion.

paragraphs: Thiel was born in Frankfurt. As a baby, he moved with his family to the United States. He spent some time in Southern Africa. He studied philosophy at Stanford University, graduating with a B.A. in 1989. He then went on to the Stanford Law School and received his J.D. in 1992. He worked as a lawyer, speechwriter, and trader. He founded Thiel Capital in 1996. He co-founded PayPal in 1999. He was chief executive officer until he sold the company to eBay in 2002 for $1.5 billion.

paragraphs: He founded Clarium Capital, a global macro hedge fund. He launched Palantir Technologies, a big data analysis company, in 2004 and continues to serve as its chairman as of 2018. He helped create Founders Fund, a venture capital firm.

paragraphs: Thiel became Facebook's first outside investor by buying 10.2% for $500,000 in August 2004. He sold the majority of his shares in Facebook for over $1 billion in 2012, but remains on the board of directors. He also co-founded Valar Ventures in 2010, co-founded Mithril Capital.


title: Jackson County, Kansas

paragraphs: Jackson County (county code JA) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2010, 13,462 people lived there. Its county seat is Holton. Holton is also the biggest city in Jackson County. The county was first named Calhoun County. This was named after pro-slavery South Carolina Senator John C. Calhoun. The county was renamed in 1859 for President Andrew Jackson. The Prairie Band Potawatomi Indian Reservation is in the county, and it makes up about 18.5% of the county's area.

paragraphs: The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has an area of . Of that, is land and (0.3%) is water.

paragraphs: Jackson County is included in the Topeka, KS Metropolitan Statistical Area.

paragraphs: Jackson County has supported the Republican Party candidate in every presidential election from 1936 onward. Democratic Party candidates for president have only won the county twice since 1888, in 1912 & 1932.


title: Crawford County, Kansas

paragraphs: Crawford County (county code CR) is a county in Southeast Kansas. In 2010 census, 39,134 people lived there. Its county seat is Girard. Its biggest city is Pittsburg. The county was named after Samuel J. Crawford, Governor of Kansas.

paragraphs: It is in the Osage Cuestas and Cherokee Lowlands. It is halfway between Kansas City, Missouri and Tulsa, Oklahoma. Pittsburg State University is located in Crawford County.

paragraphs: The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that, is land and (0.9%) is water.

paragraphs: The Pittsburg Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Crawford County.


title: Neomercantilism

paragraphs: Neomercantilism is a government policy that supports more exports, less imports, and more control over investment (capital movement). Also, the government has the power to make decisions involving money (currency). The goal is to increase foreign reserves, which gives the government more power over money.

paragraphs: The idea comes from Keynesian economics. According to UNESCO, mercantilism is the belief that the state's wealth must be protected by the government. This makes the state's money a nationalistic concern.


title: Middle income trap

paragraphs: In economics the middle income trap happens when a country's GDP is stuck at some level and cannot increase.

paragraphs: The World Bank says that South Africa and Brazil have fell into the trap.

paragraphs: Economists think this happens because as a country sells more and gets richer, it pays higher wages. This increases the cost of selling stuff. So the countries lose their competitive advantage and get stuck, unable to sell more and get richer.

paragraphs: The World Bank says a country is in the 'middle-income range' if its gross national product per person stays between $1,000 to $12,000 (in 2011 prices).

paragraphs: To avoid the trap, a country could find better ways to make goods and reduce the cost of making them. They could also find new people or countries to sell their goods to. An increasing middle class could also use their money to buy fancy stuff that helps further promote growth: this includes better education, better technology and infrastructure, studying science and technology to create more innovations.


title: Cowley County, Kansas

paragraphs: Cowley County (county code CL) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2010, 36,311 people lived there. Its county seat is Winfield. Its biggest city is Arkansas City.

paragraphs: The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that, is land and (0.6%) is water.

paragraphs: Cowley County comprises the Arkansas City-Winfield, KS Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Wichita-Arkansas City-Winfield, KS Combined Statistical Area.


paragraphs: The Wichita, KS Metropolitan Statistical Area is an area that has five counties in south central Kansas. Its main place is the city of Wichita. In 2013, the area had 637,989 people living there. It is the biggest metropolitan area in the state of Kansas.


title: Finney County, Kansas

paragraphs: Finney County (county code FI) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2010, 36,776 people lived there. Its county seat is Garden City. Its biggest city is also Garden City.

paragraphs: Finney County was created around 1880. It was called Buffalo County and Sequoyah County. They were named after Sequoyah, the Cherokee Indian responsible for the creation of the Cherokee alphabet. The two counties were renamed Finney County. It was named after Lieutenant Governor David Wesley Finney.

paragraphs: Charles "Buffalo" Jones was the first member of the Kansas House of Representatives from Finney County. He tried to stop the buffalo from extinction.

paragraphs: The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that, is land and (0.05%) is water. It is the second-largest county in Kansas by area.

paragraphs: Finney County is included in the Garden City, KS Micropolitan Statistical Area.

paragraphs: The 2010 census says that there were 36,776 people, 12,359 households and 8,903 families living in Finney County.

paragraphs: Finney County has often supported Republican presidential candidates. The last time it supported a Democrat was in 1976. This was when Jimmy Carter won the county by only 102 votes.


title: Zion

paragraphs: Zion, is one of the seventy names of Jerusalem, and in the Bible is the second name for Jerusalem after the name "Jerusalem". The name "Zion" originally revolves around a certain area in the city. It is customary to delineate the site in the eastern and southern part of Jerusalem during the Second Temple period, including the City of David, the Ophel and Mount Moriah.


title: Levite

paragraphs: A Levite or Levi (Hebrew language: לֵוִי) is a Jewish male descended from the Tribe of Levi on the father's side.

paragraphs: The Levites of the Book of Leviticus were priests. In that book and the Book of Numbers they help Moses make prayers to God in the tabernacle (a holy tent).


title: Promised Land

paragraphs: The Promised Land (, translit.: "ha'aretz hamuvtakhat"; , translit.: "ard al-mi'ad; also known as "The Land of Milk and Honey"") is very important in the Hebrew Bible. It is the land that God promised to Abraham and his descendants. Nowadays, it refers to the restored homeland for the Jewish people, a path to salvation and liberation, or both.


title: Greater Israel

paragraphs: Greater Israel (; "Eretz Yisrael Hashlema") refers to the historic or desired borders of Israel. It is a form of irredentism.

paragraphs: It usually refers to the State of Israel together with the Palestinian territories. It is used in the Bible, sometimes called the Land of Israel. See , , , or .


title: Beitar Illit

paragraphs: Beitar Illit (; officially Betar Illit; "Illit" is pronounced "ee-leet"; ) is an Israeli settlement organized as a city council, south of Jerusalem, in the Judaean Mountains of the West Bank. Beitar Illit, part of the Gush Etzion "settlement bloc", is one of Israel's largest and most rapidly growing settlements, and in had a population of .


title: Fiery flying serpent

paragraphs: The fiery flying serpent is a snake creature mentioned in the Hebrew Bible (Book of Isaiah, the Book of Numbers, etc.). In biology it is the "Echis coloratus" (saw-scale viper).

paragraphs: "Fiery flying serpent" is an English translation of the Hebrew words , "shārāp" (a "fiery serpent") "me‘ōpêp" ("flying").


title: Nehushtan

paragraphs: The Nehushtan (Hebrew: "Nəḥuštān" [nə.ħuʃ.taːn]) is the bronze serpent on a pole first described in the Book of Numbers. God told Moses to make it. This was to cure the Israelites. Those who saw the nehushtan would be cured from the deathly bites of the "fiery serpents". God initially sent the fiery serpents to to punish them for speaking against Him and Moses ().

paragraphs: In the biblical Books of Kings (; written c. 550 BCE), King Hezekiah leads an iconoclastic reform. This requires the destruction of "the brazen serpent that Moses had made; for unto those days the children of Israel did burn incense to it; and it was called Nehushtan". The term means "a brazen thing, a mere piece of brass".


title: McPherson County, Kansas

paragraphs: McPherson County (standard abbreviation: MP) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2010, 29,180 people lived there. The biggest city is McPherson. It is also the county seat. The county is named after Civil War General James B. McPherson.

paragraphs: The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that is land and (0.3%) is water.

paragraphs: The McPherson Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of McPherson County.

paragraphs: McPherson county is often carried by Republican Candidates. The last time a democratic candidate has carried this county was in 1964 by Lyndon B. Johnson.


title: Wendelin Werner

paragraphs: Wendelin Werner (born 23 September 1968) is a German-born French mathematician. He works on random processes such as self-avoiding random walks, Brownian motion, Schramm–Loewner evolution, and probability theory and mathematical physics. In 2006, he won the Fields Medal "for his contributions to the development of stochastic Loewner evolution, the geometry of two-dimensional Brownian motion, and conformal field theory". He is professor at ETH Zürich.


title: Harvey County, Kansas

paragraphs: Harvey County (county code HV) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2010, 34,684 people lived there. Its county seat is Newton. Newton is also the biggest city in Harvey County.

paragraphs: In 1871, the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway built a railroad from Emporia to Newton.

paragraphs: The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that, is land and (0.2%) is water. The Little Arkansas River goes through the county.

paragraphs: Harvey County is part of the Wichita, KS Metropolitan Statistical Area.


title: Greeley County, Kansas

paragraphs: Greeley County (county code GL) is a county in western Kansas. It is in the Central United States. In 2010, 1,247 people lived there. It is the county with the fewest number of people living in it in Kansas. Its county seat is Tribune. Tribune is also the biggest city in the county. The county is named after Horace Greeley of Chappaqua, New York, editor of the "New York Tribune". Greeley helped western settlement with the motto "Go West, young man".

paragraphs: The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . All of it is land. It is the largest of five United States counties and twelve (Virginia) independent cities that officially have no water area.

paragraphs: Since January 1, 2009, Greeley County and Tribune have been a unified government.

paragraphs: This county is often chooses Republican candidates. The last time a Democratic candidate won the county was in 1976. A Democratic candidate has only won the county three times in its history: 1932 (Franklin D. Roosevelt), 1964 (Lyndon B. Johnson), and most recently in 1976 by Jimmy Carter.


title: Allen County, Kansas

paragraphs: Allen County (county code AL) is a county located in southeast portion of the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2010, 13,371 people lived there. Its county seat is Iola. Iola is also the biggest city in Allen County.

paragraphs: The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that, is land and (1.0%) is water. Allen County is located in the southeastern part of Kansas.

paragraphs: The 2010 United States Census says that there were 13,371 people living in Allen County.


title: Barton County, Kansas

paragraphs: Barton County (standard abbreviation: BT) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2010, 27,674 people lived there. Its county seat is Great Bend. Great Bend is also the biggest city in Barton County. The county is named after Clara Barton. She was responsible for the creating the American Red Cross.

paragraphs: In 1867, Barton County was created. It was named after Clara Barton. It is the only Kansas county named after a woman.

paragraphs: Barton County was drawn in the shape of a square. The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that, is land and (0.6%) is water. The geographic center of Kansas is in Barton County.

paragraphs: Sources: National Atlas, U.S. Census Bureau

paragraphs: The Great Bend Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Barton County.

paragraphs: Prior to 1940, Barton County was a Democratic-leaning swing county in presidential elections, being a national bellwether from 1912 to 1936. From 1940 on, it has become a Republican Party stronghold, with the solitary Democratic Party presidential candidate to carry it since then being Lyndon B. Johnson in his national landslide of 1964.

paragraphs: The five school districts are part of the special education area of Barton County called Barton County Special Services.


title: Franklin County, Kansas

paragraphs: Franklin County (county code FR) is a county in the eastern part of the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2010, 25,992 people lived there. Its county seat is Ottawa. Ottawa is also the biggest city in Franklin County. The county is mostly rural. It was Kansas City metropolitan area, but it no longer is since 2013.

paragraphs: The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that, is land and (0.9%) is water.

paragraphs: Franklin County is in the Ottawa, KS Micropolitan Statistical Area. It was included in the Kansas City-Overland Park-Kansas City, MO-KS Combined Statistical Area.

paragraphs: Franklin County is often carried by Republican Candidates. The last time a democratic candidate has carried Franklin County was in 1964 by Lyndon B. Johnson.


title: Dickinson County, Kansas

paragraphs: Dickinson County (county code DK) is a county in Central Kansas. In 2010, 19,754 people lived there. Its county seat is Abilene. Abilene is also the biggest city in Dickinson County. The county was named after Daniel S. Dickinson.

paragraphs: The first railroad in Dickinson County was built through it in 1866.

paragraphs: In 1887, the Chicago, Kansas and Nebraska Railway built a railroad from Topeka to Herington. This main line connected Topeka, Valencia, Willard, Maple Hill, Vera, Paxico, McFarland, Alma, Volland, Alta Vista, Dwight, White City, Latimer, Herington.

paragraphs: In 2010, the Keystone-Cushing Pipeline (Phase II) was built through Dickinson County. There was a lot of controversy about tax exemption and environmental concerns.

paragraphs: The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has an area of . Of that, is land and (0.6%) is water.

paragraphs: Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower was the 34th President of the United States from 1953 until 1961. He moved to Abilene when he was 2 years old. Prior to that he was a five-star general in the United States Army. He was Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces in Europe World War II. He planned the invasion of North Africa in Operation Torch in 1942–43 and the invasion of France and Germany in 1944–45. The Eisenhower Library is in Abilene.

paragraphs: Joe Engle is a retired U.S. Air Force colonel and a former NASA astronaut.


title: Chief Ahan

paragraphs: Chief Ahan was a First Nations leader who was executed in 1865. He was exonerated by Justin Trudeau, the Prime Minister of Canada, in 2018.


title: Józefa Joteyko

paragraphs: Józefa Franciszka Joteyko (29 January 1866 – 24 April 1928) was a Polish medical doctor, physiologist, psychologist, pedagogist, and co-organizer of special education in Warsaw. She was born on January, 29, 1866, in Poczujki and died on April, 24, 1928, in Warsaw.


title: Industrial society

paragraphs: In an industrial society, people use technology to produce a lot of things (mass production). This leads to a large population with an organized division of labour. This happened to the Western world during the Industrial Revolution. This replaced farming or agrarian societies of the pre-modern age.

paragraphs: The US and many European nations are examples of industrial societies. China and India are also somewhat industrial but large parts of their populations still farm.