title: 5145 Pholus

paragraphs: 5145 Pholus is a Centaur (minor planetoid) of the solar system running in a stretched orbit, with a perihelion (closest approach to the Sun) less than Saturn's and aphelion (farthest approach from the Sun) farther than Neptune's. Close approaches of the object are not common: it has not come within one astronomical unit (about 150 million km) of a planet since 764 BC, and will not again until 5290. Astronomers think that Pholus started out as a Kuiper belt object.

paragraphs: It was found by David L. Rabinowitz, then of the University of Arizona's Spacewatch Project, and named after Pholus, the brother of the mythological Chiron, after which 2060 Chiron was named to follow the tradition of naming this class of outer planet crossing objects after Centaurs.

paragraphs: Pholus was the second Centaur type asteroid to be found and was quickly found to be very red in color. Because it's very red, it is sometimes called "Big Red". Astronomers think the color is because of organic compounds on its surface.

paragraphs: Unlike the first Centaur, 2060 Chiron, Pholus has shown no signs of cometary activity.

paragraphs: Astronomers think that Pholus' diameter is about 185±16 km.


title: Caroline Matilda of Wales

paragraphs: Caroline Matilda of Great Britain (; 11 July 1751 – 10 May 1775) Queen of Denmark and Norway from 1766 to 1772 and a member of the British Royal Family.

paragraphs: She was born in July of 1751.She was the last child of her father Frederick, Prince of Wales and Augusta. She married Christian VII of Denmark on 8 November 1766 at Christiansborg Castle. She did not know the groom was mentally ill. But the marriage did produce two children. The youngest daughter was thought to be the offspring of the king's doctor and the queen. Nothing was ever proven but the physician was killed and Caroline sent away. She died in May of 1775 at the age of 23.


title: Malcolm III of Scotland

paragraphs: Malcolm III of Scotland, aka Malcolm Canmore, King of Scots. He was the first of a dynasty of kings who ruled Scotland for over two centuries.

paragraphs: Malcolm was born in 1031, the son of king Duncan I of Scotland and his wife; a cousin of Siward, Earl of Northumberland. When his father was killed in 1040 Malcolm did not succeed to the throne. At the time the system alternated between different lines of the same royal family. So the king chosen from a different royal line was Macbeth, who had killed Duncan I in battle. Malcolm killed Macbeth in battle in 1057, but Lulach, MacBeth's stepson was selected as king. This broke the pattern of alternate selection. Lulach ruled only ruled a few months until he was killed. Malcolm finally succeeded Lulach and changed the succession to his own sons and their descendants. This made Scotland like other European countries in keeping the same dynasty on the throne.

paragraphs: Malcolm was in his late twenties when he finally became king. Malcolm would lead a total of five raids into England starting in 1061. The Norman Conquest of England caused many to leave England. Malcolm welcomed several into Scotland. These included Edgar Atheling, his sisters Margaret and Christina as well as their mother. Raised at the court of St. Stephen of Hungary she was beautiful, wise, and very religious. Malcolm was at once taken with her and asked her to marry him. She refused as she and her sister were destined to be nuns. But after a time she finally accepted. By his marriage to Margaret he gained an interest in the English throne.

paragraphs: Edgar Atheling joined the uprising in the North of England in 1069 but it failed and William the Conqueror sacked York as punishment. Malcolm joined in but too late as Edgar left England on a Danish ship. Malcolm had long claimed Cumbria and Northumberland and made another raid on Bamburgh. He took so many captives that it was said there was an English slave in every house in Scotland. In 1071 William came north with a large army. He came as far as Abernethy but Malcolm wanted peace. William agreed to give him twelve English manors and pay a yearly fee. Malcolm had to give his son Malcolm as a hostage but this made him a vassal of the English king.

paragraphs: Edgar Atheling returned to Scotland the next year. He had been offered land on the border near Normandy by the French king. Malcolm told him to take it and settle down. He then gave Edgar gold and silver and sent him off to live in France. But Edgar soon returned having been shipwrecked on his journey. This time Malcolm advised him to make peace with king William of England. Edgar did and received a castle as a residence in England. In 1079 William and his son Robert were fighting in Normandy. Malcolm raided into England again being welcomed in Northumberland. But William sent his brother Odo, Bishop of Bayeux north to punish Northumberland and Robert to raid into Scotland. Once more Robert and Malcolm settled their differences and were at peace again. In 1092, during the reign of William Rufus Malcolm raided England yet again. Peace was again renewed with William Rufus. But William failed in one of his promises to Malcolm, so in 1093 the Scots invaded England again. This time Malcolm III died while fighting at Alnwick Castle. His son Edward died there also. Margaret, his queen died of grief after hearing the news of the death of her husband and their son.

paragraphs: About 1059 he married Ingibjorg, the widow of Thorfinn Sigurdson, Earl of Orkney. She was the daughter of Earl Finn Arnason. Together they had:

paragraphs: He married secondly Margaret of Wessex . They had eight children; six sons and two daughters, including:


title: Berengaria of Navarre

paragraphs: Berengaria (, ; c. 1165-1170 – 23 December 1230), was the oldest daughter of Sancho VI of Navarre and Sancha of Castile. Her mother's parents were Alfonso VII of León and Berenguela of Barcelona. She was the wife of Richard I of England. They had no children.


paragraphs: Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Richmond and Somerset (15 June 1519–23 July 1536) was the son of King Henry VIII of England and his mistress, Elizabeth Blount. Henry had an affair with Elizabeth Blount while he was married to Catherine of Aragon. He was the only illegitimate (a person whose parents are not married) child of Henry VIII that was confirmed by Henry VIII to be his own son. Henry had no other living sons during Fitzroy's lifetime and so Fitzroy was considered as a potential heir to the throne.

paragraphs: He died in 1536 from a lung disease, probably Tuberculosis, one year before his half-brother Edward VI of England was born.


title: Steve Hart

paragraphs: Steve Hart (1860 – June 28, 1880) was an Australian bushranger and a member of the Kelly Gang. A close friend of Ned Kelly's brother, Dan Kelly, Hart was caught up in the murder of three policemen at Stringybark Creek. He was killed during the siege at Glenrowan, Victoria.

paragraphs: Hart was born at Three Mile Creek, near Wangaratta, Victoria, in 1859. His parents, Richard Hart and Bridget Young had come from Ireland. They had other children, Richard 'Dick' Hart (Jr.), Hugh Hart, Thomas Hart, Nicholas Hart, Esther 'Ettie' Hart, Jane Hart and Winifred Hart.

paragraphs: Hart was a small man, and a very good horse rider. His brother Nicholas was a jockey. One story says Steve worked as a jockey around Beechworth and Wangaratta, and won 'The Benalla Handicap' after a protest was upheld. He did not open farm gates, and always jumped them with his horse.

paragraphs: In 1877, Hart was sent to Beechworth Gaol for 12 months for stealing 13 horses. He met Dan Kelly while in prison. When he was let out of gaol he went to Bullock Creek to look for gold with Dan Kelly. He is reported to have said here's to "...a short life, and a merry one." He was at Bullock Creek while Dan and Ned Kelly were in hiding from the police. The gang, which on that day included Joe Byrne, heard gunshots and discovered a police search party camped nearby at Stringybark Creek. The next day the gang went to the camp to take the policemen's guns. Three policemen were killed and the gang were made outlaws, which meant that they could be captured dead or alive for a reward. At this time the police did not know Hart was a member of the gang. As a member of the Kelly Gang he often rode around in women's clothes to avoid being caught. During the search for the Kelly Gang, the police were told to stop women riders to see if they were really women. The stories of how Ned's sister, Kate Kelly, did things to help the gang, were probably really about Steve Hart.

paragraphs: Hart took part in the bank robberies at Euroa and Jerilderie. At Euroa he met an old school friend of his, Francis 'Fanny' Shaw (sometimes known as Maggie Shaw) and through her, the police found out his name. Hart also stole a watch from Robert Scott, the bank manager. When a bank worker, Bob Booth, asked him for something to remember the visit by, Hart gave him a lead bullet carved with the letter 'H'.

paragraphs: At Jerilderie in 1879, the Kelly gang held many people hostage in the Royal Hotel before robbing the bank. Hart stole a watch from Reverend Gribble, a parson at the Protestant church. Ned told Hart he was a common thief and made him give the watch back. After Jerilderie, Hart went into hiding with the gang for most of 1879, although Hart did go to a St.Kilda doctor to be treated for a foot problem.

paragraphs: In June 1880 Ned Kelly came up with a plan to get his mother released from prison. Dan Kelly and Joe Byrne went to Beechworth and killed their friend Aaron Sherritt who they thought was a police spy. They knew this would bring many police by train to Beechworth to capture them. In the meantime Hart and Ned Kelly had gone to Glenrowan and forced railway workers to pull up the train tracks. They hoped the police train would crash, and then wearing home made armour they would capture the surviving policemen. These would be held as hostages until Ellen Kelly was set free.

paragraphs: Hart and Kelly forced many people of the town into a small hotel owned by Ann Jones. They were joined by Dan Kelly and Byrne who had ridden quickly across country from Beechworth. They waited at the hotel for the police. The plan failed when news of the Sherritt murder took a long time to reach Melbourne. The people kept at the hotel were becoming difficult to keep under control. Ned Kelly let one man go free at 3.00am, the school teacher Thomas Curnow, who said he had to get home to his wife. Instead he went to the train line and was able to stop the police train safely. The police went to the hotel and began shooting. It is estimated that 15,000 bullets were fired. Joe Byrne was shot dead in the front room of the hotel. Ned Kelly left the hotel in the early morning, probably to meet with other men who were going to help him capture the train. He was captured by the police.

paragraphs: At 10.00am the police were forced to stop shooting to allow some of the hostages to escape. Several, including the hotel owner's son had been shot dead. Dan Kelly's sister, Maggie Skillion, and a Catholic priest Father Gibney tried to go to the hotel to tell Steve and Dan to give themselves up, but were stopped by the police. The police wanted a cannon to be sent from Nelbourne so they could blast the two men out. At 2.30pm the police set the hotel on fire, and Father Gibney rushed inside. Gibney saw the bodies of Hart and Dan Kelly lying side by side in a room at the back of the hotel, with their heads resting on blankets. They had removed the armour which was placed beside them. It is most likely they had killed themselves.

paragraphs: The bodies of Hart and Kelly were badly burned during the fire. People who saw the burned and blackened bodies were unable to tell which was Dan Kelly and which was Steve Hart. Hart's body, little more than a blackened stump, was taken by his brother, Dick Hart, and buried at Greta Cemetery the following day, June 29, 1880, in the same grave as Dan Kelly. He was 21 years old. After the grave was filled in, the whole area was ploughed over to keep the site of the grave hidden. The family was worried that the police would still try to get the bodies. Hart's armour is now on display at the Victoria Police Museum in Melbourne.

paragraphs: Over the years there have been claims that Hart and Dan Kelly did not die at the hotel, but escaped and went to live in Queensland. A man named Billy Meade, as he was dying in 1938, told a nurse he was really Hart. Another story says Hart and Dan Kelly went to South Africa. After serving in the Second Boer War; also called the South African War, they went to India, where Hart is said to have drowned himself in Calcutta in 1917. There is no evidence to prove these stories.


title: Kleptomania

paragraphs: Kleptomania (, kleptomania, "to steal", μανία, "mania") is an impulse control disorder. It is mental disorder with a frequent urge of stealing. Kleptomaniacs often steal many of the same thing and hoard, throw away or give away the things they steal. Some may not be aware that they have committed the theft. It is often found in people who have other mental disorders, such as depression, panic attacks, bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa, obsessive-compulsive disorder and drug addiction. The condition is more common in females, and especially those with bulimia.


title: Hudson, Florida

paragraphs: Hudson is a census-designated place found in Pasco County, Florida, in the United States. About 12,500 people live in Hudson as of 2000.


title: Brooklyn, Indiana

paragraphs: Brooklyn is a town of the Clay Township in Morgan County, Indiana, in the United States. About 1,500 people were living in Brooklyn as of 2000.


title: Qawwali

paragraphs: Qawwali () is an Islamic Sufi type of music, that is famous in Pakistan and India. Mainly performed at Sufi Shrines in Pakistan and India, Qawwali has also become popular in the world. Singers like Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan are well known for this music due to their excellent voice and ability of singing. Qawwali music is believed to have started 700 years ago. This music is mainly based in Punjab, which is a state of Pakistan.


title: Pakistani rock

paragraphs: Pakistani rock is a form of rock music from Pakistan. It mixes up Pakistani classical music with American rock. It has its own vibrant elements, with slightly different sounds and tunes. Pakistani rock is mostly sung in Urdu, however large numbers of songs are also sung in languages such as Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashto and Seraiki. Many new music bands are also now singing in English.

paragraphs: The rock music of Pakistan first began in the 1990s, with "Vital Signs" and "Junoon" as the first rock bands to come out. There were then some other bands like "Strings", which also began later. After the year 2000, there were suddenly hundreds of rock music groups across Pakistan that began to create.

paragraphs: Pakistani rock music has become massively popular among people in the country. It is listened to in countries such as Iran, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, India and even as far as China and Japan.


title: Australia national football team

paragraphs: Australia national football team is the national football team of Australia. Its official nickname is "the Socceroos". The team is under the control of the Football Federation Australia (FFA), which is a member of the Asian Football Confederation. It has also been invited to join the ASEAN Football Federation. Australia's Youth teams play in the ASEAN Youth Tournaments. Australia has been the Oceania Football Confederation champion four times, and has been at three World Cup finals tournaments, in 1974, 2006 and 2010. FIFA Rankings show the Australian National Football team is one of the strongest countries in Asia, and is currently ranked 20th in the world by FIFA. Australia made it to the round of 16 in the 2006 World Cup held in Germany and were knocked out in controversial circumstances by eventual champions Italy. Australia's 2010 world cup finals campaign was also blighted by controversial and mostly incorrect refereeing decisions and lead to the teams eventual elimination in the group stages despite a 2-1 win over a higher ranked Serbian team and a draw against Ghana. Australia will now prepare for the Asian cup in early 2011 and the 2014 world cup qualification.

paragraphs: The Socceroos 2010 World Cup Squad, coached by Pim Verbeek, includes the following players:


title: Bhutan national football team

paragraphs: Bhutan national football team is the national football team of Bhutan.


title: Brunei national football team

paragraphs: Brunei national football team is the national football team of Brunei.


title: Cambodia national football team

paragraphs: Cambodia national football team is the national football team of Cambodia.


title: China national football team

paragraphs: China PR national football team is the national football team of China.


title: Chinese Taipei national football team

paragraphs: Chinese Taipei national football team is the national football team of Chinese Taipei.


title: Guam national football team

paragraphs: Guam national football team is the national football team of Guam.


title: Hong Kong national football team

paragraphs: Hong Kong national football team is the national football team of Hong Kong.


title: India national football team

paragraphs: India national football team is the national football team of India. It has won the AFC challenge Cup in 2008 and ranks 150 in FIFA ranking (2014). The team is managed by Wim Koevermans. They have been runners up of Asian Nations Cup (1964). Their best result is to feature in the fourth olympic football tournament's finals in 1956.


title: Indonesia national football team

paragraphs: Indonesia national football team is the national football team of Indonesia.


title: Iran national football team

paragraphs: Iran national football team is the national football team of Iran.


title: Iraq national football team

paragraphs: Iraq national football team is the national football team of Iraq.


title: Japan national football team

paragraphs: The Japanese national football team is the national football team of Japan.


title: Jordan national football team

paragraphs: Jordan national football team is the national football team of Jordan.


title: South Korea national football team

paragraphs: The South Korea national football team is the national football team of South Korea.

paragraphs: Korea Republic is the most successful Asian football team in the history of the FIFA World Cup having participated in eight World Cup tournaments, which is the most amount of appearances for any Asian country. Korea Republic became the first and only Asian team to reach the semi-final stages, at the 2002 tournament (Where it achieved 4th place), and also won the first two editions of the AFC Asian Cup. The current team, with players such as Chung Yong Lee, Ki Sung Yueng, Park Chu Young, Lee Keun Ho, Ji Dong won, Lee Dong Gook, and Koo Jacheol is easily a good contender for upcoming competitions too. With the new coach Hong MyungBo, South-Korea might earn a good place in the FIFA World cup of 2013.


title: Kuwait national football team

paragraphs: Kuwait national football team is the national football team of Kuwait.


title: Kyrgyzstan national football team

paragraphs: Kyrgyzstan national football team is the national football team of Kyrgyzstan.


title: Laos national football team

paragraphs: Laos national football team is the national football team of Laos.


title: Lebanon national football team

paragraphs: The Lebanon national football team are a team who play association football for Lebanon. They play most of their matches at the Camille Chamoun Sports City Stadium. The stadium is in Beirut, the capital city of Lebanon. They have never qualified for the World Cup. They have participated twice at the Asian Cup (in 2000 and 2019).

paragraphs: . Players with yellow backgrounds still play for the national team.


title: Macau national football team

paragraphs: Macau national football team is the national football team of Macau.


title: Malaysia national football team

paragraphs: Malaysia national football team is the national football team of Malaysia.


title: Maldives national football team

paragraphs: Maldives national football team is the national football team of Maldives.


title: Myanmar national football team

paragraphs: Myanmar national football team is the national football team of Myanmar.


title: Nepal national football team

paragraphs: Nepal national football team is the national football team of Nepal.


title: Oman national football team

paragraphs: Oman national football team is the national football team of Oman.


title: Pakistan national football team

paragraphs: Pakistan national football team is the national football team of Pakistan.

paragraphs: The first division league is known as PPFL(Pakistan Premiere Football League)

paragraphs: Current champions are KRL(Khan Research Laboratories) football club.


title: Palestine national football team

paragraphs: Palestine national football team is the national football team of Palestine.


title: Philippines national football team

paragraphs: Philippines national football team is the national football team of Philippines.


title: Qatar national football team

paragraphs: Qatar national football team is the national football team of Qatar.


title: Saudi Arabia national football team

paragraphs: Saudi Arabia national football team is the national football team of Saudi Arabia.


title: Singapore national football team

paragraphs: Singapore national football team is the national football team of Singapore.


title: Sri Lanka national football team

paragraphs: Sri Lanka national football team is the national football team of Sri Lanka.


title: Syria national football team

paragraphs: Syria national football team is the national football team of Syria.


title: Tajikistan national football team

paragraphs: Tajikistan national football team is the national football team of Tajikistan.


title: Thailand national football team

paragraphs: Thailand national football team is the football team playing on behalf of Thailand.


title: Timor-Leste national football team

paragraphs: Timor-Leste national football team is the national football team of Timor-Leste.


title: Turkmenistan national football team

paragraphs: Turkmenistan national football team is the national football team of Turkmenistan.


paragraphs: United Arab Emirates national football team is the national football team of United Arab Emirates.


title: Uzbekistan national football team

paragraphs: Uzbekistan national football team is the national football team of Uzbekistan.


title: Vietnam national football team

paragraphs: Vietnam national football team is the national football team of Vietnam.


title: Yemen national football team

paragraphs: The Yemen national football team is the national football team of Yemen. Yemen has never been at a FIFA World Cup.


title: Algeria national football team

paragraphs: Algeria national football team is the national football team of Algeria.


title: Angola national football team

paragraphs: The Angola national football team is the national football team of Angola.


title: Benin national football team

paragraphs: Benin national football team is the national football team of Benin.


title: Botswana national football team

paragraphs: Botswana national football team is the national football team of Botswana.


title: Burkina Faso national football team

paragraphs: Burkina Faso national football team is the national football team of Burkina Faso.


title: Burundi national football team

paragraphs: Burundi national football team is the national football team of Burundi.


title: Cameroon national football team

paragraphs: Cameroon national football team is the national football team of Cameroon.


paragraphs: Central African Republic national football team is the national football team of Central African Republic.


title: Chad national football team

paragraphs: Chad national football team is the national football team of Chad.


title: Comoros national football team

paragraphs: Comoros national football team is the national football team of Comoros.


title: Congo national football team

paragraphs: Congo national football team is the national football team of the Republic of the Congo.


title: DR Congo national football team

paragraphs: Congo DR national football team is the national football team of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.


title: Ivory Coast national football team

paragraphs: The Côte d'Ivoire national football team (also known as the Ivory Coast national football team) is the national football team of Côte d'Ivoire.


title: Djibouti national football team

paragraphs: Djibouti national football team is the national football team of Djibouti.


title: Egypt national football team

paragraphs: Egypt national football team is the national football team of Egypt.


paragraphs: Equatorial Guinea national football team is the national football team of Equatorial Guinea.


title: Eritrea national football team

paragraphs: Eritrea national football team is the national football team of Eritrea.


title: Ethiopia national football team

paragraphs: Ethiopia national football team is the national football team of Ethiopia.


title: Gabon national football team

paragraphs: Gabon national football team is the national football team of Gabon.

paragraphs: The team has never qualified for a World Cup. Gabon has participated in 7 Africa Cup of Nations tournaments (1994, 1996, 2000, 2010, 2012, 2015 and 2017).

paragraphs: The team's home stadium is the Stade Omar Bongo in Libreville. The stadium can fit 41,000 people.


title: Gambia national football team

paragraphs: Gambia national football team is the national football team of the Gambia.


title: Ghana national football team

paragraphs: Ghana national football team is the national football team of Ghana.


title: Guinea national football team

paragraphs: Guinea national football team is the national football team of Guinea.


title: Guinea-Bissau national football team

paragraphs: Guinea-Bissau national football team is the national football team of Guinea-Bissau.


title: Kenya national football team

paragraphs: Kenya national football team is the national football team of Kenya.


title: Lesotho national football team

paragraphs: Lesotho national football team is the national football team of Lesotho. They are nicknamed the "Likuena (Crocodiles)".

paragraphs: The country has never qualified for the final stages of the World Cup or the Africa Cup of Nations.


title: Liberia national football team

paragraphs: Liberia national football team is the national football team of Liberia.


title: Libya national football team

paragraphs: Libya national football team is the national football team of Libya.


title: Madagascar national football team

paragraphs: Madagascar national football team is the national football team of Madagascar.


title: Malawi national football team

paragraphs: Malawi national football team is the national football team of Malawi.


title: Psalm 151

paragraphs: Psalm 151 is a short psalm that is controversial because it is in some versions of the Bible but not others. In particular, it is in several very old Greek translations of the Bible but is not in the Hebrew Bible. There has been a lot of debate over whether or not the psalm should be considered part of the Bible.

paragraphs: The psalm has been known about for a long time and the Greek version was used for study for hundreds of years. When the Dead Sea Scrolls (which are in Hebrew) were found and translated, part of Psalm 151 was in them. This surprised the researchers very much, but not as much as what they would find later on.

paragraphs: After studying the scrolls, they noticed that the Greek translator had actually made a mistake. Two different pieces of two different psalms were treated like they were one big psalm when they were not. There is a big change in the Greek version after the fifth line (where the second psalm fragment would begin) and is a lot more like a story than most of the other psalms, which are more like poems.

paragraphs: The Greek version of the psalm says that it was written by King David after his battle with Goliath. It talks about how, even though David was the least of all his brothers, God chose him to be king. It then talks about how David cut off Goliath's head with Goliath's own sword after killing him with his slingshot.

paragraphs: The Eastern Orthodox Church accepts Psalm 151 as part of the Bible, but Roman Catholics, most Protestants, and most Jews do not. However, it can be found in some Catholic Bibles and in certain other Bible translations like the New Revised Standard Version.


title: Institute of Engineering and Technology

paragraphs: The Institute of Engineering and Technology Lucknow (IET) is a college in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

paragraphs: The IET was started by the government of Uttar Pradesh in 1984, to teach people about technology and engineering. The school is paid for by the government.


title: Kate Kelly

paragraphs: Catherine Ada Kelly (12 July 1863 – October 1898), known as Kate Kelly, was a younger sister of Australian bushranger Ned Kelly.

paragraphs: Kate Kelly was born in Beveridge, Victoria, Australia, in a house built by her parents, John "Red" Kelly and Ellen Quinn. Kate was their seventh child. The family moved to Avenel soon after her birth, where another child, Grace, was born. John Kelly died of dropsy when Kate was four years old. Ellen Kelly then moved the family to her sister's house at Greta. One year later, the family moved again, to a two-room hut on their own land at Eleven Mile Creek. Kate helped her mother bring up the family, which included three more children by Ellen's second husband, George King.

paragraphs: The Kellys had already had a long history of trouble with the police. Alexander Fitzpatrick, a young policeman, went to the house on 15 April 1878. He was drunk, and said he wanted to arrest Dan Kelly for horse stealing. He sexually assaulted Kate, and her family tried to help her. Historians can not agree on what really happened next.

paragraphs: Fitzpatrick went back to Benalla Police Station and said that Ellen Kelly had hit him on the head with shovel. He also said that Dan Kelly had hit him, and Ned Kelly had tried to shoot him. William Skillion, Kate's brother-in-law, and William Williamson a neighbour of the Kellys, were also said to have hurt him. Ned Kelly said that he was not at the house, but working on a farm 400 miles away, though most historians believe he was at the house with Joe Byrne.

paragraphs: Ellen Kelly was sent to prison for three years for trying to kill Fitzpatrick; Williamson and Skillion were sent for six year. Ned and Dan Kelly hid at Bullock Creek, in the Wombat Ranges, so the police could not find them. On the 25 October 1878, at Stringybark Creek, they met four policemen who had been sent to arrest them. Three of the policemen were killed. Ned, Dan, Joe Byrne and Steve Hart were made outlaws, and turned to bank robbery.

paragraphs: With their mother in prison, and their brothers being hunted by the police, Kate Kelly and her sister Margaret looked after the younger children. Kate also helped trick the police, leading the police away when they got close to her brothers. She supplied the Kelly Gang with food, ammunition, and news about the police hunt. The folk song, "Ye Sons of Australia" has a part about Kate helping the Kelly Gang;

paragraphs: The song places Kate Kelly at the siege at Glenrowan;

paragraphs: Historians now think that many of the actions thought to have been carried out by Kate, was really gang member Steve Hart in a dress.

paragraphs: Following Ned's arrest, Kate would often visit him in prison, as well as raising money for legal costs. She got people to sign petitions asking for mercy for Ned. Kate begged on her knees in front of the Governor, His Excellency the Marquis of Normanby, to save her brother's life. Ned was hanged on 11 November 1880.

paragraphs: On the night of the hanging, Kate and her brother Jim Kelly, went on stage at the Appollo Hall in Melbourne. People paid one shilling to see them sitting on the stage. Kate and Jim went to Sydney and continued to appear on stage, with Jim riding Ned Kelly's horse. The police stopped the shows. She was seen performing as "Ada" in a Sydney "Wild West Show", and then in Adelaide under the names Ada Hennessey and Kate Ambrose. She stopped performing due to ill health. She worked for a short time at "Hill Scott's Hotel" in Adelaide, before her poor health forced her to return home to Greta. She worked as a servant in Wangaratta, and a maid in Lanceby.

paragraphs: On 25 November 1888, she married William Henry Foster, a blacksmith, and lived in the town of Forbes. They had six children, though three died when they were still babies.

paragraphs: On 6 October 1898, Kate was reported missing. She was found drowned eight days later, in a swamp near Forbes. Some historians think that she may have taken her own life because she had depression, brought on by the death of her sister, Maggie, two years earlier. She was buried in the Forbes Cemetery, aged 35.

paragraphs: After her death, her three children, Frederick Arthur, Gertrude Eileen Ada, and Ethel Maude, went to live with Ellen Kelly at Eleven Mile Creek. Frederick Arthur became a beekeeper in the town of Myrrhee and died in World War I. Gertrude married Arthur Cavanagh, a builder. They lived in Wangaratta and looked after Ellen Kelly in her old age. Ethel married Albert Hibbert, and also looked after Ellen Kelly.


title: Beta decay

paragraphs: In nuclear physics, beta decay is a type of radioactive decay where a beta particle (an electron or a positron) is made and sent away, or emitted. When it is an electron, it is called "beta minus", and changes a neutron into a proton. When it is a positron, it is "beta plus" and changes a proton into a neutron. The weak force makes Beta decay possible.


title: Beta particle

paragraphs: Beta particles are electrons or positrons emitted by some radioactive nuclei such as potassium-40 or carbon-14 (which becomes nitrogen-14). The beta particles emitted are a form of ionizing radiation sometimes called beta rays. Henri Becquerel and Ernest Rutherford discovered beta rays in the 1890s. Beta particles are made by beta decay. When scientists write it in an equation, they are use the Greek letter beta (β).

paragraphs: There are two forms of beta decay, β and β, which make the electron and the positron. β is a single electron that has a negative charge of -1. Both beta decays also turn a neutron into a proton.


title: Scientific law

paragraphs: A scientific law is an equation or statement that most scientists agree is true. A hypothesis becomes a law if the hypothesis is tested many, many times and is almost always true.


title: Gravitational singularity

paragraphs: A gravitational singularity (sometimes called a spacetime singularity) is a term used to describe the center of a black hole where gravity is thought to approach infinity.

paragraphs: In the center of each black hole is a singularity, a point where infinite density develops as spacetime approaches it. Spacetime goes toward infinite curvature and matter is crushed to infinite density under the pull of infinite gravity. At a singularity, space and time cease to exist as we know them and current laws of physics cannot be applied to this region.

paragraphs: Singularities form by a collapse of a star, where star with high enough mass (above 30 times the sun) would shrink under its own gravity and force until it becomes a single, one dimensional point. When it forms, space and time would be infinite in there.

paragraphs: An example would be that if a person were to stand on a collapsing star right before the singularity forms, and they sent a signal every second to a nearby observer, time and space would slow down as the singularity is being formed. The observer would hear the signal slowing down. Let's say the singularity forms at 12:00 exactly. The observer would receive all the signals, one after another, with each new signal slowing down at a very small rate until the 12:00 signal. When the 12:00 signal was sent, time and space would be infinite -- in other words, it would take forever to get the signal.

paragraphs: To understand singularities, you have to think about infinite density, like how the original Big Bang started. The Big Bang, most scientists believe, started from an earlier universe that was pulled together by gravity into a single point. After that, it exploded and made all the matter in the expanding universe. A black hole singularity is similar, except on a smaller scale. Imagine if our sun decreased to the size of the nucleus of an atom. It would be very dense. However, our sun does not have a high enough mass to become a black hole. It is well below the Chandrasekhar limit, which means it will shrink to a white dwarf, with radius of a few thousand miles. It can't become a black hole, because it is too small.


title: Supermassive black hole

paragraphs: A supermassive black hole (SMBH or less often SBH) is a black hole with a mass that is between 10 and 10 the mass of the Sun. Scientists are confident that almost all galaxies, including the Milky Way, have supermassive black holes at their centers.

paragraphs: How supermassive black holes get started is not yet known. Astrophysicists agree that once a black hole is in place in the center of a galaxy, it can grow by attracting matter and by merging with other black holes. Formation of ordinary (star-sized) black holes from the deaths of the first stars has been extensively studied and supported by observations.

paragraphs: However, there appears to be a gap between stellar-mass black holes, and supermassive black holes.

paragraphs: Stellar-mass black holes, formed from collapsing stars, range up to perhaps 33 solar masses. The minimal supermassive black hole is in the range of a hundred thousand solar masses. Between these extremes there appear to be few intermediate-mass black holes. Such a gap would suggest that the two types were formed by different processes.

paragraphs: Observations show that quasars were much more frequent when the Universe was younger. Supermassive black holes of billions of solar masses had already formed when the Universe was less than one billion years old. This suggests that supermassive black holes arose very early in the Universe, inside the first massive galaxies.

paragraphs: Astronomers are confident that our own Milky Way galaxy has a supermassive black hole at its center. It is 26,000 light-years from the Solar System, in the direction of the constellation Sagittarius. The region is called Sagittarius A*, and the evidence for its being a black hole is:

paragraphs: The Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, and the UCLA Galactic Center Group, have provided strong evidence that Sagittarius A* is the site of a supermassive black hole. This is based on data from the ESO, and the Keck telescope. Our galactic central black hole is calculated to have a mass of approximately 4.1 million solar masses, or about 8.2 × 10 kg.


title: Event horizon

paragraphs: In general relativity, an event horizon is the part of a black hole where light cannot escape. Imagine the black hole to be like a ball that you could see in a large spot of emptiness. The event horizon would then be an outer bubble that surrounds that ball, the space between the ball and the larger bubble would be the event horizon. If an object goes past the event horizon, it can never get away from it. Light that is emitted from inside of the event horizon near the black hole can never reach an observer on the other side. If an observer saw an object fall into a black hole, it would look like the object was stuck at the event horizon forever. The reason this happens is because of the gravity of the black hole slows down time around it, making it look like the object will take an infinite amount of time to reach it.


title: Nanosecond

paragraphs: A nanosecond (ns) is one billionth of a second. It is equal to 10 seconds.

paragraphs: One nanosecond is equal to 1000 picoseconds. 1000 nanoseconds is equal to one microsecond. Ten nanoseconds are sometimes called a shake.

paragraphs: Some things that take between one nanosecond and ten nanoseconds are listed below


title: Microsecond

paragraphs: A microsecond (sometimes shortened to μs) is one millionth of a second. This page lists times between 10 seconds (1 microsecond) and 10 seconds (10 microseconds).

paragraphs: One microsecond contains 1000 nanoseconds. There are 1000 microseconds in one millisecond.


title: Millisecond

paragraphs: A millisecond (sometimes shortened to 'ms') is one thousandth of a second. To help you understand how fast a milisecond is, try this video. This page lists times between 10 seconds and 10 seconds (1 milli<nowiki>second</nowiki> to 10 milliseconds).

paragraphs: One millisecond contains 1000 microseconds. There are 1000 milliseconds in a second.


title: Decasecond

paragraphs: A decasecond is a unit of time equal to 10 seconds. It can be written mathematically as 10 seconds.


title: Hectosecond

paragraphs: A hectosecond is equal to 100 seconds. It can be written as 10 seconds. There are 10 hectoseconds in a kilosecond, which is 1000 seconds. There are 10 decaseconds in one hectosecond.


title: Kilosecond

paragraphs: A kilosecond is 1000 seconds. It can be written as 10 seconds. It is equal to 16 minutes, 40 seconds. There are 86.4 kiloseconds in a day (24 hours).


title: Megasecond

paragraphs: A megasecond is one million seconds. This page lists times between 10 seconds and 10 seconds, which is about 11.6 days and 0.0317 years.

paragraphs: Ten megaseconds is equal to 115.74 days. 100 megaseconds is equal to 3.2 years.


title: Gigasecond

paragraphs: A gigasecond (symbol: Gs) is one billion seconds. That is about 31.7 years. It can be written as 10 seconds.

paragraphs: 3.16 Gs is about 1 century (100 years). 31.6 Gs is about 1 millennium (1000 years).

paragraphs: This page lists times of between 1 and 1000 gigaseconds, or between 31.7 and 31,700 years.


title: Terasecond and longer

paragraphs: A terasecond (symbol: Ts) is one trillion seconds. That is about 31,700 years. It can be written as 10 seconds.

paragraphs: Here is a list of time spans longer than 1 terasecond:

paragraphs: Here are some examples of events that take this long:


title: Picosecond

paragraphs: A picosecond is an standard unit of measuring time. It is equal to 10 of a second. That is one trillionth, or one millionth of one millionth of a second, or 0.000000000001 seconds.


title: Femtosecond

paragraphs: A femtosecond is one billionth of one millionth, or one quadrillionth of a second. It can be written as 10 second. Even shorter than this is an attosecond.


title: Attosecond

paragraphs: An attosecond (as) is a very short period of time. It is equal to one quintillionth of a second (or 0.000000000000000001 seconds). It can also be written as 10 seconds. Because it can be hard to think about how short this period of time is, on this page is a list of descriptions of periods of time longer than 1 attosecond, but shorter than one femtosecond (which is 10 seconds). This should help when thinking about periods of time that have different orders of magnitude.


title: Orders of magnitude (time)

paragraphs: An order of magnitude describes the link between two amounts. The difference between each step is usually 10, with each order being either 10 times greater or 10 times smaller than the next amount. This makes the scale easy to manipulate using logarithms. For time, the difference between the smallest limit of time, the Planck time, and the next order of magnitude is larger than 10.


title: Lycée Thiers

paragraphs: The Lycée Thiers is a public secondary school in the city center of Marseille and obtains the best results of the academy of Aix-Marseille. It is considered one of the most demanding in France.

paragraphs: The law of May 1, 1802 decided the creation of 45 secondary schools in France. The "Lycée de Marseille" was opened on December 22, 1802. Under Napoleon III, it was called "Lycée Impérial". In 1930, it took the name of "Lycée Thiers."

paragraphs: The Lycée Thiers is constituted by a college of 400 pupils and a lycee of 1900 pupils, with 980 pupils studying in the "classes préparatoires aux grandes écoles" (classes to prepare students for entrance to the élite "grandes écoles")!


title: Mauritania national football team

paragraphs: Mauritania national football team is the national football team of Mauritania.


title: Mauritius national football team

paragraphs: Mauritius national football team is the national football team of Mauritius.


title: Morocco national football team

paragraphs: Morocco national football team is the national football team of Morocco.


title: Mozambique national football team

paragraphs: Mozambique national football team is the national football team of Mozambique.


title: Namibia national football team

paragraphs: Namibia national football team is the national football team of Namibia.


title: Niger national football team

paragraphs: Niger national football team is the national football team of Niger.


title: Nigeria national football team

paragraphs: Nigeria national football team is the national football team of Nigeria.

paragraphs: The following players were called up for the friendly matches against Algeria and Tunisia in Austria on 9 and 13 October 2020 respectively.

paragraphs: <br>"Caps and goals current as of 17 November 2019 after the match against Lesotho."


title: Réunion national football team

paragraphs: Réunion national football team is the national football team of Réunion.


title: Rwanda national football team

paragraphs: Rwanda national football team is the national football team of Rwanda.


paragraphs: São Tomé and Príncipe national football team is the national football team of São Tomé and Príncipe.


title: Senegal national football team

paragraphs: Senegal national football team is the national football team of Senegal.


title: Seychelles national football team

paragraphs: Seychelles national football team is the national football team of Seychelles.


title: Sierra Leone national football team

paragraphs: Sierra Leone national football team is the national football team of Sierra Leone.


title: Somalia national football team

paragraphs: Somalia national football team is the national football team of Somalia. They have never qualified for the World Cup or the African Cup of Nations.


title: South Africa national football team

paragraphs: South Africa national football team is the national football team of South Africa.


title: Sudan national football team

paragraphs: Sudan national football team is the national football team of Sudan.


title: Eswatini national football team

paragraphs: Eswatini national football team is the national football team of Eswatini.


title: Tanzania national football team

paragraphs: Tanzania national football team is the national football team of Tanzania.


title: Togo national football team

paragraphs: Togo national football team is the national football team of Togo.


title: Tunisia national football team

paragraphs: Tunisia national football team is the national football team of Tunisia.


title: Uganda national football team

paragraphs: Uganda national football team is the national football team of Uganda.


title: Zambia national football team

paragraphs: Zambia national football team is the national football team of Zambia.


title: Zanzibar national football team

paragraphs: Zanzibar national football team is the national football team of Zanzibar.


title: Zimbabwe national football team

paragraphs: Zimbabwe national football team is the national football team of Zimbabwe.


title: Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home

paragraphs: Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home was the fourth movie set in the Star Trek universe. It was made in 1986 by Paramount Pictures. James T. Kirk and his crew have to travel back in time in a Klingon space ship to save the Earth.


title: Anguilla national football team

paragraphs: Anguilla national football team is the national football team of Anguilla.

paragraphs: Anguilla is currently 198th out of 203 in the FIFA World Rankings.


paragraphs: Antigua and Barbuda national football team is the national football team of Antigua and Barbuda.


title: Barbados national football team

paragraphs: Barbados national football team is the national football team of Barbados.


title: Belize national football team

paragraphs: Belize national football team is the national football team of Belize.


title: Bermuda national football team

paragraphs: Bermuda national football team is the national football team of Bermuda.


paragraphs: British Virgin Islands national football team is the national football team of British Virgin Islands.


title: Canada national soccer team

paragraphs: The Canada national soccer team can refer to:


title: Cayman Islands national football team

paragraphs: Cayman Islands national football team is the national football team of Cayman Islands.


title: Costa Rica national football team

paragraphs: Costa Rica national football team is the national football team of Costa Rica.


title: Cuba national football team

paragraphs: Cuba national football team is the national football team of Cuba.


title: Dominica national football team

paragraphs: Dominica national football team is the national football team of Dominica.


paragraphs: Dominican Republic national football team is the national football team of Dominican Republic, and is controlled by the Dominican Football Federation. The team has never featured globally. Football is a popular sport in the country recently, where the main sport is baseball. The Dominican assembly made history when in October 2010 a scandalous thrashed 17-0 British Virgin Islands, with the biggest victory in the history of the CONCACAF.


title: El Salvador national football team

paragraphs: El Salvador national football team is the national football team of El Salvador.


title: French Guiana national football team

paragraphs: French Guiana national football team is the national football team of French Guiana.


title: Grenada national football team

paragraphs: Grenada national football team is the national football team of Grenada.


title: Guadeloupe national football team

paragraphs: Guadeloupe national football team is the national football team of Guadeloupe.


title: Allan Ramsay (artist)

paragraphs: Allan Ramsay (13 October 1713 – 10 August 1784), was a Scottish portrait-painter. Allan Ramsay was descended from the lowland Clan Ramsay.


title: Norfolk House

paragraphs: Norfolk House, at 31 St James's Square, London, was built in 1722 for the Duke of Norfolk. It was a royal residence for a short time only, when Frederick, Prince of Wales, father of King George III of the United Kingdom, lived there 1737-1741, after his marriage in 1736 to Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, daughter of Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha. King George III was born in the house, which was offered to the royal couple by the 9th Duke of Norfolk.


title: Kensington Palace

paragraphs: Kensington Palace is a royal residence set in Kensington Gardens, in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea in London, England. It has been a residence of the British Royal Family since the 17th century. Today, it is the main residence of The Duke and Duchess of Gloucester; the Duke and Duchess of Kent; and Prince and Princess Michael of Kent. Kensington Palace is also used on an unofficial basis by Prince Henry, as well as his cousin, Zara Phillips.


title: Sandringham House

paragraphs: Sandringham House is in Norfolk, England. It has been in the British royal family since Albert, Prince Consort bought it for Edward VII of the United Kingdom.

paragraphs: Like Balmoral, it is the private property of the monarch of the United Kingdom, not an official, government owned, building. This meant that when Edward VIII abdicated in 1936 the new king, George VI, had to buy the properties from his brother.

paragraphs: York Cottage is in the grounds of Sandringham Estate.


title: Royal Lodge

paragraphs: Royal Lodge is a house in Windsor Great Park, half a mile north of Cumberland Lodge and 3 miles south of Windsor Castle. It was the Windsor residence of Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother from 1952 until her death there in 2002. Since 2004 it has been the official residence of Prince Andrew, Duke of York.


title: Holyrood Palace

paragraphs: The Palace of Holyroodhouse, also known as Holyrood Palace, founded as a monastery by David I of Scotland in 1128, has served as the main home of the Kings and Queens of Scotland since the fifteenth century. The Palace stands in Edinburgh, at the bottom of the Royal Mile. The Palace of Holyroodhouse is the official home in Scotland of

paragraphs: Queen Elizabeth II, who spends time at the Palace at the beginning of the summer.

paragraphs: Holyrood is an anglicisation of the Scots "Haly Ruid" (Holy Cross).

paragraphs: Pope Benedict XVI visited Queen Elizabeth II on 16th September 2010 on his first day of his Official Papal visit to the United Kingdom. He then went on to say mass at Glasgow's Beallahouston Park.


title: Chlorophytum comosum

paragraphs: The Spider Plant, Chlorophytum comosum, is a species of "Chlorophytum" native to South Africa.

paragraphs: Spider plants have long narrow leaves that are 20–40 cm (8–15 in) long and 5–20 mm (0.2–0.8 in) broad. They grow from a central rosette. It also produces branched stolons with small white flowers and baby plantlets.

paragraphs: It is a very popular houseplant. The most widely grown is the variegated cultivar 'Variegatum'. It has one or two broad yellowish-white bands running along the length of each leaf. Natural, entirely green plants are also grown.

paragraphs: The Spider Plant is very easy to spread. They can be propagated by splitting its main rosette. It is even easier to remove plantlets from the stolons and plant them separately or put them in a glass of water. They will grow roots readily in water but establish faster in soil while still attached to the parent plant. Pinning the plantlet to the soil with a bent paper clip can be helpful. Make sure the soil is damp and well drained. The plantlet can then be removed from the parent plant in 7-10 days.

paragraphs: It is a very popular plant with beginners, as it is easy to grow and propagate.

paragraphs: Spider plants have also been shown to reduce indoor air pollution.

paragraphs: At the spot where a leaf would normally develop a node, these plants will produce adventitious roots down into the soil, and new above ground shoots.


title: Hampton Court Palace

paragraphs: Hampton Court Palace is a royal palace in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, Greater London. The British royal family have not lived there since the 18th century. The palace is south west of Charing Cross and upstream of Central London on the River Thames.

paragraphs: The palace was bought by the English monarchy in 1528. This was when Thomas Wolsey gave it to Henry VIII. It stayed a royal palace for the next 220 years. In its lifetime, it saw twelve monarchs on the throne, until George III stopped living in it after the death of his wife. There was a fire at Hampton Court in 1986. It is currently owned by Historic Royal Palaces, which also owns places like the Tower of London. It is open to the public. It has many gardens, and also has a maze.


title: Gatcombe Park

paragraphs: Gatcombe Park is the private country home of Anne, Princess Royal. It is in England between the Gloucestershire villages of Minchinhampton and Avening. It is five miles (8 km) south of Stroud and around six miles (10 km) north of Highgrove, the country residence of Prince Charles.


title: Highgrove

paragraphs: Highgrove House is the country home of HRH The Prince of Wales, in Gloucestershire, England. It is at Doughton, near Tetbury.

paragraphs: Highgrove House was bought in 1980 by the Duchy of Cornwall. The Duchy also manages the estate surrounding the house.


title: Hillsborough Castle

paragraphs: Hillsborough Castle is an official government residence in Northern Ireland. It is the residence of the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland. It is also used by Queen Elizabeth II and other members of the British Royal Family when they visit the country, and by prominent international visitors. From 1922 until 1972 it was the residence of Governor of Northern Ireland.


title: Birkhall

paragraphs: Birkhall (BerkHA; from the Scots Birk Haugh: "Birch River-meadow") is a 53,000 acre (210 km²) estate on Royal Deeside, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. It is alongside the River Muick to the southwest of Ballater.

paragraphs: The Queen Mother lived here for a while.


title: Thatched House Lodge

paragraphs: Thatched House Lodge is a royal residence in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames in London, England.

paragraphs: It was the London home of Dwight D. Eisenhower in World War II.

paragraphs: Since 1963 Thatched House Lodge has been the residence of Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy. It was acquired by her late husband, Sir Angus Ogilvy, on a lease from Crown Estate Commissioners following their marriage.


title: Palace of Placentia

paragraphs: The Palace of Placentia was an English Royal Palace built by Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester in 1447, in Greenwich, on the banks of the River Thames, downstream from London. It was the place of the birth of Elizabeth I in 1533. The Palace was demolished in the seventeenth century .


title: Woodstock Palace

paragraphs: Woodstock Palace was a royal residence in the English town of Woodstock, Oxfordshire.

paragraphs: The title of "palace" was first used to refer to it during the twelfth century, when it was favoured by King Henry I of England. In about 1120 he created a zoo in the grounds. His grandson, Henry II was also fond of Woodstock, and spent time here with his mistress, Rosamund Clifford.

paragraphs: Woodstock Palace was destroyed during the English Civil War.


title: White Lodge, Richmond Park

paragraphs: White Lodge is a Georgian house in Richmond Park, near the south-west edge of London.


title: Nonsuch Palace

paragraphs: Nonsuch Palace was a Tudor royal palace, built by Henry VIII in Surrey; it stood from 1538 to 1682-3. It was extremely grand but the smallest of all of Henry's palaces.


title: Seat belt

paragraphs: A seat belt is a strap that holds a person into his or her seat in a car, truck, plane, or other vehicle, so that in a crash he or she would not be injured or killed by flying forward and hitting parts of the vehicle or being thrown out of it. They are helpful in saving lives in car accidents.

paragraphs: In 1946 a doctor in Pasadena, California proposed better seat belts than were used then. In 1955 several improved seat belts were patented. Automobile manufacturers sold many more cars with such seat belts, starting then. Eventually, laws required cars to have them.


title: Troubadour (K'naan album)

paragraphs: Troubadour is the third studio album released by K'naan. The features some guest artists like "Chubb Rock", "Damian Marley", "Adam Levine", "Kirk Hammett", "Mos Def", and "Chali 2na". Singles include "Bang Bang" featuring Adam Levine, "ABC's" featuring Chubb Rock, "Dreamer", "If Rap Gets Jealous" which features Metallica member Kirk Hammett, "Wavin' Flag", and "Take a Minute".


title: Scott Parker

paragraphs: Scott Parker (born 13 October 1980) is an English football player. He plays for West Ham United.


title: Princess Augusta of Great Britain

paragraphs: Princess Augusta (Augusta Frederica; 31 July 1737 – 23 March 1813) was a member of the British Royal Family, a granddaughter of George II and sister of George III. In 1763 she married Charles, prince of the House of Brunswick, of which she was already a member. She had seven children. Her marriage was not a happy one, and Augusta eventually returned to London where she died in 1813. Her daughter Caroline of Brunswick was the Queen consort of George IV.


title: Princess Charlotte of Clarence

paragraphs: Princess Charlotte of Clarence Born on 27 March 1819, Hanover. She died the same day as her birth. She was the oldest daughter of William IV of the United Kingdom and his wife Adelaide. She had four younger siblings- , two stillborn brothers and a stillborn sibling of unknown sex.


title: Mary, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange

paragraphs: Mary, Princess Royal, Princess of Orange and Countess of Nassau (4 November 1631 – 24 December 1660) was the eldest daughter of King Charles I of England, Scotland, and Ireland and his queen, Henrietta Maria. She was the wife of William II, Prince of Orange and Count of Nassau (27 May 1626–6 November 1650) and the mother of King William III of England and Ireland, II of Scotland (14 November 1650–8 May 1702). Mary Stuart or Mary of Orange, as she was also known, was the first daughter of a British Sovereign to hold the title Princess Royal.


title: Elizabeth of England (1635–1650)

paragraphs: Elizabeth of England and Scotland (1635–1650) was the second daughter of King Charles I of England and Scotland and Henrietta Maria of France. Elizabeth was born on 28 December 1635 at St. James's Palace, and was baptized there on 2 January the next year by William Laud, the Archbishop of Canterbury.She died on the Isle of Wright in 1650 at the age of 16 during commonwealth.


title: Princess Anne of England

paragraphs: Princess Anne of England (17 March 1637 – 8 December 1640) was the daughter of Charles I of England and his queen, Henrietta Maria of France. She was born at St. James's Palace, and died of natural causes at Richmond Palace, at the age of three. She was buried at Westminster Abbey.


title: Henry Stuart, Duke of Gloucester

paragraphs: Henry Stuart, Duke of Gloucester (8 July 1640 – 18 September 1660) was the third adult (and youngest) son of Charles I and his queen, Henrietta Maria of France. He is also known as Henry of Oatland.


title: Catherine of Braganza

paragraphs: Catherine of Braganza (; 25 November 1638 – 31 December 1705) was a Portuguese Infanta and the queen consort of Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland. She was the daughter of John IV of Portugal and queen consort Luisa de Guzmán.


title: Nell Gwyn

paragraphs: Eleanor "Nell" Gwyn (or Gwynn or Gwynne) (1650 - 14 November 1687), was one of the earliest English actresses to receive prominent recognition, and a long-time mistress of King Charles II.

paragraphs: Called "pretty, witty Nell" by Samuel Pepys, she has been called a living embodiment of the spirit of Restoration England and has come to be considered a folk heroine, with a story echoing the rags-to-royalty tale of Cinderella.


title: Descendants of Charles II of England

paragraphs: The descendants of Charles II of England, Stuart monarch of the Kingdom of England, Kingdom of Scotland and Kingdom of Ireland, are numerous; lines of his many illegitimate children exist to this day. Though Charles's wife Catherine of Braganza was barren, he stayed with her but had numerous mistresses. Some of Charles's illegitimate children were born before his marriage. This article deals with the most senior figures who were descended from Charles' illegitimate male children; the names of his daughters are also mentioned.

paragraphs: Although some of Charles' children made claims to the throne, most notably his first son James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth, their illegitimacy meant that after Charles' death, his brother James, Duke of York became king instead. Over the years several of Charles' senior descendants have made names for themselves, including Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton who became Prime Minister of Great Britain, cricket pioneer Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond, parliamentary reformer Charles Lennox, 3rd Duke of Richmond.

paragraphs: Diana, Princess of Wales was descended from two of Charles' illegitimate sons; Henry Fitzroy, 1st Duke of Grafton and Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond. This means should her son Prince William, Duke of Cambridge take to the British throne as he is expected to, William would become the first blood descendant of Charles II to do so. Though William is part of the royal House of Windsor, rather than the House of Stuart.

paragraphs: Catherine Pegge and Charles II also had a daughter together called Catherine FitzCharles but she died young or became a nun.

paragraphs: Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland was perhaps the most notorious of Charles' mistresses. Some of the children claimed by Palmer as belonging to Charles are in doubt. Anne Lennard, Countess of Sussex was claimed to be Charles' and he recognised her, though some sources regard Roger Palmer as her father. Palmer claimed Lady Barbara FitzRoy was Charles' daughter, however he never recognised her and most sources consider John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough her likely father. Palmer and Charles had a daughter together Charlotte Lee, Countess of Lichfield and three sons who were recognised by Charles, their lines are featured below.

paragraphs: The two had one daughter; Lady Mary Tudor. Mary went on to marry Edward Radclyffe, 2nd Earl of Derwentwater; after Edward's death, she married Henry Graham, and upon his death she married James Rooke.


title: White Butte

paragraphs: White Butte is the highest point in North Dakota. It has an elevation of 1,609 meters. It is a butte in Slope County, in the Badlands.


title: Athelbald of Wessex

paragraphs: Athelbald, also spelled Æthelbald or Ethelbald (–860) was a West Saxon nobleman. In 856 he was King of Wessex while his father was in Rome. When Athelwulf returned, Athelbald refused to step down. To avoid a civil war, Athelwulf gave his son the kingdom of Wessex and became sub-king of Kent.

paragraphs: Athelbald was the second of the five sons of King Athelwulf of Wessex and Osburga. She was the daughter of Oslac, Athelwulf's butler. He was born about 832. He is recording fighting alongside his father in 851 in the battle at Acleah. There the Vikings who had just defeated Berhtwulf of Mercia near London and when they moved into Surrey they were met and defeated by the West Saxons. In 855 his father Athelwulf went on a to Rome. He left the kingdom in the care of Athelbald. After spending a year in Rome and spending time at court of Charles the Bald, King of the West Franks, Athelwulf returned. But he had wed the king's young daughter, Judith. She could not have been any older than thirteen at the time. The Frankish king Charles had insisted that his daughter be queen. When Athelwulf returned to Wessex with his new Queen, Athelbald objected to his father remaining king. To avoid a civil war Athelwulf agreed to take the sub-kingship of Kent. He let Ethelbald retain his position as king of Wessex. Athelwulf died in 858 as the King of Kent. Athelbald then took his father's young wife Judith as his own wife, apparently without a major scandal.

paragraphs: Despite his marriage to his step-mother Judith, he had no children. He was succeeded by his brother Athelbert of Wessex.


title: Athelwulf of Wessex

paragraphs: Athelwulf, also spelled Æthelwulf or Ethelwulf (–858) was a West Saxon nobleman. He conquered the territories of Kent, Sussex and Essex for his father in 825. That same year he was appointed the king of Kent. In 839 he succeeded his father as King of Wessex.

paragraphs: Athelwulf was born . He was the oldest son of King Egbert of Wessex and his Frankish wife Redburga. He may have been born in Francia (France) while his father was in exile there. In 824 his father sent him at the head of an army into Kent. There Athelwulf drove Baldred, the Mercian puppet king, out of Kent. His father appointed Athelwulf King of Kent which included Essex, Surrey and Sussex. Athelwulf ruled as a sub-king of Wessex.

paragraphs: Athelwulf succeeded his father to the throne of Wessex in 839. His father Egbert had done everything he could so that his son would be king after him. He appointed Aethelwulf his sub-king; ruler of the subordinate kingdom of Kent. This gave Athelwulf experience that made him the leading candidate for king after his father. In turn, Athelwulf did the same for his sons to insure they would follow him to the throne. One of the first things he did as king was to appoint his son Athelstan, King of Kent.

paragraphs: Under Athelwulf's rule the ealdormen, the most important leaders after the king, became very important. In the 840s when viking raids became more frequent it was his ealdormen who led various local armies against the invaders. In 851 there were three large raids in southern England. The largest had over three hundred ships. They attacked at a place called Acleah in Surrey. Athelwolf and his son Athelbald met the Danes (vikings) in battle and defeated them. After this victory Athelwulf was considered the leading Anglo-Saxon king in England. In 852 Burghred of Mercia, a vassal king, asked for Athelwulf's help against Wales. Athelwulf did help and together they defeated Cyngen ap Cadell. Shortly afterward his daughter, Athelswith, became Burgred's wife and queen. By early 854 Athelwulf's wife, Osburgh, died. His eldest son Athelstan died about this same time.

paragraphs: In 855 Athelwulf went on a to Rome. He took his youngest son Alfred with him. He left the kingdom in the care of Athelbald, his second son. After spending a year in Rome he traveled to the court of Charles the Bald, King of the West Franks. There he spent the summer and fall of 856. In October 856 he wed the king's young daughter, Judith. She could not have been any older than thirteen at the time. The marriage was at best a diplomatic alliance. Both men were suffering from Viking attacks, and formed a common alliance. Charles insisted that his daughter be queen. When Athelwulf returned to Wessex there was opposition to his remaining king. To avoid a civil war he agreed to take the sub-kingship of Kent, held by Ethelbald. He let Ethelbald become king of Wessex. Athelwulf died in 858 as the King of Kent. Ethelbald took his father's young wife Judith as his own wife, apparently without a major scandal.

paragraphs: Athelwulf married Osburh, daughter of Oslac, Athelwulf's butler. Together they had:


title: Athelbert of Wessex

paragraphs: Athelbert, also spelled Æthelbert (died 866), was a West Saxon nobleman. He was the sub-king of Kent from 858–860. He was the King of Wessex from 860-865.

paragraphs: He was the third son of Ethelwulf of Wessex and Osburga. She was the daughter of Oslac, Athelwulf's butler. He got his first taste of kingship in 855 when he was left in charge of Kent while his father, King Athelwulf of Wessex, was in Rome. His brother Athelbald was left in charge of the West Saxon kingdom. When their father returned from Rome, Athelbald would not give up the throne. To avoid a civil war, their father Athelwulf took the subkingdom of Kent and Athelbald ruled as king of Wessex. When Athelwulf died in 858, Athelbert was once again appointed king of Kent.

paragraphs: When his brother Athelbald died in 860, Athelbert succeeded him as king of Wessex. Athelbert still had two younger brothers, Athelred and Alfred. But neither were appointed to fill the role of sub-king of Kent. Athelbert consolidated the kingdom of Kent into the kingdom of Wessex. During his reign Viking attacks grew more frequent. One Viking army advanced into Wessex as far as Winchester before being defeated. But the year 865 saw the arrival of the Great Heathen Army in East Anglia. This was a much larger army and would remain in England. For a time they were more interested in Northumbria. They gained control of York and moved south into Mercia then made their winter camp in Nottingham. Meanwhile, King Athelbert died in early 866. Since he died childless, he was succeeded by his brother Athelred.


title: Olympus Mons

paragraphs: Olympus Mons is a shield volcano on Mars. It is the tallest volcano, and mountain, in the solar system.

paragraphs: Olympus Mons is high. This is three times taller than the highest mountain on Earth, Mount Everest.


title: Port Authority Police

paragraphs: The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey Police Department, or Port Authority Police Department (PAPD), is a police department in New York and New Jersey. It protects all the property owned by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, and it enforces state and city laws. The PAPD is one of the largest police departments in the United States, with over 2000 members. The PAPD is owned by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, a two-state agency that runs the bridges, tunnels, airports, and seaports along the New York - New Jersey border.

paragraphs: The Port Authority's World Trade Center was the target of a terrorist attack on February 26, 1993, and of the more successful September 11 attacks in 2001.

paragraphs: The area had over 50,000 employees and 70,000 visitors per day; the work of emergency personnel including the Port Authority Police, the New York City Police Department, the New York City Fire Department, New York City EMS, New York State Court Officers, Federal Agents and many others helped to lower the deaths from the attack. The Port Authority Police had the biggest loss of police personnel at a single time in American history: 37 police officers along with one police dog were killed on September 11th.


title: Panda Express

paragraphs: Panda Express is a quick-service Chinese restaurant chain in the United States.

paragraphs: They serve American-style Chinese food. Most of their restaurants are in shopping malls and supermarkets.


title: Color of the day

paragraphs: Thai astrology has a color of the day for each day of the week. The color is based on the color of the God who protects the day or Navagraha. For example, the God of Sunday is Surya which has as the red color. These colors of the day are the traditional Thai birthday colors. For example, King Bhumibol Adulyadej was born on Monday, so on his birthday places in Thailand will be decorated with the color yellow.


title: Labial consonant

paragraphs: Labials or labial consonants are consonants made with the lips. These sounds are made in two ways. Bilabial sounds use both lips (for example [p] as in "pack"). Labiodental sounds use the lower lip and teeth (for example [f] in "food").


title: Coronal consonant

paragraphs: Coronal consonants are made with the front part of the tongue. There are many types of coronal consonants, for example dental consonants and alveolar consonants.


title: Radical consonant

paragraphs: Radical consonants are consonants that are sounded out with the root of the tongue (the back part).


title: Bilabial consonant

paragraphs: Bilabials or Bilabial consonants are a type of sound in the group of labial consonants that are made with both lips (bilabial) and by partially stopping the air coming from the mouth when the sound is pronounced (consonant).

paragraphs: There are eight bilabial consonants used in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA).


title: Labiodental consonant

paragraphs: Labiodental consonants are labial consonants made with the bottom lip and the top teeth, like the English letters "f" as in "file" and "v" as in "vile".


title: Dental consonant

paragraphs: Dentals or Dental consonants are coronal consonants, meaning they are made by touching the front of the tongue to the upper teeth. For example, "th" in the English word "thing" is a dental consonant written [θ].


title: Saxifragales

paragraphs: The Saxifragales are a taxonomic order of flowering plants, various dicotyledons. Includes the following families:


title: Drug Enforcement Administration

paragraphs: The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) is a law enforcement agency that works for the United States Department of Justice that enforces the United States drug laws. The DEA is the agency with most responsible for drug enforcement in the U.S. and also shares its responsibilities with the Federal Bureau of Investigation. It also has complete responsibility (duty to do something) for U.S. drug enforcement investigations in other countries.

paragraphs: The Drug Enforcement Administration was created on 1 July 1973, by Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1973, signed by President Richard Nixon on 28 March 1973. It suggested a single federal agency to enforce the federal drug laws as well as to join together and to organize the government's drug control efforts.

paragraphs: In 1999, the DEA opened the Drug Enforcement Administration Museum in Arlington, Virginia. In February 2003, the DEA started a Digital Evidence Laboratory in its Office of Forensic Sciences.

paragraphs: The DEA is run by an Administrator of Drug Enforcement who is given the job by the President of the United States and confirmed by the U.S. Senate. The Administrator's direct boss is the Attorney General through the Deputy Attorney General. It has its own training centre called the DEA Academy on the United States Marine Corps base at Quantico, Virginia with the FBI Academy. It has 21 domestic divisions inside the U.S. with 227 field offices and 86 foreign offices in 62 countries. With a budget of over 2.415 billion U.S. dollars, the DEA employs over 10,800 people, including over 5,500 Special agents.

paragraphs: The DEA has a system in place which allows doctors and other people, such as dentists, physician assistants, and nurse practitioners, to prescribe medicines, researchers and manufacturers access to "Schedule I" drugs, as well as Schedules 2, 3, 4 and 5.


title: Ticket of leave

paragraphs: A ticket of leave was an important document given to convicts who had been sent to Australia. Convicts who were well-behaved were given a ticket of leave. This gave them some rights, and they did not have to stay in gaol. With a ticket of leave, a convict was able to look for work in a particular area but could not leave the area without permission from a court. Every change of employer or district was written on the ticket.

paragraphs: Governor Philip Gidley King started the tickets of leave in 1801. It gave prisoners a reason to behave themselves. Also, it helped to provide cheap workers for farmers who were settling in Australia. The government saved money as it did not have to feed and clothe the prisoners.

paragraphs: Those with a ticket of leave were able to marry or to bring their families from Britain. They could buy land but not carry guns or get onto a ship. They were often made to pay back the cost of their travel in the prison ship to Australia. The ticket of leave had to be renewed every year, and those with one had to attend (where it could be checked they were still living in the area), and church services. Prisoners could lose their ticket and be sent back to prison if they were lazy, if they tried to get paid too much, or if they were rude to the police or soldiers. Sometimes, prisoners who helped the government, by capturing escaped convicts for example, might be given a ticket of leave as a reward.

paragraphs: A convict who kept to the conditions of his ticket of leave was given a conditional pardon after half of the time he was supposed to be in gaol. Then, they were no longer a convict and could do everything except leave the colony. Convicts who did not keep to the conditions of their ticket could be arrested without warning, go to court without being able to appeal, and lose all their property.

paragraphs: The ticket itself was a highly detailed document. It listed the convicts' number, the name, the ship in which sent to Australia, the year that they arrived, the captain of the ship, where they came from, their job, the crimes,the place and date of trial, the sentence, the birth date, what they looked like, the area the prisoner was allowed to live in, the court that gave out the ticket, the date the ticket was given, any other conditions of the ticket, and any changes of where they lived. A lot of this information has been kept, which makes them a very important source of information for people looking at family history.


title: Docklands Stadium

paragraphs: Docklands Stadium, known for sponsorship reasons as Etihad Stadium, is a large sport and entertainment complex built in the Docklands area of Melbourne, Victoria. Since March 1, 2009, is has been named after Etihad Airways of Abu Dhabi, one of two national airlines of the United Arab Emirates. Besides its generic name of Docklands Stadium, it has been known under past naming rights deals as Colonial Stadium and the Telstra Dome. The stadium opened on March 9, 2000 after two years of building and a cost of AU$450 million.

paragraphs: The stadium has a capacity of over 56,000, with over 53,000 seated. It is used mainly for Australian rules football, and houses the headquarters of the sport's main competition, the Australian Football League. It is also used for cricket and major concerts. The stadium also has a large opening roof that allows games to be played in any weather, and also has car parking underneath. It is joined to Southern Cross Railway Station by a footbridge. Its playing surface has an area of 19,000 m2. The roof, the largest opening roof in the Southern Hemisphere, takes about 8 minutes to open or close.

paragraphs: The stadium is home to several Australian Football League clubs, including Carlton, North Melbourne, Essendon, St Kilda, and the Western Bulldogs. It was used for several matches in the 2003 Rugby World Cup.

paragraphs: The stadium is also used for music concerts, and performers have included Andre Rieu, Bruce Springsteen, Green Day, Barbara Streisand, Bon Jovi and Ricky Martin.


paragraphs: U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) is the largest and primary law enforcement agency of the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS). Its duty is to protect the nation's border. Its main office is located in Washington, D.C..

paragraphs: ICE is run by an assistant secretary, who is given the job by the President of the United States, confirmed by the Senate, and reports directly to the Secretary of Homeland Security.


title: John Joe O'Reilly

paragraphs: John Joe O'Reilly was born at the Derries, Killeshandra, County Cavan. After early successes with St Patrick’s College and his club, Cornafean, he captained the Cavan team, which won All-Ireland Senior Football Championships in 1947 (at the New York Polo Grounds) and 1948, having also played on three losing sides in the final. He won 11 Ulster senior football medals, as Cavan took the title each year from 1937 until 1949, except two. He won a National Football League medal and four Railway Cup medals, in 1942 and 1943 (when he was the first ever Cavan captain), 1947 and as captain again in 1950. John Joe O'Reilly was one of only seven men to have had the honour of being presented with the Sam Maguire twice as captain. O'Reilly's father also played in goal for Cavan and his brother, Tom O’Reilly, played on the 1947 All-Ireland winning team and also won Railway Cup medals for Ulster in 1943 and 1944.

paragraphs: A Commandant in the army, John Joe O'Reilly died unexpectedly at the Curragh Military Hospital on November 22, 1952. He was named at centre half-back on the Gaelic Athletic Association's "Team of the Millennium" in 1999.


title: The E.N.D.

paragraphs: The E.N.D (an abbreviation of "The Energy Never Dies") is the fifth studio album by American hip hop group The Black Eyed Peas. It was released on June 3, 2009. The album's music was different to the groups previous sound as it was a bit more "futuristic" sounding and was heavily rooted in dance music.


title: NYPD Blue

paragraphs: NYPD Blue is an American television police drama set in New York City, inside the fictional 15th precinct of Manhattan. Each episode usually shows a single day and has more than one story.

paragraphs: The show was made by Steven Bochco and David Milch. Its episodes were shown on the ABC network from its beginning on September 21, 1993 to March 1, 2005.


Wong Tai Sin Temple


title: Jamaica, Queens

paragraphs: Jamaica is a neighborhood in the borough of Queens in New York City, New York, United States. It is the location of the county seat of Queens. Also located there is Jamaica Station. With over 200,000 daily passengers, the station is a rail hub for New York City Subway, the Long Island Rail Road, and the Airtrain to JFK airport.


title: Anal fissure

paragraphs: An anal fissure, or fissura ani, is a fissure (a small tear) in the anal canal. Patients typically complain of sharp anal pain during and after defecation, lasting minuters or hours. This small wound can sometimes bleed a little bit during or after defecation.

paragraphs: It's not completely clear what causes an anal fissure. It is possibly caused by constipation, too much strain on the anal sphincter (the circular muscle of the anus), reduced blood circulation, the skin is not made dry enough after taking a shower or swimming, the skin has been stretched too much, pregnancy, giving birth, and not changing a baby's diaper in time.

paragraphs: After the anal fissure closes, it takes 6 weeks to 3 months before the wound is healed completely. In this period the fissure easily opens again. Therefore, the wound can return repeatedly.

paragraphs: A doctor can prescribe several products to treat the anal fissure. For example, a pain relieving ointment or suppository (an anal medication); a laxative (that makes it easier to go to the toilet); zinc-ointment (this will protect the skin and contract it, so it will heal faster). Further more a doctor can give advice about taking care of the wound and improve digestion and defecation.

paragraphs: Most fissure are acute, lasting about 4-6 weeks. The anal fissure becomes chronic and will not go away if it lasts for more than 6 weeks. In such cases medical surgery can be a solution. The circular muscle of the anus is usually cut or stretched. Also an injection with botox in the muscle can have a positive result.

paragraphs: The anal fissure can burst open very easily up to 3 months after healing, for example during defecation. The patient can do several things to reduce the chance that the fissure will return. The advice includes the following tips.

paragraphs: As long as the fissure is open (a painful, small tear next to the anus which can bleed a little) the patient can put an ointment with zinc oxide (protects and contracts) and pramocaïne (relieves pain and itching) on and around the fissure (in Europe available without prescription as "Nestosyl"). Use toilet your finger with a glove to spread out the ointment and wash hands afterward with soap. This treatment has to be continued for several weeks to reduce the chance that the fissure will open again.

paragraphs: Besides it is very important to have a good digestion and defecation. The longer the faeces is in the intestine, the more liquid will be withdrawal. Because of this, the faeces will become harder and get more volume, and that gives more chance that the skin around the anus will crack again. Patients are advized to eat fibres every day (for example: unpolished rice, muesli, whole grain bread, dried apricots, figs, dates, prunes, saltless nuts, beans, peas, etc.); to eat the recommended amount of vegetables and fruit every day; to use a little bit of butter or oil every day; to drink enough during the day; and to exercise every day. The patient needs to avoid food that can cause constipation (possible: white bread, white pasta/pizza/noodles, eggs, cheese, sugar, coffee, chocolate, etc.). If necessary, one can take enzymes as food supplement with every meal that includes bread.

paragraphs: Patients should not postpone going to the toilet. While waiting, the faeces will push on the circular muscle of the anus, which causes a pressure. Besides the faeces can become harder and get more volume after a while. When the patient feels the urge to go to the toilet, the best thing is to go immediately. While sitting on the toilet, the patient has to press as little as possible, but instead relax the circular muscle.

paragraphs: As long as the wound is not healed, taking a daily bath with soda (sodium carbonate) can give relief. Further more that will keep the wound clean. Sit in a tub filled with a few inches of warm water for 20 minutes, 2 or 3 times a day. This is called a sitz bath. It relaxes the tissue and helps relax the anal muscle.

paragraphs: It's very important that the skin around the anus is completely dry before the patients gets dressed. The slightest moisture in the folding of the skin can be the reason that the skin will get damaged easily.

paragraphs: Some patients benefit by putting simple oil around the anus. For example, olive oil or sunflower oil. The skin softens and will not tear or crack as easily. Always remind hygiene.

paragraphs: If the tips that are mentioned above do not help enough and the fissure continues to crack open, the cause could be the use of toilet paper after defecation. The paper rubs too strong over the skin and causes the wound to open again. One can try to use another brand of softer toilet paper, baby wipes, or instead use warm water to clean himself after bowel movement.

paragraphs: While following all mentioned tips and advice, do not forget the good principles of hygiene.

paragraphs: These recommendations only make sense if the patient is sure that the problem is an anal fissure. If there is any doubt, especially when there is blood in the stool, please consult a doctor


title: Academic grading in Philippines

paragraphs: The Philippines has varied university grading systems. Most colleges, universities, particularly public institutions, follow the grade point system scale of 5.00 - 1.00, in which 1.00 is the highest grade and 5.00 is the lowest possible grade.

paragraphs: Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila also employ a specific grading category for retention. This system uses the General Weighted Average (GWA) per semester as a basis whether or not a particular student shall be retained at the course or college he or she is enrolled to. Some colleges have higher GWA requirement for retention, but most of them demands a GWA of at least 2.50 per semester. A few graduate schools, on the other hand, employ the "Pass" or "Fail" system.

paragraphs: Datamex Institute of College in Information Technology

paragraphs: Notable exceptions include De La Salle University & FEU-East Asia College, which follow the 1.000 - 4.000 grading system, which patterns those of American universities. This system uses the 4.0 grade point equivalence as the highest grade, while 0.0 grade point equivalence is considered the lowest possible grade. 0.0 grade point equivalence is considered a failing mark.

paragraphs: ABE International Business College "Manila 'Main' Campus"

paragraphs: The Grading System let's you see the "Grade Range". This is essential for High School Graduates to know in which Grade Range they are in.

paragraphs: Other universities, such as the Ateneo de Manila University and its sister schools, use the letter grade system with varied grade equivalence range.

paragraphs: More importantly, Philippine universities do not have standard grade equivalence. Different universities have varied equivalence range, while passing grades are subject to imposed academic quality of an institution.


title: De La Salle University

paragraphs: De La Salle University is a private Roman Catholic university in Manila, Philippines.


title: General Weighted Average

paragraphs: The General Weighted Average (GWA) is the average of grades in all subjects taken, whether passed or failed. It is the result of combining the performance rating based on the screening criteria or subject. It serves as the indicator of a student's academic performance in a given semester or school year.


title: Fire and Ice (Warriors)

paragraphs: Fire and Ice is the second book in the "Warriors" novel series. It was written by Victoria Holmes, Kate Cary, and Cherith Baldry under the pen name Erin Hunter. The book was published by HarperCollins Publishers in 2003.


title: Dean (education)

paragraphs: In academic administration, a dean is a person with important authority over a specific academic unit, or over a specific area of concern, or both.

paragraphs: The term comes from the Latin "decanus", a leader of "ten," taken from the medieval monasteries (particularly those following the Cluniac Reforms) which were often extremely large, with hundreds of monks (the size of a small college campus). The monks were organized into groups of ten for administrative purposes, along the lines of military platoons, headed by a senior monk, the decanus.

paragraphs: The term was later used to describe the head of a community of priests, as the chapter of a cathedral, or a section of a diocese (a "deanery").

paragraphs: When the universities grew out of the cathedral and monastery schools, the title of dean was used for officials with various administrative duties.


paragraphs: The Australian Customs and Border Protection Service is the Australian Federal Government agency with the duty of protecting the Australian border, helping with the movement of legal international travellers and goods, and collecting border related duties and taxes.

paragraphs: The Service has nearly 6,000 people working for it in Australia and other countries and is based in Canberra, Australia.

paragraphs: Protecting Australia by stopping illegal and possibly harmful goods, such as drugs and weapons, is a main concern and many methods and equipment are used to help with this task. This includes using intelligence, and computers, detector dogs, Smartgate, x-rays, Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) and other methods.

paragraphs: In doing its job, Customs works with other government agencies such as the Australian Federal Police, the Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service, the Department of Immigration and Citizenship, the Department of Defence and the Australian Fisheries Management Authority.

paragraphs: Australia’s borders extend into the 200 nautical mile Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ).

paragraphs: The Australian TV series shows the work of the Australian Customs Service at airports, sea borders and inside Australia.


title: Landing zone

paragraphs: A landing zone is a "safe" area in which a helicopter or other type of vertical take-off device would land. They are mostly used in war.


title: Canada Border Services Agency

paragraphs: The Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) () is the Canadian government agency with a duty to act as border guards and customs services.

paragraphs: The agency was started on December 12, 2003 (the same day Paul Martin became Prime Minister of Canada), by an order-in-council joining Canada Customs with border and law enforcement agents from the Department of Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC) and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA).


title: Serial communication

paragraphs: Serial communication is a term used to describe systems used for telecommunications, as well as certain technologies used for computing. When using serial communication, only one bit is transferred at a time, for example over a communication channel or computer bus. This is different to parallel communication, where several bits are sent at the same time. Many computer networks, as well as many lines where data is transferred over a long distance use serial communication.


title: Abel Pardo

paragraphs: Abel Pardo (born in 1974 in León, province of León, Spain), also known as Auslli, is a Neo-Nazi politician and a Leonese language writer.

paragraphs: Laureated in Italian Language and Culture by ICON and Advanced Studies Diplomat in Romance Languages by the Open University of Catalonia, Abel Pardo wrote in ' (1996), ' (2006) and "El Dialecto Leonés" (2006), when he collaborated with tales about modern and ancient themes, and was the prologuer in the 2003 edition of "Brañas d'antanu ya xente d'anguanu".

paragraphs: As an Italian language and culture for foreigners doctor, Abel Pardo is the author of the first works about contractive language between Leonese language and Italian, being the author of ""Linguistica Constrativa Italiano-Leonese"" (Contractive Linguistic Italian-Leonese) presented and approved in the University of Pavia Italy as a Laurea Tesis.

paragraphs: Abel Pardo also develops a certain activity as a translator into Leonese language. He translated the leaflet "Campus Stellae" (1999). He collaborated with ""La Nuesa Tierra"" newspaper with more than 200 articles in Leonese language, and with Logos Group (Italia) where he's official Leonese language translator. As city councilor of León, he promoted Leonese language bilingualism, starting Leonese language courses in the city of León for the first time and created with the University of León the title "Monitor de Llingua Llïonesa" for teaching Leonese language in official courses.

paragraphs: He also has written scientific works about Leonese language and New Technologues as ""Nuevas Teunoloxías y Llingua Llïonesa"" (New Technologies and Leonese language), the first pre-doctorate work presented and approved in Leonese language in one university, presented in the Open University of Catalonia or "El Llïonés y las TICs" in the scientific magazine "Mikroglottika".


title: Perforation

paragraphs: Perforation means lines of punching holes made in any material. It is used in making paper objects like stamps or tickets, and along the edges of movies.

paragraphs: In philately, there are three types of the cutting of postage stamps for stamp separation, including:


title: Imaginationland

paragraphs: "Imaginationland" is a three-episode movie made of Comedy Central's animated TV series, "South Park". It was released in March 2008.


title: Repentigny, Quebec

paragraphs: Repentigny is a suburb of Montreal, which is in Quebec, Canada. It was created at about the same year as Quebec City. Before, people who lived there were farmers. Now, there are a lot of people who live there. Most of the people work in Montreal so they have to use Highway 40, which cuts the town in half.

paragraphs: The town is on the north side of the St. Lawrence River

paragraphs: Although it is a very pleasant and calm town, there is nothing much to do. All year long, a bunch of festivals are organised, but they are mostly for children. The most popular festival is the Festival Feu Et Glace which happens during the winter.

paragraphs: Since the early 2000s, the only thing that changed in the town is that they built a lot of new houses.


title: Mount Pleasant, Green County, Wisconsin

paragraphs: Mount Pleasant is a town of Green County in the state of Wisconsin, United States. About 550 people were living in Mount Pleasant as of 2000.