title: Entscheidungsproblem

paragraphs: The Entscheidungsproblem (German, "decision problem") is a famous problem of mathematics. David Hilbert formulated the problem in 1928: Is there an algorithm that will take a formal language, and a logical statement in that language, and that will output "True" or "False", depending on the truth value of the statement? The algorithm does not tell how it reaches the answer, nor prove it, as long as the answer is always correct.

paragraphs: In 1936 and 1937, Alonzo Church and Alan Turing showed independently, that there can be no answer to the Entscheidungsproblem. They showed that it is impossible for an algorithm to decide whether statements in arithmetic are true or false. For this reason, there can be no solution for the Entscheidungsproblem . This was proven by Alan Turings "Turing Machine" which was created in the 1930s.


title: Bessie Coleman

paragraphs: Elizabeth "Bessie" Coleman (January 26, 1892 – April 30, 1926) was the first female African American pilot ever to hold an international pilot license. She fought discrimination to follow her dream of becoming a pilot. She became a skilled barnstormer and aviation educator.

paragraphs: Coleman was born in Texas in 1892. Her mother was African American and her father was Native American. She had two brothers and a young sister. Her parents were sharecroppers. When Coleman was two, her family moved to Waxahachie, Texas where Bessie went to school. She loved reading and was very good at math. Her father hoped to get a job.

paragraphs: Coleman’s father was disturbed by the racial barriers in Texas. He believed that the family would be treated better if they moved to Indian Territory in Oklahoma.

paragraphs: Unable to convince his wife to accompany him, Coleman’s father left the family when she was nine. Around that time, her older brothers grew up and moved away. Coleman’s mother worked as a maid. Coleman helped take care of her younger sisters.

paragraphs: During the cotton harvest, everyone in the family worked in the fields to earn extra money. It was hot, boring work, and during the harvest, African American children could not go to school. Still, Coleman managed to finish all eight grades in the local school. Coleman decided that she wanted to go to college, so she saved her money. In about four years, she had enough money to begin college. A year later, she ran out of money.

paragraphs: At the age of 23, Coleman boarded a train and made the trip to Chicago. She moved in with her brothers and their wives. Coleman took class to learn to become a manicurist, and soon found a job at the White Sox Barber Shop on Chicago's Southside. But Coleman wanted to do something more with her life.

paragraphs: Her friend Robert Abbott told her that she could travel to France to fly. She studied the French language after work at night. She got a new job managing a restaurant and saved her money. Robert Abbot and her friends helped her pay for the trip. In 1920, Coleman went to France on a ship. She learned to be a pilot at the Caudron Brothers' School of Aviation. In 1921, Coleman became the first female African American pilot ever to hold an international pilot license. She earned it from the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale.

paragraphs: Coleman went back to the United States to work as a barnstormer, performing tricks and stunts in her airplane. Barnstormers like Coleman flew planes in loops and figure eights and other patterns while audiences watched. Coleman performed in the United States and Europe. In the 1920s, much of the United States still practiced racial segregation. Coleman refused to perform at places that did not let African Americans watch equally. For one show in Texas, Coleman refused to perform unless the showrunners let everyone in the audience enter through the same gate instead of making one gate for white people and one for black people. She also taught flying lessons and encouraged women to learn to be pilots.

paragraphs: Coleman wanted to open an aviation school in the United States where black students could learn to be pilots.

paragraphs: In April 1926, Coleman and her mechanic, William Will, were practicing for a performance the next day. Will was piloting the plane, when it flipped over and started to dive. Coleman fell out of the plane and was killed. She is buried in Chicago's Lincoln Cemetery.

paragraphs: Coleman is in the Aviation Hall of Fame.

paragraphs: In 1929, William Powell started the Bessie Coleman Aero Club in her honor. The Club promoted aviation among black Americans, and it allowed men and women to join.

paragraphs: In 1995, the U.S. Post Office issued a stamp in her honor. A Chicago street was named after her.


title: Willie Dixon

paragraphs: William James "Willie" Dixon (July 1, 1915 – January 29, 1992) was an American blues musician, singer, songwriter and bass player. He was one of the founders of Chicago blues. He wrote a lot of songs which are still standards of Chicago blues. (i.e. "Little Red Rooster", "Hoochie Coochie Man", "Evil", "Spoonful", "Back Door Man", "I Just Want to Make Love to You", "I Ain't Superstitious", "My Babe", "Wang Dang Doodle", and "Bring It On Home") The songs are from the 1950s when Dixon worked as producer for Chess Records. He also played upright bass on many of the label's records.

paragraphs: Dixon was born in Vicksburg, Mississippi on July 1, 1915. He learned the blues during his time on prison farms in Mississippi as an early-teenager. Dixon sang bass for The Jubilee Singers, a local gospel group that was often in the program of the local radio station WQBC. He began to change poems he wrote into songs which he sold to local groups.

paragraphs: 1936 he went to Chicago like many others from the Mississippi delta. There he begun boxing and won the Illinois State Golden Gloves Heavyweight Championship (Novice Division) in 1937. During his boxing time he met Leonard "Baby Doo" Caston, who convinced him to a musical career. Before the Second World War Dixon sang in different vocal groups. After the war he reunited with Caston and formed the "Big Three Trio".

paragraphs: Dixon signed with Chess Records as a recording artist but soon was involved in the record business. By 1951 he was producer, talent scout, session musician and staff songwriter. He worked with Chuck Berry, Muddy Waters, Howlin' Wolf, Otis Rush, Bo Diddley, Joe Louis Walker, Little Walter, Sonny Boy Williamson, Koko Taylor, Little Milton, Eddie Boyd, Jimmy Witherspoon, Lowell Fulson, Willie Mabon, Memphis Slim, Washboard Sam, Jimmy Rogers, and others. By his work with Chuck Berry he was a link between blues and early rock and roll.

paragraphs: From the late 1960s until the middle 1970s, Dixon ran his own record label, Yambo Records. He formed different all star bands which often went on tours in Europe. He also became an advocate for the blues. He founded the Blues Heaven Foundation. The Foundation preserves the blues legacy and secures copyrights and royalties for blues musicians who were often exploited in the past.

paragraphs: In the 1970s and 1980s his health became weaker and weaker because of his diabetes. Dixon died of heart failure in Burbank, California on January 29, 1992.


title: Legion of Honour

paragraphs: The Legion of Honour () is the highest French award.

paragraphs: It was established by Napoleon Bonaparte on 19 May 1802.

paragraphs: The Order is the highest decoration in France and is divided into five degrees: Chevalier (Knight), Officier (Officer), Commandeur (Commander), Grand Officier (Grand Officer) and Grand Croix (Grand Cross).

paragraphs: The order's motto is "" ('Honour and Country'), and its seat is the "Palais de la Légion d'Honneur" on the left bank of the River Seine in Paris.


title: Imperial College London

paragraphs: Imperial College London (IC) is a large university in central London. It specialises in business, engineering, medicine and science.

paragraphs: Imperial College was a constituent college of the University of London. It became fully independent in 2007, the 100th anniversary of its founding.

paragraphs: Imperial is among the best universities. It ranks 2nd in the 2015 QS World University Rankings and 9th in the 2015 Times Higher Education World University Rankings. Imperial ranked 22 in the 2014 Shanghai world rankings.

paragraphs: Imperial's faculty and alumni include 15 Nobel laureates, 2 Fields Medalists, 70 Fellows of the Royal Society, 82 Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering and 78 Fellows of the Academy of Medical Sciences.

paragraphs: Imperial's main campus is in the South Kensington area of Central London. It is on the boundary between the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea and the City of Westminster. Its main entrance is on Exhibition Road.

paragraphs: IC has a number of other campuses in Central London. With 525,233 square metres, it has the largest working estate of any higher education institution in the UK.

paragraphs: Imperial has around 14,700 full-time students and 3,330 academic and research staff. It had a total income of £694 million in 2009/10, of which £297 million was from research grants and contracts.

paragraphs: Imperial is ranked 26th in the world (and 5th in Europe) in the 2010 Academic Ranking of World Universities, 7th in the world (and 4th in Europe) in the 2010 QS World University Rankings, and 9th in the world (and 3rd in Europe) in the 2010 Times Higher Education World University Rankings.

paragraphs: There are currently 14 Nobel Prize winners and two Fields Medal winners amongst Imperial's alumni and current and former faculty.

paragraphs: Imperial is a member of the G5, the League of European Research Universities, Oak Ridge Associated Universities and the Russell Group. It forms part of the 'Golden Triangle' of British universities.

paragraphs: Imperial was formed indirectly by Prince Albert. Under his guidance, the Crown bought land in South Kensington to establish educational and cultural institutions. The area was referred to as "Albertopolis" by sceptics. The area included the Natural History Museum, the Victoria and Albert Museum, the Science Museum, the Royal Albert Hall and the Imperial Institute. The Imperial Institute was opened by Queen Victoria, who laid the first brick.


title: University of London

paragraphs: The University of London is a federal university made up of 31 affiliates: 19 separate university institutions, and 12 research institutes.

paragraphs: Its headquarters, Senate House, is in Malet Street in the Bloomsbury area of Camden. This is near University College London and the British Museum.

paragraphs: The University of London is the largest university in the UK by number of full-time students, with 135,090 campus-based students and over 45,000 in the University of London International Programmes.

paragraphs: The constituent colleges are responsible for the teaching, the research or the individual students and staff of the constituent colleges; the university is not. The university is an administrative body responsible for standards, degree examinations and certification.

paragraphs: The university was first established by a Royal Charter in 1836, which brought together in federation "London University" (now University College London) and "King's College" (now King's College London).

paragraphs: Graduates of the University of London may use the post-nominal letters 'Lond.' or 'Londin.' (both from "Londiniensis") after their degree abbreviations.

paragraphs: The university's biggest colleges are Birkbeck, Goldsmiths, King's College London, the London Business School, Queen Mary, Royal Holloway, SOAS, LSE and UCL.

paragraphs: Founded in 1836, the University at first comprised just two colleges. They were University College London (founded in 1826), which did not apply religious tests to its students, and King's College (founded in 1829), which admitted only members of the Church of England. Therefore, both University College and King's pre-date the University of London, which initially served solely as an examining body for the constituent colleges.

paragraphs: In 1858 the University expanded its role by offering the University of London International Programmes to candidates outside the colleges, the first of its kind in the country. A new headquarters at 6 Burlington Gardens, providing the university with exam halls and offices, was built to accommodate the new role.

paragraphs: In 1878 the University became the first university in the UK to admit women on equal terms with men. Four female students obtained Bachelor of Arts degrees in 1880 and two obtained Bachelor of Science degrees in 1881, again the first in the country.


title: Friedrich III of Germany

paragraphs: Friedrich Wilhelm Nikolaus Karl von Hohenzollern (New Palace, Potsdam 18 October 1831 - New Palace, Potsdam 15 June 1888) was the only son of Wilhelm I.

paragraphs: After his father's death on 9 March 1888 Friedrich Wilhelm became King of Prussia and German Emperor as Friedrich III, but he was already suffering from throat cancer and died after just 99 days on the throne.

paragraphs: On 25 January 1858 he married Princess Victoria of the United Kingdom, eldest child of Queen Victoria and Albert the Prince Consort. They had seven children. The oldest, Friedrich Wilhelm, followed him as King and Emperor.

paragraphs: Friedrich Wilhelm III died of throat cancer in Potsdam. He is buried next to his wife in the Mausoleum of the Friedenskirche in Sanssouci Park, Potsdam.


title: King's College London

paragraphs: King's College London (King's or KCL) is a large university in London, and a college of the federal University of London.

paragraphs: University College London (1826) was founded before it. However, King's (1829) was the third oldest university in England to get its royal charter.

paragraphs: In 1836 King's became, with University College, one of the two founding colleges of the University of London.

paragraphs: King's is arranged into nine Schools of Study, spread across four Thames-side campuses in central London and one in Denmark Hill, South London.

paragraphs: King's is one of the largest centres for graduate and post-graduate medical teaching and biomedical research in Europe. It is home to six Medical Research Council centres, the most of any British university.

paragraphs: King's has around 18,600 full-time students and 5,030 staff and had a total income of £508 million in 2009/10, of which £144 million was from research grants and contracts.

paragraphs: There are 12 Nobel Prize winners amongst King's alumni and former faculty. King's is ranked 5th nationally and 19th in the world in the 2015 "QS World University Rankings," 7th nationally and 27th in the world in the 2015 "The Times Higher Education World University Rankings "and 7th nationally and 55th in the world in the 2015" "Academic Ranking of World Universities. In September 2010, "The Sunday Times" selected King's as its "University of the Year".

paragraphs: King's is a member of the European University Association and the Russell Group. It forms part of the 'Golden Triangle' of British universities.


title: Ganggangsullae

paragraphs: Ganggangsullae (Hangul: 강강술래) is a 5,000-year-old traditional Korean dance. It was first used to bring a good harvest and has become a cultural symbol for Korea. The females in Jeollanam-do usually dance this the most. Chuseok, the Korean style holiday a bit like the American Thanksgiving, is often known as the special day for this dance.

paragraphs: The dance is thought to have come from about 5,000 years ago when the Koreans believed that the Sun, Moon, and Earth controlled the world. The people (almost always girls in hanboks) would dance under the brightest full moon of the year in order to bring a good harvest.

paragraphs: In the 16th century, when the Japanese were attacking Korea, Korea's Admiral Yi Sun-sin ordered women to do this dance. He told them to do this because he wanted to trick the Japanese into overestimating them. The women were said to have worn military uniforms and danced on Mount Okmae (옥매산).

paragraphs: On February 15, 1966, ganggangsullae was included in the list of the "Important Cultural Properties of Korea" #8.

paragraphs: Traditionally, this dance performed without any instruments. Young and old women dance in a circle at night under the moonlight. They go outside in hanbok, traditional Korean clothing, hold hands, make a circle, and start rotating clockwise. The lead singer sings a line. Then, the rest of the people all sing, 'ganggangsullae'. Then the lead singer sings another line, and the rest of the people reply, 'ganggangsullae'. This is probably where the name of the song came from. As the dance continues, the tempo of the song can get faster. They sing about their personal hardships, relationships, and wants. During the dance, the women also play some games. The ganggangsullae can last until dawn.


title: Easter Bilby

paragraphs: The Easter Bilby is an Australian alternative to the Easter Bunny. Bilbies are an endangered species of Australian marsupials. Bilby shaped chocolates are sold in many Australian shops to raise money to help protect the bilbies.

paragraphs: Author Rose-Marie Dusting wrote a book in 1979 called "Billy, the Aussie Easter Bilby". Some of the money from each book sold goes to helping the bilbies.

paragraphs: The Foundation for Rabbit-Free Australia began to use the Easter Bilby concept in 1991. They wanted to show the damage that rabbits do to the Australian environment. The ideas was taken up by an Easter egg company, Darrell Lea. They give a portion of their profits to the foundation.

paragraphs: Australian children's book author and illustrator Irena Sibley produced three Easter Bilby books between 1994 and 2000 including the best selling "The Bilbies' First Easter".


title: John Richard Hicks

paragraphs: Sir John Richard Hicks (8 April 1904 – 20 May 1989) was a British economist. He contributed to the fields of consumer demand theory in microeconomics. In 1937, he developed the IS/LM model which summarizes a Keynesian view of macroeconomics. His book "Value and Capital" (1939) significantly extended general-equilibrium and value theory. The compensated demand function is named the Hicksian demand function in memory of him.

paragraphs: In 1972 he received the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences (jointly) for his pioneering contribution to general equilibrium theory and welfare theory.

paragraphs: Hicks died on 20 May 1989 at his home in the Cotswold village of Blockley at the age of 85.


title: Elizabeth Cotten

paragraphs: Elizabeth "Libba" Cotten (January 5, 1895 – June 29, 1987) was an American blues and folk musician, singer, and songwriter.

paragraphs: She was born as Elizabeth Nevills in Carrboro, North Carolina. She was the youngest of five children of a musical family. At the age of seven she started playing her older brothers banjo. In her early teens she bought her own guitar and started writing own songs. At the age of eleven she wrote a song called "Freight train", which was later her signature song. At the age of 15 she worked as maid along with her mother. Soon after her 15th birthday she married Frank Cotten. They had a daughter named Lillie and Libba gave up music for church and child. They went around in the USA but finally settled in the D.C. area.

paragraphs: After 25 years she became maid in the house of the composer Ruth Crawford Seeger and Charles Seeger. In this musical family she remembered her own guitar playing. Mike Seeger recorded her and the songs were later published as "Folksongs and Instrumentals with Guitar", which was released on Folkways Records. In the early 1960s during the folk revival she played shows with great names like Mississippi John Hurt, John Lee Hooker, and Muddy Waters at venues such as the Newport Folk Festival and the Smithsonian Festival of American Folklife.

paragraphs: She went on touring and recording well into her 80s. In 1984 she won the Grammy Award for "Best Ethnic or Traditional Recording" for her album on Arhoolie Records, "Elizabeth Cotten Live". Her songs were covered by Peter, Paul, and Mary, Jerry Garcia, Bob Dylan, Devendra Banhart, Laura Gibson, Laura Veirs, His Name Is Alive and Taj Mahal.


title: Chuck E. Cheese

paragraphs: Chuck E. Cheese is a franchise of arcades and restaurants. Their restaurants have small rides, pizza (a central focus), and arcade / skill games. It was previously called Chuck E. Cheese's Pizza Time Theatre (1977–1991).

paragraphs: In most of their stores, they operate animatronic robot characters which sing songs and play instruments.

paragraphs: Created in 1977 in San Jose, California by Atari founder Nolan Bushnell, it started out as Chuck E. Cheese's Pizza Time Theatre. In 1984, CEC got bought out by Then-competitor ShowBiz Pizza Place from Topeka, Kansas and changed their corporate name to "ShowBiz Pizza Time". In 1989, Brock Hotel Management(then owners of SPT) sold it's "Monterrey's Tex-Mex Cafe" brand to them and spun off SPT into a separate company. In 1991, all ShowBiz and Pizza Time stores re-branded as "Chuck E. Cheese's Pizza" and in 1998 SPT changed their corporate name to "CEC Entertainment". In 1999, CECE bought out their primary competitor, Discovery Zone and in 2014 they bought the "Peter Piper's Pizza" chain. In 2013, CECE got bought by Apollo Global Management as was / is put up for sale.

paragraphs: CECE's headquarters are in Irving, Texas and have 590 CEC store locations worldwide.

paragraphs: In September 2020, it was announced that Chuck E. Cheese is developing a live-action movie and an animated television series.


title: Rob Halford

paragraphs: Robert John Arthur "Rob" Halford (born 25 August 1951) is an English singer-songwriter. He was born in Sutton Coldfield and raised in Walsall. He is best known as the lead vocalist for the Grammy Award-winning heavy metal band Judas Priest. He is nicknamed "Metal God". He is also credited as being the first openly gay mainstream heavy metal star when he came out as gay in 1998.

paragraphs: Rob almost exclusively now works with producer Mike Exeter when creating new music having met him whilst working on the Redeemer of Souls album with Judas Priest.


title: Order of the Indian Empire

paragraphs: The Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria in 1878. The Order includes members of three classes:

paragraphs: No appointments have been made since 1947, the year of Indian independence and the Partition of India. In 2010 the last surviving knight, The Maharaja of Dhrangadhra, died and the order became dormant .

paragraphs: The motto of the Order is "", (Under the auspices of the Empress), a reference to Queen Victoria, the first Empress of India. The Order is the junior British order of chivalry associated with the Empire of India; the senior one is The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India.

paragraphs: The British founded the Order in 1878 to reward British and "native" officials who served in India. The Order originally had only one class (Companion), but a second class, Knights Commander, was added in 1887. The British authorities intended the Order of the Indian Empire as a less exclusive version of the Order of the Star of India (founded in 1861); consequently, many more appointments were made to the former than to the latter.

paragraphs: On 15 February 1887, the Order of the Indian Empire formally became "The Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire" and was divided into two classes: Knights Commander and Companions, with the following first Knights Commander:

paragraphs: However, on 5 January 1888, a further proclamation regarding the Order was made; the Order was expanded from two classes to three - Knight Grand Commander, Knight Commander and Companion. Seven Knights Grand Commander were created; they were:

paragraphs: Normally the highest grade in British orders is Knight Grand Cross, but Knight Grand Commander was chosen for the two Indian awards because of the Christian symbolism of the cross.

paragraphs: Appointments to both Orders stopped after 14 August 1947. The Orders have never been formally abolished, and Queen Elizabeth II remains the Sovereign of the Orders to this day. Today, there are no living members of the order.

paragraphs: The fictional characters Purun Dass (invented by Rudyard Kipling) and Harry Paget Flashman (invented by George MacDonald Fraser) each held a KCIE; Kipling's engineer Findlayson in "The Day's Work" (1908) wants the CIE.

paragraphs: The British Sovereign is the Sovereign of the Order. The Grand Master held the next-most senior rank; the position was held, "ex officio", by the Viceroy of India. Members of the first class were known as "Knights Grand Commanders" rather than "Knights Grand Cross" so as not to offend the non-Christian Indians appointed to the Order.

paragraphs: At the time of foundation in 1878 the order had only one class, that of Companion. There could be any number of members. In 1887, the Order was divided into the two classes of Knights Commander (50 at any given time) and Companions (no quota). The following year the class of Knight Grand Commander (25 at any given time) was added; the composition of the other two classes remained the same.

paragraphs: British officials and soldiers were eligible for appointment, as were rulers of Indian Princely States. Generally, the rulers of the more important states were appointed Knights Grand Commanders of the Order of the Star of India, rather than of the Order of the Indian Empire. Women, except the princely rulers, could not be members the Order. Female princely rulers were admitted as "Knights" rather than as "Dames" or "Ladies".

paragraphs: As well, other Asian and Middle Eastern rulers were also appointed.


title: Garden State Parkway

paragraphs: The Garden State Parkway (or Garden State Pkwy) is a toll highway (which means that people must pay to drive on it) that goes through New Jersey from the south end of the state at Cape May to the north end of the state at Montvale, New Jersey. It is 172.4 miles long, and in 2008, was reported to be the busiest toll highway in the United States.


title: Order of the Star of India

paragraphs: The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria in 1861. The Order includes members of three classes:

paragraphs: No appointments have been made since the Partition of India in 1947. The last living knight, The Maharaja of Alwar, died in 2009 and the order became dormant.

paragraphs: The motto of the Order is "Heaven's light our guide". The "Star of India", the emblem of the Order, also appeared on the flag of the Viceroy of India.

paragraphs: The Order is the senior order of chivalry of the Empire of India; the junior order is The Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire, and there was also, for women only the Imperial Order of the Crown of India. It is the fifth-most-senior British order of chivalry, following The Most Noble Order of the Garter, The Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle, The Most Illustrious Order of St Patrick, and The Most Honourable Order of the Bath.

paragraphs: After the Indian Mutiny the British government created a new order of knighthood to honour Indian Princes and Chiefs, as well as British officers and administrators who served in India. On 25 June 1861, Queen Victoria issued a proclamation creating "The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India" to "reward conspicuous merit and loyalty"

paragraphs: The Order of the Indian Empire, founded in 1877, was intended to be a less exclusive version of the Order of the Star of India; consequently, many more appointments were made to the former than to the latter.

paragraphs: Appointments to the Orders relating to the British Empire in India ceased after 14 August 1947. The Orders have never been formally abolished and Elizabeth II succeeded her father George VI as Sovereign of the Orders when she ascended the throne in 1952. She remains Sovereign of the Order to this day. Today, there are no living members of the order:

paragraphs: The British Sovereign was, and still is, Sovereign of the Order. The next-most senior member was the Grand Master; the position was held, "ex officio", by the Viceroy of India. When the Order was established in 1861, there was only one class of Knights Companions, who bore the postnominals KSI. In 1866, however, it was expanded to three classes. Members of the first class were known as "Knights Grand Commanders", rather than "Knights Grand Cross", so as not to offend the non-Christian Indians appointed to the Order. All those surviving members who had already been made Knights Companions of the Order were made Knights Grand Commanders.

paragraphs: Former Viceroys and other high officials, as well as those who served in the Department of the Secretary of State for India for at least thirty years were eligible for appointment. Rulers of Indian Princely States were also eligible for appointment to the Order. Some states were of such importance that their rulers were almost always appointed Knights Grand Commanders; such rulers included the Nizam of Hyderabad, the Maharaja of Mysore, the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir, the Maharaja of Baroda, the Maharajas of Gwalior, the Nawab of Bhopal, the Maharaja of Indore, the Maharana of Udaipur, the Maharaja of Travancore, the Maharana of Jodhpur and the Maharao of Cutch.

paragraphs: Kashi Naresh Prabhu Narayan Singh of Benares was appointed Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire (KCIE) in 1892, Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire (GCIE) in 1898, and Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India (GCSI) for his services in the First World War in the 1921 New Year Honours.

paragraphs: Rulers of other nations in Asia and the Middle East, including the Emir of Kuwait, the Maharajas of the Rana dynasty, the Khedive of Egypt, the King of Bhutan and the rulers of Zanzibar, Bahrain and Oman were also appointed to the Order. Like some rulers of princely states, some rulers of particular prestige, for example the Maharajas of the Rana dynasty or the Sultans of Oman, were usually appointed Knights Grand Commanders.

paragraphs: Women, who were not princely rulers, could not be members of the Order. They were, admitted as "Knights", rather than as "Dames" or "Ladies". The first woman to be admitted to the Order was HH Nawab Sikandar Begum Sahiba, Nawab Begum of Bhopal; she was created a Knight Companion at the Order's foundation in 1861. The Order's statutes were specially amended to permit the admission of Queen Mary as a Knight Grand Commander in 1911.


title: Josh Hamilton

paragraphs: Joshua Holt Hamilton (born May 21, 1981, in Raleigh, North Carolina) is an American professional baseball player who is currently a free agent. He has played for the Cincinnati Reds, Texas Rangers, and Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim of Major League Baseball (MLB). In the 2010 season he was named American League MVP. He chose to play for the Angels after they offered him a 5-year contract, worth $125 million.

paragraphs: On April 27, 2015, the Angels traded Hamilton back to the Rangers.


title: Run batted in

paragraphs: Runs batted in or RBI is a statistic used in baseball and softball to credit a batter when the outcome of his at bat results in a run being scored, except in certain situations such as when an error is made on the play.

paragraphs: The official rulebook of Major League Baseball states in Rule 10.04:


title: Base on balls

paragraphs: A base on balls (BB) is given to a batter and against a pitcher in baseball statistics when a batter receives four pitches that the umpire calls "balls". It is also known as a walk.

paragraphs: Another version of base on balls is called intentional base on balls (IBB) or intentional walk. This is when the pitcher deliberately pitches the ball away from the batter in order to issue a base on balls. As with any other walk, an intentional walk entitles the batter to first base without being able to be put out, and entitles any runners to advance if forced. Intentional walks are a strategic defensive maneuver, usually done to bypass one hitter for one the defensive team believes is less likely to initiate a run-scoring play (e.g., a home run, sacrifice fly, or RBI base hit), or to set up a double play or force out situation for the next batter. They do carry an inherent risk, however, as they give the offensive team another runner on base, without any effort on their part, who could potentially score a run.


title: Martin St. Louis

paragraphs: Martin St. Louis (; born June 18, 1975) is a Canadian professional ice hockey right winger. He played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Calgary Flames, Tampa Bay Lightning and the New York Rangers as well as the HC Lausanne of the National League A (NLA).

paragraphs: St. Louis played college hockey at the University of Vermont for the Catamounts where he also played on the same team as former Boston Bruins goaltender Tim Thomas and former NHL player Éric Perrin. He has also played 2 seasons with the Calgary Flames and 13 seasons with the Tampa Bay Lightning.

paragraphs: On March 5, 2014, the Lightning traded St. Louis to the New York Rangers for New York captain Ryan Callahan, a 2015 first-round draft pick, and a conditional 2014 second-round pick.

paragraphs: St. Louis is married to his wife Heather Coragol and they have three sons, Ryan, Lucas and Mason.


title: Campden tablets

paragraphs: Campden tablets are used by people making their own beer, wine, or cider. The tablets kill yeast, making better yeast to be added later for better drinks. 5 of them in 1 pint of water makes a cleaning liquid that can be used to clean the equipment. They are made from sulfur. They were invented in Gloucestershire in the 1920s, but Boots Co. made them better. They can also be used to get rid of chlorine in tap water, making it safer to drink.


title: Meguro

paragraphs: The municipality calls itself "Meguro City" in English.

paragraphs: As of December 31, 2007, the ward has an estimated population of 259,968 and a density of 17,685 persons per km². The total area is 14.70 km².

paragraphs: The area now known as Meguro was originally two towns. One was called Meguro, and the other was called Hibusuma. Both used to be parts of the Ebara District of Musashi Province. The two were combined to create Meguro ward for Tokyo City in 1932. The ward area has not changed since then.

paragraphs: The number of people living in Meguro has not changed over the last forty years. The high was almost 300,000 people in 1970, and the low was under 250,000 in 1995. See census information below.

paragraphs: There are four other special wards next to Meguro. They are Shibuya (to the northeast), Setagaya (to the west), Ōta (to the south) and Shinagawa (to the southeast).

paragraphs: There are many embassies from African nations in the ward.


title: Wilhelm scream

paragraphs: The Wilhelm scream is a movie and television sound effect first used in 1951 for the movie "Distant Drums". The effect became popular again (its use often becoming an in-joke) after it was used in "Star Wars" and many other movies as well as television shows and video games. The scream is often used when someone is shot, falls from a great height, or is thrown from an explosion.

paragraphs: The sound is named for Private Wilhelm, a character in "The Charge at Feather River", a 1953 western in which the character is shot with an arrow. This was believed to be the third movie to use the sound effect. It was the first use of the sound from the Warner Brothers sound library.

paragraphs: The sound effect comes from a series of sound effects made for the 1951 movie "Distant Drums". In a scene from the movie, soldiers are walking through a swamp in the Everglades. One of them is bitten and dragged underwater by an alligator. The scream for that scene was recorded later in one take. The sound was labeled as "man getting bit by an alligator, and he screams."

paragraphs: The Wilhelm scream began to become popular when Benjamin Burtt Jr. found the original recording (which he found labeled as "Man being eaten by alligator") and put it into a scene in "". Burtt is credited with naming the scream after Private Wilhelm (after a soldier in "The Charge at Feather River" who was shot by an arrow and screamed). Over the next decade, Burtt began using the effect in other films he worked on. This included most projects with George Lucas or Steven Spielberg. It is used in all of the Indiana Jones movies. Other sound designers picked up on the effect, and use of the sound in movies became a tradition in the community of sound designers.

paragraphs: Research by Burtt shows that actor and singer Sheb Wooley, best known for his song "Flying Purple People Eater" in 1958, is likely to have been the voice actor who first performed the scream. This has been supported by an interview in 2005 with Linda Dotson, Wooley's widow. Burtt discovered records at Warner Brothers from the editor of "Distant Drums". These records include a short list of names of actors scheduled to record lines of dialogue for roles in the movie. Wooley played the uncredited role of Private Jessup in "Distant Drums." He was one of the few actors used for the recording of more vocal parts for the movie. Wooley performed more sound effects, including the screams for a man being bitten by an alligator. Dotson confirmed that it was Wooley's scream that had been in so many westerns, adding, "He always used to joke about how he was so great about screaming and dying in films."

paragraphs: The Wilhelm scream has become a cinematic sound cliché. By 2008 it had been used in many works, including over 216 movies, television shows and video games . Some directors, most notably George Lucas, include it in almost every one of their productions.

paragraphs: In 2010, a Wilhelm Scream App was released on the Apple iPhone. As of 2011, it is still free to download.

paragraphs: The second single by British artist James Blake was called "The Wilhelm Scream" and was released in 2011.


title: Vitacura

paragraphs: Vitacura is a commune and city of Santiago Province, Chile. According to the Chilean census on 2002, Vitacura has an area of and 81,499 inhabitants.

paragraphs: The name of this city is in honor to the cacique called "Vitacura" who was collaborator of the Spanish conqueror Pedro de Valdivia.


title: Verandah

paragraphs: A veranda or verandah is a porch or long, open room with a roof over it. It can be an open area with a roof that is built around a building at the center. It usually has a line of columns or pillars holding up the roof. There is often a railing around the outside. Verandahs often cover the whole front and sides of a building.

paragraphs: The word Veranda came to English through India by way of an Indo-Portuguese creole, the word itself comes from the Portuguese "varanda" which means "long balcony or terrace".

paragraphs: The veranda has been an important part of local Australian architecture. It began to become common in colonial buildings during the 1850s.

paragraphs: The Creole Townhouse in New Orleans, Louisiana is also noted for its prominent use of verandas.


title: Shinagawa, Tokyo

paragraphs: As of 2008, the ward has an estimated population of 344,461 and a density of 15,740 persons per km². The total area is 22.72 km².

paragraphs: The ward was founded on March 15, 1947 by combining Ebara Ward with the older Shinagawa Ward. Both Ebara Ward and Shinagawa Ward had been created in 1932 when Tokyo City expanded after the Great Kantō earthquake.

paragraphs: Shinagawa is a transport hub with the busy Shinagawa Station nearby in Minato Ward.

paragraphs: Shinagawa is run by a city assembly of 40 elected members.

paragraphs: Tokyo Metropolitan Government Board of Education operates two special colleges in Shinagawa:

paragraphs: Shinagawa has sister-city relationships with Auckland in New Zealand, Geneva in Switzerland, and Portland, Maine in the United States.


title: Ass to mouth

paragraphs: Ass to mouth is a common term that describes one partner removing his penis from the anus, and inserting it into his partner's or another person's mouth.


title: Amalie Arena

paragraphs: The Amalie Arena is an arena in Tampa, Florida, that has been used for ice hockey, basketball, and arena football games, as well as concerts.

paragraphs: It is home to the Tampa Bay Lightning of the National Hockey League and the Tampa Bay Storm of the Arena Football League.

paragraphs: The arena, in Downtown Tampa's Channelside District was a secondary location chosen after the failure of Tampa Coliseum Inc. to secure funding to construct an arena on Tampa Sports Authority land near Tampa Stadium. It opened in 1996 as the Ice Palace. Its first event was a performance by the Royal Hanneford Circus. The first hockey game was the Lightning hosting the New York Rangers, which the Lightning won by a score of 5–2.

paragraphs: The arena was built as a new home for the Lightning after the club outgrew the older, smaller Expo Hall at the Florida State Fairgrounds. Prior to the opening of the Ice Palace, the Lightning moved to the Florida Suncoast Dome, which was nicknamed the "Thunderdome," in St. Petersburg, Florida, joining the Tampa Bay Storm, in 1994. Upon the completion of the Ice Palace, both the Lightning and the Storm, moved in. The Thunderdome, now named Tropicana Field, is currently home to Major League Baseball's Tampa Bay Rays.

paragraphs: Control of the venue has changed hands three times since the building's opening in 1996. The lease agreement ties the arena to the ownership of the Tampa Bay Lightning.

paragraphs: Naming rights to the Ice Palace were sold to the "St. Petersburg Times", a daily newspaper sold throughout the Tampa Bay Area. In January 2012, the arena name changed to Tampa Bay Times Forum once the newspaper renamed itself the "Tampa Bay Times".

paragraphs: On September 3, 2014, Tampa Bay Lightning owner Jeff Vinik announced that the arena would be renamed Amalie Arena after they came to an agreement with Amalie Oil Company, an oil company based in Tampa. Other entertainment events occasionally held in the Arena include concerts, NBA games, USF Basketball and NCAA Tournament games, tennis, professional wrestling, boxing, figure skating, and rodeos (as well as stand-alone bull riding events; the Arena has hosted an event by the PBR's premier tour, the Bud Light Cup (renamed Built Ford Tough Series in 2003), annually since 1998.)

paragraphs: The building hosted the 1999 NHL All-Star Game, World Wrestling Federation "Survivor Series 2000", and games of the NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament in 2003, 2008 and 2011. The Arena hosted 4 of the 7 games during the 2004 Stanley Cup Finals, as the Lightning defeated the Calgary Flames 4 games to 3 to win their first Stanley Cup. The Arena also hosted ArenaBowl XII (1998) and ArenaBowl XVII (2003) and the 2007 ACC Men's Basketball Tournament.

paragraphs: The Arena hosted the 2008 NCAA Women's Division I Final Four Basketball Tournament on April 6–8. Tennessee beat Stanford, 64-48. In 2009, the Arena hosted the Southeastern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament.

paragraphs: In 2009, Britney Spears performed at the Arena for her "The Circus Starring Britney Spears" tour. The show is also notable for a wardrobe malfunction and the remark, "Okay, my pussy is hanging out of this fucking --", after she performed "I'm a Slave 4 U" and didn't realize that her mic was still on. The incident later received notable attention and has received thousands of views on YouTube.

paragraphs: In 2012, Amalie Arena hosted the NCAA Men's Hockey Frozen Four championship finals; this was the first time the "Frozen Four" was held outside the northern US since 1999, when the University of Alaska Anchorage hosted the event at the Arrowhead Pond of Anaheim, now the Honda Center, in Anaheim, California. The Frozen Four was hosted by the University of Alabama in Huntsville, the nearest NCAA hockey team to Florida.

paragraphs: WWE Raw and WWE SmackDown has been held at the arena numerous times. WWE held their three-hour event inside of the Arena where Raw hosted their 800th episode celebration on November 3, 2008. WWE returned to the Arena once again for the December 21st edition of Raw where former New York Yankees and current Tampa Bay Rays player Johnny Damon served as the Guest Host at the time he was a free agent. For the first time in three years, SmackDown returned to Amalie Arena for the June 8, 2010 edition.

paragraphs: Tampa also hosted WWE Extreme Rules on May 1, 2011; it was the arena's first WWE PPV since Survivor Series 2000 in 11 years as it was originally scheduled to take place at the Amway Center in Orlando.

paragraphs: Amalie Arena hosted the 2012 Republican National Convention.


title: Piedmont blues

paragraphs: Piedmont blues (also called East Coast Blues) is a blues music style from the East Coast of the USA. The name came from the Piedmont, a hilly coastal area between Richmond, Virginia and Atlanta, Georgia. But the style is also played in Maryland, Delaware, West Virginia, Pennsylvania and Florida.

paragraphs: The main instruments are guitar, vocals, drums and bass. The Piedmont style is played on acoustic instruments. The main difference to the Delta blues is the ragtime based rhythm. The style is influenced by ragtime, country string bands, traveling medicine shows and popular song of the early 20th century. East Coast Piedmont Blues blended both black and white, rural and urban song elements in the diverse urban centers of the Southeast and mid-Atlantic region. In contrast to Delta blues, the Piedmont blues were influenced by white music.

paragraphs: In the early twentieth century artists such as Blind Boy Fuller, Blind Blake, Blind Willie McTell, Rev. Gary Davis and Sonny Terry made Piedmont blues popular. Women also played the Piedmont guitar style, including Etta Baker and Elizabeth Cotten, whose “Freight Train” is one of the most recognized Piedmont tunes. Before the Second World War Piedmont blues was a style that was very popular with the African-Americans of the South. The heyday was the 1920s and 1930s.


title: Sportverein Austria Salzburg

paragraphs: The Sportverein Austria Salzburg (shortly SV Austria Salzburg) is an Austrian footballclub based in Salzburg. The club was founded in 2005 after the Red Bull takover of the old Austria Salzburg.

paragraphs: The club was founded in September 2005 after the Red Bull takover of the 1933 founded club SV Austria Salzburg. Due to differences about the new club supporters left the now socalled FC Red Bull Salzburg and founded SV Austria Salzburg. Role models were the fanbiased English clubs AFC Wimbledon and FC United of Manchester. The club claims to preserve the tradition of SV Austria Salzburg.

paragraphs: The season 2005/06 they played together with PSV Schwarz-Weiß in the Salzburger Landesliga (4th class) but at the end of the season the cooperation ended. The club has to start in the 7. class of Austrian football. The first match of the new SV Austria Salzburg was played on 29 July 2006 against "Lieferinger SV", another football club from the city of Salzburg. SV Austria Salzburg won 6–0.But the following seasons they won the classes they played in so they play the season 2010/11 in the Regionalliga West, which is the 3rd class of Austrian league system.


title: Tim Hunt

paragraphs: Sir Richard Timothy Hunt FRS (born 19 February 1943 in Neston, Cheshire) is an English biochemist. He is usually known as Tim Hunt.

paragraphs: Hunt shared the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on cell division.

paragraphs: At the age of eight he was accepted into the Dragon School, where he first developed an interest in biology thanks to his German teacher, Gerd Sommerhoff.

paragraphs: When he was fourteen he moved to Magdalen College School, Oxford, where the science prizes now bear his name. There he became even more interested in science studying subjects such as chemistry and biology.

paragraphs: In 1961, Hunt was accepted into Clare College, Cambridge to study natural sciences, graduating in 1964 and immediately beginning work in the university Department of Biochemistry.

paragraphs: He finished his PhD in 1968 and worked in New York to work on protein synthesis. Tiny amounts of glutathione inhibited protein synthesis in reticulocytes (immature red blood cells), and tiny amounts of RNA killed the synthesis altogether. After returning to Cambridge he continued work on substances which started or inhibited protein synthesis.

paragraphs: In 1982 at the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, Massachusetts, he used the sea urchin ("Arbacia punctulata") egg as his model organism. He discovered the cyclin molecule. Hunt found that cyclins begin to be made after the eggs are fertilized and increase in levels during interphase, until they drop very quickly in the middle of mitosis in each cell division.

paragraphs: He also found that cyclins are present in vertebrate cells where they also regulate the cell cycle. His group showed that cyclins bind and activate a family of protein kinases, now called the cyclin-dependent kinases. One of these had been identified as a crucial cell cycle regulator by Paul Nurse.

paragraphs: In 1990, he began work at Imperial Cancer Research Fund. In 2001 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Leland Hartwell and Paul Nurse for their work on cell division. Other honours followed, and he was knighted by the Queen in 2006.

paragraphs: Hunt is married to Mary Collins. The couple have two daughters.


title: Christ Church, Oxford

paragraphs: Christ Church is one of the largest colleges of the University of Oxford. The college was founded by Henry VIII in 1546.

paragraphs: As well as being a college, Christ Church is also the cathedral church of the diocese of Oxford, namely Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford.

paragraphs: Christ Church has produced thirteen British prime ministers. This is equal to the number produced by all 45 other Oxford colleges put together, and two short of the total number for the University of Cambridge (fifteen).

paragraphs: The college is the setting for parts of Evelyn Waugh's "Brideshead Revisited", as well as Lewis Carroll's "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland". More recently it has been used in the filming of the movies of J. K. Rowling's "Harry Potter" series and also the movie adaptation of Philip Pullman's novel "Northern Lights" (the movie bearing the title of the US edition of the book, "The Golden Compass").

paragraphs: Distinctive features of the college's architecture have been used as models by a number of other academic institutions. The University of Chicago and Cornell University both have reproductions of Christ Church's dining hall. Christ Church Cathedral, New Zealand, after which the City of Christchurch is named, is itself named after Christ Church, Oxford. Stained glass windows in the cathedral and other buildings are by the Pre-Raphaelite William Morris group with designs by Edward Burne-Jones.

paragraphs: The college has admitted female students since 1978.


title: Roman Wallner

paragraphs: Roman Wallner (born 4 February 1982 in Graz, Styria) is an Austrian footballer. He plays for F.C. Wacker Innsbruck as striker.

paragraphs: He started playing football in his hometown Graz for Sturm Graz, the next year he played for SK Rapid Wien. He played for Rapid from 1999 till 2004 and shot 42 goals in 134 matches. Roman Wallner also played for Hannover 96, Admira Wacker, Austria Vienna, Falkirk, Hamilton Academical, Apollon Kalamarias and Skoda Xanthi. After his years in Greece he came back to Austria playing for LASK Linz. Because he had also personal problems during his time in foreign countries the contract with LASK was his last chance to gain success in football. He played this year very successfully and scored 19 goals for LASK and Red Bull Salzburg where he went in winter 2010. In the 2010/11 season he was the best scorer for Red Bull Salzburg with 18 goals in the league and 4 goals in international matches.

paragraphs: He started his career in 2001 in the World Cup qualification match versus Liechtenstein.Since then he scored 7 goals in 29 matches.


title: Radha

paragraphs: Radha is the Goddess of love and the Supreme Goddess of All. In the Gaudiya Vaishnava sect of the Vaishnava traditions in Hinduism, she is the childhood friend and lover of Krishna.


title: Franz Schiemer

paragraphs: Franz "Fränky" Schiemer (born March 21, 1986, in Haag am Hausruck, Upper Austria) wasan Austrian footballer who played as a defender for FC Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga.

paragraphs: He started in his local club Taufkirchen as striker in the youth ranks.For SV Ried he made his professional debut in the 2003/04 season at the age of 17. With the U17 national team he was 3rd in the UEFA - European Championship 2003. 2005 he joined FK Austria Wien. With this club he reached his first Championsship. 2009 he joined FC Red Bull Salzburg, where he signed till 2012. He played all position in the defence and reached 2010 with Red Bull Salzburg his second Championship.

paragraphs: In 2014 he retired due to often injuries.


title: Lake Geneva

paragraphs: Lake Geneva (, , or "Genfer See") is the second largest lake in Central Europe. The lake forms the border between France and Switzerland. About three fifths are in Switzerland. In total, it is about 580 km in size. At its deepest point it is 310 m deep, which makes it France's deepest lake. The biggest contributing river is the Rhone, other important tributaries are the Dranse, the Venoge and the Aubonne. The Rhone traverses the lake, and exits at Geneva. On average, its waters take 11.4 years to traverse the lake. Other than Geneva, important Swiss cities at the lakeshore are Lausanne, Montreux and Vevey. The biggest French city at the lakeshore is Thonon-les-Bains, the best known is Évian-les-Bains.

paragraphs: There are six small islands in the lake:

paragraphs: The Pierres du Niton are two erratic stones in the lake in Geneva. They were deposited there during the last ice age.


title: Audi A6

paragraphs: The Audi A6 is an automobile produced by Audi. It replaced the Audi 100 in 1994, and entered its fourth generation in 2011.

paragraphs: It is available in both sedan and station wagon bodystyles. It is also available in SUV bodystyle, called Audi Q7 quattro.


title: King Diamond

paragraphs: King Diamond (born Kim Bendix Petersen, Copenhagen, Denmark, on June 14, 1956) is a Grammy Award-nominated heavy metal musician. As a vocalist, he is known for his extensive vocal range, in particular his usage of falsetto. He is the lead vocalist for both bands Mercyful Fate and King Diamond.


title: Volkswagen Eos

paragraphs: The Volkswagen Eos is a automobile produced by Volkswagen since 2006. It replaced the in 2001 discontinued Volkswagen Golf Cabriolet.


title: Jesus College, Oxford

paragraphs: Jesus College is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford.

paragraphs: The college was founded by Elizabeth I on 27 June 1571 for the education of clergy, though students now study a broad range of secular subjects.

paragraphs: A major driving force behind the establishment of the college was Hugh Price (or Ap Rhys), a churchman and lawyer from Brecon in Wales. The college continues to be associated informally with Wales to this day.

paragraphs: The oldest buildings, in the first quadrangle, date from the 16th and early 17th centuries; a second quadrangle was added between about 1640 and about 1713, and a third quadrangle was built in about 1906. Further accommodation was built on the main site to mark the 400th anniversary of the college, in 1971, and student flats have been constructed at sites in north and east Oxford.

paragraphs: The life of the college was disrupted by the English Civil War. Little happened at the college during the 18th century, and the 19th century saw a decline in numbers and academic standards.

paragraphs: Reforms of Oxford University after two Royal Commissions in the latter half of the 19th century led to removal of many of the restrictions placed on the college's fellowships and scholarships. This meant the college was no longer mostly Welsh students and academics. Students' academic achievements rose in the early 20th century as fellows were appointed to teach in new subjects. Women were first admitted in 1974 and now form a large part of the undergraduate population.

paragraphs: There are about 475 students. The Principal of the college is Lord Krebs, the son of the Nobel Prize winner Hans Krebs. Former students include Harold Wilson (twice British Prime Minister), Norman Washington Manley (Chief Minister of Jamaica) and T.E. Lawrence ("Lawrence of Arabia").

paragraphs: The university's Chair (professorship) of Celtic is attached to the college.


title: Nosferatu

paragraphs: Nosferatu eine Symphonie des Grauens (translation: "Nosferatu: A Symphony of Horror") is a 1922 German silent horror movie by F. W. Murnau. It was based on the "Dracula" novel by Bram Stoker.

paragraphs: The movie was shot in 1921 and was released in Germany in 1922 and in the US in 1929. It is about a vampire or "Nosferatu" named Count Orlok (starring Max Schreck) who lives in a castle on top of a hill. The movie is in the public domain in America but not in Germany.

paragraphs: The movie was a commercial failure and caused the company Prana Film to be shut down due to copyright infringement. The movie was the only movie by Prana Film.

paragraphs: The movie got a strong cult following. Not only this, the movie has received overwhelmingly positive reviews. On Rotten Tomatoes it got a "Certified Fresh" label: 98% of critics gave the film a positive review with a "fresh" rating, based on 46 reviews.

paragraphs: In 2010, it was ranked twenty-first in "Empire" magazine's "The 100 Best Films of World Cinema".

paragraphs: In 1838, Thomas Hutter lives in the fictional German city of Wisborg. His mysterious employer, estate agent Herr Knock, sends Hutter to Transylvania to visit a new client named Count Orlok who plans to buy a house in Wisborg. Hutter entrusts his loving wife Ellen to his good friend Harding and Harding's sister Annie, before embarking on his long journey. Nearing his destination in the Carpathian Mountains, Hutter stops at an inn for dinner. The locals become frightened by the mere mention of Orlok's name and discourage him from traveling to his castle at night, warning of a werewolf on the prowl.

paragraphs: The next morning, Hutter takes a coach to a high mountain pass, but the coachman declines to take him any further than the bridge as nightfall is approaching. A black-swathed coach appears after Hutter crosses the bridge and the coachman gestures for him to climb aboard. Hutter is welcomed at a castle by Count Orlok. When Hutter is eating dinner and accidentally cuts his thumb, Orlok tries to suck the blood out, but his repulsed guest pulls his hand away.

paragraphs: Hutter wakes up to a deserted castle the morning after and notices fresh punctures on his neck which, in a letter he sends by courier on horseback to be delivered to his devoted wife, he attributes to mosquitoes. That night, Orlok signs the documents to purchase the house across from Hutter's own home in Wisborg and notices a photo of Hutter's wife, remarking that she has a "lovely neck."

paragraphs: "Nosferatu" is Prana Film's only production. Prana Film was founded 1921 by Enrico Dieckmann and Albin Grau. Grau had the idea to shoot a vampire film; the inspiration arose from Grau's war experience: in the winter of 1916, a Serbian farmer told him that his father was a vampire and one of the Undead.

paragraphs: Diekmann and Grau gave Henrik Galeen a job to screenplay inspired from Bram Stoker's 1897 novel "Dracula", despite Prana Film not having rights to the film. Galeen was an experienced specialist in Dark romanticism ; he had already worked on "Der Student von Prag" ("The Student of Prague") in 1913, and the screenplay for 1920's "Der Golem, wie er in die Welt kam" ("The Golem: How He Came into the World"). Galeen set the story in a fictional north German harbour town named Wisborg and changed the character names. He added the idea of the vampire bringing the plague to Wisborg via rats on the ship. He left out the Van Helsing vampire hunter character. Galeen's German Expressionism screenplay was poetically rhythmic, without being so dismembered as other books influenced by literary Expressionism, such as those by Carl Mayer. Lotte Eisner described Galeen's screenplay as """" ("full of poetry, full of rhythm").

paragraphs: Dieckmann and Gray won the director Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau, who made movies until 1919, but had made his first seven productions a reputation as a talented filmmaker. Gray, who had studied at the Art Academy in Dresden, took over as artistic director and designed sets and costumes. For the soundtrack of the musical director of the Prana-Film Hans Erdmann was responsible. The unknown stage actor Max Schreck from Munich, was committed for the title role. Other roles took on expressionist theater of Max Reinhardt trained actors like Greta Schröder, Gustav von Wangenheim, and Alexander Granach, a former classmate at Murnau Reinhardt's acting school at the Deutsches Theater.

paragraphs: Filming began in July 1921. Exterior shots were filmed in Wismar. A take from Marienkirche's tower over Wismar marketplace with the Wasserkunst Wismar served as the establishing shot for the Wisborg scene. Other locations were the Wassertor, the Heiligen-Geist-Kirche yard and the harbour. In Lübeck, the abandoned Salzspeicher served as Nosferatu's new Wisborg house, the one of the churchyard from Aegidienkirche served as Hutters and down the Depenau "coffin bearers" beared coffins. Many walks of Lübeck took place in the hunt of "Knock" who ordered Hutter in the "Yard of Füchting" to meet the earl. Further exterior shots followed in Lauenburg, Rostock and on Sylt. The film team travelled to the Carpathian Mountains, where Orava Castle served as backdrop for Orlok's half-ruined castle. Nearby locations also served: Hutter's stay at Dolný Kubín; the river journey with the coffins filmed on the Váh River; and the panoramas of the High Tatras mountain range. The team filmed interior shots at the JOFA studio in Berlin's Johannisthal locality. and further exteriors in the Tegel forest. Parts of the film set in Transylvania were also shot in Slovakia.

paragraphs: For cost reasons, cameraman Fritz Arno Wagner only had one camera available, and therefore there was only one original negative. The director followed Galeen's screenplay carefully, following handwritten instructions on camera positioning, lighting, and related matters. Nevertheless Murnau completely rewrote 12 pages of the script, as Galeen's text was missing from the director's working script. This concerned the last scene of the film, in which Ellen sacrifices herself and the vampire dies in the first rays of the Sun. Murnau prepared carefully; there were sketches that were to correspond exactly to each filmed scene, and he used a metronome to control the pace of the acting.

paragraphs: Since the camera was mostly static and immobile to Nosferatu, Murnau used movement and differentiation within the rigid cadre in order to energize the scene. As Orloks ship slowly moves from right to left through the movie screen, Murnau used this so Eisner's "powerful effect[s] of the impression of transverse motion." would stress education. This served the same purpose subjectifications of the camera view, such as when the vampire filmed on the ship from the frog perspective or stand looking out of windows, parts of the frame and shoots into view . The highlight of the subjectivated gaze are the scenes in which the vampire character - directly facing the camera - turns to the audience and thus the fourth wall is broken: "The vampire seems by its immensity, the dimensions of the screen to blow up and the viewers to directly threaten "

paragraphs: Shortly before the premiere, an advertisement campaign was placed in issue 21 of the magazine "Bühne und Film", with a summary, scene and work photographs, production reports and essays including a treatment on vampirism by Albin Grau. Nosferatu's preview premiered on 4 March 1922 in the "Marmorsaal" of the Berlin Zoological Garden. This was planned as a large society evening called ' (Festival of Nosferatu), and guests were asked to arrive dressed in Biedermeier costume. The cinema premiere itself took place on 15 March 1922 at Berlin's .

paragraphs: This was Prana Film's only movie because the movie was a financial failure as a limited release. The UFA refused to take the film in the program of their large movie theaters, and so Nosferatu was only shown in a few small theaters. This was also because Bram Stoker had an estate, acting for his widow, Florence Stoker, sueing for copyright infringement and winning. The court ordered all existing prints of "Nosferatu" burned, but one purported copy of the film had already been distributed around the world. These prints were duplicated over the years.

paragraphs: Despite the movie's failure and Prana Film's bankruptcy in 1922, the film received critically positive reviews. Rotten Tomatoes says that 98% of critical reviews were positive (53 out of a total 55 reviews) with an average rating of 3.9/5, stating, "One of the silent era's most influential masterpieces, Nosferatu's eerie, gothic feel -- and a chilling performance from Max Schreck as the vampire -- set the template for the horror films that followed."

paragraphs: Roger Ebert called it "more effective for being" a "silent" film. He concluded,

paragraphs: Ulrich Gregor and Enno Patalas evaluate "Nosferatu" as a quantum leap in Murnau's cinematic work for being "visible for the first time in any setting." Thomas Elsaesser says the appeal of the film from the conflict between technical perfection and its mainly psychological acting subject: "Murnau's poetry, the result was a detached, almost clinical application of technical mastery German photography and camera work in an emotionally charged, with deep-seated fears and feelings related topics". The dream-like, the subconscious appealing presentation give the film a "shadow only decipherable, hidden logic", they keep the film "still strong appeal character," says Thomas Koebner. Also Kreimeier Klaus picks up on this film "Nosferatu" effect and certify an "authenticity of the dream - and the fictional (the means based on conventions) character of what we call reality."

paragraphs: William K. Everson judges, the film suffered "under the extrovert and plenty of covered play by Alexander Granach [...] and virtually all other members of the cast out fear." Also, Lotte H. Eisner criticized the cumbersome play, the actors performances were "not significant", which they impute to the fact that Murnau not experienced at this time in the lead actor had been enough.

paragraphs: Aaron Copland's 1922 ballet "Grohg" (unpublished and unpremiered until 1992) used "Nosferatu" as the physical model for the lead character and roughly follows the storyline.

paragraphs: Hugh Cornwell of the Stranglers and Robert Williams recorded an album "Nosferatu" as a "soundtrack" to the film, dedicated to the memory of Max Schreck; it was released in 1979. The front cover was a still picture from the film.

paragraphs: Werner Herzog's 1979 homage to Nosferatu, "Nosferatu the Vampyre" starred Klaus Kinski as Count Dracula, not Orlok. A sequel to Herzog's film called "Vampire in Venice" starred Kinski, this time as Nosferatu, and Christopher Plummer as Paris Catalano.

paragraphs: The 1979 television movie "Salem's Lot" modeled the appearance of Mr. Barlow on that of Count Orlok. In 1998, Wayne Keeley released "", in which the original film was remastered to a soundtrack by Type O Negative and hosted by David Carradine.

paragraphs: The 2000 Hollywood movie "Shadow of the Vampire" told a secret history of the making of "Nosferatu", imagining that actor Max Schreck (played by Willem Dafoe) was actually a genuine vampire and that director F. W. Murnau (John Malkovich) was complicit in hiring the creature for the purpose of realism.

paragraphs: Similarly, the short film 'La duodécima hora' by Rodrigo Plaza and film critic Juanma Ruiz, suggested a hidden plot orchestrated by Nosferatu director and producer, F. W. Murnau and Albin Grau, to hide an elixir of the eternal life. Shot as a mockumentary, the film starred horror icon and Nosferatu film restorer Luciano Berriatúa.

paragraphs: Viper Comics's 2010 graphic novel "Nosferatu" by Christopher Howard Wolf retold the original 1922 film's storyline with a modern setting and cast.

paragraphs: The Cartoon Network Adult Swim series Mary Shelley's Frankenhole, a parody of classic horror movies and characters, features Nosferatu as a recurring character.


title: King Diamond (band)

paragraphs: King Diamond are a Danish heavy metal band. It was formed by King Diamond after the split up of his band Mercyful Fate.


title: Lego Duplo

paragraphs: Lego Duplo (also called Lego Preschool, Explore or simply just DUPLO) is another type of Lego toys. The difference is that they are bigger than regular Lego and that they are meant for ages 1½-6, because they are easier to handle than regular Lego. Lego Duplo were launched in 1969.


title: Obi-Wan Kenobi

paragraphs: Obi-Wan Kenobi is a fictional character in the "Star Wars" universe. He is one of several primary characters in the Star Wars series.

paragraphs: With Anakin Skywalker/Darth Vader, R2-D2, and C-3PO, he is one of the few major characters to appear in all of the six "Star Wars" movies. He is portrayed in the original trilogy by Alec Guinness and in the prequel trilogy by Ewan McGregor and voiced by James Arnold Taylor in "Star Wars: The Clone Wars" series and "Star Wars Rebels" series.


title: Austin & Ally

paragraphs: Austin & Ally is an American sitcom. It started on December 2, 2011, on the Disney Channel. The main characters are Austin (Ross Lynch) Ally (Laura Marano) Trish (Raini Rodriguez) and Dez (Calum Worthy). The story is set in Miami. Most of the time the characters are in Sonic Boom, a music shop. The shop is owned by Ally’s father, but Ally is the manager. Austin and Ally have their rehearsal room in Sonic Boom. There are secondary characters in this sitcom: Ally's parent, Nelson and Jimmy Star (the boss of Austin’s recording studio).

paragraphs: "Austin & Ally "is a comedy about the friendship of the singer and musician Austin Moon (Ross Lynch) and the shy songwriter Ally Dawson (Laura Marano). In the show, Ally has strong stage fright (fear of being on a stage in front of many people).

paragraphs: In the first episode called "Rockers & Writers", Austin secretly sings and records one of Ally's songs. He becomes famous from it after his best friend Dez (Calum Worthy) helps him make a music video for the song and posts it on the internet. Ally is convinced by her best friend Trish (Raini Rodriguez) to tell people she wrote the song. Austin convinces Ally to join him to write songs. The two become friends and work on making Austin more famous. Trish becomes Austin's manager and Dez creates Austin's music videos. The four of them have many adventures in Austin's music career. Austin gets signed to a character Jimmy Star's record label at the end of the first season.

paragraphs: Austin and Ally work together to solve problems in the second season. Ally gets rid of her stage fright by performing with Austin. Ally signs a record deal and records an album. Austin goes on a national tour. Ally does not go to the first part of Austin's tour but does go to the second half.


title: Francesc Eiximenis

paragraphs: Francesc Eiximenis (born in Girona around 1330 - died in Perpinyà around 1409) was a Franciscan Catalan writer. He lived in the Crown of Aragon in the 14th century. He was possibly one of the most important medieval Catalan writers. His works were read, copied, published and translated in many places. He had a strong influence in literacy and politics. People like the kings of the Crown of Aragon Peter IV, John I and Martin I, the queen Maria de Luna and the Pope of Avignon Benedict XIII read the works of Eiximenis.


title: Ernest Mühlen

paragraphs: Ernest Mühlen (8 June 1926 – 19 March 2014) was a Luxembourgish politician for the Christian Social People's Party, economist, and financial journalist. In 1973, he won a place on Luxembourg City's communal council. He was born in Ettelbruck.

paragraphs: Mühlen died on 19 March 2014 at the age of 87.


title: Henk Weerink

paragraphs: Hendrik "Henk" Weerink (1936 – 13 March 2014) was a Dutch association football referee. He refereed between 1967 and 1983 for more than 450 matches in national and international matches. He was born in Coevorden, Drenthe.

paragraphs: Weerink died on 13 March 2014 in his hometown of Coevorden. He was 77 years old.


title: Cees Veerman (The Cats)

paragraphs: Cees Veerman (6 October 1943 – 15 March 2014) was a Dutch musician. He was a singer, composer and guitarist for the rock band The Cats. He was born in Volendam in the province of North Holland.

paragraphs: Veerman died in his sleep on the morning of 15 March 2014 in Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia. He was 70 years old.


title: Tholocoleus astrifer

paragraphs: Tholocoleus astrifer is a moth of the Noctuidae family. Butler used the scientific name in 1886.


title: Anzu

paragraphs: Anzu is a genus of oviraptorosaurian dinosaurs from the latest Cretaceous, 66 million years ago (mya). Its remains were found in North and South Dakota. The type species is "Anzu wyliei".

paragraphs: "Anzu wyliei" had a toothless beak, a prominent crest, long arms ending in slender relatively straight claws, long powerful legs with slender toes, and a very long tail. In life, the animal was about to long and to in weight. It was one of the largest known oviraptorosaurs and the largest known from North America (though the giant Mongolian oviraptorosaur "Gigantoraptor" was far larger).

paragraphs: The type species is the first well-preserved example of a North American oviraptorosaur. According to a paleontologist at the Smithsonian "for almost a hundred years, the presence of oviraptorosaurs in North America was only known from a few bits of skeleton, and the details of their appearance and biology remained a mystery. With the discovery of "A. wyliei", we finally have the fossil evidence to show what this species looked like and how it is related to other dinosaurs". The creature's formidable appearance – "big crests on their skulls, a beak, no teeth, and a very bird-like skeleton" – led to it being jokingly called the "chicken from hell" in press releases.

paragraphs: The fossils of "Anzu wyliei" were found in mudstone rock that had once been part of ancient floodplains. Its Asian counterparts lived in arid or semi-arid conditions.

paragraphs: Its lifestyle was that of "a fast-running, ecological generalist that didn't quite fit the usual moulds of meat-eating or plant-eating dinosaur". It was not on the direct line of descent of modern birds, but it did have bird-like features:

paragraphs: The function of "Anzu's" large crest is debated. The crest "is very large and made of paper-thin bone, so it was not able to take much stress. All oviraptosaurs have this crest but it is certainly the largest in "A. wyliei"". The most likely function is for display, signalling to members of its own species. Also, it might be used to attract a mate.

paragraphs: The fossils showed evidence of injuries, including a healed broken rib and an arthritic toe that was probably the result of a tendon being ripped away from the bone. It is not known whether this indicates that the animals fought each other, or were injured by predators.


title: Software extension

paragraphs: A software extension is a type of computer program that is meant to "extend" (add on to) what another computer program (called the base program) is able to do. Usually, it has some more instructions that the base program does not have. Either the base program or the extension can tell those instructions to run.


title: Dennis Jackson

paragraphs: Dennis Leonard Jackson (8 March 1932 – 21 March 2014) was an English professional footballer. He played as a full back.

paragraphs: Jackson was born in Birmingham, England.

paragraphs: In August 1949, at 17 years of age, Jackson was signed-up for the amateur team West Bromwich Albion F.C.. Three years later, he stopped his playing career to join the British Army. In June 1954, he trained with the Aston Villa F.C.. On 1 October of the same year he signed professionally by Hednesford Town F.C. for the next two years.

paragraphs: In 1956, Aston Villa F.C. took their services, eventually winning the FA Cup a year later. He later played for Millwall F.C. for another two seasons. Finally in 1961, he moved to Rugby Town F.C. for the next five seasons, retiring as a player in May 1966 at 34 years of age.


title: Geoffrey Bayldon

paragraphs: Geoffrey Bayldon (7 January 1924 – 10 May 2017) was a British actor. He is known for having the lead role in "Catweazle" (1970–72). Bayldon denied the role of both the First and Second Doctors in the long-running BBC science fiction television series "Doctor Who". He was born in Leeds, West Riding of Yorkshire.

paragraphs: Bayldon died on 10 May 2017 in London at the age of 93. His partner of many years, fellow actor Alan Rowe, predeceased him in 2000.


title: Junk (ship)

paragraphs: A junk is an ancient Chinese sailing vessel/ship design. It is still in use today. Junks were created during the Song Dynasty (960-1129) They were used during the 2nd century. They were found throughout South East Asia and India. They were mostly found in China and most famously in Hong Kong.


title: Livermore, California

paragraphs: Livermore, California is a city in Alameda County, California. It is near San Francisco. It has 82,039 people.


title: Franz Kober

paragraphs: Franz Josef Kober (born April 15, 1956) is a German engineer.

paragraphs: He studied at Munich University of Applied Sciences. In 1995 he became a managing director and owner of Ernemann. Together with Reinhold Hampf, he founded the company "Cine Project".


title: Helen Gahagan Douglas

paragraphs: Helen Gahagan Douglas (November 25, 1900 – June 28, 1980) was an American actress and politician. She was the third woman and first Democratic woman elected to Congress from California.

paragraphs: Her election made California one of the first two states to elect female members to the House from both parties.

paragraphs: Gahagan died on in New York City, New York from breast cancer and lung cancer, aged 79.


title: Henry Moseley

paragraphs: Moseley worked on many theories about the atomic number. This soon became known as Moseley's law in X-ray spectra. Moseley's Law helped prove many ideas in chemistry by organizing the chemical elements of the periodic table of the elements in a quite logical order based on their physics.

paragraphs: Moseley was shot and killed during the Battle of Gallipoli on 10 August 1915, at the age of 27. Some people say that he could have won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1916 if he was never killed.


title: Philip Barry

paragraphs: Philip James Quinn Barry (June 18, 1896 – December 3, 1949) was an American dramatist. He is best known for his plays "Holiday" (1928) and "The Philadelphia Story" (1939). He was born in Rochester, New York.

paragraphs: Barry died from a heart attack in New York City, New York, aged 53.


title: Fargo (TV series)

paragraphs: Fargo is an American anthology crime drama television series. It is set mostly in Bemidji, Minnesota. Other locations shown are Duluth, Minnesota and Fargo, North Dakota. It is based on the 1996 movie of the same name. It premiered on April 15, 2014.

paragraphs: The show was announced in 2012 by FX. The production for the series began in the fall of 2013 with filming taking place in and around Calgary, Alberta. On July 21, 2014, FX renewed "Fargo" for a ten-episode second season, which premiered in October 2015. A third season premiered in April 2017.

paragraphs: In January 2006, Lorne Malvo (Billy Bob Thornton) passes through Bemidji, Minnesota and influences the community with his malice, violence and deception, including put-upon insurance salesman Lester Nygaard (Martin Freeman). Meanwhile, Deputy Molly Solverson (Allison Tolman) and Duluth police officer Gus Grimly (Colin Hanks) team up to solve a series of murders they believe may be linked to Malvo and Nygaard.

paragraphs: The season takes place in 1979 in Sioux Falls, South Dakota and Luverne, Minnesota. It features state police officer Lou Solverson (Patrick Wilson), who has just returned from Vietnam, investigating a crime involving a local gang, Mob syndicate and being assign to protect then-Republican presidential candidate Ronald Reagan during his campaign stop in Fargo.


title: Tony Sale

paragraphs: Anthony Edgar "Tony" Sale, FBCS (30 January 1931 – 28 August 2011) was an English electronic engineer, computer programmer, computer hardware engineer, and historian of computing. He helped create the Colossus computer replica at The National Museum of Computing at Bletchley Park in England. It was completed in 2007.


title: Ignatius Zakka I Iwas

paragraphs: Ignatius Zakka I Iwas (, , ', born Sanharib Iwas; 21 April 1933 – 21 March 2014) was an Iraqi Christian religious leader. He was the 122nd Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch and All the East from 1980 until his death. He was also Supreme Head of the Universal Syriac Orthodox Church. He was born in Mosul, Iraq.

paragraphs: Iwas died after a long illness on 21 March 2014 at a hospital in Kiel, Germany. He was 80.


title: St. George, Utah

paragraphs: St. George, Utah is a city in Washington County, Utah. It is located near Las Vegas and Salt Lake City, between the Utah and Nevada border. It had 72,897 people in 2010.


title: Meatloaf

paragraphs: Meatloaf is a dish of ground meat formed into a loaf shape, mixed with other ingredients, then baked or smoked. Meatloaf is usually made from ground beef, although lamb, pork, veal, venison, and poultry are also used.


title: Bunratty Castle

paragraphs: Bunratty Castle is a castle in Bunratty, near Shannon in Ireland. It was built in the 1400s.


title: Saint Fin Barre's Cathedral

paragraphs: Saint Fin Barre's Cathedral is Church of Ireland cathedral in the city of Cork in Ireland. The current building was finished in 1879.


title: Joseph Bacon Fraser, Jr.

paragraphs: Joseph Bacon "Joe" Fraser, Jr. (January 26, 1926 – March 13, 2014) was an American real estate developer. He was a co-founder of the Sea Pines Company, along with his brother Charles E. Fraser and father General Joseph B. Fraser. He first developed Hilton Head Island into a popular destination. He was born in Hinesville, Georgia.

paragraphs: Fraser died from natural causes on March 13, 2014 in Bluffton, South Carolina. He was 80 years old.


title: Jessica Iskandar

paragraphs: Jessica Iskandar (born 29 January 1988) is an Indonesian actress, comedian, singer and model.

paragraphs: Iskandar was a model at John Casablanca. After trying casting in some agencies, she got the role as Kara in the movie "Dealova" in 2005. She also had a small role in the Malaysian movie "Diva" (2007). Currently, she is in a soap opera. She is also in ads. She has been a presenter since March 2011. She played in "Campur-Campur" in ANTV.

paragraphs: Currently Iskandar is studying interior design at Trisakti University, Jakarta. She reportedly did not go to college again after three semesters for career matters.


title: Kari Lehtonen

paragraphs: Kari Lehtonen (born November 16, 1983) is a Finnish ice hockey goaltender. He currently plays for the Dallas Stars of the National Hockey League (NHL).

paragraphs: Before playing in the NHL, Lehtonen played 72 games in the SM-liiga with Jokerit. During his time there, he was able to win the Urpo Ylönen trophy, which is given to the best goalie of the season, as well as the Jari Kurri trophy, the league's playoff MVP award.

paragraphs: He was drafted with the 2nd overall pick by the Atlanta Thrashers in the 2002 NHL Entry Draft. This made him the highest drafted European goaltender and highest Finnish player ever in NHL history. Lehtonen played 4 seasons with the Thrashers before he was traded to the Dallas Stars in exchange for Ivan Vishnevskiy and a 4th round draft pick (Ivan Telegin) on February 9, 2010.


title: Boris Pustyntsev

paragraphs: Boris Pavlovich Pustyntsev (; 2 June 1935 – 4 March 2014) was a Russian human rights activist. He was best known as chairman of the charitable organisation St. Petersburg NGO.

paragraphs: Pustyntsev was born in Vladivostok, Primorsky Krai, then Soviet Union. His father was Pavel Pustyntsev (1910–1977).

paragraphs: Pustyntsev died after a long illness on 4 March 2014 in Saint Petersburg. He was 78.


title: Werner Rackwitz

paragraphs: Werner Rackwitz (3 December 1929 – 14 March 2014) was a German opera director and politician. From 1963 to 1969, he was the Head of Music at the Ministry of Culture of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) and from 1969 to 1981 he was the Deputy Minister of Culture. He was born in Wrocław, Weimar Republic (now Poland).

paragraphs: Rackwitz after a short illness on 14 March 2014 in Berlin, Germany. He was 84 years old.


title: Antoni Opolski

paragraphs: Antoni Opolski (11 June 1913 – 17 March 2014) was a Polish physicist. His field was astronomy and astrophysics. After World War II, he worked at the astronomical observatory of the University of Wrocław. He retired in 1983. He was born in Rozwadów (now Lviv Oblast, Ukraine).

paragraphs: Opolski died from natural causes on 17 March 2014 in Wrocław, Poland. He was 100 years old. His funeral was held on 22 March.


title: St Davids

paragraphs: St Davids, or St David's, (, ,  "David's house"), is the smallest city in United Kingdom, with about 1,841 people living there during the 2011 census. It is also a community called St Davids and the Cathedral Close. It is in Pembrokeshire, Wales on the River Alun. It is where Saint David is buried, who is the patron saint of Wales. St Davids first became a city in the 12th century, but it was removed in 1886. In the UK, the monarch gives or takes away whether a place is a city or not. In 1994, Queen Elizabeth II made St Davids a city again.

paragraphs: In the 6th century, Saint David started a monastery and church on the banks of the River Alun at a place called Glyn Rhosyn (Rose Vale). The area was first called "Mynyw" in Welsh. The Romans called it "Meneva" or "Menevia". The people of the monastery grew food and did other crafts, like beekeeping. They also fed the poor.

paragraphs: The area that grew around the monastery became known in Welsh as "Tyddewi", which means "David's house". In 519, the archbishop of Caerleon was moved to the monastery. "Tyddewi" was renamed "St Davids" in name of the saint who founded the place. The first cathedral that was built was attacked many times by the Vikings, and burned down in 1087. The cathedral that is there now was built by the Normans. Many pilgrims travelled to St Davids because Saint David was from there.


title: Canadian National Railway

paragraphs: The Canadian National Railway Company is a Class I railway. Its headquarters are in Montreal, Quebec. It serves Canada and both the Midwestern and Southern United States. In 2011, Bill Gates was the largest single shareholder of CN stock. CN owns around 20,400 route miles (32,831 km) of track in eight provinces. There is also a 70-mile (113 km) stretch of track into the Northwest Territories, to Hay River on the southern shore of Great Slave Lake.


title: Shekel

paragraphs: A shekel was an ancient currency. It was used in various places in North Africa and in the western Middle East. Nowadays it is the current of the state of Israel, the so-called new shekel.


title: Coronon River I

paragraphs: Coronon River I is a river that runs through Coronon, Davao del Sur.


title: Paul Vallas

paragraphs: Paul Gust Vallas (born June 10, 1953) is an American civil servant and politician. He is a Democrat.

paragraphs: He was the superintendent of many schools across the United States. Some of those schools were located in Philadelphia, New Orleans, Bridgeport, and Cook County.

paragraphs: In 2010, Vallas ran for Governor, but lost the primary. Vallas ran for Lieutenant Governor of Illinois in 2014 with incumbent Governor Pat Quinn, but lost the election to Bruce Rauner and Evelyn Sanguinetti.

paragraphs: Vallas was born in Chicago, Illinois. He studied at Western Illinois University.

paragraphs: In March 2018, Vallas formerly filed to become a candidate in the 2019 Chicago mayoral election against Rahm Emanuel.


title: Richard Wilbur

paragraphs: Richard Purdy Wilbur (March 1, 1921 – October 14, 2017) was an American poet and literary translator. He became the second Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress in 1987. He received the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry two times; in 1957 and again in 1989.

paragraphs: Wilbur was born in New York City, New York. He studied at Amherst College and at Harvard University. He was married to Mary Charlotte Hayes Ward until her death in 2007. They had four children. Wilbur died on October 14, 2017, at a nursing home in Belmont, Massachusetts. He was 96.


title: Ordnance Survey

paragraphs: The Ordnance Survey (OS) is an organisation that creates maps of Great Britain. The OS head office is in Southampton in England. They are an agency of the United Kingdom government.


title: Driver & Vehicle Licensing Agency

paragraphs: The Driver & Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA) is the organisation that holds the registers of drivers and vehicles for Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales). The DVLA head office is in Swansea in Wales. They are an agency of the United Kingdom government.


title: Driver & Vehicle Agency

paragraphs: The Driver & Vehicle Agency (DVA), also known as Driver and Vehicle Licensing Northern Ireland (DVLNI) is the organisation that holds the registers of drivers and vehicles for Northern Ireland. The DVA head office is in Coleraine in Northern Ireland. They are an agency of the Northern Ireland government.


title: Benign neonatal seizures

paragraphs: Benign neonatal seizures are somewhat rare syndromes (medical problems) which cause "seizures" in newborn infants. A seizure is caused by problems in the electrical activity in the brain.

paragraphs: One syndrome is "Benign idiopathic neonatal seizures" (BINS) and the other is "Benign familial neonatal seizures" (BFNS). Both syndromes usually happen in infants in the neonatal period, which is the first 28 days after birth. In most cases, the first seizure happens within the first few days after birth. However, some infants may have their first seizure later in the neonatal period, or even months after the neonatal period. The last seizure usually happens while the infant is still in the neonatal period, but seizures may continue after this time.

paragraphs: A third syndrome called "benign familial neonatal-infantile syndrome" (BFNIS). It may cause the first seizure between the second day upwards to 6 months after birth, and usually stops within the first 12 months.

paragraphs: These syndromes are called ""benign"" because they usually cause no long-term harm to the infant, but there is a greater chance of getting seizures later in life.

paragraphs: In Benign idiopathic neonatal seizures the cause is not known (this is what the word ""idiopathic"" means). In Benign familial neonatal seizures and Benign familial neonatal-infantile seizures, there is a "genetic mutation," which means a change in the genes that an infant gets from their parents. These disorders are inherited (they "run in the family"). This is what the word ""familial"" means.


title: Buddy MacKay

paragraphs: Kenneth Hood "Buddy" MacKay, Jr. (born March 22, 1933) is an American politician and diplomat. He served as Governor of Florida, following the death of then-Governor Lawton Chiles. He served as Governor for less than a month. He is the last Democrat to serve as Governor of Florida.

paragraphs: MacKay was born in Ocala, Florida. His family were citrus farmers. He studied at the University of Florida. MacKay served the United States Air Force. He married Anne Selph in 1960.

paragraphs: MacKay was elected to the Florida House of Representatives in 1968, and to the Florida Senate in 1975. From 1983 to 1989 he served for three terms in the United States House of Representatives.

paragraphs: Controlling the national budget one of his main concerns. In 1988 he received the Democratic nomination for the United States Senate, but lost in a very close race for that office to Connie Mack III.

paragraphs: MacKay won the 1990 Democratic primary for Lieutenant Governor on the ticket headed by former Senator Lawton Chiles. They won the election and were re-elected in 1994. MacKay succeeded Chiles as governor after his sudden death in 1998.

paragraphs: In 1998 MacKay sought to succeed Chiles as Governor, easily winning the Democratic nomination with his full support (Chiles and MacKay were known for their friendly relationship). He was defeated by Republican nominee Jeb Bush.

paragraphs: A few months later, he became governor after Chiles' death. MacKay served as governor for 23 days. During his term as governor, MacKay granted six pardons to female prisoners and tried to fix the Everglades. He appointed Peggy Quince for Florida Supreme Court.

paragraphs: MacKay lives in Tallahassee with his wife. MacKay has four children.


title: Lawton Chiles

paragraphs: Lawton Mainor Chiles, Jr. (April 3, 1930 – December 12, 1998) was an American politician. He was the 41st Governor of Florida from January 8, 1991 until his death in December 12, 1998.

paragraphs: Before he was governor, Chiles was also a United States Senator from Florida serving from January 3, 1979 to January 1989.

paragraphs: Chiles once walked on a 1,003 miles from Key West to Pensacola, so that he can win for election for the United States senate. This earned him the nickname "Walkin' Lawton".

paragraphs: Chiles died on December 12, 1998 in Tallahassee, Florida from a heart attack, aged 68. He was survived by his three children and his wife Rhea.


title: Bob Martinez

paragraphs: Robert "Bob" Martinez (born December 25, 1934) is an American politician. He was the 40th Governor of Florida serving from 1987 to 1991. He was the first person of Spanish ancestry to be elected to the state's top office. Before that, he was the mayor of Tampa from 1979 to 1986.

paragraphs: Martinez also served as the second Director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy from 1991 to 1993.


title: Gary Hart

paragraphs: Gary Hart (born Gary Warren Hartpence; November 28, 1936) is an American politician, lawyer, author, professor and commentator. He was the United States senator of Colorado serving from 1975 through 1987. He ran in the United States presidential elections in 1984 and again in 1988 for the Democratic Party.

paragraphs: Hart was born Garry Warren Hartpence in Ottawa, Kansas.


title: Orangeman's Day

paragraphs: Orangeman's Day is the day that the Battle of the Boyne is commemorated in Northern Ireland. The day is 12 July each year.


title: Burns Night

paragraphs: Burns Night is the day (and night) that the life of Robert Burns is commemorated, particularly in Scotland. Each year it is on Burns' birthday, 25 January. People around the world have Burns Suppers.

paragraphs: At Burns Suppers, Scottish people have many certain traditions as eating haggis and people say poems that have been written by Robert Burns. These consist of To a Mouse, Address to the Haggis and many others. There is always a part in the Burns Supper when boys jokingly make fun of the girls. This is called 'Toast to the Lassies' However, the girls have the last laugh as they do the same to the boys. This is called 'Reply From the Lassies'


title: Marissa Nadler

paragraphs: Marissa Rachael Nadler (born April 5, 1981) is an American folk singer. She released her first album in 2004.

paragraphs: Nadler's first album "Ballads of Living and Dying" was released on Eclipse Records in 2004. It was given a score of 8 out of 10 by "Pitchfork". In 2005 her second album "The Saga of Mayflower May" was released. In 2007 Peacefrog Records released Nadler's third album "Songs III: Bird on the Water". In 2009, Kemado Records released "Little Hells". In 2011 Box of Cedar Records released Nadler's fifth album "Marissa Nadler". In 2012 Nadler's sixth album "The Sister" was released. In 2014 Sacred Bones Records released "July".


title: The Amazing World of Gumball

paragraphs: The Amazing World of Gumball is an British-American animated television series created by Ben Bocquelet for Cartoon Network. It was produced by Cartoon Network Development Studio Europe. It first aired on May 3, 2011

paragraphs: The series is about the life of Gumball Watterson, a 12-year-old light blue cat. Along with his adoptive goldfish brother and best friend Darwin, he almost always finds himself in trouble around the city. His sister Anais is a pink rabbit. His mother, Nicole, is a cat. His father is Richard, a rabbit.

paragraphs: "The Amazing World of Gumball" is the first series to be produced by Cartoon Network Development Studio Europe. It is co-produced with Studio SOI and Great Marlborough Productions.

paragraphs: On June 2, 2014, Cartoon Network announced a fourth and fifth season.

paragraphs: The additional characters in Hebrew the voices are Saar Badishi, Eli Lulai, Yuval Segal and Dan Kieser

paragraphs: Sarah Ice cream : It's Ice cream female .

paragraphs: The Animatied Series The Amazing World of Gumball Promo on Hebrew on 2012 to 2016


title: Wes Anderson

paragraphs: Wesley Wales "Wes" Anderson (born May 1, 1969) is an American movie director and screenwriter.

paragraphs: Wes Anderson in 2015 he designed the Prada Cafè Bar Luce of Milano for the Italian luxury company Prada, as it was in a fifties years film to recall the iconic design of Milan's design palaces of that era.

paragraphs: He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for "The Royal Tenenbaums" in 2001 and "Moonrise Kingdom" in 2012, and for the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature for "Fantastic Mr. Fox" in 2009.


title: Bolu

paragraphs: Bolu is a city in northern Turkey. The city is in the Karadeniz Region. In 2013, 174,687 people lived there.


title: Siirt

paragraphs: Siirt is a city in southeastern Turkey. The city is in the Southeastern Anatolia Region. In 2013, 147,323 people lived there.


title: Şanlıurfa

paragraphs: Şanlıurfa is a city in southeastern Turkey. The city is in the Southeastern Anatolia Region. In 2013, 1,801,980 people lived there.


title: Konya

paragraphs: Konya is a city in Turkey. The city is in the Central Anatolia Region. There was 2,079,225 people living there in 2013