title: Stan Lee

paragraphs: Stan Lee (born Stanley Martin Lieber ; December 28, 1922 – November 12, 2018) was an American comic book writer, editor, and publisher. Lee was known for being Marvel Comics' lead creative leader for almost 21 years.

paragraphs: With his work alongside co-writer/artists Jack Kirby and Steve Ditko, he co-created many popular fictional characters, including superheroes Spider-Man, the X-Men, Iron Man, Thor, the Hulk, the Fantastic Four, Black Panther, Daredevil, Doctor Strange, and Ant-Man.

paragraphs: Following his retirement from Marvel in the 1990s, he remained a public figurehead for the company, and made cameo appearances in movies based on Marvel characters. Meanwhile, he continued independent creative works into his 1990s, until his death in 2018.

paragraphs: Lee was added into the comic book industry's Will Eisner Award Hall of Fame in 1994 and the Jack Kirby Hall of Fame in 1995. He received the NEA's National Medal of Arts in 2008 from President George W. Bush.

paragraphs: Lee was born on December 28, 1922, in Manhattan, New York City, in the apartment of his Romanian-born Jewish immigrant parents. His parents were Celia ("née" Solomon) and Jack Lieber, at the corner of West 98th Street and West End Avenue. His father, trained as a dress cutter, worked only sporadically after the Great Depression, His family moved further uptown in Manhattan, in Washington Heights, Manhattan. Lee had one younger brother named Larry Lieber.

paragraphs: At an early age, Lee was inspired by books and movies, especially those with Errol Flynn playing heroic roles. By the time Lee was in his teens, the family was living in an apartment in The Bronx. Lee described it as "a third-floor apartment facing out back". Lee and his brother shared the bedroom, while their parents slept on a foldout couch.

paragraphs: Lee attended DeWitt Clinton High School in the Bronx. He enjoyed writing, and had dreams of one day writing the "Great American Novel". He said that in his youth he worked such part-time jobs as writing obituaries for newspapers for the National Tuberculosis Center. He delivered sandwiches for the Jack May pharmacy to offices in Rockefeller Center, worked at the Rivoli Theater on Broadway, and sold subscriptions to the "New York Herald Tribune" newspaper. He graduated from high school early in 1939 and joined the WPA Federal Theatre Project.

paragraphs: With the help of his uncle Robbie Solomon, Lee became an assistant in 1939 at the new Timely Comics division of pulp magazine and comic-book publisher Martin Goodman's company. By the 1960s, they would evolve into Marvel Comics.

paragraphs: His first role in the comics were, as Lee described in 2009: "In those days [the artists] dipped the pen in ink, [so] I had to make sure the inkwells were filled...I went down and got them their lunch, I did proofreading, I erased the pencils from the finished pages for them". Lee made his comic-book debut with the text filler "Captain America Foils the Traitor's Revenge" in "Captain America Comics" #3 (May 1941). This is where he first used the pseudonym Stan Lee, which years later he would become his legal name. Lee later explained that he was so embarrassed that he used a pen name so that nobody would associate his real name with comics when he some day wrote the Great American Novel.

paragraphs: Lee's first superhero co-creation was the Destroyer, in "Mystic Comics" #6 (August 1941). Other characters he co-created during this period, which was called the Golden Age of Comic Books, include Jack Frost and Father Time.

paragraphs: In 1941, Lee, just under 19 years old, became interim editor. He soon became the comic-book division's editor-in-chief, as well as art director for much of that time, until 1972, when he became publisher.

paragraphs: Lee entered the United States Army in early 1942. He was a member of the Signal Corps, repairing telegraph poles and other communications equipment. He was later transferred to the Training Film Division, where he worked writing manuals, training movies, slogans, and cartooning. The army classified Lee as a "playwright", making him one of the nine men in the U.S. Army were given that title. Lee returned from his World War II military service in 1945.

paragraphs: In the mid-1950s, the company was known as Atlas Comics, Lee wrote stories of many genres including romance, Westerns, humour science fiction, medieval adventure, horror and suspense. By the end of the decade, Lee was not happy with his career and thought about quitting the field.

paragraphs: In the late 1950s, DC Comics created the Justice League making comic book superheros more popular. In response, publisher Lee was hired to come up with a new superhero team. Lee's wife, Joan, said that he experiment with stories he liked, since he was planning on changing careers and had nothing to lose.

paragraphs: Lee followed his wife's advice and created a set of heroes with character flaws because many heroes before were seen as nearly perfect beings.

paragraphs: The first superheroes Lee and artist Jack Kirby created together were the Fantastic Four. They became popular which led Lee and Marvel's illustrators to create new heroes. Again working with Kirby, Lee co-created the Hulk, Thor, Iron Man, and the X-Men; with Bill Everett, Daredevil; and with Steve Ditko, Doctor Strange and Marvel's most successful character, Spider-Man. As a result, Lee created a shared universe between the fictional heroes. Lee and Kirby combined several of their newly created characters together into the team title "The Avengers".

paragraphs: Lee's revolution extended beyond the characters and storylines to the way in which comic books engaged the readership and built a sense of community between fans and creators. He introduced the practice of regularly including a credit panel on the splash page of each story, naming not just the writer and penciller but also the inker and letterer. Regular news about Marvel staff members and upcoming storylines was presented on the Bullpen Bulletins page, which (like the letter columns that appeared in each title) was written in a friendly, chatty style. Lee remarked that his goal was for fans to think of the comics creators as friends, and considered it a mark of his success on this front that, at a time when letters to other comics publishers were typically addressed "Dear Editor", letters to Marvel addressed the creators by first name (e.g. "Dear Stan and Jack").

paragraphs: In the 1960s, Lee wrote, drew and edited most of Marvel's series and wrote a monthly column called "Stan's Soapbox". He wrote endless promotional copy, often signing off with his trademark motto, "Excelsior!". Lee would brainstorm a story with the artist and then prepare a short synopsis rather than a full script. Based on the synopsis, the artist would fill the number of pages left by determining and drawing the panel-to-panel storytelling.

paragraphs: After Ditko's left Marvel in 1966, John Romita Sr. became Lee's collaborator on "The Amazing Spider-Man". Within a year, it overtook "Fantastic Four" to become the company's top seller. Lee and Romita's stories focused as much on the social and college lives of the characters as they did on Spider-Man's adventures. The stories talked about issues at the time such as the Vietnam War, political elections, and student activism. Lee created the Black Panther, an African king who would be mainstream comics' first black superhero.

paragraphs: Lee and artist John Buscema created "The Silver Surfer" series in August 1968.

paragraphs: The following year, Lee and Gene Colan created the Falcon, comics' first African-American superhero in "Captain America" #117 (September 1969). Then in 1971, Lee helped change the Comics Code. The U. S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare had asked Lee to write a comic-book story about the dangers of drugs. As a result, Lee created a three-issue story in "The Amazing Spider-Man" #96–98 (cover-dated May–July 1971), in which Peter Parker's best friend becomes addicted to prescription drugs. The Comics Code Authority did not approve of this because the stories depicted drug use. However, Lee had the story published without the seal of approval from the authority. The comics sold well and Marvel had positive reviews for its focus on mature social issues.

paragraphs: Lee supported using comic books to criticize social events about the real world, often talking about racism and bigotry.

paragraphs: In 1972, Lee stopped writing monthly comic books to become publisher. His final issue of "The Amazing Spider-Man" was #110 (July 1972) and his last "Fantastic Four" was #125 (August 1972).

paragraphs: Lee became a public face for Marvel Comics. He made appearances at comic book conventions around America, teaching at colleges and participating in panel discussions. Lee created the Spider-Man newspaper comic strip on January 3, 1977. Lee's final work with Jack Kirby, "The Silver Surfer: The Ultimate Cosmic Experience", was published in 1978. Lee and John Buscema produced the first issue of "The Savage She-Hulk" (February 1980).

paragraphs: Lee moved to California in 1981 to work on Marvel's television and movie properties. Lee was briefly president of the entire company, but soon stepped down to become publisher instead. Lee said that being president of the company was too much about numbers and finance and not enough about the creative process he enjoyed.

paragraphs: Lee stepped away from regular duties at Marvel in the 1990s. He continued to receive an annual salary of $1 million as Chairman Emeritus. In 1998 he and Peter Paul began a new Internet-based superhero creation, production, and marketing studio, Stan Lee Media. After legal issues, Stan Lee Media filed for bankruptcy in February 2001.

paragraphs: Following the success of Fox Studio's 2000 "X-Men" movie and Sony's then-current "Spider-Man" movie, Lee sued Marvel in 2002. He sued company because he believed they failed to pay him the 10% he was due under the terms of his contract for movies featuring the characters he had co-created. They settled in 2005 for an unknown amount of money.

paragraphs: At the 2012 San Diego Comic-Con International, Lee announced his YouTube channel, "Stan Lee's World of Heroes", which airs programs created by Lee, Mark Hamill, Peter David, Adrianne Curry and Bonnie Burton, among others. Lee wrote the book "Zodiac", released in January 2015, with Stuart Moore.

paragraphs: At the 2016 Comic-Con International, Lee introduced his digital graphic novel "Stan Lee's God Woke". The print-book version won the 2017 Independent Publisher Book Awards' Outstanding Books of the Year Independent Voice Award.

paragraphs: Lee was an executive producer on most Marvel movie and television shows beginning with the 1990 direct-to-video "Captain America" movie. He had cameo appearances in many Marvel movies and television shows, especially those within the Marvel Cinematic Universe.

paragraphs: In a 2002, survey of whether he believed in God, he said: "Well, let me put it this way... [Pauses.] No, I'm not going to try to be clever. I really don't know. I just don't know".

paragraphs: From 1945 to 1947, Lee lived in Manhattan. He married Joan Clayton Boocock on December 5, 1947, and in 1949, the couple bought a house on Long Island, living there through 1952. Their daughter Joan Celia "J. C." Lee was born in 1950. Another child, daughter Jan Lee, died three days after delivery in 1953.

paragraphs: Lee lived in the Long Island town of Hewlett Harbor, New York, from 1952 to 1980. They also owned a condominium in Manhattan from 1975 to 1980. He moved in Los Angeles in 1981, they bought a home in West Hollywood, California.

paragraphs: In September 2012, Lee had surgery to add a pacemaker.

paragraphs: On July 6, 2017, his wife of 69 years, Joan, died of complications from a stroke, aged 95. In April 2018, "The Hollywood Reporter" said that Lee was a victim of elder abuse.

paragraphs: Lee died at the age of 95 at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, California, on November 12, 2018. The cause was respiratory and congestive heart failure. Earlier that year, Lee publicly said that he had pneumonia in February and was rushed to the hospital for worsening conditions at around the same time.


title: Reinhard Heydrich

paragraphs: Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich (7 March 1904, Halle – 4 June 1942, Prague) was a high-ranking Nazi officer in World War II.

paragraphs: In 1922 he joined the Kriegsmarine, the German Navy. In 1931 he was expelled and got a job with the Nazis.

paragraphs: Heydrich became German SS-Obergruppenführer (General) of the "Sicherheitsdienst". He was the head of the RSHA, which included the police and the Gestapo. He was one of those responsible for the Holocaust.

paragraphs: In 1941 Hermann Göring gave Heydrich the order to arrange the "Final Solution". Heydrich was attacked in Prague on 27 May 1942 by two Czech and Slovak soldiers

paragraphs: trained by the British Special Operations Executive (SOE). They had been sent (with a small support team) by the Czechoslovak government-in-exile. Heydrich died a week later in hospital from sepsis caused by the injuries he sustained. Afterwards the Germans killed the male population of the village Lidice, because the Germans accused that the people in the village helped the assasins.


title: Bruno Loerzer

paragraphs: Bruno Loerzer (January 22, 1891 in Berlin - August 23, 1960 in Hamburg) was an officer in the German air force during World War I and Luftwaffe during World War II. He was a friend of Hermann Göring.

paragraphs: He was awarded various medals, including the Pour le Mérite and the Iron Cross.


title: Pour le Mérite

paragraphs: The Pour le Mérite, was an medal during World War I and is also known as the Blue Max (). It was the Kingdom of Prussia's highest military order until the end of World War I.


title: Berchtesgaden

paragraphs: Berchtesgaden () is a municipality in the German Bavarian Alps. It is found in the south district of Berchtesgadener Land in Bavaria, near the border to Austria. It lies north of the Nationalpark Berchtesgaden.


title: Condor Legion

paragraphs: The Condor Legion () was a unit of volunteers from the German Air Force ("Luftwaffe"). This group served during the Spanish Civil War of July 1936 to March 1939. Hugo Sperrle commanded the aircraft units of the Condor Legion and Wilhelm Ritter von Thoma commanded the non-aircraft units.


title: Test (wrestler)

paragraphs: Andrew James Robert Patrick Martin (March 17, 1975 – March 17, 2009) was a Canadian professional wrestler. He was best known for his appearances with the World Wrestling Federation (later World Wrestling Entertainment) under the ring name Test. He last worked for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) as "The Punisher" Andrew Martin.

paragraphs: While in the WWF/E Martin was a former European, Hardcore, and Intercontinental champion. In addition to singles success, Martin has won both the WCW Tag Team Championship and World Tag Team Championship with Booker T.

paragraphs: On March 13, 2009, Martin was found dead in his Tampa, Florida home 4 days before his 34th birthday. He is believed to have died the day before. It was ruled that his death was from an accidental overdose of oxycodone.


title: Yo La Tengo

paragraphs: Yo La Tengo is an American rock band. They formed in 1984. They play on the radio station WFMU in Jersey City, New Jersey.


title: Anise

paragraphs: Anise ("Pimpinella anisum"), also anís and aniseed is a flowering plant in the family Apiaceae native to the eastern Mediterranean region and southwest Asia known for its flavor that resembles liquorice, fennel, and tarragon.

paragraphs: Anise was used to make the spiced wine, claret, in the Middle Ages.


title: 7066 Nessus

paragraphs: 7066 Nessus is a centaur (a type of icy planetoid) that was found by David L. Rabinowitz, working with Spacewatch, at Kitt Peak on 26 April, 1993. It was the second centaur found by him (5145 Pholus being his first), and the third centaur to be found (2060 Chiron was the first). It was officially announced on May 13, 1993 in IAUC 5789 with designation .

paragraphs: Nessus finishes one orbit around the Sun in 122.4 years, an eccentricity of 0.52 and an inclination to the ecliptic of 15.6 degrees. At perihelion (closest approach to the Sun), it moves closer to the Sun than Uranus, while at aphelion (farthest approach to the Sun) it goes even farther thanNeptune.

paragraphs: The orbits of centaurs change from time to time because of interactions with the giant planets. Nessus is thought to have a fairly long orbital half-life of about 4.9 Myr.


title: Kibbutz

paragraphs: A kibbutz (, plural kibbutzim) is a type of farming settlement in modern Israel. In a kibbutz, everyone shares the work that is traditionally based on agriculture. The kibbutz is a form of communal living that combines socialism and Zionism. The word means "gathering" or "clustering".


title: Helena Bonham Carter

paragraphs: Helena Bonham Carter (HBC) CBE (born 26 May 1966) is an Oscar-nominated British actress. Bonham Carter made her first appearance on screen in the K.M. Peyton movie, "A Pattern of Roses", before appearing in her first starring role in "Lady Jane". She is known for playing Marla Singer in the movie "Fight Club", Bellatrix Lestrange in "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix", and as Mrs. Lovett in "Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street".

paragraphs: She has done many movies with her former boyfriend Tim Burton, including her roles as Mrs. Lovett in Sweeny Todd, and as the Corpse Bride in the movie "Corpse Bride" along with many others. She also played the evil Red Queen in Tim Burton's movie, "Alice in Wonderland" alongside Johnny Depp.

paragraphs: She was made Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2012 New Year Honours for services to drama.

paragraphs: Helena Bonham Carter was born in Golders Green, London, England.

paragraphs: Her mother, Elena, is a psychotherapist. Her father, Raymond Bonham Carter, was a banker and his maternal grandfather was H. H. Asquith, a former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. Helena Bonham Carter's maternal grandfather, Eduardo Propper de Callejón, was half Spanish and half Jewish. Carter has two brothers: Edward and Thomas. She is a distant cousin of fellow actor, Crispin Bonham-Carter, who played Mr. Bingley in the BBC's production of Pride and Prejudice in 1995. Carter is related to Jane Bonham Carter, the Baroness of Yarnbury.

paragraphs: Carter attended the South Hampstead High School, a girls' school, in Hampstead, London. She later went to Westminster School near the Palace of Westminster. She was rejected from King's College, Cambridge University because they feared she would leave mid-year to follow her acting career. After the rejection, Carter decided to fully concentrate on acting instead of going to school. Carter speaks French fluently.

paragraphs: When Carter was five years old, her mother had a serious mental breakdown, which took her three years to recover from. After recovery, Carter's mother decided to become a psychotherapist. Carter now pays her mother to read scripts and provide her opinion of the characters' psychological motivations. A few years after her mother's recovery, Carter's father became deaf in one ear while on holiday in Greece. He was diagnosed with acoustic neuroma, and underwent an operation to remove a benign tumor. However, the surgery went very wrong; after 9 hours in surgery, Raymond, at 50 years of age, had a stroke that left him half-paralyzed and confined to a wheelchair. With Carter's two older brothers away at college, she alone was left to help her mother deal with issues.

paragraphs: Bonham Carter has not received any formal training in acting. In 1979 she won a national writing contest and used the prize money to pay for her entry into the actors directory 'Spotlight'. She made her first appearance at the age of 16 in a television commercial. She also had a minor part in a TV movie, "A Pattern of Roses" in 1983. Her first starring role was in "Lady Jane" in 1984, which received mix reviews. She played the Queen of England when she was cast as Anne Boleyn in the ITV1 mini-series, "Henry VIII". She was restricted in acting since she was pregnant with her first child at the time of filming.

paragraphs: Her breakthrough performance was in "A Room with a View" in 1985, when she played Lucy Honeychurch. Carter also appeared in episodes of "Miami Vice" as Don Johnson's love interest during the 1986-87 season. She auditioned for the role of Nancy Spungen in "Sid and Nancy" in 1986, but lost the role to Chloe Webb. These early roles led her to be typecast as a "corset queen", and "English rose." She expanded her acting range in more recent movies like "Fight Club", "Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit", and in Tim Burton's "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory", "Corpse Bride", "Big Fish", and "Sweeney Todd".

paragraphs: Bonham Carter played Bellatrix Lestrange in "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix", "Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince", and "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows" parts 1 and 2. She received good reviews as Lestrange, as she was described as a "shining but underused talent." She then played Mrs. Lovett in "Sweeney Todd", which was also released in 2007.

paragraphs: In May of 2006, Bonham Carter launched her own fashion line called, "The Pantaloonies," with swimwear designer Samantha Sage. The first collection is called "Bloomin' Bloomers" and is a Victorian style selection of camisoles, mop caps and bloomers. The two are now working on Pantaloonies customized jeans which Carter describes as "a kind of scrapbook on the bum."

paragraphs: Carter plans to return to the West End with an appearance in "Rubenstein's Kiss." However, the play was delayed because of her busy schedule. The production was set to open in November of 2004 but was postponed. In September 2008, "Wild Target" director, Johnathan Lynn, confirmed that Carter had dropped out of his movie due to filming difficulties. He then went on to say that she had joined the cast of Tim Burton's 2010 movie, "Alice in Wonderland", where she portrayed the Red Queen. In that movie, she starred with actors Johnny Depp, Anne Hathaway, Christopher Lee, and Alan Rickman. Bonham Carter and Hathaway played two dueling sisters, the Red and White Queens.

paragraphs: In early 2009, Bonham Carter was named on of The Times newspaper's top 10 British Actresses of all-time. She appeared on the list with fellow British actresses Julie Andrews, Helen Mirren, Judi Dench, and Audrey Hepburn.

paragraphs: Bonham Carter played well-known author Enid Blyton in the BBC4 TV biography movie, "Enid", showing the author's life. This movie aired on 16 November 2009. Carter starred with Matthew Macfadyen and Denis Lawson.

paragraphs: In October of 2001, Bonham Carter began her current relationship with director Tim Burton. She met Burton while he was engaged to and living with actress Lisa Marie. Bonham Carter and Burton met while filming "Planet of the Apes". Burton tends to cast Bonham Carter in many of his movies. The couple lives in Belsize Park, London, England, in next-door houses with a hallway connecting the two homes. Each house is decorated to fit their own tastes and personality, because they felt the could not live 'together' but did not want to live apart.

paragraphs: They purchased the house when Bonham Carter became pregnant with the couple's first child, a son named Billy Ray Burton, who was born on 4 October 2003. The couple maintain a close relationship with actor Johnny Depp, who also regularly appears in Burton's movies. Depp is Billy Ray's godfather. At the age of 41, Bonham Carter gave birth to the couple's second child, a daughter named Nell Burton, who was born on 15 December 2007 in Central London. Bonham Carter says she named her daughter Nell after all the "Helens" in her family's past.

paragraphs: In 2008, four of her relatives were killed in a safari bus crash in South Africa. She was given indefinite leave from filming "Terminator Salvation", and returned later to complete the rest of the filming. Also in 2008, Carter and Burton both put up their American apartments for sale. The apartments are located in the Greenwich Village in New York City. The apartments were sold for $8.75 million.

paragraphs: In October of 2008, it was released that Bonham Carter had become a patron of the charity, "Action Duchenne" the national charity established to support parents and sufferers of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. She released the statement:

paragraphs: In December of 2008, Bonham Carter used her voice in a MTV domestic violence public service announcement (PSA), reciting a passage about love from the book of Corinthians in the Bible. The 60-second commercial features a troubled couple in a domestic environment. The commercial is silent except for Carter's voice and accompanying music. She recorded her voice in a single take for the ad, which aired on 2 December 2008 on MTV in the UK and Europe as a part of MTV's Staying Alive campaign. MTV will also make the ad available online, and is considering playing it in movie theaters.

paragraphs: In early 2009, Bonham Carter joined fellow actors Ewan McGregor, Kate Winslet, Liam Neeson, Helen Mirren and others, in leaving an imprint of her lips on a card and signing it. The kiss prints, which were featured in the window of Newcastle's Fenwick store, will be auctioned off for a charity.


title: Stadium Juan Carmelo Zerillo

paragraphs: Estadio Juan Carmelo Zerillo is a multi-use stadium in La Plata, Argentina. It was used mostly for the football matches of Club de Gimnasia y Esgrima La Plata until closed by government orders before the beginning of the 2006 "Clausura" tournament. Gimnasia has relocated its own games to the newer Estadio Ciudad de La Plata.

paragraphs: Gimnasia have now secured the full permit required to return, and played their first game back at

paragraphs: El Bosque since 2006 in the final round of Clausura 2008 against Lanus, on Saturday June 21.

paragraphs: The stadium, built in 1924, has a capacity of 31,460 people.


title: Zhuang Wikipedia

paragraphs: Zhuang Wikipedia (壯語維基百科) was established in July 2004. As of March 11, 2009, there were 91 articles in Cuengh.


title: Parallax

paragraphs: Parallax is the perceived change in position of an object seen from two different places.

paragraphs: In astronomy, annual parallax is the only direct way to measure distance to stars outside the solar system.

paragraphs: In essence, parallax is the perceived shifting phenomenon which occurs when an object is viewed from different positions.

paragraphs: It is measured by the angle between two lines of observation. Nearby objects have a larger parallax than more distant objects when observed from identical positions, so parallax can be used to determine distances.

paragraphs: Astronomers use the principle of parallax to measure distances to celestial objects including to the Moon, the Sun, and to stars beyond the Solar System. Here, the term "parallax" is the angle between two sight-lines to the star.

paragraphs: Astronomical measurement of position are taken at different times of the year. Since the Earth's orbit is known exactly, the distance from position 1 to position 2 can be worked out. The angle from the horizon to the object can be measured precisely. This gives a triangle whose baseline and angles are known accurately. From the triangle, the distance is calculated by trigonometry and expressed in parsecs.

paragraphs: The method only fails with objects which are so distant that the earth's orbit is too small to get a large enough parallax angle to measure accurately. This distance is about 100 light-years. Astronomers have invented various ways to solve this problem, though none are so accurate as the parallax method is for relatively nearby objects. This provides a basis for the cosmic distance ladder of techniques to calculate greater distances.

paragraphs: From 1989 to 1993 the Hipparcos satellite took measurements for over 100,000 nearby stars. Gaia (spacecraft) is intended to make similar measurements of about a Billion stars.

paragraphs: Many animals, including humans, have two eyes which provide depth perception; this is called stereopsis. Because the two eyes are at different places on the head, this gives the basis for an automatic sense of distance. We perceive this as a normal 3-D scene.


title: DragonForce

paragraphs: DragonForce is an English power metal band formed in 1999 in London. They are known for fast guitar solos, fantasy-based lyrics, and electronic sounds in their music.

paragraphs: In March 2010, the band have announced the departure of the singer ZP Theart, due to musical disputes. He moved on to form heavy metal group I Am I. After that Mark Hudson joined as new singer and they released a new album The Power Within.

paragraphs: DragonForce was founded in 1999 by singer ZP Theart, bassist Steve Scott, guitarists Sam Totman and Herman Li, drummer Didier Almouzni, and keyboardist Steve Williams. They first called themselves "DragonHeart", but found that a band with this same name already existed. Their song "Through the Fire and Flames" is one of their most famous songs and is featured on the game "" The first song and first single, "Heroes of Our Time", from their album, "Ultra Beatdown", was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Metal Performance on December 3, 2008, and is also in the video game "Skate 2".


title: Herman Li

paragraphs: Herman Li (, Hanyu Pinyin: "Lǐ Kāng Mǐn", born 3 October 1976) is the lead and rhythm guitarist, backing vocalist and producer in the power metal band DragonForce.

paragraphs: He was born in Hong Kong. His interests other than music are computer technology and martial arts. He practices Jiu-Jitsu five days a week. He speaks three languages.

paragraphs: Herman Li has played in many bands, including the black metal band Demoniac.

paragraphs: Li likes video game music and mimics sounds from popular retro games from the late 80s, early-90s arcade, and PC games. He has been known for making several Pac-Man-type noises in the song "Through the Fire and Flames" on "Inhuman Rampage".


title: Sam Totman

paragraphs: Sam Totman (born 26 April 1980, London) is an English musician. He is a guitarist and the main songwriter for the power metal band DragonForce.

paragraphs: He was in the black metal band Demoniac, with his DragonForce guitar partner Herman Li. Sam was usually called Heimdall when he was in Demoniac. Heimdall is the Norse god of vigilance.

paragraphs: Sam has Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, caused by weeks of obsessive videogaming.


title: Vadim Pruzhanov

paragraphs: Vadim Igorevich Pruzhanov (Ukrainian: Вадим Пружанов) (born June 18, 1982 in Chernihiv, Ukraine, Soviet Union) is a musician, and was the keyboardist of the UK power metal band DragonForce until his departure in 2018.

paragraphs: He was born in in Chernihiv Ukraine. He started to learn piano when he was 8 years old, and enrolled in music school.

paragraphs: He was interested in rock music when he was 12 years old, and started to compose.

paragraphs: He met DragonForce members in London in his school days. After that he met Herman Li again at club house, and joined DragonForce. Many songs of DragonForce are composed by him and Herman Li.

paragraphs: He is famous for very fast keyboard playing. Sometimes he plays shoulder keyboard with his tongue or head.

paragraphs: He sticks to making sounds. He doesn't like ordinary sounds such as strings and chorus.


title: Fritz Sauckel

paragraphs: Ernst Friedrich Christoph "Fritz" Sauckel (27 October 1894 – 16 October 1946) was a Nazi war criminal. He organized the systematic enslavement of millions from lands occupied by Nazi Germany. He was General Plenipotentiary for Labour Deployment from 1942 until the end of the war. He was tried and executed.

paragraphs: Sauckel was also honorary Obergruppenführer of the SA.


title: Baldur von Schirach

paragraphs: Baldur Benedikt von Schirach (9 May 1907 – 8 August 1974) was a Nazi youth leader. He was later convicted of being a war criminal. Schirach was the head of the "Hitler-Jugend" (HJ, Hitler Youth), Gauleiter and Reichsstatthalter ("Reich Governor") of Vienna.


title: Audacity

paragraphs: Audacity is a digital audio editor (a computer program used to change sounds) and recording program. Audacity is cross-platform and can be used with Windows, OS X, Linux, and BSD. It is free software. Audacity was first released on May 28, 2000.


title: Sophora macnabiana

paragraphs: Sophora macnabiana is the scientific name derived from "Edwardsia macnabiana", a tree formerly described from cultivated material

paragraphs: Indeed it is suitable for gardens, with showy flowers, numerous leaflets and tender pods.

paragraphs: Native from central Chile, and Gough Island, also disseminated as ornamental in New Zealand, where challenges with "S.tetraptera", the local Large-leaved Kowhai.


title: Audrey Hepburn (semi-postal)

paragraphs: The Audrey Hepburn semi-postal was a semi-postal postage stamp issued in Germany in 2001 and showing Audrey Hepburn. It was forbidden by the family of the actress.

paragraphs: The Deutsche Post ("German Post") authorities changed the stamp for one depicting a film roll. The complete series included other famous actors such as Charlie Chaplin, Marilyn Monroe, Greta Garbo and Jean Gabin.


title: The Trolleybus Museum at Sandtoft

paragraphs: The Trolleybus Museum at Sandtoft is a transport museum that has old trolleybuses. It is near to the village of Sandtoft, near Belton on the Isle of Axholme in the English county of Lincolnshire.


title: The Fox and the Hound (book)

paragraphs: The Fox and the Hound is a 1967 book by Daniel Pratt Mannix IV. It is about the lives of two canines, a hound dog named Copper and a red fox named Tod. The book is Mannix's best-known work, and was later made into a movie of the same name from Walt Disney Productions.

paragraphs: The book follows Tod from his first contact with humans as a kit and Copper from his first encounter with Tod. They are living in a changing world; the wilderness present at the beginning of the book gradually gives way to a more urbanized setting, causing problems for Copper, his Master, and Tod.

paragraphs: It changes between Tod and Copper's point of view. Of the ten chapters in the book, four are from Copper's point of view and six are from Tod's. Both of the animals are presented as smart if not on a level with humans, and the book constantly emphasizes the point that both are creatures who rely on their sense of smell as much as humans rely on sight, particularly Copper.

paragraphs: Copper's chapters focus on his relationship with the Master as he assists him in hunting, mostly for Tod, who killed the Master's new dog, Chief, earlier in the book. Tod's chapters focus on his life as a wild fox, avoiding death both natural and man-made while attempting to father kits.


title: Hodonín

paragraphs: Hodonín is a town in the Czech Republic. About 26,179 people live there (2008). It is located in the South-East of the historical region Moravia. It was founded in the 11th century. It lies on the border with Slovakia.


title: BREL

paragraphs: BREL stands for British Rail Engineering Limited, which was the engineering division for British Rail until the design and building trains in the United Kingdom went private.

paragraphs: They made trains like the British Rail Class 210 diesel multiple unit and the experimental Advanced Passenger Train (APT) tilting High Speed Train during the 1970s and early 1980s.


title: Gene Roddenberry

paragraphs: Eugene Wesley "Gene" Roddenberry (August 19, 1921 – October 24, 1991) was an American screenwriter and producer. He is best known as the creator of "Star Trek", an American sci-fi series. He was sometimes called the "Great Bird of the Galaxy" because he helped start Star Trek. He was one of the first people to have his ashes "buried" in space.

paragraphs: Gene Roddenberry was born in El Paso, Texas in 1921. His parents were Eugene Edward Roddenberry and Caroline Glen. He grew up in Los Angeles, California, where his father worked in the police. He became interested in engineering and got a pilot's license. In 1941, he joined the United States Army Air Force. He flew many combat missions as a bomber pilot and was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross and Air Medal.

paragraphs: After he left the military, he became an airline pilot with Pan American World Airways. He then stopped flying in 1949 so he could write television shows. While writing he also worked in the police so he could provide for (look after) his family. In 1956, he quit his job as a policeman to write full time.

paragraphs: Roddenberry was married twice and had three children. He married Eileen Rexroat first, and they were married for 27 years. They had two daughters, Darlene (1947-1995) and Dawn (1953-). In the 1960s, he also started romantically seeing Nichelle Nichols and Majel Barrett (1932-2008). He divorced Rexroat and married Barrett in Japan in a traditional Shinto ceremony on August 6, 1969. They had a son, Eugene Wesley, Jr. Roddenberry's marriage to Barrett lasted until his death in 1991.

paragraphs: He died in 1991 of heart failure. He was 70 years old. In 1992, some of his ashes were sent into space on board the Space Shuttle Columbia. In 2012, some more of his ashes will be sent into space with his wife Majel's ashes.


title: Pure mathematics

paragraphs: Pure mathematics is a field of mathematics. Other fields of mathematics are driven and motivated by applications, they can be used to solve "real-world" problems, for example in physics or engineering. In contrast, pure mathematics studies abstract ideas or it tries to make proofs more beautiful or easier to understand.


title: Venus, Romania

paragraphs: Venus is a resort in Romania on the coast of the Black Sea. It is about 3 kilometers north of Mangalia.


title: Kung-fu

paragraphs: Kung-fu or gongfu or gung fu () is a term often used by speakers of the English language to refer to Chinese martial arts. It is the art of self-defence and fighting, including without any weapons, as developed in ancient China.

paragraphs: In Chinese, "kung fu" means "hard work", and it´s not only used for martial arts.


title: Cohesion (chemistry)

paragraphs: Cohesion or cohesive attraction or cohesive force is a physical property of an object. It happens because of intermolecular attraction between like-molecules.

paragraphs: Cohesion holds hydrogen bonds together to create surface tension on water. Since water is attracted to other molecules, adhesive forces pull the water toward other molecules.


title: Dave Mackintosh

paragraphs: Dave "Compact Dynamo" Mackintosh is the drummer and backup vocalist for the band DragonForce. The band changed their genre to 'Extreme Power Metal' after Dave started playing in the band. Dave does extreme metal drumming in DragonForce's music, such as blast beats.


title: Frédéric Leclercq

paragraphs: Frédéric Alexandre Leclercq (born June 23, 1978 in France) is the bassist for power metal band DragonForce and plays in his own band, Maladaptive, where he sings and plays guitar. He can play bass, guitar, keyboards, and can sing. He is a session musician for many other bands and is also a former member of the French power metal band Heavenly and played several shows with Carnival in Coal in 2006.

paragraphs: According to his profile on Dragonforce.com, Leclercq can speak "French, English, German, and some dirty words in almost every language."


title: Valley of the Damned

paragraphs: Valley of the Damned is DragonForce's first album. It was released on 25 February, 2003.


title: Sonic Firestorm

paragraphs: Sonic Firestorm is the second studio album by English power metal band DragonForce released through on May 11, 2004.

paragraphs: All songs arranged by Sam Totman, Herman Li, Vadim Pruzhanov, ZP Theart, and Adrian Lambert.


title: Inhuman Rampage

paragraphs: Inhuman Rampage is the third studio album by English power metal band DragonForce. The album was released on 9 January 2006, and 20 June 2006 in North America. It is the first album with Frédéric Leclercq on bass. An inhuman rampage can also be just something that is not a human, or a human that is not really acting like a human, going on a rampage, which basically just means they are going crazy and messing a lot of stuff up.

paragraphs: All songs arranged by Herman Li, Sam Totman, ZP Theart and Vadim Pruzhanov.


title: Bavand dynasty

paragraphs: The Bavand dynasty (in Mazandarani: "Bävendiyun") was an Iranian dynasty that began in the early 7th century. Its rulers reigned for about 700 years over Tabaristan, on the southern shore of the Caspian Sea. The name of the dynasty comes from Bäv (also known as Farrukhzad), who ruled from 651 to 665. He was from the House of Ispahbudhan, a noble Parthian family which served the Sasanian Empire. The Bavandid rulers were originally Zoroastrian, but they later converted to Islam during the reign of Qarin I.

paragraphs: The Kayusiyya are named after Kawus, the son of the Sasanian ruler Kavadh I. It was founded by Bav (Farrukhzad), who repelled the Muslim Arabs from Tabaristan and ruled until he was murdered by the Karenid Valash in 665.


title: Dyson sphere

paragraphs: A Dyson sphere is an idea about a structure that surrounds a star, first thought up by physicist Freeman Dyson, and then used in some science fiction works.

paragraphs: The idea of the Dyson sphere was the result of a thought experiment. Dyson noted that civilizations constantly increased their need for energy. He reasoned that as human civilization went on, there would come a time when it demanded more energy than the Earth could provide.

paragraphs: He proposed a system of structures designed to intercept and collect all energy produced by the Sun. Dyson's proposal did not detail how such a system would be constructed. His 1960 paper "Search for artificial stellar sources of infra-red radiation", in the journal "Science", was the first to present the concept of the Dyson sphere.

paragraphs: There are at least three types of Dyson spheres:


title: Summerlee Heritage Park

paragraphs: Summerlee Heritage Park is an industrial museum in Coatbridge, North Lanarkshire, Scotland. It has won several awards. It was built on the old Summerlee ironworks. It also uses the main workshop of the old Hyrdocon Crane factory.

paragraphs: The museum closed in 2006 for a £10Million refurbishment. It re-opened in 2008.

paragraphs: The old main hall has been re-built. The museum tries to show Lanarkshire's contribution to engineering. There are interactive displays and a children's "Discovery Zone".

paragraphs: The museum also displays several railway steam locomotives, preserved carriages from a 1960s era Glasgow "Blue Train" and has a short working tramline.


title: Concert of Europe

paragraphs: The Concert of Europe was a group of countries in Europe who worked together and agreed on policies to maintain a steady balance of power which included alliances between the great powers in 1814 and 1914. The member countries were the United Kingdom, Austria, Russia, France (from 1815), Prussia (Germany from 1871) and Italy (from 1871).

paragraphs: It started as a quadruple alliance. After Napoleon, ruler of France, was no longer in power, France joined the Concert of Europe. Its importance diminished with the revolutions of 1848 and subsequent wars between the big powers. Otto von Bismarck re-established the Concert of Europe after the unifications of Germany and Italy. The Concert definitively collapsed with World War I.

paragraphs: The Concert was also known as the Congress System, where leaders would meet and reach decisions by mutual agreement.


title: Freital

paragraphs: Freital is the biggest town in the Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge district, in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It is situated on the small river Weißeritz, 8 km southwest of Dresden.


title: Riesa

paragraphs: Riesa is a town in the district of Meißen in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It is located at the river Elbe, about 40 km northwest of the Saxony capital Dresden.


title: Glow fuel

paragraphs: Glow fuel is a term used to tell about fuel used for model airplanes, helicopters, cars and boats. Glow fuel can be burned by very simple two-stroke engines or by four-stroke engines. Engines like this provide lots of power in a small size.

paragraphs: Sometimes, glow fuel is called nitro or just model fuel. Some model fuel has only a little bit of nitro, but some fuel has none at all. It is called "FAI fuel." "FAI" stands for Fédération Aéronautique Internationale. They say that models used in racing or other competition under their rules may not have any nitro in their mix.

paragraphs: Glow fuel is mostly made of methanol, nitromethane and oil.

paragraphs: Methanol is the main ingredient. It provides most of the fuel's ability to burn. In order to burn the glow fuel, a glow engine must have a glow plug. The glow plug burns very hot as the engine runs because of a catalytic reaction with the methanol. Since the engines turn very fast, a phenomenon known as thermal inertia helps to keep the plug glowing as the engine runs. A small amount of electricity is used to cause the glow plug to glow as the engine is started. Once the engine is running, the electricity is disconnected.

paragraphs: Nitromethane is added to the fuel for more power and to make the engine easier to tune. Nitromethane contains less energy than the same amount of methanol, but it requires less oxygen. This means that more of it can be put into an engine during each turn of the engine. This leads to more power.

paragraphs: Fuel for most model planes, boats and helicopters has 5% to 15% nitromethane. For use in race cars, the nitromethane can be from 30% to as much as 65%.

paragraphs: Nitromethane is hard to get in some countries since it is known as an explosive. In these countries, glow fuel sometimes has no nitromethane at all.

paragraphs: Since the engine doesn't have its own supply of oil, it's instead added to the fuel to help lubricate the moving parts and to keep them from burning up. The oil can be castor oil or synthetic oils. Some fuels include a mixture of the two. The oils included in glow fuel are not burned by the engine. Instead, the oil comes out of the exhaust. Not only does the oil lubricate the moving parts, but the oil which comes out the engine helps carry away extra heat.

paragraphs: Glow engines should be run slightly "rich." This means that the mix of fuel and air going into the engine has to have a bit more fuel in it than it can burn at once. This unburned fuel and oil help keep the engine cool. After a model has been run, it is coated with a film of oil and must be cleaned. Ordinary window cleaner and a paper towel do a nice job of removing the oil.

paragraphs: Glow fuel is not difficult to make, but some of the ingredients are dangerous in large amounts. Instead, most modelers buy their glow fuel already made. Some very small engines require more oil than larger engines. More oil may be needed in the fuel. The proper oil can be found at a hobby shop. Companies which make glow fuel mix their fuels with the help of computers. This helps each batch of fuel be of the highest quality it can be.


title: Radebeul

paragraphs: Radebeul is a town ("große Kreisstadt") in the district of Meißen in Saxony, Germany, a suburb of Dresden. The Meißen area, where Radebeul is located, is one of the northeasternmost areas where wine is grown today.


title: Limbach-Oberfrohna

paragraphs: Limbach-Oberfrohna is a town in the district of Zwickau in the German Free State of Saxony.


title: Zittau

paragraphs: Zittau (Czech "Žitava", Polish "Żytawa") is a city in the southeast of the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It is close to the border triangle between Germany, Poland and the Czech Republic. It is part of the Görlitz rural district.


title: Glauchau

paragraphs: Glauchau is a town in Saxony, Germany. It is near the river Mulde, 7 miles north of Zwickau and 17 miles west of Chemnitz by rail. It is part of the Zwickau district.


title: Delitzsch

paragraphs: Delitzsch () is a German city in Saxony, near Leipzig. It is part of the rural district of Nordsachsen.


title: Weißwasser

paragraphs: Weißwasser (, ) is a town in Upper Lusatia in the east of Saxony, Germany.

paragraphs: Weißwasser is the third largest town in the Görlitz district after Görlitz and Zittau. The town's landmark is its water tower.


title: Conduit current collection

paragraphs: Conduit current collection is a system of electric current collection used by electric trams. The power supply is in a channel under the roadway, rather than in overhead wires.


title: Metre gauge

paragraphs: Metre gauge is a type of railway track gauge. Railways with a gauge of millimetres are called metre gauge. It is used in many regions across the world, though some railways were upgraded to standard gauge in the 20th century.


title: Leimen

paragraphs: Leimen can be either of the following towns:


title: Leimen, Baden-Württemberg

paragraphs: Leimen is a town in the northwestern part of Baden-Württemberg in Germany. It is the third biggest town of the Rhein-Neckar district. Weinheim and Sinsheim are the two towns that are bigger.


title: Recea, Braşov

paragraphs: Recea is a commune in Braşov County in Romania. As of 2002, almost 3,300 people were living in Recea.


title: Jingisukan

paragraphs: Jingisukan is a mutton dish. It is thought to be first made in Hokkaido, one of Japan’s four major islands, and is most popular on this island.

paragraphs: There are two ways to eat Jingisukan: mutton in sauce, and raw mutton. It is cooked on a special grill. It is usually cooked with many vegetables. For example, bean sprout, onion, carrot, sweet pepper, pumpkin, or cabbage.

paragraphs: The name Jingisukan comes from the famous Mongolian warrior’s name, “Genghis Khan.” This dish was named after him because it is believed to originally come from Mongolia.


title: Kowhai

paragraphs: Kowhai are small, woody legume trees in the genus Sophora. They are native to New Zealand. There are eight species. Kowhai is the common name in Māori language used in New Zealand. In South Island grows "Sophora microphylla", and in the North Island a larger leaflets species, i.e. "S.tetraptera".


title: Ashigaru

paragraphs: Ashigaru is a type of Japanese soldier that began during the Heian Period (794-1185). Their origin is serving as bodyguards to government officials during this period. They became more active over hundreds of years and ended up serving as foot-soldiers for samurai and shogun. Ashigaru became masterless warriors after the beginning of the Edo Period (1603-1868). After the Edo Period, many became police.

paragraphs: Ashigaru are noted for using surprise attacks and group tactics. They wore metal armor, a gauntlet, and a Japanese half-length coat. The armor also had leather and Japanese rice paper. Their weapon was a sword, spear, gun, or bow. Ashigaru also carried a water bottle, tissue paper, and rice.

paragraphs: In the Ōnin War (1467-1477), the ashigaru robbed and looted Kyoto. This gave ashigaru a reputation as bad troops.


title: Genotype

paragraphs: The genotype is the genetic constitution of an organism, mainly its genome. The term is contrasted with the term phenotype, as follows:

paragraphs: The terms were invented by Wilhelm Johanssen to distinguish between inherited and environmentally produced variation. "The distinction was not new. It had, for instance, been discussed by Francis Galton as "nature" vs. "nurture".

paragraphs: The extent to which the genotype influences the phenotype varies hugely. "Some" aspects of the phenotype are almost entirely determined by heredity, such as eye colour and blood types. Human language is an interesting case. The "capacity" to learn and speak a language is entirely inherited, but "which" language is spoken is entirely learnt, and hence is environmental.


title: Nisio Isin

paragraphs: Nisio Isin (Pronounced "NE-shi-oh OH-shin"; born 1981) is a Japanese writer. He was born in Kyoto. He still lives in Kyoto. He generally writes in the style of mystery and light novel. His writing is very popular among teenagers and 20-year-olds. His first published book was, "Kubikiri Saikuru". He won the Mefist Literature Prize for it in 2002. Koudansha Publishing is his primary publisher. The selling slogan for him is, "20 years old in Kyoto. NISIOISIN." He likes traveling and going to bookstores.

paragraphs: Nisio Isin is a palindrome, so it is often written in Roman letters as NISIOISIN.


title: Kapok

paragraphs: Ceiba pentandra or the Kapok is a species of tropical trees of the order Malvales and the family Malvaceae (previously separated in the family Bombacaceae), native to Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean, northern South America, and (as the variety "Ceiba pentandra" var. "guineensis") to tropical west Africa.The normal colours are white and pink flowers it takes 4 weeks to grow a bud.

paragraphs: The word is also used for the fibre obtained from its seed pods. The tree is also known as the Java cotton, Java kapok, or ceiba. It is a sacred symbol in Maya mythology.

paragraphs: The tree of life grows to 60–70 m (200–230 ft) tall and has a very substantial trunk up to 3 m (10 ft) in diameter with buttresses.


title: Guatemala national football team

paragraphs: Guatemala national football team is the national football team of Guatemala.


title: Honduras national football team

paragraphs: Honduras national football team is the national football team of Honduras.


title: Mexico national football team

paragraphs: Mexico national football team is the national football team of Mexico.

paragraphs: "Players in bold text are still active with Mexico."


title: Panama national football team

paragraphs: Panama national football team is the national football team of Panama.


paragraphs: Trinidad and Tobago national football team is the national football team of Trinidad and Tobago.


paragraphs: Turks and Caicos Islands national football team is the national football team of Turks and Caicos Islands.


title: United States national soccer team

paragraphs: United States national soccer team is the national soccer team of United States.


title: Argentina national football team

paragraphs: Argentina national football team is the national football team of Argentina. They are nicknamed La Albiceleste (the blue and whites).


title: Bolivia national football team

paragraphs: Bolivia national football team is the national football team of Bolivia.


title: Brazil national football team

paragraphs: Brazil national football team is the national football team of Brazil. It is one of the most successful national teams with five World Cup titles (1958,1962,1970,1994 and 2002). It also has the most World Cup titles, with five.


title: Chile national football team

paragraphs: Chile national football team is the national football team of Chile.


title: Colombia national football team

paragraphs: Colombia national football team is the national football team of Colombia.


title: Ecuador national football team

paragraphs: Ecuador national football team is the national football team of Ecuador.


title: Paraguay national football team

paragraphs: Paraguay national football team is the national football team of Paraguay.


title: Peru national football team

paragraphs: Peru national football team is the national football team of Peru.


title: Uruguay national football team

paragraphs: Uruguay national football team is the national football team of Uruguay. They won the World Cup in 1930 and 1950. Also, they won the Olympics football championship in 1924 and 1928. Recently, Uruguay won the 2011 Copa América, playing against Paraguay in the final.


title: Venezuela national football team

paragraphs: Venezuela national football team is the national football team of Venezuela.


title: Albania national football team

paragraphs: Albania national football team is the national football team of Albania. Although it never played any matches, the Albanian national football team existed before FSHF was created. This is witnessed by the registration of the team in the Balkan Cup tournament of 1929-1931, which started in 1929 (although Albania eventually retired from the competition, before the competition started).[4] FSHF was founded on June 6, 1930, and Albania had to wait 16 years to play its first international match, debuting against Yugoslavia in 1946. In 1932, Albania joined FIFA (during the congress June 12 — June 16) and in 1954, it was one of the founding members of UEFA.


title: Austria national football team

paragraphs: Austria national football team is the national football team of Austria. It is controlled by the Austrian Football Association (German: Österreichischer Fußballbund - ÖFB).

paragraphs: The first official match took place on 12th October 1902 in Vienna when a team from Cisleithanien (Austrian part of the Austrian-Hungary Empire) played versus Hungary. (5:0) The team reached in the 1930s the best time. It was the time of the so-called "Wunderteam" (miracle team) when Austria was one of the leading teams in Europe. The Wunderteam was the first from the continent to defeat Scotland. In 1934 the team was took part in the FIFA world cup for the first time and reached the 4th place. 1936 Austria won the silver medal at the Olympic games in Berlin. Due to the occupation through Germany in 1938 there was no team between 1938 and 1945. The national team was dissolved and the players like Matthias Sindelar became part of the German team.

paragraphs: Soon after the end of the war the Austrian team played their first matches versus Hungary in Budapest. On December 6th, 1945 the first homematch took place in the renovated Praterstadion (now Ernst-Happel-Stadion). France was beaten by 4:1. Soon Austria was as successful as before the war. In 1951 Scotland was beaten in his own stadium by 1:0. Austria was the first team from the continent to do so. The FIFA World cup 1954 was the most successful ever. A legendary match was the quarterfinal against Switzerland which won Austria 7:5. It is still till today the Worldcup match with the most goals scored. Austria reached the semifinals and was beaten by the later world champion Germany by 1:6. The match for the 3rd place was won by 3:1 versus Uruguay. Players like Gerhard Hanappi, Walter Zeman and Ernst Ocwirk were playing in the FIFA world team. A 0:6 versus the Czech team marked the end of Austrias golden periode.

paragraphs: The next years Austria was an average team but surprised through notable wins. On was on 20 October 1965 when Austria won in England 3:2. Austria was the third team to do so. In the same year however Austria failed to qualify for the 1966 World Cup. Also the qualification for 1970 was a failure. The qualification for 1974 was missed after a 1:2 versus Sweden in a decider.

paragraphs: After 20 years Austria could qualify for the 1978 FIFA World Cup. The last match versus Turkey was won 1:0 through a goal by the later team coach Herbert Prohaska. In the tournament Austria won the groupstage. But after two lost matches versus Netherlands and Italy they failed to reach the final round. The last match was versus Germany in Cordoba. Austria won 3:2 through two goals by Hans Krankl and an own goal by Bertie Vogts. In Austria this is a legendary match. In the 1982 World Cup Austria also played. After two matches with wins versus Algeria and Chile a narrow loss against Germany was enough. Germany had to win to promote to the final round. The match ended 1:0 for Germany and especially in Algeria there were manipulation reproaches. After the 1982 Cup a lot of players ended their career, so Austria failed to reach the 1986 FIFA World Cup.

paragraphs: Under coach Josef Hickersberger Austria could qualify for the 1990 World Cup. He called back old players like Herbert Prohaska and mixed them with new players like Andreas Herzog who had only three league matches played before the Championship. After losses versus Italy and Czechoslovakia and a win versus USA they failed in the first round.

paragraphs: Shortly after the World Cup Hickersberger resigned after a 0:1 versus the Faroe Islands in Landskrona, Sweden. On the islands there was no stadium with grass and all the players were pure amateurs. This match was a great disgrace for Austrians team.

paragraphs: The last appearance of an Austrian team in a World Cup tournament was 1998 in France. Austria failed in the qualifing round versus Italy, Chile and Cameroon. As host Austria was qualified for the UEFA Euro 2008 and played versus Poland, Croatia and Germany. After losses versus Germany and Croatia and a draw versus Poland Austria could not qualify for the quarter finals.

paragraphs: Austria failed to qualify for the World Cup 2006 and 2010 and also for the UEFA Euro 2012.


title: Azerbaijan national football team

paragraphs: Azerbaijan national football team is the national football team of Azerbaijan.


title: Belarus national football team

paragraphs: Belarus national football team is the national football team of Belarus.


title: Belgium national football team

paragraphs: Belgium national football team is the national football team of Belgium.


title: Bulgaria national football team

paragraphs: Bulgaria national football team is the national football team of Bulgaria.


title: Croatia national football team

paragraphs: Croatia national football team is the national football team of Croatia. The team reached the final of the 2018 FIFA World Cup, but lost to France 4–2.


title: Cyprus national football team

paragraphs: Cyprus national football team is the national football team of Cyprus.


title: Czech Republic national football team

paragraphs: Czech Republic national football team is the national football team of the Czech Republic.


title: Denmark national football team

paragraphs: Denmark national football team is the national football team of Denmark.


title: Estonia national football team

paragraphs: Estonia national football team is the national football team of Estonia.


title: Faroe Islands national football team

paragraphs: Faroe Islands national football team is the national football team of Faroe Islands.


title: Finland national football team

paragraphs: Finland national football team is the national football team of Finland.


title: North Macedonia national football team

paragraphs: National football team of North Macedonia is the national football team of the Republic of North Macedonia.


title: France national football team

paragraphs: The France national football team is the national football team of France. The team has won the 1998 FIFA World Cup, 2018 FIFA World Cup, UEFA Euro 1984 and UEFA Euro 2000. The team came as second in the 2006 FIFA World Cup. In the 1958 FIFA World Cup and 1986 FIFA World Cup, the team finished in third place. The teams current coach is Didier Deschamps, who took over from Laurent Blanc.


title: Georgia national football team

paragraphs: Georgia national football team is the national football team of Georgia.


title: Greece national football team

paragraphs: Greece national football team is the national football team of Greece. They became European champions in only their second participation in the tournament in 2004. Their best result in the World Cup was in the 2014 FIFA World Cup where they made it to the Round of 16.


title: Hungary national football team

paragraphs: Hungary national football team is the national football team of Hungary.


title: Iceland national football team

paragraphs: Iceland national football team is the national football team of Iceland.

paragraphs: Before 2016, Iceland had never qualified for any major tournament. They got close in 2013, but lost to Croatia in the 2014 FIFA World Cup play-offs.

paragraphs: They qualified for the UEFA Euro 2016 after finishing as runners-up in their qualification group. They went on to finish at 2nd place in their group during the group stage, and went on to face England in the round of 16. Even though they were the obvious underdogs, they beat England 2−1 with goals from Ragnar Sigurðsson and Kolbeinn Sigþórsson. Their momentum ended when they lost to France 5−2 after being down 4−0 at halftime.


paragraphs: Republic of Ireland national football team is the national football team of Republic of Ireland.


title: Italy national football team

paragraphs: Italy national football team is the national football team of Italy. They won the FIFA World Cup 4 times (1934, 1938, 1982, 2006), and the UEFA European Football Championship once (1968).


title: Latvia national football team

paragraphs: Latvia national football team is the national football team of Latvia. They never qualified for the FIFA World Cup, but they did qualify for the UEFA Euro 2004.


title: Lithuania national football team

paragraphs: Lithuania national football team is the national football team of Lithuania.


title: Malta national football team

paragraphs: Malta national football team is the national football team of Malta.


title: Montenegro national football team

paragraphs: Montenegro national football team is the national football team of Montenegro.


title: Netherlands national football team

paragraphs: Netherlands national football team is the national football team of Netherlands.


title: Northern Ireland national football team

paragraphs: Northern Ireland national football team is the national football team of Northern Ireland.


title: Norway national football team

paragraphs: Norway national football team is the national football team of Norway.


title: Poland national football team

paragraphs: Poland national football team is the national football team of Poland.

paragraphs: Poland made it to the quarter-finals of the Euro 2016, their best performance yet.

paragraphs: Poland failed to make it out of the group stage in the 2018 World Cup.


title: Portugal national football team

paragraphs: Portugal national football team is the national football team of Portugal.

paragraphs: They won the European Championship, Euro 2016 in July 2016. Their captain is Cristiano Ronaldo.


title: Romania national football team

paragraphs: Romania national football team is the national football team of Romania.


title: Russia national football team

paragraphs: The Russia national football team is the national football team of Russia.


title: Scotland national football team

paragraphs: Scotland national football team is the national football team of Scotland, currently managed by former Dundee United manager Craig Levein who took over from George Burley on 23rd December 2009.

paragraphs: Scotland has the joint oldest national football team in the world as they played England in the first ever international football match in 1872.

paragraphs: Hampden Park in Glasgow is the home of the Scotland national team and is described by the Scottish Football Association as the "National Stadium". The stadium, which can hold 52,000 people, is one of several stadiums to have used the name. Hampden and its predecessors have hosted international matches since 1878. A record of 149,415 people was set by the Scotland v England match in 1937. Hampden is one of only two Scottish football stadiums to receive a UEFA 5–star rating.

paragraphs: Since the last redevelopment to Hampden was completed in 1999, Scotland have played all but one of their competitive matches there. Only when Celtic Park hosted the first Euro 2008 qualification match against the Faroe Islands. Celtic Park was used because the fixtures were decided by a random draw and Hampden had already been booked for a Robbie Williams concert on the same date.


title: Serbia national football team

paragraphs: The Serbia national football team (Serbian: Фудбалска репрезентација Србије, "Fudbalska reprezentacija Srbije") is the national football team of Serbia.

paragraphs: Both FIFA and UEFA consider the Serbian national team to be the direct successor of the Yugoslavia and Serbia and Montenegro teams.


title: Slovakia national football team

paragraphs: Slovakia national football team is the national football team of Slovakia.


title: Slovenia national football team

paragraphs: Slovenia national football team is the national football team of Slovenia.


title: Spain national football team

paragraphs: Spain national football team (Spanish: "Selección de fútbol de España)" is the national football team of Spain. The current head coach is Luis Enrique. The team is often called "La Roja "("The Red [One]"), "La Furia Roja" ("The Red Fury"), "La Furia Española" ("The Spanish Fury") or just "La Furia" ("The Fury"). The Spanish team became a member of FIFA in 1904, even though the team was made in 1909. Spain had their first match on the 8th of August of 1920 against Denmark. Since the team's creation in 1909, they have been in 13 FIFA World Cups, and 9 UEFA European Football Championships.

paragraphs: Spain are three-time European champions, having won the UEFA Euro 2012, UEFA Euro 2008, and 1964 European Championship. From November 2006 through June 2009 Spain went undefeated for 35 matches, a record shared with Brazil. Spain are one of the eight national teams to have won the FIFA World Cup; they won their first at the 2010 World Cup in South Africa when they defeated the Netherlands 1–0 after extra time. Andrés Iniesta scored the winning goal in the 116th minute.

paragraphs: The team's achievements have led to many commentators and football experts naming them one of the best international sides in football history.


title: Sweden national football team

paragraphs: Sweden national football team is the national football team of Sweden. They made it to 2nd place in the 1958 FIFA World Cup, and the semi-finals in the Euro 1992.


title: Switzerland national football team

paragraphs: Switzerland national football team is the national football team of Switzerland.


title: Ukraine national football team

paragraphs: Ukraine national football team is the national football team of Ukraine.


title: Haiti national football team

paragraphs: Haiti national football team is the national football team of Haiti.


title: Jamaica national football team

paragraphs: Jamaica national football team is the national football team of Jamaica.


title: Guyana national football team

paragraphs: Guyana national football team is the national football team of Guyana.


title: Martinique national football team

paragraphs: Martinique national football team is the national football team of Martinique.


title: Montserrat national football team

paragraphs: Montserrat national football team is the national football team of Montserrat.


paragraphs: Netherlands Antilles national football team was the national football team of Netherlands Antilles. The Netherlands Antilles dissolved into different countries on 10 October 2010.


title: Nicaragua national football team

paragraphs: Nicaragua national football team is the national football team of Nicaragua.


title: Puerto Rico national football team

paragraphs: Puerto Rico national football team is the national football team of Puerto Rico.


paragraphs: Saint Kitts and Nevis national football team is the national football team of Saint Kitts and Nevis.


title: Saint Lucia national football team

paragraphs: Saint Lucia national football team is the national football team of Saint Lucia.

paragraphs: It has appeared in many CONCACAF tournaments and competitions.


title: Saint Martin national football team

paragraphs: Saint-Martin national football team is the national football team of Saint-Martin.


paragraphs: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines national football team is the national football team of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.


title: Sint Maarten national football team

paragraphs: Sint Maarten national football team is the national football team of Sint Maarten.


title: Suriname national football team

paragraphs: Suriname national football team is the national football team of Suriname.


paragraphs: United States Virgin Islands national soccer team is the national soccer team of United States Virgin Islands.


title: Andorra national football team

paragraphs: Andorra national football team is the national football team of Andorra.


paragraphs: Bosnia and Herzegovina national football team is the national football team of Bosnia and Herzegovina.


title: Kazakhstan national football team

paragraphs: Kazakhstan national football team is the national football team of Kazakhstan.


title: Liechtenstein national football team

paragraphs: Liechtenstein national football team is the national football team of Liechtenstein.


title: Luxembourg national football team

paragraphs: Luxembourg national football team is the national football team of Luxembourg.


title: Moldova national football team

paragraphs: Moldova national football team is the national football team of Moldova.


title: San Marino national football team

paragraphs: San Marino national football team is the national football team of San Marino.


title: Angels & Demons

paragraphs: Angels & Demons is a book by American author Dan Brown. This book follows the story of Robert Langdon, the professor who studies about mysterious codes and ancient societies.

paragraphs: The main subject of the book is how Robert Langdon, with the help of the beautiful scientist Vittoria Vetra, search for the container of a dangerous substance named antimatter that would destroy the Vatican city at midnight, and rescue the four cardinals in the day of the Conclave. To find the container and rescue the cardinals, Langdon and Vittoria have to follow the "Path of Illumination", that is marked by sculptures made by a member of illuminati - Bernini, each of them representing one of the elements of science, Earth, Air, Fire and Water. In the end they are able to rescue only 1 cardinal and the antimatter is lifted into the sky where it explodes harmlessly.


title: Antikythera mechanism

paragraphs: The Antikythera mechanism is a mechanical calculator. It was an Ancient Greek analogue computer and orrery. It was discovered in 1902 in a shipwreck off the coast of Antikythera, Greece.

paragraphs: A number of gears worked together, much like they do in a mechanical clock. The device could predict astronomical positions, eclipses, the motions of the sun, the moon and probably some of the planets. This makes it possible to use the device as a calendar. There were three big dials, and three small ones. Used as a calendar the main functions were:

paragraphs: The device was found on a shipwreck, near the island of Antikythera, between the Peloponnese and Crete. Different coins were also found on the wreck. There are coins from Pergamon, dating between 86 BC and 67 BC, and coins from Ephesus, dating between 70 BC and 60 BC. This means that the ship sunk between 70 and 60 BC. This device is the most complex device known in Antiquity. Only in the 14th century did people again have the knowledge to build similar devices.

paragraphs: The device is now on display in the Bronze Collection of the National Archaeological Museum of Athens.

paragraphs: When the mechanism was found, it consisted of corroded metal plates. Before x-rays could be used to show what was "inside", it was very difficult to judge what the mechanism did. Many of the parts that make up the mechanism were lost either during the roughly 2000 years it had laid on the sea floor, or shortly after discovery. Many gears have not "survived" in one piece. None of the scales is complete, and only one indicator survived as a fragment. The Antikythera Research project has produced a reconstruction; it added seven gears that were probably part of the device. There are 35 gears, and seven displays. There are many hints that the device was also used to calculate and show the movement of stars, even though none of the necessary gears or displays have been found.

paragraphs: There were 82 parts in total. With the parts found it is not possible to get the mechanism with all displays and dials fully operational. It is also not possible to know how many parts have been lost. In total, 30 gears were found. One gear is probably part of a planetary display, that has been lost. To make the reconstructed displays work, another eight gears would be necessary, but they have been lost. There are two crown gears, all the other gears found are normal gears (that require a special alignment of the axes). The gear was a primitive one, and the transmission was not uniform. The mechanism was repaired at least once, which shows that it must have been used often.


title: Corned beef

paragraphs: Corned beef is a cut of beef that has been pickled or cured in brine. Corned beef is a common meat in deli sandwiches. Corned beef is eaten by people on Saint Patrick's Day with cabbage.


title: Werdau

paragraphs: Werdau is a town in the German rural district Zwickau. Werdau is a part of the administrative region of Chemnitz in the Free State of Saxony. It is lies on the river Pleiße, 8 km from Zwickau.


title: Annaberg-Buchholz

paragraphs: Annaberg-Buchholz () is a town in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It is located in the "Erzgebirge" and the capital of the rural district Erzgebirgskreis.


paragraphs: The Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport is a UK cabinet position with responsibility for the Department for Culture, Media and Sport. The role was created in 1992 by John Major as Secretary of State for National Heritage. It took on its current title on 14 July 1997. The first to fill the role, David Mellor dubbed it "Minister for Fun".


title: Coswig, Saxony

paragraphs: Coswig () is a town in the district of Meißen, in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It is located about 9 km southeast of Meißen and 13 km northwest of Dresden.


title: Reichenbach im Vogtland

paragraphs: Reichenbach is the largest city in the rural district of Vogtlandkreis in Saxony, Germany.


title: Crimmitschau

paragraphs: Crimmitschau () is a town in the rural district of Zwickau in the Free State of Saxony, Germany.

paragraphs: The first documentation of Crimmitschau is from 1212.


title: Overhead lines

paragraphs: Overhead lines or overhead wires are used to transmit electrical energy to trams, trolleybuses or trains at a distance from the energy supply point. This may be abbreviated to OHL or OHLE for OverHead Line Equipment.


title: HTC

paragraphs: HTC Corporation is a manufacturer of smartphones in Taiwan. It used to be called High Tech Computer Corporation and now is called HTC by lots of people. The company first made smartphones based on Microsoft's Windows Mobile operating system, but in 2009 it started to make smartphones based on Android operating system.

paragraphs: HTC is also a member of the Open Handset Alliance, a group of manufacturers and mobile network operators helping to improve the Android operating system. The HTC Dream, sold by T-Mobile in many countries as the T-Mobile G1, was the first phone to use this.


title: Cesena

paragraphs: Cesena is a city in the region of Emilia-Romagna in Italy. It is the capital of the "Province of Forlì-Cesena". About 95,000 people live in Cesena.

paragraphs: Cesena's industry centers on agriculture, handicrafts, and tourism.


title: Bubblegum

paragraphs: Bubble gum is a popular type of candy that is not eaten, but instead chewed. Before being chewed bubble gum is hard. When it is chewed it is soft. It is called bubble gum, because once soft a person could create a bubble with the gum by blowing air into it. Bubble gum comes in many flavors.

paragraphs: Bubble gum is made with organic latex, a milky fluid produced by a variety of seed plants. Latex is also the principle component of rubber. It has water and sugar in it as well.

paragraphs: Bubble gum was invented in 1928 by Mr. Walter Diemer when he was doing something else. He only had pink food coloring. That is why most bubble gum is pink. His gum was called Dubble Bubble, which was the first bubble gum ever made. Bazooka was the second made bubble gum. Thomas Adams made a kind of bubble gum called Black Jack.

paragraphs: If you accidentally got gum on your hair, one of the easiest and least messy removal options is ice cubes. Place several ice cubes in an ice pack or plastic bag and hold this on the gum-covered hair. The gum should freeze and harden making it easy to break off and remove from the hair.


title: Hay

paragraphs: Hay is grass and other plants that have been cut, dried and collected. It can then be stored in piles (called "hay stacks"), or tied into blocks called "bales". Bales can be round or box shaped (usually called square bales).

paragraphs: Hay is mostly used to feed animals. Some animals that eat hay are horses, cattle, goats, donkeys, and rabbits. Hay is fed when there is not enough pasture or rangeland on which an animal can graze or they can't graze year round. Farmers and ranchers often need to use hay in the winter when grass is not available.

paragraphs: Hay is different than straw. Hay is made from leafy grass and other plants (such as alfalfa) and is good for feeding animals. Straw comes from the stems of cereal grains, and is not very nutritious. Straw is normally used for bedding to keep animals warm and dry.


title: Rangeland

paragraphs: A rangeland is like a pasture. A rangeland can be used for animals to graze on or for whatever the rancher wants.


title: Wolfgang Pauli

paragraphs: Wolfgang Ernst Pauli (25 April 1900 in Vienna – 15 December 1958 in Zurich) was an Austrian-American-Swiss theoretical physicist known for his work on spin theory, and for the discovery of the pauli exclusion principle, which is important for the structure of matter and the whole of chemistry. He was given the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1945.


title: Hanukkah

paragraphs: Hanukkah is a Jewish holiday which celebrates the victory of the Maccabees over the larger Syrian army. It also celebrates a miracle that happened during this time, where just a day's supply of oil allowed the menorah in the rededicated Temple in Jerusalem to remain lit for eight days. Therefore, Jewish people celebrate Hanukkah for eight days. Hanukkah begins on the 25th day of Kislev according to the Hebrew calendar, which on the Gregorian calendar is late November or December. For example, in 2013 it started on November 27. The Hebrew word "" means re"dedication".

paragraphs: The "hanukiah" (or "hanukkah menorah") is a candle holder, an important Hanukkah symbol. It has nine branches. Traditionally, one candle is separated from the rest, usually by being higher than the other eight. On the first night, only one candle is lit, on the right side of the hanukiah. On the second night, a second candle is added, and they are lit from left to right -- but the Hanukkiah is filled from right to left. This continues for all eight nights. The candles are never lit directly - instead, the higher candle, (called a "shamash", meaning "attendant") is lit first, and then used to light the rest of the candles. While the candles are lit, blessings are said over them.

paragraphs: Jewish children often play a game called dreidel. The dreidel is a four-sided spinning top, each side having a Hebrew letter. The four letters (nun, gimel, hey, shin) stand for the Hebrew phrase, "Nes gadol haya shaam," meaning, "A great miracle happened there." In Israel, by contrast, the dreidel reads "Po" instead of "shaam," meaning "here." So in Israel the phrase is, "a great miracle happened here."

paragraphs: Approximately 2,200 years ago, there was a war between the Greeks and the Jews. The Greeks won and forced their culture on the Jews. A group of Jewish people called the Maccabees revolted and liberated Jerusalem. The Maccabees found their Temple defiled. They sought to rededicate it to God, as the Greeks had been worshipping Zeus there. As part of the rededication, they needed to relight the menorah, whose source of fuel was olive oil.

paragraphs: According to the Talmud, the Jewish people only found a single jar of undefiled oil, and that oil was only enough to last a single day. The Jewish people took a leap of faith and relit the menorah. To their surprise, the menorah stayed lit for eight days, which was seven more days than they expected. The Jewish people attributed the surprising amount of time that the oil lasted to God (a miracle).

paragraphs: Hanukkah is an eight-day celebration, and each day commemorates each day that the oil lasted. On each day, a branch of the nine-branch Hanukkah menorah is lit with the "shamash" ("helper" candle), which sits on the middle branch.


title: Markkleeberg

paragraphs: Markkleeberg is a town in the Leipzig district, in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It is situated on the river Pleiße and about 7 km south of Leipzig.


title: Döbeln

paragraphs: Döbeln is a town in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It is part of the rural district Mittelsachsen. Döbeln is on both banks of the river Freiberger Mulde.


title: Morgan County, Indiana

paragraphs: Morgan County is a county found in Indiana, United States. Almost 66,700 people were living in Morgan County as of 2000.


title: Morgan County

paragraphs: Morgan County can be any of the following counties in the United States:


title: Madrid Symphony Orchestra

paragraphs: The Madrid Symphony Orchestra () is an orchestra based in Madrid, the capital of Spain. It was started in 1903.

paragraphs: The orchestra gave its first public concert under the conductor, Alonso Cordelás on 7 February 1904 at the Teatro Real. The next year Enrique Fernández Arbós became conductor of the orchestra, and he stayed with them for more than 30 years. The orchestra played a lot of Spanish music as well as music by composers from other European countries. Some very famous people such as Igor Stravinsky and Richard Strauss conducted the orchestra. The orchestra gave the first performances of famous pieces such as: Falla's "Nights in the Gardens of Spain" (1916) and Prokofiev's Second Violin Concerto (1935).

paragraphs: During the Spanish Civil War it was difficult to keep the concerts going. After the war, in June 1939, Arbós died and many of the musicians had gone into exile because of the rise of the dictator General Francisco Franco. The conductor Enrique Jordá kept the orchestra going until 1945 when the World War II ended.

paragraphs: From 1958 the orchestra often played for comic Spanish operas called zarzuelas. They often travelled through Spain and to Portugal and Latin America giving concerts..

paragraphs: In 1965 a new orchestra, the Orquesta Sinfónica de RTVE, was started. This made things difficult for the Madrid Symphony Orchestra. They had to spend a lot of time playing for the Teatro de la Zarzuela. In the 1970s they made a lot of recordings of zarzuelas and Spanish operas. The recordings were very good, but they did not have much time for orchestral concerts.

paragraphs: After Franco’s death the orchestra became the official orchestra for the Teatro de la Zarzuela. Later, when a new concert hall, the Auditorio Nacional de Música was opened, the orchestra had more opportunity to give orchestra concerts. In 1997, the Orchestra moved out of the Teatro de la Zarzuela and moved to the Teatro Real where they will stay at least until 2009. The orchestra now have an educational plan to help young children listen to music and encourage them to play instruments.

paragraphs: Today the orchestra is conducted by Jesús López Cobos.


title: Spanish Republican government in Exile

paragraphs: The Spanish Republican government in Exile was a group of politicians who went into exile in France when the dictator Francisco Franco took power in Spain after the Spanish Civil War. They wanted to continue the government of the Second Spanish Republic. They hoped that democracy would come back to Spain after World War II, but Franco continued to rule for another 20 years.

paragraphs: After Franco's death in 1975, King Juan Carlos restored democratic government. In 1977 the exiled Republicans decided to accept Juan Carlos as king. The king let the exiled politicians come back to Spain.


title: World Baseball Classic

paragraphs: The World Baseball Classic (WBC) is an international baseball tournament by Major League Baseball and the International Baseball Federation. The first ever WBC was held in 2006 and was won by Japan. The second WBC was held in 2009, and Japan won again. The third WBC will take place in 2013.


title: Sweet potato

paragraphs: The sweet potato ("Ipomoea batatas") is a plant that is a member of the morning glory family, grown for its sweet, edible, tuberous roots. Sweet potatoes contain a lot of fiber and beta-carotene. They are eaten around the world.

paragraphs: Although the sweet potato is not closely related to the common potato, they both share the same name origin. The first Europeans to taste sweet potatoes were members of Christopher Columbus's expedition in 1492. After that, many explorers had discovered a wide variety of local names for different cultivars for the sweet potato. However, the part of the name that remained was the indigenous Taino name of the potato, "batata". The Spanish combined the word "batata" with the Quechua word for potato, "papa", to create the word "patata" for the common potato.

paragraphs: In Argentina, Venezuela, Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic the sweet potato is called "batata". In Mexico, Peru, Chile, Central America, and the Philippines, the sweet potato is known as "camote" (alternatively spelled "kamote" in the Philippines), which comes from the Nahuatl word "camotli".

paragraphs: In Peru, the Quechua name for a type of sweet potato is "kumar", which is very similar to the Polynesian name "kumara" and its regional Oceanic cognates ("kumala", "umala", " 'uala", etc.). This interesting naming pattern has led some scholars to suspect that the Polynesians were very related to native South Americans.

paragraphs: In New Zealand, the most common cultivar is the red (which is actually colored purple) cultivar called "kumara" (spelled "kūmara" in the Māori language), but orange ('Beauregard') and gold cultivars are also available. Kumara is very popular as a roasted food, often served with sour cream and sweet chili sauce. Occasionally, shops in Australia will label New Zealand purple cultivars as "purple sweet potato" to make it appear different from other cultivars. About 95% of Australia's production of sweet potatoes is the orange cultivar named 'Beauregard', originally from North America, known simply as "sweet potato". A reddish-purple cultivar, 'Northern Star', is 4% of production and is sold as "kumara".

paragraphs: In Peru, the use of sweet potatoes dates to 8000 BC.

paragraphs: Sweet potatoes were introduced a food crop in Japan in 1735 and in Korea in 1764.


title: Georgie Henley

paragraphs: Georgina"Georgie" Helen Henley (born 9 July 1995) is an English child actress. She is known for playing Lucy Pevensie in "The Chronicles of Narnia" movie series.

paragraphs: Henley's first acting job was playing Lucy Pevensie in the 2005 movie "", based on the C.S. Lewis novel "The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe". Henley has won the Phoenix Film Critics Society Award for Best Performance by a Youth Female in a Lead or Supporting Role and the Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a Feature Film — Young Actress Age Ten or Younger in 2006.

paragraphs: Henley played Lucy Pevensie again in the 2008 sequel to "The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe", "" and the 2010 sequel "".

paragraphs: Since "The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe" came out, Henley has been in the stage play "Babes in the Wood" at her local theatre group, which ran from 27 January to 4 February 2006. She also played the young Jane Eyre in the 2006 BBC TV show version of "Jane Eyre".

paragraphs: Henley was born on 9 July 1995, to Helen and Mike Henley, and has two older sisters, Rachael and Laura. Rachael played the older version of Lucy Pevensie in "The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe". Henley now lives in Ilkley, West Yorkshire, and attends Bradford Grammar School, where she is a member of the Ilkley Upstagers' Theatre Group

paragraphs: Henley is a supporter of SOS Children's Villages, an international orphan charity that gives homes and mothers to orphaned and abandoned children.


title: Zama, Kanagawa

paragraphs: Zama is a city in Kanagawa, Japan. Camp Zama is a large United States military base in the city.


title: Smyrna, Tennessee

paragraphs: Smyrna is a town of Rutherford County in the state of Tennessee in the United States. About 26,600 people were living in Smyrna as of 2000.


title: Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel

paragraphs: Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel is the sequel to the movie "Alvin and the Chipmunks". It is a live-action/CGI movie. It was first set to be shown in theaters on March 19, 2010, but the date was changed to December 23, 2009. The movie introduces the Chipettes. The movie stars Zachary Levi, David Cross, and Jason Lee and the voices of Justin Long, Matthew Gray Gubler, Jesse McCartney, Amy Poehler, Anna Faris, and Christina Applegate. The movie is being filmed at Woodrow Wilson Classical High School in Long Beach, CA.

paragraphs: In the sequel, Dave makes Alvin, Simon and Theodore go to school, saying that it is "good for them." He does not know that the Chipmunks feel like "Chipmunks Out of Water" because of all the (human) children around. Meanwhile, Ian (after the Chipmunks dealt him a serious blow) is freed from jail and searches the world for animals who can sing and dance. He finds the Chipettes and cannot wait to make them famous and get back at the Chipmunks.

paragraphs: In 2009, Betty Thomas signed on to direct.


title: Adamsville, Tennessee

paragraphs: Adamsville is a town of Hardin and McNairy counties in the state of Tennessee, in the United States. Nearly 2,000 people were living in Adamsville as of 2000.


title: Hollow Rock, Tennessee

paragraphs: Hollow Rock is a town of Carroll County in the state of Tennessee in the United States. Almost 1,000 people were living in Hollow Rock as of 2000.


title: Mount Carmel, Tennessee

paragraphs: Mount Carmel is a town of Hawkins County in the state of Tennessee in the United States. About 5,500 people were living in Mount Carmel as of 2005.


title: New Deal

paragraphs: The New Deal was a series of programs launched by Franklin D. Roosevelt during his presidency. The New Deal was Roosevelt's way to solve the problems caused by the Great Depression, including unemployment and agricultural . The New Deal is often split into two smaller New Deals: the First New Deal and the Second New Deal. During the First Hundred Days of Roosevelt's presidency, Roosevelt and his administration proposed many plans to fix the economy.

paragraphs: Percentage of non-agricultural workers in labor unions, 1930: 11.6%

paragraphs: Percentage of non-agricultural workers in labor unions, 1937: 22.6%

paragraphs: Percentage of non-agricultural workers in labor unions, 1945: 35.5%

paragraphs: Percentage of non-agricultural workers in labor unions, 1999: 13.9%

paragraphs: FERA: Federal Emergency Relief Administration


title: Cashew

paragraphs: The cashew is a tropical tree in the flowering plant. The plant is native to northeastern Brazil. It is now widely grown in tropical climates for its cashew nuts (see below) and cashew apples.

paragraphs: Cashew nuts are a popular snack and food source. Cashews, unlike other oily tree nuts, contain starch to about 10% of their weight. This makes them more effective than other nuts in thickening water-based dishes such as soups, meat stews, and some Indian milk-based desserts. Many southeast Asian and south Asian cuisines use cashews for this unusual characteristic, rather than other nuts.

paragraphs: Because the shell of the cashew nut is toxic, it is removed before it is sold to consumers.


title: Ultra Beatdown

paragraphs: Ultra Beatdown is the fourth studio album by DragonForce, released on August 20, 2008 in Japan and on August 26, 2008 worldwide. It is the last album to feature ZP Theart on vocals before leaving the band.


title: Operation Ground and Pound

paragraphs: "Operation Ground and Pound" is the fourth track of British power metal band DragonForce's third album, "Inhuman Rampage". The track was the second music video to be released by the band. For the video, the song was shortened to 5 minutes.


title: Heroes of Our Time

paragraphs: "Heroes of Our Time" is the first track and first single from British power metal band DragonForce's fourth studio album, "Ultra Beatdown". It was also the first video from the new album, but the song was shortened to about 5 minutes for the video.


title: The Last Journey Home

paragraphs: "The Last Journey Home" is the fifth track and second single from DragonForce's fourth studio album, "Ultra Beatdown". The song was also made into a video, but was shortened to about 5 minutes for it.