title: The End (Beatles song)

paragraphs: "The End" is a song by The Beatles written by Paul McCartney (credited to Lennon/McCartney) for the album "Abbey Road". It was the last song recorded by all four of the Beatles, and is the final song of the medley that dominates side two of the LP version of the album.

paragraphs: McCartney said, "I wanted [the medley] to end with a little meaningful couplet, so I followed the Bard [ Shakespeare ] and wrote a couplet." In his 1980 interview with "Playboy", John Lennon said, "That's Paul again ... He had a line in it, 'And in the end, the love you get is equal to the love you give,' which is a very cosmic, philosophical line. Which again proves that if he wants to, he can think." Lennon misquoted the line slightly; the actual words are, "And, in the end, the love you take/ Is equal to the love you make."

paragraphs: Recording began on July 23, 1969, when the Beatles recorded a one-minute, 20-second master recording that was extended via overdubs to two minutes and five seconds. At this point, the song was called "Ending." The first vocals for the song were added on August 5, more vocals and guitar overdubs were added on August 7, and bass and drums on August 8, the day the "Abbey Road" cover picture was taken. Orchestral overdubs were added August 15, and the closing piano and accompanying vocal on August 18.

paragraphs: All four Beatles have a solo in "The End", including a Ringo Starr drum solo. Starr did not like solos. McCartney, Harrison, and Lennon perform a rotating sequence of three, two-bar guitar solos. The solos begin 53 seconds into the song and end just before the final piano part. Lennon described it in his 1970 interview with "Rolling Stone": "There's a nice little bit I played on "Abbey Road". Paul gave us each a piece, a little break where Paul plays, George plays and I play." The first two bars are played by McCartney, the second two by Harrison, and the third two by Lennon, then the sequence repeats. Each has a style which McCartney felt reflected their personalities: McCartney's playing included string bends similar to his lead guitar work on "Another Girl" from the "Help!" album; Harrison's was melodic with slides yet technically advanced and Lennon's was rhythmic, stinging and had the heaviest distortion. Immediately after Lennon's third solo, the piano chords of the final line "And in the end..." begin. Then the orchestration arrangement takes over with a humming chorus and Harrison playing a final guitar solo that ends the song.

paragraphs: Paul and John's last guitar solos and the drum solo were used in the intro to "Get Back" in the Beatles' Love.

paragraphs: "The End" was at first intended to be the final track on "Abbey Road", but it is followed by "Her Majesty". In the first practice mix, "Her Majesty" followed "Mean Mr. Mustard" (on the released version of the album, "Her Majesty" begins with the excised final chord of "Mean Mr. Mustard"). According to sound engineer John Kurlander, McCartney said, "I don't like 'Her Majesty,' throw it away." Kurlander cut it out, but said, "I'd been told never to throw anything away, so after he left I picked it up off the floor, put about 20 seconds of red leader tape before it, and stuck it onto the end of the edit tape." When McCartney heard "Her Majesty" in its new position he liked it and decided that it should remain on the album.

paragraphs: Richie Unterberger of Allmusic said that "The End" was to be "the group's take on the improvised jamming common to heavy rock of the late '60s, though as usual the Beatles did it with far more economic precision than anyone else." John Mendelsohn of "Rolling Stone" said it was "a perfect epitaph for our visit to the world of Beatle daydreams: "The love you take is equal to the love you make.".


title: History of ancient Israel and Judah

paragraphs: Israel and Judah were Iron Age kingdoms of the old Near East. The area of time covered in this page is from the first mention of the name Israel in the archaeological record (1200 BCE) to the end of a independent Judean kingdom near the time of Jesus Christ.

paragraphs: The two kingdoms arose on the most eastern coast of the Mediterranean, the most western part of the Fertile Crescent, between the old empires of Egypt to the south, Assyria, Babylonia, later Persia to the north and east, Greece and later Rome across the sea to the west. The area is small, maybe only 100 miles north to south and 40 or 50 miles east to west.

paragraphs: Israel and Judah were from the Canaanite culture of the late Bronze Age, and were based on villages that formed and grew in the southern Levant highlands (today for the region between the coastal plain and the Jordan Valley) between c. 1200-1000 BCE. Israel became an important local power in the 9th and 8th centuries BCE before falling to the Assyrians. The southern kingdom, Judah, became rich inside the greater empires of the region before a revolt against Babylon led to it being destroyed early in the 6th century.

paragraphs: Judean exiles returned from Babylon early in the following Persian period, starting a Judahite presence in the province of Yehud, as Judah was now called. Yehud was absorbed into the subsequent Greek-ruled kingdoms which followed the conquests of Alexander the Great. In the 2nd century BC, the Jews went up against Greek rule and created the Hasmonean kingdom, which became first a Roman dependency and soon went under the rule of the Roman Empire.

paragraphs: The eastern Mediterranean seaboard - the Levant - goes 400 miles north to south from the Taurus Mountains to the Sinai desert, and 70 to 100 miles east to west between the sea and the Arabian desert. The coastal area of the southern Levant, large in the south and becoming short to the north, the southernmost part has a zone of foothills, the Shephalah; like the plain this area narrows as it goes northwards, ending at Mount Carmel. East of the plain and the Shephalah is a mountainous ridge, the "hill country of Judah" in the south, the "hill country of Ephraim" north of that, then Galilee and the Lebanon mountains. To the east again lie the steep-sided valley occupied by the Jordan River, the Dead Sea, and the wadi of the Arabah, which continues down to the eastern arm of the Red Sea. Beyond the plateau is the Syrian Desert, separating the Levant from Mesopotamia. To the southwest is Egypt, to the northeast Mesopotamia. "The Levant thus constitutes a narrow corridor whose geographical setting made it a constant area of contention between more powerful entities".

paragraphs: The central and northern part of the Levantine coast was known in Classical times as Phoenicia; the southernmost portion was known to the Egyptians as Canaan, by which they seem to have meant all their Asian possessions. In the bible Canaan can mean all of the land west of the Jordan river, or, more narrowly, the coastal strip. By Classical times the name Canaan had been dropped in favour of "Philistia", "Land of the Philistines", despite the fact that the Philistines had long since disappeared. The modern name "Palestine" is derived from this. Northeast of Canaan/Palestine was Aram, later called Syria after the Assyrians, who had likewise long since vanished.

paragraphs: Settlement during the Late Bronze Age was concentrated in the coastal plain and along major communication routes, with the central hill-country only sparsely inhabited; each city had its own ruler, constantly at odds with his neighbours and appealing to the Egyptians to adjudicate his differences. One of these Canaanite states was Jerusalem: letters from the Egyptian archives indicate that it followed the usual Late Bronze pattern of a small city with surrounding farmlands and villages; unlike most other Late Bronze city-states, there is no indication that it was destroyed at the end of the period.

paragraphs: Canaan in the 13th and early 12th centuries had people of various origins, united by a common socioeconomic system of city-states administered and controlled by Egypt. Egyptian power and the Canaanite city-state system collapsed. From the collapse two new communities emerged in the 12th century BCE, the Israelites in the hill country and the Philistines in the southern part of the coastal plain. The Philistines clearly represent the arrival of a considerable number of outsiders, probably from Cyprus, with their own non-indigenous culture. The Israelites are just as clearly indigenous to Canaan: to take linguistics as just one indicator, Judahite and Israelite Hebrew of the early 1st millennium BCE group with Phoenician, Ammonite, Moabite and Edomite; and within that grouping a "core Canaanite" of Israelite and Phoenician can be distinguished from a "fringe Canaanite" of Judahite, Ammonite, Moabite and Edomite.

paragraphs: The causes of the Bronze Age collapse - which extended throughout the eastern Mediterranean - are obscure. Drought, famine and other stresses may be behind the widespread population movements of the time. Whatever the cause, several important Canaanite cities were destroyed at the end of the Bronze Age (over a period of more than a century), and Canaanite culture was gradually absorbed into that of the Philistines, Phoenicians and Israelites.

paragraphs: The Merneptah stele, erected by an Egyptian pharaoh about 1200 BC, contains the first record of the name Israel: "Israel is laid waste and his seed is not." This Israel, identified as a people, were probably in the northern part of the central highlands. As chaos spread, people went to live in the previously unsettled highlands: surveys have identified more than 300 small settlements, most of them new and the largest with a population of no more than 300, in the Palestinian highlands during Iron Age I. The villages were bigger and more numerous in the northern regions (biblical Manasseh and Ephraim), although no settlements can be described as urban. The total settled population at the beginning of the period was about 20,000, and double this number by the end. Nevertheless, while Iron Age I villages with features such as four-roomed houses, collar-rim store jars, and hewn water-cisterns are counted as Israelite when found in the highlands, it is in fact impossible to differentiate these from Canaanite sites of the same period; nor is it possible to distinguish between Hebrew and Canaanite inscriptions down to the 10th century.

paragraphs: In Iron Age I the highlands lack any sign of centralised authority, or of temples, shrines, or centralised worship in general (although cult-objects associated with the Canaanite god El have been found); almost the sole marker distinguishing the highland "Israelite" villages from Cannanite sites is an absence of pig bones, although whether this can be taken as an ethnic marker or is due to other factors remains a matter of dispute.

paragraphs: The same period saw the rise of the kingdoms of the kingdoms of Aram Damascus and Ammon to the east of the northern hill country, Moab (east of the Dead Sea), and Edom (in the Arabah south of the Dead Sea), in that order.

paragraphs: An inscription of the Egyptian pharaoh Shoshenq I, probably identical with the biblical Shishak, record a series of campaigns apparently directed at the area immediately north of Jerusalem in the second half of the 10th century BCE. About a hundred years later, in the 9th century BCE, the Assyrian king Shalmaneser III names Ahab of Israel among his enemies at the battle of Qarqar (853 BCE), while in the Mesha stele (c.830 BCE) a king of Moab celebrates his success in throwing off the oppression of the "House of Omri" (i.e. Israel). Similarly, the Tel Dan stele tells of the death of a king of Israel, probably Jehoram, at the hands of an Aramaen king about 841 BCE. Excavations at Samaria, the Israelite capital, further reinforce the impression of a powerful, centralised kingdom in the northern highlands during the 9th and 8th centuries. In the second half of the 8th century king Hoshea of Israel revolted against the Assyrians, and was crushed (c.722 BCE). Part of the population was deported, outside settlers were brought in to replace them, and Israel became an Assyrian province.

paragraphs: The first evidence for the existence of an organised kingdom in the southern region comes from the mid 9th century Tel Dan stele, which mentions the death of a king of the "House of David" alongside the king of Israel; the contemporary Mesha stele may also mention the House of David, although the reconstruction which allows this reading is disputed. It is generally assumed that this "House of David" is identical with the biblical dynasty, but the archaeological evidence from surface surveys indicates that during the 10th and 9th centuries Jerusalem was only one of the four large villages in the area, with no sign of primacy over its neighbours. It was only in the last part of the 8th century that Jerusalem experienced a period of rapid growth, achieving a population far greater than at any time before and clear primacy over the surrounding towns. The older scholarly reconstruction of events is that this was due to an influx of refugees from Israel following its conquest by the Assyrians (c.722 BC), but the newer view is that it reflects a cooperative effort between Assyria and the kings of Jerusalem to establish Judah as a pro-Assyrian vassal state exercising control over the valuable olive industry. The sudden collapse of the Assyrian power in the last half of the 7th century led to an unsuccessful bid for independence under king Josiah, followed by the destruction of Jerusalem by Assyria's successor, the neo-Babylonian empire (587/586 BCE).

paragraphs: In 586 BCE, the Babylonians, under king Nebuchadnezzar II captured Jerusalem, destroyed the Temple of Solomon, ended the Davidic kingship, and carried the people into captivity. Only the poorest were left behind in Judah, now the Babylonian province of Yehud with its capital at Mizpah in the former territory of Benjamin, north of Jerusalem. A few years later, again according to the bible, the governor of Yehud was murdered by rivals, triggering another exodus of refugees, this time to Egypt. Thus by about 580 the people of Judah were to be found in three separate locations, the elite in Babylon (where, incidentally, they appear to have been well treated), a large community in Egypt, and a remnant in Judah. The Exile ended when Cyrus the Great of Persia conquered Babylon (traditionally 538 BCE). The Persians reconstituted Judah/Yehud as a province ("Yehud medinata") within the satrapy "Beyond the River", and over the following century some of the exiles returned to Jerusalem. There they eventually rebuilt the Temple (traditionally 516/515 BCE), but for over a century the administrative capital remained at Mizpah. Samaria, meanwhile, continued as the province of Semarina within the same satrapy as Yehud.

paragraphs: In 539 BCE the Persians conquered Babylon and in 537 BCE, inaugurated the Persian period of Jewish history. In 520 BCE Cyrus the Great allowed Jews to return to Judea and rebuild the Temple (completed 515 BCE). He appointed Zerubbabel (the grandson of the second to last Judean king, Jehoiachin) governor, but did not allow the restoration of the kingdom. The influence of Zoroastrianism on monotheism, Judaism, as well as Christianity are still the subject of academic debate.

paragraphs: Without a powerful king, the Temple became more powerful, and priests became the dominant authority. However, the Second Temple had been constructed under a foreign power, and there were lingering questions about its legitimacy. This provided the condition for various sects to develop within Judaism over the coming centuries, each of which claimed to represent "Judaism". Most of these typically discouraged social intercourse, especially marriage, with members of other sects.

paragraphs: The end of the Babylonian Exile saw not only the construction of the Second Temple, but, according to the Documentary Hypothesis, the final version ion of the Torah as well. Although the priests controlled the monarchy and the Temple, scribes and sages (who later became the "rabbis") monopolized the study of the Torah, which (starting from the time of Ezra) was read publicly on market-days. These sages developed and maintained an oral tradition alongside of the Holy Writ, and identified with the prophets. According to Geza Vermes, such scribes were often addressed using a basic term of respect, "lord."

paragraphs: The Hellenistic period began in 332 BCE when Alexander the Great conquered Persia. Upon his death in 323 BCE, his empire was divided among his generals. At first, Judea was ruled by the Egyptian-Hellenic Ptolemies, but in 198 BCE, the Syrian-Hellenic Seleucid Empire, under Antiochus III, seized control over Judea.

paragraphs: The Hellenistic Period saw the canonization of the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible), according to one theory, and the emergence of extra-Biblical sacred traditions. The earliest evidence of a Jewish mysticism tradition surrounds the book of Ezekiel, written during the Babylonian Exile. Virtually all known mystical texts, however, were written at the end of the Second Temple period. Some scholars think the esoteric traditions of the Kabbalah (Jewish mysticism), were influenced by Persian beliefs, Platonic philosophy and Gnosticism.

paragraphs: 2 Esdras 14:45-46, which was written in the second century CE, declares: "Make public the twenty-four books that you wrote first, and let the worthy and the unworthy read them; but keep the seventy that were written last, in order to give them to the wise among your people." This is the first known reference to the canonized Hebrew Bible, and the seventy non-canonical texts may have been mystical; the Talmud suggests other mystical traditions which may have their roots in Second Temple Judaism.

paragraphs: The Near East was cosmopolitan, especially during the Hellenistic period. Several languages were used, and the matter of the "lingua franca" is still subject of some debate. The Jews almost certainly spoke Aramaic among themselves. Greek was often used throughout the entire eastern portion of the Mediterranean. Judaism was rapidly changing, reacting and adapting to a larger political, cultural, and intellectual world, and in turn drawing the interests of non-Jews.

paragraphs: Many Jews lived in the Diaspora, and the Judean provinces of Judea, Samaria, and the Galilee were populated by many Gentiles (who often showed an interest in Judaism). Jews had to live with the values of Hellenism and Hellenistic philosophy, which were often directly at odds with their own values and traditions. Broadly, Hellenistic culture saw itself as a civilizor, bringing civilized values and ways to peoples they thought of as insular or either backwards or degenerate.

paragraphs: For example, Greek-style bath houses were built in sight of the Temple in Jerusalem, for instance, and even in that city the "gymnasium" became a center of social, athletic, and intellectual life. Many Jews, including some of the more aristocratic priests, embraced these institutions, although Jews who did so were often looked down upon due to their circumcision, which Jews saw as the mark of their covenant with God, but which Hellenistic culture viewed as an aesthetic defacement of the body. Consequently, some Jews began to abandon the practice of circumcision (and thus their covenant with God), while others bridled at Greek domination.

paragraphs: At the same time that Jews were confronting the cultural differences at their door, they had to confront a paradox in their own tradition: their Torah laws applied only to them, and to proselytes, but their God, they believed, was the one and only God of all. This situation led to new interpretations of the Torah, some of which were influenced by Hellenic thought and in response to Gentile interest in Judaism. It was in this period that many concepts from early Greek philosophy entered or influenced Judaism, as well as debates and sects within the religion and culture of the time.

paragraphs: In 331 BCE Alexander the Great took over the Persian Empire. Upon his death in 323 BCE his empire crumbled, and the province of Yehud became part of the kingdom of Egypt, ruled by the Ptolemaic dynasty. Ptolemaic rule was mild: Alexandria became the largest Jewish city in the world, and Ptolemy II Philadelphus of Egypt (281-246 BCE) promoted Jewish culture, sponsoring the Septuagint translation of the Torah. This period also saw the beginning of the Pharisees and other Jewish Second Temple parties such as the Sadducees and Essenes. But in the early 2nd century BCE Yehud fell to the Seleucid Syrian ruler Antiochus IV Epiphanes (174-163 BCE), who, in contrast to the tolerance shown by the Ptolemids, attempted complete Hellenization of the Jews. His desecration of the Temple sparked a national rebellion, which ended in the expulsion of the Syrians and the re-consecration of the Temple under the Maccabees

paragraphs: The kingdom established by the Maccabees was a conscious attempt to revive the Judah described in the bible: a Jewish monarchy ruled from Jerusalem and stretching over all the territories once ruled by David and Solomon. In order to carry out this project the Hasmonean kings conquered (and forcibly converted to Judaism) the one-time Moabites, Edomites and Ammonites, as well as the lost kingdom of Israel.

paragraphs: Generally, the Jews accepted foreign rule when they were only required to pay tribute, and otherwise allowed to govern themselves internally. Nevertheless, Jews were divided between those favoring hellenization and those opposing it, and were divided over allegiance to the Ptolemies or Seleucids. When the High Priest Simon II died in 175 BCE, conflict broke out between supporters of his son Onias III (who opposed hellenization, and favored the Ptolemies) and his son Jason (who favored hellenization, and favored the Seleucids). A period of political intrigue followed, with priests such as Menelaus bribing the king to win the High Priesthood, and accusations of murder of competing contenders for the title. The result was a brief civil war.

paragraphs: Huge numbers of Jews flocked to Jason's side, and in 167 BCE the Seleucid king Antiochus IV invaded Judea, entered the Temple, and stripped it of money and ceremonial objects. Jason fled to Egypt, and Antiochus imposed a program of forced hellenization, requiring Jews to abandon their own laws and customs under threat of slaughter. At this point Mattathias and his five sons, John, Eleazar, Simon, Jonathan, and Judah Maccabee, priests of the Hasmon family living in the rural village of Modein (pronounced "Mo-Ah-Dein"), assumed leadership of a bloody and ultimately successful revolt against the Seleucids.

paragraphs: Judah liberated Jerusalem in 165 BCE and restored the Temple. Fighting continued, and Judah and his brother Jonathan were killed. In 141 BCE an assembly of priests and others affirmed Simon as high priest and leader, in effect establishing the Hasmonean dynasty. When Simon was killed in 135 BCE, his son (and Judah's nephew) John Hyrcanus took his place as high priest and king.

paragraphs: After defeating the Seleucid forces, John Hyrcanus established a new monarchy in the form of the priestly Hasmonean dynasty in 152 BCE — thus making priests as political as well as religious authorities. Although the Hasmoneans were popularly seen as heroes and leaders for resisting the Seleucids, some regarded their reign as lacking the religious legitimacy conferred by descent from the Davidic dynasty of the First Temple Era.

paragraphs: The rift between the priests and the sages grew during the Hellenistic period, when the Jews faced new political and cultural struggles. Around this time the Sadducee party emerged as the party of the priests and allied elites (the name "Sadducee" comes from Zadok, the high priest of the first Temple).

paragraphs: The Essenes were another early mystical-religious movement, who are believed to have rejected either the Seleucid appointed high priests, or the Hasmonean high priests, as wrong. But they soon rejected the Second Temple, arguing that the Essene community was itself the new Temple, and that obedience to the law represented a new form of sacrifice.

paragraphs: Although their lack of concern for the Second Temple alienated the Essenes from the great mass of Jews, their notion that the sacred could exist outside of the Temple was shared by another group, the Pharisees ("separatists"), based within the community of scribes and sages. The meaning of the name is unclear, though.

paragraphs: During the Hasmonean period, the Sadducees and Pharisees functioned primarily as political parties (the Essenes not being as politically oriented). The political differences between the Sadducees and Pharisees became evident when Pharisees demanded that the Hasmonean king Alexander Jannai choose between being king and being High Priest in the traditional manner. This demand led to a brief civil war that ended with a bloody repression of the Pharisees, although at his deathbed the king called for a reconciliation between the two parties. Alexander was succeeded by his widow, whose brother was a leading Pharisee. Upon her death her elder son, Hyrcanus II, sought Pharisee support, and her younger son, Aristobulus, sought the support of the Sadducees.

paragraphs: In 64 BCE the Roman general Pompey took over Jerusalem and made the Jewish kingdom a client of Rome. In 57-55 BCE Aulus Gabinius, proconsul of Syria, split it into Galilee, Samaria & Judea, with 5 district Sanhedrin/Synedrion (councils of law). In 40-39 BCE Herod the Great was appointed King of the Jews by the Roman Senate, but in 6 CE his successor, Herod Archelaus, ethnarch of Judea, was deposed by the emperor Augustus and his territories annexed as Iudaea Province under direct Roman administration: this marked the end of Judah as an even theoretically independent kingdom.

paragraphs: Israel and Judah inherited the religion of late first-millennium Canaan, and Canaanite religion in turn had its roots in the religion of second-millennium Ugarit. In the 2nd millennium, polytheism was expressed through the concepts of the divine council and the divine family.


title: Golden Slumbers

paragraphs: "Golden Slumbers" is a song by The Beatles, part of the climactic medley on their 1969 album "Abbey Road". The song begins the progression that leads to the end of the album and is followed by "Carry That Weight." The two songs were recorded together as a single piece, and both were written by Paul McCartney (credited to Lennon/McCartney).

paragraphs: McCartney was the lead vocalist. He begins the song in a soft tone, with piano, bass guitar, and string section accompaniment. Starting with the line "Golden slumbers fill your eyes", the drums come in and McCartney switches to a stronger tone. McCartney said, "I remember trying to get a very strong vocal on it, because it was such a gentle theme, so I worked on the strength of the vocal on it, and ended up quite pleased with it."

paragraphs: The main recording session for "Golden Slumbers"/"Carry That Weight" was on July 2, 1969.

paragraphs: John Lennon was not present. He was injured in a motor vehicle accident in Scotland on July 1, 1969, and was hospitalized there until July 6.

paragraphs: Additional vocals were added in an overdub session on 30 July 1969, the same day the first trial edit of the side two medley was created. Lennon did participate in this session. On 15 August, orchestral overdubs were made to "Golden Slumbers" and five other songs on "Abbey Road".


title: Carry That Weight

paragraphs: "Carry That Weight" is a song by The Beatles. Released on "Abbey Road" and part of the long, climactic medley that closes the album, it has vocals from all four of the Beatles (a rarity in their songs). It is after "Golden Slumbers", and transitions into "The End".

paragraphs: The middle bridge, featuring brass instruments, electric guitar and vocals, repeats the beginning of "You Never Give Me Your Money", but with different lyrics. The ending also repeats the arpeggiated guitar motif from the end of that song, similar to the figure featured in the George Harrison written songs "Here Comes the Sun" and "Badge" (co-written by Harrison and Eric Clapton).

paragraphs: Music critic Ian MacDonald said that the lyrics was an acknowledgment by the group that nothing they would do as solo artists would equal what they had achieved together, and they would always carry the weight of their Beatle past. McCartney said the song was about the Beatles' business difficulties and the atmosphere at Apple at the time. In the film "", Lennon says that McCartney was "singing about all of us."

paragraphs: The Beatles began recording "Golden Slumbers"/"Carry That Weight" as one piece on July 2, 1969. McCartney, Harrison and Starr recorded 15 takes of the two songs while Lennon was in the hospital recovering from a car accident in Scotland.

paragraphs: The rhythm tracks featured McCartney on piano, Harrison on bass guitar and Starr on drums. The best were takes 13 and 15, which were edited together on July 3rd. That day and the next, McCartney overdubbed his lead vocals and rhythm guitar, Harrison added lead guitar, and all three sang the chorus.

paragraphs: On July 30, they added more vocals, including Lennon, who had rejoined the sessions on July 9. More vocals, timpani and drums were overdubbed on 31 July. The orchestra was recorded on August 15.


title: Her Majesty (song)

paragraphs: "Her Majesty" is a song written by Paul McCartney (although credited to Lennon/McCartney) that appears on The Beatles' album "Abbey Road". "Her Majesty" is the final track of the album and appears fourteen seconds after the song "The End", but was not listed on the original sleeve. As such, it is considered one of the first examples of a hidden track in rock music.

paragraphs: The song was recorded in three takes on July 2, 1969, before the Beatles started work on "Golden Slumbers"/"Carry That Weight". McCartney sang and played an acoustic guitar. The decision take it from the Abbey Road medley was made on July 30.


title: Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (song)

paragraphs: "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band" is a song credited to Lennon/McCartney, and released in 1967, on The Beatles' album of the same name. The song appears twice on the album: as the first song (transitioning into "With a Little Help from My Friends"), and as "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (Reprise)", (which transitions into "A Day in the Life"). As the title track, the lyrics introduce the fictional band that performs in the album.

paragraphs: Since its original album release, the song has also been released on singles, on compilation albums, and has been performed by several other artists including Jimi Hendrix (such as at the Isle of Wight Festival 1970), U2, and a comic interpretation by Bill Cosby.

paragraphs: On the "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band" album, the song opens to the sound of a loud audience, and an orchestra tuning up, which was taken from the February 10 orchestra session for "A Day in the Life". The crowd sounds edited into the song were recorded in the early '60s by Martin, during a live recording of the stage show Beyond the Fringe. When the song itself begins, the band introduces its members. The song is in G major, with a 4/4 meter. A horn quartet was used to fill out the instrumental sections.

paragraphs: "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (Reprise)" is a repeat of the song at a faster tempo with heavier instruments. While the first track stays largely in the key of G major (except for transient modulation to F and perhaps C in the bridges), the reprise starts in F and modulates back to G. The track opens with a distorted guitar strumming a "Hendrix chord" (dominant 7th sharp 9). McCartney counts 1-2-3-4, and between 2 and 3, Lennon says "bye!".

paragraphs: The idea for a reprise was Aspinall's, who thought that as there was a "welcome song", there should be a "goodbye song". The song contains the same melody as the opening version, but with different lyrics. At 1:18, it is one of the Beatles' shorter songs (the shortest is "Her Majesty" at 0:23). The reprise was recorded on 1 April 1967, two months after the version that opens the album. At the end of the track, Martin's pre-recorded applause sample segues into the real final track of the album, "A Day in the Life".


title: With a Little Help from My Friends

paragraphs: "With a Little Help from My Friends" (originally titled "A Little Help from My Friends") is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney, released on The Beatles album "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band" in 1967. The song was written for and sung by Beatles drummer Ringo Starr as the character "Billy Shears"; it is ranked #304 on Rolling Stone's list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. Paul McCartney and Ringo Starr performed this song for the first time together at the David Lynch Foundation Benefit Concert in the Radio City Music Hall, New York on 4 April 2009.

paragraphs: Lennon and McCartney finished writing this song in mid-March 1967, written as Starr's song for the album. It was briefly called "Bad Finger Boogie" (later the inspiration for the band name Badfinger), because Lennon composed the melody on a piano using his middle finger after having hurt his forefinger; but in his 1980 "Playboy" interview Lennon said: "This is Paul, with a little help from me. 'What do you see when you turn out the light/ I can't tell you, but I know it's mine...' is mine."

paragraphs: Lennon and McCartney wrote a tune with a limited range - except for the last note, which McCartney worked closely with Starr to achieve.

paragraphs: Speaking in the Anthology, Starr insisted on changing the first line which originally was ""What would you do if I sang out of tune? Would you stand up and throw tomatoes at me?"" He changed the lyric so that fans would not throw tomatoes at him should he perform it live. (In the early days, after George Harrison made a comment that he liked jelly babies, fans would throw them at the Beatles at all of their live shows.)

paragraphs: The song is in the form of a conversation. The other three Beatles sing a question and Starr answers, for example: "Would you believe in a love at first sight? / Yes, I'm certain that it happens all the time."

paragraphs: The band started recording the song the day before they posed for the Sgt. Pepper album cover (29 March 1967), ending the session at 5:45 in the morning.

paragraphs: "With a Little Help from My Friends" was played as wake-up music on Space Shuttle Mission STS-61.


title: Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds

paragraphs: "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney for The Beatles' 1967 album "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band".

paragraphs: Lennon's son, Julian, inspired the song with a nursery school drawing he called "Lucy — in the sky with diamonds". Shortly after the song's release, people realized that the first letter of each of the title's nouns spelled LSD. Though Lennon denied and mocked the idea of a hidden LSD reference, the BBC banned the song.

paragraphs: Later, other artists made a cover version of the song. One of them was Elton John, whose 1974 recording was at the top of the "Billboards" chart for two weeks.

paragraphs: According to the Beatles, Lennon's son, Julian Lennon showed his father a nursery school drawing he called Lucy - in the sky with diamonds, depicting his classmate, Lucy O'Donnell.

paragraphs: Julian said, "I don't know why I called it that or why it stood out from all my other drawings, but I obviously had an affection for Lucy at that age. I used to show dad everything I'd built or painted at school, and this one sparked off the idea..." Lucy Vodden née O'Donnell died of an immune system disease in 2009.

paragraphs: Lennon was surprised at the idea that the song title was a hidden reference to LSD.

paragraphs: "Rolling Stone" magazine described the song as "Lennon's lavish daydream" and music critic Richie Unterberger said "'Lucy in the Sky With Diamonds' was one of the best songs on the Beatles' famous Sgt. Pepper album, and one of the classic songs of psychedelia as a whole. There are few other songs that so successfully evoke a dream world, in both the sonic textures and words." In a review for the BBC, Chris Jones described the song as "nursery rhyme surrealism" that contributed to Sgt. Pepper's "revolutionary ... sonic carpet that enveloped the ears and sent the listener spinning into other realms."

paragraphs: In later interviews, Lennon expressed disappointment with the Beatles' arrangement of the recording, complaining that inadequate time was taken to fully develop his initial idea for the song. He also said that he felt he didn't think that he sang it very well. "I was so nervous I couldn't sing," he told the journalist Ray Connolly, "but I like the lyrics."

paragraphs: A 3.2 million year-old, 40% complete fossil skeleton of an "Australopithecus afarensis" specimen discovered in 1974 was named "Lucy" because the Beatles song was being played loudly and repeatedly on a tape recorder in the camp.

paragraphs: The White dwarf star BPM 37093, which contains a core of crystallized carbon roughly 4000 km in diameter, is informally named "Lucy" as a tribute to the Beatles song.


title: Getting Better

paragraphs: "Getting Better" is a song written by Paul McCartney and John Lennon, based on an original idea by McCartney. It was recorded by The Beatles for the 1967 album "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band".

paragraphs: One of the recording sessions for "Getting Better" is famous for an incident involving Lennon. During the 21 March 1967 session in which producer George Martin added a piano solo, Lennon complained that he did not feel well and could not focus. He had accidentally taken LSD when he meant to take an upper. Unaware of the mistake, Martin took him up to the roof of Abbey Road Studio for some fresh air, and returned to Studio Two where McCartney and Harrison were waiting. They knew why Lennon was not well, and upon hearing where Lennon was, rushed to the roof to retrieve him and prevent a possible accident.


title: Fixing a Hole

paragraphs: "Fixing a Hole" is a song mainly written by Paul McCartney (credited to Lennon/McCartney) and performed by The Beatles on the 1967 album "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band".

paragraphs: The first of two recording sessions for the song was at Regent Sound Studio in London on 9 February 1967 in three takes.

paragraphs: The lead vocal was recorded at the same time as the rhythm track, a change from their post-1963 approach of overdubbing the vocal.

paragraphs: According to McCartney, on the night of the session an unusual man appeared at the gate of McCartney's home and said he was Jesus Christ. After a cup of tea, and after getting him to promise to be quiet and sit in a corner, McCartney brought the man to the recording session. After the session the man left and was never heard from again.

paragraphs: In another version of the story, John Lennon arrived at the studio, found the man hanging around the front door, and it was Lennon who invited him in.

paragraphs: The song is referenced to by Lennon in the last stanza of the song "Glass Onion" ("Fixing a Hole in the ocean"), from "The Beatles", released a year later.

paragraphs: In the live-action scene at the end of the 1968 movie "Yellow Submarine", Ringo mentions that he gave the other half of the "hole in me pocket" to Jeremy, so that he could "stop his mind from wandering", a direct reference to "Fixing a Hole".


title: Ian MacDonald

paragraphs: Ian MacCormick (3 October 1948 – 20 August 2003) was a music critic and author, who wrote a very famous detailed history about the Beatles.


title: She's Leaving Home

paragraphs: "She's Leaving Home" is a song, written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and released in 1967 on The Beatles album "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band". McCartney wrote and sang the verse and Lennon the chorus. This was one of a handful of songs of the Beatles in which the members did not play any instruments.

paragraphs: The newspaper story McCartney mentioned was from the front page of the "Daily Mirror", about a girl named Melanie Coe. Although McCartney made up most of the content, Coe, who was 17 at the time said that he got most of it right. Her parents wondered why she had left... "She has everything here." In real life, Melanie did not "meet a man from the motor trade", but instead a croupier, and left in the afternoon while her parents were at work. She was found ten days later because she had said where her boyfriend worked.

paragraphs: Coincidentally, Coe had met McCartney three years earlier when she was a contestant and prize winner on ITV's "Ready Steady Go!". An update on Melanie appeared in the Daily Mail in May 2008.

paragraphs: The day before McCartney wanted to work on the string arrangement, he learned that George Martin was not available to do the score. He contacted Mike Leander, who did it in Martin's place. It was the first time a Beatle song was not arranged by Martin (and the only time it was done with the Beatles' consent: Phil Spector's orchestration of "Let It Be" was done without McCartney's knowledge). Martin was hurt by McCartney's actions, but he produced the song and conducted the string section. The harp was played by Sheila Bromberg, the first female musician to appear on a Beatles record.

paragraphs: The stereo version of the song runs at a slower speed than the mono mix, and consequently is a semitone lower in pitch. This is mentioned in the booklet accompanying "The Beatles in Mono" CD box set, but no reason is given. A 2007 Mojo magazine article revealed the mono mix was sped up to make Paul sound younger and tighten the track.

paragraphs: When discussing Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, composer Ned Rorem described "She's Leaving Home" as "equal to any song that Schubert ever wrote."


title: Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite!

paragraphs: "Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite!" is a song from the 1967 album by The Beatles, "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band". It was composed mainly by John Lennon with input from Paul McCartney and credited to Lennon/McCartney.

paragraphs: Lennon wrote the song taking inspiration from a nineteenth century circus poster for Pablo Fanque's circus which he purchased in an antique shop on 31 January 1967 while filming the promotional video for the song "Strawberry Fields Forever" in Kent. Lennon said that "Everything from the song is from that poster, except the horse wasn't called Henry." (The poster idenitifies the horse as "Zanthus".) Mr. Kite is believed to be William Kite, who worked for Pablo Fanque from 1843 to 1845.


title: Within You Without You

paragraphs: "Within You Without You" is a song written by George Harrison and released on The Beatles' 1967 album, "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band".

paragraphs: "Within You Without You" features only Harrison and a group of uncredited Indian musicians, although producer George Martin arranged the string section, and Harrison and assistant Neil Aspinall played the tambura. According to Prema Music, dilrubha player Amrit Gajjar played on the track. It is the second of Harrison's songs to be explicitly influenced by Indian classical music, after "Love You To", and Harrison's only composition on "Sgt. Pepper". "Within You Without You" was written on a harmonium at the house of long-time Beatles friend Klaus Voormann, while "there were lots of joints being smoked".

paragraphs: Stephen Stills was so impressed by the lyrics that he had them carved on a stone monument in his yard. John Lennon said it was"one of George's best songs."


title: Rocks (album)

paragraphs: Rocks is the fourth album by American rock band Aerosmith, released May 3, 1976. Allmusic described "Rocks" as having "captured Aerosmith at their most raw and rocking". "Rocks" also ranked #176 on "Rolling Stone"'s list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time and is also noted in musician Kurt Cobain's top 50 favorite albums in his journals. Also, it has greatly influenced several people in the hard rock and heavy metal community, including members of Guns N' Roses and Metallica.


title: Walk This Way

paragraphs: "Walk This Way" is a song by American hard rock group Aerosmith. It is a very popular song, and it was made even more popular when it was covered by Run–D.M.C.


title: Sauber Petronas Engineering

paragraphs: Sauber Petronas Engineering AG was a company owned jointly by the Swiss racing car manufactor Sauber (60%) and the Malaysian oil company Petronas (40%). The company was founded for the sole purpose of building engines to the Sauber Formula One team.

paragraphs: The engines were for many years nearly identical to the ones used by Ferrari but were branded (named) Petronas. Sauber licensed nearly every part from Ferrari and even had several Ferrari engineers on staff.

paragraphs: The company also helped developing motorcycles like Petronas FP1.


title: Anglo-Saxon charters

paragraphs: Anglo-Saxon charters are documents from the early medieval period in Britain which usually make a grant of land or record a privilege. They are usually written on parchment in Latin.


title: Book of Wisdom

paragraphs: The Book of Wisdom (also called Wisdom of Solomon or just Wisdom) is one of the books of the Old Testament. It has been grouped among the Septuagint, or the seven wisdom books of the Bible. It is part of the Catholic and Orthodox Biblical canon, put forward by the Council of Carthage in 397 and confirmed by Catholic leaders at the Council of Trent in 1546. It was written by a Jew in Ancient Egypt in the 1st century BC and talks about wisdom among other themes.

paragraphs: The book was initially written in the Greek language, but has the style of Hebrew poetry. Tradition says that King Solomon wrote the book, but scholars reject this tradition. The Catholic Encyclopedia says: "It is freely admitted that Solomon is not the writer of the Book of Wisdom, which has been ascribed to him because its author, through a literary fiction, speaks as if he were the Son of David.".

paragraphs: The book has the most classical Greek language of all the books in the Septuagint. It also had much of the Hebrew style that had existed when the book was written. The writer also must have been deeply involved in the philosophical, religious, and ethical writings in Hellenistic Alexandria.


title: Glendale, Arizona

paragraphs: Glendale () is a city in Maricopa County, Arizona, USA. It is about nine miles (14 km) northwest from Downtown Phoenix. According to 2006 census, the population of the city is 246,531.

paragraphs: The NHL's Phoenix Coyotes and NLL's Arizona Sting started to play in Glendale when Jobing.com Arena opened in December 2003. Also in Glendale is University of Phoenix Stadium. It is the home of the NFL's Arizona Cardinals and the Fiesta Bowl, and opened in August 2006. In 2008, Super Bowl XLII was played there when the New York Giants beat the New England Patriots. The Chicago White Sox and Los Angeles Dodgers moved to Glendale for a shared spring training 2009.

paragraphs: Glendale calls itself “Arizona’s Antique Capital”. It is supported for its claim from Sunset Magazine. Glendale is home to the Arrowhead Towne Center mall in the northwest part of the city. Glendale also is home to Midwestern University, metro Phoenix's first medical school, as well as a major post-graduate international business school.

paragraphs: An extension of METRO light rail service is planned to serve the city.

paragraphs: According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 55.8 square miles (144.4 km²), of which, 55.7 square miles (144.2 km²) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.2 km²) of it (0.13%) is water.

paragraphs: As of 2000, there were 218,812 people, 75,700 households and 54,352 families in the city. The population density was 3,929.5 people per square mile (1,517.3/km²). The population consists of 75.54% white, 4.70% black or African American, 1.45% Native American, 2.74% Asian, 0.13% Pacific Islander, 11.97% from other races, and 3.47% from two or more races. 24.84% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

paragraphs: There were 75,700 households out of which 39.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them. 53.5% were married couples living together. 12.8% had a female householder with no husband living there. 28.2% were non-families. 21.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 5.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.85. The average family size was 3.33 people.

paragraphs: The meddle age was 31 years. For every 100 females there were 99.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.1 males.

paragraphs: The median income for a household in the city was $45,015. The median income for a family was $51,162. Males had a median income of $35,901 versus $27,736 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,124. About 8.8% of families and 11.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.3% of those under age 18 and 9.5% of those age 65 or over.

paragraphs: Glendale is the home to the Arizona Cardinals of the National Football League (NFL). The team formerly played at Sun Devil Stadium on the campus of Arizona State University in Tempe. The History Channel featured the stadium because of its roll-out natural grass field. The stadium hosted Super Bowl XLII in 2008. Almost one year later on January 18, 2009, it hosted the NFC Championship Game as the Arizona Cardinals defeated the Philadelphia Eagles 32-25 for the franchise's first ever Super Bowl berth.

paragraphs: Gila River Arena (formerly Glendale Arena and Jobing.com Arena) is next to University of Phoenix Stadium. It is the home of the Arizona Coyotes of the National Hockey League (NHL). It is also the home of the Arizona Sting of the National Lacrosse League (NLL).

paragraphs: In 2009, the Los Angeles Dodgers and the Chicago White Sox shared a spring training in Glendale.

paragraphs: The 26th annual WrestleMania event was held at University of Phoenix Stadium on March 28, 2010.

paragraphs: The BCS National Championship game also came to the stadium in 2006 and 2010. The Bowl Championship Series was replaced by the College Football Playoff (CFP) in 2014, and the final of the CFP, the College Football Championship Game, will come there in 2016.

paragraphs: There are a number of higher education campuses in Glendale. Glendale Community College and Glendale Community College North are members of the Maricopa County Community College District. Arizona State University has its West campus just across the border from Glendale in west Phoenix. Midwestern University is a graduate college of medicine in Glendale. Thunderbird School of Global Management is also a graduate school. It is specialized in international management.

paragraphs: Many school districts serve the city of Glendale.

paragraphs: Glendale is the place where many events throughout the year are held. That attracts thousands, including, but not limited to:


title: Cooktown, Queensland

paragraphs: Cooktown is the northernmost town on the east coast of Australia. In 2006, there were 2093 people living in the town. It is at the mouth of the Endeavour River, on Cape York Peninsula in north Queensland. Cooktown is named after the English explorer, Captain James Cook, and the Endeavour River is named after his ship, the "Endeavour".

paragraphs: Its population of 2000 doubles each June as the community re-enact Cook’s historic landing, complete with replica ship, cannon fire and period costume.


title: Endeavour River

paragraphs: The Endeavour River on Cape York Peninsula in north Queensland, Australia, was named in 1770 by the English explorer, Captain James Cook. He had been forced to put his ship, HM Bark Endeavour, onto the beach at the river mouth so that it could be repaired. The ship had been damaged by coral on the Great Barrier Reef. The Aboriginal Australians, the Guugu Yimithirr people, called the river "Wabalumbaal".

paragraphs: Cook and his crew stayed for seven weeks and met with the Guugu Yimithirr. The word "kangaroo" was a Guugu Yimithirr word for the animal which Cook wrote down in his diary. The naturalists Joseph Banks and Daniel Solander made big collections of native plants and flowers, while Sydney Parkinson made pictures of the flora and fauna of the region.

paragraphs: The Endeavour River is very wide at its mouth where it meets the sea. Upstream it quickly branches into many small creeks. There are 25 species of mangrove grwoing along the river. Saltwater crocodiles live in the river, and can often be seen on the banks during the winter in June and July. In October 2008, a man fishing for crabs on the river bank was taken by a crocodile. At first people thought it was a big crocodile, more than six metres in length. But his remains were later found inside a crocodile. The river is also a good place to go fishing for barramundi.

paragraphs: In recent years, tilapia fish, which are a "noxious species" in Australia, have moved into the river in large numbers. Scientists are worried that this will harm the numbers of native fish. These fish, which are often farmed for food in other countries, are listed in the worst 100 introduced species. A person in Australia owning or selling a tilapia could be fined up to AU$11,000.

paragraphs: There is now a town, Cooktown, at the mouth of the Endeavour River. About 2000 people live in the town. Cooktown is the northernmost town on the east coast of Australia. It was first settled in 1873, at the site of Cook's landing. It was a port for the newly discovered Palmer River Goldfields. Some of the relatively undisturbed natural features near the mouth of the river have been protected as a Queensland National Park, the Endeavour River National Park.


title: Lil Jon

paragraphs: Jonathan Smith , also known as Lil Jon (born January 17 1971) is an American hip hop artist, music producer and actor. He is a former member of the group "Lil Jon & the East Side Boyz". He formed the group in 1997. Lil Jon is known for shouting the words: "OK!", "What?!", and "Yeah!". His main hit was "Turn Down for What" featuring on the track by DJ Snake. He writes a blog on NHL.com about the Atlanta Thrashers. He is a fan of the team.


title: J.J. Redick

paragraphs: Jonathan Clay "J.J." Redick (born June 24, 1984 in Cookeville, Tennessee) is an American professional basketball player. He is currently a shooting guard for the Los Angeles Clippers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He has also played for the Orlando Magic from 2006 until 2013 and for the Milwaukee Bucks in 2013. Redick was born in Cookeville, Tenneesee, and played college basketball for four years at Duke University.

paragraphs: On July 10, 2013, the Clippers picked up Redick in a sign-and-trade, three-team deal which also involved the Milwaukee Bucks and Phoenix Suns. Redick was reported to have signed a four-year, $27 million contract.


title: Redman (rapper)

paragraphs: Reginald "Reggie" Noble better known under his stage name Redman (born April 17, 1970) is an American rapper and has worked with Method Man quite a lot they had their own show on fox that did not last long.


title: Liv Ullmann

paragraphs: Liv Ullmann (born 16 December 1938) is a Norwegian actress particularly associated with movies by Swedish director Ingmar Bergman.

paragraphs: Ullmann was born in Tokyo, Japan, to Norwegian parents. The family moved to Toronto when she was two. Her father was an engineer and after his death in 1946, Ullmann returned to Norway with her mother and older sister, where they settled in Trondheim.

paragraphs: After high school, she decided on an acting career. She applied and was turned down twice at the National Theater School in Oslo. She nonetheless persevered and after some studies at the Webber School of Acting in London, she eventually found work with a repertory theatre company in Stavenger. She also began appearing in bit parts in movies and on television.

paragraphs: She got her first major break when she met Swedish director Ingmar Bergman who offered her a role in his movie "Persona" (1966), opposite Bibi Anderson. She became his muse and lover and went on starring in several of his movies to considerable acclaim; "Hour of the Wolf" (1968), "Shame" (1968), "The Passion of Anna" (1969), "Cries and Whispers" (1972), "Scenes of a Marriage" (1973), "Face to Face" (1975), "The Serpent's Egg" (1977), "Autumn Sonata" (1978) and "Saraband" (2003).

paragraphs: She also appeared in Jan Troell's epic movie "The Emigrants" (1971) and its sequel "The New Land" (1972), which earned her an Academy Award nomination as best actress.

paragraphs: After her break up with Bergman in the early 1970s, she went to Hollywood and appeared in movies such as "Pope Joan" (1972), "New Horizons" (1973), "Forty Carats" (1973), "The Abdication" (1974), "Zandy's Bride" (1974), but failed to establish herself as the new Nordic star like Greta Garbo and Ingrid Bergman before her.

paragraphs: She published two autobiographies "Changing" (1977) and "Choices" (1984), in which she candidly discussed her life and career.

paragraphs: In the 1990s, she turned to directing with movies including "Sofie" (1992) and "Kristin Lavransdotter" (1995). She also worked as a goodwill ambassador for UNICEF.

paragraphs: Miss Ullmann has a daughter Linn Ullmann (born in 1966) with Ingmar Bergman, and two grandchildren.


title: Dinner for Schmucks

paragraphs: Dinner for Schmucks is a 2010 American comedy movie that is produced by Walter F. Parkes, Laurie MacDonald and Jay Roach and directed by Jay Roach. It is a remake of the 1998 French black comedy movie, "The Dinner Game".

paragraphs: Dinner for Schmucks received mixed reviews:


title: Teddy Pendergrass

paragraphs: Teddy Pendergrass (real name: Theodore DeReese "Teddy" Pendergrass) (born March 26, 1950 – died January 13, 2010) was an American R&B and soul singer/songwriter. Pendergrass was paralyzed from the waist down when he was severely injured in an car accident in Philadelphia in 1982.

paragraphs: He died on January 13, 2010 of respiratory failure and is buried at West Laurel Hill Cemetery.

paragraphs: Teddy Pendergrass released 13 studio albums during his career:


title: Barry White

paragraphs: Barry Eugene White (born September 12, 1944 – died July 4, 2003) was an American soul singer and songwriter. White was known for his rich bass voice. He won two Grammy Awards.

paragraphs: White was African American. He was born in Galveston, Texas and grew up in Los Angeles, California.

paragraphs: He died on July 4, 2003 of kidney failure and was cremated. His ashes were scattered by the California coast.

paragraphs: Barry White released 19 studio albums during his career:


title: Story of the Year

paragraphs: Story of the Year is an American alternative rock band. They formed in 1995 in St. Louis. The members of the group are Dan Marsala, the singer, Ryan Phillips, who plays the Guitar, Philip Sneed, who plays the guitar, Adam Russell, who plays the Bass guitar and Josh Wills, who plays the Drums. The band's original name was 67 North but was then changed to Big Blue Monkey and was again changed to Story of the Year.


title: Pokémon Mystery Dungeon: Blue Rescue Team and Red Rescue Team

paragraphs: Pokémon Mystery Dungeon: Blue Rescue Team and Pokémon Mystery Dungeon: Red Rescue Team are a type of Rougelike video games developed by Chunsoft and published by Nintendo. The game starts out when your character is turned into a Pokémon and you become friends with another Pokémon and form a rescue team and try to be the best rescue team there is. You can take jobs from bulletin board, get them from the mailbox or encounter them in story progression by completing a job the player then gets a reward afterwards.

paragraphs: A sequel to the two games were made in 2007 for the Nintendo DS titled "".


title: Ray Lewis

paragraphs: Ray Anthony Lewis, Jr. (born May 15, 1975) is a former American football player. He played linebacker in the National Football League (NFL). He played his entire career for the Baltimore Ravens from 1996 to 2013. He played for the University of Miami in college. Lewis was drafted by the Baltimore Ravens with the 26th pick in the first round of the 1996 NFL Draft. Lewis was the MVP of Super Bowl XXXV making 11 tackles, 6 assists, and blocked 4 passes. He was the first linebacker to win the Super Bowl MVP award on the winning team.

paragraphs: Lewis played for the Miami Hurricanes in college as a middle linebacker. Even though critics often said he was too small, Lewis became known for his intimidating style of play. He wore #52 on his jersey.

paragraphs: Lewis was drafted 26th oveall in the 1st Round of the 1996 NFL Draft by the Baltimore Ravens. Four years later, Lewis was a Super Bowl MVP when Baltimore defeated the New York Giants in Super Bowl XXXV. In that Super Bowl-winning 2000 NFL season, Lewis was part of a famous linebacker group that also had outside linebackers Jamie Sharper and Peter Boulware. Lewis was elected as the NFL Defensive player of the Year in 2000, and won it again in 2003.

paragraphs: Throughout his career, Lewis has built a reputation as one of the best players in NFL history. In 2011, Lewis ranked #8 on the NFL's list of top 100 players. In his 16-year career, Lewis registered 1,993 tackles (1,514 solo), 40.5 sacks, intercepted 31 quarterback passes (returned for a total of 503 yards), and three touchdowns (including postseason).

paragraphs: On January 2, 2013, Lewis said that he intends retire from professional football after the 2012–13 NFL playoffs.

paragraphs: Lewis is a self-proclaimed Christian. He lives in Maryland, USA. In 2001, Lewis started the Ray Lewis Foundation, which helps struggling young people. Lewis is respected by Baltimore. He even has a street named after him, "#52 Avenue."


title: Marty Turco

paragraphs: Marty Vincent Turco (born August 13, 1975) is a Canadian former ice hockey goaltender. He played 11 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Dallas Stars, Chicago Blackhawks, and the Boston Bruins. He currently works as an in-studio analyst for the NHL Network.

paragraphs: He has won the Roger Crozier MBNA Saving Grace Award twice. He is also tied with Felix Potvin, Ed Belfour, Martin Brodeur, Jean-Sébastien Giguère, and Michael Leighton for the NHL record of Most shutouts in a playoff series with 3.


title: Ray Rice

paragraphs: Raymell "Ray" Rice (born January 22, 1987 in New Rochelle, New York) is an American football running back. He is currently suspended indefinitely from the National Football League (NFL). He played for the Baltimore Ravens from 2008 until he was released on September 8, 2014.

paragraphs: He was drafted out of the Rutgers University by the Baltimore Ravens with the 55th pick in the second round of the 2008 NFL Draft. Rice was selected for his very first Pro Bowl in 2009. He also was in the 2011 and 2012 Pro Bowl. He won Super Bowl XLVII with the Ravens when they defeated the San Francisco 49ers 34-31.

paragraphs: On March 27, 2014, Rice was arrested and indicted for third-degree aggravated assault after an incident at the Revel Casino in Atlantic City, New Jersey where he punched his then-fiancée (now wife) Janay Palmer in the face. The punch knocked her unconscious. A video posted by TMZ showed Rice dragging Palmer's body out of an elevator.

paragraphs: On March 27, 2014, Rice was indicted by a grand jury on third-degree aggravated assault, with a possible jail sentence for three to five years and a fine of up to $15,000. Rice married Palmer on March 28, 2014. On July 25, 2014, Rice was suspended for the first two games of the 2014 NFL season for the incident. After Rice agreed to undergo court-supervised counseling, the charges were dropped.

paragraphs: On September 8, 2014, another video was released by TMZ that featured additional footage from an elevator camera that showed Rice punching Palmer. After seeing this, the Baltimore Ravens terminated Rice's contract and shortly afterward, NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell announced that Rice had been suspended indefinitely from the NFL.


title: Marpa Lotsawa

paragraphs: Marpa Chökyi Lodrö (1012–1097) was a Tibetan Buddhist lama, the first one who established the Kagyu tradition in Tibet. He is known also as Marpa Lotsawa, which means translator. Not only did he translate Buddhist texts, but he also made a complete system of methods to reach Enlightenment, or the state of a Buddha. Marpa made three difficult journeys to India and spent about twenty years there. He received teachings and oral transmission of many gurus. Most important among them are Naropa and Maitripa. His main student and successor to his lineage is Milarepa.


title: Keith Urban

paragraphs: Keith Lionel Urban (born 26 October 1967 in Whangarei, New Zealand) is a New Zealand-born Australian-American Grammy Award winning country music singer and songwriter.

paragraphs: Urban is married to actress Nicole Kidman. They met at G'Day LA, a Hollywood event honoring Australians. The couple have two daughters: Sunday Rose Kidman Urban (born 7 July 2008) and Faith Margaret Kidman Urban (born 28 December 2010).


title: Kenny Chesney

paragraphs: Kenneth Arnold "Kenny" Chesney (born March 26, 1968) is an American country music singer. Chesney has won many CMT awards and many other country music awards.

paragraphs: Chesney was born on March 26, 1968, in Knoxville, Tennessee, at St. Mary's Medical Center. He was raised in Luttrell. He is of English and Irish ancestry. He is the son of David Chesney, a former elementary school teacher, and Karen Chandler, a hair stylist in the Knoxville area. Chesney has one sibling, a younger sister named Jennifer Chandler. In 1986 Chesney graduated from Gibbs High School where he played baseball and football. Chesney received his first guitar, "The Terminor," for Christmas and began teaching himself to play. Chesney studied advertising at East Tennessee State University in Johnson City, TN, where he was a member of the ETSU Bluegrass Program and the Lambda Chi Alpha fraternity.

paragraphs: Chesney married actress and producer Renée Zellweger briefly in 2005 until Zellweger filed an annulment letter.


title: Pokémon Mystery Dungeon: Explorers of Time and Explorers of Darkness

paragraphs: Pokémon Mystery Dungeon: Explorers of Time and Pokémon Mystery Dungeon: Explorers of Darkness are a pair of video games that is the sequel to the "" games. It was released in Japan on September 13, 2007, in North America on April 20, 2008, in Europe on July 4, 2008 and in Australia on June 19, 2008.


title: Bel and the Dragon

paragraphs: The narrative of Bel and the Dragon is from chapter 14 of the Book of Daniel. This chapter, along with chapter 13, is referred to as deuterocanonical, in that it is not universally accepted among Christians as belonging to the Bible. The story is typically not included in Protestant Bibles.

paragraphs: It is believed by some scholars to have been written in the late 2nd century BC and accounted apocryphal by Protestants. The chapter is formed of three independent narratives, which place the culture-hero Daniel at the court of Cyrus, king of the Persians: "When King Astyages was laid to rest with his ancestors, Cyrus the Persian succeeded to his kingdom." There Daniel "was a companion of the king, and was the most honored of all his Friends" (14:1).

paragraphs: The narrative of Bel (14:1–22) is a folk tale ridiculing worship. In it, the king asks Daniel "Do you not think that Bel is a living god? Do you not see how much he eats and drinks every day?" Daniel proves through a ruse that the sacred meal of Bel is actually consumed at night by the seventy priests and their wives and children, who entered through a secret door when the temple's doors were sealed. The priests and their wives and children are killed, and Daniel is permitted to destroy the idol of Bel and the temple. This version has been cited as an ancestor of the "locked room mystery".

paragraphs: In the brief companion narrative of the Dragon (14:23–30), "there was a great dragon, which the Babylonians revered." In this case the supposed god is no idol, but not all that eats is divine: Daniel slew the dragon by making cakes of pitch, fat and hair. The dragon ate them and burst open. Now the Babylonians were indignant. "The king has become a Jew; he has destroyed Bel, and killed the dragon, and slaughtered the priests," they said, and demanded that Daniel be handed over to them.

paragraphs: The third narrative (14:31–42), Daniel in the Lions' Den, is apparently Daniel's 1st or 2nd trip. It has been made into a consequence of the preceding episode, but the Septuagint precedes it with the notice: "From the prophecy of Habakkuk, son of Jesus, of the tribe of Levi." Daniel remained unharmed in the den with seven lions, fed by the miraculous transportation of the prophet Habakkuk. "On the seventh day the king came to mourn for Daniel. When he came to the den he looked in, and there sat Daniel! The king shouted with a loud voice, "You are great, O Lord, the God of Daniel, and there is no other besides you!" Then he pulled Daniel out, and threw into the den those who had attempted his destruction, and they were instantly eaten before his eyes." Some have suggested that the Daniel in Bel and the Dragon is different from that of Daniel 1-13.


title: Kazimierz Pospiszyl

paragraphs: Kazimierz Pospiszyl (b. 1938) is a psychologist and author of over two hundred books in the field of social psychology, sociology and pedagogy. He is the former Rector of the Maria Grzegorzewska Academy of Special Education Pedagogy in Warsaw. He has published many books, including well known and very popular "Psychology of Women", "Tristan and Don Juan", "Narcissism", "Psychopathy", and "Rehabilitation". He currently teaches at the Christian Theological Academy in Warsaw and the University of Zielona Góra.


title: When I'm Sixty-Four

paragraphs: "When I'm Sixty-Four" is a love song by The Beatles, written by Paul McCartney (credited to Lennon/McCartney) and released in 1967 on their album "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band".

paragraphs: According to Ian MacDonald, the song was "aimed chiefly at parents, and as a result got a cool reception from the group's own generation."

paragraphs: The song is sung by a young man to his lover, and is about his plans of growing old together with her. Although the theme is aging, it was one of the first songs McCartney wrote, when he was sixteen. The Beatles used it in the early days as a song they could play when the amplifiers broke down or the electricity went off. Both George Martin and Mark Lewisohn thought that McCartney may have thought of the song when recording began for "Sgt. Pepper" in December 1966 because his father turned 64 earlier that year.

paragraphs: Lennon said of the song, "Paul wrote it in the Cavern days. We just stuck a few more words on it like 'grandchildren on your knee' and 'Vera, Chuck and Dave' ... this was just one that was quite a hit with us." In his 1980 interview for "Playboy" he said, "I would never even dream of writing a song like that."

paragraphs: The song was recorded on 6 December 1966, during one of the first sessions for the as-yet-unnamed album that became "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band". There were multiple overdub sessions, including the lead vocal by McCartney on 8 December and backing vocals by McCartney, Lennon, and George Harrison on 20 December. The clarinets were recorded on 21 December.

paragraphs: The song is in the key of D-flat major. The Beatles recorded the song in C major but the master take was sped up in order to raise the key by one semitone at the insistence of McCartney. Martin remembers that McCartney suggested this change in order to make his voice sound younger. McCartney says, "I wanted to appear younger, but that was just to make it more rooty-tooty; just lift the key because it was starting to sound turgid."

paragraphs: The song was nearly released on a single as the B-side with either "Strawberry Fields Forever" or "Penny Lane" as the A-side. Instead, Martin decided on a double-A-sided-disc. The single did not make #1 in the UK, breaking a string of #1 singles going back to 1963. If "When I'm Sixty-Four" had been issued as a B-side, it probably would not have appeared on "Sgt. Pepper".


title: Hispania Racing

paragraphs: Hispania Racing F1 Team, officially known as HRT F1 Team, is a Spanish Formula One team. It was founded by former driver Adrián Campos, and first known as Campos Meta 1. The team was taken over by José Ramón Carabante and renamed HRT. The team made its debut in the season. It is the first Spanish team to race in Formula One. A previous Spanish effort known as Bravo F1 tried but failed to enter the sport in .

paragraphs: The team began as a collaboration between Adrián Campos of Campos Racing and Enrique Rodríguez of Meta Image, under the name of Campos Meta. Campos Racing currently runs a team in the European F3 Open Championship. They also used to run the GP2 Series team now known as Addax Team. Campos was running the Formula One operation in conjunction with Meta Image. Meta Image is a Madrid-based sports agency, who managed one of Campos' F3 Open drivers, Bruno Méndez. Campos and Rodríguez began looking at the possibility of creating Spain's first Formula One team in February 2009. In March, the team gained shareholders (investors) such as Spanish businessman José Ramón Carabante and basketball players Pau Gasol and Jorge Garbajosa.

paragraphs: The team's headquarters were first located at Meta Images's offices in Madrid, housing marketing and administration. Its technical centre is located at Campos Racing's headquarters in Alzira, Valencia. In October 2009 the team completed a deal with the local government of the Region of Murcia to build new facilities for the team at the Parque Tecnológico Fuente Álamo de Murcia science park. Italian constructor Dallara built the 2010 cars in Parma, which used Cosworth engines.

paragraphs: On June 12, Campos Meta were named by the FIA as one of three new teams granted entry to the 2010 season..

paragraphs: On the weekend of the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix, Campos confirmed that Bruno Senna, the nephew of former world champion Ayrton Senna, would be one of their racing drivers for 2010.

paragraphs: In January 2010, A1 Grand Prix principal Tony Teixeira was one of several potential investors linked to the team. The investors were an effort to open up revenue for the 2010 pre-season testing. On January 27, the team admitted that they may not be able to participate in the 2010 pre-season testing, and that their second driver may not be announced until the eve of their first race. Teixeira said the team was aiming to make the second test session and believed that they would "definitely" make the third session at Jerez.

paragraphs: On 5 February 2010, Campos boss Adrián Campos told BBC Sport that the team were struggling to find funding. It was paying €7 million to Dallara stating that "sometime we have the money sometime we don't". He also denied that F1 hopeful Stefan GP had taken the Campos' car. He stated that "we've got a contract and as long as we're paying the contract is valid". In February, speculation began as to whether Campos would actually make the 2010 field. The team admitted budgetary problems.

paragraphs: On February 19, it was announced that majority shareholder José Ramón Carabante had taken over full control of the team from Adrián Campos. Colin Kolles also replaced him as team principal. The team was re-named to Hispania Racing F1 Team (HRT), with the name taken from Grupo Hispania, one of Carabante's companies. The team's headquarters were moved to Grupo Hispania's offices in Murcia. On March 4, Karun Chandhok was confirmed as the team's second driver. The team launched their Cosworth-powered, Dallara-designed car on the same day; it was called the Hispania F110.

paragraphs: With no pre-season testing, the F110 completed its first laps during the weekend of the Bahrain Grand Prix. Senna's car was completed in time for him to complete three installation (first test lap) laps in the first free practice session. In the second session, he completed 17 laps, running over 11 seconds off the pace. He then slid off the track after his wheel came loose. Senna described the day's work as a "great start", considering the team's lack of preparation.

paragraphs: Chandhok's did not complete any laps in the Friday practice. The mechanics were unable to make the clutch and gearbox on the car work. In qualifying, Senna and Chandhok set the two slowest times to share the back row of the starting grid: Chandhok was finally able to complete his car's first laps at speed.

paragraphs: For the race, both cars started from the pit lane. Chandhok crashed on the second lap and was out of the race. Senna retired on lap 18 with an overheating engine. Hispania finally had both car finish the race at the Malaysian Grand Prix with Chandhok finishing in front of Senna. Chandhok was 3 laps down and Senna was 4 laps down.

paragraphs: In Turkish Grand Prix, the team's test driver Sakon Yamamoto completed the first practice session, and ran the slowest time of the session.

paragraphs: On the eve of the British Grand Prix at Silverstone, Hispania announced that Bruno Senna had been dropped for the race. Yest driver Sakon Yamamoto would race in his place. After the race, HRT announced that Senna would return after Silverstone. Yamamoto has replaced Chandhok for the German Grand Prix and the Hungarian Grand Prix.

paragraphs: Hispania parted company with Dallara in May 2010. The partnership between the two companies had become tense due to the car's lack of performance. The team is seeking a new technical deal to assist in the construction of its chassis.

paragraphs: When Hispania was still under the Campos name, team owner José Ramón Carabante said in an interview with Autosport that Campos Meta F1/HRT were eyeing a Ferrari engine supply for the season. Colin Kolles said in an interview with Diario AS in July 2010, that talks about a partnership with Toyota was an option for 2011. Hispania continues to use Cosworth engines for 2011.

paragraphs: The first race of the 2011 season was the Australian Grand Prix. Hispania was not ready to race yet. The new chassis, the F111, had not been ready during the off season testing. During the weekend at Australia, the team was still putting the cars together. Karthikeyan and Liuzzi had to qualify in cars without any practice. Because of this, they were not fast enough to qualify for the race.

paragraphs: The fastest lap time during the first qualifying session was 1m 25.296s. Based on the new 107% rule, the minimum qualifying time was 1m 31.266s. Both Hispania cars were at least one second slower than the minimum time.


title: Brad Paisley

paragraphs: Brad Douglas Paisley (born October 28, 1972) is an American country music singer-songwriter and guitarist.

paragraphs: Paisley has won three Grammy awards: one in 2008 for "Best Country Instrumental Performance" for ""Throttleneck"", one in 2009 again for "Best Country Instrumental Performance" this time for ""Cluster Pluck"" and one in 2009 for "Best Male Country Vocal Performance" for ""Letter to Me""

paragraphs: Paisley was born in Glen Dale, West Virginia.

paragraphs: Paisley is married to American actress, Kimberly Williams-Paisley and they were wed on March 15, 2003, at Stauffer Chapel on the campus of Pepperdine University.


title: Papa Roach

paragraphs: Papa Roach is an American alternative rock band. They formed in 1993 in Vacaville, California when lead singer Jacoby Shaddix and drummer Dave Buckner met on the Vacaville High School football field during an game of football where they started talking about music. The members of the group are Jacoby Shaddix, the lead singer, Jerry Horton, who plays the lead guitar and also does backing vocals, Tobin Esperance, who plays the bass guitar and backing vocals and Tony Palermo, who plays the drums and percussion.


title: Coureur de bois

paragraphs: A coureur des bois (, "runner of the woods") was a French Canadian man who engaged in the fur trade. They trapped and traded the hides of many animals, especially beaver. The coureurs des bois worked in eastern North America from the late 1700s, moving up toward Hudson Bay and across the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean by the 19th century. Many worked for the Hudson's Bay Company of Great Britain.


title: Smart Guy

paragraphs: Smart Guy is a 1997 The WB television series that ran from April 2, 1997 to May 16, 1999. The show is about a boy genius named TJ who lives in Washington D.C. is transferred from elementary school and gets transferred to Piedmont High School and attempts to fit in in high school.


title: Luis Gonzalez (outfielder)

paragraphs: Luis Emilio Gonzalez (born September 3, 1967 in Tampa, Florida) is a retired American Major League Baseball (MLB) outfielder. He had his greatest success with the Arizona Diamondbacks, becoming a star in 2001. He got the hit that won the World Series for the Diamondbacks that year.

paragraphs: In 2010, it was announced that Gonzalez would be the first Diamondbacks player to have his jersey number (20) retired.


title: Yoko Kanno

paragraphs: Yoko Kanno (菅野 よう子 "Kanno Yōko", born March 19, 1964 in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan) is a famous composer and keyboardist known for her musical achievements in anime titles.

paragraphs: Some of her most famous pieces include "Voices" ("Macross Plus"), "Tank!" ("Cowboy Bebop"), "Yakusoku wa Iranai" ("Escaflowne"), "Gravity" ("Wolf's Rain"), and "Inner Universe" (""). She was the singer of a band called "The Seatbelts", which was created just to make the "Cowboy Bebop" soundtrack.

paragraphs: She has worked for many Koei games sold from the late 1980s to 1990s and even for a Dreamcast game. Because she worked a lot in the "Cowboy Bebop" anime, the game sold by Bandai also features her work.

paragraphs: Apart from anime and games, Kanno also makes pieces for live-action films and CMs (television advertisements or commercials) for all sorts of brands. Grand Funk Inc. is her recording studio of choice in producing for these two media. Contributions to films started in the 90s but only since 2002 has there been a trend towards the medium. Most of the latter were shown in international film festivals.

paragraphs: There is some rumor that one of her frequently hired vocalists, Gabriela Robin, is Kanno herself under a pseudonym.

paragraphs: She was married to fellow composer Hajime Mizoguchi, with whom she worked with in order to create the music for "Please Save My Earth" and "Escaflowne".

paragraphs: She has gone to Otakon and Anime Expo in 1999, as well as Anime Expo New York in 2002.

paragraphs: On September 13, 2005, Gamespot said that Kanno had been hired by Gravity Corporation to create the music for their in-development MMORPG, "Ragnarok Online 2".

paragraphs: All of the movies are live-action except for "Noiseman Sound Insect".


title: Mario & Luigi: Partners in Time

paragraphs: Mario & Luigi: Partners in Time is a game for the Nintendo DS. "Mario & Luigi: Partners in Time" was released in North America on November 28, 2005, in Japan on December 29, 2005, in Europe on January 27, 2006 and in the United Kingdom on February 10, 2006. It is the second game in the "Mario and Luigi RPG" series, preceding "".

paragraphs: In this game, Peach goes with two other Toads in a time machine, but she never returns. Whenever the machine returns, a green alien comes out of it. After they beat it, Mario and Luigi go to various places in the past.


title: Conker's Bad Fur Day

paragraphs: Conker's Bad Fur Day is a platform game for the Nintendo 64 that was developed and published by Rare and distributed by Nintendo in 2001. It is the sequel to the Game Boy Color game, "Conker's Pocket Tales". This game was in development for four years and was originally going to be entitled "Conker's Quest", and then "Twelve Tails: Conker 64". This game was going to be rated "E" until Rare changed it to an "mature" game, due to thinking they would be mocked as people call it a cutesy game. After the change, Conker was not a cutesy character anymore, drinks too much beer, and becomes a greedy squirrel.

paragraphs: This game later received a remake for the Xbox in 2005 known as "".


title: Tony Hawk's Underground

paragraphs: Tony Hawk's Underground is a 2003 skateboarding game that was developed by Neversoft and Beenox and was published by Activision. It is the fifth game in the "Tony Hawk" video game series It was released on October 27, 2003 in North America and November 21, 2003 in PAL region. The game received a "E3 Game Critics Awards" for "Best Sports Game" in 2003 and "MTV Video Music Award" for Best Video Game Soundtrack in 2004.


title: Arby's

paragraphs: Arby's is an international chain of fast food restaurants started by Forrest and Leroy Raffel in 1964 in Boardman, Ohio. Arby's is well known for their roast beef sandwiches and their curly fries.

paragraphs: There are Arby's location all around the world:


title: The Other Guys

paragraphs: The Other Guys is a 2010 American action-comedy movie. It was produced by Adam McKay, Will Ferrell, Jimmy Miller and Patrick Crowley and was directed by Adam McKay.

paragraphs: On August 2, 2010, Will Ferrell and Mark Wahlberg guest hosted WWE's Raw from San Antonio, Texas to promote the release of "The Other Guys".

paragraphs: The movie revolves around two guys: Allen Gamble and Terry Hoitz who get stuck together after accidentally shooting Derek Jeter.

paragraphs: "The Other Guys" received mostly positive reviews from reviewers:

paragraphs: "The Other Guys" placed first for the night making $13 million on opening night. The movie was also number one for the weekend of August 6-8, 2010 making $35,600,000 on the opening weekend and removed Inception from the top spot.


title: Rusty blackbird

paragraphs: The rusty blackbird ("Euphagus carolinus") is a species of icterid blackbirds. Its bill is pointed. The adult females are more grey then the adult male. The population of the rusty blackbird has declined in recent decades nobody know's why for sure.

paragraphs: The birds usually breed in muskeg and forests across Canada and Alaska and migrate to the eastern and southeastern United States, into parts of the Grain Belt and sometimes straying into Mexico

paragraphs: These birds feed insects, small fish and some seeds in wet ground or in shallow water.


title: Coenobitidae

paragraphs: Coenobitidae is a family of Hermit crabs that contains all species of land hermit crab.


title: Leominster

paragraphs: Leominster (pronounced "Lem-ster") is a market town in Northern Herefordshire, a county in England.

paragraphs: It is located 12 miles (19 km) north of Hereford, the county town, and south of Ludlow in Shropshire.

paragraphs: The town has a population of 11,691 people. This makes it Herefordshire's largest town (Hereford is a city). During the Middle Ages, Leominster was the hometown of Æthelmod, an English saint. He was buried in the town.

paragraphs: Leominster is situated on the A49 which runs north from Ross-on-Wye and ends just south of Bamber Bridge in Lancashire. It also has strong railway links. Leominster railway station is on the Welsh Marches Line. Passengers can get direct trains northbound to Shrewsbury, Wrexham, Chester, Llandudno, Holyhead, Crewe and Manchester as well as trains southbound to Hereford, Cardiff, Swansea and South-West Wales.

paragraphs: Leominster has two twin towns. It is twinned with:


title: Troy Brouwer

paragraphs: Troy Brouwer (born August 17, 1985 in North Delta, British Columbia, Canada) is a Canadian professional ice hockey right winger. He currently plays for the St Louis Blues of the National Hockey League (NHL). He also played in the NHL for the Chicago Blackhawks, Florida Panthers, Calgary Flames, Washington Capitals, and Chicago Blackhawks. He played in the WHL for the Moose Jaw Warriors where he played 5 seasons and was named team captain his last season with the Warriors.

paragraphs: On June 9, 2010, Brouwer won the Stanley Cup with the Chicago Blackhawks.


title: Lincoln Navigator

paragraphs: The Lincoln Navigator is a large, luxury SUV. It is manufactured by Ford Motor Company and was released in 1998. The Navigator has a niche with celebrities and the customized SUV scene.


title: Nick Swisher

paragraphs: Nicholas "Nick" Thompson Swisher (born November 25, 1980 in Columbus, Ohio) is an American baseball player. On December 23, 2012, Swisher agreed to a four-year, $56 million contract with the Cleveland Indians. The deal became official on January 3, 2013.

paragraphs: Swisher is the son of former Major League Baseball player, Steve Swisher.


title: Dane Cook

paragraphs: Dane Jeffrey Cook (born March 18, 1972 in Cambridge, Massachusetts) is an American comedian and actor.

paragraphs: Cook has performed in many major arenas like the Madison Square Garden.


title: Hookah

paragraphs: A hookah is a type of glass water pipe used to smoke tobacco, or special hookah-tobacco called "shisha". It can also be used for smoking herbal fruits.

paragraphs: The hookah gained popularity under the reign of the Ottoman Dynasty. A hookah operates by water filtration and indirect heat.

paragraphs: The hookah has origins in Arabia, Persia, Turkey, India and ancient China. Ancient Persian paintings depict people smoking hookahs. In the early 19th century, Hookahs became popular with rich men, who often smoked them wearing smoking caps or fezzes and smoking jackets.

paragraphs: The more colloquial terms "hubble-bubble" and "hubbly-bubbly" may be used in the region surrounding the Red Sea.

paragraphs: The archaic form of this latter Indian name "hookah" is most commonly used in English for historical reasons. It was in India that many English-speakers first sampled the effects of the water pipe. The writer William Hickey wrote in his "Memoirs" that shortly after his arrival in Calcutta (now Kolkata), India in 1775:

paragraphs: The jar at the bottom of the hookah is filled with water sufficient to submerge a few inches of the body tube, which is sealed tightly to it. Deeper water will only increase the inhalation force needed to use it. Tobacco or tobacco-free molasses are placed inside the bowl at the top of the hookah. Often the bowl is covered with perforated tin foil or a metal screen and coal placed on top. The foil or screen separates the coal and the tobacco, which minimizes inhalation of coal ash with the smoke and reduces the temperature the tobacco is exposed to, in order to prevent burning the tobacco directly.

paragraphs: When one inhales through the hose, air is pulled through the charcoal and into the bowl holding the tobacco. The hot air, heated by the charcoal vaporizes the tobacco without burning it.

paragraphs: The vapor is passed down through the body tube that extends into the water in the jar. It bubbles up through the water, losing heat, and fills the top part of the jar, to which the hose is attached. When a smoker inhales from the hose, smoke passes into the lungs, and the change in pressure in the jar pulls more air through the charcoal, continuing the process.

paragraphs: Hookahs are widely used today. At parties, some people choose to smoke a hookah and spread it around for others to use. Hookah bars are places where people can meet up and smoke hookahs. Nowadays, hookahs appear in numerous designs, shapes, and sizes, from classic Egyptian look to modern and futuristic.

paragraphs: A 2005 WHO report states that smoking using a waterpipe poses a serious potential health hazard and is not a safe alternative to cigarette smoking. The average hookah session typically lasts more than 40 minutes, and consists of 50 to 200 inhalations that each range from 0.15 to 0.50 liters of smoke. In an hour-long smoking session of hookah, users consume about 100 to 200 times the volume of smoke of a cigarette.


title: Jassen Cullimore

paragraphs: Jassen A. Cullimore (born December 4, 1972 in Simcoe, Ontario) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey defenceman that last played for the Iserlohn Roosters of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga. He formerly played Vancouver Canucks from 1994-1996, the Montreal Canadiens from 1996-1997, the Tampa Bay Lightning from 1997-2003 winning the Stanley Cup with them during the 2003-04 NHL season, the Chicago Blackhawks from 2005-06, the Florida Panthers from 2007-08 and signed a two-way contract returning to the Chicago Blackhawks which he played one season with in 2010.


title: Big L

paragraphs: Lamont Coleman (30 May 1974 – 15 February 1999) was an American rapper better known by his stage name, Big L.

paragraphs: Henry Adaso from About.com ranked him #23 of the "Top 50 Greatest MCs of Our Time (1987 - 2007)" and said the "[he was] one of the most auspicious storytellers in hip hop history." Coleman was also called "the most underrated lyricist ever" by HipHopDX.

paragraphs: On 15 February 1999, Big L was murdered at 45 West 139th Street after being shot nine times in the face and chest in a drive-by shooting. Gerard Woodley, his childhood friend, was arrested for the shooting. A spokesperson for the New York City Police Department said that "It's a good possibility it was retaliation for something [Big L's] brother did, or [Woodley] believed he had done". Woodley was later released and the murder is still unsolved.


title: Down with Webster

paragraphs: Down with Webster is a Canadian rap rock band from Toronto, Ontario. They are currently signed to Universal Motown records though producer Timbaland and KISS frontman Gene Simmons expressed interest in signing the band to their labels. They released their self-titled debut album on June 26, 2007.


title: Murray Bannerman

paragraphs: Murray Bannerman (born April 27, 1957 in Fort Frances, Ontario, Canada) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey defenceman who played in the National Hockey League (NHL). He was drafted by the Vancouver Canucks with the 58th overall pick in the 1977 NHL Draft. He played 8 seasons in the NHL 1 season with the Vancouver Canucks and 7 seasons with the Chicago Blackhawks. He currently for the Blackhawk Alumni Association.


title: Carnival of Carnage

paragraphs: Carnival of Carnage is the first studio album by American hip hop band, Insane Clown Posse. It was released on October 18, 1992. The producers of the album were Joseph Bruce, Mike Clark, Esham and Chuck Miller. The album was the first of the "Joker Cards" in the Dark Carnival mythology.

paragraphs: Kid rock and Esham sing guest vocals on the album,

paragraphs: The album's lyrics are centered around the controversies, violence and politics in the ghetto.

paragraphs: Shaggy Dope sings vocals on "Night of the Axe" and "Wizard of The Hood".

paragraphs: Special Musical guests Kid rock and Esham.


title: 2010 Israel–Lebanon border clash

paragraphs: The 2010 Israeli–Lebanese clash occurred on August 3, 2010. Israel Defence Forces and Lebanese Armed Forces fought along the border between Israel and Lebanon. Early reports said three Lebanese soldiers and one civilian were killed while five soldiers were wounded; reports also said 1 Israeli soldier was killed and 2 were wounded. This was the most serious fighting on the border since the 2006 Lebanon War.


title: South Lebanon conflict

paragraphs: The South Lebanon conflict describes a series of military clashes in South Lebanon involving Israel, Palestine Liberation Organization, Lebanese factions and Syria.

paragraphs: The conflict began in late 1960s and escalated in the 1970s. After the PLO leadership and its Fatah brigade were expelled from Jordan in 1971 for fomenting a revolt, they entered Lebanon and internal and cross-border violence increased. The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) had already recruited militants in Lebanon from among the families of Palestinian refugees who were expelled or fled due to the creation of Israel in 1948. By 1968, the PLO and Israel were committing cross border attacks against each other. Meanwhile, demographic tensions over the Lebanese National Pact led to the Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990). PLO was one of the key factors to the eruption of the Lebanese Civil War and its bitter battles with Lebanese factions caused foreign intervention. Israel's 1978 invasion of Lebanon pushed the PLO north of the Litani River, but the PLO continued their campaign against Israel. Israel invaded Lebanon again in 1982, in alliance with major Lebanese Christian militias, and forcibly expelled the PLO. Israel withdrew to a slim borderland buffer zone, held with the aid of proxy militants in the South Lebanon Army (SLA). Israel and Lebanon signed the May 17 Agreement providing a framework for the establishment of normal bilateral relations between the two countries, but relations were disrupted with takeover of Shia and Druze militias in early 1984.

paragraphs: In 1985, a Lebanese Shi'te resistance movement sponsored by Iran, calling itself Hezbollah, called for armed struggle to "end the Israel occupation of Lebanese territory". When the Lebanese civil war ended and other warring factions agreed to disarm, Hezbollah and the SLA refused. Combat with Hezbollah weakened Israeli resolve and led to a collapse of the SLA and an Israeli withdrawal in 2000 to their side of the UN designated border. Citing Israeli control of the Shebaa farms territory, Hezbollah continued cross border attacks intermittently over the next six years. Hezbollah now sought freedom for Lebanese citizens in Israeli prisons and successfully used the tactic of capturing Israeli soldiers as leverage for a prisoner exchange in 2004. The capturing of two Israeli soldiers by Hezbollah ignited the 2006 Lebanon War. Its ceasefire called for the disarmament of Hezbollah and the remaining armed camps of the PLO, and for Lebanon to control its southern border militarily for the first time in four decades.

paragraphs: Hostilities were suspended on 8 September 2006. As of 2009 Hezbollah had not disarmed. On 18 June 2008, Israel declared that it was open to peace talks with Lebanon.