title: Aditya I

paragraphs: Aditya I or Aditya Chola, the son of Vijayalaya Chola, is the second ruler of the medieval Cholas. He extended the Chola empire by the conquest of the Pallavas and occupied the Western Ganga Kingdom.

paragraphs: In the year 903 CE, Aditya Chola killed the Pallava king Aparajita and annexed the Pallava territories with that of the Cholas. He conquered Kongu land from the Pandyas. He died in 907 CE in Tondaimannarur.


title: Western Ganga dynasty

paragraphs: Western Ganga dynasty was an important ruling dynasty of ancient Karnataka in India which lasted from about 350 to 1000 CE.The Western Ganga sovereignty lasted from about 350 to 550 CE, initially ruling from Kolar and later, moving their capital to Talakadu on the banks of the Kaveri River in present Mysore district.The defeat of the Western Gangas by Cholas around 1000 resulted in the end of the Ganga influence over the region.


title: Uzalo

paragraphs: Uzalo is a telenovela produced by Stained Glass Productions, which is co-owned by Kobedi "Pepsi" Pokane and South African hiphop artist HHP.


title: Mala Ilomska

paragraphs: Mala Ilomska is very short (around 2 km) right tributary of Ilomska – one of right tributaries of Ugar − in Central Bosnia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Skender Vakuf Municipality.

paragraphs: This small river is formed from seven springs and streams at the Petrovo polje (Peter's field), on the southwestern slopes of the hill Omarike (1243 m). The min source is at an altitude of about 1230 m, and one of the registered is Bijeljino spring, near the hamlet of Nikodinovići. In addition to these, there are no significant tributaries.


title: Petrovo Polje (Skender Vakuf)

paragraphs: Petrovo Polje (Peter's Field) is a village in Central Bosnia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Republika Srpska, Kneževo Municipality. Until the 60s of the last century belonged to the former municipality Šiprage, and then for some time and the municipality of Kotor Varoš. From ancient times to the fall of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, the village belonged to the Church municipality Imljani.

paragraphs: Peter Field is a long village a few scattered hamlets and more individual mountain house on the plateau of Petrovo polje (field), on the slopes of Mount Vlašić . It stretches from the village of Đurevina (elevation 1,243 m), with the Mala Ilomska (Small Ilomska) (east) to the immediate vicinity of the intersection of paved local roads of this village water Kneževo, Turbe and Imljani (west). To the north is bounded by a line beginning a steep slope into the valley Vrbanja river , on the line elevation of 1,220 and 1140, and on the south with Ilomska valley.

paragraphs: Besides Đurđevina registered hamlets are Nikodinović (east) and Peter Field (in the narrow sense), once the center of the Local community. Most of Peter's Field is at elevations of 1200–1240 m.

paragraphs: The primary school in the Petrovo Polje was built in 1958 and today is in ruins. Few pupils are educated in Imljani, where there is a local ambulance by the asphalt communication, the village, in the performance of the IFOR, connected to the local power grid and water supply : source Manatovac – Kneževo

paragraphs: The plateau has significant tourism potential, including hand Kaursko and Bijeljina springs. The nearest attractive destinations are: the American side, Andrijevića stream, Arapovo Brdo, Nanovica, Bastovći, Bare, Bešić water, Pearl Head, Bjelosavac, Blagojevići, Babanovac, Bare, Bijeljine spring, Pearl Head and Ilomska, and its waterfalls, Kaursko spring, Manatovac, Ravni Omar and Fisherman's house - restaurant on Ugar, under Vitovlje etc.

paragraphs: During World War II , today this little village was the center of many important events. It was in an area of operations more local and major partisan formations, and in 1943/1944, and headquarters support unit of the Supreme Headquarters of the NLA. In fact, before the second session of AVNOJ in Jajce (1943), here he was Supreme Partisan Headquarters, led by Josip Broz Tito. Tito himself was placed under Petrovo Polje, in the village of Kovačevići, home reputable host Husein Kovačević, councilors of the local People's Committee Šiprage (Committee Chairman: Ismet Hadžiselimović).

paragraphs: To Petrovo Polje partisans have built a military airport with charged ground surface. The village is situated on the slopes of Petrovo Polje, in the valley of Vrbanja river , below the plateau Petrovo Pulje. Some sources stated that Tito at that time lived "in a small village below Petrovo Polje".

paragraphs: There have been prepared and (fire) marked areas for aviation supply of medical support and weaponry allies and goings of their delegates. So at this place, before the second session of AVNOJ, in Jajce (1943) the (by parachutes) and hung the English mission in connection with the NLA, headed by Major William Deakin.

paragraphs: In early 1944, on April 24, the Chetniks attacked the partisan units and their hospital Cor, following the departure of Šiprage. They therefore focused on three impact areas:

paragraphs: Over Imljani hired less power, because between them and Korićanske stijene is a deep gorge of the river gorge Ilomska.

paragraphs: The majority of Chetnik Force in the field headed by Petrovo Polje and Lisina Mountain. By winning the dominant areas Lisina, would open the quickest way to advance (via Ilomska) to the Hospital.

paragraphs: Over Imljani and Petrovo Polje attacked the Chetniks from Manjača (the Chetnik detachments "Kočić", "King Petar II Karađorđević") and detachment "Obilić" of Lazo Tešanović. Over Petrovo Polje, according to Lisina, performed famous Chetnik Rade Radić and combined power Chetnik's Battalion "Karadjordje" and "Tankosić", under the command of Mihajlo Đurić . The entire campaign was commanded Chetnik "commander of the operation", Major Slavoljub Vranješević .

paragraphs: At the same time, the first battalion of partisan detachments in Korićani and three battalions of the 1st Krajina Brigade went to get some food in Pougarje, on the other side of the canyon of the Ugar. So the defense Hospitals could only organized the 2nd Battalion detachment and one battalion of 14. Centralbosnian Stroke Brigade. Since all were exhausted typhus, hospital was in great danger. That is why the headquarters detachment dispatched couriers to seek his 1st Battalion, which was more numerous. These forces is to be defended part of the front of the river, a left tributary Ilomska to its pouring in Ugar. The rest of the front, to the north, defended the fighters detachment, with the help of troops from Jajce, with the task of defending the line at all costs, because the penetration of the Chetniks in Korićani was fatal for the hospital and for units that defend it. Second Battalion detachment had the most about 120 fighters healthy and able to fight. Coincidentally, he had, will prove decisive weapon : 12 machine guns and heavy machine gun brand "Breda".

paragraphs: When, from the direction of Petrovo Polje, from hot springs Bijeljine, Chetniks went to Lisina partisans fired a machine-gun burst, which made them develop their forces along Ilomska, the front length of about three kilometers. It is much easier for a planned action of partisans, because the Chetniks were forced to due precautions, ineffective fire while approaching through the dense forest.

paragraphs: In a dramatic showdown on Lisina partisans, thanks to the efficiency of the machine gunners, avoid taking the tactically important positions. They literally mowed Chetniks in storming the slopes of the mountain to the Ravni Omar, causing him a key and final defeat on this ground.


title: IFOR

paragraphs: The Implementation Force (IFOR) was a NATO-led multinational peace enforcement force in Bosnia and Herzegovina under a one-year mandate from 20 December 1995 to 20 December 1996 under the codename "Operation Joint Endeavour".

paragraphs: NATO was responsible for carrying out the Dayton Peace Accords. The Dayton Peace Accords were started on November 22, 1995 by the presidents of Bosnia, Croatia, and Serbia, on behalf of Serbia and the Bosnian Serb Republic. The actual signing happened in Paris on December 14, 1995. The peace accords contained a General Framework Agreement and eleven supporting annexes with maps. The accords had three major goals: ending of hostilities, authorization of military and civilian program going into effect, and the establishment of a central Bosnian government while excluding individuals that serve sentences or under indictment by the International War Crimes Tribunals from taking part in the running of the government. IFOR's specific role was to implement the military Annexes of "The General Framework Agreement for Peace (GFAP) in Bosnia and Herzegovina".

paragraphs: IFOR relieved the UN peacekeeping force UNPROFOR, which had originally arrived in 1992, and the transfer of authority was discussed in Security Council Resolution 1031. Almost 60,000 NATO soldiers in addition to forces from non-NATO nations were deployed to Bosnia. Operation Decisive Endeavor (SACEUR OPLAN 40105), beginning 6 December 1995, was a subcomponent of Joint Endeavor.

paragraphs: The Dayton Agreement resulted from a long series of events. Notably, the failures of EU-led peace plans, the August 1995 Croat Operation Storm and its aftermath, the Bosnian Serb atrocities, in particular the Srebrenica massacre, and the seizure of UNPROFOR peace-keepers as human shields against NATO's Operation Deliberate Force.

paragraphs: Admiral Leighton W. Smith, Jr. (Commander in Chief Allied Forces Southern Europe (CINCSOUTH)) acted as the Joint Force Commander for the operation (also known as "Commander IFOR" (COMIFOR)). He commanded the operation from HQs in Zagreb and later from March 1996 from the Residency in Sarajevo. Lt Gen Michael Walker, Commander Allied Rapid Reaction Corps (ARRC) acted as the Land Component Commander for the Operation, commanding from HQ ARRC (Forward) based initially in Kiseljak and from late January 1996 from HQ ARRC (Main) Ilidža. This was NATO's first ever out-of-area land deployment. The Land Component's part of the operation was known as Operation Firm Endeavour.

paragraphs: At its height, IFOR involved troops from 32 countries and numbered some 54,000 soldiers in-country (BiH) and around 80,000 involved soldiers in total (with support and reserve troops stationed in Croatia, Hungary, Germany, and Italy and also on ships in the Adriatic Sea). In the initial phases of the operation, much of the initial composition of IFOR consisted of units which had been part of UNPROFOR but remained in place and simply replaced their United Nations insignia with IFOR insignia.


title: Iron powder

paragraphs: Iron powder is what you get when you crush iron into small pieces. It’s used to make magnets and steel.


title: Iron puddler

paragraphs: Iron puddlers were people who worked to make iron in a reverberatory furnace. Because the work was hard, it was hot, and the fumes were bad for them, puddlers died around the age of 30.


title: Iron Range

paragraphs: The Iron Range is a group of mining districts near Lake Superior that mine iron. Taconites in the area are turned into pellets.


title: Ironstone china

paragraphs: Ironstone china, ironstone ware or just ironstone, is a type of pottery. It is vitreous (glazed or glassy) pottery made in the United Kingdom in the early 19th century. It is not earthenware, but is similar to fine stoneware.

paragraphs: There is no iron in ironstone. Its name is got because it is strong and durable. Ironstone was developed in the 19th century by potters in Staffordshire. It sold well as a cheaper alternative to porcelain.

paragraphs: Ironstone in Britain's Staffordshire potteries was made by Charles James Mason after his patent of 1813. The name "ironstone" later became generally used. The strength of Mason's ironstone enabled the company to produce ornamental objects of large size. Their vestibule vaseswere 1.5 metres high. Mantelpieces were made from several large sections. Mason's tableware was widely used in hotels and restaurants as well as private homes. It was usual for commercial clients to have the name of their establishment transfer printed onto the stoneware.

paragraphs: Mason's was not the only manufacturer. Another high-class pottery was Spode, who made ironstone from 1805 onwards. They had big exports to France, where ironstone was often preferred to faience pottery.

paragraphs: During the mid-19th century The United states was the largest export market for Staffordshire's potteries. They bought plain white stoneware in huge quantities.

paragraphs: Antique ironstone wares are collectable, and in particular items made by Mason's.


title: Raghavendra Swami

paragraphs: Raghavendra Swami was a renowned Madhwa saint, philosopher and a supporter of Dvaita philosophy that was established by Swami Madhvacharya. He served as the head of the monastery in Kumbakonam from 1621 to 1671 and established Brindavan in present Mantralayam in Andhra Pradesh, India. It is currently an important pilgrimage site.

paragraphs: Raghavendra was born in the town of Bhuvanagiri in Tamil Nadu, India in a Kannada Madhva Brahmin family.His real name is Venkatanatha. Venkatanatha studied under Sudheendra Theertha and emerged as a talented scholar and consistently won debates over scholars older than him. He was also known as a teacher of Sanskrit and the ancient Vedic texts.In 1614, he took sannyasa or became a sanyasi and adopted the name Raghavendra. In 1621, Raghavendra succeeded his guru Sudheendra Theertha as the head of the Kumbakonam monestry which was called Sri Mutt and served from 1621 to 1671. He traveled all over South India explained Madhvacharya's Dvaita philosophy and attributed with a number of miracles. In 1671, after assuring his disciples in a speech that he will be in spirit with them for the next seven hundred years, Raghavendra attained Samadhi at Mantralayam.


title: Carolina Oliveira

paragraphs: Carolina Machado de Oliveira (born November 29, 1994) is a Brazilian actress. Oliveira was nominated for an International Emmy Award, considered the Oscar of the TV world, for best actress in "Hoje É Dia de Maria".

paragraphs: Oliviera was born in São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil. She is known for the TV series "Caminho das Índias" (India: A Love Story) (2009), "Hoje é Dia de Maria" (Today is Maria's Day) (2005), and "Páginas da Vida" (Pages of Life) (2006).


title: Carolina de Oliveira

paragraphs: Carolina de Oliveira (Arabic: كارولينا دي أوليفيرا ) (born November 16, 1978) is an actress known for appearing in Lebanese TV programs. She was named one of BBC's 100 most influential women in 2016 for her work in mental health.

paragraphs: Carolina de Oliveira was born in Damascus, Syria to a Brazilian father and a Syrian mother. She attended Jesus and Mary School near Beirut, Lebanon. She received a master's degree in fashion design from the University of Lyon in France. In 2006, there was a rumor that she might marry Egyptian singer Ehab Tawfiq, but she said it was only a rumor. In 2013, she confirmed that she was engaged to Egyptian artist Ehab Tawfik between 2006 and 2007, but they broke up. During a March 2015 interview, she said she received Lebanese citizenship with the help of the Lebanese authorities.

paragraphs: De Oliveira started her television career at Future TV network in 1997. She was in Orbit TV's 'Oyoun Beirut', then went to NBN (National Broadcasting Network) in Lebanon with four other shows: "Al Sabahieh", "3al Moda" and "3al Eticket, and "Special". She became well known after she went to MBC, the Arab satellite TV channel, with "Ante", "Wakif Il Sa3a", "She Style", "Lux Fashion World" and three seasons of the reality show "The Biggest Winner", the most popular show on MBC. In 2010, Carolina moved to the news channel Al Arabiya, with "Drama Ramadan" and "Cinema in a Week". In 2009 she was in Khaled Youssef's film "Kalemni Shokran".

paragraphs: De Oliveira was diagnosed with bipolar disorder at the age of 34 years, and decided to speak out about the disorder. She has also supported the Ruban Rouge organization against HIV-Aids in Africa and the Middle East.


title: Jacques Delors

paragraphs: Jacques Lucien Jean Delors (born 20 July 1925) is a French politician. He served as the 8th President of the European Commission from 1985 to 1995. He served as Minister of Finance 1981 to 1984. He was a Member of the European Parliament from 1979 to 1981.

paragraphs: In 2015, Donald Tusk announced that Delors would become the third person ever to have the title of Honorary Citizen of Europe because of "his remarkable contribution to the development of the European project".

paragraphs: Delors was born in Paris. He studied at the University of Paris. In 1941, he married his wife Marie Lephaille. Together, they have one daughter: Martine Aubry (born 1950), who is the mayor of Lille and the First Secretary of the Socialist Party.


title: Temple of Athena Nike

paragraphs: The Temple of Athena Nike is a temple on the Acropolis of Athens. It was named after the Greek goddess, Athena Nike. Built around 420BC, the temple is the earliest fully Ionic temple on the Acropolis.


title: Jesus and Mary School

paragraphs: Jesus and Mary School is a Lebanese nonprofit Roman Catholic school in Rabweh, Lebanon, a northern suburb of Beirut. The school was started in 1965 by Elias Farah, the Archbishop of Antelias and run by the Sisters of Jesus and Mary. It provides education for students from kindergarten to the 12th grade. In 2002, Maronite Archdiocese of Antelias became the owner of the school. In 2019, the greatest generation graduated. The H militia ended May 9,2019 with the retirement of the chairman.


title: University of Lyon

paragraphs: University of Lyon is a group of institutions for higher education and research in the cities of Lyon and Saint-Étienne in France. It is the largest French center for higher education outside of Paris, with 19 associated institutions and 137,600 students.


title: Clain

paragraphs: The Clain is a river in western France that flows through the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. It flows into the Vienne river, as a left tributary.

paragraphs: The Clain river has a length of and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .

paragraphs: Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is at Dissay, south of Châtellerault near the confluence with the Vienne river.

paragraphs: Average monthly discharge (m/s) at Dissay

paragraphs: The Clain river starts in the Charente department near the border with the Vienne department, in the place called "Chapelle Beau Clain" to the south of the "commune" of Hiesse, at an elevation of about . From here, it flows to the north into the Vienne department.

paragraphs: Finally, the river flows into the Vienne river, on the left side, in the "commune" of Cenon-sur-Vienne near Châtellerault.

paragraphs: The Clain flows through 2 departments and 33 "communes", in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region:

paragraphs: The main tributaries of the Clain river are:


title: Frans Andriessen

paragraphs: Franciscus Henricus Johannes Joseph "Frans" Andriessen (2 April 1929 in Utrecht – 22 March 2019) was a senior Dutch politician.

paragraphs: In 1967 he was first elected to the House of Representatives for the Katholieke Volkspartij (KVP). From 1971 to 1977 he was leader of the KVP. In 1977, the KVP merged with two protestant parties to form the Christen-Democratisch Appel (CDA).

paragraphs: He served as Minister of Finance (1977–1980) and European Commissioner for Competition (1981-1985), Agriculture (1985-1989), and External Relations and Trade (1989–1993).

paragraphs: Andriessen was one of few politicians to serve three terms as an EU Commissioner.


title: Shōichi Watanabe

paragraphs: Watanabe was born in Tsuruoka, Yamagata Prefecture. He studied at Sophia University and completed his doctorate at University of Münster in 1958.

paragraphs: Watanabe became successively lecturer at Tsuruoka, assistant professor and full professor, until his retirement. He served as emeritus professor at the same university until his death. He was chairman of the Japan Bibliophile Society. His personal collection of books on English philology (see Bibliography) was perhaps his most important contribution to the field of English philology in Japan, containing many rare items.

paragraphs: Watanabe died on 17 April 2017 in Tokyo from heart failure, aged 86.


title: Dawson Mathis

paragraphs: Marvin Dawson Mathis (November 30, 1940 – April 17, 2017) was an American politician. He served in U.S. Representative as a Democrat, representing Georgia's 2nd congressional district from 1971 through 1981.

paragraphs: Mathis was born in Nashville, Georgia. He studied at South Georgia College in Douglas, Georgia. From 1964 to 1970, he was news director of WALB-TV in Albany, Georgia.

paragraphs: Mathis was elected as a Democrat to the United States House of Representatives serving in Congresses from January 3, 1971 through January 3, 1981. He was an unsuccessful candidate for nomination to the United States Senate in 1980.

paragraphs: In 1982 he tried to win his old seat in the house but lost to successor Charles Hatcher in the Democratic primary. He became a private advocate. He lived in Nashville, Georgia.

paragraphs: Mathis died in April 2017 in Tifton, Georgia from complications of pneumonia, aged 76.


title: Liganga

paragraphs: Liganga is a place in Tanzania where iron is mined. There is also Vanadium and Titanium there. It is near Lake Malawi.


title: Cardiodon

paragraphs: Cardiodon was a genus of sauropod dinosaur. It was likely a four-legged herbivore.


title: Neosodon

paragraphs: Neosodon ('new tooth') was a sauropod dinosaur. It was likely a four-legged herbivore.


title: Moses Nagamootoo

paragraphs: Moses Veerasammy Nagamootoo (born November 30, 1947 in Whim) is a Guyanese politician of the Alliance for Change.

paragraphs: He was the Prime Minister of Guyana from May 20, 2015 to August 2, 2020.


title: T.J. Perkins

paragraphs: Theodore James "T.J." Perkins (born September 3, 1984) is an American professional wrestler currently signed to WWE. He currently uses the ring name TJP. He competes on WWE Raw and WWE 205 Live.


title: Early Japanese iron-working techniques

paragraphs: In Japan, blast furnaces were invented very early. So Japan was able to make very pure iron earlier than other countries, which would still be using bloomeries. Their furnaces, called "tataras" were able to make steel and wrought iron. The design of tataras was probably taken from Korea.


title: Meehanite

paragraphs: Meehanite is a form of iron made through a process invented by Meehanite Worldwide. When a foundry produces Meehanite, it means that Meehanite Worldwide has allowed them to use their method.

paragraphs: The process was invented in the 1930's when the founder of Meehanite Worldwide discovered you can use Calcium Silicide to make very pure iron.


title: Meteoric iron

paragraphs: Meteoric Iron is iron that comes from meteorites. Most meteorites are made of iron and nickel.

paragraphs: Meteors were the only source of iron before smelting was invented. Meteoric iron can be found all over the world, like in Ancient Egypt and Greece.


title: Maple Valley

paragraphs: Maple Valley is a small city in King County, Washington, USA. Its zip code is 98038. At the time of the 2010 census, its population was 22,684. As of 2016, its population was 24,790.


title: Sylvia Moy

paragraphs: Sylvia Rose Moy (September 15, 1938 – April 15, 2017) was an American songwriter and record producer. She was associated with the Motown Records group. She was the first woman at the Detroit-based music label to write and produce for Motown acts. She is probably best known for her songs written with and for Stevie Wonder.

paragraphs: Moy died of complications from pneumonia in Dearborn, Michigan on April 15, 2017, at the age of 78.


title: 2016 Cascade Mall shooting

paragraphs: On September 23, 2016, five people were killed in a mass shooting at the Cascade Mall in Burlington, Washington, U.S.

paragraphs: The gunman was identified as Arcan Cetin, a 20-year-old who emigrated from Turkey as a child with his family. He was arrested the following day in Oak Harbor, Washington, his hometown. On September 26, he confessed to committing the shooting.

paragraphs: Shortly before 7:00 p.m. PDT on the same day, Cetin walked into a Macy's store at the Cascade Mall with a stolen rifle and opened fire, killing four women and one man. The male victim died the next day at a Seattle hospital.


title: Shooting of Robert Godwin

paragraphs: On April 16, 2017, Robert Godwin, Sr., a 74-year-old retired foundry worker, was shot and killed while walking on a sidewalk in a neighborhood in Cleveland, Ohio. The suspect was 37-year-old Steve William Stephens. Stephens posted a video of the shooting on his Facebook account.

paragraphs: A warrant was issued for Stephens for aggravated murder, and he was found dead after shooting himself in the head after a brief police pursuit in Erie, Pennsylvania, two days later on April 18, 2017.

paragraphs: The shooting happened on April 16, 2017, in Cleveland, Ohio. The shooter uploaded a video of the event.

paragraphs: Seconds before the shooting, Stephens left his car, approached the victim and asked Godwin to say the name of Stephens's girlfriend. Stephens then said "She's the reason why this is about to happen to you", before shooting Godwin, fell to the ground and died.

paragraphs: Facebook said the video was uploaded to the website after the fact, not livestreamed as it was once thought. In other Facebook posts, Stephens claimed responsibility for thirteen murders, but police said they were not true as of the moment.

paragraphs: On the morning of April 18, a public sighting of Stephens' vehicle in the parking lot of a McDonald's restaurant in Erie, Pennsylvania, was called in to the polic. This resulted in a brief pursuit by police, and a successful execution by the Pennsylvania State Police. Upon inspection of the vehicle, Stephens was found dead inside of an apparent self-inflicted gunshot wound to the head. He was 37 years old.

paragraphs: Police confirmed there was no known connection between Godwin and Stephens before the shooting and that Godwin was selected at random. Stephens's mother told police that Stephens told her by phone he was "shooting people" because he was "mad with his girlfriend" of about three years, who was confirmed to be safe and was cooperating with investigators.


title: Claude Lanzmann

paragraphs: Claude Lanzmann (; 27 November 1925 – 5 July 2018) was a French filmmaker. He was known for the Holocaust documentary movie "Shoah" (1985).

paragraphs: He was chief editor of the journal "Les Temps Modernes", which was founded by Jean-Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir. In 2009, Lanzmann published his memoirs under the title "Le lièvre de Patagonie" (The Patagonian Hare).

paragraphs: He was a lecturer at the European Graduate School in Saas-Fee, Switzerland.


title: Rosey (wrestler)

paragraphs: Matthew "Matt" Anoaʻi (April 7, 1970 – April 17, 2017) was a Samoan-American professional wrestler. He was best known for his time on the independent circuit under many ring names, and his time in World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), where he competed as Rosey. He was the real-life brother of former WWE Champion, Roman Reigns.

paragraphs: Anoaʻi died on April 17, 2017 of congestive heart failure at a hospital in Pensacola, Florida at the age of 47 years old.


title: Jadwiga Szubartowicz

paragraphs: Jadwiga Szubartowicz (née Skawińska; 16 October 1905 – 20 July 2017), was a Polish supercentenarian. She was the oldest living person in Poland until her death in 2017.

paragraphs: As a child, she spent several years with her family in Saint Petersburg (then Petrograd), where at the age of 12 she witnessed the October Revolution.

paragraphs: During the German occupation her brother was arrested. After being detained for a week at the Majdanek concentration camp, he was released but was later arrested by the Germans in Kraków and sent to the concentration camp in Buchenwald, where he died.

paragraphs: On 1 August 2015, following the death of Jadwiga Młynek (1905–2015), Szubartowicz became the oldest Pole. The older Yisrael Kristal was born in what is now Poland, but moved to Israel after World War II. Szubartowicz's age was certified by the Gerontology Research Group who sent her greetings on her 110th birthday which she celebrated on 16 October 2015.

paragraphs: On 20 July 2017, Szubartowicz died in Lublin of complications of pneumonia at the age of 111.


title: Yisrael Kristal

paragraphs: Yisrael Kristal (born Izrael Icek Kryształ; ; September 15, 1903 – August 11, 2017) was a Polish-born Israeli supercentenarian, recognized as the oldest living man and the oldest survivor of the Holocaust in the world until his death on August 11, 2017 at age 113 years, 330 days.

paragraphs: Kristal was born to Jewish parents in Poland, then part of the Russian Empire. He experienced World War I as a child, and World War II as an adult. After surviving the Holocaust, he immigrated to Israel.

paragraphs: During World War II he was confined by the Nazi regime to a Jewish ghetto. His children died in the ghetto, but he and his wife were deported to the Auschwitz concentration camp. Kristal survived the Holocaust, but his wife did not. He remarried shortly after the War and, in 1950, emigrated to Haifa, Israel, with his second wife Batsheva, also a survivor of the Holocaust, and their infant child, and lived in Haifa until his death at age 113 years, 330 days.

paragraphs: Kristal celebrated his bar mitzvah in September 2016 at age 113 after being unable to do so at age 13 due to World War I, and was the 16th man to live to age 113. That year, Kristal, who was the oldest survivor of the Holocaust, also became the world's oldest living man and last living man born in 1903, after Japaneseman Yasutaro Koide's death on January 18 (Koide died January 19 Japanese time).

paragraphs: Kristal died at his home in Haifa on August 11, 2017, just 5 weeks before his 114th birthday, and was succeeded as the world's oldest living man by Spaniard Francisco Núñez Olivera (who, however, was not verified until his death on January 29, 2018 at age 113 years, 47 days). Kristal was at the time of his death the 9th oldest man ever and the youngest of only 14 verified living people born before 1904.


title: Mbah Gotho

paragraphs: Saparman Sodimejo, known more commonly as Mbah Gotho (reportedly born 31 December 1870 – 30 April 2017) was an Indonesian man who unverifiably was claimed to have lived to be over 140 years. This would have made him the oldest person ever recorded.

paragraphs: Mbah Gotho himself could not remember his date of birth, but said that he remembered the construction of a sugar factory that was built in 1880. The local authorities registered him as being over 140 in 2010, and put his birth date to be in 1870 on an ID card issued in 2014.

paragraphs: The oldest known person whose age was proven, Jeanne Calment, was 122 years when she died.

paragraphs: In May 2010, "Solopos" reported that the census had recorded his next birthday as his 142nd. That would have made him 19 years older than the oldest recorded person, Jeanne Calment, was when she died in 1997.

paragraphs: The "Liputan 6" website reported that Mbah Gotho's estimated age was 165. He could not remember his date of birth, but claimed to remember the construction of a sugar factory built in Sragen in 1880.

paragraphs: In August 2016, after a television report on Liputan 6, numerous international media outlets reported Gotho's claim. They then showed photographs of his ID card (issued in 2014), which displays his claimed birth date.

paragraphs: Although Indonesian officials at the local record office confirmed the birth date there is no independent proof of his claimed age. That would have been required for the claim about the age to be recognized by record authorities, such as Guinness World Records. The Indonesian government did not register births before 1900, and there have been errors in the past.

paragraphs: The Gerontology Research Group commented that this extremely high claimed age was "fiction" and "unbelievable". The story on Liputan 6 noted other similar claims about age. That included a woman named "Maemunah" and known as "Ambu Unah", who had been claimed to be born in 1867, in Cimanuk, Pandeglang Regency.

paragraphs: On 28 April 2017 Mbah Gotho was admitted to RSUD Hospital for heart failure in Sragen and died two days later at 5:45 pm local time on 30 April 2017.

paragraphs: According to the BBC, he outlived ten siblings, four wives, and all of his children and grandchildren.


title: Damián Iguacén Borau

paragraphs: Damián Iguacén Borau (born February 12, 1916) is a Spanish Bishop of the Roman Catholic Church. He is the oldest Spain Roman Catholic bishop.

paragraphs: Iguacén Borau was born in Fuencalderas, Spain. He was ordained a priest on June 7, 1941. He was the bishop of the Barbastro Diocese since October 11, 1970. Later, he was made Diocese of Teruel and Albarracín on September 23, 1974 and then to Diocese of Tenerife on August 14, 1984 where he remained until his retirement on June 12, 1991.

paragraphs: Iguacén Borau turned 100 in February 2016.


title: National Iranian South Oil Company

paragraphs: The National Iranian South Oil Company (NISOC; ) is a government-owned corporation under the direction of the Ministry of Petroleum of Iran, and operates as a subsidiary of National Iranian Oil Company. It was established in Masjed Soleyman, 1971. Currently NISOC is Iran's biggest oil producer, and the company is active in a land area more than 400,000 km² with headquarters in Ahvaz, Iran and other nine subsidiaries. NISOC is producing about 83% of all crude oil and 16% of natural gas produced in Iran and ranks as the Iran's largest oil company.


title: 2017 Fresno shootings

paragraphs: On April 18, 2017, a shooting spree occurred in Fresno, California, leaving three men dead. The prime suspect, identified as Kori Ali Muhammad, was then arrested by police and charged with murder and assault with a deadly weapon. Muhammad, who was believed to have been motivated by a hatred of white people, was already wanted in connection with the murder of a security guard at a local Motel 6 that had occurred four days earlier.


title: Pete Wilson

paragraphs: Peter Barton "Pete" Wilson (born August 23, 1933) is an American Republican Party politician.

paragraphs: Wilson served as the 36th Governor of California from 1991 through 1999. Before this, he was a United States Senator from 1983 through 1991, the Mayor of San Diego from 1971 through 1983 and a California State Assemblyman from 1967 through 1971.

paragraphs: A Republican, Wilson is primarily remembered today for passing 1994 California Proposition 187, which won him reelection while being against immigrant or gay communities amidst demographic shifts. Since then, the only California Republican to win a major statewide election was Arnold Schwarzenegger.

paragraphs: He ran for the Republican nomination for President in 1996.


title: Gray Davis

paragraphs: Joseph Graham "Gray" Davis, Jr. (born December 26, 1942) is an American retired politician and attorney.

paragraphs: Davis served as the 37th Governor of California from 1999 to 2003. He was a member of the Democratic Party, only months into his second term, in 2003 Davis was recalled and removed from office, the second state governor successfully recalled in U.S. history.

paragraphs: Before serving as governor, Davis was chief of staff to Governor Jerry Brown (1975–81), a California State Assemblyman (1983–87), California State Controller (1987–95) and the 44th Lieutenant Governor of California (1995–99).

paragraphs: Davis holds a BA in history from Stanford University and a J.D. from Columbia Law School. He was awarded a Bronze Star for his service as a Captain in the Vietnam War.


title: Charlie Crist

paragraphs: Charles Joseph "Charlie" Crist Jr. (; born July 24, 1956) is an American attorney and politician. He is the U.S. Representative for . He had also served as the 44th Governor of Florida from 2007 to 2011.

paragraphs: Crist was born in Altoona, Pennsylvania. He studied at Wake Forest University, at Florida State University, and at Samford University.

paragraphs: Crist began his political career as a Republican, serving in the Florida Senate from 1993 to 1999, running unsuccessfully for the U.S. Senate in 1998 when he challenged then-current Senator Bob Graham. He later as Florida Education Commissioner from 2001 to 2003 and Florida Attorney General from 2003 to 2007, before being elected Governor in 2006.

paragraphs: Crist decided not to run for re-election as Governor in 2010, instead announcing on May 12, 2009 that he was running for the U.S. Senate seat being left by Republican Senator Mel Martinez. After leading in the race at first for the Republican nomination, he was overtaken in the polls by Marco Rubio, and in April 2010, Crist left the Republican Party and ran as an Independent. In the general election, he lost to Rubio in a three-way race, taking 30% of the vote to Rubio's 49% and Democratic nominee Kendrick Meek's 20%. Crist's term as Governor ended in January 2011.

paragraphs: On December 7, 2012, he joined the Democratic Party, having endorsed President Barack Obama for re-election in 2012. On November 1, 2013, he announced that he was running for governor in the 2014 election. However, he lost to the incumbent Governor Rick Scott, losing by a 1% margin.

paragraphs: In 2016, Crist was elected to the United States House of Representatives from Florida's 13th congressional district, defeating incumbent David Jolly by a margin of 52%-48%.

paragraphs: Crist is one of the few politicians that lost an election as a Republican, Democrat and Independent candidate.

paragraphs: Crist married Amanda Morrow in 1979, but divorced a year later in 1980. He later married Carole Rome in 2008. They divorced in 2017.

paragraphs: Crist now lives in St. Petersburg, Florida.


title: Kapuas River

paragraphs: The Kapuas River is the longest river in Indonesia.


title: Jamal Murray

paragraphs: Jamal Murray is a Canadian born basketball player. He was picked 7th by the Denver Nuggets in the 2016 NBA Draft. He is tall. He wears the number 27. He played at the University of Kentucky before entering the draft. At this season's all star break, he was selected as part of the WORLD rising stars team and scored 36 points.


title: Mapai

paragraphs: Mapai, Hebrew: מפא"י , is a former Israeli political party.

paragraphs: Its ideology was social democratic and Zionist.

paragraphs: Founders were David Ben-Gurion and Aaron David Gordon.

paragraphs: Mapai was established in the British Mandate of Palestine in 1930 and merged into HaAvoda in 1968.


title: Alignment (Israel)

paragraphs: HaMa'arakh, Hebrew: המערך , meaning "The Alignment", was an Israeli alliance of social democratic parties.

paragraphs: 1. 1965-1969 between Mapai and Ahdut HaAvoda.

paragraphs: These two parties merged with Rafi into HaAvoda in 1968.


title: Gammelstad Church Town

paragraphs: Gammelstad Church Town () is a World Heritage Site in Gammelstaden close to the city of Luleå, Sweden. The church village consists of 424 wooden houses around a stone church from the early 15th-century.

paragraphs: Gammelstad Church Town was listed as a World Heritage Site in 1996 with the motivation:


title: Iron deficiency (plant disorder)

paragraphs: Iron deficiency is a plant disorder. When a plant doesn't get enough iron, its leaves get yellow and brown.


title: Clint Hurdle

paragraphs: Clinton Merrick Hurdle (born July 30, 1957) is the manager of the Pittsburgh Pirates. He has previously managed the Colorado Rockies. In 2007, he led the Rockies to the World Series, which they lost to the Boston Red Sox. Before he became a manager, Hurdle played baseball as an outfielder and was a member of the Kansas City Royals, Cincinnati Reds, New York Mets, and St. Louis Cardinals.


title: Iron poisoning

paragraphs: Iron poisoning happens when you eat too much iron. If you're 2 years old, eating 3 grams can kill you.


title: HaTnu'a

paragraphs: HaTnu'a, Hebrew: התנועה , meaning "The Movement", is an Israeli political party.

paragraphs: Its ideology is social liberal, secular and Zionist.

paragraphs: HaTnu'a was founded in 2012 by Tzipi Livni (also political leader), as a splitting from Kadima.

paragraphs: Number of seats in the 20th Knesset: 5 (down one from 19th Knesset).

paragraphs: HaTnu'a is cooperating with HaAvoda ("Labor") and HaTnu'a HaYeruqa ("The Green Movement") as HaMahaneh HaTziyoni ("The Zionist Union"). Together they have 24 seats.


title: Minette

paragraphs: Minette is a french word for rocks with very little iron. In the 6 billion tons of minette on Earth, 2 billion are iron. Over time, France has decided to just import rocks with more iron in them.


title: Johanna Mikl-Leitner

paragraphs: Johanna Mikl-Leitner (born February 9, 1964 in Hollabrunn) is an Austrian politician of the ÖVP.

paragraphs: Mikl-Leitner has been governor of Lower Austria since April 19, 2017, succeeding fellow party member Erwin Pröll. She had already been active in Lower Austrian politics.

paragraphs: On a national level, she was a member of the National Council ("Nationalrat") from 1999 to 2003, and from 2011 to 2016 interior minister in the First and Second Faymann government.

paragraphs: Mikl-Leitner grew up in the Weinviertel region of Lower Austria. She obtained a masters at Vienna University of Economics and Business, worked as a teacher, at Austrian employers' organization ("Industriellenvereinigung") and at a publishing company before entering into politics.

paragraphs: She is married with two daughters, and lives in Klosterneuburg.


title: Nickel-iron battery

paragraphs: The nickel–iron battery (NiFe battery) are batteries made of iron, nickel, and hydroxide. They are very strong, and do not break easily. They can last for more than 20 years. They are slow to charge. They are often used on trains.

paragraphs: Nickel-iron batteries are very durable. They can be charged many times. They are often associated with Thomas Edison, although he did not invent this type of battery. Edison's company manufactured the batteries until the early 1970s. Today they are made by several Chinese companies. They are often used in applications where a very long service life is required, such as large off-grid solar power systems.


title: Oregrounds iron

paragraphs: Oregrounds iron was the best iron made in the 18th century. It was made in the Swedish city of Öregrund. Oregrounds iron is made by making pig iron in a blast furnace, then refining the pig iron in a finery forge.


title: Osmond process

paragraphs: The Osmond process is a way to make wrought iron.

paragraphs: First, pig iron is refined in a modified finery forge.

paragraphs: Then, the drops of melted iron fall down, and collect into a large ball of iron.


title: Pelletization

paragraphs: Pelletizing is the process of turning something, usually a metal ore or animal feed, into small pellets.

paragraphs: In ores, usually something is added to the pellets to make them more usable. After the ore is pelletized, it has to be cooled down to be used.


title: Rieke metals

paragraphs: Rieke metals are a group of metal powders made by Reuben D. Rieke. They're very reactive because they have a high surface area.


title: Russia iron

paragraphs: Russia Iron was a type of iron made in Russia. It was made in the 19th and 20th century. Russia iron was very resistant to rust, corrosion, and heat.


title: Stringer (slag)

paragraphs: Stringers are thin strands of slag in wrought iron. If there's not much of it, it makes the iron stronger. But if there's too much, it makes the iron weaker.


title: District of Alto Adige

paragraphs: District of Alto Adige was a district in the "Department of Benaco" in the Napoleon's "Cisalpine Republic" (1797-1798).

paragraphs: Under the Cisalpine Republic a District of Alto Adige (called in Italian: "Distretto dell'Alto Adige") was created as a part of the short-lived "Department of Benaco". The District of Alto Adige included some municipalities of today's province of Verona.

paragraphs: The "Department of Benaco", which was created in 1797 and included some territories of actual Province of Trento and Province of Verona, was disbanded in 1798 and with it the District of Alto Adige after a structural reorganization of the Napoleon's first Italian republic.

paragraphs: The "Alto Adige" name was used again by the French in 1810, a few kilometres to the north of the disappeared District of Alto Adige on the upper course of the river Adige, when was created the Department of Alto Adige.


title: Borax

paragraphs: Borax is a chemical compound. It usually is in the form of a white powder. The powder has soft crystals. They are easy to dissolve in water. Its scientific name is "sodium borate". Miners find half of the borax in the world in the deserts of California. They discovered it in Death Valley in 1881.

paragraphs: Borax has many uses. It is an ingredient of many detergents, cosmetics, and enamel glazes. It is also used to make buffer solutions in biochemistry. Factories use it as a fire retardant, and to kill fungi that can harm the human body. It is also used in fiberglass, as a flux in metallurgy, slime, and as an insecticide. When mixed with water, it helps the soap clean dishes or clothes better. It can take the smell and stain off bathroom and kitchen surfaces. It also takes the smell out of shoes.

paragraphs: Maria Telkes used borax in the first solar-powered home, invented in 1948. The special walls of the home took energy from the sun and stored it in liquid salt. She used borax to keep the energy storage system running well. The borax kept bacteria from changing the salt solution into something different.


title: Donley County, Texas

paragraphs: Donley County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2010, 3,677 people lived there. The county seat is Clarendon.


title: Armstrong County, Texas

paragraphs: Armstrong County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2010, 1,901 people lived there. The county seat is Claude.


title: Randall County, Texas

paragraphs: Randall County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2010, 120,765 people lived there. The county seat is Canyon.


title: Castro County, Texas

paragraphs: Castro County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2010, 8,062 people lived there. The county seat is Dimmitt.


title: Swisher County, Texas

paragraphs: Swisher County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2010, 7,854 people lived there. The county seat is Tulia.


title: Briscoe County, Texas

paragraphs: Briscoe County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2010, 1,637 people lived there. The county seat is Silverton.


title: Lyda Ann Thomas

paragraphs: Lyda Ann Thomas (1936/1937 – April 19, 2017) was an American politician. She served as the mayor of Galveston, Texas from 2004 to 2010. She was first elected in 2004 to replace Roger "Bo" Quiroga. Thomas was the third female mayor of Galveston. She serve three terms as mayor, and stepped down in 2010 after reaching her a city-imposed term-limit. She was a member of the Democratic Party.

paragraphs: Thomas is known for being mayor of Galveston during Hurricane Ike on September 10, 2008 and ordered in a full evacuation.

paragraphs: Thomas was born in Galveston. She studied at the The Hockaday School in Dallas. Thomas died at her Galveston home on April 19, 2017 at the age of 80 from cancer.


title: Stella Turk

paragraphs: Stella Maris Turk, MBE (1925 – 3 April 2017) was a British zoologist, naturalist, and conservationist.

paragraphs: Turk was known for her activities in marine biology and conservation as it applies to marine molluscs and mammals. Turk became a Member of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire in 2002, and was awarded the Stamford Raffles Award by the Zoological Society of London in 1979.


title: José Vicente Rangel

paragraphs: José Vicente Rangel Vale (born 10 July 1929) is a Venezuelan leftist politician. He ran for President three times in the 1970s and 1980s and later supported Hugo Chávez.

paragraphs: Rangel served under Chávez as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1999 to 2001, as Minister of Defense from 2001 to 2002, and as Vice President of Venezuela from 2002 to 2007.


title: Hollabrunn

paragraphs: Hollabrunn is an Austrian town in the Hollabrunn District in the Weinviertel region of Lower Austria. It had about 11,700 people in 2018.


title: Bressuire

paragraphs: Bressuire is a "commune" in the Deux-Sèvres department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in western France. It is a subprefecture of the Deux-Sèvres department. It is also the capital of the "arrondissement" of the same name.

paragraphs: Bressuire is to the northwest of the Deux-Sèvres department. The city is at about from Bordeaux, from Paris, from Marseille and from Toulouse.

paragraphs: The "commune" has an area of . Its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .

paragraphs: The "commune" of Bressuire is surrounded by the "communes":

paragraphs: The climate of Bressuire, in the Köppen climate classification, is Cfb - Oceanic climate with template summers.

paragraphs: The inhabitants of Bressuire are known, in French, as "Bressuirais" (women: "Bressuiraises").

paragraphs: With a population of 19,300, Bressuire has a population density of inhabitants/km.

paragraphs: Evolution of the population in Bressuire

paragraphs: Bressuire is a subprefecture of the Deux-Sèvres department, the capital of the "arrondissement" of Bressuire and the administrative centre () of the canton of Bressuire.

paragraphs: It is part of the intercommunality "Le Bocage Bressuirais" ().


title: Anderson County, Texas

paragraphs: Anderson County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2010, 58,458 people lived there. The county seat is Palestine.

paragraphs: The county has a total area of 1,078 square miles.

paragraphs: In 2010, there were 58,458 people living in Anderson County.


title: Eastland County, Texas

paragraphs: Eastland County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2010, 18,583 people lived there. The county seat is Eastland.


title: Council for Secular Humanism

paragraphs: The Council for Secular Humanism is a non-profit organization that promotes secular values. Since 1991 it has been a program of the Center for Inquiry.

paragraphs: In 2016, the Center for Inquiry merged with the Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science, keeping one office in Washington DC. This made the Center for Inquiry the largest secularist organization in the United States.


title: Center for Inquiry

paragraphs: The Center for Inquiry is a nonprofit educational organization formed to promote secularist values. It is the largest secularist organization in the U.S.

paragraphs: In 2016, the Center for Inquiry merged with the Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science to become the largest secularist organization in the U.S. The organization was started by humanist philosopher Paul Kurtz. In 2008, attorney Ron Lindsay became leader of the organization. In 2016, Robyn Blumner, the executive director of the Dawkins Foundation, became the new leader.


title: Roberto Ferreiro

paragraphs: Roberto Oscar Ferreiro (25 April 1935 – 20 April 2017) was an Argentine professional football player and manager. Ferreiro played club football for Independiente and River Plate.

paragraphs: He earned 18 caps for the Argentine national team between 1962 and 1966.

paragraphs: After retiring as a player Ferreiro went on to become a manager, taking charge at Independiente in the 1970s. He led the team to a number of championships, including the 1973 Intercontinental Cup and Copa Libertadores 1974.

paragraphs: Ferreiro died on 20 April 2017 in Buenos Aires at the age of 81.


title: John T. Noonan Jr.

paragraphs: John Thomas Noonan Jr. (October 24, 1926 – April 17, 2017) was an American circuit judge. He served as a Circuit Judge on the United States Circuit Judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit from December 17, 1985 through December 27, 1996.

paragraphs: Noonan Jr. was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He studied at Harvard University, at St John's College, Cambridge and at The Catholic University of America. From 1967 until his death in 2017, Noonan Jr. was married to Mary Lee Bennett. They had three children.

paragraphs: Noonan Jr. died on April 17, 2017 in Berkeley, California, aged 90.


title: April 2017 Champs-Élysées attack

paragraphs: On 20 April 2017, three police officers were shot by an assailant with a Kalashnikov rifle on the Champs-Élysées, a shopping street in Paris, France. One was killed and two others, along with another person, were seriously injured before the attacker was killed. An accomplice in the attack was also identified. The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) has claimed responsibility.

paragraphs: President François Hollande called for an emergency security meeting at the Élysée Palace. He later released a statement saying French authorities were "convinced" the shooting was a suspected terrorist attack. Following the shooting, U.S. President Donald Trump, who was holding a press conference with Italian Prime Minister Paolo Gentiloni at the time, expressed his condolences to the people of France and said, "[W]e have to be strong and we have to be vigilant."


title: Emmanuel Macron

paragraphs: Emmanuel Jean-Michel Frédéric Macron (; born 21 December 1977 in Amiens) is a French politician, senior civil servant, and former investment banker. Macron is the 25th and current President of France since 14 May 2017. He is a social liberal.

paragraphs: Macron was a member of the Socialist Party (PS) from 2006 to 2009. He was designated deputy secretary-general under François Hollande's first government in 2012 before being appointed Minister of Economy, Industry and Digital Affairs in 2014 under the Second Valls Government, where he pushed through business-friendly reforms.

paragraphs: Macron resigned in August 2016 in order to launch a bid in the 2017 presidential election. In November 2016, Macron declared that he would run in the election under the banner of "En Marche!", a centrist movement he founded in April 2016. Macron won the election after defeating Marine Le Pen on the second round on 7 May 2017 by winning 66% of the vote. At his election to the presidency at age 39, he became the youngest President in French history and the youngest head of state since Napoléon III.

paragraphs: Macron was born in Amiens, France. He is the son of Françoise (Noguès), a physician, and Jean-Michel Macron, professor of neurology at the University of Picardy. He was raised in a non-religious family, but he was baptised a Roman Catholic at his own will at age 12. He learnt piano in Amiens conservatory.

paragraphs: His parents sent him off to Paris because of a bond he had formed with Brigitte Auzière, a married teacher with three children at Jésuites de la Providence, who later became his wife. He studied Philosophy at the University of Paris-Ouest Nanterre La Défense.

paragraphs: He was appointed as the Minister of Economy and Finance in the second Valls Cabinet on 26 August 2014, replacing Arnaud Montebourg. In August 2015, Macron stated that he was no longer a member of the PS and was now an Independent.

paragraphs: Macron founded an independent political party, En Marche!, in Amiens on 6 April 2016. On 16 November 2016, Macron formally declared his candidacy for the French presidency after months of speculation. In his announcement speech, Macron called for a "democratic revolution" and promised to "unblock France".

paragraphs: Many foreign politicians have voiced support for Macron, including European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker, German Chancellor Angela Merkel, and former US President Barack Obama.

paragraphs: On 23 April 2017, Macron won 24% of the vote with opponent Marine Le Pen winning 21%. During the second round, Macron beat Le Pen by a Landslide victory with 66% of the vote to LePen's 34%.

paragraphs: Macron formally became President on 14 May. On 15 May, he appointed Édouard Philippe of the Republicans as Prime Minister. On the same day, he met Angela Merkel, the Chancellor of Germany, as part of his first official foreign visit. The two leaders emphasized the importance of France–Germany relations to the European Union. They agreed to draw up a "common road map" for Europe, insisting that neither was against changes to the Treaties of the European Union.


title: Jean-Luc Mélenchon

paragraphs: Jean-Luc Mélenchon (; born 19 August 1951) is a left-wing French politician who currently serves as a member of the National Assembly of the French Republic.

paragraphs: In 1976, he was elected municipal councilor of Massy (1983), general councilor of the Essonne departement (1985), and senator of the same department (1986, reelected in 1995 and 2004). He also served as Minister-Delegate of Vocational Education between 2000 and 2002, under the Minister of National Education, Jack Lang, in the cohabitation government of Lionel Jospin.

paragraphs: As leader of the Left Party, he joined the electoral coalition of the Left Front before the 2009 European elections and was elected member of the European Parliament in the South-West constituency (reelected in 2014).

paragraphs: During the protest movement against the pension reform of 2010 his public stature grew thanks to his many public and television appearances. He was also the candidate of that coalition in the 2012 presidential election, at the outcome of which he came in fourth, receiving 11.1% of the votes. He is a candidate in the 2017 presidential election "outside the frame of political parties", and founded the movement "Unsubmissive France" (FI) in February 2016.


title: Angel Espinosa

paragraphs: Ángel Espinosa Capó (October 2, 1966 – April 12, 2017) was a Cuban amateur boxer. He was part of the 1980s at junior middleweight and middleweight and captured the 1986 World Amateur Boxing Championships. He never won an Olympic medal due to Cuba's boycott of the 1984 and 1988 Summer Olympics. A hard hitting Cuban with a southpaw stance one of the most feared in his era was known to have about 300 amateur fights.

paragraphs: Espinose was found dead in his gym in Miami, Florida from a suspected cardiac arrest on 12 April 2017, aged 50.


title: Burton Watson

paragraphs: Burton DeWitt Watson (June 13, 1925 – April 1, 2017) was an American scholar and translator of both Chinese and Japanese literature. He was born in New Rochelle, New York.

paragraphs: Watson received awards including the Gold Medal Award of the Translation Center at Columbia University in 1979, the PEN Translation Prize in 1982 for his translation with Hiroaki Sato of "From the Country of Eight Islands: An Anthology of Japanese Poetry", and again in 1995 for "Selected Poems of Su Tung-p'o". He also received the PEN/Ralph Manheim Medal for Translation in 2015.

paragraphs: Watson died on April 1, 2017 in Kamagaya, Japan, aged 91.


title: Bill Hagerty

paragraphs: William Francis "Bill" Hagerty IV (born August 14, 1959) is an American businessman and politician.

paragraphs: He was the managing director and co-founder of Hagerty Peterson & Company, a private equity investment firm.

paragraphs: On March 27, 2017, President Donald Trump nominated Hagerty to serve as United States Ambassador to Japan, replacing Obama appointee Caroline Kennedy. He was confirmed by the United States Senate in a 86-12 vote.

paragraphs: Hagerty was born in Tennessee. He studied at Vanderbilt University.

paragraphs: On July 16, 2019, Hagerty announced he would resign as Ambassador to Japan. This came after President Trump announced his support for Hagerty for U.S. Senator of Tennessee in the 2020 election. In August 2020, he won the Republican nomination.


title: Lewis Eisenberg

paragraphs: Lewis Michael "Lew" Eisenberg (born 1942) is an Jewish-American financier, investor and philanthropist.

paragraphs: Eisenberg is known for co-founding and heading a private equity firm, Granite Capital International Group L.P. Lewis Eisenberg has a relation in American political fundraising circles. He is most notable for the various national, state, and bi-state appointments he held throughout his career, specifically as the Chairman of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey at the time of the September 11, 2001 attack of the World Trade Center, which the Port Authority operated.

paragraphs: In January 2017, Eisenberg was named as President Donald Trump's Ambassador to Italy. He was confirmed by the Senate on August 3, 2017.


title: Risa Itō

paragraphs: She was born in Hara town, Suwa District in Nagano Prefecture.


title: NI Railways

paragraphs: NI Railways also known as Northern Ireland Railways is the national railway of Northern Ireland. It is run by Translink, and they also run buses such as Ulsterbus and buses in Belfast called Metro.


Cuba Gooding


title: Weinviertel

paragraphs: The Weinviertel ("Wine Quarter"), also called the Viertel unter dem Manhartsberg ("Quarter below the Manhartsberg"), is a region in the Austrian state of Lower Austria.

paragraphs: The Weinviertel is the most northeastern part of (Lower) Austria. It lies above the Danube River and borders both the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The city/state of Vienna lies in the south.

paragraphs: It consists of low hills, which form the most western spur of the Carpathian Mountains.

paragraphs: It is well-known for its winegrowing (the biggest of Austria).

paragraphs: The maximum temperature in July and August is about 24 °C.

paragraphs: The Weinviertel comprises the following districts:


title: Washiqur Rahman

paragraphs: Washiqur Rahman (Bengali: ওয়াশিকুর রহমান বাবু) (c. 1988 - March 30, 2015) was a Bangladeshi blogger. He was hacked to death by two men with meat cleavers in Dhaka, Bangladesh, after he wrote blog posts critical of Islam.

paragraphs: Washiqur Rahman, also spelled Oyasiqur Rhaman, was part of the 2013 Shabag movement, which called for the death penalty for Islamists for war crimes during the 1971 war for independence from Pakistan.

paragraphs: Rahman used the pen name Kucchit Hasher Channa, or Ugly Duckling. Two students from an Islamic school were arrested by police. The two said they didn't know about Rahman's writing and they didn't know anything about blogs. Someone told them to kill Rahman as a religious duty. One of the attackers traveled from Chittagong and stayed overnight at a mosque. The other attacker was from an Islamic school in Dhaka. Rahman had a page on Facebook that said "I am Avijit", meaning he was a supporter of Avijit Roy, a Bangladeshi-American blogger who was killed a month earlier.

paragraphs: On July 20, 2016, a Dhaka court indicted five people for the killing. Police believed they were members of the banned militant group Ansarullah Bangla Team.


title: Murder of Faisal Abedin Deepan

paragraphs: Faisal Abedin Deepan (Bengali: ফয়সাল আরেফিন দীপন)(c. 1972 - 31 October 2015) was a Bangladeshi book publisher of the Jagriti Prokashoni publishing house. He was hacked to death inside his house in Dhaka, the Bangladeshi capital.

paragraphs: Deepan was a secular book publisher who printed writing that discussed topics like atheism and sexual orientation. He had received death threats from religious extremists. He published books by Bangladeshi-American writer and blogger Avijit Roy who was the four secular bloggers killed in Bangladesh the same year. Dipan's father said his company had published Avajit Roy's 2014 book, Biswasher Virus (The Virus of Faith).

paragraphs: An hour earlier, another publisher and two writers were attacked, but they survived. A local al-Qaeda group said they were responsible for the attack. Ahmed Rahim Tutal, a secular publisher, was attacked in his office at the Shudhdhoswar publishing house.

paragraphs: British politicians condemned the murder. British bishop Declan Lang, the chair of the international affairs department of the British bishops' conference, said that the Roman Catholic community in England and Wales should "speak out when people are imprisoned, tortured or killed on account of their atheism." Eric Adriaans, the National Executive Director of Centre For Inquiry Canada said that Canada should offer asylum to people targeted by religious extremists.

paragraphs: The International Publishers Association honored Deepan at their annual conference and called on the United Nations to do more about freedom of expression in Bangladesh. Tutul sent a message to the conference, saying: "If Jagriti Faisal Abedin Deepan were alive today, he would play an important role in this conference. But because he published free-thinking books, Islamist fundamentalists killed him. I urge all my publisher friends to continue to publish the works of free thinkers. I believe this is the best reply to the fundamentalists. By increasing the number of people that free-thinking books can reach, we'll be able to weaken fundamentalism in Bangladesh." Tutal also called for freedom for Bangladeshi writer and publisher, Shamsuzzoha Manik. Manik was arrested under a Bangladeshi law that prohibits criticism of religion. Manik is 73 years old and published a titled "Islam Bitorko" ("Debate on Islam").


title: Lawrence Hogan

paragraphs: Lawrence Joseph Hogan (September 30, 1928 – April 20, 2017) was an American Republican U.S. Representative. His son is the current Governor of Maryland Larry Hogan.

paragraphs: Hogan represented the 5th congressional district of Maryland from January 3, 1969, to January 3, 1975. Hogan did not run for re-election in 1974 and was unsuccessful that year in his candidacy for the Republican nomination for governor. He became county executive for Prince George's County, Maryland, in 1978 and served until 1982.

paragraphs: Hogan suffered a stroke and died on April 20, 2017 in Baltimore, Maryland, aged 88.


title: Yvonne Monlaur

paragraphs: Yvonne Monlaur (15 December 1939 – 18 April 2017) was a retired French movie actress who was active in the late 1950s and 1960s. She was best known for her roles in the Hammer horror movies. She was born in Pau, France.

paragraphs: In 1960, she also starred in the Hammer horror movie "The Brides of Dracula" alongside Peter Cushing and Freda Jackson and in "The Terror of the Tongs" (1961) with Christopher Lee.

paragraphs: Monlaur died on April 18, 2017 in Paris, aged 77.


title: Ugo Ehiogu

paragraphs: Ugochuku Ehiogu (; 3 November 1972 – 21 April 2017) was an English professional footballer who played as a centre back from 1989 to 2009. He was the coach of the Tottenham Hotspur U23 team until his death in April 2017.

paragraphs: He played in the Premier League with Aston Villa and Middlesbrough. He also played in the Football League for West Bromwich Albion, Leeds United and Sheffield United, as well as a spell in the Scottish Premier League with Rangers.

paragraphs: Ehiogu won two Football League Cups, with Aston Villa in 1996 and then with Middlesbrough in 2004. Ehiogu was an England international, with a record of 4 caps and 1 goal.

paragraphs: In 1993, playing for the England under-21 team, he became the first black player to captain an England team in a competitive match. In 2012, he came out of brief retirement by signing for non-league side Wembley to participate in the club's FA Cup games alongside other retired veteran players.

paragraphs: Ehiogu died on 21 April 2017 after suffering a cardiac arrest at Tottenham Hotspur's training ground in London, aged 44.


title: Chilly Willy

paragraphs: Chilly Willy is an animated cartoon character. His Friends are Woody Woodpecker,Andy Panda,'Talkie' Tom,Oswald Rabbit.He was one of Universal Characters.In Three For Breakfast.Woody,Talkie,Chilly Eating Dosai Because Carbohydrate Is Coming.


title: Germaine Mason

paragraphs: Germaine Mason (20 January 1983 – 20 April 2017) was a Jamaican-born British track and field athlete competing in high jump. In 2006, he switched sporting allegiance, and then represented Great Britain.

paragraphs: Mason won silver and bronze medals at the World Junior Championships in 2000 and 2002. His first medal at senior level came at the 2003 Pan American Games in Santo Domingo, when he won a gold medal, having achieved a personal best jump of 2.34 meters. He finished fifth at the World Championships the same year.

paragraphs: Mason was eligible to represent Great Britain because his father David was born in London. Mason's mother persuaded him to switch allegiance, and Mason's change in nationality was ratified by athletics' governing body, the IAAF, in 2006.

paragraphs: Mason won a silver medal for Great Britain at the Beijing Olympics on 19 August 2008.

paragraphs: Mason died in a motorbike accident on 20 April 2017 at the age of 34.


title: Magdalena Abakanowicz

paragraphs: Marta Magdalena Abakanowicz-Kosmowska (June 20, 1930 – April 20, 2017) was a Polish sculptor and fiber artist. She was known for her use of textiles as a sculptural medium. She was a professor at the Academy of Fine Arts in Poznań, Poland from 1965 to 1990 and a visiting professor at University of California, Los Angeles in 1984. She was born in Falenty, Poland.

paragraphs: Abakanowicz died on April 20, 2017 in Warsaw at the age of 86.


title: Jay Dickey

paragraphs: Jay Woodson Dickey, Jr. (December 14, 1939 – April 20, 2017) was an American politician. He was a former U.S. Representative from the Fourth Congressional District of Arkansas. He served in Congress from 1993 to 2001.

paragraphs: Both the Dickey Amendment (1996), which blocks CDC funds to be used for injury prevention research that might advocate or promote gun control, and the Dickey-Wicker Amendment (1995), which prohibits federal funds to be spent on research that involves the destruction of a human embryo, are named for him.

paragraphs: After the 2012 Aurora shooting, former congressman Dickey said that he regrets his role in blocking the CDC from researching gun violence.

paragraphs: Dickey died on April 20, 2017 in Pine Bluff, Arkansas, aged 77.


title: Marge Champion

paragraphs: Marjorie Celeste "Marge" Champion (née Belcher; September 2, 1919 – October 21, 2020) was an American dancer, choreographer, and actress. She won an Emmy Award for Outstading Choreography in 1975.

paragraphs: At a young age she was hired as a dance model for Walt Disney Studios animated movies. Snow White was modeled after Champion for the 1937 animated classic "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs". Later she performed as an actress and dancer in movie musicals, and in 1957 had a TV show based on song and dance.

paragraphs: Champion has also done creative choreography for liturgy, and served as a dialogue and movement coach for the 1978 TV miniseries, "The Awakening Land", set in the late 18th century in the Ohio Valley.

paragraphs: Together as a dance team, the Champions performed in MGM musicals of the 1940s and 50s, including "Show Boat" (1951) and "Everything I Have Is Yours" (1952). MGM wanted the couple to remake Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers movies, but only one, "Lovely to Look At" (1952), a remake of "Roberta" (1935), was completed.

paragraphs: Champion turned 100 in September 2019. She died on October 21, 2020 in Los Angeles at the age of 101.


title: Gunslinger

paragraphs: Gunslinger is the twelfth studio album by Garth Brooks. The album was released on November 25, 2016 through Pearl Records.


title: Hadash

paragraphs: Hadash, Hebrew: חד"ש , meaning "New", a Hebrew acronym of "HaHazit HaDemokratit LeShalom uLeShivion", Hebrew: החזית הדמוקרטית לשלום ולשוויון ,

paragraphs: the Arab version: "al-Jabhah ad-Dimuqrāṭiyyah lis-Salām wa'l-Musāwah", Arab: الجبهة الديمقراطية للسلام والمساواة ,

paragraphs: (shortened Arab: الجبهة , also meaning "New"),

paragraphs: both meaning "The Democratic Front for Peace and Equality", is an Israeli political party.

paragraphs: Hadash was founded in 1977 as a merger of the communist party of Rakah, Black Panthers and others.

paragraphs: Its supporters are mainly (secular, Christian) Israeli Arabs and some far-left Israeli Jews.

paragraphs: Number of seats in the 23rd Knesset: 5 (/).

paragraphs: Hadash is cooperating with Balad, Ra'am and Ta'al as HaReshima HaMeshutefet (Hebrew) or al-Qa'imah al-Mushtarakah (Arab) (both meaning "The Joint List"). Together they have 15 seats.


title: DZBB-TV

paragraphs: DZBB-TV, channel 7, is a commercial broadcast VHF television station owned by GMA Network in the Philippines. Its studios are located at the GMA Network Center, at the corner of Timog Avenue and Epifanio de los Santos Avenue in Quezon City. Its transmitter station is located at GMA Compound, Tandang Sora Avenue, Barangay Culiat Tandang Sora, Quezon City.


title: David Wilkerson

paragraphs: David Ray Wilkerson (May 19, 1931 in Hammond, Indiana – April 27, 2011 in Cuney, Texas) was an American pastor, evangelist, and author.

paragraphs: Although not officially linked to a any denomination, Wilkerson can be considered a Pentecostal in teachings and practice.

paragraphs: Wilkerson was a pastor in Pennsylvania. Around 1960 he started a ministry in New York City to help and evangelize teenagers, who were involved in drugs and crime. In 1960, he founded for that reason the Christian relief organization Teen Challenge. With the Sherrills he wrote a book about his experiences called "The Cross and the Switchblade" (1962).

paragraphs: Some years later, in 1967, he founded Youth Crusades, again aimed at teenagers but this time to prevent them from the bad things mentioned above.

paragraphs: In 1971, he founded again a Christian organization, World Challenge, to evangelize worldwide.

paragraphs: In 1987, he erected the Times Square Church, an independent and very succesful church in Manhattan, New York City.

paragraphs: Wilkerson wrote several Christian books, like the already mentioned "The Cross and the Switchblade" (1962) and the very impressive "The Vision" (1974). Last book and its successor ("The Vision and Beyond", 2003) are dealing with divine prophecies about severe misconduct, problems and disasters the world is facing in the future (and already partly happening); he also revealed that the so-called "Number of the Beast" (Antichrist) will be composed of a combination of three times six numbers. He also wrote about other divine prophecies such as riots and arsons cities in the United States (especially New York City) but also worldwide are going to endure in the future because of their sinful behavior, and countries going bankrupt causing shopping and money problems worldwide.

paragraphs: David Wilkerson died as a result of a car accident in eastern Texas in 2011, aged nearly 80.


title: DYSS-TV

paragraphs: DYSS-TV channel 7, is an commercial originating station owned by GMA Network in the Philippines. Its studios are located at the GMA Complex, Nivel Hills, Apas, Cebu City and the transmitter is located at Brgy. Bonbon, Cebu City.

paragraphs: It was then known as "Greater 7 Cebu" in the 1970s.


title: DWWW

paragraphs: DWWW (774 AM) is a C-QUAM AM radio station owned and operated by Interactive Broadcast Media in the Philippines. The station is also an affliate station of the Radio Mindanao Network. The studio is in Unit 808, Atlanta Centre, Annapolis St., Greenhills, San Juan City, while the transmitter is at Brgy. Tagalag, Valenzuela City, Philippines.


title: Veyras, Switzerland

paragraphs: Veyras is a municipality in the district of Sierre in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.


title: Vissoie

paragraphs: Vissoie is a village of the district Sierre in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. The village was made in 1905 by splitting from the municipality of Ayer and Grimentz. On 1 January 2009 the former municipalities of Vissoie, Ayer, Chandolin, Grimentz, Saint-Jean and Saint-Luc merged into the new municipality of Anniviers.


title: Anniviers

paragraphs: Anniviers is a municipality in the district of Sierre in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. It was formed through the merger of six municipalities in Val d'Anniviers: Ayer, Chandolin, Grimentz, Saint-Jean, Saint-Luc and Vissoie merged into the new municipality of Anniviers. The merger became on 1 January 2009, creating the third largest municipality of Switzerland by area.


title: Andrews County, Texas

paragraphs: Andrews County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2010, 14,786 people lived there. The county seat is Andrews.

paragraphs: Andrews County has a total area of 1,501 square miles.

paragraphs: In 2010, the county had 14,786 people living there.


title: Angelina County, Texas

paragraphs: Angelina County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2010, 86,771 people lived there. The county seat is Lufkin.

paragraphs: Angelina County has a total area of 865 square miles.


title: Arbaz

paragraphs: Arbaz is a municipality of the district of Sion in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.


title: Aransas County, Texas

paragraphs: Anansas County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2010, 23,158 people lived there. The county seat is Rockport.


title: Archer County, Texas

paragraphs: Archer County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2010, 9,054 people lived there. The county seat is Archer City.


title: Jaak Panksepp

paragraphs: Jaak Panksepp (June 5, 1943 – April 17, 2017) was an Estonian-born American neuroscientist, a psychobiologist, the Baily Endowed Chair of Animal Well-Being Science at Washington State University's College of Veterinary Medicine, and Emeritus Professor of the Department of Psychology at Bowling Green State University. He was born in Tartu, Estonia.

paragraphs: Panksepp created the term 'affective neuroscience', the name for the field that studies the neural mechanisms of emotion. He was known in the popular press for his research on laughter in non-human animals.

paragraphs: Panksepp died on April 17, 2017 from cancer at his home in Bowling Green, Ohio at the age of 73.


title: Delbert Daisey

paragraphs: Delbert Lee "Cigar" Daisey (March 6, 1928 – April 19, 2017), known as "Cigar" Daisey, was an American waterfowl wood carver and decoy maker.. He was born in Chincoteague, Virginia. He lived at the Refuge Waterfowl Museum. His decoy carvings are recognized for both their artistic value and functionality as working pieces for waterfowl hunting.

paragraphs: His works include black ducks, mallards, redheads, ruddys and red-breasted mergansers and often crafted in drake (male) and hen (female) pairs.

paragraphs: He had carved about 1900 ducks in total and he generally used cork or wood as his medium. He carved his first duck out of balsa wood in 1940 at his father's wood shop.

paragraphs: The Smithsonian has his works in their collection. He earned his nickname in 1945 while leaving cigar butts to taunt game wardens while poaching ducks on Assateague Island. Later in life, Daisey was an avid conservationist.

paragraphs: Daisey died on April 19, 2017 in Chincoteague, Virginia, aged 89.


title: Attilio Nicora

paragraphs: Attilio Nicora (March 16, 1937 – April 22, 2017) was an Italian cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church, Bishop of Verona Emeritus, and President Emeritus of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See. He served as President of the four-person Executive Board of the Vatican's Financial Information Authority (FIA) from January 2011 until January 2014.

paragraphs: Pope Benedict XVI appointed Cardinal Nicora Pontifical Legate for the Basilica of St. Francis in Assisi. After being a cardinal-deacon for ten years, he was promoted to cardinal-priest by Pope Francis on 12 June 2014.

paragraphs: Nicora died on April 22, 2017 in Milan, Italy, aged 80.


title: Witold Pyrkosz

paragraphs: Witold Pyrkosz (24 December 1926 – 22 April 2017) was a Polish actor. He was born in Krasnystaw, Poland.

paragraphs: He was best known as Lucjan Mostowiak in Polish TV series "M jak miłość", as Pyzdra in "Janosik", as Wichura in "Czterej pancerni i pies" and as Balcerek in "Alternatywy 4".

paragraphs: In 1974, Pyrkosz was decorated with the Gold Cross of Merit and in 1984, with the Knight's Cross of Polonia Restituta. In 2009, he received the Medal for Merit to Culture – Gloria Artis.

paragraphs: Pyrkosz died on 22 April 2017 in Warsaw from complications of Alzheimer's disease, aged 90.


title: Ramjet

paragraphs: A ramjet is a type of engine which uses the properties of air to create thrust. Ramjets are most often attached to aircraft, and require that the aircraft is moving above the speed of sound, also called Mach 1. They are different from "normal" aircraft engines because they do not have any moving parts which compress the air. Instead, they use shock waves to compress the air.

paragraphs: The first section is called the inlet. The purpose of the inlet is to capture air and compress it. Compression is required in order to burn the fuel correctly. The compression comes from a process called a shock wave. Shock waves only occur when the aircraft is moving at or above Mach 1. For this reason, ramjets are more efficient if moving around Mach 2 or 3.

paragraphs: The second part of the ramjet is called the diffuser. Air that comes through the inlet is moving very fast, which makes it very hard to burn fuel. The job of the diffuser is to slow the flow down in an efficient way. By the time the air has passed all the way through the inlet, it is traveling slower than Mach 1. This is important for the diffuser to work properly. The diffuser is essentially just a pipe that increases in area as you move along it. Because the flow moving slower than Mach 1, the increasing area causes the air to slow down.

paragraphs: The third part of the ramjet is the combustor, also called the combustion chamber. The combustor is where the fuel is introduced to the air, and then burns. Burning fuel adds energy to the air, which will be later used to create thrust. The air must be moving relatively slowly for the combustor to work properly. There is a part inside the combustor called the flame holder. The flame holder, as the name suggests, holds the flame in place. A typical flame holder looks like a ring of small v-shaped pieces of metal. They create little pockets of slow air, which make it easier for the fuel to keep burning.

paragraphs: After the fuel is burned and the air is heated, it flows through the last part, the nozzle. The purpose of the nozzle is to turn all of the energy in the air into thrust. In order to do this, the nozzle must first get smaller then get larger. The smallest area of the nozzle is called the "throat". The air coming from the combustor is moving slower than Mach 1, so as the nozzle gets smaller, the air speeds up. The nozzle is designed so that once the air reaches the throat, it has sped all the way up to Mach 1. This is an important detail for the nozzle to work properly. Once the air passes the throat, the air gets larger again. Since the flow reached Mach 1 in the throat, increasing the area also increases the speed of the air. This is the key to creating thrust. The air exiting the nozzle essentially "pushes" the ramjet forward.


title: Michele Scarponi

paragraphs: Michele Scarponi (25 September 1979 − 22 April 2017) was an Italian road bicycle racer, who rode professionally between 2002 and 2017 for the 2002, Domina Vacanze–Elitron, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2013 and 2017 teams.

paragraphs: Scarponi was declared the winner of the 2011 Giro d'Italia after the disqualification of Alberto Contador. Other major results of his career were the 2009 Tirreno–Adriatico, the 2011 Volta a Catalunya and the 2011 Giro del Trentino stage races.

paragraphs: Scarponi died at the age of 37 on 22 April 2017, after being hit by a truck, while riding his bicycle, close to his home in Filottrano, in the Italian region of Marche. He had competed in the 2017 Tour of the Alps only the day before.


title: Wiesław Gołas

paragraphs: Wiesław Gołas (born 9 October 1930 in Kielce) is a Polish actor and former Armia Krajowa's soldier. From 1970 to 1974, he starred in the comedy series "Czterdziestolatek".

paragraphs: Gołas was cast in a role of Tomasz Czereśniak in a widely popular TV World War II series "Czterej pancerni i pies". He has appeared in a number of movies including "Ogniomistrz Kaleń" (1961) and "Dzięcioł" (1970).


title: 2017 French presidential election

paragraphs: The 2017 French presidential election is a presidential election in France that took place on May 7th, 2017. The incumbent president, François Hollande, decided not to run for a second term because of his low approval ratings.

paragraphs: The main candidates are Nicolas Dupont-Aignan from Debout la France, Marine Le Pen from the National Front, Emmanuel Macron from En Marche!, Benoît Hamon from the Socialist Party, Nathalie Arthaud from Lutte Ouvrière, Philippe Poutou from the New Anticapitalist Party, Jacques Cheminade from Solidarity and Progress, Jean Lassalle from Résistons!, Jean-Luc Mélenchon from La France insoumise, François Asselineau from Popular Republican Union and François Fillon from The Republicans.

paragraphs: On 23 April 2017, Macron won 24% of the vote with Le Pen winning 21%. During the second round, Macron beat Le Pen by a Landslide victory with 66% of the vote to Le Pen's 34%.


title: Red West

paragraphs: Robert Gene "Red" West (March 20, 1936 – July 18, 2017) was an American actor, movie stuntman and songwriter. He was probably best known to American movie audiences for his role as Red in "Road House", alongside Patrick Swayze. Recently, he appeared as Roger in the 2013 drama movie "Safe Haven".

paragraphs: West was born in Memphis, Tennessee. His cousin was Sonny West, the bodyguard of Elvis Presley. He studied at Jones County Junior College. In 1961, he married Pat Boyd. West and Presley were very close friends and worked with Presley during his tours.

paragraphs: West was fired by Presley and later helped write the book "", which was published weeks before Presley's death. The book, according to West in the book, was an attempt to help Presley, but believed by some to be an attempt to retaliate and earn an income after being fired. Presley offered the publisher of the book $1,000,000 ($1million) to stop printing the book.

paragraphs: Wets died of an aortic aneurysm in Memphis, Tennessee on July 18, 2017, aged 81.


title: Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas

paragraphs: Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas Solórzano (; born May 1, 1934) is a Mexican politician. He was a former Head of Government of the Federal District and a founder of the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD).

paragraphs: Cárdenas ran for the presidency of Mexico three times. His 1988 loss to the Institutional Revolutionary Party candidate by the narrowest of margins had long been considered a direct result of electoral fraud, later acknowledged by President Miguel de la Madrid.

paragraphs: Cárdenas previously served as a Senator, having been elected in 1976 to represent the state of Michoacán and also as the Governor of Michoacán between 1980-1986.


title: Nadiya Hussain

paragraphs: Nadiya Jamir Hussain ("née" Begum; born 25 December 1984) is a British baker, columnist, author and television presenter.


title: Cryotherapy

paragraphs: Cryotherapy is using a freezing chamber (usually -110 degrees) to help muscles recover. Cyrotherapy is said to multiple applications. The word "Cryo" comes from Greek language, which means icy or cold. Cryotherapy is a procedure that exposes the body to temperatures colder than -200 degrees for about 3 minutes. The practice is said to have originated in Japan in late 1970s when a Japanese rheumatologist used cold temperatures to treat his patients painful joints. Cryotherapy is also used to treat cancer, wherein, extreme coldtemperatures destroy cancer cells.


title: James von Brunn

paragraphs: James Wenneker von Brunn (July 11, 1920 – January 6, 2010) was an American man who was responsible for the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum shooting in Washington, D.C. on June 10, 2009. Security guard Stephen Tyrone Johns was killed in the shooting, and von Brunn was wounded by two security guards who returned fire. Von Brunn was a white supremacist. and Holocaust denier He was born in St. Louis, Missouri.

paragraphs: Von Brunn was named the prime suspect in the shooting, and was charged with first-degree murder and firearms violations. While awaiting trial, von Brunn died on January 6, 2010 in Butner, North Carolina from congestive heart failure caused by sepsis, aged 89.


paragraphs: The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum shooting was a shooting at that nation's memorial to The Holocaust in Washington, D.C. on June 10, 2009. Museum Special Police Officer Stephen Tyrone Johns was shot, and later died from his injuries.

paragraphs: Suspect James Wenneker von Brunn was charged in federal court on June 11, 2009, with first-degree murder and firearms violations. On July 29, 2009, von Brunn was indicted on seven counts, including four which made him eligible for the death penalty. In September 2009, a judge ordered von Brunn to undergo a competency evaluation to determine whether or not he could stand trial. While awaiting his trial, von Brunn died on January 6, 2010 of congestive heart failure caused by sepsis at the age of 89.

paragraphs: According to the six-page indictment, von Brunn entered the building and shot Museum Special Police Officer Stephen Tyrone Johns, who died from his injuries. Von Brunn was a white supremacist and Holocaust denier who had been arrested and convicted for entering a federal building with various weapons in 1981 while trying to place the Federal Reserve Board of Governors, who he considered to be treasonous, under citizen's arrest.


title: Isiaka Adeleke

paragraphs: Isiaka Adetunji Adeleke (15 January 1955 – 23 April 2017) was a Nigerian politician. He was a two time senator who represented the People's Democratic Party (PDP) in Osun State from 2007 to 2011 and was elected again under the banner of the All Progressives Congress in 2015. He became a member of the Nigerian Senate in 2007.

paragraphs: He ran for reelection in April 2011 on the PDP platform, coming second with 77,090 votes.

paragraphs: The winner was Mudasiru Oyetunde Hussein of the Action Congress of Nigeria (ACN) with 121,971 votes.

paragraphs: Adeleke suffered a heart attack and died on 23 April 2017 in Osogbo, Nigeria, aged 62.


title: Imre Földi

paragraphs: Imre Földi (8 May 1938 – 23 April 2017) was a Hungarian weightlifter. Competing at a record of five Olympic Games, he won a gold medal in 1972 and silver medals in 1964 and 1968.

paragraphs: During his career he set 21 world records, and after his retirement he coached his daughter to become a European champion. Földi earned numerous awards for his results and achievements, most notably he was named Weightlifter of the Century by the International Weightlifting Federation and was elected for Sportsperson of the Nation in Hungary.


title: Vivek Murthy

paragraphs: Vivek Hallegere Murthy (born July 10, 1977) is an American physician and a vice admiral in the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps.

paragraphs: Murthy served as the 19th Surgeon General of the United States from 2014 through 2017.

paragraphs: Murthy, founder of nonprofit Doctors for Obama, replaced Boris Lushniak, who had been Acting Surgeon General since 2013. Murthy was the first Surgeon General of Indian descent and was the youngest active duty flag officer in federal uniformed service.

paragraphs: On April 21, 2017, Murthy was relieved of his duties but will continue to serve as a member of the Commissioned Corps. Rear Admiral Sylvia Trent-Adams was named acting Surgeon General.


title: Sylvia Trent-Adams

paragraphs: Sylvia Trent-Adams (born circa 1965) is a rear admiral in the USPHS. She was the acting Surgeon General of the United States from April 21, 2017 through September 5, 2017.

paragraphs: As surgeon general, she directs the operations of the USPHS Commissioned Corps and communicates scientific information to advance the health of the nation. Previously, she was the deputy surgeon general. She has served as the chief nurse officer of the USPHS, since November 2013.


title: James O. Mason

paragraphs: James Ostermann Mason (June 19, 1930 – October 9, 2019) was an American physician and public health administrator.

paragraphs: Mason was the United States Assistant Secretary for Health (ASH) from 1989 to 1993 and the Acting Surgeon General of the United States from 1989 to 1990. As the ASH he was also a former four-star admiral in the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps.

paragraphs: Mason was also a director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and a general authority of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).

paragraphs: Mason served in the church as a bishop, stake president, and regional representative. In 1974, while serving as Church Commissioner for Health Services, Mason wrote a pamphlet for the church titled, "Attitudes of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints Toward Certain Medical Problems", which expresses the church's views on abortion, birth control, and homosexuality.

paragraphs: Mason died on October 9, 2019 in Salt Lake City at the age of 89.


title: Joycelyn Elders

paragraphs: Minnie Joycelyn Elders (born Minnie Lee Jones; August 13, 1933) is an American pediatrician and public health administrator.

paragraphs: Elders was a vice admiral in the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps and the first African American appointed as Surgeon General of the United States. Elders is best known for her frank discussion of her views on controversial issues such as drug legalization and distributing contraception in schools. She was forced to resign in December 1994 amidst controversy as a result of her views. She is currently a professor emerita of pediatrics at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences.


title: Santa Ana Department

paragraphs: Santa Ana is a department in El Salvador. The capital is Santa Ana, one of the largest cities in El Salvador.

paragraphs: The department was created in 1855 during the presidency of José María San Martín. The Santa Ana Volcano is in this department. The main rivers are the Lempa and the Guajoyo rivers. The most important lakes in the department are Lake Güija on the border with Guatemala, and Lake Coatepeque which is in the southern part of the department.

paragraphs: Santa Ana is divided into 13 municipalities:


title: Jerry Adriani

paragraphs: Jerry Adriani (Jair Alves de Sousa; 29 January 1947 – 23 April 2017) was a Brazilian singer, musician and actor. He began his career in television while working with Rede Tupi in São Paulo. His early works were as a vocalist for the group "Os Rebeldes".

paragraphs: Adriani died at a hospital in Rio de Janeiro from cancer on 23 April 2017, aged 70.


title: Jean Périmony

paragraphs: Jean Périmony (2 March 1931 – 9 April 2017) was a French comedian, actor, educator, theater director, and costume designer. He was born in Dole, Jura. He was known for working with assistant director Robert Manuel and then with Henri Rollan. He created the "Cie du Villiers" (1969) and the Festival Molière at the Théâtre Trévise in Paris (1977).

paragraphs: Périmony opened his drama school in September 1960 and taught at the Conservatory of Orléans from 1983 through 1986. He was served in the House of the Legion of Honor from 1984 through 2000 and the INA from 1984 to 1990. He was also Secretary General of the Catholic Union of Theater and Music from 1990 to 1996.

paragraphs: Périmony was married to literary agent Marie-Cécile Renauld until his death in 2017. They had three children.

paragraphs: Périmony died on 9 April 2017 in Paris, France at the age of 86.


title: Jess Kersey

paragraphs: Jesse "Jess" Kersey (January 12, 1941 – April 22, 2017) was an American basketball referee. He was born in Newport News, Virginia. He worked for the American Basketball Association and the National Basketball Association.

paragraphs: Kersey joined the NBA in 1973. During his 30 year career, he officiated 1,911 regular season games, 189 playoff games and 18 NBA Finals games.

paragraphs: In July 1997, Kersey resigned from the NBA after 24 seasons as a referee after he pleaded guilty to tax evasion.

paragraphs: Kersey died of cancer on April 22, 2017 in Williamsburg, Virginia, at the age of 76.


title: František Rajtoral

paragraphs: František Rajtoral (12 March 1986 – 23 April 2017) was a Czech football player. He last played for Turkish club Gaziantepspor. He was best known for his stint at Viktoria Plzeň. He was a member of the Czech Republic national football team. He won the Czech Cup with FC Viktoria Plzeň in 2010. Further trophies he won with the club include the Gambrinus Liga twice and the Czech Supercup.

paragraphs: On 29 February 2012, Rajtoral earned his first cap for the senior team of his country in the 1–1 draw with Ireland in a friendly match.

paragraphs: Rajtoral was described as "one of the best attacking right-wingers in the Czech Republic" by a journalist for the BBC.

paragraphs: Rajtoral committed suicide by hanging himself his apartment in Gaziantep, Turkey on 23 April 2017. He was 31.


title: Carole Hersee

paragraphs: Carole Hersee is a person known for being the "Test Card Girl" on BBC.


title: Popular Republican Union (2007)

paragraphs: The Popular Republican Union (French: "Union Populaire Républicaine", UPR) is a French political party. It was formed in 2007 by François Asselineau.

paragraphs: The party is nationalistic, and is very critical of the European Union. They are against federalism and the Americanisation of France.

paragraphs: Asselineau qualified to run in the 2017 French presidential election on 23 April 2017. He received almost 1% of the national vote, with 332,588 votes.


title: GERB

paragraphs: GERB (which stands for Граждани за Европейско Развитие на България, "Grazhdani za Evropeysko Razvitie na Bŭlgaria," meaning Citizens for European Development of Bulgaria. The word герб/gerb also means "coat of arms" in Bulgarian) is a political party in Bulgaria. The party leader is Prime Minister Boyko Borisov.

paragraphs: The party supports Bulgaria's membership in the European Union. They are also called a liberal conservative and populist party. The party has been an important force in Bulgarian politics since it's creation in 2006. Their best performance was in the 2009 Bulgarian parliamentary election, where they received around 40% of the national vote and won 117 out of 240 seats. Their most recent performance was in the 2017 Bulgarian parliamentary election, where they received 33% of the national vote and won 95 out of 240 seats.