title: Hand County, South Dakota

paragraphs: Hand County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 3,431 people lived there. Its county seat is Miller. It was created in 1873.


title: Linn County

paragraphs: Linn County is the name of four counties in the United States:


title: Nassau County

paragraphs: Nassau County is the name of two counties in the United States:


title: Nemaha County

paragraphs: Nemaha County is the name of two counties in the United States:


title: The Last One (Black Veil Brides song)

paragraphs: "The Last One" is a single produced by the hard rock band Black Veil Brides off of their album "Vale". The single was released on December 22, 2017. It peaked at number 34 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock charts.


title: Skip Campbell

paragraphs: Walter G. "Skip" Campbell, Jr. (November 12, 1948 – October 23, 2018) was an American Democratic politician. He was the Mayor of Coral Springs, Florida from 2014 until his death. He was a member of the Florida Senate from 1996 to 2006.

paragraphs: Campbell was born in Queens, New York and moved to Ocala, Florida in 1961.

paragraphs: Campbell died on October 23, 2018 in Coral Springs from complications of hip surgery at the age of 69.


title: Alojz Rebula

paragraphs: Alojz Rebula (June 21, 1924 – October 23, 2018) was a Slovene writer, playwright, essayist, and translator. He lived and worked in Villa Opicina in the Province of Trieste, Italy. He was a member of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts.

paragraphs: In 1975, Pahor and Rebula published a book interview entitled "Edvard Kocbek: Pričevalec našega časa" (Edvard Kocbek: Witness of Our Time), in which Rebula condemned the summary killings of 12,000 members of Slovene anti-communist militia in May and June 1945.

paragraphs: Rebula died on October 23, 2018 from a heart attack at the age of 94.


title: Carmen Alborch

paragraphs: Carmen Alborch Bataller (31 October 1947 – 24 October 2018) was a Spanish politician and writer. She was born in Castelló de Rugat, Valencia, Spain. She was a member of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party. Alborch was Minister of Culture from 1993 to 1996 in the last government of Felipe González.

paragraphs: In 1996, Alborch was elected to the Congress of Deputies, representing Valencia. She chaired the Committee of Control of RTVE (the state radio and TV corporation) from 1996 until January 2000.

paragraphs: Alborch died at the age of 70 on 24 October 2018 from pancreatic cancer in Valencia.


title: Hip Hop Pantsula

paragraphs: Jabulani Tsambo (14 September 1980 – 24 October 2018), better known by his stage name Hip Hop Pantsula shortened to HHP (pronounced double "H" P) and his nickname Fatty was a South African Motswako rapper who performed in several languages, though mostly in Setswana. He co-owned Uzalo.

paragraphs: His best known albums were "Introduction" (2000), "Maf Town" (2001), "O Mang?" (2003), "YBA 2 NW" (2005), "Acceptance Speech" (2007), "Dumela" (2009), "Motswafrika" (2011) and "Motswako High School" (2014). He was born in Mafikeng, North West, South Africa.

paragraphs: Pantsula died on 24 October 2018 at the age of 38.


title: Carole Ann Ford

paragraphs: Carole Ann Lillian Ford ("née" Higgins ; born 16 June 1940) is a British actress. She was born in Ilford, Essex. Ford is best known for her roles as Susan Foreman in the BBC science fiction television series "Doctor Who", and as Bettina in the 1962 movie version of "The Day of the Triffids".


title: Bill Foster (politician)

paragraphs: George William Foster (born October 7, 1955) is an American businessman and politician. He is the U.S. Representative for , winning the seat in 2012. He was the U.S. Representative for from 2008 to 2011. He is a member of the Democratic Party.


title: Anatoly Gladilin

paragraphs: Anatoly Tikhonovich Gladilin (; August 21, 1935 — October 24, 2018) was a Soviet-Russian writer and poet. He defected from the Soviet Union in 1976 and lived in Paris.

paragraphs: In the 1960s, he was one of the most famous young Russian authors. In Paris, Gladilin worked for the Radio Liberty and the Deutsche Welle. Among his published works in the West was a novel, "FSSR: The French Soviet Socialist Republic" — a tale of a Communist coup in France.

paragraphs: His other best known works were "The Making and Unmaking of a Soviet Writer: My Story of the Young Prose of the Sixties and After", "Moscow Racetrack: A Novel of Espionage at the Track" and "Rogues: Welcome to Paris!".

paragraphs: Gladilin died on October 24, 2018 in Paris at the age of 83.


title: Heather Schmid

paragraphs: Heather Schmid is an American musical artist and composer based in Boston, Massachusetts.

paragraphs: She is well-known for singing the unity song "Pehle Hum Pakistani Hain". She was named "Miss Millennium" in 2002.

paragraphs: Heather was classically trained at The Hartt School, Connecticut. Later, she graduated from the Boston University with a degree in Music. She begun her musical career as a Opera soprano soloist. In 2005, she performed at the Rafi Peer Theatre in Lahore, which was broadcasted by Ptv. In 2006, she released her first album, which was produced by Rich Balmer. Heather's latest TV show "The Ambassador" on CCTV News, which has accumulated million viewers.≈ She has been working within the field of cultural diplomacy, speaking and performing for the institute of cultural diplomacy, at the United Nations.

paragraphs: Notably, in 2013, she performed the Unity Song, "Pehlay Hum Pakistani Hain" along with her daughter Syra Mehdi, which was well-received by Pakistani nationals.


title: Sully Prudhomme

paragraphs: René François Armand (Sully) Prudhomme (; 16 March 1839 – 6 September 1907) was a French poet and essayist. He was the first winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1901.


title: October 2018 United States mail bombing attempts

paragraphs: From October 23, 2018 to now, packages that had pipe bombs were sent to several American Democratic politicians and public figures. Packages were sent to Hillary and Bill Clinton, Barack Obama and Joe Biden. CNN got one addressed to former CIA Director John O. Brennan at its New York City studios in Time Warner Center, which was evacuated.

paragraphs: A similar package was sent to the home of billionaire investor George Soros. One was sent to former U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder, which had the wrong address, was instead delivered to the Florida office of U.S. Representative Debbie Wasserman Schultz, whose name and address was on the return labels of all of the packages. U.S. Representative Maxine Waters was targeted with two packages which were stopped by authorities, one in Washington, D.C. by U.S. Capitol Police, and another in Los Angeles by the Los Angeles Police Department and Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives. That same day, a package was sent to Senator Kamala Harris's office in San Diego.

paragraphs: The New York City Police Department is investigating a package found in Tribeca at an office owned by actor Robert De Niro.

paragraphs: The FBI is investigating two packages found at a postal facilities in Delaware, addressed to former Vice President Joe Biden.

paragraphs: On October 25, a package was sent to former National Intelligence Director James Clapper and to New Jersey Senator Cory Booker. On October 26, two packages were sent to Senator Kamala Harris again and to Democrat megadonner Tom Steyer.

paragraphs: News outlets reported that the bombs were sent to President Donald Trump's strongest critics.

paragraphs: Cesar Sayoc Jr. was arrested in Plantation, Florida, on October 26 in connection with mailing the explosive devices. The FBI is treating the investigation as domestic terrorism. If convicted, the bomber could face up to 100 years in prison (10 years for each bomb sent).


title: Bruce Edward Ivins

paragraphs: Bruce Edwards Ivins (April 22, 1946 – July 29, 2008) was an American microbiologist and vaccinologist. He was a senior biodefense researcher at the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Maryland. He was the key suspect responsible for the 2001 anthrax attacks.

paragraphs: On July 29, 2008, he died of an overdose of Tylenol with codeine in an apparent suicide after learning that criminal charges were likely to be filed against him by the Federal Bureau of Investigation for connection to the 2001 anthrax attacks.

paragraphs: According to "The Smoking Gun", U.S. government court documents stated that Ivins edited articles on Wikipedia using the account name "Jimmyflathead".


title: Sara Anzanello

paragraphs: Sara Anzanello (July 30, 1980 – October 25, 2018) was an Italian volleyball player in the middle hitter-blocker role. Anzanello was born in San Donà di Piave, Venice. She played for Italy national team in 1998, when she was 17 years old. She had a total of 203 caps for her team.

paragraphs: Anzanello died on October 25, 2018 from leukemia in Venice at the age of 38.


title: Hanson County, South Dakota

paragraphs: Hanson County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 3,331 people lived there. Its county seat is Alexandria. It was created in 1873.


title: Harding County, South Dakota

paragraphs: Harding County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 1,255 people lived there. Its county seat is Buffalo. It was created in 1881.


title: Hutchinson County, South Dakota

paragraphs: Hutchinson County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 7,343 people lived there. Its county seat is Olivet. It was created in 1862.


title: Marbury v. Madison

paragraphs: Marbury v. Madison, 5 U.S. (1 Cranch) 137 (1803), was a United States Supreme Court court case. It was between William Marbury and James Madison.

paragraphs: In the 1800 United States Presidential election, Thomas Jefferson won over John Adams. Days before Adams had to leave office, he wanted to give a number of people jobs (so that Jefferson could not give these jobs away). The United States Senate approved of his picks (nominations) and John Marshall, who was then Adams' Secretary of State and was to be the Chief Justice of the United States, had a number of these notices sent out. One that did not make it before midnight was to William Marbury.

paragraphs: When Jefferson took office, he ordered "his" Secretary of State, James Madison, to cancel the ones that had not been delivered. So then Marbury sued Madison because Marbury wanted his job as Justice of the Peace in the District of Columbia.

paragraphs: John Marshall ruled on this case as the Chief Justice. He first answered that Marbury had a right to his job because it had been signed and approved. The actual delivery was a custom, not a requirement. He then ruled that a writ of mandamus (a type of court order) was the correct way for Marbury to rule. Finally, he noted that the Judiciary Act of 1789 allowed the Supreme Court to make this kind of ruling.

paragraphs: The next question was "who" could decide this issue. Marshall ruled that the Supreme Court could decide it because the Judiciary Act of 1789 said that they could. However, Marshall said that a section of the Judiciary Act was unconstitutional. That section allowed the Supreme Court to make a writ but the "United States Constitution" did not. Therefore, that section was unconstitutional and the Supreme Court could not make a writ for Marbury.

paragraphs: Marshall looking over the Constitution and the statute is judicial review, a statement that the Supreme Court had an independent power to determine whether something was constitutional or not.


title: Hyde County, South Dakota

paragraphs: Hyde County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 1,420 people lived there. Its county seat is Highmore. It was created in 1873.


title: Jackson County, South Dakota

paragraphs: Jackson County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 3,031 people lived there. Its county seat is Kadoka. It was created in 1914.


title: Shivinder Singh Sidhu

paragraphs: Shivinder Singh Sidhu (October 13, 1929 – 25 October, 2018) was an Indian politician. He became the Governor of the state of Manipur on 6 August 2004. Sidhu was also the Governor of Meghalaya from October 2007 to 1 July 2008 and Governor of Goa from 22 July 2008 to 26 August 2011.

paragraphs: Sidhu died on 25 October 2018 at the age of 89.


title: Jerauld County, South Dakota

paragraphs: Jerauld County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 2,071 people lived there. Its county seat is Wessington Springs.


title: Jones County, South Dakota

paragraphs: Jones County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 1,006 people lived there, Its county seat is Murdo. It was created in 1916.


title: Charles Wang

paragraphs: Charles B. Wang (August 19, 1944 – October 21, 2018) was an American businessman and philanthropist. He was a co-founder and CEO of Computer Associates International, Inc. (later renamed to CA Technologies). He was a minority owner (and past majority owner) of the NHL's New York Islanders ice hockey team. A philanthropist, he donated to charities including SmileTrain.

paragraphs: Wang died of lung cancer at his home in Oyster Bay, New York on October 21, 2018 at the age of 74.


title: Oyster Bay, New York

paragraphs: The Town of Oyster Bay is an eastern town that makes up Nassau County, New York, in the United States. It is the only town in Nassau County to extend to Long Island. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 293,214.


title: Zheng Xiaosong

paragraphs: Zheng Xiaosong (; September 1959 – 20 October 2018) was a Chinese politician and diplomat. He was Director of the Macau Liaison Office until he fell to his death in October 2018. He was Deputy Director of the International Liaison Department of the Communist Party of China, Vice Governor of Fujian Province, and secretary-general of the Fujian Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC).

paragraphs: Zheng was a member of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.

paragraphs: On 20 October 2018, Zheng died in Macau after falling from a tall building where he lived, aged 59. Many believed Zheng committed suicide as he suffered from depression at the time of his death.


title: Saint-Blaise

paragraphs: Saint Blaise was a physician and bishop of Sebaste, martyred in 316.

paragraphs: Saint-Blaise is the name of several places:


title: Bédeille

paragraphs: Bédeille is the name of the two communes in France:


title: Péronnne

paragraphs: Péronne is the name or part of the name of three communes in France:


title: Kingsbury County, South Dakota

paragraphs: Kingsbury County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 5,148 people lived there. Its county seat is De Smet. It was created in 1873.


title: Lake County, South Dakota

paragraphs: Lake County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 11,200 people lived there. Its county seat is Madison. It was created in 1873.


title: Alexandria, South Dakota

paragraphs: Alexandria is a city in Hanson County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 615 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Hanson County.


title: La Vergne, Tennessee

paragraphs: La Vergne is a city in the U.S. state of Tennessee.


title: The Fast and the Furious (2001 movie)

paragraphs: The Fast and the Furious is a 2001 American-German action movie directed by Rob Cohen, produced by Neal H. Moritz and written by Gary Scott Thompson and David Ayer. It is the first installment in The Fast and the Furious franchise. The movie stars Paul Walker, Vin Diesel, Michelle Rodriguez, Jordana Brewster, Rick Yune, Chad Lindberg, Johnny Strong, and Ted Levine. The movie follows undercover cop Brian O'Conner, who is tasked with stopping a group of unknown hijackers using high-performance racecars to hijack 18-wheelers. It is an international co-production between the United States and Germany.


title: Sahle-Work Zewde

paragraphs: Sahle-Work Zewde (Amharic: ሳህለወርቅ ዘውዴ, born 21 February 1950) is an Ethiopian diplomat. She is the 4th and current President of Ethiopia, the first female to hold the office. She was elected President by members of the Federal Parliamentary Assembly on October 25, 2018.

paragraphs: Sahle-Work was a diplomat, serving as Special Representative of United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres to the African Union and Head of the United Nations Office to the African Union at the level of Under-Secretary General of the United Nations.


title: Washington County, Oregon

paragraphs: Washington County is one of 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2010 census, the population was 529,710, making it the state's second most populous county. The county seat and largest city is Hillsboro.


title: Lawrence County

paragraphs: Lawrence County is the name of eleven counties in the United States:


title: Lawrence County, South Dakota

paragraphs: Lawrence County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 24,097 people lived there. Its county seat is Deadwood. It was created in 1875.


title: Timber Lake, South Dakota

paragraphs: Timber Lake is a city in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is the county seat of Dewey County.


title: Lyman County, South Dakota

paragraphs: Lyman County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 3,755 people lived there. Its county seat is Kennebec. It was created in 1873.


title: Elk Point

paragraphs: Elk Point is the name of two places in North America:


title: Marshall County, South Dakota

paragraphs: Marshall County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 4,656 people lived there. Its county seat is Britton.


title: Britton, South Dakota

paragraphs: Britton is a city in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is the county seat of Marshall County.


title: Rutherford County, North Carolina

paragraphs: Rutherford County is a county located in the southwestern area of the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2010 census, the population was 67,810. Its county seat is Rutherfordton.


title: Rutherford County

paragraphs: Rutherford County is the name of two counties in the United States:


title: McCook County, South Dakota

paragraphs: McCook County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 5,618 people lived there. Its county seat is Salem. It was created in 1873. It was named for the former governor of the Dakota Territory and Civil War general Edwin Stanton McCook.

paragraphs: The county is divided into sixteen townships:


title: McPherson County, South Dakota

paragraphs: McPherson County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 2,459 people lived there. Its county seat is Leola. It was created in 1873.


title: Meade County, South Dakota

paragraphs: Meade County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 25,434 people lived there. Its county seat is Sturgis. It was created in 1889.


title: Mellette County, South Dakota

paragraphs: Mellette County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 2,048 people lived there. Its county seat is White River. It was created in 1909.


title: Pennington County, South Dakota

paragraphs: Pennington County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2010 census, the population was 100,948, making it the second-most populous county in South Dakota. Its county seat is Rapid City. It was created in 1875.


title: Polenta

paragraphs: Polenta () is a dish of boiled cornmeal. It may be served as a hot porridge, or it may be allowed to cool and solidify into a loaf that can be baked, fried, or grilled. It is a dish popular in Italian, Savoy, Swiss, Austrian, Croatian, Slovenian, Albanian, Romanian, Bulgarian, Corsican, Argentine, Brazilian, and Mexican cuisine, and it is a traditional staple food throughout much of northern Italy.


title: Shallow (Lady Gaga and Bradley Cooper song)

paragraphs: "Shallow" is a song by American entertainer Lady Gaga and American actor Bradley Cooper from the soundtrack of the fourth version of "A Star Is Born" (2018). It was released as the lead single from the soundtrack on September 27, 2018. The song was written by Gaga, Mark Ronson, Anthony Rossomando, and Andrew Wyatt, while Gaga and Benjamin Rice handled production.

paragraphs: The song has reached number one in several countries, including the US, UK, Australia, New Zealand, Austria, Sweden, Switzerland, Denmark, Portugal, and Ireland, and the top ten in Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands, and Norway.

paragraphs: The song won the Academy Award for Best Original Song in 2019, marking Gaga's first Oscar win. It reached number one in its 22nd week on the "Billboard" Hot 100, replacing "7 rings" by Ariana Grande. "Shallow" became Gaga's fourth US number-one hit and Cooper's first. The last song by Gaga to reach the top was "Born This Way" in 2011.

paragraphs: It was certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for sales and streams of two million copies in the US.


title: Exonym and endonym

paragraphs: An exonym is a name of a person, a people group, language, or place used by people of other places and languages. An endonym is a name that people of a certain place and language call themselves. For example, the endonym of Germany is "Deutschland", because that is what Germans call their country, and Germans call themselves and their language "Deutsch". On the other hand, Germany and German are its exonym because English speakers, who are not German, use those names to to describe it.

paragraphs: This is actually very common across languages for several reasons. One reason is because the sounds for an endonym may not exist in certain languages. It would be difficult for speakers of other languages to say them, so speakers of other languages make an exonym. For example, words in Japanese cannot end in any consonant that is not an "n" sound, and for that reason, "Deutsch" is "Doitsu" in Japanese. Japanese also adds Japanese morphemes so that there is no confusion between the country, the people, and the language. The German people are "Doitsujin", in which "-jin" means people, and the name of the German language is "Doitsugo", in which "-go" means language. While the country, people, and language of Laos can all be called "Lao" in English, they are called "Raosu", "Rasoujin", and "Raosugo" in Japanese in that same order.

paragraphs: Another reason why a country might call another country a different name is because people from a certain country might have different ideas about those people or associate them with certain things. For example, even though Greeks call their country "Hellas", their country is known around the world as Greece because the Roman Empire named the region after "Magna" "Graecia", which were coastal areas in southern Italy that were colonized by Greeks in the early days of Rome. Germany has a very large number of exonyms, being called "Allemagne" in French, "Niemcy" in Polish, and "Saksa" in Finnish. This is because Germany has interacted with many other European countries and the Germans were a collection of tribes speaking similar languages until they unified into a country in the late 19th century. Even though the Dutch call themselves "Nederlanders" in their own language, English speakers call them Dutch (a cognate of the German word "Deutsch") because the words German and Dutch used to be interchangeable until Germany unified in the 1800s. From then on, German was used to describe people from Germany, while Dutch was used to describe people from the Netherlands.

paragraphs: Even though in Mandarin Chinese China is called "Zhōngguó", meaning the "Middle Kingdom" or the "Central States", most other countries calls it China. It is believed that the word China cam from the word "Qín", in which the Qin dynasty unified China. However, there are a few exceptions. In Japanese, it is called "Chūgoku", which has the same meaning as the Chinese name, except it uses the Japanese pronunciation for the Chinese characters for the name 中國 / 中国. In Korean, it is called "Jungguk" for the same reason. In Russian, China is called "Kitay".

paragraphs: A third reason why a country might call another place a different name is because a language can borrow a name from another language. Even though Japan is called "Nippon" or "Nihon" in Japanese, the word passed on to Europe through many different languages, all of which were very different from Japanese. Marco Polo heard about Kublai Khan sending soldiers to Cipangu, which in Chinese characters is 日本, which means "Sun's Origin". When the Portuguese arrived in Japan in the mid-16th century, who were the first Europeans to directly trade with Japan, they called the country "Japão" based on an old Malay word, which was borrowed from a southern Chinese dialect. Thus, most other countries call the country Japan. A few exceptions are Chinese, which call it "Rìběn" based on the Mandarin pronunciation of the Chinese characters, and Korean, which call it "Ilbon" based on the Korean pronunciation of the Chinese characters. Also, while many countries call European cities by their endonym, including "Roma", "Praha", "Köln", and "Napoli", the English names of many European cities are noticeably different, which are called Rome, Prague, Cologne, and Naples in the same order. These names were borrowed from French. Since French was the official language of England from the Norman invasion to King Henry V, many of the cities names came into English through French.


title: Hollie Pihl

paragraphs: Holger Mathew Pihl, Jr. (September 23, 1928 – October 3, 2018) was an American Republican politician and judge. He was the Circuit Court Judge of Washington County, Oregon until 1995, and then a Senior Judge until his retirement in 2005. He was appointed to the court by Oregon Governor Tom McCall in 1976.

paragraphs: Pihl was born in Portland, Oregon. He studied at the University of Oregon and at Northwestern University. Pihl died on October 3, 2018 in Manning, Oregon at the age of 90.


title: Manning, Oregon

paragraphs: Manning is an unincorporated community in Washington County, Oregon, United States. Manning was named for Martin Manning, who took up a land claim there in 1865.


title: Rudolf Gelbard

paragraphs: Rudolf Gelbard (4 December 1930 – 24 October 2018) was an Austrian Holocaust survivor and political campaigner against. He fought against anti-Semitism and neo-Nazism. He taught in schools and universities about his experiences during the Holocaust. From 1954-1963, Gelbard worked for the Ministry of Social Affairs. He later worked as a merchant, before becoming editor of the Kurier in 1975.

paragraphs: Gelbard died in Vienna on 24 October 2018 at the age of 87.


title: Tony Joe White

paragraphs: Tony Joe White (July 23, 1943 – October 24, 2018) was an American singer-songwriter and guitarist. He was born in Oak Grove, West Carroll Parish, Louisiana. White was best known for his 1969 hit "Polk Salad Annie" and for "Rainy Night in Georgia", which he wrote but was first made popular by Brook Benton in 1970.

paragraphs: He also wrote "Steamy Windows" and "Undercover Agent for the Blues", both hits for Tina Turner in 1989. "Polk Salad Annie" was also recorded by Elvis Presley and Tom Jones.

paragraphs: White died of a heart attack in Nashville, Tennessee on October 24, 2018, at the age of 75.


title: Lindon Crow

paragraphs: Lindon Oscar Crow (April 4, 1933 – October 25, 2018) was an American football cornerback.

paragraphs: He played professionally in the National Football League. He was named to three Pro Bowls. He was born in Denison, Texas. Crow played for the New York Giants and the Los Angeles Rams.

paragraphs: Crow died on October 25, 2018 in Exeter, California from complications of a stroke at the age of 85.


title: Exeter, California

paragraphs: Exeter is a city in Tulare County, California, United States. It is in the San Joaquin Valley near the foothills of the Sierra Nevada mountains. The population was 10,334 at the 2010 census.


title: San Joaquin Valley

paragraphs: The San Joaquin Valley ( ) is the area of the Central Valley of the U.S. state of California that lies south of the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta and is drained by the San Joaquin River.

paragraphs: It is made up of seven Northern California counties—all of Kings County; a majority of Fresno, Merced, Stanislaus counties; segments of Madera and Tulare counties—and a majority of Kern County, in Southern California.


title: Oak Grove, West Carroll Parish, Louisiana

paragraphs: Oak Grove is the parish seat of West Carroll Parish in northeastern Louisiana, United States. The population was 2,174 at the 2000 census, but it declined by 447, or 20.5 percent, to 1,727 in 2010.


title: Thomas Keating

paragraphs: Fr. Thomas Keating, O.C.S.O. (7 March 1923 – 25 October 2018) was an American Trappist monk and priest. He was born in New York City. Keating was known as one of the architects of Centering Prayer. He was a founder of the Centering Prayer movement and of Contemplative Outreach.

paragraphs: Keating died on 25 October 2018 in Spencer, Massachusetts from respiratory failure at the age of 95.


title: Michael J. O'Connor

paragraphs: Michael J. O'Connor (December 15, 1928 – October 24, 2018) was an American politician. He was born in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. He was a member of the South Dakota House of Representatives and South Dakota State Senate. He was President Pro Tempore of the Senate from 1975 to 1976. He was a member of the Democratic Party.

paragraphs: O'Connor died in Sioux Falls from skin cancer on October 24, 2018 at the age of 89.


title: Ana González de Recabarren

paragraphs: Ana González González, more commonly known by her married name Ana González de Recabarren (25 July 1925 – 26 October 2018), was a Chilean human rights activist. She was born in Tocopilla, Chile.

paragraphs: González joined the Association of Relatives of the Disappeared Detainees (AFDD) and became one of its primary leaders alongside Sola Sierra, Viviana Díaz, and Clotario Blest. She participated in a hunger strike at the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean headquarters in Santiago.

paragraphs: In 1996, she was the focus of the Televisión Nacional de Chile-broadcast documentary "Quiero llorar a mares" and in 2001 won the Premios Ondas for Ibero-America for the Best Program or Professional or Television Station.

paragraphs: In June 2000, she sued former dictator Augusto Pinochet for the disappearance of her family 26 years prior.

paragraphs: González died from a lung infection in Santiago on 26 October 2018 at the age of 93.


title: Nikolai Karachentsov

paragraphs: Nikolai Petrovich Karachentsov (, 27 October 1944 – 26 October 2018) was a Soviet and Russian actor. He was born in Moscow. He was known for his roles in "Juno and Avos", "The Dog in the Manger", and in "A Man from the Boulevard des Capucines". In 1989, he was awarded the People's Artist of the RSFSR.

paragraphs: In 2005, Karachentsov was involved in a serious car accident that left him in a coma for a month.

paragraphs: In 2017 Karachentsov was diagnosed with lung cancer and underwent unsuccessful treatment in Israel.

paragraphs: Karachentsov died of kidney failure in Moscow one day before his 74th birthday.


title: György Károly

paragraphs: György Károly ("Károly György", 31 August 1953 – 26 October 2018) was a Hungarian poet and writer. He was born in Budapest. He published his first poems in the Élet és Irodalom (“Life and Literature”). He was poetic silent in the 1980s. In the nineties Károly began writing again. His best known novels were "Folyamatos május" and "Dunakanyaró".

paragraphs: Károly died on 26 October 2018 in Szigetszentmiklós, Hungary from brain cancer, aged 65.


title: Chappaqua, New York

paragraphs: Chappaqua (, ) is a hamlet and census-designated place in the town of New Castle, in northern Westchester County, New York. It is on of land on the east bank of the Hudson River. It is about north of New York City.

paragraphs: Bill and Hillary Clinton live here. Since the 2010 census, 1,436 people live here.


title: Burlingame, California

paragraphs: Burlingame () is a city in San Mateo County, California. It is located near San Francisco on the San Francisco Peninsula and has a significant shoreline on San Francisco Bay. As of the 2010 U.S. Census, Burlingame had a population of 28,806.


title: Diabase

paragraphs: Diabase (also known as dolerite or microgabbro) is an igneous rock that is often blue in colour. It is rich in magnesium and iron, and originally found under the crust of volcanoes. Dikes and sills in igneous rock are often made of diabase.


title: Pittsburgh synagogue shooting

paragraphs: On October 27, 2018, a mass shooting occurred at the Tree of Life synagogue in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Authorities reported several fatalities along with several other wounded people (including three police officers). One suspect was taken into custody.

paragraphs: It was reported that three people were killed on the ground level, four in the synagogue's basement and at least one other person died in the building.

paragraphs: The local TV station KDKA-TV initially reported that the suspect, described as a white male with a beard, entered the synagogue and shouted "All Jews must die" before opening fire.


title: 2018 Little Village fire

paragraphs: On August 26, 2018, a fire broke out in Chicago's Mexican-American Little Village neighborhood. The fire killed 10 children, including six children under the age of 12. Investigators stated that the fire started in the back of the building in a ground-floor apartment, which was vacant.

paragraphs: The fire is the deadliest residential fire to have occurred in Chicago since 1958. In the aftermath of the fire, multiple violations were found in the apartment. Apartment owner, Merced Gutierrez, appearing in court for the 40 violations found at the site of the fire.


title: Jun-ichi Nishizawa

paragraphs: Nishizawa died on October 21, 2018 in Sendai, Japan at the age of 92.


title: Erin Heatherton

paragraphs: Erin Heather Bubley (born March 4, 1989) is an American model and actress. She is best known for her work for lingerie retailer Victoria's Secret. Heatherton was born in Skokie, Illinois. At the age of 17, Heatherton moved to New York City and signed with the Marilyn Agency.

paragraphs: As of December 2013 Heatherton is ranked No. 15 on Models.com top 25 sexiest models list. In 2013 it was announced that Heatherton had signed with IMG.


title: Australia men's national para ice hockey team

paragraphs: The Australian men's para ice hockey team (also known as Aussie Ice Roos) is the ice sledge hockey team representing Australia. The team will make it's debut at the 2018 World Para Ice Hockey Championships in Pool C in Finland.


title: Statue of Unity

paragraphs: The Statue of Unity is a tribute to the Indian leader Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, unveiled on 31 October 2018. This statue is a patriotic symbol of the legacy of a man who spent his life in the struggle for freedom. As a mark respect, statue is located at his birthplace in Gujarat. The statue is designed by Ram V. Sutar. The total amount for the project is US $430 million. The statue stands 182 metres high, making it the one of the tallest monument in the world, second to the St. Louis Arch.

paragraphs: The Statue of Unity is at Sadhu Bet Island. A 12 km square lake will create the atmosphere of equality and diversity. A special trust called as “Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Rashtriya Ekta Trust” has been created for to manage the place. The statue is made with steel frame and reinforced concrete. For durability, the statue has been given bronze plating. The statue has a 153 m high viewing deck able to hold 200 visitors. It has a panoramic view of the Sardar Sarovar Dam.

paragraphs: It has been designed to withstand winds of velocity of 60 metres/second, and is also claimed to be earthquake resistant. A total of 22,500 tons of cement forms the core structure of this monument. The iron used in the construction was collected from old farm equipment throughout India. A team of 700 Indian workers worked on the smelting and casting.


title: Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

paragraphs: Sardar Vallabhai Patel (31 October 1875 - 15 December 1950) was a lawyer and influential political leader in the Indian independence movement. After independence, he was important in the integration of over 500 princely states into the Indian Union. He was deeply influenced by Gandhi’s ideology and principles, having worked very closely with the leader. Despite being the choice of the people, on the request of Mahatma Gandhi, Sardar Patel stepped down from the candidacy of Congress President, which ultimately turned out to be the election to choose the first Prime Minister of independent India. He was the first Home Minister of Independent India and his uncompromising efforts towards consolidation of the country earned him the title ‘Iron Man of India’.

paragraphs: Vallabhai Patel was born on October 31, 1875 in Nadiad village of modern day Gujarat to Zaverbhai and Ladbai. Vallabhai’s father had served in the army of the Queen of Jhansi, and his mother was a very spiritual woman.

paragraphs: Starting his academic career in a Gujarati medium school, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel later shifted to an English medium school. In 1897, Vallabhai passed his high school and started preparing for law examination. He went to pursue a degree in law and travelled to England in 1910. He completed his law degree in 1913 from Inns of Court and came back to India to start his law practice in Godhra, Gujarat. For his legal proficiency, Vallabhai was offered many lucrative posts by the British Government but he rejected all. He was a staunch opponent of the British government and its laws and therefore decided not to work for the British.

paragraphs: In 1891 he married Zaverbai and the couple had two children. One was a girl called Maniben Patel (1903-1990) and a boy, Dahyabhai Patel (1906-1973). Serdar Patel’s Daughter was an activist while his Son was a member of the parliament of India.

paragraphs: Patel shifted his practice to Ahmedabad. He became a member of the Gujarat Club where he attended a lecture by Mahatma Gandhi. Gandhi’s words deeply affected Vallabhbai and he soon adopted Gandhi’s principles to become a staunch follower of the charismatic leader. That is how deeply Gandhi’s words had affected him. He didn’t know that he would change India and start a successful career.

paragraphs: In 1917, Sardar Vallabhai was elected as the Secretary of the Gujarat Sabha, the Gujarat wing of the Indian National Congress. In 1918, he led a massive "No Tax Campaign" that urged the farmers not to pay taxes after the British insisted on tax after the floods in Kaira. The peaceful movement forced the British authorities to return the land taken away from the farmers. His effort to bring together the farmers of his area brought him the title of 'Sardar'. He actively supported the non-cooperation Movement launched by Gandhi. Patel toured the nation with him, recruited 300,000 members and helped collect over Rs. 1.5 million.

paragraphs: In 1928, the farmers of Bardoli again faced a problem of "tax-hike". After prolonged summons, when the farmers refused to pay the extra tax, the government seized their lands in retaliation. The agitation took on for more than six months. After several rounds of negotiations by Patel, the lands were returned to farmers after a deal was struck between the government and farmers’ representatives.

paragraphs: In 1930, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was among the leaders imprisoned for participating in the famous Salt Satyagraha movement initiated by Mahatma Gandhi. His inspiring speeches during the "Salt Movement" transformed the outlook of numerous people s, who later played a major role in making the movement successful. He led the Satyagraha movement across Gujarat when Gandhi was under imprisonment, upon request from the congress members.

paragraphs: Sardar Patel was freed in 1931, following an agreement signed between Mahatma Gandhi and Lord Irwin, the then Viceroy of India. The treaty was popularly known as the Gandhi-Irwin Pact. The same year, Patel was elected as the President of Indian National Congress in its Karachi session where the party deliberated its future path. Congress committed itself towards defence of fundamental and human rights. It was in this session that the dream of a secular nation was conceived.

paragraphs: During the legislative elections of 1934, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel campaigned for the Indian National Congress. Though he did not contest, Sardar Patel helped his fellow party mates during the election.

paragraphs: In the 1942 Quit India Movement, Patel continued his unwavering support to Gandhi when several contemporary leaders criticized the latter’s decision. He continued travelling throughout the country propagating the agenda of the movement in a series of heart-felt speeches. He was arrested again in 1942 and was imprisoned in the Ahmednagar fort till 1945 along with other Congress leaders.

paragraphs: Sardar Patel’s journey often saw a number of confrontations with other important leaders of the congress. He voiced his annoyance at Jawaharlal Nehru openly when the latter adopted socialism in 1936. Patel was also wary of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose and considered him to be "keen on more power within the party”.

paragraphs: The separatist movement lead by Muslim League leader Mohammed Ali Jinnah led to a series of violent Hindu-Muslim riots across the country just before the independence. In Sardar Patel’s opinion, the open communal conflicts incited by the riots had the potential to establish a weak Government at the centre post-independence which will be disastrous for consolidating a democratic nation. Patel went on to work on a solution with V.P. Menon, a civil servant during December 1946 and accepted his suggestion of creating a separate dominion based on religious inclination of states. He represented India in the Partition Council.

paragraphs: After India achieved independence, Patel became the first Home Minister and also the Deputy Prime Minister. Patel played a very crucial role in post-independence India by successfully integrating around 562 princely states under the Indian Dominion. The British Government had presented these rulers with two alternatives - they could join India or Pakistan; or they could stay independent. This clause magnified the difficulty of process to mammoth proportions. Congress entrusted this intimidating task to Sardar Patel who started lobbying for integration on August 6, 1947. He was successful in integrating all of them barring Jammu and Kashmir, Junagarh and Hyderabad. He eventually dealt with the situation with his sharp political acumen and secured their accession. The India that we see today was a result of the efforts put in by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.

paragraphs: Patel was a leading member of the Constituent Assembly of India and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was appointed on his recommendation. He was the key force in establishing the Indian Administrative Service and the Indian Police Service. He took personal interest in initiating a restoration endeavour of the Somnath Temple in Saurashtra, Gujarat. Patel dealt ruthlessly with the Pakistan’s efforts to invade Kashmir in September 1947. He oversaw immediate expansion of the army and marked improvement of other infrastructural aspects. He often disagreed with Nehru’s policies, especially about his dealings with Pakistan regarding the refugee issues. He organised multiple refugee camps in Punjab and Delhi, and later in West Bengal.

paragraphs: Gandhi had profound effect on Patel’s politics and thoughts. He pledged unwavering support to the Mahatma and stood by his principles all through his life. While leaders including Jawaharlal Nehru, Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari and Maulana Azad criticized Mahatma Gandhi's idea that the civil disobedience movement would compel the British to leave the nation, Patel extended his support to Gandhi. Despite the unwillingness of the Congress High Command, Mahatma Gandhi and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel strongly forced the All India Congress Committee to ratify the civil disobedience movement and launch it without delaying further. Upon Gandhi’s request he gave up his candidacy for the post of the Prime Minister of India. He suffered a major heart attack after Gandhi’s death.  Although he recovered, he attributed it to having lamented silently for the loss of his mentor.

paragraphs: Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel's health started declining in 1950. He realized that he was not going to live much longer. On November 2, 1950, his health became even worse and he had to stay in bed. He died on December 15, 1950 after he had a heart attack.


title: All India Trinamool Congress

paragraphs: The All India Trinamool Congress (abbreviated AITC, TMC or Trinamool Congress) is an Indian political party based in West Bengal.


title: Deadwood, South Dakota

paragraphs: Deadwood (Lakota: "Owáyasuta"; "To approve or confirm things") is a city in South Dakota, United States, and the county seat of Lawrence County. It is named after the dead trees found in its gulch. The population was 1,270 at the 2010 census. The entire city is a National Historic Landmark District, for its well-preserved Gold Rush-era architecture.


title: Union County, South Dakota

paragraphs: Union County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2010 census, the population was 14,399. Its county seat is Elk Point. Originally named Cole County, the named was changed to Union because of Civil War sentiment. It was founded on April 10, 1862.

paragraphs: Union County is part of the Sioux City, IA–NE–SD Metropolitan Statistical Area.

paragraphs: "Progressive Farmer" rated Union County second in the 2006 "Best Place to Live" in the U.S., because "its schools are good, its towns neat and its people friendly."


title: Miner County, South Dakota

paragraphs: Miner County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 2,389 people lived there. Its county seat is Howard. It was created in 1873.


title: Moody County, South Dakota

paragraphs: Moody County is a county located in the state of South Dakota in the United States. 6,486 people lived there at the 2010 census. Its county seat is Flandreau.


title: Oglala Lakota County, South Dakota

paragraphs: Oglala Lakota County, known as Shannon County until May 2015, is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. 13,586 people lived there at the 2010 census. Oglala Lakota County does not have its own county seat. Instead, Hot Springs in neighboring Fall River County serves as its administrative center. The county was created as a part of the Dakota Territory in 1875. Its largest community is Pine Ridge.


title: Perkins County, South Dakota

paragraphs: Perkins County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 2,982 people lived there. Its county seat is Bison. It was created in 1909.


title: Bison, South Dakota

paragraphs: Bison is a town in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is the county seat of Perkins County.


title: Erie County

paragraphs: Erie County is the name of three counties in the United States:


title: 2017 Atlantic hurricane season

paragraphs: The 2017 Atlantic hurricane season was the most active

paragraphs: Since 2012. It officially began on June 1 and ended on November 30. It was a hyperactive and tragic season. With a damage total of at least $282.16 billion (USD), it was the costliest season on record. With over 3,300 deaths, 2017 was the deadliest season since 2005. More than 99.7% of the season's damage was due to Harvey, Irma, and Maria. Nate, was the worst natural disaster in Costa Rican history. Harvey, Irma, Maria, and Nate had their names retired due to their high damage costs and loss of life. Featuring 17 named storms, 10 hurricanes, and 6 major hurricanes, the 2017 season is the fifth active season.

paragraphs: Tropical Storm Arlene in April was the first storm of the season that formed on April 19. This was the third consecutive season in which storms form before the official start of the hurricane season. In late August, Hurricane Harvey became the first major hurricane to make landfall in the United States since Wilma in 2005 and the first Category 4 hurricane since Charley in 2004. It also tied the record for the costliest tropical cyclone on record along with the most rainfall dropped by a tropical cyclone in the United States. In early September, Hurricane Irma became the first Category 5 hurricane to impact the northern Leeward Islands on record. It later hit the Florida Keys as a Category 4 hurricane. Irma is the strongest hurricane ever recorded in the Atlantic Ocean outside of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. In late September, Hurricane Maria became the first Category 5 hurricane to strike the island of Dominica on record; and later it made landfall in Puerto Rico as a high-end Category 4 hurricane. Most of the deaths from this season occurred from Maria, and caused a human crisis in Puerto Rico. In early October, Hurricane Nate became the fastest-moving hurricane in the Gulf of Mexico while also becoming the fourth hurricane of the year to make landfall in the contiguous United States. Slightly over a week later, Hurricane Ophelia became the easternmost major hurricane in the Atlantic basin on record, and later impacted most of Northern Europe as an extratropical cyclone. The season ended with Tropical Storm Rina, which became post-tropical on November 9.

paragraphs: The following list of names was used for named storms that formed in the North Atlantic in 2017. The names not retired from this list will be used again in the 2023 season. This was the same list used in the 2011 season, with the exception of Irma which replaced Irene. Irma was previously used in 1978, and it's only used once as an Atlantic hurricane during this season.

paragraphs: On April 11, 2018, the names "Harvey", "Irma", "Maria", and "Nate" were retired by the World Meteorological Organization due to the very expensive amount of damage and significant number of deaths they caused, and they will not be used again for a future Atlantic hurricane. They will be replaced with "Harold", "Idalia", "Margot", and "Nigel" for the 2023 season, respectively.


title: Bell Canada

paragraphs: Bell Canada (commonly referred to as just Bell) is a Canadian telecommunications company. It is headquartered in Montreal, Quebec. It is the local exchange carrier for telephone and DSL internet in most of Canada east of Saskatchewan. It also serves Canada's northern territories.

paragraphs: Its related company, Bell Aliant, provides services in Atlantic Canada. It provides mobile service through its Bell Mobility division. It also provides television through its Bell TV and Bell Fibe TV operations.

paragraphs: Bell Canada was established on April 29, 1880.

paragraphs: Bell Canada was originally known as The Bell Telephone Company of Canada. But in March 1968, the name was shortened to "Bell Canada".

paragraphs: The company also owns Bell Media. Bell Media has mass media properties, including the CTV Television Network. It also has significant interests in the Montreal Canadiens ice hockey club and Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment.

paragraphs: Bell Canada is one of the main assets of the holding company BCE Inc. (Bell Canada Enterprises). BCE ranked at #262 on the 2011 edition of the Forbes Global 2000 list.


title: Lavori Publici FC

paragraphs: Lavori Publici FC (or "Lavori Pubblici FC" in Italian language) was an historical football team in Mogadishu, that officially existed from 1947 to 1990.

paragraphs: The football team was created in the late 1940s by a group of football fans representing all the Italian colonists of all Italian Somalia with the name "Genio Officina", as an antagonist to the AC Mogadiscio (the team of the Italians of only the capital Mogadishu) in the first amauteur championship of Somalia. The team was officially inscribed in the Somalia first league championship in 1952 as "Lavori Publici FC/Genio", winning the tournament of that year.

paragraphs: The team had a lot of followers who were native Somalis and so survived until 1990 when the Somali civil war started, while the antagonist AC Mogadiscio disappeared when Italy gave the independence to Somalia in 1960 (and nearly all the Italians of Somalia left the country).


title: Damien Hirst

paragraphs: Damien Steven Hirst (born 7 June 1965) is an English artist. He is one of the Young British Artists (YBAs). The YBAs became famous during the 1990s. He is reportedly the United Kingdom's richest living artist. In 2010 the "Sunday Times" estimated his wealth at £215 million. During the 1990s he worked together with famous art collector Charles Saatchi. Hirst and Saatchi had disagreements, and they ended their friendship in 2003.

paragraphs: Death is a central theme in Hirst's works. He became famous for a series of artworks in which dead animals are preserved in formaldehyde. The animals included a sheep, a cow and a shark. The best-known of these was "The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living". This was a tiger shark immersed in formaldehyde in a transparent display case. He has also made "spin paintings". These were created on a rotating canvas. And "spot paintings", which are rows of randomly coloured circles created by his assistants.

paragraphs: In September 2008, Hirst sold all the artworks of a show during one auction at Sotheby's. This had never been done before by a living artist. The auction made him £111 million ($198 million), breaking the record for an auction by a single artist. It also broke Hirst's own record with £10.3 million for "The Golden Calf", an animal with 18-carat gold horns and hooves, preserved in formaldehyde.

paragraphs: Since 1999 some of Hirst's works have been claimed to be plagiarised. It was discovered that his sculpture "Hymn" was closely based on a child's toy. Hirst was sued by the original creator of the toy, and the case was settled out-of-court.


title: Vichai Srivaddhanaprabha

paragraphs: Vichai Srivaddhanaprabha (; ) (4 April 1958 – 27 October 2018) was a Thai billionaire businessman. He was born in Bangkok. He was the founder, owner and chairman of King Power Duty Free. He was the owner of Premier League football club Leicester City since 2010.

paragraphs: On 27 October 2018, Srivaddhanaprabha was killed in a helicopter that crashed outside the King Power Stadium in Leicester shortly after taking off. He was 60 years old.


title: 2018 Leicester City F.C. helicopter crash

paragraphs: On 27 October 2018, an AgustaWestland AW169 helicopter crashed shortly after take-off from the King Power Stadium, the home ground of Leicester City in Leicester, United Kingdom.

paragraphs: Club owner Vichai Srivaddhanaprabha was on board, as well as two other passengers and two pilots. The Air Accidents Investigation Branch is currently leading an investigation into the accident. It was confirmed all 5 occupants died.


title: Edgar S. Harris Jr.

paragraphs: Edgar Starr Harris Jr. (May 14, 1925 – October 13, 2018) was an American Air Force lieutenant general. He was born in Danville, Virginia. His last assignment was commander of Eighth Air Force, Strategic Air Command, with headquarters at Barksdale Air Force Base, Louisiana.

paragraphs: During his over 30 years in the United States Air Force, Harris was also Chief of Staff and Vice Commander in Chief of the Strategic Air Command, where he spent most of his time during his service.

paragraphs: Harris Jr. died on October 13, 2018 in Fort Worth, Texas at the age of 93.


title: Saint Cecilia

paragraphs: Saint Cecilia () is the patroness of musicians. At her wedding she "sang in her heart to the Lord". Her feast day is celebrated in the Latin Catholic, Eastern Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches and in the Anglican Communion on November 22. She is one of seven women, excluding the Blessed Virgin, commemorated by name in the Canon of the Mass.

paragraphs: While the details of her story appear to be fictional, her existence and martyrdom are considered a historical fact. She is said to have been beheaded with a sword. An early Roman Christian church, Santa Cecilia, was founded in the fourth century in the Trastevere section of Rome, reputedly on the site of the house in which she lived. A number of musical compositions are dedicated to her, and her feast day has become the occasion for concerts and musical festivals.


title: U Thuzana

paragraphs: Thuzana (; ), also known as the Myainggyi-ngu Sayadaw (; 1947 – 18 October 2018) was a Karen Theravada Buddhist monk. He worked in Myaing Gyi Ngu, Kayin State, Myanmar. He was the leader of the Democratic Karen Buddhist Army (DKBA), an ethnic insurgent group, until its dissolution in 2010. He was born in Kayin State.

paragraphs: Thuzana was responsible for a 1992 campaign of constructing pagodas in Kayin State and held the title "Myaing Gyi Ngu Sayadaw".

paragraphs: Thuzana died on 18 October 2018 at the age of 71 at the Bumrungrad International Hospital in Bangkok, Thailand.


title: Sonny Fortune

paragraphs: Cornelius "Sonny" Fortune (May 19, 1939 – October 25, 2018) was an American jazz saxophonist and clarinetist. Fortune played soprano, alto, tenor, and baritone saxophones, clarinet, and flute. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Fortune can be heard on the albums "Big Fun", "Get Up With It", "Agharta" and "Pangaea", the last two recorded live in Japan.

paragraphs: Fortune died at the age of 79 in New York City on October 25, 2018 from a stroke.


title: Friday the 13th (1980 movie)

paragraphs: Friday the 13th is a 1980 American slasher movie produced and directed by Sean S. Cunningham, and written by Victor Miller.

paragraphs: It stars Betsy Palmer, Adrienne King, Harry Crosby, Laurie Bartram, Kevin Bacon, Jeannine Taylor, Mark Nelson, and Robbi Morgan. The movie tells the story of a group of teenagers who are murdered one by one by an unknown killer while attempting to re-open an abandoned summer camp.

paragraphs: Released in May 1980, "Friday the 13th" was a major box office success, grossing over $39.7 million in the United States alone. This was the first movie in the a long series of sequels with the creation of serial killer Jason Voorhees.


title: Friday the 13th (franchise)

paragraphs: Friday the 13th is an American horror franchise that is made up of twelve slasher movies, a television show, novels, comic books, video games, and tie‑in merchandise.

paragraphs: The franchise mainly focuses on the fictional character Jason Voorhees, who drowned as a boy at Camp Crystal Lake.

paragraphs: The original movie, created to cash in on the success of "Halloween" (1978), was written by Victor Miller and was produced and directed by Sean S. Cunningham. The films have grossed over $464 million at the box-office worldwide.

paragraphs: In October 2018, it was announced that LeBron James, through his production company Springhill Entertainment alongside Vertigo Entertainment, is in talks to co-produce the next movie in a possible reboot of the franchise.


title: Friday the 13th Part 2

paragraphs: Friday the 13th Part II is a 1981 American slasher movie produced and directed by Steve Miner, and the second installment in the "Friday the 13th" movie series. It is a direct sequel to "Friday the 13th".

paragraphs: The movie marks the first appearance of Jason Voorhees as the killer; his mother was the killer in the last movie. Steve Daskewisz plays Jason.

paragraphs: It was released on April 30, 1981. It did not gross as much as the original and still received negative reviews.


title: Friday the 13th Part III

paragraphs: Friday the 13th Part 3 is a 1982 American slasher film directed by Steve Miner and produced by Frank Mancuso Jr.. It is the third installment in the "Friday the 13th" movie series.

paragraphs: It stars Dana Kimmell, Richard Brooker, Paul Kratka, Larry Zerner, and Tracie Savage. The plot is about a teenage girl and her friends on vacation at a house on Crystal Lake, where a wounded Jason Voorhees is waiting to kill them.

paragraphs: The movie marks the first time Jason Voorhees is wearing his signature hockey mask.

paragraphs: It was released on August 13, 1982, grossing over $36.6 million at the US box office on a budget of $2.3 million despite negative reviews. The movie was the first to remove "" from the number-one box office spot and became the second highest-grossing horror movie of 1982.


title: Friday the 13th: The Final Chapter

paragraphs: Friday the 13th: The Final Chapter is a 1984 American slasher movie directed by Joseph Zito and produced by Frank Mancuso Jr.. It stars Corey Feldman, Ted White, Kimberly Beck, and Crispin Glover. It is the fourth installment in the "Friday the 13th" movie series.

paragraphs: The movie is about Jason Voorhees escaping from a morgue and returns to Crystal Lake to continue his killing spree, targeting a family and a group of neighboring teenagers.

paragraphs: It was released on April 13, 1984. It made about $11 million on its opening weekend and grossed $32 million in the United States on a budget of $2.6 million.


title: Friday the 13th: A New Beginning

paragraphs: Friday the 13th: A New Beginning (also known as Friday the 13th: Part V) is a 1985 American slasher movie directed by Danny Steinmann. It stars Melanie Kinnaman, John Shepherd, and Shavar Ross. It is the fifth installment in the "Friday the 13th" movie series.

paragraphs: The movie was the first in the franchise to become a psychological horror movie rather than focusing on the background mystery of Jason Voorhees. The movie was controversial because many scenes included nudity and drug use.


title: Friday the 13th Part VI: Jason Lives

paragraphs: Friday the 13th Part VI: Jason Lives (also known on screen as Jason Lives: Friday the 13th Part VI) is a 1986 American supernatural slasher movie and the sixth installment in the "Friday the 13th" movie series. It was written and directed by Tom McLoughlin.

paragraphs: Because of the unpopularity from removing Jason Voorhees in "", producers brought back the character to boost up popularity for the franchise.

paragraphs: Many believe that this movie and "Freddy vs. Jason" are the most popular movies of the franchise.


title: Friday the 13th Part VII: The New Blood

paragraphs: Friday the 13th Part VII: The New Blood is a 1988 American supernatural slasher movie directed by John Carl Buechler. It stars Lar Park Lincoln, Kevin Blair, and Susan Blu. It is the seventh installment in the "Friday the 13th" movie series.

paragraphs: The movie has Jason Voorhees being awoken after a psychokinetic teenage girl unleashes Jason from his grave in Crystal Lake, where she and her friends are staying.


paragraphs: Friday the 13th Part VIII: Jason Takes Manhattan is a 1989 American slasher movie written and directed by Rob Hedden. It stars Jensen Daggett, Scott Reeves, Peter Mark Richman, and Kane Hodder. It is the eighth installment in the "Friday the 13th" movie series.

paragraphs: It is about Jason Voorhees stalking a group of high school graduates on a ship en route to, and later in, New York City. It was the last movie in the series to be distributed by Paramount Pictures in the United States until 2009 as New Line Cinema bought the rights.

paragraphs: I was released on July 28, 1989, the movie grossed $14.3 million at the U.S. box office, which was the lowest gross of the series at that time, second-lowest U.S. gross in the series to date.


title: Jason Goes to Hell: The Final Friday

paragraphs: Jason Goes to Hell: The Final Friday is a 1993 American slasher movie directed by Adam Marcus and produced by Sean S. Cunningham. It stars John D. LeMay, Kari Keegan and Allison Smith.

paragraphs: It is the ninth installment in the "Friday the 13th" movie series. Its plot continues the Jason Voorhees story with an FBI ambush in which Voorhees's body is detonated; after, his spirit possesses the coroner examining his remains. He uses the coroner's body to continue his killings.

paragraphs: "Jason Goes to Hell: The Final Friday" premiered in the United States on August 13, 1993, and grossed $15.9 million at the box office. Many fans did not like the movie because the movie removed Jason as the physical killer. Its conclusion, which references villain Freddy Krueger, established what would become "Freddy vs. Jason", released ten years later in 2003.


title: Sean S. Cunningham

paragraphs: Sean Sexton Cunningham (born December 1941) is an American movie director, producer, and writer. He is best known for creating the "Friday the 13th franchise" by directing "the first movie" (1980) and creating the slasher icon Jason Voorhees.


title: Jason X

paragraphs: Jason X is a 2001 American science fiction slasher movie produced and directed by James Isaac. It is the tenth installment in the "Friday the 13th" movie series. It stars Kane Hodder in his fourth and final movie appearance as the undead mass murderer Jason Voorhees being in space.

paragraphs: It received strong negative reviews with a 19% on Rotten Tomatoes. Roger Ebert gave the movie 0.5 stars out of 4, quoting one of the movie's lines: "This sucks on so many levels."


title: Pamela Voorhees

paragraphs: Pamela Voorhees is a character from the "Friday the 13th" movie series. She first appeared in Sean S. Cunningham's original movie.

paragraphs: Voorhees is the vengeful mother of Jason Voorhees, simply known as Mrs. Voorhees. The character was created by Victor Miller, and was played by Betsy Palmer in the original movie as well as briefly in "Friday the 13th Part 2" (1981).

paragraphs: She was portrayed by Paula Shaw in "Freddy vs. Jason" (2003). Nana Visitor played Pamela Voorhees in the 2009 remake of "Friday the 13th".


title: Friday the 13th (2009 movie)

paragraphs: Friday the 13th is a 2009 American slasher movie directed by Marcus Nispel and written by Damian Shannon and Mark Swift. The movie is a reboot of the "Friday the 13th" movie series. It stars Jared Padalecki, Danielle Panabaker, Aaron Yoo, Amanda Righetti, Travis Van Winkle and Derek Mears as Jason Voorhees.

paragraphs: "Friday the 13th" was released in theaters on Friday, February 13, 2009.


title: Child's Play (franchise)

paragraphs: Child's Play (also called Chucky) is an American horror comedy franchise centered on a series of seven movies created by Don Mancini.

paragraphs: The movie mainly focus on Chucky (voiced by Brad Dourif), a serial killer known as the "Lakeshore Strangler" whose soul is transferred inside a Good Guy doll following a voodoo ritual in order to avoid going to Hell. In the 2019 reboot, Chucky (voiced by Mark Hamill) is an AI doll, gone out of control, and determined to kill people.

paragraphs: The franchise through movies, merchandise, DVD sales and videos has made over $250 million.


title: Child's Play 3

paragraphs: Child's Play 3 is a 1991 American slasher comedy movie and the third installment in the "Child's Play" movie series. The movie is written by Don Mancini, and directed by Jack Bender, with Brad Dourif returning as the voice of Chucky.

paragraphs: Although released only nine months later, the story takes place eight years following the events of 1990's "Child's Play 2".


title: Don Mancini

paragraphs: George Donald Mancini (born January 25, 1963) is an American screenwriter and movie director. He is known for creating the "Child’s Play" franchise.


title: Carthage, New York

paragraphs: Carthage is a village located in the town of Wilna in Jefferson County, New York, United States. The population was 3,747 at the 2010 census. The village is named after the historic city of Carthage in Tunisia.


title: Wilna, New York

paragraphs: Wilna is a town in Jefferson County, New York, United States. The population was 6,427 at the 2010 census.


title: Seed of Chucky

paragraphs: Seed of Chucky is a 2004 American comedy slasher movie. It is the fifth installment of the "Child's Play" series, and sequel to 1998's "Bride of Chucky". The movie was written and directed by Don Mancini, who created the series .

paragraphs: The movie, shot in Romania, continues the series' evolution from horror to a horror-comedy. It was the last "Child's Play" movie to be released in theaters, with all future installments to be released direct to DVD.


title: Tiffany Valentine

paragraphs: Tiffany Valentine-Ray (also known as "The Bride of Chucky") is a murderous doll and a character in the "Child's Play" horror-comedy movie series. She is played by Jennifer Tilly in both live-action and voiceover in "Bride of Chucky", "Seed of Chucky", "Curse of Chucky", and "Cult of Chucky".

paragraphs: As a human, Tiffany has bleached blonde hair and brown eyes, a gothic fashion style, and has a chest tattoo of a stabbed heart with Chucky written above it.


title: Curse of Chucky

paragraphs: Curse of Chucky is a 2013 American slasher movie and the sixth installment of the "Child's Play" franchise. The movie was written and directed by Don Mancini, who created the franchise. It stars Brad Dourif as Chucky and Fiona Dourif as Nica Pierce. The movie made $3.4 million in DVD sales.

paragraphs: The movie received strong positive reviews.


title: Cult of Chucky

paragraphs: Cult of Chucky is a 2017 American slasher movie written and directed by Don Mancini. The seventh installment of the "Child's Play" franchise. It stars Brad Dourif as Chucky, with a supporting cast of Fiona Dourif, Alex Vincent, and Jennifer Tilly.

paragraphs: It was released with rated and unrated versions distributed by Universal Pictures Home Entertainment via Blu-ray, DVD and VOD on October 3, 2017. As of October 2017, the movie has grossed $2 million from DVD and Blu-ray sales.


title: Freddie Hart

paragraphs: Frederick Segrest (December 21, 1926 – October 27, 2018), known professionally as Freddie Hart, was an American country musician and singer-songwriter. He was best known for his chart-topping country song and lone pop hit "Easy Loving," which won the Country Music Association Song of the Year award in 1971 and 1972.

paragraphs: Hart died on October 27, 2018 in Burbank, California from pneumonia at the age of 91.


title: Loachapoka, Alabama

paragraphs: Loachapoka is a town in Lee County, Alabama, United States. It is located less than 1/2 mile west of the City of Auburn. The population was 180 as of the 2010 census.

paragraphs: The name "Loachapoka" means "turtle killing place" in Muskogee, with "locha" meaning "turtle" and "poga" meaning "killing place."


title: Thank you

paragraphs: Thank you is a common phrase used to show you are thankful of someone. It is a very old phrase, coming from as early as the 1400s. "Thank you" is often replied with "you're welcome".

paragraphs: People often say "please" to request something to you. If they are satisfied, they will say "thank you" back to you.

paragraphs: The phrase "thank you" derives from the word "think".


title: Madan Lal Khurana

paragraphs: Madan Lal Khurana (15 October 1936 – 27 October 2018) was an Indian politician. He was Chief Minister of Delhi from 1993 to 1996. He also was Governor of Rajasthan in 2004. He was the Union Minister of Parliamentary affairs and Tourism in the Atal Bihari Vajpayee government. He was a member of Rashtriya Swayansevak Sangh and Bharatiya Janata Party.

paragraphs: Khurana died from a cerebral hemorrhage in New Delhi on 27 October 2018 at the age of 82.


title: Ntozake Shange

paragraphs: Ntozake Shange ( ; October 18, 1948 – October 27, 2018) was an American playwright and poet. She wrote about race and Black power in much of her work.

paragraphs: Shange is best known for the Obie Award-winning play "for colored girls who have considered suicide / when the rainbow is enuf". Her other works were "Sassafrass, Cypress & Indigo" (1982), "Liliane" (1994), and "Betsey Brown" (1985).

paragraphs: Shange died in her sleep October 27, 2018, aged 70, in an assisted living facility in Bowie, Maryland from stroke-related complications.


title: Bowie, Maryland

paragraphs: Bowie is a city in Prince George's County, Maryland. The population was 54,727 at the 2010 U.S. Census. It is the largest city in Prince George's County, and the fifth most populous city and third largest city by area in the U.S. state of Maryland.

paragraphs: In 2014, CNN ranked Bowie 28th in its Best Places to Live in America list.


title: Luis Miguel Enciso Recio

paragraphs: Luis Miguel Enciso Recio (8 April 1930 – 28 October 2018) was a Spanish historian and politician. He was born in Valladolid, Spain. He was a member of the Senate from 1977 to 1982, as a representative of the Union of the Democratic Centre. In 1999, Enciso was appointed to the Real Academia de la Historia.

paragraphs: Enciso Recio died in Madrid on 28 October 2018 from complications of a fall at the age of 88.


title: Richard Gill (conductor)

paragraphs: Richard James Gill (4 November 1941 – 28 October 2018) was an Australian conductor of choral, orchestral and operatic works. He was known as a music educator and for his activism for music education of children. He was born in Sydney. He was awarded Order of Australia Medal in 1994.

paragraphs: In 1969, he was the founding conductor of the Strathfield Symphony Orchestra in Sydney. He continued as conductor in 1973–74 and returned in 1979 to conduct the orchestra's 10th anniversary concert.

paragraphs: In 2014, he was made musical director of the Sydney Chamber Choir. He composed the music for Brisbane Girls Grammar School school song, "Nil sine labore".

paragraphs: Gill died in Sydney on 28 October 2018 from colorectal and peritoneal cancer at the age of 76.


title: Konstantīns Konstantinovs

paragraphs: Konstantīns Konstantinovs (, June 6, 1978 – October 28, 2018) was a Latvian-Russian powerlifter. His raw deadlift of , set in 2009, was formerly the raw deadlift world record. It is still the world record for the biggest raw deadlift without a belt in an official competition. He was born in Liepāja, Latvian SSR, Soviet Union.

paragraphs: Konstantinovs won the 2002 WPC Junior World Powerlifting Championships and the 2003 GPC World Powerlifting Championships both in the weight class.

paragraphs: Konstantinovs died on October 28, 2018 at the age of 40.


title: Colin Sylvia

paragraphs: Colin Sylvia (8 November 1985 – 28 October 2018) was an Australian rules footballer. He played for the Melbourne Football Club and Fremantle Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). Sylvia was born in Mildura, Victoria.

paragraphs: Sylvia was killed in a car crash near Mildura on 28 October 2018 at the age of 32.


title: Jodhpur

paragraphs: Jodhpur is the second largest city of Rajasthan, India.


title: Hari (director)

paragraphs: Hari (born 26 December 1968) is an Indian movie director, best known for his action-masala films in Tamil cinema. He made his directional debut in the movie "Thamizh" (2002). After this breakthrough, he gave many commercial success movies such as "Saamy" (2003), "Kovil" (2004), "Ayya" (2005), "Thaamirabharani" (2007), "Vel" (2007) and "Singam" (2010) movie series. He has directed 15 movies.

paragraphs: Hari was born in the Thoothukudi District of Tamil Nadu, India. His father, Gopal, is a vessels merchant. Later, his family moved to Chennai, where Hari graduated with a degree in Commerce.

paragraphs: Hari first joined as an assistant, gaining experience by working with various directors; K. Natraj in " Valli", Nassar in "Avatharam" and Alex Pandian. Later, he assisted K. Balachander in his film "Kalki" and worked as an associate director with Saran in the films "Amarkalam", "Parthen Rasithen" and "Alli Arjuna".

paragraphs: His first film, in 2002, was "Thamizh", with Prashanth and Simran. Film critic Balaji commented that it was "one of the few movies in recent times where a lot of importance seems to have been attached to the script. In spite of the flimsy story and routine screenplay where a youth grows to be a "dada", the dialogs elevate the quality of the movie and make it very enjoyable". His second film "Saamy", under the Kavithaalaya banner, starred Vikram. It was named the year's biggest hit, grossing 160 million. Its success led to remakes; in Telugu ("Lakshmi Narasimha"), Kannada ("Ayya") and Hindi languages ("Policegiri"). His next two films "Kovil", with Silambarasan and "Arul" also starred Vikram. In 2005, he made "Ayya", starring Sarathkumar, which introduced Nayantara to Tamil cinema. His next film was "Aaru", with Suriya in 2005. In 2007, he directed two films, "Thaamirabharani" with Vishal and "Vel", with Suriya. In 2008, he directed "Seval", with Bharath. Ayyappa Prasad from Nowrunning.com stated that Hari "panders to the taste of his rural audience all the way, but the movie is bound to disappoint city-dwellers, since neither the story nor its treatment appeal to anyone with high IQ .

paragraphs: In 2010 Hari directed his tenth film "Singam", with Suriya, marking their third collaboration. although reviewers identified it as a standard masala entertainer.


title: Robert Bushby

paragraphs: Robert "Bob" Bushby (February 24, 1927 – October 14, 2018) was an American aircraft mechanic and aviator. He was born in Joliet, Illinois. He designed the Bushby Mustang II, later called the Mustang Aeronautics Mustang II. He started to learn to fly while in high school in Minooka, Illinois.

paragraphs: From 1955 until 1970, Bushby worked for the Sinclair Oil Co. in their engine research laboratory. Bushby was one of the original founders of the Experimental Aircraft Association in 1953.

paragraphs: Bushby died on October 14, 2018 in Joliet at age 91.


title: Minooka, Illinois

paragraphs: Minooka, a suburb of Chicago, is a village in Grundy, Kendall, and Will counties, Illinois, United States. The population was 10,924 at the 2010 census.


title: Zimmer's conjecture

paragraphs: Zimmer's conjecture is a statement in mathematics "which has to do with the circumstances under which geometric spaces exhibit certain kinds of symmetries." It was named after the mathematician Robert Jeffrey Zimmer. The conjecture states that there can exist symmetries (specifically higher-rank lattices) in a higher dimension that cannot exist in lower dimensions.

paragraphs: In 2017, the conjecture was proven by Aaron Brown and Sebastian Hurtado-Salazar of the University of Chicago and David Fisher of Indiana University.


title: Lion Air Flight 610

paragraphs: Lion Airlines Flight 610 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight operated by Lion Air from Soekarno–Hatta International Airport in Jakarta to Depati Amir Airport in Pangkal Pinang. It crashed shortly after takeoff on 29 October 2018. Wreckage from the aircraft was found offshore from the island of Java.

paragraphs: According to "The Straits Times", 181 passengers, including 178 adults and three children, were on board the aircraft, as well as six cabin crew and two pilots.


title: Lincolnton, North Carolina

paragraphs: Lincolnton is a small city in Lincoln County, North Carolina, United States, within the Charlotte metropolitan area. The population was 10,683 at the 2010 census. Lincolnton is northwest of Charlotte. The city is the county seat of Lincoln County.


title: West Frisian Wikipedia

paragraphs: The West Frisian Wikipedia () is the West Frisian-language edition of the free online encyclopedia, Wikipedia.


title: File folder

paragraphs: A file folder, also called a folder, is a type of folder that can hold pieces of paper together. Folders are used both to organize pieces of paper neatly and to protect pieces of paper from falling off. Folders are usually made of a thick piece of folded paper, but there are folders that are made of plastic.

paragraphs: The popularity of the folder has lead to modern computers to use a type of data storage called a folder.


title: A Nightmare on Elm Street (franchise)

paragraphs: A Nightmare on Elm Street is an American horror franchise that is made up of nine slasher movies, a television series, novels, and comic books.

paragraphs: The franchise began with the movie "A Nightmare on Elm Street" (1984) created by Wes Craven. The series revolves around the fictional character Freddy Krueger, a former child killer who after being burned alive by the vengeful parents of his victims, returns from the grave to terrorize and kill the teenage residents of Springwood, Ohio in their dreams.

paragraphs: The original movie was written and directed by Craven, who returned to co-script the second sequel, "" (1987), and to write and direct "New Nightmare" (1994). The movies together made over $457 million at the box-office worldwide.

paragraphs: The movie were distributed by New Line Cinema. A remake of the 1984 movie was released in 2010, and a second remake is currently being planned.

paragraphs: Freddy Krueger was played by Robert Englund from 1984 to 2003. The character was soon played by Jackie Earle Haley in the 2010 remake. Another well-known character from the franchise is Nancy Thompson, who was the first character to fight against Freddy and live. She is played by Heather Langenkamp in the 1980s and by Rooney Mara in the 2010 remake.


paragraphs: A Nightmare on Elm Street 2: Freddy's Revenge is a 1985 American slasher movie directed by Jack Sholder.

paragraphs: It is the second installment in the "A Nightmare on Elm Street" movie series. The screenplay was written by David Chaskin.

paragraphs: It stars Mark Patton, Kim Myers, Robert Rusler and Robert Englund as Freddy Krueger.

paragraphs: The movie is about Jesse Walsh, a teenager who, after moving into the home of Nancy Thompson, begins to have recurring nightmares of Freddy Krueger who is out to possess him in order to kill in the real world.

paragraphs: It is the sequel to "A Nightmare on Elm Street" (1984) and is followed by "" (1987). The movie made $30 million at the North American box office.


paragraphs: A Nightmare on Elm Street 3: Dream Warriors is a 1987 American slasher movie directed by Chuck Russell. It is the third installment in the "Nightmare on Elm Street" series.

paragraphs: The movie was written by original creator Wes Craven and stars Heather Langenkamp, Patricia Arquette, Larry Fishburne, Priscilla Pointer, Craig Wasson, and Robert Englund.

paragraphs: The plot focuses on Freddy Krueger seeking to murder the last children of the parents that burned him to death. The kids are imprisoned at a mental hospital. The movie was followed by another sequel, "", a year later.


paragraphs: A Nightmare on Elm Street 4: The Dream Master is a 1988 American slasher movie and the fourth movie in the "Nightmare on Elm Street" series.

paragraphs: The movie was directed by Renny Harlin and stars Robert Englund, Lisa Wilcox and Danny Hassel.

paragraphs: The movie is about the events after Nancy Thompson's death, Freddy Krueger begins to reappear in the dreams of Kristen Parker, Joey Crusel, and Roland Kincaid and uses Kristen's best friend, Alice Johnson, to gain access to new victims.

paragraphs: The movie is a sequel to "" (1987) and is followed by "" (1989).

paragraphs: The movie was released on August 19, 1988, to generally mixed reviews, grossing over $49.3 million in the U.S., making it the highest-grossing movie in the franchise until the release of "Freddy vs. Jason".


paragraphs: A Nightmare on Elm Street 5: The Dream Child is a 1989 American slasher movie and the fifth movie in the "Nightmare on Elm Street" series. It was directed by Stephen Hopkins. It stars Robert Englund, Lisa Wilcox and Danny Hassel. It is the sequel to "" and is followed by "".


title: Freddy's Dead: The Final Nightmare

paragraphs: Freddy's Dead: The Final Nightmare is a 1991 American comedy horror slasher movie and the sixth movie in the "Nightmare on Elm Street" series. It is the sequel to "" and is followed by "Wes Craven's New Nightmare".

paragraphs: This was New Line Cinema's first movie released in 3-D. Upon its release, the movie received a poor critical reception.

paragraphs: Robert Englund reprises his role as Freddy Krueger; Lisa Zane, Yaphet Kotto, Breckin Meyer, Shon Greenblatt, Ricky Dean Logan, Lezlie Deane and Tobe Sexton also star.

paragraphs: The movie made $34.9 million in the box office. It was released on September 13, 1991.


title: Wes Craven's New Nightmare

paragraphs: Wes Craven's New Nightmare is a 1994 American slasher movie written and directed by Wes Craven, the original creator of "A Nightmare on Elm Street". Although it is the seventh movie in the franchise, it is not part of the series continuity.

paragraphs: The movie is about Freddy Krueger as a fictional movie villain who invades the real world, and haunts the cast and crew responsible for his movies. In this movie, Freddy is depicted as closer to what Craven originally intended, being much more menacing and much less comical, with an updated attire and appearance.

paragraphs: The movie was released on October 14, 1994 and made $19.7 million in the box office.


title: A Nightmare on Elm Street (2010 movie)

paragraphs: A Nightmare on Elm Street is a 2010 American slasher movie directed by Samuel Bayer, and written by Wesley Strick and Eric Heisserer. The movie stars Jackie Earle Haley as Freddy Krueger, Kyle Gallner, Rooney Mara, Katie Cassidy, Thomas Dekker, and Kellan Lutz.

paragraphs: It is a remake of Wes Craven's 1984 movie of the same name. It is produced by Michael Bay and Platinum Dunes. It was supposed to be a reboot of the "Nightmare on Elm Street" franchise.

paragraphs: The movie was released to negative reviews on April 30, 2010 and made $115.6 million in the box office.

paragraphs: Wes Cravan did not like the remake because the movie team refused to work with him, while Robert Englund supported the movie and Haley's performance as Krueger.


title: Nancy Thompson (A Nightmare on Elm Street)

paragraphs: Nancy Thompson (named Nancy Holbrook in the 2010 reboot) is a fictional character in the "A Nightmare on Elm Street" franchise.

paragraphs: She was played by actress Heather Langenkamp in the original movie series and by Rooney Mara in the 2010 remake.

paragraphs: Nancy is the first person to battle Freddy Krueger and survive. In "" (1987), Nancy helps the last of the Elm Street children with their battle against Freddy. In "Wes Craven's New Nightmare" (1994), Heather Langenkamp must become Nancy once again to put an end to an entity possessing Freddy in the "real world".

paragraphs: The character received strong positive reviews and is often called a cultural icon of the 1980s America.


title: Saw (franchise)

paragraphs: Saw is an American horror franchise distributed by Lionsgate. It is produced by Twisted Pictures and created by James Wan and Leigh Whannell. It is made up of eight movies. In 2003, Wan and Whannell made a short movie to help pitch as a potential feature movie.

paragraphs: The sequels were directed by Darren Lynn Bousman, David Hackl, and Kevin Greutert, and were written by Wan, Whannell, Bousman, Patrick Melton, and Marcus Dunstan. The movies are released every October the Friday before Halloween.

paragraphs: "Saw 3D", is the final installment of the series. Lionsgate reportedly wanted to continue the franchise in 2012 with a reboot. An eighth movie, "Jigsaw", was released in October 2017.

paragraphs: The franchise is about John Kramer (played by Tobin Bell), also called the "Jigsaw Killer" or simply "Jigsaw". He traps his victims before killing them through traps.

paragraphs: The franchise has made over from box office and retail sales by 2009.

paragraphs: Other characters in the franchise are Billy the Puppet, David Tapp (played by Danny Glover) and Amanda Young (played by Shawnee Smith).


title: Saw III

paragraphs: Saw III is a 2006 American horror movie directed by Darren Lynn Bousman. The screenplay was written by Leigh Whannell and James Wan and Leigh Whannell. It is the third installment in the "Saw" franchise. It stars Tobin Bell, Shawnee Smith, Angus Macfadyen, Bahar Soomekh, and Dina Meyer.

paragraphs: "Saw III" was released on , and was a financial success, opening to $33.6 million and grossing $80.2 million in the United States and Canada. It is the highest-grossing movie of the series.


title: Saw IV

paragraphs: Saw IV is a 2007 American horror movie and the fourth installment in the "Saw" franchise. It was directed by Darren Lynn Bousman and written by Marcus Dunstan, Patrick Melton, and Thomas Fenton.

paragraphs: It stars Tobin Bell, Scott Patterson, Costas Mandylor, Betsy Russell, and Lyriq Bent.

paragraphs: The movie was released in North America on October 26, 2007, to negative reviews from critics. Despite this, the movie was a box office success, grossing $139 million worldwide.


title: Shawnee Smith

paragraphs: Shawnee Rebecca Smith (born July 3, 1969) is an American actress and singer. Smith is best known for her role as Amanda Young in the "Saw" movies and as Linda in the CBS sitcom "Becker".


title: Orangeburg, South Carolina

paragraphs: Orangeburg, also known as "The Garden City", is a city in and the county seat of Orangeburg County, South Carolina, United States. The population of the city was 13,964 according to the 2010 United States Census. The city is located 37 miles southeast of Columbia.


title: Amanda Young

paragraphs: Amanda Young is a fictional character in the "Saw" franchise. She is played by Shawnee Smith. At first a minor character in the original movie, her role expanded in the sequels until she became one of the most important characters in the series. She is a close apprentice to main villain Jigsaw.


title: David Tapp

paragraphs: Detective David Tapp is a fictional character from the "Saw" franchise. He was introduced in "Saw" (2004) as a detective investigating a series of crime scenes linked to the same murderer.

paragraphs: He also appears as a playable character in "Saw: The Video Game" (2009) and "Dead by Daylight" (2018). He was played by actor Danny Glover in the movies and voiced by Earl Alexander in the 2009 game.


title: Saw V

paragraphs: Saw V is a 2008 American horror movie directed by David Hackl and written by Patrick Melton and Marcus Dunstan. It stars Tobin Bell, Costas Mandylor, Scott Patterson, Betsy Russell, Mark Rolston, Julie Benz, Carlo Rota, and Meagan Good.

paragraphs: It is the fifth installment in the "Saw" franchise, and was released in North America on October 24, 2008.


title: Saw VI

paragraphs: Saw VI is a 2009 American horror movie directed by Kevin Greutert from a screenplay written by Patrick Melton and Marcus Dunstan. It is the sixth installment in the "Saw" franchise. It stars Tobin Bell, Costas Mandylor, Betsy Russell, Mark Rolston, Peter Outerbridge, and Shawnee Smith.

paragraphs: It was produced by Mark Burg and Oren Koules of Twisted Pictures and distributed by Lionsgate. It was released on October 23, 2009.


title: Jigsaw (2017 movie)

paragraphs: Jigsaw is a 2017 American horror movie directed by Michael and Peter Spierig and written by Josh Stolberg and Peter Goldfinger.

paragraphs: It stars Matt Passmore, Callum Keith Rennie, Clé Bennett, Hannah Emily Anderson, and Laura Vandervoort with Tobin Bell. It is the eighth installment in the "Saw" franchise. It takes place ten years after the death of the Jigsaw killer.

paragraphs: The movie was released in the United States on October 27, 2017. Despite negative reviews from critics, the movie was a commercial success, grossing $103 million worldwide against a $10 million budget.


title: Scream (franchise)

paragraphs: Scream is an American horror franchise created by Kevin Williamson and Wes Craven. It stars Neve Campbell, Courteney Cox, and David Arquette.

paragraphs: The movie series grossed over $604 million in worldwide box-office receipts. It is made up of four movies. The first series entry, "Scream", was released on December 20, 1996 and is currently the highest-grossing slasher film in the United States.

paragraphs: The series is about Sidney Prescott, and her war against a succession of murderers who adopt the guise of Ghostface to stalk and torment their victims.

paragraphs: A television spin-off of the movie series was launched by MTV on June 30, 2015. The TV series follows different characters and new storylines which are not connected to the movie series.


title: Sidney Prescott

paragraphs: Sidney Prescott is a fictional character and the primary protagonist of the "Scream" franchise. The character was created by Kevin Williamson. She is played by Canadian actress Neve Campbell. She first appeared in "Scream" (1996) followed by three sequels: "Scream 2" (1997), "Scream 3" (2000) and "Scream 4" (2011).

paragraphs: The character appears in the "Scream" movies as the target of a series of killers who adopt the Ghostface persona.


title: Lodi Gyari Rinpoche

paragraphs: Lodi Gyaltsen Gyari (25 August 1949 – 29 October 2018) was a Tibetan diplomat. He was the special envoy to the 14th Dalai Lama in the United States. He was the Tibetan Ambassador to the United States at the time of his death. He was born in Lhasa, Tibet. Rinpoche co-founded the Tibetan Youth Congress. He became and the Executive Chairman of the Board of the International Campaign for Tibet (ICT).

paragraphs: Rinpoche died in a San Francisco, California hospital from liver cancer on October 29, 2018, aged 69.


title: Derrick Sherwin

paragraphs: Derrick Sherwin (16 April 1936 – 17 October 2018) was an English television producer, writer, story editor and actor. He was born in High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire. He became the story editor on "Doctor Who" and, as the producer of the series in 1969. He also co-produced "Paul Temple" for the BBC.

paragraphs: Sherwin was also a movie actor with his only movie role was as "No. 1" in the 1968 comedy movie "The Vengeance of She".

paragraphs: Sherwin died on 17 October 2018 from a long-illness at the age of 82.


title: The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (franchise)

paragraphs: The Texas Chainsaw Massacre is an American horror franchise. It is made up of eight horror movies, comics, and a video game adaptation of the original movie.

paragraphs: The franchise focuses on serial killer Leatherface and his psychotic family, who terrorize unsuspecting visitors to their territories in the desolate Texas countryside. They kill and eat them. The original movie was released in 1974, directed by Tobe Hooper.

paragraphs: The movie series has grossed over $235 million at the worldwide box office.


title: The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2

paragraphs: The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2 (marketed as The Texas Chainsaw Massacre Part 2) is a 1986 American horror comedy movie directed by Tobe Hooper. It is a sequel to "The Texas Chain Saw Massacre". It was written by L. M. Kit Carson and produced by Carson, Yoram Globus, Menahem Golan and Hooper.

paragraphs: It stars Dennis Hopper, Caroline Williams, Bill Johnson, Bill Moseley and Jim Siedow. It is the only movie where Leatherface dies.


paragraphs: Leatherface: The Texas Chainsaw Massacre III is a 1990 American horror movie directed by Jeff Burr. The movie is the sequel to the 1974 movie "The Texas Chain Saw Massacre" and the 1986 movie "The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2".

paragraphs: The movie stars Kate Hodge, William Butler, Ken Foree, Tom Hudson, Viggo Mortensen, Joe Unger, and R.A. Mihailoff.

paragraphs: The movie was distributed by New Line Cinema, who bought the rights to the series from The Cannon Group. It was released on January 12, 1990. It was refused classification in the UK upon its initial release. It has since been released on home video in both unrated and rated versions, and a cut version was accepted with an 18 certificated in the UK.

paragraphs: The movie was both a critical and commercial failure, grossing less than $6 million in the US box office. It made $5.7 million in the box office.


paragraphs: Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation (originally The Return of the Texas Chainsaw Massacre) is a 1994 American horror movie written and directed by Kim Henkel. It stars Renée Zellweger, Matthew McConaughey, and Robert Jacks as Leatherface.

paragraphs: The plot follows four teenagers who encounter Leatherface and his murderous family in backwoods Texas on the night of their prom.

paragraphs: It is the fourth installment in the "Texas Chainsaw Massacre" series, and also features uncredited cameo appearances from Marilyn Burns, Paul A. Partain, and John Dugan, all stars of the original movie.

paragraphs: The movie was a commercial failure making only $185,898.


title: The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (2003 movie)

paragraphs: The Texas Chainsaw Massacre is a 2003 American slasher movie directed by Marcus Nispel. It was written by Scott Kosar. It stars Jessica Biel, Jonathan Tucker, Erica Leerhsen, R. Lee Ermey, Mike Vogel, and Eric Balfour.

paragraphs: Its plot follows a group of young adults traveling through rural Texas who encounter Leatherface and his murderous family.

paragraphs: It is a remake of Tobe Hooper's 1974 movie of the same name, and the fifth installment in "The Texas Chainsaw Massacre" franchise. John Larroquette reprised his voice narration for the opening intertitles.

paragraphs: The movie was released in the United States on October 17, 2003, and grossed $107 million at the U.S. box office. It is considered one of the most commercially successful horror movie remakes of the 21st century.


paragraphs: The Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Beginning is a 2006 American horror movie and a prequel to the 2003 movie "The Texas Chainsaw Massacre". The sixth installment in "The Texas Chainsaw Massacre" franchise. It was directed by Jonathan Liebesman and co-produced by Kim Henkel and Tobe Hooper (co-creators of the original 1974 movie).

paragraphs: The movie was released in North America on October 6, 2006. It stars Jordana Brewster, Diora Baird, Taylor Handley, Matt Bomer and R. Lee Ermey.

paragraphs: The movie grossed $51.8 million on a budget of $16 million.