title: Norway at the Olympics

paragraphs: Norway at the Olympics is a history which began in 1900.

paragraphs: The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Norway is NOR.

paragraphs: A team from Norway took part in the Olympic Games for the first time in 1900. It has sent athletes to almost every Games since then. It did not take part in the 1904 Games. It was part of the American boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow.

paragraphs: Norwegian athletes have won a total of 144 medals at the Summer Olympic Games. It has won its highest amount of medals in the Summer Games in sailing and shooting sports. At the Winter Olympic Games, Norway has won 303 medals. 107 of these medals were gold. This is more than any other nation. cross-country skiing and speed skating are its the top sports. Norway is one of only three nations (along with Austria and Liechtenstein) to have won more medals at the Winter Games than at the Summer Games.

paragraphs: The National Olympic Committee for Norway was created 1900.

paragraphs: <nowiki>*</nowiki>Total medal counts include three medals – two silver and one bronze – awarded in the figure skating events at the 1920 Summer Olympics. These medals are included in the summer games medal totals and the winter sport medal totals. This is why the totals for summer and winter games do not match the totals for summer and winter sports.


title: Jorge Arvizu

paragraphs: Jorge Arvizu (23 July 1932 - 18 March 2014) was a Mexican actor who was the first Spanish voice, among others, of Bugs Bunny, Fred Flintstone and Cookie Monster. His nickname is "El Tata".


title: Poland at the Olympics

paragraphs: Poland at the Olympics is a history which includes 42 games in 22 countries and 2,000+ athletes. Since 1918, Poland has contributed to the growth of the "Olympic Movement".

paragraphs: The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Poland is POL.

paragraphs: The Polish National Olympic Committee was formed in 1918. It was recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1919.

paragraphs: Poland's team first competed at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Stockholm.

paragraphs: Poland has sent athletes to every Summer Olympic Games since then, except for the 1984 Games. They were a part of the Soviet led boycott of the 1984 Games. Poland has sent athletes to every Winter Olympic Games.


title: Athletics (sport)

paragraphs: Athletics is an exclusive collection of sporting events that include competitive running, jumping, throwing, and walking. The most common types of athletics competitions are track and field, road running, cross country running, and race walking.


title: Portugal at the Olympics

paragraphs: Portugal at the Olympics is a history which includes 30 games in 20 countries and 600+ athletes. Since 1912, the Portugal has contributed to the growth of the "Olympic Movement".

paragraphs: The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Portugal is POR.

paragraphs: The Portugal National Olympic Committee was formed in 1909. It was recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1909.

paragraphs: Portugal's team first competed at the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm.

paragraphs: Portugal has been a part of every Summer Games since 1912. Portugal's first Winter Games was in 1952 in Oslo, Norway. It was 36 years later when they sent another team to the 1988 Winter Olympics of Calgary, Canada. Since then, Portugal has only missed two Winter Games (1992 and 2002).


title: Mediacorp Channel 5

paragraphs: MediaCorp Channel 5 or Channel 5 (Chinese: 五频道, Before 1 January 2005: 第五波道) is a 24-hour free-to-air English television channel based in Singapore.

paragraphs: Programmes on Channel 5 normally include English language drama (both foreign imports and locally-made), movies, sports, reality show, variety show, news, current affairs and game show programmes. Local editions of overseas programmes like Singapore Idol, Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?, and Deal or No Deal have also been produced.


title: London Buses

paragraphs: London Buses is a company owned by Transport for London (TfL). It manages bus services in Greater London, UK. Buses need to be red and charge the same fares. All services are given by private sector workers.


title: Bariatrics

paragraphs: Bariatrics is the part of medicine that deals with obesity. Bariatrics includes using dieting, exercise, changing people's habits, drugs, and surgery to help people lose weight.

paragraphs: More and more people are becoming overweight or obese. People with a high body mass index (BMI) are much more likely to have certain health problems. These include heart disease, diabetes, many types of cancer, asthma, sleep apnea, and problems with muscles and bones. Obese people are also more likely to die.

paragraphs: Diet, exercise, changing people's habits, and drugs are tried first to help people lose weight. People who have weight loss surgery usually lose more weight than those who try the other ways. The surgery also helps reduce diseases like high blood pressure and diabetes. With each patient, doctors might use some or all of the methods, depending on what they think would work best for that patient.


title: Ismaili

paragraphs: Ismaiili Shia (or Ismailiya; ) are a Shia Muslim sect. They are different from the usual Shia Islam because they do not agree on who the 7th Imam, or religiousleader is. Unlike other Shia Muslims, they believe that Ismail ibn Jafar was the 7th Imam. Most Shia Muslims believe that Musa ibn Jafar was the 7th Imam. Ismail died when his father, Jafar ibn Muhammad the 6th Imam was still alive. They believed that Ismail's son Muhammad was the next Imam and deserted the sixth Imam.

paragraphs: They are split into several sects. The biggest of these are the Nizaris. They are led by the 49th Imam Aga Khan, another title of the Ismaili Imams. The current Aga Khan is Karim Al Hussaini.


title: Zaidiyyah

paragraphs: The Zaidiyyah () are a Shia Muslim sect. They are different from the usual Shia Islam. This is because of the argument over the who the 5th Imam, or religious leader, is. They believe the 5th Imam was Zaid ibn Ali while usual Shia Muslims believe that his brother, Muhammad, was the 5th Imam.

paragraphs: Today, they make up 40% of the population of Yemen. The president of Yemen is also Zaidi.


title: Jin dynasty

paragraphs: The Jin dynasty (1115–1234), also known as the Jurchen dynasty, and as the Great Jin. It was one of the last dynasties before Mongol invasion (and eventual conquest) of China.

paragraphs: The dynasty was founded by the Wanyan (完顏 Wányán) clan of the Jurchens. These were the ancestors of the Manchu, who established the Qing dynasty some 500 years later. The Jin Dynasty was founded in northern Manchuria, The founder was Wanyan Aguda (完顏阿骨打).

paragraphs: The name of this dynasty is sometimes written as "Jinn" to differentiate it from an earlier Jin dynasty (265-420) of China whose name is spelt identically in the Roman alphabet.


title: Jurchen people

paragraphs: The Jurchens were a Tungusic people who lived in Manchuria in present-day Northeast China. They were known as Jurchens until the 17th century when they became known as the "Manchu".

paragraphs: The Jurchens established the Jin Dynasty.

paragraphs: The Joseon Dynasty of Korea placed great value on a policy of "neighborly relations" ("gyorin" or "kyorin") with the Jurchen people.


title: Hans Motz

paragraphs: Hans Motz (1 October 1909 – 6 August 1987) was an Austrian physicist. He worked at Stanford University on undulators. His work led to the development of the free-electron laser.

paragraphs: He was born in Vienna, and died in Oxford, England.

paragraphs: Hans Motz was a Full Professor in the Department of Engineering at Oxford University and a Fellow of St Catherine's College, Oxford.

paragraphs: He wrote books, including "The Physics of Fusion", and a book on microwave theory. When he died, he left money to Oxford to establish a Motz Prize in Electrical Engineering to honor top students.


title: Boiler feedwater

paragraphs: Boiler feedwater is the water used to "feed" or supply a boiler to produce steam or hot water. At Thermal power stations the feedwater is usually preheated and conditioned. It is kept in a storage tank before being pumped to the boiler. The feedwater must be specially treated to avoid problems in the boiler. Untreated boiler feed water can cause corrosion and scaling. Most boiler systems use some form of water purification to treat feedwater.


title: Blackheath, London

paragraphs: Blackheath is a heathland area of South East London. Formerly in Kent, it is now shared between the London Boroughs of Lewisham and Greenwich.

paragraphs: Blackheath has one of the largest areas of common land in Greater London.

paragraphs: The name is recorded in 1166 as "Blachehedfeld" and means the "dark coloured heathland". It is formed from the Old English 'blæc' and 'hǣth' and refers to the open space that was the meeting place of the ancient hundred of Blackheath. The name was later applied to the Victorian suburb that developed in the 19th century and was extended to the areas known as Blackheath Park and Blackheath Vale.

paragraphs: The Roman road that later became known as Watling Street crosses the northern edge of Blackheath (almost in line with the A2).

paragraphs: Blackheath was a rallying point for Wat Tyler's Peasants' Revolt of 1381, and for Jack Cade's Kentish rebellion in 1450. Wat Tyler is remembered by Wat Tyler Road on the heath. After pitching camp on Blackheath, Cornish rebels were defeated in the Battle of Deptford Bridge (sometimes called the Battle of Blackheath), just to the west, on 17 June 1497.

paragraphs: With Watling Street carrying stagecoaches across the heath, en route to north Kent and the Channel ports, it was also a notorious haunt of highwaymen during the 17th and 18th centuries.

paragraphs: The sizeable estate of Blackheath Park was created on lands of Wricklemarsh Manor, and built over in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. It has fine examples of substantial Georgian and Victorian houses – most notably Michael Searles' crescent of semi-detached terrace houses linked by colonnades, The Paragon (c 1793-1807).

paragraphs: The Pagoda is a notable example of a beautiful property situated in Blackheath, built in 1760 by Sir William Chambers in the style of a traditional Chinese pagoda. It was later leased to the Prince Regent, who would become King George IV, and used as a summer home by his wife Caroline, Princess of Wales.

paragraphs: In 1608, according to tradition, Blackheath was the place where golf was introduced to England – the Royal Blackheath Golf Club. The club was one of the first golf associations established (1766) outside Scotland. Since 1923 it has been in nearby Eltham. Blackheath also gave its name to the first hockey club, established during the mid 19th century.

paragraphs: The Blackheath Rugby Club was founded in 1858, the oldest rugby club in England. The Blackheath club organised the world's first rugby international (between England and Scotland in Edinburgh on 27 March 1871), and hosted the first international between England and Wales ten years later. Blackheath Rugby Club was one of the 12 founding members of the Football Association in 1863.


title: Miaoli County

paragraphs: Miaoli County () is a county in Taiwan. The capital of the county is Miaoli City.


title: Combustor

paragraphs: A combustor is a part or area of a gas turbine, ramjet, or scramjet engine where combustion takes place. It is also known as a burner, combustion chamber or flame holder. In a gas turbine engine, the "combustor" or combustion chamber is fed high pressure air by the compression system. The combustor then heats this air at constant pressure. After heating, air passes from the combustor through the to the turbine. In the case of a ramjet or scramjet engines, the air is directly fed to a nozzle.


title: Ana Kasparian

paragraphs: Anahit Misak Kasparian (born July 7, 1986) is an American host, producer and political pundit. She began working as a fill-in producer for the Internet talk radio show "The Young Turks" in 2007. She is the main host and a producer of the online "The Young Turks". She also appeared on the television version of the show that aired on Current TV and later Al Jazeera America. She formerly hosted "The Point" on the TYT Network.

paragraphs: Kasparian was born in Los Angeles, California on July 7, 1986. Her parents were Armenian immigrants. She was raised in the Reseda neighborhood. She graduated from the Valley Alternative School, Van Nuys in 2004. She graduated from California State University, Northridge in 2007 with a Bachelor of Arts, Journalism (BAJ). She completed her Master of Political Science (MPS) in 2010. She is an agnostic.


title: Cenk Uygur

paragraphs: Cenk Kadir Uygur (born March 21, 1970) is a Turkish-American political activist, politician and commentator and Internet personality. He is the main host and co-founder of the Internet talk radio show "The Young Turks" ("TYT"). He also was the main host on the television version of the show that aired on Current TV and later Al Jazeera America.

paragraphs: Uygur was born in Istanbul, Turkey. He immigrated to East Brunswick, New Jersey when he was 8 years.

paragraphs: On November 14, 2019, Uygur announced his candidacy for the 2020 special election in California's 25th congressional district to replace Katie Hill.


title: Common land

paragraphs: Common land (a common) is land where local people have certain rights. For example, to allow their sheep to graze, to collect firewood, or to cut turf for fuel.

paragraphs: Originally in mediaeval England the common was part of the manor. Although it was part of the estate owned by the lord of the manor, tenants had certain rights.

paragraphs: By extension, the term "commons" has come to be applied to other resources which a community has rights or access to. Today the term "common" is mainly used for the land over which the rights are exercised. A person who has a right to common land is a commoner.

paragraphs: Today commons still exist in Great Britain and the United States, although their extent is much reduced from the millions of acres that existed in the 17th century.


title: Commoner

paragraphs: A commoner is someone who is ordinary, that is not royalty, nobility or clergy.


title: Stephen Merchant

paragraphs: Stephen James Merchant (born 24 November 1974) is a British writer, director, television presenter, comedian and actor. He is best known for his works with Ricky Gervais and Karl Pilkington. With Gervais, he created the popular BBC sitcoms "The Office" and "Extras". He has appeared in movies such as "Run, Fat Boy, Run", "Hot Fuzz" (both 2007), "Movie 43" (2013) and "Logan" (2017). He also voiced Wheatley in the video game "Portal 2" (2011).

paragraphs: Merchant was born in Hanham, Bristol, England. He is a graduate of the University of Warwick. He stands at 6 ft 7 in (201 cm).


title: Syed Ali Akhtar Rizvi

paragraphs: Syed Ali Akhtar Rizvi was a Shia Muslim scholar, speaker, author, historian and poet.

paragraphs: Rizvi was born at Gopalpur, district Siwan, Bihar, India in 1948. His father was Syed Mazhar Hussain Rizvi.

paragraphs: He had six sons and one daughter. His second eldest son Hujjat-ul-Islam wal Muslameen Maulana Syed Shahid Jamal Rizvi lives in Qom, Iran. His son-in-law's name is Syed Irfan Abbas Rizvi a famous poet writer and nauhakhawn.

paragraphs: Rizvi was awarded many popular titles, like Adeeb-E-Asr, Sha'oor, Mutarajjim Al-Ghadir, Allama etc. The title "Adeeb-E-Asr" was awarded by Grand Ayatollah Naser Makarem Shirazi in Iran. Rizvi’s poetic title was "Sha'oor Gopalpuri".

paragraphs: Rizvi died on 10 February, 2002 at Gopalpur district Siwan, Bihar, India.

paragraphs: Rizvi wrote many books, He also translated many books from Arabic to Urdu and Persian to Urdu. Some of his literary works are below.

paragraphs: Al-Ghadir Rizvi, on the request of Grand Ayatollah Naser Makarem Shirazi, translated the book Al-Ghadir. The first volume was published in 1991. In 2010, the complete set of volumes were published by the Qur'an o itrat foundation.

paragraphs: His articles were greatly influenced by Islamic literature. They are mainly about Qur'an, wilayat, the tragedy of Karbala, and usool-e-deen. Some of his articles are listed below.

paragraphs: Beside Islamic article, he had also written articles on Urdu Literature. This type of articles were related to different aspect of life and way of living it. The articles also describe the way of spreading Love, affection and generosity among mankind.

paragraphs: Rizvi wrote as many as Nauhe, Qaseede and Gazals. They are compiled into three different books:


title: Japan Airlines Flight 123

paragraphs: Japan Airlines Flight 123 was a scheduled domestic flight from Tokyo's Haneda Airport (also known as Tokyo International Airport) to Osaka International Airport (Also known as Osaka Itami Airport). On August 12, 1985, the Boeing 747-146SR developed mechanical problems 12 minutes after taking off. The plane then crashed into Mount Takamagahara in Gunma Prefecture 32 minutes later, after the pilots tried to control the plane, but failed. 520 people died, and only 4 survived. The crash was caused by incorrect repair after a tailstrike incident, which caused metal fatigue and eventually an in-flight structural failure, in which the whole tail of the plane separated from the plane.

paragraphs: The crash was the worst plane crash involving only one plane by number of fatalities.

paragraphs: The plane that crashed was a Boeing 747-146SR (SR stands for short range), with tail number JA8119. The plane was used to fly short, domestic routes within Japan. The plane first flew on January 28, 1974. It had 4 Pratt & Whitney JT9D-7A engines. Before it crashed, it had flown for 25030 hours, and took off and landed 18835 times.

paragraphs: On June 2, 1978, JA8119 was involved in a tailstrike accident at Osaka International Airport. When landing, the plane's tail struck the runway. The aft pressure bulkhead was damaged in the accident, as well as the rear of the plane. Later, during June 17 and July 11, repairman from Boeing repaired the plane, by replacing the lower part of the rear and a part of the bulkhead. The plane later returned to service.

paragraphs: While investigating the accident, the investigators realised that the repair done 7 years before the accident by Boeing was incorrect. While two rows of rivets were required for a splice plate in the bulkhead to be installed, the repairman only used one row. This increased the chance of metal fatigue by 70% and also caused the subsequent accident.

paragraphs: On that day, the plane was flown by three crew. The 49-year-old captain, Masami Takahama, was a very experienced pilot. He has flown for 12423 hours, with 4842 hours on 747s. The 39-year-old co-pilot, Yutaka Sasaki, was training to be a captain. On that flight, he was seated on the left-seat (which is usually for captains). He has flown 3963 hours, with 2665 hours on 747s. The last crew, 46-years-old flight engineer, Hiroshi Fukuda, has flown 9831 hours, with 3846 hours on 747s. There were also 12 cabin crew.

paragraphs: The countries which the passengers and crew came from are listed below.

paragraphs: On the afternoon of the accident day, JA8119 has already completed two round trip flights, JL503/504 to and from Sapporo, and JL363/366 to and from Fukuoka. At 5.17pm, the plane has just completed flight JL366, and was parked at Spot 18 at Tokyo International Airport, getting ready for its flight to Osaka, JL123.

paragraphs: At 6.04pm, the plane started taxiing towards the runway. Takeoff was at 6.12pm, and the plane climbed to its cruising height of 24000ft (about 7300 metres). Till then, everything was fine.

paragraphs: At 6.24pm, there was suddenly a loud noise heard, which was actually caused by the pressure bulkhead's failure. This caused an explosive decompression. Air rushed out of the plane and blew off the tail of the plane. As all four hydraulic lines, which control the plane, are located in the tail, the plane became uncontrollable. 46 seconds later the pilots squawked 7700 (meaning that they are in an emergency) and requested to return to Tokyo International Airport. However, although the air traffic controller approved the plane to turn towards Tokyo, the plane strangely started heading towards the north-west direction. At 6.28pm, the Tokyo Air Traffic Controller asked the pilots to turn left, but received the message from the pilots, "now uncontrollable." By then, the plane was moving in a way called the phugoid motion, climbing until losing speed and stalling, then the nose goes down and gaining speed until the plane is able to climb again. The phugoid motion repeated itself until the end of the flight.

paragraphs: At 6.31pm, the air traffic controller asked the plane if it can land at Nagoya Airport, which was 72 miles (about 133 km) from the plane. However, the pilots wanted to return to Tokyo. Between 6.35pm and 6.56pm, the pilots struggled to control the plane without the tail. This failed, as the plane flew uncontrollably towards the mountains.

paragraphs: At 6.56pm, the plane's right wing hit a ridge. The plane then flew on, crashed into a second ridge, and exploded. 520 died, while 4 survives.

paragraphs: The time taken for the plane to crash after the bulkhead failure is 32 minutes. The accident was the worst in aviation history involving explosive decompression.


title: Oncogene

paragraphs: An oncogene is a gene that has the potential to cause cancer. Or, equally good, an oncogene is a gene which brings about uncontrolled cell division.

paragraphs: Oncogenes in tumor cells are often mutated or expressed at high levels.

paragraphs: Most normal cells undergo a programmed form of death (apoptosis). Activated oncogenes can cause those cells designated for apoptosis to survive and proliferate instead. Most oncogenes require an additional step, such as mutations in another gene, or environmental factors, such as viral infection, to cause cancer. Since the 1970s, dozens of oncogenes have been identified in human cancer. Many cancer drugs target the proteins coded by oncogenes.

paragraphs: In 1976 J. Michael Bishop and Harold E. Varmus of the University of California, San Francisco showed that oncogenes were activated proto-oncogenes, found in many organisms including humans. For this discovery Bishop and Varmus were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1989.

paragraphs: The work of Bishop and Varmus corrected a long-standing error. The Nobel citation includes this explanation:

paragraphs: In fact, the reverse transcription of the virus RNA into DNA had the effect that the oncogenes become integrated into the chromosomal DNA in the cells. It was then found that oncogene-like material could be detected in different species throughout the animal kingdom, in fact even in simple organisms with only a few cells. Furthermore, it was shown that the gene had a fixed position in the chromosomes of a certain species, and that the gene, when it constituted part of the cellular genetic material, was divided into fragments.

paragraphs: A proto-oncogene is a normal gene that can become an oncogene due to mutations or increased expression. The resultant protein can be called an oncoprotein. Proto-oncogenes code for proteins that help to regulate cell growth and differentiation. Proto-oncogenes are often involved in signal transduction and execution of mitogenic signals, usually through their protein products. Upon "activation", a proto-oncogene (or its product) becomes a tumor-inducing agent, an oncogene.

paragraphs: The MYC gene is implicated in Burkitt's Lymphoma. This starts when a chromosomal translocation moves an enhancer sequence close to the MYC gene. The MYC gene codes for widely used transcription factors. When the enhancer sequence is wrongly placed, these transcription factors are produced at much higher rates. Another example of an oncogene is the Bcr-Abl gene found on the 'Philadelphia Chromosome'. This is a piece of genetic material seen in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia, caused by the translocation of pieces from chromosomes 9 and 22. Bcr-Abl codes for a receptor tyrosine kinase, which is active, causing uncontrolled cell proliferation.


title: Roger Neilson

paragraphs: Roger Paul Neilson, CM (June 16, 1934 – June 21, 2003) was a National Hockey League coach, and was responsible for many victories in the game. He is a member of the Hockey Hall of Fame in the builder category.

paragraphs: Neilson was born in Toronto, Ontario. After attending North Toronto Collegiate Institute, his coaching career began as a student at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, and continued upon graduation with a degree in Physical Education in both hockey and baseball.

paragraphs: Neilson died on June 21, 2003 from bone and skin cancer in Peterborough, Ontario, aged 69.


title: Are All Men Pedophiles?

paragraphs: Are All Men Pedophiles? is a 2012 documentary film about pedophilia and hebephilia. It was directed and written by Jan-Willem Breure.

paragraphs: "Are All Men Pedophiles?" was premiered (shown for the first time) at the Queens World Film Festival in New York City on March 2, 2012.


title: Anthony Daniels

paragraphs: Anthony Daniels (born 21 February 1946) is an English actor. He played the droid C-3PO in the "Star Wars" series of movies made between 1977, 2005 and 2015.

paragraphs: Daniels was born in Salisbury, Wiltshire, England on 21 February 1946.


title: Kenny Baker

paragraphs: Kenneth George "Kenny" Baker (24 August 1934 – 13 August 2016) was an English actor and musician. He played R2-D2 in the "Star Wars" movie series.

paragraphs: Baker was born on 24 August 1934 in Birmingham, West Midlands. He died on 13 August 2016.


title: Will Forte

paragraphs: Orville Willis "Will" Forte IV (born June 17, 1970), is an American actor, comedian, writer and producer. He is one of the cast members for "Saturday Night Live" (2002–2010).

paragraphs: He then starred on its spin-off movie "MacGruber". He is also known as Paul L'Astnamé in "30 Rock" and David Grant in "Nebraska".


title: Phil Lord and Chris Miller

paragraphs: Phil Lord and Chris Miller (Phil: born April 21, 1977 in Miami, Florida, Chris: born September 23, 1975 in Everett, Washington) are American movie and television writers, producers, directors, actors and former animators. They are known for directing "Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs", "21 Jump Street", "The Lego Movie", and "22 Jump Street".


title: South African Air Force

paragraphs: The South African Air Force (SAAF) is the air force of the South African National Defence Force.

paragraphs: The South African Air Force goes back to 1912, when the Union Defence Force (UDF) was created. The UDF had included the South African Aviation Corps (SAAC), which was part of the Active Citizen Force (ACF). On 1 February 1920, the South African Air Force was created. The SAAF fought in several battles during World War II, the Korean War, and the South African Border War.

paragraphs: The South African Air Force has about 226 aircraft and 11,245 active military personnel. The aircraft are mostly European-made. However some, such as the Denel Rooivalk and the Atlas Oryx were designed and built in South Africa. The Swedish Saab JAS 39 Gripen is the standard aircraft of the Air Force.


title: South African Military Health Service

paragraphs: The South African Military Health Service (SAMHS) is the branch of the South African National Defence Force responsible for medical facilities and the training and deployment of all medical personnel within the military. This is unusual, because most national militaries have their medical structures integrated into their existing service branches. The SAHMS plays a large part to control HIV/AIDS in the SANDF.

paragraphs: The SAHMS was called the South African Medical Service (SAMS) before 1998.


title: Navajo people

paragraphs: The Navajo people (Navajo: Diné or Naabeehó) are a tribe of Native Americans from the southwestern part of the United States. The Navajo tribe has about 300,000 members. The capital is in Window Rock, Arizona. It is the second largest tribe in the United States. The Navajo Nation is an independent government that runs a large Native American reservation in parts of Arizona, New Mexico and Utah. Many Navajo live there, but not all of them. Most Navajo speak English. Some speak the Navajo language. The Navajo have many things in common with the Apache tribe and the two groups may share a common ancestry.

paragraphs: The Navajo Nation works to maintain an economy for a population of 250,000 plus members. The discovery of oil on Navajo lands in the 1920s started the tribe towards building a systematic form of government. A tribal government was established in 1923 to deal with oil exploration. The Navajo Nation is currently the largest and most sophisticated form of Native American government. The Navajo Nation has become a wealthy nation in its own right.

paragraphs: The Navajo language is called Diné. It is a tonal language, meaning that a word may mean something different if said with a different pitch. About 150,000 people speak Diné. Diné is very difficult to learn because the speaker has to understand the relationships between different things.

paragraphs: Much of the Navajo culture, religion and other beliefs say everything in the world is connected and everything has a spirit.

paragraphs: The Navajo culture involves many different ceremonies. Some are short. The longest can take nine days. There are ceremonies to make sick people well and solve other problems. When a Navajo person becomes sick, he or she might go to a modern doctor or hospital, might pay a medicine man to sing a healing ceremony, or might do both.

paragraphs: Many Navajo people are more comfortable with not talking than most Americans and would rather just touch hands than do a full handshake. In a Navajo conversation, it is all right to take a long time to answer a question and it is important not to interrupt the other person. Some Navajo do not like to make eye contact.

paragraphs: Navajo culture has clans. Sons and daughters are in the same clan their mother is in. When meeting a new person, a Navajo will usually say their own clan and their father's clan. Navajo culture does not allow people to marry other people from the same clan. Navajo people usually think of anyone from the same clan as a brother, sister or cousin. Originally, there were four Navajo clans, but there are more now.

paragraphs: The number four is in many parts of Navajo culture: Four seasons, four clans at first, four directions, and four holy mountains.

paragraphs: Most Navajo wear modern American clothing most of the time but put on traditional clothes for special occasions. For women, traditional clothes are a "tl'aakal" skirt with a long-sleeve "deiji'éé"' shirt and shawl with moccasins. For men, traditional clothes are a white pants and silver or turquoise "dootl’izhii" jewelry with a headband and shirt, and moccasins. Both men and women tie their hair into a bun on the back of the head.

paragraphs: The Navajo Nation Fair is in Window Rock, Arizona every year in September. It is the largest Native American fair in the United States. It has a rodeo, a parade, Navajo music and dance contests and the Miss Navajo Nation beauty pageant.

paragraphs: In 1959, the Navajo Tribal Council started a newsletter. It grew into the "Navajo Times" newspaper. In the 21st century alone, the "Navajo Times" has won awards from the Arizona Press Club, Arizona Newspaper Association, and Native American Journalists Association. This included awards for writing, its website and photography.

paragraphs: The Navajo got sheep and goats after the Spanish brought them to North America. This might be why their culture changed from Apache culture. They became very good at raising sheep and goats and making cloth from sheep's wool. In Navajo culture, the official owner of the sheep was usually a woman and not a man. The Navajo also had horses and cows.

paragraphs: During the Great Depression, the United States government saw that Navajo and Hopi land was overgrazed and decided to "reduce" the number of sheep and goats. They did not ask the Navajo what they thought. They took sheep and goats away from the Navajo. Some of the animals were sold, but for less than half what they were worth. Some of the animals were killed and their meat processed and returned to the owners. Some of the animals were set on fire in front of their owners.

paragraphs: In his book about his own life, "Code Talker", Chester Nez wrote that the Great Livestock Massacre hurt the work ethic of the Navajo people because it meant no matter how hard you worked to build your family's herd, the government could take it away.

paragraphs: According to Navajo traditional beliefs, the Navajo came into the world, which they call "the glittering world," after passing through three other worlds. According to historians and anthropologists, the Navajo were not the first humans to live in the Four Corners area, but they were already there in 1492. The Spanish made contact with the Navajo in 1581.

paragraphs: Like many other Native American tribes, the Navajo suffered after white colonists came to the area. After the Spanish-American War in the 1840s, the United States took over the land where the Navajo lived. Many Navajo died during the Long Walk, or Hwéeldi Baa Hane', in 1864. The Long Walk was when the United States government made many Navajo leave their homes and go to Bosque Redondo Reservation. It was not a real reservation; it was a camp with soldiers to keep people from leaving. Although they were allowed to go back years later, many died during the journey and during their time away.

paragraphs: The Navajo Nation government, called the Navajo Tribal Council, was established in 1923. One of the reasons for this was that oil had been discovered on Navajo land. The first election was in 1938. In 1989, the government was changed to have three branches, judicial, legislative, and executive. It is now the largest Native American government in the world.

paragraphs: During the 20th century, many Navajo families lost much of their wealth in the Great Livestock Massacre.

paragraphs: Navajo code talkers were bilingual Navajo speakers who were recruited during World War II by the U.S. Marines. They served in their standard communications units in the Pacific Theater. The Navajo code was created by the first 29 Navajo recruits in May of 1942. About 400 Navajos were trained as code talkers. Their training was intense and all 17 pages of the code had to be memorized. From 1942 to 1945 Navajo Code Talkers took part in every Marine assault in the Pacific Theatre. Navajos served in all six Marine divisions plus parachute units and the Marine Raider battalions. The Navajo Code worked much faster than Morse Code, minutes instead of hours. They transmitted messages on the battlefield including orders, troop movements and logistics. While the Japanese were able to break codes used by the United States Army and the United States Army Air Corps, they were never able to break the Marine codes. Even a Navajo soldier captured during the Battle of Bataan could not figure out the code for the Japanese. Major Howard Connor, a 5th Marine Division signal officer at Iwo Jima stated: "Were it not for the Navajos, the Marines would never have taken Iwo Jima."

paragraphs: The United States Military used the Navajo code in the Korean War and in the beginning of the Vietnam War, so they kept the code a secret. During the late 1960s, the United States stopped using the code, and declassified it in 1968, meaning it was no longer a secret. The code talkers were then allowed to talk about what they had done.

paragraphs: On September 17, 1992, the Navajo code talkers of World War II were honored for their contributions at the Pentagon in Washington, DC. The long delay was due to the Navajo code being Classified information.


title: Division of St George

paragraphs: The Division of St George was a Australian Electoral Division for the Australian House of Representatives in the state of New South Wales.

paragraphs: The division was created in 1949. It was abolished in 1993. It was named for the suburb of St George. It was located in the suburbs of Hurstville, Rockdale and Arncliffe. The Division of Watson replaced it when it was abolished.


title: Balu Mahendra

paragraphs: Balanathan Benjamin "Balu" Mahendran (20 May 1939 – 13 February 2014) was a Indian filmmaker, screenwriter, editor and cinematographer. He was born and raised in Batticaloa, Sri Lanka. He began his career in 1971, and made his break in 1977. He produced over twenty films in Hindi, Telugu, Malayalam and Tamil.

paragraphs: Mahendra died from a heart attack on 13 February 2014 in Chennai, India. He was 74.


title: Robert H. Schuller

paragraphs: Robert Harold Schuller (September 16, 1926 – April 2, 2015) was an American televangelist, pastor, motivational speaker, and author. He is best known for the weekly "Hour of Power" television program which he began in 1970. He was also the founder of the Crystal Cathedral in Garden Grove, California, where the "Hour of Power" program used to broadcast.

paragraphs: Schuller was born on September 16, 1926 in Alton, Iowa. He was of Dutch ancestry, and belonged to the Reformed Church in America. He married Arvella de Haan in 1950. They had five children together. She died on February 11, 2014.

paragraphs: Schuller died from complications of esophageal cancer in Artesia, California, aged 88.


title: Payback (2013)

paragraphs: Payback was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by the WWE. It was held on June 16, 2013 at the Allstate Arena in Rosemont, Illinois. It was the first Payback event held by the WWE. It replaced the No Way Out pay-per-view.


title: Maxine Kumin

paragraphs: Maxine Kumin (June 6, 1925 – February 6, 2014) was an American poet and author. She became Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress in 1981–1982.

paragraphs: Kumin died on February 6, 2014 in Warner, New Hampshire. She was 88. Her death came after a year of bad health. She had a husband, Victor, and three children.


title: J. Michael Bishop

paragraphs: John Michael Bishop (born February 22, 1936) is an American immunologist and microbiologist. He shared the 1989 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Harold Varmus and was co-winner of 1984 Alfred P. Sloan Prize. He currently serves as an active faculty member at the University of California, San Francisco.

paragraphs: Bishop is best known for his Nobel-winning work on retroviral oncogenes. Working with Varmus in the 1980s, he discovered the first human oncogene, c-Src.

paragraphs: Their findings showed how malignant tumors are formed from changes to the normal genes of a cell. These changes can be produced by viruses, by radiation, or by exposure to some chemicals.


title: Harold Varmus

paragraphs: Harold Eliot Varmus (born December 18, 1939) is an American scientist. He won a Nobel Prize. He is the 14th and current Director of the National Cancer Institute. He was appointed to that post he was appointed to by President Barack Obama.

paragraphs: Varmus was a co-recipient, with J. Michael Bishop, of the 1989 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discovery of the origin of retroviral oncogenes. Varmus described the work in his Nobel lecture.

paragraphs: He also serves as one of three co-Chairs of the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology.


title: Ostrobothnia (region)

paragraphs: Ostrobothnia is a region in western Finland. As of November 2013, there were about 180,000 people living there. In 2010, about 51% of people living in Ostrobothnia spoke Swedish as their first language.

paragraphs: 15 municipalities, 6 of those are cities (marked bold).


title: Central Ostrobothnia

paragraphs: Central Ostrobothnia is a region in western Finland. As of November 2013, almost 70,000 people lived there. Neighbouring regions are Ostrobothnia, Northern Ostrobothnia, Central Finland and Southern Ostrobothnia.

paragraphs: Central Ostrobothnia has 8 municipalities, two of those are cities (marked bold).


title: Southwest Finland

paragraphs: Southwest Finland is a region in Finland. As of November 2013, there were about 471,000 people living there. Neighbouring regions are Kanta-Häme, Pirkanmaa, Satakunta, Uusimaa and the Åland Islands.

paragraphs: Southwest Finland has 28 municipalities, 11 of those are cities, listed below.


title: Southern Ostrobothnia

paragraphs: Southern Ostrobothnia is a region in western Finland. As of 2013, about 194,000 people lived there. The City of Seinäjoki is the center of the Southern Ostrobothnia.

paragraphs: Neighbouring regions are Ostrobothnia, Central Ostrobothnia, Central Finland, Pirkanmaa and Satakunta.

paragraphs: Southern Ostrobothnia has 18 municipalities, 8 of those are cities, listed below.


title: Prince Escalus

paragraphs: Prince Escalus is a character in William Shakespeare's play "Romeo and Juliet". He is the Prince of Verona. He holds authority over the Montague and Capulet families who are . He first punishes Capulet and Montague for the quarrel between Tybalt, Benvolio, and a handful of servants. In his next appearance he is too late to stop the fatal fight between Romeo and Tybalt. After Romeo kills Tybalt, Prince Escalus banishes him from Verona. Prince Escalus returns in the final scene after the suicides of Romeo and Juliet, and at last orders the lords of the feuding families to make peace. The two make peace. Then Montague promises to make a golden statue of Juliet. Capulet promises to place a golden statue of Romeo next to the statue of their daughter.


title: Margaret Battye

paragraphs: Margaret Battye (9 August 1909 – 16 November 1949) was an Australian lawyer. She became influential in politics, business, and the legal advancement of women. Battye was the first woman to represent a client and begin a legal practice in Western Australia.


title: Mirkka Rekola

paragraphs: Mirkka Elina Rekola (26 June 1931 – 5 February 2014) was a Finnish writer from Tampere. She published poems, aphorisms and essays. Her poetry was called "difficult". Many people read her work as late as in the 1990s. She was awarded many times.

paragraphs: Rekola died on 5 February 2014 in Helsinki. She was 82.


title: Bridge Creek, Oklahoma

paragraphs: Bridge Creek is a small town in Grady County in the US state of Oklahoma. As of the 2006 US census, about 340 people lived there.

paragraphs: Bridge Creek was made a town in 2000. It is part of an area of northern McClain and Grady Counties sometimes called the "Tri-City Area" with Newcastle, Tuttle and Blanchard.


title: Montgomery Gentry

paragraphs: Montgomery Gentry was an American country music band. It was started in 1998. The band is made up of vocalists Eddie Montgomery and Troy Gentry. Both are from Kentucky. The duo is known for its Southern rock influences. They have collaborated with Charlie Daniels, Toby Keith, Five for Fighting, and members of the Allman Brothers Band. In 1999, they were awarded Favorite New Artist—Country at the American Music Awards. Both the Academy of Country Music and Country Music Association named them Duo of the Year in 2000. They have been been nominated for this award by both associations in every year until 2016.

paragraphs: In 2009, they were inducted into the Grand Ole Opry.

paragraphs: Troy Gentry died in a helicopter crash on September 8, 2017, aged 50.


title: Coronon, Davao del Sur

paragraphs: Coronon, Davao del Sur is a barangay of Santa Cruz, Davao del Sur, Philippines. It is on the coast of Mindanao. Coronon's barangay captain is Proceso Gido II (Jun Gido). Coronon is next to the Mt. Apo Natrual Park Area.

paragraphs: Coronon contains the Coronon River I, Coronon River II and the Coronon River III.

paragraphs: Coronon has a favorable climate all year round. It has wet and dry seasons. It is inside the typhoon belt. Generally the months of November to April are dry periods. Wet season occurs from May to October. This type of climate is in the plain and coastal areas. Rainfall is more or less evenly distributed throughout the year. Most often in Coronon, heavy downpour occurs every afternoon while in the morning the sun shines.

paragraphs: Source: National Statistics Office (2014)

paragraphs: The languages spoken in Coronon are Tagalog, Cebuano, Mansakan and English.

paragraphs: "Agriculture"... Among agriculture crops, coconut leads in production followed by banana and sugarcane. Other major crops are corn, coffee and vegetables. The barangay also produces high value fruits like mango, lanzones and durian. Cattle leads in livestock production.

paragraphs: "Fisheries"... The 24-kilometer long coastline of Coronon which forms part of the Davao Gulf provides a rich fishing grounds and is suitable for aquaculture.

paragraphs: "Mineral"... Deposits of sulfur ore, rock phosphate, guano, limestone and cement raw materials were also traced but still have to be tapped for commercial and industrial uses.

paragraphs: "Forestry"... Tropical evergreen and other timber cover the vast timberland and forest area. Rattan, bamboo and other vines are also in abundance.

paragraphs: Banana, Coconut and Seaweed cultivation.


title: John Tower

paragraphs: John Goodwin Tower (September 29, 1925 – April 5, 1991) was an American politician. He was the first Republican United States senator from Texas since Reconstruction.

paragraphs: He served from 1961 until his retirement on January 3, 1985, after which time he was appointed as the chairman of the Reagan-appointed Tower Commission that investigated the Iran-Contra Affair. He was George Herbert Walker Bush's nominee for Secretary of Defense in 1989 but was rejected by the Senate, 53–47.

paragraphs: On April 5, 1991, Tower and his middle daughter, Marian, and the astronaut Sonny Carter were killed along with twenty other people in the crash of Atlantic Southeast Airlines Flight 2311.


title: Al Jaffee

paragraphs: Abraham Jaffee (born March 13, 1921), known as Al Jaffee, is an American cartoonist. He is known for his work in the satirical magazine "Mad", including his trademark feature, the Mad Fold-in. As of 2013, Jaffee remains a regular in the magazine after 58 years and is its longest-running contributor. Only one issue of "Mad" has been published since 1964 without containing new material by Jaffee.

paragraphs: Jaffee was born March 13, 1921 in Savannah, Georgia.


title: Ralph Waite

paragraphs: Ralph Waite (June 22, 1928 – February 13, 2014) was an American actor. He is best known for his role as John Walton, Sr., on the 1970s CBS TV series "The Waltons". He played the slave ship third mate Slater in the mini-series "Roots".

paragraphs: Waite died on February 13, 2014, aged 85, from natural causes


title: Georgy Martyniuk

paragraphs: Georgy Yakovlevich Martyniuk (Russian: Гео́ргий Я́ковлевич Мартыню́к; 3 March 1940 – 13 February 2014) was a Russian movie and theater actor.

paragraphs: He was born in Orenburg on 3 March 1930. Martyniuk graduated from the Russian Academy of Theatre Arts in 1962. In 2003, he received the People's Artist of Russia honor.

paragraphs: He was married to actress Valentina Martyniuk (Russian: Валентина Мартынюк). He died on 13 February 2014 in Moscow, after a long illness in Moscow, Russia.


title: Stasi

paragraphs: The Stasi was the official state security service of East Germany, the German Democratic Republic or GDR. The Stasi motto was ""Schild und Schwert der Partei"" (Shield and Sword of the Party). "The Party" was the ruling Socialist Unity Party of Germany. The main job of the Stasi was to prevent opposition to the Party.

paragraphs: It was one of the most effective and ruthless secret police agencies in the world. The Stasi headquarter was in East Berlin, with a group of buildings in Lichtenberg and several other buildings in Berlin.

paragraphs: One of its main tasks was spying on the people, through a vast network of citizens who were informants ("snitches"). Informants were paid, or given favours for this.

paragraphs: The Stasi also worked as an intelligence agency abroad, using espionage and covert operations in foreign countries. Under its long-time head Markus Wolf it got a reputation as one of the most effective intelligence agencies of the Cold War. After German reunification in 1990, many Stasi officials were prosecuted for their crimes. The files that the Stasi had kept on millions of East Germans were laid open. Now citizens can see their personal files on request; these files are kept by the Federal Commissioner for the Stasi Archives.


paragraphs: IIHM or International Institute of Hotel Management is a chain of hospitality and hotel management schools. It was founded in 1994 at Kolkata, India. IIHM has campus sites at Kolkata, Bangalore, Delhi, Pune, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Ahmedabad and in Bangkok, Thailand. The school offers a Bachelor's degree in International Hospitality Management. A large number of student study at these campuses. Students also may complete their degree at Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh or the University of West London, in London.


title: Langar

paragraphs: The langar (, ) is a common kitchen where food is served at a Sikh temple ("gurdwara"). One is attached to every temple, and the food is served to all the visitors for free. At the langar, only vegetarian food is served. It is usually bread (poori), yogurt and lentils. Samosas and spring rolls are served on special occasions. Kheer may be served as a dessert.

paragraphs: The langar is open to both Sikhs and people who are not Sikhs. After a person eats at the langar they are not supposed to eat meat for the rest of the day.


title: Siilinjärvi

paragraphs: Siilinjärvi is a municipality in Northern Savonia, Finland. It had almost 21,600 people living there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Kuopio, Lapinlahti and Maaninka.

paragraphs: Aappola, Hakkarala, Hamula, Heinämäki, Jälä, Jännevirta, Kaaraslahti, Kasurila, Kehvo, Koivumäki, Koivusaari, Kolmisoppi, Kumpunen, Kuuslahti, Lehdonkylä, Pajujärvi, Pöljä, Rissala, Räimä, Siimes and Väänälänranta.


title: Pope Telesphorus

paragraphs: Pope Telesphorus was the seventh Pope of the Catholic Church, the official title is Bishop of Rome from approximately 125-136 C.E.

paragraphs: This Pope was born in Calabria to Greek parents and there is a parish church dedicated to him today.

paragraphs: Earlier in his life he worked with the hermits of Mount Carmel in Palestine and is still remembered in the Carmelite Order of Monks. He is credited with the custom of the Midnight Mass, celebrated at Christmas and for the period of reflection during the season of Lent but this is disputed. He celebrated Easter on Sundays whereas many early Catholics were observing the Jewish custom and celebrating it on Passover.

paragraphs: His martydom under the Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius can be confirmed. He was made a Saint by the Catholic Church. His feast days are celebrated on January 5, February 3 and 22.


title: Maaninka

paragraphs: Maaninka is a former municipality in the middle of Northern Savonia, Finland. It had over 3,750 people living there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Iisalmi, Kuopio, Lapinlahti, Pielavesi, Siilinjärvi and Tervo.

paragraphs: Maaninka was established in 1872. It was merged with the city of Kuopio on 1 January 2015.


title: Pope Hyginus

paragraphs: Pope Hyginus was the eighth Pope of the Catholic Church (the official title is Bishop of Rome). He served around 138142 AD. Hyginus was a Greek born in Athens.

paragraphs: He served as Pope during the heretical teachings of the Gnostics. Heresy is a belief or opinion that does not agree with the official belief or opinion of a particular religion. The Gnostics taught that Yahweh, (the Old Testament name for God) and Jesus Christ were two different Gods. This was against the Catholic Church teachings. Hyginus declared these men, Valentinus and Cerdo, to be heretics.

paragraphs: Pope Hyginus died a martyr. He was made a Saint by the Catholic Church. His feast day is celebrated on January 11.


title: Savassi

paragraphs: Savassi is a neighborhood in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. It is in the central-south zone of the city. It has many bars, nightclubs, and restaurants. It has a busy and well developed shopping district and several shopping malls. Savassi is one of the most prestigious areas in Belo Horizonte. It used to be a region inside the traditional and wealthy Funcionários neighborhood. In 2006, it was changed by the Town House before the meeting of the Inter-American Development Bank, which happened the same year.


title: Pallastunturi

paragraphs: Pallastunturi is the southestern part of a 50 kilometre-long mountain chain in Lapland, Finland. It is a group of seven fells located in Muonio and Enontekiö municipalities.


title: Muonio

paragraphs: Muonio is a municipality in Lapland, Finland. As of January 2014, about 2,385 people lived there. Neighbouring municipalities are Enontekiö, Kittilä and Kolari. On the western side of it is Sweden. Distance to Tornio is about 260 km and to Kilpisjärvi, 200 km. There are a lot of lakes in the area of Muonio.


title: Keminmaa

paragraphs: Keminmaa is a municipality in Lapland, Finland. As of 2013, the municipality had a population of about 8,550. Neighbouring municipalities are Kemi, Simo Tervola and Tornio.


title: Tervola

paragraphs: Tervola is a municipality in Lapland, Finland. As of January 2014, the municipality had a population of about 3,320. Neighbouring municipalities are Keminmaa, Ranua, Rovaniemi, Simo, Tornio and Ylitornio.


title: Division of Phillip

paragraphs: The Division of Phillip was a Australian Electoral Division for the Australian House of Representatives in the state of New South Wales.

paragraphs: The division was created in 1949. It was abolished in 1993. It was named after Captain Arthur Phillip, the captain of the Firth Fleet and the first Governor of New South Wales. It was located in the suburbs of Bondi, Coogee, Kensington, and Randwick.


title: Chemical synapse

paragraphs: Chemical synapses are synapses that use chemical messengers called neurotransmitters to transmit signals. They are found all over the body. Especially in the central nervous system and the brain.

paragraphs: Neurons use electrical signals to carry information. These signals are called action potentials. There are an estimated 86 billion neurons in the average human brain. Neurons don't act alone. They need to connect to other neurons and pass messages between each other. The electrical signal cannot pass the gap between neurons alone. This is why neurotransmitters are needed to pass signals from one neuron to the next. In this sense they differ from electrical synapses which pass electric signals directly to the next neuron. Chemical synapses can be further classified depending upon function and structure.

paragraphs: The structure of a typical chemical synapse comes in three parts:


title: Division of Nepean

paragraphs: The Division of Nepean was a Australian Electoral Division for the Australian House of Representatives in the state of New South Wales.

paragraphs: The division was created in 1949. It was abolished in 1993. It was named after British politician Evan Nepean. It was located in the suburbs of Granville, Lithgow, Penrith.


title: Division of Martin

paragraphs: The Division of Martin was a Australian Electoral Division for the Australian House of Representatives in the state of New South Wales.

paragraphs: The division was created in 1922. It was abolished in 1955. It was named after Sir James Martin, former Premier of New South Wales. It was located in inner western Sydney. It was also located in Concord and Mortlake. By the time it was abolished, the division of Martin had spread to Abbotsford, Balmain and Drummoyne.


title: Division of Lawson

paragraphs: The Division of Lawson was a Australian Electoral Division for the Australian House of Representatives in the state of New South Wales.

paragraphs: The division was created in 1949. It was abolished in 1969. It was named after Henry Lawson, an Australian author. It was located in the north-west of New South Wales. It was also located in the towns of Coonabarabran, Dubbo and Mudgee.


title: Waterloo, Ontario

paragraphs: Waterloo, Ontario is a city in Southern Ontario, Canada. It is very close to the city of Kitchener, Ontario. Kitchener and Waterloo are often referred to together as "Kitchener-Waterloo", or "KW". They are sometimes called "the Tri-City" (to include the City of Cambridge). All three have separate city governments.

paragraphs: The University of Waterloo and Wilfred Laurier University are in Waterloo. The headquarters of mobile phone maker BlackBerry is there.

paragraphs: Waterloo has a population of 97,475 (as of 2006). University of Waterloo is marked the 4th best university in Canada. (Wilfred Laurier is 30th)


title: Ronnie Claire Edwards

paragraphs: Ronnie Claire Edwards (February 9, 1933 – June 14, 2016) was an American actress. She was best known for playing Corabeth Walton Godsey on the TV show "The Waltons".

paragraphs: Edwards was born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma on February 9, 1933.

paragraphs: She also appeared the in "" episode "Thine Own Self" and the 1999 remake of "Inherit The Wind".

paragraphs: Edwards died in her sleep on June 14, 2016 at her home in Dallas, Texas, aged 83.


title: Earl Hamner, Jr.

paragraphs: Earl Henry Hamner Jr. (July 10, 1923 – March 24, 2016) was an American television writer and producer (sometimes credited as Earl Hamner). He was best known for his work in the 1970s and 1980s on the long-running CBS series "The Waltons" and "Falcon Crest".

paragraphs: Hamner died of cancer on March 24, 2016 in Los Angeles, California, aged 92.


title: Ken Jones

paragraphs: Ken Jones (20 February 1930 – 13 February 2014) was an English actor.

paragraphs: Jones was born in Liverpool, England on 20 February 1930. He appeared in many movies and television programmes and played a lead character in the British sitcom "The Squirrels" (1974-77), but may be best-known for his role as 'Horrible' Ives in "Porridge".

paragraphs: Jones was married to actress Sheila Fay, also a native of Liverpool, from 30 October 1964 until her death on 31 August 2013. He died from bowel cancer on 14 February 2014, six days before his 84th birthday, in a nursing home in Prescot, Merseyside.


title: Mike Stepovich

paragraphs: Michael Anthony "Mike" Stepovich (March 12, 1919 – February 14, 2014) was an American lawyer and politician. Stepovich from 1957 to 1958, served as the last Governor of Alaska Territory.

paragraphs: Stepovich was born to Michael and Olga (Barta) Stepovich in Fairbanks, Alaska on March 12, 1919. He studied at the University of Portland, at Gonzaga University, and at Notre Dame Law School. Stepovich was married to Matilda Baricevic until his death in 2014.

paragraphs: Following his education and military service during World War II, Stepovich created a law practice in his home town of Fairbanks, Alaska and began his political career by winning three terms in the Alaska Territorial legislature.

paragraphs: During his term as governor, he was a leading advocate in the effort to gain statehood for Alaska. Following Alaska's admission to the union, he made an unsuccessful run for a U.S. Senate seat and two unsuccessful attempts to be elected Governor of Alaska.

paragraphs: He was hospitalized after suffering a head injury on February 8, 2014 as result of a fall while visiting his son in San Diego, California, aged 94.


title: Gillo Dorfles

paragraphs: Gillo Dorfles (12 April 1910 – 2 March 2018) was an Italian art critic, painter, and philosopher. Dorfles graduated in medicine, specializing in psychiatry. He was a professor in aesthetics at the University of Trieste, Milan and Cagliari. In 1948, he co-founded the Movimento per l'arte concreta (MAC) with artists Atanasio Soldati, Galliano Mazzon, Gianni Monnet, and Bruno Munari.

paragraphs: Dorfles was born on 12 April 1910 in Trieste. He died on 2 March 2018 at 107 years old in Milan.


title: Elizabeth Wilson

paragraphs: Elizabeth Welter Wilson (April 4, 1921 – May 9, 2015) was a Tony Award-winning American actress. She appeared in movies such as "Picnic" (1955), "The Goddess" (1958), "The Tunnel of Love" (1958), "A Child Is Waiting" (1963), "The Birds" (1963), "The Graduate" (1967), "Catch-22" (1970), "The Day of the Dolphin" (1973), "The Prisoner of Second Avenue" (1975), "9 to 5" (1980), "Grace Quigley" (1985), "Regarding Henry" (1991), "The Addams Family" (1991), "Quiz Show" (1994), and "Hyde Park on Hudson" (2012).

paragraphs: Wilson was born on April 4, 1921 in Grand Rapids, Michigan. She was of English and German ancestry. She was elected to the Theatre Hall of Fame in 2007. Wilson died at her home in New Haven, Connecticut, aged 94.


title: Suomussalmi

paragraphs: Suomussalmi is a municipality in Kainuu, Finland. It had almost 8,700 living there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Taivalkoski, Puolanka, Hyrynsalmi and the cities Kuusamo, Pudasjärvi and Kuhmo.


title: Sääksmäki

paragraphs: Sääksmäki is a former municipality of Finland. It was merged with Valkeakoski in 1973. Before that, the municipalities next to it were Kalvola, Lempäälä, Pälkäne, Toijala, Tyrväntö (afterwards Hattula), Valkeakoski and Viiala. Its population from 1970 was almost 4,500.


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title: Juupajoki

paragraphs: Juupajoki is a municipality in Pirkanmaa, Finland. It had almost 2,050 people living there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Jämsä, Mänttä-Vilppula, Orivesi and Ruovesi.


title: Keuruu

paragraphs: Keuruu is a town and municipality in Central Finland. It is 60 km to the west of Jyväskylä. There were more than 10,300 people living there in January 2014. More than 10% of the area is water. Keuruu is next to the municipalities of Jämsä, Multia, Mänttä-Vilppula, Petäjävesi, Virrat and Ähtäri.


title: Rene Ricard

paragraphs: Albert Napoleon "Rene" Ricard (July 23, 1946 – February 1, 2014) was an American poet, actor, art critic, and painter.

paragraphs: He was born on July 23, 1946 in Boston, Massachusetts. He was raised in Acushnet. At age eighteen, he became a protégé of Andy Warhol. He appeared in the Warhol movies "Kitchen" (1965), "Chelsea Girls" (1966), and "The Andy Warhol Story" (1966). In the 1980s, he wrote a series of influential essays for "Artforum" magazine. Ricard was openly gay. At the time of his death, he was living at the Hotel Chelsea in Manhattan, New York City with his partner, Rita Barros, a Portuguese artist and photographer.

paragraphs: He died from cancer on February 1, 2014 at the Bellevue Hospital Center in New York City. He was 67.


title: Seitseminen National Park

paragraphs: Seitseminen National Park is a national park in Pirkanmaa, Finland. It was established in 1982. It covers an area of about 45.5 square kilometres. The park is managed by Metsähallitus, which manages all state forests in Finland.


title: General Medical Council

paragraphs: The General Medical Council (GMC) is a fee-based registered charity with statutory obligation to maintain a register of medical practitioners within the United Kingdom. Registration with the GMC confers a number of privileges and duties.

paragraphs: There is a legal requirement for a register, the list of "registered medical practitioners" in Britain. That is the main job of the GMC. The GMC controls entry to the List of Registered Medical Practitioners ("the medical register"). "The main objective of the General Council in exercising their functions is to protect, promote and maintain the health and safety of the public".

paragraphs: Secondly, the GMC regulates and sets the standards for medical schools in the UK. It liaises with other nations' medical and university regulatory bodies over medical schools overseas, leading to some qualifications being mutually recognised. Since 2010, it also regulates postgraduate medical education.

paragraphs: Thirdly, the GMC is responsible for a licensing and revalidation system for all practising doctors in the UK, separate from the registration system. This was done by order of the Privy Council on 3 December 2012.

paragraphs: Citizens have a right to free choice in a democracy. Therefore, medical activities by an unregistered person is not absolutely banned:

paragraphs: However, most activities connected with being a doctor are effectively banned:


title: Kittilä

paragraphs: Kittilä is a municipality in Lapland, Finland. As of January 2014 there were almost 6,500 people living there. The municipalities next to it are Enontekiö, Inari, Kolari, Muonio, Rovaniemi and Sodankylä. Kittilä has an airport, and a ski resort named Levi.

paragraphs: A large coal mine is located in Kittilä. It is owned by the Canadian mining company: Agnico-Eagle. They have leased the mine until 2044. There is also a copper mine in Kittilä.

paragraphs: Kittilä was established 1854 by Olavi Rauhala, Vieno Suvanto and Johan Lahti. However, the earliest settlement of the area was long before.


title: Kilpisjärvi

paragraphs: Kilpisjärvi is a village in Enontekiö municipality in Lapland, Finland.

paragraphs: About 10 km west of Kilpisjärvi is Treriksröset. This is the point where the borders of Finland, Norway and Sweden meet. A monument was built at the exact point in 1926. It replaced an earlier marker built of stone in 1897.


title: Varkaus

paragraphs: Varkaus is a town in Northern Savonia, Finland. As of January 2014 Varkaus had a population almost of 22,100 people. Neighbouring municipalities are Heinävesi, Joroinen, Leppävirta, Rantasalmi and Savonlinna.

paragraphs: In Joroinen is a small airport called "Varkauden lenteasema".


title: Hercules–Corona Borealis Great Wall

paragraphs: The Hercules–Corona Borealis Great Wall is the largest known super-structure in the universe.

paragraphs: It is a huge group of galaxies forming a giant sheet-like pattern. It is about 10 billion light-years long, 7.2 billion light-years wide, and almost 1 billion light-years thick. It is about 10 billion light-years away in the constellations of Hercules and Corona Borealis, hence its name.

paragraphs: It was discovered in November 2013 by mapping gamma-ray bursts. They are very luminous explosions of distant, massive stars, the most powerful explosions in the universe. A typical burst releases more energy in less than a tenth of a second than the Sun will in its whole life of 10 billion years.

paragraphs: Gamma-ray bursts are very rare: only one happens in a typical galaxy every few million years. The stars which cause these explosions are very massive, so the material required for them to be formed must be in great amounts. So, these explosions can be used to track down if there is a galaxy in that direction, or there is a large group of matter in there.

paragraphs: Between the years of 1997 to 2012, astronomers mapped these bursts in the sky, with the help of the robotic satellites Swift and Fermi which looks for gamma-ray bursts and measures their redshifts. In the map they produced, they noticed something interesting; 14 gamma-ray bursts have very similar redshifts and are very close to each other. This means that there is a very large group of galaxies and matter in the region. They say, from measuring these bursts, comes up with a very large structure measuring 10 billion light-years in diameter.

paragraphs: For comparison, the Milky Way, the galaxy we live in, measures only 100,000 light-years, and the distance from the Milky Way to the Andromeda Galaxy measures only 2.5 million light-years. The Huge-LQG (the Huge Large Quasar Group), the previous largest structure in the universe, is 4 billion light-years long.

paragraphs: The discovery of the Hercules–Corona Borealis Great Wall contradicts a theory proposed by Albert Einstein known as the cosmological principle. The cosmological principle says that the entire universe is approximately equal; any two regions in the universe will look very similar, even if those two regions are very far apart, assuming those regions have sizes larger than 250 to 300 million light-years. Maximum sizes of structures must be around 1.2 billion light-years based on the meaning above, and no structure must be larger than that, assuming that matter is spreaded equally from the Big Bang. However, the structure, is eight times larger than the limit, contradicting the cosmological principle.

paragraphs: The structure also contradicts theories about the evolution of the universe. The structure is 10 billion light-years away, which means that we see the structure 10 billion years ago, when the universe is only 13.8 billion years old, and its light was just approaching us. The 13.8 billion year span of time is "too short for a giant structure 10 billion light-years long to form". Even Istvan Horvath, the discoverer of the structure, says he has no idea how the structure has formed in that amount of time. For now, the existence of the structure is still a mystery for cosmologists.


title: Bunny Rugs

paragraphs: William Clarke (6 February 1948 – 2 February 2014), better known by his stage names Bunny Rugs and Bunny Scott, was a Jamaican reggae musician. He was best known as a member of the band reggae band Third World.

paragraphs: He was born on 6 February 1948 in Mandeville. He was raised in the capital city, Kingston. He began his career in the mid-1960s. He was also at one time a member of the and Inner Circle and half of the duo Bunny & Ricky.

paragraphs: Clarke died from leukaemia on 2 February 2014 at an intensive care facility in Orlando, Florida in the United States. He was 65. He was outlived by his wife and eight children.


title: Academic art

paragraphs: Academic art was an artistic style that was popular from the 17th to the 19th century. Different art schools laid down rules on what a good painting or artwork shouls look like. Academic art was influenced by these rules, and was about applying them when creating a work of art. Academic art is a form of Realism in art. One of the main ideas that influenced academic art was that of Aristotle: A work of art should give a selective, but true copy of a part of reality. This idea was transformed into the concept of mimesis, or imitation. Together with thisidea, there were a number of subjects that were acceptable for painting or sculpture. Very often, the subjects came from mythology

paragraphs: The École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris had a lot of influence on the movement. At the time Neoclassicism and Romanticism were the main movements at the school.

paragraphs: With later art styles, especially that of impressionism, academic art losts its importance.

paragraphs: Well known artists who painted in the academic art style include William-Adolphe Bouguereau, Alexandre Cabanel, Eugene de Blaas, Edward Poynter, Wilhelm Bendz and Alexander Ivanov.


title: Ahmed Dogan

paragraphs: Ahmed Demir Dogan (; born 29 March 1954) is a Bulgarian politician. He was chairman of the Movement for Rights and Freedoms (DPS) from 4 January 1990 to 19 January 2013.

paragraphs: Dogan was born on 29 March 1954 in Pchelarovo, Dobrich Province. He is of Turkish ancestry.

paragraphs: On 19 January 2013, a man tried to assault Dogan with a gun during a political meeting. While Dogan was talking to a large group of people from a podium, a man ran onto the stage and pointed a pistol within a foot of Dogan's head. The man used a gas pistol filled with pepper spray, but the gun did not fire. According to Bulgaria's deputy chief prosecutor, even if the gun had fired, pepper spray is not deadly. The man was tackled and wrestled to the ground by security guards and delegates. He was severely beaten for several minutes before being arrested. The entire event was captured on video. The man was identified as Oktai Enimehmedov, a Bulgarian national of Turkish descent.


title: Pertunmaa

paragraphs: Pertunmaa is a municipality in Southern Savonia, Finland. As of January 2014 almost 1,850 people lived there. The municipalities next to it are Hartola, Heinola, Hirvensalmi, Mäntyharju and Joutsa.

paragraphs: A story says that the municipality got its name from a man named Perttu. He was the only ruler in Pertunmaa.


title: Hämeenkoski

paragraphs: Hämeenkoski is a former municipality in Päijänne Tavastia, Finland. Almost 2,100 people lived there as of January 2014. Nearby municipalities include Asikkala, Hausjärvi, Hollola, Hämeenlinna and Kärkölä. On 1 January 2016, it was merged to the municipality of Hollola.

paragraphs: Until the 18th century, Hämeenkoski was called Etola. After that, its name was Koski HI. The name Hämeenkoski has been used since 1995.

paragraphs: Etola (Hämeenkoski), Hankala, Huhti, Huljala, Hyrkkälä, Hyväneula, Järvenpää (Hämeenkoski), Kaunkorpi, Koski (Hämeenkoski), Käikälä, Leiniälä, Miehola, Padonmaa (Palomaa), Porvola, Putula, Pätilä, Saapas, Tenhiälä, Toijala (Hämeenkoski) and Töykkylä.


title: Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg

paragraphs: Archduchess Sophie Chotek (1 March 1868 – 28 June 1914) was a Czech noble from the Bohemia. She was the wife of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria. She was killed by Gavrilo Princip when he tried to shoot Potiorek, the Austrian governor of Sarajevo. Princip also killed her husband, the Archduke. These killings are commonly said to have started World War I.


title: Hurricane Inez

paragraphs: Hurricane Inez was a very deadly late season hurricane. This storm happened late September to mid October 1966. Inez had winds of just over 150 miles an hour (almost Category 5 level). The storm went across Cuba, the Florida Keys, Hispaniola and Mexico. Inez killed over 1,000 people. It caused $226.5 million (1966 USD) in damage.

paragraphs: The name Inez was retired the next spring.


title: Nivala

paragraphs: Nivala is a city in Northern Ostrobothnia, Finland. As of January 2014, almost 10,950 people lived there. Nearby municipalities are Haapajärvi, Haapavesi, Sievi and Ylivieska. The historical name of Nivala is "Pidisjärvi".


title: Hurricane Cleo

paragraphs: Hurricane Cleo was an intense hurricane that happened in late August-early September 1964. The highest winds speeds were measured at 140 miles per hour on 23 August. The storm went across Guadeloupe and Hispaniola, killing 214. It later struck from southeastern Florida to Virginia. Overall damage was just over $198 million in 1964 USD.

paragraphs: Due to high death count and severe damage, the name Cleo was retired in the spring of 1965.


title: Majesty

paragraphs: Majesty is an English word from the , meaning "greatness". It is a style of address. It is often used when directly addressing or referring to a monarch. The plural form is "Their Majesties". The style ranks above "Royal Highness".


title: Washington Hilton

paragraphs: The Washington Hilton, which was officially known as the Hilton Washington for a period in the early 21st century and is sometimes referred to ironically as the Hinckley Hilton by locals, is a hotel in Washington, D.C. It is located at 1919 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., roughly at the boundaries of the Kalorama, Dupont Circle, and Adams Morgan neighborhoods.

paragraphs: The hotel was the site of the assassination attempt on President Ronald Reagan by John Hinckley, Jr. on March 30, 1981. The attempt occurred at the hotel's T Street NW exit.


title: Gary Merrill

paragraphs: Gary Merrill (2 August 1915 – 5 March 1990) was an American movie and television character actor. His credits included more than fifty feature movies, a half dozen mostly short-lived TV series, and dozens of televisions guest star appereances. Merrill starred in "All about Eve" and married his co-star, Bette Davis.


title: Herbert Blöcker

paragraphs: Herbert Blöcker (1 January 1943 – 15 February 2014) was a German equestrian and Olympic medalist. He won a silver medal in eventing at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona.

paragraphs: He was born in Schleswig-Holstein. In 2008, both he and his Olympic horse, "Feine Dame", were inducted into the International Association of Eventing Hall of Fame. He died of cancer in 2014 at age 71 at Elmshorn.


title: Larry Speakes

paragraphs: Larry Melvin Speakes (September 13, 1939 — January 10, 2014) was an American journalist and politician. He was the acting press spokesman for the White House under President Ronald Reagan. He held the position from 1981 to 1987.

paragraphs: Speakes died in Cleveland, Mississippi on January 10, 2014 after suffering from Alzheimer's disease, aged 74.


title: George Edward Akerson

paragraphs: George Edward Akerson (September 5, 1889 – December 21, 1937) was an American journalist and politician. He was the first official White House Press Secretary.

paragraphs: Akerson was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota on September 5, 1889. He studied at the University of Minnesota and Allegheny College. In 1910 Akerson started at Harvard University, later receiving a BA in Political Science in 1912.

paragraphs: Akerson married Harriet Blake, a Wellesley College graduate, on June 28, 1915. They had three sons.

paragraphs: Akerson developed kidney disease. He died on December 21, 1937 in New York City, New York, aged 48.


title: Briarcliff Manor, New York

paragraphs: Briarcliff Manor is a village in Westchester County, New York. The village is less than north of New York City. It is shared between the towns of Mount Pleasant and Ossining, and its ZIP code is 10510. The village is on the east bank of the Hudson River, and includes the communities of Scarborough and Chilmark.

paragraphs: The village motto is "A village between two rivers", because of Briarcliff Manor's location between the Hudson and Pocantico Rivers. Briarcliff Manor was founded by Walter William Law in 1902, and has grown from 331 people then to 7,867 in 2010.

paragraphs: The area was known as Whitson's Corners until Walter Law developed the village during the 1890s. A part of the village, including buildings and homes covering , is part of the Scarborough Historic District and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. Briarcliff Manor celebrated its centennial on November 21, 2002.


title: Caroline Aaron

paragraphs: Caroline Aaron (earlier: Caroline Sidney Abady; born August 7, 1952) is an American actress. She played the character of Martha Ingels in the 1992 movie "This is My Life". She also played the part of Annie in "21 Jump Street" (a 2012 action comedy). She has a number of other acting roles to her credit in both film and television.


title: Jane Got a Gun

paragraphs: Jane Got a Gun is an American action western movie. The movie is about a woman named Jane being married to a bad man. Jane, however, longs for a man named Dan Frost. Natalie Portman plays Jane Hammond. The Weinstein Company will distribute the movie.

paragraphs: The movie was released on January 29, 2016.


title: Federico Campbell

paragraphs: Federico Campbell (1 July 1941 – 15 February 2014) was a Mexican author, reporter and journalist. Born in Tijuana he gained success after moving to Mexico City.

paragraphs: Campbell was born on 1 July 1941 in Tijuana, Baja California. Campbell was the son of Carmen Quiroz, a teacher, and Federico Campbell, a telegraph operator. His father's Scottish-American ancestors migrated to Mexico from Virginia in the 1830s. He had two sisters Sarina and Silvia Campbell Quiroz.

paragraphs: He was best known for the short story collection "Tijuanenses" ("Tijuana: Stories on the Border"). In 2000, he won the Colima Prize for Fiction with his book "Transpeninsular". In 1995, he was awarded the J. S. Guggenheim Fellowship. He has translated Harold Pinter, David Mamet and Leonardo Sciascia into Spanish. He also had one son, Federico Campbell Peña who, like his father, is a writer and a journalist.

paragraphs: Campbell died from a stroke on 15 February 2014 in Mexico City. He was 72.


title: Australia's Next Top Model (season 5)

paragraphs: The Fifth Cycle of Australia's Next Top Model was an Australian reality television program. It was broadcast on the Australian subscription television channel, FOX8. The cycle premiered on 28 April 2009. Auditions were held during October and November 2008 across Australia. Supermodel and television personality Sarah Murdoch took over as host for this cycle. She replaced Jodhi Meares, who resigned from hosting duties after cycle four finished. The competition was won by Tahnee Atkinson who defeated Cassi Van Den Dungen in the final.


title: Skyfall (song)

paragraphs: "Skyfall" is a song by Adele. It was used in a James Bond movie also called "Skyfall". The tone is dark and melancholy. It received the Best Original Song award at the 70th Golden Globes and 85th Academy Awards. The song hit #1 on some music charts across the world. It reached the top ten in the UK, US, and Canada.

paragraphs: It was released at 0:07 British Summer Time on 5 October 2012.


title: Plamen Oresharski

paragraphs: Plamen Vasilev Oresharski (; born 21 February 1960) is a Bulgarian politician. He was the Prime Minister of Bulgaria from May 29, 2013 to August 6, 2014. He was Minister of Finance from 2005 to 2009 in the Cabinet of the Triple Coalition with Prime Minister Sergei Stanishev.


title: Nadine Gordimer

paragraphs: Nadine Gordimer (20 November 1923 – 13 July 2014) was a South African writer, political activist and recipient of the 1991 Nobel Prize in Literature. She was known as a woman "who through her magnificent epic writing has – in the words of Alfred Nobel – been of very great benefit to humanity". She was of Jewish descent.

paragraphs: Gordimer's writing helped abolishing apartheid in South Africa. She was active in the anti-apartheid movement, joining the African National Congress during the days when the organization was banned. Later on she was also active in HIV/AIDS causes.

paragraphs: Gordimer was one of 20 Nobel Laureates who signed the "Stockholm memorandum" at the 3rd Nobel Laureate Symposium on Global Sustainability in Stockholm, Sweden on 18 May 2011.

paragraphs: Gordimer was born near Springs, a small town outside of Johannesburg on 20 November 1923.

paragraphs: Gordimer died on 13 July 2014 at the age of 90.


title: Howard Hesseman

paragraphs: Howard Hesseman (born February 27, 1940) is an American actor. He is best known for playing disc jockey Johnny Fever on "WKRP in Cincinnati" and schoolteacher Charlie Moore on "Head of the Class".

paragraphs: Hesseman was born in Lebanon, Oregon on February 27, 1940.


title: Jim Cummings

paragraphs: James Jonah "Jim" Cummings (born November 3, 1952) is an American voice actor. He has appeared in almost 400 roles on television and on movies. He appeared on many movies such as in "Aladdin", "The Lion King", "Antz", "The Road to El Dorado", "Shrek", and "The Princess and the Frog". Jim Cummings is probably best known for his work on "Darkwing Duck," Winnie the Pooh, and Tigger.

paragraphs: Cummings was born on November 3, 1952 in Youngstown, Ohio.

paragraphs: He only does voice work and never appeared on screen as actor.


title: Arthur Rankin Jr.

paragraphs: Arthur Gardner Rankin, Jr. (July 19, 1924 – January 30, 2014) was an American director, producer, and writer, who mostly worked in animation. He was a part of Rankin/Bass Productions with his partner Jules Bass, he created stop-motion animation features such as "Rudolph the Red Nosed Reindeer" and the 1977 cartoon animation of "The Hobbit". He is credited in over 1,000 television programs.

paragraphs: Arthur Gardner Rankin, Jr. was born on July 19, 1924 in New York City, New York. He was the son of actors, Arthur Rankin and Marian Mansfield. His grandparents, Harry Davenport and Phyllis Rankin, were also actors. He was of English and Irish ancestry.

paragraphs: Rankin died after a short illness on January 30, 2014 in Harrington Sound, Bermuda. He was 89. He was outlived by his wife, Greek actress Olga Karlatos and his two sons, Gardner and Todd.


title: Santa Cruz, Davao del Sur

paragraphs: Santa Cruz is a municipality in the Philippines. It is part of the province of Davao del Sur, on the island of Mindanao. There were about 91,000 people living in Santa Cruz in 2015.

paragraphs: The town is in the northern part of Davao del Sur. It is south of Davao City, the capital of the province. The municipality covers 6.7% of the total land area of Davao del Sur.

paragraphs: Santa Cruz is the oldest municipality in the province. It was founded on 5 October 1884, by Spanish explorers and missionaries. Most of the people in Santa Cruz today are either Muslim or Christian. The languages spoken in Santa Cruz are Cebuano, Tagalog, Mansakan, and English.

paragraphs: Santa Cruz is divided into 18 barangays.


title: Tammam Salam

paragraphs: Tammam Saeb Salam (تمام سلام born 1945) is a Lebanese politician. He served as minister of culture from 2008 to 2009. He was tasked with forming a new government on 6 April 2013. Salam was one of the Sunni politicians close to the pro-Syrian camp in Lebanon. Salam was finally elected Prime Minister on 15 February 2014.


title: Michel Suleiman

paragraphs: Michel Suleiman or Sleiman ( "", born 21 November 1948) is a Lebanese politician. He was the President of Lebanon from 2008 to 2014. Before becoming President, he served as Commander of the Lebanese Armed Forces from 1998 to 2008.

paragraphs: After Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) commander Émile Lahoud took office as President in November 1998, Suleiman succeeded him, taking his place in December. Suleiman was later elected President and was sworn into office on 25 May 2008.


title: Melanie Chartoff

paragraphs: Melanie Chartoff (born December 15, 1948) is an American actress. She played Lillah Warfield in "Wiseguy" on CBS. Also on CBS, she played Dr. Mary on "Newhart"

paragraphs: Chartoff was born in New Haven, Connecticut on December 15, 1948.


title: Sophie Blanchard

paragraphs: Sophie Blanchard (also Madame Blanchard; 25 March 1778 — 6 July 1819) was a French aeronaut and wife of ballooning pioneer Jean-Pierre Blanchard. She made many balloon flights.

paragraphs: Blanchard died at age 41. After a major accident in which her balloon caught fire, she fell to her death. She had been born in Paris.


title: Garrett Morris

paragraphs: Garrett Gonzalez Morris (born February 1, 1937) is an American comedian, educator, and actor. He was part of the original cast of the sketch comedy program "Saturday Night Live", appearing from 1975 to 1980. He also starred as Earl the Cashier on the sitcom "2 Broke Girls".


title: Ewald-Heinrich von Kleist-Schmenzin

paragraphs: Ewald-Heinrich von Kleist-Schmenzin (10 July 1922 – 8 March 2013) was a German Army officer in World War II and later worked as a publisher.

paragraphs: A member of the von Kleist family, his parents were active in the German resistance against Adolf Hitler. Ewald-Heinrich von Kleist-Schmenzin, who lived to be 90, was the last surviving member of the 20 July 1944 plot to assassinate Hitler.

paragraphs: Ewald-Heinrich von Kleist died at his home in Munich on 8 March 2013 from natural causes. He was 90.


title: Sophie McShera

paragraphs: Sophie McShera (born 1 January 1985) is an English actress. She played pupil Ros McCain in the television series Waterloo Road and she played kitchen maid Daisy Mason in the show "Downtown Abbey". She played Drizella in the 2015 fantasy adaptation of "Cinderella".


title: Prairie Village, Kansas

paragraphs: Prairie Village is a city in northeast Kansas, very close to Kansas City. The 2010 census population was near 21,500. Construction of the Prairie Village began in 1941. The city was incorporated in 1951.


title: Lenexa, Kansas

paragraphs: Lenexa is a city in Johnson County, Kansas United States. It is the 9th most populated city in the Kansas City Metropolitan Area. In 2010, 48,190 people lived there. It is where Garmin was created. It is the regional headquarters of Kiewit Construction and the former headquarters of Applebee’s. It is bordered by the cities of Shawnee to the north, Overland Park to the east, De Soto to the west and Olathe to the south.

paragraphs: Lenexa is at (38.964689, -94.759535). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . Of that, is land and is water.

paragraphs: The 2010 census says that there were 48,190 people, 19,288 households, and 13,065 families living in Lenexa.

paragraphs: The City's 2015 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report says that the biggest employers in the city are:


title: Mantura

paragraphs: The mantura () is a wind musical instrument. It is originally from the Greek island of Crete. It has 4 to 6 holes for the fingers and makes sound with the help of the tongue.


title: Mantura (beetle)

paragraphs: Mantura is a genus of beetles in the family Chrysomelidae.


title: Leawood, Kansas

paragraphs: Leawood is a city in eastern Kansas. It is close to Kansas City. In 2010, almost 32,000 people lived there. This city was named for Oscar G. Lee.


title: James Condon

paragraphs: James Thomas Condon (27 September 1923 – 14 February 2014) was an Australian actor. He made many television appearances on shows such as: "The Story of Peter Grey", "Homicide", "Matlock Police", "Number 96", "Bellamy", "The Young Doctors", "Carson's Law", "Sons and Daughters", "Prisoner", "The Flying Doctors", "Neighbours", "Blue Heelers" and "Something in the Air". He was born on 27 September 1923 in Fremantle, Western Australia. He was of Irish ancestry.

paragraphs: Condon died on 14 February 2014, at the age of 90. He was outlived by his four daughters: Elizabeth, Susan, Katherine and Mary-Jane. His wife, actress Anne Haddy, died in 1999.


title: Athous

paragraphs: Athous is a genus of beetles in the family Elateridae. Beetles in this family are called "click beetles". "Athous" is one of the largest genera of click beetles, containing more than a hundred species.

paragraphs: Species were first organised into this genus by Johann Friedrich von Eschscholtz in 1829.

paragraphs: The larvae, called "wireworms", feed on roots of plants and also on seeds lying on the ground. They are considered pests by farmers because they damage crops. They also live in rotting wood.


title: Wentworth Miller

paragraphs: Wentworth Earl Miller III (born June 2, 1972) is an American actor, model, screenwriter and producer. He is best known for his role as Michael Scofield in the Fox television series "Prison Break" (2005–2009, 2017–present). For this role, he has a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role nomination. In 2014, he began playing Leonard Snart / Captain Cold in The CW series "The Flash", and later the spin-off "Legends of Tomorrow". His first screenplay, the thriller drama "Stoker", was released in 2013.

paragraphs: Miller was born in Chipping Norton, Oxfordshire, England. He moved to Brooklyn, New York, United States at the age of one. His parents are Americans. His father has African-American, Jamaican, English, German, Jewish, and Cherokee background, and his mother is of Russian, French, Dutch, Syrian, and Lebanese ancestry.

paragraphs: In 2007, Miller denied to "InStyle" that he was gay. He later came out as gay in August 2013, when he posted a letter on GLAAD's website. In the letter he turned down the offer to go to the Saint Petersburg International Film Festival. The reason was because he felt "deeply troubled" by the Russian government's treatment of its gay citizens. This was referring to anti-LGBT laws passed banning "propaganda of nontraditional sexual relations."


title: Agriotes

paragraphs: Agriotes is a genus of beetles in the family Elateridae. These beetles are called "click beetles". The genus contains many species. They are found in the Americas, Asia and much of Europe.

paragraphs: The larvae, called "wireworms", feed on roots of plants and also on seeds lying on the ground. They are considered pests by farmers because they damage crops.

paragraphs: "Agriotes" is divided into four subgenera:


title: Trechus

paragraphs: Trechus is a genus of ground beetles. It is found across Europe, the Middle East and northern Asia. The genus contains hundreds of species.

paragraphs: The name comes from the Greek word "trécho", meaning "I run".

paragraphs: Species were first organised into this genus in 1806, by Joseph Philippe de Clairville.


title: Hirvensalmi

paragraphs: Hirvensalmi is a municipality in Southern Savonia, Finland. As of January 2014, almost 2,350 people lived there. Neighbouring municipalities are Joutsa, Kangasniemi, Mikkeli, Mäntyharju and Pertunmaa.

paragraphs: The municipality was established in 1656.

paragraphs: Hirvenlahti, Hirvensalmi (urban area), Hurrila, Hämeenmäki, [Kekkola, Kilkki, Kissakoski, Kotkatvesi, Kuitula, Lahnaniemi, Lelkola, Malvaniemi, Merrasmäki, Monikkala, Noitti, Parkkola, Puukonsaari, Pyörnilä, Pääskynsaari, Pöyry (Hirvensalmi), Ripatti, Suonsalmi, Syväsmäki, Tuukkala, Vahvamäki, Vahvaselkä and Vaisälänsaari.


title: Ampedus

paragraphs: Ampedus is a genus in the family of Elateridae. These beetles are called "click beetles". It contains a large number of species.


title: Kangasniemi

paragraphs: Kangasniemi is a municipality in Southern Savonia, Finland. As of January 2014, almost 5,800 people lived there. Neighbouring municipalities are Hankasalmi, Hirvensalmi, Joutsa, Mikkeli, Pieksämäki and Toivakka.

paragraphs: Kangasniemi was established in 1867. It has over 40 villages.


title: Adrastus (genus)

paragraphs: Adrastus is a genus of beetles in the family Elateridae. These beetles are called "click beetles". Species were first organised into this genus in 1829, by Johann Friedrich von Eschscholtz.


title: Pieksämäki

paragraphs: Pieksämäki is a town in Southern Savonia, Finland. In Finland it is called a city. As of January 2014, almost 19,300 people lived there. Neighbouring municipalities are Hankasalmi, Joroinen, Juva, Kangasniemi, Leppävirta, Mikkeli, Rautalampi and Suonenjoki. Most people speak Finland.

paragraphs: Pieksämäki was established in 1930. It became a city in 1962.


title: Tachys

paragraphs: Tachys is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae. It contains hundreds of species.

paragraphs: Species were first organised into this genus in 1821, by Pierre François Marie Auguste Dejean.


title: Joroinen

paragraphs: Joroinen is a municipality in Southern Savonia, Finland. As of January 2014, over 5,200 people lived there. Neighbouring municipalities are Juva, Leppävirta, Pieksämäki, Rantasalmi and Varkaus.


title: Drypta

paragraphs: Drypta is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae. It contains almost 70 species, which are organised into four subgenera.


title: Rantasalmi

paragraphs: Rantasalmi is a municipality in Southern Savonia, Finland. As of January 2014, almost 3,900 people lived there. Neighbouring municipalities are Joroinen, Juva, Savonlinna, Sulkava and Varkaus.


title: Trechoblemus

paragraphs: Trechoblemus is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae. It contains the following species:


title: Honkajoki

paragraphs: Honkajoki is a municipality in Satakunta, Finland. As of January 2014, more than 1,800 people lived there. Neighbouring municipalities are Isojoki, Kankaanpää, Karvia, Kauhajoki and Siikainen. The most notable water system is Karvianjoki. There are no lakes in the municipality. There are many untouched swamps.

paragraphs: Compared to population, Honkajoki has many companies.


title: Infante

paragraphs: Infante is a title given to children of the reigning King of Spain. It has also historically been used by Portuguese monarchs before the country became a republic. As it is a title usually used by the children of monarchs, the style of Royal Highness is also used. The female version of the word is Infanta. Fully the style is usually:


title: Lake Placid, Florida

paragraphs: Lake Placid is a town in Florida, United States. It is in Highlands County.


title: St. Moritz

paragraphs: Saint Moritz (; ; ) is a ski resort in the Engadine valley in Switzerland. The Olympic Winter Games were held here in 1928 and 1948.


title: Cortina d'Ampezzo

paragraphs: Cortina d'Ampezzo (Ladin: "Anpezo, Ampëz", ) is a ski resort and commune in northern Italy. The Olympic Winter Games were held here in 1956.


title: Garmisch-Partenkirchen

paragraphs: Garmisch-Partenkirchen is a mountain resort town in Bavaria in southern Germany. It is the administrative centre of the district of Garmisch-Partenkirchen, in the Oberbayern region, and the district is on the border with Austria. Nearby is Germany's highest mountain, Zugspitze, at 2961 m (9714 ft.). The Olympic Winter Games were held here in 1936.


title: Lillehammer

paragraphs: Lillehammer is a city in Oppland county, Norway. The 1994 Winter Olympics and the Paralympic Winter Games were held here in 1994.


title: Houseboy

paragraphs: A houseboy is typically a young male domestic worker or personal assistant who performs cleaning and personal chores. The term has history within British colonialism, but also in military contexts.


title: Kitchen maid

paragraphs: A kitchen maid or kitchen girl is a young housemaid or other junior female domestic worker. In the hierarchy of a great house she ranked below a cook and above a scullery maid. An experienced kitchen maid is an assistant cook; the position may be compared to that of a line cook in a professional kitchen.

paragraphs: The kitchen maid reports to the Head Cook, if there is one.

paragraphs: Her uniform may consist of a blouse and a skirt, and apron.

paragraphs: Margaret Powell worked as a kitchen girl at the age of 15.


title: Alcester, South Dakota

paragraphs: Alcester is a city in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is in Union County, and 807 people lived there at the 2010 census. Alcester became a city in 1893.


title: Cook (domestic worker)

paragraphs: A cook is a household staff member responsible for food preparation. The term can refer to the head of kitchen staff in a great house or to the cook-housekeeper, a far less prestigious position involving more physical labour.

paragraphs: The cook in an English great house was traditionally female; today's residences may employ a head cook or chef who may be of either gender.

paragraphs: When Margaret Powell had begun as a kitchen girl at the age of 15. she later advanced to become a cook.


title: Jefferson, South Dakota

paragraphs: Jefferson is a city in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is located in Union County, and 547 people lived there at the 2010 census. Jefferson became a city in 1895.


title: Vemdalen

paragraphs: Vemdalen is a locality in Härjedalen Municipality in Jämtland County, Sweden. There were 542 people living there in 2010. It is a ski resort.


title: Funäsdalen

paragraphs: Funäsdalen is a locality situated in Härjedalen Municipality in Jämtland County, Sweden. In 2010, 890 people lived there.