title: Nostalgia, Ultra

paragraphs: Nostalgia, Ultra is the debut mixtape album by recording artist Frank Ocean. It was released in February 2011 as a free digital download on Ocean's website. It featured the successful singles "Novacane" and "Swim Good". It was supposed to be reissued as an extended play, but this was cancelled. The mixtape caught the attention of rappers Kanye West and Jay-Z, who got Ocean as a featured artist on their "Watch The Throne" album. The mixtape caused controversy in March 2012 because of the track "American Wedding", which is a remake of "Hotel California" by The Eagles.


title: Odd Future

paragraphs: Odd Future is a group of hip hop musicians from Los Angeles, United States. It was formed in 2007 by Tyler The Creator.


title: Nothing Was the Same

paragraphs: Nothing Was the Same is the third studio album by Drake. It was released in September 2013. It was promoted by the hit songs "Started From the Bottom" and "Hold On, Were Going Home". It is very different from Drake's previous album "Take Care".


title: Mole (food)

paragraphs: Mole is a spicy chocolate made for Día de Muertos (Day of the Dead). It is usually made out of chili peppers, spices, and chocolate.


title: Nicos Anastasiades

paragraphs: Nicos Anastasiades (born 27 September 1946) is a Cypriot politician who has been President of Cyprus since 2013. Previously, he was leader of the center-right political party Democratic Rally (DISY).

paragraphs: Anastasiades was born on 27 September 1946 in Pera Pedi, Cyprus. He studied at National and Kapodistrian University of Athens and at the University College London. Anastasiades is married to Andri Moustakoudes.

paragraphs: Anastasiades was first elected to the House of Representatives in 1981 and has been leader of his party since 8 June 1997.

paragraphs: Anastasiades earned 673 votes (86.73%) and MEP Theocharous 103 (13.27%). On the first round of the presidential election on 17 February 2013, Anastasiades won 45% of votes, while Stavros Malas and George Lillikas earned 26.9% and 24.9%, respectively. He won in the second round with 57.48% of the vote.


title: Demetris Christofias

paragraphs: Demetris Christofias, also spelled Dimitris Christofias ( ; 29 August 1946 – 21 June 2019), was a Cypriot politician. He was the sixth President of Cyprus from 2008 to 2013. Christofias was the General Secretary of AKEL, the communist party of Cyprus, and was the European Union's and Cyprus' first, and so far only, communist head of state.

paragraphs: He won the 2008 Cypriot presidential elections in the second round of voting. Throughout the election campaign, he promised to restart talks with Turkish Cypriots in order to find an answer to the Cyprus dispute and reunify the island. He has also supported the closure of the British military bases on Cyprus.

paragraphs: On 20 May 2019, Christofias was hospitalized in Nicosia due to an acute respiratory infection and was under critical condition. He died a month later on 21 June 2019 from respiratory failure at the age of 72.


title: President of Cyprus

paragraphs: The President of Cyprus is the head of state and the head of government of the Republic of Cyprus. The office was created in 1960, after Cyprus gained its independence from the United Kingdom. The current President of Cyprus is Nicos Anastasiades.


title: Tassos Papadopoulos

paragraphs: Tassos (Efstathios) Nikolaou Papadopoulos (; 7 January 1934 – 12 December 2008) was a Cypriot politician. He served as the fifth President of the Republic of Cyprus from February 28, 2003 to February 28, 2008.

paragraphs: Papadopoulos died on 12 December 2008 from a type of lung cancer in Nicosia, Cyprus, aged 74.


title: Glafcos Clerides

paragraphs: Glafcos Ioannou Clerides (; 24 April 1919 – 15 November 2013) was a Greek-Cypriot politician. He was the fourth President of Cyprus. He was the oldest living former President of the Republic of Cyprus.

paragraphs: Clerides was born on 24 April 1919 in Nicosia, Cyprus. He studied at the King's College London in London, England.

paragraphs: During World War II, he served in the British Royal Air Force. In 1942 his airplane was shot down over Germany and he was captured. He remained a prisoner of war until the end of the war. His name was mentioned in dispatches for distinguished services. Clerides was also one of the last European leaders who saw active service in World War II.

paragraphs: He was the acting President of Cyprus 7 December 1974, the day of the return of Archbishop Makarios, President of the Republic, who was forced to flee on 16 July 1974.

paragraphs: From 1961 to 1963 he held the position of President of the Cyprus Red Cross. In recognition of his outstanding services he was awarded a Certificate of Honour and Life Membership in recognition of distinguished services to the Red Cross.

paragraphs: In 1976 he founded the right wing Democratic Rally (Demokratikos Synagermos). He was a candidate for the presidency of Cyprus six times and elected to two five-year terms, in 1993 and in 1998. In 1998 his main opponent was Georgios Iakovou. He was defeated in the 2003 presidential election by Tassos Papadopoulos.

paragraphs: During his presidency, Clerides helped his country of Cyprus to become part of the European Union.

paragraphs: Clerides was the eldest son of lawyer and statesman Ioannis Clerides. Clerides was married to Lila-Irene. They have a daughter, Katherine, who is a member of the House of the Representatives for the Democratic Rally Party.

paragraphs: Clerides died on 15 November 2013 from unexplained causes in hospital in Nicosia, Cyprus. Before his death, Clerides suffered many health issues. He was 94 years old.


title: Ceolwulf I of Mercia

paragraphs: Ceolwulf I was the King of Mercia, East Anglia and Kent from 821 to 823. He succeeded his brother Coenwulf of Mercia. There was a great deal of disagreement among his noblemen during his short reign. He was deposed and exiled from Mercia by Beornwulf of Mercia who claimed the throne himself.

paragraphs: He was the son Cuthbert, a Mercian nobleman. His brother Coenwulf ruled Mercia before him. At his brother's death the Mercians were attacking Wales. Ceolwulf continued where Coenwulf left off. The "Annales Cambriae" for the year 822 said the 'Saxons' attacked and destroyed the fortress at Deganwy and then controlled Powys. Welsh poems of the time confirm Mercia was attacking Powys. On 17 September 822 he was consecrated king by Archbishop Wulfred. In issued by Ceolwulf he styled himself This shows he had authority in Kent. But his rule in Mercia was marked by among his noblemen. He was removed from the throne in 823. After being deposed Ceolwulf left Mercia for Rome. By this time he was older, probably in his fifties. He was the last of the Iclingas dynasty who had ruled Mercia for over three centuries. Beornwulf who replaced him was from a family little is known about.


title: Machine pistol

paragraphs: A machine pistol is a typically a -style firearm that can fire fully automatic or burst fire. Fully automatic means that the gun will continue to fire very rapidly so long as the trigger is pressed and held. Burst fire means that when you pull the trigger, a number of shots determined by the shooter will be fired (for some guns, this is three shots, fired very quickly). Machine pistols fire pistol cartridges. Machine pistols usually have the cartridges fed into the gun with a magazine, which is a rectangular box which holds the cartridges.

paragraphs: Machine pistols are usually self-loading, which means that the gun automatically loads a new cartridge into the chamber after a shot is fired.

paragraphs: The first true machine pistol was the German MP-18 introduced in 1918. It fired the 9mm Parabellum cartridge. It used a side-loading magazine that held 20 cartridges.

paragraphs: The Germans converted some pistols, like the Luger, into machine pistols. They invented a type of Luger called the Luger P08 in World War I to German artillery crews. It had a longer barrel and a 32 round magazine shaped like a round drum. It was given to artillery crews so they could defend themselves.

paragraphs: In 1951 the Russian army developed the Stechkin APS, which could fire in burst fire or in fully automatic fire. When the gun was used in burst or automatic fire, users were told to use the wooden stock so that they can control the weapon better. One of the problems with machine pistols is they tend to rise up when being fired, making the bullets miss their target.

paragraphs: In the 1990s and 2000s, as more soldier began wearing bulletproof vests with hard ceramic armor, the machine pistol became less useful in a military setting. The low-powered pistol ammunition was not able to penetrate ceramic-plated Kevlar military vests. As a result, armies began to issue a new gun, the personal defense weapon or PDW. The PDW fires armor-piercing, higher-powered ammunition which can go through bulletproof vests.


title: Vassos Lyssarides

paragraphs: Vassos Lyssarides (born May 13, 1920) is a Cypriot politician. He has been an important figure in Cyprus politics since the island's independence. In 1969, he founded EDEK, the first Socialist political party of Cyprus.

paragraphs: He was born on May 13, 1920 in the village of Lefkara. He was educated at the Pancyprian Gymnasium and then studied medicine at the University of Athens.

paragraphs: On 30 August 1974, an attempt was made against his life; during the attack, EDEK youth leader Doros Loizou was killed. Lyssarides was elected and served as President of the House of Representatives from 1985 to 1991.


title: George Vasiliou

paragraphs: Georgios Vasos Vassiliou (; born May 20, 1931 in Famagusta, Cyprus) is an Cypriot politician. He was the third President of the Republic of Cyprus from 1988 to 1993. He was also the founder and leader of the Cypriot United Democrats party (EDI) and a highly successful businessman.

paragraphs: He elected as president of United Democrats and remained president until 2005. In the Parliamentary Elections of 2001 his party lost one of its seats and he wasn't re-elected. In 2004, he resigned from the presidency of United Democrats.

paragraphs: He has also served as Chief Negotiator for the accession of Cyprus to the European Union from 1998 to 2003.


title: Spyros Kyprianou

paragraphs: Spyros Achilleos Kyprianou (or Cyprianou) (; 28 October 1932 – 12 March 2002) was an Cypriot politician. He was one of the most important politicians of modern Cyprus. He served as the second President of the Republic of Cyprus from 1977 to 1988.

paragraphs: Spyros Kyprianou died on 12 March 2002 after a long fight with prostate cancer.


title: Makarios III

paragraphs: Makarios III (), born Michail Christodolou Mouskos (; August 13, 1913 – August 3, 1977), was the archbishop and primate of the autocephalous Cypriot Orthodox Church (1950–1977). He was the first President of the Republic of Cyprus (1960–1974 and 1974–1977). In his three terms as President of Cyprus (1959-1977), he survived four assassination attempts.

paragraphs: Makarios died from a heart attack on August 3, 1977 in Nicosia, Cyprus, aged 63.


Open Season


title: Salem, South Dakota

paragraphs: Salem is a city in the eastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is the county seat of McCook County, and it became a city in 1880. At the 2010 census, 1,347 people lived there.


title: Jorge González

paragraphs: Jorge González (January 31, 1966 – September 22, 2010) was an Argentine professional wrestler and basketball player. He is known for competing in World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and World Wrestling Federation (WWF). He also competed for New Japan Pro Wrestling (NJPW).

paragraphs: Before becoming a professional wrestler, González played basketball. He was the tallest Argentine basketball player in history, standing at 2.29 m (7 ft 6.25 in).

paragraphs: He was drafted in the 1988 NBA Draft by the Atlanta Hawks in the third round. González along with Hernán Montenegro (who was drafted 3 spots after him) became the first Argentine players drafted in the NBA. He was not able to adapt to the physical demands of NBA basketball because of a serious knee injury.

paragraphs: He was known for wearing a full body suit that featured airbrushed muscles with bushy hair attached. He debuted in the WWF at the Royal Rumble in January 1993, where he eliminated The Undertaker from the Royal Rumble match even though he was not an official participant. González challenged The Undertaker at WrestleMania IX but lost by disqualification when he knocked Undertaker unconscious by using chloroform. This win for The Undertaker remains the only instance where he did not have a decisive victory in his WrestleMania streak.


title: Expected value

paragraphs: In probability theory and statistics, the expected value of a random variable formula_1 (represented by the symbol formula_2) is the average value the variable will take, that is, assuming that the experiment is repeated an infinite number of times, and the mean (or weighted average) of all the values is calculated along the way.

paragraphs: By definition, the expected value of a discrete random variable formula_1 is calculated by the formula formula_4, where formula_5 is the probability that formula_6 equals formula_7, and formula_7 ranges over all possible values of formula_1.

paragraphs: The Law of large numbers describes how this happens.


title: Canaletto

paragraphs: Giovanni Antonio Canal (18 October 1697 – 19 April 1768) was an Italian painter from Venice. Today, he is mostly remembered for his landscape paintings. Some of these landscape paintings which resemble the views found on modern-day postcards are known as Vedutes today. He was also an important printmaker in etching.


title: Wikipediocracy

paragraphs: Wikipediocracy is an Internet forum in English. It was founded in March 2012. It lets people who sign up talk about Wikipedia and the Wikimedia Foundation. It is like the Wikipedia Review, another website for talking about how people feel about Wikipedia and the organisations and people that run it.

paragraphs: Wikipediocracy was created by users of the website the Wikipedia Review in March 2012. It says it shows how Wikipedia works and that there are problems with Wikipedia. It says there is corruption at Wikipedia and also  that there are problems with the way it was built. A reporter for "The Daily Dot", which is an online newspaper, has written that Wikipediocracy exposes the bad side of Wikipedia.

paragraphs: In 2013, users of the website gave personal information about "Qworty", a Wikipedia user, to a writer for "Salon", an online newspaper. They revealed his offline identity, along with bad things he had been doing, and the writer published it on "Salon".


title: Olga Syahputra

paragraphs: Yoga Syahputra (8 February 1983 – 27 March 2015) was an Indonesian actor, comedian, and singer.

paragraphs: Yoga was born to Nur and Nurhida Rachman. He was the oldest of their seven children. His first job as an actor was in "Lenong Bocah". Unfortunately the guy bleed Minang's - Javanese is required to participate in the first practice "Studio Ananda". Because he did not have enough money, Olga sold a refrigerator to pay his school fees to take classes at a Studio Ananda. Olga friend, Bertrand which then lend a hand with Olga bought a new refrigerator.


title: Janet Carroll

paragraphs: Janet Carroll (24 December 1940 – 22 May 2012) was an American movie and theater actress. She acted in many movies, including "Talent for the Game" (1991), "Forces of Nature" (1999) and "Destiny Turns on the Radio" (1995). She also did several TV acts, including "Murphy Brown". She is perhaps best remembered as the mother of Joel (Tom Cruise) in the 1983 film "Risky Business".

paragraphs: Carroll was born in Chicago. She died from brain cancer at age 71, in New York City.


title: Bernardo Bellotto

paragraphs: Bernardo Bellotto (1721 or 1722 – 17 October 1780) was an Italian urban landscape painter or "vedutista", and printmaker in etching. Today, he is mostly remembered for his "vedute" of European cities (Dresden, Vienna, Turin and Warsaw). He was the pupil and nephew of Canaletto and sometimes used the latter's illustrious name, signing himself as Bernardo Canaletto. In Germany and Poland, Bellotto called himself by his uncle's name, Canaletto.

paragraphs: In his paintings, Bellotto paid great attention to the way he represented works of architecture and how the light illuminated the scene. It is plausible that Bellotto, and other Venetian masters of "vedute", may have used the camera obscura in order to achieve superior precision of urban views.


title: Roger Schmidt

paragraphs: Roger Schmidt (born 13 March 1967 in Kierspe, North Rhine-Westphalia) is a German football manager. He is manager of the Austrian team FC Red Bull Salzburg.

paragraphs: His original profession is engineer. As player he played for SC Verl and SC Paderborn as midfielder. He started his career as manager with Delbrücker SC, went on to Preußen Münster and then to Paderborn 07. Since his time with Münster he is a professional manager.

paragraphs: His last manager job is with FC Red Bull Salzburg in the Bundesliga, the top level league in Austrian football. Although the team gained goal and point record they finished only second. Being in danger to lose his job a lot of the fans declared their solidarity.

paragraphs: In 2014, he transferred to Bayer 04 Leverkusen.


title: Dornier Do 17

paragraphs: The Dornier Do 17 is a Nazi German military aircraft. It was used for the World War II as a bomber, night fighter, and reconnaissance plane. It's a twin-engines aircraft. It was used by "Luftwaffe" for Battle of France and after Battle of Britain. Maiden flight in 1934. More than 2100 examples were built. Do 217 and Do 317 are modern variants of it.

paragraphs: It was nicknamed the “flying pencil” for its thin fuselage. It’s successors, the Do-215 and Do-217, would inherit this nickname.


title: Ernest W. Burgess

paragraphs: Ernest W. Burgess (May 16, 1886–December 27, 1966) was an urban sociologist. He was born in Tilbury, Ontario, Canada. Burgess received his education at Kingfisher College in Kingfisher, Oklahoma. He did his graduate studies in sociology at the University of Chicago. In 1916, he returned to the University of Chicago, as a member of the . Burgess was hired as an urban sociologist at the University of Chicago. He was the 24th President of the American Sociological Association (ASA). He made the Burgess model to show how big Chicago will grow in 1923. The Burgess model is also called the Concentric zone model.


title: Beornwulf of Mercia

paragraphs: Beornwulf ( 826) was a Mercian nobleman who became the King of Mercia. Although not of the Mercian royal family himself he usurped the throne from Ceolwulf in 823. He ruled Mercia until his death three years later.

paragraphs: Little is known about Beornwulf's family. He played a large part in Ceolwulf I losing the throne in 823. He succeeded Ceolwulf as king in the summer of 823. Beornwulf continued the campaign against Powys started by Coenwulf and his brother Ceolwulf I. By the end of 823 Powys was being controlled by Mercia. By 825 Beornwulf had extended his authority over Kent, Essex and Middlesex. In 825 Beornwulf invaded Wessex. In what Frank Stenton called "one of the most decisive battles of Anglo-Saxon history" Egbert defeated Beornwulf at the Battle of Ellandun. This was the end of the Mercian kings dominating England. Egbert sent his son Athelwulf with an army to overthrow Baldred, the Mercian sub-king. As a result, all of Kent, Surrey, Sussex and East Anglia submitted to Egbert of Wessex. Egbert was cautious though. He kew Mercia had a powerful army and did not attack Mercia directly. Instead he the East Anglians to revolt against Beornwulf. When Beornwulf tried to recover East Anglia in 826 he was killed in the attempt. He was succeeded by one of his ealdormen, Ludeca of Mercia.


title: French Resistance

paragraphs: The French Resistance is the name used to refer to the different French resistance movements that fought against the Nazi German military occupation in France during World War II (1939–1945). Résistance cells were small groups of armed men and women who killed German soldiers, published secret underground newspapers, collected information about the German army, and helped Allied soldiers and pilots who were trapped in France to get back to Great Britain. The men and women of the Résistance came from all levels of society and many different religions.

paragraphs: The Allied armies helped the French Resistance by providing them with guns and explosives. It was very dangerous to be a member of the French resistance. Members who were caught by the Germans were often tortured and killed. When the Resistance killed a German officer, sometimes the Nazi army would kill large numbers of innocent civilians as a punishment.

paragraphs: The French Resistance helped the Allied armies to advance through France following the invasion of Normandy on 6 June 1944, and the invasion of Provence on 15 August by providing information about the German defenses. The resistance also sabotaged the electrical power grid, transportation methods, and telecommunications networks. During the Nazi occupation of France, the resistance was an inspiring example of patriotic behavior and bravery.

paragraphs: When the war was over, the Resistance executed about 9,000 people who were collaborating with the Nazi occupiers. This included many members of the Milices, a fascist organization that helped Nazi Germany.


title: Juraj Dobrila University of Pula

paragraphs: The Juraj Dobrila University of Pula () is a university in the city of Pula, Croatia. It was created in 2006. As of 2011, the university had about 2,465 students.

paragraphs: The Juraj Dobrila University of Pula is an entirely integrated university, consisting of five departments:


title: Paul Baum

paragraphs: Paul Baum (22 September 1859 – 15 May 1932) was a German painter. At first he was an Impressionist painter, but later developed to be a Post-Impressionist. He was one of the main post-impressionist German artists. He worked as a teacher at different art schools. Today, he is mostly known for his landscape paintings. Most of the landscapes were from Flanders or the Netherlands.


title: Rhythm section

paragraphs: A rhythm section is the group of musicians in a rock music, jazz, or country music group who play their instruments to set out the pulse or beat of the music. This is played in accompaniment to the rest of the band. Some of the rhythm section instruments, such as the guitar and the piano, also play the chord progression (sequence of chords) that a song is based upon. Some rhythm section instruments, such as the drums and percussion, are just used to set out the beat. Most rhythm sections include a bass instrument, such as the bass guitar or the double bass, which plays the deep, low notes of the chord progression.


title: Middle Angles

paragraphs: The Middle Angles were an important ethnic group in the kingdom of Mercia during the Anglo-Saxon period. It is probable that Angles moved into the Midlands from East Anglia early in the 6th century. The area they occupied is now centred around modern Leicestershire and Northamptonshire. They were in place before the reign of Penda (c.626-655). He made his eldest son, Peada, King of the Middle Angles in 653. For some time they kept their own identity in Mercia. The Middle Angles had their own bishop based in Leicester.


title: Lap dance

paragraphs: A lap dance is a type of sex work performed in some strip clubs (clubs in which women or men take off their clothes as they dance to music). In this, a dancer performs an erotic dance either contacting their body (contact dancing) with a seated patron or within a very short distance of a seated patron.

paragraphs: The dancer may be naked, topless or wearing a bikini top and bottom, depending on the laws in the jurisdiction of the strip club and the club's policies. With full-contact lap dances, the stripper may engage in contact with the patron, such as pressing his or her body against the patron. Different types include a "couch dance", which is a lap dance where the customer is seated on a couch, and bed dance where the customer lies down on a bed.

paragraphs: In some clubs, a "block session" of lap dances (usually half an hour to an hour) can be booked in a "champagne room", which is a private room in the back of a club. In many clubs, the duration of a lap dance is measured by the length of the song being played by the club's DJ. Charges for lap dances vary.

paragraphs: Depending on the local jurisdiction and community standards, lap dances can involve touching of the dancer by the patron, touching the patron by the dancer, neither, or both. In some clubs, any touching by the patron is forbidden. On the other hand, if a club does not enforce its rules, levels of contact may be negotiable between the participants. Clubs vary widely with regard to whether they enforce their rules or ignore any violations.

paragraphs: Critics of lapdancing say that some club owners, by installing dark private booths and charging dancers high stage fees to work at the club, are encouraging the sale of sexual acts between customers and dancers. According to the UK paper The Guardian, "Research shows that the majority of women become lap-dancers through poverty and lack" of other jobs.


title: Ludeca of Mercia

paragraphs: Ludeca ( 827) was a Mercian nobleman and ealdorman. At the death of Beornwulf in 826 he became the King of Mercia. He ruled what was left of Mercia after Beornwulf's defeat by Egbert of Wessex at the Battle of Ellandun. He ruled Mercia until his own death, barely a year later.

paragraphs: In 824 two of King Beornwulf are witnessed by Ludeca, then a member of his court. His title on those charters is . Nothing else is known of Ludeca. At Beornwulf's death he became king. But the kingdom Ludeca now ruled was just Mercia, Lindsey, Middle Anglia and the Mercian provinces of the Hwicce and Magonsæte. All of southern England was in disorder. Egbert of Wessex now had control of Essex and Kent. He had the revolt by the East Anglians that resulted in Beornwulf's death. The East Anglians saw this as a chance for their independence from Mercia. A few months later Ludeca led his army against them but he was killed. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for 825 (actual year 827) recorded: "In this year Ludecan, king of the Mercians, was slain, and his five aldormen [ealdormen] with him, and Wiglaf succeeded to the kingdom."


title: Chamberlain, South Dakota

paragraphs: Chamberlain is a city in the central part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is the county seat of Brule County, and it is located along the Missouri River, across from Oacoma. It became a city in 1881, and 2,387 people lived there at the 2010 census.


title: Strip club

paragraphs: A strip club is a type of club that has performers who dance while removing their clothes. Most strip clubs are also bars which serve alcohol. Many communities have rules on strip clubs, such as rules on how many strip clubs are allowed to exist in the community, rules on the minimum distance that must be kept between dancers and customers (e.g., the "six-foot" minimum distance in San Diego), or rules on what clothing cannot be taken off (e.g. panties).

paragraphs: Some strip clubs offer lap dancing, which is a type of sex work that typically involves a female dancer pressing her body against a male customer for a fee.

paragraphs: Strip clubs can be a source of debates in a community. Iceland banned strip clubs for feminist reasons while in Britain there is still discussion about whether they are positive for women.


title: Paul Mantee

paragraphs: Paul Mantee (January 9, 1931 – November 7, 2013) was an American movie and television actor. He was known for his roles in "Cagney & Lacey", "Simon & Simon", "Barnaby Jones", and in "Quincy, M.E.".

paragraphs: Mantee was born Paul Marianetti in San Francisco, California on January 9, 1931. He studied at San Mateo Junior College. Mantee enlisted in the U.S. Navy for four years during the Korean War that made him decide on acting as a career.

paragraphs: He was married to Suzy Davis Mantee. He was formerly married to actress Ann Newman. Mantee died on November 7, 2013 in his Los Angeles, California home from prostate cancer, aged 82.


title: Scott Carpenter

paragraphs: Malcolm Scott Carpenter (May 1, 1925 – October 10, 2013) was an American test pilot, astronaut, and aquanaut. He was one of the original seven astronauts selected for NASA's Project Mercury in April 1959. Carpenter was the second American to orbit the Earth and the fourth American in space, following Alan Shepard, Gus Grissom, and John Glenn.

paragraphs: He was married to feminist columnist Rene Carpenter.

paragraphs: Carpenter had a stroke and entered The Denver Hospice Inpatient Care Center at Lowry, Denver, Colorado where he died on October 10, 2013. He was 88 years old.


title: Regions of the Philippines

paragraphs: In the Philippines, regions (Tagalog: "rehiyon") are administrative divisions that serve primarily to organize the provinces ("lalawigan") of the country for administrative convenience. Most government offices are established by region instead of individual provincial offices, usually (but not always) in the city that is the regional center.

paragraphs: The regions themselves do not possess a separate local government, with the exception of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, which has an elected regional assembly and governor.

paragraphs: The Philippines has 17 administrative regions. Fourteen of these regions are designated with numbers corresponding to their geographic location in order from north to south. The National Capital Region, Cordillera Administrative Region, and Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao do not have numerical designations.

paragraphs: These regions are geographically combined into the three island groups of Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. Following is a list of the regions in their island groupings.

paragraphs: The regions CALABARZON, MIMAROPA, and SOCCSKSARGEN are written with upper case characters because they are acronyms that stand for their component provinces or cities. CALABARZON stands for CAvite, LAguna, BAtangas, Rizal and QueZON; MIMAROPA stands for Occidental and Oriental MIndoro, MArinduque, ROmblon and PAlawan; and SOCCSKSARGEN stands for SOuth Cotabato, Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat, SARangani and GENeral Santos.


title: Luciano Vincenzoni

paragraphs: Luciano Vincenzoni (7 March 1926 – 22 September 2013) was an Italian screenwriter, known as the "script doctor". He wrote for some 65 movies between 1954 and 2000. He is known for his works in "For a Few Dollars More" (1965) and "The Good, the Bad and the Ugly" in 1966, but he also wrote for a number of other Spaghetti westerns.


title: Poseur

paragraphs: Poseur (or poser) is a negative term used by some subcultures. It describes a person who copies the style or mannerisms of a subculture, but who is not considered to belong to it. It implies that the person is fake, and is considered not to share or understand the values or philosophy of that culture.

paragraphs: A person may copy the style of a particular subculture to be accepted within that group or for popularity among various other groups.

paragraphs: The term is often used in the punk, heavy metal, hip hop, and goth subcultures, or the skateboarding and surfing communities. For example, in the hardcore punk scene, older punks may view a young punk with an "anarchy" symbol on their shirt as a poseur if the older punks think the young punk does not understand what the symbol means.


title: Merton College, Oxford

paragraphs: Merton College is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford. It was founded in 1264 by Walter de Merton, who was the Chancellor to Henry III and Edward I. It claims to be the oldest college in Oxford, although Balliol College and University College also claim to be the oldest.

paragraphs: Construction of the college at its present location began in the 1270s. Its buildings are among the oldest in Oxford. Mob Quad at Merton College was built in the 14th Century. It is often said to be the oldest quadrangle at Oxford or Cambridge. Other quadrangles at Oxford and Cambridge, however, may be older.

paragraphs: J.R.R. Tolkien was a professor of English Language and Literature at Merton College.


title: Blunt trauma

paragraphs: Blunt trauma is a kind of trauma that usually results from being hit by something dull and firm (like a car, a fist, or the ground). It is also called blunt force trauma. This is different from penetrating trauma where an object, such as a bullet enters the body.

paragraphs: Common types of blunt force trauma include:

paragraphs: If blunt force trauma is not too severe, it may cause only cuts (lacerations), bruises (contusions), and scrapes (abrasions). However, bad blunt force trauma can cause many serious problems, like:


title: Christopher Koch

paragraphs: Christopher John Koch AO (16 July 1932 – 23 September 2013) was an Australian novelist. He is best known for his 1978 novel "The Year of Living Dangerously", which was made into an award-winning movie.

paragraphs: He won the Miles Franklin Award twice; "The Doubleman" in 1985, and "Highways to a War" in 1996. In 1995 he was made an Officer of the Order of Australia for contribution to Australian literature.

paragraphs: Koch was born in Hobart, Tasmania in 16 July 1932. He was educated at Clemes College, St Virgil's College, Hobart High School and the University of Tasmania.

paragraphs: Koch died at his home in Hobart on 23 September 2013, aged 81. He had been diagnosed with prostate cancer twelve months earlier.


title: Stein Grieg Halvorsen

paragraphs: Halvor Bernt Stein Grieg Halvorsen (19 October 1909 – 11 November 2013) was a Norwegian stage actor.

paragraphs: Halvorsen was born in Oslo, Norway on 19 October 1909. He was married to Elizabeth Thaulow from 1940 until her death in 1968. Then he was married to Vibeke Falk from 1971 until his death in 2013.

paragraphs: His son, Stein Johan Grieg Halvorsen, is half of the comedy duo "Erlend & SteinJo", who rose to fame in the 1990s.

paragraphs: Halvorsen died of natural causes on 11 November 2013 in his Oslo, Norway home. He died three weeks after his 104th birthday.


title: Shirley Mitchell

paragraphs: Shirley Mitchell (November 4, 1919 – November 11, 2013) was an American radio, movie, and television actress. She was known for her role as Marion Strong in "I Love Lucy" in which she appeared in only three episodes.

paragraphs: Mitchell was born in Toledo, Ohio on November 4, 1919. She studied at the University of Toledo and at the University of Michigan. Mitchell was married to Julian Frieden from 1946 until they divorced in 1974. Then she was married to Jay Livingston from 1992 until his death in 2001. She had two children with Frieden. Mitchell died on November 11, 2013 in Westwood, California from natural causes, aged 94.


title: University College, Oxford

paragraphs: University College is one of the colleges of Oxford University. The full name of University College is "The Masters and Fellows of the Great Hall of the University of Oxford". It is commonly called simply "The Univ".

paragraphs: According to legend, the college was founded by Alfred the Great in 872. Most historians agree, however, that the college originated in 1249 from a bequest by William of Durham.The college claims to be the oldest at Oxford. Balliol College and Merton College also claim to be the oldest college in Oxford.

paragraphs: The current buildings of the college were begun in the 17th Century.

paragraphs: Famous former students include British Prime Ministers Clement Atlee and Harold Wilson, American President Bill Clinton, Australian Prime Minister Bob Hawke, authors Percy Bysshe Shelley, C.S. Lewis, and V. S. Naipaul, and physicist Stephen Hawking.

paragraphs: In 1979 The Univ started letting female undergraduate students study there.


title: Al Ruscio

paragraphs: Alfred Ruscio (June 2, 1924 – November 12, 2013) was an American actor who appeared in many television series and movies. He was known for his roles in "Showgirls", "The Godfather Part III", "MacGyver", "The A-Team", and in "Seinfeld".

paragraphs: Ruscio was born on June 2, 1924 in Salem, Massachusetts to Italian parents. He studied at Salem High School and at the Neighborhood Playhouse. Ruscio was married to Kate Williamson from 1954 until his death in 2013. They had four children. Ruscio died on November 12, 2013 in Los Angeles, California from renal failure, aged 89.


title: Grace Jones (supercentenarian)

paragraphs: Grace Adelaide Jones (7 December 1899 – 14 November 2013) was a British supercentenarian, who at the age of 112 years, 342 days,

paragraphs: was the oldest verified living person in the United Kingdom. She was the world's sixth-oldest living person until her death in November 2013. Until her death she was the last known living British person to have been born before 1900.

paragraphs: Jones was born in Bermondsey, London, on 7 December 1899. She never married, but was engaged before her fiancé Albert Rees was killed in World War I at the age of nineteen.

paragraphs: On 14 November 2013, following a fall a few weeks previously, Jones died at St Thomas' Hospital in London. Her death was confirmed by MP Simon Hughes.

paragraphs: On Jones' death, Ethel Lang became the UK's oldest living person.


title: Karla Álvarez

paragraphs: Karla Mercedes Álvarez Báez (15 October 1972 – 15 November 2013) was a Mexican actress. She was best known for her roles including "Maria Mercedes" and "Alma Rebelde" and as a contestant for "Big Brother VIP" in 2003.

paragraphs: Álvarez was born on 15 October 1972 in Mexico City, Mexico. She was married to Alexis Ayala until they divorced. On 15 November 2013, Álvarez was found dead at her apartment in Mexico City due to respiratory failure. She was rumored to have suffered from alcoholism and allegedly had an eating disorder.


title: Harrisburg, South Dakota

paragraphs: Harrisburg is a city in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is in Lincoln County, about three miles south of Sioux Falls. It became a city in 1873, and 4,089 people lived there at the 2010 census.


title: John Y. McCollister

paragraphs: John Yetter McCollister (June 10, 1921 – November 1, 2013) was an American politician. He was a Nebraska Republican politician. He served two terms from 1965 to 1970 as the Douglas County Commissioner.

paragraphs: He was a delegate to the Nebraska State Republican conventions from 1960 to 1970, and delegate to the 1968 Republican National Convention. In 1976, he decided to run instead for U.S. Senate but was unsuccessful, losing to Omaha Mayor Edward Zorinsky by a 53% to 47% margin. He was a presidential elector for Nebraska in 2000.

paragraphs: McCollister was born in Iowa City, Iowa on June 10, 1921. In 1939 he graduated from Washington High School in Sioux Falls, South Dakota and in 1943 he graduated from the University of Iowa in Iowa City.

paragraphs: He was married to Nanette Stokes from 1943 until his death in 2013. McCollister died on November 1, 2013 in Omaha, Nebraska from prostate cancer, aged 92.


title: William J. Coyne

paragraphs: William Joseph Coyne (August 24, 1936 – November 3, 2013) was an American politician. He was a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.

paragraphs: Coyne was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He graduated from Central Catholic High School in 1954, and received a B.S. in accounting from Robert Morris College.

paragraphs: Coyne was elected to Congress in 1980, succeeding 24-year incumbent William S. Moorhead in a district taking in most of Pittsburgh. He was reelected ten times, never facing serious opposition. He was a longtime member of the United States House Committee on Ways and Means

paragraphs: In 2002, Coyne's district was combined with the district of Mike Doyle, a somewhat more moderate Democrat. Although the new district contained more of Coyne's territory than Doyle's, Coyne retired to avoid the possibility of two Democratic incumbents facing each other in the primary elections.

paragraphs: Coyne died at the age of 77 on November 3, 2013, two months after falling and sustaining head injuries in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.


title: Tea, South Dakota

paragraphs: Tea is a city in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is in Lincoln County, about two miles southwest of Sioux Falls. It became a city in 1894, and 3,806 people lived there at the 2010 census.


title: Winner, South Dakota

paragraphs: Winner is a city in the southern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is the county seat of Tripp County, and it also administrates nearby Todd County, which does not have a county seat. It became a city in 1911, and 2,897 people lived there at the 2010 census.


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title: Hartford, South Dakota

paragraphs: Hartford is a city in the eastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is located in Minnehaha County, about ten miles west of Sioux Falls. It became a city in 1878, and 2,534 people lived there at the 2010 census.


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title: Flandreau, South Dakota

paragraphs: Flandreau is a city in the eastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is the county seat of Moody County. It became a city in 1902, and 2,341 people lived there at the 2010 census.


title: Battle of Ellandun

paragraphs: The Battle of Ellandun (also spelled Ellendun) was fought in 825 between the armies of Egbert of Wessex and Beornwulf of Mercia. Although costly to both sides, King Egbert won. The battle effectively brought an end to Mercian in southern England. It gave Wessex over the remaining Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in the south. A century later the kingdom of Wessex became the kingdom of England.

paragraphs: During the 8th century and early 9th centuries, the kings of Mercia exercised varying degrees of overlordship over the kingdoms of south-eastern England. Some even ruled other kingdoms directly. While Wessex had at times been obliged to recognise the power of Mercian kings there was usually a strong resistance to allowing them to directly rule Wessex.

paragraphs: Beorhtric of Wessex (786–802) had probably received help from Offa of Mercia (757–796) in becoming king of Wessex. In 789 he married Eadburh, Offa's daughter. For the remainder of his rule Wessex was subordinate to Mercia. At the time Beorhtric became king, Egbert was also a claimant. Edgar was exiled for a time from Wessex and spent most of his time at the court of Charlemagne. On the death of Beorhtric Egbert returned and succeeded to the throne. At this time Coenwulf of Mercia (796–821) was king and he concluded a peace treaty with Wessex.

paragraphs: In 815 Egbert invaded Cornwall and brought it under his rule. He allowed sub-kings to rule it for him.

paragraphs: Beginning in 825 Egbert began a series of military operations with the intent of increasing his over Wales. At the same time the new king of Mercia, Beornwulf, having had extended his authority over Kent, Essex and Middlesex decided to invade Wessex.

paragraphs: Egbert was in Cornwall with his army when he received word that the Mercians had invaded Wessex. He led his army back into Wessex and met Beornwulf and his army at Ellendun (now Wroughton south of Swindon). In what Frank Stenton called "one of the most decisive battles of Anglo-Saxon history", Egbert defeated Beornwulf. The battle was costly to both sides in loss of life. Henry of Huntingdon said the river ran red with blood. The victory over Mercia shifted the balance of power to Egbert. He was now the most accomplished king in southern England.

paragraphs: Immediately Egbert sent his son Athelwulf with an army to overthrow Baldred, the Mercian sub-king in Kent. As a result, all of Kent, Surrey, Sussex and East Anglia submitted to Egbert. Beornwulf tried to recover East Anglia later the same year and was killed in the attempt. Kent, Surrey and Sussex remained a part of the kingdom of Wessex from this time on. Egbert appointed his son Athelwulf as sub-king of Kent which included all the new territories of Wessex.

paragraphs: In 829 Egbert invaded, then defeated all of Mercia. Wiglaf was exiled. The king of Northumbria submitted to him after the defeat of Mercia. He assumed the title (King of Mercia). This title was also on coins made in the former Mercian port of London. In 830 Wiglaf returned to power in Mercia, but the gains of Kent and southwest England remained with Wessex. Egbert died 4 February 839. He left a territory larger than any other Wessex king since Ine.


title: Extreme Championship Wrestling

paragraphs: Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) was a professional wrestling company that ran from April 25, 1992 to April 4, 2001. The company was known for its hardcore style of wrestling as well as lucha libre to puroresu.

paragraphs: The company was originally known as Eastern Championship Wrestling and was owned by Tod Gordon. It was then renamed Extreme Championship Wrestling and Paul Heyman was brought in as the new owner after Tod Gordon sold ECW to him in 1995. World Wrestling Federation purchased Extreme Championship Wrestling after Heyman filed for bankruptcy on April 4, 2001.

paragraphs: WWE hosted a pay-per-view called ECW One Night Stand on June 12, 2005 which featured ECW alumni. They hosted another ECW One Night Stand on June 11, 2006 which helped introduce the relaunch of the ECW franchise as a WWE brand like Raw and SmackDown. Paul Heyman was also brought back to be the newly appointed figurehead for the ECW brand and recommissioned the ECW World Heavyweight Championship to be the brand's world title. He awarded it to Rob Van Dam after Van Dam won the WWE Championship at the 2006 One Night Stand. The brand operated until February 16, 2010.


title: Trinomen

paragraphs: In zoology, the name that designates a subspecies is called Trinomen. It has three parts: It contains the name of the species and adds a qualifying name.


title: New Centre-Right

paragraphs: New Centre-Right (, NCD) is a political party in Italy.

paragraphs: It was created on 15 November 2013 by Angelino Alfano. It split from Silvio Berlusconi's The People of Freedom party.


title: Pawn shop

paragraphs: A pawn shop (also called a pawnshop or pawnbroker) is a shop or business who loans money to people who bring in valuable items which they leave with the pawnbroker. Examples of items that a person may leave are jewellery, gold, watches, cameras, musical instruments, televisions or computers.

paragraphs: The valuables that people leave are called the "collateral". The person can get their valuable item back from the pawnbroker if they pay back the money they were loaned and pay interest on the loan. Interest is like a fee for getting to use someone else's money for a set time period. If the person who has borrowed money from the pawnbroker does not repay the loan and interest within an agreed-upon time limit, the pawnbroker can sell the valuable item to another customer to get back the money they loaned.

paragraphs: To prevent thieves from using pawnshops as a way to get money from stolen goods, many communities have laws requiring that people who bring in valuable items to the pawnshop have to show identification, such as a driver's licence.


title: The Road Warriors

paragraphs: The Road Warriors were a professional wrestling tag team that competed in many different professional wrestling promotions. They were known for competing in American Wrestling Association, the National Wrestling Alliance, World Championship Wrestling, and World Wrestling Federation. The team's originally member were Road Warrior Hawk and Road Warrior Animal.

paragraphs: They were joined by their manager "Precious" Paul Ellering. Droz joined the team after an angle happened that was based off of Road Warrior Hawk’s real life alcohol and drug issues. The angle even went so far as to fake a suicide jump off the top of the TitanTron. The angle bombed and both members said that they disliked it and left the WWF in 1999. Their last TV appearance as a team was on the May 12, 2003 Raw episode when they faced the then-WWE World Tag Team Champions, Rob Van Dam and Kane. Road Warrior Hawk died on October 19, 2003 from heart attack.

paragraphs: Animal returned to the WWE in 2005 and teamed with Heidenreich. They won the WWE Tag Team Championship after defeating MNM at The Great American Bash on July 24, 2005. Heidenreich became an official member of the LOD on August 18, 2005. They were also manged by Christy Hemme during that time. They lost the tag team titles on the October 28, 2005 edition of SmackDown! to MNM in a Fatal Four-Way tag match that also featured Paul Burchill and William Regal and The Mexicools (Super Crazy and Psicosis).

paragraphs: Heidenreich was released from WWE on January 17, 2006 and Animal was released a few months later.

paragraphs: On April 2, 2011, The Road Warriors along with Paul Ellering were inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame by Dusty Rhodes.


title: Tipping

paragraphs: A tip (also called a gratuity) is an amount of money given as gratitude to somebody who has provided a service. It is normally in addition to any fee that is charged. It is a custom in many societies. For example, after people finish eating dinner at a restaurant, even after they have paid the bill for the food, they leave some extra money on the table to thank the server.

paragraphs: Tipping and the amount of money that people give as tips varies between countries. In some locations tipping is discouraged and considered insulting. In other locations tipping is expected from customers. The tip can be a specific range of money or a percentage of the bill, such as 15 percent or 20 percent. In some circumstances, such as with government workers in some areas, giving tips is against the law. Some restaurants charge a service charge and add it onto the bill. In this case, you do not have to leave a tip. For many service workers, like servers, bartenders, and taxi drivers, tips are an important part of their income.


title: Bass amplifier

paragraphs: Bass instrument amplification is an amplifier used for bass guitars, double bass and similar instruments. It makes the sound they make louder. It is different from other types of amplification systems because it is difficult to reproduce low-frequency sounds (bass). Bass amps need strong loudspeakers, and a relatively larger speaker cabinet. Speaker cabinets for bass instrument amplification usually have larger (or more) loudspeakers than those used for the amplification of other instruments. The loudspeakers themselves must also be sturdier to handle the higher power levels.


title: Norwegian Resistance

paragraphs: During World War II, Norway was occupied by Nazi Germany. The Norwegian Resistance was a rebellion by Norwegians against the invasion and occupation by the Nazis. It lasted from 1940 to 1945. It supported the Norwegian government that was formed outside of the country as the true government of Norway. They discouraged Norwegians from following the pro-Nazi Norwegian government formed by Vidkun Quisling.

paragraphs: The Norwegian Resistance helped the original members of the Norwegian government to escape from Norway. They were lucky that they escaped alive, because the Germans tried to kill them. They managed to get to the coast where a British warship picked them up.

paragraphs: The Norwegian Resistance also carried out armed resistance against the Nazi soldiers. This included sabotage (breaking or destroying things), assassinations, and exploding German ships with bombs. The Norwegian Resistance also did unarmed civil disobedience actions, like protests.


title: Lennox, South Dakota

paragraphs: Lennox is a city in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is located in Lincoln County. It became a city in 1889, and 2,111 people lived there at the 2010 census. And it has the best marching bands in the state.


title: Vidkun Quisling

paragraphs: Vidkun Quisling (18 July 1887 – 24 October 1945) was a Norwegian politician. He was involved in the German invasion of Norway during World War II. On 9 April 1940, with the invasion in progress, he seized power of the country. In 1942 with the help of he Nazis he became Prime Minister.

paragraphs: His government helped the Nazi German government to find Jews, who were then killed. In 1945, when Germany lost the war, Vidkun was put on trial for high treason. He was found guilty, and then executed by firing squad. Today, the name "quisling" is still used as a way of calling someone a traitor.


title: North Sioux City, South Dakota

paragraphs: North Sioux City is a city in the far southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is located in Union County, near the junction of the Missouri River and the Big Sioux River. North Sioux City is near the borders of Iowa and Nebraska, and it is a suburb of Sioux City, Iowa. It became a city in 1951, and 2,530 people lived there at the 2010 census.


title: Hertford College, Oxford

paragraphs: Hertford College is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford. The full name of the college is the Principal, Fellows and Scholars of Hertford College in the University of Oxford. It is best-known for its bridge, called "The Bridge of Sighs".

paragraphs: Hertford was originally known as "Hart Hall". The land for Hart Hall was bought by Elias de Hertford in 1282. Hart Hall was a residence for students at other colleges in Oxford. In 1312, Hart Hall was purchased by Walter de Stapledon, who was the Bishop of Exeter. De Stapledon founded Exeter College and Hart Hall was controlled by Exeter College for many years.

paragraphs: In 1710, William Newton became the Principal of Hart Hall. In 1723, Newton formally proposed that Hart Hall be chartered as its own college. In 1739 a charter was granted for the new Hertford College. After Newton died, however, the college declined, and it was dissolved in 1816.

paragraphs: The grounds of the college was taken over by Magdalene Hall. Magdalene Hall began as a grammar school associated with Magdalene College in 1448. Magdalene Hall moved to the site of the former Hertford College in 1822. It grew at the new site, and in 1874, Magdalene Hall was given a charter as Hertford College. The new name was chosen so that it would not be confused with Magdalene College, and because it was on the location of the former Hertford College.


title: Survivor Series (2012)

paragraphs: Survivor Series (2012) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by WWE. It was held on November 18, 2012 at the Bankers Life Fieldhouse in Indianapolis, Indiana. It was the twenty sixth Survivor Series event held by the WWE.


title: German invasion of Norway

paragraphs: The German invasion of Norway occurred during the Second World War. It led to battles between the Allies and Germany. In April 1940, the United Kingdom and France came to help Norway by sending soldiers and warships. The Allies had to withdraw and the Norwegian government had to escape from Norway and seek exile in London. Even though the Germans occupied Norway, some Norwegians formed the Norwegian resistance and kept fighting the Germans. Norway held off the Germans for 62 days, making Norway the nation that withstood a German invasion for the longest period of time, after the Soviet Union.


title: Sexless marriage

paragraphs: A sexless marriage is a marriage in which the partners do not have sex very often or at all. The U.S. National Health and Social Life Survey in 1994 (Laumann et al. 1994) found that 2 percent of the married people who answered said they did not have sex in the past year. The definition of a sexless marriage is often broadened, to include marriages where sex occurs less than ten times per year. Using this definition, 20 percent of the couples in the National Health and Social Life Survey would be in the category. "Newsweek" magazine says that 15 to 20 percent of couples in the U.S. are in a sexless relationship.


title: Insignificance

paragraphs: Insignificance is a feeling that nothing you do matters, or that you are not important. People may feel this for many reasons. For example, having low self-esteem, being depressed, living in a large city with many people, comparing themselves to rich celebrity success stories, working in a large bureaucracy, or being in awe of a natural wonder.

paragraphs: People living in crowded, major cities may face feelings of insignificance. George Simmel says that when people live in a big city, they may start to feel like "...just another face in the crowd", it can "lead to feelings of insignificance...".


title: Emptiness

paragraphs: Emptiness is a sense of general boredom, feeling socially separated from other people, and feeling that you do not care any more. Feelings of emptiness often accompany depression, loneliness, or despair. A sense of emptiness is also part of a natural process of grief, caused by separation from or the death of somebody you love.

paragraphs: While Christianity and Western sociologists and psychologists consider a state of emptiness as a negative, bad condition, in some Eastern philosophies such as Buddhist philosophy and Taoism, emptiness is seen as a real achievement.


title: Jameela Jamil

paragraphs: Jameela Jamil (born 25 February 1986) is a British television and radio presenter. She hosts "The Official Chart" on BBC Radio 1.

paragraphs: Jamil was born in Hampstead, London to an Indian father and an English mother.

paragraphs: In 2012 the first collection by 'JAM by Jameela Jamil' was released on Very.co.uk.

paragraphs: Jamil played Tahani on "The Good Place", a sitcom that ran from 2016 to 2020. It won a Peabody Award in 2019.


title: Suppressive fire

paragraphs: In the military, suppressive fire (also called "covering fire") is shooting that hinders an enemy force so they cannot fulfill their mission (what they were trying to do). This hindrance usually only works for as long as the machine gun or artillery gun is being shot.


title: Elk Point, South Dakota

paragraphs: Elk Point is a city in the far southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is the county seat of Union County, and 1,963 people lived there at the 2010 census. Elk Point became a city in 1873.


title: Primarily Obsessional OCD

paragraphs: Primarily Obsessional Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (also called Purely Obsessional OCD) is a lesser-known form of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). For people with primarily obsessional OCD, there are less easy-to-see compulsions, compared to the compulsions that people with regular OCD have (like checking, counting, hand-washing). While people with Primarily Obsessional OCD may do rituals, they mostly take place in their mind. Primarily obsessional OCD often takes the form of horrific thoughts that pop into the person's head. These thoughts may be scary or violent.


title: Tel Aviv Bauhaus Center

paragraphs: The Bauhaus Center is a gallery, shop and information center for the Bauhaus (modernist) architecture of Tel Aviv. It is a private institution, working together with public organizations such as Tel Aviv City Hall and UNESCO. It is located at 77 Dizengoff Street in the White City of Tel Aviv area.


title: Worthing, South Dakota

paragraphs: Worthing is a city in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is in Lincoln County, about ten miles south of Sioux Falls. It became a city in 1879, and 877 people lived there at the 2010 census. Since 2010, Worthing has been the home of the LifeLight Music Festival, the largest free music festival in the world.


title: Carla Bruni

paragraphs: Carla Bruni, now known by her name of use Carla Bruni-Sarkozy (born Carla Gilberta Bruni Tedeschi; 23 December 1967 in Turin, Italy) is an Italian-French singer, songwriter and former model. From 2008 to 2012, Bruni was the First Lady of France.

paragraphs: She married then President of the French Republic Nicolas Sarkozy in February 2008. They have one child.


title: M4 carbine

paragraphs: The M4 carbine is a type of carbine used in the military. A carbine is a shorter, lighter type of rifle. It was based on the M16 rifle.

paragraphs: The M4 is a gas-operated, shoulder-fired weapon. The cartridges are fed into the gun with a magazine, which is a rectangular box that holds the cartridges. It has a stock that can be extended or pushed in and a 14.5 in (370 mm) barrel to make it easier for soldiers to use the weapon in confined spaces. Like the other rifles in the M16 family, it fires the .223 caliber, or 5.56mm NATO round.

paragraphs: The M4 can be fired in two ways, either semi-automatic (which fires one bullet when the trigger is pulled) and three-round burst (which fires three bullets very quickly when the trigger is pulled). The M4A1 can fire fully automatic instead of three-round burst. The carbine can have an M203 grenade as well as the newer M320 grenade launcher mounted on it. The M4 can be fitted with many accessories, such as night vision devices, silencers, laser pointers, telescopic sights, bipods, a shotgun, and forward hand grips.

paragraphs: The United States Marine Corps has ordered its officers (up to the rank of lieutenant colonel) and staff non-commissioned officers to carry the M4 carbine instead of the M9 pistol. The M4 is also widely used by police officers.

paragraphs: The plastic pistol was developed and produced for the United States government by Colt Firearms, which had an exclusive contract to produce the M4 family of weapons through 2009. Colt previously held a U.S. trademark on the term "M4".

paragraphs: Other manufacturers offer M4-like firearms. Many manufacturers have production firearms that are essentially identical to a military M4, but with a 16" barrel. Civilian models are sometimes colloquially referred to as "M4gery", a portmanteau word from "M4" and "forgery".

paragraphs: Colt said it held sole rights to the M4 name and design. Other manufacturers said that Colt was overstating its rights, and that "M4" was now a generic term for a shortened AR-15. On December 8, 2005, a District court judge ruled that "M4" "was" now a generic name, and that Colt's trademark should be revoked.


title: Montrose, South Dakota

paragraphs: Montrose is a city in the eastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is located in McCook County, and 472 people lived there at the 2010 census. Montrose became a city in 1880.


title: Derek Walcott

paragraphs: Derek Alton Walcott, OBE OCC (23 January 1930 – 17 March 2017) was a Saint Lucian poet and playwright. He was awarded the 1992 Nobel Prize in Literature. He served as Professor of poetry at the University of Essex until his death in 2017.

paragraphs: His works include the Homeric epic poem, "Omeros" (1990). In besides to having won the Nobel, Walcott has won many literary awards over the course of his career including an Obie Award in 1971 for his play "Dream on Monkey Mountain", a MacArthur Foundation "genius" award, a Royal Society of Literature Award, the Queen's Medal for Poetry, and the 2011 T. S. Eliot Prize for his book of poetry, "White Egrets".

paragraphs: Walcott was born on 23 January 1930 in Castries, Saint Lucia.

paragraphs: Walcott died at his home in St. Lucia on 17 March 2017. He was 87.


title: Colton, South Dakota

paragraphs: Colton is a city in the eastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is located in Minnehaha County, and 687 people lived there at the 2010 census. Colton became a city in 1904.


title: Humboldt, South Dakota

paragraphs: Humboldt is a town in the eastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is located in Minnehaha County, and 589 people lived there at the 2010 census. Humboldt became a town in 1891.


title: JW-Jones

paragraphs: JW-Jones (born July 15, 1980 in Ottawa) is a Canadian blues guitarist, singer and songwriter. Jones was the first artist signed to the NorthernBlues Music label in Toronto. He released his first six recordings with the label. He still records for CrossCut Records in Europe, and has previously worked with Ruf Records in United States. In the last decade, he has released seven albums and played in 19 countries, four continents. He continues to tour extensively. Jones lives who lives in Ottawa, Ontario. He has performed at blues festivals, theatres and clubs in Canada, the United States, Europe, Russia, Australia, and Brazil.

paragraphs: Jones' third album with his band, "My Kind Of Evil" (2004), was produced by Kim Wilson (singer for The Fabulous Thunderbirds). It includes vocals from Colin James on two tracks, and Roxanne Potvin on one. Songs from the album have been played on House of Blues Radio Hour. Music reviewer Brad Wheeler from Canada's "Globe and Mail" newspaper praised the "graceful ability he (Jones) shows on guitar" in the album. Wheeler stated that "...the Ottawa player makes retro moves, layering swinging blues with keyboards and very noticeable horns that never dominate the fine-lined fills and lead work." The Allmusic review of "My Kind of Evil", by Chris Nickson, states that "He's very good on covers, such as "I Don't Know", but his own songs — the vast majority of this disc — have plenty of life."

paragraphs: In May 2009, Jones' song "Parasomnia" appeared on a "Guitar World" featured CD, "Guitar Masters Vol. 2". Other artists on the CD were B. B. King, Jimmy Page, Jeff Beck, and Carlos Santana. The "Globe and Mail" referred to Jones as "one of this country's top blues guitar stars". The "Blues Revue Magazine" stated that Jones' guitar playing is like T-Bone Walker's guitar playing. The review said that JW-Jones plays solo melodies like Johnny "Guitar" Watson, and that his guitar playing is like Clarence "Gatemouth" Brown. "Billboard" called Jones part of "a new wave of young talent moving onto Canada’s blues stage."


title: Parker, South Dakota

paragraphs: Parker is a city in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is the county seat of Turner County, and 1,022 people lived there at the 2010 census. Parker became a city in 1883.


title: Freeman, South Dakota

paragraphs: Freeman is a city in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is located in Hutchinson County, and 1,306 people lived there at the 2010 census. Freeman became a city in 1893.


title: Midterm exam

paragraphs: A midterm exam is a test given around the middle of a term in schools.

paragraphs: Midterm exams can be given for several reasons. First, it allows a student to see if they need to change how they study for the class (if they do not do well on the exam) or if they should continue to study the same way for the rest of the term (if they do well). This tells a student who does not do well that they should drop the class. Many colleges stop allowing students to drop a class a week or two after the first midterm exam. Midterm exams can also show how well a teacher is doing in teaching their class. Some teachers give more than one midterm exam.


title: Survivor Series (2010)

paragraphs: Survivor Series (2010) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was held on November 21, 2010 at the American Airlines Arena in Miami, Florida. It was the twenty fourth Survivor Series event held by the WWE.


title: Big Brother 8 (UK)

paragraphs: Big Brother 2007 (or Big Brother 8) was the eighth series of the British reality television series "Big Brother". It was shown on Channel 4. Some other, related programmes were shown on E4. The series was hosted by Davina McCall. It began on 30 May 2007, and ended 94 days later on 31 August 2007. Ratings for this series were very low compared to other series.

paragraphs: On the first night of the show, all the housemates who entered were female. Male housemates were sent in later, at intervals over the first two weeks. Another five housemates (three females, and two males) entered the house on the 59th day. In total, there were 22 housemates in total in this series of "Big Brother".

paragraphs: The series was eventually won by housemate Brian Belo. He won £100,000.


title: Hide (unit)

paragraphs: The hide was a unit of land measurement. Everywhere in Anglo-Saxon England except Kent it was the land held by a peasant and his family. Originally it was the amount of land necessary to support one household. The amount of land that made up one hide would vary from one part of Britain to another. This was because the quality of soil for growing food would be different. In places where the soil was very rich, a hide of land would be smaller. Where the soil was poor the hide would be larger. It was never a standard using fixed measurements. Later in Anglo-Saxon England a hide became a unit on which to base payment of or tax. The hide was also used to determine public obligations. This could be defending the local castle or providing soldiers for the local . Tenants paid rent based on how many hides they farmed.


title: Niggers in the White House

paragraphs: "Niggers in the White House" was a racist poem that first appeared in many American newspapers between 1901 and 1903. The author wrote it because he did not like Booker T. Washington, an African-American political leader, teacher and author, attending a dinner at the White House. Washington had been invited by President Theodore Roosevelt, who was white. Many years later, in 1929, the poem appeared again. This was after African-American congressman Oscar DePriest's wife went to a tea for congressional wives at the White House. She had been invited by First Lady Lou Hoover. Many white people, especially in the Southern United States, did not like either visit. They held the opinion then that African-American people should not be involved in government affairs.

paragraphs: The poem has fourteen stanzas. Each stanza has four lines. The second and fourth line of each stanza rhymes. The bad word "nigger" is seen many times in the poem. Nobody knows who wrote it.

paragraphs: Booker T. Washington was an African American born into slavery. He was freed in 1865 and rose to become an educator and a national leader of African Americans. On October 16, 1901, President Theodore Roosevelt asked Washington to have dinner with his family at the White House. It was a working dinner, Roosevelt's intention was to appoint Washington to advise him on issues of race. A family friend from Colorado, Philip Stewart was also there. A reporter from the AP Wire asked the president about his appointments he was going to announce the next day. But the story that appeared in the AP wire read: "Booker T. Washington, of Tuskegee, Alabala, dined with the President last evening." This caused some shock among many white people. The President of the United States had sat down to dinner with a black man, a former slave at that. African Americans had visited the White House before but had never been asked to dine there. Washington had dined with President McKinley previously which also caused an uproar at that time. This time segregationalists in the U.S. Congress were outraged. Senator "Pitchfork" Bill Tillman of South Carolina said, "The action will necessitate our killing a thousand niggers in the South before they will learn their place again."

paragraphs: After this, somebody decided to write the poem, "Niggers in the White House". No one knows who the author was.

paragraphs: Many years later, in 1929, First Lady Lou Hoover, wife of president Herbert Hoover, invited Congressional wife Jessie DePriest to join her for tea. She was a black woman married to Oscar DePriest, the first African American to be elected to Congress from Illinois. People were also upset about this. The poem appeared again because of this incident. Southern newspapers and racist critics reacted with their normal outrage and letters of protest. The White House spokesman pointed out the president and his wife were simply doing their constitutional duties. As examples President Grover Cleveland had hosted Frederick Douglass and his wife On five separate occasions president Woodrow Wilson met at the White House with the black minister from Haiti, Solon Menos.

paragraphs: Politicians took sides. Senator Coleman Blease from South Carolina inserted the poem in a Senate resolution. The resolution with its poem were rejected and removed from the "Congressional Record." The vote was based on protests from senators Walter Edge (from New Jersey) and Hiram Bingham (from Connecticut). Senator Bingham described the poem as "indecent, obscene doggerel verse" which gave "offense to hundreds of thousands of our fellow citizens and an offense to the Declaration of Independence and our Constitution." Senator Baise then agreed to withdraw the resolution he said, as a favor to Senator Bingham and not to the negro race.


title: Titanium alloy

paragraphs: Titanium alloys are metals which contain a mixture of titanium and other chemical elements. They have very high tensile strength and toughness. They are light in weight, resist corrosion very strongly and can withstand extreme temperatures.

paragraphs: However, the cost of both raw materials and processing is very high. Therefore, their use is limited to military applications, aircraft, spacecraft, medical devices, connecting rods on expensive sports cars and some high quality sports equipment and consumer electronics.


title: Carbine

paragraphs: A carbine is a lighter, shorter type of rifle. The smaller size and lighter weight of carbines makes them easier to handle. They are often issued to high-mobility troops such as special-ops soldiers and paratroopers. Also they can be used by mounted or other non-infantry personnel who do not need full-sized rifles.

paragraphs: The U.S. M4 carbine is a classic example. Continuous-fire versions may also be described as submachine guns


title: Monty Brown

paragraphs: Monty Brown (born April 13, 1970) is a retired American professional wrestler and American football linebacker. He is best known for working with World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) under the ring name Marcus Cor Von. He wrestled on their ECW brand. He also worked for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling from 2002 to 2006.

paragraphs: Before becoming a professional wrestler, Brown played football at Ferris State University. He graduated and was picked up by the Buffalo Bills. He played 3 seasons with the Bills including Super Bowl XXVIII in 1994. He then played a season with the New England Patriots before retiring because of an ankle injury and to train to become a professional wrestler.


title: Ingrid Newkirk

paragraphs: Ingrid Newkirk (born June 11, 1949) is an animal rights activist. She started People For the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) in 1980 with Alex Pacheco. It is the world's biggest animal rights organization. In 2007 HBO showed a documentary called "I Am an Animal: The Story of Ingrid Newkirk and PETA".

paragraphs: In 2010 Jezebel called Newkirk 'The Worst Person in the World'.


title: Body armour

paragraphs: Modern body armour (personal armour/armor or body armor) is protective clothing. It is designed to absorb and/or deflect slashing, bludgeoning, and penetrating attacks.

paragraphs: It was first used to protect soldiers, today it is used to protect riot police, private security guards and bodyguards. There are two different types of armour. There is regular non-plated personal armor used by most police, security guards and bodyguards. There is also hard-plate reinforced personal armor, which is used by combat soldiers, police tactical units and hostage rescue teams.

paragraphs: Armour is certainly very ancient, but it was little used in infantry warfare for quite a long time, with the exception of helmets. From about the 18th century to the Vietnam war, men fought relatively unprotected. The weight and cost of effective armour meant it was no longer practical to have infantrymen armoured.

paragraphs: The invention of carbon fibre, modern hard ceramics and various plastic compounds are suitable for light armour which is effective in many circumstances. Kevlar, Technora and Nomex are Aramids, which are long-chain aromatic polyamides. They are used to make bullet resistant vests and bullet resistant face masks. The PASGT helmet and vest used by United States military forces since the early 1980s both have Kevlar as a main component, as do their replacements. Most of these items have padding on the inside to act as shock-absorbers, and to increase comfort during while being worn.

paragraphs: So, with the lighter weight and increased stopping-power of personal armour, the modern soldier is once again protected against most of the weapons of the day.

paragraphs: In December 2009, during the War in Afghanistan, a British soldier in southern Helmand Province, survived a shot to the back during an operation to clear insurgents from a village, protected by the body armor kit he was wearing.