title: Sandal (footwear)

paragraphs: Sandals are an open type of footwear, consisting of a sole held to the wearer's foot by straps or thongs passing over the instep and around the ankle. While the distinction between sandals and other types of footwear can sometimes be blurry (as in the case of "huaraches"—the woven leather footwear seen in Mexico), the common understanding is that a sandal reveals most or all of the foot (especially the toes) to view. People may choose to wear sandals for several reasons, among them economy (sandals tend to require less material than shoes), comfort in warm weather, and (especially for women) for reasons of fashion and attractiveness.

paragraphs: Usually, sandals are worn in warmer climates or during warmer parts of the year, because feet stay cool and dry. The chances of getting a fungal infection on the feet (athlete's foot) is lower than with wearing an enclosed shoe but also really high, and wearing sandals may be part of treatment for a fungal foot infection. Wearing sandals with socks is considered by many to be a faux pas.


title: Ginga: Nagareboshi Gin

paragraphs: Ginga: Nagareboshi Gin is a manga and anime series that ran from 1983 to 1986. It was created by manga author Yoshihiro Takahashi. The main character is an Akita Inu dog called "Gin" (which is Japanese for "silver"). It was released in Korea, Finland, Sweden, Hungary, Norway and China. It is mostly popular in its country of origin, Japan, as well as Finland and the United States.

paragraphs: The story tells of Gin, a tiger-striped Akita Inu who is born and is trained harshly by a dog-trainer called Gohei Takeda (nickname is "Jii-Sama") to become a bear-dog because it is believed tiger-striped Akita Inus are the best to kill bears. A large monstrous bear called Akakabuto (Japanese for "red helmet") terrorizises Gin's hometown for several years.

paragraphs: While with his owner, a 12-year-old boy named Daisuke, Gin stumbles upon some wild dogs, and wants to join them, but he is stopped. Later, Gin finds them again and realizes their aim is to fight against and defeat the bear Akakabuto.

paragraphs: Gin's father, Riki, is a favourite of Gohei Takeda. He does not remember his son Gin due to amnesia, which he got from a battle with Akakabuto.


title: Beetlejuice (TV series)

paragraphs: Beetlejuice is an American fantasy-comedy-horror television series. It is about a teenage goth girl named Lydia who does not like her school peers and from nowhere a ghost, named Beetlejuice, appears. It aired from 1989-1992.


title: Province of Agrigento

paragraphs: Agrigento is a province in the autonomous region of Sicily in Italy.


title: Province of Caltanissetta

paragraphs: Caltanissetta is a province in the autonomous region of Sicily in Italy.


title: Province of Catania

paragraphs: Catania is a province in the autonomous region Sicily in Italy.


title: Province of Enna

paragraphs: Enna is a province in the autonomous region of Sicily in Italy. It is the only Sicilian province which is not next to the ocean. It became a province in 1926 thanks to Benito Mussolini, who was fascinated by the history of the province, and in particular by the legend of Proserpina. In the province there are 8 lakes, the most important is Pergusa's lake which is the only natural lake of the Sicily; the other lakes are used for the agriculture.


title: Province of Messina

paragraphs: Messina (; ) is a province in the autonomous region of Sicily.


title: Province of Palermo

paragraphs: Palermo is a province in the autonomous region of Sicily in Italy.


title: Province of Ragusa

paragraphs: Ragusa is a province in the autonomous region of Sicily, Italy.


title: Patrick Stewart

paragraphs: Sir Patrick Stewart, (born 13 July 1940) is an English actor. He served as Chancellor of University of Huddersfield from 2004 to 2015. He is a Shakespearian actor who spent 16 years with the Royal Shakespeare Company, but is most famous for playing Jean-Luc Picard on . He also played Professor Xavier in the X-Men movies and voiced Avery Bullock in the animated series "American Dad!". He was given a knighthood by Queen Elizabeth II in her New Years Honours at the start of 2010, and became "Sir Patrick".

paragraphs: He was immortalized outside the Chinese Theatre on January 13, 2020.


title: Province of Syracuse

paragraphs: Syracuse is a province in the autonomous region of Sicily in Italy. It is well known for its manny archaeological sites and the island of Ortygia.


title: Province of Trapani

paragraphs: Trapani is a province in the autonomous region of Sicily in Italy.


title: Province of Cagliari

paragraphs: Cagliari (; ) is a province in the autonomous island region of Sardinia in Italy. Its capital is the city of Cagliari.

paragraphs: It is the largest province of Sardinia with an area of . It has a total population of 551,077 (2012) and a population density of inhabitants/km².

paragraphs: There are 71 "comuni" (singular: "comune") in the province. As of 31 December 2012, the 20 "comuni" with the largest population were:


title: Province of Carbonia-Iglesias

paragraphs: Carbonia-Iglesias is a province in the autonomous region of Sardinia, Italy.


title: Andy Abraham

paragraphs: Andy Abraham (born 17 July 1964, London) is a British singer-songwriter. He is best known for finishing second in the 2005 series of "The X Factor" in the United Kingdom.

paragraphs: Abraham was the representative for the United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 2008 with the song "Even If". He became the second UK act ever to come in last place in Eurovision.


title: Seahorse

paragraphs: Seahorses are a type of teleost fish. They are in the genus Hippocampus. They are called 'seahorses' because their head looks like a horse's head. There are about 32–48 species of seahorse. Seahorses live in tropical oceans.

paragraphs: Seahorses are unique because the male hatches the eggs in a pouch on his belly. The female inserts her ovipositor into the male’s brood pouch. She places dozens to thousands of eggs in the pouch. As the female releases her eggs, her body slims while his swells. The male releases his sperm directly into the water. The sperm then fertilize the eggs in the pouch. The fertilised eggs are then embedded in the pouch wall. They get nutrition and oxygen from the fluid in the pouch. In the pouch, the salinity of the water is controlled. This prepares the newborns for life in the sea.

paragraphs: Both animals then sink back into the seagrass and she swims away. The eggs then hatch

paragraphs: Throughout gestation, which in most species requires two to four weeks, his mate visits him daily for 'morning greetings'. They interact for about 6 minutes. The female then swims away until the next morning, and the male vacuums up food through his snout.

paragraphs: Research published in 2007 shows that the males release sperm into the surrounding sea water during fertilization, and not directly into the pouch as previously thought.

paragraphs: The number of young released by the male seahorse averages 100-200 for most species, but may be as low as 5 for the smaller species, or as high as 1,500.

paragraphs: When the fry are ready to be born, the male expels them with muscular contractions. He gives birth at night and is ready for the next batch of eggs by morning when his mate returns.

paragraphs: Like almost all other fish species, seahorses do not take care of their young after birth. Infants are susceptible to predators or ocean currents which wash them away from feeding grounds or into temperatures too extreme for their bodies. Fewer than 0.5% of infants survive to adulthood. This is why litters are so large. These survival rates are actually fairly high compared to other fish, because of their protected gestation. This makes the process worth the cost to the father. The eggs of most other fish are abandoned immediately after fertilization.

paragraphs: Seahorses are the only fish that experience true male pregnancy.


title: Latvian lats

paragraphs: The Latvian lats (plural "lati") was the currency used in Latvia in 1922—1940 and in 1993—2013.

paragraphs: It is shortened as "Ls" and was divided into 100 "santīmi"

paragraphs: On 1 January 2014, Latvian lats was replaced by the euro. The lats could be used for two weeks alongside euros after the currency was replaced.


title: Parts of speech

paragraphs: Parts of speech are types of word in grammar. There are many different word : they are called 'lexical categories'. The most common are these:

paragraphs: Verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs, and interjections are called open classes because they are parts of speech that can easily add new words. On the other hand, pronouns, prepositions, and conjunctions are closed classes because new words cannot be added easily. For example, since pronouns are a closed class, there are fairly few pronouns: I, me, my, mine, myself, you, your, yours, yourself, he, him, his, his, himself, she, her, her, hers, herself, it, it, its, its, itself, we, us, our, ours, ourselves, they, them, their, theirs, themselves. Since pronouns are used to replace whole noun phrases, there is no need to have many kinds of pronouns. Instead of saying "The Earl of Sandwich introduced the Earl of Sandwich's favorite food, the sandwich", one uses the pronoun "his" to replace "the Earl of Sandwich's" to make the sentence not repeat itself when it doesn't have to, thus the sentence becomes "The Earl of Sandwich introduced his favorite food, the sandwich". New nouns, on the other hand, can easily be made, and are constantly being added into the English language.


title: The Plague Dogs

paragraphs: The Plague Dogs is a 1977 novel written by Richard Adams, who is famous for his well-known and best-selling novel, "Watership Down". Like "Watership Down", "The Plague Dogs" was made into a movie by Nepenthe Productions in 1982. It eventually got taken out of the cinema because very few people would come and see it.

paragraphs: The story is about two dogs, Rowf and Snitter. Rowf is a Labrador-mix and Snitter is a Smooth fox terrier. The two live in a testing laboratory called ARSE (Animal Research Scientific and Experimental). The two dogs escape out of the laborotory into the Lake District, where the story is set, where they find the cunning Tod, a fox living there. After misadventures upon the fells, the two are later hunted down by sheep farmers and the army, because it is believed that they have the bubonic plague.

paragraphs: Rowf: Rowf is a black Labrador-mix. He is gruff and thinks all humans are bad. He disapproves of the Tod and believes Snitter is mad. He has a fear of water and tries not to go near it or into it.

paragraphs: Snitter: A smooth fox terrier. In ARSE he had brain surgery and his conscious and sub-conscious mind make him dream when he is a awake and vice versa. He misses his master who got hit by a lorry. And is always on the search for a new master. He, unlike Rowf, approves of the Tod.

paragraphs: The Tod: A cunning fox who lives on the fells of the Lake District. He helps Rowf and Snitter survive out in the wild.

paragraphs: Dr. Boycott: Dr. Boycott is one of the people who works at ARSE. He is a rather ruthless fellow and appears calm in every event that comes up.

paragraphs: Harry Tyson: The caretaker of ARSE who cleans the tanks and feeds the dogs and other animals. He used to be a sailor, then a farmer, then ended up in ARSE. He is kind to the animals despite working in a cruel place.

paragraphs: Stephen Powell: A man who works at ARSE. He is a rather nervous man and is always questioning his "chief" Dr. Boycott.

paragraphs: Adam Wood: Snitter's master. He supposedly died when he saved Snitter from an oncoming lorry. In the book he does not die; he gets a broken leg and concussion, but in the film it is implied that he is dead because he does not appear at all except in memory.

paragraphs: The Sheepdogs: Two minor characters called Don and Wag. They are angry at Rowf and Snitter when they try to "impress" the sheepdogs' master by "herding sheep" (which is really chasing them around and barking, scaring them).

paragraphs: There is a cut version and an uncut version. The uncut version is about 103 minutes long. The cut version is about 86 minutes long. The cut version had many scenes cut from it, most of them were done to make the film shorter, but there was one scene removed because of the bloody image of a dead man ripped to pieces by the hungry dogs (they ate him).

paragraphs: However one bloody scene was not cut from the cut version. It showed Snitter being called by a man with a gun. Snitter accidentally stepped on the trigger, making it go off in the man's face, while holding onto his face he falls down dead, Snitter runs off frightened. That was still in the cut version despite it being a shocking and somewhat disturbing scene.


title: House (TV series)

paragraphs: House is an American medical television drama. It was created by David Shore in 2004 and aired on FOX from 2004-2012. "House" M.D. has fans all over the world. It is set at the fictional Princeton-Plainsboro Teaching Hospital in New Jersey. The show's main character, Doctor Gregory House, is a grumpy, sarcastic man who hates having to deal with his patients. Even though he spends a lot of his time insulting his patients and co-workers, or watching TV in his office, Dr. House almost always manages to cure his patients with his great medical intelligence.

paragraphs: Nearly all episodes of "House" follow the same pattern: we see the events that come before the patient being taken to the hospital, then House and his colleagues spend a lot of time doing tests and coming up with different ideas for what the problem is. At the very end, House comes up with the answer, generally through epiphanies, and usually the patient recovers.


title: Province of Medio Campidano

paragraphs: Medio Campidano is a province in the autonomous region of Sardinia in Italy.


title: Province of Nuoro

paragraphs: Nuoro is a province in the autonomous region of Sardinia in Italy.


title: Province of Ogliastra

paragraphs: Ogliastra is a province in the autonomous region of Sardinia in Italy.


title: Province of Olbia-Tempio

paragraphs: Olbia-Tempio is a province in the autonomous region of Sardinia in Italy.


title: Province of Oristano

paragraphs: Oristano is a province in the autonomous region of Sardinia in Italy.


title: Province of Sassari

paragraphs: Sassari is a province in the autonomous region of Sardinia in Italy.


title: Lost cities

paragraphs: A lost city is a city that was normal once but, for some reason, became not lived in any more and forgotten about. Many of these cities are called ghost towns.

paragraphs: "incomplete list – for further information, see Maya civilization"


title: Popol Vuh (German band)

paragraphs: Popol Vuh was a German Krautrock band that was founded by pianist and keyboardist Florian Fricke in 1970 together with Holger Trulzsch (percussion) and Frank Fiedler (electronics).

paragraphs: Other important members during the next two decades included Daniel Fichelscher and Robert Eliscu. The band took its name from the Popol Vuh, a manuscript containing the mythology of the Post-Classic Quiché Maya kingdom of highland Guatemala.

paragraphs: The first album, "Affenstunde", released in 1970, can be regarded as one of the earliest Ambient music, space music or New Age music works, featuring the then new sounds of the Moog synthesizer together with ethnic percussion.


title: Franchising

paragraphs: Franchising is a business method that involves the licensing of trademarks and methods of doing business. That can be chain stores, which are retail outlets which share a brand and central management, but also an exclusive right to sell branded merchandise. A similar case is a media franchise, the ownership of the characters and setting of a movie, video game, book, or toys etc., particularly in North American usage. Examples include Pokémon, Harry Potter or Barbie.


title: Province of Alessandria

paragraphs: Alessandria is a province in the region of Piedmont, Italy.


title: Province of Asti

paragraphs: Asti is a province in the region of Piedmont, Italy.


title: Province of Biella

paragraphs: Biella is a province in the region of Piedmont, Italy.


title: Province of Cuneo

paragraphs: Cuneo is a province in the region of Piedmont, Italy.


title: Province of Novara

paragraphs: Novara is a province in the region of Piedmont, Italy.


title: Province of Turin

paragraphs: Turin (or Torino) is a province in the region of Piedmont, Italy.


title: Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola

paragraphs: Verbano-Cusio-Ossola is a province in the region of Piedmont, Italy.


title: Province of Vercelli

paragraphs: Vercelli is a province in the region of Piedmont, Italy.


title: Province of Campobasso

paragraphs: Campobasso is a province in the region of Molise, Italy.


title: Province of Isernia

paragraphs: Isernia is a province in the region of Molise, Italy.


title: Province of Ancona

paragraphs: The province of Ancona () is a province in the Marche region of Central Italy. Its capital is the city of Ancona, and the province borders the Adriatic Sea. The city of Ancona is also the capital of Marche.

paragraphs: Ancona has an area of . The province is bordered to the northeast and east by the Adriatic Sea, to the northwest by the province of Pesaro and Urbino, to the west with Umbria (province of Perugia) and to the south with the province of Macerata.

paragraphs: The main rivers in the province, from north to south, areː

paragraphs: The highest point in the province is "Serra Santa-Cima Nord",() in the Apennines; it is high.

paragraphs: There are 474,124 persons living in the province (1 January 2017), for a population density of inhabitants/km².

paragraphs: There are 47 municipalities (or "comuni") in the province; they are:

paragraphs: The largest "comune" is Fabriano, with and the smallest is Concamarise, with . Only two "comuni" have less than 1,000 inhabitants (2017)ː San Paolo di Jesi with 912 inhabitants, and Poggio San Marcello with 685 inhabitants.

paragraphs: The following table shows the 10 "comuni" with more inhabitants with their population, and their area and altitude.


title: Cannon

paragraphs: A cannon is a type of artillery, or large gun. They are made with a large tube called "barrel", and shoot projectiles. Cannons were first made in China, and were used with another Chinese invention, gunpowder. The gunpowder was put at the back of the tube, and the projectile, usually a cannonball, was placed in front. The gunpowder was set on fire, and would explode. This pushed the cannonball out the front of the tube towards the enemy. Howitzers and mortars are similar to cannons but they have shorter barrels and shoot the balls higher.

paragraphs: Modern guns that can shoot many big projectiles quickly and automatically are called autocannons.


title: Province of Macerata

paragraphs: The Province of Macerata () is a province in the region of Marche in Italy. Its capital is the city of Macerata.

paragraphs: Macerata is the largest of provinces of the Marche, with an area of . The province is bordered to the east by the Adriatic Sea and to the west by the Umbria region (Province of Perugia). It is the only province of the Marche that borders with other three provinces of the same regionː the Ancona to the north, Ascoli Piceno to the southwest and the Fermo to the south.

paragraphs: There are 318,921 persons living in the province (1 January 2017), for a population density of inhabitants/km².

paragraphs: There are 55 municipalities (or "comuni") in the province; they are:

paragraphs: The largest "comune" is San Severino Marche, with and the smallest is Camporotondo di Fiastrone, with . The two "Comune|comuni" with fewest people living in it are Bolognola, with 137 inhabitants, and Monte Cavallo, with 133 inhabitants.


title: Induction

paragraphs: In philosophy, logic, and computer science:


Deduction


title: Steven Cherundolo

paragraphs: Steven Cherundolo (born February 19, 1979 in Rockford, Illinois) is an American soccer player. He has played most of career (until 2008) for the German football club Hannover 96. Cherundolo plays on the position of a defender.

paragraphs: Before he came to Hannover, Cherundolo played from 1997 to 1998 in an American college soccer league for the University of Portland.

paragraphs: In his first season for Hannover 96, 1998-99, he made four matches in the team which played in the 2nd German league (2. Bundesliga). In the following season, Cherundolo was in the team most of the time, but he had a bad knee injury. He came back during the 2000-01 season and made 18 matches. In the following season, he made 33 of 34 matches and has been a start member of the team most of the time until 2008.

paragraphs: In 2002 he got up to the 1st league with his club and played the following seasons in the 1st German league (1. Bundesliga). All together Cherundolo made 250 matches for Hannover 96 from 1999 to 2008, scoring six goals.

paragraphs: Cherundolo made his first match for the United States national team against Jamaica on 8th September 1999. Until 2008 he has made 44 matches for his national team, scoring two goals.


title: WrestleMania XXV

paragraphs: WrestleMania XXV (or The 25th Anniversary of WrestleMania or WrestleMania 25), was the twenty-fifth yearly WrestleMania professional wrestling Pay-per-view produced by World Wrestling Entertainment and took place on April 5, 2009 at Reliant Stadium in Houston, Texas. It was the second WrestleMania held in the state of Texas, with the first being WrestleMania X-Seven, at the Reliant Astrodome, also in Houston, which was held in 2001. The tagline for the event was ""Everything is bigger in Texas, especially WrestleMania"." "Cowboy" by Kid Rock was used in the first promotional advertisement for the event. While WWE calls it the 25th Anniversary, it is only the 24th anniversary as WrestleMania I cannot be an anniversary of itself.

paragraphs: It was announced on January 30, 2009 that "War Machine" and "Shoot to Thrill", both by AC/DC, would be the theme songs for WrestleMania.

paragraphs: Since 1993, the winner of the yearly Royal Rumble match at the event of the PPV has won the opportunity to wrestle for a World Championship at WrestleMania. The only Royal Rumble winners since 1993 that did not wrestle for a championship at WrestleMania are Steve Austin in 1997, and Vince McMahon in 1999. Randy Orton won the match in 2009 and will wrestle for a championship at WrestleMania XXV.

paragraphs: On the February 16 edition of "Raw", Shawn Michaels challenged John "Bradshaw" Layfield to a match the following week for the right to face Undertaker at WrestleMania. Shawn won this match but was then forced to face Vladimir Kozlov for the right to face Undertaker at WrestleMania. Shawn won this match and will face The Undertaker at WrestleMania.

paragraphs: Money in the Bank (MITB) qualifying matches started on the February 23, 2009 edition of "Raw" with a triple threat match CM Punk versus John Morrison versus The Miz. CM Punk won the match and is the first of eight men to be added to the Money in the Bank ladder match. The following week on "Raw", another triple threat match between Rey Mysterio, Kane and Mike Knox with the winner of this match qualifying for (winning his way into) the MITB ladder match. Kane won this match and as a result will be in the ladder match.


title: Counties of Romania

paragraphs: The judeţe (translated in English as "counties") are administrative units of Romania.

paragraphs: The following is a complete list of all the counties in Romania:


title: Alba County

paragraphs: Alba (; Hungarian: "Fehér") is a county (judeţ) of Romania, in Transylvania. The capital of Alba County is Alba Iulia, with a population of 72,405 people.

paragraphs: The main rivers are the Mureş River and its tributaries, the Târnava, the Sebeş and the Arieş.

paragraphs: Alba County has 4 municipalities, 7 towns and 67 communes, all listed below:


title: Arad County

paragraphs: Arad (; Hungarian: "Arad", Serbian: "Arad/Арад") is a county (judeţ) of Romania, in Crişana. The capital of Arad County is Arad. About 185,272 people live in Arad County.

paragraphs: The Mureş River and the Crişul Alb River both flow through Arad County.

paragraphs: Arad County has one municipality, 9 towns and 68 communes.


title: Sanrio

paragraphs: Sanrio Co., Ltd. is a Japanese company that makes characters and sells and licenses products with images of characters. The things they make include stationery (pencils, pens writing, paper, etc.), school supplies and gifts. Sanrio's best known character is Hello Kitty, a white cat with red bow and no mouth. Hello Kitty is one of the most successful marketing brands in the world.

paragraphs: Sanrio was started by Shintaro Tsuji as the Yamanashi Silk Company in 1960. In 1973 the company changed its name to "Sanrio." The word Sanrio comes from ""san"" (meaning three in Japanese) and ""río"" (meaning river in Spanish"). He named the company Sanrio to join the three rivers of the world.

paragraphs: Besides selling their character goods, Sanrio also takes part in movie production and publishing. Sanrio worked together with Sega Toys to make a series of cartoons, toys, and other products called Jewelpet. They make lots of greeting cards.

paragraphs: The company has worked with UNICEF since 1984.

paragraphs: Sanrio also has two theme parks in Japan, Sanrio Puroland in Tama, Tokyo, and Harmonyland in Hiji, Ōita, Kyūshū.


title: John Burningham

paragraphs: John Burningham (27 April 1936 – 4 January 2019) was a British children's book writer and illustrator. He won many awards including the Kate Greenaway Medal in 1963 for his book called . He was also known for illustrating the book "Chitty-Chitty-Bang-Bang".

paragraphs: Burningham was born April 27, 1936 in Farnham, Surrey, England. Burningham died on 4 January 2019 at the age of 82 from pneumonia.


paragraphs: Borka: The Adventures of a Goose With No Feathers is a children's book that was written by John Burningham in 1963. The book won the 1963 Kate Greenaway Medal.


title: Sadism

paragraphs: Sadism is a condition in which people get pleasure from humiliating or hurting others. Often the pleasure is of a sexual kind. When a person finds pleasure in being hurt or humiliated, their condition is called Masochism.

paragraphs: The terms "sadism" and "masochism" were both invented by Richard von Krafft-Ebing, a German psychiatrist. He named Sadism after the Marquis de Sade, a French nobleman who in the eighteenth century wrote many books, stories and plays. Sade's books include many characters who find pleasure in cruelty, including torture and even murder.

paragraphs: At first Sadism meant only cruelty for sexual pleasure, but as the word became more widely used its meaning changed. Nowadays any person who enjoys being cruel to others can be called "sadistic," even if they get no sexual excitement from what they do.

paragraphs: Some people who have sadistic sexual fantasies mean no real harm to anyone. In BDSM a "top" or dominant person will bind his or her partner or "punish" them in different ways, but what they do will not go beyond limits which the partner has agreed on. On the other hand, a small minority are severely perverted or mentally ill, and wish to act out their sadistic fantasies for real. Such people are rare, but they can be very dangerous. Many serial killers and psychopaths have been sexual sadists.

paragraphs: Treating sadism is difficult, but it looks like psychotherapy can help in certain cases.


title: James Inglis (rugby union)

paragraphs: James Inglis (born 26 August 1986 in England) is a rugby union player for Harlequins in the Guinness Premiership. He plays as a second-row. He has now moved to Roslyn Park RUFC and gone bald.

paragraphs: James has subsequently retired from rugby and now teaches at a top independent boarding school. On 30 May 2019, James married the love of his life, Sarah McDonald, at Chateau de Blomac in front of close friends and family. He is still bald.


title: Shane O'Connor

paragraphs: Shane O'Connor born 29 March, 1983 in Ireland is a rugby union player for Harlequins in the Guinness Premiership. He plays as a second-row.


title: Alex Rogers

paragraphs: Alex Rogers (born 16 December 1986 in England) is a rugby union player. he plays for the Newcastle Falcons in the English Premiership.

paragraphs: Rogers plays as a prop. Previously he played for the Harlequins.


title: Gareth Williams (rugby union)

paragraphs: Gareth Williams (born 7 March 1988 in Wales) is a rugby union player for Harlequins in the Guinness Premiership. He plays as a scrum-half.


title: David Blaney

paragraphs: David Blaney (born 3 March 1979 in England) is a rugby union player for Bristol Rugby in the Guinness Premiership. He plays as a hooker.


title: Ryan Prosser

paragraphs: Ryan Prosser born 10 July, 1988 in Wales is a rugby union player for Bristol Rugby in the Guinness Premiership. He plays as a hooker.


title: Iain Grieve

paragraphs: Iain Grieve (born 19 February, 1987 in Jwaneng, Botswana) is a rugby union player for Bristol Rugby in the Guinness Premiership. He plays as a back-row.


title: Chris Ashwin

paragraphs: Chris Ashwin (born 19 November 1987 in Gloucester) is a British rugby union player for Bristol Rugby in the Guinness Premiership. He plays as a fly-half.


title: Network address translation

paragraphs: In computer networking, network address translation (NAT) is a technique of modifying the network address information in the IP packet headers while transferring the packet across a traffic routing device; such a technique remaps a given address space into another address space. This allows multiple computers to share a single public IP address, which has become necessary because there are not enough IP addresses for every computer in the world.

paragraphs: Today, NAT is used to hide networks (called "network masquerading") or to hide IP (called "IP masquerading"). "Masquerading" is the mechanism that hides an entire address space, usually consisting of private network addresses (RFC 1918), behind a single IP address usually in the public domain address space.

paragraphs: The NAT mechanism is implemented inside a routing device that keeps track of the "state" of the network connections. The NAT device may also implement a firewall. The router uses translation tables to map the "hidden" addresses into a single address and then rewrites the outgoing IP packets on exit from the router so that they appear to originate from the router. In the reverse communications path, responses to the outgoing packets are mapped back to the originating IP address using the reverse of the rules (""state"") stored in the translation tables. The outgoing IP packets establish the device translation tables.

paragraphs: The translation table rules established in the above way are cleared after a short period without new traffic refreshing their "state". However, most NAT devices today allow the network administrator to configure translation tables’ entries for permanent use. This feature is often referred to as "static NAT" or port forwarding and allows traffic originating in the 'outside' network to reach selected hosts in the "masqueraded network".

paragraphs: Carrier-grade NAT, also called large-scale NAT, is NAT done by the Internet service provider (ISP). This is used when the ISP has more customers than IP addresses. This is commonly used by cellular service providers on 3G and 4G networks, but it is not (yet) common on landline DSL or cable connections. The CIDR address block 100.64.0.0/10 is reserved for carrier-grade NAT, although many ISPs improperly use RFC 1918 private addresses, which are 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, and 192.168.0.0/16.

paragraphs: NAT is used only in IPv4. It is not necessary in IPv6, because IPv6 has enough addresses for every computer in the world to have a global address.


title: Rey Mysterio

paragraphs: Óscar Gutiérrez (born December 11, 1974) better known by his ring name Rey Mysterio, is an Mexican-American professional wrestler. He is currently working for Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (AAA). He is best known for his time in the WWE. He wrestled for Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) from 1995 to 1996, World Championship Wrestling (WCW) from 1996 to 2001, and the World Wrestling Entertainment/WWE from 2002 to 2015. Gutierrez is a devout Roman Catholic and crosses himself before every match.

paragraphs: On February 26, 2015, Mysterio's contract with the WWE ended and he left after 13 years with the company.

paragraphs: On March 3, 2015, it was announced that Mysterio resigned with Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (AAA). He made his return to the promotion at the 2015 Rey de Reyes ("King of Kings"). He teamed up with Myzteziz in the main event against El Hijo del Perro Aguayo and Pentagón Jr.

paragraphs: On March 20, 2015, Mysterio teamed with Extreme Tiger to face El Hijo del Perro Aguayo and Manik. In the match, Mysterio used a headscissors takedown to throw Aguayo out of the ring. When Aguayo got back into the ring, Mysterio dropkicked him in the head to set up for his finisher, the 619 which caused Aguayo to land on the middle rope. Aguayo appeared to be limp while hanging on the middle rope. The match was finished when Mysterio pinned Manik. Aguayo was later brought out of the ring and was rushed to the Del Prado hospital. He was pronounced dead around 1:00am on March 21. Mysterio and Konnan were pallbearers at his funeral.


title: Router

paragraphs: A router is a computer whose software and hardware are designed to move data between computer networks. Routers make sure traffic between computers goes where it needs to go. They do this by choosing the shortest path between the computers using a complicated system of rules called routing protocols. Routers generally contain a specialized operating system, RAM, NVRAM, flash memory, and one or more processors, as well as two or more network interfaces. They come in a variety of sizes from something you could hold in your hand to something too large for one person to lift.

paragraphs: If you have an Internet connection, you probably have a router somewhere that your computer sends data to. This is the first router your computer will connect to in order to get to the internet. It is also known as a default gateway (because it is your gateway to the internet). By convention the gateway has the lowest IP address (like a phone number for a computer) in the subnet (a group of addresses). Anytime you make a connection (such as a connection to www.wikipedia.org) your computer looks up the IP address using the look-up service called DNS (Domain Name Service). Once the destination address has been found your computer connects to your gateway router. The gateway then sends data to a router at your ISP (Internet Service Provider), that router can be said to be part of the internet and connects to other routers until the data reaches the destination.

paragraphs: In small networks such as homes, small businesses (including internet cafés) and small schools, the router also performs NAT (network address translation) which makes all outgoing connections look like they come from one address. Typically, incoming connections are only allowed if they are replies to connections made by a computer inside the NAT.

paragraphs: Routers connect two or more networks and direct traffic between them. These networks may be physical (the network is associated with a port) or logical (not associated with a port on the router). The term layer 3 switch often is used the same as 'router', but it is a general term without a technical definition. Layer 3 switch implies a device that is built to connect Ethernet devices in a LAN but can also perform routing.

paragraphs: Router operating systems are split into two parts:


Network address


title: Masochism

paragraphs: Masochism is a medical condition. People who suffer from it can get pleasure from being hurt or humiliated by others. Often, the pleasure is sexual. When a person gets pleasure from being the one who causes hurt or humiliation, their condition is called Sadism.

paragraphs: The word "masochism" was invented by Richard von Krafft-Ebing, a German psychiatrist. He named it after Leopold von Sacher-Masoch (1836-1895), a writer whose books and stories often featured men in love with women who treated them cruelly.

paragraphs: Many people with masochistic feelings do not really want to be hurt badly. They want to act out their daydreams, such as being tied up and kidnapped, or becoming the slave of another person. In BDSM, people often agree who will be "top" and "bottom" before they do anything together, and talk about exactly what they will do before they do it. People who do this kind of masochism usually do it for sexual excitement.

paragraphs: Most people who practice BDSM are concerned about their partner's safety. When people are careless about safety, or have no partner and play masochistic games when they are alone, it can be very dangerous. In some cases people have died from such games, especially when they involve suffocation, like hanging or rubber masks, even more dangerous when making it hard to get out by putting themselves in things like handcuffs.

paragraphs: Some people suffer from emotional masochism. They are more comfortable when they feel sad or consider themselves failures in life, or prefer to be in a relationship with someone who cheats or insults them. People who have these kind of feelings may have been bullied or abused earlier in life, or may feel that they do not deserve success and happiness.

paragraphs: Sometimes, self-injury is seen as a form of masochism which is not motivated sexually. Other behaviours, such as nail biting or trichotillomania often occur in situations where there is a lot of stress or pressure on the individual. While they are related to the individual's way to deal with stressful situations, they are also often rooted in the personality.

paragraphs: Treating masochism is difficult, but it looks like psychotherapy can help in some cases. People who like to be hurt during sex often say they're happy, though. Even not in sex, masochism can be natural in people.


title: Jon Fisher

paragraphs: Jon Fisher is an economist, an author, and a businessman. Fisher created his company Bharosa to create software to make computers safer. He is also a part-time professor at the University of San Francisco. Fisher has created forecasts about jobs in the United States. He said it was a mistake for the government to help banks in a weak economy. He has appeared on the news websites TechCrunch, Marketwired, and "The Wall Street Journal".

paragraphs: Jon Fisher was born on January 19, 1972. His parents are Gerald and Anita Fisher. They are both professors at Stanford University. Jon attended The Nueva School and Crystal Springs Uplands School. He graduated from the University of San Francisco.

paragraphs: In 1994, Jon Fisher started the company AutoReach. This company is now a part of AutoNation. In 1998, he formed a new company, NetClerk. This new company was purchased by the Builders Information Group in 2002. NetClerk created software that allowed people in the construction and plumbing industries to obtain online permits.

paragraphs: After working with NetClerk, Fisher gave his help to new business owners. He taught them how to reorganize and sell their business for a profit. In 2004, Fisher and Thomas Varghese started the company Bharosa. Fisher was the chief executive officer (CEO) for the company. Bharosa creates security software to make online customers safe.

paragraphs: Fisher currently works as the chief executive officer of CrowdOptic. He began to work there on November 17, 2010. He is also an adjunct professor at the University of San Francisco. Fisher has published a book titled "Strategic Entrepreneurism: Shattering the Start-Up Entrepreneurial Myths".

paragraphs: Fisher was recognized in 2008 and 2009 when he made several predictions about the direction of the United States economy. In April 2008, he said that the unemployment rate in the United States would be 9% in 2009. This fact became true. In 2009, Fisher said that unemployment would not be more than 10.4%. He said it would be 8% by the end of 2010.

paragraphs: Jon Fisher has received several honors for his work as an entrepreneur and teacher, including:


title: Lachlan Mitchell

paragraphs: Lachlan Mitchell (born September 30, 1987 in Sydney) is an Australian rugby union player for the London Wasps in the Guinness Premiership. He plays as a centre.


title: Charlie Beech

paragraphs: Charlie Beech (born 21 July 1987) is an English rugby union player for the London Wasps in the Guinness Premiership. He plays as a prop. He was born in Stevenage, Hertfordshire, England.


title: Showgrounds

paragraphs: The Showgrounds is a football stadium in Sligo, Ireland. It has a capacity of 5,500. 2,400 of the 5,500 capacity are seated. There are two seated stands a blue stand and a red stand which holds most of the seats. There is also a terrace, there used to be two, but the old one got knocked down along with the shed. There are two training pitches, one of them is astroturf. Sometimes there is a carnival in the car park. Sligo Rovers F.C. play their home games in the Showgrounds.


title: Hugo Ellis

paragraphs: Hugo Ellis (born 4 February 1988) is a rugby union player for the London Wasps in the Guinness Premiership. He plays as a back-row. He was born in Isleworth, London, England.


title: Ross Batty

paragraphs: Ross Batty (born 20 September 1986 in England) is a rugby union player for the Newcastle Falcons in the Guinness Premiership. He plays as a hooker.


title: Tim Swinson

paragraphs: Tim Swinson born 17 February, 1987 in London, England is a rugby union player for the Newcastle Falcons in the Guinness Premiership. He plays as a lock.


title: Rory Clegg

paragraphs: Rory Clegg (born 6 January 1990 in Hanover, Germany) is an English rugby union player for the Newcastle Falcons in the Guinness Premiership. He plays as a fly-half.


title: Private network

paragraphs: In Internet terminology a private network is typically a network that uses private IP address space, following the RFC 1918 standard. Computers may be allocated addresses from this address space when it is necessary for them to communicate with other computing devices on an Intranet network (internal private computer network that uses the Internet Protocol).

paragraphs: Private networks are quite common in home and office local area network (LAN) designs, as many organizations do not see a need for globally unique IP addresses for every computer, printer and other devices that the organizations use. Private IP addresses were created due to the shortage of publicly registered IP addresses created by the IPv4 standard. One of the reasons IPv6 was created is to overcome this limitation of the IPv4 standard. However IPv6 still did not achieve a widespread use.

paragraphs: Routers on the Internet should be configured to discard any packets containing private IP addresses in the IP packet header. This isolation gives private networks a basic form of security as it is not usually possible for the outside world to establish a connection directly to a machine using these private addresses. As connections cannot be made between different private networks via the internet, different organizations can use the same private address range without risking address conflicts (communications accidents caused by reaching a third party using the same IP address).

paragraphs: If a device on a private network needs to communicate with other networks, a ""mediating gateway"" (in-between gateway) is needed to ensure that the outside network is presented with an address that is "real" (or publicly reachable) so that Internet routers allow the communication. This gateway is typically a NAT device or a proxy server. Public Internet Routers by default will not forward packets with RFC 1918 addresses. Unlike public Internet routers that need additional configuration to forward these packets, internal routers do not need any additional configuration to forward these packets.

paragraphs: This can cause problems, however, when organizations try to connect networks that both use the same private address spaces. There is a potential for clashes and routing problems if both networks use the same IP addresses for their private networks, or if both networks depend on NAT to connect them through the Internet.

paragraphs: The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is the entity that manage global IP address allocation, DNS root zone management, media types, and other Internet protocol assignments. It is operated by ICANN.

paragraphs: For someone familiar with the boundaries of classful addressing, it is important to note that even though the RFC 1918 range of 172.16.0.0-172.31.255.255 falls in the traditional class B range, the block of addresses reserved is not a /16, but a /12. The same applies for the range of 192.168.0.0-192.168.255.255; this block is not a /24, but a /16. However, someone can still (and many individuals typically do) use addresses from these CIDR blocks and apply a subnet mask appropriate for the traditional classful boundary of the address.

paragraphs: The current IANA "private internet" (also called non-routable) addresses are:

paragraphs: To reduce the load on root nameservers caused by the reverse DNS lookups of these IP addresses, a system of "black-hole" nameservers is provided by anycast network AS112.


title: Paul Cook (footballer)

paragraphs: Paul Anthony Cook (born February 22, 1967 in Liverpool) is an English former footballer and the current manager of Sligo Rovers F.C. in Ireland. He had a lengthy career, playing for a number of clubs in the Football League as a left sided or central midfielder before retiring from the game in 2006.


title: David Cook (singer)

paragraphs: David Cook is an American alternative rock and post-grunge singer-songwriter. He was born on December 20, 1982. His hometown is Blue Springs, Missouri.

paragraphs: In 2008, David was the winner of American Idol Season 7.


title: Roddy Piper

paragraphs: Roderick George Toombs (April 17, 1954 – July 31, 2015) better known by his ring name "Rowdy" Roddy Piper, was a Canadian professional wrestler and actor. During his career, Piper worked for the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA), World Wrestling Federation (WWF), World Championship Wrestling (WCW), and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA).

paragraphs: Piper was born in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. He was raised in Winnipeg, Manitoba.

paragraphs: Piper hosted a popular interview segment on "WWE Raw", called "Piper's Pit". The segment mainly aired during the late 1980s and early 1990s. It has been abandoned since Piper left the WWE, but is still done on special occasions when Piper makes a special appearance. In 2005, Piper was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame by Ric Flair.

paragraphs: Piper also acted in many movies and television shows. One of his most well known roles was as a drifter in the 1988 movie "They Live".

paragraphs: Piper died of cardiopulmonary arrest caused by a pulmonary embolism on July 31, 2015 in Hollywood, California. A ten-bell salute for Piper was held at the beginning of the August 3, 2015 episode of WWE Raw.


title: Lolicon

paragraphs: , is a slang word for the phrase "Lolita complex". In Japan, the word explains a hebephilic desire for drawings of teenage or prepubescent, or a young girl who desires other girls. Outside Japan, the word is less common. It denotes a genre of manga and anime in which young female characters are shown in a sexual way. The word is a reference to Vladimir Nabokov's book, "Lolita". In the book, a middle-aged man sexually desires a 12-year-old girl .

paragraphs: Some people claim that lolicon adds to actual sexual abuse of children, while others claim that there is no facts that show this, or that facts show the opposite. Countries have tried to make lolicon that shows children naked or having sex illegal as a type of child pornography.

paragraphs: One of the few that has made it actually illegal is the United Kingdom where the possession of lolicon pornography is illegal. These laws have been criticised heavily, and charges of lolicon child porn tend not to stick, because a judge reasons that no real children were harmed to make it and posses it and therefore it is not worth conviction, or because the harm that will be caused by giving the person a jail sentence is considered disproportionate to their charges.


title: Behemoth

paragraphs: Behemoth is a metal band from Gdańsk, Poland. Their early albums were black metal, but later they switched to a mixture of death metal and black metal. The band has been important in the creation of the Polish extreme metal underground.


title: Reverse DNS lookup

paragraphs: Reverse DNS lookup (rDNS) is the process of determining the hostname or the host computer associated with a given IP address or any other type of network address.

paragraphs: Typically, the Domain Name System is used to determine what IP address is associated with a given domain name. So, to "reverse-resolve" a known IP address to determine the hostname is simply the process of searching what host and domain name belongs to that IP address.

paragraphs: A reverse lookup is often referred to as reverse resolving, or more specifically reverse DNS lookup, and is accomplished using a "reverse IN-ADDR entry" in the form of a PTR record.

paragraphs: RFC 1033 in the "INSTRUCTIONS" section, and later, RFC 1912 Section 2.1 states ""Every Internet-reachable host should have a name"" and ""Make sure your PTR and A records match"".


title: Polis

paragraphs: Polis means a city, a city-state and also citizenship and body of citizens. In context with Ancient Greece "polis" means nearly always "city-state."

paragraphs: The word originates from the ancient Greek city-states, which developed during the period and existed well into Roman times, when the equivalent Latin word was "civitas", that means 'citizenhood' as well.

paragraphs: An ancient "polis" often centered around a citadel, called the "acropolis". Nearly always it had an "agora" (market) and typically one or more temples and a "gymnasium". Many citizens of a "polis" did not live in the central city but in the suburbs or countryside. The Greeks regarded the "polis" as a religious and political association: while the "polis" would control territory and colonies beyond the city itself, the "polis" would not simply consist of a geographical area.

paragraphs: Modern European languages have many words that come from "polis". In English there are policy, polity, police and politics. In Greek, words coming from "polis" include "politēs" and "politismos".

paragraphs: A number of words end in the word "-polis". Most refer to a special kind of city and/or state. Some examples are:

paragraphs: Other refer to part of a city or a group of cities, such as:

paragraphs: The names of several other towns and cities in Europe and the Middle East have contained the suffix ""-polis"" since antiquity; or currently feature modernized spellings, such as ""-pol"". Some of the examples are:

paragraphs: The names of other cities were also given the suffix ""-polis"" after antiquity, either referring to ancient names or simply unrelated:

paragraphs: Thermopolis, Wyoming is a town in the United States of America but isn't classified as a city.


title: Doujinshi

paragraphs: Doujinshi are part of a larger category of dōjin. This category includes art collections, anime, hentai, and games.


title: Mumia Abu-Jamal

paragraphs: Mumia Abu-Jamal (born Wesley Cook on April 24, 1954) is an American activist. He was convicted and sentenced to death for the 1981 murder of police officer Daniel Faulkner in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (U.S.). Before his arrest he was a Black Panther Party activist, taxi driver, and journalist and still continued his efforts in prison. Since the time when he was found guilty, his case has received attention around the world, and he has become a controversial cultural icon. Supporters and opponents disagree on whether it is right for him to receive the death penalty, if he is guilty, or if he received a fair trial. During his imprisonment he has published several books and other commentaries, notably "Live from Death Row". As of 2008, his legal appeals are still unsettled, and he is a prisoner at State Correctional Institution Greene near Waynesburg, Pennsylvania.


title: Overkill

paragraphs: Overkill is a thrash metal band from New Jersey. They formed in 1984 and have played since then.


title: The Police

paragraphs: The Police were a rock band from England who played a style of rock that was influenced by jazz, punk and reggae music. As of 2008, The Police are one of the most successful bands in the world having sold over 40,000,000 records worldwide. The Police, along with The Clash, are notable for using reggae as a major part of their musical form.

paragraphs: "Rolling Stone" ranked The Police number 70 on their list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time.

paragraphs: The Police were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on 10 March 2003.

paragraphs: The Police formed with Stewart Copeland in late 1976 as drummer, Sting as the singer-bassist and Henry Padovani as the guitarist. In early 1977 they recorded their first single, "Fall Out"/"Nothing Achieving,".


title: Damageplan

paragraphs: Damageplan was a heavy metal band from Dallas, Texas. They started playing in 2003 after Pantera's guitarist and drummer decided to start a new band. They only released one album, because in 2004, the guitarist "Dimebag Darrell Abbott" was shot during a concert. After this incident the band dissolved.


title: Down (band)

paragraphs: Down is a heavy metal band from New Orleans, Louisiana. They started playing in 1991 and the band consisted of members of several bands.


title: Triple DES

paragraphs: In cryptography, Triple DES is a block cipher created from the Data Encryption Standard (DES) cipher by using it three times. Triple DES is also known as TDES or, more standard, TDEA (Triple Data Encryption Algorithm ).

paragraphs: When it was discovered that a 56-bit key of DES is not enough to protect from brute force attacks, TDES was chosen as a simple way to enlarge the key space without a need to switch to a new algorithm. The use of three steps is essential to prevent meet-in-the-middle attacks that are effective against double DES encryption.

paragraphs: In general TDES with three different keys (3-key {k, k, k} TDES) has a key length of 168 bits: three 56-bit DES keys (with parity bits 3-key TDES has the total storage length of 192 bits), but due to the meet-in-the-middle attack the effective security it provides is only 112 bits. Another version, called two-key TDES (2-key TDES), uses k = k, thus reducing the key size to 112 bits and the storage length to 128 bits. However, this mode can be taken advantage of through certain chosen-plaintext or known-plaintext attacks and so TDES is treated by NIST to have only 80 bits of security.

paragraphs: By design, DES and therefore TDES, suffer from slow performance in software. TDES is better suited to hardware implementations, which are many of the places it is still used.

paragraphs: TDES is slowly disappearing from use, largely replaced by the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). One large-scale exception is within the electronic payments industry, which still uses 2TDES extensively and continues to develop and spread standards based upon it (e.g. EMV, the standard for inter-operation of IC cards; also called ""Chip cards"", and IC capable POS terminals and ATM's). This guarantees that TDES will remain an active cryptographic standard well into the future.


title: Breakout (album)

paragraphs: Breakout is the second studio album by singer Miley Cyrus. The album was released July 22, 2008. Singles from the album include "Full Circle", "Fly On The Wall", "7 Things", "Wake Up America", and "Breakout'.

paragraphs: Cyrus performed a free concert at Bryant Park on July 18, as a part of "Good Morning America"'s summer concert series. Cyrus also guest hosted "TRL" on two consecutive days, appeared on "Today", and performed as a part of their summer concert series, shutting down 84th street for the first time because of the number of fans who attended.

paragraphs: "See You Again (Rock Mafia Remix)" is the second single from the album, it was released on August 11, 2008, only in the United Kingdom as a promotional single. This song peaked at #11 in the UK Singles Chart, making her first Top 20 in that region.


title: 7 Things

paragraphs: "7 Things" is a single released June 2008 off the album "Breakout" by Miley Cyrus. The music video for "7 Things" was released May 30, 2008.


title: Girls Just Want to Have Fun

paragraphs: "Girls Just Wanna Have Fun" is a song by Cyndi Lauper. It was the first single by Lauper. The single reached number one in over ten countries. It received a Grammy Award nomination for Record of the Year and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance. Cap'n Lou Albano was in the music video for the song.

paragraphs: The song was covered by Miley Cyrus. The Miley Cyrus version is off her album "Breakout". It has been covered on either an album or in live concert by over 30 other artists.


title: Advanced Encryption Standard

paragraphs: In cryptography, the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), is a symmetric-key, block cipher algorithm that was selected by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in 2001. It was selected for encrypting data. It is commonly used around the world. The Advanced Encryption Standard has replaced the Data Encryption Standard (DES).

paragraphs: As of 2008, AES is one of the most popular algorithms used in symmetric key cryptography. It is available to programmers and the general public with various software packages.

paragraphs: AES is a type of Rijndael () block cipher developed by Belgian programmers, Vincent Rijmen and Joan Daemen.

paragraphs: The National Institute of Standards and Technology held a competition for a publicly available symmetric-key encryption algorithm and started accepting entries in 1997.

paragraphs: In 1998, fifteen algorithms were selected for the first round in the First AES Conference. After asking for comments, the NIST held the Second AES Conference where the top five algorithms were MARS, RC6, Rijndael, Serpent, and Twofish.

paragraphs: By 2000 and the end of the Third AES Conference, the NIST selected Rijndael for the AES proposal. For AES, NIST selected three members of the Rijndael family, each with a block size of 128 bits, but three different key lengths: 128, 192 and 256 bits.

paragraphs: The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) was published as a Federal Information Processing Standard on November 26, 2001.

paragraphs: AES has a fixed block sizes of 128 bits and three values of key size 128, 192, or 256 bits."The design and strength of all key lengths of the AES algorithm (i.e., 128, 192 and 256) are sufficient to protect classified information up to the SECRET level. TOP SECRET information will require use of either the 192 or 256 key lengths. The implementation of AES in products intended to protect national security systems and/or information must be reviewed and certified by NSA prior to their acquisition and use."

paragraphs: AES is fast in both software and hardware, is relatively easy to implement, and requires little memory.

paragraphs: The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is defined in:


title: Shōnen (media)

paragraphs: Shōnen is a type of manga or anime meant for young teen boys usually between the ages of about 12 and 18. It often refers to manga. Examples include "Dragon Ball", "Bleach", "One Piece", "InuYasha", "Naruto", "YuYu Hakusho", "Yu-Gi-Oh!", and Fairy Tail

paragraphs: Shounen is usually noticed by its high amounts of fighting. It often has humorous plots with male characters. It often has themes of friendship. Fighting teams and similar groups are often shown. Attractive female characters are also common, but not always present. The art style of shounen is usually less pretty than shōjo.

paragraphs: Beyond shōnen manga, manga for men (age 18+) is called seinen manga. Very few seinen manga have been published outside of Japan. In Japan, many older men read shounen magazines. Because of this, in Japan, shounen manga magazines are the most popular manga magazines.


title: The Amazing Race

paragraphs: The Amazing Race is a reality television/game show. It is broadcast on CBS.

paragraphs: In "The Amazing Race", 11 or 12 teams of two people race around the world for $1,000,000, with information provided by "clues", or Route Info. There are certain "legs" of the race, culminated by "Pit Stops". At Pit Stops, teams check in for a mandatory 12 hour rest period, although sometimes the period can be 24 hours, 36 hours, or even once 60. Usually, the first team to arrive at a Pit Stop will receive a prize, such as a trip to a Caribbean country. On most of the Pit Stops on the race, the last team to arrive is eliminated from the race. However, two or three of those points are non-elimination. In Seasons 1-4, there was no penalty for coming in last in a non-elimination. From Seasons 5-9, teams had to give up all of their money and start the next leg without money. Even stricter, in Seasons 7-9, teams had to turn over all of their luggage. In Seasons 10 and 11, teams would start the next leg "Marked for Elimination". That meant that if they did not come in first at the next Pit Stop, they would have to wait out a 30-minute penalty. Starting from Season 12, teams coming in last on Non-Eliminations have to do a Speed Bump. A Speed Bump is a task that no other teams have to do.

paragraphs: "The Amazing Race" has several different tasks that teams must complete.

paragraphs: A Detour is a choice between two tasks. The team can choose which one it wants to complete. Teams are allowed to switch between Detour choices, but there is a harsh 24-hour penalty if you quit a Detour.

paragraphs: A Roadbock is a task where only one member of the team can perform. Teams cannot switch the member performing the task. There is a 4-hour penalty if teams quit.

paragraphs: A Fast Forward is a task in order for a team to skip tasks and head directly to the Pit Stop.

paragraphs: "The Amazing Race" was created by Bertram van Munster and Elise Doganieri in 2001. It has been airing from 2001 to present.

paragraphs: "The Amazing Race" is seen as hard to produce. Producers need to find places, come up with tasks and pick teams. Cameramen have to keep up with the teams, and people are not allowed to give away the results. However, "The Amazing Race" has won 6 Emmy awards.

paragraphs: Besides the original American version, "The Amazing Race" has generated several versions from around the world.


title: Financial crisis of 2007–2008

paragraphs: The financial crisis of 2007–2008 was a major financial crisis, the worst of its kind since the Great Depression in the 1930s.

paragraphs: In September 2008 many large financial firms in the United States collapsed, merged, or went under conservatorship (a person is assigned to manage a company when it cannot manage itself). The factors that led to the crisis were reported in business journals many months before September 2008.

paragraphs: There are many reasons why the crisis happened. Most economists believe that it started in the United States. From 1997 until 2006, people bought expensive houses, even though they did not have enough money for it. Since the money had come from other countries, it was easy to have good credit. People used this credit for expensive loans, causing the price of homes to rise. This created an economic bubble. Because they had a lot of money, the loaning companies made it easier to get a loan, even if the borrower didn't have a good credit history. These loans are known as subprime loans.

paragraphs: During this time, many home owners refinanced their homes. This caused their mortgage to change, giving them lower interest. After they refinanced, homeowners could take out another mortgage, for spending money. The loaning companies changed their loans so that they would have low interest at first and then increase later. This is known as an adjustable-rate mortgage. The companies often used these to convince more people to take loans. Many people with subprime loans also took these adjustable-rate mortgages, hoping that the good price of housing would help them refinance later.

paragraphs: While the housing prices were still high, many American and European companies, including banks, invested in subprime loans. These investments gave more money to the loaning companies, who used it to give out more subprime loans. These investments would make a lot of money as long as the price of housing was high.

paragraphs: However, the housing companies built too many houses. This caused the price of housing to decrease beginning in the summer of 2006. The value of many homes dropped below the value of the remaining mortgage debt, so the owners were unable to sell and move away. This is called negative equity. About 8.8 million homeowners in the U.S. had zero or negative equity by March 2008. This caused the number of foreclosures on homes to increase, meaning that many people lost their homes. During 2007, almost 1.3 million U.S. homes began foreclosure proceedings. The number of houses for sale continued to increase, which made the prices decrease. The homeowners with subprime loans left their houses with less value than they had when they were bought, which meant that the loans were worth more money than the house. The loaning companies were not able to make money from these houses.

paragraphs: The collapse of the housing bubble caused the value of investments to fall. The companies that had invested in subprime loans lost a total of about $512 billion. Citigroup and Merrill Lynch were two companies that lost the most money. More than half of the money lost, $260 billion, was lost by American firms.

paragraphs: Total financial losses from lost economic activity and stock market declines have been estimated at $15 trillion.


title: Detritivore

paragraphs: A detritivore (also known as decomposers) is an animal that feeds on dead organisms (living things) and breaks them down into smaller molecules. Detritivores are essential in the ecosystem as they return important materials such as carbon (see carbon cycle) back into the environment. Examples of common detritivores include earthworms and woodlice, but also includes microscopic (things that can only be seen using a microscope) bacteria.


title: Skid Row

paragraphs: Skid Row is a Hard rock band from Toms River, New Jersey. They were active from 1986 to 1996, then reunited in 1999.


title: Carbon cycle

paragraphs: The carbon cycle is the way carbon is stored and replaced on Earth. Some of the main events take hundreds of millions of years, others happen annually.

paragraphs: The main ways that carbon gets into the carbon cycle are volcanoes, and the burning of fossil fuels like coal and gas. Through most of history, volcanoes were the biggest source of carbon to the carbon cycle, but in the last hundred years, people burning fossil fuels have been adding about a hundred time more CO to the air than volcanoes. That is, for every ton of CO added to the air by volcanoes, about 100 tons of CO have been added to the air by people.

paragraphs: The main way carbon gets taken out of the atmosphere is by photosynthesis by living organisms. Some of this gets released as they die and decompose, but a proportion gets buried in sediment. This is shown in the diagram. Sediment turns to rock, and it is the carbonate rocks like limestone which contain the now-solid CO. Some of the carbon from plants also becomes part of the soil, where it can stay for a long time before decomposing.

paragraphs: Another process takes CO out of the air. Weathering by rain washes out CO in the form of dilute carbonic acid. This reacts with rock, helping to dissolve and destroy it. This also ends up as sediment.

paragraphs: Some CO is also dissolved in the ocean. Right now, the oceans are taking in more CO than they are releasing, every year. However, this is making the oceans more acidic.

paragraphs: The store of carbon in sedimentary rock is far greater than the CO in the atmosphere (this is not shown in the diagram). Eventually it returns to the air as oceanic plates subduct in plate tectonics. At the margins of plate boundaries (and some other places) volcanoes form and spew out CO. This completes the cycle.

paragraphs: The carbon cycle is a process where carbon is recycled through the ecosystem. The concentration of carbon in living matter (18%) is almost 100 times greater than its concentration in the earth (0.19%). So living things extract carbon from their nonliving environment. For life to continue, this carbon must be recycled. See the diagram for a detailed look at the carbon cycle. An example of a route carbon takes in this cycle is carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is absorbed by plants and used in photosynthesis to produce sugars which the plant uses for energy. When the plant dies, it decomposes and the carbon stored in the plant will, over millions of years, form into coal (a fossil fuel). The coal is burnt and gives off carbon dioxide which goes into the atmosphere.

paragraphs: At the moment, the carbon cycle, and how human activity is affecting it, is a big topic in international news. Fossil fuels are a non-renewable resource which means that they cannot be replaced easily. Our use of fossil fuels has nearly doubled every 20 years since 1900. This release of carbon dioxide contributes to the greenhouse effect and acid rain.

paragraphs: The carbon cycle was discovered by Joseph Priestley and Antoine Lavoisier, and popularized by Humphry Davy.


title: Skepticism

paragraphs: Skepticism or scepticism (Greek "skeptomai": to consider, to examine) refers to any view involving "doubt".

paragraphs: People who have skepticism as an attitude, opinion, or method are called skeptics or sceptics.

paragraphs: Skepticism has its roots in ancient Greek philosophy. The Greek Sophists of the 5th century BC, such as Protagoras of Abdera (480–411 BC), were mostly skeptics. Gorgias (485–380 BC) said, "Nothing exists; if anything does exist, it cannot be known; if anything exists and can be known, it cannot be communicated". In the 4th century BC Pyrrho of Elis (c360–275 BC), who travelled and studied as far as India, adopted practical skepticism. Carneades (c213–129 BC) disagreed that things were completely true or false. He criticized the Dogmatists, especially Stoics. He said that completely certain knowledge is impossible. Sextus Empiricus (c200 AD), the main authority for Greek skepticism, brought together empiricism into the basis for stating knowledge.

paragraphs: Skepticism comes from Asian philosophy, too. The Chinese philosopher Zhuangzi (c369–c286 BC) said that what seems real could be just a dream. In Indian philosophy, the Cārvāka school thought that we should neither try to infer knowledge nor trust what other people tell us. In Buddhism, Nāgārjuna said that nothing exists by itself, and that this idea is an important part of enlightenment.

paragraphs: The most important part of the argument is that unless we know "something" for certain, then we cannot know "anything". The interest lies in the way great philosophers have tried to solve this problem. Some, like Descartes, retreat into the mind: "I think, therefore I am." Others, such as the British empiricists John Locke and David Hume, would rely on our sense perception. Certain kinds of knowledge may be especially vulnerable to skepticism. For example, an agnostic believes people cannot get knowledge about supernatural things.

paragraphs: Skepticism is widely used as a method for research in science, and (with changes) in modern legal procedure. Here doubt, suspending judgement, careful investigation, testing and discussion come before any statement of facts. Sometimes the process takes years before consensus is reached. This systematic approach is called "methodological skepticism". It is probably the most important legacy of the skeptics.


title: United States Secretary of War

paragraphs: The Secretary of War was a member of the United States President's Cabinet, beginning with George Washington's administration. A similar position, called either "Secretary at War" or "Secretary of War," was appointed to serve the Congress of the Confederation under the Articles of Confederation between 1781 and 1789. Benjamin Lincoln and later Henry Knox held the position. When Washington was inaugurated as the first president under the Constitution, he appointed Knox to continue serving.

paragraphs: The Secretary of War led the War Department. At first, he was responsible for all military affairs. In 1798, the Secretary of the Navy was added to the cabinet, and the scope of this office was reduced to a general concern with the Army. In 1947, the departments were recombined under the Secretary of Defense. The Secretary of War was replaced by the Secretary of the Army and the Secretary of the Air Force, non-Cabinet positions under the Secretary of Defense.


title: United States Secretary of the Navy

paragraphs: The United States Secretary of the Navy (SECNAV) is the civilian head of the Department of the Navy. The position was a member of the President's Cabinet until 1947, when the Navy, Army, and newly created Air Force were placed in the Department of Defense and the Secretary of the Navy was placed under the Secretary of Defense.


title: United States Postmaster General

paragraphs: The United States Postmaster General is the executive head of the United States Postal Service. The office, in one form or another, is older than both the United States Constitution and the United States Declaration of Independence. Benjamin Franklin was appointed by the Continental Congress as the first Postmaster General, serving slightly longer than 15 months.

paragraphs: In 1971, the United States Post Office Department was re-organized into the United States Postal Service, a special agency independent of the executive branch. Thus, the Postmaster General is no longer a member of the Cabinet and is no longer in line to be President.


title: White House Chief of Staff

paragraphs: The White House Chief of Staff is the highest-ranking member of the Executive Office of the President of the United States and a senior aide to the President. The CoS does things previously done by the President's private secretary. Mark Meadows became White House Chief of Staff in March 2020.


title: Edmund Randolph

paragraphs: Edmund Jenings Randolph (August 10, 1753– September 12, 1813) was an American attorney, Governor of Virginia, Secretary of State, and the first United States Attorney General.


title: John R. Steelman

paragraphs: John Roy Steelman (June 23, 1900 - July 14, 1999) was the first Assistant to the President of the United States serving President Harry S. Truman from 1946 to 1953. The office later became the White House Chief of Staff.


title: James Baker

paragraphs: James Addison Baker, III (born April 28, 1930) is an American attorney, politician, political administrator, and political adviser.

paragraphs: He served as the Chief of Staff in President Ronald Reagan's first administration and in the final year of the administration of President George H. W. Bush. Baker also served as Secretary of the Treasury from 1985-1988 in the second Reagan administration, and Secretary of State in the George H. W. Bush administration.

paragraphs: James Baker is the namesake of the James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy at Rice University in Houston, Texas.


title: National Library of China

paragraphs: The National Library of China is one of the world's largest libraries found in Beijing, China. It has a large collection of ancient Chinese documents and books, as well as contemporary literature.


title: Ronaldinho

paragraphs: Ronaldo de Assis Moreira, more commonly known as Ronaldinho (born 21 March 1980 in Porto Alegre, Brazil) is a retired Brazilian footballer. He last played for Brasileiro Série A club Fluminense and also for the Brazil national team. He is regarded as one of the greatest footballers of all time. He was known for his dribbling, passing, flair, skills, and during his time playing for Barcelona. He is F.C. Barcelona's current club ambassador, for which he signed for in September 2016.


title: Les Ferdinand

paragraphs: Les Ferdinand is a former football player. He has played for England national team.


title: Chris Sutton

paragraphs: Chris Sutton is an English former footballer. He has played for the English national team.


title: Teddy Sheringham

paragraphs: Teddy Sheringham (born 2 April 1966) is an English professional footballer turned manager. He is best known as an association football player. He has played for England national team.

paragraphs: In 2009, Sheringham was named to the English Football Hall of Fame.


title: Dwight Yorke

paragraphs: Dwight Eversley Yorke CM (born 3 November 1971) is a retired Trinidadian football player. He has played for Trinidad and Tobago national team. He won the 1998–99 Premier League Golden Boot, along side Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink and Michael Owen. This made him the joint first foreign Golden Boot winner.


title: Uwe Seeler

paragraphs: Uwe Seeler (born 5 November, 1936) is a former German football player. He has played for Hamburger SV and West Germany national team.


title: Herbert Chapman

paragraphs: Herbert Chapman is a former football player.


title: Jari Litmanen

paragraphs: Jari Litmanen (born 20 February 1971) is a Finnish football player.


title: Denis Compton

paragraphs: Denis Compton (23 May 1918 in Hendon, Middlesex – 23 April 1997 in Windsor, Berkshire) was an English cricketer and football player. He played for Arsenal.


title: Jan Mølby

paragraphs: Jan Mølby is a former football player. He has played for Denmark national team.


title: Tore André Flo

paragraphs: Tore André Flo is a former football player. He has played for Norway national team.


title: Iván Zamorano

paragraphs: Iván Zamorano (born 18 January 1967) is a former Chilean football player. He has played for Chile national team until 2001.


title: Mark Hopley

paragraphs: Mark Hopley (born 1 May 1984) is a rugby union player for Northampton Saints in the Guinness Premiership. He was born in Crewe, Cheshire. He plays as a flanker.


title: Formentera

paragraphs: Formentera is the smallest of the 4 Balearic Islands with population.

paragraphs: It is located south of Ibiza (about 10 kilometers), south-west of Mallorca (about 50 kilometers).

paragraphs: The island was built by volcano eruptions.

paragraphs: It has two high areas in the east and the south and a falt area in between.

paragraphs: First people, who settled on Formentera, were the Carthaginians, later the Romans came there. Often the island lost its complete population, for example after the Vandals came there.

paragraphs: In the middle ages Arabs governed the balearic island, then Catalans took over the island, Formentera became part of the new kingdom of Mallorca.

paragraphs: Later that kingdom became a part of Spain.

paragraphs: The island lives mainly on tourism. Most tourists are from Germany, the United Kingdom and Italy and France.

paragraphs: Even the other economic activities like fishing deal with tourism.


title: Menorca

paragraphs: Menorca (Spain, Catalan: "Menorca") is the most east of the Balearic Islands.

paragraphs: Menorca is located east of Mallorca. It has an area of . About 88,000 people live there. The main town is Mahon, which has about 27,000 people.

paragraphs: Later it was ruled by the Carthageans, after the Punic Wars by the Romans.

paragraphs: From the 5th century AD there was a seat of a bishop on Menorca. Then the Vandals invaded it. After they left, the Moors took over.

paragraphs: Later Menorca was ruled by the Kingdom of Mallorca and then it became a part of Spain. For a few decades Menorca was ruled by the British, but the Spanish recovered it again in the American Revolutionary War.

paragraphs: Menorca lives mainly on tourism. There is one airport near the main city.


title: Sajid Mahmood

paragraphs: Sajid Iqbal Mahmood (born 21 December 1981 in Bolton, Greater Manchester) is an English cricketer of Pakistani Janjua Rajput descent. He is a right-arm fast bowler who plays international cricket for England and county cricket for Lancashire.


title: Flag of Sri Lanka

paragraphs: The Flag of Sri Lanka, also called the Lion Flag, consists of gold lion passant, holding a sword in its right fore paw, in front of a crimson background with four golden bo leaves in each corner. Around the background is a yellow border, and to its left are two vertical stripes of equal size in saffron and green, with the saffron stripe closest to the lion.

paragraphs: It became the flag in 1950 following the recommendations of a committee appointed by the 1st Prime Minister of Sri Lanka D.S. Senanayake.


title: RC4

paragraphs: In cryptography, RC4 (also known as ARC4 or ARCFOUR meaning Alleged RC4, see below) is one of the most common software stream ciphers. It is used in popular protocols like Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) (to protect Internet traffic) and WEP (to secure wireless networks).

paragraphs: RC4 is known for being simple and quick, but attacks are likely to happen when the start of the output keystream is not removed, or one keystream is used twice; some ways of using RC4 can turn into very insecure cryptosystems such as WEP.

paragraphs: RC4 was created by Ron Rivest of RSA Security in 1987. While its official name is "Rivest Cipher 4", the RC abbreviation is also known to stand for "Ron's Code" (see also RC2, RC5 and RC6).

paragraphs: RC4 was first created as a trade secret, but in September 1994 a description of it was posted to the Cypherpunks mailing list. It was soon posted on the sci.crypt newsgroup, and from there to many websites on the Internet. The code was confirmed to be genuine(not fake) as its output matched that of proprietary software using licensed RC4. Because the algorithm is known, it is no longer a trade secret. The name "RC4" is trademarked, however. RC4 is often referred to as "ARCFOUR" or "ARC4" (meaning Alleged RC4, because RSA has never officially released the algorithm), to avoid possible trademark problems. It has become part of some commonly used encryption protocols and standards, including WEP and WPA for wireless cards and TLS.

paragraphs: The two main reasons which helped its use over such a big range of applications are its speed and simplicity. Uses of RC4 in both software and hardware are extremely easy to develop.

paragraphs: The RC4 encryption algorithm is started with a different key length, usually between 40 and 256 bits, using the "key-scheduling" algorithm (KSA). Once this has been completed, the stream of encrypted bits is created using the "pseudo-random generation algorithm" (PRGA).

paragraphs: RC4 fails the standards set by cryptographers for a secure cipher in many ways, and is not recommended for use in new applications as there are a lot of methods of attacking RC4. Dropping the first kilobyte of data from the keystream can improve the security somewhat.

paragraphs: Where a cryptosystem is marked with "(optionally)", RC4 is one of several ciphers the system can be set to use.


title: General Electric

paragraphs: General Electric is a big and multinational company based in the United States. It was created in 1892 by Thomas Edison through merging several companies that initially made electrical things. In the middle 20th century it became a major maker of turbojet engines and now makes many things.

paragraphs: As of 2008, they are the third biggest company in the world. In May 2020, it sold its light bulb business.


title: Blowfish (cipher)

paragraphs: In cryptography, Blowfish is a keyed, symmetric block cipher, made in 1993 by Bruce Schneier and since 1993 has been included(put together) in a large number of encryption products. Blowfish has a good encryption rate in software and until 2008 no cryptanalytic attack model of it has been found. However, the AES block cipher algorithm now has more attention.

paragraphs: Schneier made Blowfish as a general-purpose algorithm, to be used as a replacement for the old DES algorithm and to remove the problems and difficulties of other encryption algorithms. At the time Blowfish was released, many other algorithms were proprietary, or were secrets. Schneier has said that, "Blowfish is unpatented, and will remain so in all countries. The algorithm is hereby placed in the public domain, and can be freely used by anyone."

paragraphs: Main features of the design include key-dependent S-boxes and a very complex key schedule. Blowfish is one of the fastest block ciphers used by many people, except when changing keys. Each new key needs to be pre-processed which takes the same time as encrypting about 4 kilobytes of text, which is very slow compared to other block ciphers. This stops its use in certain applications (such as in the smallest embedded systems like the early smartcards), but it is not a problem in other applications. In one of the applications, it is actually good: the password-hashing method used in OpenBSD uses an algorithm that comes from Blowfish which makes use of the slow key schedule; the idea is that the extra computational effort required gives protection against dictionary attacks. "See" key strengthening.

paragraphs: Blowfish has a 64-bit block size and a variable key length from 0 up to 448 bits

paragraphs: It is a 16-round Feistel cipher and uses large key-dependent S-boxes. It is similar in structure to CAST-128, which uses fixed S-boxes.

paragraphs: In 1996, Serge Vaudenay found a known-plaintext attack needing 2 known plaintexts to break, where "r" is the number of rounds. Moreover, he also found a class of weak keys that can be detected and broken by the same attack with only 2 known plaintexts. This attack cannot be used against the regular Blowfish; it assumes knowledge of the key-dependent S-boxes. Vincent Rijmen, in his Ph.D. papers, introduced a second-order differential attack that can break four rounds and no more. Still there is no known way to break the full 16 rounds, apart from a brute-force search.

paragraphs: A sign extension bug in one of the published C code has been found in 1996.

paragraphs: There is no good cryptanalysis on the full-round version of Blowfish known publicly till 2008. However, in 2007, Bruce Schneier noted that while Blowfish is still in use, he recommended using the new Twofish algorithm instead


title: Hal Colebatch

paragraphs: Sir Harry Pateshall Colebatch (29 March 1872 – 12 February 1953) was the 12th Premier of Western Australia from 17 April to 17 May 1919. He was from the Nationalist Party. He was Premier for the shortest time in Western Australian history. This was because he was a member of the upper house of Parliament and it was usual for the Premier to be from the lower house. When he could not find a position in the lower house he resigned.


title: Henry Lefroy

paragraphs: Sir Henry Bruce Lefroy (24 March 1854 – 19 March 1930) was the 11th Premier of Western Australia from 28 June 1917 to 17 April 1919. He was from the Nationalist Party. He became premier after the Australian Labor Party split over the issue of conscription. Labor politicians led by John Scaddan agreed to join the Nationalist Party if Lefory was the leader, not Frank Wilson. He found it diificult to keep control over a government formed by different political parties. When it was discovered that he had used his casting vote in a Cabinet meeting to keep the leadership, he was forced to resign. He lost his seat in the 1921 elections and retired back to his farm.


title: Chevvy Pennycook

paragraphs: Chevvy Pennycook (born 6 April 1987 in Bristol, England) is a rugby union player for Bristol Rugby in the Guinness Premiership. He plays as a flanker.


title: John Scaddan

paragraphs: John Scaddan (4 August 1876 – 21 November 1934) was the 10th Premier of Western Australia from 7 October 1911 to 27 July 1916. He was from the Labor Party. He was only 35 when he won a record majority of seats in the 1911 elections, making him the youngest premier of Western Australia.

paragraphs: His parents were from Cornwall and had moved to Moonta to work in the large copper mines. They later moved to Eaglehawk, near Bendigo where Scaddan worked in the gold mines and studied to be an engine driver. In 1896 he moved to the Western Australian goldfields. He was elected to parliament in 1904 where he became famous for his long speeches, some going for me than three hours. He became premier when the Labor Party won the 1911 election. He believed that the government should own and control businesses and he set up state owned shipping lines, brickworks, sawmills, trams, abattoirs, fishing, quarries and even a hotel. While many of these were well run, many were not, and a costly failure at the Wyndham freezing works led to a loss of support. At the next election he only won by two seats. When one ALP member disappeared, and another resigned in 1916, the Country Party were able to form a new government with help from the Liberal Party.

paragraphs: When the Labor Party split on conscription, Scaddan who supported it, joined the new National Labor Party. He later joined the Country Party. He was elected in and out of parliament over the next 15 years. He felt Western Australia was not treated fairly by the government of Australia, and was on a committee which looked at how Western Australia could become an independent country. He died suddenly from a Cerebral hemorrhage in 1934.


title: Frank Wilson

paragraphs: Frank Wilson (12 May 1859 – 7 December 1918) was the 9th Premier of Western Australia from 16 September 1910 until 7 October 1911 and then again from 27 July 1916 until 28 June 1917. He was a member of the various conservative political parties which were formed in Western Australia, including the Liberal Party, the Liberal League, and the Ministerialist Party. He was defeated by the Australian Labor Party in the elections of October 1911. He was able to form a group of anti-labor members in 1916 and become premier a second time. He lost this support when the Country Party was able to form a National Party to support the war effort. He lost his seat in the parliament to the County Party by only four votes in October 1917. Seriously ill with cancer, he died a few months later.


title: Newton Moore

paragraphs: Sir Newton James Moore (17 May 1870 – 28 October 1936) was the 8th Premier of Western Australia from 7 May 1906 until 16 September 1910. He became the premier when Rason resigned. He resigned as premier in 1910 and moved to London to become agent-general for Western Australia. During World War I he joined the Australian Army as an officer. After the war he was elected to the British House of Commons, taking over former Australian Prime Minister Sir George Reid's seat. In his first speech to the parliament he said that women should be able to become members of parliament.


title: Mathew Turner

paragraphs: Mathew Turner (born 18 January 1988 in Cape Town) is a South African rugby union player for Bristol Rugby in the Guinness Premiership. He plays as on the wing.


title: Andrew Card

paragraphs: Andrew Hill "Andy" Card Jr. (born May 10, 1947) is an American politician and lobbyist, former United States Cabinet member, and head of George W. Bush's White House Iraq Group. Card served as U.S. Secretary of Transportation under George H. W. Bush and the White House Chief of Staff under his son. He announced his resignation as Chief of Staff March 28, 2006, effective April 14, 2006.


title: Eton College

paragraphs: Eton College, or just Eton, is a British independent school for boys founded in 1440 by King Henry VI, as the King's College of Our Lady of Eton.

paragraphs: Eton College is in Eton, near Windsor in the English county of Berkshire. It is north of Windsor Castle. The school is one of the original nine English "public schools" as defined by the Public Schools Act 1868. The school is a member of the Eton Group of independent schools in the United Kingdom. Tony Little is the headmaster. For every 8 pupils there is one teacher.

paragraphs: Eton is a full boarding school. All pupils live at the school. It is one of four such remaining boys' public schools (the others being Winchester College, Harrow School, and Radley College). Eton has educated generations of British and foreign aristocracy and members of the Royal family, the most recent being Prince William and his brother Prince Harry. The list of graduates includes nineteen former British Prime Ministers, including David Cameron. "The Good Schools Guide" has called the school "the number one boys' public school," adding, "The teaching and facilities are second to none." The school is a member of the G20 Schools Group. It is a charity.


title: PuTTY

paragraphs: PuTTY is a terminal emulator application which can act as a client for the SSH, Telnet, rlogin, and raw TCP computing protocols. The word "PuTTY" has no meaning, though 'tty' is sometimes used to refer to the Unix terminals, as an acronym for 'teletype'.

paragraphs: PuTTY was first written for Microsoft Windows, but it has been ported to other operating systems including some Unix-like platforms. Mac OS and Mac OS X are still being ported, while unofficial ports have been ported it to the Symbian and Windows Mobile operating systems.

paragraphs: PuTTY is currently beta software. Licensed under the MIT License, and it is free and open source software.

paragraphs: The versions available are made up of some or all of the following programs:


title: Secure copy

paragraphs: Secure Copy or SCP is a method of securely transferring computer files between a local and a remote host or between two remote hosts, using the SSH protocol.


title: Migros

paragraphs: Migros is a supermarket chain found in Switzerland and other countries.

paragraphs: It was started in 1925 by Gottfried Duttweiler. He started in Zürich with a wagon and sold products 40% cheaper than others. At first he sold only coffee, rice, sugar, noodles, coconut oil and soap. Later, he started selling more and in 1926, Duttweiler built his first market, also in Zürich.


title: SSH file transfer protocol

paragraphs: In computing, the SSH File Transfer Protocol (sometimes called Secure File Transfer Protocol or SFTP) is a network protocol that implements file transfer between computers. It is often used as more secure alternative of an FTP protocol, which transmits file contents, folder contents and even passwords without encryption.

paragraphs: SFTP protocol is built on top of SSH protocol which is used as a transport layer over the port 22 and is implemented by an SSH server such as OpenSSH.

paragraphs: SFTP is different from SCP, which is another protocol relying on an SSH connection. It is also different from FTPS, which used SSL to encrypt the connection itself, rather than sending the data through an SSH tunnel.

paragraphs: Many popular FTP programs have added support for SFTP. Access to the SFTP server can be granted either through a username, a password or by using a public key.


title: Computer security

paragraphs: Computer security is a branch of information technology known as information security which is intended to protect computers. Computer security has three main goals:

paragraphs: Computer security involves telling computers what they are "not to do". This makes computer security unique because most programming makes computers "do" things. Security takes much of a computer's power.

paragraphs: Basic computer security methods (in approximate order of strength) can be:

paragraphs: An example of complexity and pervasiveness of the issue is vending machines, per "Hackers Lurking in Vents and Soda Machines" April 7, 2014 New York Times.


title: Mark Odejobi

paragraphs: Mark Odejobi born 18 January, 1988 in London, England is a rugby union player for London Wasps in the Guinness Premiership. He plays as a winger.


title: Damien Varley

paragraphs: Damien Varley (born 29 October 1983 in Limerick) is an Irish rugby union player for Munster in the Pro 12 and Heineken Cup. He plays as a Hooker. Varley plays his club rugby with Garryowen. Before he played for the London Wasps.


title: Crayon Shin-chan

paragraphs: Crayon Shin-chan (, "Kureyon Shin-chan", also known as Shin-chan in other countries) is a Japanese manga and anime series written by Yoshito Usui. It has 56 (including the New Crayon Shin-chan series) manga volumes. The anime has been broadcast since 1992, and there are twenty-four movies as of 2016. They are popular all over the world. The anime program Shinchan has more than 900 episodes. This show is broadcasteon Tv Asahi in Japan and on Hungama TV in India.

paragraphs: Shinnosuke "Shin-chan" Nohara is a little boy who does everything he can to annoy his parents and teachers (and succeeds), but he only means the best. He just tries to have a good time and sometimes annoys people in the process.

paragraphs: There have been other specials in which feature-length movies were broadcast on television rather than in theaters.

paragraphs: The special crossover episode "Kamen Rider Den-O + Shin-O" aired in 2007 to promote the "Kamen Rider Den-O" movie. A second special series was aired in April 2012 featuring Shin-chan and "Kamen Rider Fourze" to not only promote "Crayon Shin-chan: The Storm Called!: Me and the Space Princess", but also "".


title: Hamtaro

paragraphs: The Adventures of Hamtaro (とっとこハム太郎, "Tottoko Hamutarō", literally "Trotting Hamtaro") is a children's storybook series by Ritsuko Kawai. The main character is a hamster named Hamtaro.

paragraphs: After moving into a new town, Hamtaro finds that he's in the company of lots of different hamsters, making up a group of hamster friends that go on crazy adventures through the city. Before they save Laura and other humans from nasty predicaments, however, they have to learn how to save themselves.


title: Finn Harps F.C.

paragraphs: Finn Harps are a football team in County Donegal, Republic of Ireland. They play in the Eircom Premier Division.


title: Sadomasochism

paragraphs: Sadomasochism is a word which is mostly used in a social (non-medical) way. It means that people get together to either give or receive pain and humiliation. Usually it's a form of sex play.

paragraphs: "Sadists" enjoy inflicting pain on others or humiliating them. "Masochists" get pleasure from being tortured, hurt, or humiliated.