title: Pickup truck

paragraphs: A pickup truck is a type of vehicle that is designed to move things.

paragraphs: The back of the truck is open, like some other types of trucks. It is very powerful for its small size. Pickup trucks have different shapes, sizes, and uses. Sometimes people would go ride in the back of the trucks to work. The back of the truck where the goods are placed is called a "cargo bed". The cargo bed may be covered with a "tonneau cover" made of cloth, metal or plastic, to protect the cargo from rain and dirt.

paragraphs: Pickup trucks are easy to load and unload. They are especially popular in the countryside, where they are used to carry various agricultural cargo or tools.

paragraphs: Pickup trucks often have the same chassis as vans. Usually, pickup trucks are same size as normal cars. You usually may drive a pickup truck with the same driver's license as an ordinary car, but heavy pickup trucks may require a light truck license. The smallest pickup trucks are made from scooters by replacing the rear seat and rear wheel with an axle and cargo bed, and some have only three wheels.

paragraphs: A pickup truck can be turned into an improvised military vehicle by installing a machine gun or a light cannon on the cargo bed. Such cars are called ""technicals"", and they are especially popular in Africa.


title: Kennedy Space Center

paragraphs: The John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) is a spaceport in Merritt Island, Florida, USA. It is one of the ten main locations of NASA.Since December 1968, Kennedy Space Center has been the main launch center of human spaceflight of the United States. It borders on the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, which helps the Space Center.

paragraphs: There are about 700 facilities and buildings in the of KSC. The unique facilities of KSC are the tall "Vehicle Assembly Building", the Launch Complex 39 (39A, 39B and 39C), the long "Shuttle Landing Facility", the 4-storey tall "Launch Control Center", and the "Visitor Complex".

paragraphs: The Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) is the largest building at KSC. It assemble large rockets, for example the Saturn V and the Space Shuttle. The future rocket Space Launch System (SLS) will also be assembled there.

paragraphs: The Launch Complex 39 (LC-39) is a rocket launch facility of KSC. The site was originally made for the Apollo program. Later, it was modified for the Space Shuttle program. , only Pad 39A is in use to launch SpaceX's Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy. Pad 39B is modifying for NASA's Space Launch System. The Pad 39C was added in 2015 for small rocket launches, although it is not in use.

paragraphs: The Shuttle Landing Facility (SLF) is an airport of KSC. It was used for landing of the Space Shuttle until 2011. It is also used for take offs and landings for NASA airplanes, for example the Shuttle Carrier Aircraft and some civilian airplanes.

paragraphs: The Launch Control Center (LCC) is a building at KSC. It controls the rocket launches from Launch Complex 39.

paragraphs: Several factory buildings are on-site at KSC, for the manufacture and processing of space station components. They include the Space Station Processing Facility (SSPF), and the Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building (O&C).

paragraphs: The Visitor Complex is the visitor center of KSC. It has exhibits and displays, historic spacecraft and memorabilia, movies, and a bus tour of the KSC. , about 1,700,000 people visited the center.


title: Bradleys Head Fortification Complex

paragraphs: The Bradleys Head Fort is near Toronga Park Zoo. This fort was part of Sydney Harbour’s protection plan. It [the fort] remembers a time when the colony of New South Wales became more aware of its isolation and wealth. The fort is on Bradleys Head Road, Mosman, New South Wales, Australia.

paragraphs: They first started work to build the fort in 1840-42. It had a gun pit (special place for the cannon to sit and fire from) and firing wall (pictured in intro) that was built out of large blocks of sandstone and carved partly from the original rock that was already there. The first part of the building process around this time was done under the watchful eye of Major George Barney, a Commanding Royal Engineer who used hired workers provided by Governor Gipps.

paragraphs: In 1871 the fort got an extra barracks. The barracks were made from large sandstone blocks and carved out of the rock on the headland. This addition was the work of James Barnet, a colonial architect. This most recent add-on had three gun pits and had connecting walkways for the people in the army that worked there. The upgrade of 1871 was complementary to some of the larger fortifications being constructed during the same period.

paragraphs: The site is now part of the Sydney Harbour Federation Trust.


title: Arnsberg Government Region

paragraphs: Arnsberg is one of the five Regierungsbezirke of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, in the southeast of the country. It covers the Sauerland hills as well as the east part of the Ruhr area.


title: Altdorf, Schaffhausen

paragraphs: Altdorf was a municipality in the municipality of Thayngen and the canton of Schaffhausen in northern Switzerland.


title: Bargen, Schaffhausen

paragraphs: Bargen is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.


title: Undervelier

paragraphs: Undervelier is a former municipality of the district of Delémont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. On 1 January 2013 the former municipalities of Undervelier, Bassecourt, Courfaivre, Glovelier and Soulce merged into the new municipality of Haute-Sorne.


title: Canton of Schaffhausen

paragraphs: Schaffhausen is a canton of Switzerland. The capital city of the canton is Schaffhausen.

paragraphs: The canton of Schaffhausen is the canton of Switzerland farthest north, located to the north of Zurich.

paragraphs: The Rhine Falls are the largest waterfalls in Europe and lie on the border of the canton of Schaffhausen, the canton of Zurich and Germany.


title: Vellerat

paragraphs: Vellerat was a municipality in Delémont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. On 1 January 2019 the former municipalities of Rebeuvelier and Vellerat merged into the municipality of Courrendlin.


title: Vermes, Switzerland

paragraphs: Vermes was a municipality, in the new municipality of Val Terbi and district of Delémont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.


title: Rhine Falls

paragraphs: The Rhine Falls, called the Rheinfall in Switzerland, are the biggest waterfalls of Europe.

paragraphs: They can be found in the High Rhine in the upper parts of the river Rhine, in the municipalities of Neuhausen am Rheinfall and Laufen-Uhwiesen, near the town of Schaffhausen in the north part of Switzerland and close to the German border. They are 150 meters (450 ft) wide and 23 meters (75 ft) tall.

paragraphs: The Rhine Falls were made in the last ice age about 14,000 to 17,000 years ago.


title: Beggingen

paragraphs: Beggingen is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.


title: Beringen, Switzerland

paragraphs: Beringen is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland. Since 2013, Guntmadingen part of the municipality.


title: Bibern

paragraphs: Bibern can be one of two municipalities in Switzerland:


title: Bibern, Schaffhausen

paragraphs: Bibern is a former municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland. On 1 January 2009 the former municipalities of Bibern, Altdorf, Hofen and Opfertshofen merged into the municipality of Thayngen.


title: Vicques, Switzerland

paragraphs: Vicques is a former municipality of the district of Delémont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.

paragraphs: On 1 January 2013 the former municipalities of Vicques, Montsevelier and Vermes merged into the new municipality of Val Terbi.


title: Le Bémont

paragraphs: Le Bémont is a municipality of the district of Franches-Montagnes in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.


title: Raisin bread

paragraphs: Raisin bread is a type of bread that has raisins in it. Most people think of it as sweet bread, and it sometimes has cinnamon in it. It can be eaten as toast or as a dessert. Raisin bread is normally sold pre-sliced and often eaten in Northern Europe and the United States. Raisin bread is normally brown in color from the cinnamon. It is normally dryer than normal bread.


title: Robert Dyas

paragraphs: Robert Dyas is a large United Kingdom company. They sell goods that people can use in their homes and gardens. The company has over 100 stores in Greater London and South East England.

paragraphs: The company was established in 1872. It was taken over in 2004 by Change Capital, headed by former Marks and Spencer chairman Luc Vandevelde and former M&S CEO and head of B&Q Roger Holmes.


title: Buch, Schaffhausen

paragraphs: Buch is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.


title: Buchberg

paragraphs: Buchberg is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.


title: Cologne Government Region

paragraphs: Cologne Government Region is one of the five governmental districts of the German Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia. It is in the southwest of that state. It# covers the hills of the Eifel as well as the Bergisches Land.

paragraphs: It was made in 1815, when Prussia reorganised its districts.


title: Büttenhardt

paragraphs: Büttenhardt is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.


title: Dörflingen

paragraphs: Dörflingen is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.


title: Gächlingen

paragraphs: Gächlingen is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.


title: Guntmadingen

paragraphs: Guntmadingen was a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland. Since 2013, it is part of the municipality of Beringen.


title: Hallau

paragraphs: Hallau is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.


title: Hemishofen

paragraphs: Hemishofen is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.


title: Hemmental

paragraphs: Hemmental is a former municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland. Since 2009, it is part of the municipality of Schaffhausen.


title: Hofen, Switzerland

paragraphs: Hofen was a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland. It is on the border with Baden-Württemberg in Germany. On 1 January 2009 the former municipalities of Hofen, Altdorf, Bibern and Opfertshofen merged into the municipality of Thayngen.


title: Lohn, Schaffhausen

paragraphs: Lohn is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.


title: Löhningen

paragraphs: Löhningen is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.


title: Detmold Government Region

paragraphs: Detmold () is one of the five Regierungsbezirke of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is in the northeast of the state.

paragraphs: The Regierungsbezirk was created in 1947 when the old state of Lippe was put into North Rhine-Westphalia and joined to the old "Regierungsbezirk Minden". Regierungsbezirk Minden was one of the original Regierungsbezirke, formed in 1815.


title: Merishausen

paragraphs: Merishausen is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.


title: Neuhausen am Rheinfall

paragraphs: Neuhausen am Rheinfall is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.

paragraphs: The municipality is known for the Rhine Falls, Europe's largest waterfall.


title: Neunkirch

paragraphs: Neunkirch is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.


title: Oberhallau

paragraphs: Oberhallau is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.


title: Opfertshofen

paragraphs: Opfertshofen was a municipality in the municipality of Thayngen and the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.


title: Ramsen

paragraphs: Ramsen is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in northern Switzerland.


title: Rüdlingen

paragraphs: Rüdlingen is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.


title: Düsseldorf Government Region

paragraphs: Düsseldorf is one of the five Regierungsbezirke of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, in the northwest of the country. It covers the western part of the Ruhr Area. It is the most populated of all German administrative areas of the kind.

paragraphs: It was formed in 1815 when Prussia first made districts.


title: Schleitheim

paragraphs: Schleitheim is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland. It is located directly at the border to Germany.


title: Siblingen

paragraphs: Siblingen is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.


title: Stein am Rhein

paragraphs: Stein am Rhein is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.


title: Stetten, Schaffhausen

paragraphs: Stetten is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.


title: Stetten

paragraphs: Stetten can be one of many different places:

paragraphs: Stetten is the name of two Swiss municipalities:


title: Thayngen

paragraphs: Thayngen is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland. On 1 January 2009 Altdorf, Bibern, Hofen, Opfertshofen merged into Thayngen.


title: Trasadingen

paragraphs: Trasadingen is a municipality of the canton Schaffhausen in Switzerland.


title: Wilchingen

paragraphs: Wilchingen is a municipality of the canton Schaffhausen in Switzerland. Osterfingen was added to this municipality in 2005.


title: 112 (band)

paragraphs: 112 (""one-twelve"") is an American R&B quartet that came from Atlanta, Georgia. They started in 1991. In 1997 they won a Grammy Award.


title: Bucheggberg (district)

paragraphs: Bucheggberg is one of the 10 districts of the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland, found in the southwest of the canton.

paragraphs: Bucheggberg contains the following municipalities:


title: Dorneck (district)

paragraphs: Dorneck is one of the 10 districts of the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland, found in the north of the canton.

paragraphs: Dorneck contains the following municipalities:


title: Gäu (district)

paragraphs: Gäu is one of the 10 districts of the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland, found in the center of the canton.

paragraphs: Gäu contains the following municipalities:


title: Gösgen (district)

paragraphs: Gösgen is one of the 10 districts of the canton of Solothurn, Switzerland, found in the northeast of the canton.

paragraphs: Gösgen contains the following municipalities:


title: Snap!

paragraphs: Snap! is an electronic music group created by German producers Michael Münzing and Luca Anzilotti.


title: Boney M.

paragraphs: Boney M. was a pop and disco group created by West German record producer Frank Farian. They were very successful in the 1970s.

paragraphs: Singles chart peaking in various countries. Includes U.S. Hot Dance Club Play chart entries.


title: Münster Government Region

paragraphs: Münster is one of the five "Regierungsbezirke" of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, in the north of the state.

paragraphs: The "Regierungsbezirk" was made in 1815. This means it is one of the original 25 "Regierungsbezirke" made to help govern Prussia.

paragraphs: The last time the boundaries of the region were changed was 1975. This was when the number of districts was changed from 10 to 5, and the number of district-free cities (urban districts) from six to three.


title: Caffè Nero

paragraphs: Caffè Nero (Italian for "black coffee") or Caffè Nero Group Plc is a British coffee shop chain. It was established in 1997 and runs more than 330 shops nationwide.


title: Costa Coffee

paragraphs: Costa Coffee is a British multinational coffeehouse company headquartered in Dunstable, Bedfordshire, and a wholly owned subsidiary of Coca Cola. It is the second largest coffeehouse chain in the world behind Starbucks and the largest in Britain.

paragraphs: Costa Coffee was founded in London in 1971 by the Costa family as a wholesale operation supplying roasted coffee to caterers and specialist Italian coffee shops. Acquired by Whitbread in 1995 for £19M, it has since grown to over 3,277 stores across 31 countries. The business has 2,121 UK restaurants, over 6,000 Costa Express vending facilities and a further 1,280 outlets overseas (including 395 in China).

paragraphs: Italian Immigrant brothers Bruno and Sergio Costa founded a coffee roastery in Lambeth, London, in 1971, supplying local caterers. The family had moved to England in the 1960s. Costa branched out to selling coffee in 1978, when its first store opened on Vauxhall Bridge Road, London.

paragraphs: In 1985, Sergio bought out Bruno's share of the company. Bruno went on to found a tableware company. By 1995, the chain had 41 stores in UK. In 1995, the business was acquired by Whitbread for £19M, UK's largest hotel and coffee shop operator, becoming a wholly owned subsidiary. In 2009, Costa opened its 1,000th store - in Cardiff. In December 2009, Costa Coffee agreed to acquire Coffee Heaven for £36 million, adding 79 stores in central and eastern Europe.

paragraphs: 31st August 2018. Coca Cola offer to pay £3.9 billion for Costa Coffee from Whitbread, the acquisition is expected to go through over the next few months.


title: Yves Ternon

paragraphs: Yves Ternon (born in 1932 in France) is a French historian specializing on historical research of the Jewish Holocaust and the Armenian Genocide. He is a doctor of history of University Paris IV Sorbonne. He is also an active member of "Doctors Without Borders" organization.


title: Israel Charny

paragraphs: Israel W. Charny, Hebrew: ישראל טשרני , (born 1931 in Brooklyn, New York City) is an Israeli psychologist and genocide scholar. He is a world renowned genocide expert. He is the editor of the two-volume "Encyclopedia of Genocide". He is executive director of the Institute on the Holocaust and Genocide in Jerusalem.

paragraphs: An affiliate of the Institute for the Study of Genocide, the International Association of Genocide Scholars was founded in 1994 by Israel Charny and other historians.

paragraphs: He has been devoted to the study of the Holocaust and genocide since the mid 1960s. His first publication on the subject which appeared in Jewish Education in 1968 was "Teaching the Violence of the Holocaust: A Challenge to Educating Potential Future Oppressors and Victims for Nonviolence."


title: Vahakn Dadrian

paragraphs: Professor Vahakn N. Dadrian (May 26, 1926 – August 2, 2019) was a researcher and historian of the Armenian Genocide. He was the director of Genocide Research at "Zoryan Institute".

paragraphs: Dadrian was born in Istanbul. He first studied mathematics at the University of Berlin, after which he decided to switch to a completely different field, and studied history at the University of Vienna, and later, international law at the University of Zürich. He completed his Ph.D. in sociology from the University of Chicago.

paragraphs: Dadrian was a Professor of Sociology, and an internationally renowned expert on the Armenian genocide.

paragraphs: The particularity of Dadrian's research is that by mastering many languages, including German, English, French, Turkish, Ottoman Turkish and Armenian.


title: David Selby

paragraphs: David Lynn Selby (born February 5, 1941 in Morgantown, West Virginia) is an American actor, mostly in movies, soap operas and on television.

paragraphs: The son of Clyde Ira Selby and Sarah E. McIntyre Selby, he went to West Virginia University in the town of his birth, getting him a Bachelor of Science and a Master's degree in theater, and after that, a Ph.D. from Southern Illinois University.

paragraphs: In 1998, West Virginia University gave Selby its first Life Achievement Award from the College of Creative Arts.


title: Publius Ovidius Naso

paragraphs: Publius Ovidius Naso. better known as Ovid in the English-speaking world, was an Ancient Roman poet. He was born on March 20, 43 BC in Sulmona, then called "Sulmo". People today do not know when he died. It was probably either 17 AD or 18 AD. He died in Tomis, which is modern-day Constanţa in Romania.

paragraphs: With Virgil and Horace he is considered among the three great poets of Latin literature. Ovid usually wrote in verses. Ovid was the most widely read classical author in medieval times and the Renaissance.


title: Lebern (district)

paragraphs: Lebern is one of the 10 districts of the canton of Solothurn, Switzerland, found in the west of the canton.

paragraphs: Lebern contains the following municipalities:


title: Olten (district)

paragraphs: Olten is one of the 10 districts of the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland, found by the city of Olten.

paragraphs: Olten contains the following municipalities:


title: Thal (district)

paragraphs: Thal is one of the 10 districts of the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland, found in the center of the canton.

paragraphs: Thal contains the following municipalities:


title: Thierstein (district)

paragraphs: Thierstein is one of the 10 districts of the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland, found in the north of the canton.


title: Wasseramt (district)

paragraphs: Wasseramt is one of the 10 districts of the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland, found in the south of the canton.

paragraphs: Wasseramt contains these municipalities:


title: Waterboarding

paragraphs: Waterboarding is a type of torture that has been used for a long time. It was often used to make people confess.

paragraphs: The victim is tied onto a table or wooden board. The questioner has a helper, whose job it is to pour water on the victim's nose and mouth through a towel or cloth, to make it difficult for him to breathe. If and when the victim is supplying answers that the questioner deems acceptable, the victim (ideally) is permitted to breathe.

paragraphs: In modern times waterboarding has been in use in Guantanamo Bay and has been a major political argument. Its use by American forces was banned by President Barack Obama in 2009.


title: Aedermannsdorf

paragraphs: Aedermannsdorf is a municipality of the district Thal in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.


title: Aeschi

paragraphs: Aeschi is a municipality of the district of Wasseramt in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland. Burgäschisee is a lake in the forest on the border with Seeberg.

paragraphs: The municipality of Steinhof merged on 1 January 2012 into the municipality of Aeschi.


title: Burgäschisee

paragraphs: Burgäschisee is a lake by Aeschi in Switzerland. It is on the border of the cantons of Berne and Solothurn. The lake has a surface area of . It is deep at its deepest point.


title: Aetigkofen

paragraphs: Aetigkofen is a former municipality in the new municipality of Buchegg and district Bucheggberg in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.


title: Aetingen

paragraphs: Aetingen is a former municipality in the new municipality of Buchegg and in the district Bucheggberg in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.


title: Balm bei Günsberg

paragraphs: Balm bei Günsberg is a municipality in the district Lebern in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.


title: Balsthal

paragraphs: Balsthal is a municipality in the district Thal in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.


title: Beinwil, Solothurn

paragraphs: Beinwil is a municipality in the district Thierstein in Canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.


title: Bellach

paragraphs: Bellach is a municipality in the district Lebern in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.


title: Bettlach, Switzerland

paragraphs: Bettlach is a municipality in the district Lebern in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.


title: Biberist

paragraphs: Biberist is a municipality in the district Wasseramt in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.


title: Biezwil

paragraphs: Biezwil is a municipality in the district Bucheggberg, in the canton of Solothurn, Switzerland.


title: Bolken

paragraphs: Bolken is a municipality in the district Wasseramt in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.


title: Boningen

paragraphs: Boningen is a municipality in the district Olten in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.


title: Thousand Islands Bridge

paragraphs: The Thousand Islands Bridge is an international bridge that goes over the Saint Lawrence River. It connects the north part of New York in the United States with south east part of Ontario in Canada. It was made in 1937. Builders added parts in 1959. The bridge goes over the edge that Canada and United States share in the middle of the Thousand Islands area. It gets its name from the name of the area. The bridge is governed by the Thousand Island Bridge Authority, an agency that works around the world.

paragraphs: The bridge is actually not a single bridge. It is really a lot of bridges that go across parts of the St. Lawrence River, eventually connecting both sides. The south end of the bridge connects with Interstate 81, an interstate. The north side of the bridge connects to Highway 137, a highway in Ontario. There is also an intersection with the Thousand Islands Parkway, a mini highway on the Ontario side.

paragraphs: Thousand Island Bridge Authority is doing a study to find out when the bridge will get to its working limits and how to make no waiting time on the bridge.

paragraphs: The international border is actually between Wellesley Island in the United States and Hill Island in Canada.

paragraphs: The bridge is actually much taller than it appears in the photograph to the right. The highest point is 150 feet above the water.


title: Siege of Orleans

paragraphs: The Siege of Orleans (1428 – 1429) was an important event in the Hundred Years' War between France and England. This was Joan of Arc's first success and the first big success for the French since the Battle of Agincourt in 1415.

paragraphs: The city of Orleans was at an important place on the river Loire. The English controlled large parts of France when they started the siege, and Orleans was the last thing stopping them from attacking the rest of France. There was not much south of the river to defend the people who served Charles VII of France, so the English came close to joining their northern lands in France with the land they controlled at Aquitaine.

paragraphs: The siege started on October 12, 1428 and its only major action until Joan of Arc arrived was the Battle of the Herrings. She initiated several attacks that ended the siege on May 8, 1429 - nine days after her arrival.


title: Battle of Agincourt

paragraphs: The Battle of Agincourt was fought on 25 October

paragraphs: 1415 and was a major win for England against France in the Hundred Years' War. It led to several later English victories. Henry V of England led the English army and Constable of France Charles d'Albret led a larger French army. King Charles of France didn't engage because he was mentally unwell but Henry V was involved in hand to hand combat.

paragraphs: The English longbow was an important weapon for killing and winning this battle. Henry V was struck by an axe but his helmet saved him. The English army used wooden archer's stakes to protect the archers from French mounted knights. The English took prisoners but because of bloodlust and the amount of men the prisoners were killed. Overall the French lost 8000 men and the English lost 100 but historians are unsure of the actual numbers.


title: Charles V of France

paragraphs: Charles V (21 January 1338 – 16 September 1380), called the Wise, was the King of France from 1364 to his death and a member of the House of Valois. He was born in Vincennes, the son of King John II of France and Bona of Luxembourg. After his father was captured by the English at the Battle of Poitiers (1356), Charles acted as the ruler of France. His reign marked a high point for France during the Hundred Years' War. His armies recovered large parts of the territory that had been given to England at the Treaty of Brétigny.


title: Émile Zola

paragraphs: Émile Zola () (2 April 1840 – 29 September 1902) was a major French writer and the most important naturalist writer. He worked toward political liberalization of France.

paragraphs: Zola was nominated for the first and second Nobel Prize in Literature in 1901 and 1902. His death from carbon monoxide poisoning is suspected to have been murder.


title: Capetian dynasty

paragraphs: The Capetian Dynasty includes any of the direct descendants of Hugh Capet of France. King Felipe VI of Spain and the grand duke of Luxembourg are members of this family, both through the Bourbon branch of the dynasty.

paragraphs: The "direct Capetians" ruled France from the years 987-1328. After that the junior House of Valois ruled France until 1589, and the House of Bourbon ruled until the revolution of 1792.


title: Charles the Bald

paragraphs: Charles the Bald (13 June 823 - 6 October 877) was King "Charles II" of France (843-877) and also "Charles II" of the Holy Roman Empire (875-877) and King of West Francia (840-877).

paragraphs: Charles married Ermentrude, daughter of Odo I, Count of Orléans, in 842. She died in 869. In 870, Charles married Richilde of Provence, who was descended from a noble family of Lorraine.


title: Louis the Stammerer

paragraphs: Louis the Stammerer (November 1, 846 — April 10, 879; ), was the oldest son of Charles the Bald and Ermentrude of Orléans. He became King of France after his father in France in 877. Unlike his father, he never became Holy Roman Emperor.

paragraphs: In 878, Louis is crowned king by Pope John VIII

paragraphs: Louis the Stammerer married twice. With his first wife Ansgarde of Burgundy he had two sons: Louis III of France (born in 863) and Carloman, King of the West Franks (born in 866). Both of them became kings of France. They also had two daughters: Hildegarde (born in 864) and Gisela (865–884). With his second wife, Adelaide of Paris, he had one daughter, Ermentrude (875–914) — who was the mother of Cunigunde, wife of the Count Palatine Wigerich of Bidgau; they were the ancestors of the House of Luxemburg —, and a posthumous son, Charles the Simple, who also became a king of France.


title: Gabdulla Tukay

paragraphs: Gabdulla Tukay (April 26, 1886 - April 15, 1913) was a Tatar poet, a classic of the Tatar literature, a critic and a publicist. Tukay was the founder of the modern Tatar literature and the modern Tatar literary language.


title: Metropolis (movie)

paragraphs: Metropolis (1927) is a West German silent science drama movie. It was written and directed by Fritz Lang. It was made in Germany. It was the most expensive silent movie of the time. The movie is set in 2026 in a city-state called Metropolis. People have been divided into two groups. One group is the thinkers. They live on the Earth in luxury. The other group is the workers. They work underground. They make the life of the thinkers possible.

paragraphs: The movie features special effects and set design. Lang took his inspiration for the sets from Manhattan. The movie opened in Germany in January 1927. It opened in the United States in March 1927. The American print is the only surviving copy.


title: Mathematical proof

paragraphs: A mathematical proof is a way to show that a mathematical theorem is true. To prove a theorem is to show that theorem holds in all cases (where it claims to hold). To prove a statement, one can either use axioms, or theorems which have already been shown to be true. Many techniques for proving a statements exist, and these include proof by induction, proof by contraction and proof by cases.

paragraphs: One type of proof is called proof by induction. This is usually used to prove that a theorem holds for all numbers (or all numbers from some point onwards). There are 4 steps in a proof by induction.

paragraphs: 1. State that the proof will be by induction, and state which variable will be used in the induction step.

paragraphs: 2. Prove that the statement is true for some beginning case.

paragraphs: 3. Assume that for some value "n" = "n", the statement is true and has all of the properties listed in the statement. This is called the induction step.

paragraphs: 4. Show that the statement is true for the next value, "n"+1.

paragraphs: Once that is shown, it would mean that for any value of "n" that is picked, the next one is true. Since it is true for some beginning case (usually "n"=1), it's true for the next one ("n"=2). And since it is true for 2, it must be true for 3. And since it is true for 3, it must be true for 4, etc. Induction shows that it is always true, precisely because it is true for whatever comes after any given number.

paragraphs: An example of proof by induction is as follows:

paragraphs: Prove that for all natural numbers "n", 2(1+2+3+...+"n"-1+"n")="n"("n"+1).

paragraphs: Proof: First, the statement can be written as "For all natural numbers "n", 2formula_1=n(n+1)."

paragraphs: First, for n=1, 2formula_2=2(1)=1(1+1), so this is true.

paragraphs: Next, assume that for some "n"="n" the statement is true. That is, 2formula_3 = n(n+1).

paragraphs: Then for "n"="n"+1, 2formula_4 can be rewritten 2("n"+1) + 2formula_3.

paragraphs: So 2(n+1) + 2n(n+1)= 2(n+1)(n + 2), which completes the proof.

paragraphs: Proof by contradiction is a way of proving a mathematical theorem by showing that if the statement were false, then there would be a logical contradiction involved. That is, if one of the results of the theorem is assumed to be false, then there would be some inconsistency with the logic.

paragraphs: When proving a theorem by way of contradiction, it is important to note that in the beginning of the proof. This is usually abbreviated BWOC. When the contradiction appears in the proof, there is usually a ⨳ symbol involved.


title: The Wicker Man (1973 movie)

paragraphs: The Wicker Man is a cult 1973 British horror movie, made and set in Scotland. The movie was directed by Robin Hardy and written by Anthony Shaffer. It stars Edward Woodward, Christopher Lee, Diane Cilento, Ingrid Pitt and Britt Ekland. Paul Giovanni composed the soundtrack.

paragraphs: A police sergeant, Neil Howie goes to a remote island in the Hebrides to investigate the disappearance of a young girl, Rowan. He finds out that the island is run by a pagan cult who are hostile of outsiders, including him. They practice human sacrifice. He believes that Rowan will be used as their human sacrifice. The islanders force Neil into a wicker man and burn him to death.

paragraphs: "The Wicker Man" is generally very highly regarded by critics. Movie magazine "Cinefantastique" described it as "The "Citizen Kane" of Horror Movies", and in 2004 the magazine "Total Movie" named "The Wicker Man" the sixth greatest British movie of all time. It also won the 1978 Saturn Award for Best Horror movie. A scene from this movie was #45 on Bravo's "100 Scariest Movie Moments".

paragraphs: The 2006 remake of this movie stars Nicolas Cage.


title: Ushuaia

paragraphs: Ushuaia is the capital city of the Argentine province of Tierra del Fuego. It was called "the world's southernmost city". The climate is cool and wet. About 64,000 people live there.


title: Puerto Iguazú

paragraphs: Puerto Iguazú is a city in the province of Misiones, Argentina. The city is near the Iguazu Falls. More than 32,000 people live in Puerto Iguazú.


title: La Plata

paragraphs: La Plata is a capital city of the Buenos Aires province, Argentina. More than 600,000 people live there.


title: Mendoza

paragraphs: Mendoza is the capital city of the Mendoza Province in Argentina. It is the 4th largest city in Argentina.

paragraphs: It has about 111,000 inhabitants, with another 848,660 more inhabitants in the city area.


title: Córdoba Province (Argentina)

paragraphs: Córdoba has a population of 3,066,801 inhabitants (as of 2001).


title: Cristina Fernández de Kirchner

paragraphs: Cristina Elisabet Fernández de Kirchner (February 19, 1953), also called Cristina Fernández or Cristina Kirchner, is an Argentine attorney and politician. She has been the Vice President of Argentina since 2019. She was the President of Argentina from 2007 to 2015. She was born in La Plata, Buenos Aires Province. She is the daughter of Eduardo Fernandez ( of Spanish descent) a bus driver, and Ofelia Esther Wilhelm (of German descent). She is a lawyer and she was married to former Argentinian president Néstor Kirchner from 1975 until his death in 2010.

paragraphs: She was elected President in October 2007. She was re-elected to a second term in October 2011.

paragraphs: In October 2019, she was elected Vice President with Alberto Fernández as President.


title: Río Cuarto

paragraphs: Río Cuarto is a city in the center of Argentina.

paragraphs: It has over 144,000 people, making it Córdoba Province's second largest city.


title: Salta City

paragraphs: Salta is a city in the north of Argentina.

paragraphs: It is the capital of Salta Province. Over 464,678 people live there.


title: C.A. River Plate

paragraphs: Club Atlético River Plate is a football club that plays in Argentina.


title: Flag of Argentina

paragraphs: The national flag of Argentina was created in 1812 by Manuel Belgrano.

paragraphs: It has three horizontal bands in light blue, white and light blue; and a yellow sun in the center.


title: José de San Martín

paragraphs: José de San Martín (1778 - 1850) was an Argentine general and politician. He was born in Yapeyú, Corrientes, Argentina. He liberated Argentina, Peru and Chile from Spain. In 1817, he crossed the Andes from Mendoza to Chile. Together with Simón Bolívar, San Martín is called one of the Liberators of South America.


title: Tandil

paragraphs: Tandil is a city of the Buenos Aires Province, Argentina.

paragraphs: The city is about 330 km from La Plata and Bahía Blanca, 160 km from Mar del Plata, and 360 km from Buenos Aires

paragraphs: Its population is about 110,000 inhabitants.


title: Bahía Blanca

paragraphs: Bahía Blanca is a city of the Buenos Aires Province, Argentina.

paragraphs: The city was founded in 1828, it has a population is about 275,000 inhabitants.

paragraphs: It is in the coast of the Atlantic Ocean.


title: Bariloche

paragraphs: San Carlos de Bariloche is a city of Argentina in the Río Negro Province. Is the most visited city in the Patagonia.

paragraphs: The city is located on the Andes, 1570 km south-east of Buenos Aires.

paragraphs: Barilloche has a population of 93.101 inhabitants. It's the largest city in Río Negro.


title: Reservoir Dogs

paragraphs: Reservoir Dogs is a 1992 American crime drama thriller movie written and directed by Quentin Tarantino. It stars Harvey Keitel, Tim Roth, Michael Madsen, Chris Penn and Steve Buscemi. It is the first movie directed by Tarantino and is about the events before and after a jewelry store robbery that went wrong. The movie was released on October 23, 1992. The title, and promo shots associated with the movie, was a take on the violent Sam Peckinpah movie, Straw Dogs. Although Reservoir Dogs failed at the theater it found new life after being released on VHS and DVD, quickly becoming a cult classic.

paragraphs: The movie shows the events before and after a robbery at a jewelry shop in Los Angeles, California, that went wrong. The men are given nicknames with colours so that they do not know each others names; Mr. Blonde (Michael Madsen), Mr. Blue (Eddie Bunker), Mr. Brown (Quentin Tarantino), Mr. Orange (Tim Roth), Mr. Pink (Steve Buscemi), and Mr. White (Harvey Keitel). They work for a gangster Joe Cabot (Lawrence Tierney) and his son, "Nice Guy" Eddie (Chris Penn).

paragraphs: The robbery goes wrong and several of the men are killed, and Mr. Orange is shot and bleeding. The rest of the men return to the hideout and talk about what went wrong. Mr. Blonde has captured a police officer, Marvin Nash (Kirk Baltz) and beat him to try to get an answer. Mr. Blonde tries to torture the police officer while the rest of the men are away but is killed by Mr. Orange who is actually an undercover police officer.

paragraphs: The rest of the men argue and are in a Mexican standoff and are all shot. Mr. Pink, who hid from the shootout, steals the diamonds and runs away.

paragraphs: At the movie's release at the Sundance Film Festival, movie critic Jami Bernard of the "New York Daily News" compared the effect of "Reservoir Dogs" to that of the 1895 movie "L'Arrivée d'un Train en Gare de la Ciotat", where audiences watched a moving train approaching the camera and ran away frightened. Bernard claimed that "Reservoir Dogs" had a similar effect and people were not ready for it. Vincent Canby of the "New York Times" enjoyed the cast and the use of non-linear storytelling. He similarly complimented Tarantino's directing and liked the fact that he did not often use close-ups in the movie. Kenneth Turan of the "Los Angeles Times" also enjoyed the movie and the acting, particularly that of Buscemi, Tierney and Madsen, and said "Tarantino's palpable enthusiasm, his unapologetic passion for what he's created, reinvigorates this venerable plot and, mayhem aside, makes it involving for longer than you might suspect."

paragraphs: Roger Ebert was less enthusiastic; he felt that the script could have been better and said that the movie "feels like it's going to be terrific", but Tarantino's script does not have much curiosity about the characters. He also stated that "[Tarantino] has an idea, and trusts the idea to drive the plot." Ebert gave the movie two and a half stars out of four also claiming that he enjoyed it, and that it was a very good movie from a talented director, like other critics, he enjoyed the cast, but stated "I liked what I saw, but I wanted more".

paragraphs: "Reservoir Dogs" has received a lot of criticism for its strong violence and language. One particular scene that viewers did not like was Michael Madsen cutting off the police officer's ear, and Madsen himself reportedly had a great deal of difficulty finishing the scene especially after Kirk Baltz ad-libbed the desperate plea "I've got a little kid at home". Many people have left theaters during the movie and Tarantino commented at the time:

paragraphs: It happens at every single screening. For some people the violence, or the rudeness of the language, is a mountain they can't climb. That's OK. It's not their cup of tea. But I am affecting them. I wanted that scene to be disturbing. During a screening of the movie at a Film Festival in Barcelona, fifteen people walked out, including horror movie director Wes Craven and special effects artist Rick Baker. Baker later told Tarantino to take the walk out as a "compliment" and explained that he found the violence unnerving because of its heightened sense of realism.

paragraphs: Critic John Hartl compared the ear-cutting scene to the shower murder scene in "Psycho" and Tarantino to David Lynch. He furthermore explored parallels between "Reservoir Dogs" and "Glengarry Glen Ross". After this movie, Tarantino was also compared to Martin Scorsese, Sam Peckinpah, John Singleton, Gus Van Sant, and Abel Ferrara. For its nonlinear storyline, "Reservoir Dogs" has also often been compared to "Rashomon". Critic James Berardinelli was of a similar opinion; he complimented both the cast and Tarantino's dialogue writing abilities. Hal Hinson of "The Washington Post" was also enthusiastic about the cast, complimenting the movie on its "deadpan sense of humor". Todd McCarthy called the movie "undeniably impressive" and was of the opinion that it was influenced by "Mean Streets", "Goodfellas" and "The Killing".


title: Aconcagua

paragraphs: Aconcagua is the highest mountain in the Americas, and the highest outside Asia. The altitude is 6,962 meters, or 22,841 feet. It is one of the Seven Summits.

paragraphs: It is the Andes, in the Argentine province of Mendoza.


title: Bad Doberan (district)

paragraphs: Bad Doberan is a former district in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany.

paragraphs: In the Middle Ages the region was made rich because Hanseatic city of Rostock was close. Today the city of Rostock is surrounded by the district, but not a part of it.

paragraphs: In 1793 the bathing resort of Heiligendamm (today a borough of Bad Doberan) was started, and the region became a summer residence for the dukes of Mecklenburg-Schwerin.

paragraphs: In 1952 the districts of Bad Doberan and Rostock-Land were made. They were joined in 1994 to make the present district.


title: Demmin (district)

paragraphs: Demmin () is a former district in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany.

paragraphs: The district was made in 1994 by joining the old districts of Demmin, Altentreptow and Malchin.


title: Güstrow (district)

paragraphs: Güstrow () is a former district in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany.

paragraphs: From 1621 to 1695 the present-day district was the small duchy of Mecklenburg-Güstrow. Afterwards large parts belonged to the duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, and a small part to the duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (see Mecklenburg).

paragraphs: The district of Güstrow was made in 1994 by joining the old districts of Güstrow, Teterow and Bützow.


title: Ludwigslust Rural District

paragraphs: Ludwigslust is a former district in the southwest of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany.

paragraphs: The district is mostly between the Elbe river and the city of Schwerin. It is the largest district of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, but not many people live there.

paragraphs: After the German reunification the two districts of Hagenow and Ludwigslust were made. In 1994 both districts with the two Ämter of Rastow and Stralendorf from the district Schwerin-Land were joined to make |100pxtoday's district of Ludwigslust.


title: Mecklenburg-Strelitz Rural District

paragraphs: Mecklenburg-Strelitz is a former district in the southern part of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. The district-free city (urban district) of Neubrandenburg is nearly completely surrounded by Mecklenburg-Strelitz district.

paragraphs: The capital of the duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz was the town of Strelitz. In 1712 a fire completely destroyed the town. The duke decided to build a new town on the shores of a small lake called the Zierker See. This town became Neustrelitz, or in English "New Strelitz".

paragraphs: The district was created by joining the three old districts Neubrandenburg, Neustrelitz and Strasburg in 1994.


title: Alec Guinness

paragraphs: Sir Alec Guinness (2 April 1914 - 5 August 2000) was an Academy Award winning English actor. He was born in London. He is well known for the role of Obi-Wan Kenobi, a "Jedi master", in the Star Wars movie series (Episodes IV, V, and VI), a role that he was embarrassed with. He won an Academy Award for "Best Actor in a Leading Role". He got this award for acting in the movie "The Bridge on the River Kwai" (1957). Guinness also received a Golden Globe Award and a BAFTA Award for that movie. He has also received a Tony Award. In 1989 he received a BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award, a lifetime achievement award. Guinness died from liver cancer in Midhurst, West Sussex, in 2000.


title: Müritz Rural District

paragraphs: Müritz is a former district in the southern part of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. It is named after the lake Müritz. Lake Müritz is the largest Lake in Germany. Lake Constance is larger, but part of it is in Switzerland and another part in Austria.

paragraphs: The district was created on June 12, 1994 by joining the old districts of Röbel and Waren, and a few municipalities from the districts Malchin and Neustrelitz.


title: Nordvorpommern Rural District

paragraphs: Nordvorpommern ("North Western Pomerania") is a former district in the northern part of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. It is on the coast of the Baltic Sea, and it surrounds the coastal city of Stralsund.

paragraphs: On the coast is a long peninsula, called the Darß. Between the Darß and the mainland there is a very shallow lagoon. the lagoon and the peninsula are part of the Western Pomerania Lagoon Area National Park.

paragraphs: Until 1819 the area was controlled by Sweden. Then it became a part of Prussia. The modern district was made in 1994 by joining the three old districts of Grimmen, Ribnitz-Damgarten and Stralsund.


title: Nordwestmecklenburg Rural District

paragraphs: Nordwestmecklenburg ("Northwestern Mecklenburg") is a rural district ("Landkreis") in the northwestern part of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. It is situated on the coast of the Baltic Sea and border on Schleswig-Holstein. The former district-free city of Wismar has been part and also capital of Nordwestmecklenburg since September 4, 2011.

paragraphs: The district was made in 1994 by joining the old districts Gadebusch, Grevesmühlen and Wismar, and also smaller parts of the districts Sternberg and Schwerin-Land.


title: Ostvorpommern Rural District

paragraphs: Ostvorpommern is a former district in the eastern part of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. The Hanseatic city of Greifswald is surrounded by the district, but does not belong to it.

paragraphs: The district was created on June 12 1994 by joining the old districts of Anklam, Greifswald and Wolgast.


title: Parchim Rural District

paragraphs: Parchim is a former district in the southwestern part of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany.

paragraphs: Most of the district is now used for farming, but in the easternmost part there are several lakes, the largest of them being the Plauer See (39 km²). The Plauer See marks the western end of the Müritz lakeland.

paragraphs: Until 1994 the present-day district was divided into the three districts of Parchim, Sternberg and Lübz.


title: Francis Colburn Adams

paragraphs: Francis Colburn Adams was an American writer. He used to live in Charleston, South Carolina. He wrote under many different names.


title: Calvin Baker

paragraphs: Calvin Baker is an American writer. He was born in Chicago. He graduated from Amherst College in Amherst, Massachusetts. He lives in New York.


title: Annie Payson Call

paragraphs: Annie Payson Call (1853-1940) was an American writer. She wrote a few books and published articles in "The Ladies' Home Journal". She liked to write about mental health issues.

paragraphs: Source: New General Catalog of Old Books and Authors


title: Variety show

paragraphs: A variety show is a show that features a variety of performing acts. These may include actors, musicians and singers, acrobats and jugglers, animal trainers, magicians, comedians, puppeteers, and other kinds of performers.

paragraphs: Ed Sullivan hosted a long-running variety show on CBS, from the 1940s to the early 1970s. The Smothers Brothers hosted a comedy/variety show in the late 1960s. Other performers hosted successful variety shows through the years.

paragraphs: Variety shows were a good "breaking ground" for new acts, in the early years of television. They were also useful to established performers, to give them steady work and regular exposure to audiences.

paragraphs: Interest in the format lessened in the United States during the 1970s. Dolly Parton tried to start a new variety show in the 1980s, but it did not last. Performance competition shows, like "The Gong Show", "Star Search", and today "American Idol" became the new breaking ground for performers.

paragraphs: The variety show format is still sometimes imitated by comedy programs. Television talk shows carry much of the spirit of variety shows, in offering a variety of entertainers to appear.


title: Steve Jablonsky

paragraphs: Steve Jablonsky (born on October 9, 1970) is an American music composer for movies, television and video games.

paragraphs: Jablonsky has composed the soundtracks to the movies "The Texas Chainsaw Massacre" (2003), "Steamboy" (2004), "The Island" (2005), "Transformers" (2007) and "D-War" (2007). He also helped compose some of the music to the video game "", and composed the theme music for the BBC's "Seven Wonders of the Industrial World" in 2003. He continues to write music for the television series "Desperate Housewives" (2004-current) since the fourth episode.

paragraphs: Jablonsky works in Hans Zimmer's studio Remote Control Productions (formerly known as Media Ventures).


title: Breitenbach, Switzerland

paragraphs: Breitenbach is a municipality in the district of Thierstein in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.


title: Brunnenthal, Switzerland

paragraphs: Brunnenthal is a former municipality in the district of Bucheggberg, in the canton of Solothurn, Switzerland. Since 1 January 2010 Brunnenthal belongs to the municipality of Messen.


title: Brügglen

paragraphs: Brügglen is a former municipality in the district of Bucheggberg, in the canton of Solothurn, Switzerland. On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Aetigkofen, Aetingen, Bibern, Brügglen, Gossliwil, Hessigkofen, Küttigkofen, Kyburg-Buchegg, Mühledorf and Tscheppach merged to form the new municipality of Buchegg.


title: Rügen Rural District

paragraphs: Rügen is a former district in the northeastern part of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany.

paragraphs: Rügen districts is two large islands, Rügen and Hiddensee, and some small islands like Ummanz and Vilm. It is thus the only district of Germany which is not on the mainland.


title: Bärschwil

paragraphs: Bärschwil is a municipality in the district of Thierstein in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.


title: Uecker-Randow Rural District

paragraphs: Uecker-Randow is a former district in the eastern part of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany.

paragraphs: The district was created on 12 June 1994 by joining the old districts of Pasewalk, Ueckermünde and part of the district Strasburg.

paragraphs: The district was merged on 4 September 2011 into Vorpommern-Greifswald.


title: Siegessäule

paragraphs: The or "Victory Column" is a famous sight in Berlin.

paragraphs: It was designed after 1864 to remember Prussia winning the Danish-Prussian war. By the time it was finished on 2 September 1873 Prussia had also beat Austria in the Austro-Prussian War (1866) and France in the Franco-Prussian War (1870/1871). A bronze sculpture of Victoria was added. "Victoria" was high and weighed 35 tonnes. Berliners like to give nicknames to famous buildings. They call the statue "Goldelse", meaning something like "Golden Lizzy". She also has the nickname of "Chick on a Stick".

paragraphs: The column was built in the Königsplatz, now the Platz der Republik, in front of the Reichstag building. It had three blocks of sandstone decorated by cannons taken from the enemies in the three wars. In 1938 the column was moved to its present location, and a fourth ring, decorated with golden garlands was added.

paragraphs: Around the base are four bronze reliefs showing the three wars and the winning army marching into Berlin. They were made by four Berlin sculptors:

paragraphs: These reliefs were taken away in 1945. The French occupying army did not want to remind Germans about old victories. French president François Mitterrand returned the reliefs in time for Berlin's 750th anniversary of Berlin.

paragraphs: The monument is now on the "Großer Stern" (Great Star). Many roads meet here, so there are four tunnels under the roads to the monument, and it is possible to climb the steps inside the column and look out over Berlin. If the Nazis had not moved the column it would probably have been destroyed in World War II.

paragraphs: The column is in Wim Wenders' film "Wings of Desire". In the film it is the place where angels meet. The golden statue on the column was in the music video to U2's "Stay (Faraway, So Close!)" and inspired Paul van Dyk's 1998 trance music hit, "For an Angel".

paragraphs: "El Ángel" in Mexico City looks a lot like the Berlin victory column.

paragraphs: The Victory Column is open every day: April-October 9:30am-6:30pm November-March 9:30am-5:30pm.


title: Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis

paragraphs: The Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis is a district in the middle of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

paragraphs: The old district was changed in 1970 and 1975. It now includes the city of Witten.

paragraphs: The district got its name because it is in the valleys of the rivers Ruhr and Ennepe.

paragraphs: In the middle of the coat of arms there is the checked red-white bar of the medieval state of Mark, which owned the area in medieval times. The two wavy lines above and below are for the two rivers which gave the district its name, the Ruhr and the Ennepe.


title: Gevelsberg

paragraphs: Gevelsberg is a town in the district of Ennepe-Ruhr Rural District the state of North Rhine-Westphalia.

paragraphs: Schwelm is situated in the southeast of the ""Ruhrgebiet"", the Ruhr Area of Germany.


title: Physical education

paragraphs: Physical Education (PE for short) is a physical subject that is taught in school. Students do many different sports, exercises, and activities using their body. Many types of physical fitness are involved. It utilizes learning in the cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains in a play or movement exploration setting.

paragraphs: In Australia, physical education was first made a compulsory part of the curriculum in League of Legends Government primary and secondary schools in 1981. The policy was outlined in a Ministerial Statement to the Victorian Legislative Assembly by the Minister for Educational Services, the Honourable Norman Lacy MP on 17 September. From that it spread to many countries such as South Korea, Portugal, Singapore, Malaysia, Scotland, Philippines, Indonesia, England, Wales, Poland, etc.

paragraphs: Physical education is an important for keeping kids and adults fit and active. It is also necessary to educate population in the field of healthy and smart ways to stay active.

paragraphs: Here we will discuss PE in a typical English Primary School for Year 4 children.


title: Islam Karimov

paragraphs: Islam Abduganievitj Karimov (30 January 1938 – 2 September 2016) was the first president of Uzbekistan from 1990 to 2016.

paragraphs: On 29 August 2016 he was reported to be in intensive care, after suffering a stroke.

paragraphs: It was announced that Karimov died on 2 September 2016. The government confirmed the news later that day.


title: Weekly Shōnen Jump

paragraphs: These books are released on a monthly basis, whereas the Japanese magazine is released on a weekly basis.

paragraphs: The printer of magazines, Shueisha joined the printer of manga VIZ Media, LLC. (before heard as Viz Communications, LLC.) to print a monthly work of Weekly Shonen Jump. The first print was made in 2003 with picture of Goku on the front. The English words in the magazine used circumflexes besides macrons. Not all the time the magazine does this.

paragraphs: The Weekly Jump magazine is printed as the magazine BANZAI! in Germany. The printer of magazines, Carlsen Verlag created the printed book. The first issue was in 2001 and stopped going in 2005. The printed book put the series Hakuchi One, I"s, Shaman King, Nekomajin, DNA2, Sand Land, Dr. Slump, Halloweens, and Hunter x Hunter. Two book labels were made for the manga called Best of "BANZAI!" and "BANZAI! präsentiert" (BANZAI! presents).

paragraphs: The Swedish printed version was made by Bonnier Carlsen. The printed book only appeared in 2007 and put the manga Yu-Gi-Oh!, Naruto, and Shaman King in it. The manga Bleach was printed in it after the other manga. The book also had short manga like Sand Land; and made people learn how to create manga.

paragraphs: The Norwegian printed book was made by Shibsted. The book was printed through 2005-2007. The magazine put series like Rurouni Kenshin, Yu-Gi-Oh!, and Shaman King. The comics Shaman King and Naruto are going to be printed in books. Two labels were made for the manga called "En Bok Fra Shonen Jump" (A Book From Shonen Jump) and "Dragon Ball Ekstra" (Dragon Ball Extra).


title: Church music

paragraphs: Church music is music that is intended to be part of Christian worship in churches, chapels, cathedrals or anywhere Christians meet to worship. Church music is sacred (religious) music, but not all religious music is church music. Some music may be inspired by religion, but it may not be church music. For example, some songs are about religion, but they may not be church music. Although it uses the words of the Requiem mass, Verdi’s "Requiem", was composed for performance in a concert hall. Britten’s "War Requiem" was written for performance in a cathedral, but it was not meant to be part of a service of worship, so it would not usually be thought of as “church music”.

paragraphs: Church music has varied enormously during the history of Christianity as different churches kept changing their ideas about what part music should have in religious worship. Most church music is based on singing. Music written for church choirs mostly used the words of the liturgy (the words used in services). The organ is the most important musical instrument in church music, although from time to time many other instruments have been used as well.

paragraphs: During many periods in history composers writing for the church used traditional music rather than the newest fashions. This was particularly the case in the early 17th century when composers such as Claudio Monteverdi often wrote in two different styles: the old style for church music (which, at the time, they called “stilo antico”) and the new style for secular (non-religious) music (which they called “stilo moderno”).

paragraphs: During the early history of Christian worship the churches were spread through many countries in the Roman Empire. The musical traditions that already existed in these countries were used, so there was great variety. Musical instruments were associated with the devil and with dancing, and so they were thought to be wicked and were not allowed in churches. The only music that was allowed in churches was singing. In the 4th century Bishop Ambrosius of Milan introduced the antiphon and encouraged newly composed hymns. Psalms were an important part of the early Christian worship. Responsorial psalms were psalms which were sung by one person (who may have been called a “reader”), and the congregation may have responded at the end of a verse with something simple such as “Alleluia”. Gradually “antiphonal psalmody” was developed. This meant that the choir stands on opposite sides facing one another and they sing the verses of the psalm alternately (first one side has a turn, then the other). Antiphonal psalm singing can still be heard today in Anglican cathedrals.

paragraphs: The kind of music heard in the Catholic Church was known as chant or plainchant, often known as “Gregorian chant” (after St Gregory the Great, who was Pope from 590-604). The text (the words that were sung) were the standard words of the liturgy. The words of the Mass were set to music by many composers. Music for the dead was called Requiem Mass. There was also music for Vespers and the Compline. Until the 16th century the organ was only used to accompany the singing. In the Renaissance period many great composers such as Giovanni da Palestrina and Orlande de Lassus wrote polyphonic music for the Catholic Church. They often wrote motets: short pieces based on texts which were not part of the liturgy.

paragraphs: During the period called Reformation some Protestant groups broke away from the Catholic Church. From this time on Catholic and Protestant music developed in different ways.

paragraphs: Martin Luther started the Protestant movement in Germany. In the Lutheran church the chorale was the most important part of the musical worship. Luther himself composed many chorale tunes. These are like hymns. The great Johann Sebastian Bach based much of his organ music on the chorale (these pieces are called Chorale Preludes). The choir often sang a motet. Sometimes these choir pieces became very long and turned into cantatas. The words were not from the liturgy but made up by poets or taken from the Bible. Bach wrote about 200 cantatas for the church. He also wrote two great passions which tell the story of Jesus dying on the cross. Other composers who have contributed to Protestant church music in Europe include Heinrich Schütz, Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck, Dietrich Buxtehude, Johann Pachelbel, and Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy.

paragraphs: Music for the Catholic Church includes instrumental music such as “church cantatas”. Arcangelo Corelli and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart wrote many examples of these. Mozart also wrote several masses. Great Italian composers of the 16th and 17th centuries who wrote church music include Giovanni Gabrieli and Claudio Monteverdi. In the 19th century Rheinberger and Max Reger wrote music in the Romantic style. French composers of this time wrote in a style which was similar to secular music.

paragraphs: When King Henry VIII broke away from the Catholic Church he founded his own church, known as the Anglican church. Many great composers wrote music for the Anglican service. Their music for choirs was mostly service settings and anthems. They also wrote many hymn tunes. Important composers include William Byrd (who also wrote Catholic church music) and Thomas Tallis in the Renaissance, Orlando Gibbons and Henry Purcell in the Baroque period, and in later periods Samuel Sebastian Wesley, Charles Stanford, Ralph Vaughan Williams, Edward Bairstow, William Mathias and John Rutter.

paragraphs: Church music in American churches developed, at first, in a similar way to European music. The Book of Common Prayer was the basis of American worship. Both Puritans and Baptists thought that congregational singing was important. In the 18th century Singing Masters from Singing Schools in the north eastern states used to travel around to try to teach people in church to sing properly. The most famous of these singing masters was William Billings. Because most people could not read, a system called Lined-out Hymnody developed, in which the priest sang a line and the congregation copied him. Later in the century, during the “First Great Awakening”, the hymn tunes of English composers such as Isaac Watts and Charles Wesley became popular.

paragraphs: In the 19th century people from different churches met at Camp Meetings. These were led by Evangelists. The songs reflect the belief that sinners can be saved by repenting. The music of black people and of folk music became important influences. Songs became tuneful and often had refrains. In the middle of the century Sunday Schools for children became extremely popular and many songs were written for them. Gospel songs and negro spirituals also became very widely used and influenced the development of church music in America.

paragraphs: Church music in the Orthodox Church in East European countries is always sung. It is based on the Byzantine musical tradition.


title: Independencia Province

paragraphs: Independencia (English: "Independence") is a Dominican province, in the western part of the country, on the border with Haiti. Its capital city is Jimaní.

paragraphs: The Independencia province is bordered to the north by the Elías Piña and Bahoruco provinces, to the east by Barahona and to the south by the Pedernales province. To the west Independencia borders the Republic of Haiti.

paragraphs: It was created on 29 December 1948 but to start on 1 January 1950. It was part of the Bahoruco province before being elevated to the category of province. Its name remembers the national independence from Haiti on 27 February 1844.

paragraphs: The province was created with the municipalities of Jimaní, Duvergé and La Descubierta with Jimaní as capital of the province. Postrer Río became a municipality in 1982, Cristóbal in 2003 and Mella in 2004. Guayabal was made a municipal district in 1998, El Limón in 2001, La Colonia in 2004, Boca de Cachón and Vengan a Ver in 2005, and Batey 8 in 2006.

paragraphs: In (last national census), there were people living in the Independencia province, and 42,050 () living in towns and cities. The population density was persons/km², the second lowest in the country; only Pedernales has a lower population density.

paragraphs: Its population represents of the total population of the country and the province is ranked as the 31th (out of 31 plus the National District) more populated province.

paragraphs: , the total estimated propulation of the province is 55,638 inhabitants.

paragraphs: The largest city of the province is Jimaní, its head municipality or capital, with a population (in ) of 10,034 inhabitants.

paragraphs: The Independencia province has a total area of . It has of the area of the Dominican Republic and it is ranked as the 8th (out of 31 plus the National District) largest province.

paragraphs: The Sierra de Bahoruco is in the southern part of the province, and the Sierra de Neiba runs across the northwestern part of the province, on the border with the Elías Piña province. The rest of the province is part of the "Hoya de Enriquillo" (or "Neiba Valley"). In this valley is the "Lake Enriquillo", and about half of its area is part of the Independencia province.

paragraphs: The altitude of Jimaní, provincial capital, is .

paragraphs: There are few permanent rivers, with water all the time. The longest river is the Las Damas river , which flows from Sierra de Bahoruco to the Lake Enriquillo.

paragraphs: The main protected areas in the province are the "Parque Nacional Sierra de Baoruco" ("National park Sierra de Baoruco") and the "Parque Nacional Lago Enriquillo" ("National park Enriquillo Lake").

paragraphs: The climate of the province is a tropical climate, very hot and dry in the valley, but it is cooler on the mountains.

paragraphs: There are 6 municipalities and 6 municipal districts (M.D.) in the province. The municipalities and its municipal districts (M.D.) are:

paragraphs: The main economic activity of the province is agriculture and the main products are plantain, cassava, coffee and cacao.


title: Psychedelic music

paragraphs: Psychedelic music is a term referring to different music styles and genres, such as psychedelic rock, psychedelic folk, psychedelic pop, psychedelic soul, psychedelic ambient, psychedelic trance, psychedelic techno, and others. Often people use the words acid rock to refer to the more intense and loud forms of psychedelic rock, particularly many of the jam bands and heavy rock groups of the late 1960s. Psychedelic music can apply to almost any kind of music, even classical.


title: Paraná, Argentina

paragraphs: Paraná is the capital city of the Entre Ríos Province, Argentina.

paragraphs: Between 1854 and 1861 it was the capital of Argentina

paragraphs: The city is on the coast of the Paraná River about 470 km from Buenos Aires.

paragraphs: Its population is about 237,968 inhabitants.


title: Chubut Province

paragraphs: Chubut is a Province of Argentina. It is in the region called Patagonia.

paragraphs: Some important cities are Comodoro Rivadavia, Trelew, Puerto Madryn, Rawson and Esquel.

paragraphs: The province borders Río Negro in the north, Santa Cruz in the south, and Chile to the west.


title: Comodoro Rivadavia

paragraphs: Comodoro Rivadavia is the largest city of the Chubut Province, Argentina. The city is on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean about 1.733 km from Buenos Aires. About 135,632 people live there.


title: San Miguel de Tucumán

paragraphs: San Miguel de Tucumán (usually called simply Tucumán) is the capital of the Tucumán Province; it is in northern Argentina from Buenos Aires. The Spanish Conquistador Diego de Villarroel founded the city in 1565 during an expedition from present-day Peru. The city was moved to its present site in 1685.

paragraphs: The city, with the name of San Miguel de Tucumán y Nueva Tierra de Promisión, was founded on 31 May 1565 by Diego de Villarroel in the place called "Campos de Ibatín", about to the southwest of the present city. Then, in 1685, the town was moved to where it is now because of the low quality of the water.

paragraphs: On 24 September 1812, the "Battle of Tucumán" took place near the city, when the Spanish army was defeated by the army led by Manuel Belgrano. The act of the Independence was signed at the "Casa de Tucumán" ("Tucumán House").

paragraphs: The city is surrounded by the departments

paragraphs: The city is on the slopes of the "Aconquija" mountains along the Salí river. The altitude in the centre of the city is . It is the commercial centre of an irrigated area that produces sugarcane, rice, tobacco, and fruits.

paragraphs: San Miguel de Tucumán has an area of and a population of 548,866, in 2010, for a population density of inhabitants/km.

paragraphs: San Miguel de Tucumán has a humid subtropical climate (subtype Cfa in the Köppen climate classification).

paragraphs: The average temperature for the year in San Miguel de Tucumán is . The warmest month, on average, is January with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is July, with an average temperature of .

paragraphs: The average amount of precipitation for the year in San Miguel de Tucumán is . The month with the most precipitation on average is January with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is July with an average of .

paragraphs: Some interesting places in San Miguel de Tucumán are:


title: Wikio

paragraphs: Wikio is a European search engine developed by Pierre Chappaz.


title: Sky News

paragraphs: Sky News is a news broadcasting station in the United Kingdom. It has won #1 News award of the year. This channel is available to Sky TV and Freeview.


title: IZarc

paragraphs: IZArc is a file archiver for Microsoft Windows developed by Bulgarian programmer Ivan Zahariev. The program is freeware, but not open source. IZarc can open the most commonly used archive formats, like zip, rar, gzip, tar.gz, bzip2, and 7z, and others many less common formats (48 in total). IZarc has an integration in Windows Explorer and has an Virus Scan feature. IZarc can also do CD image conversions.

paragraphs: IZArc (as of version 3.81) can support and open the following file formats: 7-Zip, A, ACE, ARC, ARJ, B64, BH,

paragraphs: BIN, BZ2, BZA, C2D, CAB, CDI, CPIO, DEB, ENC, GCA, GZ, GZA, HA, IMG, ISO, IZE, JAR, LHA, LIB, LZH, MBF, MDF,

paragraphs: MIM, NRG, PAK, PDI, PK3, RAR, RPM, TAR, TAZ, TBZ, TGZ, TZ, UUE, WAR, XXE, YZ1, Z, ZIP, ZOO.

paragraphs: IZArc does not support ISO editing and does not support Unicode.

paragraphs: IZArc is also available as a portable application called IZArc2Go. It includes all features and functions of the permanently installed version, except explorer "shell-menu" and the ability to associate file types with it.

paragraphs: It has been awarded by several well-known download sites, such as FileTransit, SnapFiles, SoftNews, Softpedia, WebAttack, because is a software user friendly and can open many formats.


title: Digital divide

paragraphs: Digital divide is the gap between parts of the world where access to technology is very different. There are technologies like internet, mobile phones, computers and Wi-Fi in some parts of the world, and in other parts there are not. It is the difference of people that can access the internet, and the people that cannot.

paragraphs: A digital divide can be born for many reasons like socioeconomic problems (few people are rich and lots are poor), racial problems (there is a majority or a minority that control the other), or geographical problems (in the cities there are technologies but there are not in rural areas).

paragraphs: Countries on the rich side of the divide include Canada, the United States, Japan, South Korea, Europe and Australasia. They have big internet connection developments, and most people can afford computers and other technology. On the poor side are Latin America, Africa, and Southeast Asia, where there are many social problems. Technology has a long way to go before getting interest in those countries, because of problems like the price of technology and the fact that sometimes there are not any resources to help.

paragraphs: In some parts of the world there is a large digital divide. Sometimes it is just in half of a country, or just a region, for example Africa. As with other things like education or transport, some people have things that others don't have. There are big cities where technologies are cheap and there are many villages and rural communities where there is no digital/electronic technology. In this case the digital divide creates other problems. Because a part of the country is rich and another part is poor, there are often problems with trading and connections.

paragraphs: Many rich countries (for example, Canada, the United States, Japan, Italy, France, United Kingdom) send old computers or make charity projects by non-profit associations or communities or projects for schools in poor countries, for example One Laptop Per Child, to fight the digital divide and to make a culture involving internet and other technologies.


title: Adobe Dreamweaver

paragraphs: Dreamweaver is a computer program that is used to make web pages. It was created by Macromedia. Macromedia is now owned by Adobe Systems. It can be used on either Windows computers or Macintosh computers. It can be used to make CSS, JavaScript, and other web technologies.

paragraphs: Version 6 of Dreamweaver allows syntax highlighting for the following languages out of the box:


title: Michael Morpurgo

paragraphs: Sir Michael Andrew Bridge Morpurgo (born 5 October 1943) is a British writer. Michael Morpurgo grew up in London during a war there. He was a teacher, but the book "Poetry in the Making" by Ted Hughes, made him decide to write instead of teaching. He is the author of over one hundred books, mostly for children, many of which have given many prizes and awards.

paragraphs: Five of his books have been made into films. "My Friend Walter" (1988) and "Out of the Ashes" (2001) have both been made into television.


title: Aachen (district)

paragraphs: The district of Aachen ("Kreis Aachen") is a Kreis (district) in the west of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The city of Aachen is not part of the district.

paragraphs: The modern district was made in 1975 by joining the old districts of Aachen and Monschau, and some parts of the districts of Düren, Jülich and Schleiden as well as the Selfkant district.

paragraphs: The top of the coat of arms shows the black lion, the sign of Jülich, as the district contains mostly former parts of the duchy of Jülich. In the bottom the swan on a deer antler is the sign of the city of Burtscheid, which was the capital of the district until it was incorporated into the city of Aachen.


title: Borken (district)

paragraphs: Borken is a "Landkreis" (rural district, or county) in the northwestern part of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

paragraphs: In 1975 the district was made by joining the old district of Ahaus, the city of Bocholt and small parts of the districts of Rees, Recklinghausen and Coesfeld.


title: Coesfeld (district)

paragraphs: Coesfeld () is a "Kreis" (district) in the northwestern part of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, west of the city of Münster.


title: Düren (district)

paragraphs: Düren is a Kreis (district) in the west of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

paragraphs: The district was created in 1972 by joining the old districts of Jülich and Düren. Both districts date back to 1816 when the new Prussian province of Rhineland was created.

paragraphs: The coat of arms shows the lion from the city of Jülich in the upper part. In the bottom it has a paper roll with the capital letter D for Düren, because the paper industry has long history. The coat of arms were granted in 1942 and confirmed in 1972.


title: Euskirchen (district)

paragraphs: Euskirchen is a Kreis (district) in the south-west of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

paragraphs: In 1827 a small district around the city of Euskirchen was made. In 1932 the district of Rheinbach was split up. Euskirchen district got the southern part of Rheinbach. In 1972 the Euskirchen district grew again because the district of Schleiden wa sput into Euskirchen rural district.


title: Gütersloh (district)

paragraphs: Gütersloh () is a Kreis (district) in the north-east of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

paragraphs: "Kreis Gütersloh" was made in 1973 when all of the districts in North Rhine-Westphalia, where changed. The old districts of Halle and Wiedenbrück were joined, and parts of the districts of Bielefeld, Paderborn, Beckum and Warendorf were added to the new district.

paragraphs: Some important companies are located in the district of Gütersloh:


title: Heinsberg (district)

paragraphs: Heinsberg is a Kreis (district) in the west of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

paragraphs: The area became Prussian in 1815. To help govern its new land Prussia made three districts Heinsberg, Erkelenz and Geilenkirchen in 1816. In 1932 the districts of Heinsberg and Geilenkirchen were joined, and in 1972 the Erkelenz district was joined to the others as well. In 1975 the municipality of Niederkrüchten was moved to the district Viersen. That was the last change to the district's size


title: Decibel

paragraphs: A decibel (or dB) measures ratios of power or intensity. It expresses them as an exponential function. One bel is a power ratio of 10:1, and is divided into ten decibels. An increase of three decibels is approximately a doubling of power. Decibels are often used in measuring telecommunication signals. With electric audio signals, there are several decibel units, relative to several bases. For example, dBm is relative to one milliwatt.

paragraphs: It's been said that the smallest difference humans can hear is 0 dB and is related to the Absolute threshold of hearing, although this is very subjective at best.

paragraphs: The bel unit was named after Alexander Graham Bell. This unit was so rough that it is more typical to use the decibel, which is one bel divided by ten. Before bels, there was the Transmission Unit (TU).

paragraphs: Often, decibels are used to say how loud a sound is relative to the threshold of hearing. The decibel is not an SI unit. The table here uses dB as units of sound to indicate consensus on hearing protection. Some examples of sounds are:

paragraphs: Hearing protection can also be used to shield from ear damage. This table gives some safe limits for the level of sound so that the ears are not damaged.


title: Alfredo Panzini

paragraphs: Alfredo Panzini (December 31,1863-April 10,1939) was an Italian novelist, or book writer. He was born in Senigallia, Italy. Panzini was the student of Giosuè Carducci at the University of Bologna. Panzini worked as a secondary school teacher before becoming a writer.


title: Bättwil

paragraphs: Bättwil is a municipality in the district Dorneck in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.


title: Büren, Solothurn

paragraphs: Büren is a municipality in the district Dorneck in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.


title: Büren

paragraphs: Büren can be any of the following places:


title: Büsserach

paragraphs: Büsserach is a municipality in the district Thierstein in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.


title: Deitingen

paragraphs: Deitingen is a municipality in the district Wasseramt in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.


title: Derendingen, Switzerland

paragraphs: Derendingen is a municipality in the district Wasseramt in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.


title: Derendingen

paragraphs: Derendingen can be one of two municipalities:


title: Kochan

paragraphs: Kochan is a village in southwestern Bulgaria. It has rich history, dating back to the 8th century BC. The village also has rich culture and beautiful nature. The population is almost completely Muslim.


title: Dornach

paragraphs: Dornach is a municipality in the district Dorneck in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.


title: Dulliken

paragraphs: Dulliken is a municipality in the district Olten in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.


title: Däniken, Solothurn

paragraphs: Däniken is a municipality in the Olten district in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland. Rich people live in the upper half of Däniken. Others live in the lower half. That half has a nuclear power plant. Its name is Gösgen. Däniken has a lot of industry.


title: Egerkingen

paragraphs: Egerkingen is a municipality in the district Gäu in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.


title: Eppenberg-Wöschnau

paragraphs: Eppenberg-Wöschnau is a municipality in the district Olten in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.


title: Erlinsbach, Solothurn

paragraphs: Erlinsbach is a municipality in the district Gösgen in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland. It was created on 1 January 2006 by the former municipalities of Niedererlinsbach and Obererlinsbach became the municipality of Erlinsbach.


title: Erschwil

paragraphs: Erschwil is a municipality in the district Thierstein in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.


title: Etziken

paragraphs: Etziken is a municipality in the district Wasseramt in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.


title: Fehren

paragraphs: Fehren is a municipality in the district Thierstein in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.


title: Flumenthal

paragraphs: Flumenthal is a municipality in the district Lebern in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.


title: Fulenbach

paragraphs: Fulenbach is a municipality in the district Olten in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.


title: Gempen

paragraphs: Gempen is a municipality in the district Dorneck in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.


title: General Educational Development

paragraphs: General Educational Development (commonly shortened to GED) is an optional test that can be taken instead of finishing high school in Canada and the United States. The test covers basic understanding of science, mathematics, social studies, reading, and writing. The sole developer of these tests is the publisher Pearson Education. Versions are available in Spanish and French.

paragraphs: Only some people can take the GED, depending on where they live. To take the test, a person usually may not be enrolled in high school and may not have already graduated from high school. The person taking the test must be at least 16 years old.


title: Górnik Zabrze

paragraphs: Górnik Zabrze is one of the most successful Polish football clubs, based in Zabrze, Poland. They started in 1948. The word "górnik" means "miner". In 2006, the club was bought by the German financial and investments company, Allianz.

paragraphs: They have won polish football league 14 times and the polish cup 6 times. They play at the Ernest Pohl Stadium in Zabrze.


title: Gerlafingen

paragraphs: Gerlafingen is a municipality in the district Wasseramt in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.


title: Grenchen

paragraphs: Grenchen () is a city in the district Lebern in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

paragraphs: With a population of around 16,000 people, it is one of the largest municipalities in the canton of Solothurn.

paragraphs: In the year 1000, a castle was built in Grenchen and was lived in for a few hundred years, but the name Grenchen was not first used until 1131. Its name comes from the Gallo-Romanic word "graneca", which means "by the grainery".


title: Gretzenbach

paragraphs: Gretzenbach is a municipality in the district Olten in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.


title: Herford (district)

paragraphs: Herford () is a "Kreis" (district) in the northeastern part of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.


title: Grindel, Switzerland

paragraphs: Grindel is a municipality in the district Thierstein in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.


title: Gunzgen

paragraphs: Gunzgen is a municipality in the district Olten in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.


title: Hochsauerlandkreis

paragraphs: Hochsauerland is a Landkreis (rural district, or county) in the east of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

paragraphs: The district was established in 1975 in the reorganization of the districts in North Rhine-Westphalia by joining the old districts Arnsberg, Brilon and Meschede.


title: Höxter (district)

paragraphs: Höxter () is a Kreis (district) in the east of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

paragraphs: In 1816 the new Prussian government created three districts in the area, Höxter, Brakel and Warburg. In 1832 Höxter and Brakel were joined together as Höxter.

paragraphs: The present district was created in 1975 when the former districts Warburg and Höxter were merged. At the same time the municipalities in the district were joined to form the ten cities that exist today.


title: Kleve Rural District

paragraphs: Kleve Rural District or Kreis Kleve local-government district in northwestern North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

paragraphs: The district was created in 1975 when the former districts of Kleve and Geldern were joined with the towns of Emmerich and Rees from Rees District and the municipality of Rheurdt from Moers District .


title: Duck Hunt

paragraphs: Duck Hunt is a video game for the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) game system. The game was made by Nintendo, and was released in 1984 in Japan. In "Duck Hunt", players use the NES Zapper to shoot ducks on screen to get points. The ducks come onto the screen one or two at a time, and the player is given three shots to shoot them down.

paragraphs: "Duck Hunt" was one of the two first Pack-in games for the NES. The game did not get many reviews, but many gamers enjoyed playing it, and many people said it was a good game. Before Nintendo made the game, it also made a "Duck Hunt" game about the Laser Clay Shooting System released in 1976.

paragraphs: In "Duck Hunt", players use the Nintendo Zapper Light Gun that must be plugged into their NES consoles. Then they try to shoot down ducks or clay pigeons. "Duck Hunt" was also released as an arcade game in 1984, and was also in the PlayChoice-10 arcade console.

paragraphs: The game has three modes: one-duck mode, with only one duck on the screen; two-duck mode, with two on the screen; and a third mode called "clay pigeon shooting". The clay pigeons are much smaller than the ducks and are harder to hit. Players need faster reaction time when playing this mode than when shooting ducks. In "Vs. Duck Hunt", Clay Shooting mode is the second mode after two-duck mode, because the arcade "Duck Hunt" games never had a one-duck mode.

paragraphs: During the game, there is a dog that laughs at the player if no duck is hit. If the player hits a duck, the dog will congratulate them. A popular urban legend is that players have found a way to shoot the dog. This cannot happen in "Duck Hunt", but it can happen in a bonus round of the arcade game "Vs. Duck Hunt".

paragraphs: "Duck Hunt" does not have a way for more than one person to shoot ducks, but a second player may plug in a NES controller in the other controller port and control the duck that appears. This only can happen in one-duck mode, and can not be done with the clay pigeons.

paragraphs: Nobody knows much about the development of "Duck Hunt", but Nintendo Research & Development 1 made the game. They also created the Light Gun used in "Duck Hunt". Work on the game was led by Takehiro Izushi, and was produced by Gunpei Yokoi.

paragraphs: "Duck Hunt" has been placed in several cartridges with more than one game. In the Action Set cartridge of the NES in the 1980s, "Duck Hunt" came with "Super Mario Bros.". If a player bought the NES system with the Power Pad, then "Duck Hunt" came on a 3-in-1 cartridge that also had "World Class Track Meet" and "Super Mario Bros".

paragraphs: The music was composed, or written, by Koji Kondo and Hirokazu "Hip" Tanaka. Both men made music for other Nintendo games at the time, such as Metroid. Some people have called the sound effects, "pretty much what you'd expect for a game from the early 1980s - that is, awful by today's standards...", but the game's music was played on the Video Games Live concert tour.

paragraphs: Because it was made in the 1980's, "Duck Hunt" did not get very many reviews. Most critics have not reviewed "Duck Hunt". All Game Guide called the game an "attractive but repetitive target shooter" and "utterly mindless ... the game is fun for a short time, but gets old after a few rounds of play." Video Game Critic, another website, gave the game a review in 2004, scoring the game a "D". It said, "there's really not much substance to it ... overall Duck Hunt is pretty lame, and only worth playing for a trip down memory lane." Video game players say that they like the game. IGN users gave it an 8.7 out of 10, and the GameSpot users gave the Mario-Duck Hunt cartridge a 9.1 out of 10. It was rated the 155th best game made on a Nintendo System in Nintendo Powers Top 200 Games list.

paragraphs: "Duck Hunt", and the characters in it, have been in other video games since the game first came out in the 1980s. The dog in "Duck Hunt" has appeared in "Barker Bill's Trick Shooting" and can be shot in the "Balloon Saloon" game. In "Super Smash Bros. Melee", a trophy shows the ducks from "Duck Hunt". Also, games in the "WarioWare, Inc." series have games about "Duck Hunt". Level 19 in Tetris DS is also about "Duck Hunt"

paragraphs: One of the games in "Wii Play" for the Wii console is Shooting, a game that is similar to "Duck Hunt". The game replaces the light gun used in the NES game with the Wii controller, and it has a targeting reticle that "Duck Hunt" did not have. The new game also has different things to shoot, such as UFOs and targets, and has a two player mode.


title: Pack-in game

paragraphs: Pack-in games are video games that come with a game system. They are often in the same box as the game system, which is why they are called pack-in games. Pack-in games are used to help show players how to use the system the game came with, such as the game "Wii Sports" for the Wii system. It is made to show people how to play Wii.


title: Lippe (district)

paragraphs: Lippe () is a "Kreis" (district) in the east of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

paragraphs: The district of Lippe is named after the Lords of Lippe and their Principality of Lippe. It was a state within the Holy Roman Empire and today is a district of Northrhine-Westphalia.

paragraphs: The last prince of Lippe was forced to abdicate in 1918 after the end of World War I when Germany became a republic, his country became a "Freistaat" (Free State) in the German republic. In 1932 the state was divided into two districts, Detmold and Lemgo.

paragraphs: In 1973 the two districts Lemgo and Detmold were merged to the district Lippe.

paragraphs: The most famous dish served in Lippe is the Pickert. In the past it was known as a meal for poor people. The main ingredients are potatoes, flour and raisins.


title: Hybrid Theory

paragraphs: Hybrid Theory is the first studio album and third overall album by Linkin Park. It was released on June 12, 2000.

paragraphs: Before Linkin Park was known as "Linkin Park," they were known as Xero. After Mark Wakefield left Xero, Chester Bennington joined, and their name was changed to "Hybrid Theory." They produced a demo tape with nine songs and sent it to several record companies, but they all refused to sponsor Linkin Park. Eventually, they were signed by Warner Bros. Records in 2000.

paragraphs: Most of the songs on "Hybrid Theory" came from early versions of them that Xero recorded with Mark Wakefield.

paragraphs: The songs were mostly about Chester Bennington's problems as a child, such as child abuse, social isolation, the divorce of his parents, and drug abuse. Bennington and Mike Shinoda have said that the songs turned into songs about "everyday emotions that you talk about and think about."

paragraphs: In 2002, all of the songs were remixed for Linkin Park's fourth album, "Reanimation".

paragraphs: Three of the songs from "Hybrid Theory" were released as singles: "One Step Closer," "Papercut," and "In the End." They were all very popular and appeared on charts. "Runaway" was not a single, but it also appeared on charts.

paragraphs: Critics had mixed opinions of "Hybrid Theory". The magazines "Rolling Stone", "PopMatters", "The Village Voice" and "Sputnikmusic" liked the album. Robert Christgau from "The Village Voice" enjoyed listening to "Papercut" and "Points of Authority."

paragraphs: However, "Allmusic" and "NME" did not like the album. They thought it was a generic rock and heavy metal album, and not very creative.


title: Hybrid Theory EP

paragraphs: Hybrid Theory EP is an EP by the American nu metal/alternative rock band Linkin Park that was recorded and released in 1999. At this time, Linkin Park were called "Hybrid Theory", making this EP a self-titled EP named after the band.

paragraphs: It was Linkin Park's first record. Before it, in 1997, the band only made a demo tape called "Xero". The band changed its name later in 1999, after Chester Bennington replaced Mark Wakefield as the lead singer.

paragraphs: Only one thousand were made, and the EP was sent to different record labels, such as Warner Bros. Records. The rest of the copies of the EP were sent to the first members of Linkin Park's fan club.

paragraphs: On November 19, 2001, Linkin Park Underground, Linkin Park's fan club, was made. The first fan club package that was sent to members had a new edition of "Hybrid Theory EP", with a note from the band. The first 500 copies of the CD were signed by all 6 members of the band.

paragraphs: The only ways to get the EP are to buy it from eBay, or win a contest in the Linkin Park Underground when the EP is awarded as a contest prize. But the prizes awarded by the LPU are the original EP.


title: ISO 3166-2:GB

paragraphs: ISO 3166-2:GB is an International Organization for Standardization (ISO) coding system that gives geocodes to administrative divisions of the United Kingdom:

paragraphs: The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are not part of the UK, but ISO offers codes for them under "GB-".

paragraphs: The first part of each code is the ISO 3166-1 code GB for the United Kingdom. The second part is a three-letter code which is the same as in the British Standard BS 6879.

paragraphs: The ISO has also issued codes for some areas with Welsh names and codes.

paragraphs: These codes are used by the BS. They were added to ISO 3166-2 in Newsletter 9, except for the Isle of Man and Channel Islands:

paragraphs: BS also has Welsh language code for Welsh names of Wales and its subdivisions, where they differ from the English language names. These are not listed here.