title: 2011 Cricket World Cup

paragraphs: The 2011 ICC Cricket World Cup was the tenth Cricket World Cup. It was played in India, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh. It was Bangladesh's first time co-hosting a World Cup.

paragraphs: All matches in the World Cup were given One Day International status. All matches played had over 50 overs. Fourteen national cricket teams were in the tournament, including ten full members and four associate members. The World Cup was between 19 February and 2 April 2011. The first match played on 19 February 2011 was with co-hosts India and Bangladesh at the Sher-e-Bangla National Stadium in Dhaka.

paragraphs: India won the tournament defeating Sri Lanka by 6 wickets in the final. India was the first nation to win the Cricket World Cup final on home soil. India's Yuvraj Singh was made the man of the tournament.

paragraphs: The following 14 teams qualified for the final tournament.

paragraphs: The Opening Ceremony was in Bangladesh. The place for the opening ceremony was Bangabandhu National Stadium in Dhaka. The event took place on 17 February 2011, 2 days before the first match of the World Cup.

paragraphs: All the Indian stadiums for the 2011 World Cup were set. The venues of Bangladesh and Sri Lanka were picked in late October 2009. Two new stadiums in Sri Lanka were built for the 2011 World Cup. They are located in Kandy and Hambantota.

paragraphs: The Umpire selection panel selected 18 umpires and a reserve umpire, Enamul Haque (Bangladesh). There were 5 from Australia, 6 from Asia, 3 from England, 2 from New Zealand and 1 each from South Africa and West Indies.

paragraphs: The 2011 World Cup final was played between India and Sri Lanka making it the first ever World Cup Final featuring two Asian teams. The highlight of the 2011 World Cup Final was Indian Captain Mahendra Singh Dhoni's innings that took India over the line making him one of the most respected Captains in cricket history.


title: Kabaddi

paragraphs: Kabaddi is a team sport from South Asia.

paragraphs: Two teams are on opposite halves of a small field. They take turns sending a "raider" into the other half. This is to win points by tackling members of the opposing team. Then the raider tries to return to his own half. He holds his breath and chants the word "Kabaddi" during the whole raid. The raider must not cross the lobby unless he touches any of his opponents. If he does not touch anyone then he will be "out". There is also a bonus line. If the raider touches it and returns to his side of the field, he will get extra points. If the raider is not able to get back to his own side, then he is considered "out".

paragraphs: In the international team version of kabaddi there are two teams of seven members and 4 are in substitution

paragraphs: . Each are on opposite halves of a field of 10 m × 13 m in case of men and 8 m × 12 m in case of women. Each has three extra players held in reserve. The game is played with 20-minute halves. There is a five-minute half-time break when the teams change sides.

paragraphs: Teams take turns sending a "raider" to the opposite team's half. The goal is to tag or wrestle ("confine") members of the opposite team. Tagged members are "out" and temporarily sent off the field.

paragraphs: The goal of the defenders is to stop the raider from returning to the home side before taking a breath. If any of the seven players cross the lobby without touching the raider he will be declared as "out".

paragraphs: Each time when a player is "out", the opposing team earns a point. A team scores a bonus of two points, called a "lona", if the entire opposing team is declared "out". At the end of the game, the team with the most points wins.

paragraphs: Matches are based on age and weight. Six officials supervise a match: one referee, two umpires, a scorer and two assistant scorers.

paragraphs: the modernised version of Game was founded in Maharashtra. Kabaddi received International exposure in 1937 Olympics ,Demonstrated by India.The game was introduced in Indian Games in Calcutta 1938.Kabaddi is popularized by Sundar Ram of India in Japan,When he toured on behalf Asian Amatruer Kabaddi Federation.

paragraphs: The Kabaddi World Cup was first played in 2004. It was played again in 2007, 2010 and 2016. So far India is the unbeaten champion in Kabaddi World Cup. Iran is the next most successful nation being twice runner-up. South Korea was the runner-up in 2010.

paragraphs: The Women's Kabaddi World Cup was first played in 2012 in Patna, Bihar, India. India won the championship defeating Iran in the finals gold.


title: The Sopranos

paragraphs: The Sopranos is an American crime drama television series. It ran from 1999 until 2007. The programme is based on the life of Italian American organized crime. The main character, Tony Soprano, is a New Jersey-based waste consultant who also is a member of American Mafia. Soprano is trying to battle the problems of his home life and his work life. In the first episode we meet the Soprano family, who seem to have an average American life. When Tony talks to his counsellor, we learn about his secret criminal based life.

paragraphs: The program and its actors won many awards. It was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series in every year it was able to. "The Sopranos" won at least one Emmy Award for acting in every eligible year except 2006 and 2007. In 2000 and 2001, "The Sopranos" earned two consecutive George Foster Peabody Awards.


title: Carrom

paragraphs: Carrom is a tabletop game. It is between billiards and table shuffleboard. Carrom is known by many names around the world, including carrum, couronne, carum, karam, karom, karum, fatta (Punjabi) and finger billiards. The game started in India or Sri Lanka. Formal rules for the game were not written until 1988. The game is played in many countries across the world. It is played for fun and as a competitive sport. The competitive sport is organised by the International Carrom Federation. Carrom uses simple equipment which lets many people play. There is a version of the game that uses cue sticks.

paragraphs: There are two players or two teams. The time it takes to play a game changes with each game.


paragraphs: European Network for Accreditation of Engineering Education (ENAEE) authorises quality assurance and education accreditation agencies within the European higher education area, to award the EUR-ACE label to their accredited engineering degree programmes.


title: Angling

paragraphs: Angling is a way of fishing by means of an "angle" (fish hook). The hook is usually attached to a fishing line. The line is often attached to a fishing rod. Fishing rods are usually fitted with a fishing reel. The reel is used for storing, getting back and paying out the line. The hook itself can have lures or bait added to attract fish.

paragraphs: Angling is the main method of sport fishing. Some commercial fisheries also use angling. Catch and release fishing is done by more and more recreational fishermen.


title: Bridgetown

paragraphs: The city of Bridgetown is the capital and largest city of the nation of Barbados. It was called the "Town of Saint Michael". It is in the parish of Saint Michael. Bridgetown is sometimes locally called "The City", but more common is simply "Town".

paragraphs: The "Bridgetown" port, found along Carlisle Bay, is on the southwestern coast of the island. The Grantley Adams International Airport for Barbados, is southeast of Bridgetown city centre.

paragraphs: The present day location of the city was set by English settlers in 1628. This was after settlement at St. James Town. Bridgetown is a major West Indies tourist destination. On 25 June 2011, "Historic Bridgetown and its Garrison" were added as a World Heritage Site of UNESCO.

paragraphs: Bridgetown is the only city outside continental North America that George Washington visited.

paragraphs: English settlement of Bridgetown began on 5 July 1628 under Charles Wolverstone.


title: Hurricane belt

paragraphs: The hurricane belt is an area in the Atlantic Ocean which is likely to get hurricanes during the Atlantic hurricane season..


title: Grantley Adams International Airport

paragraphs: Grantley Adams International Airport (GAIA), is in Seawell, Christ Church on the island of Barbados. The former name of the airport was Seawell Airport. Then it was named in honour of the first Premier of Barbados, Sir Grantley Herbert Adams in 1976. GAIA is the only port of entry for persons arriving and leaving by air in Barbados.

paragraphs: In 2011, the Grantley Adams Airport was the 9th busiest airport in the Caribbean region.


title: Flag of Barbados

paragraphs: The national flag of Barbados was started on 30 November 1966. That was the island's first Independence Day. It has a triband of two bands of ultramarine. These are said to stand for the ocean. The middle band is golden. This is for the sand on the island. A black trident-head is centred in the golden band. The broken lower part is a symbolic break from its status as a colony. The three points of the trident are for the three principles of democracy - 1) government of, 2) for, and 3) by the people.

paragraphs: The design for the flag was made by Grantley W. Prescod. There was an open competition put on by the Barbados government. Over a thousand entries were received.


title: NME Awards

paragraphs: The NME Awards is a yearly music awards show in the United Kingdom. It was started by the music magazine, "NME" ("New Musical Express"). The first awards show was held in 1953.

paragraphs: At first it was called the NME Poll Winners Concerts. These continued through until 1972. The Beatles and The Rolling Stones were most commonly featured.

paragraphs: The awards began again in 1994 as the NME Brat Awards. This was a pun on the BRIT Awards.

paragraphs: Note: This list only includes winners of major awards (e.g. Best Album, Best British Band, Best Track, etc.)


title: Overexposed (album)

paragraphs: Overexposed is the fourth studio album by American pop rock band Maroon 5. The album was released on June 26, 2012 under A&M/Octone Records in the United States. The album was announced on March 26, 2012 on the group's newsletter. The album's producers consist of One Republic frontman Ryan Tedder, Benjamin "Benny Blanco" Levin, Max Martin, and Shellback. The lead single off the album "Payphone" was released on April 16, 2012. It features rapper Wiz Khalifa. The song peaked at number two on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart and number-one on the Digital Songs chart. It sold 490,000+ digital downloads within its first week beating out the previous toppers Black Eyed Peas with their hit single "I Gotta Feeling."

paragraphs: On May 18, 2012 the band performed the song "One More Night" in Atlantic City publicly for the first time. It was announced on May 22nd that it would serve as the album's second single before the time of the album's release on June 26, 2012. And the third and fourth singles of the album were "Daylight" and "Love Somebody".


title: Coat of arms of Barbados

paragraphs: The coat of arms of Barbados was started on independence in 1966. Like other former British lands in the Caribbean, the coat of arms has a helmet with a national symbol on top. It has a shield beneath that is supported by two animals.

paragraphs: The national symbol on top of the helmet is the fist of a Barbadian. It is holding two stalks of sugar cane that are crossed to resemble St. Andrew's Cross. This is for the importance of the sugar. Barbados has its national independence day on St. Andrew's Day.

paragraphs: The shield is gold in colour. On it are two of the national flower, and a single bearded fig tree. The shield is supported by a dolphin fish and pelican. They are for the fishing industry and Pelican Island.

paragraphs: At the bottom is Barbados' national motto ""Pride and Industry"" on a scroll.


title: In Plenty and In Time of Need

paragraphs: In Plenty and In Time of Need is the national anthem of the country of Barbados. It was written by Irving Burgie. The music was written by C. Van Roland Edwards. As one part of the West Indies Federation Barbados' anthem was supposed to be Forged from the Love of Liberty. The current anthem was made with Barbados' moves toward independence. This song was then taken by Barbados when it became independent in 1966.


title: James–Lange theory

paragraphs: The James-Lange Theory is a hypothesis about emotions. It is one of the earliest theories of emotion. The theory is that emotions come from the physiological response to what is happening around us.

paragraphs: It was developed independently by two 19th-century scholars, William James and Carl Lange. The basic idea of the theory is that physiological arousal triggers the experience of a specific emotion. The theory is that the physiological change is primary, and emotion is caused by the information from the body's nervous system.

paragraphs: The theory has been criticised and modified over the course of time. There are several competing theories.


title: Nurse Jackie

paragraphs: Nurse Jackie is an American comedy-drama television series. It began on June 8, 2009. It is on Showtime, Movie Central and The Movie Network. It stars Edie Falco as an emergency room nurse at a hospital in New York City.


title: Christ Church, Barbados

paragraphs: Christ Church is a parish of Barbados. It has a land area of . It is found at the southern end of the island.

paragraphs: The parish has the Sir Grantley Adams International Airport. It also has the last remaining mangrove swamp in the country, the Graeme Hall Nature Sanctuary. Another notable area of Christ Church is Saint Lawrence Gap. It is the most lively tourist area on the island. Many of the taverns and clubs in St. Lawrence are used by locals and tourists alike.


title: Saint Andrew, Barbados

paragraphs: Saint Andrew ("St. Andrew") is one of eleven parishes of Barbados. It is in the northern area in the country. Saint Andrew has the country's highest natural elevation, the Mount Hillaby at the southern part of the parish.

paragraphs: The parish is named after the patron saint, Saint Andrew. He is also the basis of the name for Barbados' highest national award "The Order of Saint Andrew".

paragraphs: During the colonial years under Britain, the British thought the area looked like the hills and fields of Scotland. Now is nicknamed the "Scotland District".

paragraphs: Saint Andrew is on the eastern coastline of Barbados. There the Atlantic Ocean tends to be more turbulent. The parish is home to several natural reserves including the Turner's Hall Woods.


title: Gestational diabetes

paragraphs: Gestational diabetes (or gestational diabetes mellitus, GDM) is a condition in which females who previously were not having diabetes exhibit higher than normal levels of blood sugar while pregnant. The illness usually shows few signs/symptoms . It is usually found during pregnancy medical checks. Up to 16% of pregnant women are affected by GDM. Pregnant women with family history of having diabetes and ethnic background have higher chances of getting the disease.

paragraphs: Gestational diabetes is caused when a pregnant woman's body does not produce enough insulin, leading to higher than normal blood sugar levels. Some women with GDM are treated with drugs. However, healthy eating and regular exercise can help to lower the chances of getting GDM.

paragraphs: It is still unclear what causes gestational diabetes. It may be due to the action of pregnancy hormones, blocking the action of insulin to its receptors. This prevents cells to take in glucose properly. This causes sugar to remain in blood, where it continues to rise.

paragraphs: Babies born to mothers with gestational diabetes can have many problems, such as, being too large (which may make childbirth difficult), lower than normal blood glucose, or being born too early. More serious problems include brain problems or dead before birth. In addition, women with gestational diabetes have higher risk of getting Type 2 diabetes (or, in fewer cases, Type 1 diabetes) after pregnancy.

paragraphs: In most cases, children belonging to mothers having gestational diabetes are at higher risk of childhood obesity and Type 2 diabetes later in life. This can be stopped through healthy eating and regular exercise.

paragraphs: Common risk factors for developing gestational diabetes are:

paragraphs: A basic test is carried out during the first . The doctor or nurse will ask certain questions to check if the mother is at high risk of getting gestational diabetes.

paragraphs: Woman found with higher chance of getting GDM will be offered a blood glucose test. This allows the doctor to check the correct sugar levels in the mother's blood.

paragraphs: Light exercise and stop smoking during pregnancy can greatly help pregnant women to avoid getting GDM.


title: Zhou Enlai

paragraphs: Zhou Enlai (; 5 March 1898 – 8 January 1976) was the first Premier of the People's Republic of China. He served from October 1949 until his death in January 1976. Zhou served under Mao Zedong and was an important leader in the Communist Party.

paragraphs: A skilled and able diplomat, Zhou served as the Chinese foreign minister from 1949 to 1958. He believed in getting along with Western countries after the Korean War. He participated in the 1954 Geneva Conference and helped organize Richard Nixon's 1972 visit to China. He helped make policies regarding the disagreements with the U.S., Taiwan, the Soviet Union (after 1960), India and Vietnam. Zhou is best known as the long-time top aide to Mao Zedong. His specialty was foreign policy. Mao and Zhou's different personalities made them an effective team, according to Henry Kissinger, the American diplomat who dealt with both men.


title: Jean-Marc Ayrault

paragraphs: Jean-Marc Ayrault (born 25 January 1950) is a French politician. He was the Prime Minister of France from 15 May 2012 to 31 March 2014. He has also been the Mayor of Nantes since 1989. He was appointed prime minister by François Hollande following the defeat of the UMP president and the resignation of that government.


title: Slade in Flame

paragraphs: Slade in Flame is a 1975 movie directed by Richard Loncraine. The story follows a band's rise to fame and their decline, showing the dark side of the music business.

paragraphs: The band released a soundtrack in late 1974 under the same name.


paragraphs: The IEEAC is the corps of the Ingénieur des études et de l'exploitation de l'aviation civile (Civil Aviation Operations Engineer). It is the sixth corps of the French civil aviation authorities in terms of numbers with 777 IEEAC out of 13,076 agents the 1st of July 2011.

paragraphs: The third-year training of IEEAC is performed at the "École nationale de l'aviation civile" (French civil aviation university) of Toulouse.

paragraphs: They work for French civil aviation authorities.


title: Joseph Monier

paragraphs: Joseph Monier (November 8, 1823, Saint-Quentin-la-Poterie, France—March 13, 1906, Paris) was a French gardener. He was one of the inventors of reinforced concrete.

paragraphs: Monier did experiments with iron-wire reinforcement for his cement and concrete tubs and basins. He made the idea in 1867 and put his invention on exhibition the same year at the Paris Exposition.


title: Gary Johnson

paragraphs: Gary Earl Johnson (born January 1, 1953) is an American politician and businessman. He served as the 29th Governor of New Mexico from 1995 to 2003. Johnson was the Libertarian Party nominee for the 2012 US presidential election. He is well known for his low-tax libertarian views. On December 28, 2011 Johnson, withdrew his Republican campaign for president and joined the Libertarian Party as its candidate.

paragraphs: On January 6, 2016, Johnson announced that he is running for President again for the Libertarian party. He won the nomination on May 29, 2016, however lost the election to Donald Trump. In the election, Johnson won more votes than any other Libertarian candidate in history with 4.5 million votes.

paragraphs: In August 2018, Johnson became the Libertarian nominee for U.S. Senate of New Mexico in the 2018 election. He lost the election to incumbent Democrat Martin Heinrich.

paragraphs: Johnson was born in Minot, North Dakota. His father was Earl Johnson and his mother was Lorraine Bostow. He is of Danish, Norwegian and Ukrainian descent. He was raised in Albuquerque, New Mexico. He studied at the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque.

paragraphs: Johnson entered politics for the first time by running for Governor of New Mexico in 1994 on a fiscally conservative, low-tax and anti-crime plan. He won the election beating the current governor Bruce King.

paragraphs: During his time as governor, Johnson became known for his low-tax libertarian views, following the policies of tax and bureaucracy reduction supported by a cost–benefit analysis rationale. He cut the 10% annual growth in the budget: in part, due to his use of the gubernatorial veto 200 times during his first six months in office. Johnson set state and national records for his use of veto and line-item veto powers, estimated to have been more than the other 49 contemporary governors combined, which gained him the nicknames "Veto Johnson" and "Governor Veto".

paragraphs: Johnson successfully sought re-election in 1998. In his second term, he concentrated on the issue of school voucher reforms, as well as campaigning for marijuana decriminalization and legalization, and opposition to the War on Drugs. Term limited, Johnson could not run for re-election at the end of his second term. He left office in 2003.

paragraphs: In April 2011, Johnson announced that he was running for President of the United States. He ran as a Republican. After poor polling numbers in Republican polls and not qualified to attend the debates, Johnson switched his political views and ran as a Libertarian. He beat Libertarian candidate R. Lee Wrights for the nomination at the convention. California Judge James P. Gray was his running mate.

paragraphs: In the 2012 United States presidential election, Johnson received 0.99% of the popular vote, a total of 1,275,971 votes. This was the best result in the Libertarian Party's history by raw vote number, though under the 1.1 percentage of the vote won by Ed Clark in 1980.

paragraphs: In an April 2014 Reddit "Ask Me Anything" session, Johnson stated that he hopes to run for president again in 2016. On whether he would run as a Libertarian or a Republican, he stated that "I would love running as a Libertarian because I would have the least amount of explaining to do."

paragraphs: In November 2014, Johnson said he wanted to run for the 2016 Libertarian nomination. Johnson resigned from his post as CEO of Cannabis Sativa, Inc. in January 2016 to pursue political opportunities, hinting to a 2016 presidential run.

paragraphs: On January 6, 2016, Johnson announced that we will run for president for the Libertarian Party nomination.

paragraphs: A poll done by Monmouth University to show who people wanted to win the election showed that Johnson was at 11%.

paragraphs: Johnson won the party's nomination on May 29, 2016 at the Libertarian Convention in Orlando, Florida.

paragraphs: In the election, Johnson received nearly 4.5 million votes (3.27% of the total vote), which is the most for a third party presidential candidate since 1996 and the highest national vote share for a Libertarian candidate in history.

paragraphs: In late July of 2018, Johnson was thinking about running in the 2018 U.S. Senate race in New Mexico after Land Commissioner Aubrey Dunn Jr., was dropping out of the race. Dunn then formally withdrew from the race on July 30.

paragraphs: On August 4, Johnson was formally nominated by the Libertarian Party of New Mexico as Dunn's replacement.

paragraphs: Johnson formally launched his candidacy by accepting his party's nomination on August 14. However, Johnson lost the general election in a landslide to Democratic incumbent Martin Heinrich.

paragraphs: Johnson was married to Dee Simms from 1997 until her death from heart disease in 2005. As of 2012, he has been engaged with Kate Prusack. They were together since 2009. Johnson has a daughter and a son.


title: Menarche

paragraphs: Menarche is the first menstrual cycle for female human beings. From medical and social perspectives it is often the central event of female puberty, as it signals the possibility of fertility. Girls experience menarche at different ages. The timing for menarche is influenced via female biology, in addition to genetic and environmental issues, particularly nutritional factors. The average age of menarche for the United States is near 12.5 years and 12.75 years for Canada.


title: Viper

paragraphs: Vipers are a family of venomous snakes, the Viperidae. All have long, hinged fangs that dig deep into their prey and inject venom. The venom causes internal bleeding. There are four subfamilies of the Viperidae.

paragraphs: All vipers have a pair of long hollow fangs which are used to inject venom from glands found in the back of the upper jaws. The venom is a kind of protease, a destroyer of protein.

paragraphs: Almost all vipers have ridged scales, a well built body with a short tail and, to make room for the venom glands, a triangular-shaped head. Their slit-shaped pupils can open wide to open most of the eye, or close almost completely. This helps them to see in a wide range of light levels. Vipers are nocturnal, meaning that they sleep in the day and wake up at night to go hunting.

paragraphs: Like other snakes, vipers are predators, meaning that they eat other animals. Their main diet is birds (including bird eggs), amphibians, such as frogs and toads, and other small reptiles like lizards and smaller snakes.

paragraphs: Most viper species are ovoviviparous, giving birth to live young, but a few lay eggs. The word "viper" is derived from Latin "vivo" = "I live" and "pario" = "I give birth".

paragraphs: Viper snakes are found in Americas, Africa, Eurasia. In the Americas they live from southern Canada, through the United States, Mexico, Central America, and into South America. The only type of viper which lives in the United Kingdom are the adders.

paragraphs: Vipers are predators, meaning that they eat other animals, their main diet is eating birds (including bird eggs), amphibians, such as frogs and toads, and other small reptiles like lizards and other smaller snakes.


title: Abdelbaset al-Megrahi

paragraphs: Abdelbaset Ali Mohmed al-Megrahi (1 April 1952 – 20 May 2012) was a Libyan man who was convicted for the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland. Megrahi was the head of security for Libyan Arab Airlines, Libya's national airline, and was accused of being a spy. He was born in Tripoli.

paragraphs: Megrahi was the only person convicted in connection with bombing of Pan Am Flight 103, which happened on 21 December 1988. He was held under armed guard in Libya from 1991 until 1999, when he was moved to the Netherlands. His trial began in May 2000 in a special court in the Netherlands. On 31 January 2001, he was convicted of 270 counts of murder. He was sentenced to life imprisonment.

paragraphs: He was held in Scottish prisons until he was released on compassionate grounds on 20 August 2009 because he had terminal prostate cancer. He returned to Tripoli that day and died of the disease there.


title: Tony Hancock

paragraphs: Anthony John Hancock (12 May 1924 – 24 June 1968) was a British comedian and actor. He worked on radio, on television and in movies. He was best known for appearing in the BBC radio comedy "Hancock's Half Hour" (1954–1961). He worked with comedian Sid James until 1960.

paragraphs: Hancock was born in Hall Green, Birmingham. He grew up in Bournemouth, Hampshire and was educated in Swanage, Dorset and Reading, Berkshire.

paragraphs: Hancock was a depressed alcoholic. In 1968, killed himself with an overdose of amphetamines and vodka in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.


title: Tawang

paragraphs: Tawang district is one of the 16 Districts of Arunachal Pradesh in the North-east India. The area is historically Tibetan territory and is claimed by China as a part of South Tibet. It is the eighth least populous district in the country (out of 640).


title: Clara Petacci

paragraphs: Clara Petacci (28 February 1912 – 28 April 1945) was the last mistress of Benito Mussolini, who was 28 years older. She was born in Rome.

paragraphs: Mussolini tried to escape to Switzerland, with some of his helpers. After being captured Petacci was given an opportunity to flee, which she declined. She was shot, with the other prisoners. It is possible that Petacci was raped before her death. The bodies were then hung head down in Milan.


title: Filippo Raciti

paragraphs: Filippo Raciti (17 January 1967–2 February 2007) was an Italian police officer who was killed in a fight between Calcio Catania fans outside a stadium in Catania. Raciti's death was in the news around the world. All of the Italian football matches, even the national team, were suspended for a week.


title: Natural law

paragraphs: Natural law is the idea that there are forms of law that exist by themselves in nature, regardless of whether people exist or recognise them or not. Unlike other forms of law (called "positive laws") that have been agreed on by society, such laws would be given to all, and would not be possible to go against. Such rights are called natural. In modern times, human rights are often seen as coming from natural law, but the idea goes back to Ancient Greece.

paragraphs: Natural law is often founded on the following:

paragraphs: Important philosophers who developed natural law include Aristotle, Plato, Seneca the Younger, Thomas Aquinas, and Immanuel Kant. People who criticized this approach include Jeremy Bentham and Hans Kelsen.


title: Robert Zemeckis

paragraphs: Robert Lee Zemeckis (born May 14, 1952) is an American movie director, producer and screenwriter. He was born in Chicago and raised in the community area of Roseland, Chicago.

paragraphs: Zemeckis directed "Romancing the Stone", "Back to the Future", "Who Framed Roger Rabbit", "Back to the Future Part II", "Back to the Future Part III", "Death Becomes Her", "Forrest Gump", "Contact", "What Lies Beneath", "Cast Away", "The Polar Express", and "A Christmas Carol".


title: Offensive guard

paragraphs: In American and Canadian football, a guard (G) is a player that lines up between the center and the tackles on the offensive line of a football team.

paragraphs: The guard's job is to protect the quarterback from the incoming defensive line and linebackers during pass plays, as well as creating openings (holes) for the running backs to run through.


title: Center (American football)

paragraphs: Center (C) is a position in American football and Canadian football. The center is the innermost lineman of the offensive line on a football team's offense. The center is also the player who passes (or "snaps") the ball between his legs to the quarterback at the start of each play.

paragraphs: Besides that centers protect the quarterback and block for the running back during a play.


title: Joseph Epstein

paragraphs: Joseph Epstein (born January 9, 1937 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American academic, writer and editor. He is best known as an editor of "The American Scholar" from 1975 to 1997. He was given the National Humanities Medal in 2003.

paragraphs: In an summary based on writings by and about Joseph Epstein, OCLC/WorldCat includes roughly 60+ works in 135 publications in 6 languages and 21,000+ library holdings.


title: Ross Lynch

paragraphs: Ross Shor Lynch (born on December 29, 1995) is an actor, singer, instrumentalist and dancer U.S. of Littleton, Colorado. He is most recognised for playing Austin Moon in the musical comedy of Disney Channel, "Austin & Ally". He is a the key vocalist in his family band, R5 , which includes his two older brothers Rocky, Riker and only sister Rydel. His brother, Riker Lynch, has a minor recurring character in the hit series "Glee".

paragraphs: Ross Lynch was born and raised in Littleton, Colorado and is the fourth son of Mark and Stormie Lynch. He, with his brothers and sister, are members of the hit band R5. He was educated at home from the fourth grade and only attended a music/singing class in which they found their fifth and final member of the band, Ellington Ratliff. After his oldest brother had taken a liking to the bass guitar, He decided to also practice and thus the band had formed. He grew up imitating the songs of the movie "Grease" and former band 'N Sync with his brothers. The Teen heart-throb is One of five children, with three brothers and a sister (Riker, Ryland, Rocky, Rydel). In 2007, he moved with his family a California to pursue his career, which is where he gained his disney career and later met his girlfriend, Courtney Eaton, an Australian model and actress.

paragraphs: Ross Lynch has appeared in over 20 national commercials and several national campaigns and print advertising. R5 has also been featured in a series of music videos such as" Hannah Montana" on Disney Channel ,"Kidz Bop" and" Kung Fu Panda". Ross can play piano, drums, guitar and the violin. In his Disney days he danced for The Rage Boyz Crew

paragraphs: , a group founded by a dance company in the Southern California. He has appeared in" So You Think You Can Dance" and has had guest appearances on the series "Moises Rules!", And can even be see in the movie" Grapple! " Anton Troy.

paragraphs: Ross Lynch starred in the Disney Channel Original Series, "Austin & Ally", in which he played a confident and charismatic singer Austin Moon, half of a musical duo that became a teen sensation (and heart-throb)on the Internet.

paragraphs: Ross plays rhythm guitar in his family band R5 and has written Many original songs with his brothers,sister and family friend.


title: Flo Rida

paragraphs: Tramar Lacel Dillard (born September 16, 1979) better known by his stage name Flo Rida is an American rapper and singer-songwriter. Some of his hits are "Low", "Club Can't Handle Me", "Good Feeling", "Wild Ones", and "Whistle". He is known for pairing up with Taio Cruz, David Guetta, Sia, and T-Pain. He also made famous songs with Alexandra Burke and Olly Murs. Rida is a Democrat and attended the 2012 Democratic National Convention in support of President Obama's re-election.


title: Bram Cohen

paragraphs: Bram Cohen (born October 12, 1975) is an American computer programmer. He made the first torrent client, called BitTorrent.


title: Icy Tower

paragraphs: Icy Tower is a freeware computer game. It involves a small avatar (or character) with a winter hat, jumping across platforms in an icy tower. The goal of the game is to climb as high as you can up the tower.

paragraphs: The game was released in 2001. It was pretty successful and is known for its fast game pace and funny sounds.


paragraphs: In France, the corps of Technicien supérieur des études et de l'exploitation de l'aviation civile (TSEEAC, Civil aviation opérations Technicians) of the French civil aviation authorities is a B-class job on the Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development, Transport and Housing.

paragraphs: Also called "TSA fonctionnaires" (TSA civil servants), perform a two-year training at the École nationale de l'aviation civile (French civil aviation university).

paragraphs: TSEEAC can do many jobs at the French civil aviation authorities (DGAC) : technical assistant, aerodrome air traffic controller, ramp manager (at Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport), aeronautical information operator, officer of the regional offices of information and assistance in flight, investigation assistant, ...

paragraphs: The corps of TSEEAC has several name changes since the 1960s :


title: Babak (name)

paragraphs: Babak () is an Iranian name coming from the Middle Persian Pāpak. Babak means "father" in Persian.


title: On the Buses

paragraphs: On the Buses is a British sitcom set in fictional Luxton in Essex. It ran from 28 February 1969 until 6 May 1973.

paragraphs: The show stars Reg Varney as bus driver Stan Butler, Bob Grant as his conductor and best friend Jack Harper and Stephen Lewis as their inspector Blakey. Anna Karen plays Stan's sister Olive Rudge and Michael Robbins plays her husband Arthur Rudge. The role of Stan's widowed mother Mabel Butler was played by Cicely Courtneidge in series 1 and by Doris Hare in the other series.


title: Hyperactivity

paragraphs: Hyperactivity (word derived from "hyper" and "to act") can be described as a physical state.

paragraphs: People who have it can not control their overactive behavior and are abnormally active.


title: Amy Heckerling

paragraphs: Amy Heckerling (born May 7, 1954) is an American movie director. Her movies include: "Fast Times at Ridgemont High", "Johnny Dangerously", "National Lampoon's European Vacation", "Look Who's Talking", "Look Who's Talking Too", "Look Who's Talking Now", "Clueless", "A Night at the Roxbury" and "Loser".

paragraphs: Heckerling was born in The Bronx and spent her childhood there, before moving to Queens.


title: Mercenary (band)

paragraphs: Mercenary is a heavy metal band from Aalborg, Denmark.


title: Accept (band)

paragraphs: Accept is a heavy metal band from Solingen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It was formed in 1968 by Udo Dirkschneider. The band played an important role in the development of speed metal.


title: Autumn (band)

paragraphs: Autumn is a Dutch gothic metal band formed in 1995.


title: Jennifer Stone

paragraphs: Jennifer Lindsay Stone (born February 12, 1993) is an American actress. She played Harper Finkle on the television series "Wizards of Waverly Place" and Harriet Welsh in the movie "".


title: Jennette McCurdy

paragraphs: Jennette Michelle Faye McCurdy (born June 26, 1992) is an American actress. She played Sam Puckett on the Nickelodeon TV series "iCarly". She also appeared in other TV series. These include "True Jackson, VP", "Malcolm in the Middle" and "Lincoln Heights". McCurdy grew up in Garden Grove, California. Between 2013 and 2014, she played in the TV series "Sam & Cat" as Sam Puckett as a meat loving babysitter.

paragraphs: Jennette McCurdy was born on June 26, 1992 in Long Beach, California. She grew up in Garden Grove with her parents. She has three older brothers.

paragraphs: She began to act with the age of 8 years. She had some guest appearances like "Zoey 101". She played from 2007 to 2012 in the TV series "iCarly" as "Sam Puckett and then in 2013 she played Sam Puckett in the spin-off series titled Sam & Cat."


title: Washington Senators

paragraphs: Since 1900, there have been two Major League Baseball teams in Washington, D.C. called the Washington Senators

paragraphs: The first Senators team played in Washington from 1901-1960, and moved to become the Minnesota Twins.

paragraphs: The second Senators team played in Washington from 1961-1971, and moved to become the Texas Rangers.

paragraphs: The current team is called the Washington Nationals.


title: Adder

paragraphs: The adder, "Vipera berus" is a venomous viper that can be found throughout most of Western Europe and all the way to East Asia. It is the only venomous snake in the British Isles.

paragraphs: They are not highly dangerous: the snake is not aggressive and usually only bites when alarmed or disturbed. Bites can be very painful, but they are rarely fatal. The snake is not threatened, though it is protected in some countries.

paragraphs: Adults grow to about 60 centimeters (24 in) in length. The largest, at around 90–104 (35–41 in), are found in Scandinavia. In France and Great Britain, the maximum size is 80–87 centimeters (31–34 in), weighing from 50 grams (1.8 oz) to about 180 grams (6.3 oz).

paragraphs: Unusually for snakes, the sexes can be seen by their colour. Females are usually brownish with dark-brown markings, the males are pure grey with black markings.

paragraphs: The species has two morphs. The common pattern is the one with dark stripe with crossbars along the back, on a lighter body. The melanistic morph is very dark all over. The dark morph is more common in females. Polymorphism is usually maintained by natural selection.

paragraphs: The adder has a wide range. It lives in across Eurasian.

paragraphs: In several European countries it is the only native venomous snake.

paragraphs: The adder's diet is mainly small mammals such as mice, voles, shrews and even weasels and moles. Sometimes, they eat slow worms and lizards. They feed on amphibia, such as frogs, newts, and salamanders. There have been reports of adders eating birds, especially nestlings and eggs. Adders are ovoviviparous. Once they reach about 30 cm (1 ft) in length, their diet becomes adult.

paragraphs: They are protected by law in the U.K., (Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981), and by the Berne Convention (the Berne Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats). It is an offence to harm them.


title: Tapaculo

paragraphs: The tapaculos (pronounced "ta-pa-COO-lo") are a group of small passeriform birds. They have many species, and are found mostly in South America, especially in the Andean regions. Three species, the Choco, the Pale-throated and the Silvery-fronted Tapaculo, are found in southern Central America. Tapaculos nest in many places, from ground burrows to tree holes. Some make a ball nest in a bush.


title: Gnateater

paragraphs: The gnateaters are a bird family, Conopophagidae. They are made of ten small passerine species in two genera. They live in South and Central America. They are very closely related to the antbirds and less closely to the antpittas and tapaculos. Gnateaters are not studied or known as much because of their remote habitat. However, they are often watched by birdwatchers. Gnateaters feed on insects. They catch them in the understory of South American forests.


title: Ovenbird

paragraphs: The Ovenbird ("Seiurus aurocapilla") is a small songbird of the order Passeriformes. Its family is Parulidae. The ovenbird was named after its domed nest with a side entrance, which looks like an oven. This migratory bird is found in eastern North America and winters in Central America, many Caribbean Islands, Florida, and northern Venezuela. The ovenbird walks, unlike most other members of its family, which hop.


title: Wang Jha-ji

paragraphs: Wang Jha-ji (; hanja: , 1066 - May 1122) was a Korean politician, general, musician, and ambassador during the Goryeo dynasty. His posthumous name is Jangsoon ( ; ), Chinese style name was Wonjang ( ; ), first name was Sojoong ( ; ).


title: Hemopneumothorax

paragraphs: Hemopneumothorax is a medical problem where the lung is damaged and the chest fills up with air and blood. It is treated by opening the chest and putting in a chest drain. This can only be done by paramedics or doctors. A hemopneumothorax often happens after high speed crashes and penetrating chest wounds.


paragraphs: In France, the training of the Technicien supérieur de l'aviation (civilian) (TSA civilian, in English Advanced Technician in Aviation non civil servant) is performed by the "École nationale de l'aviation civile" (French civil aviation university). The TSA civilians can have different jobs in airports, airlines or manufacturers.


title: State Duma

paragraphs: The State Duma () is the Lower House of the Parliament. It is a part of the legislative branch of the government of Russia. The State Duma was first introduced in 1906. It was Russia's first elected parliament. In 1922, it was replaced with the Soviet Parliament. It was re-established in 1993.

paragraphs: It makes laws, elects the prime minister and supervises the work of the government. It also has the power to remove the President from office. It can also call new elections. The Duma has de jure authority to make and change any laws without being overturned.

paragraphs: It can pass any law by a simple majority. There are 450 members in the Duma.


paragraphs: The Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park is part of the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Site. It is a large park with lakes, temperate rainforests and alpine heathland. Cradle Mountain is a jagged dolerite mountain peak. There are sites around the park where the Australian Aborigines lived 10,000 years ago during the last ice age. Tasmania's tallest mountain, Mt. Ossa, above sea level, is in the park.

paragraphs: An area of was protected in May 1922 as a scenic reserve, becoming a National Park in 1972. The National Park now covers an area of . There is a walking track, called the Overland Track, between Cradle Mountain and Lake St Clair.

paragraphs: Other National Parks and reserves in the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area are:


title: Whatcheeria

paragraphs: Whatcheeria is an extinct genus of early tetrapod from the early Mississippian of Iowa. Fossils have been found in an old limestone quarry in the town of Delta. They date to 340 million year ago (mya). The type species "W. deltae" was named in 1995. It is classified with the closely related "Pederpes" in the family Whatcheeriidae.

paragraphs: "Whatcheeria" possesses a mixture of basal and derived (advanced) traits. Like other stem tetrapods it has a series of lateral lines across the skull, and rows of teeth on the palate These are basal traits derived from its lobe-finned fish ancestors.

paragraphs: It has a cleithrum, a bone in the pectoral girdle that extends from the scapula. The cleithrum once attached to the skull in lobe-finned fish, the ancestors of tetrapods, but detached to allow the neck to move freely.

paragraphs: "Whatcheeria" grew to about long. The skull is deep (this is an advanced trait) and the snout is pointed. A hole on the top of the skull behind the eyes called the parietal foramen is relatively large in "Whatcheeria". The bones on the skull surface are unusually smooth, unlike the pitted skulls of many other early tetrapods.

paragraphs: With modern cladistic taxonomy, Whatcheeriidae is not placed in Amphibia or any other class but simply as its own family within Tetrapoda. Its relationships with other tetrapods are left unclear.


title: CFS

paragraphs:
CFS is an acronym for:
CFS may also refer to:


title: Monarchy of Barbados

paragraphs: Barbados is a Commonwealth realm. Queen Elizabeth II is the reigning monarch since 6 February 1952. She is Barbado's head of state.

paragraphs: Many of the jobs of the government are done by the Governor-General.


title: Elliott Belgrave

paragraphs: Elliot Belgrave, CHB, QC (born March 16, 1931), is a Barbadian politician and retired High Court Judge. He was the Acting Governor-General of Barbados from 1 November 2011 to June 30, 2017. Belgrave graduated from the universities of Cambridge (MA) and London (LLB). He is a former Director of Public Prosecutions in Barbados. He was Judge of the Supreme Court and Court of Appeal of Barbados. He is a Queen's Counsel. Belgrave was awarded the Companion of Honour of Barbados for his contribution to the legal system in Barbados.


title: Barbadian

paragraphs: Barbadian, often shortened to Bajan, may be anything of or relating to Barbados and may also refer directly to:


title: Bajan Creole

paragraphs: Bajan is an English-based creole language. People on the Caribbean island of Barbados speak it. Bajan, like many other English-based Caribbean creole languages, has a West African substrate and an English superstrate. Bajan is similar but different from the creoles of neighbouring Caribbean islands.

paragraphs: Bajan is the Caribbean creole with the closest grammar to Standard English.

paragraphs: In general, the people of Barbados speak standard British English on TV and radio, in courthouses, in government, and in day-to-day business. Bajan is for less formal situations, in music, or in social commentary.


title: Barbadian people

paragraphs: Barbadians or Bajans are people from the Caribbean island of Barbados. They can live on Barbados or live in another country.

paragraphs: Many Bajans now live overseas and outside of Barbados. Most have moved to English language countries. There are some 60,000 Bajans in the United Kingdom, around 54,509 Bajans in the United States and 20,000 in Canada.


title: Prime Minister of Barbados

paragraphs: The Prime Minister of Barbados is the head of government of Barbados. The Prime Minister is picked by the Queen of Barbados. The Governor-General is responsible for holding the parliamentary elections. He says which one of the electors is Prime Minister.

paragraphs: This is a list of Prime Ministers of Barbados.


title: Freundel Stuart

paragraphs: Freundel Jerome Stuart PC QC MP (born 27 April 1951) is a Barbadian politician who was the seventh and former Prime Minister of Barbados and Leader of the Democratic Labor Party from 23 October 2010 to 21 February 2013; and from 21 February 2013 to 25 May 2018. He succeeded David Thompson, who died in office on 23 October 2010 from pancreatic cancer. He is a member of the Democratic Labour Party (DLP) and represents the Saint Michael South Constituency.

paragraphs: Stuart was born in Saint Philip, Barbados. He is the Father of one daughter.

paragraphs: An alumnus of the Christ Church Foundation School, Stuart is graduate of the University of the West Indies and holds degrees in Political science and Law. He is a Lawyer and his practice encompasses Criminal and Corporate Law

paragraphs: In 1974, Stuart officially joined the Ministry of Education and became a Teacher in Princess Margaret Secondary School.

paragraphs: He has supported several community organisations and sponsors the Dayrells United Achievers Community Club and the Notre Dame Sports Club.

paragraphs: Stuart entered and officially joined the Democratic Labour Party In 1970 and served in the Senate of Barbados until 1994. He emtered elective Politics in 1994 and stood as a Candidate under the Democratic Labor Party for Saint Philip, Barbados In the 1994 Barbadian General Election, which he won.

paragraphs: The Democratic Labour Party lost the 1994 Barbadian General Election but he became a Member of Parliament for St. Philip South.

paragraphs: Stuart was elected as First Vice- President of the Democratic Labour Party and Deputy Leader of the Opposition under Opposition Leader, David Thompson in 1995.

paragraphs: Stuart was also appointed in 1995 as Shadow Deputy prime minister, Shdaow Attorney general and Shdaow Minister of Home Affairs by David Thompson to serve in his Shadow cabinet of David Thompson

paragraphs: In 2004, Stuart was elected as the Leader and President of the Democratic Labour Party (Barbados) In a leadership election which was held in the Party Headquarters In George Street. Stuart narrowly defeated then DLP Leader and President, Clyde Mascoll but remained as Deputy Leader of the Opposition.

paragraphs: After the Democratic Labor Party (Barbados) won the 2008 Barbadian general election, Stuart was appointed as Deputy prime minister, Attorney general and Minister of Home Affairs by Prime Minister David Thompson (Barbadian politician) to serve in his Cabinet. Stuart served in those three positions until May 2010.

paragraphs: Stuart served as acting Prime Minister of Barbados since May 2010 when Prime Minister David Thompson (Barbadian Politician) became ill with pancreatic cancer. Adriel Brathwaite succeeded Stuart in the positions he then held, namely Attorney general and Minister of Home Affairs. Thompson died on 23 October 2010. Leaders of the Democratic Labor Party held an emergency meeting at the party’s Headquarters in George Street In Bridgetown on the morning of Thompson’s death, during which Stuart was chosen as the next Prime Minister.

paragraphs: Stuart was sworn in as the 7th Prime Minister of Barbados and Minister for National Security, the public service and Urban Development the same day by Governor General Clifford Husbands.

paragraphs: In 2011, Stuart was appointed as a member of the UN Global Panel on Sustainability.

paragraphs: Stuart won his first election as Prime Minister on 21 February 2013, defeating Barbados Labour Party challenger (for his consituncy) Noel Lynch.

paragraphs: On 24 January 2014 Stuart became a member of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom which bestowed him the title of “Right Honourable”.

paragraphs: Stuart had announced changes for Barbados including his intention to turn Barbados into a republic and replace the Queen of Barbados with a ceremonial President as Head of state. On 22 March 2015, Stuart told a meeting of his Democratic Labour Party (Barbados): “We cannot pat ourselves on the shoulder at having gone into independence; having decolonized our Politics; we cannot pat ourselves on the shoulders at having decolonised our jurisprudence by delinking from the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council and explain to anybody why we continue to have a monarchical system. Therefore, the Right Excellent Errol Barrow decolonized the Politics; Owen Arthur decolonized the jurisprudence and Freundel Stuart is going to complete the process.

paragraphs: The genaral secretary of the Democratic Labour Party, George Pilgrim, confirmed the move and said that it is expected to coincide with the 50th anniversary of Barbadian independence in 2016. According to Pilgrim, the change will be implemented through a bill that will be presented to the Parliament of Barbados.

paragraphs: According to the country’s Constitution, a two-third majority in Parliament, both in the House of Assembly of Barbados and the Senate of Barbados must have a two-third of the ruling party.

paragraphs: In the event that Barbados becomes a republic, it will still retain its membership of the Commonwealth of Nations but the Queen of Barbados will be replaced in her presence with a ceremonial President as head of state. The position of Governor-General of Barbados will also be dissolved.


title: Parliament of Barbados

paragraphs: The Parliament of Barbados is the national legislature of Barbados. The Parliament is bicameral, meaning there are 2 houses. The Senate is the Upper house. The House of Assembly is the Lower house. Parliament is in the national capital Bridgetown in Saint Michael.

paragraphs: The Senate is made up of twenty-one Senators and The Queen. The Queen is represented by the Governor-General. Senators are appointed. The term is 5 years.

paragraphs: The House has thirty Members of Parliament (MPs). There is also the Honourable Speaker of the House. Members of the House are elected. The term is 5 years. The next election is due to be scheduled by January 2013.


title: Barbadian dollar

paragraphs: The dollar has been the currency of Barbados since 1935. The present dollar has the ISO 4217 code "BBD". It is normally abbreviated with the dollar sign "$". Sometimes it is written "Bds$" to be different from other currencies that are called dollar. It is divided into 100 cents.


title: North American Numbering Plan

paragraphs: The North American Numbering Plan (NANP) is a telephone numbering plan. It includes 24 countries and territories, including the United States, Canada, Bermuda, and 17 nations of the Caribbean.

paragraphs: There are three-digit area codes and seven-digit telephone numbers.


title: Area code 246

paragraphs: The area code 246 is a part of the telephone numbering plan for Barbados. Phone numbers in Barbados have 7 digits.


title: Mount Hillaby

paragraphs: The peak of Mount Hillaby is the highest point on the Eastern Caribbean island nation of Barbados. The peak is in the parish of Saint Andrew. It overlooks the area known as the Scotland District to the north and east.


title: Saint George, Barbados

paragraphs: The parish of Saint George ("St. George") is in the interior of Barbados. It is one of two land-locked parishes. The other is Saint Thomas to the north. A landmark in the parish is Gun Hill Signal Station. It is one of the few remaining signal stations, dating back to 1818.

paragraphs: Saint George borders six of the eleven other parishes. This is more than any other parish.


title: Saint James, Barbados

paragraphs: The parish of Saint James ("St. James") is in the western part of the country of Barbados. St. James is known as the "Platinum Coast". There are many rich people who visit or live here. The parish is home to the Queen's College.


title: 8 out of 10 Cats

paragraphs: 8 out of 10 Cats is a British television comedy panel game. It began on 3 June 2005 and is shown on Channel 4. It is hosted by Jimmy Carr. Each episode has two teams, each has a captain and two celebrity guests. The captain of one team is Sean Lock. The other captain in series 1–4 is Dave Spikey; in series 5–10 it is Jason Manford; from series 11 onwards it is Jon Richardson. The 18th series ended in December 2014.


title: Polycystic ovary syndrome

paragraphs: Polycystic ovary syndrome is one of the most prevalent female endocrine health matters. PCOS is a complex and heterogeneous problem of uncertain etiology, although there is major evidence that the PCOS can be classified as a genetic health problem. This condition produces symptoms in between five percent to ten percent of females during the reproducing ages. Problems include although are not limited to hormones resulting in acne, hirsutism, resistance to insulin (which then results in diabetes mellitus, in particular Type 2 diabetes or latent autoimmune diabetes of adults), overweight and (in some women) high cholesterol levels. The symptoms and severity vary greatly among affected women.

paragraphs: Treatments include weight reduction, low-dose oral contraceptive pills, medroxyprogesterone and spironolactone. Clomiphene can be used as the treatment for those women who wish to get pregnant.


title: Zola (entertainer)

paragraphs: Bonginkosi Dlamini, professionally known as Zola, is a South African musician, actor and presenter. He also presents "Zola 7", a television program named for him, on SABC 1.

paragraphs: He was born on 24 April 1981 in the Soweto Township of Johannesburg, South Africa. Zola had time in prison as a youth for car theft.

paragraphs: Zola become well known for his role as the notorious gangster Papa Action in "Yizo Yizo 2". Zola has enjoyed success as a Kwaito superstar. He is also the owner of the music company Guluva Entertainment.

paragraphs: Zola raps in isiZulu and uses a lot of tsotsi.

paragraphs: He has received four South African Music Awards:

paragraphs: At the Metro FM Awards 2001, Zola won on public vote:


title: Arlette Zola

paragraphs: Arlette Zola (born 29 April 1949) is a Swiss singer. She was born Arlette Jaquet in the city of Fribourg. Zola was in the Eurovision Song Contest in 1982. Zola was placed third behind Germany and Israel. She made two more tries at reaching the Eurovision finals. In 1984 she took third place in the Swiss final. 1985 also saw her in third spot.


title: David Warner (actor)

paragraphs: David Warner (born 29 July 1941) is an English actor. He is known for playing both romantic leads and sinister or villainous characters. He has been in a range of media, including film, animation, television, and video games.


title: Chris Pine

paragraphs: Christopher Whitelaw "Chris" Pine (born August 26, 1980) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Steve Trevor in "Wonder Woman" (2017) and in the upcoming sequel "Wonder Woman 1984" (2019) and as James T. Kirk in the 2009 movie "Star Trek".


title: Hyperglycemia

paragraphs: Hyperglycemia means high blood sugar levels at or beyond 200 mg/dl. It is a serious and life threatening health problem that can be fatal if not properly treated in time.

paragraphs: In a healthy body, insulin helps glucose (sugar) get from the blood into the body's cells. There, the cells can use the sugar to make energy. However, when there is not enough insulin in the body, or if a person's body does not react to insulin normally (this is called insulin resistance), too much sugar stays in the blood. This can cause serious health problems.

paragraphs: Extremely high blood sugar means diabetes mellitus, a condition that often causes very high blood sugar. Hyperglycemia that comes and goes may mean diabetes of any kind, or may be developing under low insulin levels or resistance to insulin.

paragraphs: Three of the early signs of hyperglycemia are "the 3 polys": polydipsia (feeling very thirsty), polyphagia (feeling very hungry), and polyuria (urinating a lot). These things happen because:

paragraphs: Other early signs of high blood sugar include blurred vision, headache, and feeling tired.

paragraphs: If hyperglycemia gets worse or is not treated, it can cause toxic acids called ketones to build up in the blood and urine. This is called diabetic ketoacidosis, which is a medical emergency.

paragraphs: Symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis can include:


title: Blood sugar

paragraphs: Blood sugar is an amount of glucose present in the blood of humans or animals. It is the primary source for energy for body cells and blood lipids. Low blood sugar means hypoglycemia. High blood sugar means hyperglycemia. People with diabetes mellitus have high blood sugar.


title: Autodidact

paragraphs: An autodidact is a person who learns to do something by himself or herself. Often they learn things by reading about it, or by copying someone else.

paragraphs: Many great people taught themselves when there was no formal teaching in the topics which interested them. Examples are Leonardo da Vinci, Michael Faraday, and Charles Darwin. Much of the industrial revolution was done by men in a field of work where there was no previous experience. James Watt was a surveyor and instrument maker and is described as being "largely self-educated". Watt, like some other autodidacts of his time, became a Fellow of the Royal Society and a member of the Lunar Society.

paragraphs: Autodidactism is only one way to learn, and may be done together with formal education. Many autodidacts seek instruction and guidance from experts, friends, teachers, tutors, parents, siblings, and the community.


title: South East Mutton Bird Islet

paragraphs: South East Mutton Bird Islet is a steep islet, in south-eastern Australia. It is part of the Mutton Bird Island Group, at the southern end of the south-western coast of Tasmania. It is part of the Southwest National Park, and part of the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Site. It is very small, with an area of , and the highest point is above sea level.

paragraphs: The island is part of the Port Davey Islands Important Bird Area, so identified by BirdLife International because of its importance for breeding seabirds.

paragraphs: Seabird species that breed on the island are the Short-tailed Shearwater (Puffinus tenuirostris) (250 pairs), Fairy Prion (1000 pairs), Black-faced Cormorant and Silver Gull. The Short-tailed Shearwater is also called the Mutton Bird in Australia, giving the islet it's name.

paragraphs: Other National Parks and reserves in the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area are:


title: Eduardo Paolozzi

paragraphs: Sir Eduardo Luigi Paolozzi, KBE, RA (Edinburgh, 7 March 1924 – London, 22 April 2005), was a Scottish sculptor and artist. He was the eldest son of Italian immigrants.

paragraphs: Paolozzi studied at the Edinburgh College of Art in 1943, then moved to London. He was briefly at the St Martin's School of Art in 1944, and then at the Slade School of Fine Art at University College London from 1944 to 1947. He lived in Paris from 1947–1949. There he met Alberto Giacometti, Jean Arp, Constantin Brâncuşi, Georges Braque and Fernand Léger. They were a big influence on his later work.

paragraphs: Paolozzi was the founder of the pop art movement. Paolozzi's "I was a Rich Man's Plaything" (1947) is considered the first standard bearer of Pop Art and first to display the word "pop". Paolozzi showed the collage in 1952 as part of his groundbreaking "Bunk!" series at the Independent Group meeting in London.

paragraphs: He was a major figure in the international art sphere. Paolozzi investigated how we fitted into the modern world. He revealed our fragmented civilization through imagination and fantasy.

paragraphs: He was made Her Majesty's Sculptor in Ordinary for Scotland in 1986, which he held until his death.


title: Christine Lagarde

paragraphs: Christine Madeleine Odette Lagarde (née Lallouette) (born 1 January 1956) is a French economist, lawyer and politician who has been the Managing director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) since 5 July 2011. She previously served as French Minister of Finance from 19 June 2007 to 29 June 2011 when she was elected IMF managing director. Before that she served as French Minister for Commerce and Industry from 2 July 2005 to 15 May 2007 in the government of Dominique de Villepin.


title: Rain Man

paragraphs: Rain Man is a 1988 American drama movie. It was directed by Barry Levinson and produced by Mark Johnson. It was written by Barry Morrow and Ronald Bass. It stars Tom Cruise as Charlie Babbitt and Dustin Hoffman as his older brother Raymond Babbitt.

paragraphs: Charlie is a narcissist who is a dealer of new cars in Los Angeles, California. He hears of his father's death and is told that the vast majority of the estate has been left to Raymond, whom he cannot remember. Raymond is an autistic savant, who has an eidetic memory but is incapable of looking after himself. He has lived in an institution in Cincinnati, Ohio for about twenty years. Charlie drives Raymond to Las Vegas, Nevada where Raymond uses his skill at counting cards to win money in card games. They then go on to Los Angeles. During the journey, Charlie changes his feelings towards Raymond from being resentful to being caring and protective. Raymond lacks understanding of the world and requires 24 hour care, which Charlie cannot provide, so Raymond returns to his institution.

paragraphs: Rain Man won an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award. The movie was inspired by the life of savant Kim Peek (1951-2009).


title: Going Solo

paragraphs: Going Solo is a non-fiction book by Roald Dahl. It is the second part of his autobiography, and was published in 1986. "Going Solo" is the story of Dahl's first job, in Africa, and about how he became a RAF pilot in World War II.


title: Marc Houalla

paragraphs: Marc Houalla, born the 10th of February 1961 at Rueil-Malmaison, is a French aerospace engineer.

paragraphs: From the 28th of November 2008 to October 2017, he is the head of the French Civil Aviation University.

paragraphs: Graduate from the ENAC (IÉNAC L82) and having a MBA from HEC Paris (1990), he has done different jobs in air transport such as director of SEFA before being joining the French Civil Aviation University.

paragraphs: From November 2017 to February 2018, Marc Houalla is head of the Orly Airport and honorary President of ENAC Alumni. Since February, he is head of the Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport. Since March 2018, he is also head of ENAC Alumni.


title: Louis Pailhas

paragraphs: Louis Pailhas, born the 2nd of March 1926 in Foix, is a French politician and aerospace engineer.

paragraphs: From December 1967 to 1982, he was head of the French Civil Aviation University.

paragraphs: Graduate from French Civil Aviation University (Promotion 1949), he has done different job in civil aviation before joining the French Civil Aviation University in December 1967, the first to hold that position in Toulouse. He resigned in January 1982.

paragraphs: After that, in 1998, he is assistant of the Mayor of Toulouse, and then deputy Mayor for science, aeronautics and space activities in 2001.

paragraphs: Louis Pailhas is member of the "Académie de l'air et de l'espace".


title: New Scientist

paragraphs: New Scientist is a weekly scientific journal. It covers recent developments in science and technology for a general audience. The magazine was founded in 1956 and it is published by Reed Business Information Ltd. "New Scientist" is edited by Sumit Paul-Choudhury.


title: Hervé Renaudeau

paragraphs: Hervé Renaudeau, born at Laval, is a French aerospace engineer. From September 2009 to August 2016, he is the director-general of the "Institut Polytechnique des Sciences Avancées" (French private aerospace university).

paragraphs: Graduate from the École Centrale de Lyon (1979), he starts his career as hardware design engineer on the Mirage 2000. He has done a career in aerospace industry before joining higher education in 2002 as head of "École supérieure des techniques aéronautiques et de construction automobile" at Levallois-Perret. In September 2009, he became head of the "Institut Polytechnique des Sciences Avancées". Francis Pollet replaces him in March 2017.


title: Saint John, Barbados

paragraphs: Saint John ("St. John") is a parish of Barbados. It is on the eastern side of the island. It is home to one of the secondary schools on the island, The Lodge School. In its southeastern corner, the shoreline turns northward instead of southward, forming the small Conset Bay.

paragraphs: Ashford Bird Park is a bird and animal sanctuary.


title: Saint Joseph, Barbados

paragraphs: Saint Joseph is a parish of Barbados on the eastern side of the island. The parish is home to two of the more notable botanic gardens in the country - Flower Forest and Andromeda Gardens. Parts of St. Joseph are called the Scotland District because of the appearance of the landscape.


title: Saint Lucy, Barbados

paragraphs: Saint Lucy ("St. Lucy") is the northern-most area in the country of Barbados. Saint Lucy is the only parish of Barbados to be named after a female patron saint, Saint Lucy of Syracuse. Saint Lucy was the location of a United States Navy base at Harrison's Point. Saint Lucy is also a peninsula, surrounded on three sides by the Atlantic Ocean to the north, east and west.

paragraphs: Saint Lucy is the birthplace of Barbados's first Prime Minister, Errol Barrow. It is also the birthplace of two cricketers; Charlie Griffith and Manny Martindale.


title: Saint Michael, Barbados

paragraphs: St. Michael is one of eleven parishes of Barbados. It is in the south-west part of the island.

paragraphs: The parish is home to Bridgetown, the capital of Barbados. There is also the international seaport of Barbados—the Deep Water Harbour. Rihanna, a singer was born in St. Michael.


title: Saint Peter, Barbados

paragraphs: Saint Peter ("St. Peter") is one of eleven parishes in the Caribbean island country of Barbados. It is named after the Christian Apostle and Patron saint, Saint Peter. It is in the north of Barbados.

paragraphs: Saint Peter is a tourist hot spot. The parish is surrounded with white sand beaches, including those along Mullins Bay. The Barbados Wildlife Reserve is mostly a monkey sanctuary for the Barbados Green Monkey. St Nicholas Abbey is one of the more famous landmarks on Barbados.


title: Medal of Aeronautics

paragraphs: Medal of Aeronautics () is a civil honor of the government of France. It is awarded to those who have made outstanding contributions to the aviation industry.

paragraphs: The Medal was established in February, 1945.


title: David McMillan

paragraphs: David McMillan is a British diplomat, civil servant and administrator. He was the Director General of EUROCONTROL until 31st December 2012. Eurocontrol coordinates and plans air traffic control for all of Europe.

paragraphs: MacMillan earned a degree in French and Spanish from University of Edinburgh.

paragraphs: McMillan's Foreign Office career began in 1976. He served in Morocco and Zimbabwe. He was Transport Secretary at the British Embassy in Washington.

paragraphs: In the UK's Department for Transport (DfT), he had several roles between 1998 and 2007, including

paragraphs: McMillan was the First Vice President of the European Civil Aviation Conference between 2005 and 2007.

paragraphs: In 2008, he became the Director General of EUROCONTROL.


title: Asclepius

paragraphs: Asclepius (also spelled Aesculapius) was a demigod in Greek mythology. He was the son of Apollo. He was made god of medicine and healing.

paragraphs: Ascelpius was the god of medicines and healing and was often associated with Imhotep, the architect of the step pyramid of King Djoser.


title: Eileithyia

paragraphs: Eileithyia (; ) was the goddess of childbirth and midwifery in Greek mythology. She is the daughter of Zeus and Hera, king and queen of the gods. While she is not a prominent deity in Ancient Greek religion, Eileithyia does feature in a number of myths. Her Roman counterpart was Lucina.


title: Charites

paragraphs: The Charites (; , "Khárites"; sing. Χάρις), also known as the Graces, are three minor goddesses of charm, beauty, grace and splendor in Greek mythology. They were the daughters of Zeus and Eurynome, and served as handmaidens of Aphrodite, goddess of love and beauty. In Roman mythology they are known as the Gratiae (the “Graces”). They are often shown in sculptures and mosaics as three naked women, holding hands and dancing in a circle. Their names are Euphrosyne ("the light-hearted one"), Thalia ("the flowering one"), and Aglaia ("the shining one").


title: Civil Aviation University of China

paragraphs: Civil Aviation University of China (Simplified Chinese 中国民航大学, Traditional Chinese 中國民航大學, Pinyin "Zhōngguó Mínháng Dàxué"), also known as CAUC, is a national university in Tianjin, China. It offers education and training in civil aviation for new pilots in China.


title: Günter Blobel

paragraphs: Günter Blobel (May 21, 1936 – February 18, 2018) was a German-born American biochemist. His native city, Waltersdorf, now belongs to Poland.

paragraphs: He has received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1999 for his studies concerning protein targeting.

paragraphs: Blobel died in New York City on February 18, 2018 of prostate cancer at the age of 81.


title: Ahmed Abu Laban

paragraphs: Ahmad Abu Laban (born 1946 - 1 February 2007) was the leader of an organisation called Islamic Society of Denmark. In 2006, he complained about a series of cartoons that were printed in a Danish newspaper. He said the cartoons, which made fun of the prophet Muhammad, were offensive to Muslims. People in Syria, Lebanon.Afghanistan and Iran protested outside Danish embassies. There were riots in Afghanistan, in which 11 people were killed.

paragraphs: Ahmad was born in Palestine. He moved to Denmark with his family, and became a leading religious leader in the Danish Islamic community. He died in Copenhagen in 2007 from lung cancer.


title: Michel Tognini

paragraphs: Michel Ange-Charles Tognini (born September 30, 1949, in Vincennes, France) is a French test pilot, astronaut, educator, writer and administrator. Tognini is Head of the European Astronaut Centre (EAC) of the European Space Agency (ESA) in Cologne, Germany.


title: All the Vermeers in New York

paragraphs: All the Vermeers in New York is an American movie released in 1990. It was directed by Jon Jost.

paragraphs: Mark is a broker on Wall Street who notices a woman that resembles a painting by Dutch painter Johannes Vermeer. The woman is named Anna and she is an actress from France. The two start a romantic relationship when they meet each other for the first time. Mark suffers from a cerebral hemorrhage while calling Anna and then Anna disappears into a Vermeer painting at the end.

paragraphs: The film won the Caligari Film Award at the Berlin International Film Festival in 1991. Roger Ebert liked the film, but he thought that it ended too soon.


title: Saint Philip, Barbados

paragraphs: Saint Philip is a parish of Barbados at the southeastern end of the island.

paragraphs: St. Philip has the largest land area of the 11 parishes of Barbados. It has a mostly flat 'close to sea-level' land. It does not have a true city, rather villages and areas.

paragraphs: This parish is home to the only 'dependency' of Barbados called Culpepper Island. This tiny rock in the ocean is used as a feeding ground for sheep. It cannot be reached unless by boat or by foot at low tide.


title: Saint Thomas, Barbados

paragraphs: Saint Thomas ("St. Thomas") is in the centre of Barbados. It is one of only two landlocked parishes in the island. The other is Saint George to the south.


title: Liberty Kid

paragraphs: Liberty Kid is a 2007 low budget American movie. It is directed by Ilya Chaiken. The movie has to do with two friends that lose their jobs at the Statue of Liberty after 9/11.

paragraphs: The movie won Best Film at the New York Latino Film Festival. The movie won Critics' Pick from both "The New York Times" and "New York Magazine". The movie played at New York Latino Film Festival, the Woodstock Film Festival, and the Atlanta Film Festival. The DVD has an audio commentary by three actors, deleted scenes, behind the scenes, photo gallery, and conversations with Iraq War veterans as special features. The DVD is in 5.1 stereo sound.


title: Frank Worrell

paragraphs: Sir Frank Mortimer Maglinne Worrell (1 August 1924, Bank Hall, St Michael, Barbados – 13 March 1967, Kingston, Jamaica) was a West Indies cricketer and Jamaican senator. He is sometimes called by his nickname of Tae. He was a stylish right-handed batsman and useful left-arm seam bowler. He became famous in the 1950s as the first black captain of the West Indies cricket team. He is the only batsman to be in two 500-run partnerships in first-class cricket.

paragraphs: Since the 1960–61 series, the Frank Worrell Trophy is awarded to the winner of the Test series between Australia and West Indies.One of the two Halls of Residence at the University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus in Barbados is named after him.

paragraphs: Caribbean journalist Ernest Eytle wrote a biography of Worrell titled "Frank Worrell: The Career of a Great Cricketer" in 1963.

paragraphs: In June 1988 Worrell was celebrated on the $2 Barbadian stamp along with the Barbados Cricket Buckle.


title: West Indies cricket team

paragraphs: The West Indian cricket team, also known as the West Indies or the Windies, is a multi-national cricket team. They are a sporting group of 15 mainly English-speaking Caribbean countries, British dependencies and non-British dependencies.

paragraphs: From the mid 1970s to the early 1990s, the West Indies team was one of the strongest in the world in both Test and One Day International cricket. A number of cricketers among the best in the world have played for the West Indies. Sir Garfield Sobers, Lance Gibbs, Gordon Greenidge, George Headley, Clive Lloyd, Malcolm Marshall, Andy Roberts, Alvin Kallicharran, Rohan Kanhai, Frank Worrell, Everton Weekes, Curtly Ambrose, Michael Holding, Joel Garner and Sir Viv Richards are in the ICC Hall of Fame. World-record holder Brian Lara was a West Indies Test player.

paragraphs: The West Indies won the ICC Cricket World Cup twice, in 1975 and 1979. They won the ICC Champions Trophy in 2004. They were runners up in the Under 19 Cricket World Cup in 2004. They were semi finalists in the ICC World Twenty20 in 2009. They were the first cricket team to win the World Cup twice. West Indies are also the first team to win back to back World Cups. West Indies is the first team to appear in three consecutive World Cup finals (1975, 1979 and 1983).


title: 2007 Cricket World Cup

paragraphs: The 2007 ICC Cricket World Cup was the ninth edition of the ICC Cricket World Cup tournament. It took place in the West Indies from 13 March to 28 April 2007. It used the sport's One Day International format. There were a total of 51 matches played, three fewer than at the 2003 World Cup.

paragraphs: The 16 competing teams were first divided into four groups. The two best-performing teams from each group moved on to a "Super 8" format. From this, Australia, New Zealand, Sri Lanka and South Africa went to the semi-finals. Australia beat Sri Lanka in the final to win their third consecutive World Cup.


title: Obadele Thompson

paragraphs: Obadele Thompson (born March 30, 1976) is a sprint athlete from Barbados. In 2000, he became the first Olympic medalist from Barbados. He won a bronze medal in the 100m race.

paragraphs: His fastest legal time in the 100 m is 9.87. He ran his personal best in the 200 m at 19.97 in 2000.

paragraphs: Born in Saint Michael, Thompson attended Harrison College. He then went to the University of Texas at El Paso, United States.

paragraphs: On February 21, 2007 Thompson announced his engagement to Marion Jones, then pregnant. The marriage took place on February 24, 2007 in North Carolina. Their first child together, son Amir, was born in July 2007. A daughter, Eva-Marie, was born in June 2009.


title: Ryan Brathwaite

paragraphs: Ryan Brathwaite (born June 6, 1988) is a track and field athlete from Barbados. He won the gold medal in the 110 metres hurdles at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics in Berlin.


title: DGM Barbados Open

paragraphs: The DGM Barbados Open is a senior (over 50s) men's professional golf tournament. It is played on the Caribbean island state of Barbados. It is the opening event on the European Seniors Tour. It is the only event on the tour that takes place in the Americas. The PGA European Tour organisation is based in the United Kingdom. Barbados is a former British colony. The tournament was first played in 2000. It is hosted by the Royal Westmoreland Golf Club.


title: Hirotaka Takeuchi

paragraphs: Fewer than 30 people have climbed all 14 mountains.


title: European Seniors Tour

paragraphs: The European Seniors Tour is a professional tour for male golfers aged 50 and over. It is run by the PGA European Tour. The Tour started in 1992. The highest profile seniors event in Europe is the Senior British Open Championship.

paragraphs: The 2010 season added new events in Mauritius, Thailand, South Africa, England, the Netherlands, and France.


title: Southwest National Park

paragraphs: The Southwest National Park is a national park in the south-west of Tasmania, Australia. The park is the largest in Tasmania and is part of the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area.

paragraphs: The eastern side of the park is west of Hobart and the park stretches to the west and south coasts. This park covers most of the wilderness areas in Tasmania's south west. The park is well known for its untouched wilderness and remoteness. Weather in the park is can change quickly, and can be severe. The area has not been changed by humans. Evidence shows that Tasmanian Aborigines have visited the area for at least 25,000 years. European settlers have made a few trips into the park, but there has been very few long lasting settlements and little change to the natural environment. Within the area there is only one road, to the hydroelectricity township of Strathgordon. The southern and western parts the park can only be reached by foot, boat, or light aircraft.

paragraphs: The tiny town of Melaleuca in the extreme south-west has a runway for airplanes to land, and basic facilities for the National Parks Service.

paragraphs: Most of the park was created in 1955 and was first called Lake Pedder National Park. Over the following 35 years the park was made bigger and was renamed, reaching its present size in 1990. The original small Lake Pedder was flooded with the building of a dam on the Gordon River for hydroelectricity. The man made lake is also called Lake Pedder

paragraphs: The Melaleuca area is the summer breeding grounds of the highly endangered orange-bellied parrot .

paragraphs: There are two ways to reach the park by land: the Gordon River Road to the hydroelectricity township of Strathgordon and the Huon Highway to Cockle Creek. The southern and western areas of the park can only be reached by foot, boat, or light aircraft.

paragraphs: There are two main walking tracks cross the park. The Port Davey Track and the South Coast Track. The walks are generally for more experienced walkers, and take about ten to fourteen days to complete. A flight to or from Melaleuca may be arranged to split the walk, or for tourist access for day trips. Several more difficult walks also exist, including the Eastern and Western Arthur Ranges, Precipitous Bluff, the South West Cape, and Federation Peak. These are not suitable for inexperienced walkers, or for people traveling alone. Sea access to the park is from Port Davey and Bathurst Harbour.

paragraphs: Other National Parks and reserves in the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area are:


title: Pan Am Flight 103

paragraphs: Pan Am Flight 103 was a Pan American World Airways passenger flight that flew from London to New York City across the Atlantic Ocean. On 21 December 1988, the aeroplane flying this route was destroyed by a bomb. The explosion caused the plane to crash onto Lockerbie, Scotland. The crash killed everybody on the plane and eleven more people on the ground. The event is also known as the Lockerbie bombing.

paragraphs: The aircraft was a Boeing 747–121 named "“Clipper Maid of the Seas”". The explosion killed all 243 passengers and 16 crew members. Eleven more people in Lockerbie were killed as large parts of the plane fell in the town and crashed into houses. The total number of people killed in the disaster was 270. After many years of investigation, the attack was blamed on airline officials working for Libya's government. Abdelbaset al-Megrahi, a Libyan man, was convicted of murder over the attack, and later freed as he had terminal cancer. Megrahi died almost three years later. Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi was also said to have ordered the attack.

paragraphs: The airplane that crashed was a Boeing 747–121, registered and named "Clipper Maid of the Seas" and it was was 18 years old.

paragraphs: Flight 103 had originated at Frankfurt Airport, operated by Boeing 727. At London Heathrow Airport, the flight was the changed to a Boeing 747. The aircraft pushed back from the terminal at 18:04 and took off from runway 27R at 18:25, and took off to John F. Kennedy International Airport, and then to Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport.

paragraphs: At 19:02:44 Flight 103 disappeared from air traffic control, then at 19:02:50 then plane returned as five echos instead of one. A British Airways pilot, reported that he could see a huge fire on the ground. The explosion punched a 50-cm (20-inch) hole on the left side of the fuselage. As it descended, the fuselage broke up into smaller pieces, with the section attached to the wings landing first. 200,000 lb (91,000 kg) of jet fuel it contained, ignited, the resulting fireball destroyed several houses and tore a large crater through the center of Lockerbie killing 11 people on the ground.

paragraphs: All 259 passengers and crew and eleven people on the ground died in the crash. Of the 259 people on the plane 190 people were Americans, 43 were British, and many more were represented, with four or fewer passengers per country. Flight 103 was manned by Captain Jim MacQuarrie (55), First Officer Ray Wagner (52), and Flight Engineer Jerry Don Avritt (46). The cabin crew were from Czechoslovakia, the Dominican Republic, France, Norway, the Philippines, Spain, Sweden, West Germany, and the United States.

paragraphs: Members of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution had destroyed the plane in retaliation for Iran Air Flight 655 being shot down by U.S. forces in the Persian Gulf the previous July.

paragraphs: Muammar Gaddafi admitted Libya's responsibility for the Lockerbie bombing and paid compensation to the victims' families in 2003, though he maintained that he never personally gave the order for the attack.


title: Payphone (song)

paragraphs: "Payphone" is a song performed by American pop rock band Maroon 5 released on April 17, 2012 under A&M/Octone Records in the United States. It serves as the lead single on the band's fourth studio album "Overexposed", set to be released on June 26, 2012. The song was written by producer Benny Blanco, bandmates Adam Levine, James Valentine, and featured vocalist Wiz Khalifa. The song was recorded in southern Hollywood, Los Angeles, California.

paragraphs: The cover artwork or the track was leaked to the web over a newsletter on April 11, 2012 and featured similar varieties of colorful aspects from the band's upcoming fourth album's cover, which leaked a day prior on E! News.

paragraphs: The song debuted at number-three on the Billboard Hot 100 singles' chart and later peaked at number-two. It also topped the Billboard Digital Songs chart in late April.

paragraphs: A music video for the song has not been officially announced yet. However, featured rapper Wiz Khalifa said in a press conference that he would like the music video to be in a sutle setting where no people may be to relate to the lyrics of the song.


title: Wren

paragraphs: The wrens are passerine birds in the mainly New World family Troglodytidae. There are about 80 species in about 20 genera. The Wren is also the shortest bird in Britain.

paragraphs: Originally, the word 'wren' was (and still is) used for the species found in Europe, western Asia and North Africa. The word came into English after a long history in the Germanic languages. The bird's scientific name is "Troglodytes troglodytes". When European biologists got to the Americas, they soon realised that the family of wrens has many species, and is mainly an American family of birds.

paragraphs: Most wrens are about 10 centimetres (4 inches) long, brown (both sexes), and has a short bill that curves slightly down. Its wings are round and it has a short tail.

paragraphs: Its song is a gushing burst of sweet music, loud and emphatic. It has an enormous voice for its size, ten times louder, weight for weight, than a cockerel. Its song may sometimes be confused for the dunnock, which has warble that is shorter and weaker. The wren's song also has trill sounds, which the dunnock does not. The male has a long and complex song, with a series of tinkling trills one after the other for seconds on end.

paragraphs: When this bird is annoyed or excited, its call runs into an emphatic "churr", like clockwork running down.


title: Vireo

paragraphs: The vireos () are a group of passerine birds that are mostly in the part of the New World. Their feathers are dull-colored and greenish, the smaller species slightly resembling wood warblers. New evidence from DNA places vireos as relatives of crows. Vireos are mostly shy.


title: Shrike

paragraphs: Shrikes are passerine birds of the family Laniidae. The family has 31 species in three genera. The family name, "Lanius", is derived from the Latin word for "butcher". Some shrikes were also known as "butcher birds" because of their feeding habits. This is because shrike sometimes sticks its prey on a thorn, as on a meat hook. This makes it easier for them to feed on it.

paragraphs: Most shrike species live in Eurasia and Africa, with just two breeding in North America. There are no members of this family in South America or Australia, although one species reaches New Guinea.

paragraphs: The shrikes vary in the size of their ranges. Some species like the Great Grey Shrike range across the northern hemisphere, whereas Newton's Fiscal is restricted to the island of São Tomé.


title: Photoflash capacitor

paragraphs: A photo flash capacitor is a capacitor used in the flashes of cameras.

paragraphs: A camera flash works by applying short bursts of high voltage to a type of gas in a glass tube. The electrical energy required is small, but it has to be given very fast because since the flash doesn't last long. An ordinary battery cannot give such a high voltage or give it so fast, so a photo flash capacitor is used. An electronic circuit increases the battery voltage, and charges a capacitor. When the button is pressed, the capacitor releases the stored energy in about a thousandth of a second and makes a bright flash.


title: Information leakage

paragraphs: With the development of the internet, the issue of information leakage has been more and more serious. The definition of an information leakage is that secret information is stolen by others through hacker’s attack, copying, sending, printing or screen shooting.

paragraphs: Most individual information leakages are caused by hackers. This can be prevented by through antivirus software. Most corporate information leakages are caused by people in the company. Preventing corporate information leakage is more difficult. In 2003, the FBI and the CSI did research, the result shows that only 30 percent of information leakage accidents are caused by people outside the organization. That is because people inside are familiar with the regulation and more likely to find the information. Encrypting the information is an important way to stop corporate information leakages.


title: Sistema Brasileiro de Televisão

paragraphs: Sistema Brasileiro de Televisão, or simply SBT is a Brazilian television network launched by Silvio Santos on 1981.


title: Doug Savant

paragraphs: Jeremy Renner (born June 21, 1964) is an American actor. He is known for his role in the television "Desperate Housewives".


title: Lynda Carter

paragraphs: Lynda Jean Carter (born July 24, 1951) is an American actress and singer. She is best known for being Miss USA (1973) and as the star of the 1970s television series "Wonder Woman" (1975–77) and "The New Adventures of Wonder Woman" (1977–79).


title: Australia national cricket team

paragraphs: The Australian cricket team is the national cricket team of Australia. It is the joint oldest team in Test cricket. They were in the first Test match in 1877. The team also plays One Day International cricket and Twenty20 International. They were in the first ODI, against England in the 1970–71 season. They were in the first Twenty20 International, against New Zealand in the 2004–05 season. They won both games.

paragraphs: The Australian team has played 744 Test matches, winning 350, losing 194, drawing 198 and tying two. Australia is ranked the number-one team overall in Test cricket in terms of overall wins, win-loss ratio and wins percentage. Australia is ranked fourth in the ICC Test Championship behind England, South Africa and India. They led the Test rankings for a record time of 74 months from 2003 to 2009.

paragraphs: Australia has played 797 ODI matches, winning 490, losing 272, tying nine and with 26 ending in no-result. They have led the ICC ODI Championship since it started for all but 48 days in 2007. Australia made a record six World Cup final appearances (1975, 1987, 1996, 1999, 2003 and 2007). They have won the World Cup a record four times in total; 1987 Cricket World Cup, 1999 Cricket World Cup, 2003 Cricket World Cup and 2007 Cricket World Cup. Australia is the first team to be in 4 consecutive World Cup finals (1996, 1999, 2003 and 2007).

paragraphs: The team was undefeated in 34 consecutive World Cup matches until 19 March at the 2011 Cricket World Cup. There Pakistan beat them by 4 wickets. Australia won the ICC Champions Trophy twice – in 2006 and in 2009 – making them the first and the only team to become back to back winners in the Champions Trophy tournaments. The team has also played 39 Twenty20 Internationals.


title: Twenty20 International

paragraphs: A Twenty20 International (T20I) is a form of cricket which is played over 20 overs per side between two national cricket teams. The game is played under the rules of Twenty20 cricket. The first Twenty20 International took place on 17 February 2005. Australia defeated New Zealand by 44 runs at Eden Park in Auckland. The International Cricket Council gave rankings for the shortest format of the game on October 24, 2011 with England at top.

paragraphs: The nations are listed below with the date of each nation's Twenty20 International debut shown in brackets.


title: Reynaldo Hahn

paragraphs: Reynaldo Hahn (August 9, 1874 – January 28, 1947) was a French composer, conductor, music critic and diarist (he wrote a diary). He was famous for his songs. He wrote the music (which was considered "insipid") for the ballet "Le Dieu bleu". The ballet was a failure and the music was blamed.


title: Gaussian elimination

paragraphs: In mathematics, Gaussian elimination (also called row reduction) is a method used to solve systems of linear equations. It is named after Carl Friedrich Gauss, a famous German mathematician who wrote about this method, but did not invent it.

paragraphs: To perform Gaussian elimination, the coefficients of the terms in the system of linear equations are used to create a type of matrix called an augmented matrix. Then, elementary row operations are used to simplify the matrix. The three types of row operations used are:

paragraphs: The goal of Gaussian elimination is to get the matrix in "row-echelon form". If a matrix is in row-echelon form, that means that reading from left to right, each row will start with at least one more zero term than the row above it. Some definitions of Gaussian elimination say that the matrix result has to be in "reduced row-echelon form". That means that the matrix is in row-echelon form and the only non-zero term in each row is 1. Gaussian elimination that creates a reduced row-echelon matrix result is sometimes called Gauss-Jordan elimination.

paragraphs: Suppose the goal is to find the answers to this system of linear equations.

paragraphs: First, the system needs to be turned into an augmented matrix. In an augmented matrix, each linear equation becomes a row. On one side of the augmented matrix, the coefficients of each term in the linear equation become numbers in the matrix. On the other side of the augmented matrix are the constant terms each linear equation is equal to. For this system, the augmented matrix is:

paragraphs: Then, row operations can be done on the augmented matrix to simplify it. The table below shows the row reduction process on the system of equations and on the augmented matrix.

paragraphs: The matrix is now in row-echelon form. This is also called "triangular form".

paragraphs: The matrix is now in reduced row-echelon form. Reading this matrix tells us that the solutions for this system of equations occur when x = 2, y = 3, and z = -1.