title: CouchSurfing

paragraphs: CouchSurfing International Inc. is a company based in San Francisco that provides hospitality social networking. Travellers using the service stay at a host's house, where they sleep on a couch (sofa) or a mattress on the floor. The service is intended to be free of charge; the host does not ask for money from the guest. CouchSurfing is intended to be a cultural exchange program, where the host shows the visitor around their town or local place, and the guest delivers his or her own country's culture.

paragraphs: People using the service must register an account on the CouchSurfing website. They make a full public profile, which shows other users who they are, their interests, what languages they speak, and other information. If they want to host other travellers, users also state the location of their house, and describe their living arrangements, the type of couch they have, and what they can provide for the guests.

paragraphs: Travellers can look for hosts by location, and hosts can find travellers whom have stated their plans to travel to their area. Hosts also list references (recommendations from previous guests), which helps travellers in deciding whether or not a host is reliable. When a traveller applies to stay at a host's place, the host then reviews the traveller's profile and either accepts or rejects the application. If the host says yes, the two users exchange phone numbers and contact each other prior to the meeting.


title: Independence Square (Ukraine)

paragraphs: Independence Square or Maidan Nezalezhnosti is the national public square of Ukraine. The square is located in Kiev, the capital of Ukraine. Most of the buildings in the square were ruined in World War II. Today the square is a centre of public performances and political activity. The Kilometer Zero of Ukraine is located in the square.


title: Solvent extraction

paragraphs: Solvent extraction, also known as Liquid–liquid extraction or partitioning, is a method to separate a compound based on the solubility of its parts. This is done using two liquids that don't mix, for example water and an organic solvent.

paragraphs: Solvent extraction is used in the processing of perfumes, vegetable oil, or biodiesel. It is also used to recover plutonium from irradiated nuclear fuel, a process which is usually called nuclear reprocessing. The recovered plutonium can then be re-used as nuclear fuel.

paragraphs: In this process one of the components of a mixture dissolves in a particular liquid and the other component is separated as a residue by filtration.

paragraphs: Around this time many European countries and United States of America had established huge solvent extraction plants for recovering directly almost all the available oil in the oilseeds like Cottonseed and Soybean.


title: College Scholastic Ability Test

paragraphs: College Scholastic Ability Test, known as Su-Neung, is a national standardized university entrance test in South Korea. The test is held on second Thursday of November of every year. The Korea Institute for Curriculum and Evaluation (KICE) conducts and supervises the test. A person who wants to go to university must take the test. Its result is accepted by most of universities in Korea. It is a typical criterion to judge whether the person is allowed to go to a university.

paragraphs: The test has five sections - Korean language, Math, English language, Social Studies/Sciences/Vocational Education and Foreign language/Chinese Character. The applicants can choose the number of the domain which they would take, after considering of applicant's ability, aptitude, demand of the university which they apply to.

paragraphs: The Korean and English section are common to all applicants. However, if the applicant decides to take Math, Society/Science/Vocation test and Foreign language/Chinese Character, he or she must choose the subtype of the test.

paragraphs: For Math section, there are two subtypes to choose - "A" or "B". The type "A" consists of two parts - Math 1, Basic Calculus and Statistics. Type "B" consists of four parts - Math 1, Math 2, Geometry and Vector, Integral calculus and Statistics.

paragraphs: For Social Studies/Sciences/Vocational Education section, applicants have to choose one category from the three and each has several subtypes.

paragraphs: Finally, the applicants who take the Foreign language/Chinese Character test have to decide one subject out of nine (German I, French I, Spanish I, Chinese I, Japanese I, Russian I, Arabic I, Basic Vietnamese, Chinese Characters and Classics).

paragraphs: The first test, Korean, starts at 8:40 A.M. The last test, Foreign language/Chinese Character test, ends at 5:00 P.M.. For disabled people, there is some extra time. Blind people are given 1.5 time prolonged time than normal applicants in every section, weak-eyed applicants and applicants who suffer from cerebral palsy are given 20 extra minutes in every sections.


title: Juho Kusti Paasikivi

paragraphs: Juho Kusti Paasikivi (27 November 1870–14 December 1956 Helsinki). He was the seventh president of Finland, from 1946 to 1956. He was first person to have his picture printed on Finnish money. First wife was Anna Matilda Forsman (1897–1931).

paragraphs: Paasikivi studied history and law in Imperial Alexander University in Helsinki. He was especially interested in history of Russia. He became a doctor in law in 1901, and associate professor in 1902. In 1913 he became director of KOP bank.

paragraphs: Paasikivi was elected in parliament in 1907, and second time 1910. This was time when Finland was still part of Russian empire. At the time when Finland became independent, Paasikivi was among those who supported monarchy.

paragraphs: During the second world war Paasikivi was negotiating with Soviet Union. In 1946, when President Mannerheim resigned, parliament selected Paasikivi as his successor. In 1950 he won an election wand was selected for second term. In 1956 he was not an official candidate, but he got some votes as "Black horse".

paragraphs: The foreign policy doctrine established by Paasikivi and continued by his successor Urho Kekkonen, The "Paasikivi-Kekkonen line", aimed at Finland's survival as an independent sovereign, democratic, and capitalist country in the immediate proximity of the Soviet Union.


title: Fiscal policy

paragraphs: When a state uses taxes and government spending to influence the economy, this is known as fiscal policy in economics and political science. Idea from John Maynard Keynes. The state can influence the following parameters:

paragraphs: There are two basic kinds of taxes: those on revenue, and those on economic activity, usually called excise taxes. Lowering the excise taxation will lead to increased economic activity, for example. Changes in welfare also have an impact on economic activity.

paragraphs: In general, fiscal policy is cyclic: Effects which result from changes in fiscal policy need some time until they can be observed.

paragraphs: Certain schools of thought think that fiscal policy should not be used to influence the economy. This is the case for Monetarism, which demands that keeping money at its value is the most important goal.


title: Intensity of preference

paragraphs: Intensity of preference, also known as intensity preference, is a term used to identify and describe what happens in a process which leads to consensus agreement or consensus ranking. The phrase recognizes that decisions and decision-making involve intensity of feeling about a choice and the choice preference itself.

paragraphs: The concept of preference intensity has been criticized over the past sixty years because of the problems in measuring it. The term is used in economics, politics, marketing and other areas.

paragraphs: Ranking and consensus have been the subject of research for 200+ years.

paragraphs: In the 20th century, the term intensity of preference was coined by the work of the economist Kenneth Arrow, who was a recipient of the 1972 Nobel Prize in Economics.

paragraphs: Intensity of preference is a factor in an analysis of how individual choices develop into social choices. Standard election procedures notoriously ignore differences in intensity of preferences.

paragraphs: For example, the intensity of preference is a one of many factors which are important in voting. The term is a measure of an individual voter's (or group of voters') willingness to do something. Intensity of preference focuses on the inconveniences involved in the act of officially registering a choice at a specific time and place, not the vote itself. For example, the lines for voting in South Africa's 1994 election were very long. The "intensity of preference" and the inconvenience of voting were factors in the election of Nelson Mandela.


title: Bedchamber crisis

paragraphs: Bedchamber crisis is the name given to a number of events that happened in 1839, when the Whigs lost the election, and only had a minority rule. As a consequence of the defeat, Lord Melburne stepped down, and Robert Peel was given the task to form a new government. The Bedchamber crisis relates to the behaviour of Queen Victoria, who was twenty years old, at the time. The queen had a close relationship with the prime minister, and also listened to him, when it came to choosing Ladies-in-waiting. As a result, most ladies in waiting were the wives or relatives of leading Whig politicians. Peel who was in the Tories asked the queen to re-elect the ladies, so that their allegiance to parties would be more neutral. This would have meant that some of the ladies would have to be replaced. Victoria saw the ladies as friends, and therefore refused. In addition, the queen had little sympathy for Peel. Given the circumstances, Peel refused the task to form a new government. Lord Ashley, who was to become Lord Shaftsbury was offered the post of prime minister, but he also refused. As a result, the Whigs and Lord Melbourne stayed in power. The refusal of the queen to replace some of the ladies in waiting was met with criticism.


title: Lauri Kristian Relander

paragraphs: Lauri Kristian Relander (May 1883 - February 1942) was the second president of Finland, from 1925 to 1931. He travelled to other countries a lot compared to other presidents. Relander's education was Doctor of Philosophy and agronomist.

paragraphs: Relander was born in Kurkijoki. His wife was Signe Östermanin (1886–1962). They had two children. He died in Helsinki.


title: Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg

paragraphs: Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg (28 January 1865 – 22 September 1952) was Finland's first president, from 1919 to 1925. He was born in Suomussalmi and was third from five children in the family. His first wife was Hedvig Wåhlberg. In 1920 he married Ester Elfving.

paragraphs: President Juho Kusti Paasikivi gave great value to Ståhlberg. He said: "Ståhlberg was a man who never made mistakes".


title: Vicki Escarra

paragraphs: Vicki Escarra is an American director of welfare organizations. She was the CEO of Feeding America and is leading Opportunity International since 2012.

paragraphs: Escarra was born around 1955 in Decatur in Georgia. She obtained a bachelor degree in psychology at Georgia State University. Furthermore, she completed the "Executive Management Program" at Columbia University and the "Executive Leadership Program" at Harvard University.

paragraphs: Since 1973 she worked for Delta Air Lines. Here her career rose, and finally she became the director of the customer service. At that moment she directed over 52,000 employees. In 2002 she was honored with the YWCA Women of Achievement Award.

paragraphs: Since 2003 she was a member of the board of the banking firm A. G. Edwards, and also of several other boards like for the Association of Professional Women and the Committee of 200. From 2004 to 2006 she worked as a chairman of the Atlanta Convention & Visitors Bureau.

paragraphs: From 2006 to 2012 she was director of Feeding America, an organization behind two hundred food banks in the United States and Puerto Rico with programs like soup kitchens and shelters. The organization feeds tens of millions of Americans that do not have enough food to buy themselves. For her work for Feeding America she was honored in 2009 with a Four Freedoms Award in the category "Freedom from want".

paragraphs: Since 2012 Escarra leads Opportunity International, an international organization that works in the field of micro finance, insurance and training of small companies in twenty countries in the Third World.


title: Wingate Institute

paragraphs: The Wingate Institute () is a sports training academy in Israel. It was established in 1957. The institute is named after Orde Wingate, who was a British general in the Mandate of Palestine. The Wingate Campus includes schools and local organizations of sport. The Wingate Institute is located in Netanya and has a supplementary compound in Tel Aviv, the National Sport Center, that includes many headquarters of Israeli sport organizations.


title: Finnish markka

paragraphs: The Finnish markka, also known as the Suomen markka, or simply markka, was the currency in Finland before Finland started to use Euro. Markka's abbreviation was mk and internationally FIM. There were 100 pennies, "(penni, p)", to each markka. There were also coupons.


title: National Sport Center – Tel Aviv

paragraphs: The National Sport Center is a complex of sports venues and sport administration buildings in Tel Aviv, Israel. It includes the Olympic Committee of Israel building. The center is located in the Western edge of the Yarkon Park near to the Ramat Gan Stadium. It is a supplementary compound to the Wingate Institute in Netanya.

paragraphs: The National Sport Center was established in 1978 when a several tennis courts were built close to Yarkon Park. In 1980, the building of the Olympic Committee of Israel and the national athletics stadium were built nearby.


title: Närpes

paragraphs: Närpes () is a town in western Finland. There were 9,399 people living there on 31 August 2012. It is next to the municipalities of Kaskinen, Korsnäs, Kristinestad, Kurikka, Malax and Teuva. About 85% of the people speak Swedish.


title: Lappeenranta

paragraphs: Lappeenranta is a town in eastern Finland. There were 72,289 people living there on 31 August 2012. It is next to the municipalities of Imatra, Lemi, Luumäki, Miehikkälä, Ruokolahti and Taipalsaari.

paragraphs: Hanhijärvi (Lappeenranta), Hiivaniemi, Kansola, Konnunsuo, Kontu (Lappeenranta), Korvenkylä, Louko, Moisio(Lappeenranta), Raippo, Ruokola (Lappeenranta), Simola (Lappeenranta), Sirkjärvi, Vainikkala, Vilkjärvi.


title: Shinyei Nakamine

paragraphs: Shinyei Nakamine (January 21, 1920-June 2, 1944) was a United States Army soldier. He received the Medal of Honor because of his actions in World War II.

paragraphs: Nakamine was born in Hawaii to Japanese immigrant parents. He is a "Nisei", which means that he is a second generation Japanese-American.

paragraphs: One month before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Nakamine joined the US Army in November 1941.

paragraphs: Nakamine volunteered to be part of the all-"Nisei" 100th Infantry Battalion. This army unit was mostly made up of Japanese Americans from Hawaii and the mainland.

paragraphs: For his actions in June 1944, Nakamine was awarded the Army's second-highest decoration, the Distinguished Service Cross (DSC). In the 1990s, there was a review of service records of Asian Americans who received the DSC during World War II. Nakamine's award was upgraded to the Medal of Honor. In a ceremony at the White House on June 21, 2000, his family was presented with his medal by President Bill Clinton. Twenty-one other Asian Americans also received the medal during the ceremony, but only seven of them were still alive.

paragraphs: Nakamine's Medal of Honor recognized his conduct in fighting in central Italy in 1944. Without help from others, he destroyed a machine gun nest and led attacks on two other machine gun nests.

paragraphs: The words of Nakamine's citation explain:

paragraphs: Private Shinyei Nakamine distinguished himself by extraordinary heroism in action on 2 June 1944, near La Torreto, Italy. During an attack, Private Nakamine’s platoon became pinned down by intense machine gun crossfire from a small knoll 200 yards to the front. On his own initiative, Private Nakamine crawled toward one of the hostile weapons. Reaching a point 25 yards from the enemy, he charged the machine gun nest, firing his submachine gun, and killed three enemy soldiers and captured two. Later that afternoon, Private Nakamine discovered an enemy soldier on the right flank of his platoon’s position. Crawling 25 yards from his position, Private Nakamine opened fire and killed the soldier. Then, seeing a machine gun nest to his front approximately 75 yards away, he returned to his platoon and led an automatic rifle team toward the enemy. Under covering fire from his team, Private Nakamine crawled to a point 25 yards from the nest and threw hand grenades at the enemy soldiers, wounding one and capturing four. Spotting another machine gun nest 100 yards to his right flank, he led the automatic rifle team toward the hostile position but was killed by a burst of machine gun fire. Private Nakamine’s extraordinary heroism and devotion to duty are in keeping with the highest traditions of military service and reflect great credit on him, his unit, and the United States Army.


title: National Building Museum

paragraphs: The National Building Museum is a museum in Washington D.C. dedicated to architecture, landscaping, urban design, urban planning, industrial design, and the history of buildings in the United States. The museum host exhibitions of architectural styles and organizes tours for visitors and activities for children and families. The museum was established in 1969 by architect Beverly Willis and moved to an old building that was the Interior of the Pension Office in 1980.


title: Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge

paragraphs: Gonville and Caius College is one of the colleges of the University of Cambridge, England. It is often called Caius (said "keys") by the students. It was created in 1348 by Edmund Gonville who gave money to build it. In 1557 John Caius, a doctor, left some more money after studying at the college. The modern name comes from these two people. It now has about 700 students.

paragraphs: Being old, the college has kept many traditions. For example, there is a formal dinner every night. Also, when students go home for holiday they need to get an official permission from a Fellow (teacher) to leave.

paragraphs: Some very famous people have studied at this College. Twelve of them have won a Nobel Prize:

paragraphs: Stephen Hawking is also a Fellow at Gonville and Caius.


title: Imatra

paragraphs: Imatra is a town in southeast Finland. There were 28,363 people living there on 31 August 2012. It is next to the municipalities of Lappeenranta and Ruokolahti.


title: Iisalmi

paragraphs: Iisalmi is a town in southeast Finland. There were 22,153 people living there on 31 August 2012. It is next to the municipalities of Kiuruvesi, Lapinlahti, Maaninka, Pielavesi, Sonkajärvi and Vieremä.


title: Homerton College, Cambridge

paragraphs: Homerton College is one of the colleges of the University of Cambridge, England. Its name comes from the area of Homerton in London. It was first formed there in 1850 from a group of students who wanted to change the way pedagogy (how people teach) was studied. They moved to Cambridge in 1894, but the college only became part of the University in 1976. Only in 2010 it was given the full status.

paragraphs: Homerton College is the biggest in Cambridge: it has 1200 students. Many of them study Education because the department is there. The college is not in the city centre of Cambridge but on Hills Road.


title: Hughes Hall, Cambridge

paragraphs: Hughes Hall is one of the colleges of the University of Cambridge, England. It only takes students who are more than 21 years old ("mature" students). They can be undergraduates or postgraduates. It opened in 1885 and was only for women at the start. The first men came in 1973. It takes its name from the first "Principal" (head of the college), Elizabeth Phillips Hughes.

paragraphs: Today, Hughes Hall has about 400 students. It has the tradition of trying to mix students and Fellows (teachers) at social events, such as dinners where there is no separate table for Fellows.


title: Charlottetown

paragraphs: Charlottetown is the capital and the largest city of the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island.

paragraphs: The population of Charlottetown was 34,562 in 2011. The mayor of Charlottetown is Clifford J. Lee.

paragraphs: The French were the first European settlers in the area and they founded a settlement in 1720 named Port La Joye. British forces built Fort Amherst near the site of the abandoned Port La Joye settlement after they took control of the settlement and the rest of the island during the height of the French and Indian War. The town is named after Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, queen consort of the United Kingdom.


title: Pepsi Music 2004: Britney Exclusive

paragraphs: Pepsi Music 2004: Britney Exclusive (also known as: "Pepsi Music 2004" or "Pepsi: Dare for More Music 2004") is an EP . The CD included a special version of "We Will Rock You", which has been used in Pepsi TV advert. This version was performed by Britney Spears, P!nk and Beyoncé. Enrique Iglesias played a part an evil emperor.


title: Summerside, Prince Edward Island

paragraphs: Summerside is a city in the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island.

paragraphs: The population of Summerside was 14,751 in 2011. The mayor of Summerside is Basil Stewart.

paragraphs: Summerside was incorporated as a town on April 1, 1877, and as a city on April 1, 1995. The largest employer in the city is the Canada Revenue Agency. The city was home to CFB Summerside, an air force base located in the city, but that has since closed. The city is the only municipality in North America that owns its own electric utility and provides its residents with 46% of their energy consumption through green wind energy. The city is home to the Summerside Storm which play in the National Basketball League of Canada. The former post office that is located on Summer Street is a National Historic Site of Canada.


title: Peter Travers

paragraphs: Peter Travers is an American movie critic. He works for "Rolling Stone" and "People". He is known for listing movies or directors in the "Top Ten List" which includes Martin Scorsese, David Lynch, Paul Thomas Anderson, Clint Eastwood, Christopher Nolan, Joel and Ethan Coen, and Ang Lee.


title: A. O. Scott

paragraphs: Anthony Oliver Scott (born July 10, 1966) is an American journalist and movie critic. He is the manager for all movie critics for "The New York Times". His great-uncle is American actor Eli Wallach.

paragraphs: Scott was born on July 10, 1966 in Northampton, Massachusetts. He is Jewish. Scott studied at the Classical High School, at Johns Hopkins University, and at Harvard University. He is married. They have two children. He now lives in Brooklyn, New York.


title: Pehr Evind Svinhufvud

paragraphs: Pehr Evind Svinhufvud, usually known as P. E. Svinhufvud, (1861 - 1944) was Finland's third president. He married Ellen Timgren and they had six children. His nickname was Ukko-Pekka. That's why name Pekka became more popular.


title: Karachi South District

paragraphs: Karachi South District () is in the Karachi Division of the Sindh province of Pakistan.


title: 11th century BC

paragraphs: The 11th century BC started the first day of 1100 BC and ended the last day of 1001 BC. The events below may have happened in this century.


title: 2nd millennium BC

paragraphs: The 2nd millennium BC is the time between the Middle and the late Bronze Age.

paragraphs: The first half of the millennium saw a lot of activity by the Middle Kingdom of Egypt and Babylonia. The alphabet develops. Indo-Iranian migration onto the Iranian plateau and onto the Indian subcontinent saw the creation and use of the chariot. Chariot warfare and population movements lead to violent changes at the center of the millennium. New order emerges with Greek control of the Aegean and the rise of the Hittite Empire. The end of the millennium sees the start of the Iron Age. World population begins to rise steadily. By 1000 BC the population of the world reached nearly 50 million.


title: 3rd millennium BC

paragraphs: The 3rd millennium BC spans the Early to Middle Bronze Age.

paragraphs: This was a period of time in which the desire to conquer was common. Expansion occurred throughout the Middle East and throughout Eurasia, with Indo-European expansion to Anatolia, Europe and Central Asia. The civilization of Ancient Egypt rose to a peak with the Old Kingdom. World population is estimated to have doubled in the course of the millennium to 30 million people.


title: Scottish highland dance

paragraphs: Highland dancing is a traditional dance which comes from Scotland. Highland dancers need a lot of stamina and strength as they need a good sense of aesthetics. They execute the traditional dance in solo to the sound of the great highland bagpipe. The highland dances are very precise and need a lot of coordination. There are many competitions for highland dancing organized around the world, mainly in Scotland, United States, Canada and Australia.

paragraphs: If a dancer does all these three elements perfectly, they have a great advantage over the others.

paragraphs: Here are the main traditional highland dances:

paragraphs: Woman wear a kilt, a kilt jacket (with or without sleeves), a blouse, ghilies and kilt socks. Men wear a kilt with a sporran, a white shirt with a thin tie, a dark jacket, green or black hose and ghilies shoes. These are only for certain dances (fling, sean triubhas, barracks johnnies, tulloch/half tulloch and highland laddie) There is seperate costumes for other dances, for the flora, scotch measure, lilt and a few others the outfit is called and aboyne. The hornpipe and jig have separate outfits too.


title: Paulina Porizkova

paragraphs: Paulina Porizkova (born 9 April 1965 in the Czech Republic) is a Czech-American model and actress. At age eighteen, became the first female from Central Europe to be shown on the cover of the "Sports Illustrated" swimsuit issue. She was the second female (following Christie Brinkley) to be shown on the cover of the "Sports Illustrated" multiple times. She has acted in movies and in television shows, including "Desperate Housewives".


title: Rich Girl

paragraphs: "Rich Girl" is a song by American singer and songwriter Gwen Stefani from her debut solo studio album, "Love. Angel. Music. Baby." (2004). Produced by Dr. Dre, the track features American rapper Eve. It is the second time that both Stefani and Eve had done a song together, "Rich Girl" also samples both "Rich Girl" reggae girl group Louchie Lou & Michie One and "If I Were a Rich Man" a song from Fiddler on the Roof.

paragraphs: Credits adapted from the liner notes of "Love. Angel. Music. Baby."


title: The Jerry Springer Show

paragraphs: The Jerry Springer Show is an Americans tabloid talk show. It is hosted by Jerry Springer It is broadcasted around the world. It is taped in Stamford, Connecticut. The show focuses on family dysfunction, secrecy and infidelity. It began September 30, 1991. It has been controversial for certain subjects.


title: Merostomata

paragraphs: Merostomata is a name given to the now extinct sea scorpions (Eurypterida) and the horseshoe crabs (Xiphosura). There are four known species of horsehoe crabs still alive. James Dwight Dana introduced the name to refer to the horseshoe crabs only. Henry Woodward later extended it to refer to both taxa.


title: Jack (tool)

paragraphs: A jack is a tool that is used to lift part of a car off the ground. It is used when changing a wheel or tyre.


title: Pielinen

paragraphs: Pielinen is the fourth biggest lake in Finland.

paragraphs: Eteissaari, Hattusaari, Honkasaari (Juuka), Honkasaari (Nurmes), Iso Ristisaari, Kaitasaari, Karhusaari, Kaunissaari, Kertonsaari, Kelvänsaari, Kinahmonsaaret, Kolmassaari, Korppisaari, Koveronsaari, Kuivasaari, Kulkulsaari, Kuusisaari, Kynsisaari, Larinsaari, Laukkalansaari, Lehtosaari, Liklamo, Lokkisaari, Lörsänsaari, Läpsy, Mantina, Mustasaari, Palosaari, Paalasmaa, Patvisaaret, Pieni Ristisaari, Porosaari, Pyysaari, Pääsaari, Rekisaari, Retusaari, Romonsaaret, Rääkky, Satjanko, Sipolansaari, Toinensaari, Turakka, Uramonsaari, Varpo.


title: Karachi East District

paragraphs: Karachi East District () is in the Karachi Division of Sindh province of Pakistan.


title: Lake Inari

paragraphs: Lake Inari ( or "Inari") is the third largest lake in Finland's Lapland. It covers . The deepest point is . There are over 3,000 islands in the lake. The biggest islands are Kaamassaari, Mahlatti, Viimassaari and Roiro.

paragraphs: Inari's is located to north from Arctic Circle, still, water is not very cold.


title: Oulujärvi

paragraphs: Oulujärvi ("Kainuun meri") is the fifth biggest lake in Finland. Its biggest island is Manamansalo. Other islands are Hevossaari, Iso-Kaattari, Honkinen, Kaarresalo, Karhusaari, Koljolansaari, Kuostonsaari, Käkisaari (toiseksi suurin), Manamansalo, Mulkkusaaret, Reimiluoto, Tevä, Toukka, Uupunut, and Ykspisto ja Ärjä.


title: Kemijoki

paragraphs: Kemijoki is the longest river in Finland. It is long. It flows to the Gulf of Bothnia.


title: Kymijoki

paragraphs: Kymijoki is a river in Finland. It is long. It flows through the regions Päijänne Tavastia, Kymenlaakso and Uusimaa.

paragraphs: There are many hydroelectric power plants on the river. In the past, the river was an important way to transport wood.

paragraphs: The river starts from Päijänne and it flows to the Gulf of Finland.


title: Siikajoki (river)

paragraphs: Siikajoki (river) is a river in Finland. It is long. It flows to Bothnian Bay.


title: Päijänne

paragraphs: Päijänne is the second largest lake in Finland. It is between the regions of Central Finland and Päijänne Tavastia. It covers . Päijänne flows into the Gulf of Finland through the river Kymijoki.

paragraphs: The quality of the water is good. It improves south of Jämsä.

paragraphs: Päijänne is next to the municipalities of Kuhmoinen, Jämsä, Joutsa, Luhanka, Muurame, Toivakka and Jyväskylä in Central Finland, and Padasjoki, Asikkala and Sysmä in Päijänne Tavastia.

paragraphs: Some of the largest islands are Virmailansaari, Salonsaari, Judinsalo, Onkisalo, Paatsalo, Muuratsalo, Haukkasalo and Vuoritsalo.

paragraphs: In the southern part of Päijänne is Päijänne National Park. This was established in 1993. The park covers about 50 islands. The park is next to the municipalities of Padasjoki, Asikkala and Sysmä. It covers Kelvenne island, which is 8 km long and 50-800 meters wide. The bays in the national park are popular places for boating.


title: Näsijärvi

paragraphs: Näsijärvi is a lake in Finland. It covers . The deepest point is . Near Näsijärvi are Tampere, Ylöjärvi and Kuru.


title: Höytiäinen

paragraphs: Höytiäinen is a lake in Finland. It covers an area of . Its deepest point is . The biggest island is Teerisaari. In 1950, there were 118 people living at the lake. Near Näsijärvi are Juuka, Kontiolahti and Polvijärvi.


title: Kallavesi

paragraphs: Kallavesi is a lake in Finland. It covers . The average depth is . The deepest point is . Kallavesi is close to the city of Kuopio.


title: Lake Keitele

paragraphs: Lake Keitele is a lake in Finland. It covers almost . The average depth is . The deepest point is . The quality of the water is very good. Lake Keitele is close to Äänekoski, Viitasaari and municipalities Konnevesi and Vesanto.


title: Jääsjärvi

paragraphs: Jääsjärvi is a large lake in Finland. It covers . It has many islands. The largest ones are Vehkasalo, Hirtesalo, Kotisalo, Ohrasaari, Urrionsaari and Nautsalo.

paragraphs: Municipalities near Jääsjärvi are Joutsa and Hartola. Jääsjärvi flows from the southwestern part via Tainionvirta and into several smaller lakes to Päijänne.


title: Keiko (whale)

paragraphs: Keiko (c. 1976 – December 12, 2003) was a killer whale who played "Willy" in the movie "Free Willy" in 1993. He was a world-famous whale. He died of pneumonia in 2003.


title: Karelian pasty

paragraphs: Karelian pasty, "karjalanpiirakka" is a traditional Finnish cookie, where inside a thin rye layer is rice pudding, pearl barley pudding, or mashed potatoes. It is often served with a spread made of butter and hard boiled eggs. There are annual baking competitions such as the one at Rääkkylä's Kihaus.


title: Pasquale J. D'Amuro

paragraphs: Pasquale J. "Pat" D'Amuro is an American television analyst and former intelligence agent. He is an expert on terrorism. D'Amuro is a former Director of FBI in New York. He worked for the FBI for 26 years. After the FBI, he went to work for Giuliani Security & Safety, a New York security consulting company.

paragraphs: D'Amuro grew up in upstate New York. He earned his Bachelor's degree in Business at the Niagara University.

paragraphs: He bagan working for the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in May 1979. While working for the FBI, D'Amuro learn much about bank robberies, fraud, organized crime, drug trafficing and similar crimes.

paragraphs: After the 1993 World Trade Center bombing, he focused his research on terrorist attacks. After this, he was involved with the research of the 1998 United States embassy bombings in Tanzania and Kenya, the 2000 USS "Cole" bombing in Aden, Yemen, and the attacks on September 11, 2001, on the World Trade Center and The Pentagon. Over time, he became a leading expert on al-Qaeda.

paragraphs: After the attacks of September 11, D'Amuro became the assistant director of the counterterrorism division of the FBI. He made changes that led to better exchange of information between the FBI, CIA, the Department of Homeland Security and the Department of Defense. He is also responsible for the creation of the "Terrorism Watch List". It is a combination of the information of many different agencies.

paragraphs: In August 2003, he became director of the FBI office in New York. It is the largest FBI office. At this time, he held the third highest position in the FBI. At this time, he began giving public lectures often on the changes that had been made at the FBI since September 11. In March 2005, he left the FBI after a service of 26 years.

paragraphs: After leaving the FBI, he became director of Nine Thirty Capital Management and chairman of the board of Giuliani Security & Safety. In March 2006 he became a commissary of Mercy College. In April 2008, he became the director of American Defense Systems.

paragraphs: D'Amuro is often on the television network CNN as a senior analyst.

paragraphs: D'Amuro has been given several awards. These include the Presidential Rank Award of the FBI. In 2004, he was given an honorary doctorate in law from Mercy College in Dobbs Ferry, New York. In 2009, D'Amuro got a Four Freedoms Award in the category "Freedom from fear".


title: Karachi Central District

paragraphs: Karachi Central District () is in the Karachi Division of the Sindh province of Pakistan.


title: Karachi West District

paragraphs: Karachi West District () is in the Karachi Division of the Sindh province of Pakistan.


title: Goa liberation movement

paragraphs: The Goa liberation movement was a political struggle for the independence of Goa during the 20th century. The city had been under the colonial rule of the Portuguese for over 450 years. In 1960, India invaded and annexed the territory.


title: Sunamganj District

paragraphs: Sunamganj (, ) is a district in north-eastern Bangladesh. It is part of the Sylhet Division.


title: Maulvibazar District

paragraphs: Moulvibazar (, "Moulvibazar Zila") is a district of the Sylhet Division in Bangladesh.


title: Habiganj District

paragraphs: Habiganj ( "") is a district in northeastern Bangladesh. It is part of the Sylhet Division.


title: William Nakamura

paragraphs: William Kenzo Nakamura (January 21, 1922-July 4, 1944) was a United States Army soldier. He received the Medal of Honor because of his actions in World War II.

paragraphs: Nakamura was born in Seattle to Japanese immigrant parents. He is a "Nisei", which means that he is a second generation Japanese-American.

paragraphs: His family was interned in Minidoka in Idaho during World War II.

paragraphs: Nakamura joined the US Army in July 1943.

paragraphs: Nakamura volunteered to be part of the all-"Nisei" 442nd Regimental Combat Team. This army unit was mostly made up of Japanese Americans from Hawaii and the mainland.

paragraphs: For his actions in July 1944, Nakamura was awarded the Army's second-highest decoration, the Distinguished Service Cross (DSC). In the 1990s, there was a review of service records of Asian Americans who received the DSC during World War II. Nakamura's award was upgraded to the Medal of Honor. In a ceremony at the White House on June 21, 2000, his family was presented with his medal by President Bill Clinton. Twenty-one other Asian Americans also received the medal during the ceremony, but only seven of them were still alive.

paragraphs: Nakamura's Medal of Honor recognized his conduct in fighting in central Italy in 1944. He silenced a machine gun nest and he stayed behind to provide covering fire as his unit withdrew.

paragraphs: The words of Nakamura's citation explain:

paragraphs: Private First Class William K. Nakamura distinguished himself by extraordinary heroism in action on 4 July 1944, near Castellina, Italy. During a fierce firefight, Private First Class Nakamura's platoon became pinned down by enemy machine gun fire from a concealed position. On his own initiative, Private First Class Nakamura crawled 20 yards toward the hostile nest with fire from the enemy machine gun barely missing him. Reaching a point 15 yards from the position, he quickly raised himself to a kneeling position and threw four hand grenades, killing or wounding at least three of the enemy soldiers. The enemy weapon silenced, Private First Class Nakamura crawled back to his platoon, which was able to continue its advance as a result of his courageous action. Later, his company was ordered to withdraw from the crest of a hill so that a mortar barrage could be placed on the ridge. On his own initiative, Private First Class Nakamura remained in position to cover his comrades' withdrawal. While moving toward the safety of a wooded draw, his platoon became pinned down by deadly machine gun fire. Crawling to a point from which he could fire on the enemy position, Private First Class Nakamura quickly and accurately fired his weapon to pin down the enemy machine gunners. His platoon was then able to withdraw to safety without further casualties. Private First Class Nakamura was killed during this heroic stand. Private First Class Nakamura's extraordinary heroism and devotion to duty are in keeping with the highest traditions of military service and reflect great credit on him, his unit, and the United States Army.

paragraphs: Nakamura is the namesake of the William Kenzo Nakamura United States Courthouse in Seattle.


title: Rotuma

paragraphs: Rotuma is a volcanic island about south of Fiji. It covers an area of about . It has been a part of Fiji since 1881. While the Fijian Islands are Melanesian, Rotuma is isolated far to the north. Its people and culture are more closely related to Polynesia.


title: Virmajärvi

paragraphs: Virmajärvi is a small lake in eastern Finland's Ilomantsi region and Russia. An island on lake is the most eastern tectonic part of Finland and the European Union. The nearest village is Hattuvaara.


title: Luirojärvi

paragraphs: Luirojärvi is a lake in Finland's Lapland. Luirojoki (a river) flows first to Lokan tekojärvi (reservoir) and continues from that to Kemijoki. At the east side of lake is Sokosti mountain, which is over 700 meters high. Luirojärvi belongs to Urho Kekkonen National Park.


title: Lake Ruovesi

paragraphs: Lake Ruovesi is a lake in Finland. It covers . It collects water from Keuruun reitti, Pihlajaveden reitti and Ähtärin reitti. Lake Ruovesi flows to Palovesi.


title: Lake Lappajärvi

paragraphs: Lake Lappajärvi is a lake in Finland. It is in an impact crater. The biggest island is Kärnänsaari. The lake covers an area of . The deepest point is .


title: Adrian Smith (architect)

paragraphs: Adrian D. Smith (born August 19, 1944) is an American architect. He has designed skyscrapers including the Burj Khalifa, the Jin Mao Tower, the AT&T Corporate Center, and the Trump International Hotel and Tower, Chicago. He is now building the worlds tallest building that is planned to be taller than the Burj Khalifa, the Jeddah Tower.

paragraphs: Smith was born on August 19, 1944 in Chicago, Illinois. He was raised in Chicago, Illinois. Smith studied at the University of Illinois at Chicago and at the Texas A&M University.


title: Luc Besson

paragraphs: Luc Besson (born 18 March 1955) is a French movie director, screenwriter, and producer who is known for his movies such as "", "The Fifth Element", "Taken", "The Lady", and the entire "Arthur and the Invisibles trilogy". He has won an BAFTA Award.

paragraphs: Besson was born on 18 March 1955 in Paris, France. He was married to Anne Parillaud until they divorced. Then he was married to Maïwenn Le Besco from 1992 until they divorced in 1997. Then he was married to Milla Jovovich from 1997 until they divorced in 1999. He has been married to Virginie Silla since 2004. He has five children.


title: Blushing

paragraphs: Blushing is involuntary reddening of the human facial area. This happens if a person feels embarrassed, uncomfortable in certain situations or lovestruck. The affected area feels very hot when blushing takes place.


title: Patricia Wettig

paragraphs: Patricia Wettig (born December 4, 1951 in Cincinnati, Ohio) is an television performer and playwright. She starred in the series "Thirtysomething". She was also in a few movies.


title: San Bernardino County, California

paragraphs: San Bernardino County is a very large county in southeastern California, with a population of over 2 million. Places within the county include the city of San Bernardino, California. In area it is larger than the state of Maryland.


title: The Heroes of Olympus

paragraphs: The Heroes of Olympus is a series of five adventure and fantasy novels written by Rick Riordan, an American author. It follows the "Percy Jackson & the Olympians" series and is followed by "The Trials of Apollo" series. The stories are based around Greek and Roman mythology. It describes the efforts of seven demigod heroes to prevent the earth goddess Gaea from waking up. The first book in the series was released on October 12, 2012 and the last one was released on October 7, 2014.

paragraphs: The series begins with "The Lost Hero", which is followed by "The Son of Neptune", and then "The Mark of Athena". Some characters from the "Percy Jackson & the Olympians" series return, including Percy Jackson, Annabeth Chase, Clarisse, Chiron, other Camp Half-Blood campers and others. There are also some new characters. Some are Leo Valdez, son of Hephaestus, Jason Grace, son of Jupiter (Zeus as a Roman) and Piper McLean daughter of Aphrodite and movie star Tristan McLean who is kidnapped in "The Lost Hero".

paragraphs: Riordan based some of his series on "The Golden Fleece and The Heroes Who Lived Before Achilles" by Padraic Colum.

paragraphs: In addition to these books, Rick Riordan has also written a supplementary book named "The Demigod Diaries" which was released on August 14, 2012.


title: John of the Cross

paragraphs: Saint John of the Cross (1542-1591) was a Spanish Catholic mystic. He belonged to the Carmelite order. He is one of the Doctors of the Church.


title: Exmoor pony

paragraphs: The Exmoor pony is a breed of horse. It is native to the British Isles.

paragraphs: The fur is brown, from beige and brown to dark brown and black. The Exmoor pony eats grass and hay. It can be up to tall and weigh . The breeding time is 336 days. They can become 25 years old.


title: Cairo spiny mouse

paragraphs: The Cairo Spiny Mouse (Acomys cahirinus) is a species of mouse that lives in Africa, the Middle East and Europe.

paragraphs: It eats seeds, fruits and invertebrate animals. The mouse grows to long and weighs up to . It lives for about four years. The gestation period is about 38 days. The speed of the spiny mouse is up to .


title: Harz red mountain cattle

paragraphs: Harz red mountain cattle is a breed of cattle. They come from Harz, in Germany. They can live up to 20 years old. They have fair colored cornets, are beefier built, and have plain fur.

paragraphs: The females are up to and the males . They are between high. At birth, they weigh from .

paragraphs: Their main food is grass. They produce milk and are used for meat.

paragraphs: The Harz red mountain cattle is from the oldest race of cows. They were bred in the middle of the 19th century. Today, it is an endangered species.


title: Consequentialism

paragraphs: Consequentialism is a theory in the field of ethics. The moral value of an action can be judged by looking at the consequences it has. One of the big theories that can be called consequential is called utilitarianism.


title: Play

paragraphs: The word "play" has more than one meaning. It could mean:


title: Play (activity)

paragraphs: Play is a word used in psychology and ethology to describe voluntary activities associated with recreational pleasure and enjoyment, and with early learning in mammals. Although everyone understands what the word means, it is extremely difficult to define. Play is usually connected with children and their juvenile-level activities, but it can also be a useful adult activity, and occurs among other higher-functioning animals as well.

paragraphs: Many of the most prominent researchers in the field of psychology (including William James, Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky) have viewed play as endemic to the human species. Play may be frivolous; but it may be serious. A player can be intently focused on his or her objective ("in the zone"), particularly when play is structured and goal-oriented, as in a game. Accordingly, play can range from relaxed, free-spirited and spontaneous through frivolous to planned or even compulsive.

paragraphs: There have been two major reviews of research into animal play, and both have said it is extremely difficult to define. Play is almost universal in very young mammals, and also in some groups of birds such as parrots and ravens. Therefore, it must have a function, but what is that function? It is definitely not immediate survival. In fact, the young animals of many species may risk their lives playing. Yet, since it survives in so many species, it must have survival value. That, as Fagan says, is a paradox.

paragraphs: The main idea is that play is basically useful, and so it can be explained by the normal process of evolution by natural selection. This was proposed by Karl Groos over a century ago, and it is still the majority explanation.

paragraphs: Researchers know the difficulty of deciding when a behaviour is play, and when it is not. Konrad Lorenz developed a criterion. To be called "play", the behaviour should be really distinct from the response in the normal situation. Thus, play-fighting of young pups is quite different from serious dog-fights, not just a lesser degree of the same thing.

paragraphs: Play can take the form of improvisation or pretend, performance, mimicry, games, sports. Play can be structured, with goals and rules; when this is the case, the play is a "game". Other play is unstructured, without rules. The gurus of children's games were Iona and Peter Opie, who collected them in England in the post-World War II period.

paragraphs: Often sports with specific rules will take place within designated play spaces, such as sports fields. Other play spaces may be playgrounds with equipment and structures to promote active and social play. Some play spaces may be indoors, as with museums, or family entertainment centres.

paragraphs: The National Institute for Play describes seven play types:

paragraphs: Piaget had a general framework for play:

paragraphs: Separate from self-initiated play, play therapy is used as a clinical application of play aimed at treating children who suffer from trauma, emotional issues and other problems.


title: North Karachi

paragraphs: North Karachi () is a suburb of Karachi, in the Karachi Division of the Sindh province of Pakistan.


title: Dravida Nadu

paragraphs: Dravida Nadu () was the name of a proposed sovereign state for the speakers of the Dravidian languages in South Asia. It was also known as Dravidistan or Dravidadesa.


title: Electric bicycle

paragraphs: An electric bicycle is a bicycle that uses electricity as its power. These bikes do not pollute the air. Usually a biker can control how much the motor helps. For example, it can be 50% of the force needed. These kinds of bikes have become more popular. In some cases it is possible to convert a traditional bike to electric using a conversion kit.


title: Kokemäki

paragraphs: Kokemäki is a town in south-west Finland. The city has a population of 7,653 (30 June 2015) and an area of 531,27 km². Through Kokemäki flows the Kokemäenjoki river which is 121 km long.


title: Laihia

paragraphs: Laihia is a municipality in Finland. About 8,000 people lived there as of 31 August 2013. It covers 508.38 km². Near Laihia is municipalities: Ilmajoki, Isokyrö, Kurikka, Maalahti, Mustasaari and Vähäkyrö.


title: Spacetime metric

paragraphs: In special relativity, the spacetime metric, also called the Minkowski metric', is the metric tensor that describes the line element in Minkowski spacetime.

paragraphs: The metric can be described by the following line element:

paragraphs: In units where the speed of light, formula_2, is one, then the metric in matrix form is


title: Rautalampi

paragraphs: Rautalampi is a municipality in Finland. The city has 3,451 people (as of 31 August 2012). It covers 761,97 km². Near Laihia are the municipalities Hankasalmi, Konnevesi, Pieksämäki, Suonenjoki, Tervo and Vesanto.

paragraphs: History starts from 1561 when Sweden's king Gustav I of Sweden gave order to establish so called "hallintopitäjä" Rautalampi, "(Rautalammen hallintopitäjä)."


title: Vaasa

paragraphs: Vaasa () is a city in Ostrobothnia, Finland. The city has a population of 60 622 (31.8.2012) and the area 191,68 km². Vaasa is different compared to the nearest municipalities because so many people there speak Finnish. From Helsinki, it is 419 km to Vaasa.

paragraphs: Neighbouring municipalities are Isokyrö, Laihia, Malax, Korsholm and Vöyri.


title: Kamakura shogunate

paragraphs: The Kamakura shogunate (Japanese: 鎌倉幕, "Kamakura bakufu") was a feudal Japanese feudal military government. The heads of government were the shoguns. The first three were members of the Minamoto clan. The next two were members of the Fujiwara clan. The last six were minor Imperial princes.

paragraphs: These years are known as the Kamakura period. The period takes its name from the city where the Minamoto shoguns lived.

paragraphs: After 1203, the Hōjō clan held the office of "Shikken". In effect, the "shikken" governed in the name of the shoguns.

paragraphs: In 1192, Minamoto no Yoritomo and the Minamoto clan established a military government in Kamakura. The shogunate functioned within the framework of the Heian system of Imperial rule.

paragraphs: The Mongols under Kublai Khan attempted to invade Japan. On 19 November 1274 ("Bun'ei 11, 20th day of the 10th month"), Kublai Khan's army landed near Fukuoka in Kyūshū. The invaders retreated to Korea. This was called Bun'ei War ("Bunei no eki"). There was a second invasion attempt by Mongol forces in 1281 ("Kōan 4"). This was called the Kōan War ("Kōan no eki").

paragraphs: The shogunate prepared to defend against a third invasion, but it did not come. The costs of defense a weakened the shogunate.

paragraphs: In the in 1333 ("Genkō 3"), forces led by Nitta Yoshisada destroyed the Kamakura shogunate


title: Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting

paragraphs: The Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting was a school shooting which happened in Connecticut, United States on December 14, 2012. Twenty-eight people were killed in the shooting, including many children and teachers and the perpetrator's mother at home.

paragraphs: The shooter was Adam Lanza. He shot and killed his mother, before going to Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut, and killed twenty children and six adult staff members as well as injuring two other staff members. He committed suicide before he could be arrested.


title: Sysmä

paragraphs: Sysmä is a municipality in Päijänne Tavastia, Finland. It covers about . As of 31 August 2012, 4,232 people lived there. Its population triples during summer. This has made lot of summer happenings.

paragraphs: Neighbouring municipalities are Asikkala, Hartola, Heinola, Kuhmoinen, Luhanka and Padasjoki.

paragraphs: Joutsjärvi, Karilanmaa, Kinnarila (Skinnarila), Koivisto, Käenmäki (Tikkala), Liikola, Nikkaroinen, Nuoramoinen, Onkiniemi, Otamo, Palvala, Rapala, Ravioskorpi, Saarenkylä, Soiniemi, Suurkylä, Särkilahti, Taipale, Toivola, Valittula, Vintturi, Virtaa, Voipala (Suopelto).


title: Lee Archer (pilot)

paragraphs: Lee Archer was an American pilot for the United States Air Force. He flew from 1941 during World War II until the year of 1970. He rose until the rank of Lieutenant Colonel.

paragraphs: Archer was born in Yonkers, New York, on September 6, 1919.

paragraphs: He studied at the New York University. After his study he joined the army having the hope to become a pilot. In that era he had to discover that it was not possible for him as an African-American, due to the Jim Crow laws. As a result he was sent of to Georgia for a communication job. After the army changed its policy, he was accepted to the trainings program for African-American on Tuskegee Army Airfield in Alabama.

paragraphs: During World War II Archer flew on 169 combat missions for the 302nd Fighter Squadron above Europe, and brought down several hostile planes. During a mission in August 1944 he destroyed six German planes on the ground. On October 12, 1944, he 'landed' in a series of air combats above Hungary, which was occupied territory then by Nazi Germany. Flying a P-51 Mustang he brought down three German fighters.

paragraphs: When he came back in 1945 he discovered that nothing had changed in the American society. When he stepped out of his plane, the first sign he saw demanded ′Colored Troops to the Right, White Troops to the Left′. Archer stayed in the army until 1970. At that moment he was a Lieutenant Colonel.

paragraphs: He continued his career in civil society at General Foods in White Plains, New York, where he was one of the first African-American vice presidents of an American corporation. In 1987 he founded his own company in venture capital, called Archer Asset Management.

paragraphs: Archer died on January 27, 2010, in New York City. Television personality Bill Cosby held a speech for him at his funeral ceremony on February 4.

paragraphs: Archer was named "Honorary Honoree" of the American Fighter Aces Association. He received several military awards, like the Distinguished Flying Cross, the Air Medal, and a Presidential Unit Citation.

paragraphs: Furthermore he was mentioned as an exemplary air force fighter at the presentation of the "Freedom Medal" as well as in the category of "Freedom from fear" of the Four Freedoms Awards. Furthermore he and his fellow Tuskegee pilots were honored with a Congressional Gold Medal in 2007.


Lee Archer


title: Brenda Ann Spencer

paragraphs: Brenda Ann Spencer (born in San Diego, California on April 3, 1962) is a convicted American murderer who performed a deadly shooting spree, during which she killed two people at the Cleveland Elementary School in San Diego on January 29, 1979. Another nine got hurt during that incident. Spencer showed no remorse in her crime; her full explanation of her actions was "I don't like Mondays; this livens up the day." Those comments were the inspiration to the song "I Don't Like Mondays" by The Boomtown Rats, which reached #1 in the United Kingdom in mid 1979.


title: Mango (airline)

paragraphs: Mango Airlines SOC Ltd, known as Mango, is a South African low-cost airline, founded in 2006 as a subsidiary of South African Airways, that operates domestic scheduled budget services. Mango's main base is OR Tambo International Airport near Johannesburg.


title: Oakville, Ontario

paragraphs: Oakville is a town in the Canadian province of Ontario.

paragraphs: The population of Oakville was 182,520 in 2011. The mayor of Oakville is Rob Burton.

paragraphs: Dundas Street was surveyed for a military road in 1793 and was bought by the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada in 1805. British immigrants settled the area surrounding Dundas Street as well as on the shore of Lake Ontario in 1807. The Crown bought the area surrounding the waterways in 1820 and the area around the creeks, gave up to the Crown by the Mississaugas, was auctioned off to William Chisholm in 1827.

paragraphs: The towns of Bronte, Palermo, Sheridan, and the remainder of Trafalgar Township merged with Oakville in 1962.

paragraphs: The new Oakville Trafalgar Memorial Hospital at 3001 Hospital Gate is open (as of December 13, 2015).


title: 1976 United States presidential election

paragraphs: This election was between former Governor of Georgia Jimmy Carter and President Gerald Ford.

paragraphs: Jimmy Carter won the election by 297 electoral votes. Incumbent president Gerald Ford got 240 votes. A faithless elector from Washington voted for Ronald Reagan, who would win the 1980 election.

paragraphs: This election followed the resignation of President Richard Nixon in 1974 due to the Watergate scandal. It is the last election to have a Democratic candidate to get a good vote in American South. The American South is most known to be Republican.

paragraphs: This is the last election where one of the two major candidates is still alive. Jimmy Carter is currently 95 years old.


title: Green Party of Canada

paragraphs: The Green Party of Canada is a federal political party based in Canada. The party holds 3 of 338 seats in the Canadian Parliament.

paragraphs: Although the party has had both leftist and centrist factions throughout their history, many of the members think that the left wing-right wing political spectrum doesn't capture the ecological orientation of an evolving Green Party.

paragraphs: The leader of the party is Elizabeth May. She was voted as leader when she defeated David Chernushenko and Jim Fannon in the leadership race with 65% of the vote on the first ballot.

paragraphs: On 2 May 2011, May was voted in the 2011 Canadian federal election. This made her the first member of the Green Party in history to sit in the House of Commons. On 6 May 2019, Paul Manly was voted in a by-election in the riding of Nanaimo—Ladysmith. He became the second member of the Green Party in history to sit in the House of Commons. In the 2019 Canadian federal election, Jenica Atwin was voted in. She became their first member outside of British Columbia to sit in the House of Commons.


title: Andrea Yates

paragraphs: Andrea Yates (née Andrea Kennedy, July 2, 1964) is a former Houston resident who took the lives of her five children by drowning them in her home's bathtub on Wednesday, June 20, 2001. She was born in Hallsville, Texas. She had been suffering from severe postpartum depression and postpartum psychosis. She was convicted of murder in 2002 and given life in prison; however, that was later overturned on appeal. In July 2006, a Texas jury declared her not guilty by reason of insanity; Yates was then sent to the North Texas State Hospital near Vernon, Texas.


title: Gaia hypothesis

paragraphs: The Gaia hypothesis, also known as Gaia theory or Gaia principle, named after earth goddess Gaia, indicates that living organisms interact with their nonliving inorganic surroundings on Earth to self-regulate the Earth environment, a complex system that contributes to maintaining the conditions for life on the planet. The hypothesis was developed in the 1970's by James Lovelock with Lynn Margulis.


title: Bangladesh Premier League

paragraphs: Bangladesh Premier League (BPL) is a professional Twenty20 cricket league in Bangladesh. The first edition of the tournament started on 10 February 2012 with six franchises consisting of players from around the world.

paragraphs: Dhaka Gladiators were the first champions of the BPL. The Bangladesh Premier League was shown on television internationally through ESPN Star Sports who made agreements to broadcast matches every day. The official channel for the BPL was Channel 9.


title: Justin Welby

paragraphs: Justin Portal Welby (born 6 January 1956) is the 105th and present Archbishop of Canterbury - the most senior bishop in the Church of England. He succeeded Rowan Williams as archbishop in February 2013.

paragraphs: Welby was born in London. His early career was in the oil industry but in 1989, he studied for ordination in Durham, England. After several parochial appointments he became the Dean of Liverpool and was appointed as the Bishop of Durham in 2011.

paragraphs: Welby's theology is reported as representing the evangelical tradition within Anglicanism and he has written about the relationship between finance and religion. On 9 November 2012, it was officially announced that Justin Welby would become the next Archbishop of Canterbury; this will not happen until February 2013 when the current archbishop will retire.

paragraphs: Recently there has been revelations as a result of a released DNA test, showing that, he is in fact the son of Winston Churchill's last private secretary.


title: Sattar Bahlulzade

paragraphs: Sattar Bahlulzade (; , – 14 October 1974) was an Azerbaijani painter. He was born in the village of Amirjan, just outside the Azerbaijani capital Baku.

paragraphs: Sattar Bahlulzade is the founder of modern Azerbaijani landscape painting. He began his professional education at the National Art Institute in Baku (1927–1931). In 1933, he went to Moscow to continue his education in the Drawing Department at the Moscow Fine Arts Institute. There he studied in the studio of the Russian painter V. A. Favorsky. During the summer workshops in Crimea, Russian painter G. Shegal saw some of Sattar's sketches and suggested that he study at the Institute's Painting Department, which he did.

paragraphs: Though he experimented in many styles of art, his unique talent was landscape painting. At first, he used to paint nature realistically as he had been taught. But soon he developed his own style. In fact, some of his paintings look like photos of the Earth taken from space. Using a combination of pastel colors and bold strokes, he made nature look more colorful and lively, and sometimes even more fantastic, than it did in reality.

paragraphs: Many of his works show different places of Azerbaijan. For example, "Bazarduzu Outskirts" is about Bazarduzu, the highest mountain in Azerbaijan. Other examples are "Old Shamakhi" and "Autumn in Nakhchivan."

paragraphs: Bahlulzade won many prizes for his art. He won the title of Honored Art Worker of the Republic of Azerbaijan in 1960 and was named People's Artist in 1963.

paragraphs: In 1973, Sattar became extremely ill due to blood poisoning and he died in 1974 in Moscow. When Sattar died, he was not buried in the Avenue of the Honored Ones, unlike other famous Azerbaijani people. Instead, according to his will, he was buried in his native village of Amirjan, next to his mother's grave.

paragraphs: Sattar's legacy includes many works that have been shown all over the world, including personal exhibitions in the USA, England, Turkey and Russia.

paragraphs: Most of his works are shown in museums all over Azerbaijan, particularly in the cities like Baku, Ganja and Nakhchivan.


title: 1956 United States presidential election

paragraphs: This election was between Incumbent United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower/Vice President Richard Nixon and former Governor of Illinois Adlai Stevenson/Running mate Estes Kefauver.

paragraphs: Incumbent president Dwight D. Eisenhower won the election by 457 electoral votes. Adlai Stevenson got 73 electoral votes. Walter Burgwyn Jones got one vote by a faithless elector in Alabama.

paragraphs: This was the last election in which Alaska and Hawaii were not states.

paragraphs: Eisenhower suffered a heart attack in September 1955 while in Colorado for a vacation. His doctors told him not to run for another election. However, Eisenhower announced his candidacy for re-election on television in early 1956.


title: Joe Nishimoto

paragraphs: Joe M. Nishimoto (February 21, 1919-November 15, 1944) was a United States Army soldier. He received the Medal of Honor because of his actions in World War II.

paragraphs: Nishimoto was born in California to Japanese immigrant parents. He was a "Nisei", which means that he was a second generation Japanese-American.

paragraphs: He was interned at the Jerome War Relocation Center in Arkansas,

paragraphs: Nishimoto joined the US Army in October 1943.

paragraphs: Nishimoto volunteered to be part of the all-"Nisei" 442nd Regimental Combat Team. This army unit was mostly made up of Japanese Americans from Hawaii and the mainland.

paragraphs: For his actions in November 1944, Nishimoto was awarded the Army's second-highest decoration, the Distinguished Service Cross (DSC). In the 1990s, there was a review of service records of Asian Americans who received the DSC during World War II. Nishimoto's award was upgraded to the Medal of Honor. In a ceremony at the White House on June 21, 2000, his family was presented with his medal by President Bill Clinton. Twenty-one other Asian Americans also received the medal during the ceremony, but only seven of them were still alive.

paragraphs: Nishimoto's Medal of Honor recognized his conduct in fighting in France in 1944. Without help from others, he destroyed three machine gun positions.

paragraphs: The words of Nishimoto's citation explain:

paragraphs: Private First Class Joe M. Nishimoto distinguished himself by extraordinary heroism in action on 7 November 1944, near La Houssiere, France. After three days of unsuccessful attempts by his company to dislodge the enemy from a strongly defended ridge, Private First Class Nishimoto, as acting squad leader, boldly crawled forward through a heavily mined and booby-trapped area. Spotting a machine gun nest, he hurled a grenade and destroyed the emplacement. Then, circling to the rear of another machine gun position, he fired his submachine gun at point-blank range, killing one gunner and wounding another. Pursuing two enemy riflemen, Private First Class Nishimoto killed one, while the other hastily retreated. Continuing his determined assault, he drove another machine gun crew from its position. The enemy, with their key strong points taken, were forced to withdraw from this sector. Private First Class Nishimoto's extraordinary heroism and devotion to duty are in keeping with the highest traditions of military service and reflect great credit on him, his unit, and the United States Army.


title: Ahl al-Bayt

paragraphs: Ahl al-Bayt () is an Arabic phrase that means "People of the House", or "family of the House". The phrase was used in Arabia before the founding of Islam to refer to someone's clan. Within Islam, the term refers to the family of the prophet Muhammad. Shia Muslims limited this term to five people who were Ali, Fatimah, Hassan and Hussain while Sunni Islam extend it to the wives of Muhammad.


title: Julia Vial

paragraphs: Julia Beatriz Vial Cuevas (born June 24, 1977 in Santiago) is a Chilean journalist and television presenter.

paragraphs: Julia Vial began her career as a commentator in 2001 on television screens Chilevisión.

paragraphs: In mid-2001 he emigrated to Canal 13, to be part of the television program "Pantalla Abierta".

paragraphs: She was on Canal 13 until the end of 2004, in 2006 emigrated to TV channel La Red, to be the host of "Intrusos" with journalist Gaspar Domínguez (until 2007).

paragraphs: In December 2012, announced in its program output screen "Intrusos" to migrate the morning of La Red "Mañaneros".

paragraphs: Since January 2013, will take over as host of "Mañaneros".

paragraphs: Julia Vial is married to Leopoldo Muñoz, who has a daughter who was born with Down's Syndrome named Julia "Julita" Muñoz Vial.


title: Wikidata

paragraphs: Wikidata is a wiki that is a database, a collection of data on the internet. The information stored on Wikidata can be used by other websites including Wikipedia. Wikidata is designed so that humans and machines can read it. As of March 2019 it contains more than 55 million items and and has 21 thousands active users.

paragraphs: Wikidata provides support for Wikipedia, Wikimedia Commons, other wikis of the Wikimedia movement, and to anyone in the world.


title: Chris Ellis

paragraphs: Chris Ellis (born April 14, 1956) is an American movie, television, stage, and voice actor who is known for his roles in "Days of Thunder", "Apollo 13", "Armageddon", "My Cousin Vinny", and in "The Dark Knight Rises". His career began in 1979.

paragraphs: Eliis was born on April 14, 1956 in Dallas, Texas. He was raised in Memphis, Tennessee.


title: Aidan Gillen

paragraphs: Aidan Gillen (born Aidan Murphy; 24 April 1968) is an Irish movie, stage, television, and voice actor who is known for his roles in "Shanghai Knights", "Blitz", "12 Rounds", and "The Dark Knight Rises". His most famous role is probably Petyr Baelish in "Game of Thrones".

paragraphs: Gillen was born on 24 April 1968 in Dublin, Ireland. He studied at St. Vincent's C.B.S. Gillen has been married to Olivia O'Flanagan since 2001. They have two children.


title: Josh Stewart

paragraphs: Joshua Regnall "Josh" Stewart (born February 6, 1977) is an American movie, television, stage, and voice actor. He is known for his roles as Brendan Finney in "Third Watch", as Arkin in "The Collector" and in "The Collection", and as Barsad in "The Dark Knight Rises".

paragraphs: Stewart was born on February 6, 1977 in Diana, West Virginia. He studied at West Virginia Wesleyan College and at West Virginia University. Stewart is married to Deanna Brigidi. They have two children.


title: Karimganj district

paragraphs: Karimganj District () is an administrative district in the state of Assam in India. The district headquarters are in Karimganj. It is claimed by the peoples of Bangladesh as part of their Sylhet Division.


title: Life After People

paragraphs: Life After People was a television show about how would the World look like when all humans disappeared. They show what will happen to the environment, to cities, houses, landmarks, and skyscrapers. The show aired from January 21, 2008 through March 16, 2010. The show was aired in the History Channel.

paragraphs: The show showed what would happen to the Egyptian pyramids, the Empire State Building, the Willis Tower, the Astrodome, the Space Needle, the Eiffel Tower, the Burj Khalifa, the Golden Gate Bridge, the Gateway Arch, Taipei 101, the USS Constitution, the White House, the Hoover Dam, the Sydney Harbour Bridge, Grant's Tomb, the John Hancock Center, Wrigley Field, Big Ben, 30 St Mary Axe, the Lincoln Memorial, the Chrysler Building, the Washington Monument, Monticello, the United States Capitol, the Library of Congress, and St. Peter's Basilica.


title: USS Constitution

paragraphs: USS "Constitution" is a wooden, three-masted heavy frigate of the United States Navy. Named by President George Washington after the Constitution of the United States of America, she is the world's oldest commissioned naval vessel afloat.

paragraphs: It was constructed in 1794. It was later launched in 1797, "Constitution" was one of six original frigates authorized for construction by the Naval Act of 1794 and the third constructed. Joshua Humphreys designed the frigates to be the young Navy's capital ships, and so "Constitution" and her sisters were larger and more heavily armed and built than standard frigates of the period. Built in Boston, Massachusetts, at Edmund Hartt's shipyard, her first duties with the newly formed United States Navy were to provide protection for American merchant shipping during the Quasi-War with France and to defeat the Barbary pirates in the First Barbary War.

paragraphs: "Constitution" is most famous for her actions during the War of 1812 against Great Britain, when she captured numerous merchant ships and defeated five British warships: HMS "Guerriere", "Java", "Pictou", "Cyane" and "Levant".

paragraphs: On August 19, 1812, the Constitution and HMS Guerriere fought a battle about 400 miles (650 Km) southeast of Halifax, Nova Scotia. The captains were Isaac Hull of U.S. andJames Richard Dacres of U.K. At around 2:00pm the USS Constitution found the HMS Guerriere, and attacked and damaged the Guerriere. One American officer was killed and another wounded by musket fire. Captain Dacres was also wounded. A shot to the cabin set fire to the USS Constitution. The HMS Guerriere was also severely burned and damaged. While Dacres was preparing to set sail and continue the battle against the Americans, it became obvious the that the ship was about to sink. Dacres was asked if he was ready for surrender. He said he didn't know but that they could no longer fight. Later, he surrendered and the HMS Guerriere sank.

paragraphs: The battle with "Guerriere" earned her the nickname of "Old Ironsides" and public adoration that has repeatedly saved her from scrapping. She continued to serve the nation as flagship in the Mediterranean and African squadrons, and circled the world in the 1840s.

paragraphs: During the American Civil War she served as a training ship for the United States Naval Academy and carried artwork and industrial displays to the Paris Exposition of 1878. Retired from active service in 1881, she served as a receiving ship until designated a museum ship in 1907 and in 1934 she completed a three-year, 90-port tour of the nation. "Constitution" sailed under her own power for her 200th birthday in 1997, and again in August 2012, to commemorate the 200th anniversary of her victory over "Guerriere".


title: Grant's Tomb

paragraphs: General Grant National Memorial or Grant's Tomb is a memorial and resting place of 18th President of the United States and Civil War general Ulysses S. Grant and his wife Julia Grant.

paragraphs: The tomb is in Manhattan, New York City, New York. The tomb was constructed by the United States Congress. The tomb was constructed in 1890 (five years after Grant's death) and was finished on April 22 1897 (Grant's 75th birthday).

paragraphs: In 1902, Julia Grant died and was later buried in the tomb. The tomb was decaying or falling apart and was vandalised during the 1980s until the tomb was fixed and restored in 1994. The tomb was rededicated in April 27, 1997. It was later named an United States National Landmark.


title: Adlai Stevenson II

paragraphs: Adlai Ewing Stevenson II (February 5, 1900 – July 14, 1965) was an American politician. He ran against Dwight D. Eisenhower in the 1952 and 1956 elections, but he lost. He was the grandson of Vice President Adlai E. Stevenson. He was also the 31st Governor of Illinois from 1949-1953. He became United States Ambassador to the United Nations from 1961 until his death in 1965.

paragraphs: Stevenson was born in Los Angeles, California to Lewis Stevenson and Helen Davis Stevenson. His maternal great-grandfather Jesse W. Fell was a close friend and campaign manager for Abraham Lincoln. His oldest son Adlai Stevenson III became a United States Senator from Illinois from 1970 until 1981. He grew up in Bloomington, Illinois. He studied at Bloomington High School until his junior year. After that he went at University High School in Normal, Illinois. Then he studied at Princeton University and Northwestern University Law School.

paragraphs: He ran for president six times which were 1940, 1944, 1948, 1952, 1956, and 1960, lost the Democrat primaries to Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman and John F. Kennedy. He also lost the 1952 and 1956 elections to Republican Dwight D. Eisenhower. Stevenson was Governor of Illinois from January 10, 1949-January 12, 1953.

paragraphs: He married Ellen Borden in 1928 and divorced in 1949. Stevenson is a second cousin, once removed of actor McLean Stevenson. His son is former Illinois Senator Adlai Stevenson III.

paragraphs: In 1953, he was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

paragraphs: In 1957 he went back to law practice. He was employed part-time by Encyclopædia Britannica.

paragraphs: Stevenson tried to run for the nomination in the 1960 election. He lost to Senator John F. Kennedy. Stevenson refused to give the nomination address to John F. Kennedy. After Kennedy won the nomination, Stevenson campaigned for him.

paragraphs: He was appointed Ambassador to the United Nations in 1961.

paragraphs: Stevenson's most well-known moments happened during the Cuban Missile Crisis when he gave a presentation at an emergency session of the Security Council on October 25, 1962.

paragraphs: Stevenson suffered a heart attack on the afternoon and died later on July 14, 1965 in London of heart failure. The funeral in Bloomington, Illinois Unitarian Church was attended by President Lyndon B. Johnson and Vice President Hubert Humphrey and Supreme Court Chief Justice Earl Warren.


title: Allan Ohata

paragraphs: Allan Masaharu Ohata (September 13, 1918-October 17, 1977) was a United States Army soldier. He received the Medal of Honor because of his actions in World War II.

paragraphs: Ohata was born in Hawaii to Japanese immigrant parents. He was a "Nisei", which means that he was a second generation Japanese-American.

paragraphs: One month before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Ohata joined the US Army in November 1941.

paragraphs: Ohata volunteered to be part of the all-"Nisei" 100th Infantry Battalion. This army unit was mostly made up of Japanese Americans from Hawaii and the mainland.

paragraphs: For his actions in November 1943, Ohata was awarded the Army's second-highest decoration, the Distinguished Service Cross (DSC). In the 1990s, there was a review of service records of Asian Americans who received the DSC during World War II. Ohata's award was upgraded to the Medal of Honor. In a ceremony at the White House on June 21, 2000, his family was presented with his medal by President Bill Clinton. Twenty-one other Asian Americans also received the medal during the ceremony, but only seven of them were still alive. According to the story he shared with his brother, "[H]e held a hill by himself and a lot of people died except him. He said the enemy came from both sides, and [at] one point he came from one side and the enemy soldier came from the other end. The only reason he lived was because he saw the guy first."

paragraphs: Ohata's Medal of Honor recognized his conduct in fighting in central Italy in 1944. With the help of one rifleman, he held back an attack by a large force of enemy soldiers.

paragraphs: Sergeant Allan M. Ohata distinguished himself by extraordinary heroism in action on 29 and November 30, 1943, near Cerasuolo, Italy. Sergeant Ohata, his squad leader, and three men were ordered to protect his platoons left flank against an attacking enemy force of 40 men, armed with machine guns, machine pistols, and rifles. He posted one of his men, an automatic rifleman, on the extreme left, 15 yards from his own position. Taking his position, Sergeant Ohata delivered effective fire against the advancing enemy. The man to his left called for assistance when his automatic rifle was shot and damaged. With utter disregard for his personal safety, Sergeant Ohata left his position and advanced 15 yards through heavy machine gun fire. Reaching his comrades position, he immediately fired upon the enemy, killing 10 enemy soldiers and successfully covering his comrades withdrawal to replace his damaged weapon. Sergeant Ohata and the automatic rifleman held their position and killed 37 enemy soldiers. Both men then charged the three remaining soldiers and captured them. Later, Sergeant Ohata and the automatic rifleman stopped another attacking force of 14, killing four and wounding three while the others fled. The following day he and the automatic rifleman held their flank with grim determination and staved off all attacks. Staff Sergeant Ohatas extraordinary heroism and devotion to duty are in keeping with the highest traditions of military service and reflect great credit on him, his unit, and the United States Army.


title: Ville Nieminen

paragraphs: Ville Nieminen (born 6 April 1977 in Tampere, Finland) is a former Finnish professional ice hockey player that currently played for Tappara of the SM-liiga.

paragraphs: Nieminen has also played in the NHL for the Colorado Avalanche, Pittsburgh Penguins, Chicago Blackhawks, Calgary Flames, New York Rangers, San Jose Sharks and St. Louis Blues. He won the Stanley Cup with the Avalanche in the 2000–01 NHL season. Nieminen also won a silver medal with the Finland men's national ice hockey team in the 2006 Winter Olympics.


title: Mara Wilson

paragraphs: Mara Elizabeth Wilson (born July 24, 1987 in Los Angeles, California) is an American actress and playwright. She was born in Los Angeles. She currently acts on stage. She is best known for her acting in movies when she was a child. Her best known movies include "Mrs. Doubtfire" (1993), "Matilda" (1996) and Lily Stone in "Thomas and the Magic Railroad" (2000). She came out as bisexual in June 2016.


title: Heather (name)

paragraphs: Heather is a female first name. It is based around "heather", the English word for a variety of shrubs having pink and white flowers. There are many famous people having the name, such as Heather Locklear, Heather Tom, Heather Thomas and Heather Matarazzo.


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title: Alberta Williams King

paragraphs: Alberta Christine Williams King (September 13, 1904 – June 30, 1974) was the mother of Martin Luther King, Jr.. She was married to Martin Luther King, Sr. for 58 years.

paragraphs: She had an important part in the activities of the Ebenezer Baptist Church. The church is now a part of the Martin Luther King, Jr. National Historic Site. She was shot and killed in the church six years after the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.

paragraphs: Alberta Christine Williams was born on September 13, 1904 in Atlanta, Georgia. Her father was Reverend Adam Daniel Williams. He was then the pastor of the Ebenezer Baptist Church. Jennie Celeste (Parks) Williams was her mother. She earned a teaching certificate at the Hampton Normal and Industrial Institute in 1924. Later the college name became just Hampton University.

paragraphs: Williams met Martin Luther King, Sr. right before she left for school at Hampton. After graduating, she and King got formally engaged at the Ebenezer Baptist Church. She taught for a short time before their Thanksgiving Day wedding in 1926. She then had to quit because married female teachers were not allowed at that time. Martin Luther King Jr. was born on January 15, 1929. He was one of their three children.

paragraphs: Alberta King's mother died on May 18, 1941 of a heart attack. The King family later moved to a large yellow brick house three blocks away. Alberta was president of the Ebenezer Women's Committee from 1950 to 1962. She was also a talented musician who became the choir organist and director at Ebenezer. This may have been the reason her son was interested in Black music and art. By the end of this time, Martin Luther King Sr. and Jr. were sharing the role of pastors of the church.

paragraphs: King was shot and killed in a church by a 23-year-old man while she was playing the organ in Atlanta, Georgia. She died six years after the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr., aged 69.


title: Coretta Scott King

paragraphs: Coretta Scott King (April 27, 1927 – January 30, 2006) was an American author, activist, and civil rights leader. She was the widow of Martin Luther King, Jr.. Scott King helped lead the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s.

paragraphs: Scott King played an important role in the years after her husband's 1968 assassination when she took on the leadership of the struggle for racial equality herself and became active in the Women's Movement.

paragraphs: Scott King was born on April 27, 1927 in Heiberger, Alabama. She studied at Lincoln Normal School and at Antioch College.

paragraphs: King was married to Martin Luther King, Jr. from 1953 until his death in 1968. They had four children:

paragraphs: Dexter Scott King; Yolanda King; Bernice Albertine King and Martin Luther King III

paragraphs: King was in a hospital in Rosarito Beach, Mexico after she had a stroke and had ovarian cancer. She died on January 30, 2006 in the hospital from a stroke and respiratory failure, aged 78.


title: Elles

paragraphs: Elles is a 2011 erotic French drama movie. Juliette Binoche plays a journalist named Anne. "Elles" is about female student prostitution. This movie had an NC-17 rating because of explicit sexual content. The NC-17 rating was later surrendered. The movie was released unrated on DVD and Blu-ray disc.


title: Aokigahara

paragraphs: Aokigahara is a forest at the northwest base of Mount Fuji in Japan. The forest is known to be quiet because of the absence of wildlife and the wind-blocking density of the trees that are in it. A number of rocky, icy caverns are in the forest and some of them are popular tourist destinations. Demons in Japanese mythology are associated with the forest.

paragraphs: It is known as a popular suicide spot and is reportedly the most popular in Japan. It also ranks as the second in the world after San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge. There are signs in the forest in both Japanese and English that try to persuade people not to commit suicide. The forest is said to be haunted by the Yūrei (angry spirits) that were left to die.


title: Breaking Bad

paragraphs: Breaking Bad is an American television series set in Albuquerque, New Mexico. It started in January 2008. The show was broadcast across Canada and the United States on cable channel AMC. It has won 10 Emmy Awards. "Breaking Bad" ended in September 2013. Bryan Cranston plays the main role, Walter White. There are five seasons and 62 episodes. It is about a chemistry teacher who is told he has lung cancer and starts making the illegal drug methamphetamine to pay for his family's needs after he dies. "Breaking Bad" was made by Vince Gilligan.


title: Margaret Purves

paragraphs: Margaret Purves GC (born 25 November 1934  ), formerly Margaret Vaughan, is a British nurse. She is best known for receiving the George Cross for an act of bravery when she was only 14 years old. She is the only living woman who has been recognized with this honour.

paragraphs: Margaret Vaughan was born in Cardiff, Wales. Her father James Boswell Vaughan was Chief Superitendent of Cardiff City Police and her mother was Dorothy May Vaughan (nee Powditch)

paragraphs: In 1949, Vaughan was awarded the Albert Medal because she saved a Boy Scout and his leader from a rough sea off the coast of Cardiff. The Albert Medal is now replaced with the George Cross. In 1974 the Albert medal was exchanged before the Queen at Buckingham Palace.

paragraphs: Notice of the award was published in the "London Gazette" on 1 November 1949. She became one of the few living s of the Albert Medal.

paragraphs: When she married, she changed her name to Purves. She married John Watt Purves, Captain in REME. They met while she was a

paragraphs: Serving nurse in the QA's in Hanover, Germany. Margaret served

paragraphs: With the QA's in Nairobi and Mauritius prior to this having trained at the Royal London Hospital. She had 3 children. Alison Fiona(1962) Rebecca (1963) and James (1965)

paragraphs: Margaret Purves was an Army nurse serving as an officer in the Queen Alexandra Royal Nusing Corps. After meeting Capt. John Watt Purves in a hospital bed in Hanover -

paragraphs: Due to a broken rib after a rugby match -

paragraphs: Within 6 months at Llandaff Cathedral and Cardiff Castle.

paragraphs: She lived in Singapore. Canada, UK , Belgium and Germany while he was husband served in the British Army. Whilst in the UK she was the editor of The Craftsman magazine,

paragraphs: Purves' George Cross was given because of an act of bravery when she was a young girl.

paragraphs: She received his decoration from King George VI at Buckingham Palace. The words of her citation explain:

paragraphs: On May 28th, 1949, a party of Scouts, aged between 11 and 15 years, visiting Sully Island were cut off by the rising tide from a causeway which led to the mainland. Most of the boys got safely across, but two of them were forced off the causeway by the strong tide. The leader of the party returned to help the elder boy but in the struggle he too became exhausted. Margaret Vaughan (aged 14 years) saw from the beach the difficulties they were in. She undressed and swam towards them over a distance of some 30 yards in cold, rough water and against strong currents due to the rising tide. On reaching them she towed the boy to the shore while he supported himself by grasping the straps of her costume and his leader's coat. At about ten feet from the shore a life belt was thrown in which the boy was placed by the other two and the three reached the shore safely. Margaret Vaughan's action probably saved the life of the Scout leader as well as that of the elder boy.

paragraphs: Meanwhile, John Howard Davies (aged 13 years) had safely reached the mainland when he saw that his friend, who was unable to swim, was being forced away from the causeway into deep water. He stripped to the waist and went back along the causeway to help him. By swimming out he was able to grasp his friend, and hold him up in the water. Both boys shouted for help and it was obvious that they would not get ashore unaided. By this time a rescue boat had put out from the shore but Davies became exhausted by his efforts and before the boat could reach them he was forced to release his hold on his friend and they drifted apart. The boat rescued the friend but no further sign of Davies was seen. His body was subsequently recovered. There is no doubt that in returning to the aid of his friend after he himself had reached safety Davies gave his life in this rescue attempt.


title: 1952 United States presidential election

paragraphs: This election was between Governor of Illinois Adlai Stevenson and General Dwight D. Eisenhower. Eisenhower won the election by 442 electoral votes. Adlai Stevenson got only 89 electoral votes.

paragraphs: Incumbent President Harry S. Truman was eligible to run again because the newly passed 22nd amendment did not apply to the incumbent president at that time. Truman chose not to run, so the Democratic Party nominated Adlai Stevenson.

paragraphs: Eisenhower was 62 when he won the election. This was the first time an older candidate was elected since James Buchanan was elected in 1856 at 65, something that wouldn't happen again until 69-year old Ronald Reagan won the 1980 election.

paragraphs: Barkley was 74 years old and not accepted by labor union leaders because of his age.

paragraphs: Truman's running mate was going to be Senator Estes Kefauver, but he did not choose to run in the election. Truman's presidential disapproval rating was 66% at the end of his presidential term.

paragraphs: Election results in these states were less than or ten percentage points. Colors represent the winning party, using the present-day convention in which red indicates Republican and blue indicates Democrat.


title: Bill Apiata

paragraphs: Bill Henry "Willie" Apiata VC (born 28 June 1972-  ) is a New Zealand soldier. He is best known for receiving the Victoria Cross because of his actions in the war in Afghanistan.

paragraphs: Apiata was born in Mangakino, New Zealand. He is Maori

paragraphs: Apiata was a soldier in the New Zealand Special Air Service (NZSAS). For his actions in July 2004, Apiata became the first New Zealand soldier to be awarded the Victoria Cross since World War II. He is the 22nd New Zealander to receive the honour since 1856. He is the first to be conferred with the Victoria Cross for New Zealand which was established in 1999.

paragraphs: He became one of the very few living holders of the Victoria Cross.

paragraphs: Apiata's Victoria Cross recognized his conduct in fighting in Afghanistan.

paragraphs: In a 2004 firefight, a grenade explosion blew Apiata off the bonnet of his vehicle. At the same time, two other soldiers were wounded by shrapnel. Apiata carried the more seriously wounded solder to safety. Then he rejoined the fighting.

paragraphs: In total disregard of his own safety, Lance Corporal Apiata stood up and lifted his comrade bodily. He then carried him across the seventy metres of broken, rocky and fire swept ground, fully exposed in the glare of battle to heavy enemy fire and into the face of returning fire from the main Troop position. That neither he nor his colleague were hit is scarcely possible. Having delivered his wounded companion to relative shelter with the remainder of the patrol, Lance Corporal Apiata re-armed himself and rejoined the fight in counter-attack.


title: Jean-Claude Van Damme

paragraphs: Jean-Claude Van Damme (Jean-Claude Camille François Van Varenberg, born 18 October 1960) is an Belgian martial artist, actor, and director. Nicknamed "The Muscles from Brussels", he is very well known for his action films.

paragraphs: He is known for his roles in "The Expendables 2", "JCVD", "Bloodsport", "Kickboxer", "Hard Target", "Timecop", "Sudden Death", "Universal Soldier", "Cyborg" and in "Universal Soldier Day of Reckoning".

paragraphs: Van Damme was born on October 18, 1960 in Berchem-Sainte-Agathe, Brussels, Belgium. He was married to Maria Rodriguez from 1980 until they divorced in 1984. Then he was married to Cynthia Derderian from 1985 until they divorced in 1986. Then he was married to Darcy LaPier from 1994 until they divorced in 1997. Then he was married to Gladys Portugues from 1987 until they divorced in 1992 then remarried in 1999. He has three children. He lives in Los Angeles, California. Van Damme has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder.


title: United Liberation Front of Assam

paragraphs: The United Liberation Front of Assam is a separatist group from Assam, among many other such groups in North-east India. It seeks to establish a sovereign Assam via an armed struggle in the Assam conflict.


title: Tamil Nadu Liberation Army

paragraphs: The Tamil Nadu Liberation Army (TNLA) is a small militant separatist movement in Tamil Nadu. It seeks an independent nation for the Tamil people. It began about 1985 as the military part of the Tamil Nadu Communist Party Marxist-Lenisist. It began a campaign of murders and bombings which it said were aimed at enemies of the people. They always put up posters to explain their reasons for these attacks. The leader of the group, Thamizharasan, was killed when he and a small group tried to rob a bank in Ponparappi.

paragraphs: Their next leader, known as Lenin, increased the number of members in the group. They began to bomb police stations and steal police weapons. Lenin was killed when one of his bombs exploded while being taken to an attack on a police station in 1994. The group took a movie actor, Dr. Rajkumar, prisoner in July 2000.

paragraphs: The TNLA is believed to get support from the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam. The TNLA was listed as a terrorist organization in 2002 by the government of Tamil Nadu. The TNLA has said it wants a Greater Tamil Homeland which would include all of Tamil Nadu, the Laccadive Islands, Minicoy Island, the 'Tamil Eelam' in Sri Lanka, the Maldives, Malaysia, Singapore, and Mauritius.


title: John Sparkman

paragraphs: John Jackson Sparkman (December 20, 1899 - November 16, 1985) was an American politician from Alabama. He ran in the 1952 United States Presidential election.


title: Dolph Lundgren

paragraphs: Dolph Lundgren (born Hans Lundgren on November 3, 1957) is a Swedish actor, martial artists, and director who is known for his roles in "Universal Soldier", "Universal Soldier Day of Reckoning", "Rocky IV", "The Expendables", "The Expendables 2" and in "The Expendables 3". He is notable for playing the Soviet boxer Ivan Drago in Rocky film.

paragraphs: Lundgren will appear as King Nereus in the upcoming DC Comics-Warner Bros. movie "Aquaman" (2018).

paragraphs: Lundgren was born on November 3, 1957 in Spånga, Stockholm, Sweden. He studied at Washington State University and at Clemson University. Lundgren was married to Annette Qviberg from 1994 until they separated in 2011. They have 2 daughters. Lundgren currently resides in Los Angeles, California.

paragraphs: ! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Notes

paragraphs: ! scope=row| "Legendary: Tomb of the Dragon"

paragraphs: ! scope=row| "The Good, the Bad, and the Dead"


title: Estes Kefauver

paragraphs: Carey Estes Kefauver (July 26, 1903 – August 10, 1963) was an American politician from Tennessee. He was the Vice Presidential running mate in the 1952 election.

paragraphs: Kefauver was born in Madisonville, Tennessee, to Robert Cooke Kefauver and Phredonia Bradford (née Estes). Robert Kefauver was a hardware manager. Estes attended the University of Tennessee from 1922 to 1924, receiving a Bachelor of Arts degree and being initiated into the Kappa Sigma Fraternity. After a year of teaching mathematics and coaching football at a Hot Springs, Arkansas, high school, he attended Yale Law School, where he received a LL.B. "cum laude" in 1927. The next twelve years Kefauver practiced law in Chattanooga, first with the firm of Cooke, Swaney & Cooke, as a partner in Sizer, Chambliss & Kefauver, and later in the firm of Duggan, McDonald, & Kefauver. In 1935 he married Nancy Pigott, who is from Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom, whom he had met during her visit to relatives in Chattanooga, Tennessee. They had four children, one of them was adopted. Mrs. Kefauver died in 1967.

paragraphs: He was aroused by his role as attorney for the "Chattanooga News", Kefauver became interested in local politics and sought election to the Tennessee Senate in 1938. He lost but in 1939 spent two months as Finance and Taxation Commissioner under the newly-elected governor Prentice Cooper. When Congressman Sam D. McReynolds of Tennessee's 3rd district, which included Chattanooga, died in 1939, Kefauver was elected to succeed him in the House.