title: Jesse Klaver

paragraphs: Jesse Feras Klaver (born May 1, 1986 in Roosendaal) is a Dutch politician of GreenLeft (GL). He has been political leader since 2015.

paragraphs: He has been a member of the Second Chamber since 2010 and parliamentary leader since 2015. Previously he was chair of CNV Youth and a member of the Social-Economic Council.

paragraphs: Klaver is partly of Moroccan and Indonesian descent.


title: Ontological argument

paragraphs: The ontological argument is an idea in religious philosophy. It is supposed to show that God exists.

paragraphs: There are different versions, but they all argue something like: because we can imagine a perfect being, there must be a god. The idea is that existing makes a good thing better than one that's only imaginary. So the perfect thing we're imagining must exist. Then we call the perfect thing God. The earliest objection was that an argument like that could prove wrong things. You could prove that a perfect island must exist, for example. But no real island is perfect.

paragraphs: Because it starts with imagination, not what you can see or experience, this is a kind of "a priori" reasoning. David Hume didn't like that way of thinking. He believed that knowledge had to come from experience and called everything else "nothing but sophistry and illusion".

paragraphs: Other versions of the argument start with the idea of the universe, and from that argue that there must be a god.


title: Lodewijk Asscher

paragraphs: Lodewijk Frans Asscher (born September 27, 1974 in Amsterdam) is a Dutch politician of the Labour Party (PvdA). He has been political leader since December 2016, and also parliamentary leader since March 2017.

paragraphs: Asscher was a government minister and also deputy prime minister in the Second Rutte cabinet from 2012 to 2017. Previously he was an alderman of Amsterdam. As an alderman he was fighting sexual slavery and criminal companies.

paragraphs: He studied law at the University of Amsterdam (including a PhD) and is a former academic at the same university. He is partly of Jewish descent (his father is Jewish). He adheres Reform Judaism.

paragraphs: Lodewijk Asscher is married with three children.


title: André Jagendorf

paragraphs: André Tridon Jagendorf (October 21, 1926 – March 13, 2017) was an American plant biologist and educator. He was a Liberty Hyde Bailey Professor Emeritus in the Section of Plant Biology at Cornell University. He was known for providing direct evidence that chloroplasts synthesize adenosine triphosphate (ATP) using the chemiosmotic mechanism proposed by Peter Mitchell.

paragraphs: Jagendorf was born in New York City on October 21, 1926. He studied at Cornell University, at Yale University and at the University of California, Los Angeles. Jagendorf died in Ithaca, New York from a heart attack on March 13, 2017, aged 90.


title: Len Mitzel

paragraphs: Leonard Mitzel (1945 – March 19, 2017) was a Canadian politician. He was a former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta representing the constituency of Cypress-Medicine Hat as a Progressive Conservative serving from November 22, 2004 through April 23, 2012.

paragraphs: Mitzel was born in Lethbridge, Alberta in 1945. He and his wife, June Cole Mitzel, lived in Etzikom, Alberta. They had two children. Mitzel died on March 19, 2017 in Medicine Hat, Alberta from pancreatic cancer, aged 71.


title: Chandler Robbins

paragraphs: Chandler Seymour Robbins (July 17, 1918 – March 20, 2017) was an American ornithologist. He was known for his works to the field include co-authorship of an influential field guide to birds, as well as organizing the North American Breeding Bird Survey.

paragraphs: Robbins was born in Belmont, Massachusetts. He was raised in Washington, D.C.. He studied at Harvard University and at George Washington University. Robbins died at his home in Laurel, Maryland on March 20, 2017 from respiratory failure, aged 98.


title: Gas operation (firearms)

paragraphs: Gas-operation is a system of operation used to provide energy to operate autoloading firearms. In gas operation, a portion of high-pressure gas from the cartridge being fired is used to power a mechanism to extract the spent case and insert a new cartridge into the chamber. Energy from the gas is harnessed through either a port in the barrel or a trap at the muzzle. This high-pressure gas impinges on a surface such as a piston head to provide motion for unlocking of the action, extraction of the spent case, ejection, cocking of the hammer or striker, chambering of a fresh cartridge, and locking of the action.

paragraphs: Direct impingement is a form of gas operation that does away with the piston completely. The bolt is designed in such a way so that the gas acts directly upon the bolt (hence the name) to cycle the action.


title: FN Herstal

paragraphs: Fabrique Nationale de Herstal, more often abbreviated as Fabrique Nationale or simply FN, is a Belgian manufacturer of firearms. The company often market themselves under the name FN Herstal and, at present, own (in effect) both the Winchester Repeating Arms Company and Browning. In 1898 the company entered into a long lasting relationship with John Moses Browning, a well-known firearms designer.


title: Henri Emmanuelli

paragraphs: Henri Emmanuelli (31 May 1945 – 21 March 2017) was a French socialist politician.

paragraphs: Emmanuelli was a member of the French Socialist Party. He has been deputy for Landes from 1978 to 1981, from 1986 to 1997 and from 2000 until his death in 2017. He served as President of the French National Assembly from 22 January 1992 through 1 April 1993. He later served as First Secretary of the French Socialist Party from 19 June 1994 through 14 October 1995.

paragraphs: Emmanuelli was a strong supporter of French president François Mitterrand during his political career despite being a Socialist.

paragraphs: Emmanuelli was born in Eaux-Bonnes, Pyrénées-Atlantiques. He studied at Sciences Po in Paris. He joined in 1969 the Compagnie Financière Edmond de Rothschild.

paragraphs: Emmanuelli died on 21 March 2017 at a medical center in Bayonne, Pyrénées-Atlantiques from complications of acute bronchitis at the age of 71.


title: USAS-12

paragraphs: The USAS-12 (Universal Sports Automatic Shotgun 12-gauge) is a fully automatic gas operated shotgun made by the South Korean-based company Daewoo.

paragraphs: The USAS-12 is a gas-operated, select-fire weapon which is designed to provide sustained firepower in close quarter combat scenarios. It accepts detachable 10-round box magazines or 20-round drum magazines. Both types of magazine are made of polymer, and drum magazines have their rear side made from translucent polymer to tell of the number of shot shells left. It has an effective range of 40 m.


title: Pancor Jackhammer

paragraphs: The Pancor Jackhammer is a fully automatic, rotary magazine, 12 gauge shotgun. Designed in 1984 by John Anderson, and patented in 1987. The concept of a fully automatic shotgun has not taken hold with the military, or with law enforcement, due to the difficulty of controlling such a weapon. Only three prototypes were constructed, with two of the three exploding during testing; only one survives today, in the hands of a private collector. However, the shotgun's futuristic appearance has made it popular in action movies and video games.


title: Amyloidosis

paragraphs: Amyloidosis is a rare and serious disease that could be fatal that is caused by accumulation of proteins in the form of abnormal, insoluble fibres, known as amyloid fibrils, within the tissues of the body.

paragraphs: Amyloid deposits can be confined to only one part of the body or a single organ system in 'local amyloidosis' or they can be widely distributed in organs and tissues throughout the body in 'systemic amyloidosis'. The symptoms of amyloidosis are accordingly highly variable and confirmation of the presence of amyloid in the tissues can be challenging, so that diagnosis is often delayed.

paragraphs: There are many different types of amyloidosis, each caused by formation of amyloid fibrils from different soluble precursor proteins in different patients. About 30 different proteins are known to form amyloid fibrils in humans and amyloidosis is named and classified according to the identity of the respective fibril protein.

paragraphs: Though this disease being rare, many famous people have died from this disease such as: Martin McGuinness, David Lange, Robert Jordan and Robert P. Casey.


title: Open bolt

paragraphs: A semi or fully automatic firearm is said to fire from an open bolt if, when ready to fire, the bolt and working parts are held to the rear. When the trigger is pulled the bolt goes forward, feeding a round from the magazine into the chamber and firing it. Like any other self-loading design without an external power supply, the action is cycled by the energy of the shot; this sends the bolt back to the rear, ejecting the empty cartridge case and preparing for the next shot (or continuing forward again, if the trigger is held down and the weapon is an automatic). Generally, an open-bolt firing cycle is used for fully automatic weapons and not for semi-automatic weapons (except some semi-automatic conversions of automatic designs). Firearms using Advanced Primer Ignition blowback inherently fire from open bolt only.


title: Owen submachine gun

paragraphs: The Owen was an Australian 9mm submachine gun used in WW2. It was used by Australian soldiers who favoured it in jungle combat. Although used predominantly in the far east, it was considered the best submachine gun of WW2 as it was simple, rugged, had an ergonomic layout and had a compensator to increase accuracy when firing.


title: Leader Dynamics T2MK5

paragraphs: The Leader T2 MK5 Series weapons were chambered for the 5.56×45mm NATO cartridge and manufactured by Leader Dynamics of Smithfield, NSW, Australia (1978-1982/1983). The Leader was the brainchild of weapons designer Charles St. George. It was originally a contender for a 5.56 mm Australian military service rifle to replace the then-issued Lithgow L1A1-F1 SLR and Colt M16A1 rifles. What was unique about this endeavor was that Australia had never designed or manufactured its own commercial gas-operated semi-automatic rifle. The rifle was abandoned when the Steyr AUG was adopted for use by the Australian military.

paragraphs: Of interest to those that study weapons, designs and evolution, the T2 used a triangular bolt-face that was similar to the Winchester Model 100. This was adopted because the original bolt-face was too complex and expensive to manufacture. In a case of parallel development, Barrett Firearms uses a similar design for the M82A1 and its bolt action guns. St. George worked for Barrett at around this time but was not involved in design or engineering duties.


title: Edith Thompson and Frederick Bywaters

paragraphs: Edith Jessie Thompson (25 December 1893 – 9 January 1923) and Frederick Edward Francis Bywaters (27 June 1902 – 9 January 1923) were a British couple executed for the murder of Thompson's husband Percy. Their case became a "cause célèbre".


title: Autoroute Info

paragraphs: Autoroute Info is a radio station in France serving central-eastern and Rhône-Alpes motorways, broadcasting in 107.7 MHz since 10/1991. It serves the entire APRR, AREA, ATMB, SFTRF, Adelac and some of Granoble with 2.500km of motorways. It has two studios: Dijon and Chambéry.

paragraphs: The station has 100 staff, with 27 permanent journalists, including 11 work on the air.

paragraphs: Every quarter-hour, a traffic round-up is broadcast, featuring latest conditions, updated continuously, with the possibility to break its programming to alert listeners about an accident, or a severe weather event.

paragraphs: In the rest of the schedule, Autoroute Info broadcasts some short segments related to listeners (like sports, highways, safety, tourism...) and a very unique music playlist (300 songs per day). The station also carries news flash at :15 and :45 every hour from the country's all news station France Info.


title: Gert-Jan Segers

paragraphs: Gert-Jan Maarten Segers (born July 9, 1969 in Lisse) is a Dutch writer and politician of the ChristianUnion (CU). He has been political leader since 2015.

paragraphs: He has been a member of the Second Chamber since 2012 and a parliamentary leader since 2015.

paragraphs: Segers studied political science at Leiden University. He worked as an assistant to the RPF parliamentary group and briefly as a radio journalist at the Dutch Evangelical Broadcasting (EO). Successively he was a missionary in Egypt for seven years, whereafter he obtained a masters in Western-Islam relations and the Middle East at the Johns Hopkins University. Afterwards he headed the scientific institute of the ChristianUnion.

paragraphs: Segers has written several novels and non-fiction books, and is also a columnist of the Dutch Protestant newspaper Nederlands Dagblad.


title: Fleur Agema

paragraphs: Marie-Fleur "Fleur" Agema (born 16 September 1976 in Purmerend) is a Dutch politician of the Party for Freedom (PVV).

paragraphs: She has been a member of the Second Chamber since 2006.

paragraphs: From 2003 to 2007 she was a member of the Provincial States of North Holland for the Pim Fortuyn List (LPF) and the Agema Group.


title: Midas

paragraphs: In classical mythology, Midas is a king of Phrygia. He is supposed to have the power of changing anything he touched into gold. This is the origin of the phrase "the Midas touch".


title: Marianne Thieme

paragraphs: Marianne Louise Thieme (born March 6, 1972 in Ede) is a Dutch animal rights activist and writer, and also a former politician of the Party for the Animals (PvdD). She is co-founder of the party, and was political leader from 2002 till 2019.

paragraphs: She was a member of the Second Chamber and also parliamentary leader from 2006 till 2019. Previously she was party chair from 2002 to 2010.

paragraphs: Thieme studied law at Erasmus University Rotterdam. She is a member of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, and a vegetarian.


title: Holinshed's Chronicles

paragraphs: Holinshed's Chronicles, also known as Holinshed's Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland, is a collaborative work published in several volumes and two editions, the first in 1577, and the second in 1587. It was a large, comprehensive description of British History

paragraphs: In 1548 Reginald Wolfe, a London printer, conceived the idea of creating a "Universal Cosmography of the whole world, and there with also certain particular histories of every known nation." He wanted the work to be printed in English and he wanted maps and illustrations in the book as well.


title: August Englas

paragraphs: August Englas (; January 15, 1925 – March 21, 2017) was an Estonian wrestler. He competed for the Soviet Union.

paragraphs: In the 1952 Summer Olympics, after defeating Adil Atan, Shirang Vithoba Jadav and Max Leichter, and losing against Henry Wittenberg and Viking Palm, he took fourth place. He won the gold medal at the 1953 and 1954 World Championship.

paragraphs: Englas died on March 21, 2017 in Tallinn at the age of 92.


title: Sven-Erik Magnusson

paragraphs: Knut Sven-Erik Magnusson (13 October 1942 – 22 March 2017) was a Swedish singer and musician. He was known for being the lead singer of the danceband Sven-Ingvars. The band had its last tour during the summer of 2016 with their last show on 21 August in Blekinge. He was born in Slottsbron, Sweden.

paragraphs: Magnusson died on 22 March 2017 of prostate cancer in Karlstad, Sweden, aged 74.


title: Dallas Green (baseball)

paragraphs: George Dallas Green (August 4, 1934 – March 22, 2017) was an American pitcher, manager, and executive in Major League Baseball.

paragraphs: After playing for the Philadelphia Phillies and two other teams (Washington Senators and the New York Mets), he went on to manage the Phillies, the New York Yankees, and the New York Mets. He managed the Phillies when they won their first World Series title in 1980 over the Kansas City Royals.

paragraphs: Green had a losing record both as a pitcher and as a manager. Nonetheless, in 1983, he was inducted into the Delaware Sports Museum and Hall of Fame.

paragraphs: Green was born in Newport, Delaware. He studied at the University of Delaware. Green died at a hospital in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on March 22, 2017 from kidney failure and pneumonia, aged 82.


title: Pete Hamilton

paragraphs: Peter "Pete" Hamilton (July 20, 1942 – March 21, 2017) was an American NASCAR racer. He was born in Dedham, Massachusetts. He won four times in his career (including the 1970 Daytona 500), three times driving for Petty Enterprises.

paragraphs: Hamilton died in Boston, Massachusetts on March 21, 2017, aged 74.


title: Lembit Ulfsak

paragraphs: Lembit Ulfsak (4 July 1947 – 22 March 2017) was a Estonian stage and movie actor.

paragraphs: Ulfsak starred in the 2014 movie "Tangerines". He was nominated for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 87th Academy Awards. It was also among the five nominated movie at the 72nd Golden Globe Awards for best foreign language movie.

paragraphs: Ulfsak died on 22 March 2017 in Tallinn at the age of 69.


title: Morgana King

paragraphs: Morgana King (June 4, 1930 – March 22, 2018) was an American jazz singer and actress. Her best known role was that of Carmela Corleone in "The Godfather" (1972) and "The Godfather Part II" (1974).

paragraphs: King was born in Pleasantville, New York. She was raised in New York City. King died, aged 87, of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in Palm Springs, California, on March 22, 2018.


title: 2017 Westminster attack

paragraphs: The 2017 Westminster attack was a terrorist attack which happened on 22 March in London, England. The attack took place on Westminster Bridge, in Parliament Square and within the grounds of the Palace of Westminster.

paragraphs: A Hyundai vehicle was driven into a crowd of people near the palace gates, and the attacker stabbed a police officer, who later died due to his injuries. Five people—including pedestrians on the bridge, the stabbed police officer and the attacker—were confirmed dead.

paragraphs: It was the first and largest major attack to occur in London since the 7 July 2005 London bombings. The motivation was suspected to be linked to Islamic terrorism.

paragraphs: The attacker was identified by the Metropolitan Police as 52-year-old Briton Khalid Masood. Born Adrian Russell Elms, possibly later changed to Adrian Russell Ajao.

paragraphs: Local media report that in 2009 he underwent

paragraphs: conversion to Islam while in prison, after which he changed his name to Khalid Masood. Police said he also used several other aliases, including Khalid Choudry. Masood was born in Kent and detectives believe he was most recently living in the West Midlands. Masood was reported to have been an English teacher or tutor in Saudi Arabia sometime between 2005 and 2009. Then he returned to the United Kingdom and worked as a teacher of English as a second language in Luton.

paragraphs: Masood had been previously investigated by MI5, but Scotland Yard said that he was not the subject of any current investigations. There was no prior intelligence about his intent to mount a terrorist attack. He had a range of previous convictions for assaults, including grievous bodily harm, possession of offensive weapons and public order offences going back to 1983. He had not been convicted of any terrorism offences. Pictures of Masood being treated by medics were shown by some news outlets.


title: Lemon & Paeroa

paragraphs: Lemon & Paeroa (L&P) is the name of a soft drink from New Zealand. It was first made in 1907 and today is owned and made by the Coca-Cola Company. The ingredients in it are lemon juice and mineral water.


title: Pennsylvania Station (New York City)

paragraphs: Pennsylvania Station (also called Penn Station) is a large train station in New York City. It is the busiest train station in the United States with over 600 thousand people using it every day, many of which are commuters travelling to and from work or school. The station is in Midtown Manhattan and is underneath Madison Square Garden, between Seventh Avenue and Eighth Avenue and between 31st Street and 34th Street.

paragraphs: The station was built by the Pennsylvania Railroad and is one of several stations in the U.S. with this name. Until the beginning of the 20th century, there were no trains that went directly into New York City from the west, because of the Hudson River in the way. People had to get off trains in Jersey City, New Jersey and take a ferry to cross the river and reach New York City.

paragraphs: This all changed when the Pennsylvania Railroad dug two tunnels under the Hudson River, and four under the East River to Queens. The tunnels and the new station in the heart of New York City were completed in 1910 at a cost of $114 million (which is about $2.7 billion today), and the first train ran in November of that year.

paragraphs: Over the years, more railroad companies began to use Penn Station. During World War II, over 100 million people used the station every year. But as air travel began to rise and the Interstate Highway System was created, fewer and fewer people used the train. In 1963, the station was torn apart and a new one was built in its place, with Penn Plaza and Madison Square Garden built over it. The station reopened in 1968 and continues to be used today.

paragraphs: Penn Station is completely underground, and all trains that run through it have to use electric power from either overhead lines or third rail because the station and the tunnels to it cannot handle exhaust from diesel fuel. There are 21 tracks that run through the station and 11 platforms. Up to 1,200 trains pass through the station every day.

paragraphs: The station is owned by Amtrak, which provides many trains to many cities across the U.S. They include long-distance services that go as far as Chicago, New Orleans, and Miami. From those cities, people can change for trains all the way to cities on the Pacific Coast like Seattle, Los Angeles, and San Diego. Amtrak also has high-speed trains (Acela Express) that go to Boston, Philadelphia, and Washington, D.C.

paragraphs: There are two commuter rail services that use Penn Station. One of them is the Long Island Rail Road operated by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA), which goes to many places on Long Island to the east. The other is New Jersey Transit, which runs trains into New Jersey to the west. In the future, there are plans for Metro-North to serve this station as well. These trains currently use Grand Central Terminal a few blocks away, near 42nd Street and Park Avenue.

paragraphs: Besides long-distance and commuter trains, the New York City Subway has a few stations that connect directly to Penn Station. These are located at 34th Street, Herald Square, and Hudson Yards. Another rapid transit system, PATH, has a station at 33rd Street where people can catch trains every few minutes to Jersey City and on to Newark. Many bus companies serve the station as well.


title: Fresquel

paragraphs: The Fresquel is a river in southern France, a left tributary of the Aude river. The river flows mainly through the French department of Aude.

paragraphs: The Fresquel river has a length of and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .

paragraphs: Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is at Carcassonne in the Aude department.

paragraphs: Average monthly discharge (m/s) at Carcassonne

paragraphs: The Fresquel river starts at the northwest of the Aude department, in the "commune" of Baraigne, at an elevation of about .

paragraphs: It flows, first, to the west to the Haute-Garonne department and then to the north where it gets again into the Aude department near Seuil de Naurouze and then to the east. Finally, it joins the Aude river as a left tributary, at an elevation of about at Carcassonne.

paragraphs: The Fresquel passes through 1 region (Occitanie), 2 departments and 24 "communes"; some of the "communes" are:

paragraphs: The main tributaries of the Fresquel river are:


title: Al D'Amato

paragraphs: Alfonse Marcello "Al" D'Amato (born August 1, 1937) is an American lawyer and former New York politician. He was a Republican. He served as United States Senator from New York from 1981 to 1999. He later founded a lobbying firm, Park Strategies.

paragraphs: Since he left office in 1999, New York has not elected another Republican to the U.S. Senate.


title: Henk Krol

paragraphs: Henricus Cornelis Maria "Henk" Krol (born April 1, 1950 in Tilburg) is a Dutch politician, previously of 50PLUS (50+) but since May 3, 2020 of the Party for the Future. He was political leader from 2012 to 2013 and has been again since 2016. He is gay and a LGBT rights activist. He is also a former journalist and businessman.

paragraphs: He was a member and parliamentary leader of the Second Chamber from 2012 to 2013, and has been both again since 2014. Previously he was a member of the Provincial States of North Brabant and councillor of the municipality of Eindhoven.

paragraphs: Krol studied at the Free University Amsterdam. He was spokesman of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) parliamentary group from 1978 to 1985. Meanwhile, in 1979, he founded the LGBT newspaper Gay Krant, for which he also worked as a journalist.

paragraphs: He was also owner of the Best Publishing Group (publishing company of the Gay Krant) and online sex shop Gaytel, which went bankrupt in 2013.


title: Alia Bhatt

paragraphs: Alia Bhatt (born on 15 March 1993) is an British movie actress who appears in Bollywood films. She is regarded as one of the most successful Bollywood Actress. She started her career through a Karan Johar's romantic-drama-comedy Student of the Year alongside Siddarth Malhotra and Varun Dhawan in 2012 for which she gained a Filmfare award for Best Debut Female nomination. She was listed in "Forbes 30 Under 30" List in 2017 and is regarded as one of the highest paid actresses of Indian Cinema.

paragraphs: She is recipient of several awards and nominations including two Filmfare awards. She proved her acting mattle through her second movie which was a road drama directed by Imtiaz Ali called Highway in 2014. Through the movie, she earned her first ever Filmfare Award as the Best actress-critics She became the youngest winner ever in this category.

paragraphs: The year proved to be a great success as she followed it with two commercially successful romantic dramas 2 States and Humpty Sharma Ki Dhulania both of which proved to be great success at box office. She received several nominations in the best actress category for Highway and 2 States.

paragraphs: In 2015, she acted alongside Shahid Kapoor in Vikas Behal's Shaandaar. It proved to be a commercial as well as critical failure.

paragraphs: 2016 year proved to be the year of ALIA as she got three releases all of which were commercial as well as critical successes. She earned two filters nominations for best actress that year. She received awards in portraying a supporting character in film Kapoor and Sons, a drug addict from Bihar in Udta Punjab and a free spirited girl next door in Dear Zindagi. She received the Filmfare for Best Actress for Udta Punjab.

paragraphs: In 2017 she appeared opposite Varun Dhawan in Badrinath ki Dhulania which also was a critical and commercial success for Bhatt establishing her to be one of the leading actresses of Hindi Cinema. In 2018, was seen in Meghana Gulzaar's thriller Raazi.

paragraphs: She has also committed to star opposite Ranbir Kapoor in Ayaan Mukherji's Brahmāstra and Zoya Akhtar's Gully Boy, acting alongside Ranveer Singh.

paragraphs: In addition to acting in films, Bhatt is celebrity endorser of several brands and products. She is seen performing in various stage shows and award shows and has also sung many of her songs in films as a playback singer.


title: Kees van der Staaij

paragraphs: Cornelis Gerrit "Kees" van der Staaij (born September 12, 1968 in Vlaardingen) is a Dutch politician of the Reformed Political Party (SGP). He has been political leader since 2010.

paragraphs: He has been a member of the Second Chamber since 1998 and parliamentary leader since 2010.

paragraphs: Van der Staaij studied law at Leiden University and worked at the Council of State.

paragraphs: He has written some books on the Christian faith and politics. He is a Reformed Christian, and a strong supporter of Biblical values.


title: Sara Li

paragraphs: Sara Li (born "Sara Linnea Larsson"; 30 March 1988 in Ystad) is a Swedish singer. Sara Li was a member of the popgroup Sheelah (originally known as Caracola) from 2009 to 2010, and she participated in Melodifestivalen in the year of 2012 along with Björn Ranelid with the song "Mirakel". They reached the final of Melodifestivalen from the semifinal which took place on 12 February 2012 in leksand, the semifinal was broadcast on Sveriges Television. In the final in Globen Arena their song placed 10th receiving the sixth highest televote result. The same year she participated in television singing show Så ska det låta, teaming up with singer Patrik Isaksson.

paragraphs: In October 2016 Sara Li gave birth to a baby girl called Meia.


title: Ronnie Moran

paragraphs: Ronnie Moran (28 February 1934 – 22 March 2017) was an English footballer and manager. He played for Liverpool as a left back between 1952 and 1968. He was a member of Liverpool's coaching staff and Anfield's "Boot Room". He later managed the club as a caretaker during the early 1990s. He retired in 1998, winning over forty trophies with the Reds.

paragraphs: Moran was born in Liverpool. He had a son, Paul. A book, "Mr Liverpool", about Moran's life was released in 2017.

paragraphs: Moran was diagnosed with vascular dementia in 2012. He died on 22 March 2017 in Southport, at the age of 83.


title: Tunahan Kuzu

paragraphs: Tunahan Kuzu (born June 1, 1981 in Istanbul) is a Dutch politician of DENK. He was political leader from 2015 till 2020.

paragraphs: He has been a member of the Second Chamber since 2012 and parliamentary leader from 2014 till 2020. Previously he was a councillor of the municipality of Rotterdam.

paragraphs: Kuzu was a member of the Labour Party but left the party in 2014, together with fellow parliamentarian Selçuk Öztürk. Both founded the political party of DENK in 2015. By creating this party they wanted to support the interests of non-Western citizens.

paragraphs: He studied public administration at Erasmus University Rotterdam and worked as a health care specialist at the consulting firm of PricewaterhouseCoopers.


title: Thierry Baudet

paragraphs: Thierry Henri Philippe Baudet (born January 28, 1983 in Heemstede) is a Dutch political activist and a politician of the Forum for Democracy (FvD). He has been political leader since 2016.

paragraphs: He has been a member of the Second Chamber and parliamentary leader since 2017. Previously he was party chair.

paragraphs: Baudet studied law and history at the University of Amsterdam. He got his PhD at Leiden University and worked at the same university. He also had a column in Dutch newspaper NRC Handelsblad.

paragraphs: He is very negative about the European Union and has written several books on this topic.

paragraphs: Baudet with his Forum for Democracy was one of the people behind the referendum against a treaty of the European Union with Ukraine in 2016. Although the majority of the voters were against this treaty, the referendum had no results in the end.


title: Lèze

paragraphs: The Lèze is a river in southern France, a left tributary of the Ariège river. The river flows through the French departments of Ariège and Haute-Garonne.

paragraphs: The Lèze river has a length of and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .

paragraphs: Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is at Labarthe-sur-Lèze in the Haute-Garonne department.

paragraphs: Average monthly discharge (m/s) at Labarthe-sur-Lèze

paragraphs: The Lèze river starts in the Pyrenees mountain range in the southwest of the Ariège department, in the "commune" of La Bastide-de-Sérou, at an elevation of about .

paragraphs: It flows, in general, to the north and, after , it joins the Ariège river as a left tributary, at an elevation of about at Clermont-le-Fort.

paragraphs: The Lèze passes through 1 region (Occitanie), 2 departments and 20 "communes"; some of the "communes" are:

paragraphs: The main tributary of the Lèze river is the "Latou", that is long.


title: Joop den Uyl

paragraphs: Johannes Marten "Joop" den Uyl (born August 9, 1919 in Hilversum - December 24, 1987 in Amsterdam) was a Dutch politician of the Labour Party (PvdA).

paragraphs: Den Uyl was Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 1973 to 1977, the so-called Den Uyl cabinet.

paragraphs: He was als a member of the Second Chamber, an alderman of Amsterdam, and a government minister.

paragraphs: He studied economics at the University of Amsterdam.

paragraphs: Although raised a Reformed Christian, he turned agnostic.


title: Edward Joseph McManus

paragraphs: Edward Joseph McManus (February 9, 1920 – March 20, 2017) was an American politician and judge. He served as the 36th Lieutenant Governor of Iowa from 1959 through 1961 and later served as a United States federal judge for over 50 years from 1962 until his death in 2017. He was a Democrat.

paragraphs: At the time of his death, McManus was the longest serving living federal judge.

paragraphs: McManus was born in Keokuk, Iowa. He studied at the University of Iowa. McManus died on March 20, 2017 in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, aged 97.


title: Sib Hashian

paragraphs: John Thomas "Sib" Hashian (August 17, 1949 – March 22, 2017) was an American musician. He was best known as a drummer for the rock band Boston. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts.

paragraphs: Hashian had a daughter, Lauren who has been in a relationship with Dwayne Johnson since 2007.

paragraphs: Hashian died from a possible heart attack while on a cruise ship near Nassau, Bahamas on March 22, 2017, aged 67.


title: Tomas Milian

paragraphs: Tomas Milian (born Tomás Quintín Rodríguez; 3 March 1933 – 22 March 2017) was a Cuban American-Italian actor and singer. He was known for his roles in "The Big Gundown" (1966), "The Ugly Ones" (1967), "Django Kill... If You Live, Shoot!" (1967), "Face to Face" (1967), "Run, Man, Run" (1968), "Death Sentence" (1968), "Tepepa" (1969), "Compañeros" (1970), "Sonny and Jed" (1972), "Life Is Tough, Eh Providence?" (1972) and "Four of the Apocalypse" (1975).

paragraphs: Milian was born in Havana, Cuba. He studied at the Actors Studio in New York City. He was a bisexual. Milian died at his home in Miami, Florida on 22 March 2017 from a stroke, aged 84.


title: William H. Keeler

paragraphs: William Henry Keeler (March 4, 1931 – March 23, 2017) was an American cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of Baltimore, Maryland, from 1989 to 2007 and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1994. He was born in San Antonio, Texas.

paragraphs: Keeler died on March 23, 2017 in Catonsville, Maryland from a long-illness, aged 86.


title: Cino Tortorella

paragraphs: Felice "Cino" Tortorella (27 June 1926 – 23 March 2017), was an Italian television presenter. He was best known for creating and conducting the Zecchino d'Oro festival of children's songs. He was the voice of Topo Gigio, he became a regular on "The Ed Sullivan Show".


title: Denis Voronenkov

paragraphs: Denis Nikolayevich Voronenkov (; 10 April 1971 – 23 March 2017) was a Russian politician. He was a member of the State Duma (2011–2016). After stepping down as a member of the parliament in 2016, Voronenkov left Russia and settled in Ukraine with his wife Maria Maksakova Jr.. After settling in Ukraine, he became a vocal critic of Russian president Vladimir Putin and Russian foreign policy.

paragraphs: Voronenkov was murdered in Kiev on 23 March 2017 after being shot in the head, aged 45.


title: Stalemate

paragraphs: Stalemate is a situation in chess where the player whose turn it is to move is not in check but has no legal move.

paragraphs: When stalemate occurs, the game is a draw. Actual stalemate is rare, but the threat of stalemate has a big effect on endgame play. Many K+R+P vs K+R endings are drawn when stalemate cannot be avoided. The existence of stalemate is a main reason why draws are common in chess, but rare in the chess derivative shogi.

paragraphs: In the old Arabic form of chess, shatranj, stalemate was a win for the side with the most pieces. The idea of stalemate as a draw in modern chess took a long time to be agreed. It was finally decided by the early 19th century British master J.H. Sarratt in the London Chess Club rules of 1807.

paragraphs: All uses of the term "stalemate" in other contexts come from its use in chess. Stalemates in bargaining, politics and general life are examples of figurative language. The term is used as a metaphor.


title: Amerdingen

paragraphs: Amerdingen is a municipality in the district of Donau-Ries in Bavaria in Germany. There is an 18th-century castle called Schloss Amerdingen. It was built by the family of the Stauffenbergs. Count Alfred Schenk von Stauffenberg (*1923) and his wife live there now. The mayor is currently Hermann Scmidt


title: Hans Geiger

paragraphs: Johannes Wilhelm "Hans" Geiger (30 September 1882 – 24 September 1945) was a German physicist. He is perhaps best known as the co-inventor of the detector component of the Geiger counter and for the Geiger–Marsden experiment which discovered the atomic nucleus. Geiger was born at Neustadt an der Haardt, Germany. He was one of five children born to the Indologist Wilhelm Ludwig Geiger, who was professor at the University of Erlangen.

paragraphs: In 1902, Geiger started studying physics and mathematics at the University of Erlangen and was awarded a doctorate in 1906. In 1907 he began work with Ernest Rutherford at the University of Manchester and in 1909, along with Ernest Marsden, conducted the famous Geiger–Marsden experiment called the "gold foil experiment". Rutherford and Geiger created the Rutherford-Geiger tube, later to become the Geiger tube.

paragraphs: In 1911 Geiger and John Mitchell Nuttall discovered the Geiger–Nuttall law (or rule) and performed experiments that led to Rutherford's atomic model. In 1928 Geiger and his student Walther Müller created an improved version of the Geiger tube, the Geiger–Müller tube. Geiger also worked with James Chadwick. In 1912 he became leader of the Physical-Technical Reichsanstalt in Berlin, 1925 professor in Kiel, 1929 in Tübingen, and from 1936 in Berlin.

paragraphs: He was a member of the Uranium Club. Geiger never expressed himself in public about the Nazis. There are reports both about him helping, and rejecting, Jewish colleagues. Geiger died in Potsdam, Germany a few months after World War II ended in Europe. He had four siblings: three sisters and one brother that were all younger than him. His brother, Rudolf Geiger, was very interested in meteorology and climatology.


title: Johann Alexander Döderlein

paragraphs: Johann Alexander Döderlein (February 11, 1675 - October 23, 1745) was a German historian, philologist and numismatist.

paragraphs: He studied at University of Altdorf near Nuremberg. He was polymath and his field of work included archaeology, classical studies, meteorology, and regional history. Döderlein was a member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences and of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina. He was rector of the Alte Lateinschule, the former school of Weißenburg am Sand.


title: Lise Meitner

paragraphs: Lise Meitner (November 7, 1878, Vienna – October 27, 1968, Cambridge) was an Austrian-Swedish physicist. She had a very large role in discovering nuclear fission. She received her doctorate in physics from the University of Vienna in 1906. Her work with two other scientists influenced the discovery and creation of the atomic bomb.

paragraphs: Meitner was of Jewish descent and converted to Lutheranism.

paragraphs: Starting in 1907, Meitner worked with a man named Otto Hahn. She worked with Hahn throughout her entire career. Working together, they completed a lot of work in chemistry. Hahn won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, even though his work had been with her. The reason that she did not win the prize was that she was a woman. She did attend the ceremony though.

paragraphs: In 1914, Meitner volunteered as an X-ray technician in the Austrian army during World War I. Meitner was also the first female professor in Germany. She became a German professor in 1917. Throughout the 1920s, Meitner worked mostly on radiation. She won many prizes and awards. Around 1935, Meitner and Hahn worked together to learn more about uranium. The element Meitnerium is named after her. Later in Meitner’s life, she had many discoveries that led to the creation of the atomic bomb. She worked to make possible the atomic bomb that was dropped on Hiroshima but she did not agree the atomic bomb.

paragraphs: An encyclopedia editor asked Meitner to write an article about radioactivity. He had read a paper she wrote about the physical aspects of radioactivity. The letter that she got was addressed to “Herr Meitner” (Mr. Meitner). She explained that she was female and the offer was taken away. Meitner followed gender roles later in her career. British physicist Ernest Rutherford visited Berlin Laboratory. During this visit, Meitner spent the day shopping with Rutherford's wife. Meanwhile, the men talked about work. Meitner also had lots of accomplishments. After working with Hahn and investigating behavior of beta rays, she received an appointment in the radioactivity apartment and invited Meitner to join him. Soon after, Max Planck asked Meitner to be an assistant professor and lecture at the institute for theoretical physics. Meitner was the first woman in Germany to be in her position. Many news reporters were drawn to her opening lecture.


title: Chien-Shiung Wu

paragraphs: Chien-Shiung Wu was a Chinese-American nuclear physicist.

paragraphs: Wu was born in May 1912 in Liuhe, a small town near Shanghai. Wu Zhongyi, her father, participated in the 1911 revolution against the Chinese Manchu dynasty. He was the founder of an all girls’ school in China. Educating girls wasn’t seen as important at that time. Wu went to that school until she was nine. After that, she went to the Soochow Girls’ School. She graduated in 1930. She was the best student in her class.

paragraphs: Wu went to college at Nanjing University. She studied physics there. She graduated in 1934. She spent one year teaching in a university. A year later, she went to study X-ray crystallography, which is the study of crystals. She did so at the National Academy of Sciences in Shanghai. A woman scientist who she worked with told her to go to study in the United States. She said this because China didn’t have a very good physics program. With the help of her rich uncle, she sailed to America in 1936.

paragraphs: Wu started working on nuclear physics with a particle physicist named Ernest Livermore. She helped Emilio Segre. He won a Nobel Prize years later. During the same time, Japan invaded China. She didn’t hear from her family for years. She kept working.

paragraphs: Wu also studied the electromagnetic energy a particle gives off when it slows down. She also studied what happens when a uranium nucleus splits. For her work, she got a PhD in 1940. She became known as an expert on fission, which is the splitting of atoms.

paragraphs: She studied theories about atoms developed by Enrico Fermi. She ended up confirming one of his theories.

paragraphs: Wu continued with her work in physics in her later career. She faced a difficult hypothesis involving beta decay in 1963. Beta Decay was discovered by Richard Feynman and Murray Gell-Mann.

paragraphs: Chien-Shiung Wu helped overthrow the law of conservation of parity along with Tsung Dao Lee and Chen Wing Yang. For 30 years, parity was a universal law. The theory states that parity was when an event and its reflection were the same. Scientist believed that the conservation of parity applied to all events. Chien-Shiung Wu helped to disprove this theory. She found this when studying the electrons at a low temperature. Wu did most of the work. The Nobel Prize committee did not acknowledge her. They did recognize her two male partners who won the award.

paragraphs: Many considered Wu's work on Fermi’s theory worthy of a Nobel prize. Her work was important but did not qualify for the prize. The two scientist she worked with on the theory about parity won a prize and she did not. People believed her work was not original.

paragraphs: She became the first woman to be the president of the American Physical Society. She was the first woman to receive the Comstock Award from the National Academy of Sciences. She was also the first woman to receive the Research Corporation Award. She received honorary degrees from over a dozen universities. Yale, Princeton and Harvard were some of the universities that recognized her work. Princeton gave her an honorary doctorate of science. She became the first woman to ever receive that.

paragraphs: Wu married Luke Yuan in 1942. She taught at Smith College in Massachusetts. After that, she taught at Princeton. In 1944, she was recruited to do top-secret work on radiation detectors for the atomic bomb project called the Manhattan Project at Columbia University. She worked in a secret facility.

paragraphs: After World War II, Wu heard back from her family. They had all survived.

paragraphs: Wu retired in 1981. She died of a stroke on February 16, 1997, in New York. She was 86 years old. Her ashes were buried in the courtyard of her father's school.

paragraphs: Wu was an inspiration and a trailblazer. She didn’t let racism or sexism put her down. She kept working hard. She made some amazing discoveries. Her work wasn’t credited with a Nobel Prize but she made a huge impact on the world's knowledge of fission and quantum physics.


title: Vera Rubin

paragraphs: Vera Cooper Rubin (July 23, 1928 December 25, 2016) was an American astronomer. She discovered dark matter

paragraphs: Rubin was born on July 23, 1928. Her parents were Rose Applebaum and Phillip Cooper.  At age 10, Rubin became fascinated by the stars in her home, Washington, D.C. At age 14, she built her first telescope.

paragraphs: Rubin attended Vassar College where she earned her B.A. in 1948. She earned her M.A. at Cornell University in 1951. She received her Ph.D. in astronomy at Georgetown University. At Cornell her thesis studied evidence of bulk rotation in the universe.

paragraphs: Rubin taught at Georgetown before becoming a researcher at the Carnegie Institution of Science. She spent a year as a teacher in math and physics at Montgomery County Junior College. She contributed to newspapers. She was an associated editor of the Astronomical Journal and the editorial board of Science Magazine. Rubin was on the astronomical committee at Harvard University and at the National Academy of Sciences.

paragraphs: Rubin was an American astronomer who discovered dark matter. Dark matter is a material in the universe that does not reflect light. She and W. Kent Ford found that the stars closest to the center of the galaxy and the stars farthest from the center of the galaxy moved at the same rate.  Their findings said that mass astronomers could see only 10 percent of the galaxy's total mass. This makes dark matter invisible. Rubin joined the council of American Women in Science in 1984 to promote women in astronomy.

paragraphs: Rubin was given honorary degrees from Creighton University, Harvard University, and Yale University. She won the National Medal of Sciences in 1993.

paragraphs: Rubin was married to Robert Rubin, a physicist. She wrote a children's book on astronomy to encourage young girls to study science. Rubin had four children named David, Allan, Judith, and Carl. Her children all became scientists.

paragraphs: Rubin died in Princeton on December 25, 2016.


title: Hypatia

paragraphs: Hypatia (hy-PAY-shee-uh) of Alexandria was a mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher. She lived around 370 - 415 C.E. Hypatia was the first noted women in mathematics, philosophy, and astronomy. She lead a philosophical movement called Neoplatonism. Neoplatonism was developed from the ideas of the ancient Greek philosopher Plato.

paragraphs: Hypatia was born in Alexandria, a city in Egypt. During Hypatia’s time, Egypt was a great place for learning. Her dad was also a mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher, so she had it in her blood line. Her father was Theon. Hypatia and her father worked on commentaries of Ptolemy’s work together. Ptolemy was a Greek astronomer who was from Alexandria. Hypatia's name was also put on work done by other mathematicians.

paragraphs: The Museum of Alexandria was a more like a university and library than a museum. It played a big role in education, and Hypatia’s life. Theon may have been the director of the museum at one point. Theon was interested in mathematics. This may have led Hypatia to pursue astronomy, mathematics, and philosophy.

paragraphs: Her skills were so notable, that she became the leader of the Neoplatonism movement in Alexandria around 400. Her reputation led students from all around the world to come visit here. She was recognized as a better philosopher than most of the men during her time. Hypatia gave lectures at her house and in lecture halls. She lectured on astronomy, mathematics, philosophy, and religious literature. She wrote a number of books about mathematics.

paragraphs: Synesius of Cyrene was a student of Hypatia. His letters provided some of the most important information on her life and her teachings. She taught Synesius about the building of an astrolabe.

paragraphs: Hypatia was never married because she said she was “wedded to the truth”. She was an acquaintance of Orestes. He was the pagan governor of Alexandria. Radical monks murdered her. They possibly murdered her because the pagans seemed to have caused enmity among this Christian town. They persecuted her, and scattered her body parts around the city. She died at 45 years old, in 415 C.E.


title: Ada Yonath

paragraphs: Ada E. Yonath, Hebrew: עדה יונת , (born June 22, 1939) is an Israeli crystallographer. She received the 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry together with Thomas A. Steitz and Venkatraman Ramakrishnan for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome.

paragraphs: She was born in the Geula quarter of Jerusalem. Her father was a rabbi. Yonath and her family moved to Tel Aviv after her father died.

paragraphs: She received her bachelor's degree in chemistry in 1962. She received her master's degree in biochemistry in 1964. She got both degrees from the Hebrew University in Jerusalem. She received her Ph.D. in X-Ray Crystallography at the Weizmann Institute of Science in 1968. Yonath made the first protein crystallography lab at the Weizmann Institute. Her work showed the function of ribosomes. Yonath worked at Carnegie-Mellon University and MIT for several years. She stayed as Weizmann Institute for the rest of her career.

paragraphs: Ada Yonath is an Israeli chemist who made pictures of ribosomes using X-ray Crystallography. Ribosomes are the part of cells in the human body that put together proteins. X-ray Crystallography makes pictures of molecules by bunching them into crystals. This method is only used to make models of single atoms. Yonath used this methods to crystallize ribosomes although they are made of many atoms and proteins. This made her work very difficult. She returned to the Weizmann Institute of Science in 1970. She started the first Protein Crystallography lab in Israel. She did research at the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics in Berlin, Germany from 1979 to 1984. She began trying to make ribosomes into crystals in 1970.  [1]

paragraphs: She made the first model of a large ribosome in 1980.

paragraphs: In 2006 she won the Wolf Prize in Chemistry.

paragraphs: She won the 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Venkatraman Ramakrishnan and Thomas Steitz. This Nobel prize was for her work in making images of ribosomes. She studied Molecular Genetics in Berlin, Germany, before winning the Nobel prize.

paragraphs: Yonath led a research team at the Max Planck Institute in Hamburg, Germany for 18 years. She also continued research at the Weizmann Institute of Science.


title: Youyou Tu

paragraphs: Youyou Tu is a Chinese pharmacologist. She won the Nobel Prize in 2015 for medicine. She is famous for making a medicine to treat Malaria. Malaria is a sickness or disease. It is spread by mosquitoes. It poorly affects a lot of people in the world. Many people have died from Malaria. Tu came up with a cure.

paragraphs: Tu was born on December 30, 1930.  She was born and raised in Ningbo, Zhejiang. Zhejiang is a province of China. It is located in eastern China. In 1951, she moved to Beijing. She went to the Peking University in Beijing. At the university, she studied pharmacology. In 1955, she finished college and started working at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing. It is now called the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences.

paragraphs: In 1969, China was having a cultural revolution against Western ideas. This means that many schools, colleges, and research centers were closed. Tu was assigned to a secret project that was to find the cure for Malaria during this time. Malaria was killing American and Vietnamese soldiers in Vietnam before the treatment was found. She studied traditional Chinese medicinal ancient text. She was trying to find an herbal treatment. The text they read gave information about a medicinal plant, Qinghao. Qinghao is also known as sweet wormwood. Tu and two other scientists found a part of the plant that helped treat Malaria. This was made into a drug that stopped and treated the disease in millions of people. This drug was called artemisinin.


title: Rosalyn Yalow

paragraphs: Rosalyn Yalow (July 19, 1921 May 30, 2011) was an American medical physicist.

paragraphs: Yalow was born on July 19, 1921 in the Bronx, New York City. She graduated from Hunter College in 1941. She also went to a all-female college in New York called Hunter College. Yalow was Jewish. This made it difficult to become a scientist, due to prejudice. She continued trying. Yalow got a PhD from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

paragraphs: Yalow became a consultant in nuclear physics at the Bronx Veteran’s Administration Hospital in 1947. She was assistant chief of radioisotope service in 1950. She was made a research professor at the Sinai School of Medicine in New York City in 1968. In 1973, she was made head of Solomon A. Berson Research Laboratory at the Bronx Veteran’s Administration Hospital.

paragraphs: Yalow won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1977. She was the second woman to win that prize. She shared the award with Roger Guillemin and Andrew Schally.

paragraphs: Yalow was known for the creation of the radioimmunoassay (RIA). The RIA labeled things in the blood with radioactive marks. Yalow and Solomon Berson first used the RIA in 1959. It was first used to study the insulin in blood of diuabetics ( people with diabetes). This was an advancement that helped many people with diabetes.


title: Maryam Mirzakhani

paragraphs: Maryam Mirzakhani (May 3, 1977 – July 14, 2017) was an Iranian mathematician.

paragraphs: She worked at Stanford University. Her research topics include Teichmüller theory, hyperbolic geometry, ergodic theory, and symplectic geometry.

paragraphs: On 13 August 2014, Mirzakhani became both the first woman and the first Iranian honored with the Fields Medal, the most prestigious award in mathematics.

paragraphs: Mirzakhani was born in May 1977 in Tehran, Iran. She enjoyed math and puzzles in high school. She earned her bachelor’s degree at the Sharif University of Technology in Tehran. Mirzakhani then went to Harvard to earn a Ph.D. in 2004.

paragraphs: In high school, Mirzakhani found her talents in math. She decided to reconsider her career goals. This was made possible by her principal. Her principal tried to give women the same chances as men to succeed.

paragraphs: Mirzakhani was also given extra math assignments, which gave her access to university laboratories. She was also allowed to study by herself in the library. This privilege was only given to a few people.

paragraphs: Mirzakhani was diagnosed with breast cancer in 2013. She died of the cancer on July 14, 2017 in Palo Alto, California, aged 40.

paragraphs: Mirzakhani won the Fields Medal award, the highest mathematical award, in 2014 for her accomplishments in math. She won this award because of her work on Riemann surfaces, a complex mathematical subject. Her work on this subject has improved the basics of both mathematics and physics.

paragraphs: Mirzakhani proved multiple relationships between "moduli" spaces, classes of Riemann surface structures. Her talent led her to be selected twice for the Math Olympiad Team.

paragraphs: Girls had never been part of the Iranian Math Olympiad team. Mirzakhani was the first woman to be on the team and was selected two times in a row. She won gold medals for her team. In 1994, she only had one point taken off and in 1995, she had a perfect score. This was a big accomplishment since she was the first Iranian to do so.

paragraphs: Mirzakhani has worked as a math teacher at Princeton University and Stanford University. At Stanford, her interests changed a little. Mirzakhani still worked on geometry and symmetry but started to focus more on theories on Teichmiller dynamics, advanced geometric strategies. Her research was deemed as mathematical research into nature's abstract concepts.


title: Emilie du Chatelet

paragraphs: Émilie du Châtelet was a French physicist. She was born on December 17, 1706, in Paris, France. Du Châtelet was born into an aristocratic family. She received an excellent education. Du Châtelet learned science, literature, and music. She married Marquis du Châtelet. He lived away from Paris because he had a military and political career. They had three children. Du Châtelet took private lessons in math from Pierre-Louis Moreau.

paragraphs: Du Châtelet had a 15-year affair with Francois-Marie Arouet de Voltaire. Voltaire recognized her talents. Du Châtelet helped Voltaire write his book, "Elements of Newton’s Philosophy". She had an unwanted child with Jean-François de Saint-Lambert when she was 42. She translated "Principia Mathematica" by Isaac Newton into French while she was pregnant. She died from an infection six days after giving birth to her daughter. It was 1749.

paragraphs: Du Châtelet’s translation of "Principia Mathematica" is still used today. She knew that her work was not appreciated during her time. Years after she died, she was recognized as a role model for girls and women. Du Châtelet is still celebrated around the world for her work in Newtonian studies and mathematics.


title: Mary Somerville

paragraphs: Mary Somerville was a Scottish science writer and a polymath. She was also famous for supporting more education for women and supporting more civil rights for women.

paragraphs: Somerville was born on December 26, 1780, in Jedburgh, Scotland. She was the fifth of seven children. She was one of three who lived to be adults. Her father, William George Fairfax, was a vice-admiral in the Royal Navy. He would go on long trips away. Somerville's mother didn't try to educate her daughters; she thought that all girls needed to know was how to cook and clean. When Somerville wasn't doing household chores, she would often go to the seaside and the moors.

paragraphs: When Somerville's father came home, he discovered that his ten-year-old daughter could not read or write. He sent her to a boarding school. By her teenage years, Somerville had become interested in algebra. Her parents got angry. They told her not to study it - they worried that studying mathematical concepts would cause her physical and mental harm. "Mary Somerville." Scientists: Their Lives and Works, UXL, 2006. Student Resources in Context. Accessed 31 Mar. 2017.

paragraphs: In 1804, when she was 24, Somerville got married to Samuel Grieg. She found that marriage gave her independence from her parents. She began studying algebra. She had two sons, but her husband died in 1807. As a widow, she found more freedom to study and learned many more mathematical concepts."Mary Somerville." Scientists: Their Lives and Works, UXL, 2006. Student Resources in Context. Accessed 31 Mar. 2017.

paragraphs: In 1812, she married again. Her second husband was William Somerville. They had four children together. Somerville began experiments on solar radiation with her newfound support from William.

paragraphs: She studied the sun's radiation effects on Earth's substances. In 1826, she published her first paper, "On The Magnetizing Power of the More Refrangible Solar Rays." She later published two more papers and two books. She later moved to Italy and started her third book. In 1848, she had a publication called "Physical Geography."

paragraphs: Somerville wrote many books. Somerville's second book lead to the discovery of Neptune. She then became the one of the first two women to be named Honorary members of the Royal Astronomical Society. Somerville had a picture hung in the Royal Society's great hall. She won the Victoria Gold Medal from the Royal Geographic Society in 1870.

paragraphs: In 1860, her only surviving son died. Her husband died 5 years later. Somerville became sad. Her daughter told her to work on more writing projects. She did, but she wasn't in touch with modern science. She began to promote civil rights and higher women's education. She died at age 92 in Naples, Italy, on November 19, 1872. Oxford University named one of its colleges after her.


title: May-Britt Moser

paragraphs: May-Britt Moser is a Norwegian psychologist and neuroscientist.

paragraphs: Moser was born on Jan 4, 1962 in Fosnavåg, on a coastal island north of Bergen, Norway. She married Edvard Moser as a student of the University of Oslo in 1985. They had two kids, Isabel and Ailin. The Mosers were directors and coordinators of the Kavil Institute for systems Neuroscience and the Centre for Neural Computation at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology for many years, but they divorced in 2016.

paragraphs: Each earned a PhD in neurobiology in 1995. She used rats as test subjects during her research because their nervous system is very similar to humans. They discovered brain cells that allow animals to move from one place to another. These are called grid cells, and they fire when the rats pass a certain location. Over time, this helped the rats move purposely around the room and navigate their surroundings. The Mosers won a Nobel Prize, an important award. She won this award in 2014 and shared this with John O’Keefe, another neuroscientist. They also won the Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize.


title: Starboy (song)

paragraphs: "Starboy" is a song recorded by Canadian PBR&B singer-songwriter The Weeknd. It features the French DJ duo Daft Punk. It is taken from his fifth studio album, also called "Starboy". It is the first song on the album. The song reached number one in nearly ten countries, including the US, Canada, France, the Netherlands, and New Zealand, while it reached number two in countries like Australia and the UK. "Starboy" is The Weeknd and Daft Punk's first collaboration, before the next single, the top-ten song "I Feel It Coming".

paragraphs: The song was certified quadruple-Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for sales, streams, and shipments of over four million copies there.


title: Via (electronics)

paragraphs: A via or VIA is an electrical connection between layers in a circuit board.


title: Andrés Ocaña

paragraphs: Andrés Ocaña Rabadán (1955 – March 2, 2017) was a Spanish politician and academic. He served as the Mayor of Córdoba from 2009 to 2011. He was a member of the United Left/The Greens–Assembly for Andalusia.

paragraphs: Ocaña was born in the town of Aguilar de la Frontera in the Province of Córdoba. He served as a member of the Córdoba city council from 1995 until 2011. Ocaña died of a myocardial infarction on March 2, 2017 in Córdoba, Andalusia, at the age of 62.


title: José José

paragraphs: José Rómulo Sosa Ortiz (February 17, 1948 — September 28, 2019) , known by his stage name José José, was a Mexican singer, musician and occasional actor. His 1983 album "Secretos" has sold over 7 million units. With a large number of international hits, he received several Grammy nominations and recognition worldwide.

paragraphs: In March 2017, he announced that he was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. On 28 September 2019, José José died of the disease at a hospital in Homestead, Florida, at the age of 71.


title: Kallar (caste)

paragraphs: Kallar is one of the three related castes of southern India which constitute the Mukkulathor confedaracy or league of caste. The Kallar, along with the Kallar caste and Maravar caste, constitute a united social caste on the basis of professions, though their locations and heritages are wholly separate from one another.The Kallars, along with the Kallar and Thevars, traditionally practised a Tamil martial art variously known as "adi murai", "chinna adi" and "varna ati".The Kallar were traditionally a non-vegetarian people.


title: Maravar

paragraphs: Maravar is a Tamil community of the state of Tamil Nadu, southern India, and are one of the three branches of the Mukkulathor confederacy or league of caste.Members of the Maravar community often use the honorific title "Thevar".The term "Maravar" has diverse proposed etymologies; it may come simply from a Tamil word "maravar" (warrior), or a term meaning "bravery".


title: Karaikudi

paragraphs: Karaikudi is a municipality in Sivaganga district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is a part of the area commonly referred to as "Chettinadu" and has been declared a heritage town by the Government of Tamil Nadu.As of 2011, the city had a population of 106,714. Roadways are the major mode of transportation to Karaikudi and the nearest airport is Madurai Airport, located away from the city.The average literacy of the town was 81.48%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.


title: Sivaganga district

paragraphs: Sivaganga district is an administrative district of Tamil Nadu state in Southern India. It is bounded by Pudukkottai district on the Northeast, Tiruchirapalli District on the North, Ramanathapuram district on South East, Virudhunagar district on South West and Madurai district on the West.The major town in the district is the City of Karaikudi. As of 2011, the district had a population of 1,339,101 with a sex-ratio of 1,003 females for every 1,000 males.


title: Namakkal

paragraphs: Namakkal is a town and a municipality in Namakkal district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is the headquarters of Namakkal district. It is the first ISO 14001-2004 certified municipality in Asia for environmental management, specifically the provision and maintenance of water supply, solid waste and sewage management, town planning, lighting and other social services.

paragraphs: As of 2011, the town had a population of 55,145.


title: Tiruchirappalli Rock Fort

paragraphs: Tiruchirappalli Rockfort is a historic fortification and temple complex built on an ancient rock. It is located in the city of Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India. It is constructed on a high rock that may date to over one billion years ago. There are two Hindu temples inside, the Ucchi Pillayar Temple, Rockfort and the Thayumanaswami Temple, Rockfort. Other local tourist attractions include the famous Pallava-era Ganesha temple and the Madurai Nayak-era fort. The fort complex has witnessed fierce battles between the Madurai Nayakas and Adil Shahi dynasty of Bijapur, Carnatic region and Maratha Imperial forces. The fort played an important part during the Carnatic Wars, helping lay the foundations of the British Empire in India. The Rockfort is the most prominent landmark of the city.


title: Ucchi Pillayar Temple, Rockfort

paragraphs: Ucchi Pillayar Temple is a 7th-century Hindu temple, one dedicated to Lord Ganesh located a top of "Rockfort", Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, India.Mythologically this rock is the place where Lord Ganesh ran from King Vibishana, after establishing the Ranganathaswamy deity in Srirangam.The Rock Fort temple stands 83m tall perched atop the rock. The smooth rock was first cut by the Pallavas but it was the Nayaks of Madurai who completed both the temples under the Vijayanagara empire.Due to its ancient and impressive architecture created by the Pallavas, the temple is maintained by the Archaeological department of India.


title: Thayumanaswami Temple, Rockfort

paragraphs: Thayumanaswami Temple is a temple situated in the Rockfort complex in the city of Tiruchirappalli, India. The temple is situated close to the base of the Rockfort and was constructed by the Pallava king Mahendravarman I in the 6th century AD. Shiva is worshiped as Thayumanavar, and is represented by the lingam and his consort Parvati is depicted as Mattuvar Kuzhalammai. The presiding deity is revered in the 7th century Tamil Saiva canonical work, the Tevaram, written by Tamil saint poets known as the nayanars and classified as Paadal Petra Sthalam.The temple complex has three shrines, two of which are dedicated to Lord Ganesha, one at the foot and the Ucchi Pillayar Temple at the top, and the Thayumanaswami Temple between them.


title: Thiruvarur

paragraphs: Thiruvarur is a town and municipality in Thiruvarur district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is the administrative headquarters of Tiruvarur district and Tiruvarur taluk. The town was one of the five traditional capitals of the Chola empire, with one of the emperors of the dynasty, Kulothunga Chola I, having it as his capital. The town is believed to be of significant antiquity and has been ruled, at different times, by the Medieval Cholas, Later Cholas, Later Pandyas, Vijayanagar Empire, Marathas and the British. The town is known for the Thyagaraja temple, and the annual chariot festival held in the month of April. The temple chariot of the Thyagaraja temple, weighing and measuring tall is the largest temple chariot in Tamil Nadu. Thiruvarur is the birthplace of Tyagaraja, Muthuswami Dikshitar and Syama Sastri, popularly known as the Trinity of Carnatic music of the 18th century CE.

paragraphs: According to 2011 census, Thiruvarur had a population of 58,301 with a sex-ratio of 1,053 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.


title: Mannargudi

paragraphs: Mannargudi is a town in Thiruvarur district in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is the headquarters of the Mannargudi Taluk. The town is located at a distance of 20km from the district headquarters Tiruvarur and 310 km from the state capital Chennai. Mannargudi is known for the Rajagopalaswamy temple, a prominent Vaishnavite shrine.Mannargudi is administered by a municipality established in 1866. As of 2011, the municipality covered an area of and had a population of 66,999. Mannargudi comes under the Mannargudi assembly constituency which elects a member to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly once every five years and it is a part of the Nagappattinam constituency which elects its Member of Parliament (MP) once in five years. Roadways are the major mode of transportation to the town and it also has rail connectivity. The nearest seaport, Nagapattinam Port, is located 52 km (32 mi) from Mannargudi, while the nearest airport, Tiruchirappalli International Airport, is located 97 km (60 mi) from the town.


title: Kukkarahalli lake

paragraphs: Kukkarahalli lake is located in the heart of the Mysore city. Mummadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar, (1794–1868) of the Mysore Dynasty (Kingdom of Mysore) was responsible for getting the lake created, in the year 1864, to provide water for irrigation to about 4000 ha (10,000 acres) of land outside the city. The Lake also used to be a source of water supply to the city of Mysore but over the years, sewage and excessive land encroachments (mostly illegal) and blockage of water flow sources almost led to the eutrophication of the lake. The University of Mysore and the citizen forums of Mysore continue to make efforts to preserve the lake by implementing several remedial measures.


title: Eduard Bomhoff

paragraphs: Eduard Jan Bomhoff (born September 30, 1944 in Amsterdam) is a Dutch economist and academic, and also former politician and columnist.

paragraphs: Bomhoff studied at Leiden University and Erasmus University Rotterdam.

paragraphs: From July till October 2002, he was on behalf of the Pim Fortuyn List (LPF) government minister of Health, Welfare and Sports and also deputy prime minister in the First Balkenende Cabinet.

paragraphs: He is a member of the Old Catholic Church.


title: Anton Constandse

paragraphs: Anton Levien Constandse (September 13, 1899 in Brouwershaven - March 23, 1985 in The Hague) was a Dutch journalist, writer, political activist, anarchist and atheist.

paragraphs: Constandse studied Spanish at the University of Amsterdam.

paragraphs: Although raised a Christian, he turned atheist.

paragraphs: During World War II he was imprisoned in Buchenwald concentration camp, Gymnasium Beekvliet and Herzogenbusch concentration camp because of his anti-fascist and anti-nazi views.

paragraphs: After the war he was editor at NRC Handelsblad. He wrote for De Groene Amsterdammer, Vrij Nederland, and various humanist, atheist and literary magazines. Furthermore, he spoke on the Dutch VPRO radio and lectured at the University of Amsterdam.

paragraphs: Constandse was very negative about Christianity and later on also about Islam.

paragraphs: He wrote a lot of books and brochures about atheism and anarchism.


title: Khadija Arib

paragraphs: Khadija Arib, Arabic: خديجة عريب , (born October 10, 1960 in Hedami) is a Dutch politician. She is a member of the Labour Party (PvdA).

paragraphs: Arib was born near Casablanca in Morocco. She migrated to the Netherlands when she was 15 years of age. She studied sociology at the University of Amsterdam.

paragraphs: She is a member of the Second Chamber since 1998 (with a short interruption in 2006-2007). She has also been Speaker of the Second Chamber since 2016.

paragraphs: Khadija Arib is married with three children. She is a Muslim and of Moroccan descent.


title: Etienne Vermeersch

paragraphs: Etienne Vermeersch (May 2, 1934 in Bruges – January 18, 2019 in Ghent) was a Belgian philosopher, activist and former academic.

paragraphs: He studied classics and philosophy at Ghent University.

paragraphs: Being a Jesuit, he turned atheist at the age of 25.

paragraphs: Vermeersch was vice rector at Ghent University, and is considered an important critic in Belgian society.

paragraphs: He was co-founder of the Belgian skeptical organization of SKEPP.

paragraphs: Vermeersch died at a hospital in Ghent, Belgium through assisted suicide on January 18, 2019 after suffering a long-illness, aged 84.


title: Mace

paragraphs:
Mace has three principal meanings:
Mace may also refer to:


title: Maurice Xiberras

paragraphs: Maurice Xiberras GMH (14 November 1936 – 19 March 2017) was a Gibraltarian teacher, trade unionist and politician. He was thought as being a strong defender of British sovereignty, who believed there was no future for Gibraltar without the continuing close relationship with the United Kingdom. He was born in The Rock, Gibraltar.

paragraphs: Xiberras died of a suspected heart attack during a trip in Surbiton, Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames on 19 March 2017, aged 80.


title: Tony Terran

paragraphs: Anthony "Tony" Terran (May 30, 1926 – March 20, 2017) was an American trumpet player and session musician. He was part of The Wrecking Crew, which was a group of session musicians in Los Angeles, California. They earned wide acclaim in the 1960s. The Wrecking Crew was inducted into the Musicians Hall of Fame on November 26, 2007.

paragraphs: A very well known trumpeter in Los Angeles, Terran worked with The Baja Marimba Band, The Beach Boys, The Beatles, The Bee Gees, Ray Charles, Chicago, Nat King Cole, Perry Como, Bob Dylan, Ella Fitzgerald, Benny Goodman, Bob Hope, Michael Jackson, Eartha Kitt, Peggy Lee, Madonna, Dean Martin, Elvis Presley, Bonnie Raitt, Linda Ronstadt, Diana Ross, Frank Sinatra, Barbra Streisand, The Tijuana Brass, and Tom Waits.

paragraphs: Terran was born in Buffalo, New York. He died in Los Angeles on March 20, 2017, aged 90.


title: Roy Fisher

paragraphs: Roy Fisher (11 June 1930 – 21 March 2017) was a British poet and jazz pianist. His poetry shows the relationship to both European and American modernist influences, while remaining grounded in the experience of living in the English Midlands.

paragraphs: Fisher has experimented with a wide range of styles throughout his career, largely working outside of the mainstream of post-war British poetry. He has been admired by poets and critics as diverse as Donald Davie, Eric Mottram, Marjorie Perloff, and Sean O’Brien.

paragraphs: In 2003, Fisher was made lifetime Honorary Poet of the City of Birmingham. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 2005.


title: Joanne Kyger

paragraphs: Joanne Kyger (November 19, 1934 – March 22, 2017) was an American poet. Her poetry was influenced by her practice of Zen Buddhism and her ties to the poets of Black Mountain, the San Francisco Renaissance, and the Beat generation.

paragraphs: Kyger was born in Vallejo, California. She studied at the University of California, Santa Barbara. She moved to San Francisco in 1957.

paragraphs: Kyger published more than twenty books of poetry and prose, including "Going On: Selected Poems, 1958–1980, " (1983); and, "Just Space: poems, 1979-1989" (1991).

paragraphs: Kyger died on March 22, 2017 at her home in Bolinas, California from lung cancer, aged 82.


title: Ashokamitran

paragraphs: Ashokamitran (September 22, 1931 – March 23, 2017) was the pen name of Jagadisa Thyagarajan, an Indian writer. He was sometimes called one of the most influential figures in post-independent Tamil literature. He began his prolific literary career with the prize winning play "Anbin Parisu" and went on to author more than two hundred short stories, and a dozen novellas and novels.

paragraphs: Ashokamitran died on 23 March 2017 in Chennai from cardiac arrest at the age of 85.


title: Meir Einstein

paragraphs: Meir Einstein (; 21 October 1951 – 23 March 2017) was a Israeli sports broadcaster. He was born in Herzliya, Israel.

paragraphs: Einstein began his career as a news anchor at Kol Yisrael. He later began to broadcast sports events in all areas of the Sports Department of Channel 10. He was the main broadcaster on the sports channels of Charlton Ltd..

paragraphs: Einstein died on 23 March 2017 in Jerusalem from complications of muscular dystrophy (disease that weakens the skeletal system), aged 65.


title: Leo Peelen

paragraphs: Leopoldus ("Leo") Eduardus Theoduris Peelen (16 July 1968 - 24 March 2017) was a Dutch track cyclist. He won the silver medal at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul in the points race. The following year, he captured a bronze medal at the 1989 World Championships. Peelen became six times Dutch champion on the track (Pointsrace in 1983, 1984, 1985 (winter), Individual Pursuit 1986 and Madison 1987 and 1988).

paragraphs: Peelen died on 24 March 2017 from cardiac arrest in Apeldoorn, the Netherlands, aged 48.


title: Avo Uvezian

paragraphs: Avo Uvezian (March 22, 1926 – March 24, 2017) was an Armenian-American jazz pianist and cigar manufacturer. He was born in Beirut, French Lebanon. He performed with Bob Hope and Dean Martin during his musician career. In the 1980s, he created a brad of cigars called "Avo Cigars". In 1996, more than two million Avo cigars were sold.

paragraphs: Uvezian died in Orlando, Florida from respiratory arrest on March 24, 2017, two days after his 91st birthday.


title: Mayaro

paragraphs: Mayaro is a town on the island of Trinidad in Trinidad and Tobago. It is near Rio Claro.

paragraphs: Mayaro is on the ocean, and Mayaro Beach is a very popular vacation spot for tourists.


title: Damnatio memoriae

paragraphs: Damnatio memoriae is a Latin practice or phrase that means "condemnation of memory". It means that a person's existence should be cut out of history. Actually, it was never totally achieved. In practice it meant removing the name from official records and monuments. That left plenty of letters and scrolls from which historians have pieced together the information we have.


title: Vault 7

paragraphs: Vault 7 is a series of documents that WikiLeaks began to release on 7 March 2017, that detail activities and capabilities of the United States Central Intelligence Agency to perform electronic surveillance and cyber warfare. The files, dated from 2013–2016, include details on the agency's software capabilities, such as the ability to compromise smart TVs, web browsers (including Firefox, Google Chrome, and Microsoft Edge), and the operating systems of most smartphones (including Apple's iOS and Google's Android), as well as other operating systems such as Microsoft Windows, macOS, and Linux.


title: Eshanosaurus

paragraphs: Eshanosaurus is an extinct genus of therizinosaur dinosaur from the Lower Jurassic of China. It may have been the earliest known coelurosaur. The type species is "Eshanosaurus deguchiianus", which was coined in 2001 by Xu Xing.


title: Yohanna Ibrahim

paragraphs: Yohanna Ibrahim (Arabic: يوحنا إبراهيم) also Gregorios Yohanna or Mor Gregorios Yohanna Ibrahim (born August 18, 1948) is the Syriac Orthodox archbishop of Aleppo. He was kidnapped on April 22, 2013, along with Boulos Yazigi, the Greek Orthodox archbishop of Aleppo.

paragraphs: Ibrahim was born on August 18, 1948 in Qamishly, Syria. He studied Ecclesiastical Studies and Canon Law at the Pontifical Oriental Institute (Roma Istituto Orientale) in Rome from 1973 to 1976. He became a monk in 1973, a deacon in 1976, a priest in 1976, and a bishop in 1979. In 1988 he established the Al Raha Mardin Publishing House in Aleppo.

paragraphs: Ibrahim received degrees from St. Ephrem Theological Seminary in Zahle, the Oriental Institute in Rome, and the Pontifical Oriental Institute in Rome. He received a PhD from Birmingham University in the UK. The title of his dissertation was “Christian Arabs in Mesopotamia before Islam.” Before he became a bishop in Syria, Ibrahim had positions in Iraq, Sweden, Holland, Belgium, and Lebanon. He was on the committees of many religious boards, including including the Global Christian Forum, the Executive Committee of the Middle East Council of Churches, and the Central Committee of the World Council of Churches.

paragraphs: Ibrahim disappeared in 2013 while traveling with Boulos Yazigi to negotiate the release of two kidnapped priests. It is believed the kidnappers were Chechen.


title: More Life

paragraphs: More Life (also known as More Life: A Playlist by October Firm) is the fifth studio album by Canadian rapper Drake. It was released on March 18, 2017, by Young Money Entertainment and Cash Money Records. Drake stated that the collection of songs is a playlist and not an album.

paragraphs: The first single, "Fake Love", was released on October 23, 2016, the day before Drake's 30th birthday. It reached the top ten around the world.

paragraphs: "Passionfruit" was released as the second single from "More Life" on March 28, 2017.


title: National Cycling Museum

paragraphs: KOERS. Museum van de wielersport. (till 2018 the Cycling Museum - WieMu) is a museum in the Belgian city of Roeselare. The museum shows the history of the bicycle and cycling. The museum started officially on 27 March 1998 at ‘Het Polenplein’, in the earlier fire-station.

paragraphs: The Cycling Museum was founded in 1985 as part of the earlier Municipal Museum of Roeselare. The city of Roeselare took that decision because the region can be seen as ‘the cradle of the flandriens’. A lot of flandriens and racing cyclists are born in the region. The municipality proper has known a lot of popular racing cyclists for example Odiel Defraeye, the first Belgian winner of the Tour of France and several world-champions: Jean-Pierre Monseré, Benoni Beheyt, Patrick Sercu, Freddy Maertens… In the beginning, the museum only showed a few old bicycles and organised an exhibition in summer.

paragraphs: In 1998, they made the final decision to replace the old folkloristic museum for a real Cycling Museum, the National Cycling Museum. Ferdy Callewaert was the first conservator till he retired in 2006. Old-racing cyclist Freddy Maertens worked from 2000 till 2007 at the museum and he welcomed often the visitors. In 2005 King Albert II visited the museum. In 2010 the museum got the short name ‘WieMu’.

paragraphs: After a renovation, the museum re-opened on 8 September 2018. The new name of the museum is "KOERS. Museum van de wielersport". At the museum, there are also the municipal touristic service and a pub.

paragraphs: The museum shows the history of bicycles from 1760 till now: all sorts of old bicycles and modern bicycles used for professional duties, leisure and sport. In the beginning, that was the heart of the collection of the cycling museum. After some years, the museum became more and more specialized in cycle-racing. So the museum has a lot of racing-bicycles, cycling-trophies and -souvenirs, cycling-clothes, portraits of racing cyclists etc.

paragraphs: In one of the halls, you find a lot about the local world-champion Jean-Pierre Monseré, who lost his life as world-champion during a race in 1971. Another hall shows an old workshop of bicycle-maker Hallaert where you can learn about the technical evolution of the bicycle.

paragraphs: The cycling museum has a documentationcentre about cycling with a lot of photos, old newspapers and (cycling-)magazines, programme brochures and cycling archives. The museum publishes regular exhibition catalogues or books of exercises. Since 2012 the museum publishes the cycling-historic magazine ‘Etappe’.

paragraphs: The museum ‘WieMu’ is situated in the earlier fire-station. The station was built between 1899 and 1902. Till 1962 it was a fire-station. During World War I, German soldiers lived in the station. On 21 July 1917, it was bombed by British aircrafts. After the war it was rebuilt. The building was also used for several public services such as a festive hall, a school, sportaccommodation and a folkloristic museum. The building is now a classified monument and partly restored.


title: Roeselare station

paragraphs: The station of Roeselare is a railway-station on railway-line 66 (Bruges – Kortrijk) in the Belgian city of Roeselare. The station is the terminal station of the old abolished railway-line 64 (Ypres – Roeselare) and the also abolished railway-line 65 (Roeselare – Menen – French frontier).


title: Jacqueline Naze Tjøtta

paragraphs: Jacqueline Andrée Naze Tjøtta (1 June 1935 – 9 March 2017) was a French-born Norwegian mathematician. She became the first female mathematical sciences professor in Norway.

paragraphs: Naze was born in Montpellier, France. She graduated in mathematics from the Aix-Marseille University and Sorbonne, Paris. She married Norwegian mathematician Sigve Tjøtta in 1964.

paragraphs: Naze was appointed professor in applied mathematics at the University of Bergen from 1966. Her research interests have focused on kinetic theory, magnetohydrodynamics and theoretical acoustics.

paragraphs: Naze died in Oslo, Norway on 9 March 2017, aged 81.


title: Roya Saberi Negad Nobakht

paragraphs: Roya Saberi Negad Nobakht (Farsi: رویا صابری نژاد نوبخت) (born c. 1967) is a Iranian-British housewife who was put in prison after she returned to Iran to visit her family. While living in England, she wrote on Facebook that Iran was "too Islamic". The Iranian government put her in prison and accused her of “insulting Islamic sanctities”, a crime that carries death penalty.

paragraphs: Roya was born in Iran. In 1998 she emigrated to England. Since 2008, she has lived in Stockport, near Manchester, England. In 2013 Roya returned to Iran to visit her family. Two weeks after she arrived, she flew to the city of Shiraz and was arrested by cyber police at the airport. Roya's husband, Daryoush Taghipoor, found out his wife was in prison when he traveled to the Middle East to look for her.

paragraphs: Roya was taken to Tehran and held at the notorious Evin prison. In June 2014, Roya was tried by Branch 28 of the Revolutionary Court, and sentenced to 20 years in prison.

paragraphs: Seven other Facebook users were arrested along with Roya. The other seven names are Amir Golestani, Masoud Ghasemkhani, Fariborz Kardarfar, Seyed Masoud Seyed Talebi, Amin Akramipour, Mehdi Reyshahri, and Naghmeh Shahisavandi Shirazi.

paragraphs: In June 15 2016 five of the defendants called the "Facebook activists" were released from prison. After applying "Article 134", her sentence was reduced to five years, however she is still in Evin Prison. She is in poor health and has frequent seizures.

paragraphs: Iran is accused of using innocent civilians as hostages to get payments from western countries. In January 2016, the U.S. government paid Iran $1.7 billion in cash. At the same time, Iran released five American citizens.


title: Sigve Tjøtta

paragraphs: Sigve Tjøtta (born 1 March 1930) is a Norwegian mathematician.

paragraphs: Tjøtta was born in Klepp, Norway. He studied at the University of Oslo, Brown University and at the Max Planck Institute.

paragraphs: He was appointed docent at the University of Bergen in 1960, and was promoted to professor in 1963. He replaced Oddvar Bjørgum, and had the job for the university's education in applied mathematics.

paragraphs: His fields of research include plasma, nonlinear acoustics, hydroacoustics and acoustic streaming. He was also the dean of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences from 1975 to 1977, and has held positions in NAVF, NTVF, and in the national committee of the International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. He has also been a visiting scholar at the University of Texas at Austin.

paragraphs: Tjøtta married Jacqueline Naze, a colleague, in 1964. They lived in Oslo. Naze died in March 2017.


title: Mai Dantsig

paragraphs: Mai Volfovich Dantsig (; ; April 27, 1930 – March 26, 2017) was a Belarusian artist. He was active during the Soviet era and independence of Belarus. He was thought to have been one of the founders of the contemporary Belarusian art.

paragraphs: Dantsig was the author of many paintings and drawings related to World War II and Soviet partisans including the "And the Saved World Remembers".

paragraphs: Dantsig died on March 26, 2017 in Minsk from heart failure caused by pneumonia, at the age of 86.


title: Parameter (computer science)

paragraphs: In computer science, parameters are stored names of information that we want to use for a subroutine. These pieces of information, called values, are then passed on to the subroutine to be used as arguments. Then these arguments can affect how the program will run.


title: Teodor Oizerman

paragraphs: Teodor Ilyich Oizerman (; 14 May 1914 – 25 March 2017) was a Soviet and Russian philosopher and academic.

paragraphs: Oizerman was born in a Jewish family. He was a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences from 1981 until his death. He received a doctorate, "honoris causa", from the University of Jena in 1979 and the USSR State Prize in 1983. In 1979 Oizerman was awarded the Plekhanov prize for the monograph "The Main Trends in Philosophy". He also served in the Anti-Zionist Committee of the Soviet Public.

paragraphs: Oizerman died on 25 March 2017 in Moscow of congestive heart failure at the age of 102.


title: Vladimir Kazachyonok

paragraphs: Vladimir Aleksandrovich Kazachyonok (; 6 September 1952 – 26 March 2017) was a Soviet football player and Russian coach. He was the academy director with FC Zenit Saint Petersburg until his death in 2017.

paragraphs: Kazachyonok made his debut for USSR on December 1, 1976 in a friendly against Brazil. He also played in a UEFA Euro 1980 qualifier against Finland.

paragraphs: Kazachyonok died on 26 March 2017 in Saint Petersburg, Russia from a suspected heart attack at the age of 64.


title: Jean Rouverol

paragraphs: Jean Rouverol (July 8, 1916 – March 24, 2017) was an American author, actress and screenwriter. She was blacklisted by the Hollywood movie studios in the 1950s. In 1943, Rouverol and her husband had joined the American Communist Party.

paragraphs: In the 1970s, Rouverol returned to writing. She scripted an episode of "Little House on the Prairie", and after publishing three books in three years, she was hired as co-head writer for the CBS soap opera "Guiding Light". Rouverol wrote scripts for "Search for Tomorrow" and "As the World Turns".

paragraphs: For many years Rouverol lived with actor Cliff Carpenter, who was another former blacklisted performer for many years. Rouverol died on March 24, 2017 at her home in Wingdale, New York at the age of 100.


title: Great spotted woodpecker

paragraphs: The great spotted woodpecker ("Dendrocopos major") is a medium-sized woodpecker with black and white plumage and a red patch on the lower belly. Males and young birds also have red markings on the neck or head.

paragraphs: This species is found across Eurasia and parts of North Africa. It is usually resident, but in the north some migrate if the conifer cone crop fails.

paragraphs: Some individuals have recolonised Ireland and some have got to North America. Great spotted woodpeckers chisel into trees to find food or excavate nest holes, and also drum for contact and territorial advertisement. They have anatomical adaptations to manage the physical stresses from the hammering.

paragraphs: The bird occurs in all types of woodlands and eats a wide range of food. It gets seeds out of pine cones, insect larvae from inside trees, and chicks of other birds from their nests. It breeds in holes excavated in living or dead trees, unlined apart from wood chips. When the young fledge they are fed by the adults for about ten days.


title: Ferrous metal recycling

paragraphs: Metals containing iron are recycled, so the iron can be used again. Steel is the metal recycled the most. One way iron is recycled is by adding carbon, which can make steel.

paragraphs: Steel containers, cans, cars, appliances, and building materials are the most recycled things in the United States. In 2008, 97% of the amount of steel used to build things was recycled. More than the amount of steel used to make cars was recycled. Most appliances are about 75% steel.

paragraphs: Iron is recycled because it costs less to recycle it than to mine iron and make it usable.


title: Armistice of Villafranca

paragraphs: The armistice and preliminaries of Villafranca were signed on 11 July 1859 in Villafranca di Verona , in the Veneto , by France and Austria. It put an end to the Austro-Franco-Sardinian War which constitutes for Italy, the second Italian War of Independence.

paragraphs: After the difficult battles of Magenta (4 June) and Solferino (24 June), Napoleon III , without consulting his Sardinian ally Cavour , proposed the armistice on 8 July and an interview on 11 July with the Emperor of Austria François- Joseph I . Although victorious, Napoleon III was frightened by the hecatomb (nearly 40,000 killed or wounded at Solferino) and the idea of having to continue an autumn and winter campaign against the Austrians entrenched in the quadrilateral. Moreover, the government and the Empress send him alarming information about the state of French opinion, Which is execrable. In particular, the Catholics, hitherto supported by the imperial regime, fear for the Papal States and the Pope's independence if Austria were eliminated from Italy. Finally, an anti-French feeling spread in Germany, where the Austrians were supported. The number of Prussian deaths is nearly 400 000 soldiers near the Rhine, stripped of French troops.

paragraphs: In Villafranca, it is agreed that Austria cedes Lombardy (except Mantua and Peschiera) to France, which restores it to the kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia. An Italian confederation under the presidency of Pope Pius IX was created, the Veneto under Austrian sovereignty being part of it. The dukes of Modena , Parma, and Tuscany, driven away by revolutions, found their thrones.

paragraphs: Cavour, not consulted, resigned on 10 July, while King Victor-Emmanuel II gave his agreement "in a personal capacity", thus leaving the door open to any governmental retraction.

paragraphs: These preliminaries were confirmed by the Treaty of Zurich of 11 November 1859.


title: Whatawhata

paragraphs: Whatawhata is a village in the region of Waikato, on the North Island of New Zealand. It had 2,475 people in 2013.

paragraphs: It lies on the eastern side of the Waipa River.

paragraphs: State Highways 23 and 39 cross each other at Whatawhata.


title: Il macigno

paragraphs: Il macigno (The Rock) is an Italian opera in two or three acts, music by Victor de Sabata and libretto by Alberto Colantuoni, It was first performed in Milan, on March 31, 1917. Then in 1935 in Turin, the work was renamed with the title changed to Driada, unfortunately the score disappeared in the fire bombing of the World War II in Milan in 1943, but remained a score for voice and piano, and the complete libretto.


title: Elbert Roest

paragraphs: Elbert Jan Roest (born October 13, 1954 in Hoogezand) is a Dutch politician of Democrats 66 (D66). He is also a historian and a former teacher.

paragraphs: He has started his political career in the municipality of Doesburg (province of Gelderland). In this city he was a councillor and an alderman, from 1992 to 2002.

paragraphs: Afterwards he became mayor in Laren (province of North Holland). Since September 2017 he has been mayor of Bloemendaal (also in North Holland).

paragraphs: Roest studied history at the University of Groningen, and worked several years as a history teacher. Furthermore he was involved in examination development, the so-called CITO.

paragraphs: He is a member of the European Association of History Educators (EUROCLIO), and participates in history writing about Balkan and former Soviet countries.