title: Understanding Media

paragraphs: Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man is a 1964 book by Marshall McLuhan. It was a pioneering study in media theory. McCluhan was a Professor of literature who was deeply interested in the way media had changed society.

paragraphs: The book proposes that media themselves affect their content in important ways. It is an attempt to understand how changing media have affected society. McLuhan suggests that media play a role, not by the content delivered, but by the characteristics of the medium itself.

paragraphs: McLuhan pointed to the light bulb as an example. A light bulb does not have content in the way that a newspaper has articles or a television has programs, but it is a medium that has a social effect. The light bulb lets people do things at nighttime which would be impossible in darkness. He describes the light bulb as a medium without any content. McLuhan states that "a light bulb creates an environment by its mere presence".

paragraphs: More controversially, he thought that content had little effect on society — for example, it did not matter if television broadcasts children's shows or violent programming — the effect of television on society would be identical. He noted that all media have characteristics that engage the viewer in different ways; for instance, a passage in a book could be reread at will, but a movie had to be screened again in its entirety to study any individual part of it. He made the point that reading, by its very nature, is a sequential medium. One reads it in a sequence. On the other hand, a medium like film presents information more holistically. There is a kind of "all at once-ness" about films and television.

paragraphs: The book is the source of the well-known phrase ""The medium is the message"". It was a leading indicator of the upheaval of local cultures by increasingly globalized values. The book's influence spread much further than academics, writers, and social theorists. It was widely read. It became a corner-stone in media studies courses.


title: Paul Butcher, Jr.

paragraphs: Paul Matthew Hawke Butcher (born February 14, 1994 in Los Angeles, California) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as "Dustin Brooks" on the Nickelodeon television series "Zoey 101".


title: Marshall McLuhan

paragraphs: Herbert Marshall McLuhan, CC (July 21, 1911 – December 31, 1980) was a Canadian Professor of English literature who turned his attention to media. He was interested in the ways different media affected society.

paragraphs: His work was a cornerstone of media studies, and had some practical applications in the advertising and television industries. His best-known work was "".

paragraphs: McLuhan is known for coining the expressions "the medium is the message" and the "global village".

paragraphs: Although he was a fixture in media discourse in the late 1960s, his influence began to wane in the early 1970s. In the years after his death, he continued to be a controversial figure in academic circles. With the arrival of the internet, however, there was renewed interest in his work and perspective.

paragraphs: McLuhan's "The Gutenberg Galaxy: the making of typographic man" (1962) was a history of print, and its effect on society.

paragraphs: In the book, McLuhan showed how alphabetic writing, the printing press and later media, affect thought, which in turn affects social organization:

paragraphs: "Understanding Media: the extensions of Man" was a pioneering study of the effects of media. The book suggests that media affect their content in important ways. It is an attempt to understand how different media have affected society. McLuhan suggests that media play a role, not by the content delivered, but by the characteristics of the medium itself.

paragraphs: McLuhan pointed to the light bulb as an example. A light bulb does not have content in the way that a newspaper has articles or a television has programs, but it is a medium that has a social effect. The light bulb lets people do things at nightime which would be impossible in darkness. He describes the light bulb as a medium without any content. McLuhan states that "a light bulb creates an environment by its mere presence". He then goes on to compare the effects of radio, television and film (movis).

paragraphs: The book is the source of the well-known phrase "The medium is the message". This is the idea that a medium like television actually affects the way information is seen and understood.

paragraphs: "The Medium is the Message: an inventory of effects" (1967) was a spin-off from his previous book. It was compiled by Quentin Fiore from writings of McLuhan with many photos and graphics selected by the compiler. The text is based on published McLuhan works, but the sources are not listed. It was a huge best-seller. "eventually selling nearly a million copies worldwide".


title: Robbie Robertson (album)

paragraphs: Robbie Robertson is the solo debut album by Robbie Robertson. It was released in 1987. The album won the Juno Award for "Album of the Year". Robertson and Daniel Lanois also won the "Producer of the Year" award.

paragraphs: U2 and Peter Gabriel contributed to the album. U2's contribution is heard in the song "Sweet Fire of Love" which is a duet between Robertson and Bono. The other track featuring U2 is "Testimony", which also has singing from Bono. Gabriel's contributions are heard on the song "Fallen Angel". This song was dedicated to Robertson's former bandmate from The Band, Richard Manuel.

paragraphs: The lyrics of "American Roulette" deal with the theme of Elvis Presley's rise to popularity. The song is notable for its guitar solo throughout as well as the instrumental outro. Elvis Presley is talked about in the second verse.

paragraphs: All songs written by Robbie Robertson except where noted.

paragraphs: Bonus tracks on the expanded edition (2005):


title: Alberto Suárez Laso

paragraphs: Alberto Suárez Laso (born December 19, 1977 in Riosa, Asturias) is a T12 athlete from Spain who competes in long distance races: the 5,000 meters, 10,000 meters, half marathon and marathon. He is a world record holder in the men's T12 marathon, winning gold in the event at the 2011 IPC Athletics World Championships and the 2012 Summer Paralympics.

paragraphs: Suárez was born December 19, 1977 in Riosa, Asturias. , he resides in Oviedo, Asturias.

paragraphs: Suárez won an award related to human values at the 2011 Asturian Best Sportspersons awards organized by the Asturian Sports Press Association. In 2012, he won the Asturian Sports Press Association award for best male athlete.

paragraphs: Suárez is a T12, a blind runner, and he sometimes compete against runners without disabilities. He belongs to the Laso Oviedo Athletics Club. As of 2012, Chus Castaño is his coach. He is a world record in the marathon.

paragraphs: Suárez competed in the 2011 Gran Fondo Siete Aguas International Trophy President of the Council of Valencia. He competed in the 2011 Spanish Paralympic national athletics championships held in Gijón. He competed in the 2011 IPC Athletics World Championships in Christchurch New Zealand. He was one of two Spanish competitors in the marathon. He was the first runner to finish the marathon and he made a world record by running the race with a time of 2.28:10. He also finished third in the men's T12 10,000 meter race.

paragraphs: Suárez's goal for his running in 2012 was to finish first at the 2012 London Paralympics in the marathon. He race in the 2012 Riosa Sports Days. He competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics, where hefinished firset in the men's T12 marathon and finished 6th in the men's T12 5,000 meter event. His first place was Spain's eighth first place of the Games. He finished the marathon in a time of 2:24.50, a new Paralympic Games record and World Record.

paragraphs: Suárez finished sixth in the 2013 Bareclona half marathon while racing against runners who did not have a disability. He set a personal best time in the half marathon at the race. He competed in the 2013 Divina Pastora 8 km Orotava held in the Canary Islands. He gave a speech two days before the race about physical activity, sport and eating patterns for athletes.


title: Project X

paragraphs: Project X is an American comedy movie from 2012. It was directed by Nima Nourizadeh and written by Michael Bacall and Matt Drake. The story is about three teenagers—Thomas, Costa and J. B.—who plan to gain popularity by throwing a party. Their plan quickly gets out of their control. Most of the movie's cast were not famous, being relatively new to acting. The movie is filmed as a home video from the perspective of one of the teenagers attending the party and using a camera to record the night's events.

paragraphs: "Project X" was released in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom on 2 March 2012. It made over US$100 million worldwide during its time in cinemas.

paragraphs: The "Project X (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)" is the soundtrack album for the movie. It was released by WaterTower Music on February 28, 2012. It has several artists and tracks released in the past decade. Musical genres range from hip hop to house music. The soundtrack mainly has the thirteen tracks that played in the movie. The soundtrack debuted on the U.S. "Billboard" Top 200 albums chart at number twenty-three. It peaked at number three on March 15th.

paragraphs: The soundtrack featured songs by Kid Cudi, D12, MGK, Nas, and . A popular song from the album is American rap artist Kid Cudi's 2010 single "Pursuit of Happiness." The song was re-released by disc jockey and house music producer Steve Aoki in 2011. Both versions were on the soundtrack.


title: Liquor

paragraphs: Liquor is any alcoholic drink containing ethanol and produced by distilling. They are also called distilled beverages. The term hard liquor is used around North America and India to tell distilled beverages from those that are weaker. If the beverage carries no added sugar or has at least 20% alcohol by volume, it is referred to as a spirit. Alcoholic beverages are under different regulations around the world.


title: Britain & Ireland's Next Top Model (series 9)

paragraphs: Britain and Ireland's Next Top Model, Cycle 9 is the ninth season of "Britain & Ireland's Next Top Model". This cycle includes 14 contestants.

paragraphs: First group of eliminated semi-finalists

paragraphs: Second group of eliminated semi-finalists


title: Abbie Cornish

paragraphs: Abbie Cornish (born 7 August 1982) is an Australian actress who has performed in some notable movies. Cornish was born in New South Wales, and grew up on a farm.

paragraphs: Her movies include "Somersault", "Candy" and "Bright Star". She played Emma Matisse in "One Perfect Day". She plays Ellen Murphy in the 2014 remake of RoboCop.


title: Barbara W. Tuchman

paragraphs: Barbara Wertheim Tuchman (January 30, 1912 – February 6, 1989) was an American historian and writer that wrote novels based with military. She became extremely known first after she wrote "The Guns of August" (which was later reprinted as "August 1914"). She received a Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction for that novel. She also wrote several other novels. She was born Barbara Wertheim in New York City; she died in Greenwich, Connecticut at the age of 77.


title: Manuel Garnica Roldan

paragraphs: Manuel Garnica Roldan (born August 25, 1978 in Granada, Spain) is a Paralympic athlete from Spain. He is blind, and has retinitis pigmentosa. This means his eye sight gets worse over time. Garnica competed in the 2008 Summer Paralympics and finished sixth in the T12 marathon. He did not finish in the 10,000 meter race. He competed in other races, most in Spain. 2011 IPC World Athletics Championships in Christchurch in the marathon where he finished fourth.

paragraphs: Garnica was born August 25, 1978 in Granada, Spain. His father was a police officer. While born in Granada, his family moved to Valencia when he was a baby. His parents learned about his eye sight problem when he was two years old. Doctors learned he had retinitis pigmentosa, an eye disease that means he sees worse over time. When he was a nine-year-old, he learned to read using braille after his eyesight got worse. He played basketball and handball when he was a boy.

paragraphs: Garnica moved to Madrid to study physiotherapy and become a physical education teacher. In 2009, he got an award for best athlete with a disability at the Onda Cero Sport Awards.

paragraphs: Garnica started in athletics after his eyesight got really bad, and is a T12 long distance track and field races.

paragraphs: In 2004, Garnica competed in a Fun Run in Cordoba. He finished in third. In 2007, he competed in the Cross Christmas of Fatima Race. In 2008, he competed in the Ruta de la Miel Race and he finished ninth.

paragraphs: Garnica competed in the 2008 Summer Paralympics where he finished six in the T12 marathon and did not finish in the 10,000 meter race.

paragraphs: In 2009, Garnica did not run fast enough to go to the European Athletics Championships. In 2009, he came in second in the Memorial Adolfo Rivera race with a time of 30.55, one second behind the person who finished first, Joaquín de la Vega de la Coba. He competed in the Subida al Santuario Virgen de la Sierra Race where he finished number two with a time of 1.3:59. He participated in the Paternal Gran Fondo Half Marathon, where he finished fifth. In 2010, he competed in the City of Villa del Rio Race, where he finished first in the 500 meter race. That year, he also competed in the 'A goal for all' 10 km race, where he came in first in the men's vision impaired group. In 2011, his guide runner was Maribel Díaz. The pair competed in the Race of Trinity, which they won with a time of 30:19. The race was the first in the Spanish Provisional Racing Circuit. He also competed in the Villafranca de Cordoba Solidarity Race in 2011. He also competed in the 2011 Cordoba Half Marathon, where he came in first in the men's vision impaired group.

paragraphs: Garnica competed at the 2011 IPC World Athletics Championships in Christchurch, New Zealand and finished fourth in the T12 marathon. He was one of two Spanish runners competing in the marathon. He qualified for the 2011 IPC Championships after setting a qualifying time of 2.35:54 in the Sevilla Marathon. His guide runner for the two races was Joaquin de la Vega.


title: Ailee

paragraphs: Amy Lee is Korean-American singer and actress in South Korea. She is known by the stage name Ailee. Born in Denver, she grew up in New Jersey, in the United States. She started as a Youtube singer, with some success. In 2010 she moved to South Korea with the goal of being a professional singer. Her first single, "Heaven", was released in 2012. Within one month of her debut she had already won two music awards.

paragraphs: On September 13, 2011, Ailee along with Wheesung held a performance on the MBC's Chuseok special episode of "Singer and Trainee". Ailee's stage presence was immediately felt by the audience, who was amazed that she was like a professional singer, even though she had not yet officially debuted. Following her solo performance of "Halo" by Beyoncé, singer BMK expressed, "Wherever she goes, she has the potential to be a big star. She definitely has the voice." After the judges had graded everyone, Ailee won first place.

paragraphs: Ailee is known for her strong vocal quality and range. By 2016, she had won 26 music awards.


title: Dorothy Height

paragraphs: Dorothy Irene Height (March 24, 1912 – April 20, 2010) was an American civil rights and women's rights activist. She worked with issues of African American women. She did unemployment, illiteracy and voter awareness work. She worked for the National Council of Negro Women for forty years. She received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1994 and the Congressional Gold Medal ten years after that.

paragraphs: Height was born in Richmond, Virginia. She was raised in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, where she graduated high school. She died in Washington, D.C. at age 98.


title: Marta Eggerth

paragraphs: Marta Eggerth (April 17, 1912 – December 26, 2013) was a Hungarian actress whose career lasted almost thirty years. She did movies, stage and television. That included the Broadway musical "Higher and Higher". Eggerth was born in Budapest.

paragraphs: Eggerth died on December 26, 2013 in Rye, New York from natural causes, aged 101.


title: Anne Brown

paragraphs: Annie Wiggins Brown (or just Anne Brown; (August 9, 1912 – March 13, 2009) was an American soprano and actress. She was in many stage plays. She was the first person to play the role of Bess in the opera stage play "Peggy and Bess". She was also a radio performer and musician. Other notable plays included "Mamba's Daughters" and "Pins and Needles".

paragraphs: Brown was born in Baltimore, Maryland, but later moved to Oslo, Norway. She died at 96.


title: Reta Shaw

paragraphs: Reta Shaw (13 September 1912 – 8 January 1982) was an American actress. She was known for playing condescending or domineering women, mostly on television. She acted in "The Dick Van Dyke Show" as an unemployment office worker. She played Mrs. Brill in the movie "Mary Poppins".

paragraphs: Shaw was born in Maine. She died from pneumonia at age sixty-nine.


title: Evelyn Venable

paragraphs: Evelyn Venable (18 October 1913 – 15 November 1993) was an American actress. She performed as the Blue Fairy in "Pinocchio", a 1940 movie. She also played the mother of Shirley Temple in the movie "The Little Colonel".

paragraphs: Venable was born in Cincinnati, Ohio. She died from cancer in Idaho, aged eighty.


title: Joanne Linville

paragraphs: Joanne Linville (born January 15, 1928) is an American Jewish actress. She acted in a lot of television series and movies. Her television work includes: "Gunsmoke", "Have Gun Will Travel" and "Alfred Hitchcock Presents". Her movies include "The Goddess" and "Gable and Lombard".

paragraphs: Linville was born in Bakersfield, California. She was married to director Mark Rydell from 1962 until they divorced in 1973.


title: Robert Stack

paragraphs: Charles Langford Modini Stack (or Robert Stack; 13 January 1919 – 14 May 2003) was an American television and movie actor. He also hosted television programs. He played crime fighter Eliot Ness in the TV series "The Untouchables" and in the series "The Name of the Game". He hosted "Unsolved Mysteries" (1987-2002).

paragraphs: Stack was born in Los Angeles. He died of a heart attack at age 84 in Beverly Hills, California. He was married to actress Rosemarie Bowe from 1956 until his death. They're great-nephew is SNL comedian Taran Killam.


title: Bristol Beaufighter

paragraphs: The Bristol Beaufighter is a British military aircraft of World War II. It is a twin-engine aircraft. It has two or three seats. It is built of metal and wood. It was developed from the Bristol Beaufort light bomber. It was used by the Royal Air Force, Royal Canadian Air Force, and United States Army Air Force. After war, it was used by other countries like Dominican Republic, Israel, and Turkey.


title: Agusta A.109

paragraphs: The Agusta A.109 is an Italian helicopter. It has both civilian and military use. It is a twin-turboshaft helicopter built in all-metal. Its uniqueness comes from its retractable landing gear. From 2000 it has been built as AW.109 by the British and Italian company AgustaWestland. AgustaWestland AW119 Koala is a modernized variant.


title: HTC Evo 4G LTE

paragraphs: The HTC Evo 4G LTE is a cell phone by Sprint. It operates on Android.


title: AgustaWestland AW119 Koala

paragraphs: The AgustaWestland AW119 Koala is a modernized variant of Italian helicopter Agusta A.109. It is a single-turboshaft helicopter built entirely of metal.


title: Iris Murdoch

paragraphs: Dame Jean Iris Murdoch (15 July 1919 – 8 February 1999) was an Irish-born British author, known professionally as Iris Murdoch. Her novels were about good and evil, sexual relationships and the power of the unconscious. Her first book, "Under the Net", was released in 1954 and became a classic. Her other memorable books include "The Black Prince" and "The Sea, the Sea". Both of those books were about eroticism and love. In 1987, she was made a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire.

paragraphs: Murdoch was born in Dublin, Ireland. She died at age seventy-nine due to Alzheimer's disease in Oxfordshire, England.


title: WWE 2K14

paragraphs: WWE 2K14 is a professional wrestling video game developed by Yuke's & Visual Concepts and published by 2K Sports.

paragraphs: The game was released on October 29, 2013 in North America, October 30, 2013 in Japan and November 1, 2013 in both Europe and India. It is the first game in the WWE 2K video game series and the first WWE game to be released under 2K Sports since Take-Two acquired the license from THQ in a bankruptcy filing.

paragraphs: IGN rated the game a 8.7 out of 10 and said "It still lacks the brains to deliver competent AI and commentators, but WWE 2K14 has more than enough brawn to make up for it. 30 Years of Wrestlemania provides the strongest campaign backbone the series has had in a long time, the in-ring action is faster and more fluid than it’s been in years, and thanks to WWE 2K14′s continually expanding creation suite, we’re swimming in more options than we ever knew we wanted. It is indeed “time to play the game.”

paragraphs: GameSpot gave the game a 6 out of 10 and said that the game was clunky, they stated "It’s a shame the wrestling isn’t up to par in WWE 2K14 because the elements surrounding it are so interesting…For anyone who grew up loving professional wrestling, be prepared to be swept away in a tide of nostalgia. If only the core action could have been as compelling."


title: Patricia Medina

paragraphs: Patricia Medina (19 July 1919 – 28 April 2012) was an English actress. She began acting as a teen in the late 1930s. Medina later moved to Hollywood. She acted in period melodramas, such as "The Black Knight". Her more memorable movies were "Stranger at My Door" and "Mr. Arkadin". She was very prolific in the early 1950s, though her career faded toward the end of the decade. However, around 1968, she returned and starred in the lesbian themed movie "The Killing of Sister George".

paragraphs: Medina was born in Liverpool, England. She was married to Joseph Cotten from 1960 until his death in 1994. Medina died at age ninety-two due to natural causes in Los Angeles.


title: Roxwell

paragraphs: Roxwell is a village and civil parish in City of Chelmsford, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 1043 people living in Roxwell.


title: Sandon

paragraphs: Sandon is a village and civil parish in City of Chelmsford, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 1531 people living in Sandon. The parish also includes Howe Green and Butts Green.


title: South Hanningfield

paragraphs: South Hanningfield is a village and civil parish in City of Chelmsford, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 2312 people living in South Hanningfield. South Hanningfield has a church called St Peter’s Church, a tye green and a community hall.


title: South Woodham Ferrers

paragraphs: South Woodham Ferrers is a village and civil parish in City of Chelmsford, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 16629 people living in South Woodham Ferrers.


title: Maria Goretti

paragraphs: Saint Maria Goretti (born Ancona, Italy, 1890-1902) is a Roman Catholic saint. She died of stab wounds when she was 11 after an attempted rape, when she refused to submit to her attacker's demands. She is remembered in the Catholic church on July 6.


title: Stock, Essex

paragraphs: Stock is a village and civil parish in City of Chelmsford, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 2042 people living in Stock.


title: West Hanningfield

paragraphs: West Hanningfield is a village and civil parish in City of Chelmsford, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 1008 people living in West Hanningfield.


title: Saint Vincent amazon

paragraphs: The Saint Vincent amazon ("Amazona guildingii"), also known as Saint Vincent parrot, is the only parrot that lives in the island of Saint Vincent in the Caribbean.

paragraphs: It is a large, multi-colored parrot with a yellowish white, blue and green head, greenish-bronze upperparts plumage, and violet blue-green wings.

paragraphs: The bird is long. The plumage of this attractive species is highly variable: virtually no two birds look alike, with a yellowish white, blue and green head, greenish-bronze upperparts, violet blue-green wings, grey feet, and reddish eye. Its tail feathers are blue with broad yellow tips. Both sexes are similar.

paragraphs: There are two different colour morphs: a more common ‘yellow-brown’ morph, and a less common ‘green’ morph. Although both morphs are broadly similar in appearance, the upperparts of the 'green' morph are mainly dull-green and the head is bluish white.

paragraphs: The Saint Vincent amazon is endemic to the heavily forested mountains of the Caribbean island of Saint Vincent in the Lesser Antilles.

paragraphs: It lives in rainforests in the island's central mountains, from ; it prefers mountains and valleys at low elevation because there are larger, mature trees needed for the nests.

paragraphs: The Saint Vincent amazons live in groups and feed on the upper parts of large trees. Its diet consists mainly of fruits, seeds, flowers and leaves of several species of the rainforest.

paragraphs: They breed between January and June (mostly February-May) and their nests are in holes in mature, large trees. The female usually lays two to three eggs.

paragraphs: The combined effects of habitat loss, hunting for food, the capture to trade them as pets, and natural disasters (volcanoes and hurricanes, made that the number of Saint Vincent Amazon declined through the 20th century.

paragraphs: Due to all these contributing factors, the St. Vincent parrot is considered Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. It is listed on Appendix I and II of CITES.

paragraphs: A group of conservation measures has been able to avoid the extinction of the St Vincent Amazon, including: the enforcement of international and domestic legislation protecting this species from hunting and trade; the protection of habitat through the establishment of the St Vincent Parrot Reserve; and the delivery of successful public education campaigns.

paragraphs: On October 27, 1979, "A. guildingii" was declared the national bird of St. Vincent and the Grenadines as part of the country's first independence celebration.


title: Katy Jurado

paragraphs: Katy Jurado (16 January 1924 – 5 July 2002) was a Mexican actress. She had a successful career in both Mexico and Hollywood. She made seventy-one movies. She was the first Latin American actress nominated for an Academy Award (for a 1954 movie, "Broken Lance"). She also received a Golden Globe Award.

paragraphs: Jurado was often typecast to play ethnic roles when acting in American movies. She received more varieties of roles in Mexican movies. She was one of several Mexican actresses to succeed in Hollywood. Notable movies included "Broken Lance", "High Noon" and "The Badlanders".

paragraphs: Jurado died at 78 from kidney failure and lung problems.


title: Janet Waldo

paragraphs: Janet Waldo (February 4, 1920 – June 12, 2016) was an American actress and voice artist. She worked in movies, television and on radio. She was the voice of and Josie McCoy in "Josie and the Pussycats", Judy Jetson, and Penelope Pitstop. Janet played Corliss Archer in CBS' "Meet Corliss Archer" during the 1930s.

paragraphs: Waldo was born in Yakima, Washington. She died June 12, 2016 from brain cancer at her home in Encino, Los Angeles, California, age 96.


title: Gloria Vanderbilt

paragraphs: Gloria Laura Vanderbilt (February 20, 1924 – June 17, 2019) was an American artist, author, socialite and heiress. She was credited as an early developer of blue jeans. She was the mother of CNN reporter Anderson Cooper.

paragraphs: Vanderbilt worked in the fashion business in the 1970s and continued until the 1990s. In 2001, Vanderbilt opened her first art exhibition in Vermont. She was the author of several novels and memoirs. She also had several perfumes with her name. Vanderbilt was born in New York City

paragraphs: In 2016, Vanderbilt and her son Anderson Cooper pushlished a book titled, "The Rainbow Comes and Goes".

paragraphs: Vanderbilt died of stomach cancer at her home in Manhattan on June 17, 2019. She was 95.


title: L'Oréal

paragraphs: The L'Oréal Group are the world's largest beauty and cosmetics group. They have a registered office in Paris. Their products include skin care, sun protection and perfume. They are the main patent holder of nanotechnology within the United States. The group were established in 1909.

paragraphs: The net worth of the company as of 2017, is reported to be, $102.9 billion. In April 2017, the company moved to its new headquarters in New York.


title: Arlene Golonka

paragraphs: Arlene Golonka (born January 23, 1936) is an American actress who works mostly on television. She is known for playing bubbly and eccentric blondes. She played Millie Swanson in "The Andy Griffith Show". She also did "The Rockford Files", "Murder, She Wrote" and "All in the Family".


title: Valerie Solanas

paragraphs: Valerie Jean Solanas (9 April 1936 – 25 April 1988) was an American radical feminist author and playwright. Solanas was born in Ventnor City, New Jersey. She was a lesbian misandrist. She wrote many notable non-fiction books, and self-published "SCUM Manifesto" in 1968. That year, she shot Andy Warhol and Mario Amaya. In 1969, she was diagnosed with schizophrenia. She was convicted of assault and sent to prison. She was released in 1971. She died due to complications of pneumonia in San Francisco in 1988, aged 52.


title: Jessie Ware

paragraphs: Jessica Lois "Jessie" Ware (born 15 October 1985) is a British singer-songwriter. She signed a record agreement with PMR Records. She is best known for her 2012 single "Wildest Moments". She was a backing vocalist for Joker and SBTRKT. "Clash" magazine called Ware "the missing link between Adele, SBTRKT and Sade". The editor also gave a positive review on her debut album, "Devotion". The website, Idolator, named it one of best albums of 2012.

paragraphs: She is of Jewish descent (her mother is Jewish).

paragraphs: On the 17th June 2013 Ware was named as the Skiddle Artist of the Week.


title: Wildest Moments

paragraphs: "Wildest Moments" is a song by British singer-songwriter Jessie Ware. It was for her debut album, "Devotion". It was released in the United Kingdom on 29 June 2012. It was only available as a digital download. Since its release, "Wildest Moments" has received positive reviews and honors from music critics. The website, Pitchfork Media, gave the song its "Best New Music" award. In Belgium, the song was certified Gold for sales of 15,000 units.


title: Mitsubishi K3M

paragraphs: The Mitsubishi K3M is a Japanese training aircraft used during World War II. It is a single-engine aircraft built of metal and wood, for a crew of four people. Its first flight was in 1930. It was used by Japan Naval Aviation from 1931 to 1945. It was known as Pine by Allies of World War II registration.


title: Reflection (song)

paragraphs: "Reflection" is a song that is on the soundtrack of the 1998 animated movie, "Mulan". It was the first single by American singer Christina Aguilera. It was performed in the movie by Lea Salonga. Ming-Na Wen played the speaking voice of the main character Fa Mulan. Aguilera approached RCA Records. They allowed her to record the song. Disney was looking for a performer who could sing a musical note that was difficult for most performers. Aguilera recorded herself singing Whitney Houston's song, "Run To You". This was a response to Disney, who were impressed by her performance. Aguilera agreed to take a trip to Los Angeles to spend a week recording the album.

paragraphs: The song received a mixed review. Many reviewers agreed that it is a "nice song", however, they said it was not memorable. "Reflection" helped fund for Aguilera's debut album. It also gained her popularity among songwriters and music producers. Because the song was not released for commercial audiences, it only charted on the "Billboard" Adult Contemporary chart. It peaked at number 19. The music video was included on the DVD release of "Mulan". Aguilera had performed the track on four televised performances. This includes at the CBS "This Morning" show. This caught the attention of songwriter Diane Warren.


title: I'll Stand by You

paragraphs: "I'll Stand By You" is a song by The Pretenders. It was released in 1994. It was for their sixth studio album, "Last of the Independents". It was written by Chrissie Hynde with help from Tom Kelly and Billy Steinberg. "I'll Stand By You" became a hit song for the group and their most popular recording. It became their last successful single in North America.

paragraphs: The song is a power ballad. It talks about love and faithfulness in times of feeling down or worthless. Since its release, the track had also became a major hit for the British girl group Girls Aloud in 2004. American singer Carrie Underwood recorded the song in 2007. She did so as a charity single to help others. Colombian singer Shakira recorded the song as a charity single as well. It was to raise money for the victims of the 2010 Haiti earthquake.


title: (I've Had) The Time of My Life

paragraphs: "(I've Had) The Time of My Life" is a duet by Bill Medley and Jennifer Warnes. It was written by Franke Previte, John DeNicola, and Donald Markowitz. The song was on the soundtrack of the 1987 movie, "Dirty Dancing". The song reached number one on the US "Billboard" Hot 100 chart in November 1987 for one week. It also reached number one on the Adult Contemporary chart for fourt weeks. In the United Kingdom, it reached number six. In January 1991, after the movie was released on television in the UK, it reached number eight.

paragraphs: The song won the Academy Award for Best Original Song in 1987. It also won the Grammy Award in 1988 for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals. Also in 1988, the song won the Golden Globe Awards for Best Original Song.


title: Ruta Lee

paragraphs: Ruta Lee (born 30 May 1936) is a Canadian actress. She has performed in a lot of movies and television programs. She was a semi-regular on the show "Hollywood Squares". She played Lettie in the movie "Funny Face" and a tennis girl in "The Girl in the Red Velvet Swing".

paragraphs: Lee was born in Montreal, but grew up in Los Angeles.


title: Naval Aviation

paragraphs: Naval Aviations have got several different missions :

paragraphs: In 2013 the following countries had a naval aviation: Argentina, Brazil, France, India, Italy, Japan, Russia, Spain, United Kingdom and the United States.

paragraphs: The first naval aviation was the British Royal Naval Air Service, that was created on 13 April 1912. On April 1, 1918 the RNAS and the Royal Flying Corps were merged into the Royal Air Force. During World War I and after World War II, naval aviations were used for all kinds of combat missions. Famous battles were Pacific War, Normandy Landings, Dieppe Raid and Battle of Midway. After the World Wars it was used for the Falklands War, the Libyan Civil War, and the Gulf War.

paragraphs: U.S.M.C. aviation was used in World War II,Korean War and the Vietnam War

paragraphs: U.S. Naval aviation was used in World War II,Korean War and the Vietnam War


title: Shirley Knight

paragraphs: Shirley Knight Hopkins (July 5, 1936 – April 22, 2020) was an American movie, stage and television actress. Knight was born in Goessel, Kansas.

paragraphs: Knight was nominated twice for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her roles in "The Dark at the Top of the Stairs" and "Sweet Bird of Youth". She played Ruth in the TV show "Thirtysomething", Edith Niedelmeyer in "Color of Night" and Edie Danziger in "Diabolique".

paragraphs: She also starred as Phyllis Van De Kamp in "Desperate Housewives". Knight also played Mrs. Blart in "".

paragraphs: She won a Golden Globe, a Tony and three Emmy Awards.

paragraphs: Knight died of natural causes on April 22, 2020, at her daughter’s home in San Marcos, Texas. She was 83.


title: Mary Millar

paragraphs: Irene Mary Wetton (or Mary Millar; July 26, 1936 – November 10, 1998) was a British actress. She acted in television and stage plays. She made her first television appearances in 1953 at age 17, in "Those were the Days". She played Cloris in "Lock Up Your Daughters" in 1962, and played the title role in "Ann Veronica" in 1969. Her best known role is that of Hyacinth Bucket's histrionic sister Rose in "Keeping Up Appearances".

paragraphs: Millar was born in Doncaster, West Riding of Yorkshire. She died from ovarian cancer in Brockley, south London, at age 62.


title: Poor Little Rich Girl

paragraphs: The Poor Little Rich Girl (or Poor Little Rich Girl) is a 1936 musical movie. Shirley Temple plays Barbara Barry, Gloria Stuart plays Margaret Allen and Alice Faye plays Jerry Dolan. The subject is a girl who is neglected by her rich and busy father. The movie got poor reviews from critics.


title: Althorne

paragraphs: Althorne is a village and civil parish in Maldon District, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 1104 people living in Althorne.


title: Asheldham

paragraphs: Asheldham is a village and civil parish in Maldon District, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 154 people living in Asheldham.


title: Christmas decoration

paragraphs: A Christmas decoration is any kind of decoration used for the holiday of Christmas. There are many different types of decorations used depending on the traditions of each culture. The inside and outside of homes are often decorated with lights and figures. They are also often hung in public areas, from street lights and community spaces.

paragraphs: Popular holiday plants include holly, mistletoe, ivy, red amaryllis, and Christmas cactus. Christmas trees are decorated with many ornaments.

paragraphs: The traditional colours of Christmas are green (evergreen), white (snow), and red. Gold and silver are also very common. Typical symbols of the holiday include baby Jesus, Santa Claus and the star of Bethlehem. Symbols of winter are also used, including snowflakes and snowmen.

paragraphs: Figural glass Christmas ornaments originated in the small town of Lauscha, Germany in the latter half of the 19th century. The town had long produced fine glassware. The production of Christmas ornaments became a family affair for many people. Some families invested 16 hours a day in production. For some, it was their sole source of income.

paragraphs: Sometimes competitions were held. Prizes were awarded to the family producing the finest examples. Santa Clauses, angels, birds, animals, and other traditional Yuletide subjects were favorites.

paragraphs: F.W. Woolworth discovered these glass ornaments on a toy and doll buying trip to Sonnenburg, Germany in the 1890s. He sold them in his "five and ten cent" stores in America. The ornaments were said to have contributed to Woolworth's great business success.

paragraphs: For the American market, figures were blown depicting comic book characters as well as patriotic subjects such as Uncle Sams, eagles, and flags. Glassblowers have held on to the old molds. Glass ornaments are still created from these old molds.

paragraphs: A clear glass tube is heated over an open flame. It is then inserted into a mold. The glassblower then blows into the end of the tube. The glass expands to fill the mold. The glass takes on the shape of the mold. It is cooled. A silver nitrate solution is swirled about inside the ornament. This gives the ornament a silver glow. The outside of the ornament is painted or decorated with metal trims, paper clippings, etc.

paragraphs: Cotton batting Christmas ornaments were popular during the years of the German Christmas toy and decoration boom at the turn of the century. They were exported in large numbers to the United States. These decorations suggested puffs of snow. Fruits and vegetables were popular subjects and often had a realistic appearance. African American and patriotic characters were fashioned for the American market. Some ornaments were used to hide boxes of candy.

paragraphs: Assembling these decorations was a cottage industry. Cotton batting was wound around a wire frame resembling a human or animal. A face was either painted on or a lithograph cut-out was affixed to the batting. Figures were given crepe paper costumes. Some were touched with glue and sprinkled with flakes of mica for a glittering appearance.

paragraphs: Dresdens are three-dimensional ornaments. They are made of paper, card, or cardboard. Dresdens were produced mostly in Dresden and Leipzig, Germany, from the 1860s to WWI. They were originally priced between 1 and 60 cents. Subjects included animals and birds, suns and moons, humans, carriages and ships, etc. Some Dresdens were flat, allowing the buyer to collect them in scrapbooks.

paragraphs: Positive and negative molds were set into a press. A moistened sheet of card was put into the press. The images were pressed. When they had dried, they were sent to cottage workers for the finishing touches. This involved separating the form-halves from the card, trimming ragged edges, and gluing the two halves together. The form was then gilded, silvered, or hand-painted. Sometimes a small gift or sweet was put into the form. Forms were usually no larger than five inches.


title: Bradwell-on-Sea

paragraphs: Bradwell-on-Sea is a village and civil parish in Maldon District, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 877 people living in Bradwell-on-Sea.


title: Burnham-on-Crouch

paragraphs: Burnham-on-Crouch is a town and civil parish in Maldon District, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 7759 people living in Burnham-on-Crouch. Burnham-on-Crouch is on the banks of the River Crouch.


title: Cold Norton

paragraphs: Cold Norton is a village and civil parish in Maldon District, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 1103 people living in Cold Norton. Cold Norton is at the south-east end of the Danbury Ridge.


title: Drawbridge

paragraphs: A drawbridge is a bridge that can be moved in order to stop or allow passage across it. They were often built as part of medieval castles which had moats.

paragraphs: Modern drawbridges are often built across large, busy waterways. They can be lifted to allow large ships to pass or lowered to allow land vehicles or pedestrians to cross.


title: Edna May Oliver

paragraphs: Edna May Oliver (originally Edna May Nutter; 9 November 1883 – 9 November 1942) was an American actress. She performed primarily on stage and in movies. She usually played tartly-tongued spinsters in her movies. Her notable movie roles included playing Mrs. Tracy Wyatt in "Cimarron", Aunt March for "Little Women" in 1933 and The Red Queen for "Alice in Wonderland", also in 1933.

paragraphs: Oliver was born in Malden, Massachusetts. She died following an intestinal blockage at age 59 in Malibu, California.


title: Braconidae

paragraphs: The Braconidae are a family of parasitoid wasps. They are one of the richest families of insects: there are between 50,000 and 150,000 species worldwide. The species are grouped into 45 subfamilies and about 1,000 genera.

paragraphs: Most braconids are parasitoids (both external and internal) on other insects. Their victims are the larvae of Coleoptera, Diptera, and Lepidoptera, and also some hemimetabolous insects such as aphids and bugs.

paragraphs: Most species kill their hosts, though some cause the hosts to become sterile and less active. The endoparasitoid species lay their eggs inside the victim. They have elaborate adaptations which improve larval survival inside the host. They have endosymbiotic viruses which disable the host immune defences. These polydnaviruses are often used by the wasps instead of a venom cocktail.

paragraphs: The DNA of the wasp actually has bits which are the templates for the viral particles. A study suggested these arrangements had started about 100 million years ago.

paragraphs: These viruses suppress the larva's immune system and allow the parasitoid to grow inside the host undetected. Through the evolutionary history of being used by the wasps, these viruses apparently have become so modified, they appear unlike any other known viruses today. Because of this highly modified system of host immunosuppression, a high level of parasitoid-host specificity is not surprising. In other words, the viruses need to be a bit different for every host species.

paragraphs: Parasitism on adult insects (particularly on Hemiptera and Coleoptera) also happens. Members of two subfamilies are known to form galls on plants.


title: Little Miss Broadway

paragraphs: Little Miss Broadway is a 1938 musical comedy-drama movie. Shirley Temple plays an orphaned girl named Betsy Brown. Edna May Oliver plays Sarah Wendling. The movie is about an apartment landlord who demands certain occupants pay $2,500, or move out. This movie is also about adoption and musical plays. Critics gave the movie very positive reviews.


title: Jane Darwell

paragraphs: Patti Woodward (or Jane Darwell; October 15, 1879 – August 13, 1967) was an American actress. She appeared in over 170 theatrical movies and on television and stage. She played the Bird Woman in the 1964 Disney movie "Mary Poppins". She played a grandmother or housekeeper in many movies in which Shirley Temple acted. She received an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress when she played Ma Toad in the movie "The Grapes of Wrath" in 1940.

paragraphs: Darwell was born as Patti Woodward in Missouri. She died from a heart attack at age eighty-seven in California.


title: Tony Thompson

paragraphs: Anthony T. "Tony" Thompson (15 November 1954 – 12 November 2003) was an American session drummer. He is best known as the drummer of the band The Power Station and a member of Chic.

paragraphs: Thompson was raised in Queens, New York. His mother was Trinidadian and father was of Antiguan descent. He first played drums for the group Labelle, and then for a short time was a member of the band Ecstasy, Passion & Pain. While he was the drummer for Chic, he played music with many artists such as Jody Watley, Madonna, Rod Stewart, Adam Ant, Mick Jagger and David Bowie.

paragraphs: Thompson died of renal cell carcinoma (kidney cancer) in Los Angeles. It was just two months after his bandmate Robert Palmer died from a heart attack. Thompson was a member of the band Non-Toxic at the time of his death. He was survived by his wife, Patrice Jennings, and two children. On 19 September 2005, Thompson and the rest of the Chic band members were inducted into the Dance Music Hall of Fame.


title: Dengie

paragraphs: Dengie is a village and civil parish in Maldon District, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 135 people living in Dengie.


title: Goldhanger

paragraphs: Goldhanger is a village and civil parish in Maldon District, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 647 people living in Goldhanger. Goldhanger has a pub called The Chequers Inn. It is located on the north bank of the Blackwater Estuary.


title: I'll Be Seeing You

paragraphs: I'll be Seeing You is a drama movie released in 1944. Ginger Rogers is Mary Marshall; Shirley Temple is Barbara Marshall. The movie is about social outcasts, romance and Christmas. The movie was released in January 1945 in United States theaters. It performed extremely well at the box office.


title: Great Braxted

paragraphs: Great Braxted is a village and civil parish in Maldon District, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 323 people living in Great Braxted.


title: Langford

paragraphs: Langford is a village and civil parish in Maldon District, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 156 people living in Langford. Langford shares a parish council with Ulting.


title: Cirrhosis

paragraphs: Cirrhosis is a disease of the liver. Normal liver tissue is replaced by scar tissue. The liver does not work so well.

paragraphs: Cirrhosis is caused mostly by alcoholism, hepatitis B or hepatitis C. Ascites (retention of fluid in the abdomen) is the most common complication for cirrhosis. The patient's skin develops a yellowish hue (jaundice) as the disease gets worse. Liver damage by cirrhosis cannot be repaired. It leads to a poor quality of life, and can cause death.


title: Latchingdon

paragraphs: Latchingdon is a village and civil parish in Maldon District, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 1232 people living in Latchingdon.


title: Little Braxted

paragraphs: Little Braxted is a village and civil parish in Maldon District, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 128 people living in Little Braxted. Little Braxted has a pub called The Greenman.


title: Margaret Lockwood

paragraphs: Margaret Lockwood (September 15, 1916 – July 15, 1990) was an English actress who starred in melodramatic movies and television series. She acted as Annie Ridd in the 1935 movie adaptation for "Lorna Doone" and as Iris Henderson in the 1938 comedy and thriller movie "The Lady Vanishes". Her best success was in "The Wicked Lady", a movie in which Lockwood played a wicked woman.

paragraphs: Lockwood was born in Karachi and raised in London. She died due to complications of cirrhosis at 73.


title: Little Totham

paragraphs: Little Totham is a village and civil parish in Maldon District, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 372 people living in Little Totham.


title: The Lady Vanishes

paragraphs: The Lady Vanishes is a comedy-thriller movie of 1938. The subjects of the movie are a beautiful tourist named Iris Henderson, disappearance and abduction. Margaret Lockwood stars as Iris. The movie was directed by Alfred Hitchcock. It performed quite well in the box office. The reviews were very positive.


title: Mundon

paragraphs: Mundon is a village and civil parish in Maldon District, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 356 people living in Mundon. Mundon has a church called St Mary which went redundant on 14/04/1970.


title: North Fambridge

paragraphs: North Fambridge is a village and civil parish in Maldon District, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 752 people living in North Fambridge.


title: May Whitty

paragraphs: Dame May Whitty (also known as Mary Louise Whitty; June 19, 1865 – May 29, 1948) was an English actress. She acted in many movies. She played Miss Froy in the 1938 comedy-thriller movie "The Lady Vanishes". She also played Lady Beldon in "Mrs. Miniver" four years later; she received an Academy Award nomination for that performance.

paragraphs: Whitty was born in Liverpool, England. She died in Beverly Hills, California from cancer at age eighty-two.


title: Purleigh

paragraphs: Purleigh is a village and civil parish in Maldon District, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 1147 people living in Purleigh.


title: RIAA equalization

paragraphs: RIAA equalization means equalization used in vinyl records. Without it is not possible to have so much music on one disk. It was established by the Recording Industry Association of America.


title: Steeple, Essex

paragraphs: Steeple is a village and civil parish in Maldon District, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 450 people living in Steeple.


title: Stow Maries

paragraphs: Stow Maries is a village and civil parish in Maldon District, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 199 people living in Stow Maries.


title: Tillingham

paragraphs: Tillingham is a village and civil parish in Maldon District, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 1015 people living in Tillingham. Tillingham was first recorded in 1000AD.


title: Tolleshunt D'Arcy

paragraphs: Tolleshunt D'Arcy is a village and civil parish in Maldon District, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 973 people living in Tolleshunt D'Arcy. Tolleshunt D'Arcy is located on a junction for routes for Tollesbury, Maldon, Tiptree, and Mersea.


title: Mrs. Miniver

paragraphs: Mrs. Miniver is a 1942 British drama movie. It won six Academy Awards, including the Best Picture and Best Director. The movie is about a housewife during World War II who finds herself confronting a German pilot, and about relationship disagreement. Walter Pidgeon and Greer Garson play Mr. and Mrs. Miniver. May Whitty plays Lady Beldon.

paragraphs: "Mrs. Miniver" was released in June 1942. It got very positive reviews from critics. It made a lot of money.


Brightwell


title: Ruth Ann Minner

paragraphs: Ruth Ann Minner (also known as Ruth Ann Coverdale; born 17 January 1935) is an American businesswoman and politician. She was the first female governor in Delaware (2001 to 2009). She is a member of the United States Democratic Party. She began her political career during the 1970s. She was born Ruth Coverdale in Milford, Delaware.


title: Robert Conrad

paragraphs: Robert Conrad (born Conrad Robert Falk; March 1, 1935 – February 8, 2020) was an American television series and movie actor. He also hosted a two-hour national radio show. He portrayed Secret Service Agent James West in CBS' TV show "The Wild Wild West". He also played an American spy in the series "Assignment Vienna". He was born in Chicago.

paragraphs: In 2003, Conrad was involved in a car accident after driving under the influence. He was convicted of drunk driving and sentenced to six months under house arrest. The accident left him partially paralyzed.

paragraphs: Conrad died of heart failure at his home in Malibu, California on February 8, 2020 at the age of 84.


title: Gene Vincent

paragraphs: Vincent Eugene Craddock (or simply Gene Vincent; February 11, 1935 – October 12, 1971) was an American musician. His music was rock and roll and rockabilly. He was notable for his 1956 classic single "Be-Bop-A-Lula". He had other hit songs, including "Race with the Devil".

paragraphs: Vincent was born in Norfolk, Virginia. He died in California from a stomach ulcer, age 36.


title: Ciaran Bourke

paragraphs: Ciaran Bourke (February 18, 1935 – May 10, 1988) was an Irish singer. He was part of the group The Dubliners. His songs included "Penny Lettermore" and "Roddy McCorley".

paragraphs: Bourke was born in Dublin. He died due to complications of an aneurysm near the brain, age 53.


title: Ann Rule

paragraphs: Ann Stackhouse (or Ann Rule; 22 October 1931 – 26 July 2015) was an American non-fiction writer from Lowell, Michigan. Her first book, "The Stranger Beside Me", was about the serial killer Ted Bundy, a man who used to work with Ann Rule. She went on to write many more true crime books..


title: Carol Heiss

paragraphs: Carol Elizabeth Heiss Jenkins (born January 20, 1940) is an American figure skater and former actress. She received gold and silver medals in the 1956 and 1960 Winter Olympics. She retired from figure skating after the 1960 Olympics, She starred in the 1961 movie "Snow White and the Three Stooges". She was the first female skater to perform a double Axel jump. Heiss was born in New York City.


title: Wayne, New Jersey

paragraphs: Wayne is a town in Passaic County, New Jersey.

paragraphs: The temperature in Wayne is usually between 50 to 90 degrees Fahrenheit. When it rains, the lowland areas usually flood.

paragraphs: Wayne has the headquarters for Toys "R" Us. Other businesses include Piermount Works, a Ford dealership, and Bally Fitness.


title: Abdullah the Butcher

paragraphs: Lawrence Robert "Larry" Shreve (born January 11, 1941 in Windsor, Ontario) better known by his ring names, Abdullah the Butcher and The Madman from the Sudan, is a semi-retired Canadian professional wrestler.

paragraphs: Due to years of frequent blading, there are many scars on his forehead. Mick Foley said that Shreve used to gambling chips into the deeper divots in his head to both entertain and scare the people at the casinos they went to.

paragraphs: During his professional career, Shreve has competed for many different companies including WCW, ECW, Dragon Gate, New Japan Pro Wrestling.

paragraphs: He was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame in 2011 by Terry Funk. "Superstar" Billy Graham hat he wanted his own name to be taken out of the Hall of Fame, saying "It is a shameless organization to induct a bloodthirsty animal such as Abdullah the Butcher into their worthless and embarrassing Hall of Fame and I want the name of Superstar Billy Graham to be no part of it."

paragraphs: Shreve held many championships during his professional wrestling career:


title: Teresa Wright

paragraphs: Muriel Teresa Wright (or simply Teresa Wright; 27 October 1918 – 6 March 2005) was an American Academy Award winning actress. She starred in many movies. She received an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her acting performance in "Mrs. Miniver" in 1942. She was also nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in "The Pride of the Yankees", also in 1942. She was also in "Shadow of a Doubt", which was by Alfred Hitchcock and in other movies.

paragraphs: Wright was born Harlem in New York City. She died in New Haven, Connecticut from a heart attack at 86.


title: Rise of the Planet of the Apes

paragraphs: Rise of the Planet of the Apes is a 2011 American science fiction movie. It stars James Franco, John Lithgow, Brian Cox, Tom Felton, and Andy Serkis. It was released on August 5, 2011. It got positive reviews. A sequel to the movie, "Dawn of the Planet of the Apes", was released on July 11, 2014. A third movie, "War of the Plant of the Apes" was scheduled for release on July 14, 2017.

paragraphs: Roger Ebert gave the movie 3 out of 4 stars. He liked how Andy Serkis played Caesar by saying it was a "wonderfully executed character" and "one never knows exactly where the human ends and the effects begin, but Serkis or Caesar gives the best performance in the movie."


title: Romeo Is Bleeding

paragraphs: Romeo is Bleeding is a melodramatic 1993 crime movie. Annabella Sciorra plays Natalie, Gary Oldman plays Jack and Juliette Lewis plays Sheri. The movie is about activities by the Mafia and corrupt officers. This movie was released in 1994 in United States theaters. Reviews of "Romeo is Bleeding" were very bad. The movie performed very badly in the box office.


title: Frölunda HC

paragraphs: Frölunda HC is an ice hockey club in the town of Gothenburg in Sweden. It was started in 1944 as the ice hockey team of Västra Frölunda IF. The ice hockey section became an independent club in 1984. It then adopted the name Västra Frölunda HC. In 2004 the name was shortened to Frölunda HC.

paragraphs: The club adopted the nickname Indians in 1995. The nickname refers to the team being nicknamed the "Wild West" back in the 1960s.

paragraphs: Frölunda HC won the Swedish national championship in the years of 1965, 2003, 2005 and 2016. The team also lost the Swedish national finals in 1966, 1967, 1980, 1996 and 2006.


title: Skellefteå AIK

paragraphs: Skellefteå AIK is an ice hockey club in the town of Skellefteå in Sweden. It was established in 1921. The club adopted the game of ice hockey in 1943. It won the Swedish national championship in 1978, 2013 and 2014. The team also lost the Swedish national finals in 2011, 2012, 2015 and 2018.


title: Södertälje SK

paragraphs: Sdertälje SK is an ice hockey club in the town of Södertälje in Sweden. It was established in 1902 and adopted the game of ice hockey in 1925. The club won the Swedish national championship in the years of 1925, 1931, 1941, 1944, 1953, 1956 and 1995. The club also lost the national finals in the years of 1928, 1929, 1932, 1937, 1942, 1946, 1951 and 1986.


title: Djurgårdens IF Hockey

paragraphs: Djurgårdens IF Hockey is the ice hockey section of sports club Djurgårdens IF in the town of Stockholm in Sweden. The section was started in 1922. They won the Swedish national championship in the years of 1926, 1950, 1954, 1955, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1983, 1989, 1990, 1991, 2000, 2001 and 2001. The team also lost the Swedish national finals in the years of 1923, 1924, 1927, 1979, 1984, 1985, 1992, 1998 and 2010.


title: AIK IF

paragraphs: AIF IF is the ice hockey section of sports club AIK in the town of Solna in Sweden. The section was started in 1921 and won the Swedish national championship in the years of 1934, 1935, 1938, 1946, 1947, 1982 and 1984. They also lost the Swedish national finals in the years of 1930, 1936, 1949, 1978 and 1981.


title: Leksands IF

paragraphs: Leksands IF is an ice hockey club in Leksand in Sweden. It was established in 1919. The club adopted the game of ice hockey in 1938. It won the Swedish national championship in 1969, 1973, 1974 and 1975. It lost the Swedish national finals in 1959, 1964, 1971, 1972, 1975 and 1989.


title: Brynäs IF

paragraphs: Brynäs IF is an ice hockey club in the town of Gävle in Sweden. It was established in 1912. The club adopted the game of ice hockey in 1939. The club won the Swedish national ice hockey championship in 1964, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1976, 1977, 1980, 1993, 1999 and 2012. It also lost the Swedish national finals in 1975, 1995 and 2017.


title: John Kotelawala

paragraphs: Sir John Lionel Kotelawala, KBE, CH, KStJ, CLI (; 4 April 1897 – 2 October 1980) was a Sri Lankan soldier and politician. He was the third Prime Minister of Ceylon from 1953 to 1956.

paragraphs: Sir John Kotelawala was from a rich family. His father, John Kotelawala Snr, was an inspector in the Ceylon Police Force. His mother was Alice Attygalle. John Kotelawala Snr committed suicide when his son was 11. The family were in ruins, Alice Attygalle converted to Christianity from Buddhism. He attended the same Royal College, Colombo, but dropped out after independence riots in 1915.

paragraphs: Thereafter he took a trip to Europe after leaving school, which was very dangerous because World War I was being fought there. He stayed in Europe for five years, spending most of that time in England and France and attending Christ's College, Cambridge, University of Cambridge to study farming.

paragraphs: Kotelawala was known as a strict man who loved sports, horseback riding, cricket and particularly as a young man, got into fights when he was made fun of. He knew Sinhala, English and French. After returning to Ceylon, he took up managing his family's "farm" and mines.

paragraphs: He went on to serve 23 years mostly as a reservist (meaning a back up) since the Ceylon Defense Force was a army reservist of the British Army. In 1939 he became the commanding officer of the Ceylon Light Infantry and was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel in 1940. With the start of World War II, he became a member of the Ceylon's War Cabinet and was made a Colonel in 1942, the highest rank that a Ceylonese could achieve. Making himself a respectful man.

paragraphs: A strong supporter of the military, he was the first Chairman of the Ceylon Light Infantry Association in 1974. He was promoted to the rank of general on his deathbed.

paragraphs: He gave his home to the government to establish a national defense academy.

paragraphs: As early as 1915, Kotelawala had become interested in political leaders such as Don Senanayake and his brother F.R. Senanayake, who was married to Kotelawala's mother's sister.

paragraphs: He entered politics by being elected to the Legislative Council as the member of Kurunegala. Thereafter he entered the State Council as a backbencher and was re-elected in 1936. In his second term he was appointed Minister of Communications.


title: Strängnäs

paragraphs: Strängnäs is a locality in Sweden. It is west of Stockholm, and is the seat of Strängnäs Municipality.


title: Dudley Senanayake

paragraphs: Dudley Shelton Senanayake (; 19 June 1911 – 13 April 1973) was a Ceylonese politician. He was the second Prime Minister of Ceylon.


title: Wijeyananda Dahanayake

paragraphs: Wijeyananda Dahanayake (; 22 October 1902 – 4 May 1997) was a Sri Lankan politician. He was the Prime Minister of Ceylon from 1959 to 1960.


title: D. S. Senanayake

paragraphs: Don Stephen Senanayake (; 20 October 1884 – 22 March 1952) was an independence activist. He was the first Prime Minister of Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) from 1947 to 1952.

paragraphs: He was born in the village Botale. He was the son of Mudaliyar Don Spater Senanayake and Dona Catherina Elizabeth Perera Gunasekera Senanayake. Brought up in a Buddhist family, he entered Anglican school S. Thomas' College, Mutwal. Though a smart student, at school Senanayake did not succeed. He witnessed Buck’s famous farewell speech "You have learned the best lessons from STC (St. Thomas’s College)... true manliness and truth, courage, purity and all those things that make a man a gentleman...".


title: Talduwe Somarama

paragraphs: Talduwe Ratugama Rallage Weris Singho, better known as Talduwe Somarama (1915–1962), shot and killed Solomon Bandaranaike, the Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (then called Ceylon) in 1959. He later converted to Christianity, just weeks before being hanged in the Welikada gallows.


title: Mjällby AIF

paragraphs: Mjällby AIF is an association football club in Hällevik in Sweden. The club was founded in 1939, and played its first Allsvenskan season in 1980.


title: IF Brommapojkarna

paragraphs: IF Brommapojkarna is an association football club in Bromma in Sweden. The club was founded in 1942, and played its first Allsvenskan season in 2007.


title: Ängelholms FF

paragraphs: Ängelholms FF is an association football club in the town of Ängelholm in Sweden. The club was founded in 1976, and played its first Superettan season in 2002.


title: Falkenbergs FF

paragraphs: Falkenbergs FF is an association football club in the town of Falkenberg in Sweden. The club was founded in 1928, and played its first Superettan season in 2003.


title: Östersunds FK

paragraphs: Östersunds FK is an association football club in the town of Östersund in Sweden. The club was founded in 1996. It played its first Superettan season in 2013. On 27 October 2015, the club qualified for Allsvenskan for first time.


title: Crosier

paragraphs: A crozier is a shepherd's staff carried by high ranking churchmen such as bishops including the Pope.


title: Initial public offering

paragraphs: An initial public offering (IPO) or stock market launch is a type of public offering. A public offering is any tradable asset that is offered to the public. In an initial public offering, shares of stock in a company are sold to the general public, on a securities exchange, for the first time. Through this process, a private company transforms into a public company. Initial public offerings are used by companies to raise money for expansion and to become publicly traded enterprises. A company selling shares is never required to repay the money to the people who buy them.

paragraphs: The IPO of Alibaba was the largest ever. Now 2019 ARAMKO from Soudi Arabia becames largest one by 25.6 Billion dolloars

paragraphs: Before 2009, the United States was the leading issuer of IPOs in terms of total value. Since that time, however, China (Shanghai, Shenzhen and Hong Kong) has been the leading issuer. It raised US$73 billion up to the end of November 2011. This was almost double the amount of money raised on the New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ combined.


title: Sumith Balasuriya

paragraphs: Major General Sumith Balasuriya, VSV, USP, ndc, IG, SLA is a Sri Lankan general. He was the former Commandant, Sri Lankan Army Volunteer Force, Vice Chancellor/Commandant, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University and GOC, 23 Division.


title: Asoka Jayawardena

paragraphs: Major General (Rtd) Asoka K. J. Jayawardena RWP, RSP, VSV, USP, was a Sri Lankan career army officer. He was also the Provincial Governor of the North Eastern Province.


title: Rouen Cathedral (Monet)

paragraphs: The Rouen Cathedral series of oil paintings of the Rouen Cathedral were done by Claude Monet in the 1890s. The paintings in the series each capture the front of the cathedral at different times of the day and year. They each show the changes in the way the cathedral looks under different lighting conditions. There are more than thirty paintings in the series.

paragraphs: In the middle of winter in 1892, Monet lived in rooms across from Rouen Cathedral. He stayed until spring, painting its façade many times. Most versions were painted as seen here: close up and cropped at the sides. He returned the next winter to paint the cathedral again. He made more than thirty views of it. It was not the Gothic façade that was Monet's subject. It was the atmosphere that surrounded the cathedral. "To me the motif itself is an insignificant factor," Monet said, "What I want to reproduce is what exists between the motif and me."

paragraphs: All of the paintings in the series were made in 1892 and 1893. They were reworked in Monet's studio in 1894. In 1895, he chose what he considered to be the twenty best paintings from the series, and displayed them at his gallery in Paris. Of these twenty, he sold eight before the exhibition was over. Pissarro and Cézanne visited the exhibition and praised the series highly.


title: Qanat

paragraphs: A qanat is a series of well-like holes and tunnels dug to reach a natural underground source of water, usually run-off from a mountain. They were (and are) used to provide water in the desert regions of the Middle East. The oldest qanats, found in the region once known as Persia (now known as Iran), are believed to be a couple of thousand years old.


title: Anuruddha Ratwatte

paragraphs: General Anuruddha Leuke Ratwatte (14 July 1938 – 24 November 2011) was a Sri Lankan politician and Cabinet Minister.

paragraphs: Ratwatte studied at Trinity College, Kandy. He was a cousin of Sirimavo Bandaranaike.

paragraphs: He is the son of Harris Leuke Ratwatte. He was a member of the State Council in 1936 to 1947 for Kegalle and United National Party Member of Parliament for Mawanella from 1947 to 1952. His eldest son, Lohan Ratwatte is the Member of Parliament representing the Kandy District and second son Mahendra Ratwatte is the current Mayor of Kandy.


title: Devinda Kalupahana

paragraphs: Major General Devinda Kalupahana, RSP, USP, psc, SLAC, is a Sri Lankan general. He was the former General Officer Commanding of 3rd Division, and 2nd Division. He was Director of Operations, General Staff and Commandant, at the Sri Lanka Military Academy.

paragraphs: Kalupahana was educated at Royal College, Colombo. He joined the army in 1966, training to becoming an officer, a Cadet officer training at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst.


title: Sepala Attygalle

paragraphs: General Deshamanya Don Sepala Attygalle, LVO, ADC, idc, psc, SLAC (1922 — January 2001) was a Sri Lankan military leader, a civil servant and a diplomat. He became the longest-serving Commander of the Sri Lankan Army (1967–1977). He went on to serve as the Permanent secretary to the Ministry of Defense and Sri Lankan High Commissioner to the United Kingdom.


title: Geology of Connecticut

paragraphs: Connecticut is a US state. It is in the north-eastern side of the country. As part of the New England region, Connecticut has undergone much geologic change. It has been shaped by plate tectonics, volcanism, and glacial activity.

paragraphs: During the early Triassic Era, the super-continent Pangea was formed as the Iapetus Ocean closed up and the proto-North American continent collided with Avalonia (modern day Africa). This caused great uplift and the creation of the Appalachian Mountains. The erosion of the Appalachian Mountains now exposes and lifts up metamorphic rocks that used to be very deep in the Earth's.

paragraphs: About 200 million years after this collision and the formation of Pangea, during the middle of the Mesozoic Era, the Atlantic Ocean floor started spreading. This caused a lot of stress. This caused a geologic fault. Connecticut's famous Eastern Border Fault was created. As a result, the land west of this fault was downset, creating a rift valley and causing the land to tilt an average of 15 to 25 degrees. The fault is currently inactive. The formation of this basin eventually refilled with soft fluvial and alluvial sediments.

paragraphs: During Ice Ages, glacial activity shaped much of New England's landscape, eroding mountains, leaving glacial till scattered everywhere, and forming glacial lakes. At its greatest extent, one of these glaciers leaves behind a moraine which became Long Island.

paragraphs: One of the biggest glacial lakes of the time was Glacial Lake Hitchcock. It formed when the Laurentide ice sheet retreated and glacial meltwater began to accumulate at the glacier’s terminal moraine in Rocky Hill, Connecticut and back up into the Connecticut River. The glacial lake left behind a soft, varved landscape, gathering silt and sand in the summertime due to the influx of glacial meltwater and clay in the wintertime as the lake froze until it was later drained.

paragraphs: River Valley has a soft surface. It is also high in nutrients and host the majority of Connecticut's farmland soils. The land on either side of the Connecticut River Valley is less suitable for farmlands. The eastern section holds the shallow Proto-North American Terrane while the western section contains the Iapetos and Avalonian Terranes. These places still holds remnants of glacial till and lack the soft fluvial sediments so prominent in the Connecticut River Valley region.


title: Animals of Connecticut

paragraphs: Connecticut has a variety of animal species.

paragraphs: There are 599 Connecticut species listed as endangered, threatened or of special concern. These are 11 species of mammals, 50 species of birds, 11 species of reptiles, 7 species of amphibians, 7 species of fish, and 170 species of invertebrates.

paragraphs: The Peabody Museum of Natural History and the Dinosaur State Park are two places which preserve the prehistory of Connecticut.

paragraphs: Extinct species that once roamed Connecticut include Coelophysis, Dilophosaurus, and Eubrontes.


title: Plants of Connecticut

paragraphs: Connecticut has a variety of plant species. Connecticut belongs to the North American Atlantic Region.

paragraphs: A complete census of tree species taken in 1885 in Hartford County listed 56 species of trees.

paragraphs: Connecticut has a lot of oak-hickory type central hardwood forests. This region historically had a lot of different oaks and chestnuts. However, hickory replaced chestnut with the spread of the chestnut blight.

paragraphs: In the northwestern hills of the state, there are more northern-hardwood type trees.


title: Crown colony

paragraphs: A Crown colony, also known in the 17th century as royal colony, was a type of colonial administration of the English and later British Empire. Crown, or royal colonies were ruled by a governor which is decided by the Monarch. By the middle of the nineteenth century, the Sovereign appointed royal governors on the advice of the Secretary of State for the Colonies. Under the name of "royal colony", the first of what would later become known as Crown colonies was the English Colony of Virginia. This happened in 1624 after the Crown removed the Royal Charter it had given to the Virginia Company.

paragraphs: Until the mid-nineteenth century, the term "Crown Colony" was only used to refer to those colonies which had been obtain through wars. Examples were Trinidad and Tobago, British Guiana, and the colonies of settlement, such as The Canadas, Newfoundland, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia, and New Zealand, later to become the Dominions. The term continued to be used up until 1981, when the British Nationality Act 1981 reclassified the remaining British colonies as "British Dependent Territories". From 2002 they have been known as British Overseas Territories.


title: The Star Chamber

paragraphs: The Star Chamber is a 1983 American legal crime drama thriller movie. The story is about law conditions preventing the prosecution of two men who are accused of murdering a 10-year-old boy. A judge named Hardin then tells another judge, Caulfield, of a Star Chamber (judges that identify criminals who fell through the cracks of the judicial system). Sharon Gless plays Emily Hardin, Michael Douglas plays Judge Hardin. This movie was released in August 1983. It received positive reviews from movie critics.


title: Striking Distance

paragraphs: Striking Distance is an American melodrama thriller movie from 1993. It is about a police Sergeant, Tom Hardy, who rats out his partner for using excessive force on a suspect. The movie is also about abduction. Bruce Willis plays Tom Hardy. Sarah Jessica Parker plays Jo Christman and Emily Harper. This movie was released in September 1993 in United States theaters. The reviews were very bad. "Striking Distance" barely earned back its own $30 million budget.


title: The Chamber

paragraphs: The Chamber is an American legal drama movie of 1996. It is about a former white supremacist who is a death row inmate scheduled to be executed soon in the State of Mississippi. Gene Hackman plays Sam Cayhill. Faye Dunaway plays Lee Cayhill Bowen. "The Chamber" got bad reviews. It performed very poorly in the box office.


title: Q*bert

paragraphs: Q*bert is an arcade video game released by Gottlieb in 1982. In this game, the player has to change the color of the cubes on a pyramid by having the game's character jump on top of them. On each stage, the player has a color they have to change the cubes to. To complete the stage, the player has to change the cubes to that color. The player has to avoid obstacles and enemies in the way.

paragraphs: "Q*bert" was one the most popular arcade games of the 1980s. It sold around 25,000 arcade cabinets. It has been released on many video game consoles, including the Atari 2600, ColecoVision, and Commodore 64.


title: The Birdcage

paragraphs: The Birdcage is a 1996 American comedy movie. The movie is about politics and marriage matters. Robin Williams plays Armand Goldman, Dianne Wiest plays Louise Keeley, Hank Azaria plays Agador, Calista Flockhart plays Barbara Keeley.

paragraphs: "The Birdcage" was released in March 1996 in the United States. Reviews on this movie were very positive. The movie was very successful at the box office.


title: School Daze

paragraphs: School Daze is a 1988 musical drama movie. Spike Lee plays Darrell, Samuel L. Jackson stars as Leeds. Spike Lee was also director, producer and writer for the movie. The movie is about the lives of black students in Atlanta. "School Daze" was released in February of 1988. The reviews were very positive.


title: Final Analysis

paragraphs: Final Analysis is an American 1992 melodrama thriller movie. It is about seduction, lies, manipulation and murders. Uma Thurman stars as Diana Baylor and Kim Basinger stars as Heather Evans. The movie got mixed to negative reviews. "Final Analysis" was released in February of 1992. The box office performance was very poor. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.


title: Percent-encoding

paragraphs: Percent-encoding, also known as URL-encoding, is the process of preparing characters to be used as parts of URLs on the Internet.


title: Epistolary novel

paragraphs: An epistolary novel is a novel written as a series of letters or other documents. The word "epistolary" comes from the Latin form of the Greek word ("epistolē"), meaning a letter (see epistle). The epistolary form of writing can make the story seem more realistic to the reader. This is because it is more personal, and is more like the workings of real life.

paragraphs: Some examples of modern epistolary novels are:


title: Ulavaipu

paragraphs: Ulavaipu is a small village in Cherthala, in Alappuzha District of Kerala, India. The Ulavaipu Mahadeva Temple, an ancient Hindu temple, is here. The temple is dedicated to Shiva, a god in Hinduism. The temple is on the banks of Ulavaipu Backwater Lake, which is part of Vembanadu Backwater Lake.


title: Gustavo Nieves Campello

paragraphs: Gustavo Nieves Campello (born on March 9, 1982 in Vilalba, Lugo) is a T12/B2 Paralympic athlete from Spain. He became blind quickly when he was 17 years old, and he stopped playing the sport of football. He started athletics after losing his eyesight. He first raced at the 1998 Vigo half marathon. He later competed at IPC European and World Championships. He also competed at the 2000 Summer Paralympics, 2008 Summer Paralympics and 2012 Summer Paralympics but did not win any medals at these Games.

paragraphs: Nieves was born on March 9, 1982 in Vilalba, Lugo. He moved to Germany when he was a baby, and he moved back to Spain when five years old.

paragraphs: Nieves has a disability: he has only some eyesight. He lost his eyesight when he was 17 years old. It happened very fast and was a surprise. It is not understood what caused it or if his eyesight will continue to get worse. Before losing his eyesight, he played football as a midfielder for Sárdoma in Spain's División de Honor Juvenil de Fútbol, and had tried out for Celta de Vigo football team. He quit the sport after his eyesight got bad.

paragraphs: Between 2004 and 2012, Nieves was a student training to be a mining engineer at the University of Vigo. He wanted to study biology but his eyesight meant he could not use a microscope, so he did engineering instead. He can speak some English, and can argue with people in English at athletic events. In 2012, his girlfriend was named Juliana.

paragraphs: Nieves is a T12/B2 track and field athlete, who started running when he was 17 after his eyesight got bad. Because no one in his family ran, he started running at a park in Castrelos Vigo but not with the idea of doing it at the highest level. His first race was the 1998 Vigo half marathon. He was a member of the the Celta Vigo athletics club, then joined the Gymnastic Society of Pontevedra athletic club, before leaving the club to join the Alejandro Gomez Athletics Club.

paragraphs: Nieves competed in the 2000 Summer Paralympics in Sydney, Australia. He finished sixth in the 10,000 meter race. He decided not to compete at the 2004 Summer Paralympics so that he could focus on school. He needed a job because athletics did not give him enough money for him to race all the time. After the 2004 Games, more money was there for Paralympic athletes and he was able to race more.

paragraphs: Nieves competed at the 2008 Spanish national championships, and finished first in the 10,000 meter T12 race. He competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing, China. After the 2008 Games, he changed coaches to Pablo Diaz and joined Gymnastic Society of Pontevedra athletic club. In 2009, he practiced in Pontevedra and Lugo, and he was coached by Pablo Diaz. In 2009, he had a goal of trying to go to the 2012 Summer Paralympics. At the 2009 IPC European Athletics Championships, he finished first in two races and finished second in another. He also set a world record in the 10,000 meters. His second first-place finish was in the 5,000 meters and the second-place finish was in the 1,500 meters. In 2009, he set a world record in the T12 10,000 meter event during a race in Galacia.

paragraphs: In 2010, Nieves set a world record in the T12 10,000 meter race. 40 days later at a race in Jerez de la Frontera, he set a world record in 10,000 meters. He competed in the 2011 Pontevedra half marathon. In 2011, he injured the third metatarsal. His physical therapy after the injury involved training in the pool. He started competing again in late September 2011 at a race in Berlin.

paragraphs: In March 2012, Nieves was training up to four hours a day at the Galician Sports Modernization Center (CGTD). He finished first in the 2012 San Silvestre Candelaria 4,500 meter race. He competed at the 2012 Spanish national Paralympic athletic championships where he came in first in the 5,000 meters. A few months before the London Paralympics, he had problems with his tendons. He did not compete in the 2012 European Championships because of his tendon injury. As a 28 year old, he raced at the 2012 Summer Paralympics, finishing fourth in the 5,000 meters. His time was 4 seconds slower than his personal best.

paragraphs: Nieves competed in the 2013 San Silvestre Candelaria 4,500 meter race. In May 2013, he competed at the Kern Sauleda Pharme-Grand Prix to try to get to be allowed to race at the IPC Athletics World Championships in Lyon, France in the 5,000 meter race. Later that month, he tried to be eligible for the World Championships in the 10,000 meter race at a race in Huesca. Nieves has a goal of trying to compete in the 2016 Summer Paralympics.


title: Civil defence

paragraphs: Civil defence (or civil defense) is a system used to protect the civilians of a state from coming under attack. It involves plans for preparing for and responding to emergency situations, plans for evacuation, and plans for how to recover from attacks. In some countries, civil defence is seen as an important part of military defence. Programmes of this kind were first explored at least as early as the 1920s. They have been used in many countries, especially since the threat of nuclear weapons has become known.

paragraphs: Since the end of the Cold War, the focus of civil defence has become more and more for disasters in general. The new concept is described by a number of terms, each of which has its own specific meaning, such as crisis management, emergency management, emergency preparedness, emergency services, and civil protection.


title: Football at the 1936 Summer Olympics

paragraphs: The 1936 Olympic football tournament was won by Italy. They were the favourites to win, having won the FIFA World Cup in 1934. The host nation, Germany, were also one of the favourites at the start of the competition. They had only lost at home once in three years. However, they were beaten in the quarter-finals. The bronze- and gold-medal games were watched by a combined total of 195,000 people.


title: Suman Sahai

paragraphs: Suman Sahai is an Indian activist and the founder of Gene Campaign.

paragraphs: Sahai got a Ph.D. from the Indian Agricultural Research Institute in 1975. She then worked at the University of Alberta, University of Chicago, and the University of Heidelberg, where she did her habilitation in human genetics. The Web of Science shows that Sahai has published over 40 articles. They are mostly on policy issues dealing with genetically-modified organisms. Her articles have been cited over 150 times and she has an h-index of 7. She is director of the non-governmental organization, Gene Campaign.

paragraphs: In April 2013 it was shown that Sahai committed plagiarism in her habilitation thesis. She had submitted this thesis to the University of Heidelberg in 1986. She was also accused of presenting herself as being or having been a professor at that University. She never actually had such a position. The University of Heidelberg confirmed on 14 April, 2013, that plagiarism had taken place. The university also said that Sahai has no right to call herself a professor of the University of Heidelberg. Her habilitation has been revoked.


title: Valentin de Boulogne

paragraphs: Valentin de Boulogne (baptised 3 January 1591 – died 19 August 1632) was a French painter. He is also known as Le Valentin, his real name was Jean Valentin. Later in life, Valentin went to Rome to study. In Rome, he was under the influence of Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio and Bartolomeo Manfredi. Valentin's teacher was Simon Vouet.


title: Anna Q. Nilsson

paragraphs: Anna Quirentia Nilsson (March 30, 1888 – February 11, 1974) was a Swedish and American actress. She first achieved success in silent movies. She moved to the United States around 1905. She began acting in silent movies, and then moved into ones with sound. From the 1930s to the 1950s, she played small roles in movies with sound. The most notable one was acting as herself in the movie "Sunset Boulevard" in 1950. She was also in "The Farmer's Daughter" in 1947.

paragraphs: Nilsson was born in Sweden. She died due to heart failure in Sun City, California, at age 85.


title: Anita Loos

paragraphs: Anita Loos (born April 26, 1889 – August 18, 1981) was an American screenwriter, stage actress and author. She wrote several novels. She was best known for her book "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes". She also wrote its sequel "But Gentlemen Marry Brunettes". She was a screenwriter of many movies.

paragraphs: Loos was born in Sisson, California. She later moved to New York City. She died there in August 1981 from natural causes at age ninety-two.


title: Florence La Badie

paragraphs: Florence La Badie (27 April 1888 – 13 October 1917) was an American actress. She appeared mostly in silent movies. She played Kate in "The Broken Cross", a 1911 silent movie. She also acted in the 1912 adaptation of "Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde".

paragraphs: There is controversy about where La Badie was born. She died due to an automobile accident at age 29 in New York.


title: Austin Butler

paragraphs: Austin Butler (born August 17, 1991 in Anaheim, California) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as "Jake Krandle" in the TV series "iCarly" and as "James Garrett" in "Zoey 101".

paragraphs: Austin Butler was born in Anaheim, Los Angeles. His parents are Lori and David Butler. His first acting job was in a supporting role in the TV Series "Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide". His older sister also plays in that TV series. From 2007 to 2008 he played in the 4th season of "Zoey 101" as James Garrett. Other television appearance were "Hannah Montana", "iCarly", "Jonas L.A.", "Zeke and Luther" and "Wizards of Waverly Place". In 2009, he was in the TV series "Ruby & the Rockits" as Jordan Gallagher. This series was unsuccessful and ended after 10 episodes.

paragraphs: Later, he played with Ashley Tisdale in the film "Aliens in the Attic" and in "Sharpay's Fabulous Adventure". Since 2011, he has been in the ABC-Family-Series "Switched at Birth".

paragraphs: He is in a relationship with Vanessa Hudgens.


title: Edna St. Vincent Millay

paragraphs: Edna St. Vincent Millay (February 22, 1892 – October 19, 1950) was an American playwright and poet. She received the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 1923. She was the third female to win the award. Millay was also a feminist. She used the name Nancy Boyd during her career. Millay's fame began around 1912 when she entered a poem, "Renascence", in a contest in "The Lyric Year".

paragraphs: On February 22, 1892, Edna St. Vincent Millay, one of the best American poets, was born in Rockland, Maine. When she was eight years old, her mother Cora, left her father because he could not support the family; therefore, Cora raised her three daughters on her own and changed Millay’s future career in a huge way. When she was a young girl, Millay decided to train her writing skills even though she moved many times and didn't have much money. A few years later, they lived in Cora’s Aunt’s house, where she began writing her first poem.

paragraphs: Edna St. Vincent Millay became a famous author by adding the newest point of view with old ones to form a special American poetry. Her first poem, “Forest Trees,” was written when she was fourteen and appeared in "St. Nicholas Magazine". Within the next four years, "St. Nicholas" published five more of her poems. Three years later, her poem, “The Land of Romance,” got the gold award of The "St. Nicholas League" and was reprinted in "Current Literature" in April. In 1913, she took several classes at Barnard College, where she prepared for moving to Vassar. The days in Vassar College also changed Millay’s career. This college became a good place to develop her talent. She became a writer for Vassar Miscellany and a good school songwriter. Until the year of 1917, Millay left a lot of work for Vassar College.

paragraphs: After Cora, Millay’s mother, left her husband, she raised her three children and helped them to learn American language arts by reading old books with them. When Millay got older, she went to Vassar College, where she learned how to be a good poet. In 1923, Millay married 43-year-old Eugen Jan Boissevain, who supported Millay’s career and took care of housework for her. These events made Edna St. Vincent Millay a successful American writer.

paragraphs: In her life, Edna St. Vincent Millay wrote a lot of plays and poetry collections. The most famous one is "The Ballad of the Harp-Weaver." This book won her the Pulitzer Prize for poetry in 1923. Also, as a good writer, she wrote five plays early in her living. For example, "The Lamp and the Bell" would be the best play she wrote in the 1920s. Published in 1921, "The Lamp and the Bell" was a play written for Vassar College about love between women. Moreover, she also wrote down "The King's Henchman" in 1927. This opera was described as “the most effectively and artistically wrought American opera ever to reach the stage.”

paragraphs: During her 58 years of life, Edna St. Vincent Millay left many works that have made a change in American society. She once said, “this book, when I am dead, will be a little faint perfume of me. People who knew me well will say she really used to think that way.” By leaving this famous sentence, Millay supported Americans to put out their thoughts in words. In addition, she also made young Americans think that they had the ability to change the world by saying, “the young generation forms a country of its own. It has no geographical boundaries. ... These young people are going to do things. They are going to change things." She tried to change the society by supporting these young people to believe in themselves.

paragraphs: On October 19, 1950, Millay was found in her house, alone, without a breath. Several years before, Millay had a nervous breakdown and stopped writing. Although she slowly got better because of her husband’s care, her husband, Eugen Jan Boissevain, died in 1949 due to serious cancer. One year after, Millay fell down in her house and was found eight hours after her death. Later on, Nancy Milford, the writer who also wrote "million-selling Zelda", published the first biography about Millay’s life in the book, "Savage Beauty: The Life of Edna St Vincent Millay" in 2001, giving the entire world a chance to get to know the life of this famous author.


title: Margaret Rutherford

paragraphs: Dame Margaret Taylor Rutherford (May 11, 1892 – May 22, 1972) was an English character actress. She usually played eccentric characters in movies. Her first movie was in 1936. She became known for playing Madame Arcati in the 1945 movie "Blithe Spirit". Her other movies include: "The Happiest Days of Your Life" and "The Importance of Being Earnest". She also performed in stage plays in her acting career. In 1961, Margaret later declared Officer of the Order of the British Empire. She was named a Dame Commander six years after that.

paragraphs: Rutherford was born in the London neighborhood of Balham. She died from Alzheimer's disease in Chalfont St Peter, Buckinghamshire at age 80.


title: The Farmer's Daughter

paragraphs: The Farmer's Daughter is a political based 1947 movie. The movie is about a farmgirl who ends up working as a maid for a Congressman and his very powerful mother. Loretta Young stars as Katie Holstrom. Anna Q. Nillson plays as Mrs. Holstrom. Loretta Young received the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in this movei. The movie was released in March and April 1947 in the United States.


title: Ethel Barrymore

paragraphs: Ethel Barrymore (or Ethel Mae Blythe; 15 August 1879 – 18 June 1959) was an American actress. She was a member of the Barrymore family of actors. She became quite popular in stage and on Broadway.

paragraphs: Barrymore's first appearance was in 1895, in "The Imprudent Young Couple". She played Nora in the play "A Doll's House" in 1905. She was also in the critically acclaimed movie "None but the Lonely Heart". She was in Alfred Hitchcock movies. She was the sister of actors John and Lionel Barrymore and grand-aunt of the actress Drew Barrymore.

paragraphs: Barrymore was born in Philadelphia. She died from heart disease in Hollywood, California.


title: Martha Graham

paragraphs: Martha Graham (May 11, 1894 – April 1, 1991) was an American modern dancer and choreographer. Her influences on modern dance are usually compared with the influence Picasso had on the modern visual arts. She was the first dancer to perform at the White House. She got a Presidential Medal of Freedom. She danced and choreographed for more than seventy years.

paragraphs: Graham was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. She died at age ninety-six from pneumonia.


title: G. G. Ponnambalam

paragraphs: Ganapathipillai Gangaser Ponnambalam, QC (8 November 1901 – 9 December 1977), known as G. G. Ponnambalam, was a Sri Lankan Tamil politician, during the British colonial period and the war for independence. He founded the first Sri Lankan Tamil political party, the All Ceylon Tamil Congress.


title: Jeane Dixon

paragraphs: Lydia Emma Pinckert (or Jeane Dixon; 5 January 1904 – 25 January 1997) was an American psychic and astrologist. She also wrote newspaper columns. She reportedly predicted certain major events of the 20th century. She also wrote many novels.

paragraphs: She was known for working with Nancy Reagan to protect her husband, Ronald Reagan from any danger spiritually.

paragraphs: Dixon was born in Medford, Wisconsin. She died from cardiac arrest at 93.


title: Mapitigama Buddharakkitha

paragraphs: Mapitigama Buddharakkitha (1921−1967) was the person who planned the assassination of the fourth Prime Minister of Ceylon (later Sri Lanka), S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike. He served as the leader of the Kelaniya Raja Maha Vihara, one of the most sacred Buddhist temples in Sri Lanka from 1947 to 1959.


title: Amy Carlson

paragraphs: Amy Carlson (born July 7, 1968) is an American actress. She performs mostly on television but has had some movies. She played Josie Watts in the soap opera "Another World", and Alex Taylor in "Third Watch". Carlson was nominated in 1998 for an Emmy Award.

paragraphs: Carlson currently resides in New York City with her daughter, born on October 4, 2006; her son, born on August 27, 2009; and her long-time partner Syd Butler, bass guitar player of the 8G Band on "Late Night with Seth Meyers", and of indie rock band Les Savy Fav and owner of the independent label Frenchkiss Records.


title: Ratnasiri Wickremanayake

paragraphs: Ratnasiri Wickremanayake (, ; 5 May 1933 – 27 December 2016) was a Sri Lankan politician. He was Prime Minister of Sri Lanka two times from 2000 to 2001 and again from 2005 to 2010. He is currently a National List member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka.

paragraphs: Wickremanayake first served as Prime Minister from August 2000 to December 2001. He became minister after Sirimavo Bandaranaike resigned from the position at the age of 84. He is a senior vice-president of the ruling Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP).