title: Explode (song)

paragraphs: "Explode" is a song recorded by American musician Patrick Stump. The track is the opening song on his debut studio album "Soul Punk". The song was leaked on his YouTube channel on May 6, 2011 for promotion towards his album.

paragraphs: On May 6, 2011, Stump updated his website and also posted to his Facebook and Twitter, announcing "I feel like I'm gonna explode 5.9.11". The phrase came from a song called "Explode", which Stump had premiered at a live show. The new song was revealed on May 9, 2011. Stump released the song on a website called "Vulture". "NyMag.com" commented that the song is a lot like the music of Michael Jackson. They also said that it was similar to the music of Stump's old band, Fall Out Boy. The song's video caption, which read ""Soul Punk": coming late Summer", was Stump's first official announcement to the public regarding "Soul Punk"'s release date.

paragraphs: "Idolator" reported that "Explode" features Stump's unique, recognisable vocals and the clever wordplay that used to be expected from Pete Wentz.


title: Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)

paragraphs: The Kingdom of Italy was the Italian state from the Italian unification in 1861 to its defeat in WW2 and dissolution in 1946 when it became the modern day Italian Republic.

paragraphs: Before 1861, Italy was not one country. Instead, there were many kingdoms and duchies (places ruled by dukes) in the Italian Peninsula. In 1861, they all became one country and King Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia became the King of Italy. In WW1, Italy was on the allies side and was one of the winners. In 1922, Benito Mussolini became Prime Minister. He was a fascist leader and made Italy into a dictatorship without much liberty.

paragraphs: When WW2 began, Mussolini led Italy to be allied with Hitler, and the Axis powers. The axis powers lost WW2. Mussolini's leadership ended in 1943, and he was killed in 1945. Germany invaded Italy and this is why Italy didn't become an occupied country as Germany did. In 1946, the people voted to get rid of the monarchy and become today's Italian Republic and slowly became stable again.

paragraphs: Italy began their colonial empire in the late 1880s when they conquered Eritrea and Somalia in the Horn of Africa. In the 1910's, they took Libya from the Ottoman Empire. In 1936, Italy conquered Ethiopia, creating the colony of Italian East Africa. When they lost WW2, their colonies were lost to the British and the French.

paragraphs: Nazi Germany controlled Italy at the end of WW2 , but they eventually were invaded by the Allies and when Hitler killed himself, The Nazis lost WW2. After Nazi Germany ceased to exist, Italy was independent again. However, all was not good. Italy was left in huge debt, causing Italy to be poor. Many people from Italy emigrated to the United States to escape being poor. In 1946, People voted to get rid of the monarchy (kings) and establish the new Italian Republic. Slowly, the new government helped Italy get back up again into its current state. Also, dramatically, people stopped emigrating because life in Italy was becoming better.


title: New Jersey Turnpike

paragraphs: The New Jersey Turnpike is a toll road in New Jersey. The road runs from near the Delaware Memorial Bridge in the southern part of the state northeast to near the George Washington Bridge in the northern part of the state near New York City. The northern part of the road is a part of Interstate 95. The New Jersey Turnpike is one of the busiest toll roads in the United States.


Selectivity


title: Jordan at the Olympics

paragraphs: Jordan at the Olympicsis a history which began in 1980.

paragraphs: The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Jordan is JOR.

paragraphs: Teams from Jordan have been in every Summer Olympic Games since. It has never been in the Winter Olympic Games.

paragraphs: As of 2011, no Jordanian athlete has ever won an Olympic medal. In the 1988 Seoul Games, Samer Kamal and Ihsan Abu Sheikha won bronze medals in Taekwondo. As this was Taekwondo's first time in the Olympics it was named a demonstration sport, not an official Olympic event. Ammar Fahed managed to get the third Jordanian bronze medal in Barcelona Olympic games 1992.

paragraphs: The National Olympic Committee for Jordan was formed in 1957 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1963.


title: Kazakhstan at the Olympics

paragraphs: Kazakhstan was first at the Olympic Games as an independent nation in 1994. They have been in every Games since. Prior to the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Kazakh athletes were part of the Soviet Union at the Olympics, and were also part of the Unified Team in 1992.

paragraphs: Kazakh athletes have won a total of 52 medals at the Summer Olympic Games, and another six at the Winter Olympic Games.

paragraphs: The National Olympic Committee for Kazakhstan was formed in 1990 and recognized in 1993.


title: North Korea at the Olympics

paragraphs: North Korea at the Olympics is a history which includes 17 games in 14 countries and 300+ athletes. Since 1946, North Korea has contributed to the growth of the "Olympic Movement".

paragraphs: The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for the North Korea was NKO. It is now PRK.

paragraphs: The North Korean National Olympic Committee was formed in 1953. It was recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1957.

paragraphs: North Korea's team first competed at the 1964 Winter Olympics at Innsbruck .


title: South Korea at the Olympics

paragraphs: South Korea at the Olympics is a history which includes 32 games in 18 countries and 2,000+ athletes. Since 1946, South Korea (KOR) has contributed to the growth of the "Olympic Movement".

paragraphs: The Korean National Olympic Committee was formed in 1946. It was recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1947.

paragraphs: Korea's team first competed at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London.

paragraphs: Athletes from Korea did not take part in the 1980 Summer Olympics and the 1952 Winter Olympics.

paragraphs: Team highlights include the bronze medal in the men's football tournament at the 2012 Summer Olympics. The win against Japan resulted in Korea's first medal in this sport.

paragraphs: Korea hosted the 1988 Summer Olympics (XXIVth Olympiad) in Seoul.

paragraphs: The 2018 Winter Olympics will be held in Pyeongchang.


title: Kuwait at the Olympics

paragraphs: Kuwait has been in 10 Summer Olympic Games. They have never been in the Winter Olympic Games.

paragraphs: In the 1992 Barcelona Games, Kuwait received a bronze medal in taekwondo. It was only a demonstration sport that year so the medal was not official.

paragraphs: The National Olympic Committee for Kuwait was formed in 1957 and recognized in 1966.


title: Kyrgyzstan at the Olympics

paragraphs: Kyrgyzstan has been in four Summer Games and four Winter Games as an independent state. They have won three medals. The nation was part of the Soviet Union before 1992. In 1992, Kyrgyzstan was on the Unified Team. Kyrgyzstan was at the 1994 Winter Olympics as their own country after the breakup of the Soviet Union.


title: Laos at the Olympics

paragraphs: Laos has been in seven Summer Olympic Games. They have never been in the Winter Olympic Games. They have never won a medal.

paragraphs: The National Olympic Committee of Lao was formed in 1975 and recognized in 1979.


title: Lebanon at the Olympics

paragraphs: Lebanon at the Olympicsis a history which began in 1948.

paragraphs: The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Lebanon is LBN.

paragraphs: A team from Lebanon was first at the Olympic Games in 1948. They have been in all but one Summer Olympic Games since then. Lebanon was one of three nations to boycott the 1956 Games in protest of the British and French involvement in the Suez Crisis.

paragraphs: Lebanon has also been in most Winter Olympic Games since 1948, missing only the 1994 and 1998 Winter Games.

paragraphs: Lebanon was at the 2010 Youth Olympic Games in Singapore.

paragraphs: The National Olympic Committee for Lebanon was formed in 1947. It was recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1948.


title: Marie Stopes

paragraphs: Marie Carmichael Stopes (Edinburgh, 15 October 1880 – Dorking, 2 October 1958) was a British palaeobotanist, author and campaigner for birth control.

paragraphs: Stopes' newsletter "Birth Control News", her book "Married Love", and her organisation Marie Stopes International, were hugely important in Britain and throughout the British Empire. She was the founder of British family planning, and fought many battles in print with those whose opinions differed from hers.

paragraphs: Stopes was one of the most highly educated women of her time. Her parents, who were both well educated, kept her away from school until she was twelve. She went to University College London in 1900, and graduated in 1902 with double honours in Botany and Geology. She was awarded a year's scholarship for research.

paragraphs: Stopes next went to the University of Munich, where she got a PhD in palaeobotany (fossil plants). She took the "viva voce" in German. In 1905 she became DSc (Doctor of Science) of the University of London. She was then the youngest holder of the Doctor of Science degree in England.

paragraphs: Stopes published about 100 papers and books on botany, mostly on fossil plants. She was expert on fossil ferns, cycads and gymnosperms.

paragraphs: She held a lecturership in palaeobotany at the University of Manchester from 1904 to 1907; she was first female academic of that university. In 1910, at the age of 30, she became a Fellow of University College London. She had reached the top of the tree. Not only was she a palaeobotanist, but she was an expert on the botany of the coal measures which were laid down in the Pennsylvanian (Upper Carboniferous). Coal was the most vital source of energy at that time.

paragraphs: Stopes continued to publish on botany until 1935, but by about 1912 her interests began to change because of problems in her private life.

paragraphs: After a disastrous marriage, Stopes became aware of how ignorant many people were about sex, and what troubles women had inside marriage. Her goals were: improved happiness through better knowledge, and the protection of female health by controlling the pregnancies which naturally occurred in marriage.

paragraphs: Stopes' first book on family planning, "Married Love: a new contribution to the solution of the sex difficulties", 1918, ran to 28 editions and over 150 reprints. It was translated into 14 languages, and braille. The English-language version sold over a million copies, and made her rich.

paragraphs: The social effects of the book were tremendous. No-one can say why social changes take place, yet attitudes to sex and marriage certainly changed during her life. Between the first edition of her book and the last, the women of the Europe and North America changed from almost no birth control to most using birth control. This was despite the opposition of the Catholic Church and other forces.

paragraphs: Also, there has been a continuous improvement in knowledge about sex and in medical attention to female needs in relation to birth. The availability of knowledge on all subjects relating to personal life has continued to improve.

paragraphs: Later in 1918 Stopes published a second book, "Wise Parenthood: a sequel". This ran to 25 editions and many reprints. in 1919 came "A letter to working mothers on how to have healthy children and avoid weakening pregnancies". The stream of books and pamphlets continued to the end of her life.

paragraphs: Stopes opened the UK's first family planning clinic at 61, Marlborough Road, Holloway, North London on 17 March 1921. In 1925 the Mothers' Clinic moved to Central London, where it remains to this day.

paragraphs: The parent body of Marie Stopes Clinics round the world is now called Marie Stopes International. It is especially strong in Bangladesh and Pakistan.

paragraphs: Stopes had a relationship with Japanese botanist Kenjiro Fujii (or Fugii). They met at the University of Munich in 1904 whilst she researched her Ph.D. It was serious, and in 1907 she went to be with him in Japan. However, the affair ended there.

paragraphs: In 1911 Stopes married Canadian botanist and geneticist Reginald Ruggles Gates. It was a disaster which changed her life. She got a divorce on the grounds that the marriage was never consummated. Her marriage to Gates was annulled in 1914.

paragraphs: In 1918 she married Humphrey Verdon Roe. He was the financial backer of her most famous work, "Married Love".

paragraphs: Stopes died at her home in Dorking, Surrey, UK from breast cancer.


title: École normale supérieure

paragraphs: École normale supérieure is the name for a number of French higher education bodies, comparable to universities. In France, universities have to accept all students with a baccalaureat. This is different for the so called Grandes Ecoles, which includes the Ecoles normales supérieures. These schools do not have the obligation to accept anyone, and only a select few can attend studies at these institutions, most of whom will become part of the elite in various areas. Universities have faculties, and each faculty is responsible for one branch of studies. the ENS usually group similar subjects at one school, and do not have faculties.


title: Malaysia at the Olympics

paragraphs: Malaysia was first at the Olympic Games in 1956.

paragraphs: The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Malaysia was MAL. It is now MAS.

paragraphs: Teams from Malaysia have been in every Summer Olympic Games since 1956, except the boycotted 1980 Summer Olympics. Malaysia has never been in the Winter Olympic Games.

paragraphs: As the Federation of Malaya, the nation was named"Malaya" (MAL) for the 1956 and 1960 Games. North Borneo sent an independent team to the 1956 Games, and Singapore had also competed at the Olympics from 1948 to 1960. After these British colonies formed an independent "Malaysia" in 1963, the nation competed under that name for the first time at the 1964 Summer Olympics. Singapore regained independence from Malaysia in 1965 and competed once again as Singapore at the Olympics from 1968 onwards.

paragraphs: Malaysian athletes have won a total of six Olympic medals. Most are in badminton.

paragraphs: The National Olympic Committee for Malaysia was formed in 1953 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1954.


title: Maldives at the Olympics

paragraphs: The Maldives were first at the Olympic Games in 1988. They have been in every Summer Olympic Games since then. The nation has never been in the Winter Olympic Games.

paragraphs: As of 2011, the Maldives has not won any medals at the Olympics.

paragraphs: The National Olympic Committee for Maldives was formed in 1985 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee that same year.


title: Mongolia at the Olympics

paragraphs: Mongolia at the Olympics is a history which began in 1956.

paragraphs: The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Mongolia is MGL.

paragraphs: A team from Mongolia was first at the Olympic Games in 1964. They have been in every Summer Olympic Games since then, except the boycotted 1984 Summer Olympics.

paragraphs: Mongolia has also been in the Winter Olympic Games since 1964. They have missed only the 1976 Winter Games.

paragraphs: Mongolian athletes have won a total of nineteen medals, all in Summer Olympics competitions.

paragraphs: The Mongolian National Olympic Committee was formed in 1956 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1962.


title: Myanmar at the Olympics

paragraphs: Myanmar, also known as "Burma", was first at the Olympic Games in 1948.

paragraphs: The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Myanmar is MYA. In 1964, it was BUR for Burma.

paragraphs: Athletes from this country have been in every Summer Olympic Games since then, except for the 1976 Games. The nation has never been in the Winter Olympic Games. Since the 1992 Games, the nation has been named "Myanmar" in Olympic competition.

paragraphs: As of 2011, no Burmese athlete has ever won an Olympic medal.

paragraphs: The National Olympic Committee for Myanmar was formed in 1947 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee that same year.


title: Nepal at the Olympics

paragraphs: Nepal at the Olympics is a history which began in 1963.

paragraphs: The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Nepal is NEP.

paragraphs: Nepal has been in eleven Summer Olympic Games, and in three Winter Olympic Games.

paragraphs: The country has never won an official Olympic medal. Bidhan Lama won a bronze medal at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, when taekwondo was an exhibition sport.

paragraphs: The Nepal Olympic Committee was formed in 1962 and recognized in 1963.


title: Oman at the Olympics

paragraphs: Oman at the Olympics is a history which includes 8 games in 7 countries and 30+ athletes. Since 1982, OMan has contributed to the growth of the "Olympic Movement".

paragraphs: The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Oman is OMA.

paragraphs: Teams from Oman have taken part in the Summer Olympic Games but not the Winter Olympic Games. No Oman athlete has won an Olympic medal.

paragraphs: The Oman Olympic Committee was formed and recognized in 1982.


title: Pakistan at the Olympics

paragraphs: Pakistan at the Olympics is a history which includes 17 games in 13 countries and 300+ athletes. Since 1948, Pakistan has contributed to the growth of the "Olympic Movement".

paragraphs: The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Pakistan is PAK.

paragraphs: The Pakistan National Olympic Committee was formed in 1948. It was recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1948.

paragraphs: Pakistan's team first competed at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London.

paragraphs: Pakistan's first time in the Winter Olympic Games was at the Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympics.


title: University of Tarapacá

paragraphs: The University of Tarapacá (in Spanish: "Universidad de Tarapacá") is a Chilean university with 3 headquarters located in Arica and one in Iquique. It's another university in the north of Chile.

paragraphs: It was founded on 1981 but starts in 1982. This university derives from the old headquarter of University of Chile in Arica.


title: Ostracoderm

paragraphs: The Oststracoderms are a class of extinct fish. They were bony-armoured jawless fish, the Osteostraci ("bony shields"). They lived in what is now North America, Europe and Russia from the Middle Silurian to Upper Devonian. They were the first fish to use gills just for respiration.

paragraphs: Ostracoderms were the first fossil fish to be discovered. They were found in the 1830s in the Old Red Sandstone of Scotland. The genus "Cephalaspis" is quite a common fossil in these rocks.


title: Nancy Wake

paragraphs: Nancy Grace Augusta Wake (30 August 1912 – 7 August 2011) known as the "White Mouse", was an Australian who worked as a spy for the British in World War II. At one time she was on the top of the Gestapo's most wanted list. A novel by Sebastian Faulks based on her life called "Charlotte Gray", was later made into a movie starring Cate Blanchett.

paragraphs: Wake was born in Wellington, New Zealand in 1911, and moved to Australia when she was two. She ran away from home at the age of 16, and in 1935 went to London. She learned to be a journalist and worked in Paris. She married a rich factory owner, Henry Fioca in 1939. When the war started she became an ambulance driver. She soon became a part of a group led by Pat O'Leary (real name Albert Guérisse) which helped British soldiers escape from France. The Gestapo soon noticed her activities and she fled to Spain. Her husband was captured, tortured and shot dead.

paragraphs: In England she joined the Special Operation Executive (SOE). In April 1944, Wake was parachuted into France to work with the French Resistance before the D-Day landings. She was involved in several major battles with the German army. She claimed to have once killed an SS soldier with her bare hands.

paragraphs: She was given several important medals for bravery including the British George Medal, the French Croix de Guerre (on three occasions), the Médaille de la Résistance and she was made a Chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur. The Americans gave her the Medal of Freedom. In 2004 Australia made her a Companion of the Order of Australia.

paragraphs: She was an unusual woman for her time. She had a reputation among the soldiers she worked with for being a heavy drinker. Major John Farmer said about her drinking that "...we just couldn't work out where it all went". When the Australian government offered her a medal she said they could "stick their medals where the monkey sticks his nuts". She sold her medals to support her income in her old age. She said "There was no point in keeping them, I'll probably go to hell and they'd melt anyway".


title: Erymanthian Boar

paragraphs: In Greek mythology, the Erymanthian Boar (Greek: ὁ Ἐρυμάνθιοs κάπρος; Latin: aper Erymanthius) is a creature. It is known in connection with The Twelve Labours, in which Heracles, the enemy of Hera, visited all the other sites of the Goddess throughout the world to defeat every monster that nature could imagine, and return the early world to his Olympian father, Zeus, who would be its new master.


title: Mount Tamalpais

paragraphs: Mount Tamalpais (, known locally as "Mount Tam") is a mountain in Marin County, California, United States. It is the highest mountain in the Marin Hills. It is often seen as a symbol of Marin County.

paragraphs: A lot of Mount Tamalpais is on protected public lands such as Mount Tamalpais State Park and the Mount Tamalpais Watershed. The elevation at the East Peak, its second highest point, is . The West Peak, the mountain's highest peak, is above sea level.


title: Barnard's star

paragraphs: Barnard's Star, also known as "Barnard's Runaway Star", is a very low-mass red dwarf star approximately six light-years away from Earth in the constellation of Ophiuchus (the Snake-holder). It is very old, and moving relatively fast.

paragraphs: In 1916, the American astronomer E. E. Barnard measured its proper motion as 10.3 arcseconds per year. This is the largest-known proper motion of any star relative to the Sun. At a distance of about 1.8 parsecs from the Solar System, or just under six light-years, Barnard's Star is the nearest known star in the constellation Ophiuchus, and the fourth-closest known individual star to the Sun, after the three components of the Alpha Centauri system. Despite its proximity, Barnard's Star, at a dim apparent magnitude of about nine, is not visible with the unaided eye; however, it is much brighter in infrared light than it is in visible light.

paragraphs: Barnard's Star has been the subject of much study, and it has probably received more attention from astronomers than any other class M dwarf star due to its proximity and favorable location for observation near the celestial equator. Barnard's Star is also notable as the target for Project Daedalus, a study on the possibility of fast, unmanned travel to nearby star systems.

paragraphs: At seven to 12 billion years of age, Barnard's Star is considerably older than the Sun, and it might be among the oldest stars in the Milky Way galaxy. Barnard's Star rotates just once every 130 days (compared with just over 25 days for the Sun). In 1998 astronomers saw an intense flare, showing that Barnard's Star is a 'flare star'. Barnard's Star has the variable star designation V2500 Ophiuchi.

paragraphs: The proper motion of Barnard's Star is 'sideways' relative to our line of sight to the Sun of 90 kilometers per second (km/s). The 10.3 seconds of arc it travels annually amount to a quarter of a degree in a human lifetime, roughly half the angular diameter of the full Moon.

paragraphs: The radial velocity of Barnard's Star towards the Sun can be measured by its blue shift. These measurements, combined with proper motion, suggest a true velocity relative to the Sun of about 140 km/s.

paragraphs: While Barnard's Star has the largest proper motion, the largest known true velocity of another star in the Milky Way belongs to Wolf 424 at 555 km/s.

paragraphs: Barnard's Star will make its closest approach to the Sun around AD 11,700, when it approaches to within about 3.8 light-years. However, at that time, it will "not" be the nearest star, since Proxima Centauri will have moved even closer to the Sun. Barnard's Star will still be too dim to be seen with the naked eye at the time of its closest approach, since its apparent magnitude will be about 8.5 then. After that it will gradually recede from the Sun.


title: Punjabi language movement

paragraphs: The Punjabi Language Movement (PLM) is a linguistic movement in Punjab (Pakistan) aimed at reviving the Punjabi language, art, culture and literature in Pakistan. The Punjabi people constitute the largest ethnic group in Pakistan though Urdu is the national language and Punjabi itself does not have an official status. The PLM's ideologies are based on Punjabi nationalism.


title: Platanus orientalis

paragraphs: Platanus orientalis, also called Oriental plane tree and chenar, is a large, deciduous tree of the Platanaceae family. It is known for its longevity and spreading crown.

paragraphs: The species name derives from its historical distribution eastward from the Balkans, where it was recognized in ancient Greek history and literature. Following Greek usage it is called "Platane" or related names in Europe. It was equally as famous to the Iranian-speaking world and from Turkey to Occupied Kashmir is called "Chenar" or related names, following the Iranian.

paragraphs: The native range of the Oriental plane is Eurasia from the Balkans to as far east as at least Iran. Some accounts extend its native range to Iberia in the west, and to the Himalayas in the east.

paragraphs: The oriental plane is found naturally in riverine settings, together with such trees as alder, willow and poplar. However, it is quite capable of survival and success in dry soils once it is established. In Kashmir it is recognised as the State tree of the region.


title: Koi

paragraphs: Koi (, Romaji: "koi") or more specifically nishikigoi (, literally "brocaded carp"), are ornamental varieties of common carp ("Cyprinus carpio") that are kept for decorative purposes in outdoor koi ponds or water gardens.

paragraphs: Koi varieties are distinguished by coloration, patterning, and scalation. Some of the major colors are white, black, red, yellow, blue, and cream.

paragraphs: It is illegal to keep koi in Queensland, Australia because they are an invasive species.


title: Heathen Chemistry

paragraphs: Heathen Chemistry is the fifth studio album by English rock band Oasis, released in 2002. It was the final album with drummer Alan White who left in 2004. White was replaced with Zak Starkey.


title: Classical Chinese

paragraphs: Classical Chinese or literary Chinese is a traditional register of written Chinese. It is based on the grammar and vocabulary of ancient Chinese, so it is very different from any modern spoken form of Chinese. Classical Chinese was once used for almost all formal writing before and during the beginning of the 20th century in China, and during various different periods in Korea, Japan and Vietnam. Among Chinese speakers, Classical Chinese has been largely replaced by written vernacular Chinese, or 白话/白話 "báihuà" ("plain speech") after the overthrow of the Qing dynasty and therefore the end of Imperial China. Written Vernacular Chinese is a writing style very closely related to modern spoken Mandarin Chinese. At the same time, non-Chinese speakers have largely given up Classical Chinese, and use their local languages or dialects instead.

paragraphs: Although many words and phrases used in Classical Chinese have been replaced by words and phrases made up of different characters in Standard Chinese, many of the characters that were common in Classical Chinese can be found in modern Chinese words and phrases as well as retain their meanings. For example, while the word "to eat" is 食 (shí) in Classical Chinese, it is 吃 (chī) in Standard Chinese. However, the character 食 is still found in words related to food and eating like 食品 (shípĭn), which is the Standard Chinese word for "food". The chart below compares Classical Chinese words to the Standard Chinese words that replaced them.

paragraphs: Many modern Chinese words and phrases either came from northern dialects or are loanwords from other languages such as Mongolian or Korean.

paragraphs: Due to the changes of the spoken Chinese over the centuries, spoken Chinese lost many sounds that existed in older dialects, and therefore many words in Classical Chinese were beginning to sound too much like each other. Although documents written in Classical Chinese can be reasonably understood by someone who can read Chinese, they can be very difficult to understand when they are read aloud. One-syllable articles, or poems written in Classical Chinese in which every word in the poem is pronounced by the same syllable, are perfect examples that how impractical Classic is as a spoken language. The title of one poem 施氏食狮史 ("Shī Shì Shí Shī Shǐ"), known as the "Lion-Eating Poet of the Stone Den" in English, literally translates to "The Story of Shi Shi Eating Lions". Every single word of the poem is pronounced "shi", even though they have different tones. If the title were to be translated into Standard Chinese, it be read something like 施氏吃狮子的史诗 (Shī Shì chī shīzi de shǐshī")".

paragraphs: Structurally, words in Classical Chinese tend to be much simpler because they are usually made up of one Chinese character, while in Standard Chinese most words are made of two to four characters. This is so that the writer can write what they want to write using as few characters as possible. Examples are found below.

paragraphs: Once again, due to the merging of Chinese sounds, extra characters are added to words in Standard Chinese to distinguish similar-sounding words that would otherwise be impossible to tell apart.

paragraphs: Examples of phrases in Classical Chinese is Confucius's famous quote 有教無類 (yǒu jiào wú lèi), which roughly translates to, "In education, there should be no class distinction."


title: Marc Janko

paragraphs: Marc Janko (born 25 June 1983 in Vienna) is an Austrian football striker. He plays for Twente Enschede in the Dutch Eredivisie. He is the son of Eva Janko who won a medal in the 1968 Summer Olympics.

paragraphs: He started in the youth ranks of Admira Wacker Mödling and became a professional player in 2002 for this club. In 2005 he went to F.C. Red Bull Salzburg. For Salzburg he scored 75 goals in 108 matches. The 2007/08 season was bad because he was injured most of the time. His most successful season was 2008/09 when he scored 39 goals in the league (and 9 assists). This was the club record. The old record was Oliver Bierhoff's. Janko reached it after half the season of the season (25 goals). In the match against SC Altachhe he scored all 4 goals in the 4:3 victory, when he came on in the second half. Only Hans Krankl scored more goals in a single season (41). Although many clubs were interested, he signed again with Red Bull Salzburg. 2010 he went to FC Twente in the Dutch Eredivisie where he scored 14 goals in 29 matches in his first year with the club.

paragraphs: He plays for the Austrian national football team. In 20 matches he scored 7 goals. His first match was in 2006 against Croatia.


title: 2010–11 Manchester United F.C. season

paragraphs: The 2010–11 season is Manchester United's 19th season in the Premier League.

paragraphs: In September, Nemanja Vidić named as Manchester United's new captain.

paragraphs: Manchester United started their season with a tour in North America for the first time since 2004.

paragraphs: Community Shield is match between the champions of Premier League and the champions of the FA Cup.


title: Exergaming

paragraphs: Exergaming or exer-gaming (a portmanteau of "exercise" (moving the body) and "gaming") is a word used for video games that are also a form of exercise. Exergaming is based upon technology that records body movement. The game type has been credited with promoting an active lifestyle. Exergames are seen as coming from technology changes with the purpose of making videogames more fun.


title: Standing on the Shoulder of Giants

paragraphs: Standing on the Shoulder of Giants is the fourth studio album by English rock band Oasis, released on 28 February 2000.

paragraphs: All songs written by Noel Gallagher, except for "Little James".


title: Communications satellite

paragraphs: Communications satellites are satellites stationed in space for the purpose of telecommunications. They relay radio waves between different places. Most are in synchronous orbit. Direct-broadcast satellites transmit many television channels.

paragraphs: Satellite based communication systems can be used for voice and data transmission in remote and underserved locations such as ships at sea. Satellite internet access is internet access provided through satellites. Satellite based systems can be used for providing high quality broadband internet connection to businesses.

paragraphs: Herman Potočnik (writing as 'Herman Noordung') was the first to propose that space stations use radio to communicate with Earth. In October 1945 Arthur C. Clarke published an article titled "Extraterrestrial relays" in the British magazine "Wireless World". The article described artificial satellites in geostationary orbits to relay radio signals. So, Clarke is often quoted as being the inventor of the communications satellite.

paragraphs: Primitive communication satellites were tested in the early 1960s. Geosynchronous satellites became inpotant in the 1970s.

paragraphs: The time taken by the satellite to visit the same point on earth again is called the revisit time. Revisit time can be reduced by combining data from multiple satellites.

paragraphs: In addition to transmitting data, Modern satellites have;


title: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

paragraphs: The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) is a non-profit organisation that donates money to fight diseases. It was founded by Bill Gates of Microsoft and his wife Melinda Gates. The money comes from the billions of dollars Bill Gates earned from his software business.


Mario Party


title: Mario Party (video game)

paragraphs: Mario Party is the first video game of the "Mario Party" series. It was made by Japanese company Nintendo and first party company Hudson. It was released for the Nintendo 64 in 1998. It is a party board game.


title: La Paz

paragraphs: Nuestra Señora de La Paz (; ; ) is the capital of Bolivia, and La Paz Department. It is the second largest city (in people) only after Santa Cruz de la Sierra. It is in the western part of the country in the department of the same name. It is at an elevation of above sea level, making it the world's highest "de facto" capital city.


title: Delaware Route 82

paragraphs: Delaware Route 82 (DE 82) is a state highway in the northwest suburbs of Wilmington in New Castle County, Delaware. The route runs from DE 52 near Greenville to the Pennsylvania border near Yorklyn. There it continues as Pennsylvania Route 82 (PA 82). The route passes through areas of trees and fields in the north part of New Castle County. A lot of the route passes next to the Red Clay Creek. All of the route is a part of the Red Clay Valley Scenic Byway, made in 2005. DE 82 was first given its number by 1952. It was signed onto the same road it is on today. In 2010, DelDOT had planned to remove the route number. But it did not happen because people did not want the route number to be removed.

paragraphs: DE 82 heads to the west of DE 52 near Greenville as Campbell Road. The road has two lanes cars can travel on without a median, which is a physical divider between the travel lanes in each direction. East of DE 52, the road continues to DE 100 as Kirk Road. The road passes areas of homes with trees and fields. Then it crosses over the Hoopes Reservoir. Not far after the reservoir, DE 82 makes a left turn onto New London Road to go south. The route passes through large areas of trees, turning to the west as it makes many turns. The road goes near more fields and homes in a rural area before coming to an intersection with Mt. Cuba Road. Here, DE 82 goes northwest on Creek Road and passes next to the Red Clay Creek and the Wilmington and Western Railroad on a road with many trees. It makes more turns and goes over the creek two times before crossing the railroad two times. In this area, the route passes the Ashland Nature Center. The route comes to the community of Yorklyn, where the route turns southwest for a short time and passes a few buildings in rural areas. After making a turn to the northwest to go on Creek Road, DE 82 heads north next to the Red Clay Creek. The Wilmington and Western Railroad turns to the southwest away from the road. A short distance past Yorklyn, the route comes to the Pennsylvania border, where it becomes PA 82 and goes toward Kennett Square, Pennsylvania. All of DE 82 is a part of the Red Clay Valley Scenic Byway, a scenic byway (road) name given to many roads in the Red Clay Creek valley.

paragraphs: When Delaware started giving numbers to state highways in the 1930s, the road that is DE 82 today did not have a number. By 1952, DE 82 was made on the road it follows today to go between PA 82 to DE 52 near Greenville. DE 82 became part of the Red Clay Valley Scenic Byway, the second scenic byway in Delaware, in 2005. In 2010, DelDOT planned to remove the DE 82 signs in order to keep the route as a scenic byway. After a public workshop on the proposed sign removal was held, DelDOT decided in April 2010 to keep the DE 82 signs because

paragraphs: people in the area did not like the plan to remove the signs.

paragraphs: The entire route is in New Castle County.


title: Delaware Route 52

paragraphs: Delaware Route 52 is a state highway in Delaware. It goes from Wilmington north to the Pennsylvania border.


title: Pennsylvania Route 82

paragraphs: Pennsylvania Route 82 is a state highway in Pennsylvania. It goes from the Delaware border north to Elverson.


title: Delaware Route 100

paragraphs: Delaware Route 100 is a state highway in Delaware. It goes from Elsmere north to the Pennsylvania border.


title: Greenville, Delaware

paragraphs: Greenville is a place in Delaware in the United States. It is in New Castle County, which is in the north part of the state. It is north of Wilmington.


title: Yorklyn, Delaware

paragraphs: Yorklyn is a place in Delaware in the United States. It is in New Castle County, which is in the north part of the state. It is north of Wilmington.


title: Kennett Square, Pennsylvania

paragraphs: Kennett Square is a borough in Pennsylvania in the United States. It is in Chester County, which is in the southeast part of the state.


title: Red Clay Creek

paragraphs: The Red Clay Creek is a creek in Delaware and Pennsylvania in the United States. It goes into the White Clay Creek near Wilmington, Delaware.


title: Wilmington and Western Railroad

paragraphs: The Wilmington and Western Railroad is a tourist railroad near Wilmington, Delaware in the United States.


title: John Stossel

paragraphs: John F. Stossel is an American libertarian author, columnist, investigative reporter, and television host. He works for Fox News Channel and Fox Business Network. He used to report for "20/20" on ABC.


title: Delaware Department of Transportation

paragraphs: The Delaware Department of Transportation (DelDOT) is in charge of transportation in Delaware in the United States. It owns many roads and runs DART First State, which does public transportation in the state.


title: Nasi kucing

paragraphs: Nasi kucing (also called sego kucing), meaning cat rice or cat's rice, is an Indonesian rice dish. It comes from Yogyakarta, Semarang, and Surakarta. It can now be found in many places. It is a small serving of rice with different toppings. Often the toppings include chili sauce, dried fish, and tempeh. It is wrapped in banana leaves.

paragraphs: The name "nasi kucing", which means "cat rice" or "cat's rice", comes from the size of the rice served. There is very little rice, almost like what a Javanese person would give to a cat.

paragraphs: "Nasi kucing" was first served in Yogyakarta, Semarang, and Surakarta. Now it can be found in many places. It can be found in Jakarta and even Mecca; in Mecca it is sold by Indonesian workers during the hajj.

paragraphs: The rice part of "nasi kucing" is small, about as big as a fist. It is served with different toppings. The toppings often include "sambal" (chili sauce), dried fish, and tempeh. Sometimes the toppings can be egg, chicken, and cucumber. It is able to be eaten immediately after it is bought. It is served wrapped in a banana leaf and paper.

paragraphs: Another version of "nasi kucing", called "sego macan" (meaning "tiger's rice") is three times the size of a regular portion of "nasi kucing". "Sego macan" is served with roasted rice, dried fish, and vegetables. Like "nasi kucing", "sego macan" is served wrapped in a banana leaf and paper.

paragraphs: "Nasi kucing" is often sold at a low price. Sometimes "nasi kucing" can be as cheap as Rp 1000 (US$ 0.12). "Sego macan" can be about Rp 4000 (US$ 0.48). It is often sold at small food stalls called "angkringan", which are located at the side of many roads. The customers are often poorer people, including pedicab and taxi drivers, students, and street musicians. This has led to "angkringan" being called the "lowest class of eatery".

paragraphs: The owners of the "angkringan" often come from poorer families, may have few skills that can be used to find a job, or come from far-away villages. To open their stalls, they borrow money from a patron, called a "juragan". They may borrow up to Rp 900,000.00 (US$ 105.00). The seller must repay the patron from the net profits of Rp 15,000.00 – Rp 20,000.00 (US$ 1.75 – 2.35) a day.


title: Hyponatremia

paragraphs: Hyponatremia (British English: hyponatraemia) is when a human body does not have enough salt (sodium) in its blood. It is mostly caused by the presence of too much water.

paragraphs: Hyponatremia is most often a complication of other medical illnesses in which excess water collects in the body faster than can be excreted (for example in congestive heart failure, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), or polydipsia). Some runners who drink a lot of water before running a marathon also suffer this illness. Drinking too much water can impair the ability of marathon runners.


title: George II

paragraphs: King George II may mean one of two people:


title: Mission: Impossible (movie)

paragraphs: Mission Impossible is a 1996 American spy/action adventure thriller movie starring Tom Cruise and directed by Brian De Palma. It is set in London, Prague and Virginia. It was followed by "", "", "", "" and "".


title: Marlin

paragraphs: Marlins, family Istiophoridae, are fish with an elongated body, a spear-like snout or bill, and a long rigid dorsal fin, which extends forward to form a crest. Its common name is thought to derive from its resemblance to a sailor's marlinspike. Even more so than their close relatives the scombrids, marlin are incredibly fast swimmers, marlins are fast swimmers, reaching speeds of about .

paragraphs: Marlin are rarely table fare, appearing mostly in fine restaurants. Most modern sport fishermen release marlin after unhooking.


title: Pufferfish

paragraphs: The pufferfish is a family of fish, with about 100 species. They are also known as the blowfish, fugu, swellfish, and globefish. They are called the pufferfish because when they are threatened, they puff up to about twice their normal size by gulping water. In this enlarged state, the pufferfish can swim at only about half their normal speed. Pufferfish are generally believed to be the second-most poisonous vertebrates in the world, after the golden poison frog. They use tetrodotoxin, a powerful neurotoxin.

paragraphs: Most pufferfish are found in sub-tropical and tropical marine waters (including coral reefs) in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. Some puffers live in brackish and fresh water.

paragraphs: The scientific name refers to the four large teeth, fused into an upper and lower plate, which are used for crushing the shells of crustaceans and mollusks, their natural prey.

paragraphs: Even though pufferfish are poisonous, the meat of some species is eaten in Japan (as 河豚, pronounced 'fugu'), Korea (as 복 bok or 복어 bogeo ), and China (as 河豚 hétún). It is prepared by specially trained chefs who know which parts, and how much of them, are safe to eat.

paragraphs: Some people also keep pufferfish as pets.


title: Fort Kent, Maine

paragraphs: Ft. Kent is a town in northern Maine. It touches the Canadian border.


title: Oxytocin

paragraphs: Oxytocins are hormones found in mammals. It acts on the brain. In humans it is released during female reproduction, especially during and after childbirth.

paragraphs: It has other effects. It encourages pair bonding, and parental behaviour. It is released during intimate moments during orgasms and even hugs. For this reason it is often called the 'love hormone'.

paragraphs: Strange to say, the oxytocin released by the pituitary gland cannot reach the brain: it does have effects on the rest of the body. The reason is that there is a blood–brain barrier which prevents large molecules from getting into the brain. Instead, the hormone is produced by special nerve cells inside the brain.

paragraphs: Oxytocin is also released through the use of recreational drugs like MDMA and some prescription anti-depressants.

paragraphs: Oxytocin was the first polypeptide hormone to be sequenced and synthesized, by Vincent du Vigneaud and colleagues in 1953.


title: Phil Jones (footballer)

paragraphs: Philip Anthony "Phil" Jones (born 21 February 1992) is an English footballer. Jones plays as a defender for Manchester United and the England under-21 national team. He played for Blackburn Rovers at both youth and senior levels before joining Manchester United. Jones usually plays central defender, but can also play as a right back or defensive midfielder.

paragraphs: Jones was born in Preston, Lancashire. He grew up in Clayton-le-Woods. He joined Blackburn Rovers' youth team in 2002. He joined the senior team for the 2009–10 Premier League season. Jones signed a two-year contract with the team. He wore uniform number 28 for Blackburn. He played his first game for Blackburn on 22 September 2009 in a League Cup game against Nottingham Forest. Blackburn won 1–0. In February 2010, he signed a new five-year contract. The contract had a £16 million release clause. Jones made his first Premier League start for Blackburn against Chelsea on 21 March. The game was a 1–1 draw at Ewood Park.

paragraphs: Jones started the 2010–11 season in midfield. He became one of the starters for the team. Jones hurt his knee in a game against West Ham United in December 2010. He could not play for three months because of the injury.

paragraphs: On 13 June 2011, Manchester United said that they had reached a deal to sign Jones. The deal was for an undisclosed transfer fee. The deal would be finished upon his return from international games. He played his first game for the club on the 2011 pre-season tour to the USA, in United's 3–1 victory over Chicago Fire. Jones played as a second-half substitute, replacing Rio Ferdinand, in a 3–2 win over rivals Manchester City in the 2011 Community Shield. Jones played in his first Premier League game for United a week later. He entered again as a substitute for Ferdinand. United beat West Bromwich Albion 2–1 on the opening weekend.

paragraphs: Jones played his first game for the England under-19 team in the 3–1 win over Turkey on 17 November 2009. He has since played three more times for the under-19s.

paragraphs: On 4 August 2010, Jones joined the England under-21 squad. On 10 August, Jones won his first under-21 cap, starting for England against Uzbekistan. He was substituted in the 46th minute and was replaced by Liverpool's Martin Kelly. He was selected for the 2011 U-21 European Championship in Denmark. Manager Stuart Pearce made Jones the captain of the team.

paragraphs: In 5 August 2011, he joined the England first-team squad for the friendly against the Netherlands. The game was cancelled four days later by the FA after the riots in London.

paragraphs: In November 2011, he competed in two home games for England at Wembley. The first was a 1-0 win against the world champions, Spain. The second was also a 1-0 win over Sweden. In both games he played midfield, this is in contrast to his 'right back' role for his club side, Manchester United.


title: Bob Burnquist

paragraphs: Bob Burnquist is a professional skateboarder from Sao Paulo, Brazil. He is in Tony Hawks Pro Skater video games.


title: Aermacchi M.B.339

paragraphs: Aermacchi M.B.339 was built by Alenia Aermacchi. The creation of this type was requested by the Aernautica Militaire. They wanted to use it as new trainer.

paragraphs: Based on Aermacchi M.B. 326, M.B. 339 is a direct successor of this type. The changes made on the cockpit, front parts and tail-end result in new product. The delivery has started in 1978. From 1982, those planes became the main plane of the Italian flight group Frecce Tricolori. This plane has been exported in 8 countries. The later types like M.B. 339 CD/FD have been produced only for Frecce Tricolori and can be seen as 4th generation fighters.


title: Ocean sunfish

paragraphs: The ocean sunfish ("Mola mola", also called the mola or sun fish) is a large ocean fish found in warm and temperate oceans. It is the heaviest known bony fish in the world. It has an almost circular, flattened body. This unusual fish swims by flapping its long pectoral and dorsal fins; the caudal fin is used as a rudder (for steering). Some sunfish have been seen floating on their sides at the top of the sea; they may be using the sun to heat themselves up. They eat crustaceans, starfish, jellyfish, sponges, mollusks, algae, plankton, squid, and small fish.

paragraphs: The species is native to tropical and temperate waters around the globe. It resembles a fish head with a tail, and its main body is flattened laterally.


title: Remora

paragraphs: Remora sometimes called a suckerfish or sharksucker, is an elongated, brown fish in the order Perciformes and family Echeneidae. They are small fish that live on and around sharks. They eat stray bits of food left by the shark and tiny shrimp-like parasites that live on the shark's skin. They have sucker-like disks on their heads with which they attach to the shark.

paragraphs: Both the shark and the remora benefit from the pairing, but the remore benefits much more; this is commensalism. Remora are also known as sucker fish or shark sucker.


title: Rick Snyder

paragraphs: Richard Dale Snyder (born August 19, 1958) is an American politician, business executive, venture capitalist, and accountant who was the 48th Governor of Michigan. A member of the Republican Party, he became governor on January 1, 2011 and left office on January 1, 2019.

paragraphs: A report by the University of Michigan School of Public Health concluded Snyder has "significant legal responsibility" for the Flint water crisis, exposing 6,000 to 12,000 Flint children to lead.


title: Bibliomania

paragraphs: Bibliomania can be a symptom of obsessive-compulsive disorder, by collecting of books to the point where social relations or health are in danger. It can be connected to stealing (kleptomania) of books.

paragraphs: Bibliomania is not to be confused with bibliophilia, which is the usual love of books.

paragraphs: Don Quixote may be the most famous bibliomaniac in fiction.


title: Jersey Shore

paragraphs: The Jersey Shore is the name for the part of New Jersey that is along the Atlantic Ocean.


title: Jefferson Cardoso dos Santos

paragraphs: Jefferson Cardoso dos Santos (15 February 1986 in São Vicente, Brazil) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for F.C. Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga. He is a defender.

paragraphs: He started playing football with his local club São Vicente Atlético Clube and then went on to Jabaquara Atlético Clube in Brazils 4th league. He became Champion with this team and then went on to Red Bull Brasil. With this team he was two times promoted. In summer 2011 he and his team mate Alex Rafael were invited to train with F.C. Red Bull Salzburg. He played two test matches for Salzburg (Bayer 04 Leverkusen, Olympique Lyon). He convinced the club and so he was signed for Red Bull Salzburg. After some matches as substitution he played his first match in the starting team on 21 August 2011 in a league match versus S.K. Sturm Graz.


title: 2010 Russian Premier League

paragraphs: The 2010 Russian Premier League was the 19th season of the Russian Premier League. The team with the most points was Zenit St. Petersburg, with 68 points. CSKA Moscow was second with 62 points. The season started on March 12, 2010. The last match was played November 29, 2010. On November 14, 2010, Zenit St. Petersburg claimed their titles after a 5-0 win against FC Rostov. Lastly, this season was Saturn Moscow Oblast's last season. The team was dissolved after.


title: Chillán Viejo

paragraphs: Chillán Viejo is a Chilean commune in the south of Chillán. According to the Chilean , Chillán Viejo has an area of and 26,172 inhabitants.

paragraphs: This commune began in 1895. Thanks to an administrative crisis, the title of commune was revoked on 1927. Finally, in 1995, during the promulgation of a law in the government of the now ex-president Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, Chillán Viejo is again a commune.

paragraphs: The colonial house where Bernardo O'Higgins born on 1778.


title: Pyramid scheme

paragraphs: A pyramid scheme is a way of making money that cannot continue very long. It involves promising people payment, services or ideals, primarily for enrolling other people into the scheme or training them to take part. It does not supply any real investment or sale of products or services to the public. Pyramid schemes are a form of fraud. For this reason, pyramid schemes are illegal in many countries.

paragraphs: This type of scheme has existed for at least a century (100 years). The way the scheme is described is sometimes changed to hide what it is doing. Many people believe that multilevel marketing (MLM) is also a pyramid scheme.

paragraphs: A successful pyramid scheme combines a business that seems real with a simple-to-understand money-making description which is used for profit. The idea is that the first person, Mr. X, makes a payment. To get money, Mr. X has to recruit others like him who will also make a payment. Mr. X gets paid out of money received from those new people (recruits). The recruits go on to involve others. As each new recruit makes a payment, Mr. X gets a part. He is promised always increasing benefits as the "business" expands.

paragraphs: Such "businesses" do not have real products or services. To make them more believable, most such scams have fake letters from successful members and information. Only the first person (sometimes called the "pharaoh") and a very few at the top levels of the pyramid make a lot of money. The amounts get much smaller further down the pyramid. Someone at the bottom of the pyramid loses money. They paid to enter, but cannot get anyone else to join.

paragraphs: Recruiting a large number of others into a scheme can be difficult so a system is used that seems more simple. In this model each person must recruit only two others. However, a larger number of levels is needed before the person gets paid any money. The scheme requires a person to recruit two others, who must each recruit two others, who must each recruit two others.

paragraphs: The "eight-ball" model contains a total of fifteen members. This scheme has been called the "Airplane Game" and the four tiers labelled as "captain," "co-pilot," "crew," and "passenger" to denote a person's level.

paragraphs: Such schemes may hide their pyramid nature by calling themselves as "gifting circles" with money being "gifted." The eight passengers must each pay (or "gift") a sum (e.g. $1,000) to join the scheme. This total of $8,000 goes to the captain who leaves the scheme. Everyone remaining moves up one level. There are now two new captains so the group splits in two with each group requiring eight new passengers. A person who joins the scheme as a passenger will not get any money until they advance through the crew and co-pilot levels to captain. Therefore, the participants in the bottom 3 tiers of the pyramid lose their money if the scheme collapses. Popular schemes such as the "Women Empowering Women" do this.


paragraphs: The Stinky Cheese Man and Other Fairly Stupid Tales is a children's book by Jon Scieszka. It was published in 1992 by Viking. It is a collection of stories which make fun of famous children's stories and fairy tales, such as "Chicken Licken", "The Gingerbread Man" (changed to The Stinky Cheese Man of the title), "The Ugly Duckling", and others. It was illustrated by Lane Smith, who won the Caldecott Honor for his illustrations. This book also won the New York Times Best Illustrated Book award, among numerous awards in many countries.

paragraphs: The book was also re-released in a new edition in 2002 to celebrate its tenth anniversary. This new edition also included a story which had been listed in the Table of Contents of the previous editions, but had not appeared anywhere in the book. This story was printed on the back of the dust jacket.


title: Palestine at the Olympics

paragraphs: Palestine at the Olympics is a history which includes 5 games in 5 countries and 10+ athletes. Since 1996, Palestine (PLE) has contributed to the growth of the "Olympic Movement".

paragraphs: Palestine has been at the Summer Olympics since 1996. Since 1986 Palestine is part of the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA). Palestine has not won any Olympic medals.


title: São Paulo Museum of Art

paragraphs: The São Paulo Museum of Art is an art museum on Paulista Avenue in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The museum opened in 1968.


title: Philippines at the Olympics

paragraphs: Philippines at the Olympics is a history which includes 23 games in 16 countries and 370+ athletes. Since 1911, the Philippines has contributed to the growth of the "Olympic Movement".

paragraphs: The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for the Philippines is PHI.

paragraphs: The Philippine National Olympic Committee was formed in 1911. It was recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1929.

paragraphs: Philippines's team first competed at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris.

paragraphs: The team did not compete in the 1980 Summer Olympics.

paragraphs: Filipino athletes have also been at the Winter Olympic Games three times after 1972, but not since 1994. The Philippines is the first nation in the tropics to be in the Winter Olympic Games.


title: Robert Louis Stevenson

paragraphs: Robert Louis Balfour Stevenson (Edinburgh, 13 November 1850 – 3 December 1894) was a Scottish writer. He wrote 13 novels. He also wrote short stories, poems, and travel books.

paragraphs: Stevenson is known for his books, "Treasure Island", "Kidnapped", and "Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde". In 1857 Stevenson went to a school called Mr Henderson's School in India Street, Edinburgh. When poor health stopped him going to school, he had private tutors teaching him.


title: Qatar at the Olympics

paragraphs: Qatar at the Olympics is a history which includes 8 games in 7 countries and 100+ athletes. Since 1979, Oman has contributed to the growth of the "Olympic Movement".

paragraphs: The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Qatar is QAT.

paragraphs: The Qatar Olympic Committee was formed in 1979 and recognized by the IOC in 1980.

paragraphs: Teams from Qatar have taken part in the Summer Olympic Games but not the Winter Olympic Games.

paragraphs: After the 2008 Summer Olympics, Qatar was, along with Saudi Arabia and Brunei, one of only three countries to never send a female athlete to the Olympic Games. The International Olympic Committee in 2010 said it would "press" these countries to have women's participate. Then the Qatar Olympic Committee said it "hoped to send up to four female athletes in shooting and fencing" to the 2012 Summer Games in London.


title: The Westing Game

paragraphs: The Westing Game is a mystery novel written by Ellen Raskin. It was published in 1978 and it won the Newbery Medal in 1979. It was made into a movie which was released in 1997. This movie was released under both the names "The Westing Game" and "Get a Clue".


title: Selous' zebra

paragraphs: The Selous' zebra ("Equus quagga borensis") is one of the six subspecies of the plains zebra ("Equus quagga"). Selous' Zebra is a critically endangered species. These are often confused with the Damaraland zebras ("Equus quagga antiquorum"), and the Chapman Zebra ("Equus quagga chapmani"). The Selous' Zebra's belly is partly striped and they have clean black and white banding. They do not have the brown shadow stripes of the Chapman Zebra.

paragraphs: Selous's Zebra lives in the northwest of Kenya, parts of Uganda, and the southeast of Sudan.


title: Saudi Arabia at the Olympics

paragraphs: Saudi Arabia has been in eight Summer Olympic Games. They first were in the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany. They have never been in the Winter Olympic Games.

paragraphs: By Saudi Arabian law, women cannot be in the Olympic Games. However, the International Olympic Committee is reportedly pressuring the Saudi Olympic Committee to send female athletes to the 2012 Summer Olympics. Others want Saudi Arabia to not be in the Olympics unless they let women in.

paragraphs: The Saudi Arabian Olympic Committee was formed in 1964 and recognized in 1965.


title: BMW in Formula One

paragraphs: BMW has been in Formula One since the beginning of the World Drivers' Championship in . BMW entered several races in the 1950s and 1960s. Often, they ran using the Formula Two rules. In the 1980s, they built the BMW M12/13 inline-four turbocharged engine. This engine was built for the Brabham team. Nelson Piquet won the championship driving a Brabham-BMW. BMW also supplied the M12/13 engine to the ATS, Arrows, Benetton and Ligier teams. In , Brabham left F1 for the season, and BMW stopped its official backing of the engines. Arrows still used the engine with the Megatron name. When Formula One banned turbocharged engines in , the M12/13 could no longer be used.

paragraphs: BMW returned to Formula One in . They made a deal to supply engines to only the Williams team. The engine was a new V10 engine. The engine deal with Williams ended after the season. BMW then bought the rival Sauber team. The BMW Sauber project lasted from until . Sauber, a former privateer team, became more competitive. In , Robert Kubica won the team's only race, the Canadian Grand Prix, with Nick Heidfeld finishing second. After the 2009 season, BMW withdrew from F1. They sold the team back to its founder, Peter Sauber.

paragraphs: The early years of the World Drivers' Championship saw private BMW racing cars, based on the pre-war BMW 328 chassis. They were entered in the German Grands Prix in and . A modified 328 with a rear engine became standard in Formula One in the early 1960s. It was known as the "Heck", the German automotive term for "back" or "rear". This design later found success with the Cooper team.

paragraphs: In German Grand Prix, BMW entered Hubert Hahne in a Lola chassis powered by an larger BMW engine, and David Hobbs in the Lola with the standard smaller BMW engine. For the German Grand Prix, Hahne returned and finished tenth, BMW's best result in Formula One to that date. BMW then entered three of its own 269 F2 chassis for the German Grand Prix for Hahne, Gerhard Mitter and Dieter Quester. Mitter was killed in a practice accident. The remaining BMW team withdrew from the race. BMW left F1 for a number of years.

paragraphs: In , Renault entered Formula One with a turbocharged engine. After the success Renault had, BMW decided to develop its own turbo engine. BMW announced the new program in April 1980. The engine was based on the BMW M10, a four-cylinder, 1.5 litre, normally aspirated (non-turbocharged) engine designed in the late 1950s. The racing version, the M12, had been successful in Formula Two and other series. The prototype 1.4 litre turbo engine soon developed 600 bhp. It used a single Kühnle, Kopp & Kausch (KKK) turbocharger, Bosch electronics, and fuel injection. This engine was developed into the M12/13, the race engine BMW supplied to five teams from 1982 to 1988.

paragraphs: BMW first made a deal to supply the M12/13 engine only to the Brabham. Testing of the M12/13 started in late 1980. A new car, Brabham BT50 was design for the engine. The new car was not finished until will into the season. The team's lead driver, Nelson Piquet, tested the BT50 throughout 1981. The car was unreliable until Bosch improved the electronics.

paragraphs: Brabham began the 1982 season with two BMW-powered BT50 chassis. Because of reliability problems, the BT50 was not used at all the races that year. BMW saw their first win in Canadian Grand Prix, where the cool conditions helped the turbocharged engine. The BT50 was used for the rest of the season. The car was still unreliable, and the drivers only made four finishes the rest of the season.

paragraphs: In , the reliability of the BMW engine was improved. The new Brabham BT52 allowed Nelson Piquet to win the Drivers' Championship. Brabham finished third in the Constructors' Championship. BMW also began supplying its engines to the German ATS team this season. Manfred Winkelhock, the only driver for the team, was unable to score any points.

paragraphs: For , BMW expanded to three teams, supplying the M12/13 to Arrows. In , BMW was back to two teams. ATS had left Formula One. Piquet won one race, the French Grand Prix. It was the only win for BMW that year.

paragraphs: For the 1986 season, BMW was back to three teams with the addition of Benetton. Benetton had the most success, scoring 19 points, and winning the Mexican Grand Prix. In , BMW only supplied Brabham with works engines. Arrows and Ligier used the "Megatron", a rebadged BMW engine. At the end of the year, Benetton team owner Bernie Ecclestone decided not to compete the following year. This ended the BMW turbo engine. The Arrows team still used the "Megatrons" engine for . They finished fifth in the Constructors' Championship, their best finish in the team's 25-year history.

paragraphs: For , the technical regulations were changed to ban turbocharged engines. During the M12/13 engine's time in F1, the engine had won the 1983 Drivers' Championship and nine Grands Prix. It also took 14 pole positions and set 13 fastest laps.

paragraphs: Williams had been very successful using Renault engines. They won the , , and Drivers' Championships. They also won the , , , and Constructors' Championships. When Renault left F1 at the end of 1997, Williams needed a new engine. In , the BMW signed a contract to supply the Williams team with engines.

paragraphs: BMW spent 18 months building and testing a normally aspirated, 3.0 litre V10 engine. The E41 engine was ready to race in the 2000 season. The Williams FW22 with the BMW E41 engine was driven by Ralf Schumacher and Jenson Button. Schumacher scored a podium finish in the engine's first race. The team finished the year with two more podium finishes, and third in the Constructors' Championship.

paragraphs: For , BMW designed a more aggressive P80 engine. The engine had a big power improvement. Schumacher and new team-mate Juan Pablo Montoya scored four race wins. For , the team won only one race with Schumacher at the Malaysian Grand Prix. Montoya took seven pole positions, but was not able to win a single race.

paragraphs: The Williams team was more competitive in . Both drivers won on two time. For , Williams produced the FW26 chassis with a radical nose section. This design did not work very well. Williams slipped to fourth in the Constructors' Championship. Montoya's victory in the Brazilian Grand Prix the team's only win (and the team's final win to date). Both Schumacher and Montoya left the team at the end of the season.

paragraphs: BMW bought Swiss team Sauber in June 2005 to form the BMW Sauber F1 Team. The takeover came after BMW's relationship with Williams had deteriorated in the previous months, the partnership ending at the end of the season. The team was based at Sauber's headquarters in Hinwil, Switzerland and BMW's headquarters in Munich, Germany.

paragraphs: The team scored two podium finishes and came fifth in 2006, its first season in Formula One. This was followed by a second place in 2007 after the McLaren team had been excluded from the championship. Polish driver Robert Kubica took the team's only Grand Prix victory at the 2008 Canadian Grand Prix. Following a poor season, BMW withdrew from Formula One and sold the team back to founder Peter Sauber.

paragraphs: For the 2006 season, BMW Sauber signed Nick Heidfeld from Williams to be the lead driver, while World Champion Jacques Villeneuve had his existing two-year contract with Sauber honoured. Robert Kubica was signed as the team's third driver. The team continued to use Sauber's facilities, mostly for chassis construction and wind tunnel testing, while BMW's headquarters in Munich were responsible for building the new 2.4 litre P86 V8 engine, revised technical regulations forcing a change from the 3 litre V10 formula. This replaced the Petronas-badged Ferrari engines which the team had used since 1997. The Sauber team's existing major sponsors, Petronas and Credit Suisse, renewed their contracts with BMW. The team also announced a technical partnership with technology company Intel. The team's new livery, which was maintained throughout its tenure in Formula One, consisted of the traditional BMW blue and white with a hint of red.

paragraphs: Villeneuve scored the team's first points with a seventh-place finish at the Malaysian Grand Prix, after Heidfeld retired from fifth with an engine failure late in the race. Over the first two thirds of the season the drivers picked up points with a succession of seventh and eighth-place finishes, plus a fourth-place finish for Heidfeld at the Australian Grand Prix. The team ran a radical "twin towers" aero enhancement on the front of the car for the French Grand Prix, which was meant improve the flow of air over the top of the chassis. The parts were promptly banned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) as they were adjudged to impede the drivers' vision and thus compromise safety.

paragraphs: Heidfeld scored the team's first podium finish at the Hungarian Grand Prix from tenth on the grid. This race also saw the début of Robert Kubica, who replaced Villeneuve after the latter had crashed heavily at the preceding German Grand Prix. Kubica finished seventh, although he was later disqualified after his car was found to be underweight. The official reason for Villeneuve's absence was that he was recovering from his previous accident, but the team later announced that the driver change was permanent. Kubica scored BMW Sauber's second podium finish of the season at the Italian Grand Prix, after running in third place for most of the race and leading briefly during the first round of pit stops. Heidfeld finished in eighth, but set the team's first fastest lap. The team scored a total of 36 points to finish fifth in the Constructors' Championship, an improvement on Sauber's eighth position with 20 points in .

paragraphs: On 19 October 2006, BMW announced that Robert Kubica would partner Nick Heidfeld for the 2007 Formula One season with Sebastian Vettel taking the test and reserve driver role. Timo Glock was later signed as the team's second test driver. The team launched its 2007 car, the F1.07, on January 16, 2007.

paragraphs: The new car showed promising form throughout winter testing, topping the times sheets on occasions. However, team principal Mario Theissen declared some reliability concerns before the season's opening race in Australia. Kubica retired from fourth place with a gearbox problem, but Heidfeld took over the position and held it to the end of the race. In the early races of the season, Heidfeld and Kubica scored a series of points finishes and established BMW Sauber as the third-fastest team, behind Ferrari and McLaren. Theissen also made the point that the performance gap between BMW Sauber and the two top teams was less than the gap between BMW Sauber and the teams behind it.

paragraphs: The Canadian Grand Prix brought mixed fortunes for the team. While Heidfeld scored BMW Sauber's best result thus far with a second-place finish, Kubica suffered a huge crash that resulted in a long safety car period. The media was initially told Kubica had broken his leg, but it later proved that he had escaped with only a sprained ankle and concussion. Vettel took his place in the United States Grand Prix, finishing in eighth place and therefore becoming the youngest driver to score a Formula One World Championship point. Later in the season, Vettel moved teams to take a race seat at the Toro Rosso team.

paragraphs: Kubica returned to racing action at the French Grand Prix and proved his recovery by finishing in fourth position. Over the remainder of the season, he and Heidfeld continued their form to score a total of 101 points, which secured the team second in the Constructors' Championship after McLaren's disqualification. Heidfeld scored another podium finish at the Hungarian Grand Prix and scored 61 points to Kubica's 39, while Vettel's sole appearance produced an additional point.

paragraphs: On August 21, 2007, BMW confirmed its driver line-up of Heidfeld and Kubica for the season.

paragraphs: Their 2008 car, the F1.08 was officially launched in Munich at BMW Welt on January 14, 2008. It made its track debut at Valencia the next day, with Robert Kubica driving. Team principal Mario Theissen set the target of the team's first win.

paragraphs: BMW Sauber started the season well with Kubica narrowly missing out on pole after a mistake in his main qualifying lap in Melbourne. He later retired after being hit by Kazuki Nakajima but Heidfeld finished second. Kubica took second in Malaysia, with Heidfeld in 6th setting the fastest lap of the race. The team's points total of 11 was their largest score up to that time. In Bahrain, Kubica scored his and the team's first ever pole position, beating Felipe Massa by just under three hundredths of a second. The team went on to finish 3rd and 4th in the race, equalling their highest round points total and promoting them to first place in the constructors' championship for the first time.

paragraphs: The team also attained a second-place finish in the Monaco Grand Prix with Robert Kubica, beating both Ferraris and only trailing the McLaren of Lewis Hamilton by three seconds.

paragraphs: BMW Sauber's first race victory came in the 2008 Canadian Grand Prix, the team achieving a one-two finish with Robert Kubica's first race win and Nick Heidfeld taking second place. The victory came after Lewis Hamilton collided with Kimi Räikkönen in the pitlane, ending the race for both drivers. Kubica was on a different refueling strategy from Heidfeld, who also briefly led the race before securing the one-two finish for BMW Sauber in comfortable fashion.

paragraphs: After the team's breakthrough win, development was switched to the 2009 season where new regulations come into play. This greatly annoyed Kubica, (who was leading the championship after the Canadian Grand Prix), as he felt they could have had a realistic chance of taking at least one title. The lack of development was reflected with a drop of form throughout the second half of the season, causing BMW to be outpaced by Renault, Toyota and even Toro Rosso (who started the season as one of the slowest teams) by the end of the season. Despite this, Kubica remained with an outside chance of taking the drivers championship until the Chinese Grand Prix, the 17th round out of 18.

paragraphs: In October the team confirmed that they would stick with Robert Kubica and Nick Heidfeld as their drivers for the Season.

paragraphs: Although BMW Sauber targeted the season as the year they would challenge for the title, their start to the season was a disappointment. Kubica was running in 3rd place in the opening round when he collided with Vettel while battling for 2nd place and was forced to retire. Heidfeld then secured the team's first podium of the year in Malaysia, but after 6 races BMW Sauber had collected a mere 6 points, and occupied 8th place in the Constructors' Championship out of 10 teams. A raft of upgrades were set for Turkey, including an improved regenerative braking system (KERS) and a double deck diffuser. While the new diffuser was implemented, the KERS could not be made to fit the new car and both drivers raced without the device. After the qualifying session for the British Grand Prix Mario Theissen announced that the team had decided to halt further development KERS; of which BMW had been one of the strongest proponents, and focus instead on improving the car's aerodynamics. This left Ferrari and McLaren as the only remaining users of the KERS system. In the European Grand Prix at Valencia Robert Kubica scored the team's first points since the race in Turkey.

paragraphs: Following a meeting of the BMW board on July 28, the company held at press conference the following morning in which it confirmed the team's withdrawal from Formula One at the end of 2009. Chairman Dr Norbert Reithofer described the decision as a strategic one. The Formula One Teams Association released a statement in response pledging its support to help the team remain in F1.

paragraphs: On 15 September 2009 it was announced that BMW Sauber had secured a buyer, Qadbak Investments Limited which said to represent European and Middle Eastern interests. However Lotus had been given the 13th and final slot in the 2010 Championship. The team were awarded what was termed a 14th entry, which hinges either on another team dropping out or all the other teams agreeing to allow 28 cars to enter the 2010 Championship.

paragraphs: On November 22, Swiss newspaper SonntagsZeitung revealed that Qadbak's attempt to purchase the team had failed as it did not have the necessary funds. Qadbak turned out to be a shell company with no assets and no investors behind it. On November 27, 2009 it was announced that Peter Sauber would repurchase the team conditional upon the team receiving a FIA entry for the 2010 season. The FIA subsequently granted Sauber an entry on December 3. The team used Ferrari engines in .

paragraphs: The team retained the BMW Sauber name for the season, despite using Ferrari engines.


title: Andrew Gaze

paragraphs: Andrew Barry Casson Gaze (born 24 July 1965) is a famous Australian basketball player. He has been very successful in his career.

paragraphs: Andrew is the son of Lindsay Gaze, who coached and played basketball himself. Andrew started playing in the NBL when he was 18 years old. He won the 'rookie of the year' prize in 1984. He scored the most points out of everyone in a season 14 times. This was because he was very good at shooting, including 'three-point' shots. Gaze played with Lanard Copeland at the Melbourne Tigers for most of his career. He often through 'alley oop' passes to Copeland. Gaze helped the Tigers reach the finals almost every year. He also helped them win two championships.

paragraphs: Gaze played in the Olympic Games for Australia in 1984, 1988, 1992, 1996 and 2000. In 2000 he became only the third basketball player to play in 5 Olympic Games. He led the team to 4th place at the 1988, 1996 and 2000 Olympics.) He was chosen to be the flag-bearer for the Australian team at the opening ceremony at the 2000 Sydney Olympics. He has scored more points at the Olympics than any other player. He is the second-highest scorer of all-time in World Championship play.

paragraphs: In 1988–99, Gaze played for a season college basketball at Seton Hall. His team reached the 1989 NCAA finals. They lost in overtime to Michigan. He tried out with the NBA's Seattle SuperSonics, but did not make the team. In 1993–94 he played seven games for the Washington Bullets. He also played with the San Antonio Spurs in 1998, but became hurt at the end of the season. The Spurs won the title and Gaze was given a championship ring.

paragraphs: After the Sydney Olympics, Gaze retired from playing overseas. He retired from the NBL on May 12th 2005. He had played for more than 20 years. Soon after, he wrote his autobiography, "A Kid, a Ball, a Dream", with help from Grantley Bernard.

paragraphs: Nowadays, Gaze often takes part in TV advertisements. He also commentates for channel 7, SEN 1116 and (occasionally) Fox Sports. Gaze now coaches for the Melbourne Tigers' junior basketball club. Gaze took part in series five of "Dancing with the Stars" He is now also working as a presenter on Channel Seven's "Guide to the Good Life".


title: Honus Wagner

paragraphs: Johannes Peter "Honus" Wagner (; February 24, 1874 – December 6, 1955 ) was an American Major League Baseball shortstop. He was nicknamed "The Flying Dutchman" because he was German and very fast. He played in the National League from 1897 to 1917. He played for the Louisville Colonels for two years, and then for the Pittsburgh Pirates for 17 years. Wagner won eight batting titles, the most in National League history. He held the league record for slugging percentage six times, and the record for stolen bases five times.

paragraphs: He was inducted (added to) the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1936. He was one of the first five members of the hall of fame. He received the second-highest vote total to be added. Ty Cobb is the only person to get more votes. Babe Ruth tied with Wagner for second-highest.

paragraphs: Most historians think that Ty Cobb is the greatest player of the dead-ball era. But some think that Wagner was a better all-around player. Most baseball historians think that Wagner was the greatest shortstop ever. Cobb said that Wagner was "maybe the greatest star ever to take the diamond."

paragraphs: Johannes Wagner was born on February 24, 1874 in the Chartiers neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. (Chartiers is now part of Carnegie, Pennsylvania.) His parents were Peter and Katheryn Wagner. His father was a coal miner and his mother was a housewife. Both of his parents were German immigrants.

paragraphs: Wagner was one of five children. His mother called him Hans as a child. This name evolved (change into over time) into Honus. When he was 12, Wagner dropped out of school to work in the coal mines with his father. In their free time, Honus and his brothers played sandlot baseball. They became so good that three of Honus's brothers also became professional baseball players.

paragraphs: Honus's older brother, Albert "Butts" Wagner, was a professional baseball player. In 1895, he was playing for the Inter-State League. He got Honus a tryout with the league.

paragraphs: In 1894, Honus married Bessie Baine Smith. They had three daughters: Elva Katrina (b. 1918), Betty Baine (b. 1919), and Virginia Mae (b. 1922).

paragraphs: Honus started playing for the Inter-State League in 1895. He played for five different teams in his first year. The towns he played for were Steubenville, Akron, Mansfield, Adrian, and Warren.

paragraphs: Ed Barrow, a manager from the Atlantic League, saw Honus play. He convinced Honus to come play for the Paterson Silk Weavers of Paterson, New Jersey. In 1896, Wagner had a batting average of .313. In 1897, Wagner played 74 games and hit .375.


title: Klaipėda

paragraphs: Klaipėda is a city in Lithuania. It is where the Nemunas River flows into the Baltic Sea. Klaipėda is the third largest city in Lithuania and the capital of Klaipėda County. The German name of the city is Memel. Until 1920, this city was the northernmost city of the German Empire.

paragraphs: The city's history is complicated. The Port of Klaipėda is important in the area. It is a usually ice-free port on the Baltic Sea. It has been controlled by the Teutonic Knights, the Duchy of Prussia, the Kingdom of Prussia, the German Empire, the Entente States, Lithuania, and the Third Reich. The city became part of Lithuania while it was a Soviet Socialist Republic. Klaipėda remained part of Lithuania after it again became independent state.

paragraphs: The population shrank from 207,100 in 1992 to 177,823 in 2011. Popular seaside resorts found close to Klaipėda are Nida to the south on the Curonian Spit, and Palanga to the north.


title: JIT

paragraphs: JIT, Just-In-Time compilation is a way to translate bytecode instructions to instructions the processor understands. Bytecode is a set of computer instructions for a processor that only exists on paper.

paragraphs: The alternative to a JIT is an interpreter that looks at each bytecode instruction individually and then decides what to with it. When you run over the same part of the program again, an interpreter has to make the decisions again. While a JIT makes the decisions on how to handle the bytecode once, and then stores it as native processor instructions (this takes memory). Properly deciding how to translate bytecode take some time, so you have some minor slowdown in startup speed. A proper modern JIT first runs a regular interpreter, and then does the JIT step once it knows something is used frequently.


title: Hınıs

paragraphs: Hınıs is a town in Erzurum district in east of Turkey. Over 20,000 people live there, mainly Kurdish.


title: Avro 683 Lancaster

paragraphs: Avro 683 Lancaster was developed out of Avro 679 Manchester. It was the most used RAF bomber in the Second World War. The changes made on Avro 679, like four Rolls-Royce Merlin X instead of two powerplants and longer wings, have led to the new name Avro 683. Royal Air Force ordered 1070 pieces of this airplane. After the success on the war places, Avro sold the production licence to other companies. One of those was Packard, who bought the licence for powerplant production and improved them. The variant with the most produced pieces was Avro 683 B I, a plane which was the base of RAF Bomber Command at that time.


title: Indre (department)

paragraphs: Indre is a department in the centre of France in the Centre-Val de Loire region. It is named after the Indre river, the most important river in the department.

paragraphs: The department is one of the 83 French departments made during the French revolution, on 4 March 1790. The department was created from part of the former province of Berry.

paragraphs: The new department had six districts: Issoudun, Châteauroux, Argenton, Le Blanc, La Châtre and Marennes. The capital (now prefecture) was Châteauroux.

paragraphs: In 1800, with the creation of the "arrondissements" in France, the six districts were changed into four "arrondissements": Saintes, Châteauroux, Le Blanc, La Châtre and Issoudun.

paragraphs: On 10 September 1926, the "arrondissement" of Issoudun was eliminated but in 1942 it was made again an "arrondissement".

paragraphs: Indre is part of the Centre-Val de Loire region. It has an area of .

paragraphs: The highest point of the department is "Terrior Randoin" (), in the "commune" of Pouligny-Notre-Dame, and that is above sea level.

paragraphs: The department is bordered by the 6 departments in 2 regions:

paragraphs: The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Châteauroux is an "Oceanic climate" (also known as Marine West Coast Climate) and of the subtype Cfb.

paragraphs: The average amount of precipitation for the year in Châteauroux is . The month with the most precipitation on average is May with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is February with an average of .

paragraphs: The average temperature for the year in Châteauroux is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of .

paragraphs: The department is managed by the "Departmental Council of the Indre" in Châteauroux. Indre is part of the region of Centre-Val de Loire.

paragraphs: There are 4 "arrondissements" (districts), 13 "cantons" and 243 "communes" (municipalities) in Indre.

paragraphs: The following is a list of the 13 cantons of the Indre department, following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:

paragraphs: The inhabitants of Indre are known, in French, as "Indriens" (women: "Indriennes").

paragraphs: Indre has a population, in 2014, of 226,175, for a population density of inhabitants/km. The "arrondissement" of Châteauroux, with 126,428 inhabitants, is by far the largest.


title: Blackburn B-103

paragraphs: Blackburn B-103 Buccaneer was made for the Royal Navy, the naval part of the United Kingdom´s armed forces. It was also by the Royal Air Force starting in 1968. That was the first airplane with some technical innovations like a system for increased buoyancy, a split rudder (which widens to be an air brake), and rotating magazine for nuclear or conventional weapons. After tests, this plane was selected and put in use by Royal Navy in 1962. This aircraft was retired in 1994. It was used in the 1991 Gulf War.


title: Southern (Govia Thameslink Railway)

paragraphs: Southern is a train operating company in the south of England. They operate routes around the southeast such as London, Kent, West Sussex, East Sussex and more. It is a division of Govia.


title: Annie Lennox

paragraphs: Ann Lennox (born 25 December 1954) is an Academy Award-winning Scottish pop-rock singer. She is best known for being the lead singer of the Eurythmics. Lennox has also released five albums on her own.


title: Michael Sheard

paragraphs: Michael Sheard (born 18 June 1940 Aberdeen) is a Scottish actor. He as been in a many movies and television programmes.


title: John Steell

paragraphs: Sir John Steell (1804 - 1891) was a Scottish sculptor born in Aberdeen, but moved to Edinburgh at an early age. A number of the public statues there are by him including the one of the Duke of Wellington outside Register House and that of Sir Walter Scott at the Scott Monument.


title: Alexander Auldjo

paragraphs: Alexander Auldjo (October 21, 1758 – May 21, 1821) was a businessman and political figure in Lower Canada.

paragraphs: Auldjo was born in Aberdeen, Scotland in 1758. He came to Montreal around 1778. He became a fur trader. Later he exported wheat and imported goods from England. In 1796, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada for Montreal West. He also became a Justice of the Peace. Auldjo was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel during the War of 1812. In 1817, he became a shareholder in the Bank of Montreal. His brother George was Lord Provost of Aberdeen.


title: Neuromancer

paragraphs: Neuromancer is a science fiction novel by William Gibson. It was published in 1984. It is an important book that started the cyberpunk genre. It was Gibson's first novel and the beginning of the Sprawl trilogy. "Neuromancer" was the first novel to win all three of the important awards in science fiction — the Nebula Award, the Philip K. Dick Award, and the Hugo Award.

paragraphs: Terry Carr asked Gibson to write the book for the third series of Ace Science Fiction Specials. This was a series for authors' first novels.


title: The Giver

paragraphs: The Giver is a novel by Lois Lowry. It is science fiction. Bantam Books published the book in 1993. It won the Newbery Medal for excellence in American literature for children in 1994. "The Giver" has sold more than 5 million copies.

paragraphs: Many people did not think that it was right for "The Giver" to win the Newbery Medal. This was because they thought that the book had events and ideas in it that were not good for children. Therefore, the book has also been challenged and banned.

paragraphs: "The Giver" is the first book in a quartet. "Gathering Blue," "Messenger," and "Son" are the books.


title: Alex Rafael da Silva Antônio

paragraphs: Alex Rafael da Silva Antônio (born 1 January 1988 in São Paulo, Brazil) is a Brazilian footballer. He plays for F.C. Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga as striker.

paragraphs: He started playing football in the youth teams of Corinthians São Paulo. In 2007, he went on to the local rival Palmeiras. After the foundation of Red Bull Brasil, he played with this team and was promoted two times till they played in the Série A2, the second league in the province of São Paulo. In 2010, he played in the final of the Copa Paulista.

paragraphs: In 2011, he and his team mate Jefferson were invited to practice with FC Red Bull Salzburg in Austria. He played in test matches versus Bayer Leverkusen and Olympique Lyonnais. He could convince the coaches and so he signed with FC Red Bull Salzburg in Austrias Bundesliga.


title: Corroboree frog

paragraphs: There are two species of corroboree frog:


title: Northern corroboree frog

paragraphs: There are two species of corroboree frog, the northern corroboree frog, "Pseudophryne pengilleyi" and the southern corroboree frog, "Pseudophryne corroboree".

paragraphs: The two frogs were believed to be the same. But in 1996 they were recognised as two different species. The northern corroboree frog is a very small black frog with either light green or yellow stripes. Unlike the southern species, these stripes are sometimes broken.

paragraphs: It lives in the subalpine areas of south eastern Australia, an area of about including the Kosciusko National Park, Namadgi National Park, the Brindabella Mountains and the Fiery Ranges.

paragraphs: The northern corroboree frog has not suffered as badly as the southern as it has a much larger habitat. It lives above above sea level and with higher population numbers at the lower level. It has recently been downgraded from critical to an endangered species by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN).


title: Galaxy Science Fiction

paragraphs: Galaxy Science Fiction was an American science fiction magazine. It was published from 1950 to 1980.

paragraphs: H. L. Gold was the first editor. He made "Galaxy" the leading science fiction magazine of its time. He published stories about social issues, not just technology. Gold published many well-known and important stories, including: Robert A. Heinlein's "The Puppet Masters" and Alfred Bester's "The Demolished Man". He also published Ray Bradbury's "The Fireman", which later became the novel "Fahrenheit 451".

paragraphs: By the late 1950s, Frederik Pohl was helping Gold with the magazine. When Gold became ill, Pohl became editor. He started officially at the end of 1961, but had been doing most of the editing for a while. "Galaxy" continued to be successful. Pohl often published fiction by important writers such as Cordwainer Smith, Jack Vance, Harlan Ellison, and Robert Silverberg. However, Pohl never won the annual Hugo Award for his work at "Galaxy". He did win three Hugos for another magazine, "If". In 1969, "Galaxy" was sold to Universal Publishing and Distribution Corporation (UPD) and Pohl quit. Later editors included Ejler Jakobsson and James Baen.


title: Dragan Klaric

paragraphs: Dragan Klaric, born 17 February 1965, is a Swedish blogger and former Sweden Democrats (SD) politician of Croatian origin. He was the head of “SD-television”, the Sweden Democrats’ own TV station, and a full-time party employee. He left the party in temper, motivating his resignation by writing, “the reason [for my resignation] is that I was ‘assfucked’ a mere month before the election as I was requested to resign from my chair at SD-television. Two years and eight months of faithful and loyal service to the party is suddenly forgotten”.

paragraphs: Klaric has been found guilty of libel three times, in tort cases, and has been forced to pay damages in every case. In 2009, the Helsingborg district court found him guilty of libel against Tommy Funebo, and once more in 2010, against Fredrik Jönsson. However, he was not found guilty of the comments somebody wrote about Jönsson on Klaric's blog, which Klaric approved. The court of appeal of Skåne and Blekinge later overruled the district court, finding him guilty.

paragraphs: Klaric’s blog was investigated by the Swedish anti-racist newspaper Expo during its review of the atmosphere of the Sweden Democrats community on the Internet. On May 20, 2010, press ombudsman Yrsa Stenius stated that Klaric “from a press-ethical point of view was to be considered a public person”.

paragraphs: On January 7, 2011, Swedish newspaper Helsingborgs Dagblad reported that the party and Dragan Klaric will end their cooperation in a legal dispute since they do not agree on Klaric’s time as chair of SD-television. According to SD, the party holds the copyright to all of the material from SD-television, and, in addition, SD demands that Klaric returns all equipment he has taken from the station. Klaric refuses to comply, arguing that SD-television was his own private project, and not a part of his employment, and, thus, that he alone owns the physical as well as intellectual property of the station. The events surrounding his resignation were covered by Expo.

paragraphs: After leaving the party, Klaric has intensively criticized the SD leadership on his blog.