title: Texas Chainsaw 3D

paragraphs: Texas Chainsaw (promoted as Texas Chainsaw 3D) is a 2013 American horror movie directed by John Luessenhop, with a screenplay by Adam Marcus, Debra Sullivan and Kirsten Elms and a story by Stephen Susco, Marcus and Sullivan.

paragraphs: It is the seventh installment in "The Texas Chainsaw Massacre" franchise and was presented in 3D. The movie is a sequel to the 1974 movie "The Texas Chain Saw Massacre".

paragraphs: It stars Alexandra Daddario, Dan Yeager, Trey Songz, Tania Raymonde, Scott Eastwood, Thom Barry, Paul Rae and Bill Moseley, with Gunnar Hansen and Marilyn Burns.

paragraphs: It was released January 4, 2013. It was a commercial success, making $47.2 million from a $20 million budget. It was also the last movie both Burns and Hansen starred in before they both died in 2014 and 2015 respectively.

paragraphs: A prequel that takes place before the original 1974 movie, titled "Leatherface", was released in 2017.


title: Leatherface (2017 movie)

paragraphs: Leatherface is a 2017 American horror movie directed by Julien Maury and Alexandre Bustillo and written by Seth M. Sherwood. It stars Stephen Dorff, Vanessa Grasse, Sam Strike, and Lili Taylor.

paragraphs: It is the eighth movie in the "Texas Chainsaw Massacre" ("TCM") series, and works as a prequel to 1974's "The Texas Chain Saw Massacre". It explains the origin of the series' lead character.


title: The Fappening

paragraphs: On August 31, 2014, a collection of almost 500 private pictures of many celebrities, mostly women, and with many having their nudes, were posted on the imageboard 4chan, and later shared by other users on websites and social networks such as Imgur and Reddit.

paragraphs: The images were initially believed to have been obtained via a breach of Apple's cloud services suite iCloud. However, access was later revealed to have been gained via targeted phishing attacks.

paragraphs: The event, which media outlets and Internet users referred to under names such as "The Fappening".) and "Celebgate", was met with a varied reaction from the media and fellow celebrities.

paragraphs: Many criticized the Apple Inc. company for not have a secure privacy server.

paragraphs: On September 20, 2014, a second batch of similar private photos of additional celebrities was leaked by hackers. On September 26, a third batch was also leaked, which was dubbed as "The Fappening 3".


title: Kumail Nanjiani

paragraphs: Kumail Nanjiani (born February 21, 1978) is a Pakistani-American stand-up comedian, actor, podcast host and writer.

paragraphs: He is also known as the voice of Prismo on the Emmy Award-winning animated series "Adventure Time". He starred on the TNT series "Franklin & Bash" and the Adult Swim series "Newsreaders".

paragraphs: In 2017, Nanjiani starred in the semi-autobiographical romantic comedy movie "The Big Sick" set in Chicago, which he wrote with his wife Emily V. Gordon. They were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay at the 90th Academy Awards.


title: Emily V. Gordon

paragraphs: Emily V. Gordon (born May 3, 1979) is an American writer, producer and podcast host.

paragraphs: She co-wrote the 2017 romantic comedy film "The Big Sick", based on her relationship with her husband, comedian Kumail Nanjiani. They were nominated the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay.

paragraphs: She co-created the live show "The Meltdown with Jonah and Kumail" and has worked with Comedy Central many times.

paragraphs: She met Nanjiani at a comedy show in Chicago where he was performing. They began dating but Gordon fell seriously ill and was put into a medically induced coma before being diagnosed with Still's disease. Gordon recovered and three months later "—" twelve months after meeting "—" they married.


title: Harun al-Rashid

paragraphs: Harun al-Rashid (also: Haroon al-Rasheed), was a caliph in what is now Iran, reigned from 786 to 809. He has become an icon of the Islamic golden age. He appears in many stories as a wise ruler, who often disguised himself as a peasant in order to walk amongst the people in Baghdad to find out how they lived and how he could improve their situation. His legacy has been cemented through his representation in the Arabian Nights.


title: Jin Yong

paragraphs: Louis Cha Jing-yong () (10 March 1924 – 30 October 2018), better known by his pen name Jin Yong, was a Chinese novelist and essayist. He co-founded the Hong Kong daily newspaper "Ming Pao" in 1959 and was its first editor-in-chief. He was Hong Kong's most famous writer. He was born in Haining, Zhejiang. He retired from the newspaper business in 1993.

paragraphs: Yong died after a long illness at a hospital in Happy Valley, Hong Kong on 30 October 2018 at the age of 94.


title: Happy Valley, Hong Kong

paragraphs: Happy Valley () is an upper-income residential area in Hong Kong. It is located on Hong Kong Island. It is part of Wan Chai District.

paragraphs: The area is sometimes known as Wong Nai Chung Kuk () or Wong Nai Chung Valley because of the Wong Nai Chung (, "lit." yellow mud stream) that leads into the area.

paragraphs: The area is home to the Happy Valley Racecourse, Hong Kong Racing Museum, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, home to the grounds of the Valley RFC rugby club, and the Hong Kong FC.


title: Kingwood, West Virginia

paragraphs: Kingwood is a city in and the county seat of Preston County, West Virginia, United States. It was founded in 1815. The population was 2,939 at the 2010 census. Kingwood is home to the West Virginia Zoo.


title: Preston County, West Virginia

paragraphs: Preston County is a county located in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 33,520. Its county seat is Kingwood. It was named for Virginia Governor James Patton Preston.


title: Morgantown, West Virginia

paragraphs: Morgantown is a city in and the county seat of Monongalia County, West Virginia. It is located on the banks of the Monongahela River. It is known as the home of West Virginia University. It had a population of 31,073 per the 2015 U.S. Census. Morgantown is the largest city in North-Central West Virginia. The Morgantown metropolitan area has a population of 138,176.


title: Sangharakshita

paragraphs: Sangharakshita (born Dennis Philip Edward Lingwood, 26 August 1925 – 30 October 2018) was a British Buddhist teacher and writer. He was born in Tooting, London. He was the founder of the 10 precept Triratna Buddhist Community, which was known until 2010 as the Friends of the Western Buddhist Order, or FWBO.

paragraphs: He was one of the few Westerners to be ordained as a Theravadin Bhikkhu in the period following World War II though he later left that tradition to study with other Buddhist teachers, including some from the Tibetan and Chan schools. He spent over 20 years in Asia, where he had a number of Tibetan Buddhist teachers.

paragraphs: He was known as "the founding father of Western Buddhism" due to his many publications, leadership of retreats, and contributions to awareness of Buddhism in the United Kingdom. He retired in 1995.

paragraphs: In 1997, "The Guardian" reported that Sangharakshita had made unwanted sexual advances to FWBO members in the 1970s and 1980s. Later, he publicly apologized and said any sexual relations he was involved in with his students had consent.

paragraphs: Sangharakshita died on October 30, 2018 from pneumonia caused by sepsis in Hereford, Herefordshire at the age of 93.


title: Potter County, South Dakota

paragraphs: Potter County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 2,329 people lived there. Its county seat is Gettysburg. It was created in 1875.


title: Roberts County, South Dakota

paragraphs: Roberts County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 10,149 people lived there. Its county seat is Sisseton. It was created in 1883.


title: Sanborn County, South Dakota

paragraphs: Sanborn County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 2,355 people lived there. Its county seat is Woonsocket. It was founded in 1883.


title: Vasili Arkhipov

paragraphs: Vasili Alexandrovich Arkhipov (, 30 January 1926 – 19 August 1998) was a Soviet Navy officer. He is known for casting the single vote that prevented a Soviet nuclear strike (and, presumably, all-out nuclear war) during the Cuban Missile Crisis. Such an attack likely would have caused a major global thermonuclear response.

paragraphs: Noam Chomsky said Arkhipov saved the world for his decision. He was a flotilla commander and second-in-command of the diesel powered submarine .

paragraphs: Arkhipov refused to authorize the captain's use of nuclear torpedoes against the United States Navy, a decision requiring the agreement of all three senior officers aboard. In 2002 Thomas Blanton, who was then director of the US National Security Archive, said that Arkhipov "saved the world".

paragraphs: Arkhipov died of kidney cancer on 19 August 1998 in Zheleznodorozhny, Moscow Oblast at the age of 72.


title: Charles Sobhraj

paragraphs: Charles Sobhraj (born 6 April 1944), also known as the Bikini Killer, is a French thief, fraudster and serial killer. He preyed on Western tourists throughout Southeast Asia during the 1970s. He was nicknamed The Splitting Killer and The Serpent.

paragraphs: Sobhraj allegedly committed at least a dozen murders. He was convicted and jailed in India from 1976 to 1997. After his release, he retired as a celebrity in Paris. He returned to Nepal and was arrested and tried there. Sobhraj received a sentence of life imprisonment.

paragraphs: Sobhraj is widely believed to be a psychopath. He enjoyed the attention, charging large amounts of money for interviews and movie rights. He has been the subject of four books and three documentaries. Sobhraj's return to Nepal, where he was still eagerly sought by authorities, is believed to be the result of him wanting attention.


title: Spink County, South Dakota

paragraphs: Spink County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 6,415 people lived there. Its county seat is Redfield. It was created in 1873.


title: Stanley County, South Dakota

paragraphs: Stanley County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 2,966 people lived there. Its county seat is Fort Pierre. It was created in 1873.


title: Sully County, South Dakota

paragraphs: Sully County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 1,373 people lived there. Its county seat is Onida. It was created in 1873.


title: Todd County, South Dakota

paragraphs: Todd County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 9,612 people lived there. Todd County does not have its own county seat. Instead, Winner in neighboring Tripp County serves as its administrative center. Its largest city is Mission. It was created in 1909.

paragraphs: The county was named after John Blair Smith Todd, who was a delegate from Dakota Territory to the United States House of Representatives and a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


title: Sturgis, South Dakota

paragraphs: Sturgis is a city in Meade County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 6,627 as of the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Meade County. It was founded in 1878.


title: Mellette, South Dakota

paragraphs: Mellette is a city in the U.S. state of South Dakota.


title: Washington County, Minnesota

paragraphs: Washington County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2010, 238,136 people lived there. The county seat is Stillwater.

paragraphs: It is the fifth-most populous county in the state.


title: Todd County

paragraphs: Todd County is the name of three counties in the United States:


title: Abby Dalton

paragraphs: Abby Dalton (aka Marlene Wadsen; born August 15, 1932) is an American actress. She played as Elizabeth Bingham on the television series "The Sugarfoot". She later played Martha Hale in the television series "Hennessy". Dalton was nominated for an Emmy Award for her role as Martha.

paragraphs: Dalton also acted in some movies. In 1966, for example, she played as Calamity Jane in "The Plainsman" with actor Don Murray.


title: David Azulai

paragraphs: David Azulai (5 May 1954 – 30 October 2018) was an Israeli politician. He as a member of the Knesset for Shas for over 20 years from 1996 until his resignation in May 2018. He was also Minister of Religious Services from 2015 until his death in 2018. He was born in Meknes, Morocco.

paragraphs: Azulai died on 30 October 2018 in Tel Aviv from cancer at the age of 64.


title: Bob Skoronski

paragraphs: Robert Francis "Bob" Skoronski (March 5, 1934 – October 30, 2018) was a former American football player. He was an tackle in the National Football League for the Green Bay Packers for eleven seasons in 1956 and again from 1959 to 1968. He was born in Ansonia, Connecticut.

paragraphs: Skoronski died on October 30, 2018 of Alzheimer's disease in a suburb near Madison, Wisconsin at the age of 84.


title: Roger Vaughan

paragraphs: Roger William Bede Vaughan (9 January 1834 – 18 August 1883) was an English Benedictine monk of Downside Abbey, He was the second Roman Catholic Archbishop of Sydney, Australia from 1877 to 1883.

paragraphs: He was born on 9 January 1834 at Courtfield, Ross, Herefordshire, England, second son of the fourteen children. Five of his brothers also became priests. Herbert, the eldest, became a cardinal and archbishop of Westminster, and John, the youngest, auxiliary bishop of Salford. Another brother, Reginald, married Julia Shanahan, sister-in-law of Sir Patrick Jennings. Four of his five sisters became nuns.

paragraphs: Because of his health he was educated at home in a religious atmosphere. In 1850 he was sent to St Gregory's College at Downside near Bath. His mother's death in 1853 made him think of a religious life and on 12 September he joined the Benedictines, becoming Brother Bede. In 1855 at his father's request and expense, he was sent to Rome for further study under the guidance of the Italian scholar and reformer, Angelo Zelli-Jacuzzi. He was ordained priest by Cardinal Patrizi in the basilica of St John Lateran on 9 April 1859.


title: Neighborhood of Make-Believe

paragraphs: The Neighborhood of Make-Believe is the fictional kingdom where hand puppet lived in. They were characters on the children's television series "Mister Rogers' Neighborhood" which aired on PBS, from 1968–2001. Principal puppeteer Fred Rogers created many of the puppet characters in the 1950s for Josie Carey's program, "The Children's Corner". It was filmed in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

paragraphs: Characters in the Neighborhood of Make-Believe were portrayed by both hand puppets operated by puppeteers and actors. They would occasionally talk to the viewers in specific episodes.

paragraphs: There is a TV show about the Neighborhood called Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood.


title: Vel (2007 movie)

paragraphs: Vel ("Staff Spear") is a 2007 Tamil language action family drama movie. It was written and directed by Hari and produced by Mohan Natarajan. It stars Suriya in dual roles as hero, Asin as heroine and Kalabhavan Mani as the villain. Lakshmi, Saranya Ponvannan, Vadivelu,and Nassar have supporting roles. The movie's score and soundtrack was composed by Yuvan Shankar Raja. The movie was released on 8 November 2007, coinciding with Diwali. The movie was dubbed and released in Telugu as "Deva" and in Hindi as "Main Faisla Karunga" in 2014.

paragraphs: This movie's budget was . It became a"Blockbuster Hit" in the Boxoffice by collecting around . This film's theatrical run was 50 days in 17 centers and 100 days in 13 centers making it a commercially successful venture.Sony Music Entertainment


title: Allen Dulles

paragraphs: Allen Welsh Dulles (April 7, 1893 – January 29, 1969) was an American diplomat and lawyer who became the first civilian Director of Central Intelligence (DCI). He was its longest-serving director so far.

paragraphs: Dulles was head of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) during the early Cold War. He oversaw the 1954 Guatemalan coup d'état, Operation Ajax, the Lockheed U-2 aircraft program and the Bay of Pigs Invasion. Following the assassination of John F. Kennedy, Dulles was one of the members of the Warren Commission.

paragraphs: Between his stints of government service, Dulles was a corporate lawyer. His older brother, John Foster Dulles, was the Secretary of State during the Eisenhower Administration.


title: Exosome complex

paragraphs: The exosome complex is a protein complex which can degrade RNA strands (~stop them working). In eukaryotic cells, the exosome complex is present in the cytoplasm, nucleus, and especially the nucleolus.

paragraphs: The core of the complex has a ring structure consisting of six proteins that all belong to the same class of RNases, the 'RNase PH-like proteins'.

paragraphs: Exosome complexes are found in both eukaryotic cells and archaea. In bacteria a simpler complex called the "degradosome" carries out similar functions.


title: Royal National Lifeboat Institution

paragraphs: The Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) is an agency which rescues people at sea in the United Kingdom, Ireland, the Channel Islands, the Isle of Man, as well as on some large rivers.

paragraphs: The RNLI is a charity. Two-thirds of its funding comes from money left in people's wills. Most of its crew members are volunteers. The RNLI has 237 lifeboat stations and 444 lifeboats. These are boats that travel from the shore to rescue people at sea, rather than lifeboats that are used for escaping from a ship. Their crews rescued on average 22 people a day in 2015. The RNLI also provides beach lifeguards and flood rescue teams.

paragraphs: The RNLI cannot be called for help directly. In the event that someone is in danger at sea, the coastguard of the country or territory should be called on 999 or 112. The coastguard organize the search for those in danger. They will then call the RNLI if their help is needed. Not all lifeboats in the UK and Ireland are run by the RNLI; there are some independent lifeboat agencies.


title: Puppeteer

paragraphs: A puppeteer is a person who makes an inanimate object that might be shaped like a human, animal, legendary creature, or another object to create the illusion that the puppet is "alive". The puppeteer may be visible to or hidden from the audience. A puppeteer can operate a puppet by the use of strings, rods, wires, electronics or directly by his or her own hands placed inside the puppet or holding it externally or any other part of the body- such as the legs.


title: American Public Television

paragraphs: American Public Television (APT) is the largest syndicator of programming for public television stations in the United States. APT continues to show a many public television programs nationally, as well as administering the Create and World channels on public TV. APT began in 1961.

paragraphs: At first, it was called Eastern Educational Television Network (EEN). EEN was a regional cooperative that began to show programs between a couple of its member stations. EEN was one of the first distributors of shows such as "The French Chef" (with Julia Child) in 1963, "Mister Rogers' Neighborhood", and "Washington Week in Review" on a national basis.


title: Television Hall of Fame

paragraphs: The Television Academy Hall of Fame was founded by a former president of the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences (ATAS), John H. Mitchell (1921–1988), to honor individuals who have made big contributions to U.S. television.

paragraphs: The first ceremony in 1984 celebrated the careers of Lucille Ball, Milton Berle, Paddy Chayefsky, Norman Lear, Edward R. Murrow, William S. Paley and David Sarnoff.


title: Rollins College

paragraphs: Rollins College is a private, coeducational liberal arts college. It was founded in 1885 and located in Winter Park, Florida along the shores of Lake Virginia.

paragraphs: Rollins is a member of the SACS, NASM, ACS, FDE, AAM, AACSB International, Council for Accreditation of Counseling, and Related Educational Programs.

paragraphs: Rollins has about 30 undergraduate majors and several graduate programs. It was ranked #2 Regional Universities, South by U.S. News & World Report in 2017. Rollins College has ranked among the most beautiful U.S. college campuses by the Princeton Review ranking #1 in 2015 and #10 most recently in 2017.


title: Pittsburgh Theological Seminary

paragraphs: Pittsburgh Theological Seminary, founded in 1794, is a graduate seminary in the Reformed tradition teaching theology and preparing students for service in the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) and other Christian churches.

paragraphs: Teaching is based in scripture. The Seminary is located in the East Liberty neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States and houses one of the largest theological libraries in the Pittsburgh.

paragraphs: World Mission Initiative (WMI) at Pittsburgh Theological Seminary is a fellowship of Presbyterians dedicated to developing mission vision, nurturing missionary vocation, and cultivating missional congregations.


title: Master of Divinity

paragraphs: In the academic study of theology, the Master of Divinity (MDiv, "magister divinitatis" in Latin) is the first professional degree of the pastoral profession in North America.

paragraphs: It is the most common academic degree in seminaries and divinity schools. In many Christian denominations and in some other religions the degree is the standard education for ordination to the priesthood or pastorship or other appointment, ordination or licensing to professional ministry.


title: National Honor Society

paragraphs: The National Honor Society (NHS) is a nationwide organization for high school students in the United States which is made up of many chapters in high schools.

paragraphs: Selection is based on four criteria: scholarship (academic achievement), leadership, service, and character. The National Honor Society requires some sort of service to the community, school, or other organizations. The time spent working on these projects contributes towards the monthly service hour requirement.

paragraphs: The National Honor Society was founded in 1921 by the National Association of Secondary School Principals. The Alpha chapter of NHS was founded at Fifth Avenue High School by Principal Edward S. Rynearson in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.


title: Minister (Christianity)

paragraphs: In Christianity, a minister is a person authorized by a church, or other religious organization, to perform functions such as teaching of beliefs; leading services such as weddings, baptisms or funerals; or otherwise providing spiritual guidance to the community.

paragraphs: The term is taken from Latin "minister" ("servant", "attendant").


paragraphs: The United Presbyterian Church in the United States of America (UPCUSA) was the largest branch of Presbyterianism in the United States from May 28, 1958, to 1983.

paragraphs: It was formed by the union of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America (PCUSA) with the United Presbyterian Church of North America (UPCNA) in Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, in May 1958.

paragraphs: In 1983, the vote was finally held regarding the merger, with a unanimous 151 presbyteries in the UPCUSA affirming it, and the PCUS affirming it 53 to 8. On June 10, 1983, the first General Assembly was held for the new denomination, which would be called the Presbyterian Church (USA).


title: Your Hit Parade

paragraphs: Your Hit Parade is an American radio and television music program that was broadcast from 1935 to 1953 on radio, and seen from 1950 to 1959 on television. It was sponsored by American Tobacco's Lucky Strike cigarettes. During this 24-year run, the show had 19 orchestra leaders and 52 singers or groups. Many listeners and viewers casually called the show with the incorrect title The Hit Parade. The program's title was not officially changed to "Your Hit Parade" until November 9, 1935.


title: The Voice of Firestone

paragraphs: The Voice of Firestone is a long-running radio and television program of classical music. The show featured leading singers in selections from opera and operetta. It was originally titled The Firestone Hour, it was first broadcast on the NBC Radio network on December 3, 1928 and was later also shown on television starting in 1949. The program was last broadcast in 1963.


title: Gabby Hayes

paragraphs: George Francis "Gabby" Hayes (May 7, 1885 – February 9, 1969), was an American actor. He was best known for his many appearances in B-Western movie series as the comic sidekick of the cowboy star.


title: Stannards, New York

paragraphs: Stannards is a hamlet and census-designated place in Allegany County, New York, United States. The population was 798 at the 2010 census. The hamlet is named after early resident John Stannard.


title: Sylvania Award

paragraphs: The Sylvania Awards were given by the television company Sylvania Electric Products for many categories of television performance, broadcasting, scripts, music and other aspects of production between 1951 and 1959. In their day they competed with the Emmy Award for prestige. They came to an end after the sponsor was merged into GTE.


title: National Educational Television

paragraphs: National Educational Television (NET) was a United States educational broadcast television network that was owned by the Ford Foundation and later co-owned by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting.

paragraphs: Operating from May 16, 1954 to October 4, 1970, its direct replacement, the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS), continues in operation and has memberships with many television stations that were formerly part of NET.


title: Johnny Costa

paragraphs: Johnny Costa (born John Costanza; January 18, 1922 – October 11, 1996) was an American jazz pianist. Given the title "The White Art Tatum" by jazz legend Art Tatum, Costa is best known for his work as musical director of the children's television program "Mister Rogers' Neighborhood".

paragraphs: Costa died of aplastic anemia in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on October 11, 1996, at the age of 74.


title: Arnold, Pennsylvania

paragraphs: Arnold is a city in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, United States, within the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. The population was 5,157 at the 2010 Census.


title: Cardigan (sweater)

paragraphs: A cardigan is a type of knitted sweater that has an open front.

paragraphs: Commonly cardigans have buttons: a garment that is tied is instead considered a robe. A more modern version of the garment has no buttons and hangs open by design. The name "Cardigan" is an anglicised variation of the Welsh placename Ceredigion.

paragraphs: The term originally referred only to a knitted sleeveless vest, but expanded to other types of garment over time.

paragraphs: Plain cardigans are often worn over shirts and inside suit jackets as a less formal version of the waistcoat or vest that restrains the necktie when the jacket has been removed.


title: Jeff Erlanger

paragraphs: Jeffrey Clay Erlanger (November 30, 1970 – June 10, 2007) was an American activist for disability rights. He is well known for his appearance on "Mister Rogers' Neighborhood" when he was 10 years old, talking about his electric wheelchair and why he used it.

paragraphs: Erlanger's philosophy was summarized in a 2002 Wisconsin Public Television ad: "It doesn't matter what I can't do — what matters is what I can do."

paragraphs: Erlanger choked on some food, and was in a coma for several weeks before dying on Sunday, June 10, 2007 in Madison, aged 36.


title: United States Senate Commerce Subcommittee on Communications, Technology, Innovation, and the Internet

paragraphs: The Senate Commerce Subcommittee on Communications Technology, Innovation, and the Internet is one of the seven subcommittees within the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation. It was renamed from the Subcommittee on Science, Technology, and Innovation at the start of the 111th Congress, with its science function transferred to the Subcommittee on Science and Space.

paragraphs: Their jobs relates to communications. The Subcommittee also is responsible for oversight of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB), and the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) at the Department of Commerce.


title: Corporation for Public Broadcasting

paragraphs: The Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) is an American privately owned non-profit corporation created in 1967 by an act of the United States Congress and funded by the federal government.

paragraphs: It was created to promote and help support public broadcasting.


paragraphs: Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc., 464 U.S. 417 (1984), also known as the “Betamax case”, is a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States which ruled that the making of individual copies of complete television shows for purposes of time shifting does not constitute copyright infringement, but is fair use.

paragraphs: The Court also ruled that the manufacturers of home video recording devices, such as Betamax or other VCRs cannot be found guilty for infringement. The case was a boon to the home video market, as it created a legal safe haven for the technology.


title: Betamax

paragraphs: Betamax (also called Beta) was a consumer-level videotape format created by Sony. It was first released on May 10, 1975 in Japan and November of 1975 in the United States. Because it lost the videotape format war to VHS, Betamax is now obsolete. Despite this, production of new Betamax recorders went until 2002; and Betamax cassettes were available up until March 2016.


title: Tripp County, South Dakota

paragraphs: Tripp County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 5,644 people lived there. Its county seat is Winner. It was created in 1873.


title: Turner County, South Dakota

paragraphs: Turner County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 8,347 people lived there. Its county seat is Parker. It was created in 1871.


title: Walworth County, South Dakota

paragraphs: Walworth County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 5,438 people lived there. Its county seat is Selby. It was created in 1873.


title: Grand marshal

paragraphs: Grand marshal is a ceremonial, military, or political office of very high rank. The term has its origins with the word "marshal" with the first usage of the term "grand marshal" as a ceremonial title for certain religious orders.


title: Yankton County, South Dakota

paragraphs: Yankton County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 22,438 people lived there. Its county seat is Yankton. It was created in 1862.


title: Rose Parade

paragraphs: The Rose Parade, also known as the Tournament of Roses Parade, is part of "America's New Year Celebration" held in Pasadena, California each year on New Year's Day (or on Monday, January 2 if New Year's Day falls on a Sunday). The parade includes flower-covered floats, marching bands, and equestrian units and is followed by the Rose Bowl college football game. It is produced by the nonprofit Pasadena Tournament of Roses Association.


title: Heinz Hall for the Performing Arts

paragraphs: Heinz Hall for the Performing Arts is a performing arts center and concert hall located at 600 Penn Avenue in the Cultural District of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It is home to the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra (PSO) and the Pittsburgh Youth Symphony Orchestra, the 2,676 seat hall presents about 200 performances each year.

paragraphs: Originally built in 1927 as Loew's Penn Theatre, the former movie palace was renovated and reopened as Heinz Hall in 1971.


title: David Hartman (TV personality)

paragraphs: David Downs Hartman (born May 19, 1935) is an American journalist and media host.

paragraphs: He began his media career as an actor. He currently anchors and hosts documentary programs on cable TV's History and on PBS.

paragraphs: Hartman is best known as the first host of ABC's "Good Morning America", from 1975 to 1987. As an actor, he starred in the 1970s as a young resident, Dr. Paul Hunter, on "" and as a teacher in the series "Lucas Tanner". He acted in the 1973 TV movie re-make of "Miracle On 34th Street".


title: Pawtucket, Rhode Island

paragraphs: Pawtucket is a city in Providence County, Rhode Island, United States. The population was 71,148 at the 2010 census. It is the fourth largest city in the state.

paragraphs: The name "Pawtucket" comes from the Algonquian word for "river fall."


title: Pat Mitchell

paragraphs: Pat Mitchell (born January 20, 1943) is an American businesswoman. She was the first woman president and CEO of PBS.

paragraphs: Mitchell partners with the TED organization to co-curate and host an annual global TEDWomen conference.


title: Swainsboro, Georgia

paragraphs: Swainsboro is a city in Emanuel County, Georgia, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 7,277. The city is the county seat of Emanuel County.


title: 26858 Misterrogers

paragraphs: 26858 Misterrogers, provisional designation "1993 FR", is a Mars crossing asteroid. It is named after children's television host Fred Rogers.

paragraphs: Rogers, who had a lifelong passion with the sky and astronomy, got a pilot's license while still in high school. He also produced with the Carnegie Science Center in Pittsburgh a planetarium show called "The Sky above Mister Rogers' Neighborhood". This is still shown at many planetariums in the United States.


title: Google Doodle

paragraphs: A Google Doodle is a special, temporary logo on Google's homepages that celebrates holidays, events, achievements, and notable historical figures. The first Google Doodle honored the Burning Man festival in 1998, and was designed by Larry Page and Sergey Brin.

paragraphs: Future Google Doodles were designed by an outside contractor until 2000, when Page and Brin asked public relations officer Dennis Hwang to design a logo for Bastille Day. Since then, a team of employees called Doodlers have organized and published the Doodles.

paragraphs: By 2014, Google had published over 2,000 regional and international Doodles throughout its homepages, often featuring guest artists, musicians, and personalities.


title: 2018 World Series

paragraphs: The 2018 World Series was the 114th edition of the World Series and featured the American League champion Red Sox and the National League champion Los Angeles Dodgers. The Series was televised in the United States on Fox.

paragraphs: This was the second World Series match-up between the two teams, after the Red Sox defeated the Brooklyn Robins (later known as the Dodgers) in five games in 1916.

paragraphs: The Red Sox beat the Dodgers in five games to win their fourth World Series title in 15 years dating back to 2004, and their ninth in franchise history. Steve Pearce won the World Series Most Valuable Player Award, while Alex Cora became the fifth first-season manager, and first manager from Puerto Rico, to win the World Series.

paragraphs: The Series was notable for its third game which lasted 18 innings, a new World Series record.


title: Pixel 3

paragraphs: Pixel 3 and Pixel 3 XL are Android smartphones from the Google Pixel product line. The phones were officially announced on October 9, 2018 and then released initially in the United States on October 18, 2018 and other parts of the world on November 1, 2018.

paragraphs: They are the successors to the Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL. Recently Google announce Pixel 3a and Pixel 3a XL updated version of Pixel 3 and Pixel 3 XL phones.

paragraphs: At release the Pixel 3 and Pixel 3 XL had starting prices of $799/$899 in the US, and £739/£869 in the UK.


title: Quantum chromodynamics

paragraphs: Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is the theory of the strong interaction between quarks and gluons. These are the fundamental particles that make up hadrons such as the proton, neutron and pion.


title: Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge

paragraphs: The Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge, also called the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge, is a group of bridges and tunnels in the Pearl River Delta. It is long. It is made up of three bridges, one tunnel, and four artificial islands. It is the longest sea crossing on Earth. The bridges cross the Lingdingyang and Jiuzhouyang sea channels. They also connect Hong Kong, Zhuhai, and Macau.

paragraphs: The bridge is supposed to last for 120 years. The cost of the bridge was about 126.9 billion yuan ($18.77 billion USD). At first, the cost of the bridge was supposed to be 51.1 billion yuan ($7.56 billion USD). The governments of mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macau, as well as some banks, helped pay for the bridge. The bridge was supposed to open in late 2016, but the bridge only finished being built on 6 February 2018. The bridge officially opened on 24 October 2018.

paragraphs: Gordon Wu, who was the founder of Hopewell Holdings thought of a bridge and tunnel that would connect China, Hong Kong, and Macau. This was in 1983. He said that he got the idea from the Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel. After that, in 1988, he showed the ideas to the government in Guangzhou and Beijing. In his idea, the bridge would start more north than the design that was actually built. He wanted the bridge to begin at Black Point near Tuen Mun, Hong Kong. It would then cross the Pearl River passing through Neilingding Island and Qi'ao Island. In his idea, the bridge would end at Tangjia and there would be a road from Zhuhai to Macau. The talks between the government and Wu stopped after the Tiananmen Square massacre in 1989. This is because it made foreign investors concerned.

paragraphs: The government of Zhuhai liked this idea and they promoted it. Their name for the bridge was the Lingdingyang Bridge. In the 1990s, Zhuhai built a bridge that connected mainland China and Qi'ao Island. This bridge was supposed to be the first part of the system even though the Chinese and Hong Kong governments did not approve the plan yet. The Chinese government supported the bridge in 1997. The Hong Kong government did not say whether they supported it or not. This is because they were studying traffic between Hong Kong and China and were concerned about the effect this would have on the environment.

paragraphs: To begin the project and making sure things were going to go smoothly, the Advance Work Coordination Group of HZMB was created in 2003. People that worked for the governments of Zhuhai, Macau, and Hong Kong worked on planning the bridge, how the border patrol would work, and how the bridge would be paid for.

paragraphs: In 2009, the governments of China, Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macau agreed to pay for 22% of the bridge. The rest of the money, 78%, was paid for by a lot of banks, like the Bank of China.

paragraphs: The construction of the bridge began on 15 December 2009 in China. Li Keqiang held a starting ceremony. Construction began in Hong Kong in 2011. The construction started later because people challenged the building of the bridge.

paragraphs: The last bridge tower and part of the tunnel was set up on 12 July 2016. The entire tunnel and bridge was finished in the middle of 2017. The entire project was finished in February 2018.

paragraphs: The entire bridge has three sections. One of them was the Main Bridge, which is and in the middle of the Pearl River. Another was the Hong Kong Link Road, which was and close to Hong Kong. The third section was the Zhuhai Link Road, which was and close to Zhuhai.

paragraphs: The Main Bridge is the biggest part of the HZMB project. It was built by the managing people from mainland China.

paragraphs: Many environmentalists said that the bridge will hurt the Chinese white dolphins that live in the Pearl River Delta. They said the construction of the bridge will hurt the dolphins' habitat. These dolphins are endangered animals. In the ten years before the bridge opened, the number of these dolphins dropped over 80%.


title: Gang rape

paragraphs: Gang rape happens when a group of people (usually two or more) are involved in the rape of a single victim. It is reported all across the world.

paragraphs: Gang rapes usually involve three or more men as the ones who commit the crime. But women can also commit gang rape.

paragraphs: Gang rapists tend to be younger and commit their crimes repeatedly.

paragraphs: Gang rapes are more violent. The sexual and nonsexual injuries to the victim are far more severe than in rape by one person.

paragraphs: The United States reports a rape every 6.2 minutes. It has been estimated that 25% of all rapes in the United States are gang rapes.

paragraphs: A number of gang rapes happened in the United Kingdom. But authorities in the UK had not gathered data on gang rapes until 2011. An increased number of gang rapes were reported in the United Kingdom starting in 1996.


title: Rod Blum

paragraphs: Rodney Leland "Rod" Blum (born April 26, 1955) is an American businessman and politician. He worked as United States Representative for the 1st congressional district of Iowa. Blum is a Republican.

paragraphs: Blum won the Republican primary in 2014. He defeated Patrick Murphy in the November 4, 2014 general election with 51% of votes.

paragraphs: Blum ran for reelection in 2016. He faced the Democrat Monica Vernon in the general election. He defeated Vernon with 54% of the vote.

paragraphs: Blum calls himself a Tea Party Republican. He said "The Tea Party is what the Republican Party should have always been".

paragraphs: Blum favors getting rid of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Obamacare). In 2017, he didn't support the original version of the American Health Care Act of 2017, or Trumpcare. Trumpcare was the Republicans' bill to get rid of and replace Obamacare. Blum said the original Trumpcare didn't do enough to lower premiums for hard-working Americans.

paragraphs: As of November 1, 2018, Blum was under investigation by the United States House Ethics Committee Committee. That's because he might have violated certain ethics rules. He might have done so by not disclosing his ownership of a digital marketing company, Tin Moon.


title: Bill Fischer (baseball)

paragraphs: William Charles Fischer (October 11, 1930 – October 30, 2018) was an American professional baseball pitcher. He was born in Wausau, Wisconsin.

paragraphs: He played in Major League Baseball from 1956 to 1964 for the Chicago White Sox, Detroit Tigers, Washington Senators, Kansas City Athletics and Minnesota Twins. He later was a longtime pitching coach for three MLB clubs.

paragraphs: Fischer died on October 30, 2018 in Council Bluffs, Iowa at the age of 88.


title: María Irene Fornés

paragraphs: María Irene Fornés (May 14, 1930 – October 30, 2018) was a Cuban-American playwright and director. She was a leading figure of the off-off-Broadway movement in the 1960s.

paragraphs: In 1965, she won her first Obie Award for "Promenade" and "The Successful Life of 3". She was also a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize with her play "And What of the Night?" in 1990. Other notable works include "Fefu and Her Friends", "Mud", "Sarita", and "Letters from Cuba".

paragraphs: Fornés became known in both Hispanic-American and experimental theatre in New York, winning a total of nine Obie Awards.

paragraphs: Fornés died in New York City on October 30, 2018 from complications of dementia at the age of 88.


title: Beverly McClellan

paragraphs: Beverly McClellan (July 6, 1969 – October 30, 2018) was an American singer and musician. She was a contestant in the first season of the American TV series "The Voice", reaching the final four. She was born in Kingsport, Tennessee, but raised in Fort Lauderdale, Florida.

paragraphs: McClellan was openly lesbian. n June 2011, she appeared on the cover of "SHE" magazine, a South Florida lesbian magazine. She also recorded lead vocals for the song "John the Revelator" on Steve Vai's 2012 album "The Story of Light".

paragraphs: McClellan died on October 30, 2018, at the age of 49 from cancer in California.


title: Teodoro Petkoff

paragraphs: Teodoro Petkoff Malec (; 3 January 1932 – 30 October 2018) was a Venezuelan politician, former guerrilla, journalist and economist.

paragraphs: He was an important left politician in Venezuela. Petkoff began as a communist but went to liberalism in the 1990s.

paragraphs: As Minister of Planning he oversaw President Rafael Caldera's adoption of neoliberal economic policies in the mid-1990s. He was a strong critic of President Hugo Chávez, and was a candidate to run against him in the December 2006 presidential elections, but dropped out of the race in August.

paragraphs: He launched the newspaper "Tal Cual" in 2000 and remained its editor until his death.

paragraphs: Petkoff died on 30 October 2018 in Caracas at the age of 86.


title: Deaths in November 2018

paragraphs: The following is a list of deaths that should be noted in November 2018. For deaths that should be noted before the month that the world is in, please see "Months". Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are noted here also if it is worth noting.

paragraphs: Each listing of a death must have a source. If no reference is included, the death notice will be removed. The following are the requirements of adding a name to the list in its order: name, age, where they came from, what the person is known for, cause of death (if known) and a source.


title: Willie McCovey

paragraphs: Willie Lee McCovey (January 10, 1938 – October 31, 2018), nicknamed "Mac", "Big Mac", and "Stretch", was an American professional baseball first baseman. He played for the San Francisco Giants of Major League Baseball for 19 seasons, and three more in MLB for the San Diego Padres and Oakland Athletics, between 1959 and 1980.

paragraphs: He batted and threw left-handed. He was added into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1986. He was born in Mobile, Alabama.

paragraphs: McCovey died on October 31, 2018 at a hospital in Stanford, California from complications of an infection at the age of 80.


title: Rita Hart

paragraphs: Rita Hart (born 1956) is an American politician from Iowa. She became the Iowa State Senator from the 49th District in 2013. Hart is a member of the United States' Democratic Party.

paragraphs: Hart is a lifelong farmer and 20-year educator.

paragraphs: In June 2018, Fred Hubbell said Hart would join the Democratic ticket as the candidate for lieutenant governor in the 2018 governor election.


title: Ken Shellito

paragraphs: Kenneth John Shellito (18 April 1940 – 31 October 2018) was an English footballer and manager. He worked in a coaching role for the Asian Football Confederation in Kuala Lumpur. He was known as a player for Chelsea and the national team.

paragraphs: Shellito died at his home from kidney failure and a lung infection on 31 October 2018 in Inanam, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, aged 78.


title: Carlo Giuffrè

paragraphs: Carlo Giuffrè (3 December 1928 – 1 November 2018) was an Italian actor and a stage director. He appeared in more than 90 movies between 1942 and 2002. He was born in Naples. He was known for his roles in "The Railroad Man", "The Girl with the Pistol", and "Poker in Bed".

paragraphs: In 1984 Giuffrè won a David di Donatello for Best Supporting Actor for the comedy movie "Son contento", directed by Maurizio Ponzi.

paragraphs: Giuffrè died on 1 November 2018 from cancer in Rome at the age of 89.


title: Joe Wilson

paragraphs: Addison Graves "Joe" Wilson Sr. (born July 31, 1947) is an American politician. He is the U.S. Representative for since 2001.

paragraphs: From 1985 to 2001, he was in the South Carolina Senate. He is a member of the Republican Party.

paragraphs: He is a member of the House Republican Policy Committee and is an Assistant Republican Whip.

paragraphs: Wilson is known for interrupting a speech by U.S. President Barack Obama to the joint session of Congress by shouting "You lie!".


title: Mario Segale

paragraphs: Mario A. Segale (April 30, 1934 – October 27, 2018) was an American businessman and real estate developer. He was born in Seattle, Washington. He was involved in mant development projects in the Seattle area beginning in the 1950s. Nintendo's Mario character is named after him because he owned the land where Nintendo's earliest headquarters was in.

paragraphs: Segale died on 27 October 2018 at his home in Tukwila, Washington, aged 84.


title: Tukwila, Washington

paragraphs: Tukwila ( ) is a suburban city in King County, Washington, United States. It borders Seattle at its northern edge. The population was 19,107 at the 2010 census.


title: Kenneth Langone

paragraphs: Kenneth Gerard Langone Sr., KSG (Knight of the Pontifical Order of St. Gregory the Great) (born September 16, 1935) is an American billionaire businessman, investor, and philanthropist. He is best known being co-founder of The Home Depot. He has a net worth of $4.4 billion as of June 2020 according to "Forbes".

paragraphs: Langone has donated $100 million to towards the tuition of all the medical students of New York University.


title: Roslyn Heights, New York

paragraphs: Roslyn Heights (aka The Heights) is both a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Nassau County, New York, United States. The population was 6,577 at the 2010 census.


title: Sands Point, New York

paragraphs: Sands Point is a village located on the North Shore of Long Island in Nassau County, New York, United States. The population was 2,675 at the 2010 census.


title: Romanus IV

paragraphs: Romanos IV Diogenes also known as Romanus IV, was crowned Byzantine emperor and reigned from 1068 to 1071. He was a member of the Byzantine military aristocracy and became Emperor when he married the widowed empress Eudokia Makrembolitissa. He tried to stop the decline of his armies and to stop Turkish army from attacking the Byzantine Empire. In 1071 he was captured and his army defeated at the Battle of Manzikert. While a still a prisoner, he was replaced as emperor. After his release he was quickly defeated and detained by members of the Doukas family. In 1072, he was blinded and sent to a monastery, where he died of his wounds.


title: Arkansas County, Arkansas

paragraphs: Arkansas County is a county of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 19,019. The county has two county seats, De Witt and Stuttgart. Arkansas County was founded on December 13, 1813.


title: Ashley County, Arkansas

paragraphs: Ashley County is a county of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 21,853. The county seat is Hamburg. It was formed in 1848.


title: Monroe County, Arkansas

paragraphs: Monroe County is a county in the U.S. state of Arkansas. It is in the Arkansas Delta.


Baxter County, Arkansas


title: Benton County, Arkansas

paragraphs: Benton County is a county of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 221,339, making it the second-most populous county in Arkansas. The county seat is Bentonville. It was founded on September 30, 1836.


title: Zurich Insurance Group

paragraphs: Zurich Insurance Group Ltd., commonly known as Zurich, is a Swiss insurance company headquartered in Zürich, Switzerland. It be one of the largest insurance companies in the world.


title: Boone County, Arkansas

paragraphs: Boone County is a county of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 36,903. The county seat is Harrison. It is Arkansas's 62nd county, founded on April 9, 1869.


title: Lörrach

paragraphs: Lörrach is a city in southwest Germany, in the valley of the Wiese, close to the French and the Swiss borders. It is the capital of the district of Lörrach in Baden-Württemberg. The city had a population of 10,794 in 1905 and of 47,707 in 2007.

paragraphs: It is the hometown of Ottmar Hitzfeld, one of the most successful and popular football managers in Germany.


title: Kelly Bennett (journalist)

paragraphs: Kelly Bennett is an American Broadcast Journalist based in Orange County, California. She was a Public Affairs Specialist at Time Warner Cable from (2006-11). In 1999, she won a Golden Mic, and an Associated Press Award in 1997.

paragraphs: Kelly started her career at KSBR 88.5 FM in 1996. Kelly served Orange County NewsChannel as a "Senior Assignment Editor" for two years. Later in 2001, she joined Adelphia Communications as the Community Relations Manager and the host of Prime Story. In 2006, she was appointed as a Public Affairs Specialist at Time Warner Cable. Notably, she was a co-host for KSBR 88.5FM Radio's "Breakfast with Gary and Kelly", from 2006 to 2019 where she has interviewed several celebrities and musicians including Linda Evans, Debbie Reynolds, Bobby Caldwell, Al Jarreau. In 2010, she was named "Society Editor" for Orange County Newspapers.

paragraphs: In 2009, she founded "Bennett Unlimited PR", a Public Relations firm based in Laguna Niguel, California.

paragraphs: In 2008, she formed a non profit called Parents for Aliso Niguel - PFAN. The PFAN, organized a "Taste of Aliso Niguel", which was the largest fundraiser for Aliso Niguel High School.


title: Christine Stix-Hackl

paragraphs: Christine Stix-Hackl (13 November 1957 – 24 October 2018) was an Austrian jurist. She was Advocate General at the European Court of Justice from 2000 to 2006. Stix-Hackl was the second woman in the history of the European Court of Justice to take the position as Premier Avocat général in 2005.

paragraphs: Stix-Hackl was the Austrian Ambassador in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg between 2007 and 2012. Stix-Hackl was Permanent Representative of Austria to the United Nations (Vienna), IAEA, UNIDO and CTBTO from June 2012 until her death in 2018.

paragraphs: Stix-Hackl died on 24 October 2018 in Vienna from a heart attack at the age of 60, shortly after returning from Luxembourg .


title: Erika Mahringer

paragraphs: Erika "Riki" Mahringer (16 November 1924 – 30 October 2018) was an Austrian former alpine skier. She was born in Linz, Austria. She competed in the 1948 and 1952 Winter Olympics. In 1948 she won the bronze medal in the slalom event as well as in the Alpine combined competition. In the downhill contest she finished 19th.

paragraphs: Four years later she finished fourth in the 1952 Olympic downhill event.

paragraphs: Mahringer died on 30 October 2018 in Innsbruck, Austria from heart failure at the age of 93.


title: I Remember You (Adventure Time)

paragraphs: "I Remember You" is the twenty-fifth episode of the fourth season of the American animated television series "Adventure Time". The episode was written and storyboarded by Cole Sanchez and Rebecca Sugar, from a story by Patrick McHale, Kent Osborne, and Pendleton Ward.

paragraphs: It originally aired on Cartoon Network on October 15, 2012. The episode later re-aired on March 25, 2013, together with the fifth season episode "Simon & Marcy".

paragraphs: In this episode, Marceline the Vampire Queen (voiced by Olivia Olson) works with the Ice King (voiced by Tom Kenny) to write a song, and Marceline tries to get the Ice King to remember who he really is. This episode reveals that Marceline and the Ice King knew each other from the aftermath of the Mushroom War, an apocalyptic-like event that occurred a thousand years before the beginning of the series.

paragraphs: "I Remember You" helped explore the Ice King's previous life. The episode features four songs—"The Fry Song," "Oh Bubblegum," "Nuts," and "Remember You"—all of which were written by Sugar. "I Remember You" was watched by 2.535 million people and received universal acclaim, with many critics loving the story's depth and mentioning of mental disorders, memory, and loss.


title: Simon & Marcy

paragraphs: "Simon & Marcy" is the fourteenth episode of the fifth season of the American animated television series "Adventure Time". The episode was written and storyboarded by Cole Sanchez and Rebecca Sugar, from a story by Patrick McHale, Kent Osborne, and Pendleton Ward.

paragraphs: It originally aired on Cartoon Network on March 25, 2013. It followed the re-run of "I Remember You".

paragraphs: In this episode, Marceline the Vampire Queen (voiced by Olivia Olson) reveals to Finn and Jake that 996 years before the events of the series, she and the Ice King (voiced by Tom Kenny)—then a human named Simon Petrikov—wandered the post-apocalyptic land after the destructive Mushroom War.

paragraphs: "Simon & Marcy" was the last episode to feature Sugar as a storyboard artist. The episode received critical acclaim. Many loved its balance of humor and emotions, as well as its exploration of the Ice King's and Marceline's character.

paragraphs: The episode was viewed by 2.6 million viewers and received a 0.6 rating among adults between the ages of 18 and 49. The episode was later nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Short-format Animation at the 65th Primetime Emmy Awards.


title: Holly Jolly Secrets

paragraphs: "Holly Jolly Secrets" is the collective name for the nineteenth and twentieth episodes of the third season of the American animated television series "Adventure Time". The episodes were written and storyboarded by Kent Osborne and Somvilay Xayaphone, from a story by Mark Banker, Kent Osborne, Patrick McHale, and series creator Pendleton Ward. It originally aired on Cartoon Network on December 5, 2011.

paragraphs: In this episode, Finn the Human and Jake the Dog find the Ice King’s (voiced by Tom Kenny) video diary and look to uncover his secrets. The Ice King tries to get the video diaries back, but Finn and Jake discover, via the tapes, that the Ice King was formerly a human archaeologist named Simon Petrikov who was cursed with his powers after he put his crown on his head.

paragraphs: "Holly Jolly Secrets" was based on an earlier, Christmas special that would have had Finn and Jake watching actual Christmas movies. The episode was watched by 2.513 million people and received largely positive critical reviews.


title: Come Along with Me (Adventure Time)

paragraphs: "Come Along with Me" is an American animated television special based on the animated television series "Adventure Time". The special, made up of four episodes, is the series finale of "Adventure Time", as well as its tenth season finale. The special first aired on September 3, 2018 on Cartoon Network.

paragraphs: In the special, the Finn the Human and Jake the Dog must help their friend Princess Bubblegum battle Gumbald, her vengeful creation. When the villains realize that violent war is unnecessary, they team up to keep the evil entity GOLB from destroying the land of Ooo.

paragraphs: The episode received positive reviews by praising show creator Pendleton Ward for wrapping everything and answering questions the series left unanswered. The episode became notable because it showed Princess Bubblegum and Marceline the Vampire Queen kiss thus confirming their speculated relationship.


title: Rebecca Sugar

paragraphs: Rebecca Ray Sugar (born July 9, 1987) is an American animator, director, screenwriter, producer, and singer-songwriter. She is known for creating the Cartoon Network series "Steven Universe", which has made her the first woman to independently create a series for the network. Sugar was formerly a writer and storyboard artist on the animated television series "Adventure Time" until 2013.

paragraphs: Her work on the two series has earned her five Primetime Emmy Award nominations.

paragraphs: Sugar identifies herself as "gender non-binary".


title: Genderqueer

paragraphs: Genderqueer is a catch-all category for gender identities that are not only relating to masculine or feminine identities which are outside the gender binary and cisnormativity. Genderqueer people may express a combination of masculinity and femininity, or neither, in their gender expression.

paragraphs: Gender identity is separate from sexual or romantic orientation, and genderqueer people have a variety of sexual orientations, just as transgender and cisgender people do.


title: Non-binary gender

paragraphs: A non-binary gender is any gender that is not male or female.


title: Cisgender

paragraphs: Cisgender (often known as cis) is a term for people whose gender identity matches the sex that they were assigned at birth. "Cisgender" may also be defined as those who have "a gender identity or perform a gender role society considers appropriate for one's sex". It is the opposite of the term "transgender".


title: Yurik Vardanyan

paragraphs: Yuri Norayrovich Vardanyan (; , also transliterated Yurik Vardanian, 13 June 1956 – 1 November 2018) was a Soviet-Armenian weightlifter.

paragraphs: Vardanyan won a gold medal at the 1980 Summer Olympics, becoming the world's first weightlifter to win a 400 kilogram total in the 82.5 kg weight category. During his career he set several world records. He was born in Leninakan, Soviet Union (now Gyumri, Armenia).

paragraphs: In 1994 he was elected member of the International Weightlifting Federation Hall of Fame.

paragraphs: On 2 April 2009 he was appointed as President Serzh Sargsyan's adviser.

paragraphs: Vardanyan in Yerevan, Armenia on 1 November 2018 from a pulmonary embolism at the age of 89.


title: Raymond Chow

paragraphs: Raymond Chow Man-Wai, OBE, GBS (; 8 October 1927 – 2 November 2018) was a Hong Kong movie producer, and presenter. He was known for promoting martial arts and the Hong Kong cinema onto the international stage.

paragraphs: Chow was the founder of Golden Harvest, he produced some of the biggest stars of the martial arts movie genre, including Bruce Lee, Jackie Chan, and Tsui Hark.

paragraphs: Chow died on 2 November 2018 at the age of 91.


title: Theodor Hoffmann

paragraphs: Theodor Hoffmann (February 27, 1935 – November 1, 2018) was an East German Admiral. He was the head of the People's Navy (Volksmarine) and as the last Minister of National Defense of the German Democratic Republic and head of the National People's Army. He was born in Gustävel, Mecklenburg, Germany.

paragraphs: Hoffmann died in Berlin on November 1, 2018 at the age of 82.


title: Robert F. Taft

paragraphs: Robert Francis Taft, S.J. (January 9, 1932 – November 2, 2018) was an American Jesuit priest and Archimandrite of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church. He was born in Providence, Rhode Island.

paragraphs: He was one of the 23 Eastern Catholic Churches in full communion with the Holy See of Rome. He was an expert in Oriental liturgy and a professor emeritus of the Pontifical Oriental Institute in Rome, of which he was the Vice-rector between 1995 and 2001.

paragraphs: Taft died on November 2, 2018 in Weston, Massachusetts at the age of 86.


title: Maulana Sami-ul-Haq

paragraphs: Maulana Sami ul Haq (, "Samī'u’l-Ḥaq"; 18 December 1937 – 2 November 2018) was a Pakistani religious scholar and Senator. He was member of the Senate of Pakistan from 1985 to 1991 and again from 1991 to 1997. He was born in Akora Khattak, British India. Sami-ul-Haq was thought as the "Father of the Taliban".

paragraphs: On 2 November 2018, Sami-ul-Haq was stabbed at his home in Bahria town, Rawalpindi. He was 80 years old.


title: Candi Staton

paragraphs: Canzetta Maria "Candi" Staton () (born March 13, 1940) is an American soul and gospel singer. She was born in Hanceville, Alabama.

paragraphs: Staton is best known in the United States for her 1970 remake of Tammy Wynette's "Stand By Your Man" and her 1976 disco chart-topper "Young Hearts Run Free".

paragraphs: In Europe, her biggest selling record is the anthemic "You Got the Love" from 1986, released in collaboration with the Source. Staton was inducted into the Christian Music Hall of Fame. Staton is a four-time Grammy Award nominee.

paragraphs: On October 30, 2018, Staton announced that she had been diagnosed with breast cancer.


title: Bradley County

paragraphs: Bradley County is the name of two counties in the United States:


title: Bradley County, Arkansas

paragraphs: Bradley County is a county of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 11,508. The county seat is Warren. It was founded on December 18, 1840.


Carroll County, Arkansas


title: Chicot County, Arkansas

paragraphs: Chicot County is a county of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 11,800. The county seat is Lake Village. It was founded on October 25, 1823.


title: Clark County, Arkansas

paragraphs: Clark County is a county in the south-central part of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 22,995. The county seat is Arkadelphia. It was founded on December 15, 1818.


title: Carroll County, Mississippi

paragraphs: Carroll County is a county in Mississippi.


title: Cleburne County, Arkansas

paragraphs: Cleburne County is a county of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 25,970. The county seat and most populous city is Heber Springs. It was founded on February 20, 1883.


title: Cleveland County, Arkansas

paragraphs: Cleveland County (formerly Dorsey County) is a county of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 8,689. The county seat is Rison. It was founded on April 17, 1873.


title: Mya (unit)

paragraphs: In astronomy, geology, and paleontology, mya is an acronym for 'million years ago'. This abbreviation is commonly used to show the length of time before the present or "B.P." (before AD 1950). Specifically, one mya is equal to 10 years ago.

paragraphs: Mya is traditionally written in lower case (small letters). It is often replaced in scientific literature by a term based on Latin: Ma (megaannum).


title: Pittsburgh Post-Gazette

paragraphs: The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, also known simply as the PG, is the largest newspaper serving metropolitan Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. It has won six Pulitzer Prizes since 1938. Around 170,630 papers are printed and delivered daily.

paragraphs: The Pittsburgh "Post" first appeared on September 10, 1842, as the "Daily Morning Post". It had its origin in three pro-Democratic weeklies, the "Mercury", "Allegheny Democrat", and "American Manufacturer".


title: Laurens van Ravens

paragraphs: Laurens "Lau" van Ravens (18 September 1922 – 23 October 2018) was a Dutch international football referee. He was featured at the 1970 FIFA World Cup. He officiated in the 1950s, 60s and 70s, becoming an international referee in 1966. He was born in Schiedam, Netherlands.

paragraphs: His final game was Coen Moulijn's farewell match between Feyenoord and Uruguay on 9 June 1972.

paragraphs: Van Ravens died on 23 October 2018 in Rijswijk, Netherlands at the age of 96.


title: Nathan Fillion

paragraphs: Nathan Fillion (; born March 27, 1971) is a Canadian-American actor. He was born in Edmonton, Alberta. Fillion is best known for the lead role of Captain Malcolm Reynolds in the television series "Firefly" and its movie continuation, "Serenity", as well as his role as Richard Castle on the ABC series "Castle".


title: Tihar (festival)

paragraphs: Tihar also known as Deepawali is a Hindu festival. It is celebrated for 5 days. It is celebrated mainly in Nepal and the Indian states of Assam and Sikkim. It is also celebrated in Darjeeling district of West Bengal. It is the festival of lights. In this festival "diyas" are lit inside and outside the houses to make it bright at night. It is known as "Swanti" among the Newars and as "Diwali" among Madhesis. Set in the Vikram Samvat calendar, the festival begins with Kaag Tihar in Trayodashi of Kartik Krishna Paksha. It ends with Bhai Tika in Dwitiya of Kartik Sukla Paksha every year.

paragraphs: Tihar is the second biggest festival in Nepal after Dashain. In this festival animals like crows, cows, and dogs are also worshipped. People make "Rangolis" on the floor of living rooms or courtyards. They use materials such as colored rice, dry flour, colored sand or flower Petals to make these Rangolis. Rangolis are made for welcoming Gods and Goddesses of Hinduism mainly Goddess Lakshmi.

paragraphs: Kaag Tihar (Crow Festival) is the first day of Tihar. In this day the crow is worshipped. Hindus regard crows as the messengers of Yamraja, the god of death. People worship it to bring good luck in their houses.

paragraphs: The second day is called Kukur Tihar (Dog Festival). In this day, people offer garlands, tika and delicious food to dogs. Dogs are important animals in Hindu mythology. It is believed that Bhairava, an incarnation of Lord Shiva, had a dog as a vahana (vehicle). It is also believed that Yama, the god of death, had two guard dogs – each with four eyes. The dogs are said to watch over the gates of Naraka, the Hindu concept of Hell. Due to this belief, this day is also known as Naraka Chaturdashi.

paragraphs: The morning of the third day is Gai Tihar (worship of the cow). In Hinduism, cow is the symbol of prosperity and wealth. In ancient times cows were very useful. Their milk, dung, even urine was used for purpose like purification. So, on this day people worship cow by garlanding and feeding them with the best grass. They clean and decorate the houses. Doorways and windows are decorated by garlands made of Saya Patri (marigolds) and makhamali ("Gomphrena globosa") flowers.

paragraphs: In the evening Laxmi, the goddess of wealth is worshipped. She is worshipped by lighting oil lamps (Diyo) or candles on doorways and windows. It is believed that in this day she visits her followers and gives them blessings. At night the girls enjoy playing "Bhailo" by singing and dancing. They visit many houses with musical instruments. They collect money as a tip from houses and share the money amongst themselves.

paragraphs: From the third day onward Tihar is celebrated with "Deusi" and "Bhailo" with light and fireworks. Boys sing Deusi and the girls sing Bhailo. In return, the home owners give them money, fruit and "selroti" (a Nepali roundel made of rice flour and sugar). Social workers, politician, and young people also visit local homes. They sing these songs and collect money for social activities.

paragraphs: Laxmi Prasad Devkota, who is regarded as the greatest poet of Nepali language, was born on this day. He was named after the Laxmi Puja.

paragraphs: There are 3 different kinds of pujas on the fourth day. Mainly ox is worshipped in this day by giving different foods. It is observed as Goru Tihar or Goru Puja (worship of the oxen). People who follow Vaishnavism perform Govardhan Puja. Govardhan Puja is worship towards Govardhan mountain. Cow dung is taken as representative of the mountain and is worshiped. Another type of puja is Mha Puja (worship of self). It is done by the people of Newar community during the night. This day is seen as the beginning of the new Nepal Sambat calendar year.

paragraphs: The fifth and last day of Tihar is called "Bhai Tika". On this day sisters apply "tilaka" or "tika" on the foreheads of their brothers. This is done to ensure the long life of their bothers and thank them for the protection they provide. It is believed that, Yamaraj, the God of Death, visited his sister Goddess Yamuna's house. He stayed there for five days so Tihar is also called "Yamapanchak". He was pleased with the Hospitality so he asked her to make a wish. Yamuna wished that the love and faith of the brothers and sisters who meet every year on the same day remain strong and the brothers have a long life and fame. Yamaraj granted the wish.

paragraphs: In Bhai Tika, brothers sit on the floor while their sisters perform their "puja". During the "puja" sisters circle brothers by dropping oil on the floor from a copper pitcher. They also applying oil to their brother's hair. After that, they apply seven-color "tikas" on the brother's forehead. Similarly, brothers also give "tikas" to their sisters. They also exchange gifts. This ritual is practiced for both younger and elder brothers. Those without a sister or brother join relatives or friends for "tika". This festival makes the relationship between brothers and sisters stronger.

paragraphs: Along with the seven-coloured "tika", sisters provide brothers with Sagun, sweets, "Makhamali" "(Gomphrena globosa)" garland. They also provide a sacred cotton thread of Tantric importance. The thread is similar to Janai and is meant to protect their bodies.


title: Kadaikutty Singam

paragraphs: Kadaikutty Singam (Youngest lion) is a 2018 Indian Tamil language movie. Pandiraj wrote and directed the movie. Suriya produced the movie for his studio 2D Entertainment. The movie stars Karthi and Sayyeshaa. The film was also released in Telugu as "Chinna Babu". The movie was released on 13 July 2018.


title: Nodal plane

paragraphs: A nodal plane is a plane, an area around an atom, in which the probability of finding a electron is zero.


title: Roy Hargrove

paragraphs: Roy Anthony Hargrove (October 16, 1969 – November 2, 2018) was an American jazz trumpeter. He was born in Waco, Texas. Hargrove played primarily with jazz musicians such as Wynton Marsalis and Herbie Hancock. His first best known work was "With the Tenors of Our Time". He won two Grammy Awards for "Habana" (1997) and "" (2002).

paragraphs: Hargrove was the bandleader of the progressive group The RH Factor. Its members have included Chalmers "Spanky" Alford, Pino Palladino, James Poyser, Jonathan Batiste and Bernard Wright.

paragraphs: Hargrove died in New York City on November 2, 2018 from a heart attack at the age of 49.


title: Mari Hulman George

paragraphs: Mary Antonia "Mari" Hulman George (December 26, 1934 – November 3, 2018) was an American businesswoman and philanthropist. She was born in Evansville, Indiana. George wasthe daughter of Anton "Tony" Hulman and Mary Fendrich Hulman. She was the chairperson of the Indianapolis Motor Speedway from 1988 to 2016, and also of Hulman & Company.

paragraphs: George died on November 3, 2018 in Indianapolis, Indiana at the age of 83.


title: Stroud

paragraphs: Stroud is a market town and civil parish in the centre of Gloucestershire, England. It is 16 kilometres south of Gloucester, 24 kilometres south-southeast of Cheltenham, 21 kilometres west-northwest of Cirencester and 42 kilometres northeast of Bristol. It is known for its cathedral and parks.

paragraphs: Stroud Parish was originally part of Bisely, until the church was assigned parochial rights by the rectors of Bisely in 1304.

paragraphs: It was heavily involved in the Industrial Revolution as a cloth town.


title: Sharpsburg, Maryland

paragraphs: Sharpsburg is a town in Washington County, Maryland, United States, located about south of Hagerstown. The population was 705 at the 2010 census.


title: Columbia County, Arkansas

paragraphs: Columbia County is a county of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 24,552. The county seat is Magnolia. The county was founded on December 17, 1852, and named for Christopher Columbus.


title: Conway County, Arkansas

paragraphs: Conway County is a county of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 21,273. The county seat is Morrilton. It was founded on October 20, 1825.


title: Craighead County, Arkansas

paragraphs: Craighead County is a county of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 96,443. The county seats are Jonesboro and Lake City. It was founded on February 19, 1859.


title: Crittenden County, Arkansas

paragraphs: Crittenden County is a county of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 50,902. The county seat is Marion. It was founded on October 22, 1825.


title: Cedarville, Arkansas

paragraphs: Cedarville is a city in the US state of Arkansas.


title: Mulberry, Arkansas

paragraphs: Mulberry is a city in the US state of Arkansas.


title: Cross County, Arkansas

paragraphs: Cross County is a county of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 17,870. The county seat is Wynne. It was founded on November 15, 1862.


title: Carroll County, Indiana

paragraphs: Carroll County is a county in the state of Indiana, in the United States. The county seat is Delphi.


title: Hafiz Hafeezur Rehman

paragraphs: Hafiz Hafeezur Rehman (; born 23 September 1971) is a Pakistani politician. He is the 2nd Chief Minister of Gilgit-Baltistan and also leader of Pakistan's conservative political party PML-N, in Gilgit-Baltistan. He is serving in office since 2015.


title: WR 102ka

paragraphs: WR 102ka is a blue supergiant star. It is found in the constellation Sagittarius and is located near the middle of the Milky Way. It is 92 times larger than the Sun and 3.2 million times brighter.


title: Sigma Octantis

paragraphs: Sigma Octantis is the current southern pole star. It is an F-type giant star. It is 7,415 degrees Kelvin.


title: MY Cephei

paragraphs: MY Cephei is a red supergiant star located in the Cepheus constellation. It is 1,134 times larger than the Sun.


title: LBV 1806-20

paragraphs: LBV 1806-20 is a blue supergiant star. It is 2,000,000 times brighter than the Sun. It is located in the Sagittarius constellation but due to dust is not visible to the naked eye. The star is 1,135 times larger than the Sun.


title: Thita Rangsitpol Manitkul

paragraphs: Thitiya Rangsitpol (born 8 November 1966) is a Thai politician and congresswoman who represented Thailand from 2001 to 2005.


title: Valeri Lilov

paragraphs: Valeri Lilov (born 1991) is an Bulgarian chess player and author. Valeri earned the title of "International Master" in 2013.

paragraphs: Valeri started his chess playing at an early age. In 2005, Valeri received the Presidential Award from Bulgarian President Georgi Parvanov. Valeri host a "Chess Show: The Art of Defense", which was broadcasted by chessbase.com. Valery has published several Books and chess training videos, which were well-received.

paragraphs: In 2017, he wrote a comedy-short film "Once Upon a Time in Varna".


title: Tewkesbury

paragraphs: Tewkesbury is a town and civil parish in northern Gloucestershire, near the border with Worcestershire.

paragraphs: The battle of Tewkesbury was fought On 4th May 1471 and was one of the decisive battles of the Wars of the Roses.

paragraphs: The River Severn and Avon flow by Tewkesbury.

paragraphs: The M5 and M50 motorways and A38 and A46 trunk roads serve Tewkesbury. There are frequent bus rides to the area.

paragraphs: Tewkesbury is served by Ashchurch for Tewkesbury railway station. It was the last mainline station in Gloucestershire to be reopened after British Rail was fragmented into Railtrack.


title: Jaco Pastorius

paragraphs: John Francis Anthony Pastorius III (December 1, 1951 – September 21, 1987), better known as Jaco Pastorius, was an American jazz bassist. Despite his short career, he is considered by a select few to be the greatest bassist of all time. He was born in Norristown, Pennsylvania.

paragraphs: Pastorius was a member of Weather Report from 1976 to 1981. He worked with Pat Metheny, Joni Mitchell, and recorded albums as a solo artist and band leader. Pastorius was the first bassist in any genre to use harmonics in his bass playing, which can be heard in songs such as "Portrait of Tracy".

paragraphs: Pastorius developed a self-destructive habit of provoking bar fights and allowing himself to be beaten up. On September 11, 1987, Pastorius was beaten to the point that he became comatose after a Carlos Santana concert in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. He suffered a cerebral hemorrhage and a few days later led to brain death. He was disconnected from life support and died on September 21, 1987 at the age of 35 at a hospital in Fort Lauderdale.


title: Gersau

paragraphs: Gersau is a municipality and district in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland. It is on the shores of Lake Lucerne.


title: Arth

paragraphs: Arth is a municipality in Schwyz District in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland.


title: Dallas County, Arkansas

paragraphs: Dallas County is a county of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 8,116, The county seat is Fordyce. It was founded on January 1, 1845.


title: Riemenstalden

paragraphs: Riemenstalden is a municipality in Schwyz District in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland. The villages can be reached by road from Sisikon (Canton of Uri).

paragraphs: Alplersee is located on the slopes of Rophaien.


title: SEAT

paragraphs: SEAT () is a Spanish car maker headquartered in San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid. It is a part of the Volkswagen Group since 1986. The company was founded on 9 May 1950.


title: Desha County, Arkansas

paragraphs: Desha County is a county located in the southeast part of the U.S. state of Arkansas, with its eastern border the Mississippi River. As of the 2010 census, the population was 13,008. The county seat is Arkansas City. It was founded on December 12, 1838.


title: Drew County, Arkansas

paragraphs: Drew County is a county of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 18,509. The county seat and largest city is Monticello. Drew County was founded on November 26, 1846, and named for Thomas Drew, the third governor of Arkansas.


title: Faulkner County, Arkansas

paragraphs: Faulkner County is a county of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 113,237. The county seat and largest city is Conway. It was founded on April 12, 1873.


title: Kivitoo

paragraphs: Kivitoo was an Inuit community. It was also a whaling station. It was on the northeast shore of Baffin Island in Nunavut, Canada. The Inuit families that lived in Kivitoo moved to Qikiqtarjuaq in the 1950s. Qikiqtarjuaq is south of Kivitoo.

paragraphs: In the 20th century, the Sabellum Trading Company created a whaling post at Kivitoo. This was to help the whalers that would stop there. The post was abandoned in 1926.<ref name="Dictionary o/ Canadian Bios"></ref>

paragraphs: Kivitoo was a Distant Early Warning Line site. It's code was FOX-D. Right now, it is a North Warning System site. A short airstrip was built near Kivitoo around the time it became a Distant Early Warning Line site. The people that were living in Kivitoo were moved to Qikiqtarjuaq in the 1950s by the Canadian government. This was supposed to be for their safety because three people that lived in Kivitoo were killed when ice broke under their igloos. The people never came back to Kivitoo. The government had already demolished most of the buildings in Kivitoo.

paragraphs: A documentary that was made by Zacharias Kunuk talked about Kivitoo. It is called "".


title: IPhone 8

paragraphs: iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus are smartphones designed and developed by Apple Inc. It was announced on September 12, 2017, alongside the more expensive iPhone X. It was released on September 22, 2017.

paragraphs: The iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus designs are very similar to earlier iPhone designs, with one exception being that it now has a glass back. These two smartphones also allow wireless charging, a feature that allows the smartphone to be charging without needing a wire. Both smartphones also have a faster processor to load apps faster and more efficiently. It also has an improved camera for taking photos with much better quality. The displays on the iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus are also much improved compared to earlier iPhones, allowing the screen to automatically adjust color balance depending on the ambient light (background light). The iPhone 8 and 8 Plus both have the same internal hardware as the iPhone X, sharing the same processors and same memory space as each other.


title: IPod Touch 6

paragraphs: The iPod Touch 6, is the sixth iPod Touch released by Apple Inc. It was first released on July 15, 2015. It is a handheld tablet computer. The iPod Touch 6 can do many things that iPhones can do except it cannot use cellular data (which is required for making calls or texting without WiFi). Critics praise the iPod Touch 6 as a low-cost device that produces good quality photos, though they criticize the iPod Touch 6 for having a poor battery life and a small screen.


title: Conveyor belt

paragraphs: A conveyor belt is a mechanism which is able to transport goods (or people) over a distance. It is made of a band, which is held by a number of wheels. On one side, the belt is used for transport, on the other, it travels back the distance. Conveyor belts are commonly used to transport bulk goods, such as sand or coal.


title: Mariano Rajoy Sobredo

paragraphs: Mariano Rajoy Sobredo (28 August 1921 – 1 November 2018), was a Spanish jurist and magistrate. He was president of the Provincial Audience of Pontevedra and father of former Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy. He was born in Santiago de Compostela.

paragraphs: Rajoy Sobredo died in Madrid on 1 November 2018 at the age of 97.


title: Pablo Casado

paragraphs: Pablo Casado Blanco (born 1 February 1981) is a Spanish politician. He is the leader of the People's Party. He is one of the three deputies for Ávila in the national Congress of Deputies and has held that office since 2011.

paragraphs: From 2015 to 2018 he also s]was Vice Secretary-General of Communication of the People's Party (PP). Since July 2018 he has been the president of the PP.


title: Ken Swofford

paragraphs: Kenneth Charles "Ken" Swofford (July 25, 1933 – November 1, 2018) was an American actor. He was born in Du Quoin, Illinois.

paragraphs: Between 1962 and 1995, Swofford's movie roles included "Thelma & Louise", "Skyjacked", "Black Roses" and "The Andromeda Strain".

paragraphs: Swofford appeared on such television series as "Fame", "Switch", "The Oregon Trail", "Rich Man, Poor Man Book II", "Murder, She Wrote", and as a cast member of the mystery series "Ellery Queen".

paragraphs: Swofford died on November 1, 2018 in Garden Grove, California at the age of 85.


title: Janusz Bielański

paragraphs: Rev. Janusz Bielanski (25 March 1939 – 3 November 2018) was a Roman Catholic priest. He was the rector of the Wawel Cathedral in Kraków, Poland from 1983 until 2007.

paragraphs: Bielański resigned on January 8, 2007 after allegations about his cooperation with the Służba Bezpieczeństwa—the communist-era secret police. Bielanski's resignation was announced the day after the resignation of Archbishop Stanisław Wielgus from the see of Warsaw.

paragraphs: Bielański died on 3 November 2018 in Kraków at the age of 79.


title: Jeremy Heywood

paragraphs: Jeremy John Heywood, Baron Heywood of Whitehall, (31 December 1961 – 4 November 2018) was a senior British civil servant. He was Cabinet Secretary from 1 January 2012, and Head of the Home Civil Service from September 2014, until stepping down in October 2018. He was the Principal Private Secretary to the Prime Minister, as well as the Downing Street Chief of Staff and the first and only Downing Street Permanent Secretary.

paragraphs: Heywood was diagnosed with lung cancer in June 2017. He retired on health grounds on 24 October 2018. He died on 4 November 2018 in London, aged 56.


title: Harris Hines

paragraphs: Harris Hines (September 6, 1943 – November 4, 2018) was an American judge. He was born in Atlanta, Georgia. He was the Chief Justice of the Georgia Supreme Court in the United States from 2017 to 2018. He was appointed to the Supreme Court on July 26, 1995 and re-elected by the voters of the state. Hines was elected Chief Justice by his colleagues in September 2016 and he retired in August 2018.

paragraphs: Hines was killed in a car crash in Atlanta on November 4, 2018 at the age of 75.


title: Vince Manuwai

paragraphs: Vincent Keoni Manuwai (July 12, 1980 – November 4, 2018) was an American football guard. He was born in Honolulu. He was drafted in the third round of the 2003 NFL Draft by the Jacksonville Jaguars. He played college football for the University of Hawaii Warriors.

paragraphs: Manuwai died on November 4, 2018, at the age of 38, from cardiac arrest at his apartment in Honolulu, Hawaii.


title: Wolfgang Zuckermann

paragraphs: Wolfgang Joachim Zuckermann (11 October 1922 – 4 November 2018) was a German-American harpsichord maker and activist. He was born in Berlin. He invented a highly popular kit for constructing new instruments and wrote an influential book, "The Modern Harpsichord". As environmental and social activist, he has authored books including "The Mews of London" and "The End of the Road".

paragraphs: In June 1994 he became founder and owner-manager of "Shakespeare", an English-language bookstore and arts center in Avignon, named after a famous earlier "Shakespeare" bookstore run in Paris. Zuckermann retired from running the bookstore in 2012.

paragraphs: Zuckermann died on 4 November 2018 in Orange, Vaucluse, France at the age of 96.


title: Warren B. Hamilton

paragraphs: Warren B. Hamilton (May 13, 1925 – October 26, 2018) was an American geologist. He was known for his works in geology and geophysics. He described the dynamic and petrologic evolution of Earth's crust and mantle. He worked for the US Geological Survey (USGS) in geologic, then geophysical, branches.

paragraphs: Hamilton died on October 26, 2018 in Golden, Colorado at the age of 93.


title: Claes Oldenburg

paragraphs: Claes Oldenburg (born January 28, 1929) is an American sculptor who was born in Sweden. He is best known for his public art installations typically featuring large replicas of everyday objects. Another theme in his work is soft sculpture versions of everyday objects. Many of his works were made in collaboration with his wife, Coosje van Bruggen, who died in 2009; they had been married for 32 years. Oldenburg lives and works in New York.


title: I. John Hesselink

paragraphs: Ira John Hesselink Jr. (March 21, 1928 – October 28, 2018) was an American theologian. He was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan. He was a Professor Emeritus of Systematic Theology at Western Theological Seminary in Holland, Michigan. After his retirement, he was an honorary professor and continued to write a few books on John Calvin and lectures in Europe, South Korea and Japan.

paragraphs: He was a theologian who was a missionary in Japan after receiving theological education at Western Theological Seminary in Holland, Michigan. He wrote a book on Calvin's Catechism and several books and papers. In his book on Calvin in the Cambridge Theologian Series, he wrote a paper on Calvin's theology.

paragraphs: He was also president of Karl Barth Society of North America founded in October 1972 in Toronto by a group of Canadian and American scholars of Karl Barth, inspired by his son Markus Barth.

paragraphs: Hesselink died on October 28, 2018 in Holland, Michigan at the age of 90.


title: Emil Paleček

paragraphs: Emil Paleček (3 October 1930 – 30 October 2018) was a Czech biochemist. He researched how DNA can be used to diagnose genetic diseases. Paleček discovered electrochemistry in nucleic acids. He was Jewish and his father died in the Holocaust.

paragraphs: In 1959, Paleček got a PhD in biochemistry from Masaryk University in Brno, Czechoslovakia (now in the Czech Republic). During the 1960s, Paleček worked at the Biophysical Institute of the Academy of Sciences in Brno.

paragraphs: In 1989, Paleček became a member of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences. From 1993–97, he was a member of the Czech Academy of Sciences. In 1994, Paleček was one of the founding members of the Learned Society of the Czech Republic.

paragraphs: Paleček died of a stroke while swimming on 30 October 2018 in Brno, Czech Republic at the age of 88.


title: Sebaceous hyperplasia

paragraphs: Sebaceous hyperplasia is a skin condition. It forms non-malignant lesions, typically found in middle-aged individuals. They are filled with sebum and can turn into a sebaceous tumor if left untreated. Sebum will typically come out of the lesion if squeezed. Sometimes this might hurt the person who has it.


title: Nicaraguan córdoba

paragraphs: The córdoba (, sign: C$; code: NIO) is the currency of Nicaragua. It is divided into 100 "centavos".


title: Baadshah (1999 movie)

paragraphs: Baadshah (translation: "King") is a 1999 Indian action comedy movie directed by Abbas-Mustan. The movie stars Shah Rukh Khan opposite Twinkle Khanna in lead roles. It was released on 27 August 1999. Shahrukh Khan earned a Filmfare Award nomination for Best Performance in a Comic Role.

paragraphs: The soundtrack has 6 songs composed by Anu Malik. Most of the songs are sung by Abhijeet. The artists are Alka Yagnik & Anu Malik.


paragraphs: Roger Bootle-Wilbraham, 7th Baron Skelmersdale (2 April 1945 – 2 November 2018), was a British politician. He was a Conservative member of the House of Lords from 1974 until his death in 2018. He studied at Eton College. He worked with Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher.

paragraphs: Bootle-Wilbraham worked for Department of Environment as a Parliamentary Under Secretary of State and then to the Department of Health and Social Security in 1987 before that department was split in 1988.

paragraphs: Bootle-Wilbraham continued to work at the Department of Social Security until 1989 when he was assigned to the Northern Ireland Office until November 1990. He was not reappointed by John Major.

paragraphs: Bootle-Wilbraham died on 2 November 2018 at the age of 73.


title: Grant R. Osborne

paragraphs: Grant R. Osborne (July 7, 1942 – November 4, 2018) was an American theologian and New Testament scholar. He was Professor of New Testament at Trinity Evangelical Divinity School. He was born in New York City.

paragraphs: Osborne studied at Fort Wayne Bible College, Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, and the University of Aberdeen. He was best known for his concept of the "hermeneutical spiral".

paragraphs: Osborne died on November 4, 2018 in Libertyville, Illinois at the age of 76.


title: Mandela Barnes

paragraphs: Mandela Barnes (born December 1, 1986) is an American politician and community organizer. Barnes is the Lieutenant Governor of Wisconsin. He was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from 2013 to 2017.

paragraphs: Barnes was the Democratic nominee for Lieutenant Governor of Wisconsin in the 2018 election running alongside Tony Evers and they won the general election in November 2018.


title: Hessah Al Sheikh

paragraphs: Hessah Al Sheikh () is a Saudi Arabian writer, professor, and activist. In 2015, "Arabian Business" magazine named her one of the 100 Most Powerful Arab Women.

paragraphs: In May 2018, she was arrested with 10 other women's rights activists, ahead of the legalization of women driving. She was released on May 24. More than 30 international human rights groups signed a petition for their release.

paragraphs: Dr. Hessah al-Sheikh is from the Al Sheikh family. They are descendants of Sheikh Mohammed Ibn Abdul-Wahhab who started the Wahhabi form of Sunni Islam.

paragraphs: She has a bachelor's degree in Education and Arabic Language from Riyadh College of Education, and a PhD in Educational Management from King Saud University. She studied Sustainability and Responsibility at the Ashridge Centre for Action Research in the U.K.

paragraphs: Hessah AlSheikh participated in the original 1990 demonstration for the right to drive. The 47 women were arrested, and lost their passports and their jobs.

paragraphs: She is a professor at King Saud University. She was also dean of the Women’s College at Al Yamamah University in Riyadh.

paragraphs:
She volunteers with Saudi charities for women and children. She is chair of the
Down Syndrome Charity Association and a Founding Board Member of the National Family Safety Programme in Saudi Arabia. She is a founding partner of the Women’s Entrepreneurship Initiative. a non-profit company for women's projects in the Middle East and north Africa.

paragraphs: She is described as a liberal writer who has always praised the decisions of Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman as a reformer. In 2015 she was the target of a controversy because of an article she wrote about women's issues for the newspaper "Riyadh". The newspaper was forced to delete the article from its archives, and the issue was referred to interior minister Mohammed bin Nayef for investigation. The article was about the rights of widows and criticized a fatwa of the Grand Mufti Sheikh Abdul Aziz al-Sheikh.


title: Autumn Reeser

paragraphs: Autumn Reeser (born September 21, 1980) is an American actress. She was born in La Jolla, San Diego, California.

paragraphs: Reeser is best known for her roles as Taylor Townsend on the Fox series "The O.C.", Lizzie Grant on HBO's "Entourage", Katie Andrews on ABC's "No Ordinary Family", Kylie Sinclair on ABC's "Last Resort", Dr. Gabby Asano in CBS's "Hawaii Five-0", and Leslie Bellcamp on E!'s "The Arrangement".

paragraphs: Reeser appeared in Clint Eastwood's movie "Sully" with Tom Hanks.


title: Rami Malek

paragraphs: Rami Said Malek (born May 12, 1981) is an American actor. He is known for his role as Elliot Alderson in the USA Network television series "Mr. Robot". For his role as Alderson, he won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series in 2016.

paragraphs: Malek is also known for his roles in the "Night at the Museum" trilogy, "The Pacific" (2010), "" (2012), and "Short Term 12" (2013).

paragraphs: Malek played musician Freddie Mercury in the biographical drama "Bohemian Rhapsody" (2018). He won a Golden Globe Award and an Oscar for this role in 2019.


title: Sayed Ashraful Islam

paragraphs: Sayed Ashraful Islam (1 January 1952 – 3 January 2019) was a Bangladeshi politician. He was a member of the Awami League. He was a Member of Parliament and Minister of Public Administration of the Government of Bangladesh. Islam was Minister of Local Government and Rural Development. He was born in Mymensingh, East Bengal.

paragraphs: In November 2018, Islam was diagnosed with stage-4 lung cancer. He died two months later from the disease on 3 January 2019 in Bangkok, Thailand, aged 67.


title: Karl-Heinz Adler

paragraphs: Karl-Heinz Adler (20 June 1927 – 4 November 2018) was a German abstract painter, graphic artist and conceptual artist. He was described as "one of Germany’s most famous representatives of Concrete Art." He was born in Adorf, Saxony, Germany.

paragraphs: He produced many public monuments and developed, with Friedrich Kracht, modular concrete decoration for hundreds of buildings across East, now eastern, Germany.

paragraphs: Adler died on 4 November 2018 at the age of 91.