title: San Francisco de Macorís

paragraphs: The Dominican city of San Francisco de Macorís is the head municipality of the Duarte province, on the northeast of the country.

paragraphs: It is located on the eastern part of the Cibao Valley; it is the largest city of the Dominican northeast and it is the centre of the region.

paragraphs: The municipality had, in 2010, a total population of 149,508: 73,705 men and 75,803 women. The urban population was of the total population, one of the most urban municipality in the country.

paragraphs: When the country was a Spanish colony, the region where the city is now was known as the "Partido de Macorís" ("partido" was an old Spanish subdivision like a municipality). It had the name of "Macorís" because on the mountains to the north of the area lived native people named "Macorís" or "Macorix", different from the Taínos.

paragraphs: Those people that were living here founded, on 20 September 1778, the town in a place called "El Rincón de San Francisco" and, for that reason, they gave to the new town the name that it has now: San Francisco de Macorís, that in English would be "St. Francis of Macoris".

paragraphs: San Francisco de Macorís was part of La Vega province until 1885 when it became a municipality of the Espaillat province. With the creation of the Duarte province, San Francisco de Macorís became its head municipality, like the capital city, of the new province.

paragraphs: San Francisco de Macorís has a total area of . It has four municipal districts (a municipal district is a subdivision of a municipality). These are Cenoví, Jaya, La Peña and Presidente Don Antonio Guzmán Fernández.

paragraphs: San Francisco de Macorís is at to the northwest of Santo Domingo, in the "Cibao Oriental" (in English, "Eastern Cibao"), the eastern part of the Cibao Valley. Most of the municipality is in the valley but the northern part of it is on the "Cordillera Septentrional" (in English, "Northern mountain range"); the mountains here are not very high. The altitude of the city of San Francisco de Macorís is above sea level.

paragraphs: The municipality has the María Trinidad Sánchez province to the north and east, the municipality of Las Guáranas to the south, the La Vega province to the southwest, the Hermanas Mirabal province to the west and the Espaillat province to the northwest.

paragraphs: Rivers here are short with their sources in the Cordillera Septentrional; they are tributaries of the River Camú, a tributary of the River Yuna that flows to the Samaná Bay. The most important river in the municipality is the River Jaya, that flows to the west of the city; San Francisco de Macorís is also known as "The City of the Jaya" because of this small river.

paragraphs: San Francisco de Macorís has a tropical wet climate (Köppen climate classification : Af) with no dry or cold season as it is constantly moist.

paragraphs: The average amount of rainfall for the year in the city is . The month with the most precipitation on average is May with of rainfall, followed by November with .

paragraphs: The driest season is winter. The month with the least rainfall on average is March with an average of and the second is February with .

paragraphs: San Francisco de Macorís is in a warm region; the average temperature for the year is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of .

paragraphs: The municipality of San Francisco de Macorís has four municipal districts:

paragraphs: Even if there are some industries in the city, the most important economic activity is farming. Coffee, cacao, rice and plantain are the most important crops.

paragraphs: Cattle raising is also very important. with an important production of milk.


title: 2008 Pacific hurricane season

paragraphs: The 2008 Pacific hurricane season started on May 15, 2008, and ended November 30, 2008. 2008 was close to average with 17 storms, and 7 of those became hurricanes.

paragraphs: On April 22, 2009, the name Alma was retired. In 2016 the name Amanda will be used instead of Alma.


title: Hurricane Juan

paragraphs: Hurricane Juan was the sixth hurricane in the 2003 Atlantic hurricane season. Hurricane Juan was one of the costliest hurricanes in Nova Scotia (which is in Canada which is on Earth, which is in Canada). Hurricane Juan left 8 killed and about $200 million in damage. The hurricane only affected Canada.

paragraphs: Hurricane Juan came from a Tropical wave of the coast of Africa.

paragraphs: The system became a Tropical Depression on September 24th, 2003

paragraphs: Juan became a Tropical Storm on September 25th, 2003 while just northeast of Bermuda.

paragraphs: Originally, Juan was estimated to peak as a 65 mph tropical storm. This estimate was wrong. By becoming a Category 1 Hurricane on September 26th. 2003. The day after, Juan became a Category 2 hurricane near Nova Scotia.

paragraphs: On September 29th Juan made landfall on Halifax, Nova Scotia with winds of 100 mph.

paragraphs: The name Juan was retired. The name Joaquin is on the list instead for 2009.


title: Edaphosaurus

paragraphs: Edaphosaurus was a pelycosaur (early Synapsida) that lived during the later Carboniferous and early Permian. It was a herbivorous relative of the well-known "Dimetrodon". Both had a large, thermal regulating sail on the back. Fossils of

paragraphs: "Edaphosaurus" have been found in Europe and North America.

paragraphs: "Edaphosaurus" species measured from to almost in length and weighed over 300 kilograms (660 lb). It was slightly taller and stockier than "Dimetrodon", but like its pelycosaur relatives had a small head and a long tail.

paragraphs: The head of "Edaphosaurus" was rather small for its body size. The deep lower jaw likely had powerful muscles and the teeth along the front and sides of its jaws could crop bite-sized pieces from tough plants.

paragraphs: The roof of the mouth and the inside of the lower jaw had batteries of peglike teeth. They were a crushing and grinding surface. Early descriptions suggested that "Edaphosaurus" fed on molluscs, which it crushed with its teeth plates. However, paleontologists now think that "Edaphosaurus" ate plants. Lack of wear on the teeth suggests "limited processing of food". Earlier members of the Edaphosauridae lacked tooth plates, and ate insects.


title: Declan Galbraith

paragraphs: Declan John Galbraith (born 19 December 1991, Hoo St Werburgh, Kent) is an English singer. He is best known for his 2002 hit single, "Tell Me Why". Some of his other songs include "An Angel" and "Ego You".


Maximilian I


title: Dettmar Cramer

paragraphs: Dettmar Cramer (4 April 1925 – 17 September 2015) was a former German football manager. He coached Bayern Munich. He led them to the 1975 and 1976 European Cups. He was born in Dortmund.

paragraphs: Cramer died at the age of 90 at his home in Reit im Winkl, Germany.


title: Atsushi Mio

paragraphs: Atsushi Mio (born 26 January 1983) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Gainare Tottori.


title: Daisuke Hoshi

paragraphs: Daisuke Hoshi (born 10 December 1980) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Machida Zelvia.


title: Havelian

paragraphs: Havelian is a city in Pakistan. It is in Abbottabad District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. The city is also part of a railway route.


title: Dassu

paragraphs: Dassu, also spelt Dusso, is a town in the Northern Areas of Pakistan. It is the capital of Upper Kohistan District. It has a height of 2440 metres (8008 feet) above sea level. The area has many gemstones.


title: Brian Labone

paragraphs: Brian Labone (23 January 1940 – 24 April 2006) is a former English football player. He has played for England national team.


title: Keiji Yoshimura

paragraphs: Keiji Yoshimura (born 8 August 1979) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Nagoya Grampus Eight.


title: Rodrigo Gral

paragraphs: Rodrigo Gral (born 21 February 1977) is a Brazilian football player.


title: Andradina

paragraphs: Edi Carlo Dias Marçal (born 13 September 1974) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Korona Kielce.


title: East Stirlingshire F.C.

paragraphs: East Stirlingshire F.C. is a football club which plays in Scotland. They played in the Scottish Football League until 2016.


title: Claudio Luiz Assuncao de Freitas

paragraphs: Cláudio Luís Assunção de Freitas (born 31 March 1972) is a former Brazilian football player.


Naoya Kikuchi


title: Arthurlie F.C.

paragraphs: Arthurlie F.C. is a football club which plays in Scotland.


title: Seiji Koga

paragraphs: Seiji Koga (born 7 August 1979) is a Japanese football player.


title: Takayuki Yoshida

paragraphs: Takayuki Yoshida (born 14 March 1977) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Vissel Kobe.


title: Rampla Juniors F.C.

paragraphs: Rampla Juniors F.C. is a football club which plays in Uruguay.


title: Raith Rovers F.C.

paragraphs: Raith Rovers F.C. is a football club which plays in Scotland.


title: Jorge Campos

paragraphs: Jorge Campos (born 15 October 1966) is a former Mexican football player. He has played for Mexico national team.


title: Emmanuel Adebayor

paragraphs: Emmanuel Adebayor (born 26 February 1984) is a Togolese football player. He currently plays for English Premier League club Crystal Palace and Togo national team.


title: Jan Wouters

paragraphs: Jan Wouters (born 17 July 1960) is a former Dutch football player. He has played for Netherlands national team.


title: C.A. Bella Vista

paragraphs: C.A. Bella Vista is a football club which plays in Uruguay.


title: Albion Rovers F.C.

paragraphs: Albion Rovers F.C. is a football club which plays in Scotland.


title: Bispham, Blackpool

paragraphs: Bispham is a village roughly one-and-a-half miles north of Blackpool town centre on the Fylde coast in the county of Lancashire, England.


title: Xevious

paragraphs: Xevious is a video game from Namco. It was first made available in 1982, and was available in arcades.

paragraphs: The game was released on many other video game systems, including:


title: Niederraunau

paragraphs: Niederraunau is a quarter of the town Krumbach in Günzburg (district), Swabia, Bavaria, Germany.

paragraphs: Niederraunau (Elevation 518 m) is in the valley of the little river Kammel two kilometres south of Krumbach in the natural region Lower Iller-Lech Gravel Plateau. The hills between the valleys of Kammel and the neighboring valleys of Günz and Mindel are covered with wood in parts. Niederraunau has a station at the Mittelschwaben Railway and it is at the Bundesstraße 16.

paragraphs: between 1100 and 1200: Niederraunau was founded<br>

paragraphs: 1494-95:the village got the right to hold a market<br>

paragraphs: 1978: since this year Niederraunau is a quarter of the town Krumbach; before this time the village was an own municipality;


title: Transverse wave

paragraphs: A transverse wave is a moving wave that is made up of oscillations happening perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer.

paragraphs: It can also mean that it is a wave that causes the medium to vibrate amazingly

paragraphs: \ at right angles perpendicular to the direction in which they travel parallel to each other.


title: Serbian Wikipedia

paragraphs: The Serbian Wikipedia is the Serbian-language edition of Wikipedia. This version was started on February 16, 2003.


title: Mesonychid

paragraphs: Mesonychids were the first mammalian carnivores after the extinction of the dinosaurs.

paragraphs: These "wolves on hooves" are an extinct order of carnivorous mammals, closely related to artiodactyls.

paragraphs: Mesonychids first appeared in the early Palaeocene with the genus "Dissacus". They went in decline at the end of the Eocene, and became extinct in the early Oligocene.

paragraphs: At the start of the Palaeocene, there were (so far as we know) no large carnivores on land. The surviving mammals and birds evolved into many of the ecological niches previously occupied by dinosaurs and pterosaurs. This process is called adaptive radiation. The mesonychids were the first group to become larger carnivores.

paragraphs: They soon had competition. By the later Palaeocene there were several other groups of land carnivores. The giant flightless bird "Gastornis" appeared in the Upper Palaeocene, and the Creodonts had also evolved. The Creodonts became an important order, and would certainly have been serious competitors of the mesonychids.

paragraphs: Most important of all, the modern order Carnivora became significant in the Eocene. They were a sister group to the mesonychids, and started as small forms in the Palaeocene. Once they increased in size they would have been direct competitors of the mesonychids.

paragraphs: The broken-up Gondwana gave rise to southern continents which the early placental mammals could not get to. Africa and India eventually bumped into Eurasia, and South America sometimes had land connection to North America. All this lead to 'faunal interchange'. Australasia developed its own carnivores, which became extinct only in modern times.

paragraphs: Large size was common. The famous "Andrewsarchus" had a skull a metre long, which is much larger than that of the modern Kodiak bear.

paragraphs: Mesonychid teeth consisted of molars which were laterally compressed and often blunt and were probably used for shearing meat or crushing bones. Many species are suspected of being fish-eaters, and the largest species may have been scavengers.


title: Andrewsarchus

paragraphs: Andrewsarchus mongoliensis (Andrews + Greek ἀρχός, "ruler"), was a mammalian Mesonychid predator.

paragraphs: This large heavily-built, wolf-like, mammal lived during the Eocene, about 45 to 36 million years ago. It walked on four short legs and had a long body, a long tail, and feet with hoofed toes. It had a long snout with large, sharp teeth and flat cheek teeth that may have been used to crush bones.

paragraphs: Because "Andrewsarchus" is only known from a skull and a few other bones, whether it was an active predator or merely a large scavenger is open to debate, as is its exact time range.


title: Eurolang

paragraphs: Eurolang is an international planned language created by Philip Hunt between 1995 and 1998 in order to be a language for the European Union. The author stated as a principle of the design that the language should be very easy to learn for Europeans. In contrast with other languages like Esperanto, Eurolang includes many words directly borrowed from English.

paragraphs: At present there's no known community of active speakers of Eurolang. The website of the author in which he described the language has disappeared from the net.

paragraphs: "Eurolang est actifacta lang, qui me creatab estar comuna 2a lang per la Europa Unized (EU). Its word-list est baseda super England-lang, Deutsh-lang, France-lang, Italia-lang, Espanja-lang et Latin. Me desinab it estar facila lernar et usar."

paragraphs: "Detail est, que lernabera Europa person, qui deja sav un or plus un de da langs, probablae pos lectar Eurolang (no tropa usation de dictionary), si ge est lernabera it per 2 days. Evidentae, facation it est plus unfacila rel lection it."


title: Molar conductivity

paragraphs: Molar conductivity is a scientific term. The molar conductivity of an electrolyte is a measure of how well it conducts electricity in solution. It is calculated by dividing the conductivity (how well the electrolyte conducts electricity) by the molar concentration (how much the electrolyte is diluted: a solution means that it has been dissolved in something else: see solution). In short, Molar conductivity increases with the decrease in concentration. It is measured in siemens per metre per molarity. The symbol for molar conductivity is Λ, or Λm.


title: Mingora

paragraphs: Mingora is the largest city in Swat District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It lies on the banks of River Swat about 2 km from Saidu Sharif, the capital of Swat.

paragraphs: In 1998 the population of Mingora was about 175,000. The city was once a major tourist destination and was described by Queen Elizabeth as the "Switzerland" of the former British Empire.

paragraphs: However because of the Taliban, tourism has suffered due to fighting between the Taliban and the government. In March 2009 the city came under Taliban rule due to a peace agreement with the government. But the agreement was soon broken and in May 2009 the government were fighting with the Taliban to end their occupation of the city.


Katsuyoshi Shinto


title: Gaël Clichy

paragraphs: Gaël Clichy (born 26 July 1985) is a French football player. He plays for Arsenal and France national team.


title: Brain cell

paragraphs: Brain cells are a group of cells that includes neurons and glial cells. The neurons perform the tasks, and the glial cells look after the neurons. Current research suggests that glia have a more complex function than just supporting neurons, some new functions have been identified. A child over 3 years old has over 1,000 trillion synapses.


title: Texas Blind Snake

paragraphs: The Texas Blind Snake is a snake most commonly found in the state of Texas. It is a worm like snake. They are 5-8 inches long.


title: Snake worship

paragraphs: Snake Worship is the worshipping of snakes. The worshipping of snakes occurs in many ancient cultures. In religion and mythology, snakes were often seen as images of strength, or of renewal.

paragraphs: In Hindu mythology, the snake (or Naga) represents rebirth, death and mortality, as the snake sheds its skin and becomes (symbolically) re-born.

paragraphs: There are many snakes in Greek mythology - some myths feature a snake called "ophion" as one of the original rulers of the world.

paragraphs: The snake is to be considered "the god of good" by the Gnostics.


title: Glass lizard

paragraphs: Glass lizards, or glass snakes, are a genus of reptiles that look like snakes. Although most species have no legs, their head shapes, movable eyelids, and external ear openings show they are lizards. A few species have very small, stub-like legs near their rear vent (cloaca). These are vestigial organs.

paragraphs: Most described species are native to Asia, a few occur in North America, and at least one can be found in North Africa.

paragraphs: Like many lizards, they have the ability to drop off part of the tail when attacked. It can break into several pieces, like glass. The tail stays mobile, distracting the predator, while the lizard keeps still.


title: Tequesta, Florida

paragraphs: Tequesta is a village of Palm Beach County, Florida in the United States. In 2000 5,273 people lived in Tequesta. Tequesta is the northern most city in Palm Beach County, Florida.


title: Jupiter Inlet Colony, Florida

paragraphs: Jupiter Inlet Colony is a town in Palm Beach County, Florida, United States. As of 2004, 388 people lived there.


title: Juno Beach, Florida

paragraphs: Juno Beach is a town in Palm Beach County, Florida, United States. As of 2004, 3,391 people lived there. Juno Beach is home to the headquarters of Florida Power & Light.


title: North Palm Beach, Florida

paragraphs: North Palm Beach is an incorporated village in Palm Beach County, Florida, United States. As of 2004, 12,645 people lived there.


title: Lake Park, Florida

paragraphs: Lake Park is a town in Palm Beach County, Florida, United States. As of 2004, 9,080 people lived there.


title: Palm Beach Shores, Florida

paragraphs: Palm Beach Shores is a town in Palm Beach County, Florida, United States. As of 2004, 1,511 people lived there.


title: Mangonia Park, Florida

paragraphs: Mangonia Park is a town in Palm Beach County, Florida, United States. It is a part of Uptown West Palm, which also includes Riviera Beach & West Palm Beach. As of 2004, 1,289 lived there.


title: Palm Beach, Florida

paragraphs: The Town of Palm Beach is an incorporated town in Palm Beach County, Florida, United States. The Intracoastal Waterway separates it from the cities of West Palm Beach and Lake Worth. As of 2004, 9,860 people lived there.

paragraphs: Palm Beach began as a resort town when Henry Morrison Flagler, a founder of Standard Oil, built the Florida East Coast Railway down the coast of Florida. In the center of the community, Flagler built two luxury resort hotels, the Royal Poinciana Hotel and The Breakers Hotel. West Palm Beach was built across Lake Worth as a service town, and is now a major city.

paragraphs: Flagler's land for houses was bought by people active in the Gilded Age, and in 1902 Flagler himself built a Beaux-Arts mansion named Whitehall, designed by the New York–based firm Carrère and Hastings and helped start the Palm Beach winter "season" by entertaining visitors. The town was incorporated on April 17, 1911.

paragraphs: An area known as the Styx housed many of the servants, most of whom were black. The workers rented their small houses from the landowners. In the early 1900s the land owners agreed to evict all of the residents of the Styx (who moved to West Palm Beach) and Edward R. Bradley bought up much of this land.


title: Haverhill, Florida

paragraphs: Haverhill is a town in Palm Beach County, Florida, United States. As of 2004, 1,620 people lived there.


title: Glen Ridge, Florida

paragraphs: Glen Ridge is a town in Palm Beach County, Florida, United States. As of 2004, 276 people lived there.


title: Cloud Lake, Florida

paragraphs: Cloud Lake is a town in Palm Beach County, Florida, United States. 167 people lived there in 2000.


title: Palm Springs, Florida

paragraphs: Palm Springs is a village of Florida in the United States. As of 2004, 14,690 people lived there.


title: Homosociality

paragraphs: Homosociality is a term used in sociology, which describes a same-sex relationship which is not romantic or sexual in nature. These relationships might be called friendships, mentorships, or other. Heterosociality is the opposite. It means that one prefers socializing with members of the opposite sex without bringing romance or sex into the relationship. Eve Sedgwick made the term popular in her discussion of male homosocial desire, but Jean Lipman-Blumen had defined homosociality in 1976 as a preference for members of one's own sex.

paragraphs: For example, a close relationship between two men (such as George and Lennie in "Of Mice and Men" (and indeed most of the characters in that book) would be a homosocial relationship. It can apply to single sex schools, prisons, monasteries, but also to simple friendships.

paragraphs: The relationship "can" be a sexual one, but a homosocial relationship can occur between homosexuals, heterosexuals or both.

paragraphs: It is often used to describe the all-male world of medieval knights, or sailors. While it can apply to both men or women, it is most commonly used to refer to men.

paragraphs: Rose surveyed males and females between the ages of 20 and 28. Rose asked men and women about how they felt about same and cross-sex friendships. Both men and women preferred same sex friendships. Both men and women said that cross-sex relationships were less helpful, and less loyal than same-sex friendships. Friendship formation was found to be different between cross-sex and same-sex relationships as well.

paragraphs: Depending on the culture, and family and social stuctures, same-sex preferences have been found to develop between 3 and 9 years old. (LaFreniere, Strayer,& Gauthier, 1984; Jacklin& Maccoby, 1978; Harkness & Super, 1985) LaFreniere, Strayer, and Gauthier (1984) conducted a three year long study observing fifteen peer groups between the ages of 1 to 6 years old, with 98 boys and 93 girls. As they looked into sex-segregation in childhood, the researchers found that segregation rose with age and that most Western children exihibit these preferences around 3–4 years old. However, in a study by Harkenss and Super, Kenyan children do not have sex-preference in playmates until the ages of 6 to 9 years old. Researchers observed 152 Kenyan children in rural settings and found that this change didn’t occur until parental expectations and customary duties increased. “Just when and how such gender segration appears, is the joint product of the individual and the culturally constructed niche” (Harkness & Super, 1985).

paragraphs: The social bias towards members of one’s own sex can develop early in children. Specifically, studies have found that by the early age of 3 or 4, children prefer members of their own sex to members of the opposite sex (Bussey & Bandura, 1992). That is, young girls favor other females (girls and women) over males (boys and men). The findings are identical for young boys. Also, Carol Martin (1989) found that boys 4.5 years of age expressed significantly more dislike for a girl depicted as a “tomboy” than a boy depicted as a “sissy”; whereas boys 8.5 years of age express more dislike for a boy depicted as a “sissy”. This age difference suggests that children as young as 4 prefer their own sex regardless of gender-incongruent behavior. Around the age of 8 however, boys begin to show males—devaluing feminine behavior. It has also been shown that children ages 10–12 prefer same-sex socializing. That is, girls favored girls who socialized with other girls and boys liked boys who socialized with other boys.

paragraphs: Homosociality, by definition, implies neither heterosexuality nor homosexuality. For example, a heterosexual male who prefers to socialize with men may be considered a homosocial heterosexual. The term is often used by feminists to emphasize aspects of solidarity between males. Feminists also identify a close link between female homosociality, feminism and lesbian desire, with Audre Lorde stating "the true feminist deals out of a lesbian consciousness whether or not she ever sleeps with women."


title: 1971 Atlantic hurricane season

paragraphs: The 1971 Atlantic hurricane season was from June 1, 1971 to November 30, 1971. The strongest storm of the season was Hurricane Edith which was a storm to remember from 1971.

paragraphs: This list is names set aside for 1971. Names that were not used are marked in .


title: Argument from nonbelief

paragraphs: The Argument from nonbelief is a philosophical argument that says that God probably does not exist. If God did exist, and wanted humans to know it, he would show himself, or make it otherwise clear to all that he existed. Since he has not yet done so, he probably does not exist.


title: Nociceptive trigeminal inhibition tension suppression system

paragraphs: The nociceptive trigeminal inhibition tension suppression system (NTI-TSS or NTI-split) is a small splint placed in the front part of the mouth on the upper or lower front teeth in order to protect teeth. It reduces wear on the teeth caused by someone clenching and grinding their teeth. By reducing this, it is claimed to prevent headaches.


title: Ministry of National Defense (Romania)

paragraphs: The Ministry of National Defense () is one of the 19 of the Government of Romania. The current Minister of Defense is Mihnea Motoc, who is a member of the Democratic Liberal Party.


paragraphs: The United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs is the head of the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, the department in charge of taking care of the affairs of war veterans. The Secretary is a member of the Cabinet and second to last at 17th in the line of succession to the presidency (the position was last until the United States Department of Homeland Security was added in 2006). To date, all appointees and acting appointees to the post have been United States military veterans, but that is not a requirement to fill the position.

paragraphs: When the position of Secretary is vacant, the United States Deputy Secretary of Veterans Affairs or another person picked by the President serves as Acting Secretary until the President picks and the United States Senate confirms a new Secretary.

paragraphs: On December 8, 2008, President Barack Obama announced that he would pick retired army General Eric Shinseki to be the Secretary of Veterans Affairs. He was unanimously confirmed by the United States Senate on January 20, 2009. General Shinseki resigned as Secretary of Veterans Affairs on May 30, 2014, making deputy secretary Sloan Gibson the acting secretary. On June 29, 2014, former Procter & Gamble CEO Robert A. McDonald was nominated by Barack Obama as the next secretary.

paragraphs: In May 2018, President Donald Trump nominated then-"acting" Secretary Robert Wilkie to serve the full position. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on July 23, 2018.

paragraphs: West served as acting Secretary from January 2, 1998 to May 5, 1998.


title: Girls' Generation

paragraphs: Girls' Generation (Hangul: 소녀시대; Hanja: 少女時代) is a pop group made up of nine members that was formed by SM Entertainment in 2007. Girls' Generation members are Yoona, Tiffany, Yuri, Hyoyeon, Sooyoung, Seohyun, Taeyeon (who is the group's leader), and Sunny. Jessica was a member, but in 2014, she left the group. Fans usually call the group SNSD, which is a short-form of the group's Korean name, So Nyeo Shi Dae (or So Nyuh Shi Dae). Their fans are called "S♡NE" (소원), and is pronounced as "So-won", which means "wish" in Korean.

paragraphs: Each member of the group was trained in singing and dancing before their debut, while some others were trained in acting and modelling. Some girls had already appeared in television advertisements, music videos of other music groups and acted in dramas as well, before Girls' Generation started.

paragraphs: Girls' Generation first performed on M.net "M! Countdown" in July 2007. Even though their performances were never played on television, videos of their performances were posted on the Internet. The girls performed "Into the New World"(), which became their single. "M.Net's Girls Go To School" was filmed during this time, to show how the girls made their debut. The show ended after 9 episodes, when they finally appeared on another show, "School of Rock".

paragraphs: In August 2007, the single "Into the New World" was released. This single included two other songs, "Beginning" and "Perfect for You" (), later renamed as Honey for their debut album "Girls' Generation". An instrumental of "Into the New World" was also put in the album.

paragraphs: After the single was released, the group started to promote it. Girls' Generation performed their single on SBS's "Inkigayo", MBC's "Show! Music Core", and on KBS's "Music Bank".

paragraphs: After a short break, the group's first full album was released in late autumn 2007, with the lead single "Girls' Generation" (), a cover of Lee Seung-Chul ()'s hit song in the 1980s. Promotion for the single started in early November. "Girls' Generation" was became popular, and the album has sold 121,143 copies to date, placing 8th in the year-end charts. In early 2008, Girls' Generation began promoting their third single, "Kissing You". The music video featured Donghae from Super Junior. This song achieved the #1 spot in the three main TV music rankings—SBS "Inkigayo", M.net "M.Countdown!" and KBS "Music Bank".

paragraphs: In March 2008, the album was re-released and re-titled "Baby Baby". A third single, "Baby Baby", was used to promote the album. A digital EP featuring Jessica, Tiffany, and Seohyun was released on April 2008, titled "Roommate". The single from the mini-album is "Oppa Nappa" (, lit."Bad Brother", although contextually it refers to an older male friend).

paragraphs: Girls' Generation, along with fellow artists such as BoA, TVXQ, Super Junior, CSJH the Grace, Zhang Liyin, SHINee, and other SM artists participated in SM Town Live '08. The tour went on to South Korea, Thailand, and China.

paragraphs: In 2008, M.net announced that the group would be starring in a reality TV show called "Factory Girl", in which the girls work as interns at fashion megazine ""Elle"", writing articles for the magazine.

paragraphs: During their break from music, they appeared in many television advertisements for MapleStory and Mabinogi.

paragraphs: Later, it was announced that the group's first mini-album, "Gee", would be released in January 2009.

paragraphs: A teaser video was released in January 2009 and the first single "Gee" was released soon after. People became interested in the song rose after the digital release, and the song became #1 Cyworld's hourly music chart on the release day. The song also went #1 on all major digital music charts within two days.

paragraphs: The group began to promote the album in January 2009 on MBC "Show! Music Core". They sang their new single, "Gee", and "Him Nae/Way To Go", another track from the Gee mini-album. This song is a remake of the song "Haptic Motion" that was used in cellphone advertisements and is a mix of bubblegum pop and punk rock. However, the group did not appear on KBS's "Music Bank" with "Gee", even after winning #1 on the music chart show.

paragraphs: "Gee" is the record holder for the longest-running #1 on music portal M.net (for 8 weeks), surpassing the previous record of 6 weeks set by the Wonder Girls' "Nobody".

paragraphs: They also broke the record on KBS's music show "Music Bank" by being #1 for 9 consecutive weeks, previously set by Jewelry's "One More Time", which had 7 wins. They won the award for best-selling song for the first half of 2009 for "Gee". The group stopped promoting the song at the end of March 2009.

paragraphs: After a short break, SM Entertainment announced that the girls would be back with a new single and showing a "Marine Girl" concept; the song, titled "Sowoneul Malhaebwa (Genie)" (, lit. "Tell Me Your Wish"), the mini album was released digitally on June 22, 2009. The mini-album includes a duet between Jessica and Shinee member Onew called "One Year Later". During the group's promotion, the girls would be seen wearing marine uniforms as part of the album's concept.

paragraphs: On May 3, 2009, Girls Generation starred in their new reality show "SNSD Horror Movie factory", with the premier episode receiving a viewership rating of 3.3%. The show was then cancelled after 6 episodes due to low ratings from the public.

paragraphs: From June 23 to November 17, 2009, Girls' Generation starred in a Cable TV program called "Girls' Generation's Hello Baby" of KBS Joy, where they are taking care of a child and somewhat experience how motherhood is like. In that show, they take care of a boy name "Cho Kyungsan" (), and each week they (or fathers, male guests who come out from time to time) select "The Best Mom" and "the Worst Mom" among the members according to their work for the day. The show ended after 22 episodes.

paragraphs: On June 26, 2009, Girls' Generation's comeback performance was recorded on KBS's "Music Bank". The group then had their return performances on MBC's "Music Core" and SBS's "Inkigayo" on June 27 and 28, 2009. Girls' Generation's 2nd mini-album "Genie" was released on June 29, 2009.

paragraphs: "Sowoneul Malhaebwa (Genie)" won its first #1 spot at the July 10, 2009 episode of KBS "Music Bank". Their second award was claimed at the July 12, 2009 episode of SBS "Inkigayo". The group finished promotions for "Sowoneul Malhaebwa (Genie)" in August 2009.

paragraphs: On January 23, 2010, the group released a teaser of their new single "Oh!". This was a precursor to their upcoming album "Oh!", a full album to be released on 28 January, 2010. The concept of the new album channels cheerleading.

paragraphs: On March 17, 2010, a re-packaged version of the album was released, featuring a "Dark" concept for the girls. The lead single, entitled Run Devil Run, was released one day before its music video.

paragraphs: On August 25, the group held their first showcase in Tokyo Ariake Colliseum and on September 7th, Girls' Generation released their debut Japanese single, "GENIE", followed by "GEE" on October 20th.

paragraphs: On October 27, 2010, the girls released their third mini album, "Hoot" (훗). The music video for "Hoot" was released the next day, and on the 29th, they had their comeback performance on Music Bank.

paragraphs: By the end of the year, Girls' Generation had won various awards, including the prestigious "Disk Daesang Award" at the Golden Disk Awards. They became the first female group to win both the Daesang and Digital Daesang (which they won in 2009). At the "Melon Music Awards", Girls' Generation won Best Dressed Singer award, Hot Trend Song award for their latest song, "Hoot", as well as the Artist of the Year award. This was the 2nd year in a row that they won the Artist of the Year award. They also got first in the Hanteo annual Singer Award chart for 2010. Girls' Generation was also named "Artist of the Year" by Dosirak, Soribada, Korea Gallup, Hanteo and Sport Korea.

paragraphs: In January, Girls' Generation released a song for Intel, called "Visual Dreams".

paragraphs: On January 20, at the 20th Seoul Music Awards, the group received an Artist of the Year award, a Bonsang prize, a Popularity award and a Hallyu award. By winning all of these, Girls' Generation became one of four artists in Korean music history (the others being Seo Taiji, Jo Sungmo and H.O.T.) to win two consecutive Artist of the Year awards at the Seoul Music Awards, they are the only girl group to receive Artist of the Year awards for Seoul Music Awards, Melon Music Awards and Golden Disk Awards for two years in a row.

paragraphs: On April 9, the Japanese music video of Run Devil Run was released. Girls' Generation fully released their third Japanese single, "Mr. Taxi/Run Devil Run", on April 27.

paragraphs: On June 1st, 2011, they released their first Japanese studio album Girls' Generation. This album has 12 songs including the singles "Genie", “Gee”, "Run Devil Run", "Mr. Taxi" and a Japanese version of "Hoot". The album's sales surpassed 100,000 within only two days after release, breaking fellow Korean girl group Kara's record, Kara having surpassed sales of 100,000 in Japan in 2010 after a week with their first original Japanese studio album Girl's Talk. [82]

paragraphs: On September 30, 2014, Jessica announced that she had been forced out of Girls' Generation by SM and the other 8 members.

paragraphs: In August 18 and 19, Girls' Generation released their fifth album, "Lion Heart".

paragraphs: In August 2017, SNSD released "Holiday Night" to celebrate their 10th anniversary.

paragraphs: On October 10, 2017, Seohyun, Sooyung, and Tiffany left SM Entertainment to pursue new careers. They still remain members of Girls' Generation.


title: Basilosaurus

paragraphs: Basilosaurus is a genus of cetacean that lived from 40 to 34 million years ago in the Late Eocene. The first "Basilosaurus" fossils were found in Louisiana, USA, but another species was soon discovered preserved in large numbers in the Fayum deposits of Egypt.

paragraphs: The first fossil of "B. cetoides" was discovered in the United States and was initially believed to be some sort of reptile, hence the suffix -"saurus", but it was later found to be a marine mammal. Richard Owen wanted to rename the creature Zeuglodon ("yoked tooth"), but by taxonomic rules the creature's first name remained permanent. Fossils of "B. isis" have been found in Egypt and Jordan.

paragraphs: Far from being a marine reptile, "Basilosaurus" is a stage in the evolution of whales. At 15–20 m (49–66 ft), "Basilosaurus" was one of the largest oceanic animals of its time. Basilosaurus went extinct during the Eocene Extinction.


title: Eric Shinseki

paragraphs: Eric Ken Shinseki (born November 28, 1942) is a retired United States Army four-star general who was serving as the 7th United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs. His last U.S. Army position was as the 34th Chief of Staff of the Army (1999-2003).


title: Pakicetus

paragraphs: Pakicetus is a genus of extinct cetaceans found in the early Eocene of Pakistan 55.8 ± 0.2 - 33.9 ± 0.1 million years ago (mya). The strata where the fossils were found was then on the coast of the Tethys Sea.

paragraphs: The first fossil, a lone skull, was thought to be a mesonychid, but Gingerich and Russell recognized it as an early cetacean. It had characteristics of the inner ear which are found only in cetaceans: the large auditory bulla is formed from the ectotympanic bone only. This suggests that it is a transitional species between extinct land mammals and modern cetaceans.

paragraphs: Complete skeletons were discovered in 2001. "Pakicetus" was mainly a land animal, about the size of a wolf, and very similar in form to the related mesonychids.


title: Ed Derwinski

paragraphs: Edward Joseph Derwinski (born September 15, 1926; died January 15, 2012) was an American politician. He was the first Cabinet-level United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs, serving under President George H. W. Bush from March 15, 1989, to September 26, 1992. Before that, he was a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1959 to 1983, representing the south and southwest suburbs of Chicago.

paragraphs: Derwinski served in the United States Army in the Pacific Theater during World War II and in the postwar U.S. occupation of Japan. He graduated from Loyola University Chicago in 1951. He was a member of the Alpha Delta Gamma Fraternity. In 1957 he was elected to the Illinois House of Representatives, where he served one term before winning election to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1958. He served 12 terms as a Republican representative from the 4th District of Illinois, a suburban region south and west of Chicago, eventually becoming the ranking member of the House Foreign Relations Committee. He was also a delegate to the United Nations General Assembly from 1971-1972 and as chairman of the U.S. delegation to the Interparliamentary Union from 1970-1972 and 1978-1980.

paragraphs: A Democratic redistricting plan after the 1980 Census split up the 4th District, with only about 15% of its area remaining and added to various areas from other districts; Derwinski and Republican congressman George M. O'Brien were placed in the same district, and O'Brien won the 1982 primary on the strength of having more of his previous district included in the new change. After Derwinski's loss, President Ronald Reagan picked him to be Counselor to the State Department. In 1987, Reagan picked him to be Under Secretary of State for Security Assistance, Science and Technology, where he served until the end of Reagan's term. Not long after that, he was picked by George H.W. Bush to head the VA.

paragraphs: Derwinski lived in Glen Ellyn, Illinois with his wife, the former Bonita Hickey. He had two adult children from his first marriage to Patricia Derwinski, Maureen and Michael.


title: Metamorphism

paragraphs: Metamorphism, in geology, is the change of the structure, texture, or composition of rocks. (an aggregation of solid matter composed of one or more of the minerals forming the earth's crust).

paragraphs: The scientific study of rocks is called petrology.

paragraphs: Rocks are commonly divided, according to their origin, into three major classes—Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. They are caused by the effects of heat, deforming pressure, shearing stress, hot/chemically active fluids, or a combination of these. All of these changes occur while the rock remains essentially in the solid state. In theory, rocks are formed when the things surrounding them are in equilibrium with ambient physical conditions. If the conditions are changed by movements in the earth's crust or by igneous activity, metamorphism occurs to reestablish equilibrium and changes the physical character of the rock mass.


title: National Museum of Korea

paragraphs: National Museum of Korea(국립중앙박물관, 國立中央博物館) is a national museum in Yongsan District, Seoul. It was opened in Changgyeong Palace in 1909 and reopened in Yongsan District in 2005. It is not opened in January 1st and every Monday.


title: Embassy of Russia in Copenhagen

paragraphs: The Embassy of Russia in Copenhagen is the embassy of Russia to Denmark. The embassy building is located at Kristianiagade 5 in Indre Østerbro, Copenhagen. The building is heritage listed.

paragraphs: In 1897, Otto Mønsted, a Danish businessman and margarine magnate, purchased three pieces of land in Østerbro, Copenhagen and hired architect Vilhelm Dahlerup to design a villa. Dahlerup, who specialised in Italian Renaissance style design had previously designed the Hotel D’Angleterre, Jesus Church in Valby, National Gallery, Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, amongst others. Completed in 1899, the building of the mansion cost Mønsted half a million krone.

paragraphs: The entrance was decorated with a monogram with the initials AOM (for Anna-Otto-Mønsted). The Mønsteds kept a large staff in their mansion. Gardeners creating a large garden. In the garage Mønsted kept Copenhagen's most expensive car. The Mønsteds also bred Scottish hunting dogs and kept race horses in the barn.

paragraphs: In 1934 Anna Mønsted sold the mansion for 265,000 krone to Countess Musse Scheel. Scheel was a Danish actress and became the last private owner of the mansion. Scheel was an animal lover and was regarded as being eccentric. Scheel kept a hen house in the yard and sold eggs to her neighbours.

paragraphs: During the occupation of Denmark by Nazi Germany the mansion was the headquarters of the "Northern Society". The Northern Society promoted cultural co-operation between Nazi Germany and the Nordic countries.

paragraphs: In 1950, the Soviet Union signed a contract leasing the mansion for 20,000 krone per year. In 1982, the mansion, as well as Kristianiagade 3 (consulate) and Bergensgade 11 (embassy school), were granted to the Soviets, on the basis of reciprocity, free of charge for the purpose of embassy requirements for a period of 70 years, until 31 December 2051.

paragraphs: The building and garage are heritage listed buildings. The both were placed on the register of the Heritage Agency of Denmark on 3 December 1991.


title: Parthenogenesis

paragraphs: Parthenogenesis is a term in biology. It means "virgin birth". It is an asexual form of reproduction. Females lay eggs without fertilization by a male. Growth and development of embryos occurs with all genes inherited from the mother.

paragraphs: It occurs in both plants and animals and is much less common than sexual reproduction. It even occurs in vertebrates:there are over 80 species of unisex reptiles, amphibians and fishes in nature for which males are no longer a part of the reproductive process.

paragraphs: Some plants and animals can reproduce either sexually or asexually. A good example are the aphids, (e.g. greenfly) which multiply parthenogenetically during the height of summer, but turn to sexual reproduction as the weather gets worse. At different times of the year, they can be viviparous (live birth) or oviparous (eggs). During spring and summer, aphids usually produce live young (nymphs) parthenogenetically. These female aphids may or may not have wings. Males only appear in any number at the close of the season. Females then give birth sexually during autumn, laying eggs. Therefore aphids are said to undergo 'cyclical parthenogenesis'.

paragraphs: Another interesting fact is that there is a whole order of rotifers (the Bdelloid rotifers) where males have never been found. This is the largest taxonomic category to reproduce entirely by parthenogenesis.

paragraphs: Other types of asexual reproduction exist. Clones are produced by many Hydrozoa (for example, many corals). Colonies grow, not by laying eggs, but by budding off new individuals. Very similar is reproduction by splitting, common in several phyla such as echinoderms and sponges. These methods are not called parthenogenesis, because they do not work by females laying eggs.


title: Lawrence Durrell

paragraphs: Lawrence George Durrell (27 February 1912 – 7 November 1990) was an expatriate British novelist, poet, dramatist, and travel writer. He resisted affiliation with Britain and preferred to be considered cosmopolitan.


title: Georges Clemenceau

paragraphs: Georges Benjamin Clemenceau (September 28, 1841 – November 24, 1929) was a French statesman, physician, and journalist. He also helped Émile Zola defending Alfred Dreyfus against Dreyfus Affair.


title: Rikarudo Higa

paragraphs: Rikarudo Higa (born 4 May 1973) is a former Brazilian-Japanese football player.


title: Marcelo Mattos

paragraphs: Marcelo Mattos (born 10 February 1984) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Corinthians Paulista.


title: Hans Gillhaus

paragraphs: Hans Gillhaus (born 5 November 1963) is a former Dutch football player. He has played for Netherlands national team.


title: Ricardo Aparecido Tavares

paragraphs: Ricardo Aparecido Tavares (born 23 April 1987) is a Brazilian football player.


title: Emmanuel Eboué

paragraphs: Emmanuel Eboué (born 4 June 1983) is a Côte d'Ivoire football player. He plays for Arsenal and Côte d'Ivoire national team.


title: Sebastian Larsson

paragraphs: Sebastian Larsson (born 6 June 1985) is a Swedish football player. He plays for Birmingham City and Sweden national team.


title: Cowdenbeath F.C.

paragraphs: Cowdenbeath F.C. is a football club which plays in Scotland.


title: Adrian Năstase

paragraphs: Adrian Năstase (born June 22, 1950) is a Romanian politician who was the Prime Minister of Romania from December 2000 to December 2004.


title: Kingsnake

paragraphs: Kingsnakes are colubrid snakes. They are members of the genus "Lampropeltis", which include milk snakes and four other species. There are many subspecies, and experts differ on their classification. These snakes are mostly found in North America and Central America.

paragraphs: They use constriction to kill their prey. They prey on other snakes, including venomous snakes. They are immune to the venom. They also eat lizards, rodents, birds, and eggs.

paragraphs: Their colouration is an example of Batesian mimicry, because it is very similar to venomous coral snakes living in the same areas. This gives the kingsnakes protection from the birds which prey on them.


title: Mikhail Vasilyevich Alekseyev

paragraphs: Mikhail Vasiliyevich Alekseyev () (November 3, 1857 — September 25, 1918) was a Russian military leader before and during World War I, and one of the leaders of anti-Bolshevik forces in 1917-1918.


title: Nenad Maslovar

paragraphs: Nenad Maslovar (born 20 February 1967) is a former Montenegrin football player. He has played for Serbia national team.


title: Ha Seok-ju

paragraphs: Ha Seok-Ju (born 20 February 1968) is a South Korean professional athlete. He is best known as an association football player. He was a member of the Korean national team.


title: Alexandre Torres

paragraphs: Carlos Alexandre Torres (born 22 August 1966) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.


title: Luiz Carlos Guarnieri

paragraphs: Luiz Carlos Guarnieri (born 4 December 1971) is a former Brazilian football player.


title: Richard Witschge

paragraphs: Richard Witschge (born 20 September 1969) is a former Dutch football player. He has played for Netherlands national team.


title: Carlos Alberto Souza dos Santos

paragraphs: Carlos Alberto Souza dos Santos (born December 9, 1960) is a former Brazilian football player.


title: Philippe Senderos

paragraphs: Philippe Senderos (born 14 February 1985) is a Swiss football player. He plays for Everton and the Swiss national team.


title: Stanisław Wojciechowski

paragraphs: Stanislaw Wojciechowski was born on March 15, 1869 in Kalisz, and died near Warsaw on April 9, 1953 at the age of 84.


title: Aleksey Alekseyevich Brusilov

paragraphs: Aleksey Alekseyevich Brusilov (1853-1926) was a Russian general. He was a commander in World War I. He is most well known for his tactics used in what was later called the Brusilov Offensive of 1916. This is said to be one of the best military feats for the Russians during the war.


title: Jesse Brown

paragraphs: Jesse Brown (March 27, 1944 – August 15, 2002) was the United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs under President Bill Clinton from 1993 to 1997.

paragraphs: Jesse Brown was born on March 27, 1944, in Detroit, Michigan, but grew up in Chicago. He attended The Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C. and Roosevelt University in Chicago, and graduated from the City Colleges of Chicago.

paragraphs: He joined in the United States Marine Corps in 1963, and served as a Marine in the Vietnam War, where he was seriously injured in 1965 near Da Nang – his right arm shattered and partially paralyzed.

paragraphs: In 1967, Brown joined the staff of Disabled American Veterans (DAV), a service and advocacy organization. He served in many different supervisory roles with the DAV in the 1970s and 1980s:

paragraphs: In 1989, Brown became the DAV's first African-American director, serving until 1993.

paragraphs: In January 1993, Brown was picked by President Bill Clinton to the position of Secretary of Veterans Affairs,

paragraphs: serving until 1997. He was the first African American to hold that post. During his time as Secretary, Brown offered more services to female veterans, homeless veterans and veterans who were sick because of chemical exposures in Vietnam or the Gulf War. After he resigned as Secretary, Brown founded a consulting firm, Brown and Associates.

paragraphs: Brown died in Warrenton, Virginia on August 15, 2002 of lower motor neuron syndrome – being diagnosed with Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, commonly known as "Lou Gehrig's Disease", since 1999. He is buried in Arlington National Cemetery.


title: Dryfe Water

paragraphs: The Dryfe Water is a river in Scotland about 18 miles in length which flows into the River Annan at , near Lockerbie. It starts at on the southern slopes of Loch Fell, near Moffat, and then flows along a narrow valley to the Annan.

paragraphs: Dryfe Water gives its name to the parish, Dryfesdale, and the common Scottish surname, Drysdale. A second name is the much less common surname Dryfe (or Drife). The meaning of the word Dryfe is unknown. It may be from the Norse, Anglo-Saxon or Brythonic languages which were all used at different times in Dumfriesshire.


title: Togo D. West, Jr.

paragraphs: Togo Dennis West Jr. (June 21, 1942 – March 8, 2018) was an attorney and public official who was the third United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs. He was picked by President Bill Clinton on January 27, 1998, during Clinton's second term, and was confirmed by the United States Senate on May 5, 1998. Before that, he had served as United States Secretary of the Army under Clinton, from 1993 to 1997. He was the second African American to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs.

paragraphs: West was born in Winston-Salem, North Carolina; there, he became an Eagle Scout with Bronze Palms, and attended Atkins High School (where his parents were teachers), graduating as valedictorian in 1959. After that, he entered Howard University, getting a Bachelor of Science degree in engineering in 1965, and a Juris Doctor in 1968, receiving "cum laude" honors and graduating first in his class. While a freshman at Howard University, he became a member of Alpha Phi Omega fraternity. West is also a member of the Kappa Psi chapter of Omega Psi Phi fraternity. While a student at the Howard University School of Law, West became the managing editor for the "Howard Law Journal"; he also met Gail Berry, who became his wife. The Wests later had two daughters.

paragraphs: A member of St. John's Episcopal Church, Lafayette Square, he served as a vestryman and Senior Warden.

paragraphs: He has been named a Distinguished Eagle Scout by the Boy Scouts of America and was awarded the Silver Buffalo Award for his national contributions to America’s youth. He is the President of the National Capital Area Council of the Boy Scouts of America.

paragraphs: After completing law school and clerking for a federal judge, West entered the United States Army and served in the Judge Advocate General's Corps. From his military service, he earned the Legion of Merit and the Meritorious Service Medal. He subsequently practiced law at the firm of Covington & Burling before being appointed an associate deputy attorney general in the administration of President Gerald Ford. Then, West held several posts in the administration of Jimmy Carter: general counsel to the Navy (1977-1979), special assistant to the secretary and to the deputy secretary of defense (1979), and general counsel to the Department of Defense (1980-1981). As the Secretary of the Army, West commented on the Aberdeen scandal, which prompted stricter enforcement and investigation into the Army's sexual harassment policies.

paragraphs: West returned to private practice in 1981 with the firm of Patterson Belknap Webb & Tyler and later worked as senior vice president for government relations of the Northrop Corporation until he became a member of the Clinton administration.

paragraphs: Since leaving the government, West has worked as a lawyer and has served as president of the Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies, a Washington-based think tank that works on issues that are important to minorities. He is also a strong supporter of and past board member of the Mount Vernon preservation society.

paragraphs: West, Jr. died of a heart attack on March 8, 2018 at the age of 75, while on a cruise traveling between Barbados and Puerto Rico.


title: Anton Ivanovich Denikin

paragraphs: Anton Ivanovich Denikin (Анто́н Ива́нович Дени́кин; December 16, 1872 – August 8, 1947) was Lieutenant General of the Imperial Russian Army (1916) and one of the foremost generals of the White Russians in the civil war.


title: Sea of Azov

paragraphs: The Sea of Azov ( - "Azovskoye more"; - "Ozivs'ke "or" Azovs'ke more") is the world's shallowest sea, linked by the Strait of Kerch to the Black Sea to the south. It is bounded on the north by Ukraine, on the east by Russia and on the west by the Crimean peninsula. The Don River flows into it.


title: Bellingshausen Sea

paragraphs: The Bellingshausen Sea is an area along the west side of the Antarctic Peninsula, between Alexander Island and Thurston Island. It takes its name from Admiral Thaddeus Bellingshausen, who explored in the area in 1821.


title: Flathead Lake

paragraphs: Flathead Lake is a lake in Montana. It covers .


title: James Peake

paragraphs: James Benjamin Peake (born June 18, 1944) was United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs from 2007 to 2009. In 2004, he retired after 42 years in the United States Army. He also served as the 40th Surgeon General of the United States Army.

paragraphs: Peake was born in Saint Louis, Missouri. Peake grew up in a US military family. His father joined the Army as an enlisted man, and became an officer who spent most of his 30-year career in the Medical Service Corps. Dr. Peake's mother was an Army nurse, and his brother was a naval aviator.

paragraphs: At the age of 18, he joined the Army when he was accepted to West Point. Peake received his Bachelor of Science degree from U.S. Military Academy at West Point in 1966 and was commissioned a second lieutenant in the U.S. Army Infantry. Following service in Vietnam with the 101st Airborne Division where he was awarded the Silver Star, a Bronze Star with “V” device and the Purple Heart with oak leaf cluster, Peake entered medical school at Cornell University in New York. He was awarded a medical doctorate in 1972. He retired from the Army in 2004, as a Lieutenant General.

paragraphs: Peake served for four years as the United States Army Surgeon General. He also served as commander of several Army medical units. Key assignments include Commander, U.S. Army Medical Department Center and School and Installation Commander, Fort Sam Houston, Texas; Deputy Commander, U.S. Army Medical Command, Fort Sam Houston, Texas; Commanding General, Madigan Army Medical Center/Northwest Health Service Support Activity, Tacoma, Washington; Commanding General, 44th Medical Brigade/Corps Surgeon, XVIII Airborne Corps, Fort Bragg, North Carolina; Deputy Director, Professional Services/Chief, Consultant, Office of the Surgeon General, Falls Church, Virginia; Commander, 18th Medical Command and 121st Evacuation Hospital/Command Surgeon, Seoul, Korea; Deputy Commander for Clinical Services, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii; Assistant Chief, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas; Staff General Surgeon/Chief, General Surgery Clinic, DeWitt Army Hospital, Fort Belvoir, Va.; and General Surgery Resident, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas.

paragraphs: Awards and decorations that Lt. Gen. Peake has received include the Distinguished Service Medal, Silver Star, Defense Superior Service Medal, Legion of Merit (with three oak leaf clusters), Bronze Star with "V" device (with one oak leaf cluster), Purple Heart (with one oak leaf cluster), Meritorious Service Medal (with two oak leaf clusters), Air Medal, Joint Services Commendation Medal, Army Commendation Medal with "V" device (with one oak leaf cluster), Humanitarian Service Medal, the Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal, Combat Infantryman Badge, Navy Meritorious Unit Commendation, Joint Meritorious Unit Award (with one oak leaf cluster), Senior Parachutist Badge, Pathfinder Badge, Ranger Tab, Combat Medic Badge and Army Staff Identification Badge. After Vietnam, he attended Cornell University's Weill Cornell Medical College. He is also a graduate of the United States Army War College, in 1988.

paragraphs: After retiring from the Army, Dr. Peake served as Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of Project Hope, a non-profit international health foundation operating in more than 30 countries. While at Project HOPE he helped to supervise the use of civilian volunteers aboard the Navy Hospital Ship Mercy as it responded to the Tsunami disaster in Indonesia and also as part of the Hurricane Katrina response aboard the Hospital Ship Comfort.

paragraphs: Just before to his nomination as Secretary of Veterans Affairs, Peake served as a member of the Board of Directors for QTC, one of the largest private providers of government-outsourced occupational health and disability examination services in the United States.

paragraphs: Peake's selection as VA secretary was announced on October 30, 2007. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on December 14, 2007 and sworn in at VA headquarters by Vice President Dick Cheney on December 20.


title: Neva River

paragraphs: The Neva River is a river in northwestern Russia. It is long. It flows into the Gulf of Finland. The city of Saint Petersburg is on its delta.


title: Kariba Dam

paragraphs: The Kariba Dam is a hydroelectric dam in the Kariba Gorge of the Zambezi river basin between Zambia and Zimbabwe. It is one of the largest dams in the world at 128 m high and 579 m long.


title: Antonio Villaraigosa

paragraphs: Antonio Ramon Villaraigosa (born Antonio Ramon Villar, Jr. on January 23, 1953) was the mayor of Los Angeles, California from 2005 to 2013. He was elected on May 17, 2005, defeating the mayor in office, James Hahn. He was then re-elected for a second term in 2009. Before his mayoral experience, Villaraigosa was the California State Assemblyman for the 45th District, the Speaker of the California State Assembly, and the Los Angeles City Councilman for the 14th District.

paragraphs: Before being elected to public office, Villaraigosa was a labor organizer. Villaraigosa served as a national co-chairman of Hillary Rodham Clinton's 2008 Presidential campaign, and as a member of President Barack Obama's Transition Economic Advisory Board. In 2013, he could not run for a third term because of term limits under California law. Eric Garcetti succeeded him on July 1, 2013.


title: Santa Monica Mountains

paragraphs: The Santa Monica Mountains are a group of mountains in southern California in the United States.

paragraphs: The range extends about 40 mi (64 km) east–west from the Hollywood Hills in Los Angeles to Point Mugu in Ventura County. The mountains form a line between the San Fernando Valley and the Los Angeles Basin, separating "the Valley" on the north and west-central Los Angeles on the south. The Santa Monica Mountains are parallel to Santa Susana Mountains, on the north side the San Fernando Valley. Beginning at the eastern end of the San Fernando Valley, the mountains are bordered to the north by the Los Angeles River. The river flows south after Elysian Park, defining the easternmost edge of the mountains. Mt. Washington, on the other side of the river, has almost the same native plants and weather.

paragraphs: Scientists who study rocks say that the northern Channel Islands are a westward extension of the Santa Monicas into the Pacific Ocean. The range was created by the Raymond Fault which made the rocks push up and sink down over time. This has made old volcano rock come to the surface. Malibu Creek cuts the mountain range in two.

paragraphs: The Santa Monica Mountains have dry, warm to humid summers and wet, mild to cool winters. In the summer, the weather is quite dry, which makes the range prone to wildfires. Snow is unusual in the Santa Monica Mountains, since they are not as high as the nearby San Gabriel Mountains.

paragraphs: On January 17, 2007, an unusually cold storm brought snow in the Santa Monica Mountains. Malibu picked up three inches (eight centimeters) of snow – the first measurable snow in five decades (50 years). Snow was reported on Boney Peak, in the winter of 2005; and in March 2006, snow also fell on the summit of the mountain.

paragraphs: The mountains have more than 1,000 places where people lived a long time ago, including many places where Tongva and Chumash people lived.

paragraphs: Cahuenga Pass, present-day site of U.S. Route 101, is the easiest pass through the range connecting the Los Angeles Basin to the San Fernando Valley. In the 1800s, two battles were fought there, and the Treaty of Cahuenga was signed nearby. In the heyday of Hollywood movie studios clustered on both sides of it. Sepulveda Pass is the main north–south pass to the west, connecting the Westside to Sherman Oaks via the San Diego Freeway (I-405). Farther west are Topanga Canyon Boulevard (SR 27), Malibu Canyon Road, and Kanan Dume Road. Mulholland Drive runs much of the length of the Santa Monica Mountains, from Cahuenga Pass to Woodland Hills while the Mulholland Highway runs from Woodland Hills to Sequit Point. The eastern end of the range, located in the City of Los Angeles, is more intensively developed than the western end of the range. The city of Malibu runs between the coast and the leading mountain ridge, from Topanga Canyon in the east to Leo Carrillo State Park in the west. The term Malibu Ozarks is sometimes used derogatorily (or ironically) for the unincorporated part of Malibu beyond the leading mountain ridge and lacking an ocean view; the term is often used synonymously with "818 Malibu" (referring to the less desirable San Fernando Valley telephone area code prefix).

paragraphs: Much of the mountains are located within the Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area. Preservation of lands within the region are managed in part by the Santa Monica Mountains Conservancy. Over twenty individual state and municipal parks are in the Santa Monica Mountains, including: Topanga State Park, Leo Carrillo State Park, Malibu Creek State Park, Point Mugu State Park, Will Rogers State Historic Park, Point Dume State Beach, Griffith Park, Marvin Braude Mulholland Gateway Park, Charmlee Wilderness Park, Runyon Canyon Park, and the Paramount Ranch.

paragraphs: Places along the north slope of the mountains include (from east to west):

paragraphs: Places along the south slope of the mountains include (from east to west):

paragraphs: The southwestern headwaters of the Los Angeles River are in the Santa Monica Mountains. The Los Angeles River also forms the northern boundary of the mountains from the easternmost part of the San Fernando Valley to Elysian Park, where the river turns south, thereby defining the easternmost part of the mountain range.

paragraphs: Griffith Park and finally Elysian Park are the eastern end of the Santa Monica Mountains. Griffith Park is separated from the rest of the Santa Monica Mountains to the west by the Cahuenga Pass, over which the 101 Freeway passes from the San Fernando Valley into Hollywood. Elysian Park is the easternmost part of the mountains and is bordered by the Los Angeles River to the east.

paragraphs: The Santa Monica Mountains are in the California chaparral and woodlands ecoregion and are covered by hundreds of local plant species, some of which are very rare, and others of which have become popular ornamentals. The range is host to an immense variety of wildlife, from mountain lions to the endangered steelhead. The mountain lion population within the Santa Monica Mountains (which includes the Simi Hills & Santa Susana Pass) is severely depleted with only seven known living adult individuals. The primary cause of the decline is due to a combination of traffic related mortality (three from the area were killed within a matter of months), anti-coagulants ingested from human-poisoned prey (two individuals within the Simi Hills) and attacks by other, more dominant mountain lions (an elder male, known as P1, killed both his son and his mate. This is thought to be due to a lack of space available.) Snakes are common but only occasionally seen – the Southern Pacific Rattlesnake (the only venomous species), Mountain Kingsnake, California Kingsnake, Gopher snake, and Garter snake.


title: Juan Crespi

paragraphs: Father Juan Crespí (March 1, 1721–January 1, 1782) was a Spanish priest who explored what is now the state of California. He entered the Franciscan order at the age of seventeen. He came to America in 1749, and joined Francisco Palóu and Junípero Serra in exploring. In 1767 he went to the Baja Peninsula and was placed in charge of the Misión La Purísima Concepción de Cadegomó. In 1769 he joined the Portola expedition of Gaspar de Portolà and traveled by land, while Father Serra went by boat and got there 8 days later to occupy Monterey; he was the first to write about Franciscan friars meeting with people who already lived there. Later, he went through the area known today as Ventura County, in January and Orange County on July 22 of that year. He was priest of the expedition to the North Pacific led by Juan José Pérez Hernández in 1774. His diaries, first published in H. E. Bolton's "Fray Juan Crespi" (1927, repr. 1971), and published in the original Spanish with facing page translations as "A Description of Distant Roads: Original Journals of the First Expedition into California, 1796-1770" (2001) provided valuable records of these expeditions. One chapel he built, at the Misión San Francisco del Valle de Tilaco in Landa, is reported as still standing.


title: Find a Grave

paragraphs: Find A Grave is a website that has a database of cemetery records.

paragraphs: It was started by Jim Tipton, in 1995 to help people who wanted to visit the graves of famous people. After some time, an online forum was created on the site. The site claims to have over 121 million burial records from all over the world.

paragraphs: The site's FAQ says they hope to list all the burial places of everyone in the world.

paragraphs: The website has lists of cemeteries and graves from all around the world. The American cemeteries are organized by state and county, and many records contain Google Maps and photographs of the cemeteries. Each grave record can contain: dates and places of birth and death, information about the person, cemetery and plot information, photographs (grave marker, the person, etc.), and information about who added it to Find A Grave.

paragraphs: Members can place on-line memorials for family and friends for no cost. Users can edit the memorials. Members may also request photos of graves which Find A Grave volunteers can add.


title: Jim Nicholson (U.S. politician)

paragraphs: Robert James "Jim" Nicholson (born February 4, 1938) is an attorney, real estate developer, and a former Republican Party chairman. He was the United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs from January 26, 2005 until October 1, 2007.

paragraphs: Nicholson has never held elected office, but has long been active in the Republican Party. In January 1986, he was elected committeeman from Colorado for the Republican National Committee (RNC). In 1993, he was elected Vice-Chairman of the RNC, and was the "surprise pick" for GOP national chairman in January 1997. He served in that position through the 2000 presidential election.

paragraphs: Between 2001 and his appointment to the position of Secretary of Veterans Affairs, he served as United States Ambassador to the Holy See (the Vatican).

paragraphs: Before becoming active in civilian government service, he worked as a lawyer in Denver, Colorado, specializing in real estate, municipal finance and zoning law. In 1978 he founded Nicholson Enterprises, Inc., a developer of planned residential communities, and in 1987 he bought Renaissance Homes, a custom-house builder. He now works in the Washington, D.C. office of Brownstein Hyatt Farber & Schreck LLP.

paragraphs: He is a 1961 graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York and served eight years in active duty. He was a paratrooper and Ranger-qualified Army officer. He fought in the Vietnam War, where he earned the Bronze Star, Combat Infantryman Badge, the Meritorious Service Medal, Republic of Vietnam Cross of Gallantry and two Air Medals.

paragraphs: After thirty years of working in the Army, he retired in 1991 with the rank of Colonel.

paragraphs: Nicholson was born on a farm near Struble, Iowa. Nicholson has described his childhood as "growing up dirt poor in a tenant house without plumbing and sometimes without food". His brother is Vietnam War general John W. Nicholson.

paragraphs: Nicholson has a Master's degree in Public Policy from Columbia University. He received a law degree from the University of Denver in 1972. In May 2005, he was given the Distinguished Graduate of the U.S. Military Academy Award.

paragraphs: Nicholson is married to the former Suzanne Marie Ferrell of Highland Falls, New York, who is an artist. They are the parents of three adult children.


title: Anthony Principi

paragraphs: Anthony Joseph Principi (born April 16, 1944) was the 4th United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs. He was picked by President George W. Bush on January 23, 2001, and resigned on January 26, 2005. He is a lobbyist for Pfizer and chairman of QTC Management, a company that works on contracts for the Veterans Affairs Department.

paragraphs: Principi is a 1967 graduate of the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland, and first saw active duty aboard the destroyer "USS Joseph P. Kennedy". He later served in the Vietnam War, commanding a River Patrol Unit in the Mekong Delta.

paragraphs: Principi earned his Juris Doctor degree from Seton Hall in 1975 and was assigned to the United States Navy's Judge Advocate General Corps in San Diego, California. In 1980, he was transferred to Washington as a legislative counsel for the Department of the Navy.

paragraphs: Principi has worked on national policy issues and has held several executive-level positions in federal government throughout his career. He chaired the Federal Quality Institute in 1991, and was chairman of the Commission on Servicemembers and Veterans Transition Assistance established by Congress in 1996.

paragraphs: Principi served as Deputy Secretary of Veterans Affairs, VA's second-highest executive position, from March 17, 1989, to September 26, 1992, when he was picked Acting Secretary of Veterans Affairs by President George H. W. Bush. He served in that position until January 1993. After that, he served as Republican chief counsel and staff director of the United States Senate Committee on Armed Services.

paragraphs: From 1984 to 1988, he served as Republican chief counsel and staff director of the Senate Committee on Veterans' Affairs. He was the Veterans Administration's assistant deputy administrator for congressional and public affairs from 1983 to 1984, following three years as counsel to the chairman of the Senate Armed Services Committee.


title: Entelodont

paragraphs: Entelodonts were a family family of pig-like omnivores widespread in forests of North America, Europe, and Asia.

paragraphs: They flourished for about 20+ million years from the middle Eocene to the early Miocene epochs.

paragraphs: It is thought that they included omnivores, carnivores and scavengers.


title: Abou Diaby

paragraphs: Abou Diaby (born 11 May 1986) is a French football player. He plays for Arsenal.


title: Tranquillo Barnetta

paragraphs: Tranquillo Barnetta (born 22 May 1985) is a Swiss football player. He plays for Bayer Leverkusen and Switzerland national team.


title: Cha-cha-cha

paragraphs: Cha-cha-cha is the name of a Latin American music and dance, of Cuban origin. It is dance music introduced by Cuban composer and violinist Enrique Jorrín in 1953. The rhythm was developed from a previous dance, the danzón, by a split fourth beat. The name is derived from the shuffling of the dancers' feet.

paragraphs: Many consider the "Orquesta Aragón" and the orchestra of José Fajardo to have been particularly influential in the development of the cha-cha-cha. Outside Cuba, the big bands of Tito Puente (in New York), and Pérez Prado (in Mexico City and California) introduced the Cha-cha-cha to a much wider audience.

paragraphs: Musically, the Cha-cha-cha was perhaps not a great innovation. However, it became hugely popular because people found it easy to dance to. Monsieur Pierre and his colleagues went to Cuba in the early 1950s to study it. They came back to London and codified the dance (sorted it out and wrote it down). It became a standard dance in Latin American ballroom dancing. It is one of the five Latin dances in international competitions governed by the World Dance Council. Today it is still popular as a dance, and is still danced in Cuba.


title: Parlour

paragraphs: Parlour (or parlor), comes from the French word "parloir", from "parler", which means "to speak". The parlour is a room in a house where people could meet. In Turkey it is called a kiosk. The Bible (Judges 3:20), talks about the "summer parlour", a small room built on the roof of the house, with open windows to catch the breeze. It has a door to the outside by which visitors can enter.

paragraphs: In parts of Great Britain and the United States, parlour is a common name for certain types of restaurants such as "ice cream parlour" and "pizza parlour". There are also "Beer parlors", wine parlors, or, in at least one case, a "spaghetti parlor." The word "parlour" has even been used to describe a coffee shop as the "coffee parlor." It can also mean a special service business, such as a tattoo parlour.

paragraphs: The "inner parlours" in 1 Chronicles 28:11 in the Bible were the small rooms or chambers which Solomon built all round two sides and one end of the Temple (1 Kings 6:5). Some people think the inner parlours may have been the porch and the holy place.

paragraphs: In medieval Christian usage, the parlour was one of two rooms in a monastery. The 'outer parlour' was the room where the monks or nuns could meet a visitor and do business with people from outside the monastery. It was generally in the west range of the buildings of the cloister, close to the main entrance. The 'inner parlour' was found off the cloister, next to the chapter house in the east range of the monastery. Most religious orders wanted silence in the cloister, which was the place where the monks studied. The inner parlour was a place where the monks could talk without disturbing the others in the cloister.

paragraphs: In modern use, the parlour is a formal "sitting room" in a large house or mansion. In the late 19th century, it was often a formal room used only on Sundays or special occasions, and closed during the week. The family kept their best furniture, works of art and other things on display in the parlour. The body of someone who died would be put on show in the parlour while funeral was being organized. During the 20th century, architects and decorators have changed the use of the room. In most homes the parlour has been replaced by the living room.


title: Celluloid

paragraphs: Celluloid is the name of a group of compounds made from nitrocellulose and camphor, plus dyes and other agents. It was the first thermoplastic. It was first called Parkesine in 1856, then Xylonite in 1869 and then "Celluloid" in 1870. Celluloid is easily molded and shaped.

paragraphs: It was first widely used as an ivory replacement, in billiard balls for example. In the early 20th century it was used in most photographic film. Celluloid catches fire very easily and also easily breaks down, and is no longer widely used. Its most common uses today are for making table tennis balls and guitar picks.


title: Kingdom Hearts

paragraphs: Kingdom Hearts is a series of console role-playing games made by Square Enix. It follows Sora and his friends travelling through universes for Disney, "Final Fantasy" and "The World Ends with You". Seven games were released in the series, including "Kingdom Hearts", "", "Kingdom Hearts II", "Kingdom Hearts coded", "Kingdom Hearts 358/2 Days", "Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep", "" and "Kingdom Hearts III". The reissues for the rest of each games were released on PlayStation 3 and PlayStation 4.

paragraphs: "Kingdom Hearts" is the first game of the series for the PlayStation 2. It was released in Japan on March 28, 2002 and in North America on September 17, 2002.

paragraphs: In the game, Sora, Riku and Kairi end up going separate ways, when their island is invaded by Heartless (monsters who steal people's hearts). Sora wields a Keyblade, teams up Donald Duck and Goofy, and travel around the universe for each worlds, including "Alice in Wonderland", "The Little Mermaid" and "The Nightmare Before Christmas". Sora learns that Riku is possessed by Ansem, the creator of Heartless, who unsuccessfully kidnap seven Princesses of Heart (including Kairi), in order to reveal the Keyhole. While Kairi stays at Destiny Islands, Riku and Mickey Mouse are trapped in the Realm of Darkness, and Sora seals the door to prevent Ansem from using it.

paragraphs: "Kingdom Hearts Final Mix" is a reissue of the game that was released only in Japan on December 26, 2002. It has more features than the original, including a battle with the Unknown Man, who later appeared in "Kingdom Hearts II".

paragraphs: "" is the second game in the series for Game Boy Advance. It was released in Japan on November 11, 2004 and in North America on December 7, 2004. In the game, Sora arrives at Castle Oblivion and visits each recreations of aforementioned worlds. Each are on different floors, and the old memory is replaced by a new ons. When Sora forgets Kairi, she is replaced by Naminé. Sora meets Organization XIII, the enemy group attempting to erase his memory. Naminé puts Sora to sleep, in order for him to restore all memories for the next year. While following the same path like Sora, Riku attempts to control his ego under Ansem's influence.

paragraphs: "" is a reissue of the game made for PlayStation 2. It has additional cutscenes and battles. It was released together with "Kingdom Hearts II Final Mix +" in Japan on March 29, 2007, and was released as a standalone title in North America on December 2, 2008.

paragraphs: "Kingdom Hearts II" is the third game of the series for PlayStation 2. It was released in Japan on December 22, 2005, in North America on March 28, 2006 and in Europe on September 29, 2006.

paragraphs: The game begins with Roxas, Hayner, Pence and Olette, living in Twilight Town and planning a summer vacation. As Roxas confronts Axel, Naminé and DiZ, Roxas realizes that the memory will change so he can become whole. Before disappearing, Roxas finds Sora in suspended animation. Sora, Donald and Goofy wake up, and resume their mission on finding Mickey and Riku. They meet the remaining members of Organization XIII and learn that they are beings called Nobodies. When a Heartless steals someone's heart, that person also becomes a Heartless, but if their heart is strong, it becomes a Nobody. Nobodies have no emotions, but want to have hearts again. Xemnas, the leader of Organization XIII, attempts to summon Kingdom Hearts, by defeating the Heartless to release the hearts they hold and allow the Nobodies to retrieve them. This is the reason the Organization wanted Sora to join them. It is later revealed that Roxas and Naminé are the Nobodies of Sora and Kairi, when they lost each hearts from the beginning. Xemnas is the Nobody of Xehanort and Ansem is Xehanort's Heartless. After defeating Xemnas, Sora and his friends return to Destiny Islands.

paragraphs: "Kingdom Hearts II Final Mix +" is a reissue of the game released only in Japan on March 29, 2007. It has more features, including new areas, battles and a secret ending.

paragraphs: "Kingdom Hearts coded" is the fourth game of the series for mobile phones. It was released in episodes with the first being released only in Japan on November 18, 2008. The game follows Mickey, Donald, Goofy and Jiminy Cricket, discovering a mysterious sentence in the journal and digitizing the contents to find the one responsible.

paragraphs: "" is a reissue of the game made for Nintendo DS. It was released in Japan on October 7, 2010, January 11, 2011 in North America, and on January 14, 2011 in Europe. It has additional scenes and a secret ending.

paragraphs: "Kingdom Hearts 358/2 Days" is a fifth game for the Nintendo DS. It was released in Japan on May 30, 2009, and in North America on September 29, 2009.

paragraphs: The game begins with Roxas working for Organization XIII. Xion, a Nobody created by the Organization and from Sora. After abandoning the organization, Roxas defeats Xion. The game uses wi-fi for other players to battle each other. Each of them can choose characters for battles.

paragraphs: "Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep" is the sixth game of the series for PlayStation Portable. It was released in Japan on January 9, 2010, and in North America on September 7, 2010. The game is set ten years before Sora begins his journey. It follows a shared path between Terra, Ventus and Aqua, the apprentices of Eraqus and Xehanort. They set out to stop Vanitas, the creator of Unversed.

paragraphs: "Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep Final Mix" is a reissue of the game was released only in Japan on January 20, 2011. It has content from the English version and new features, such as a playable Secret Episode and a hint at a possible "Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep -Volume Two-".