title: Wales Coast Path

paragraphs: The Wales Coast Path () is a long-distance footpath which follows the whole coastline of Wales. It opened on 5 May 2012. It is long, from Chepstow in the south to Queensferry in the north.

paragraphs: Wales is the first country in the world to build a footpath along its entire coastline. The Path runs through eleven National Nature Reserves and other nature reserves, including those managed by The Wildlife Trusts or Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB). Lonely Planet rated the coast of Wales first in its Best in Travel: top 10 regions for 2012.

paragraphs: The Wales Coast Path was opened on 5 May 2012, as the world's first coastal path to cover an entire country. It follows the Welsh coastline from Chepstow in the south east to near Queensferry in the north. It joined together some existing paths, such as the North Wales Path, the Anglesey Coastal Path and the Llŷn Coastal Path. The Pembrokeshire Coast Path is a National Trail. and in 2011 was voted by National Geographic magazine as the second-best coastal destination in the world.

paragraphs: The long path goes through different coastal areas. These include the mouth of the River Dee, the seaside towns of north Wales, the Menai Strait, the Isle of Anglesey, the Llŷn Peninsula, Cardigan Bay, miles of sand in the National Park in Pembrokeshire, Gower, Cardiff Bay, Cardiff, and Chepstow.

paragraphs: The whole path can be used by walkers. Some sections can also be used by cyclists, families with pushchairs, people with restricted mobility, and horse riders.

paragraphs: The Countryside Council for Wales (now Natural Resources Wales) set up the path, and each of 15 local government areas it passes through look after their own section. There were already five coastal paths, in Pembrokeshire, Anglesey, Gwynedd, Ceredigion and the North Wales coast. These became five of the eight geographical areas that now make up the path. The other three areas are made up of single and combined counties and county boroughs with coastlines.

paragraphs: The Wales Coast Path was set up by the Welsh Government with the former Countryside Council for Wales, sixteen local authorities and two National Parks. Since 2007 the Welsh Government has spent £2 million per year to improve public access to the coast through its Coastal Access Improvement Programme. The European Regional Development Fund has also given £3.9 million over three years to support the project.

paragraphs: The idea for the path was based on the success of the Pembrokeshire Coast Path National Trail and the Isle of Anglesey Coastal Path. Plans for the path were shown by First Minister Rhodri Morgan in June 2006, at the opening of the 125-mile path around Anglesey. It was thought the project would take up to five years; it has been nearer six. Visitors to the Pembrokeshire and Anglesey coastal paths bring a lot of money into Wales. It was also seen as an important to encourage both locals and visitors to discover and enjoy Wales’ outdoor spaces, also gain health and welfare benefits from walking.

paragraphs: The Countryside Council for Wales said that improvements to the path would continue during 2012 and 2013. The path will follow the coastline as close as it is safe and practical. The completed path is expected to lead to making shorter circular paths, linking to inland towns and villages.

paragraphs: The official opening of the path took place in a number of places on 5 May 2012. These places showed the path’s beauty and ease of access for walkers of all ages, fitness and ability. To celebrate the opening, Ramblers Cymru, hosted the Big Welsh Coastal Walk, with over 5,500 people taking part.

paragraphs: Northern Eye Books are writing the Official Guidebooks for five sections of the Wales Coast Path: North Wales Coast, Isle of Anglesey, Llyn Peninsula, Carmarthenshire and Gower, and the South Wales Coast. They already publish the Official Guide for Anglesey, "Walking the Isle of Anglesey Coastal Path" by Carl Rogers. There are also guidebooks to the Ceredigion Coast Path and the Pembrokeshire Coast Path by other publishers.

paragraphs: The first anniversary of the opening of the path was marked on radio and television. It is estimated that in that first year some 2.8 million people walked parts of the path, adding £16 million to the Welsh economy. It is estimated that more than 800,000 visitors to the path also stayed the night in one of the many guest-houses, B&B's and hotels along the route.

paragraphs: The of the Wales Coast Path joins the Offa's Dyke Path National Trail. This path follows the border with England, to make a walking path around almost the whole of Wales.

paragraphs: The Open Spaces Society is angry because some landowners will not allow the path to cross their land. This means more than 20% of the route will have to be on roads, sometimes out of sight of the sea. A Countryside Council for Wales spokeswoman said: “Just over 20% of the WCP is on road, slightly less than the average for national trails in Britain, which is in the region of 25%. This is mainly on quiet, country lanes.”

paragraphs: In 2014 there was a temporary road route north of Cardigan, connecting Gwbert with Mwnt. The Ceredigion Coast Path section in that area could not be used because of legal actions.

paragraphs: Walkers have a view overlooking a gypsy caravan site at Rover Way in Cardiff. People living here are worried about their privacy.


title: Massimo Vignelli

paragraphs: Massimo Vignelli (January 10, 1931 – May 27, 2014) was a Italian graphic designer. He did work in a number of areas ranging from package design to houseware design to furniture design to public signage to showroom design. He was the founder of Vignelli Associates. He was born in Milan, Italy.

paragraphs: Vignelli died in New York City, New York from an illness, aged 83.


title: Harry Knowles

paragraphs: Harry Jay Knowles (born December 11, 1971) is an American movie critic and writer. He is known for his website called "Ain't It Cool News".


title: Mieczysław Rakowski

paragraphs: Mieczysław Franciszek Rakowski (December 1, 1926 – November 8, 2008) was a Polish communist politician, historian and journalist. He served as an officer in the Polish People's Army from 1945 to 1949. He served as Prime Minister of Poland from 1988 to 1989.

paragraphs: Rakowski died on November 8, 2008 from cancer in Warsaw at the age of 81.


title: Breckin Meyer

paragraphs: Breckin Erin Meyer (born May 7, 1974) is an American actor, comedian, writer, television producer, and drummer.

paragraphs: He is known for his role as Jon Arbuckle in "", as Joseph Gribble in "King of the Hill", for his many voice roles in the Adult Swim TV series "Robot Chicken", and for his role as Jared Franklin in "Franklin & Bash".


title: The United States in the 19th century

paragraphs: The United States was a country in the 19th century. During this time it grew from 17 states to 45 states. The year was from 1801 till 1900 in the Gregorian calendar. States like Utah, Illinois and Mississippi were added to the United States. There were 22 presidents. The Industrial Revolution was still going on. The first skyscraper was built and the White House became the home of the President of the United States. There was a war with Great Britain in 1812. In 1866 Alfred Nobel invented dynamite. The sport of Basketball was invented. In 1829, William Austin Burt patented a machine called the "Typographer" which many consider the first typewriter. The 19th century also saw the Great Chicago Fire. New York City was hit by the Great September Gale of 1815.

paragraphs: The United States of America had 22 presidents in the 19th Century. Thomas Jefferson was the third President of the United States. He was the first elected president of the 19th century. The last one was William McKinley. McKinley started the presidency in 1897 and he left his presidency in 1901 which is just after the 19th century. All these presidents in the 19th century lived in the white house.

paragraphs: Thomas Jefferson was born on the 13th of April in 1743. His parents were Jane Randolph Jefferson and Peter Jefferson. His brothers were Peter and Randolph. His sisters were Jane, Mary, Elizabeth, Marta, Lucy and Anna. He was a member of the Democratic-Republican Party. He was president from 1801 till 1809. He died on July 5, 1826 and was buried at Monticello.

paragraphs: Abraham Lincoln was born on 12 February 1809. This was while Thomas Jefferson was president. He was the second child of Thomas Lincoln and Nancy Lincoln. He was born in the state of Kentucky. Lincoln married Mary Todd. His children were Robert, Edward, Willie and Tad. Lincoln belonged to the Whig Party and later the Republican Party. He was assassinated while still in office.

paragraphs: Martin van Buren was born on December 5, 1782. He was born in Kinderhook, New York, US. His father was Abraham van Buren and his mother was Maria Hoes van Alen van Buren. His ancestor Cornelis van Buren had come to the United States in 1631 from the small city of Buren. Martin is the only president who has spoken English as a second language. His political party was called the Free Soil Party. Martin was president from 1837 till 1841. He died on July 24, 1862.

paragraphs: James Monroe was born on April 28,1758 in Virginia. His parents were Spence Monroe and Elizabeth. James Monroe married Elizabeth Kortright. Their children were Eliza, James and Maria. He died on July 4, 1831 in New York City. He was then 73 years old.

paragraphs: The transition from an agricultural to an industrial economy took more than a century in the United States, they lagged far behind their mother country, England. The Industrial Revolution started around 1750 in England, and fifty years later in the United States. This was because there was a lot of land to work on, but there was too less labour to do that. The industrial machines were expensive.

paragraphs: The start of the Industrial Revolution in America is caused by Samuel Slater, who built the first industrial mill in the United States around 1790. His cotton mill looked a lot like the British mill. But through this mill, the speed with which cotton thread could be spun into yarn was greatly increased.

paragraphs: Another cause of the rapidly changing economy were the new organizational strategies to increase the speed to make the products. This reformation was especially important for the shoe and boot industry. Were first the most products were made by hand.

paragraphs: But the most important change was the “Factory System” where products were produced on a large scale and then one specific product, but they needed people to operate the machines. A group of businessman called the Boston Associates recruited thousands farm girls from New England to operate the machines in the new factories.

paragraphs: One of the most known mill towns was Lowell, Massachusetts, which opened in 1823. The use of a female factory workers had advantages to both employer and employee. The Boston Associates preferred the young girls because they paid young girls less than men. These female factory workers were often called: Lowell Girls, named to the place Lowell.


title: P. K. Subban

paragraphs: Purple Kush "P. K." Subban (born May 13, 1989) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman. He currently plays for the New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League (NHL).

paragraphs: Before playing in the NHL, Subban played 4 years with the Belleville Bulls of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). Subban was drafted with the 43rd overall pick by the Montreal Canadiens in the 2007 NHL Entry Draft. He made his NHL debut with the Canadiens on February 12, 2010 in a 3–2 loss to the Philadelphia Flyers. During the game, he assisted on a Glen Metropolit goal for his first point in the NHL. On April 26, 2010, Subban played in his first NHL playoff game. He also recorded his first NHL playoff point when he assisted on a Michael Cammalleri goal. He scored his first goal on April 30, 2010 in game one of Canadiens' second round series against the Pittsburgh Penguins.


title: Pombia Safari Park

paragraphs: Pombia Safari Park is a Safari park, Zoo and Amusement park in Pombia, Piedmont, northern Italy. It was created by Angelo Lombardi in 1976. It has an area of 400.000 square metres.


title: Safari Ravenna

paragraphs: Safari Ravenna is a Safari park and Zoo in Ravenna, Emilia-Romagna, Italy, created in 2012 near the Amusement park of Mirabilandia; extending over an area of 340.000 square metres.


title: My Way (Limp Bizkit song)

paragraphs: "My Way" is the fourth single off American nu metal band Limp Bizkit's third studio album "Chocolate Starfish and the Hot Dog Flavored Water". The song was released on January 6, 2001. The song was nominated for a Kerrang! Award for Best Single. My Way was used as the theme song for WWF's WrestleMania X-Seven.


title: Rother

paragraphs: Rother is a borough in East Sussex, South East England. Its headquarters are in Bexhill-on-Sea. About 95,000 people live in Rother. It was created on 1 April 1974.


title: Rollin' (Limp Bizkit song)

paragraphs: "Rollin' (Air Raid Vehicle)" is the third single off American nu metal band Limp Bizkit's third studio album "Chocolate Starfish and the Hot Dog Flavored Water". The song was released on October 10, 2000.

paragraphs: There was a remix version of the song titled "Rollin' (Urban Assault Vehicle)" which featured rappers DMX, Redman, and Method Man. It was also produced by Swizz Beatz. The remix was ranked #4 on VH1's list of 50 Most Awesomely Bad Songs.

paragraphs: The song was used as the theme song for American professional wrestler The Undertaker from December 2000 to May 2002. Limp Bizkit performed the song live during his entrance for WrestleMania XIX. The song was featured in the 2001 video game NHL Hitz 2002 and the remix was featured in the 2001 movie The Fast and the Furious.


paragraphs: History of rail transport in the Netherlands On September 20, 1839, the first train rode through the Netherlands. It was a short trip from Amsterdam to Haarlem. The train was called the "Arend". It was a steam locomotive. The history of the Dutch railways can be divided into six periods starting in the year 1839. The planning for railways lasted from 1840-1860, the early expansion of the railways, government construction of new railways from 1860-1890, consolidation of the railways from 1890-1938, the 'Nederlandse Spoorwegen' monopoly from 1938-1992, and the time following the end of this monopoly, from 1992-present.

paragraphs: The first modern railway was built in England in 1830. It ran between the English towns of Liverpool and Manchester. A Dutch artillery officer, William A. Bake, was there when it opened. When Bake came back to the Netherlands, he made plans to connect the city of Amsterdam to Amersfoort and Amersfoort to Arnhem. King William supported Bake's plan. Unfortunately, his timing was bad. His plan to find money to build the railroad did not succeed. Dutch businessmen did not want to invest their money in a Dutch railroad at that time. They were worried about their investments in Spain. With no money, his plan did not work.

paragraphs: Belgium and Germany started to copy the English railway tracks, and King William I of the Netherlands did want to be left behind. With the king's interest, the railways improved and became safer. The new railways were able to work in the soil of the Netherlands.

paragraphs: King William allowed engineers to study whether a railroad system would be possible in the Netherlands. But it was difficult to find money to fund the railway tracks. The king made his decision on August 8, 1837. Eventaully, the Dutch government decided to pay to built the railroads. After 2 years, the first railway company was founded. It was called the Hollandse Ijzeren Spoorweg Maatschappi, or (HIJSM). They began with the construction of the railway track that connected Amsterdam and Haarlem. The first steam locomotive to ride this track was a small locomotive called "de Arend".

paragraphs: After the success of the first railway track that connected Amsterdam to Haarlem. The railroads started to expand and a new railway company was found. It was called the ‘Nederlandse Rhijnspoorweg Maatschappij’ (NSR). They both made the new railroad to Rotterdam The railway would cross everything.

paragraphs: The NSR and the HIJSM bought every piece of land to proceed. But some landowners and farmers didn’t like the idea of a railway crossing their farm, because it could frighten the cows. There was even a big incident that happened while making a railway track that connected Amsterdam to Rotterdam. A land owner called Aernout Hendrik van Wickenvoort Crommelin only wanted to sell his piece of land if a train station was built favorable for him. The HIJSM and NSR didn’t like that so they tried to make the railway track go around his piece of land. Unfortunately it failed. Still Aernout had given them some land to continue. The NSR and HIJSM lost a lot of money on this incident and it was later called: ‘Het laantje van van der Gaag'. The railroad was finished in 1847.

paragraphs: The NSR also wanted to built a railway by their self. This railway would go from Amsterdam to Utrecht to Arnhem and then on to Germany. The making of it didn’t went really well because they could not find enough investors. But luckily was our King William I again the savior of the railroads. But there was a problem with the constructing of the railway because the Dutch railways were built on Dutch broad gauge and the connection in Germany was made on standard gauge. The railroad to Utrecht was finished on December 18, 1843, The next stretch to Arnhem on May, 16 1845. The final stretch to Germany took 11 years because the other part of the railroad had to be made in Standard gauge.

paragraphs: In 1860 the Spoorwegnet was founded. It is a system that connects all the cities with railways built by the government.

paragraphs: In 1863, a new railway company was founded. It was called the Maatschappij tot Exploitatie van Staatsspoorwegen or SS for short. This company was not founded by the government. It was founded by a private group of investors who had acquired a license to use railways built by the state.

paragraphs: The other companies also continued building railroad tracks. More railway companies were founded. One was the Noord-Brabants-duitse Spoorweg-Maatschappij, or NBDS, often called S for short. It was founded to complete the railway track that connected Saint Petersburg, Berlin and London.

paragraphs: In the 1800s, railways in the Netherlands were run by many different companies that all had their own rules and trains. This made rail travel very inconvenient.

paragraphs: In 1890, all the railway companies in the Netherlands were merged and then split into 2 companies. The HSM and the SS. The railways were reclassified based on the English model.

paragraphs: In 1903, the workers at the railway companies went on strike, meaning they stopped working until their bosses met their demands. They felt their working conditions were very bad. They earned low wages for very hard work. The strike was successful. The bosses agreed to improve working conditions. When World War I began in 1914, the Netherlands stayed neutral. Train transportation was then used by armies. The railways were part of the war because it was easy to transport soldiers and equipment. The HSM and the SS had to work together very closely. In 1937, they merged, becoming the "Nederlandse Spoorwegen" or NS.

paragraphs: In total there are 404 railway stations in the Netherlands. 381 stations are managed by the NS. Some of them are very old looking and some are more modern.

paragraphs: In the past, passengers had to rely on yellow signboards to watch for trains. There were no escalators. The Zandvoort station has much of the older style of architecture, while Utrecht CS is new.

paragraphs: There have been many different trains in the Netherlands. The first were steam trains, then diesel trains and now electric trains.

paragraphs: The first train was called the Arend and it drove from Amsterdam to Haarlem. The many other steam trains that came after were all named by series and by number, as in series 600.

paragraphs: Diesel trains were cheaper and easier to use than steam trains. Currently, the only diesel trains still running are called the buffel. They run on the following lines: Zwolle – Enschede, Zwolle – Kampen, and Apeldoorn – Zutphen.

paragraphs: Most of the trains in the Netherlands today are electric. They are noticeable by the big electricity masts that give them power.

paragraphs: Trains are usually divided into two classes of seating, first and second.

paragraphs: In the past, there was also a third class, but it has been discontinued. Almost all the trains today have one day's free Wi-Fi connection so passengers can use the Internet. In the past, passengers had to buy tickets to take the train, but now they can use OV chipkaarts.

paragraphs: • Sprinters are fast trains that stop at every station

paragraphs: • The Thalys is a new high-speed train that can reach 300 km/h.

paragraphs: • Intercity is also an express train; it travels from one city to another without stops.


title: Youth of the Nation

paragraphs: "Youth of the Nation" is the second single off American Christian nu metal band P.O.D.'s fourth studio album "Satellite". The song was released on December 25, 2001.

paragraphs: The song was inspired partially by the Santana High School and Columbine High School shootings. In a 2008 interview, guitarist Marcos Curiel described it:

paragraphs: ""We were rehearsing and writing Satellite a couple of blocks away from the school. One day on the way to the studio, there were all these helicopters and cars speeding by. We really didn’t know what was going on. When we got to the studio, this guy had the news on, and he was like, ‘This kid just went and started blasting fools.’ So we started jamming, and that rhythm just naturally came out then Wuv [Bernardo, drummer] put that drumbeat on it, and the song was born.""


title: Surface to Air Missile

paragraphs: A surface-to-air missile (SAM), or ground-to-air missile (GTAM), is a type of missile that is launched from ground or from a ship to destroy aircraft or other missiles. It is one type of Anti-aircraft warfare.


title: Luis of Spain, Count of Chinchón

paragraphs: Infante Luis Antonio Jaime of Spain (25 July 1727 – 7 August 1785) and was known as the Cardinal-Infante. He was also then last child of Philip V of Spain and his wife Elisabeth Farnese. He is famous for being the youngest Cardinal in history. He also had close ties with several famous Spanish painters of his day including Francisco de Goya.

paragraphs: Luis was born in the city of Seville in Spain. He was the youngest child of the king King and queen of Spain. He was given the name Luis in honour of his French great-grandfather Louis XIV. From a young age his father showered various religious titles upon his youngest son, even creating him a "Primate of Spain". Giving him the rank of an Archbishop while barely eight years old. He was also an Infante of Spain by birth being the child of a reigning Spanish monarch giving him the use of "Royal Highness" from birth. Despite his parents decisions the young Luis abandoned his religious rank due to a lack of interest in his charges on 18 December 1754. He was given the title of Count of Chinchón by which he is known. The title was eventually inherited by his daughter Maria Teresa and was given to him by his older brother The Infante Felipe.

paragraphs: Following the death of his childless elder half-brother King Fernando VI in 1759 he claimed the throne and his brother Carlos (the future Charles III of Spain claimed the throne for himself exiling his younger brother from the royal court in Madrid.

paragraphs: In his exile Luis contracted a marriage with María Teresa de Vallabriga herself an aristocrat but not royalty.

paragraphs: As he now had children he could also claim the throne of the Two Sicilies but his brother Charles III barred his right and made sure he and his family were never allowed at court. He died aged 58 having never reconciled with his elder brother. His title was inherited by his eldest daughter whose children then inherited the title too.


title: Vaginitis

paragraphs: Vaginitis is an inflammation of the vagina. It may result in discharge, itching and pain. Vulva irritation or infection is often involved. It is usually because of the latter.

paragraphs: A woman having this condition may have these symptoms:

paragraphs: Bacterial vaginosis is the most common vaginal sickness in women.


title: Ovarian cyst

paragraphs: Ovarian cysts are collections of fluids, surrounded by a very thin wall within an ovary. Ovarian follicles that are larger than two centimeters are termed ovarian cysts. The cysts range from pea-sized to just larger than an orange. Most cysts are functional in nature and harmless.


title: Xeon

paragraphs: Xeon is a brand of x86 microprocessors designed and manufactured by Intel Corporation. In 1988 Intel released the first microprocessor using the name Xeon.


title: Pentre Ifan

paragraphs: The Pentre Ifan dolmen is the largest and best preserved neolithic dolmen in Wales. It is on the ancient manor of Pentre Ifan in the civil parish of Nevern, Pembrokeshire, Wales. The manor was the home of the Bowen family going back to the 11th century.

paragraphs: The dolmen dates from about 3,500 B.C. It may have been used for group burials. The existing stones form the door, called a portal and main chamber of the tomb. These would have been covered with a large stone mound about 36.6 m long and 17 m wide. Some of the stones have been scattered, but at least seven are in their original position. The capstone is 5.1 m in length, and is thought to to weigh 16 tonnes, and rises 2.4 m above the ground. It is held up by the narrow tips of three uprights. These stones make a chamber that is 3 m long, 2 m wide and 3 m high. A large stone has been used to block the entrance.

paragraphs: The facade around the portal is a carefully built dry stone wall.

paragraphs: William Francis Grimes carried out archaeological diggings at the site in 1936/1937 and 1958/1959. Small pieces of flint and pottery were discovered during these digs. This are also signs that there may have been holes dug for some sort of ritual purpose long before the dolmen was set up.

paragraphs: The dolmen is owned and looked after by Cadw, the Welsh Historic Monuments Agency. The site is well-kept and entrance is free. It is about 17 km from Cardigan. It has views down the Nevern Valley to the sea.


title: Lago di Annone

paragraphs: Lago di Annone (also called Lago di Oggiono) is a lake in the Province of Lecco, Lombardy, Italy. It borders the municipalities of Annone di Brianza, Suello, Civate, Galbiate and Oggiono.


title: Tommy Blom

paragraphs: Tommy Albert Blom (3 March 1947 – 25 May 2014) was a Swedish singer and radio host. He was member of the band Tages of the 1960s. He started hosting Vinyl 107 from the mid-1990s until 2008 when he lost that job because "he was too old." However, he returned in 2011. He was born in Gothenburg.

paragraphs: Blom died from cancer on 25 May 2014 in Stockholm, aged 67.


title: Bolhrad

paragraphs: Bolhrad ((; Bulgarian and ; )) is a small city in Odessa Oblast (province) of south-western Ukraine. It is the capital city of Bolhrad Raion (district).


title: Pembrokeshire Coast Path

paragraphs: Pembrokeshire Coast Path () (also called the Pembrokeshire Coastal Path) is a National Trail in Pembrokeshire in the Wales, in the United Kingdom. It is a footpath that anyone can walk anytime for free. It was made a footpath in 1970. It is long. The highest place on the path is Pen yr afr. It is high. It's lowest place is Sandy Haven crossing. It is low at the water. The path goes along coast and people walking on the path will see the water most of the time.

paragraphs: The path starts at Amroth and goes north to Poppit Sands. A plaque is located at Poppit Sands. The path used to stop, or start, at Poppit Sands. Now it goes to St. Dogmaels. At St. Dogmaels the path connects to another path called the Ceredigion Coast Path. The Pembrokeshire Coast Path is a part of the Wales Coast Path.

paragraphs: The Pembrokeshire Coast National Park was founded in 1952. After it was founded, Ronald Lockley did a survey for a path on the coastline. The region was very rural. There were villages on the coastline but communication between other villages was very hard. People often used boats to visit each other. Lockey reported on this in 1953. He suggested that a footpath be created to help. Most of the places the path would go through were public space, so anyone could walk on them without any problems. Other parts were owned by people, so you could not walk on the path without asking. They asked the owners if it was okay to use their land for the paths and most people said it as ok. There are still some areas of the path that go in strange directions because path users cannot walk on the private land. It took 17 years to build the path. 100 footbridges and 479 stiles were built. Thousands of stairs were built into the ground.

paragraphs: The path was opened on May 16, 1970 by Wynford Vaughan-Thomas. It was long. Now it is .

paragraphs: Most of the path is located in Pembrokeshire Coast National Park. The path goes along the Irish Sea. There are many different types of geological and environmental areas. There are headlands, cliffs, coves, glacial valleys, and more. The path goes by 58 beaches and 14 harbors.

paragraphs: Most of the path is easy to walk. There is one part that goes high. There are two areas near the water that it passes which sometimes get flooded. These parts are at Dale and Sandy Haven. The path goes through some towns and villages. These include Tenby, St Davids, Solva and Newport.

paragraphs: There are some trails that connect to the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park. They are:

paragraphs: The rocks under the path are over 300 million years old. The look of the land that the path goes along is the effect of the Ice Age. There are a variety of different types of rocks one can see on the path: igneous, pre-Cambrian, and more.

paragraphs: Walkers on the path can see wild flowers during the seasons of Spring and Summer. There are a lot of birds. Many of the birds are seabirds. There are also porpoises, dolphins, and seals in the water off the path.

paragraphs: There are historical sites on the path that date back to Neolithic times. There are places where there used to be hut circles. There are former places that people lived in during the Bronze Age and Iron Age. Most of the land near the path is farmed and people also fish off the path like they did in ancient times, but with modern tools.

paragraphs: The path was named the second best "National Geographic's" place to visit on a coast in 2011. The beaches along the path are famous also and have won over 300 awards for their quality, environmentalism and beauty.


title: Hysteresis

paragraphs: Hysteresis is a concept in physical science.

paragraphs: In hysteresis the output of a system depends not only on its input, but also on its history of past inputs. This is because the history affects the value of an internal state. To predict the future outputs of a system, either its internal state or its history must be known.

paragraphs: The effect may happen because of a lag between input and output. This effect disappears as the input changes more slowly. This effect meets the description of hysteresis given above, but is often referred to as "rate-dependent hysteresis" to distinguish it from hysteresis with a more durable memory effect.

paragraphs: Hysteresis occurs in ferromagnetic materials and ferroelectric materials. It also occurs in the deformation of some materials (such as rubber bands and shape-memory alloys). Many artificial systems are designed to have hysteresis: for example, in thermostats and computers.


title: Anglesey Coastal Path

paragraphs: The Anglesey Coastal Path is a is a footpath on the island of Anglesey, Wales in the United Kingdom. The footpath is a part of the Wales Coast Path.

paragraphs: The footpath follows the coast of the island of Anglesey. It goes around the entire island except in two places. Those two places are Plas Newydd and Afon Alaw between Llanfachraeth and Llanynghenedl. The path starts at Holyhead. It travels through an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The majority of the path travels through public land with a small amount going through private land. Owners of the private land have given permission for walkers to pass through their property. The path is part of the All Wales Coast Path.

paragraphs: The path cost £1.4 million to build. It was built by two organizations: Menter Môn and Isle of Anglesey County Council. It was opened on June 9, 2006 by Rhodri Morgan.

paragraphs: There are three trails that connect to the Anglesey Coastal Path. They are:

paragraphs: Walkers can visit many places on the path.


title: Kármán line

paragraphs: The Kármán line is the altitude where space begins. It is 100 km (about 62 miles) high. It commonly represents the border between the Earth's atmosphere and outer space. This definition is accepted by the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI). The FAI is an international standard setting and record-keeping body for aeronautics and astronautics. The line is named after Theodore von Kármán (1881–1963), a Hungarian-American engineer and physicist. He was active in aeronautics and astronautics. He was the first to calculate that around this altitude, the atmosphere becomes too thin to support aeronautical flight. An aircraft at this altitude would have to travel faster than orbital velocity to obtain enough lift to support itself. There is a sudden increase in temperature of the atmosphere and solar radiation just below the line. This places the line within the greater thermosphere.


title: Territorial integrity

paragraphs: Territorial integrity means that a country should not try to make another country break up or try to take part of the other county's territory.


title: Battle of Hampton Roads

paragraphs: The Battle of Hampton Roads was a naval battle of the American Civil War. It was fought on March 8 and 9, 1862 near Hampton Roads, Virginia. It was an important battle because it was the first combat between ironclad warships.

paragraphs: The Confederate ironclad "CSS Virginia" tried to break the Union navy blockade of Hampton Roads. The blockade prevented all commerce with Norfolk and Richmond, Virginia. On March 8, the "Virginia" sank and damaged several union battleships. On March 8, the Union ironclad USS "Monitor" arrived and fought the "Virginia". The battle lasted for several hours. But neither ship could defeat the other. Both ships left the fight thinking they had won. But the Confederates failed to break the blockade.

paragraphs: Both ironclads were lost soon after the battle. When Norfolk fell in May 1862, the CSS "Virginia" was destroyed by its crew so it wouldn't be captured. The USS "Monitor" was lost in a storm near Cape Hatteras on December 31, 1862. Her wreck was found in 1974.

paragraphs: The Battle of Hampton Roads did not make a big difference in the outcome of the Civil War. But it changed the way people fought wars with ships. The battle proved that ironclad warships were much stronger than wooden ships. After this battle, the U.S. and other countries stopped building wooden ships. They started building iron warships instead.


title: Dumb Starbucks

paragraphs: Dumb Starbucks was a coffee shop opened by comedian Nathan Fielder. It was closed just after three days for not having a proper health license. Because the shop was a parody making fun of the real Starbucks company, Fielder was able to use their logo.

paragraphs: In a normal Starbucks store, you will usually see a board with the beverages that you can purchase. But in Dumb Starbucks, it had the word "Dumb" in front of the name of the beverage you would see at Starbucks. For example, if you saw the Vanilla Latte at Starbucks, in Dumb Starbucks, it would be called "Dumb Vanilla Latte". Usually Starbucks has some other items, such as music CDs, but Dumb Starbucks also took the same music CDs and wrote the word "Dumb" in front of them.

paragraphs: Nathan Fielder had planned to open another Dumb Starbucks in Brooklyn, New York City, but he did not try to open one, even with health documents. Many people did not like Fielder and his new parody. Some people felt he was making fun of them being Starbucks customers, others said his coffee was terrible.


title: Cuisine of the United States

paragraphs: The cuisine of the United States refers to food prepared in the United States. The European Colonization of the Americas gave way to introduction of many ingredients and cooking styles. These styles extended to the 19th and 20th centuries.

paragraphs: Seafood have been in the United States since pre-Colonial times. Native American ate fish and other seafood in those times.

paragraphs: Pizza is based on the traditional Italian dish which was brought to the U.S. by Italian immigrants. It varies, however, based on the style and development region.

paragraphs: In the Southern United States, fried chicken is extremely popular, though it is eaten everywhere.


title: Cuisine of the Southern United States

paragraphs: The cuisine of the Southern United States is food prepared across the Southern United States. Foods prepared or from the Southern United States include corn, tomatoes, squash along with other fruits or vegetables.

paragraphs: Much of Creole or Cajun cuisine is based on France, West Africa and the Caribbean.

paragraphs: Traditional Southern meals usually involve catfish, fried chicken, butter beans, biscuits and cornbread.

paragraphs: The restaurants serving Southern food include Popeyes Chicken & Biscuits, Church's Chicken and Kentucky Fried Chicken.


title: Malcolm Glazer

paragraphs: Malcolm Irving Glazer (August 15, 1928 – May 28, 2014) was an American businessman and sports team owner. He was the president and chief executive officer of First Allied Corporation. He also owned both the association football club Manchester United of the English Premier League and the American football team Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the NFL.

paragraphs: Glazer was born in Rochester, New York to Lithuanian Jewish immigrants.

paragraphs: Glazer was married to Linda from 1961 until his death. The couple had five sons together: Avram, Kevin, Bryan, Joel, Edward; and a daughter, Darcie.

paragraphs: Glazer died on May 28, 2014 in Palm Beach, Florida, aged 85. He had been in poor health since suffering two strokes in April 2006.


title: St. Govan's Chapel

paragraphs: St. Govan's Chapel is a chapel in St. Govan, Pembrokeshire, in the country of Wales.

paragraphs: The chapel is built into a cliff made of limestone. It is small and measures 20 by 12 feet in size. It has only one room. The walls are made of limestone. The building is very old. It might have been built in the 6th century. But, most of the building was built in the 13th century. The first chapel was a cave that Saint Goven lived in where the chapel is today. People believe that Saint Goven might be buried beneath the building.

paragraphs: There is one entrance on the north part of the building. There are benches made of stone inside. The roof, which is made of slate is newer. To get to the building you have to walk down 52 stairs.


title: Microsoft Visual Studio

paragraphs: Microsoft Visual Studio is a set of programs or tools used to help write computer programs. It includes the tools for designing, coding the program, and fixing the bugs. This type of software is called an integrated development environment (or IDE). It means it has most of the tools necessary to write new programs.


title: IPad Mini 2

paragraphs: The second generation iPad Mini (stylized and marketed as iPad Mini 2, and previously marketed as the iPad mini with Retina display) is a tablet computer that is made and sold by Apple Inc. It almost has the same design as the first generation iPad Mini, but added some new features such as the Apple A7 system-on-a-chip and a 2,048 x 1,536 resolution Retina Display. It uses the same hardware that is used in the iPad Air. Apple released the second generation iPad Mini in silver and space grey colors on November 12, 2013.

paragraphs: The successor to the iPad Mini 2, the iPad Mini 3, was announced on October 16, 2014. In 2017, the iPad mini 2 was discontinued.

paragraphs: The iPad Mini 2 was announced during an event at the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts on October 22, 2013. The theme of the event was 'We still have a lot to cover.' Originally, at the time of its release, the iPad Mini 2 was officially sold as the "iPad Mini with Retina Display". However, when the iPad Mini 3 was announced on October 16, 2014, Apple started selling the second generation iPad Mini as iPad Mini 2.


title: George Eliot (spy)

paragraphs: George Eliot was an English spy during the rule of Queen Elizabeth I.

paragraphs: George Eliot is reported to have been a very bad person. He earned his living as a con artist (someone who gains the trust of another and then tricks them out of their money). He was well known as a rapist and suspected of being a murderer. Eliot became a spy for Robert Dudley, the Earl of Leicester. This was to avoid a charge from the last crime he committed. Eliot agreed to seek out Catholics who were not conforming to the rules of the state because the Church of England was the official state religion. He would then hand them over to the authorities for punishment.

paragraphs: At Lyford Grange in Berkshire (now Oxfordshire), he tracked down the Jesuit priest, Edmund Campion. Eliot called for a magistrate from Abingdon. He arrested Campion and had him sent to London for trial and execution.


title: Jorge Glas

paragraphs: Jorge David Glas Espinel (born 13 September 1969) is an Ecuadorean politician and electrical engineer. He has been Vice President of Ecuador from 24 May 2013 until his resignation on 13 December 2017.

paragraphs: Jorge Glas was born 13 September 1969 in Guayaquil. He has known and been friends with president Rafael Correa since their time as boy scouts.

paragraphs: He holds a degree in electrical engineering from the ESPOL which he obtained on 22 September 2008. On 3 January 2013 Jorge Glas was reported to the police for plagiarism of his thesis. He was reported by Galo Lara, a member of the rival Patriotic Society Party. The thesis was reviewed by Genove Gneco, a professor from the Dominican Republic, who investigated the thesis and found 35% of it to be suspected plagiarism. An investigation by a commission set up by ESPOL found Glas not guilty of plagiarism. Glas however recognized that he should have cited his sources better.

paragraphs: Since 2007 Glas has held several political appointments in the government of Rafael Correa. He was General Manager of the now shut down Solidarity Fund between 2007 and 2009. He was also the President of the National Telecomunications Council.

paragraphs: Afterwards Glas was Minister of Telecommunications. He directed the joining together of Andinatel S.A. and Pacifitel S.A. into a single company,the National Corporation of Telecommunications, a corporation that he became the first chairperson of.

paragraphs: As Coordinating Minister of Strategic Sectors he was responsible for the building of several hydroelectric power plants the he had to borrowed money from Chinese banks to build.

paragraphs: Glas started his time as Vice President on 24 May 2013.

paragraphs: On 4 August 2017, Glas was suspended of his duties as Vice President due to corruption. He resigned from the office on 13 December 2017. He was replaced by Urban Minister María Vicuña.


title: Wrexham Glyndŵr University

paragraphs: Wrexham Glyndŵr University is a university in Wales. It is named after a Welsh national hero, Owain Glyndŵr. The university opened in 2008. Before becoming a university, it had been the Wrexham School of Arts and Science which opened in 1887. It has over 9000 students, and as well as the Wrexham campus it also has campuses at St. Asaph, Northop, and London.


title: Battle of Bryn Glas

paragraphs: The Battle of Bryn Glas was fought on 22 June 1402. This was the major battle of the Welsh Revolt (1400-1415). The rebel forces of Wales, led by Owain Glyndŵr defeated the English army led by Sir Edmund Mortimer. The exact location of the battle is not known, but research shows that it was probably on Bryn Glas hill, to the east, west and south of the church of St. Mary. The English attacked the Welsh forces who were on the top of the hill. During the battle, Mortimer was captured by the Welsh. The bodies of the dead English, were left on the battlefield; later the bones were collected and buried in the churchyard.


title: Thermostat

paragraphs: A thermostat is a sensor which keeps a heating system near to a desired temperature or setpoint. It is a control system.

paragraphs: The thermostat works by switching heating or cooling devices on or off. This is what happens in a central heating system or an air conditioner. In some systems it works by switching a 'heat transfer fluid' off or on as needed to keep the set temperature. The name is derived from the Greek words "thermos" "hot" and "statos" "a standing".

paragraphs: The simplest kind of thermostat is a bimetal strip which bends as the temperature rises, and at a set point breaks the circuit of an electrical current. Kitchen toasters use this kind of thermostat.

paragraphs: Because they control a system, thermostats are examples of feedback devices which maintain a steady local environment against temperature changes outside the outside world. In cybernetics, the thermostat is an example of a machine which uses feedback to maintain the stability of a heating system.


title: Sæhrímnir

paragraphs: In Norse mythology, Sæhrímnir is the name of the pig killed and cooked every night at Valhalla. He is the never-ending food source for the einherjar (warriors who died in battle and were brought to Valhalla). According to Snorri Sturluson, in the Gylfaginning, Sæhrímnir is cooked every day but he is whole again by evening.


title: Naval warfare

paragraphs: Naval warfare is combat in and on the seas, oceans, or any other major bodies of water. It is usually a part of a nation's overall war effort. Men have fought battles on the sea for over 3,000 years. Traditionally naval warfare has been fleet against another fleet. Modern naval warfare has changed to include Amphibious landings, transportation of men and equipment over water and naval support of land operations. Submarines, aircraft carriers, and specialized warfare have all changed naval warfare.


title: Hampton Roads

paragraphs: Hampton Roads is the name of both a body of water and a metropolitan area in Southeastern Virginia, United States. It is made up of Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA metropolitan area. Hampton Roads is known for its military bases, its ice-free harbor, shipyards, and coal piers. It also has miles of waterfront property and beaches.

paragraphs: The body of water known as Hampton Roads is one of the world's largest natural harbors. In fact it is a roadstead or "roads" (a body of water outside a harbor where ships can wait). It is formed by the mouths of several rivers. The water of Hampton Roads empties into the Chesapeake Bay


title: Martin Mystery

paragraphs: Martin Mystery is a French/Canadian animated television series. It is produced by the French company Marathon Media and the Canadian animation studio Image Entertainment Corporation. The series is based on an Italian comic strip. The series ran from 2003-2006. The series has 66 episodes divided into 3 seasons. The show is on Canal J in France and on YTV in Canada.

paragraphs: Martin Mystery and his stepsister Diana work at The Center, an organization that protects Earth from aliens.


title: Fairview Acres, Louisiana

paragraphs: Fairview Acres is an unincorporated community in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana, United States.


title: Reginald Grey, 3rd Baron Grey de Ruthyn

paragraphs: Reginald Grey, 3rd Baron Grey de Ruthyn (c. 1362 – 30 September 1440), was a powerful Welsh marcher lord. He became Baron after his father's death in July 1388. His main military actions were against the Welsh, during the rebellion of Owain Glyndŵr.

paragraphs: Reginald de Grey was responsible for giving out royal demands in the Northern March. This included calling the local nobility and gentry and their men to Royal and military service. He was had been in a long-running legal argument with Glyndŵr, claiming part of Glyndwr's land as his own. Under King Richard II the case had been found in favour of Glyndŵr. When Henry IV became king, Grey took over the land.

paragraphs: Glyndŵr tried to take legal action in 1400, but the court told him to give the land to Grey. Grey also did not tell Glyndŵr that his men were needed service in Scotland until the last moment. This made it impossible for Glyndŵr to send the men or even send an explanation for not sending them. Refusing or failing to follow an order of the King was treason. Glyndŵr's lands were would be taken until he could prove he was loyal to the king or receive punishment. On 16 September Glyndŵr and his brothers burned Grey's property. For three days his Welsh forces attacked the countryside of Flintshire and Denbighshire. On 24 September, Glyndwr's forces were defeated at Welshpool.

paragraphs: De Grey asked Glyndŵr to a meeting, but arrived with a large force, and attempted to capture Glyndŵr. Glyndŵr escaped and went into hiding, becoming a traitor in English eyes. King Henry took the land of Glyndŵr's friends, and gave them to John Beaufort, his half-brother. The rebellion spread across Wales by 1402. Lord Grey was taken prisoner by Glyndŵr's forces in an ambush near Ruthin in January.

paragraphs: A ransom of 10,000 marks was asked for him. Lord Grey was made to promise not to fight against Glyndŵr again. King Henry IV sent 11 knights to meet with Glyndŵr. They paid the money to release Grey. Lord Grey and his family would have been expected to repay the money.

paragraphs: The Grey family sold the Ruthin Lordship to King Henry VII in 1508 when the family needed money.

paragraphs: Grey was a member of the Council which governed England during the absence of Henry V in France in 1415. He later fought against the French in the Hundred Years' War in 1420 and 1421. He also served as Governor of Ireland.


title: ORCID

paragraphs: An ORCID is a code to identify someone who writes academic articles. ORCID stands for Open Researcher and Contributor ID. Each person can have their own ORCID. ORCIDs make it easy to know which articles someone has written, even if they change their name. They also helps tell who has written which articles, if there is more than one writer with the same name. ORCID was started on 16 October 2012.

paragraphs: ORCIDs usually have four groups of four numbers. An example of a person with an ORCID is John Wilbanks. His ORCID is <nowiki>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4510-0385</nowiki>. That is also the web address of the page about him, on the ORCID website. His ORCID can also be written as "ORCID: 0000-0002-4510-0385". Sometimes an ORCID has an "X" instead of a number at the end. An example of this is Nick Jennings's ORCID. His is <nowiki>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0166-248X</nowiki>. The final number (or "X") is a check digit.


title: 1900 Galveston Hurricane

paragraphs: THis hurricane killed between 8,000 and 12,000

paragraphs: The Galveston Hurricane of 1900 hit the city of Galveston, Texas on September 8, 1900. This hurricane was very large, and it is the deadliest hurricane in the history of the United States. It killed between 8,000 and 12,000 people. It was a "Category 4 hurricane" on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale.

paragraphs: The U.S. National Weather Service was very simple in 1900. They did not have good information on what the storm was doing. As a result, they could not give people advance warnings. Galveston was located on a sandbar island off the coast of Texas. It was only about nine feet above sea level. The population was about 38,000. On the morning of September 8, 1900, nobody knew that 8,000 of that number would be gone by the next day.

paragraphs: The Galveston hurricane began developing about August 30, 1900 in the middle Atlantic Ocean. It was still a tropical storm when it moved to Cuba on September 4. It hit Key West on September 6. At that point it became a full hurricane. It was a Category 4 hurricane when it got near the Texas coast. In the early afternoon of September 8 it hit with little warning. By the next morning it was gone and so was much of Galveston. After that, it moved back east as a tropical storm over the U.S. The damage was over $30,000,000. Galveston began rebuilding almost right away. A new seawall was built and many buildings were raised several feet. But it could not recover completely. The storm convinced most in the shipping industry to move to Houston with its safer harbor. Galveston would never again be the busiest shipping port in Texas.


title: Tyler Arnason

paragraphs: Tyler L. Arnason (born March 16, 1979) is an American retired professional ice hockey center. He played a career total of 487 games in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Chicago Blackhawks, Ottawa Senators, and Colorado Avalanche.

paragraphs: He was born in Oklahoma City and raised in Winnipeg. He is the son of Chuck Arnason.

paragraphs: Before playing in the NHL, Arnason played college hockey at St. Cloud State University for 118 games. Arnason was drafted with the 183rd overall pick by the Chicago Blackhawks in the 1998 NHL Entry Draft.

paragraphs: On January 21, 2003, he was involved in an off-ice incident. While Arnason, Phil Housley and Theoren Fleury were leaving the Pure Platinum strip club in Columbus, Ohio, Arnason and Housley had to step in to prevent Fleury from being beat up by the bouncers after Fleury punched the strip club manager in the face.

paragraphs: On March 9, 2006, he was traded to the Ottawa Senators for Brandon Bochenski and a second-round pick. He played 19 games with the Senators and became an unrestricted free agent. On July 1, 2006, he signed a one-year deal with the Colorado Avalanche. He played 2 seasons with them and signed a one-year two-way contract with the New York Rangers for the 2009–10 season on July 3, 2009 but he never played for them. Arnason retired from playing professional ice hockey in 2012.


title: The Apartment

paragraphs: The Apartment is a 1960 American romantic comedy-drama movie. This movie has Shirley MacLaine as Fran and Jack Lemmon as Calvin Clifford. It is about climbing the corporate ladder and seduction.

paragraphs: The movie was released June 15, 1960. It received five Academy Awards, including the Best Picture.

paragraphs: Due to adult themes and infidelity, the movie was controversial in its time.


title: Going My Way

paragraphs: Going My Way is a 1944 musical comedy-drama movie. The movie is about a priest from East St. Louis, Illinois who changes parish life at a New York City church. Bing Crosby plays Father Charles.

paragraphs: The movie won seven Academy Awards, including the Best Picture.

paragraphs: At the 17th Academy Awards, "Going My Way" was nominated for 10 Academy Awards. They included two for Barry Fitzgerald. His work on the movie was nominated for both Best Actor and Best Supporting Actor. Later, the rules were changed so that that could not happen again. It won seven, including Best Picture.

paragraphs: In 2004, "Going My Way" was chosen for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".


title: Gigi

paragraphs: Gigi is a 1958 musical romantic comedy movie. Leslie Caron plays Gigi. It also stars Maurice Chevalier, Louis Jourdan and Eva Gabor. The movie is about relationships in Paris in the early 20th century.

paragraphs: The movie was directed by Vincente Minnelli. The screenplay by Alan Jay Lerner was based on the 1944 novella of the same name by the Parisian author Colette. The film features songs with words by Lerner and music by Frederick Loewe, arranged and conducted by André Previn.

paragraphs: This movie won nine Academy Awards including Best Picture, Best Director and Best Costume Design. Critics gave the movie very positive reviews.


title: Rebecca (1940 movie)

paragraphs: Rebecca is a 1940 American psychological melodramatic thriller movie. This movie was directed by Alfred Hitchcock. Joan Fontaine plays a very young and naive woman. She marries a recently widowed man and moves to his large house in Cornwall. Laurence Olivier played Maxim de Winter, a rich man whose first wife, Rebecca, died recently. This movie is about obsession and cold treatment in relationships.

paragraphs: "Rebecca" won two Academy Awards including Best Picture.


title: The Life of Emile Zola

paragraphs: The Life of Emile Zola is a 1937 biographical movie. This is about Émile Zola and his rise to fame in 19th century.

paragraphs: The movie was the second biographical movie to win the Best Picture Academy Award.


title: All About Eve

paragraphs: All about Eve is a 1950 American drama movie. The movie is about an aging Broadway star. A young fan, Eve Harrington, threatens the career and the relationships of the star. Bette Davis plays the Broadway star, Margo Channing. Anne Baxter plays Eve Harrington. Marilyn Monroe, Hugh Marlowe and Barbara Bates are also in the movie.

paragraphs: "All about Eve" was nominated for 14 Academy Awards. It won six, including Best Director and Best Picture.


title: Grand Ecore, Louisiana

paragraphs: Grand Ecore is an unincorporated community in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana, United States. it is North of City of Natchitoches a small city, it is South of Village of Clarence a small village.


title: Powhatan, Louisiana

paragraphs: Powhatan is the smallest incorporated village in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana, United States.


title: Karlheinz Böhm

paragraphs: Karlheinz Böhm (16 March 1928 – 29 May 2014), sometimes known as Carl Boehm or Karl Boehm, was an Austrian-German actor and philanthropist.

paragraphs: Boehm was born in Darmstadt, Germany to Austrian composer Karl Boehm and German soprano Thea Linhard.

paragraphs: His career has spanned for nearly 50 years. He appeared in 45 foreign movies and over 30 blockbusters. He is best known for his role as Mark in "Peeping Tom".

paragraphs: Boehm had seven children, including actress Katharina Boehm.

paragraphs: Böhm died from Alzheimer's disease at his home in Grödig, Austria, aged 86.


title: Hienadz Buraukin

paragraphs: Hienadz Buraukin (, August 28, 1936 – May 30, 2014) was a Belarusian poet, journalist and diplomat. He served as an Ambassador to the United Nations for Belarus.

paragraphs: Buraukin died from cancer on May 30, 2014 in Minsk at the age of 77.


title: Klement Gottwald

paragraphs: Klement Gottwald (23 November 1896 – 14 March 1953) was a Communist Czechoslovak politician.<br>


title: John Guillermin

paragraphs: John Guillermin (11 November 1925 – 27 September 2015) was a movie director. He was born in London and attended the University of Cambridge.

paragraphs: He was known for his movies "I Was Monty's Double" (1958), "Tarzan's Greatest Adventure" (1959), "Never Let Go" (1960), "Tarzan Goes to India" (1962), "Waltz of the Toreadors" (1962), "The Blue Max" (1966), "The Bridge at Remagen" (1969), "The Towering Inferno" (1974), "King Kong" (1976), "Death on the Nile" (1978), "Sheena" (1984) and "King Kong Lives" (1986).


title: Timer

paragraphs: A timer is a kind of clock for measuring time intervals. A timer which counts upwards from zero for measuring time is often called a "stopwatch". A device which counts down from a specified time interval is more usually called a "timer". A simple example is an hourglass. Some timers sound an audible alarm that the time is up. Time switches, timing mechanisms which activate a switch, are sometimes called "timers".


title: Freedom Writers

paragraphs: Freedom Writers is a 2007 American drama movie based on actual events. It stars Hilary Swank, Scott Glenn, Patrick Dempsey, and Pat Carroll. It was released in January 5, 2007.


title: Walden

paragraphs: Walden is a book written by the author, Henry David Thoreau. This book is a satire. This book is also a book on the author's life and experiences.<br>


title: Helma Sanders-Brahms

paragraphs: Helma Sanders-Brahms (20 November 1940 – 27 May 2014) was a German movie director, screenwriter, producer and actress. She was known for directing "Germany, Pale Mother".

paragraphs: Sanders-Brahms was born in Emden. She died in Berlin on May 27, 2014 after a long illness, aged 73.


title: Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana

paragraphs: Natchitoches Parish () is a parish located in the U.S. state of Louisiana. As of the 2010 census, the population was 39,566. The parish seat is Natchitoches. The parish was formed in 1805.


title: Chi-squared test

paragraphs: Chi-squared test (or formula_1 test) is a statistical hypothesis test. It usually tests the hypothesis that "the experimental data does not differ from untreated data". That is a null hypothesis. The distribution of the test statistic is a chi-squared distribution when the null hypothesis is true.

paragraphs: The test results are regarded as 'significant' if there is only one chance in 20 that the result could be got by chance.


title: Independence (statistics)

paragraphs: Probability theory talks about events which occur with a given (possibly unknown) probability. Usually, when it talks about several events occurring, it assumes that if one event occurs, this does not change the probability of the other events occurring.

paragraphs: More specifically, two events formula_1 and formula_2 are called independent (written as formula_3), if the probability of formula_1 occurring is the same whether formula_2 is assumed to have occurred or not. Alternatively, formula_1 and formula_2 are independent precisely when the probability of them occurring together is equal to the product of their individual probabilities.

paragraphs: Abraham de Moivre wrote: "Two events are independent, when they have no connexion one with the other, and that the happening of one neither forwards nor obstructs the happening of the other."


title: Abraham de Moivre

paragraphs: Abraham de Moivre was a French mathematician. He is known for his works on probability theory. He also did a lot of research in trigonometry.De Moivre's formula connects complex numbers and trigonometry. As he was a Huguenot, he was forced to emigrate to England. He was a friend of Isaac Newton, Edmund Halley, and James Stirling. Among his fellow Huguenot exiles in England, he was a colleague of the editor and translator Pierre des Maizeaux.

paragraphs: De Moivre wrote a book on probability theory, "The Doctrine of Chances", said to have been prized by gamblers. De Moivre first discovered Binet's formula, the closed-form expression for Fibonacci numbers linking the "n"th power of the golden ratio "φ" to the "n"th Fibonacci number.


title: Payback (2014)

paragraphs: Payback (2014) is a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event made by WWE. It was held on May 4, 2014 at the Allstate Arena in Rosemont, Illinois. It was the second Payback event held by the WWE.


title: Nancy Malone

paragraphs: Nancy Malone (born Nancy Josefa Maloney; March 19, 1935 – May 8, 2014) was an American television actor, director and producer. From the 1950s to 1970s, she was an actress and from the 1980s to the 1990s, she was a director and producer. She was best known for her roles on television series such as "Naked City", "Guiding Light", "The Long, Hot Summer", "The Outer Limits", "The Twilight Zone", and "The Andy Griffith Show".

paragraphs: Malone went on to become a well-known television director, winning an Emmy Award for her work on "Dynasty". She also worked on shows such as "", "Melrose Place", "Beverly Hills, 90210", and "Knots Landing". She retired in 2003.

paragraphs: Malone was born Nancy Josefa Maloney in Queens Village, Queens, New York City.

paragraphs: Malone died from pneumonia and problems from leukemia in Durante, California. She was 79.


title: Marco Reus

paragraphs: Marco Reus (born 31 May 1989) is a German association football player who plays for

paragraphs: Borussia Dortmund and the Germany national football team. Reus is known for his speed and his ability to adapt easily to a new position. He was included in Germany's 2014 FIFA World Cup squad, however he was injured in a game before the World Cup, so he could not play.

paragraphs: He became the first Germany player to score a for his country at Russia 2018 after the footballing nation's poor start to the tournament .


title: South Asian river dolphin

paragraphs: The South Asian river dolphin ("Platanista gangetica") is a freshwater or river dolphin found in India, Bangladesh, Nepal and Pakistan.

paragraphs: It is split into two subspecies, the Ganges river dolphin ("P. g. gangetica") and Indus river dolphin ("P. g. minor").

paragraphs: From the 1970s until 1998, they were regarded as separate species; however, in 1998, their classification was changed from two separate species to subspecies of a single species. The idea was to wait until genetic analysis had decided how best to classify them.


title: Viverravidae

paragraphs: The Viverravidae are an extinct family of early mammalian carnivores. They are in the superfamily Miacoidea, and lived from the early Palaeocene to the Eocene. They first appeared in the Paleocene of North America about 60 million years ago.

paragraphs: Viverravidae is a monophyletic family. In viverravids, the number of molars is reduced to two and the skull is long.

paragraphs: They are probably not related to any living carnivorans. The viverravids were previously thought to be the earliest carnivorans. A recent study of their skull morphology puts them outside the order Carnivora.


title: Assisted living

paragraphs: An assisted living residence is a popular housing alternative to a nursing home for senior citizens. These homes give help or supervision with daily living activities. They also allow services by outside health care providers. They check residents and resident activities to make sure health, safety and well being are maintained. Assistance may include the giving or supervision of medicine or personal care services. "The philosophy of assisted living is to treat all residents with dignity; to give privacy and to encourage independence." The gradual shift to assisted living began between 1979 and 1985 in the United States.


title: Arc of the United States

paragraphs: The Arc of the United States is a network of non-profit organizations. It serves people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. It was created in the 1950s by parents of people with disabilities. Since then, the organization has extended to over 40 states.

paragraphs: The ARC was called the National Association of Retarded Children (1953-1973), National Association of Retarded Citizens (1973-1981) and later the Association of Retarded Citizens of the United States (1981-1992). Since 1992, it has been called just The Arc.


title: Melody Gardot

paragraphs: Melody Gardot (born 2 February 1985) is a Grammy-nominated American musician. She has been influenced by other blues and jazz musicians, such as Judy Garland, Janis Joplin and Duke Ellington. She sings jazz music.

paragraphs: Gardot was born in New Jersey. She follows the teachings of Buddhism.


title: Kingston upon Thames

paragraphs: Kingston upon Thames is a suburban town in Greater London, and is the centre of the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames. Its postcodes are KT1 and KT2. About 45,000 people live in Kingston.


title: Seven Summits

paragraphs: The Seven Summits are the highest mountains on each of the seven continents. The list is often listed as Mount Everest, Aconcagua, Puncak Jaya, Mount Elbrus, Mount Vinson, Kilimanjaro, and Mount McKinley.

paragraphs: The Seven Summits are composed of each of the highest mountain peaks of each of the seven continents. Different lists include slight variations, but generally the same core is maintained. "The seven summits depend on the definition used for a continent". In particular the position of the border of that continent is important. This results in variations in the list.


title: Bardsey Island

paragraphs: Bardsey Island () is a small island off the coast of Wales. Bardsey is wide, long and in area. The north east rises steeply from the sea to a height of at "Mynydd Enlli." The western end is low and flat farmland. On the south, the island narrows to a peninsula with a lighthouse. It is the fourth-largest island in Wales.

paragraphs: Bardsey has several names, including the "Island of 20,000 saints". In Welsh the name means "The Island in the Currents". In English the name means the "Island of the Bards", or possibly the "Island of Barda", a Viking chieftain.

paragraphs: The island has been an important religious site. In AD 516, Saint Cadfan built a monastery on Bardsey. In medieval times many pilgrims visited the island, and by 1212 the monastery was part of the Augustinian Canons Regular. In 1537 Henry VIII closed the monastery and had the buildings pulled down, but pilgrims still visit the island.

paragraphs: Bardsey Island is famous for its wildlife and rugged scenery. A bird observatory was set up in 1953 as the island is on important migration routes. It is a nesting place for Manx shearwaters and choughs. It also has rare plants, and habitats undisturbed by modern farming practices. It is a good place to see grey seals, dolphins and porpoises.

paragraphs: The spirituality and sacredness of the island, its relative remoteness, and its legendary claim to be the burial site of King Arthur, have given it a special place in the cultural life of Wales. It has attracted artists, writers and musicians to its shores. It has inspired award winning literature.

paragraphs: The island is formed from rocks of the late Precambrian Gwna Group, part of the Monian Supergroup. The rocks are a mélange, often called Gwna Mélange, which have an unusual mix of clasts of all sizes up to 100m across. These are also very varied types, including both sedimentary and igneous rocks. Blocks of sheared granite in the melange can be seen in the northwestern coastal cliffs of the island. In other places there are clasts of quartzite, limestone, sandstone, mudstone, jasper and basalt. The deposit is an olistostrome, a very large underwater landslide possibly caused by an earthquake some time after 614 million years ago.

paragraphs: A dolerite dyke of Ordovician age can be seen in the melange at Trwyn y Gorlech in the north. There is an olivine dolerite dyke of Tertiary age at Cafn Enlli in the southeast. Further dykes can be seen in the cliffs at Ogof y Gaseg and at Ogof Hir.

paragraphs: A thin spread of glacial till stretches across the centre of the island. This was left behind by the Devensian Irish Sea Icesheet. There is a small patch of blown sand at Porth Solfach on the west coast and a landslip at Briw Cerrig at the foot of the cliffs on the east coast.

paragraphs: People lived on the island in Neolithic times, and traces of their hut circles remain. During the 5th century the island became a place of refuge for Christians and a small Celtic monastery existed. In 516 Saint Cadfan arrived from Brittany and directed the building of St Mary's Abbey. In medieval times three pilgrimages to Bardsey Island were said to be equal to one visit to Rome. In 1188 the abbey was still a Celtic institution, but by 1212 it belonged to the Augustinians. Many people still walk to Aberdaron and Uwchmynydd each year in the footsteps of the saints. Only ruins of the old abbey's 13th-century bell tower remain. A Celtic cross in the ruins commemorates the 20,000 saints claimed to be buried on the island.

paragraphs: Saint Deiniol, the bishop of Bangor, was buried on the island in 584. Saint Dyfrig was also buried on Bardsey Island, although in 1120 his remains were moved to Llandaff.

paragraphs: The "Dissolution of the Lesser Monasteries Act" of 1536, on the orders of Henry VIII, resulted in "St Mary's Abbey" being closed and its buildings pulled down in 1537. The choir stalls, two screens and the bells were moved to Llanengan, where the parish church was then being built.

paragraphs: For many years Bardsey Island formed part of the Newborough Estate. Between 1870 and 1875 the island's farms were rebuilt. A small limestone quarry was opened, and a lime kiln set up. "Carreg" and "Plas Bach" are separate buildings, but the remaining eight were built as semi-detached houses, each pair with outbuildings set around a shared yard. The buildings are Grade II listed. In 2008, Cadw gave £15,000 to help with some repairs. Only one of the original "croglofft" cottages, "Carreg Bach", is still standing. Given the choice of a harbour or a new church, in 1875 the islanders asked for a place of worship; a Methodist chapel was built.

paragraphs: The island had a population of 132 in 1881; by 1961 it had fallen to 17. The island's small school, opened in a former chapel in 1919, closed in 1953. By 2003 the population was down to 4.

paragraphs: "Bardsey Island Trust ()" bought the island in 1979. It was given money by the Church in Wales and many Welsh academics and public figures. The trust gets its money from membership subscriptions, grants and donations. It wants to protect the wildlife, buildings and archaeological sites of the island. It also promotes its artistic and cultural life, and wants people to visit as a place of natural beauty and pilgrimage. In 2000, the trust advertised for someone to run the sheep farm on the island. They had 1,100 applications. The farm is now run by the "Royal Society for the Protection of Birds"; and the land is managed to keep the natural habitat. Oats, turnips and swedes are grown; goats, ducks, geese and chickens kept; and there is a mixed flock of sheep and Welsh black cattle.

paragraphs: An old and twisted apple tree was found growing by the side of "Plas Bach." It is believed to be all that is left of an orchard planted by the monks who lived there a thousand years ago. In 1998, experts on British apples said this tree was the only example of the "Bardsey Apple ()". The tree has been propagated by grafting and is available commercially.

paragraphs: Bardsey Lighthouse stands on the south end of the island and guides vessels passing through St George's Channel and the Irish Sea. It is the only square lighthouse looked after by Trinity House.

paragraphs: Lt. Thomas Evans R.N., asked for a light on the island in 1816. In 1821 Trinity House built the lighthouse at a cost of £5,470 12s 6d with another £2,950 16s 7d for the lantern.

paragraphs: Joseph Nelson was the engineer and builder. He had served under Daniel Alexander, a Trinity House architect, whose influence can be seen on parts of the design including the heavy weathered string-course near the base and the blocked and hooded directional-light window. Joseph Nelson is linked to the design of at least 15 lighthouses, mostly in the Bristol Channel.

paragraphs: The Lighthouse is built of ashlar limestone and is not plastered. It is painted in red and white bands on the outside. The Lighthouse tower is 30 m (98 ft) high and is unusual because it is square, not round. Unlike many other lighthouses, it has kept its original gallery railings, which are of iron and bellied (i.e. curved out in width at their crowns) towards the top. The present lantern, fitted in 1856, did not need the original railings to be taken down.

paragraphs: The walls are 1.2 m (4 ft) thick at the base and 0.9 m (3 ft) at the top.

paragraphs: At first, the light had reflectors but changed to a dioptric (refracting) mechanism in 1838. The present lantern of 1856 is a 4.27 m (14 ft) wide chamfered octagon and the light is fixed, instead of revolving. The present revolving apparatus was put in place in 1873. It gives a group of five flashes, at first with an oil-lamp, but changed to electric in 1973.

paragraphs: The Lighthouse is unusual in lacking any sort of harbour. As it is on an established migratory route, the tower has many bird casualties. The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, and Trinity House have tried to help the problem by providing perches on the lantern top and flood-lighting the tower, but this does not seem to have helped.

paragraphs: In 1987 the Lighthouse was changed to automatic operation, and is now checked by the Trinity House Depot at Harwich. A local person does regular maintenance.

paragraphs: "Y Storws", also known as "The Boathouse", was built a few years before the lighthouse, near the landing place at "Y Cafn".

paragraphs: The island was made a "National Nature Reserve" in 1986, and is part of "Glannau Aberdaron ac Ynys Enlli Special Protection Area ()". It is now a favourite bird-watching location, on the migration routes of thousands of birds. "Bardsey Bird and Field Observatory" (), founded in 1953, nets and rings 8,000 birds each year to study their migration patterns.

paragraphs: The island was made a Site of Special Scientific Interest because of its maritime life. This includes internationally rare lichens; bryophyte, plants, bird species; and intertidal communities. Nationally important flowering plants include sharp rush, rock sea lavender, small adder's tongue, western clover, and the rare purple loosestrife. Two nationally rare heathland lichens are found on the slopes of "Mynydd Enlli": the ciliate strap lichen and golden hair lichen; and there are over 350 lichen species in total. The leafcutter bee, which cuts neat, rounded circles in rose leaves, used to seal the entrance to its nest, is native.

paragraphs: Thousands of birds pass through each year on their way to their breeding or wintering grounds. Chiffchaffs, goldcrests and wheatears are usually the first to pass through, followed by sedge warblers and willow warblers, whitethroats and spotted flycatchers.

paragraphs: About 30 species of bird regularly nest on the island, including ravens, little owls, oystercatchers and the rare chough. Hundreds of sea birds, including razorbills, guillemots, fulmars and kittiwakes, spend the summer nesting on the island's eastern cliffs. There are no land predators such as rats or foxes on the island. On a dark moonless night an eerie cackling can be heard across the island as 7,000 pairs of Manx shearwaters, 3.5 per cent of the British population, come ashore to lay and incubate their eggs in abandoned rabbit warrens or newly dug burrows.

paragraphs: The island is one of the best places in Gwynedd to see grey seals. In mid summer over 200 can be seen, lying in the sun on the rocks or swimming in the sea. About 15 pups are born each autumn. Their sharp teeth and strong jaws are perfect for breaking the shells of lobsters and crabs which live in the waters. It is also possible to see bottlenose and Risso's dolphins, and porpoises. The currents around the island carry food-rich water. The Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society has been carrying out surveys since 1999 to find out which areas are important for feeding and nursing calves.

paragraphs: The seas around the island are rich in marine life. There are forests of strap seaweed; in the rock pools are sea anemones, crabs and small fish; and in deeper waters, the rocks are covered by sponges and sea squirts. The yellow star anemone, found offshore, is more common to the Mediterranean.

paragraphs: It was tradition for the island to elect the "King of Bardsey"" (Welsh:Brenin Enlli"). From 1826 he was crowned by Baron Newborough or his representative. The crown is now kept at Merseyside Maritime Museum in Liverpool, although calls have been made for it to return to Gwynedd. The first known King was John Williams. His son, John Williams II, the third of the recorded kings, was deposed in 1900, and asked to leave the island as he had become an alcoholic. At the start of World War I, the last king, Love Pritchard, offered himself and the men of Bardsey Island for military service. He was refused as he was considered too old at the age of 71. Pritchard was angry and declared the island a neutral power. In 1925 Pritchard left the island for the mainland, to seek an easier way of life, but died the following year.

paragraphs: Yorkshire born poet Christine Evans lives half the year on Bardsey Island, spending the winters at Uwchmynydd. She moved to Pwllheli as a teacher, and married into a Bardsey Island farming family. While on maternity leave in 1976, she started writing poems, and her first book was published seven years later. "Cometary Phrases" was "Welsh Book of the Year 1989" and she was the winner of the first "Roland Mathias Prize" in 2005.

paragraphs: Edgar Ewart Pritchard, an amateur movie-maker from Brownhills, produced ""The Island in the Current"", a colour movie of life on Bardsey Island, in 1953. A copy is held by the "National Screen and Sound Archive of Wales".

paragraphs: Opera singer Bryn Terfel, a patron of the Bardsey Island Trust, has performed in the island's chapel. Llio Rhydderch recorded "Enlli "in 2002, an album inspired by the spiritual feelings from a pilgrimage.

paragraphs: Dilys Cadwaladr, the former school teacher on the island, in 1953 became the first woman to win the "Crown" at the National Eisteddfod, for her long poem "Y Llen". Artist Brenda Chamberlain won the "Gold Medal for Art" at the Eisteddfod on two occasions: in 1951 for "Girl with Siamese Cat", and in 1953 with "The Christin Children". Some of the murals she painted can still be seen on the walls of "Carreg", where she lived from 1947 to 1962. Wildlife artist Kim Atkinson, whose work has been widely shown in Wales and England, lived on the island as a child, and came back to live there in the 1980s.

paragraphs: Since 1999," "Bardsey Island Trust has had an Artist in Residence who spends several weeks on the island producing work which is later shown on the mainland. A Welsh literary residence was created in 2002; singer-songwriter Fflur Dafydd spent six weeks working on a collection of poetry and prose. Her play "Hugo" was inspired by her stay, and she has produced two novels, "Atyniad ()", which won the prose medal at the 2006 Eisteddfod; and "Twenty Thousand Saints", winner of the "Oxfam Hay Prize", which tells how the women of the island, starved of men, turn to each other.

paragraphs: In 2009 Cowbois Rhos Botwnnog became the first electric rock group to play on the island, as part of S4C's "Bandit" series.

paragraphs: There is a ferry services to Bardsey Island from "Porth Meudwy" and Pwllheli.

paragraphs: At times, the wind and the fierce sea currents make sailing between the island and the mainland impossible. Sometimes boats are unable to reach or leave Bardsey Island for weeks. In 2000, 17 visitors had to stay for two weeks when strong winds prevented a boats from reaching the island.


title: Serifos

paragraphs: Serifos is an island in Greek mythology. It was used to shelter Perseus and his mother.


title: Amplituhedron

paragraphs: An amplituhedron is a geometric shape that makes it easier to calculate particle interactions in quantum field theories.

paragraphs: Currently, the limits of the "N" = 4 supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory, which is used to calculate the amplituhedron, cause it to be a toy theory. Therefore, the application of the amplituhedron is limited in the real world.


title: NHL 15

paragraphs: NHL 15 is an ice hockey video game. It was developed by EA Canada and published by EA Sports. The game was released on September 9, 2014 in North America and on September 12, 2014 in the PAL region. It was released for the PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360, and Xbox One.

paragraphs: Like previous games, fans were allowed to vote for who would be on the cover of "NHL 15". The voting started on May 5, 2014 and will end on June 1, 2014. The final two players left in the contest are P. K. Subban of the Montreal Canadiens and Patrice Bergeron of the Boston Bruins.

paragraphs: IGN rated the game a 7 out of 10 and GameSpot gave the game a 5 out of 10.

paragraphs: Among the fans of the series, the game was met with disdain. This was mainly because of many features that were missing for Xbox One and PlayStation 4 consoles. The IGN community rated the PS3 and Xbox 360 releases, 4/10 and 2.6/10 respectively. Operation Sports created a list of features and modes that were missing but were available in "NHL 14".


title: Ciro de Quadros

paragraphs: Ciro Carlos Araujo de Quadros (30 January 1940 – 28 May 2014) was a Brazilian physician. He was a leader in the field of public health mainly in the area of vaccines and preventable diseases such as polio and smallpox. He was born in Rio Pardo, Rio Grande do Sul.

paragraphs: Ciro de Quadros died from pancreatic cancer in 28 May 2014 in Washington, D.C., United States. He was 74.


title: Joan Lorring

paragraphs: Madeline Ellis (April 17, 1926 – May 30, 2014), better known by her stage name Joan Lorring, was an American actress. Her career lasted from 1944 until 1981. Her best known role was as Bessie Watty in the movie "The Corn Is Green" (1945), starring alongside Bette Davis. She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for the role.

paragraphs: Lorring was born Mary Magdalene Ellis in Hong Kong. She was raised there by her mother until 1939 following the Japanese invasion. They later settled in San Francisco, California. She used the name "Dellie" when she worked on radio.

paragraphs: Lorring was married to Martin Sonenberg, an endocrinologist from New York from 1956 until his death in June 2011. The couple had two daughters, Andrea and Santha.

paragraphs: Lorring died from natural causes on May 30, 2014 in Sleepy Hollow, New York, aged 88.


title: SSX

paragraphs: SSX (short for Snowboard Supercross) is a snowboarding video game published by Electronic Arts Victor in Japan, EA Sports Big in North America and Electronic Arts in Europe. The game was developed by EA Canada. It is the first game in the "SSX series".

paragraphs: It was released on October 26, 2000 in Japan, on October 30, 2000 in North America, and on November 24, 2000 in Europe. Steve Rechtschaffner, the executive producer and creative leader of the game was the inventor of the Olympic snowboard event called Boardercross, which helped serve as an inspiration for the game.

paragraphs: IGN rated the game a 9.3 out of 10, saying "We'll say it for the last time -- this is the best launch game. If you get a PS2, buy this game." GameSpot gave the game a 9.4 out of 10 and stated "terrific snowboarding game that has all the right stuff. Every element comes together and makes for a game that is extremely fun and rewarding to play.


title: Cornell Borchers

paragraphs: Gerlind Cornell Borchers (16 March 1925 – 12 May 2014) was a German-Lithuanian actress. She was active in the late 1940s and 1950s. She was known for starring along with Errol Flynn and Nat King Cole in the movie "Istanbul" (1957).

paragraphs: Borchers was born in Silute, Lithuania. She died in Bavaria, Germany from an illness, aged 89.


title: Brajanath Ratha

paragraphs: Brajanath Ratha (January 12, 1936 – May 31, 2014) was an Indian poet. He is known for writing his poems in Oriya, an Indian language. He won many awards during his 50-year career and was even declared as an honorary ambassador to South Korea by the Indian government.

paragraphs: Ratha died in Sunhat, Balasore, Odisha, aged 78.


title: Ted Cruz

paragraphs: Rafael Edward "Ted" Cruz, Jr. (born December 22, 1970) is a Canadian-American politician. He is the junior United States Senator representing the state of Texas. He is the first person of Cuban or Latino descent to hold the office. He ran for President as a Republican in 2016.

paragraphs: Cruz was born to a Cuban Father, Rafael Cruz, and American mother, Eleanor Darragh, in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. His parents, who worked in the oil business at the time, were in Calgary on business. His father, Rafael Cruz, was born in Cuba and had been fighting against dictator Fulgencio Batista alongside Fidel Castro. Rafael Cruz would later be against Castro after he became a dictator himself. He was raised in Wilmington, Delaware and in Houston, Texas. Cruz studied at Princeton University and at Harvard Law School.

paragraphs: Between 1999 and 2003, Cruz was the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an associate deputy attorney general at the United States Department of Justice, and as domestic policy advisor to U.S. President George W. Bush on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign.

paragraphs: He served as Solicitor General of Texas from 2003 to May 2008, after being appointed by Texas Attorney General Greg Abbott. He was the first Hispanic, the younger and the longest-serving solicitor general in Texas history. Cruz was also an adjunct professor of law at the University of Texas School of Law in Austin, from 2004 to 2009. While there, he taught U.S. Supreme Court litigation. Cruz is one of three Latinos in the Senate; the others—also Americans of Cuban ancestry—are fellow Republican Marco Rubio of Florida and Democrat Bob Menendez of New Jersey.

paragraphs: Cruz was the Republican nominee for the Senate seat vacated by fellow Republican Kay Bailey Hutchison. On July 31, 2012, he defeated Lieutenant Governor David Dewhurst in the Republican primary runoff, 57%–43%. Cruz defeated former state Representative Paul Sadler in the general election on November 6, 2012. He won to 56%–41% over Sadler. Cruz openly identifies with the Tea Party movement and has been endorsed by the Republican Liberty Caucus.

paragraphs: On November 14, 2012, Cruz was appointed vice-chairman of the National Republican Senatorial Committee. Cruz has been a leading opponent of Barack Obama's healthcare reform plan known as Obamacare. He has led efforts to repeal the law.

paragraphs: On March 23, 2015, Cruz announced he would run for the Republican Party nomination in the 2016 U.S. Presidential election. He made his announcement at Liberty University.

paragraphs: On February 1, 2016, Cruz won the first primary state of Iowa beating Donald Trump and Marco Rubio. Since then, Cruz has won Alaska, Texas, and Oklahoma on "Super Tuesday". On April 27, 2016, Cruz named former GOP candidate and businesswoman Carly Fiorina as his running mate.

paragraphs: On May 3, 2016, after losing the Indiana primaries to Donald Trump, Cruz suspended his campaign.

paragraphs: Cruz is married to Heidi Suzanne Nelson. They have two children.


title: Attenborough, Nottinghamshire

paragraphs: Attenborough is a village in Broxtowe, Nottinghamshire, England. Its postcode is NG9. It is a suburb of Nottingham.


title: Blackcomb Peak

paragraphs: Blackcomb Peak is a mountain near the east of Whistler, British Columbia, Canada. It is the boundary between the Whistler Blackcomb ski resort and the Garibaldi Provincial Park. The slopes were host to the sliding sports during the 2010 Winter Olympics. There is a memorial ice axe bolted to the rocks just below the summit to honour extreme skier Trevor Peterson.


title: Epping Forest

paragraphs: Epping Forest is a forest on the border of Greater London, and Essex. It is very long, but very narrow. It stretches over , but at no point it is more than wide. The earliest archeological finds date from the Mesolithic period. There is a Roman villa rustica in the forest.


title: Bryn Celli Ddu

paragraphs: Bryn Celli Ddu is a prehistoric site on the Welsh island of Anglesey near Llanddaniel Fab. Its name means 'the mound in the dark grove'. It was robbed in 1699 and archaeologically dug between 1928 and 1929.

paragraphs: During the Neolithic period a stone circle and henge stood at the site. There were 14 stones in the circle, and the henge was about 30 m in diameter, with a ditch about 5 m across. The ditch was about 2 m deep. There was probably a path or causeway across the ditch to the henge. A small human bone from the ear, covered with a flat stone, was found in an area of burnt material in the centre. The amount of silt in the ditch showed that it had been used for a long time.

paragraphs: The stone circle was pulled down in the early Bronze Age. Five of the stones were removed, two were pushed over, and six were smashed, and one was buried.

paragraphs: A passage grave was built in the centre of the henge. The passage is about 8.5m long and 1 m wide. The burial chamber is about 2 m wide, made from six large upright stones, covered with two capstones. A stone, carved with a twisting, serpent like design was in the burial chamber. It has been moved to the National Museum of Wales and replaced with a copy standing outside. The earth barrow covering the grave was made in after the 1928 dig; the original was probably much bigger.

paragraphs: In 1906 Norman Lockyer said that Bryn Celli Ddu marked the summer solstice. This was made fun of at the time, but research by Christopher Knight and Robert Lomas in 1997- 98 showed it was true. They also say the site can be used as an agricultural calendar. Steve Burrow, curator of Neolithic archaeology at Amgueddfa Cymru (National Museum of Wales), has more recently supported the case for summer solstice alignment. This alignment links Bryn Celli Ddu to other sites, including Maes Howe and Newgrange, both of which point to the Winter solstice. It has also been suggested that a feature similar to the 'lightbox' at Newgrange may be matched at Bryn Celli Ddu (Pitts, 2006).

paragraphs: A row of five postholes which were thought to have been dug at the same time as the tomb, about 3000 BC, are now known to be much earlier. Early results from radiocarbon tests show that pine charcoal from two of the pits goes back to the Mesolithic (Pitts, 2006).

paragraphs: Two researchers, Rupert Soskin and Michael Bott recently suggested that the pillar standing within the chamber is in fact the petrified remains of a tree trunk. Study of the pillar shows that it looks like the bark of a tree, however what is unknown at the moment, is whether the pillar is indeed petrified wood or natural rock chosen by the tomb builders because of its unusual appearance.


title: Epping Forest (district)

paragraphs: Epping Forest district is a district of Essex, bordering Greater London. Much of the district is covered with the forest of the same name. The district was formed on 1 April 1974. Much of the district has a rural appearance. In the south, at the border of Greater London it is more suburban. The biggest town in the district, Loughton, lies in this area. Chipping Ongar is a small market town a bit more to the north. The administration is in Epping, which is roughly in the centre of the district. The rest of the district is dominated by villages.

paragraphs: About 130,000 people live in the borough. The M25 and M11 go through it.


title: Neville McNamara

paragraphs: Air Chief Marshal Sir Neville Patrick McNamara, (17 April 1923 – 7 May 2014) was an Australian war veteran. He was the senior commander of the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF). He served as the RAAF's highest-ranking position, Chief of the Air Staff (CAS), from 1979 until 1982. He was also Chief of the Defence Force Staff (CDFS), Australia's top military role at the time, from 1982 until 1984.

paragraphs: McNamara was born in Toogoolawah, Queensland.

paragraphs: McNamara died on 7 May 2014 in Jervis Bay, New South Wales, aged 91. His wife and two daughters outlived him.


title: Barbara Murray

paragraphs: Barbara Ann Murray (27 September 1929 – 20 May 2014) was an English actress. She was known in movies for appearing in "Passport to Pimlico" (1949), "Meet Mr. Lucifer" (1953) and "The Curse of King Tut's Tomb" (1980). On television, she was best known for her role as Lady Pamela Wilder in the 1960s drama series "The Plane Makers" (and the sequel, "The Power Game"). She was born in London.

paragraphs: Murray was married to actor John Justin from 1952 until they divorced in 1964. The couple had three daughters.

paragraphs: Murray died from a heart attack in Spain, aged 84. She had been in hospital for an operation to fix her broken hip.


title: Alan Sugar

paragraphs: Alan Michael Sugar, Baron Sugar (born 24 March 1947) is a British businessman and television personality.

paragraphs: Sugar founded electronics company Amstrad in 1968. He was the chairman of Tottenham Hotspur F.C. from 1991 until 2001. He is the boss on "The Apprentice". He has a fortune of about £770 million.

paragraphs: Sugar was born in Hackney, London and brought up in a council house there. He married in 1968. The couple live in Chigwell, Essex. They have two sons and a daughter. He is an independent life peer.


title: Reg Gasnier

paragraphs: Reginald William "Reg" Gasnier (12 May 1939 – 11 May 2014), also nicknamed "Gaz", was an Australian rugby league footballer and coach. He played centre for the St. George Dragons from 1959 to 1967 and represented Australia. He was on the National Rugby League's list of 100 greatest players and the honorary Team of the Century.

paragraphs: Gasnier was born in Mortdale, Sydney, New South Wales. He was the uncle of rugby league player Mark Gasnier.

paragraphs: Gasnier died from an illness on 11 May 2014 in Miranda, Sydney. He was 74 and would have turned 75 the next day. His wife and children, Peter and Kellie, outlived him.


title: Mary Soames, Baroness Soames

paragraphs: Mary Soames, Baroness Soames (born Mary Spencer-Churchill; 15 September 1922 – 31 May 2014) was the youngest of the five children of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Winston Churchill and his wife Clementine. Until her death, she was their only surviving child.

paragraphs: Soames was born in Chartwell, Westerham, Kent. She was married to Christopher Soames, Baron Soames or The Lord Soames from 1947 until his death in 1987. The two had five children, Nicholas, Emma, Jeremy, Charlotte and Rupert.

paragraphs: Soames died after a short illness on 31 May 2014 in London, aged 91.


title: Westerham

paragraphs: Westerham is a town in Sevenoaks District in Kent, South East England. About 5,000 people live in Westerham. Its postcode is TN16.


title: Sevenoaks District

paragraphs: Sevenoaks is a borough in the far west of Kent, South East England. It was created on 1 April 1974. About 120,000 people live in the borough. Its headquarters are in Sevenoaks.


title: Joseph Fletcher

paragraphs: Joseph Francis Fletcher (April 10, 1905, Newark, New Jersey – October 28, 1991, Charlottesville, Virginia) was an American professor and bioethicist. He was a member of the American Eugenics Society and the Association for Voluntary Sterilization.