title: Fasciculation

paragraphs: A fasciculation, or "muscle twitch", is a small, local, involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation. At times it may be visible under the skin. Deeper areas can be detected by EMG testing. A fasciculation can happen in any skeletal muscle in the body. Fasciculations can occur in normal healthy people. One uncommon reason for them is due to a lower motor neuron lesion that may be caused by any of several diseases. One example would be Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.


title: Doug Jarrett

paragraphs: Douglas William "Doug" Jarrett (April 22, 1944 – February 10, 2014) was a Canadian ice hockey player. He was a Defense in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Chicago Black Hawks and New York Rangers. He also did work on behalf of the Chicago Blackhawk Alumni Association.

paragraphs: He was born in London, Ontario. In 2011, he was inducted into the London (Ontario) Sports Hall of Fame.

paragraphs: He died from lung cancer on February 10, 2014 in Fort Erie, Ontario. He was aged 69. He was diagnosed with the disease ten days before his death.


title: Cephalaspis

paragraphs: Cephalaspis (meaning 'head shield') is a genus of armoured fish in the early Devonian about 400 million years ago (mya).

paragraphs: It was one of the jawless fishes, or ostracoderms, which were common at the time.

paragraphs: They were discovered in the first half of the 19th century in the Old Red Sandstone of Britain. Louis Agassiz named it in 1835. He had been to Scotland, and seen Hugh Miller's collection. Miller described his collecting later, in a popular work on the rocks and fossils of the Old Red Sandstone in Scotland. Agassoz' single species has now been split into more species, some of which have been moved into a different genus.

paragraphs: "Cephalaspis" was a medium-sized fish that lived in freshwater streams and estuaries of the early Devonian. Some of the fossils are well-preserved, and so we know quite a bit about its anatomy. Its armour was on the dorsal side, and its mouth on the ventral side. Therefore, it is likely that it was a bottom-feeder, nosing about in the mud of a river. It had a typical vertebrate type of brain, with front, middle and rear regions, and nerves to and from sense organs and muscles in the head region.

paragraphs: Its pineal opening between its eyes was probably a light-sensitive organ. On its skull are three areas which obviously had a special function. Many modern fish which live in muddy rivers use both pressure-sensitive lateral lines, and also electrical fields to sense movement. "Cephalaspis" had no lateral lines, but the three fields on its skull were no doubt sensory, for sensing pressure change or electrical fields.

paragraphs: The animal had semi-circular canals to sense balance (one of the functions of our own semi-circular canals). They were capable of sustained swimming, and short rapid bursts. Almost all the fossils are found in strata laid down in freshwater conditions, so the various species live in rivers, streams connected with lakes and estuaries.

paragraphs: Sansom decided that "Cephalaspis" was the sister-taxon of cornuate osteostracans, which have defined corners on the head-shields.


title: Franny Beecher

paragraphs: Francis "Franny" Beecher (September 29, 1921 – February 24, 2014), also known as Frank Beecher, was an American country, jazz, and rock musician. He was the lead guitarist for Bill Haley & His Comets from 1954 to 1962. He was born in Norristown, Pennsylvania.

paragraphs: Beecher died from natural causes on February 24, 2014 at a nursing home in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was aged 92.


title: Tomaž Pengov

paragraphs: Tomaž Pengov (1949 – 10 February 2014) was a Slovenian singer-songwriter, musician and poet. He played a 12-stringed acoustic guitar and lute. He was born in Ljubljana, then part of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. He studied comparative literature at University of Ljubljana's Faculty of Arts.

paragraphs: Pengov died after a short illness on 10 February 2014 in his hometown of Ljubljana. He was aged 64.


title: TMNT (movie)

paragraphs: TMNT is a computer-animated fantasy action movie. It was made in the United States and released in 2007. It is part of the "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles" (TMNT) series. The movie is the fourth in the original "TMNT" movie series. It was the first "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles" movie made with computer-generated imagery (CGI). It was also the first movie in the series in 14 years.

paragraphs: "TMNT" was written and directed by Kevin Munroe. It features the voices of Nolan North, James Arnold Taylor, Mikey Kelley, Mitchell Whitfield, Chris Evans, Sarah Michelle Gellar, Kevin Smith, Patrick Stewart, Zhang Ziyi and Laurence Fishburne (who is the narrator). The animation was created by Imagi Animation Studios. It was produced by Warner Bros. Pictures. It was the last movie that producer Mako Iwamatsu made before his death. It was also produced by Peter Laird, one of the two men who created the Turtles.

paragraphs: The story begins with the four Turtles (Raphael, Leonardo, Donatello, and Michelangelo) having grown apart after their final defeat of the Shredder. Strange things begin happening in New York City as ancient creatures threaten the world. The Turtles must reunite to save it.

paragraphs: "TMNT" premiered in cinemas on March 23, 2007. It was successful, making US$95 million around the world. It received both good and bad reviews from movie critics.


title: Sulkava

paragraphs: Sulkava is a municipality in the Southern Savonia region of Finland. It had almost 3,000 living there in January 2014. The municipality is best known for the annual long distance rowing contest, Sulkavan Suursoudut, around Partalansaari ("Partala Island"). It is just as famous for the large party following the rowing event. The municipalities near it are Juva, Puumala, Rantasalmi, Ruokolahti and Savonlinna.


title: Ruokolahti

paragraphs: Ruokolahti () is a municipality in South Karelia, Finland. It had almost 5,500 people living there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Imatra, Lappeenranta, Parikkala, Puumala, Rautjärvi, Savonlinna, Sulkava and Taipalsaari.

paragraphs: Nearby is the Kummakivi rock. It is a large rock balanced on top of another.


title: Pope Pontian

paragraphs: Pope Pontian (Pontianus) (Pope from 230-235 d. 235 C.E.), was the eighteenth Pope, the official title is the Bishop of Rome of the Catholic Church.

paragraphs: Pontian served as pope mostly during the reign of Roman Emperor Severus, generally considered a peaceful period for Christians, but died during the reign of Maximinus Thrax. Maximinus Thrax did not tolerate Christians and pursued them violently. He arrested Pontian and Hippolytus and sent them to the mines in Sardinia where they died soon after. Pontian's body was returned to Rome a short time later and they were buried in the catacombs of Callistus on the Appian Way. Catacombs were underground chambers where many Christians lived, died and were buried.

paragraphs: Pontian is known for his condemnation of Origen a theologian of the time, and forbade his teachings. Pontian is considered a martyr and a saint of the Catholic Church. His feast day is celebrated on August 13 along with a fellow martyr Hippolytus.


title: Loimaa

paragraphs: Loimaa is a town "(countryside city)" in Southwest Finland. As of January 31. 2014, about 16,700 people lived there. Neighbouring municipalities are Huittinen, Humppila, Koski Tl, Marttila, Oripää, Punkalaidun, Pöytyä, Somero, Säkylä and Ypäjä.

paragraphs: Distances to smaller municipalities are lot smaller.


title: Anthony Blake (bishop)

paragraphs: Anthony Blake ( 1704 – 1787) was an Irish clergyman of the Roman Catholic Church. He was the Bishop of Ardagh and Clonmacnoise from 1756 to 1758 and Archbishop of Armagh from 1758 to 1787.

paragraphs: Blake was the youngest of two sons of Andrew Blake of Kilvine. His family were from County Mayo. They were one of the Tribes of Galway.

paragraphs: He returned to Ireland from France about 1731. He attended the schools Saint-Omer and Louvain. He was made priest in the archdiocese of Tuam. He held the positions of dean of the chapter and vicar general to the archbishop. From 1741 to 1756 he served as Warden of Galway. His most nobable action was to build a new parish chapel in the town's middle street. This chapel stood until 1833.


title: Pope Anterus

paragraphs: Pope Anterus (November 21, 235-January 3, 236 C.E.) was the nineteenth Pope, (the official title is the Bishop of Rome) of the Catholic Church.

paragraphs: He served less than two months and died a natural death. He was buried in the cemetery of Callistus on the Appian Way.

paragraphs: He is considered a Saint by the Catholic Church and his feast day is celebrated of January.


title: Fair Labor Standards Act

paragraphs: The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (abbreviated as FLSA; also referred to as the Wages and Hours Bill) is a federal of the United States.

paragraphs: The FLSA introduced a maximum 44-hour workweek (reduced to a 40-hour workweek by 1940). It established a national minimum wage (of 25¢ per hour). It guaranteed "time-and-a-half" for overtime in certain jobs. The FLSA also prohibited most employment of minors in "oppressive child labor". The FLSA created a Wage and Hour Division in the Department of Labor. The statute applies to employees engaged in interstate commerce or employed by a business engaged in commerce or in the production of goods for commerce, unless the employer can claim an from these requirements.

paragraphs: The FLSA was originally written in 1932 by Senator Hugo Black. He was later appointed to the Supreme Court in 1937. However, Black's proposal to require employers to adopt a thirty-hour workweek met stiff resistance. In 1938 a revised version of Black's proposal was passed that adopted an eight-hour day and a forty-hour workweek. It allowed workers to earn wages for an extra four hours of overtime as well. According to the act, workers must be paid minimum wage and overtime pay must be one-and-a-half times regular pay. Children under eighteen cannot do certain dangerous jobs. Also children under the age of sixteen cannot work during school hours. There were 700,000 workers affected by the FLSA. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt called it the most important piece of New Deal legislation passed since the Social Security Act of 1935.


title: Wage Stabilization Board

paragraphs: The Wage Stabilization Board (WSB) was an independent agency of the United States government. Its function was to make wage control policy recommendations. The WSB would then implement such wage controls as were approved. There were two agencies with the same name. The first, the National Wage Stabilization Board, was the successor to the National War Labor Board. It existed from January 1, 1946, to February 24, 1947. The second, the Wage Stabilization Board, was a part of the Office of Defense Mobilization. It existed from September 9, 1950, to February 6, 1953.

paragraphs: The Korean War broke out on June 25, 1950. There was an initial surge of inflation in the American economy. But soon Truman's war mobilization effort began to achieve some success in stabilizing the economy.


title: Al Greene

paragraphs: Altar Alfonse "Al" Greene (November 9, 1954 – February 18, 2014) was an American baseball outfielder. He played in the Major League Baseball (MLB) for Detroit Tigers during 1979. He was born in Detroit, Michigan.

paragraphs: Greene died on February 18, 2014 in his hometown of Detroit, Michigan. He was aged 59.


title: Gordon Nutt

paragraphs: Gordon Nutt (8 November 1932 – 26 February 2014) was an English professional footballer who was a winger. Nutt was active in England, Wales, the Netherlands, and Australia. He made over 150 career appearances. He played for Coventry City F.C. from 1951 to 1954.

paragraphs: Nutt was born in Birmingham. He died on 26 February 2014, in Tasmania, Australia, at the age of 81.


title: Al Feldstein

paragraphs: Albert B. Feldstein (October 24, 1925 – April 29, 2014) was an American writer, editor, and artist. He is best known for his work at EC Comics. He worked from 1956 to 1985 as the editor of the satirical magazine "Mad". After retiring from "Mad", Feldstein worked on American paintings of Western wildlife.

paragraphs: Feldstein died on April 29, 2014 at his home near Livingston, Montana. No cause of death was released.


title: Will Eisner

paragraphs: William Erwin "Will" Eisner (March 6, 1917 – January 3, 2005) was an American cartoonist. His comic strip "The Spirit" was one of the most popular and influential in the history of comic strips. Eisner is thought to be one of the most famous cartoonist. He has an award named after him, the Will Eisner Award for the best in comics.

paragraphs: Eisner died in Fort Lauderdale, Florida from heart surgery complications. He was 87 years old.


title: Joe Shuster

paragraphs: Joseph Shuster (July 10, 1914 – July 30, 1992) was a Canadian-American cartoonist. Shuster along with Jerry Siegel created "Superman". It proved one of the most popular and influential comic book hero in comic book history.

paragraphs: Shuster died of a heart failure and hypertension in Los Angeles, California, aged 78.


title: Bülend Ulusu

paragraphs: Saim Bülend Ulusu (24 April 1923 – 23 December 2015) was a Turkish admiral. He was Prime Minister of Turkey serving from September 21, 1980 through December 13, 1983. He was succeeded by future Turkish president Turgut Özal.


title: Adnan Pachachi

paragraphs: Adnan al-Pachachi or Adnan Muzahim Ameen al-Pachachi () (May 14, 1923 – November 17, 2019) was an Iraqi politician and diplomat. Pachachi was Iraq's Permanent Representative to the United Nations from 1959 to 1965 and Foreign Minister of Iraq from 1965 to 1967 during the Six-Day War with Israel.

paragraphs: Pachachi died in Abu Dhabi on November 17, 2019 at the age of 96.


title: Ninian Stephen

paragraphs: Sir Ninian Martin Stephen, (15 June 1923 – 29 October 2017) was an Australian jurist, civil servant, and politician. He served as the 20th Governor-General of Australia and as a Justice in the High Court of Australia.

paragraphs: Stephen died in Melbourne on 29 October 2017, aged 94.


title: Jamshid Amouzegar

paragraphs: Jamshid Amouzegar (25 June 1923 – 27 September 2016) was an Iranian economist, artist and politician. He was the prime minister of Iran from 7 August 1977 to 27 August 1978 when he resigned. Before that, he served as the minister of interior and minister of finance in the cabinet of Amir-Abbas Hoveida. He was the leader of Rastakhiz Party during his tenure as prime minister.

paragraphs: Amouzegar was born on 25 June 1923 in Tehran, Iran. He graduated from Tehran University with degrees in law and engineering. Then he attended Cornell University and received a PhD. He died on 27 September 2016 in Rockville, Maryland, aged 93.


title: Seán Treacy

paragraphs: Seán Treacy (22 September 1923 – 23 March 2018) was a former Irish politician. He was the Ceann Comhairle (chairman) of Dáil Éireann from 1973 to 1977 and from 1987 to 1997.

paragraphs: He was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 1981 to 1984, replacing Eileen Desmond who resigned as an MEP when she was appointed Minister for Health and Social Welfare.

paragraphs: Treacy died on 23 March 2018 in Clonmel, Ireland at the age of 94.


title: Khamtai Siphandon

paragraphs: General Khamtai Siphandon (; born 8 February 1924) is a Laotian politician. He was President of Laos from 24 February 1998, until 8 June 2006, when he was officially replaced by Choummaly Sayasone. He also served as Prime Minister of Laos from 15 August 1991 to 24 February 1998.


title: Gayville, South Dakota

paragraphs: Gayville is a town in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is located in Yankton County, and 407 people lived there at the 2010 census. Gayville became a town in 1892.


title: Mission Hill, South Dakota

paragraphs: Mission Hill is a town in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is located in Yankton County, and 177 people lived there at the 2010 census. Mission Hill became a town in 1913.


title: Inge Keller

paragraphs: Inge Keller (15 December 1923 – 6 February 2017) was a German actress. Her career on stage and on movies has for seventy years. She was one of the most well-known performers in the former German Democratic Republic. Keller was known for her roles in "The Last Year", "Aimée & Jaguar", "Council of the Gods", "Lola and Billy the Kid", "Karla", "The Fiancé", and in "Woman Doctors".

paragraphs: Keller was born on 15 December 1923 in Berlin, Germany. Keller died in a Berlin nursing home on 6 February 2017, aged 93.


title: Colony of Natal

paragraphs: The Colony of Natal was a British colony in south-eastern Africa. It was formed on 4 May 1843 after the British government had annexed the independent 1839 Boer Republic of Natalia. In the 1860s many workers from British India came to live in Natal. On 31 May 1910, it unified with three other colonies to form the Union of South Africa. It now forms the larger province of KwaZulu-Natal of the Republic of South Africa.


title: Carlos Humberto Romero

paragraphs: General Carlos Humberto Romero Mena (February 29, 1924 – February 27, 2017) was a Salvadoran politician and military personnel. He served as President of El Salvador, elected on February 20, 1977 in a fraudulent election and inaugurated on July 1, 1977. Romero held power until October 1979 when he was forced-out of office with a reformist coup d'état by dissident, politically conservative and moderate military officers and civilians.

paragraphs: Romero died in San Salvador on February 27, 2017 at the age of 92.


title: Tomiichi Murayama

paragraphs: He was the head of the Social Democratic Party of Japan (until 1996, the Japan Socialist Party) and the first socialist prime minister in nearly fifty years. He is most remembered today for his speech "On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the war's end," in which he said sorry for what his country of Japan did over World War II.

paragraphs: Murayama was born on Ōita, Japan in 3 March 1924. He studied at Meiji University.


title: Noboru Takeshita

paragraphs: Takeshita died on 19 June 2000 in Tokyo, Japan from respiratory failure, aged 76.


title: Volin, South Dakota

paragraphs: Volin is a town in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is located in Yankton County, and 161 people lived there at the 2010 census. Volin became a town in 1901.


title: Sōsuke Uno

paragraphs: Uno's main action as prime minister was to increase consumption tax, which caused an uproar among many voters and led to the Japan Socialist Party's victory in the Tokyo metropolitan legislative election of 1989. Uno's government was also hurt his actions. It was also effected from the Recruit Scandal of 1988. Uno assumed office on 3 June 1989. He would soon resign two months later because of a sex scandal accusation.

paragraphs: Uno died on 19 May 1998 in Moriyama, Shiga, Japan from pneumonia, aged 75.


title: Tsutomu Hata

paragraphs: Hata died on 28 August 2017 in Tokyo at the age of 82.


title: Ryutaro Hashimoto

paragraphs: Hashimoto died on 1 July 2006 in Tokyo, Japan from complication after abdominal surgery, aged 68.


title: Keizō Obuchi

paragraphs: Obuchi died on 14 May 2000 at the age of 62 in Tokyo from complications of a stroke.


title: Abderrahmane Youssoufi

paragraphs: Abderrahmane Youssoufi ( ; ; 8 March 1924 – 29 May 2020) is a Moroccan politician and human rights activist. He was the Prime Minister of Morocco from 1998 to 2002. He was a human rights lawyer.

paragraphs: Youssoufi died of lung cancer on 29 May 2020 at a Casablanca hospital, aged 96.


title: Kenneth Kaunda

paragraphs: Kenneth David Kaunda (born 28 April 1924), also known as KK, is a Zambian politician and teacher. He first served as the first President of Zambia from 1964 to 1991. He was also Secretary General of the Non-Aligned Movement from September 1970 to September 1973.


title: Dawda Jawara

paragraphs: Sir Dawda Kairaba Jawara, GCMG (May 16, 1924 – August 27, 2019) was an Gambian politician. He was the first leader of the Gambia, serving first as Prime Minister from 1962 to 1970. Then, he served as President from 1970 to 1994.

paragraphs: Jawara died on August 27, 2019 in Bakau, The Gambia at the age of 95.


title: Jaime Lusinchi

paragraphs: Jaime Ramón Lusinchi (27 May 1924 – 21 May 2014) was a politician of Venezuela. He was the President of Venezuela from 1984 to 1989.

paragraphs: Lusinchi was born in Clarines, Anzoátegui, on 27 May 1924. He studied at Central University of Venezuela.

paragraphs: He became president in 1984. When he was president, Venezuela was through an economic crisis, growth of the external debt, populist policies, currency depreciation, inflation and corruption that exacerbated the crisis of the political system established in 1958.

paragraphs: Accused of corruption after leaving office, Lusinchi was popular during his presidency, and was succeeded by a member of his party, Carlos Andrés Pérez.

paragraphs: Lusinchi divorced his first wife Gladys Castillo. He then married Blanca Ibanez. He lived in Caracas, Venezuela.

paragraphs: Lusinchi died in Caracas, Venezuela from respiratory failure, aged 89.


title: György Lázár

paragraphs: György Lázár (15 September 1924 – 2 October 2014) was a former Hungarian Communist politician. He served as Chairman of the Council of Ministers from 1975 to 1987. He retired in 1988.

paragraphs: Lázár died on 2 October 2014 in Budapest, Hungary, aged 90. His death was announced on 30 October 2014.


title: Alphons Egli

paragraphs: Alphons Egli (8 October 1924 – 5 August 2016) was a Swiss politician. He was a member of the Swiss Federal Council (1983–1986).

paragraphs: He was elected to the Federal Council of Switzerland on 8 December 1982 and handed over office on 31 December 1986. He had connections to the Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland. He was also President of the Confederation in 1986.

paragraphs: Egli was a citizen of Entlebuch and Lucerne.


title: Lubomír Štrougal

paragraphs: Lubomír Štrougal (born October 19, 1924 in Veselí nad Lužnicí) is a former Czech politician. He was a communist. He served as Prime minister of Czechoslovakia from 28 January 1970 to 12 October 1988.


title: Eino Uusitalo

paragraphs: Eino Uusitalo (born 1 December 1924, in Soini) is a Finnish politician from the Centre Party. Uusitalo studied to be an agronomist. He was a member of the parliament from 1955 to 1983 from the list of Centre Party. He was also Deputy Prime Minister.

paragraphs: Uusitalo is remembered mostly because of his proposition to declare 19 September as a second independence day of Finland. That date is the day of Moscow Armistice 1944. Uusitalo was fighting in the Continuation War 1942-1944 in Metsäpirtti, Karelian Isthmus.


title: Ball-peen hammer

paragraphs: A ball-peen (also spelled pein) hammer, also known as a machinist's hammer, is a type of peening hammer used in metalworking.

paragraphs: It is classified from a cross-peen hammer, point-peen hammer or chisel-peen hammer by having a hemispherical head. Though the process of peening has become rarer in metal fabrication, the ball-peen hammer remains useful for many tasks, such as striking punches and chisels.


title: Eino Leino

paragraphs: Eino Leino (6 July 1878 – 10 January 1926) was a Finnish poet and journalist. He is considered to be one of the pioneers of Finnish poetry.

paragraphs: His poems combine modern and Finnish folk elements. The style of much of his work is like the "Kalevala" and folk songs. He was known for writing about love, sadness, and about nature.


title: Mário Soares

paragraphs: Mário Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares, , , , (; 7 December 1924 – 7 January 2017) was a Portuguese politician. He served as Prime Minister of Portugal from 1976 to 1978 and from 1983 to 1985. He soon became President of Portugal from 1986 to 1996.


title: United States Women's Bureau

paragraphs: The United States Women's Bureau (WB) is an agency of the United States government. It is a part of the United States Department of Labor. The Woman's Bureau was established by Congress in 1920. It is the only federal agency mandated to represent the needs of women in the public policy process. The Director is appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate. He or she is supported by a staff in the national office as well as ten regional offices.

paragraphs: In 1918 President Woodrow Wilson created Woman in Industry Service. It was the predecessor of the more permanent Women's Bureau which was founded in 1920. The agency was founded by an act of Congress. The first director was Mary Anderson. She had been the assistant director of the Woman in Industry Service. She remained the director through World War II. In 1922, the WB investigated and reported on the conditions facing 'negro women in industry.' The WB successfully advocated for the of women under the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938. By 1942 shortages of and efforts by woman's advocate groups such as the Women's Bureau saw the female go up from 12 to 18 million. Their wages doubled and even tripled during the war. But after the war the difference between woman's and men's working wages returned. In the 1950s, the Woman's Board focused on 'older women as .' The WB played a large role in the passage of the Equal Pay Act of 1963. In 1982, the Woman's Board started a major initiative to encourage employer-sponsored . This was followed by the start of a multimedia Work and Family Clearinghouse in 1989. they also worked for the passage of the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993. In 1996, the Woman's Board published a fact sheet on the workplace effects of domestic violence.


title: Black caiman

paragraphs: The black caiman ("Melanosuchus niger") is a species of caiman. It is the largest living member of the Alligatoridae family. It lives along slow-moving rivers, lakes and wetlands in the Amazon Basin of South America. The black caiman has very dark skin. It can grow up to in length.


title: Ken Ham

paragraphs: Kenneth Alfred Ham (born 20 October 1951) is an Australian young-Earth creationist. He is the president of Answers in Genesis (AiG). Ham is also the founder of the Creation Museum in Petersburg, Kentucky, United States. He is a former high school science teacher.

paragraphs: Ham was born on 20 October 1951 in Cairns, Queensland. His father was a Christian educator who settled his family in Brisbane, working as a school principal. Ham earned a Bachelor of Applied Science degree from Queensland Institute of Technology. He also earned a diploma in Education from the University of Queensland.

paragraphs: On 4 February 2014, at the Creation Museum, Ham debated Bill Nye (also known as "Bill Nye the Science Guy"). The topic was the question "Is Creation A Viable Model of Origins?". The televised event drew over three million viewers. Ham's position was the world was created about 6,000 years ago. He also defended his position that all animals alive today descend from those aboard Noah's Ark. Nye argued that radioisotopic and ice core data shows that Earth has existed for much longer than 6,000 years. He also added that using the Bible's description of the Ark it could not float. A number of experts were critical of the debate saying that it did not discuss important areas. At least one said neither did very well. An informal viewer's poll showed 92% thought Nye won the debate. However, "Debate is a tool for showing who's a better orator, not necessarily who's right. And Ken Ham is no mean orator, usually," noted the National Center for Science Education, a not-for-profit membership organization that defends the teaching of evolution and climate science."

paragraphs: He married Marylin "Mally" on 30 December 1972. They have five children together. The Ham couple live in unincorporated Boone County, Kentucky.


title: Jim Lange

paragraphs: Jim Lange (August 15, 1932 – February 25, 2014) was an American game show host and disc jockey. He was best known to radio listeners for his work as an announcer on stations in California. He was best known to television viewers as the host of "The Dating Game". He was born in Saint Paul, Minnesota.

paragraphs: Lange died from a heart attack on February 25, 2014 at his home in Mill Valley, California. He was aged 81. He was survived by his wife of over 35 years, Nancy Fleming, who won the Miss America crown in 1961.


title: Colin Mochrie

paragraphs: Colin Andrew Mochrie (; born November 30, 1957) is a Scottish-Canadian actor, comedian and writer. He is best known for his work as a regular on both the British and American versions of the improvisational comedy television show "Whose Line Is It Anyway?".

paragraphs: Mochrie was born in Kilmarnock, Scotland. In 1964, he moved with his family to Canada. He first moved to Montreal, Quebec and finally Vancouver, British Columbia.


title: Wayne Brady

paragraphs: Wayne Alphonso Brady (born June 2, 1972) is an American actor, singer, comedian and television personality. He is best known for his work as a regular on the American version of the improvisational comedy television show "Whose Line Is It Anyway?". He has also daytime talk show "The Wayne Brady Show", the original host of Fox's "Don't Forget the Lyrics!", and the host of "Let's Make a Deal" on CBS.

paragraphs: Brady was born in Columbus, Georgia. He moved to Orlando, Florida as a young child to live with his grandmother and aunt.


title: Jan Hoet

paragraphs: Jan Hoet (23 June 1936 – 27 February 2014) was a Belgian art critic and curator. He was the founder of Stedelijk Museum voor Actuele Kunst (SMAK; ).

paragraphs: He was born in Leuven. On 17 June 2012, he collapsed at the airport in Hamburg, Germany after having a heart attack. On 23 June 2012, Hoet suffered from hypercapnia and he was being held in a coma at the hospital of Soltau, Germany. He soon returned to Ghent.

paragraphs: Hoet suffered a second heart attack in January 2014. He died at a hospital in Ghent on February 27, 2014. He was aged 77.


title: Fryazino

paragraphs: Fryazino is a scientific town in Moscow Oblast, Russia. It is about 25 miles northeast of the city of Moscow. The population is about 55,369.

paragraphs: Fryazino is an electronics center. Merloni Electrodomestici of Italy has facilities in Fryazino that make electric stoves and washing machines. Currently, however, a large part of the population of Fryazino works in Moscow.

paragraphs: The first school was opened in Fryazino in 1912. There are seven schools, including five secondary and gymnasiums in the town now. By the end of 1980, 20% of the population of Fryazino had a higher education.


title: Seth Meyers

paragraphs: Seth Adam Meyers (born December 28, 1973) is an American actor, voice actor, screenwriter, producer, television host and comedian. He is best known for hosting NBC's "Saturday Night Live" news parody segment "Weekend Update" and the NBC talk show "Late Night with Seth Meyers". The latter program premiered on February 24, 2014.

paragraphs: Meyers was born in Evanston, Illinois to Hillary and Lawrence Meyers. in 1996 he graduated from Northwestern University. After college he and his brother Josh moved to Amsterdam. They joined a comedy improv group called Boom Chicago. In 2001 he auditioned for producer Lorne Michaels of Saturday Night Live and joined the cast that same year.


title: Neil deGrasse Tyson

paragraphs: Neil deGrasse Tyson (; born October 5, 1958) is an American astrophysicist, author, and science communicator. He is currently the Frederick P. Rose Director of the Hayden Planetarium at the Rose Center for Earth and Space and a research associate in the department of astrophysics at the American Museum of Natural History.

paragraphs: Tyson was born in the borough Manhattan of New York City, New York. He graduated from The Bronx High School of Science. He received his Bachelor of Arts degree in Physics from Harvard University. He earned his doctorate degree in Astrophysics from Columbia University. He lives in Lower Manhattan with his wife and two children.

paragraphs: In December 2018, Tyson was accused on sexual misconduct by many female former students. He said that the allegations were not true, but Fox and National Geographic announced that they would launch an investigation into the matter.


title: Intelligence agency

paragraphs: An intelligence agency is a government agency. Its job is to collect, analyse, and use information to support its government.

paragraphs: There are two parts to this, and usually they are done by separate agencies. The first part is to collect information (to "spy") on other countries. The other side is to watch people in the home country who might cause problems. A third activity is to defend against foreign intelligence agencies in the home country. This is called counter-intelligence, and is often done by a separate agency.

paragraphs: What the agencies discover is called "intelligence". It may be used to help law enforcement, security, defence and foreign policy.

paragraphs: The methods of information gathering are sometimes covert (hidden) and sometimes quite open. A covert method might be to steal and copy secret documents. An open method would be to read all published work on some important matter, and analyse it. Much important material is published openly in democratic countries.

paragraphs: To get hold of secret information, these organisations use espionage, intercept signals (tap phones, hack computers), cryptanalysis (break codes), and think about what the information means. Putting together and communicating information is known as intelligence analysis and assessment.

paragraphs: Some agencies have been involved in assassination, arms trafficking, coups d'état, and the placement of misinformation (propaganda) as well as other covert operations, in order to support their own or their governments' interests.

paragraphs: The United States has about 17 major intelligence groups, and many other smaller groups. These are the most important:


title: Elias Lönnrot

paragraphs: Elias Lönnrot (9 April 1802 – 19 March 1884) was a Finnish philologist. He collected traditional spoken poems and made a book of them. He made Finland's national epic, "Kalevala". This is a book of traditional folk stories and poems. He collected these during several journeys across Finland, Karelia, and parts of Russia and the Baltic countries.

paragraphs: Lönnrot, Mikael Agricola and Aleksis Kivi are regarded fathers of a national literature in Finnish.

paragraphs: Lönnrot also the first book about plants in Finland, "Flora Fennica" () in 1860.

paragraphs: He born and died in Sammatti, an old town in Uusimaa.


title: Tana River (Norway)

paragraphs: The Tana River ( or ; ; ), is a river in Sápmi area of northern Scandinavia. The river flows through Finnmark county, Norway and the Lapland region of Finland. The Sámi name means "Great River". The main tributaries of Tana are Anarjohka and Karasjohka rivers. It is one of the world's most important rivers for Atlantic salmon reproduction.


title: Alexander Salák

paragraphs: Alexander Salák (born January 5, 1987) is a Czech ice hockey goaltender. He currently plays for SKA Saint Petersburg in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).

paragraphs: Salák started his career playing in the SM-liiga with the TPS Turku. He played there for 2 seasons and was signed by the Florida Panthers of the NHL on May 29, 2009. He played two games with the Panthers and was sent down to their AHL affiliate, the Rochester Americans. Salák was loaned to Färjestads BK of the Swedish Elite League (SEL) to play in the 2010-11 season.

paragraphs: On February 9, 2011, the Panthers traded Salák along with Michael Frolík to the Chicago Blackhawks for Jack Skille, Hugh Jessiman, and David Pacan. The Blackhawks signed him to a two-year contract on May 31, 2011. The Blackhawks released him from his contract on June 18, 2012.


title: Atlantic salmon

paragraphs: The Atlantic salmon, "Salmo salar", is a fish in the family Salmonidae. Atlantic salmon are found in the northern Atlantic Ocean and in rivers that flow into the north Atlantic. They have also been successfully transplanted into the north Pacific Ocean. Other names for Atlantic salmon are: bay salmon, black salmon, caplin-scull salmon, Sebago salmon, silver salmon, fiddler, or outside salmon. Atlantic salmon that don't journey to sea are known as landlocked salmon or . This can be due to human interference or natural disasters.

paragraphs: Most Atlantic salmon follow an life cycle. Once hatched, they are called alevins. They live off the nutrients in their they were born with. Once they start feeding they are called fry. They grow into juveniles or parr and remain in fresh water for a number of years while growing. When they leave fresh water they are called smolts. Smolts leave the streams and move into the ocean for feeding and growth. The post-smolts change from territorial behavior to that of open ocean, possibly shoaling, fish. Their mortality rate while in the ocean is very high. The rate is from 90% to as high as 99%. After 1–5 years at sea they return to spawn in the same streams they were born in. Unlike most Pacific varieties Atlantic salmon are meaning they don't automatically die after their first spawning. But the stress of spawning, predators, or disease does kill many. The remainder return to sea to spawn again and again.

paragraphs: There is a variety in the life cycle of Atlantic salmon. They do not require salt water. Numerous examples of fully fresh water landlocked Atlantic salmon exist throughout the Northern Hemisphere. In North America, the landlocked fish are called ouananiche. Fresh water Atlantic salmon are smaller than the (ocean-dwelling) Atlantic salmon.


title: Huber Matos

paragraphs: Huber Matos Benítez (26 November 1918 – 27 February 2014) was a Cuban dissident activist and writer from Yara, Granma Province.

paragraphs: He was best known as a revolutionary who assisted Fidel Castro, Che Guevara and other members of the 26th of July Movement (M-26-7) in removing the dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista as part of the Cuban Revolution. He was against Batista since the general's effective coup in 1952, which he called unconstitutional, but became more critical of the movement's shift towards Marxist principles, and closing ties with leaders of the Communist Party of Cuba (PCC). He was convicted of "treason and sedition" by the new Castro regime. He would spend 20 years in prison (1959–1979) before being released in 1979.

paragraphs: After his release, he spent his time between Miami, Florida, United States and Costa Rica. He was politically active in speaking out against the Cuban government.

paragraphs: Matos died from a heart attack on 27 February 2014 in Miami, Florida. He was aged 95.


title: Non-Stop (movie)

paragraphs: Non-Stop is a 2014 French-American action thriller/mystery movie directed by Jaume Collet-Serra. It was produced by Joel Silver. It stars Liam Neeson and Julianne Moore. It will be released on February 28, 2014.


title: Ghostbusters (1984 movie)

paragraphs: Ghostbusters is a American supernatural comedy movie directed by Ivan Reitman. It is about people fighting ghosts in New York City. It was written by Dan Aykroyd and Harold Ramis. It stars Bill Murray, Dan Aykroyd, Harold Ramis, Sigourney Weaver, Annie Potts, William Atherton, Ernie Hudson and Rick Moranis. The music was composed by Elmer Bernstein. It was released on June 8, 1984. It was followed by "Ghostbusters II".


title: Rick Moranis

paragraphs: Frederick Allan "Rick" Moranis (born April 18, 1953) is a Canadian actor, comedian, screenwriter and songwriter. He was nominated for a Grammy Award two times. He was known for his role in the movie "Honey, I Shrunk the Kids". He is also known for appearing in "Ghostbusters", "The Flintstones", "Spaceballs", and in "Little Shop of Horrors".


title: Elmer Bernstein

paragraphs: Elmer Bernstein (April 4, 1922 – August 18, 2004) was an American composer and conductor. He is best known for his many movie soundtracks.

paragraphs: His musical career last for fifty years, he composed music for over one hundred movies and television shows. His most popular works include the scores to "The Magnificent Seven", "The Ten Commandments", "The Great Escape", "To Kill a Mockingbird", "Ghostbusters", "The Black Cauldron" and "The Rookies".

paragraphs: Bernstein died of cancer on August 18, 2004.


title: Sorel Etrog

paragraphs: Sorel Etrog, CM (August 29, 1933 – February 26, 2014) was a Romanian-born Canadian artist, writer and philosopher. He is best known for his work as a sculptor. In 1966, works by Etrog, Alex Colville and Yves Gaucher represented Canada at the Venice Biennale.

paragraphs: He died from prostate cancer in Toronto. He was aged 80.


title: Ernie Hudson

paragraphs: Earnest Lee "Ernie" Hudson (born December 17, 1945) is an American actor. He is known for his roles as Winston Zeddemore in the "Ghostbusters" movie series, Sergeant Albrecht in "The Crow", and Warden Leo Glynn on HBO's "Oz".


title: Shehu Shagari

paragraphs: Shehu Usman Aliyu Shagari, "Turakin Sakkwato" (25 February 1925 – 28 December 2018) was a Nigerian politician. He served as the President of Nigeria's Second Republic from 1979 to 1983. His government was given power by General Olusegun Obasanjo's military government.

paragraphs: Shagari died on 28 December 2018 at a hospital in Abuja, Nigeria from a short-illness at the age of 93.


title: Ali Hassan Mwinyi

paragraphs: Ali Hassan Mwinyi (born May 8, 1925) is a Tanzanian politician. He was the second President of Tanzania from 1985 to 1995. Before that he had been Interior Minister and Vice President. He also was chairman of the ruling party, the Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) from 1990 to 1996.

paragraphs: Mwinyi was born in Kivure, in the Pwani Region.


title: Nicholas Brathwaite

paragraphs: Sir Nicholas Alexander Brathwaite PC (8 July 1925 – 28 October 2016) was a Grenadian politician. He was the acting Prime Minister of Grenada from 1983 to 1984. He then served as the 5th Prime Minister of Grenada from 1990 to 1995. He resigned from his duties as prime minister in 1995. He was knighted the same year.


title: Mahathir Mohamad

paragraphs: Tun Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad ; born 10 July 1925) is a Malaysian politician. He was the Prime Minister of Malaysia from May 2018 to March 2020. He was also the fourth Prime Minister of Malaysia. He held the job for 22 years from 1981 to 2003. This made him Malaysia's longest-serving Prime Minister. His political career lasted for almost 40 years until briefly retiring.

paragraphs: During his job, he made many laws that helped Malaysia become richer, but he also made other laws to punish people who criticised him. But he was a kind person.

paragraphs: At 94, he is the oldest living Prime Minister of Malaysia and was the world's oldest head of state or government still in office until he resigned in February 2020.

paragraphs: In 2018, Mahathir announced his bid for another term as Malaysian Prime Minister for the 2018 general election. He won the election in May 2018.

paragraphs: On 24 February 2020, Mohamad announced his resignation as Prime Minister. He resignation came into effect on 1 March.


title: Quett Masire

paragraphs: Quett Ketumile Joni Masire, GCMG (23 July 1925 – 22 June 2017) was a Botswana politician. He was the second President of Botswana for the Botswana Democratic Party from 1980 to 1998. He was born in Kanye.

paragraphs: Masire died in Gaborone, Botswana on 22 June 2017 from surgical complications at the age of 91.


title: Ali Bozer

paragraphs: Ali Husrev Bozer (28 July 1925 – 30 September 2020) was a Turkish politician and professor of commercial law.

paragraphs: He was originally a member of the Nationalist Democracy Party (MDP). He then joined the Motherland Party (ANAP). He served as Deputy Prime Minister under Turgut Özal and Yıldırım Akbulut. He was also Minister of Foreign Affairs.

paragraphs: He was born in Ankara. Bozer died on 30 September 2020 in Ankara from COVID-19, aged 95.


title: Gérard Kango Ouédraogo

paragraphs: Gérard Kango Ouédraogo (19 September 1925 – 1 July 2014) was Prime Minister of Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso) from 13 February 1971 to 8 February 1974. He was President of the National Assembly of Burkina Faso from 1978 to November 25, 1980.

paragraphs: He served in the French National Assembly from 1956-1959.

paragraphs: Gérard Ouédraogo was born on September 19, 1925, in Ouahigouya, at the entrance of an ancestral site, Naaba Kango Cave. His name Kango was originally Kaongo, that is to say the field that surrounds a palace or a concession.

paragraphs: Founder of the MRV (Voltaic regroupment movement), he was deputy of Upper Volta under the Fourth Republic, then in the first National Assembly of the Fifth Republic. He was ambassador of the new independent state of Upper Volta in Great Britain from 1960 to 1966. Subsequently, he continued to play an important role in the political life of the country, notably by sitting in the National Assembly for the constituency of Ouahigouya and being one of the leaders of the UDV / RDA (Democratic Union Voltaic, member of the African Democratic Rally). He was Prime Minister of Upper Volta from 1971 to 1974, under the presidency of Aboubacar Sangoulé Lamizana.

paragraphs: President of the National Assembly during the coup d'état of Saye Zerbo on November 25, 1980, he was imprisoned several times under the dictatorships of Saye Zerbo, Thomas Sankara and Blaise Compaore. Since the easing of the regime presided over by the latter head of state in the early 1990s, he was elected twice as MP under the Fourth Republic, before resigning on May 27, 1998. Shortly thereafter, the African Democratic Rally appointed honorary president for life.


title: Yang Hyong-sop

paragraphs: is a North Korean politician. He was elected chairman of the Supreme People's Assembly in 1983, and served until 1998. He is vice president of the Presidium of the Spa (1998-2019).

paragraphs: Yang was born in Hamhung. He attended Moscow State University and Kim Il-sung University. He is married to Kim Shin-sook, a cousin of Kim Il-Sung.


title: Antoine Gizenga

paragraphs: Antoine Gizenga (5 October 1925 – 24 February 2019) was a Congolese politician. He was the Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo from 30 December 2006 to 10 October 2008. He is the Secretary-General of the Unified Lumumbist Party ("Parti Lumumbiste Unifié", PALU).

paragraphs: Gizenga was born in Mushiko, Bandundu. He died on 24 February 2019 in Kinshasa, aged 93.


title: Czesław Kiszczak

paragraphs: Czesław Jan Kiszczak (; 19 October 1925 – 5 November 2015) was a Polish politician. He was active during the Polish People's Republic, the Communist period in Poland.

paragraphs: Kiszczak was a member of the Polish Workers' Party and later the Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR). He served as a high-ranking officer of the Polish Army, a chief of secret services and Minister of Internal Affairs (MSW) between 1981 and 1990.

paragraphs: He served during the years of Martial Law in Poland. He was an assistant of Wojciech Jaruzelski. He was also the last Communist Prime Minister of Poland, serving briefly in 1989.


title: Gregorio Conrado Álvarez

paragraphs: Gregorio Conrado Álvarez Armelino (November 26, 1925 – December 28, 2016) was a Uruguayan general and former dictator. He served as the "de facto" president of Uruguay from 1981 until 1985.

paragraphs: On October 22, 2009, he was convicted for 37 counts of murder and human rights violations. He was sentenced to 25 years in prison. However, he was not in court to hear the verdict as he was ill.


title: Julio María Sanguinetti

paragraphs: Julio María Sanguinetti Coirolo (born 6 January 1936) is a Uruguayan politician, lawyer and journalist. He served as President of Uruguay twice: from March 1985 until March 1990, and from March 1995 until March 2000. He was from the Colorado Party.

paragraphs: He supports same-sex marriage and a bill that recently approved same-sex marriages by the Uruguayan legislature.


title: Arnaldo Forlani

paragraphs: Arnaldo Forlani (; born 8 December 1925) is an Italian politician. He served as the 44th Prime Minister of Italy from 18 October 1980 to 28 June 1981. He was previously a member of the right-wing of the Italian Christian Democratic Party.


title: Trần Thiện Khiêm

paragraphs: General Trần Thiện Khiêm (born 15 December 1925) is a Vietnamese military officer. He was an officer in the army of South Vietnam during the Vietnam War. During the 1960s he was involved in several coups d'état. He helped President Ngô Đình Diệm put down a coup attempt in November 1960. He was rewarded with promotion. In 1963 he was involved in the coup that deposed and assassinated Ngo Dinh Diem.


title: Luis Alberto Monge

paragraphs: Luis Alberto Monge Álvarez (29 December 1925 – 29 November 2016) was a Costa Rican politician, diplomat and lawyer. He was the President of Costa Rica from 8 May 1982 to 8 May 1986. Before being President, he was the country's ambassador to Israel.

paragraphs: He was born in Palmares, Alajuela Province. Monge died of cardiac arrest on 29 November 2016 in San José, aged 90.


title: Rachid Solh

paragraphs: Rachid Solh (1 January 1926 – 27 June 2014) was a Lebanese politician. He served as the Prime Minister. He was part of one of the most powerful Sunni Muslim families in the country.

paragraphs: Solh was elected as a member of the Lebanese Parliament for the first time in 1960. He was appointed prime minister by president Suleiman Franjieh in 1974.

paragraphs: Solh resigned from office on 15 May 1975, a few weeks after the start of the Lebanese Civil War.


title: Abdul-Karim Mousavi Ardebili

paragraphs: Abdul-Karim Mousavi Ardebili (; January 28, 1926 - November 23, 2016) was an Iranian politician and Muslim leader. He served as the head of legal system of Iran for about 8 years after terror of Dr. Beheshti until death of Khomeini. He was a marja of the Twelver branch of Shia Islam.

paragraphs: He was born in Ardabil. He died in Tehran on 23 November 2016.


title: Valéry Giscard d'Estaing

paragraphs: Valéry Marie René Georges Giscard d'Estaing (; born 2 February 1926) is a French centrist politician. He is a member of the Constitutional Council of France. He served as President of France from 1974 until 1981. He also was Minister of Finance under prime ministers Jacques Chaban-Delmas and Pierre Messmer.

paragraphs: At age , Giscard is the longest-lived French President in history.

paragraphs: Giscard won the presidential election of 1974 with 50.8% of the vote against François Mitterrand of the Socialist Party. His presidency was known for its liberal stand on social issues—such as divorce, contraception and abortion—and he also helped modernize the country and the office of the presidency.

paragraphs: He supported projects as the TGV and the turn towards reliance on nuclear power as France's main energy source. However, his popularity suffered from the economic downturn that followed the 1973 energy crisis, marking the end of the "thirty glorious years" after World War II.

paragraphs: Giscard d'Estaing had political opposition from both sides of the spectrum: from the newly unified left of François Mitterrand and a rising Jacques Chirac. In 1981, despite a high approval rating, he lost his reelection in a runoff against Mitterrand, with 48.2% of the vote.

paragraphs: As a former President of France, Giscard d'Estaing is a member of the Constitutional Council. He also was President of the Regional Council of Auvergne from 1986 to 2004.

paragraphs: Supporting the European Union, he was in charge of the Convention on the Future of Europe that drafted the not successful Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe. In 2003, he was elected to the Académie française.

paragraphs: He was born in Koblenz, Germany. He studied at École Polytechnique and at École nationale d'administration.

paragraphs: Between 1944 to 1945, he was in the French Army during World War II, especially during the Liberation of Paris.

paragraphs: In 1952, he married Anne-Aymone Giscard d'Estaing. They have four children.

paragraphs: Giscard once made-up a story about him having an affair with Diana, Princess of Wales.

paragraphs: On 14 September 2020, Giscard was hospitalized under intensive care for breathing problems in Paris.


title: Mohammad Hasan Sharq

paragraphs: Mohammad Hasan Sharq (born 17 July 1925) is an Afghan politician during the communist regime of Afghanistan. Sharq became Prime Minister of Afghanistan or Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet-backed government, the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.

paragraphs: He was selected as a back-up candidate after the Loya Jirga ratified a new constitution in 1987. However, the power of his office was relatively small compared with the ones of the Presidency.


title: Abdelsalam al-Majali

paragraphs: Abdelsalam al-Majali ( ; born 18 February 1926) is a Jordanian medical doctor and politician. He served twice as the Prime Minister of Jordan.


title: Chau Sen Cocsal Chhum

paragraphs: Chau Sen Cocsal (; 1 September 1905 – 22 January 2009), also known as "Chhum" (), was a Cambodian civil servant and politician. He served as Prime Minister of Cambodia for a short period of time in 1962. Chhum was old at the time of his death. This makes him the oldest lived former Prime Minister.


title: Antoine Pinay

paragraphs: Antoine Pinay (; 30 December 1891 – 13 December 1994) was a French conservative politician. He served as Prime Minister of France from March 1952 through March 1953.

paragraphs: He was also Minister of Public Works, Transport, Tourism, Finance, Economic and Foreign Affairs.

paragraphs: He died in Saint-Chamond, Loire, at the age of 102. He is the third longest-lived national head of government or head of state in history, behind Chau Sen Cocsal Chhum and Celâl Bayar.


title: Willem Drees

paragraphs: Willem Drees (; July 5, 1886 – May 14, 1988) was a Dutch politician of the Labour Party (PvdA) and its predecessor the SDAP. He served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from August 7, 1948 until December 22, 1958.

paragraphs: Before entering national politics Drees was a member of the municipal council and also an alderman of The Hague. During this time he was also a member of the Provincial States of South Holland.

paragraphs: Drees was an active performer of Esperanto.


title: Martin E. Sullivan

paragraphs: Martin E. Sullivan (February 9, 1944 – February 25, 2014) was an American museum director. He served as Director of the United States National Portrait Gallery from 2008 to 2012. This gallery is administered by the Smithsonian Institution.

paragraphs: Sullivan died of kidney failure. He was aged 70.


title: Tim Wilson (comedian)

paragraphs: Timothy Collins "Tim" Wilson (August 5, 1961 – February 26, 2014) was an American stand-up comedian and country musician. He released many comedy albums. He worked with Capitol Records in Nashville. He made many appearances on the "John Boy and Billy", "Big D and Bubba" and "Bob and Tom Show".

paragraphs: Wilson died from a heart attack. He was aged 52.


title: Country-western dance

paragraphs: The country-western dance (also country dance or cowboy) is dancing that is performed mostly to country music. It is also called kicker dancing in Texas. There are several forms of it.

paragraphs: The western couple dance is social dancing that involves several people. Other dances include line dance and square dancing.

paragraphs: The dance dates back to the late 18th century.


title: Anjem Choudary

paragraphs: Anjem Choudary (; born 1967) is a British former solicitor and Islam preacher. He was the leader and spokesman for the Islamist group Islam4UK until it was banned under the Terrorism Act 2000.

paragraphs: Choudary was born in Welling, London to Pakistani parents. He is married to Rubana Akhtar. As of 2006, the couple have three children.


title: Aaron Allston

paragraphs: Aaron Allston (December 8, 1960 – February 27, 2014) was an American game designer and writer of many science fiction books. He was best known for his "Star Wars" novels. His works as a game designer include mostly role-playing games (RPGs). He several of the RPGs served to create the basis for products and following development of TSR's "Dungeons & Dragons" game setting Mystara. He was born in Corsicana, Texas.

paragraphs: Allston collapsed after having a massive heart failure on December 8, 1960 during a VisionCon in Springfield, Missouri. He died later that day at the age of 53.


title: Son of God (movie)

paragraphs: The movie Son of God is a biographical movie. It was released February 28, 2014. It is about the life and death of Jesus Christ. This movie has a run time of 138 minutes.

paragraphs: The MPAA rated the movie PG-13. Reviews of the movie were not good.


title: Grinding

paragraphs: Grinding (also called freaking or freak dancing) is a dance where two or more people rub or bump their bodies against one another. It became popular in night clubs. The dance then moved into high schools across the United States and Canada.

paragraphs: Schools have tried to ban grinding because it is very sexual.

paragraphs: A dance similar to grinding is "The Bump", which was popular in the 1970s. Another is the twerk, which became popular through the 2000s into the 2010s.


title: Lipovica, Lipljan

paragraphs: Lipovica (, ) is a village in Kosovo. It is near the city of Lipljan. It is next to the Blinaja Park, where people go hunting.


title: Hugo Brandt Corstius

paragraphs: Hugo Brandt Corstius (29 August 1935 – 28 February 2014) was a Dutch journalist, columnist and writer. He known for his success in both literature and science. He was born in Eindhoven, North Brabant.

paragraphs: Brandt Corstius died after a long illness on 28 February 2014 in Amsterdam, North Holland. He was 78 years old. He was outlived by his children, journalists Aaf (born 1975) and Jelle (born 1978).


title: Bark bread

paragraphs: Bark bread is a form of bread used during a famine. It made by adding ground phloem to the flour as an to make it last longer.

paragraphs: During the 18th and early 19th century Northern Europe had several very bad years of crop failure. This was particularly during the Little Ice Age of the mid 18th century. The grain harvest was badly affected. Many ideas to make the flour last longer were introduced. In 1742, samples of “emergency bread” were sent from Kristiansand, Norway to the Royal Administration in Copenhagen. One of these was bark bread. This is bread made from grain and bread made from burned bones. During the Napoleonic Wars, moss too was used for food.

paragraphs: The last time bark bread was used as famine food in Norway was during the Napoleonic Wars. The introduction of the potato as a staple crop gave the farmers other crops when grain production failed. So that bark bread and moss cakes were no longer needed. In Northern Sweden, traces of Sami harvest of bark from Scots pine are known from the 1890s. In Finland "pettuleipä" (literally "pinewood-bark bread") was produced as a substitute for bread during the Finnish Civil War of 1918.


title: Kolari

paragraphs: Kolari is a municipality in Finnish Lapland. It had almost 3,900 living there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Kittilä, Muonio, Pello and Rovaniemi. Ilpo Väisänen planned the railway station building.


title: Pudasjärvi

paragraphs: Pudasjärvi is a town and municipality in Northern Ostrobothnia, Finland. It had 8,510 living there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Ii, Oulu, Posio, Puolanka, Ranua, Suomussalmi, Taivalkoski and Utajärvi.


title: Raul Soares Square

paragraphs: The Praça Raul Soares is a large public square in the city of Belo Horizonte, in Brazil. It is built in the French style. It is located where four major roads meet. The roads are Amazonas, Augusto de Lima, Bias Fortes and Olegário Maciel. The square is named in honor of the former governor of Minas Gerais, Raul Soares de Moura.

paragraphs: In 2008, the square was renovated. The flowerbeds, sidewalks and fountains were fixed up. Some trees were replaced, lamp posts were resized, and advertisements were removed or adjusted. The walks were improved to provide easier access for disabled and blind people. This was paid for by the city's government. It cost about $2,600,000 U.S. dollars. The project aimed to make the square safer and easier for pedestrians.


title: Puolanka

paragraphs: Puolanka is a municipality in Kainuu, Finland. It had 3,000 living there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Hyrynsalmi, Paltamo, Pudasjärvi, Ristijärvi, Suomussalmi, Utajärvi and Vaala.

paragraphs: Aittokylä, Askankylä, Leipivaara, Lylykylä, Naulaperä,Puolanka, Väyrylä, and Yli-Oterma.


title: Vaala

paragraphs: Vaala is a municipality in , Finland. It had 3,195 living there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Kajaani, Liminka, Muhos, Paltamo, Puolanka, Siikalatva and Utajärvi.


title: Paltamo

paragraphs: Paltamo is a municipality in Kainuu, Finland. It had about 3,600 living there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Kajaani, Puolanka, Ristijärvi, Sotkamo and Vaala.


title: Lambada

paragraphs: The Lambada is a dance from Brazil. It is sometimes called the "forbidden dance". It started in the late 1970s. It became most popular in the 1980s. Its popularity was mostly in Latin American and Caribbean countries.

paragraphs: The Lambada is a dance for two people. The dance is done with bent legs. Steps are usually side to side, with turns. There are pronounced movements for the hips. Around the time the Lambada became popular, the women often wore short skirts. These skirts swirl up when the woman turns. Sometimes the woman's thong underwear is seen during the turns.


title: Sete de Setembro Square

paragraphs: Praça Sete de Setembro (in English: Sete de Setembro Square, and normally called Praça Sete) is a public square in the center of the city of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

paragraphs: It is located at the intersection of two major roads, "Afonso Pena" and "Amazonas", and by the streets Rio de Janeiro and Carijós.


title: Nikki DeLoach

paragraphs: Ashlee Nicole DeLoach (or Nikki; born September 9, 1979) is an American actress and former singer. She was on "The Mickey Mouse Club" in the 1990s. She also played Lily in the 2008 version of "An American Carol".


title: Luby's massacre

paragraphs: The Luby's massacre was a mass murder on October 16, 1991, which took place at a Luby's restaurant in Killeen, Texas.

paragraphs: George Hennard, a thirty-five year old man, drove his blue 1987 Ford Ranger pickup truck through the front window of a Luby's restaurant. He yelled "This is what Bell County did to me!" and started shooting customers and staff members with a Glock 17 and a Ruger P89. He shot and killed 23 people, ten of them with a single shot to the head. He also wounded 20 other people. Hennard had a dislike of women and survivors of the shooting said that he went by men to shoot the women. He also announced that "All women of Killeen and Belton are vipers!" He exchanged gunfire with police officers, hid in a bathroom and committed suicide.

paragraphs: One of the survivors of the massacre was former Republican member of the Texas House of Representatives Suzanna Hupp. Both her parents were killed in the shooting.

paragraphs: Until the 2007 Virginia Tech massacre, it was the deadliest shooting rampage in American history. It is now the third deadliest behind Virginia Tech and the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting. It is still the deadliest non-school shooting rampage in American history.

paragraphs: After the massacre, the Texas Legislature passed a shall-issue gun law in 1995, which required all qualifying applicants be issued a Concealed Handgun License (which is Texas' required permit to carry concealed weapons). To qualify for a license, the person must be free-and-clear of crimes, attend a minimum 10-hour class which is taught by a state-certified instructor, pass a 50-question test, show a high amount of skill in a 50-round shooting test, and must pass two background tests, one shallow and one deep. The license costs $140 for a four year license and applicants have to pay $10 for fingerprinting as well as instructor costs which vary. The law was campaigned by shooting survivor Suzanna Hupp and was signed by then-Governor George W. Bush.

paragraphs: The restaurant closed down on September 9, 2000. A Chinese-American buffet called Yank Sing is now located where the Luby's used to be.


title: Edward J. Walsh

paragraphs: Edward Joseph Walsh (March 5, 1942 – February 14, 2014) was an American journalist. He reported on politics. He made news reports from foreign countries. He worked for "The Washington Post" and "The Oregonian".

paragraphs: Walsh was born in Chicago, Illinois. He studied at the College of St. Thomas.

paragraphs: He died in Portland, Oregon, from lung cancer. He was aged 71.


title: Lesterville, South Dakota

paragraphs: Lesterville is a town in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is located in Yankton County, and 127 people lived there at the 2010 census. Lesterville became a city in 1883.


title: Lee Konitz

paragraphs: Lee Konitz (October 13, 1927 – April 15, 2020) was an American jazz composer and alto saxophonist. He was thought to be one of the main people involved in the cool jazz movement. Konitz has also performed successfully in bebop and experimental jazz.

paragraphs: Konitz died in New York City on April 15, 2020 of COVID-19.


title: Sonny Rollins

paragraphs: Theodore Walter "Sonny" Rollins (born September 7, 1930) is an American jazz tenor saxophonist. Rollins is widely known as one of the most important and influential jazz musicians. A number of his compositions, such as "St. Thomas", "Oleo", "Doxy", and "Airegin", have become jazz standards.


title: Phil Woods

paragraphs: Philip Wells Woods (November 2, 1931 – September 29, 2015) was an American jazz bebop alto saxophonist, clarinetist, bandleader and composer. Woods was born in Springfield, Massachusetts.

paragraphs: Woods died from emphysema on September 29, 2015 in East Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania. He was 83.


title: Utica, South Dakota

paragraphs: Utica is a town in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is located in Yankton County, and 65 people lived there at the 2010 census.


title: First inauguration of Ronald Reagan

paragraphs: Ronald Reagan was inaugurated as the 40th President of the United States on January 20, 1981. This inauguration was the beginning of Reagan's eight years as President. George H. W. Bush was inaugurated as Vice President.

paragraphs: Reagan took the oath of office at the inauguration ceremony. Chief Justice Warren E. Burger gave the oath.

paragraphs: On the same day, hostages from the Iran hostage crisis are released as Reagan is sworn in as President.


title: Second inauguration of Ronald Reagan

paragraphs: Ronald Reagan was inaugurated as the 40th President of the United States in January 1985. This was the beginning of Reagan's second term as President. George H. W. Bush was also inaugurated as Vice President for the second time.

paragraphs: There were two separate ceremonies. A private ceremony was held on January 20, and another was held publicly on January 21. This was done because the normal day for a Presidential inauguration, January 20, was a Sunday.

paragraphs: Reagan was sworn in as President during the private ceremony. It was held in the Grand Foyer of the White House. It was broadcast on television. The next day, Reagan took the oath in public under Chief Justice Warren E. Burger.


title: First inauguration of Barack Obama

paragraphs: Barack Obama was inaugurated as the 44th President of the United States on Tuesday, January 20, 2009. This inauguration was the beginning of the first term of Obama as President and of Joe Biden as Vice President. The oath of office was given by Chief Justice John G. Roberts.

paragraphs: The ceremony was attended by more people than any event held in Washington, D.C. Based on the combined numbers of people there, people watching it on television and the Internet, it was one of the most-watched events ever by the global audience.


title: First inauguration of Bill Clinton

paragraphs: Bill Clinton was inaugurated as the 42nd President of the United States on January 20, 1993. This was the beginning of the first term of Bill Clinton as President and Al Gore as Vice President.

paragraphs: The ceremony took place at the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. Clinton was the first president elected after the Cold War period. He was the first Democrat elected in 16 years.

paragraphs: Clinton and Gore took over from outgoing President George H. W. Bush and outgoing Vice President Dan Quayle.


title: Anika Noni Rose

paragraphs: Anika Noni Rose (born September 6, 1972) is an American singer and actress. She is best known for her Tony Award-winning role in the Broadway production of "Caroline, or Change". She is also known for her starring roles in movies such as "Dreamgirls" (2006), "The Princess and the Frog" (2009) and "For Colored Girls" (2010).

paragraphs: Rose was born in Bloomfield, Connecticut.


title: First inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt

paragraphs: Franklin D. Roosevelt was inaugurated as the 32nd President of the United States on Saturday, March 4, 1933.

paragraphs: This inauguration was the beginning of the first term of Franklin D. Roosevelt as President and John Nance Garner as Vice President.

paragraphs: It was the last inauguration to be held on March 4. All since then have been held on January 20.


title: First inauguration of George W. Bush

paragraphs: George W. Bush was inaugurated as the 43rd President of the United States on January 20, 2001. This was the beginning of the first term of George W. Bush as President and Dick Cheney as Vice President.

paragraphs: Chief Justice William Rehnquist administered the oath of office at 12:01 p.m. An estimated 300,000 people attended the swearing-in ceremony.


title: Inauguration of John F. Kennedy

paragraphs: The inauguration of John F. Kennedy as the 35th President of the United States was held on Friday, January 20, 1961. It was held in the eastern section of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C..

paragraphs: This 44th inauguration was the beginning of the term of John F. Kennedy as President and Lyndon B. Johnson as Vice President.

paragraphs: Kennedy's address at the inauguration talked about the major themes of his campaign. It defined his presidency during a time of economic prosperity, emerging social changes, and diplomatic challenges.


title: Fidel V. Ramos

paragraphs: Fidel "Eddie" Valdez Ramos USMA '50, AFP, PLH, GCMG (born March 18, 1928), popularly known as FVR, is a Filipino politician. He was the twelfth President of the Philippines from 1992 to 1998.


title: Joseph Estrada

paragraphs: Joseph "Erap" Ejército Estrada (born José Marcelo Ejército; April 19, 1937) is a Filipino politician. He served as the thirteenth President of the Philippines from 1998 until 2001.

paragraphs: Estrada was the first person in the present Fifth Republican period to be elected both President and Vice-President. He is currently the Mayor of Manila, the country's capital. He was elected as mayor in the mid-term elections in 2013.


title: Inauguration of Jimmy Carter

paragraphs: The inauguration of Jimmy Carter as the 39th President of the United States was held on January 20, 1977. The inauguration was the beginning of the four-year term of Jimmy Carter as President and Walter Mondale as Vice President. It was also the end of Gerald Ford's presidency.

paragraphs: Chief Justice Warren E. Burger administered the Oath of office to Jimmy Carter, and House Speaker Tip O'Neill administered the Oath of office to Walter Mondale. This was the last inauguration that was set up on the East section of the U. S. Capitol.


title: Inauguration of George H. W. Bush

paragraphs: The inauguration of George H. W. Bush as the 41st President of the United States was held on January 20, 1989. The inauguration was the beginning of the four-year term of George H. W. Bush as President and Dan Quayle as Vice President.

paragraphs: Chief Justice William Rehnquist administered the Oath of office.


title: First inauguration of George Washington

paragraphs: The first inauguration of George Washington as the president of the United States took place on April 30, 1789.

paragraphs: The inauguration was the beginning of the first term of George Washington as president. John Adams had already taken office as vice president on April 21. Washington was sworn in by Chancellor of New York Robert Livingston.

paragraphs: Washington became the first president of the United States following the ratification of the Constitution.


title: First inauguration of Abraham Lincoln

paragraphs: The first inauguration of Abraham Lincoln as the 16th President of the United States took place on March 4, 1861. The inauguration was the beginning of the first four-year term of Abraham Lincoln as President and Hannibal Hamlin as Vice President.


title: First inauguration of Thomas Jefferson

paragraphs: The first inauguration of Thomas Jefferson took place on March 4, 1801. Jefferson was sworn-in by Supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshall. Jefferson became the third President of the United States.

paragraphs: It was the first presidential inauguration held in the United States's capitol, Washington, D.C. It was the beginning of Jefferson's first term as president and Aaron Burr as Vice President.


title: First inauguration of Dwight D. Eisenhower

paragraphs: The first inauguration of Dwight D. Eisenhower as the 34th President of the United States was held on January 20, 1953. The inauguration was the beginning of the first four-year term of Dwight D. Eisenhower as President and Richard Nixon as Vice President.

paragraphs: Chief Justice Fred M. Vinson administered the Oath of office to Eisenhower. Nixon was sworn in as Vice President by Senator William Knowland of California earlier.


title: First inauguration of Ulysses S. Grant

paragraphs: The first inauguration of Ulysses S. Grant as the 18th President of the United States took place on March 4, 1869. The inauguration was the beginning of the first four-year term of Ulysses S. Grant as President and the only term of Schuyler Colfax as Vice President.

paragraphs: This inauguration was the first that both living parents of the president attended.

paragraphs: Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase administered the oath of office. Andrew Johnson did not attend the inaugural ceremonies, as President-elect Grant refused to sit with him in the carriage going to it. Instead, he was in the White House signing last-minute legislation.


title: First inauguration of Andrew Jackson

paragraphs: The first inauguration of Andrew Jackson as the seventh President of the United States took place on March 4, 1829. The inauguration was the beginning of the first four-year term of Andrew Jackson as President. He is part of the modern Democratic Party.

paragraphs: It as also the second term that John C. Calhoun was Vice President. Calhoun resigned during his second term. Jackson was sworn in by Chief Justice John Marshall.


title: First inauguration of Theodore Roosevelt

paragraphs: The first inauguration of Theodore Roosevelt as the 26th President of the United States, took place on September 14, 1901 in Buffalo, New York. It took place after the assassination of President William McKinley.

paragraphs: John R. Hazel, U.S. District Judge for the Western District of New York, administered the oath of office. While some people called it an inauguration, others called it a swearing-in ceremony.


title: First inauguration of Harry S. Truman

paragraphs: Harry S. Truman was inaugurated as the 33rd President of the United States on April 12, 1945. This was the beginning of Truman's first term as President.

paragraphs: This inauguration happened after the sudden death of President Franklin D. Roosevelt.


title: First inauguration of Lyndon B. Johnson

paragraphs: The first inauguration of Lyndon B. Johnson as the 36th President of the United States occurred on November 22, 1963.

paragraphs: The inauguration was the beginning of the first term of Lyndon B. Johnson. That term lasted a year and two months instead of the usual four years. That was because Johnson was finishing the term of John F. Kennedy, who had been assassinated. This was the only presidential inauguration to be held on Air Force One.


title: Bob Weir

paragraphs: Robert Hall "Bob" Weir (born October 16, 1947) is an American singer, songwriter, and guitarist. He is known for creating the band "Grateful Dead".

paragraphs: Weir was born in San Francisco, California. He studied at Menlo Atherton High School.


title: First inauguration of Richard Nixon

paragraphs: The first inauguration of Richard Nixon as the 37th President of the United States was held on January 20, 1969.

paragraphs: The inauguration was the beginning of the term of Richard Nixon as President and Spiro Agnew as Vice President.

paragraphs: Chief Justice Earl Warren gave the oath of office to Nixon. Senate Minority Leader Everett Dirksen gave the oath to Spiro Agnew as Vice President.


title: First inauguration of Woodrow Wilson

paragraphs: The first inauguration of Woodrow Wilson took place on March 4, 1913. It was the beginning of his position as the 28th President of the United States and Thomas R. Marshall's tenure as Vice President.

paragraphs: Chief Justice Edward D. White administered the oath of office. Wilson wanted and asked that the inaugural ball to be canceled. He found it inappropriate for the occasion because of women's suffrage and women's rights protesting.


title: Philip Levine (poet)

paragraphs: Philip Levine (January 10, 1928 – February 14, 2015) was an American poet and teacher. He was best known for his poems about working-class Detroit.

paragraphs: He taught for more than thirty years at California State University, Fresno. He also taught at other different schools. He was appointed Poet Laureate of the United States for 2011–2012. He won the Pulitzer Prize in 1995.

paragraphs: Levine died of pancreatic cancer on February 14, 2015 in Fresno, California, aged 87.


title: Munich massacre

paragraphs: The Munich massacre was an attack that happened on 5-6 September during the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, Bavaria, Germany. 11 members of the Israel Olympic team were murdered after being taken hostage. A German police officer was also killed.

paragraphs: The terrorists demanded the Israeli government to release 234 prisoners held in Israeli jails. Of the eight attackers, five were killed by the police and three were arrested. The three were released from jail.


title: Juan Antonio Samaranch

paragraphs: Don Juan Antonio Samaranch y Torelló, 1st Marquis of Samaranch (17 July 1920 – 21 April 2010) was a Spanish sports administrator. He served as the seventh President of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) from 1980 to 2001.

paragraphs: Samaranch died of cardio-respiratory failure on 21 April 2010, aged 89.


title: Petäjävesi

paragraphs: Petäjävesi is a municipality in Central Finland. About 4,100 people lived there in January 2014. Petäjävesi is next to the municipalities of Jyväskylä, Jämsä, Keuruu, Multia and Uurainen.


title: Long-term memory

paragraphs: Long-term memory (LTM) is our memory of past events. It follows from short-term memory, and involves the growth of nerve synapses which are very long-lasting.

paragraphs: The brain does not store memories in one unified structure, as might be seen in a computer's hard disk drive. Instead, different types of memory are stored in different regions of the brain. Long term memory is typically divided up into two major headings: explicit memory and implicit memory.

paragraphs: Explicit or 'declarative' memory refers to memories which can be consciously recalled such as facts and knowledge. These are partly encoded by the hippocampus, stored elsewhere. Exactly where is unknown, but the temporal cortex has been proposed as a likely candidate. Research shows that amnesiac patients with damage to the medial temporal lobe performed more poorly on explicit learning tests than did healthy controls. However, the same patients performed at the same rate as healthy controls on "implicit" learning tests. This implies that the medial temporal lobe is heavily involved in explicit learning, but not in implicit learning.

paragraphs: Implicit or procedural memory refers to the use of objects or movements of the body, such as how exactly to use a pencil, drive a car, or ride a bicycle. This type of memory is encoded and it is presumed stored by the striatum and other parts of the basal ganglia. The basal ganglia is believed to mediate procedural memory and other brain structures and is largely independent of the hippocampus. The parietal and occipital regions are associated with implicit memory.

paragraphs: The memory for events that evoke a particularly strong emotion may involve both declarative and procedural memory processes. Emotional memories are consciously available, but elicit a powerful, unconscious physiological reaction. Research indicates that the amygdala is extremely active during emotional situations, and acts with the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in the encoding and consolidation of emotional events.

paragraphs: Working memory (STM) is not part of long term memory, but is important for long term memory to work. Working memory holds and works on information for a short period before it is either forgotten or put into long term memory. Then, to remember something from long term memory, it must come back into working memory. If working memory is overloaded it can affect the encoding of long term memory.


title: Natalie Appleton

paragraphs: Natalie Jane Appleton Howlett (born 14 May, 1973) is a Canadian pop singer and actress. She became famous as a member of the band All Saints. During part of All Saints' five years of inactivity, she was a member of Appleton with her younger sister Nicole Appleton. The sisters starred in the movie "Honest" in 2000.

paragraphs: Appleton was born in Mississauga, Ontario. Her daughter was born in 1992. She married her daughter's father, Carl Robinson, in New York in 1993. The couple divorced in 1995. She married Liam Howlett of The Prodigy in 2002. The couple's son was born in 2004.


title: Sensory memory

paragraphs: Sensory memory (SM) is an automatic response, not under conscious control. It deals with the input from the senses. The information people received which is stored in sensory memory is just long enough to be transferred to short-term memory.

paragraphs: The information in SM is the "raw data" of a person's overall sensory experience. There are four common features to all forms of SM:

paragraphs: The SM is made up of stores of different kinds of information. Each has different rates of information processing and decay. Genetics also plays a role in SM capacity.


title: Kristof Goddaert

paragraphs: Kristof Goddaert (21 November 1986 – 18 February 2014) was a Belgian road racing cyclist. He competed as a professional between 2008 and 2014 for the Topsport Vlaanderen-Mercator, Ag2r-La Mondiale and IAM Cycling squads. He was born in Sint-Niklaas, Belgium.

paragraphs: Goddaert died was killed on 18 February 2014 during a training ride in Antwerp. He fell from his bike and was struck by a De Lijn bus. He was 27 years old.


title: Ferry Hoogendijk

paragraphs: Ferdinand Alexander "Ferry" Hoogendijk (23 November 1933 – 14 February 2014) was a Dutch political scientist, journalist and politician. He was the editor of "Elsevier" and a member of the parliamentary group of the Pim Fortuyn List (, LPF). He was born in Gouda, South Holland.

paragraphs: Hoogendijk died on 14 February 2014 in Naarden, North Holland. He was 80 years old.


title: Ernst Bakker

paragraphs: Ernst Carel Bakker (16 April 1946 in Hellendoorn – 8 February 2014 in Hilversum) was a Dutch politician of Democrats 66 (D66).

paragraphs: Bakker was merely active in local politics. He served as a councillor of Amsterdam for several years, and was also an alderman from 1992 to 1998. Afterwards he was mayor of Hilversum from 1998 to 2011. In between he was for a brief period a member of the House of Representatives, from 1981 to 1982.


title: Magnus

paragraphs: Magnus is a name that means "great" in Latin. It was sometimes used as a first name by the Romans. The name spread with the Catholic Church, which spoke Latin. It became very common among the nobility in Scandinavia.


title: Richard Hayman

paragraphs: Richard Hayman (27 March 1920 – 5 February 2014) was an American arranger, harmonica player and conductor. He served as an for the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) movies "Girl Crazy" (1930), "Thousands Cheer" (1943), and "Meet Me in St. Louis" (1944). He was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

paragraphs: Hayman died at a hospice in New York. He was 93 years old.


title: Dick Hyman

paragraphs: Richard "Dick" Hyman (born March 8, 1927) is an American jazz pianist, keyboardist and composer. He is best known for his skill with jazz piano styles.

paragraphs: Hyman was born in New York City, New York.


title: Palmyra

paragraphs: Palmyra was an ancient Arabian city in central Syria. It is in an oasis northeast of Damascus, and southwest of the Euphrates.

paragraphs: It was an important city in ancient times. It had long been a place for travellers to stop when crossing the Syrian Desert. The city was founded some time during the 2nd millennium BC. It became abandoned around 1929. The site was made a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1980.

paragraphs: The Semitic name of the city is (). In Aramaic, it means "a city that cannot be defeated". The earliest written reference to the city by this name is on Babylonian tablets found in Mari. It is still known as Tadmur in Arabic.

paragraphs: The people of Palmyra worshipped many gods and goddesses from Mesopotamia, Syria, Arabia and Greece. They built a series of temples and large monuments containing funerary art, or art representing the dead. Palmyrans originally spoke Aramaic, but later began speaking Greek.

paragraphs: The area was later made a part of the Roman Empire. The city was important because of the "silk commerce" from Rome toward the China region in eastern Asia. Between the years 260 and 273, Odaenathus and his wife Zenobia used Palmyra as the capital of the Palmyrene Empire. This period of Roman history is called the Crisis of the Third Century.

paragraphs: By the time of the Muslim conquests, a few Arab tribes were living in Palmyra.

paragraphs: The city lost its importance after the 16th century. It was fully abandoned by 1929, during the Ottoman Empire. There is a new town of the same name nearby to the south of the ruins.

paragraphs: During the Syrian Civil War in 2015, the Islamic State (ISIS) destroyed large parts of the ancient city. It was recaptured by the Syrian Army in 2017.


title: Alfonso Cuarón

paragraphs: Alfonso Cuarón Orozco (; born 28 November 1961) is a Mexican movie director, screenwriter, producer and editor. He is best known for his movies "A Little Princess" (1995), "Y tu mamá también" (2001), "Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban" (2004), "Children of Men" (2006), "Gravity" (2013), which earned him an Academy Award and Golden Globe Award and "Roma".

paragraphs: Cuarón is also close friends with fellow Mexican filmmakers Guillermo del Toro and Alejandro G. Iñárritu. The group is sometimes known as "The Three Amigos of Cinema".

paragraphs: Cuarón was born in Mexico City. He has been married twice. He has three children.


title: Alexander Payne

paragraphs: Constantine Alexander Payne (born February 10, 1961) is an American movie director, screenwriter, and producer. He is best known for his movies "Election" (1999), "About Schmidt" (2002), "Sideways" (2004), "The Descendants" (2011), "Nebraska" (2013) and "Downsizing" (2017).

paragraphs: Payne was born in Omaha, Nebraska. He married Canadian actress Sandra Oh in 2003. The couple divorced in 2006.


title: David O. Russell

paragraphs: David Owen Russell (born August 20, 1958) is an American movie director, screenwriter, and producer. He is best known for his movies "Spanking the Monkey" (1994), "Flirting with Disaster" (1996), "Three Kings" (1999), "I Heart Huckabees" (2004), "The Fighter" (2010), "Silver Linings Playbook" (2012), and "American Hustle" (2013). He also directed 2015's Accidental Love under the pseudonym "Stephen Greene" after Kristin Gore, daughter of Al Gore and Russell disowned the film. He also made Joy also in 2015. In 2020 he is working on a new film.

paragraphs: David O. Russell was born in New York City, New York.

paragraphs: He has a child with Janet Grillo whom he was married to from 1992 until 2007. He has since adopted a son with his partner, Holly Davis.


title: Multia

paragraphs: Multia is a municipality in Central Finland. About 1,800 people lived there in January 2014. Petäjävesi is next to the municipalities of Keuruu, Petäjävesi, Saarijärvi, Uurainen and Ähtäri. Multia is established 1868. Multia is famous for it's Ice Kicksled World Championship held every winter.


title: Soini

paragraphs: Soini is a municipality in Southern Ostrobothnia, Finland. It had about 2,300 living there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Alajärvi, Karstula, Kyyjärvi, Saarijärvi and Ähtäri. Municipality is established 1868.


title: Siligo

paragraphs: Siligo is a city in the region of Logudoro in northern Sardinia, Italy.

paragraphs: Siligo is next to the following municipalities: Ardara, Banari, Bessude, Bonnanaro, Codrongianos, Florinas, Mores, Ploaghe.


title: Maria Carta

paragraphs: Maria Carta (24 June 1934 – 22 September 1994) was a Sardinian folk music singer-songwriter. She also performed in film and theater. In 1975, she wrote a book of poetry, "Ritual Song".

paragraphs: She was born in Siligo, Sassari, Sardinia. She died of cancer in Rome.


title: Michio Mado

paragraphs: Mado was born as Michio Ishida in Tokuyama, Yamaguchi prefecture. He died on February 28, 2014, aged 104.


title: C. R. Simha

paragraphs: Channapatna Ramaswami Simha () better known as C. R. Simha () (June 16, 1942 – February 28, 2014) was an Indian actor, director, dramatist and a playwright.

paragraphs: He was best known for his work on Kannada movies and for his work in stage shows. He directed many successful stage shows such as "Kakanakote", "Thughlaq" and "Sankranthi".

paragraphs: Simha died at a hospital in Bangalore from prostate cancer, aged 71.


title: Second inauguration of Thomas Jefferson

paragraphs: The second inauguration of Thomas Jefferson as the third President of the United States took place on Monday, March 4, 1805 in the Senate Chamber of the United States Capitol.

paragraphs: The inauguration was the beginning of the second term of Thomas Jefferson as President and the first term of George Clinton as Vice President.

paragraphs: Chief Justice John Marshall gave the oath of office. Jefferson wore a black suit and silk stockings for the inauguration.


title: Second inauguration of George Washington

paragraphs: The second inauguration of George Washington as President of the United States took place in the Senate Chamber of Congress Hall in Philadelphia on March 4, 1793.

paragraphs: The inauguration was the beginning of the second term of George Washington as President and John Adams as Vice President. It was the first presidential inauguration to be held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.


title: Inauguration of John Adams

paragraphs: The inauguration of John Adams as the second President of the United States took place on Saturday, March 4, 1797.

paragraphs: The inauguration was the beginning of the four-year term of John Adams as President and Thomas Jefferson as Vice President.

paragraphs: Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Oliver Ellsworth swore him in.

paragraphs: The oath of office was given at the House of Representatives Chamber of Congress Hall in Philadelphia. This was the first inaugural oath given by a Chief Justice of the United States.


title: First inauguration of James Madison

paragraphs: The first inauguration of James Madison as the fourth President of the United States was held on Saturday, March 4, 1809. It was held in the House chamber in the U.S. Capitol.

paragraphs: The inauguration was the beginning of the first four-year term of James Madison as President and the second term of George Clinton as Vice President.

paragraphs: The oath was given by Chief Justice John Marshall. It was the first presidential inauguration to have an inaugural ball after the ceremony.


title: Second inauguration of James Madison

paragraphs: The second inauguration of James Madison as the fourth President of the United States was held on Thursday, March 4, 1813. It was held in the House chamber of the U.S. Capitol.

paragraphs: The inauguration was the beginning of the second four-year term of James Madison as President and the only term of Elbridge Gerry as Vice President.

paragraphs: John Marshall, Chief Justice, administered the oath of office to Madison.


title: Ezra Koenig

paragraphs: Ezra Michael Koenig (born April 8, 1984) is an American singer and songwriter. He is the lead singer and guitarist of the indie rock band Vampire Weekend.

paragraphs: Koenig was born in New York City. Koenig started writing songs when he was around ten or eleven.

paragraphs: In 2006 he started Vampire Weekend with Chris Tomson. The band released their first album, "Vampire Weekend", in 2008.


title: Inauguration of John Tyler

paragraphs: The inauguration of John Tyler as the tenth President of the United States took place in Tyler's bedroom on Thursday, April 6, 1841.

paragraphs: It happened two days after the death of President William Henry Harrison. The inauguration was the beginning of Tyler's only term as President. It was the first time that an inauguration was held because of a president's death.

paragraphs: The swearing-in was done by Chief Judge of the local U.S. Circuit Court, William Cranch, at Brown's Hotel in Washington, D.C.


title: First inauguration of James Monroe

paragraphs: The first inauguration of James Monroe as the fifth President of the United States was held on Tuesday, March 4, 1817. It took place in front of the Old Brick Capitol.

paragraphs: The inauguration was the beginning of the first four-year term of James Monroe as President and Daniel D. Tompkins as Vice President.

paragraphs: The Chief Justice, John Marshall gave the oath of office.


title: Daisy Chainsaw

paragraphs: Daisy Chainsaw was an English punk rock band. The band was started in 1989.

paragraphs: Daisy Chainsaw started in 1989 after KatieJane Garside answered an advertisement that Crispin Gray put in a music magazine. In 1991 the band released "Love Sick Pleasure".

paragraphs: They released their first album "Eleventeen" on October 6, 1992. In 1993 Garside left the band. In 1994 Daisy Chainsaw released their last album "For They Know Not What They Do". Belinda Leith took Garside's place as singer for the album. In 1995 they released their last EP "You're Gruesome". Crispin Gray took Leith's place.

paragraphs: In 1995 Daisy Chainsaw broke up. After that Gray, Adams and Johnson made a band called Dizzy Q Viper.


title: Second inauguration of James Monroe

paragraphs: The second inauguration of James Monroe as the fifth President of the United States was held on Monday, March 5, 1821. It took place in the House chamber of the U.S. Capitol.

paragraphs: The inauguration was the beginning of the second four-year term of James Monroe as President and Daniel D. Tompkins as Vice President.

paragraphs: Monroe was sworn in by John Marshall, the Chief Justice of the United States. The inauguration was held on March 5 instead of March 4 because of a snowstorm.


title: Inauguration of John Quincy Adams

paragraphs: The inauguration of John Quincy Adams as the sixth President of the United States took place on Friday, March 4, 1825, in the House Chamber of the U.S. Capitol.

paragraphs: The inauguration was the beginning of the four-year term of John Quincy Adams as President and the first term of John C. Calhoun as Vice President. Adams was sworn in by John Marshall, Chief Justice of the United States.


title: Second inauguration of Andrew Jackson

paragraphs: The second inauguration of Andrew Jackson as the seventh President of the United States took place in the House chamber of the U.S. Capitol on Monday, March 4, 1833.

paragraphs: The inauguration was the beginning of the second term of Andrew Jackson as President and the only term of Martin Van Buren as Vice President.

paragraphs: Jackson was sworn in by Chief Justice John Marshall. This was the first inauguration for which two inaugural balls were held.


title: Stuart Blumberg

paragraphs: Stuart Ethan Blumberg (born July 19, 1969) is an American screenwriter, actor, producer and director. He was nominated for an Oscar for Best Original Screenplay in 2010 for co-writing "The Kids Are All Right". He made his directorial debut with the Hollywood movie "Thanks for Sharing" starring Mark Ruffalo, Tim Robbins, Gwyneth Paltrow, Josh Gad, Joely Richardson, and Alecia Moore. He is going to direct the John Grisham's adaption of "The Testament".


title: Doris Duke

paragraphs: Doris Duke (November 22, 1912 — October 28, 1993) was an American heiress, philanthropist and billionaire. She was the daughter of a rich tobacco tycoon.

paragraphs: Duke created many elaborately-themed gardens. Much of her work was centered in New Jersey.

paragraphs: Duke was born in New York City. She lived in many other places, including Rhode Island. She died at 80 of pulmonary edema in Beverly Hills, California. Duke was then cremated.


title: Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center

paragraphs: The Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center (also commonly referred to as "UCLA Medical Center") is a hospital located on the campus of the University of California, Los Angeles in Los Angeles, California, United States. This hospital is thought to be one of the best in the United States.

paragraphs: Many famous people died here such as Marlon Brando, Michael Jackson, Richard Dawson, John Wooden, Ed McMahon, John Wayne, Zsa Zsa Gábor, Carrie Fisher and Martin Landau.

paragraphs: The hospital was founded in 1955. It was reopened in June 2008 and named after President of the United States Ronald Reagan.