title: China National Highways

paragraphs: China National Highways () are the highways across China.


title: Colon Cemetery

paragraphs: Colon Cemetery is the national cemetery of Cuba. It is in the center of Havana. Building of the cemetery started in 1871. It opened in 1886 with a chapel in the center of the cemetery. the cemetery also has memorials and monuments.


title: Anjou

paragraphs: Anjou () is a former county, duchy (1360) and province centred on the city of Angers in the lower Loire Valley of western France. Its traditional Latin name was "Andegavia".

paragraphs: Anjou, or then the Angevin march (border lands) formed the border between Neustria and Aquitaine. It also bordered between Neustria and Brittany. Sitting on a black slate rock was the Roman of Angers. It guarded the rivers Mayenne and Loire that flowed around it.

paragraphs: The founder or first count of Anjou was Ingelger.

paragraphs: Anjou became a part of England from 1151-1199, when Henry II inherited the county. He became the Count of Anjou in addition to his other titles. His (third) son Richard the Lionheart became count after his father. At the peak of its power the Angevin Empire spread from Ulster to the Pyrenees. Richard had no legitimate issue, so in 1199 Anjou passed to his nephew, Arthur of Brittany. He was the son of Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany. The Crown of England passed to Henry II’s fifth son and Richard’s youngest brother, John. Arthur was taken prisoner by King John in 1203 and was never seen again. In 1204, Anjou was taken back by Philip II of France. It was later elevated to a duchy for Prince Louis, the second son of John II of France. It remained a duchy until the French Revolution. Today, Anjou corresponds largely to the present-day "département" of Maine-et-Loire.


title: Transfiguration

paragraphs: The Transfiguration is an event in the life of Jesus Christ described in the Gospel of Luke, Gospel of Matthew, and Gospel of Mark. The disciples go up a mountain with Jesus. He begins to shine, and meets with Moses and Elijah. A voice from a cloud says, "this is my beloved Son: hear him" (Luke 9:35).


title: National People's Army

paragraphs: The National People's Army (NPA; , "NVA") was the armed forces of East Germany.

paragraphs: The NPA was founded on 1 March 1956. It developed from the "Kasernierte Volkspolizei" (Barracked People's Police), which was started in 1952. Serving with the army was voluntary at first. Conscription was introduced on 24 January 1962. Conscription was for male citizens between the ages of 18 and 26. If they were selected, they had to serve in the NPA for 18 months. The NVA was at its largest in 1987. It had about 175,000 soldiers at this time.

paragraphs: The NVA was modeled on Soviet military philosophy. Its leadership and operations were governed by the officer corp. The non-commissioned officer corps was limited in terms of authority and responsibility, unlike in the West German army. There were also political officers throughout the NVA, whose job it was to guarantee the loyalty of the military to the ruling political party.

paragraphs: The NVA was made up of four main branches:

paragraphs: The NVA also had a large number of reserve and paramilitary forces. These could be called to serve during a crisis.

paragraphs: The NVA was merged into the Bundeswehr in October 1990 upon the reunification of Germany. The merging of the two German militaries was not done equally. Many non-commissioned officers and almost all commissioned officers were not accepted into the Bundeswehr. Instead, they were discharged from service. Those who were given a place in the Bundeswehr were usually demoted by one rank. Most of the barracks were closed and much of the NVA's equipment was sold or donated to other nations.


title: Serse

paragraphs: Serse (English: Xerxes) is an opera seria in three acts with music by George Frideric Handel. The Italian libretto was written by Silvio Stampiglia. The opera was first performed in London on 15 April 1738. The opera was a failure. It closed after only five performances. The first aria in the opera, "Ombra mai fu", is very famous. It is sometimes known as "Handel's Largo".


paragraphs: The Land Forces of the National People's Army () was the ground-based military branch of the National People's Army. It was the largest branch, with 120,000 soldiers.

paragraphs: The "LaSK" had a peacetime organisation since 1972 under the command of the "Kommando Landstreitkräfte". Its largest formations during peacetime were Military Districts III and V.

paragraphs: In addition to Military Districts III and V, additional artillery and support units, as well as paratroopers of the Luftsturmregiment 40 (Prior to 1986, the 40. Fallschirmjägerbataillon), were also under direct command of the "Kdo. LaSK".

paragraphs: In wartime, both military districts would have been transformed into armies under Soviet high command.


title: Volksmarine

paragraphs: The Volksmarine () was the navy of East Germany. It was a part of the National People's Army, established in 1956.


title: Buddy Scott

paragraphs: Kenneth "Buddy" Scott (January 9, 1935 – February 5, 1994) was an American blues guitarist.

paragraphs: Scott was born in Goodman, Mississippi on January 9, 1935. His family came from Chicago, Illinois. Buddy formed a group called Scotty and the Rib Tips and recorded several singles late in the 1960s. They played locally in Chicago blues establishments for over a generation.

paragraphs: Scott signed a recording contract with Verve in 1993, and released his debut major-label release, "Bad Avenue", that year, but died of stomach cancer in Chicago, Illinois, not long after the album's release.


title: Barrett Deems

paragraphs: Barrett Deems (March 1, 1914 – September 15, 1998) was an American swing music jazz drummer.

paragraphs: Deems was born in Springfield, Illinois on March 1, 1914.

paragraphs: He was probably best known for his work with jazz musicians Jimmy Dorsey, Louis Armstrong (he performed as part of Armstrong's band in the 1956 musical "High Society"), Red Norvo, and Muggsy Spanier.

paragraphs: Deems died of pneumonia in Chicago, in September 1998, at the age of 84.


title: Peter Novick

paragraphs: Peter Novick (July 26, 1934 – February 17, 2012) was an American historian. He was best known for writing "" and the "American Historical Profession" and "The Holocaust in American Life". The latter title has also been published as The Holocaust and Collective Memory, especially for non-US anglophonic markets.

paragraphs: Novick was born on July 26, 1934 in Jersey City, New Jersey. He died on February 17, 2012 from lung cancer in Chicago, Illinois, aged 77.


title: Junior Wells

paragraphs: Junior Wells (Amos Wells Blakemore Jr.'; December 9, 1934January 15, 1998), born Amos Wells Blakemore Jr., was an American Chicago blues vocalist, harmonica player, and recording artist. Wells was best known for his performances and recordings with Muddy Waters, Earl Hooker and Buddy Guy. He also performed with Bonnie Raitt, The Rolling Stones, and Van Morrison.

paragraphs: Wells was born Amos Wells Blakemore Jr. on December 9, 1934 in Memphis, Tennessee. He was raised in West Memphis, Arkansas.

paragraphs: Wells continued performing until he was diagnosed with cancer in the summer of 1997. That fall, he suffered a heart attack while undergoing treatment, sending him into a coma.

paragraphs: Wells died in Chicago, Illinois from lymphoma on January 15, 1998, and was interred in the Oak Woods Cemetery, Greater Grand Crossing, Chicago.


title: Filippo Taglioni

paragraphs: Filippo Taglioni (5 November 1777 – 11 February 1871) was an Italian choreographer of the 19th century. His greatest work was the ballet, "La Sylphide". Most of his work has been lost. He taught his daughter, Marie Taglioni to dance. She became one of the greatest ballerinas in history.


title: Auguste Vestris

paragraphs: Marie-Jean-Augustin Vestris (27 March 1760 – 5 December 1842) was a French dancer and choreographer. He is known as Auguste Vestris

paragraphs: Vestris was born in Paris, the son of Gaetano Vestris and his mistress, the dancer Marie Allard. He was taught by his father, and made his debut in 1772 in the divertissement "La Cinquantaine". He scored his first great success the following year as Amor in his father's ballet "Endymion".

paragraphs: Vestris was appointed a soloist at the Paris Opéra in 1776, "premier danseur" in 1778, and "premier sujet de la danse" in 1780. He performed in the first production of Jean-Georges Noverre's "Les Petits Rien" and in Christoph Willibald Gluck's "Alceste".

paragraphs: In 1780, he began a successful association with the King's Theatre in London. He performed there for more than ten years. He choreographed several ballets for the theatre including "The Nymphs of Diana" (1781), "Le Premier Navigateur" (1786), dances in Grétry's opera "L'Épreuve villageoise" (1786), and "Les Folies d'Espagne" (1791). He and his father were so famous that Parliament stopped sitting to see them dance. He left his wife shortly after the birth of their son Armand.

paragraphs: He taught many of the famous dancers of the age. Among his pupils were Marius Petipa, Fanny Elssler, August Bournonville, Marie Taglioni and Jules Perrot.

paragraphs: Vestris retired in 1816 from the Paris Opéra. In 1835, at the age of 75, he danced a minuet at the Opéra with Taglioni. He died in 1842, and is buried in Paris in Montmartre Cemetery.

paragraphs: Vestris had extraordinary elevation and a dazzling virtuoso technique. Vestris was vain, arrogant and rude. The Opéra only tolerated his bad behavior for 35 years because of his great talent.


title: Division of Franklin

paragraphs: The Division of Franklin is an Australian electoral division in Tasmania. It was set up in 1903 and is named for Sir John Franklin, the polar explorer and Lt Governor of Van Diemen's Land 1843–46. It is covers an area of 6514 km² in southern Tasmania. This includes the Hobart suburbs of Bridgewater, Cygnet, Kingston, Lauderdale as well as Bruny Island.

paragraphs: Harry Quick was forced out of the ALP for not paying his membership fees, and for not supporting the new candidate selected to replace him when he retired. Julie Collins was a minister in both Gillard Government and the second Rudd Government.


title: Division of Lyons

paragraphs: The Division of Lyons is an Australian electoral division in Tasmania. It was set up in 1984 is named for Joseph Lyons, Prime Minister of Australia 1931-39, Member for Wilmot from 1929–39, and his wife Dame Enid Lyons. Dame Enid was the first woman elected to the Australian House of Representatives in 1943 and the first female member of Cabinet (1949–51).

paragraphs: It is covers an area of 32,910 km² central Tasmania, stretching from the eastern to western coasts and includes such places as New Norfolk, Deloraine and St Marys.


title: Central Bank of Azerbaijan

paragraphs: The Central Bank of Azerbaijan () is the central bank of Azerbaijan. The headquarters of the bank is in the capital city Baku. The bank has regional branch offices in Nakhchivan, Ganja, Yevlakh, Khachmaz, Goychay and Bilasuvar.

paragraphs: The bank was first established on September 16, 1919 shortly after the establishment of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic on May 28, 1918. It was closed when Azerbaijan was occupied and annexed by the Soviet Union, and was established again in February 11, 1992 after the Soviet Union ended and Azerbaijan became independent again on October 18, 1991.

paragraphs: The main tasks of the Central Bank of Azerbaijan are:

paragraphs: The Executive Board is made up of the Governor, who is the Chairperson of the Board of directors, and 4 members who are appointed by the President of Azerbaijan and the National Assembly of Azerbaijan. The current governor is Elman Rustamov.


title: Harbin International Snow and Ice Festival

paragraphs: The Harbin International Ice and Snow Festival (or simply Harbin Ice Festival) is a festival held every year in Harbin, China. It involves ice sculptures and winter activities. Officially, the festival starts on 5 January and lasts one month. The festival has been held since 1963. It started as a local traditional ice lantern show and garden party during Chinese Spring Festival.

paragraphs: The festival was stopped for a number of years during the Cultural Revolution. It was resumed on 5 January 1985, when the Harbin city government hosted it at Zhaolin Park. It was then announced as an annual event. In 2001, the festival was merged with Heilongjiang International Ski Festival and got its current formal name. The Harbin Ice Festival is one of the world's top ice and snow festivals. It attracts a growing number of visitors from around the world.

paragraphs: The festival has a series of shows at theme parks and ice activities on the Songhua River.


title: Division of Gippsland

paragraphs: The Division of Gippsland is an Australian Electoral Division in Victoria. It was set up for the first federal election in 1901. It is named for the Gippsland region of eastern Victoria, which in turn is named for Sir George Gipps, Governor of New South Wales 1838–46. It covers an area of 35,054 km² including the towns of Bairnsdale, Morwell, Sale and Traralgon.

paragraphs: Peter McGauran held several ministerial postions in the Howard Government


title: Division of Goldstein

paragraphs: The Division of Goldstein is an Australian Electoral Division in Victoria. It was set up in 1984. It is named for Vida Goldstein, the first woman in the British Empire to stand for election to parliament. It covers an area of 50 km² in the bayside suburbs of Melbourne, including Beaumaris, Bentleigh, Brighton and Sandringham.

paragraphs: Andrew Robb was the Federal Director of the Liberal Party from 1990-1997. He served as Minister for Vocational and Further Education in the Howard Government, and Minister for Trade and Investment in the Abbott Government.


title: Linear independence

paragraphs: Linear independence is a concept from linear algebra. It is used to talk about vector spaces. Each vector space has a null vector. This vector is expressed as a linear combination (a sum) of other vectors. A set of these vectors is called "linearly independent" if and only if all of them are needed to express this null vector. This is equivalent to saying that at least one of the vectors can be expressed as a linear combination of the others. If the vectors are not linearly independent, they are called "linearly dependent".

paragraphs: As an example, take the three-dimensional Euclidean space:

paragraphs: Here the first three vectors are linearly independent; but the fourth vector equals nine times the first plus five times the second plus four times the third, so the four vectors together are linearly dependent. Linear dependence is a property of the family, not of any particular vector; for example in this case we could just as well write the first vector as a linear combination of the last three.


title: Division of Blair

paragraphs: The Division of Blair is an Australian Electoral Division in Queensland. Created in 1998, it is named after Harold Blair, an Aboriginal singer and civil rights campaigner. It covers an area of 6,409 km² west of Brisbane and includes Kilcoy, Toogoolawah, Esk, Cominya, Lowood, Fernvale, Ipswich, Minden, Marburg, Rosewood, and Walloon.

paragraphs: During the 2007 election campaign Blair received more funding promises from the Howard Government than any other electorate in the country.


title: Mary Kom

paragraphs: Mangte Chungneijang Mary Kom (b. 1 March 1983) is an Indian boxer. Kom is a member of the Kom tribe of north-east India. She was born in Kangathei, Churachandpur, Manipur.

paragraphs: Since childhood, Kom has liked athletics boxing and was good at them. She became interested in boxing after watching Dingko Singh in 2000. That same year, she began training with M. Narjit Singh (Manipur State Boxing Coach) at Khuman Lampak, Imphal.

paragraphs: Kom has won the World Boxing championship five times in a row. She is the only woman to get a medal and trophy in all six world championships. She is also the only Indian woman to qualify for boxing in the 2012 London Olympics. At the 2013 Games, she competed in the flyweight category 51kg and won a bronze medal. She had also been ranked as No. 1 AIBA World Women's Ranking Light Flyweight category.

paragraphs: Kom is married to K Onler Kom. They have twin sons named Rechungvar and Khupneivar. She lives with her family in Manipur.


title: Count of Anjou

paragraphs: Count of Anjou was a title first given to Ingelger. His male line ended with Geoffrey II of Anjou. The next line of counts of Anjou were descended from Geoffrey's sister Ermengarde-Blanche and her husband Geoffrey II, Count of Gâtinais. Their descendants include the Plantagenet kings of England.

paragraphs: In 1204, Anjou was lost to king Philip II of France. It was re-granted as an appanage for Louis VIII's son John. He died in 1232 at the age of thirteen. Anjou was then given to Louis's youngest son, Charles. He later became the king of Sicily.

paragraphs: In 1290, Margaret married Charles of Valois, the younger brother of king Philip IV of France. He became Count of Anjou in her right.


title: Ingelger

paragraphs: Ingelger (or Ingelgarius) († ) was a Frankish nobleman who became the first count of Anjou. He began a known as House of Ingelger.

paragraphs: Ingelger was the son of a Frankish nobleman Tertullus and his wife Petronilla. She was the niece of Raino, Bishop of Angers. Petronilla was also a relative of Hugh the Abbot, an counselor to both Louis II and Louis III of France. His mother's influence was one of the reasons for Ingelger's success. Records of the time call Ingelger a "miles optimus" (a great military man). Louis II appointed Ingelger as viscount of Orléans which at the time was under the rule of the Bishop of Orléans. While at Orléans Ingelger married Adelais. Later Ingelger was appointed prefect (military commander) at Tours. Some time after this Ingelger was made Count of Anjou. At this time the county went only as far west as the Mayenne River. He was buried in the church of Saint-Martin at Châteauneuf-sur-Sarthe.

paragraphs: Ingelger married Adelis, a close relative of Raino, Bishop of Angers. He was succeeded by their son:


title: Tyndall effect

paragraphs: The Tyndall effect is when light is scattered by particles of matter in its path. It makes a beam of light visible by lighting the particles.

paragraphs: Under the Tyndall effect, the longer-wavelength light is more transmitted while the shorter-wavelength light is more reflected by scattering. In effect, blue light is scattered much more strongly than red light.

paragraphs: The blue of a clear sky, and the blue of blue eyes is caused by the Tyndall effect, not by a pigment. Its named after John Tyndall.

paragraphs: Tyndall effect can also be observed when sunlight passes through the canopy of a dense forest.


title: Mid-Sea Road

paragraphs: Mid-Sea Road is a road in Uruma, Okinawa in Japan. It connects two islands.


title: Arrondissements of the Pyrénées-Orientales department

paragraphs: There are 3 arrondissements in the Pyrénées-Orientales department. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into "arrondissements", which may be translated into English as districts (in some cases, as boroughs). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.

paragraphs: If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture. Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

paragraphs: The arrondissements of Pyrénées-Orientales are:

paragraphs: Since its creation, the Pyrénées-Orientales department, first with the name of Roussillon, has had few changes:


title: Arrondissement of Céret

paragraphs: The arrondissement of Céret is an arrondissement of France; it is the southermost "arrondissement" of Metropolitan France. It is part of the Pyrénées-Orientales "département". Its capital is the city of Céret.

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Céret is in the southeast of the department; it is the southernmost "arrondissement" of France.

paragraphs: When the Pyrénées-Orientales department was created on 17 February 1800, the "arrondissement" of Céret was part of that original department.

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Céret is the smallest of the "arrondissements" of the department, with an area of , but it is the second in population, after the Perpignan "arrondissement", with 73,192 inhabitants and a density of inhabitants/km².

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" is bordered to the north by the Perpignan "arrondissement", to the east by the Mediterranean Sea, to the south by Spain, to the west and northwest by the Prades "arrondissement".

paragraphs: After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements".

paragraphs: In the "arrondissement" of Céret, there are 2 cantons whose "communes" are in the "arrondissement": La Côte Vermeille and Vallespir-Albères. The following table shows the distribution of the "communes" in the cantons and "arrondissements":

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Céret has 40 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes):

paragraphs: The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are:


title: Arrondissement of Perpignan

paragraphs: The arrondissement of Perpignan is an arrondissement of France. It is part of the Pyrénées-Orientales "département". Its capital is the city of Perpignan.

paragraphs: When the Pyrénées-Orientales department was created on 17 February 1800, the "arrondissement" of Perpignan was part of that original department.

paragraphs: The arrondissement of Perpignan is in the northeast of the department; it is the second in area, after Prades, of the "arrondissements" of the department, with an area of , but it is the first in population with 349,959 inhabitants and a density of inhabitants/km².

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" is bordered to the north by the Aude department, to the east by the Mediterranean Sea, to the south by the Céret "arrondissement" and to the west by the Prades "arrondissement".

paragraphs: In the "arrondissement" of Perpignan, there are 10 cantons whose "communes" are in the "arrondissement"; others have "communes" in other "arrondissements". The following table shows the distribution of the "communes" in the cantons and "arrondissements":

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Perpignan has 86 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)::


title: Arrondissement of Prades

paragraphs: The arrondissement of Prades is an arrondissement of France. It is part of the Pyrénées-Orientales "département". Its capital is the city of Prades. It is the only arrondissement of the department without access to the Mediterranean Sea.

paragraphs: When the Pyrénées-Orientales department was created on 17 February 1800, the "arrondissement" of Prades was part of that original department.

paragraphs: The "arrondissement of Prades" is in the southwest of the department and is the largest of the "arrondissements" of the department, with an area of , but it is the third in population, with 43,176 inhabitants and a density of inhabitants/km².

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" is bordered to the north by the Aude department, to the east by the "arrondissements" of Perpignan and Céret, to the south by Spain, to the southwest by Andorra and to the northwest by the Ariège department.

paragraphs: In the "arrondissement" of Prades, only the Les Pyrénées catalanes canton has its 62 "communes" in the "arrondissement". The following table shows the distribution of the "communes" in the cantons and "arrondissements":

paragraphs: The "arrondissement" of Prades has 100 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes):


title: East German mark

paragraphs: The East German mark was the official currency of East Germany from 1948 until 1990 when it was replaced by the Deutsche Mark.


title: Fulk I of Anjou

paragraphs: Fulk I of Anjou (870 – 942), called "the Red" (, ), was first the viscount of Anjou, then Count of Anjou until his death. He was the Count of Tours, Count of Nantes, and a lay abbot. Fulk increased the size of the county of Anjou as well as the prestige of his family.

paragraphs: Born , Fulk was the son of Count Ingelger and Adelais de Amboise.

paragraphs: He ruled the county of Anjou from to 942, first as Viscount then in 929 as Count. It is not known why there was a period of time between Ingelger's rule and his son Fulk's. In 899 he became Viscount of Tours and in 905, Count of Tours. About 900-918 he was Count of Nantes. He increased the territory of the county of Anjou. During his reign, he was permanently at war with the Normans and the Bretons. He lost Nantes to the Normans in 919. Normans and their Viking allies often invaded Brittany and Anjou. , Ingelger, Fulk's oldest son was killed defending Anjou against Norman attacks.

paragraphs: Fulk built important connections for his family. His wife's family helped secure his countship of Nantes. His son Guy became the Bishop of Soissons. Fulk also succeeded his , Warnerius, as lay abbot of Saint-Aubin. Fulk was lay abbot of St. Lézin as well. Through these many positions Fulk his family's status and fortune. Fulk I died .

paragraphs: Fulk married Roscille de Loches. She was the daughter of Warnerius (Widone),Seigneur de Loches, de Villentrois, & de la Haye, and his wife Tecandra. He and Roscille had:


title: Charles University

paragraphs: Charles University is a university in Prague. It is one of the oldest universities in the world. King Charles IV signed an official letter to start the university on April 7, 1348.


title: Fanny Elssler

paragraphs: Fanny Elssler (23 June 1810 – 27 November 1884) was an Austrian ballerina of the Romantic Period.


title: Wells Fargo

paragraphs: Wells Fargo is a multinational bank network based in California. They operate all across the world. Wells Fargo is the 4th largest bank in the United States. The bank was established in New York City in March of 1852. The founders of the bank system were Henry Wells and William Fargo, who had already made American Express.


title: Division of Brand

paragraphs: The Division of Brand is an Australian electoral division in the state of Western Australia. The division was named after Sir David Brand, a former state premier. It was created in 1984 because of the large increase in population. It covers an area of 411 km² south of Perth. It includes the City of Kwinana, City of Rockingham and the northern section of the City of Mandurah.

paragraphs: According to the 2006 census, Brand is the electorate with the lowest proportion (12.6%) of residents with a university qualification.

paragraphs: Wendy Fatin was Minister for the Arts in the early 1990s. Kim Beazley was Minister for Defence in the Hawke Government, and Deputy Prime Minister to Paul Keating. He took over the seat in 1996. He had been the member for Swan but changes in the boundaries showed he would lose it. At the 1996 election, Beazley won Brand by just 387 votes. Gary Gray was Minister for Resources and Energy, Minister for Tourism and Minister for Small Business in the Rudd Government.


title: Aji Pangeran Tumenggung Pranoto Airport

paragraphs: Aji Pangeran Tumenggung Pranoto Airport or APT Pranoto Airport, also known as Sungai Siring Airport is the airport of Samarinda that was built at Sungai Siring on Samarinda. It is one of the leading airports in Kaltim. It is the hub for Kaltim Airlines. It is the busiest airport in terms of passengers in Kaltim.

paragraphs: The airport has a railway system linking it to the city of Samarinda. It was designed by PT Waskita Karya. The aim of the airport was to increase traffic and capacity which the old Temindung Airport could not handle.


title: Morgan Stanley

paragraphs: Morgan Stanley is an American multinational bank club. Its headquarters is in Manhattan, New York. Morgan Stanley operates in over forty countries. The group was founded in 1935.


title: Division of Canning

paragraphs: The Division of Canning is an Australian Electoral Division in Western Australia. It was set up in 1949 and is named for Alfred Canning, the surveyor who set up the Canning Stock Route. It once covered country areas but now includes the outer southern suburbs of Perth. It includes the suburbs of Armadale, Mandurah, Kelmscott, Roleystone, Westfield and Wungong. It also includes Byford, Cardup, Dwellingup, Forrestdale, Halls Head, Jarrahdale, Mundijong, North Dandalup, Oakford, Pinjarra, Ravenswood, Serpentine, Waroona and Yunderup.


title: Bracket fungus

paragraphs: Bracket fungi, or shelf fungi, are among the many groups of fungi in the phylum Basidiomycota.

paragraphs: They produce shelf- or bracket-shaped fruiting bodies called conks. These lie in a close group of horizontal rows. Brackets can range from only a single row of a few caps, to dozens of rows of caps that can weigh several hundred pounds. They are mainly found on trees (living and dead) and woody debris. Some form annual fruiting bodies while others are perennial and grow larger year after year. Bracket fungi are usually tough and sturdy. Their spores, called basidiospores, are in pores on the undersurface.


title: Jelly fungus

paragraphs: Jelly fungi are a paraphyletic group of several fungal orders from different classes of the subphylum Agaricomycotina. The name comes from their form, or growth habit. Their fruiting body is foliose or irregularly branched. It looks like jelly. Actually, many are somewhat rubbery and gelatinous. When dried, jelly fungi become hard and shriveled; when exposed to water, they return to their original form.

paragraphs: Some jelly fungi can be eaten raw; poisonous jelly fungi are rare. However, many species have an unpalatable texture or taste. However, some species, "Tremella fuciformis" for example, are not only edible but prized for use in soup and vegetable dishes.


title: Stinkhorn

paragraphs: The stinkhorns are a family of fungi, the Phallaceae. Belonging to the fungal order Phallales, the Phallaceae have a worldwide distribution, but are especially common in tropical regions. Their mushrooms are foul-smelling, sticky spore masses, or gleba, on the end of a stalk.

paragraphs: Their mushroom distinguishes the Phallaceae from other families in the Phalalles. The spore mass smells of carrion or dung, and attracts flies and other insects to help disperse the spores. Although a great diversity of body structure shape exists between the various genera, all species in the Phallaceae begin their development as oval or round structures known as "eggs". According to a 2008 estimate, the family contains 21 genera and 77 species.


title: Todd Graff

paragraphs: Todd Graff (October 22, 1959) is an American actor, writer, director, producer and former singer. He is best known for his independent movie "Camp". This was released in 2003, at the Sundance Film Festival. It was successfully shown at many festivals, including the Festival of New Films / New Directors of Lincoln Center, the Sydney Film Festival (where it won first prize), and the Provincetown Film Festival (where it won best film). Graff replaced recently departed Stephen Gustafson from The Electric Company in 1975.

paragraphs: Graff acted in movies such as "The Abyss" (1989). He also acted on stage in the Broadway musical "Baby". He was later able to build a reputation as a writer.


title: Second Battle of Bull Run

paragraphs: The Second Battle of Bull Run (also called the Battle of Second Manassas) was a battle during the American Civil War. It was fought from August 28 to August 30, 1862. It ended in a Confederate victory.

paragraphs: Union president Abraham Lincoln formed the Army of Virginia near Washington, D.C. in July 1862. He put Major General John Pope in command of the army. Lincoln wanted Pope to attack the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia.

paragraphs: Confederate General Robert E. Lee commanded the Army of Northern Virginia. He was trying to protect Richmond from another Union army on the Peninsula. The Union Army of the Potomac had just tried to capture Richmond a few weeks before but failed. Lee would be outnumbered if the two Union armies united. He moved his army north to fight Pope.

paragraphs: Lee planned to send Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson's corps to the rear of Pope's army. He wanted to surround Pope. Jackson camped near the Bull Run on August 28, where the First Battle of Bull Run was fought in 1861. Jackson attacked part of Pope's army on August 28 but was defeated.

paragraphs: Pope then tried to attack Jackson on August 29 and destroy his corps. All of the Union attacks failed. Lee arrived during the evening with James Longstreet's corps.

paragraphs: Pope tried to attack Jackson again on August 30 but again was defeated. Lee then attacked Pope and routed the Union army.

paragraphs: There were 13,826 Union casualties in the battle. Pope retreated back to Washington. His army was combined with the Army of the Potomac. Pope was sent to Minnesota after the battle.

paragraphs: There were 8,353 Confederate casualties in the battle. Lee decided to invade Maryland after the battle.


title: Cytotoxic T cell

paragraphs: A cytotoxic T cell is a type of white blood cell. It is a T lymphocyte which kills cancer cells, cells infected with viruses, or cells that are damaged in other ways.

paragraphs: Most cytotoxic T cells have T-cell receptors (TCRs) which recognize a specific antigen from a cancer cell or virus.

paragraphs: Antigens inside a cell are brought to the surface of the cell by major histocompatibility complex molecules, where they can be recognized by the T cell. If the TCR is specific for that antigen, it binds to the complex of MHC molecule and antigen, and the T cell destroys the cell.


title: Lockheed C-141 Starlifter

paragraphs: The Lockheed C-141 Starlifter is a military US transport aircraft. It was used by US Air Force between 1965 and 2006. It flew for the Vietnam War and the Gulf War. It was only used in the United States. A total of 285 were built.


title: Fuji FA 200

paragraphs: The Fuji FA 200 is a civilian light aircraft. It was built in Japan between 1968 and 1986. There were 275 of them built. It is a single-engine aircraft.


title: War (U2 album)

paragraphs: War is the third studio album by Irish rock band U2, released in 1983.

paragraphs: The band's first album, "Boy" is about childhood and the second album, "October" is about spirituality. This album is about war and politics. This is because of songs like "Sunday Bloody Sunday". The album was named "War" because of what was happening in the world while they were recording. Bono said that "everywhere you looked, from the Falklands to the Middle East and South Africa, there was war."

paragraphs: "War" sold well for the band right away. Michael Jackson's album, "Thriller" fell from the top of the charts. "War" became U2's first album in the United Kingdom to reach #1. It was not well liked by British critics at first, but over the years has gained approval.

paragraphs: U2 began recording "War" in May 1982. Bono and his bride Alison, had just been married. The band took a break while Bono and Alison went on a honeymoon in Jamaica. But Bono worked on the lyrics for the upcoming album while on vacation.

paragraphs: All of the songs and the lyrics were written by U2.


title: Sweet roll

paragraphs: A sweet roll (or sweet bun) refers to any kind of bread roll or bun that is made to taste sweet. They are eaten as a breakfast or dessert food. They may contain spices, nuts, fruits, and are often glazed or topped with icing. Compared to regular bread dough, sweet roll dough generally has more sugar, fat, eggs and yeast. They are often round, and are small enough to be eaten by one person. They are different to pastries, which are made from a paste-like batter, and from cakes, which are usually not leavened like bread is. They are also not the same as doughnuts, which are deep fried.


title: Margaret Pellegrini

paragraphs: Margaret Pellegrini (September 23, 1923 – August 7, 2013) was an American actress. She was one of the last surviving munchkins from the 1939 movie "The Wizard of Oz". Pellegrini was one of only two surviving female munchkins from the movie.

paragraphs: Pellegrini was born on September 23, 1923 in Tuscumbia, Alabama. She was married to Willie Pellegrini until his death. They had two children. Pellegrini died on August 7, 2013 in Glendale, Arizona from a stroke, aged 89.


title: Pterois

paragraphs: Pterois, also known as lionfish, is a genus of venomous marine fish. They are found mostly in the Indo-Pacific.

paragraphs: "Pterois" is characterized by warning coloration with red, white, creamy, or black bands, showy pectoral fins and venomous spiky fin rays. "Pterois" are classified into a number of different species, but "Pterois radiata", "Pterois volitans" and "Pterois miles" are the most commonly studied. "Pterois" are popular aquarium fish and are readily used for cooking.

paragraphs: "Pterois" are about 2.44in to 16.69in cm with typical adults measuring 14.96in  cm. They weigh an average of 1.05 lbs.


title: Viscount

paragraphs: A Viscount (, ) is a member of the European nobility. A viscount usually ranks above a baron and below a count. The female equivalent is a Viscountess.

paragraphs: Beginning in the early ninth century the Carolingian kings appointed counts to run local county governments. The counts used viscounts or deputy counts to assist them.

paragraphs: The viscounts served as deputies of the county. They had military, financial, administrative and judicial authority. They carried out court orders and held courts of their own. Viscounts also collected money for the king. Starting with the reign of Philip the Fair they were paid regular salaries. In the early tenth century, viscounts in the south of France gave themselves the rights of counts for their own profit. In Narbonne and Nimes the office became just like that of a count. Elsewhere in France viscounts began replacing counts where they could. A Viscounty (or Viscountship) was the office, area or jurisdiction of a viscount. By the eleventh century viscounts had become hereditary offices in most of Western Europe. In Normandy, before 1066, Duke William I began to view the position of a viscount as being . After 1066, and as King of England, William made several of his viscounts in Normandy, earls in England (an English earl was about the same as a count in Europe). But there were no viscounts in the English peerage and he did not create any.

paragraphs: In eleventh century Italy, the office and the lands of a viscount began to be thought of as the hereditary property of the family. The title, as with that of count or marquis was used by all members of a family.

paragraphs: The first introduction of the title of viscount in England was in the fifteenth century. The first to be recognized, John Beaumont was already a viscount in Maine. This was to give him a rank above the barons in the English peerage. Afterward it became a regular rank in the peerage. In England, and later in the United Kingdom, a viscount ranks above a baron but below an earl. The wife of a viscount is called a countess.


title: Montacute, South Australia

paragraphs: Montacute is a small town and suburb in Adelaide Hills, South Australia. The town is on Fifth Creek. It is mostly a rural area. Rostrevor is to the west of the suburb, while Lenswood is to the east, Castambul is to the north, and Norton Summit and Cherryville are to its west. The small town of Montacute Heights is on top of the ridge between Fifth and Sixth Creeks.

paragraphs: Copper was discovered in the area in 1843, and a mine was built soon after. One of the people who gave money for the mine was Sir John Baker. He named the area after Montacute in Somerset, which was close to the place where he was born. Gold was discovered in 1846. The "Victoria Mine" became the first gold deposit to be commercially mined in Australia.

paragraphs: The main industries are now orchards and market gardens. The 200-hectare Montacute Conservation Park was founded in 1971.

paragraphs: Corkscrew Road is a popular route for cyclists and people on day-trips. It is a small road linking Montacute Heights with Gorge Road via a precipitous route with many twists and turns.


title: Division of Cowan

paragraphs: The Division of Cowan is an Australian Electoral Division in Western Australia. It was created in 1984 and is named for Edith Cowan, the first woman elected to an Australian Parliament. It covers the northern suburbs of Perth, including Girrawheen, Greenwood, Kingsley, Landsdale, Woodvale and Marangaroo.

paragraphs: Graham Edwards had been a member of the Western Australian Legislative Council, and a minister in the Lawrence Government.


title: Division of Curtin

paragraphs: The Division of Curtin is an Australian Electoral Division in Western Australia. It was created in 1949 and is named for John Curtin, who was Prime Minister of Australia 1941-45. Much of the area was part of the Division of Fremantle, which Curtin represented from 1928 to 1945. It covers the beachside suburbs of Perth, including Claremont, Cottesloe, Mosman Park, Nedlands, Subiaco and Swanbourne.

paragraphs: Its most famous member was Paul Hasluck, a Cabinet minister and later Governor-General of Australia. Julie Bishop was Minister for Education, Science and Training and Minister Assisting the Prime Minister for Women's Issues in the Howard Government. She is the Deputy Leader of the parliamentary Liberal Party, making her the first woman to hold this role.


title: Lionel Rose

paragraphs: Lionel Edmund Rose MBE (21 June 1948 – 8 May 2011) was an Australian boxer. He was the first indigenous Australian to win a world title. Rose was ranked as a bantamweight boxer. This is a class for boxers who weigh between .

paragraphs: Rose was born and raised in Victoria. He was born at Jacksons Track, and lived in the town of Warragul. Rose had a difficult childhood. He learned to box from his father, Roy. Roy was a skilled fighter who competed in local house shows. At the age of 10, Rose was given a pair of gloves by his teacher, Ian Hawkins. When he was about 15, he began to be taught by Frank Oakes, a trainer in Warragul. Rose later married Frank's daughter, Jenny Oakes.

paragraphs: In 1970, at the age of 15, Rose won the Australian amateur flyweight title.

paragraphs: Rose competed in his first professional boxing match on 9 September 1964. He won against Mario Magriss over eight rounds. This fight was in Warragul, but most of Rose's fights were held in Melbourne. Along the way he was helped by Jack and Shirley Rennie. He stayed in their home in Melbourne, training each day in their backyard.

paragraphs: Rose won his first five matches. After this, he was rematched with Singtong Por Tor, whom he had previously beaten in a 12-round decision. They fought this rematch on 23 July 1965. Por Tor won in six rounds by earning more points than Rose. This was Rose's first defeat. On 14 October 1965, he had his first fight outside Australia. He fought Laurie Ny in Christchurch, New Zealand. Rose beat Ny in 10 rounds.

paragraphs: Of his next nine fights, Rose won eight. He scored one knockout. The one match he lost in those nine fights was to Ray Perez. On 28 October 1966, he fought for the Australian bantamweight title against Noel Kunde in Melbourne. He won the title by defeating Kunde in a 15-round decision. By winning in this match, Rose became the Australian bantamweight champion.

paragraphs: Rose won one more belt in 1966 and eight in 1967. He defended his Australian championship against Rocky Gattellari, winning by knockout in the 13th round of the match. After this, Rose challenged Fighting Harada for the world bantamweight championship on 26 February 1968 in Tokyo. He beat Harada in a 15-round decision. This win made him the first Aboriginal Australian to be a world-champion boxer. It made Rose a national hero in Australia, particularly among Aboriginal Australians. He was awarded Australian of the Year for 1968.

paragraphs: On 2 July of that year, Rose returned to Tokyo to defend his title against Takao Sakurai. He beat Sakurai with a 15-round decision. On 6 December, he fought against Chucho Castillo in Inglewood, California. Rose beat Castillo by decision, but the verdicts in favour of him made many in the crowd angry, as they supported Castillo. A riot began, the referee and 14 fans were injured.

paragraphs: On 8 March 1969, Rose fought against Alan Rudkin. Rose won in a 15-round decision, and kept the championship. Five months later, he returned to Inglewood, where he faced Rubén Olivares on 22 August. Olivares knocked out Rose in the fifth round, and so Rose lost the world bantamweight title.

paragraphs: Rose continued boxing after his defeat against Olivares. However, after he lost several fights against boxers who were not very well known, many believed his career as a prime fighter was over. On 10 October 1970, he beat future world lightweight champion Itshimatsu Suzuki in a 10-round decision. Once again, he became a world title challenger, but in the lightweight division.

paragraphs: Rose lost to Jeff White for the Australian lightweight championship. He then fought against world junior lightweight champion Yoshiaki Numata, on 30 May 1971 in Hiroshima. Numata beat Rose by a 15-round decision. Rose announced his retirement soon after.

paragraphs: During his break from boxing in the 1970s, Rose begun a modest career as a singer. He had a few songs that were successful in Australia, such as "I Thank You" and "Please Remember Me" in 1970. The song "I Thank You" was one of the most successful singles in Australia in 1970. It was played instead of the Australian National Anthem during radio broadcasts of the Rugby League State of Origin.

paragraphs: Rose came back to boxing in 1975. However, after losing four of his six matches, including one against Rafael Limón, he decided to retire forever. As a professional boxer, Rose had a record of 42 wins and 11 losses, with 12 wins by knockout.

paragraphs: After boxing, Rose became a successful businessman. A television miniseries called "Rose Against the Odds" (1991) was made about Rose's life story. It starred Paul Williams and Telly Savalas. It was released as a full-length movie in 1995. Melbourne filmmaker Eddie Martin premiered his feature-length documentary "Lionel" at the Melbourne International Film Festival in 2008.

paragraphs: Rose was one of the original boxers to be inducted into the Australian National Boxing Hall of Fame in 2003.

paragraphs: In 2007, Rose suffered a stroke. It left him unable to speak and move very well. He died on 8 May 2011, after an illness which lasted for several months.


title: Malachi Favors

paragraphs: Malachi Favors (August 22, 1927 – January 30, 2004) was an American jazz bassist. He was best known for his work with the Art Ensemble of Chicago.

paragraphs: Favors was born on August 22, 1927 in Lexington, Mississippi. He was raised in Chicago, Illinois.

paragraphs: Well known records of his include Natural and the Spiritual (solo bass, 1977) and "Sightsong" (duets with Muhal Richard Abrams, 1975). In 1994 he played with Roman Bunka (Oud) at Berlin Jazz Fest and recorded the "German Critics Poll Winner" album "Color me Cairo".

paragraphs: Favors died on January 30, 2004 in Chicago, Illinois from pancreatic cancer, aged 76.


title: R. Hunter Middleton

paragraphs: Robert Hunter Middleton (May 6, 1898 – August 3, 1985) was an Scottish-American book designer, painter, and type designer.

paragraphs: Middleton was born in Glasgow, Scotland on May 6, 1898. He came to Chicago in 1908 where he studied at the School of the Art Institute.

paragraphs: He joined the design department of the Ludlow Typograph Company in 1923 and served as director of the department of typeface design from 1933–71. In 1944 he began operating a private press, The Cherryburn Press. He died in Chicago.

paragraphs: Middleton died on August 3, 1985 from natural causes in his home in Chicago, Illinois, aged 87.


title: Povilas Tautvaišas

paragraphs: Povilas Tautvaišas (English: Paul Tautvaisas / Tautvaisis) (born 6 May 1916, Mogilev – died November 1980, Chicago) was a Lithuanian-American chess master.

paragraphs: He played twice for the Lithuanian team in the Chess Olympiads, at eighth board (+4 –8 =2) at Munich 1936 (unofficial Olympiad), and at fourth board (+5 –9 =6) in the 8th Olympiad at Buenos Aires 1939, during which World War II broke out.

paragraphs: Tautvaisas returned to Europe, unlike many other players in that event (Najdorf, Stahlberg, Eliskases, Frydman, "et al."). He took 5th, behind Birmanas, Arlauskas, Abramavičius, and Vaitonis, at the 1943 Lithuanian chess championship in Vilnius.

paragraphs: Tautvaišas died in November 1980 in Chicago, Illinois from a heart attack, aged 64.


title: Carl Wright (actor)

paragraphs: Carl Wright (February 2, 1932 – May 19, 2007) was an American tap dancer, actor, and comedian. He was known for his roles in "Soul Food", "Barbershop", and "Big Momma's House".

paragraphs: For several years, Wright teamed up with Chicago radio legend Pervis Spann playing a misguided and mischievous reverend on his Chicago television show, "Blues and More".

paragraphs: Wright was born in Orlando, Florida on February 2, 1932. He toured as a tap dancer as a young man, and for a time performed as The Three-Leggers with a one-legged partner. Wright died of cancer at his home in Chicago.


title: Fulk II of Anjou

paragraphs: Fulk II of Anjou (–960), called the good (), was a French nobleman and the Count of Anjou from 942 to his death in 960.

paragraphs: Fulk II was born about 905. He was the son of Fulk the Red and his wife Roscilla de Loches. She was a daughter of Warnerius, Seigneur de Villentrois. He succeeded his father in 942 as the second count of Anjou (also called the count of Angers) and remained in power until 960.

paragraphs: The Angevins, Fulk II included, had become very good at making marriage alliances that helped their goals. His father, Fulk the Red, had arranged his marriage to a Carolingian, Gerberga, the daughter of Ratburnus I Viscount of Vienne. Among other things this marriage made it possible for their daughter Adelaide-Blanche to marry a future king of France. It made them important enough for their son Guy to become Bishop of le Puy.

paragraphs: After Gerberga died Fulk made another political marriage. He married Adelaide, the widow of Alan II, Duke of Brittany. Alan II had also been Count of Nantes and the marriage probably gave Fulk control of Nantes. Adelaide was also the sister of Theobald I, Count of Blois. This allowed Fulk II to form an alliance with the House of Blois. Fulk died in 960. He was succeeded by his son Geoffrey Greymantle.

paragraphs: By his wife, Gerberge, Fulk II had several children:

paragraphs: By his second wife Adelaide, he had no children.


title: Morpho

paragraphs: A Morpho is a butterfly in one of over 29 species and 147 subspecies in the genus "Morpho".

paragraphs: Morphos are Neotropical butterflies found mostly in South America, Mexico and Central America. Morphos range in wingspan from the 7.5 cm (3 inch) "M. rhodopteron" to the imposing 20 cm (8 inch) Sunset Morpho, "M. hecuba".

paragraphs: Many Morpho butterflies are coloured in metallic, shimmering shades of blue and green. These colours are not caused by pigment. They are an example of iridescence: light reflects through the microscopic scales covering the Morpho's wings.

paragraphs: The blue Morpho species have sexual dimorphism. In some species only the males are iridescent blue, the females are camouflaged brown and yellow. In other species the females are partially iridescent but less blue than the males.

paragraphs: Their habitat is the primary forests of the Amazon and Atlantic. They can breed in other forested habitats, for instance the dry deciduous woodlands of Nicaragua and in secondary forests.

paragraphs: Morphos are strong fliers, found at altitudes between sea level and about 1400 m. Morphos are diurnal: males spend the mornings patrolling along forest streams and rivers. They are territorial and will chase any rivals. Morphos typically live alone out of the mating season.

paragraphs: The adults are usually palatable, but hard to catch because they are such strong fliers. Birds find it very hard to catch them.

paragraphs: The conspicuous blue coloration shared by most "Morpho" species may be a case of Müllerian mimicry, or may be 'pursuit aposematism'. This means the bird learns that the colour says, in effect, "don't waste your energy, you can't catch me".

paragraphs: The entire life cycle of the Morpho butterfly, from egg to death, is approximately 115 days.

paragraphs: Although the adults are palatable, the larvae are not. Their hairs are irritating, and when disturbed they secrete a noxious fluid which smells like rancid butter. The strong odour is a defence against predators.

paragraphs: The caterpillar will molt five times before entering the pupal stage. The bulbous chrysalis is pale-green or jade-green and emits a repulsive, ultrasonic sound when touched. It is suspended from a stem or leaf of the foodplant.


title: Battle of Malvern Hill

paragraphs: The Battle of Malvern Hill was a battle in the American Civil War. It was fought on July 1, 1862.


title: Northwest Division (NBA)

paragraphs: The Northwest Division is one of three divisions in the Western Conference of the National Basketball Association, along with the Pacific Division and the Southwest Division. The five teams in this division are the Denver Nuggets, Minnesota Timberwolves, Oklahoma City Thunder, Portland Trail Blazers, and the Utah Jazz.


title: Pacific Division (NBA)

paragraphs: The Pacific Division is one of three divisions in the Western Conference of the National Basketball Association, along with the Northwest Division and the Southwest Division. The five teams in this division are the Golden State Warriors, Los Angeles Clippers, Los Angeles Clippers, Phoenix Suns, and the Sacramento Kings.


title: Southwest Division (NBA)

paragraphs: The Southwest Division is one of three divisions in the Western Conference of the National Basketball Association, along with the Pacific Division and the Northwest Division. The five teams in this division are the Dallas Mavericks, Houston Rockets, Memphis Grizzlies, New Orleans Pelicans, and the San Antonio Spurs.


title: Wells Fargo Center (Philadelphia)

paragraphs: The Wells Fargo Center is a multi-use indoor arena in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was called Spectrum II before it was built. It has previously been called the CoreStates Center, First Union Center and Wachovia Center.

paragraphs: The Wells Fargo Center is the home arena of the Philadelphia Flyers of the National Hockey League, the Philadelphia 76ers of the National Basketball Association, the Philadelphia Wings of the National Lacrosse League, and the Philadelphia Soul of the Arena Football League. The Center was finished in 1996 to replace the Spectrum as the home arena of the Flyers, 76ers, and Wings. It was built on the former site of John F. Kennedy Stadium (originally Philadelphia Municipal Stadium). The cost of it was $210 million, and it was mostly privately financed (though the city and state helped to pay for the local infrastructure). It is owned by Comcast Spectacor, which also owns the Flyers. Global Spectrum operates the arena. Comcast Spectacor also owns Global Spectrum.

paragraphs: The Wells Fargo Center is at the southwest corner of the South Philadelphia Sports Complex. Some of the buildings there are Lincoln Financial Field, Citizens Bank Park, and Xfinity Live!.

paragraphs: The Center officially seats 20,318 for NBA and NCAA basketball games and 19,537 for NHL hockey and indoor ("box") NLL lacrosse. With more standing-room areas available in luxury and club-box suites, the total paid capacity is actually more than that. The Center has 126 luxury suites, 1,880 club-box seats, and a many restaurants and clubs (both public and private) available for use by patrons. The offices, studios, and production facilities of Comcast SportsNet Philadelphia are all located in the facility.

paragraphs: On June 9, 2010, the Center set the record for the highest attendance for an indoor hockey game in the commonwealth of Pennsylvania (20,327) when the Flyers lost Game 6 of the 2010 Stanley Cup Finals to the Chicago Blackhawks. The Center also set a record for the highest attendances for a college basketball game in the commonwealth of Pennsylvania on February 13, 2006, when Villanova University played and defeated the #1 ranked University of Connecticut before a crowd of 20,859.

paragraphs: On August 1, 2006, Comcast Spectacor announced it would add a new center-hung scoreboard to replace the original one made by Daktronics. The new scoreboard, manufactured by ANC Sports is like other scoreboards in new NBA & NHL arenas. Another linear LED display lining the entire arena was also added between the suite and mezzanine levels. Other renovations for the Center's ten-year anniversary included upgrading the suites with more flat screen TV's, as well as changing ticket providers from Ticketmaster to New Era Tickets, which is owned by Comcast Spectacor.

paragraphs: The PA announcer at the Center for Flyers games is Lou Nolan, who moved with the team from the Spectrum, where he has worked since 1972. Matt Cord is the PA announcer for 76ers games. Jim Bachman is the PA announcer for Villanova basketball games. Kevin Casey handles PA duties for the Philadelphia Wings.


title: Protocol 41

paragraphs: Protocol 41 is a communication protocol which embeds internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) packets inside Internet protocol version 4 (IPv4) packets. It is usually used to allow a computer or router with only an IPv4 address to obtain an IPv6 address (or maybe more than one address, to serve more than one computer). Most IPv6 tunnel providers support Protocol 41, including Hurricane Electric and SixXS. 6to4, 6rd, and 6in4 are all different ways of using Protocol 41. Protocol 41 does not use TCP or UDP (although the IPv6 packets inside can carry TCP and UDP traffic). It is not to be confused with TCP or UDP port number 41.

paragraphs: 6to4 is a special usage of protocol 41. A 6to4 address starts with the digits 2002, followed by the IPv4 address of its router. A 6to4 address might look like: 2002:CB00:71FF:0:fe64:3486:d398:3346


title: Castor and Pollux

paragraphs: Castor and Pollux were twin brothers in Greek and Roman mythology. Together they are called the Dioscuri. They were the sons of Queen Leda of Sparta. Their twin sisters were Helen of Troy and Clytemnestra. Castor and Pollux were changed into the constellation called Gemini. Tyndareus, the king of Sparta, was the father of Castor, which made Castor mortal, while Zeus was the father of Pollux which made him a demigod.

paragraphs: Zeus seduced Leda as a swan and she laid four eggs, these eggs hatched and four children were born to Leda, the two brothers Castor and Pollux, and two sisters, Helen and Clytemnestra; Castor and Clytemnestra were considered to be the children of King Tyndareus, Pollux and Helen were the demigod offspring of Zeus.

paragraphs: Castor and Pollux are universally named among the Argonauts, the crew of the Argo who sailed for Colchis with Jason. During the quest for the Golden Fleece, Pollux is noted for having bested the King of Bebryces during a boxing match.

paragraphs: One of the best-known myths with Castor and Pollux is how they became a constellation. During a battle Castor, being mortal was killed. Heartbroken at the death of his brother, Pollux prayed to Zeus to make Castor immortal which meant Pollux would have to give up half of his immortality. Eventually, Zeus agreed to the request, and so Castor and Pollux were transformed into the Gemini constellation. To balance the cosmos, the Dioscuri would only be on Olympus one half of the year, and the other six months would be spent in the Underworld in the Elysium fields.

paragraphs: They became the gods of sailing and horsemanship. ... Pollux and Castor were also known for their boxing abilities and were thus the gods of athletes and athletic competitions. In both art and literature, Pollux and his brother were shown with horses, as the two were famed horsemen.


title: Sodablasting

paragraphs: Sodablasting is a process for cleaning and removing old paint from surfaces. Sodium bicarbonate is "blasted" against the surface using compressed air.


title: On Human Nature

paragraphs: On Human Nature is a 1979 Pulitzer Prize-winning book by Harvard biologist E.O. Wilson.

paragraphs: The book tries to explain how aspects of humans and society can be explained from the point of view of evolution. He explains how evolution has left its traces on the characteristics which are the specialty of the human species. Examples are generosity, self-sacrifice, worship and the use of sex for pleasure.

paragraphs: The book was an attempt to complete the Darwinian revolution by bringing biological thought into social sciences and humanities.


title: Sociobiology: the new synthesis

paragraphs: Sociobiology: the new synthesis is a book by E.O. Wilson that helped start the sociobiology debate, one of the great scientific controversies of the 20th century. Wilson popularized the term "sociobiology" as an attempt to explain the evolutionary mechanics behind behaviours such as altruism, aggression, and nurture. The fundamental principles guiding sociobiology are:

paragraphs: The book was first published in 1975, then reprinted in 1976. A twenty-fifth anniversary edition was published in 2000 by Harvard University Press.

paragraphs: The application of sociobiology to humans was immediately controversial. Some people, such as Stephen Jay Gould, and Richard Lewontin said that sociobiology was biologicially determinist. They argued that it would be used, as similar ideas had been in the past, to justify the status quo, entrench ruling elites, and legitimize authoritarian political programmes. They referred to social darwinism and eugenics of the early 20th century, and to other more recent ideas, such as the race and IQ controversy of the early 1970s as cautionary tales in the use of evolutionary principles as applied to human society.

paragraphs: Wilson and his admirers countered these criticisms by saying that Wilson had no political agenda, and if he had one it was certainly not authoritarian (Wilson is an outspoken environmentalist). They argued that sociobiology does not necessarily lead to any particular political ideology as many critics implied.

paragraphs: Many other sociobiologists have used sociobiology to argue quite separate points. Noam Chomsky surprised many by coming to the defense of sociobiology on the grounds that political radicals need to postulate a relatively fixed idea of human nature in order to be able to struggle for a better society. They needed to know what human needs were in order to build a better society.

paragraphs: An extensive account of the controversy around the book was published 25 years later. It largely supporting Wilson's views. For ethologists, Wilson's ideas are mainstream, and for them his book is not controversial.


title: Geoffrey I, Count of Anjou

paragraphs: Geoffrey I of Anjou (930–987), called Greymantle (), was a French nobleman who was the Count of Anjou from 960 to 987. He greatly increased the power and influence of Anjou.

paragraphs: Geoffrey was the oldest son of Fulk II of Anjou and his first wife Gerberga.<ref name="ESIII/4-116">Detlev Schwennicke, "Europäische Stammtafeln|Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten", Neue Folge, Band III Teilband 1 (J. A. Stargardt, Marburg, Germany, 1984), Tafel 116</ref> He succeeded his father as Count of Anjou about 960. Geoffrey married Adele of Meaux (934–982). Adele was the daughter of Robert of Vermandois and Adelais de Vergy. On her mother's side she was a granddaughter of king Robert I of France. On her father's side she was a direct descendant of Charlemagne. Her cousin was Hugh Capet, King of the Franks. Through this marriage the Angevins joined the highest ranks of western French nobility.

paragraphs: Geoffrey started by making his power base the of Angers. Geoffrey carefully placed his loyal followers on lands surrounding the city. This was to protect his own territories. The lands of the abbeys of Saint-Aubin and Saint-Serge in Angers provided revenues for his most faithful men. Geoffrey told both his sons, Fulk and Maurice: "No house is weak that has many friends. Therefore I you to hold dear those who have been friends." Geoffrey used several ways of expanding his power and control. Creating family connections was one way. For example his father had controlled Nantes by marrying the countess. Geoffrey brought Nantes under control by making Count Guerech accept him as overlord. For some time the counts of Maine and the bishops of Le Mans had been fighting among themselves. Geoffrey saw a way to take advantage of the situation. About 971 Geoffrey secured the diocese of Le Mans for his ally and friend Bishop Seinfroy. Then, in 973, Geoffrey arranged the marriage of his daughter Ermengarde-Gerberga to Conan I of Rennes, the count of Maine. But rather than act like an ally Conan began to oppose Geoffrey. In 982 the two met at the first battle of Conquereuil where Geoffrey defeated Conan.

paragraphs: Geoffrey had influence in Aquitaine through his sister Adelaide-Blanche's first marriage to the powerful baron Stephen, Count of Gevaudan and Forez. After his death the lands were ruled by his widow Adelaide-Blanche. Their sons, Geoffrey's nephews, Pons and Bertrand succeeded as counts there. Geoffrey's niece, Adalmode, married Adelbert, Count of Marche and Périgord. In 975 Geoffrey had his brother Guy appointed as the Count and Bishop of Le Puy. In 982 Geoffrey married his now widowed sister Adelaide-Blanche to the fifteen-year-old Louis V of France. The two were crowned King and Queen of Aquitaine. But the two could not get along and the marriage failed. So did Geoffrey's plans to control Aquitaine through his young son-in-law.

paragraphs: After the death of his first wife Adele, Geoffrey married secondly Adelaise de Châlon. By this marriage he exerted control over the county of Châlons. Through the marriage of his son, Fulk III, to Elisabeth the heiress of Vendôme Geoffrey brought that county under his influence. Geoffrey made his son Fulk Nerra his co-ruler just before he died while attacking the fortress of Marcon on 21 July 987.

paragraphs: He married Adele of Meaux (934–982), daughter of Robert of Vermandois and Adelais de Vergy. Their children were:

paragraphs: He married, secondly, to Adelaise de Châlons and had one child:


title: Bremach

paragraphs: Bremach is an Italian manufacturer of trucks. It specializes in the manufacturing of military vehicles, and 4WD fire engines. Some are used in France and Germany.


title: Cessna T-41 Mescalero

paragraphs: The Cessna T-41 Mescalero is an American training aircraft. It is a military variant of the Cessna 172. It first flew in 1965. It was first used the same year. It was used by many air forces including Argentina, Greece, Iran, Laos.


title: Bell 47

paragraphs: The Bell 47 is an American helicopter. It was the first civilian helicopter in the world built in series. Militaries used it as OH-13. It was built under licence in Italy by Agusta and in Japan by Kawasaki. Its first flight was in 1947.


title: Ali Zeidan

paragraphs: Ali Zeidan (sometimes written as Zidan; ; born 1950) is a former Prime Minister of Libya. He was appointed by the General National Congress on 14 October 2012. Zeidan took office on 14 November after Congress approved his cabinet nominees. Before the Libyan civil war, Zeidan was a human rights lawyer in Geneva. According to the BBC, he is considered by some local observers as a strong-minded liberal.

paragraphs: It was reported on 10 October 2013 that Zeidan was kidnapped by armed men in Tripoli, during the early hours in the morning. He was freed hours later.


paragraphs: The Air Forces of the National People's Army () was the air force of East Germany. It was a part of the National People's Army, established in 1956.


title: Raúl Héctor Castro

paragraphs: Raul Hector Castro (June 12, 1916 April 10, 2015) was a Mexican-born American politician. He has served in both elected and non-elected public offices, including Ambassadors from the United States and the 14th Governor of Arizona (1975–77).

paragraphs: He was the first hispanic to be elected governor of Arizona. At the age of 98, he became the oldest living United States governor, after the death of former Washington Governor Albert Rosellini at the age of 101.

paragraphs: Castro was born on June 12, 1916 on Cananea, Mexico. He studied at Northern Arizona University and at James E. Rogers College of Law.

paragraphs: In 1954, he was elected county attorney and served in that capacity until 1958, when he became a Pima County Superior Court Judge. His national stature grew over the years, and President Lyndon B. Johnson appointed Castro as U.S. Ambassador to El Salvador in 1964. After four years there, he served as Ambassador to Bolivia until the end of 1969.

paragraphs: Returning to Tucson, Arizona in 1969 to specialize in international law, Castro continued to rise to the top in Arizona Democratic politics. Seeking state office for the first time in 1970, he won the Democratic nomination for governor, but narrowly lost the general election to Republican incumbent Jack Williams. In 1974, Castro was elected governor. In 1977, after two years as governor, he was selected by President Jimmy Carter to be ambassador to Argentina. Castro held that post until 1980.

paragraphs: On June 12, 2012, despite searing temperatures, Castro was stopped by U.S. Border Patrol after they detected traces of radiation in his vehicle. After explaining that the radiation was due to a medical procedure from the previous day, the ex-governor was released after a short detention.

paragraphs: Castro died in his sleep while under hospice care in San Diego, California, aged 98.


title: Guinevere

paragraphs: Guinevere was the wife of King Arthur in the Camelot stories. Part of the story is that she fell in love with Lancelot, Arthur's very close friend and greatest knight.


title: Scott Wilson (actor)

paragraphs: Scott Wilson (born William Delano Wilson; March 29, 1942 – October 6, 2018) was an American actor of television and movies. He was known for his roles in "In the Heat of the Night", "In Cold Blood", "The Great Gatsby", "Dead Man Walking", "Pearl Harbor", and "Junebug".

paragraphs: Wilson was born on March 29, 1942 in Thomasville, Georgia. He married Heavenly Wilson in 1977. Wilson died of complications from leukemia on October 6, 2018 in Los Angeles, California, aged 76.


title: Dick Gregory

paragraphs: Richard Claxton "Dick" Gregory (October 12, 1932 – August 19, 2017) was an American comedian, social activist, social critic, writer, and entrepreneur.

paragraphs: Gregory was born on October 12, 1932 in St. Louis, Missouri. He was raised in Chicago, Illinois. Gregory studied at Sumner High School and at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. He had been married to Lillian Gregory since 1959. They had 10 children.

paragraphs: Gregory died at a hospital in Washington, D.C. on August 19, 2017 of heart failure at the age of 84.


title: Hip hop soul

paragraphs: Hip hop soul is a genre of music that fuses hip hop, R&B, soul, and new jack swing. Some notable artist include R. Kelly, Mary J. Blige, Ashanti, Keyshia Cole, Frank Ocean, Mariah Carey, Ray J and Akon.

paragraphs: Hip hop soul first started as a fusion genre that fused hip hop with soul music, Some of the best songs of hip hop soul include "I'll Make Love to You", "Lonely", "Swim Good" and "Can't Be Without You". It was very popular at first, but then it began to lose commercial success because of its late sexual lyrics and dark themes.


title: Order of Lenin

paragraphs: The Order of Lenin (Russian: Орден Ленина, Orden Lenina), named after Vladimir Lenin, was the highest decoration bestowed by the Soviet Union. The order was awarded to:

paragraphs: The order was established by the Central Executive Committee on April 6, 1930. It was disestablished in 1991, because of the fall of the Soviet Union.


title: Con Air

paragraphs: Con Air is an American 1997 action crime thriller movie. It was directed by Simon West and produced by Jerry Bruckheimer. It stars Nicolas Cage, John Malkovich, John Cusack, and Steve Buscemi. It received positive reviews. Roger Ebert gave the movie three out of four stars. In was released on June 6, 1997.


title: Saving Mr. Banks

paragraphs: Saving Mr. Banks is a 2013 biographical comedy-drama movie. It is based on the real life events during the making of the 1964 Disney movie "Mary Poppins".

paragraphs: "Saving Mr. Banks" stars Tom Hanks as Walt Disney and Emma Thompson as P. L. Travers. Paul Giamatti, Bradley Whitford, Kathy Baker, Rachel Griffiths and Colin Farrell also appear in the movie.

paragraphs: Meryl Streep was the first choice to play Travers. Thompson took the part because the studio could not get Streep. Thompson has said the role of P. L. Travers was the most difficult one she's played.

paragraphs: Photography began in September 2012. The movie was filmed in the Los Angeles area, and the Disney Studios. Care was taken to keep any post-1964 rides from being caught on film.

paragraphs: "Saving Mr. Banks" was given its world premiere at the London Film Festival on October 20, 2013. It has received much critical praise. "The Hollywood Reporter" said the movie was an "affecting if somewhat soft-soaped comedy drama, elevated by excellent performances."


title: Jokkmokk

paragraphs: Jokkmokk is a locality in the county of Dalarna in Sweden. It is the seat of Jokkmokk Municipality.


title: Skin graft

paragraphs: Skin grafts are transplants of skin. Most common is to transplant skin from one part of a person to another place on the same person. The technique was developed in World War II by surgeons who had to deal with people who had suffered severe burns.

paragraphs: Transplants of skin from one person to another is limited by tissue rejection caused by the immune system. As with organ transplants, tests are done to find a donor who is "compatible" with the host. Identical twins make the perfect donors for each other because they are genetically identical.


title: Nirodha

paragraphs: Nirodha is a Sanskrit word, which is also a concept used in Buddhism. It is one of the Four Noble Truths. It is the end of suffering and its causes. According to Thubten Chodron, Nirodha is the final disappearance of all bad experiences and their causes in such a way that they can no longer occur again.


title: Shahram Rostami

paragraphs: Shahram Rostami (born 19??) was an Iranian flying ace in the Iran-Iraq War. He was an F-14 Tomcat pilot. He shot down 6 Iraqi fighters: 1 MiG-21, 3 Mirage F1s and 2 MiG-25s. He was the first fighter pilot in the world, who shot down a MiG-25.


title: Brookhaven, Georgia

paragraphs: Brookhaven is a city in western DeKalb County, Georgia, United States. It is northeast of Atlanta. Brookhaven became DeKalb County's 11th city on December 17, 2012. It has been approved in a referendum on July 31, 2012.

paragraphs: In 2012, about 49,000 people live in Brookhaven. It is the largest city in DeKalb County. The new city stretches over .


title: M129 Grenade launcher

paragraphs: M129 Grenade launcher is an American 40-mm automatic grenade launcher. It is weapon for helicopters. It was made in 1966 by the Ford aerospace company and it is still being used today. It is advanced version of the earlier M75. The rate of fire of M75 was 225 rounds per minute, but the M129 can shoot 400 rounds per minute. M129 is used by these helicopters:


title: Russian literature

paragraphs: Russian literature is literature written in the Russian language or by Russian people. Famous writers who were Russian include Leo Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, Ivan Turgenev, Nikolai Gogol, Vladimir Nabokov, Mikhail Sholokhov and Solzhenitsyn.


Conair


title: William P. Clark, Jr.

paragraphs: William Patrick Clark, Jr. (October 23, 1931 – August 10, 2013) was an American rancher, judge, and public servant. He served under President Ronald Reagan as the Deputy Secretary of State from 1981 to 1982, National Security Advisor from 1982 to 1983, and the Secretary of the Interior from 1983 until 1985.

paragraphs: Clark was a judge of the Superior Court of California from 1969 to 1971 and an associate justice of the California State Supreme Court from 1973 to 1981.

paragraphs: On September 21, 1983 Secretary of the Interior James G. Watt embarrassed the administration by yet again making bigoted remarks to the media, causing him to resign on November 8, and Clark requested and received an appointment to replace Watt.

paragraphs: He returned to California after his stint serving the administration and pursued a variety of law firm and other business interests.

paragraphs: Clark was born on October 23, 1931 in Oxnard, California. He was raised as a Catholic.

paragraphs: Clark was married to Johanna "Joan" Brauner until her death in April 2009. They had five children; Monica, Peter (nicknamed Pete), Nina, Colin, and Paul.

paragraphs: Clark died on August 10, 2013 in Shandon, California from Parkinson's disease, aged 81.


title: Haji (actress)

paragraphs: Haji (Cerlet Catton; January 24, 1946 – August 10, 2013) was a Canadian-born actress and former exotic dancer known for her role in the Russ Meyer's 1965 cult classic "Faster, Pussycat! Kill! Kill!".

paragraphs: Haji was born on January 24, 1946 in Quebec, Canada. She had one daughter out of wedlock. Haji died on August 10, 2013 from unknown causes.


title: Russ Meyer

paragraphs: Russell Albion "Russ" Meyer (March 21, 1922 – September 18, 2004) was an American movie director, producer, screenwriter, cinematographer, editor, actor and photographer.

paragraphs: Meyer is known writing and directing on a series of successful low-budget sexploitation movies that featured campy humor, sly satire and large-breasted women such as in "Faster, Pussycat! Kill! Kill!".

paragraphs: During his early movie career, Meyer used to work with future Pulitzer Prize-winning movie critic Roger Ebert.

paragraphs: Meyer was born on March 21, 1922 in San Leandro, California to a German-American family. He was raised in Oakland, California.

paragraphs: He was married to Betty Valdovinos from 1949 until they divorced in 1950. Then he was married to Eve Meyer from 1952 until they divorced in 1966. Then he was married to Edy Williams from 1970 until they divorced in 1973.

paragraphs: Meyer died on September 18, 2004 in Hollywood Hills, Los Angeles, California from complications from pneumonia after battling Alzheimer's disease. He was 82 years old. Meyer was buried at Stockton Rural Cemetery in Stockton, California.

paragraphs: Fox Searchlight Pictures is currently negotiating the rights to create a biopic covering the early years of Meyer's career.


title: Public Enemies (2009 movie)

paragraphs: Public Enemies is a 2009 biographical-crime-drama movie set in Chicago during the 1930s. It was directed by Michael Mann. It stars Johnny Depp as John Dillinger. Christian Bale, Marion Cotillard, Stephen Lang, Leelee Sobieski, Channing Tatum, and Billy Crudup also star. It was released on July 1, 2009.

paragraphs: It was released to positive reviews. Roger Ebert, Peter Travers, Rex Reed, and Michael Phillips gave it positive reviews.


title: Douglas Seale

paragraphs: Douglas Seale (28 October 1913 – 13 June 1999) was an English actor, director, and producer.

paragraphs: He provided the voice of Krebbs in "The Rescuers Down Under" (1990). Two years later, Seale voiced the Sultan in "Aladdin".

paragraphs: He also appeared in several movie including "Amadeus" and "Ernest Saves Christmas" (1988) in which he played Santa Claus. He appeared in the 1986 Christmas movie, "A Smoky Mountain Christmas", as Vernon.

paragraphs: Seale was born on 28 October 1913 in London, England. He was married three times, first two ended in divorce. His last marriage was to Louise Troy until her death of breast cancer in 1994.

paragraphs: Seale died on 13 June 1999 in New York City, New York from pneumonia, aged 85. He was cremated and his ashes were scattered into the Atlantic Ocean.


title: University of Paris

paragraphs: The University of Paris () was a famous university in Paris, France. It was one of the first universities to be established in Europe. It was founded in the middle of the 12th century. The university is often referred to as the Sorbonne or la Sorbonne, after the creation of the college (Collège de Sorbonne) founded around 1257 by Robert de Sorbon.

paragraphs: In 1971, the university was split into thirteen independent universities.


title: Not Without My Daughter

paragraphs: Not Without My Daughter is a 1991 American drama movie by director Brian Gilbert. It plays Sally Field and Alfred Molina. It is based on Betty Mahmoody's 1987 book by telling the story about the escape with her daughter from her husband from Iran.

paragraphs: American Betty Lover marries Iranian doctor Sayeed Bozorg Mahmoody (nicknamed: Moody). They have a daughter called Mahtab (Persian: "Moonlight").

paragraphs: Moody wants to see his family in Tehran, Iran, because he has not seen his family for ten years. Betty doesn't want to go to Iran, because she thinks that it is dangerous. Moody persuades Betty, that she goes to Iran for a two week holiday. But Moody has hidden the termination of his job in a hospital in the USA from Betty and Mahtab and tells his family, that they will stay in Iran for ever. Because a man has the say in Iran, they have to stay here and Betty cannot take her daughter Mahtab out of the country without her husband's permission. She searches for help to escape from the country with Mahtab, for example from the Swiss embassy.

paragraphs: She has major problems to adapt to the strict laws and customs of the country, because as an American she is much-hated in Iran. Moody often abuses Betty, because she does not obey him. After 18 months, Betty succeeds to escape Iran with her daughter Mahtab. They flee over the Zagros mountains in the northwest of Iran to Turkey. They fly back to USA from there.


title: Heteropogon contortus

paragraphs: Heterpogon contortus is a kind of perennial grass. It is native to southern Africa, southern Asia and parts of Australia and Oceania. Common names for the species include black spear grass and tanglehead. The plant can reach a height of . The plants grow particularly well in areas where wildfires are frequent. Native Hawaiians used it to thatch their houses.


title: Bucheon

paragraphs: Bucheon is a Korean city in Gyeonggi Province of South Korea, between Seoul and Incheon. There are 870,000 people in Bucheon.

paragraphs: People have lived in Bucheon for thousands of years. According to Three Kingdom Period literature, Bucheon was founded during the Goguryeo Dynasty. When Goguryeo began, Bucheon was called "Jubuto" (주부토). When the Goryeo Dynasty started, the king Taejo (Wang Geon, 왕건) renamed Bucheon "Suju" (수주).

paragraphs: Bucheon has a big archaeology site in the Go-Gang neighborhood (고강동) of Ojeong District. There are artifacts from 3,000 years ago. There are also some old gravesites there.

paragraphs: In 1962, when President Park Chung-Hee started his five-year economic development project, Sosa-myeon (소사면) was renamed Bucheon City (부천시). Bucheon's borders of today were made in 1988. Sang-Dong and Jung-Dong neighborhoods were developed as New City areas in the 1990s.

paragraphs: Bucheon's people were farmers in the past. The population grew a lot in the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s, and now it is a big city.

paragraphs: In 1985, there were 450,000 people. <br>

paragraphs: In 2000, there were 775,000 people. <br>

paragraphs: In 2013, Bucheon has 870,000 people. The average family size in Bucheon is 2.65 people.

paragraphs: There are three districts ("gu") in Bucheon. They are Wonmi-gu, Sosa-gu, and Ojeong-gu.

paragraphs: In Wonmi-gu, there are 454,000 people. Most of them live in the New City areas of Jung-Dong (147,000) and Sang-Dong (117,000).

paragraphs: In Sosa-gu, there are 222,000 people. In Ojeong-gu, there are 196,000 people.

paragraphs: Bucheon calls itself a "cultural city". There are many museums and festivals. There are also botanical gardens. There is an orchestra, which began in 1988.

paragraphs: Bucheon has the Bucheon International Film Festival (PiFAN) in the summer. It started in 1997 and it happens every year. The movies are comedy, romance, action, and fantasy. Bucheon also has a comic festival in the summer.

paragraphs: Bucheon has very many museums, like a robot museum, a comic museum, a history museum, and a water museum.

paragraphs: Bucheon had many peach orchards before it was developed as a city. That is why Bucheon's official plant is the peach tree, and its official flower is the peach flower. Its official bird is the falcon.

paragraphs: Bucheon has 62 elementary schools and 32 middle schools. There are also 27 high schools. Of the high schools, 20 are normal, two are all-girls schools, and five are special high schools.

paragraphs: Bucheon's five special high schools are: <br>

paragraphs: 1. Gyeonggi Art High School in Jung-Dong, Wonmi-Gu<br>

paragraphs: 2. Gyeonggi International Business High School in Jung-Dong, Wonmi-Gu<br>

paragraphs: 3. Bucheon Information Industry High School in Sang-Dong, Wonmi-Gu<br>

paragraphs: 4. Bucheon Technical High School in Sosa-Gu, and <br>

paragraphs: 5. Jeongmyeong Information Industry High School in Sosa-Gu

paragraphs: There are also many academies ("hagwon") in Bucheon. They teach many subjects. They are for students from kindergarten to high school. Many academies are in Jung-Dong and Sang-Dong neighborhoods.

paragraphs: Bucheon has two subway lines (Line 1 and Line 7). There are 11 subway stations and one bus terminal (Sopoong). There are many local buses and intercity buses. In the early 1990s, Bucheon had very little public transportation. It has developed a lot in the past twenty years.

paragraphs: Wonmi District's major technology is the semiconductor. There are many other industries: Comics, packaging, lighting, and molding. Bucheon also is a center of robot research. Bucheon has 19 robot companies. There are only 100 robot companies in Korea.


title: Land reclamation

paragraphs: Land reclamation is the idea of getting new land. It is usually done in coastal areas. Sometimes it is also done in areas like rivers and lakes. Usually, there is a natural process which fills such areas with sand, dirt and other materials. Land reclamation uses the same process, which is sped up. In many cases, this is done using dikes. An example where land reclamation is done is the in the Netherlands.

paragraphs: Pioneer plants, such as Salicornia or grow there. When the level of the land is as high as that of the high tide, new ditches are dug, and the process can repeat.

paragraphs: Sometimes, it is too time-consuming to wait for the land to rise. In that case, it is possible to pump out the water in the enclosed area. This was done in the Netherlands, where many areas are below sea level. The problem with this approach is that it needs to be repeated, for example in the case of heavy rainfall.

paragraphs: Few examples are Kansai Airport in Osaka, Japan.

paragraphs: The creation of large, artificial islands, such as Palm Islands in Dubai or , which is part of the port of Rotterdam is not known as Land reclamation.


title: Jerry Maren

paragraphs: Jerry Maren (born Gerard Marenghi; January 24, 1920 – May 24, 2018) was an American actor and writer. He was the only confirmed surviving dwarf Munchkin from "The Wizard of Oz" (in 2014).

paragraphs: The other surviving munchkin cast member was Ruth Robinson Duccini until she died in 2014. Maren is the last surviving male dwarf Munchkin from the movie and later the only living Munchkin actor since the death of Duccini. Maren retired from public appearances in September 2011.

paragraphs: Maren was born Gerard Marenghi in Boston, Massachusetts on January 24, 1920.

paragraphs: In the 1950s, Maren worked as a Little Oscar for the Oscar Mayer Company and as Buster Brown in television and radio commercials. Later he joined his friend Billy Barty in organizing Little People of America. Maren has also portrayed Mayor McCheese and The Hamburglar in commercials for McDonald's.

paragraphs: In the late 1970s, he was the dapper little man on "The Gong Show", heralding each show's big finish with an onslaught of confetti as Milton Delugg's band played "Hoop Dee Doo".

paragraphs: Maren also made a notable appearance in "The Odd Couple" episode 'Felix the Horseplayer' as Harry Tallman, a racehorse exerciser who was giving Oscar tips on winning horses.

paragraphs: Maren was married to Elizabeth Barrington from 1975 until her death at age 69 on January 27, 2011.

paragraphs: On May 24, 2018, Maren died in San Diego of heart failure complicated by dementia at the age of 98.


title: Ruth Duccini

paragraphs: Ruth Duccini (July 23, 1918 – January 16, 2014) was an American actress and writer. She was one of the last two surviving Munchkins from the 1939 movie "The Wizard of Oz". The other is Jerry Maren. Duccini was the last surviving female from the movie and also the oldest.

paragraphs: Her role in the movie as a Munchkin villager was not credited. Her most recent appearance was when she (along with the other surviving Munchkins from "The Wizard of Oz") was presented with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

paragraphs: While Duccini could not remember what she earned filming "Oz" in 2013. She said that the Munchkin village actors were paid $125 a week during filming.

paragraphs: Duccini made the news again when Baroness Margaret Thatcher died and critics of the former Prime Minister tried to propel "Ding-Dong! The Witch Is Dead" on the radio charts to celebrate her passing. Duccini and Maren both called the campaign "terrible" and were saddened by the movement while insisting the song was never to be used in such a way.

paragraphs: Duccini died on January 16, 2014 from natural causes in Las Vegas, Nevada, aged 95.


title: University of Leicester

paragraphs: The University of Leicester is a university in Leicester, England.


title: International Planning History Society

paragraphs: International Planning History Society (IPHS) is an international academic organization for urban planning history. The organization was established in 1974 at the University of Leicester, in Leicester, England as an academic group called "Planning History Group". In 1993, it became an international organization with architecture and urban planning faculties around the world and the name changed to "International Planning History Society".


title: Yukuhashi, Fukuoka

paragraphs: Yukuhashi is a town in Fukuoka Prefecture, western Japan. It is south of Kitakyushu, near Oita Prefecture. It has around 70,000 people.


title: Crossing the Rubicon

paragraphs: Crossing the Rubicon is a metaphor similar to "Burning one's bridges" and "the point of no return". It means passing a decisive point, where one cannot turn back. It comes from a genuine historical incident. The Rubicon is a shallow river in north-east Italy. According to Roman tradition and law Roman legions could not be brought south of the river without permission of the Roman Senate.

paragraphs: In 50 BC, the Senate, led by Pompey, ordered Julius Caesar to disband his army and return to Rome because his term as governor of Gaul had finished. Caesar thought he would be prosecuted if he entered Rome without the immunity enjoyed by a magistrate. Pompey accused Caesar of insubordination and treason.

paragraphs: Caesar and his army approached Rome and "crossed the Rubicon" in 49 BC. It was the point beyond which no army was supposed to go. The river marked the boundary between Cisalpine Gaul to the north, and Italy proper to the south. Pompey, the lawful Consul, and his friends, fled from Rome as Caesar's army approached. So began a civil war in which Caesar eventually triumphed.

paragraphs: What Caesar reportedly said at the crossing of the Rubicon is "Alea iacta est" ("The die is cast"). This is yet another metaphor. It comes from gambling with dice: once the die or dice have been thrown, no bets can be withdrawn or added, even before the dice have come to rest.


title: Pico Ruivo

paragraphs: Pico Ruivo ("red peak" in Portuguese) is, with its , the highest point of the island of Madeira and the third summit of Portugal (after Mount Pico in Pico Island, Azores, and Torre in continental Portugal).

paragraphs: Pico Ruivo is in the Central Mountainous Massif, in the municipality of Santana, where there are also other high mountains like the "Pico das Torres", with and the "Pico do Arieiro", with .

paragraphs: Although of moderate altitude, the top has a very rocky landscape. The only vegetation that can develop there is of plants that grow on or among rocks.

paragraphs: There are two main types of vegetation: one with heathers, widespread on the island, and another with few herbaceous plants. A special feature for this altitude is the presence of small shrubs and heather trees.

paragraphs: Some birds found on Pico Ruivo are the common blackbird, chaffinch and the Madeira firecrest. The red-legged partridge and the common linnet also nest on Pico Ruivo.

paragraphs: Until a few years ago, its slopes were used for raising goats, sheep and cows. However, to conserve the biodiversity in the region (such as the protection of the bird "freira-da-madeira" and plant communities in altitude), this practice was prohibited and the entire area around the peak is recovering.

paragraphs: The summit of Pico Ruivo can be reached only on foot:


title: Henry Polic II

paragraphs: Henry Polic II (February 20, 1945 – August 11, 2013) was a stage, screen, and voice actor. He was best known for his role as Jerry Silver in "Webster" and as the voice of Scarecrow in "".

paragraphs: Polic was born on February 20, 1945 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He studied at Florida State University. Polic died on August 11, 2013 in Los Angeles, California from cancer, aged 68.


title: Prince Friso of Orange-Nassau

paragraphs: Prince Friso of Orange-Nassau (Johan Friso Bernhard Christiaan David van Oranje-Nassau van Amsberg; 25 September 1968 – 12 August 2013) was a member of the Dutch Royal Family.

paragraphs: He was born on 25 September 1968 in the University Medical Center in Utrecht, Netherlands to Princess Beatrix and Prince Claus. He was a younger brother of King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands. Because of his marriage without an Act of Consent in 2004, he lost his membership of the Dutch Royal House and was no longer in the line of succession to the Dutch throne. He worked as chief financial officer for Urenco Group.

paragraphs: On 17 February 2012, Prince Friso was buried under an avalanche in Lech, Austria, while skiing off piste. He was taken to a hospital in Innsbruck where he was in critical but stable condition.

paragraphs: According to his doctor, even though he was trapped for a relatively short time and hopes had originally been higher, subsequent neurological tests showed that after fifty minutes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in moderate hypothermia he suffered massive brain damage due to oxygen shortage. The prince was in a minimally conscious state and it was unclear whether he would ever regain full consciousness. After nearly a year and a half in a coma, he died on 12 August 2013.


title: Russell's paradox

paragraphs: Russell's Paradox is the theory that states: If you have a list of lists that do not list themselves, then that list must list itself, because it doesn't contain itself. However, if it lists itself, it then contains itself, meaning it cannot list itself. This makes logical usages of lists of lists that don't contain themselves somewhat difficult. It was developed by Bertrand Russell.


title: Augusta Victoria Hospital

paragraphs: Augusta Victoria Hospital is a hospital on Mount of Olives, Jerusalem. It was built in 1907. It was named after Augusta Viktoria of Schleswig-Holstein, the wife of German Kaiser Wilhelm II.