title: Adelaide of Austria

paragraphs: Adelaide of Austria (Adelheid Franziska Marie Rainera Elisabeth Clotilde; 3 June 1822 – 20 January 1855) was the first wife of Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia, future King of Italy. She was the mother of eight children including the future Umberto I of Italy. She was the Queen of Sardinia from 1849 until 1855 when she died as a result of childbirth. The present Italian pretender is her direct great great grandson.

paragraphs: She was born at the Royal Palace of Milan to Rainer Joseph of Austria and his wife Elisabeth of Savoy. Named "Adelaide", or known as "Adele" in the family, she held the title of Archduchess of Austria. Her father was the Viceroy of Lombardy-Venetia and was a son of the Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II and Maria Luisa of Spain. Her mother was a member of the House of Savoy and a daughter of the then Prince of Carignano, the head of the junior branch of the House of Savoy who ruled the Kingdom of Sardinia.

paragraphs: On 12 April 1842, at the Palazzina di caccia di Stupinigi, she married Victor Emmanuel of Savoy. The marriage was used to strengthen relations between the House of Savoy and that of the House of Habsburg but was viewed by many people of the time to increase Austrian power in Italy.

paragraphs: Victor Emmanuel was her first cousin and heir apparent to the King of Sardinia. He was styled the ""Duke of Savoy"" prior to succession. Adelaide thus took on the style of ""Duchess of Savoy"". She maintained her style of "Imperial & Royal Highness" till she became Queen.

paragraphs: Her husband's mother Maria Theresa of Austria retained great influence over her son throughout his life. Her mother-in-law was also her first cousin, both she and Adelaide being grandchildren of Emperor Leopold II. Adelaide and her husband of thirteen years had eight children. Four of these went on to have further progeny. Her husband had various extramarital affairs throughout the marriage. Adelaide was a quiet and religious woman and had had a strict upbringing. A loving wife and frequently would give to charity.

paragraphs: In March 1849 her father-in-law King Charles Albert abdicated after the events of the Revolutions of 1848. Her husband succeeded as Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia. During her tenure as queen consort she had three further children all of which died in infancy. On 8 January 1855 she gave birth to a son who was styled the "Count of Genevois". Days later Queen Maria Theresa died on 12 January 1855. Adelaide went to the late queens funeral on 16 January and returning to the palace caught a cold. She died four days later at the Royal Palace of Turin having had an acute attack of Gastroenteritis. Another story says that Adelaide died of her burns after stepping on a match that set fire to her clothes. She was buried at the Royal Basilica of Superga. In 1861 her husband would become the first post-unification King of Italy. Her husband wed again to Rosa Vercellana in a morganatic marriage.


title: Wolbachia

paragraphs: Wolbachia is a genus of bacteria which infects arthropod species, including a high proportion of insects. It is one of the world's most common parasitic microbes and is possibly the most common reproductive parasite in the biosphere.


title: Erotica (song)

paragraphs: "Erotica" is the lead single of Madonna's 1992 album of the same name. The song was released during October 1992. This single caused controversy when it was released because the music and lyrics are suggestive of sexual intercourse. This was thought to be bad by some people and critics.


paragraphs: AASHTO means American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. It is a standards setting body which publishes specifications, quality control protocols and guidelines which are used in highway design and construction throughout the United States. Despite its name, the association represents not only highways but air, rail, water, and public transportation as well.

paragraphs: Though AASHTO is not a government body, it possesses quasi-governmental powers in the sense that the organizations that supply its members customarily obey most AASHTO decisions.

paragraphs: Besides its publications, AASHTO performs or cooperates in research projects.


title: Great Migration (African American)

paragraphs: The Great Migration was the migration (movement) of around 6 million African Americans out of the Southern United States to the Midwest, Northeast and West. The main reasons African Americans left the south were to escape racism and seek jobs in industrial cities.There is a series of paintings about it.

paragraphs: When a lot of African Americans moved to the south from the 1960s and onwards, it was called the New Great Migration. In 1963 to 2000, data shows the movement of African Americans back to the South following de-industrialization in Northeastern and Midwestern cities, the growth of good jobs in the South, and better racial relations. Many people moved back because of family ties.


title: Dione (mythology)

paragraphs: Dione in Greek mythology is a vague goddess presence who has her most concrete was the mother of Aphrodite. Zeus was the father are stories about Dione are in the Iliad by Homer. Aphrodite journeys to Dione's side after she has been wounded in battle while protecting her favorite son Aeneas.


title: Marilyn Quayle

paragraphs: Marilyn Tucker-Quayle (born July 29, 1949) is an American politician, lawyer and novelist. She is the wife of former U.S. Vice President Dan Quayle. She was the Second Lady of the United States from 1989 until 1993.

paragraphs: She was born in Indianapolis. Her parents were Mary Alice (nee Craig, died 1975) and Warren Samuel Tucker (died 2004). She is the fourth of six children. She has three sisters (Nancy, Sally, and Janet) and two brothers (James and William). Marilyn's parents were both doctors. Her maternal grandfather was born in Maybole, Scotland.


title: New York Herald

paragraphs: The New York Herald was a daily newspaper based in New York City. The paper was circulated from 1835 to 1924. The first issue of the paper was published by James Gordon Bennett, Sr. on May 6, 1835. By 1845, it was the most popular and most bought daily newspaper in the United States. In 1861, it had sold about 84,000 copies and called itself "the most largely circulated journal in the world." Bennett said that the point of newspapers "is not to instruct but to startle."

paragraphs: Bennett's politics influenced the articles in the "Herald". He tended to be anti-Catholic, but not particularly anti-immigrant like most people who did not like the Catholics in New York at the time. During the American Civil War, it was a staunch supporter of the Democratic Party. When the "Herald" was still controlled by Bennett, it was considered to be the most sensationalist of the leading New York papers at the time.


title: Yelawolf

paragraphs: Michael Wayne Atha (born December 30, 1979), known by his stage name Yelawolf, is an American rapper. He is of Caucasian and Cherokee descent, and his stage name Yelawolf is a reference to his Native American roots.

paragraphs: Yelewolf is currently signed to Shady Records and signed with them on January 12th, 2011.

paragraphs: Yelawolf is set to release his first studio album:


title: Condamine, Queensland

paragraphs: Condamine is a very small town of 150 people in Queensland, Australia, 373km west of the state capital, Brisbane. It is built on the banks of the Condamine River. The town is famous for being mentioned in songs, stories and poems. The song "Banks of the Condamine" is about the girlfriend of a shearer who wants to go shearing with him. In it also mentioned in poems by Breaker Morant and Dame Mary Gilmour. Steele Rudd also mentions the town in his stories.

paragraphs: In 1827 Allan Cunningham became The first Europen to visit the Condamine area was Alan Cunningham in 1827. He named the river after Governor Ralph Darling's assistant whose surname was De la Condamine. The town was settled in 1859.

paragraphs: During the 2010-2011 Queensland floods the town was flooded twice, and all the people had to be taken to other areas.


title: Premier of Queensland

paragraphs: The Premier of Queensland is the head of the Government of Queensland, Australia. The Premier does the same job at a state level as the Prime Minister of Australia does at a national level. Formal power is held by the Queen who is represented in Queensland by the Governor of Queensland. The Governor acts on the advice given to him by the Premier. The current Premier of Queensland is Annastacia Palaszczuk.

paragraphs: Queensland is governed under the Westminster system of parliamentary government. Unlike other Australian states, it is not a bicameral system, having only one elected house. This house is called the Legislative Assembly. After an election, the State Governor appoints as Premier, the leader of the party who can control a majority of the elected members in the lower house. The Premier must resign if they no longer have a majority in the Legislative Assembly. This can happen if they lose seats at an election, or if their own political party does not support them.

paragraphs: Queensland was a British colony, and power was held by the Governor. In 1859 Britain allowed Queensland to have its own parliament, and the power was passed to the Premier.


title: Mary Fallin

paragraphs: Mary Fallin (born December 9, 1954) is an American politician. She was the 27th Governor of the U.S. state of Oklahoma from 2011 to 2019. Before becoming governor, she was a U.S. Representative, serving from 2007 until 2011.

paragraphs: She is the second woman elected to the United States Congress from Oklahoma. The first was Alice Mary Robertson in 1921. She was the first Republican and first woman to serve as Lieutenant Governor of Oklahoma. She served in that post from 1995 to 2007. She is also the first woman to serve as Governor in the state of Oklahoma.

paragraphs: Fallin was raised in Tecumseh. Her mother and father both served terms as mayor of Tecumseh. She is a graduate of Tecumseh High School. She attended Oklahoma Baptist University in Shawnee and University of Central Oklahoma in Edmond. Fallin has a Bachelor of Science degree from Oklahoma State University.

paragraphs: Fallin has two children, Christina and Price. They live in Oklahoma City. Fallin was first elected to the Oklahoma House of Representatives in 1990. She served two terms.

paragraphs: In 1995, Fallin became Oklahoma’s first woman and first Republican to be elected as the Lieutenant Governor of Oklahoma. She served as president of the Senate and on 10 boards and commissions. She followed an aggressive agenda focusing on economic development, education, health care and government reform during her 12 years in office.

paragraphs: In the wake of the Oklahoma City bombing, she formed a task force to rebuild the childcare center lost in the disaster. Fallin also initiated Project Homesafe, a gun safety program that has distributed more than 80,000 free cable gun locks to Oklahomans.

paragraphs: Fallin did not seek re-election in 2006 as lieutenant governor. She ran for the 5th Congressional District seat being vacated by Ernest Istook. In the July 25 GOP primary, she received the most votes. On August 22, she faced the second-place finisher, Oklahoma City Mayor Mick Cornett in the GOP candidate runoff election. She won with 63% of the vote.

paragraphs: Fallin was elected on November 7, defeating Democrat Paul David Hunter. She is the first woman elected to Congress from Oklahoma since 1921. Alice Mary Robertson was the first woman to be elected to U.S. Congress from Oklahoma. She resigned her office on January 2, 2007 in order to be sworn in to Congress on January 4, 2007. Lieutenant Governor-elect Jari Askins was appointed by Oklahoma Governor Brad Henry to fill the remaining days of Fallin's term.

paragraphs: Fallin easily won reelection in 2008. During her last term in Congress, Fallin served on the House Committee on Armed Services, the House Committee on Small Business, and the House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure.

paragraphs: On November 10, 2010, Fallin defeated Jari Askins with more than 60% of the vote.


title: Laayoune

paragraphs: Laayoune (or El Aaiún) is a city in northern Western Sahara. It is the capital. About 200,000 people live in El Aaiún.


title: Loris

paragraphs: The Lorises are solitary mammals that live in tropical rainforests in southeast Asia. The loris is arboreal, living in trees. It is nocturnal, most active at night. In captivity, the loris lives for up to 13 years.

paragraphs: The loris is a group of primates. They are closely related to galagos and slightly less closely related to lemurs.

paragraphs: The loris has enormous eyes, grasping fingers, and toes with opposable digits. The loris ranges from 7 to 15 inches (18 to 38 cm) long. It has a stubby tail, only about 1 inch (3 cm) long.

paragraphs: The loris is an omnivore (eating plants and animals); it eats mostly insects, lizards, fruits, and some plant shoots.


title: Sogod, Cebu

paragraphs: Sogod is a 4th class municipality in the province of Cebu, Philippines. According to the 2007 census, it has a population of 28,955 people.

paragraphs: Sogod is politically subdivided into 18 barangays.


title: Rockhampton, Queensland

paragraphs: Rockhampton is a city of more than 60,000 people in Queensland, Australia. It is built on the banks of the Fitzroy River about 30 km from the coast. It is called the "Beef Capital of Australia." The town was first settled in 1855, but really began to grow when gold was found in the Fitzroy River in 1858, and later at Mount Morgan. The town is the service centre for a large number of cattle stations (large farms). There are two abattoirs for exporting beef from Rockhampton. There are also large coal mines to the west of Rockhampton, and a magnesium mine.

paragraphs: Rockhampton was flooded during the 2010-2011 Queensland floods and was completely cut off. Road, rail and the airport were covered in water.


title: Lightning Bar

paragraphs: Lightning Bar was an American Quarter Horse racehorse and breeding stallion. He was owned by Art Pollard. Lightning Bar's father was a Thoroughbred, and his mother was originally from Louisiana. Louisiana was known for breeding racehorses that ran short distances. Although he only raced for one year, he still managed to achieve an AAA speed index. His racing career was cut short by illnesses. After racing, he became a show horse and a roping horse. As a breeding stallion, he only fathered eight crops of foals, but fathered a number of important horses. His most famous son was Doc Bar. Lightning Bar died in 1960 from disease, at the age of 9. Lightning Bar was inducted into the American Quarter Horse Association's (AQHA's) American Quarter Horse Hall of Fame in 2008.

paragraphs: Born in 1951, Lightning Bar was bred to be a racehorse. Injuries and illnesses kept him from racing past the age of two. He was bred by Art Pollard, who owned him his entire life. He was fathered by Three Bars, a Thoroughbred stallion later inducted into the AQHA Hall of Fame. Lightning Bar's mother was Della P, a daughter of the Thoroughbred stallion Doc Horn. His maternal grandmother, was a mare who was never given a name and was sired by Old D. J. Art Pollard bought Della P from "Dink" Parker for $1,750 ($ as of 2021) in the late 1940s. Della P was bred in Louisiana, which was a leading state breeding short distance racehorses during the years 1900–1940. Della P was brought to Arizona by Parker.

paragraphs: When Lightning Bar was about 5 days old, Pollard was afraid that he had leg problems and was buck-kneed. Pollard thought about putting the young horse to sleep. First, though, he asked the advice of Parker. Pollard later said about the story, "Dink just looked at me and shook his head. 'Ain't you ever gonna learn nothing? That colt's just what you're looking for.' " When mature, Lightning Bar stood 15.2 hands (or ) tall and weighed about . He was a sorrel-colored horse.

paragraphs: Lightning Bar started ten times on the racetrack. He won four times, came in second three times, and came in third once. Among those finishes, he ran second and third in two stakes races. His total earnings on the track were $1,491 ($ as of 2021). His highest speed index, or comparative rating of his speed, was AAA. He only raced for one year, as he suffered from pneumonia, distemper, and injured legs. He did equal one track record for two-year-olds at Pomona Racetrack, running in 17.2 seconds.

paragraphs: After Lightning Bar's racing career, he went on to be a show horse. He earned 18 open halter points with the AQHA. He earned an AQHA Champion award in 1955. He won one grand championship and one reserve championship in halter classes at recognized AQHA shows.

paragraphs: The first year Lightning Bar stood as a breeding stallion, his stud fee, or the fee charged to breed a mare to him, was $250 ($ as of 2021). Only nine mares were bred to him. The next year, he only bred 11 mares. In 1956, he bred 102 mares at $500 ($ as of 2021) each. One of Pollard's attempts to advertise his stallion involved letting one of his ranch hands take the stallion to a local jackpot roping. Pollard assumed that the employee would just ride Lightning Bar around and show him off. Pollard later discovered that more was involved. Pollard said later that "I should have been suspicious when he (the ranch hand) returned with Lightning Bar that afternoon, with a sheepish grin on his face. I asked him how the horse was received and he said 'The stud did good and I won the jackpot!' After congratulating him, I asked which rope horse he had used. He replied, 'The stud.' "

paragraphs: Pollard said of Lightning Bar that "I always had to be careful about the kind of latch I used on a gate with that horse. He could figure them out faster than I could. He would open a gate, and go for a stroll." Lightning Bar sired 148 foals in his eight breeding seasons. 118 of those foals went on to either race or show careers. 108 of his foals started races, and 77 of them won races, with a total of $476,949 total earnings. Lightning Belle was the foal who earned the most on the racetrack, earning $60,134 ($ as of 2021).

paragraphs: Five of Lightning Bar's foals earned AQHA Championships: Cactus Comet, Crash Bang, Lightning Rey, Pana Bar and Relampago Bar. One earned a Supreme Championship, Lightning Rey. His offspring earned $1,163.32 in National Cutting Horse Association competition. Another four earned a Superior Halter Horse title.

paragraphs: Lightning Bar died in June 1960 from Colitis-X, a virus of unknown origin that can kill quickly without warning. The virus infected a large number of Pollard's horses. Only three horses that caught the disease survived. Pollard was so heart-broken, he sold off his remaining stock and did not return to the Quarter Horse business for 15 years. Pollard later said about the loss of his horses that "it was a nightmare when they were wiped out. Even now, we can still feel the sadness of losing those horses." Another time, Pollard said that "Someone once said that a man deserves one good woman and one good dog in his lifetime. To that quip I would add one good horse. I certainly had one in Lightning Bar."

paragraphs: Lightning Bar was inducted into the American Quarter Horse Association's American Quarter Horse Hall of Fame in 2008. Lightning Bar's most famous son was Doc Bar, who also was inducted into the Hall of Fame. Two stakes races were run in his memory, the first one at Los Alamitos Racetrack for one year in 1961. The second ran from 1962 to 1966 and was at Ruidoso Downs in New Mexico.


title: Shonisaurus

paragraphs: Shonisaurus is the largest ichthyosaur, and the largest extinct marine animal that has yet been found. It was found first in rocks of the Upper Triassic in Nevada, and later in British Columbia.

paragraphs: Fossils of "Shonisaurus" were first found in a large deposit in Nevada in 1920. Thirty years later, they were excavated, uncovering the remains of 37 very large ichthyosaurs. These were named "Shonisaurus", ("Lizard from the Shoshone Mountains"). "Shonisaurus" lived 216–203 million years ago.

paragraphs: "S. popularis" was about 15 metres (50 ft) long. A longer specimen is now placed in "Shastasaurus" rather than "Shonisaurus". "Shonisaurus" had a long pointed mouth that contained teeth only at the front end. It had a large whale-like body, a long dolphin-like snout, and its flippers were much longer, and narrower than in other ichthyosaurs. All of these features suggest that "Shonisaurus" may be a relatively specialised offshoot of the main ichthyosaur evolutionary line.

paragraphs: The first species discovered, "S. popularis", was adopted as the state fossil of Nevada in 1984. Excavations, begun in 1954 under the direction of Charles Camp and Samuel Welles of the University of California, Berkeley, were continued by Camp throughout the 60s.

paragraphs: The Nevada fossil is at the Berlin–Ichthyosaur State Park, Nevada, USA. The park has several undisturbed ichthyosaur fossils of the species "Shonisaurus popularis" as well as the early-20th Century ghost town of Berlin. The park is about east of Reno.

paragraphs: The discovery of "S. sikkanniensis" in British Columbia in the 1990s made "S. popularis" the smaller of the "Shonisaurus" species. An ichthyosaur found in the Himalayan mountains called "Himalayasaurus", may be the same animal as "Shonisaurus".

paragraphs: The British Columbia specimen was described as follows:

paragraphs: Its slender skull and lack of teeth except at the front are obvious adaptations to its method of feeding. They are like those of modern whales which feed on squid, such as the pilot whale and sperm whale.


title: Twenty20

paragraphs: Twenty20 or T20 cricket is a short version of the game of cricket. It started in England for inter-county competitions in 2003. A Twenty20 game has two teams, each has a single innings at batting for a maximum of 20 overs.

paragraphs: A Twenty20 game is usually takes about three and half hours, with each innings lasting around 75 minutes. This means that it is similar to other team sports. It was hoped that the games would have more action and that people would enjoy the games, both at the ground and on television. It has been very successful. The England Cricket Board did not want Twenty20 to take over from other forms of cricket and these are still played.

paragraphs: The game has now spread around the cricket world. On most international tours there is at least one Twenty20 match and all Test-playing nations have their own competitions. The first ICC World Twenty20 was played in South Africa in 2007 with India winning by five runs against Pakistan in the final. Pakistan won the 2009 ICC World Twenty20, defeating Sri Lanka by eight wickets. England won the 2010 ICC World Twenty20 defeating Australia in the final by seven wickets.


title: Hands All Over (song)

paragraphs: "Hands All Over" is a single released under A&M/Octone Records by pop/rock band "Maroon 5". It is the 3rd single released off of the band's 3rd studio album called "Hands All Over". It was released on December 22nd, 2010. The music video for the song was leaked on YouTube and Yahoo! Music on December 23rd, 2010.

paragraphs: The music video for "Hands All Over" was leaked on Maroon 5's home YouTube page on December 23rd, 2010. However, the music video was leaked on YouTube for only if a user had the link to the video. The band released the link for anyone on Facebook and Twitter. The Facebook page "Hands All Over (Maroon 5 album) 9.21.10" leaked the leak along with the band's official Facebook page.

paragraphs: The music video shows a somewhat animated feature showing the band mates performing in separate areas with "hands" on the bodies of the band members.


title: Never Gonna Leave This Bed

paragraphs: Never Gonna Leave This Bed is the 4th single released by pop/rock band "Maroon 5" under A&M/Octone Records off the album "Hands All Over". The song was written by frontman Adam Levine and produced by producer Robert "Mutt" Lange. The single was released on February 22nd, 2011.

paragraphs: The music video for the song was shot at several different places including Santa Monica and downtown Los Angeles, California. The video shows scenes of Levine and his girlfriend in 3 different bed settings including a bed setting on the beach of Santa Monica, a bed setting on Broadway in Los Angeles, CA, and a bed setting in the upper floor of the Hilton Hotel. The video also features the band performing in a small room, or box, more likely to be explained, on a busy street in downtown Los Angeles singing the song. The music video was released on iTunes on 8 February 2011.

paragraphs: The music video for the single premiered on February 5th, 2011 on VH1's Top 20 Video Countdown.


title: Epoch (geology)

paragraphs: An epoch in geology is a part of a period. Thus the Cainozoic era is now divided into three periods, the Palaeogene, the Neogene and the Quaternary. These are finally broken down into these epochs: Palaeocene, Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, Pliocene, Pleistocene and Holocene.

paragraphs: The Tertiary, now not used ('deprecated'), included the Palaeogene and Neogene. That is why the last period is called the Quarternary, and there was a big debate about that, too. These decisions are made by the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS). This organisation runs an International Commission on Stratigraphy, which decides how we should name geological strata and stages. They describe their work as follows:


title: Tesla (unit)

paragraphs: The tesla (symbol T) is the SI derived unit used to measure the strength of magnetic fields. Tesla can be measured in different ways; for example, one tesla is equal to one weber per square meter.

paragraphs: The tesla was first defined in 1960 by the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM). It was named in honor of the physicist, electrical engineer, and inventor, Nikola Tesla.

paragraphs: Using only the seven base SI units, the definition of a tesla is:

paragraphs: Using other SI derived units, a tesla is also equal to:

paragraphs: A tesla is also equal to 10,000 (10) gauss in the CGS system of units.


title: Demography

paragraphs: Demography studies the statistics of human populations. Demography is usually used to study dynamic (constantly changing) populations. It covers the study of the size, structure and distribution of these populations and the changes in these populations due to births, deaths, migration and emigration.

paragraphs: Demography can also be applied to entire groups defined by nationality, religion and ethnicity.

paragraphs: Formal demography limits its object of study to the measurement of populations processes, while the more broad field of social demography population studies also analyze the relationships between economic, social, cultural and biological processes influencing a population.


title: Fiorello La Guardia

paragraphs: Fiorello Henry La Guardia (sometimes LaGuardia) (pronounced //; born Fiorello Enrico La Guardia) was Mayor of New York City for three terms from 1934 to 1945 as a liberal Republican.

paragraphs: He was elected to Congress in 1916 and 1918, and again from 1922 through 1930. La Guardia and is often touted as one of the three or four greatest mayors in American history. Since he was only five feet tall and his first name was Italian for "Little Flower", he was called "the Little Flower" throughout his life. He moved to Arizona with his family, where his father had a bandmaster position at Fort Whipple in the U.S. Army.

paragraphs: La Guardia, a Republican who was liked across party lines, was very popular in New York during the Great Depression. As a supporter of the New Deal, he supported President Franklin D. Roosevelt, a Democrat, and in turn Roosevelt heavily funded the city and cut off patronage from many politicians and establishments who did not support La Guardia. Many people felt that La Guardia improved New York City economically and socially and restored public faith in City Hall.

paragraphs: During his terms, he unified the transit system, directed the building of low-cost public housing, public playgrounds, and parks, constructed airports, reorganized the police force, defeated the powerful political machine Tammany Hall, and improved employment rates in New York City, even during the depression.

paragraphs: In the mid-1940s There was a newspaper strike in New York City. La Guardia responded to the public clamor by sitting at a radio microphone and describing and reading the Sunday comics to the children of the city. He described the cartoons and portrayed the dialects and accents of the characters. This endeared La Guardia to the electorate and the children of New York and gave him a larger national image.


title: Chinchilla, Queensland

paragraphs: Chinchilla is a small town of 3,100 people in Queensland, Australia. It is 294 kms west of the state capital Brisbane. The Chinchilla area was first explored by Europens when Alan Cunningham made his journey from Sydney to explore the Darling Downs in 1827. Farmers arrived to settle the area in 1848 and set up Chinchilla Station. This was part of the Wongongera Station which had been set up in 1846. It was probably named after the local Aboriginal word "jinchilla" meaning cypress pine.

paragraphs: The railway from Brisbane reached Chinchilla in 1878. The area became well known for its' dairy farming which became the main industry. In the 1920s, the Chinchilla area, and more than 24 million hectares of Australia had become overgrown with an imported cactus, called prickly pear. In 1925 the Australian government imported a moth from Argentina, cactoblastis, which ate the prickly pear. The Chinchilla Experimental Station was set up to breed these moths and release them. At one time the station was sending out 14 million moth eggs a day.

paragraphs: Built on the banks of Charley's Creek, Chinchilla has been flooded several times. During the 2010-2011 Queensland floods, Chinchilla was flooded twice in two weeks.


title: Revelstoke Mountain Resort

paragraphs: Revelstoke Mountain Resort (RMR) is a ski resort near the town of Revelstoke, British Columbia, Canada. The resort is located on Mount Mackenzie, south of the town of Revelstoke. The resort has 1263 hectares (3121 acres) of terrain to ski on, accessible by chairlifts. It has a 1713 vertical meter descent. The resort has two high-speed quad chairs and an eight-person gondola. Besides the lift-access terrain, the resort also has a large cat skiing operation in the three alpine bowls immediately east of the lift terrain. In addition to the lift and cat skiing operations, there is also a heli-skiing operation with access to 200,000 hectares (500,000 acres) of skiable terrain.

paragraphs: The resort first opened on December 22, 2007. It was thought to be the biggest North American ski resort debut in twenty years. The event was overshadowed by the death of an Edmonton ski instructor who disappeared on the "Jalapeno" run and whose body was found in a tree well three days later.


title: Reformism

paragraphs: Reformism is the belief that gradual democratic changes in a society would mean that a society's fundamental economic relations and political structures would change. This belief grew out of opposition to revolutionary socialism, which challenges that revolutions are necessary to fundamentally change a society. Someone who believes in reformism is a "reformist".


title: Pisanosaurus

paragraphs: Pisanosaurus (meaning "Pisano lizard") is a genus of primitive ornithischian dinosaur from the Upper Triassic of what is now South America. It was a bipedal herbivore described by Argentine paleontologist Rodolfo Casamiquela in 1967. Only one species the type, "Pisanosaurus mertii", is known, based on a single partial skeleton.


title: Golden Fleece

paragraphs: In Greek mythology, the Golden Fleece is the fleece of the gold-haired winged ram. It is in the story of Jason and his group of Argonauts. They set out on a quest ordered by King Pelias to get the fleece so that Jason can rightfully claim the throne of Iolcus in Thessaly. The story is very old; it was current in the time of Homer in the 8th century BC. There are many different versions of the story. In later versions the ram is said to have been the child of the sea god Poseidon and Themisto (less often, Nephele or Theophane). The famous telling is the "Argonautica" of Apollonius of Rhodes, written in mid-third century BC Alexandria. It reused early sources that have not survived. Another, much less-known Argonautica, using the same body of myth, was written in Latin by Valerius Flaccus during the time of Vespasian. The story of Jason, the Argonauts, and the Golden Fleece is told in two modern movies: "Hercules" starring Steve Reeves, and "Jason and the Argonauts" starring Todd Armstrong.


title: Zack Ryder

paragraphs: Matthew Cardona (born May 14, 1985 in Merrick, New York) better known by his ring name Zack Ryder, is an American professional wrestler currently signed to World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) and to the Raw brand.

paragraphs: Ryder was also known for being part of a tag team with Curt Hawkins.

paragraphs: Ryder is a one time WWE Tag Team champion with Curt Hawkins and has also won a Slammy Award for Most Annoying Catchphrase in 2010.


title: Pinacosaurus

paragraphs: Pinacosaurus ("plank lizard") is a genus of medium-sized ankylosaur dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia and China. It lived about 80–75 million years ago. "Pinacosaurus" had between two and five additional holes near each nostril, which have not been explained.


title: Gorgosaurus

paragraphs: Gorgosaurus is a genus of theropod dinosaur that lived in western North America during the Upper Cretaceous, between about 76.5 and 75 million years ago.

paragraphs: Fossil remains have been found in the Canadian province of Alberta and possibly the U.S. state of Montana. It was closely related to "T. rex" and "Albertosaurus". "Gorgosaurus", like "T. rex", had huge jaws with large, sharp, cone-shaped teeth, powerful legs, tiny arms and two-fingered hands.

paragraphs: "Gorgosaurus" lived in a lush floodplain environment along the edge of an inland sea. It was an apex predator: it preyed on ceratopsids and hadrosaurs.

paragraphs: "Gorgosaurus" spent as much as half its life in the juvenile phase before ballooning up to near-maximum size in only a few years.

paragraphs: Most specimens of "Gorgosaurus libratus" have been recovered from the Dinosaur Park Formation in Alberta. This formation was laid down in the later Cretaceous, between 76.5 and 74.8 million years ago.


title: Masiakasaurus

paragraphs: Masiakasaurus was a small predatory theropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Its a small, bipedal, meat-eating dinosaur that had forward-pointing teeth, a long neck, and a long tail. It was about the size of a really big dog.

paragraphs: The species name "Masiakasurus knopfleri", was named for Mark Knopfler, a guitarist and singer from the rock band Dire Straits. The paleontologists who discovered this dinosaur were listening to Knopfler's music when they found and dug up "Masiakasaurus".


title: Yeonsangun of Joseon

paragraphs: Yeonsangun of Joseon (, , 1476 - 1506) was a Korean ruler. 11th King of Joseon Dynasty (1494 - 1506) of Korea. name was Lee Yung (, ), nickname was The Great of Heoncheonhongdokyungmoonwemoo (, ).

paragraphs: Son's of King Seongjong, great-grandson of Sejong the Great.


title: Sporangium

paragraphs: A sporangium (pl: "sporangia") is an enclosure in which spores are formed. It can be a single cell or multicellular. All plants, fungi, and many other lineages form sporangia at some point in their life cycle. Sporangia can produce asexual spores by mitosis, but in nearly all land plants and many fungi, sporangia are the site of meiosis, and produce genetically unique haploid spores.

paragraphs: In flowering plants the sporangium tissue (except the epidermis) that produces the female spores is also called the nucellus.


title: Central Queensland University

paragraphs: The Central Queensland University is a large ten campus university in Queensland, Australia. It has main campuses at Bundaberg, Gladstone, Rockhampton and Mackay. It has two learning centres at Noosa and Emerald. It also has campuses for international students in Brisbane, the Gold Coast, Sydney and Melbourne. The university began in 1967 as the Queensland Institute of Technology (Capricornia). It was made a university in 1992 as the University of Central Queensland and changed the name to CQUniversity Australia in 2008.


title: Federico Barocci

paragraphs: Federico Barocci, or "Federigo Barocci" (born 1535 or 1536 in Urbino, died 1612) was an important Italian painter. He is also known as "Fiori da Urbino". His real name was " Federico Fiori". His style is between that of Mannerism and Baroque.


title: Deinosuchus

paragraphs: Deinosuchus is an extinct relative of the alligator which lived 80 to 73 million years ago, in the Upper Cretaceous period.

paragraphs: The first remains were discovered in North Carolina in the 1850s, but it was not until 1909 that the genus was named and described.

paragraphs: Additional fragments were discovered in the 1940s and were later made into an influential, but inaccurate, skull reconstruction at the American Museum of Natural History. Knowledge of "Deinosuchus" is still incomplete, but better skull material has been found in recent years.

paragraphs: "Deinosuchus" was far larger than any modern crocodile or alligator: it was up to and weighed up to . However, its overall appearance was fairly similar to its modern relatives.

paragraphs: It had large, robust teeth that were adapted to crushing, and its back was covered with thick round bony plates. One study suggests that "Deinosuchus" may have lived for up to 50 years, growing at a similar rate to that of modern crocodilians, but growing for a much longer period.

paragraphs: "Deinosuchus" fossils have been found in ten U.S. states, as well as northern Mexico. It lived on both sides of the Western Interior Seaway, and was an ambush apex predator in the coastal regions of eastern North America.

paragraphs: "Deinosuchus" reached its largest size in its western habitat, but the eastern populations were far more abundant. Opinion remains divided as to whether these two populations represent separate species. "Deinosuchus" was probably capable of killing and eating large dinosaurs. It may have also fed upon sea turtles, fish, and other aquatic and terrestrial prey.


title: Windows on the World

paragraphs: Windows on the World was a complex of venues at the top floors (106th and 107th) of the North Tower of the World Trade Center and it included Windows on the World, a smaller restaurant which was called Wild Blue, and a bar which was called The Greatest Bar on Earth. The restaurant was destroyed in the September 11 attacks and it has also been speculated that "The Falling Man" was an employee at Windows on the World but his identity was never released.


title: Sarcosuchus

paragraphs: Sarcosuchus is an extinct genus of giant crocodile. It lived in the Lower Cretaceous of what is now Africa 135 to 112 million years ago.

paragraphs: Strictly speaking, it was not a modern type of crocodile but a kind of pre-crocodile. These earlier types are called Crocodylomorphs. True crocodiles arrived in the Upper Cretaceous.

paragraphs: "Sarcosuchus" was one of the largest giant crocodile-like reptiles that ever lived. It was almost twice as long as the modern saltwater crocodile and weighed about 8 tonnes.

paragraphs: Until recently, all that was known of it was a few fossilised teeth and armour scutes, which were discovered in the Sahara Desert in the 1940s or 1950s.

paragraphs: In 1997 and 2000, Paul Sereno discovered half a dozen new specimens, including one with about half the skeleton intact and most of the spine. All of the other giant crocodiles are known only from a few partial skulls, so which is actually the biggest is an open question.

paragraphs: Unlike other giant crocodiles, "Sarcosuchus" was a river predator. As the overhanging jaw and stout teeth are designed for grabbing and crushing, its primary prey may have been large animals and smaller dinosaurs, which it ambushed, dragged into the water, crushed, drowned and then tore apart.

paragraphs: However, the long, thin snout of "Sarcosuchus" was very similar to the thin snouts of the modern gharial, the false gharial and the slender-snouted crocodile, all of which are nearly exclusive fish-eaters and incapable of tackling large prey. This can be contrasted to both the modern Nile crocodile and the extinct "Deinosuchus", both of which have very broad, heavy skulls, suitable for dealing with large prey. This, coupled with the abundance of large, lobe-finned fish in its environment, leads many to suggest that, far from being a dinosaur killer, Sarcosuchus was simply a large piscivore, a scaled-up version of the modern gharial.

paragraphs: 110 million years ago, in the early Cretaceous, the Sahara was still a great tropical plain, dotted with lakes and crossed by rivers and streams that were lined with vegetation. Based on the number of fossils discovered, the aquatic "Sarcosuchus" was probably plentiful in these warm, shallow, freshwater habitats.

paragraphs: Unlike modern true crocodiles, which are very similar in size and shape to one another and tend to live in different areas; "Sarcosuchus" was just one of many Crocodyliformes, of different sizes and shapes, all living in the same area. Four other species of extinct Crocodyliformes were also discovered in the same rock formation along with the "Sarcosuchus", including a dwarf crocodile with a tiny, 8 cm (3 in) long skull. They filled a diverse variety of ecological niches, instead of competing with each other for resources.


title: HMS Endeavour

paragraphs: HMS "Endeavour, also known as HM Bark "Endeavour, was a British Royal Navy ship commanded by Lieutenant James Cook on his first voyage of discovery to Australia and New Zealand from 1769 to 1771.

paragraphs: Launched in 1764 as a coal carrying ship "Earl of Pembroke", she was bought by the Navy in 1768 for a scientific mission to the Pacific Ocean. She was also to search for the unknown southern land, "Terra Australis Incognita". Renamed as "His Majesty's Bark the Endeavour", she left Plymouth in August 1768. After sailing around Cape Horn she reached Tahiti to see the 1769 transit of Venus across the Sun. She then set sail into the largely uncharted ocean to the south, stopping at the Pacific islands of Huahine, Borabora, and Raiatea which Cook claimed for Great Britain. In September 1769, she anchored off New Zealand, the first European vessel to reach the islands since Abel Tasman's "Heemskerck" 127 years earlier. In April 1770, "Endeavour" became the first ship to reach the east coast of Australia, when Cook went ashore at what is now known as Botany Bay.

paragraphs: "Endeavour" then sailed north along the Australian coast. She ran into the Great Barrier Reef near Cape Tribulation. The crew were able to get the ship onto a beach on the mainland. This is now the site of the town of Cooktown. They stayed for seven weeks so that basic repairs could be made to her hull. On 10 October 1770, she limped into port in Batavia in the Dutch East Indies for more substantial repairs. She left on 26 December, rounded the Cape of Good Hope on 13 March 1771, and reached the English port of Dover on 12 July, having been at sea for nearly three years.

paragraphs: The "Endeavour" spent the next three years shipping Navy stores to the Falkland Islands. She was renamed and sold in 1775, but was used as a troop transport during the American Revolutionary War. She sank in a blockade of Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island in 1778. Her wreck has not been found, but relics, including six of her cannons and an anchor, are displayed at maritime museums worldwide. A full size working copy of "Endeavour" was launched in 1994 and is berthed alongside the Australian National Maritime Museum in Sydney Harbour.


title: Largest extinct animals

paragraphs: The largest extinct animals known to date are listed here. They are arranged by their taxonomy (classification). The list only deals with individual animals; size of colonies (such as coral reefs) is not dealt with here.

paragraphs: The largest bony fish and the largest fish of all time was "Leedsichthys problematicus" from the Middle Jurassic, at around long. Earlier claims have been scaled down.

paragraphs: The extinct megatoothed shark, "C. megalodon" is by far the biggest and most powerful shark that ever lived. This giant shark reached a length of more than . Carcharocles megalodon has incredible bite power, despite a lower bite to mass ratio.

paragraphs: The largest fossil turtle seems to be the freshwater turtle "Stupendemys", with an estimated total carapace length of more than 11 feet (3.3 metres). A close contender is "Archelon ischyros", a sea turtle, which reached a length of 16 feet (4.8 m) across the flippers and a weight of over 4,850 lb (2,200 kg). For comparison, the largest living turtle is the Leatherback Sea Turtle at a maximum 2000 lbs (900 kg).

paragraphs: The largest known crocodilian is likely "Sarcosuchus imperator" at long and weighing 8 tonnes. A close contender in size is "Deinosuchus", also estimated at around .

paragraphs: The largest pterosaur was "Quetzalcoatlus northropi", at 127 kg (280 lbs) and with a wingspan of 11 m (36 ft). Another close contender is "Hatzegopteryx", also with a wingspan of 11 m (this estimate is based on a skull 3 m long (10 ft).

paragraphs: Titanosaurs hold the world record for the size of a land animal. A recent discovery in the Argentine found "Dreadnoughtus", an estimated length of 26 metres (85 feet) and weight of 59,291 kg (65.4 short tons). Its bones showed it was a sub-adult.

paragraphs: A notably large titanosaurid is "Argentinosaurus", which is known from partially preserved remains. This sauropod has been estimated as long and 73–99 metric tons in weight. The lack of skeletal material makes these estimates uncertain.

paragraphs: The very largest ornithopods, like "Shantungosaurus" were as heavy as medium-sized sauropods at up to 23 metric tons "Lambeosaurus laticaudus" appears to be close contender at around in length.

paragraphs: The largest known theropod is "Spinosaurus aegyptiacus", estimated at in length and around 7–9 metric tons in weight. "Spinosaurus aegyptiacus" is also recognized as the largest terrestrial predator yet known.

paragraphs: A close contender in size is a giant theropod from South America, "Giganotosaurus carolinii", whose holotype specimen is estimated at in length, and another specimen is estimated at in length. A study however presents "Carcharodontosaurus" as a close contender in size to "Spinosaurus aegyptiacus". Some other notable giant theropods (e.g. "Tyrannosaurus rex", "Acrocanthosaurus", and "Mapusaurus") may also have rivaled these giant theropods in size. Another very large theropod was "Deinocheirus", being tall at hips,

paragraphs: and weighing up to 16,000 pounds. The largest dromaeosaurid is "Utahraptor". In addition to being the largest known dromaeosaurid, it was also the largest known deinonychosaur and the largest known paravian.

paragraphs: The largest thyreophoran was "Ankylosaurus" at in length and 6.5 tons in weight. "Stegosaurus" was also 9 meters (30 ft) long but around 5 tons in weight.

paragraphs: The largest ceratopsian known is probably the newly discovered "Eotriceratops" with a skull alone being in length. Maximum size of this ceratopsian is suggested to be around in length and 13 tonnes in weight.

paragraphs: The largest ichthyosaur was "Shonisaurus sikanniensis" at ~21 metres (70 ft) in length. This would make it the largest extinct marine animal. However, both Lilstock Monster and Aust Colossus may have both been larger than Shonisaurus.

paragraphs: The largest plesiosaur was "Mauisaurus haasti", growing to about 20 metres (66 ft) in length. Next behind was "Elasmosaurus" at 14 metres (46 ft) long.

paragraphs: There is much controversy here. Fossil remains of a pliosaur nicknamed "Predator X" were excavated from Norway in 2008. It was about in length and 41 metric tons in weight. However, in 2002, a team of paleontologists in Mexico discovered the remains of a pliosaur "Monster of Aramberri", which is also estimated at in length. However, this specimen is thought to be a juvenile, with evidence that it had been attacked by an even larger pliosaur. Some media claimed that "Monster of Aramberri" was a "Liopleurodon" this is unconfirmed.

paragraphs: The largest known prehistoric snake is "Titanoboa", estimated at in length and 1135 kg–1819 kg in weight. Another large fossil snake is "", estimated at around in length. Both these snakes lived in tropical rain forests. In third place is an aquatic snake, "", which may have been around in length.

paragraphs: Giant mosasaurs are the largest animals within this group. The largest known mosasaur is likely "Mosasaurus hoffmanni", estimated at least in length. A close contender in size is "Hainosaurus bernardi", estimated at in length. Another giant mosasaur is "Tylosaurus", estimated at in length.

paragraphs: The largest birds of all time might have been the elephant birds of Madagascar. Of almost the same size was the Australian "Dromornis stirtoni". Both were about 3 m tall (10 ft). The elephant birds were up to 400 kg and "Dromornis" was up to 500 kg in weight. The tallest bird ever was the Giant Moa ("Dinornis maximus") at 12 ft tall.

paragraphs: The largest flight-capable bird was "Argentavis magnificens" which had a wingspan of 7 m (~23 ft), and a body weight of 110 kg (244 lb), or "Pelagornis sandersi" with a wingspan of 6.4 to 7.4 metres.

paragraphs: "Basilosaurus" was once recognized as one of the largest known extinct cetaceans at in length.

paragraphs: The largest fossil toothed whale was the Miocene whale "Livyatan melvillei" which was estimated to be in length. One notable feature of "L. melvillei" was its teeth which were 36 cm long and is unmatched by any other animal, extinct or alive.

paragraphs: However, the largest fossil whales were baleen whales (plankton feeders) from the Pliocene and Pleistocene Epochs. A notable example is the bones of a Pliocene age baleen whale, assigned the questionable name ""Balaenoptera sibbaldina"", which likely rivaled the modern blue whale in size.

paragraphs: The largest perissodactyl, and land mammal, of all time was "Palaeoloxodon Namadicus". It stood 5.5 m (18 ft) tall at the shoulder, a total height of 8 m (27 ft), totally 12 m (40 ft) long and may have weighed 20 tonnes (22 tons), though mass estimates vary. Some prehistoric horned rhinos also grew to large sizes. The giant woolly rhino "Elasmotherium" reached 20 ft long and 6.6 ft high.

paragraphs: The largest by far was the giant "Arthropleura". Measuring 2.5 metres (8.2 ft) and 45 centimetres (18 in) wide, it was the largest terrestrial arthropod of all time.


title: FC Seoul

paragraphs: FC Seoul is a professional football club based in Seoul, South Korea. It is currently owned by GS Sports, a subsidiary of GS Group. The club is usually considered a powerhouse in the K-League, with financial backing from the well-known GS Group. The club is currently managed by Choi Yong-Soo.


title: Oldsmobile 88

paragraphs: Oldsmobile 88 (a.k.a. Eighty Eight) was a vehicle distributed via Oldsmobile division of General Motors. The car was first manufactured in the 1949 model year. It underwent many facelifts and redesigns over the years. This vehicle was available in multiple versions. Oldsmobile 88 was discontinued after 1999.


title: Pip Skid

paragraphs: Pip Skid (born Patrick Skene, AKA Wicked Nut) is a Canadian rapper and writer, and a cornerstone of the successful Vancouver based independent hip hop label Peanuts & Corn. Originally hailing from Brandon, Manitoba, Pip is known in underground hip hop circles for his distinctive gravel-throated vocals, as well as his clever writing, and angry delivery.

paragraphs: As a co-founder of landmark Canadian hip hop group Farm Fresh, as well as a member of other famed crews such as Fermented Reptile, Hip Hop Weiners, Taking Care of Business, and Break Bread, Pip has sold thousands of albums while starring on over a dozen albums since 1994, appearing on many more, and touring all over North America. His current album "Skid Row" peaked at #4 on the Canadian Hip Hop charts on May 1, 2010. This album follows in the footsteps of "Funny Farm 2" which hit #3 on the hip hop charts and "Funny Farm" which hit #32 on the combined charts. His single "Alone Again" from the Funny Farm album achieved rotation on the national music network Much Music.


title: Lee "Scratch" Perry

paragraphs: Lee "Scratch" Perry (born Rainford Hugh Perry, 20 March 1936, Kendal, Jamaica) is a musician, who has been influential in the movement and acceptance of reggae and dub music in Jamaica and overseas. He has lots of pseudonyms, such as Pipecock Jackxon and The Upsetter.

paragraphs: Perry's musical life began in the late 1950s as a record seller for Clement Coxsone Dodd's sound system. As his sometimes bad relationship with Dodd developed, he found himself doing a variety of important tasks at Dodd's Studio One hit factory, going on to record nearly thirty songs for the label. Disagreements between the pair due to personality and financial problems, a now normal theme throughout Perry's career, led him to leave the studio and seek new musical outlets. He soon found a new home at Joe Gibbs's Amalgamated Records.

paragraphs: Working with Gibbs, Perry carried on his recording career but, once again, financial problems caused problems. Perry broke ranks with Gibbs and formed his own label, Upsetter, in 1968. His first single "People Funny Boy", which was an insult directed at Gibbs, sold well with 60,000 copies sold in Jamaica alone. It is notable for its innovative use of a sample (a crying baby) as well as a fast, chugging beat that would soon become identifiable as "reggae" (the new kind of sound which was given the name "Steppers"). From 1968 until 1972 he worked with his studio band The Upsetters. During the 1970s, Perry released many recordings on a variety of record labels that he founded, and many of his songs were popular in both Jamaica and the UK. He soon became known for his unique production types as well as his mad character.


title: Amagerbro station

paragraphs: Amagerbro station is a Metro station in Copenhagen in Denmark, established in 2002.

paragraphs: The station is operated by the Metro service M2 and Movias bus services 77, 78, 2A, 5A, 350S, 871, 872 and 81N.


title: Cliff Burton

paragraphs: Clifford Lee Burton (February 10, 1962 – September 27, 1986) was an American bassist and songwriter. He is best known for playing the bass guitar in the thrash metal band Metallica from 1982 until his death in 1986.

paragraphs: He died during a European tour when Metallica's tour bus skidded off the road and flipped over. Burton was thrown out of the bus' window and the bus fell on him. They attempted to rescue Burton from underneath the bus by lifting it with a crane, but the crane slipped, and the bus landed down on top of Burton a second time.


title: Beipiaosaurus

paragraphs: Beipiaosaurus is a therizinosaur theropod dinosaur. It lived in the Lower Cretaceous, about 125 million years ago. Its fossil was found in the Yixian Formation near Beipiao, Liaoning Province of China. The theroziosaurs were a group of theropods which became herbivorous. "Beipiaosaurus" had a toothless beak, cheek teeth, and protofeathers.


title: Prime Minister of Russia

paragraphs: The Prime Minister of Russia (, "Prem'er-ministr Rossii") is Russia's head of government. He is the second most powerful leader in the Russian Federation.

paragraphs: The Prime Minister serves the same time as the President of Russia, and has a term of office of six years but may be appointed again.

paragraphs: The President appoints the Prime Minister and must be approved by the State Duma. Only two acting Prime Ministers: Yegor Gaidar and Viktor Chernomyrdin were appointed by the President, but not approved by the Duma. The most recent Prime Minister is Mikhail Mishustin since 16 January 2020.

paragraphs: As of 2020, there are eight living former Prime Ministers. The most recent death of a former Prime Minister was that of Yevgeny Primakov (1998–1999) on 26 June 2015, aged 85.


title: The American Crisis

paragraphs: The American Crisis is a series of pamphlets (short books) written by Thomas Paine. They were written during the American Revolutionary War. They begin with the quote, "these are the times that try men's souls". The first of the pamphlets was written after a series of losses to the British, and was meant to keep the patriots in the fight.


title: Brian Guebert

paragraphs: Brian Guebert (born December 19, 1981) is a Canadian Football League defensive end who last played for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers.

paragraphs: Guebert went to Lutheran Collegiate Bible Institute in Outlook, Saskatchewan. His team won the six-man Saskatchewan High School Provincial Football Championship in 1998. He was selected as the Defensive MVP in the 1999 Can-Am Bowl, and was chosen as the Outstanding Defensive Lineman in the 1999 Saskatchewan Senior Bowl.

paragraphs: Guebert played with the Saskatoon Hilltops, and he won the Canadian Junior Football League championship in 2001, 2002, and 2003. In both 2002 and 2003, Guebert was picked as the Prairie Football Conference Outstanding Defensive Lineman. He was also chosen as the Hilltops' Outstanding Lineman in 2002 and their Outstanding Graduate in 2003.

paragraphs: After his time with the Hilltops, Guebert moved on to play university football with the University of Saskatchewan Huskies. He was picked as a Canada West All-Star in 2004, and both a Canada West All-Star and First Team All-Canadian in 2006. His team played in the Vanier Cup in 2004, 2005, and 2006.

paragraphs: Guebert is a member of the 2004–05 Huskie Athletics All Academic 1st Team and 2004–05 CIS Academic All-Canadian Team.

paragraphs: Guebert went to training camp with the Saskatchewan Roughriders in 2003, playing in one exhibition game against Winnipeg.

paragraphs: Guebert was signed as a free agent with Winnipeg on May 30, 2007 and was a good special teams player. He was let go following the 2008 season.


title: Iran Air Flight 227

paragraphs: Iran Air Flight 277 was a passenger plane which, on , 2011, crashed while trying to land in bad weather at Urmia Airport, West Azarbaijan province, Iran. The aircraft that crashed was going between Mehrabad International Airport, Tehran, Iran, and Urmia. It was an Iran Air Boeing 727-286Adv, registration EP-IRP.

paragraphs: The aircraft that crashed was a Boeing 727-286Adv. It was registered EP-IRP and was built in 1974. The aircraft spent a long time out of service, and was in Baghdad, Iraq from 1984-90, and then stored from 1991-2002. After that, it was fixed and went back to flying.

paragraphs: The flight was going between Tehran and Urmia. The plane crashed when it was about to land. It crashed near a lake. The crash happened at around 19:45 (16:15 UTC), and was thought to be caused by bad weather. The aircraft had missed its first try at landing, and it either crashed during a go-around, or while trying to return to Tehran. The weather at the time of the accident included snow and it was hard to see. When it crashed, the plane broke into more than one piece, but there was no fire or explosion. There were different reports right after the crash as to the type of aircraft that it happened to. Either a Fokker 100 or a Boeing 727 was thought to have crashed, but it was later made clear that the plane was a 727.

paragraphs: The number of people on board was not known; RIA Novosti said that 95 passengers were on the plane, but Reuters said there were 156 passengers and the Associated Press said there were 105 passengers. Later reports said there were either 105 or 106 people on board. Between 10 and 12 were crew and either 95 or 94 were passengers. The Iran Civil Aviation Organization said the day after the crash that a total of 93 passengers and 12 crew were on board.

paragraphs: At least 77 people were killed and 26 were hurt. It was hard to rescue people because there was a lot of snow at the time. A local official said that "[the] problem at the moment for rescue work is the heavy snow," which he said was around deep at the site of the crash. After the crash, 36 ambulances and 11 hospitals were used in the rescue.

paragraphs: Iran ordered that the reason the plane crashed be found out. A day after the crash, people at the location had found both the flight's cockpit voice recorder, which records sounds in the cockpit, and the flight data recorder, which records what the plane does. Iran's Transport Ministry said that the investigation will be made up of several groups of people that study different parts of. The Iran Civil Aviation Organization will be in charge. The flight data recorder and cockpit voice recorder were both taken to Tehran as part of the investigation.


Space colony


title: Ford Focus (North America)

paragraphs: The North American Ford Focus was a compact vehicle made by the Ford Motor Company. The North American version was introduced in 1999 for the 2000 model year. It was then facelifted in April 2004 for the 2005 model year, a new version came in late 2007 for the 2008 model year and was then redesigned in early 2011 for the 2012 model year, that generation is the same that's sold worldwide. The US Focus was discontinued after the 2018 model year.


title: Edward E. Smith Memorial Award

paragraphs: The NESFA gives the Edward E. Smith Memorial Award for Imaginative Fiction award each year to a science fiction writer. The award is for their work and for acting like "Doc" Smith. Many people who knew Smith loved him. The award is also called the Skylark.

paragraphs: The award is a trophy with a large lens in it. Regular members of the New England Science Fiction Association, Inc. vote for the winner. It is presented at Boskone, NESFA's annual convention.


title: Sinornithoides

paragraphs: Sinornithoides (meaning "Chinese bird form") is a genus of troodontid theropod dinosaur. It lived during the Early Cretaceous (Barremian stage, around 130 125 million years ago). It measured approximately 1 meter long (3 ft). It lived in Inner Mongolia, China, and probably ate invertebrates and other small prey.


title: Shuvuuia

paragraphs: Shuvuuia is a genus of bird-like theropod dinosaur from the later Cretaceous of Mongolia.

paragraphs: It is a member of the family Alvarezsauridae, small coelurosaurian dinosaurs which have short but powerful forelimbs specialized for digging. The name "Shuvuuia" is derived from the Mongolian word "shuvuu" meaning "bird".


title: WWE SmackDown vs. Raw 2011

paragraphs: WWE SmackDown vs. Raw 2011 is a wrestling video game that's published by THQ, It is available for the PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, PlayStation Portable, Wii and Xbox 360 systems.

paragraphs: The game featured new physics system which can allow the player to use weapons more realistically for example tables can now break differently depending on the impact of them. Inside and outside the ring, ladders can now be rested onto the ring ropes and be broken into pieces and chairs can be thrown at the player's opponents.

paragraphs: It is part of the WWE SmackDown vs. Raw video game series.


title: Collage

paragraphs: Collage is an art term. It is a work of art like a painting but with pieces of paper and fabric ('found objects') stuck on a surface such as a piece of paper, wood or canvas.

paragraphs: Collage is a popular technique in modern art. Types of collage are 'decoupage', photomontage and digital collage. When actual painting is included, or any other medium, the technique is called 'mixed media'. Work in three dimensions may be called 'assemblage'.


title: Chevrolet Van

paragraphs: Chevrolet Van-simply called Chevy Van-refers to passenger or cargo vans which were full size. The vans went by the names of Sport Van, Beauville and Chevrolet G-Series. GMC's version of the vans were called Vandura and Rally Wagon. The vehicles were first made around 1964 under Chevrolet and GMC divisions of General Motors. They were discontinued after 1996. The post 1996 replacements were the Chevrolet Express and GMC Savana.


title: Pro-choice

paragraphs: Pro-choice is the view that a woman should have the right to decide whether or not to have an abortion and that there should not be laws that stop people from getting abortions.

paragraphs: People who are pro-choice believe that people should be able to use abortion to end a pregnancy. The view that abortion should be against the law is called pro-life.

paragraphs: The pro-choice movement is sometimes called the abortion rights movement. It is largely based on the belief, that woman should be able to decide what they want to do with their bodies. Having a baby would be a huge invasion to the body and should be a choice. They believe that an unborn embryo should not be valued over the pregnant woman. Pro-choice believes in a woman's right to choose.


title: Clinical psychology

paragraphs: Clinical psychology is the study in psychology of mental disorders. It is about learning, understanding, diagnosing, treating or preventing these types of illnesses. Clinical psychologists examine the mental functioning of a person and use psychotherapy to treat the disorder. Psychotherapy uses talking instead of medical or physical treatments.

paragraphs: The first psychological clinic opened in 1896 at the University of Pennsylvania by Lightner Witmer. In the first half of the 20th century, clinical psychology mainly about psychological assessment, not treatment. After World War II, there was a big increase in the numbers of trained clinical psychologists. There are two main educational models - the Ph.D. scientist-practitioner model which looks at research, and the Psy.D. practitioner-scholar model which looks at treatment. Clinical psychologists are now regarded as experts in psychotherapy.

paragraphs: Clinical psychologists generally train in one of four primary academic areas – psychodynamic, humanistic, behavior therapy/cognitive behavioral, and systems or family therapy.

paragraphs: Sigmund Freud's ideas led to the development of psychodynamic psychotherapy. Its goal is to help the patient, or client, to understand the meaning of the unconscious desires and conflicts that have caused their problems.

paragraphs: Humanistic psychology was developed in the 1950s in reaction to both behaviourism (the belief that conditioning is the main cause of human behavior) and psychoanalysis (the belief that the unconscious is the main cause of human behavior).

paragraphs: The major principles of humanistic psychology are:


title: Lapu-Lapu City

paragraphs: Lapu-Lapu City is a first class highly-urbanized city in the Philippine province of Cebu. The city occupies most of Mactan Island, a few kilometer off the main island of Cebu and also covers the area of Olango Island further to the southeast region, plus a few other islands. According to the 2007 census, it has a population of about 292,530 people.

paragraphs: The city is linked to Mandaue on mainland Cebu by the Mactan-Mandaue Bridge and Marcelo Fernan Bridge. Mactan-Cebu International Airport, the second busiest airport in the Philippines, is in Lapu-Lapu City. The only aquarium attraction in the Visayas is also in Lapu-lapu City. It is known as "Opon'.

paragraphs: Lapu-Lapu City is it's own island. It is surrounded by a big ocean like Mactan Channel, Cebu Strait, Camotes Sea and Bohol Sea.

paragraphs: In the 16th century, Mactan Island was colonized by Spain. Augustinian friars founded the town of Opon in 1730. It became a city in 1961 and was renamed after Native Royalty the Datu Lapu-Lapu, the Island's chieftain who defeated Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan in 1521. This battle is commemorated at the Lapu-Lapu shrine in Punta Engaño.

paragraphs: Politician Manuel A. Zosa, the representative of the Sixth District of Cebu, sponsored the Bill converting the former municipality of Opon into the present day City of Lapu-Lapu. This was the Republic Act 3134, known as the City Charter of Lapu-Lapu which was signed on June 17, 1961 by former Philippine President Carlos P. Garcia.

paragraphs: Lapu-Lapu City is politically subdivided into 30 barangays.


title: Lee Hoi-chang

paragraphs: Lee Hoi-chang(Korean:이회창, hanja:李會昌, June 2 1935 - ) is South korean politicians and Judges. Chairman of Comptroller's, 26th prime minister of South Korea. nickname was 'Kyungsa'(경사), 'TaeZZeok'(대쪽).

paragraphs: After 1960, he was served to 30years as a judge, 1993 13th Chairman of Comptroller's of South Korea, prime minister of South Korea December 17 1993 to June 2 1994.


title: Typhoon Xangsane

paragraphs: Typhoon Xangsane (international designation: 0615, JTWC designation: 18W, PAGASA name: Typhoon Milenyo) was a deadly typhoon that affected the Philippines, Vietnam, and Thailand during the 2006 Pacific typhoon season. It was the fifteenth tropical storm and ninth typhoon recognized by the Japan Meteorological Agency operationally during the season, although in post-operational analysis it became the tenth typhoon of the season with the addition of Typhoon Maria. According to the Joint Typhoon Warning Center, Xangsane was the sixteenth tropical storm and tenth typhoon of the season, and was a Category 4-equivalent typhoon in terms of 1-minute average wind speeds. The name Xangsane was submitted by Laos and means elephant.

paragraphs: Xangsane made landfall in the Philippines, battering the northern islands with torrential rains and strong winds, and causing widespread flooding and landslides. After passing over Manila and emerging over the South China Sea, the typhoon made a second landfall in central Vietnam, also causing flooding and landslides there and in Thailand. The storm was responsible for at least 279 deaths, mostly in the Philippines and Vietnam, and at least $747 million (2006 USD) in damage.

paragraphs: Late on September 24, 2006, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center, noted that an area of convection, had persisted about 460 NM to the southeast of Manila, in the Philippines. The JTWC assessed the development of a significant Tropical cyclone, as fair. This was because convection was beginning to flare up near a developing Low Level Circulation Center, the JTWC also noted that the disturbance had a broad circulation. Early the next day both the Japan Meteorological Agency and the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) designated the Tropical disturbance as a Tropical Depression with PAGASA assigning the local name of Tropical Depression Milenyo, to the depression. Later that morning the JTWC reassessed the potential of the disturbance forming into a significant tropical Cyclone within 24 hours as good, and issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert on the developing disturbance. Early that afternoon the JTWC started to issue advisories on the disturbance and designated it as Tropical Depression 18W. Later that day the JTWC upgraded as the depression moved towards the west it was upgraded to a Tropical Storm by the JTWC. Early on September 26 the JMA also upgraded the depression to a tropical storm, and assigned the international name of Xangsane.

paragraphs: Later on September 26, the JMA upgraded Xangsane to a severe tropical storm, whilst six hours later both the JMA and the JTWC upgraded Xangsane to typhoon with the JTWC reporting wind speeds equivalent to a category one typhoon. Early the next day Xangsane was upgraded to a category 2 typhoon and then over the next six hours Xangsane rapidly intensified into a category 4 typhoon with wind speeds of 115 kts (130 mph, 215 km/h). Meanwhile the JMA reported that Xangsane had reached its peak wind speeds of 85 kts (100 mph, 155 km/h). Early that afternoon the JTWC reported that Xangsane, had reached its peak wind speeds of 125 kts (145 mph, 230 km/h).

paragraphs: Xangsane then passed through the Philippine islands, wreaking havoc and becoming the strongest typhoon to directly impact Metro Manila in eleven years. As it entered the South China Sea as a weak typhoon, it began to re-intensify, reaching its secondary peak strength shortly before landfall at Danang, Vietnam on October 1. The JTWC ceased advisories after landfall, while the JMA carried the storm inland until it was over Thailand as a tropical depression. It remained as a low pressure area over central Indochina on the JMA's weather charts for several days, while the U.S. Navy's Automated Tropical Cyclone Forecasting system carried the remnants of Xangsane into the Bay of Bengal.

paragraphs: On September 27, PAGASA issued Storm Signal Number 3, a warning for winds of 100– 185 km/h (62– 115 mph), for areas of southern Luzon. Storm Signal Number 2, for winds of 60– 100 km/h (37– 62 mph), was raised for northern Samar Island and central Luzon. Storm Signal Number 1 (30– 60 km/h, 20– 37 mph) was issued for northwestern Luzon, including Metro Manila, and northern Visayas, including the rest of Samar Island. Schools in the warned area were suspended, and airports and seaports were closed. Philippine Airlines cancelled over half of its flights to and from Ninoy Aquino International Airport for September 28, and various transit services also suspended service. Metro Manila and the Tagalog provinces were warned of possible flooding and strong winds.

paragraphs: When it became clear that Xangsane would approach the Capital, PAGASA upgraded the warning for Manila and central Luzon to Storm Signal Number 3 on September 28. All the storm signals were discontinued later that day.


title: David Trimble

paragraphs: William David Trimble, Baron Trimble, PC (born 15 October 1944, in Belfast), is a politician from Northern Ireland. He was Leader of the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP; 1995–2005), the first First Minister of Northern Ireland (1998–2002), and was a Member of the House of Commons (1990–2005).

paragraphs: He is a life peer for the Conservative Party. Trimble was awarded the 1998 Nobel Peace Prize, along with John Hume because of effort toward Belfast Agreement.


title: Stamen

paragraphs: The stamen is a male reproductive organ of a flower. It produces the pollen. The stamen has two parts: anther and stalk. The stalk is also called a filament.

paragraphs: The anther contains microsporangia. Each microsporangium contains pollen mother cells. These undergo meiosis, and produce pollen grains, which contain the male gametes (sperm).

paragraphs: The pollen grains are actually haploid male gametophytes.

paragraphs: The pollen is released by the opening of the anther. The pollen is carried by some agent (wind, or some animal) to the receptive surface of the stigma of the same or another flower. This process is known as pollination. After successful pollination, the pollen grain (immature microgametophyte) completes its development by growing a "pollen tube" and the two male gametes move through the pollen tube to the ovule.