paragraphs: The Italian conquest of the British Somali Coast Protectorate was an Italian campaign during World War II against the British Empire. It was the only Italian victory against the Allies that was won without help from Germany.

paragraphs: When Italy declared war in May 1940, the Italian troops were not prepared for a prolonged war in Eastern Africa. As a consequence, Mussolini ordered only some limited aggressive actions to capture territory along the borders of Kenya, Egypt and Sudan. Some skirmishes happened even in French Somalia, with an invasion of the western half of Djibouti.

paragraphs: In June 1940, Amedeo, Duke of Aosta, the Governor-General of "Italian East Africa", convinced the Italian Supreme Command ("Commando Supremo") to plan a campaign to conquer a British colony: British Somali Coast Protectorate. The King of Italy Victor Emmanuel III and Mussolini agreed and at the beginning of August the campaign was ready to start.

paragraphs: The Italian force attacking British Somali Coast Protectorate in August 1940 was commanded by General Guglielmo Nasi and included five colonial brigades, three "Blackshirt" battalions, and three bands ("bande") of native troops. The Italians had the 2nd Light Tank Company and the 322nd Medium Tank Company (13 L3/35 light and 12 M11/39 medium tanks), artillery, and, most important, superior air support. The Italians numbered about 4,800 and about 30,000 native troops.

paragraphs: The Italians were opposed by a British contingent of about 4,000 soldiers consisting of the "Somaliland Camel Corps" (commanded by Colonel Arthur Reginald Chater), elements of the 2nd (Nyasaland) Battalion "King's African Rifles" (KAR) and the 1st Battalion Northern Rhodesian Regiment, the 3rd Battalion 15th Punjab Regiment, and the "2nd Battalion, Black Watch".

paragraphs: In the early hours of 3 August 1940, the Italian army crossed the border between Italian East Africa (called by the Italians "Africa Orientale Italiana") and British Somali Coast Protectorate.

paragraphs: The Italians attacked with military columns in three directions: to the north toward the port of Zeila, to the center toward Adadlek and to the south toward Odweina.

paragraphs: After conquering in French Somaliland the Fort at Loyada, on 5 August the port of Zeila was occupied by the Italians after heavy fighting and so was cut every possibility of help from French Somaliland for the retreating British. The northern Italian column then proceeded south along the coast and occupied the village of Bulhar.

paragraphs: The Italian central column, commanded by Lieutenant-General Carlo De Simone faced more difficulties because of the mountainous terrain and was stopped by the English at the Karrin Pass, before Hargeisa.

paragraphs: Colonel Arthur Reginald Chater, used his camel corps to skirmish with and screen against the advancing Italians as the other British and Commonwealth forces pulled back towards Tug Argan.

paragraphs: On 6 August, within three days of the invasion, the towns of Zeila and Hargeisa were taken by the Italians. Odweina fell the following day and the Italian central and eastern columns combined to launch attacks against the main British and Commonwealth positions at Tug Argan.

paragraphs: On 7 August the British and Commonwealth forces in British Somali Coast Protectorate received reinforcements with the arrival of the 1st Battalion "2nd Punjab Regiment". On 11 August, a new commander, Major-General Alfred Godwin-Austen, reached Tug Argan.

paragraphs: The defensive positions of the British army were centered around six hills overlooking the only road toward Berbera.

paragraphs: On 11 August an Italian brigade commanded by De Simone attacked the hill defended by the 3rd Battalion 15th Punjab Regiment and captured it with heavy casualties. The British launched two unsuccessful counterattacks but the next day were forced to abandon two other nearby hills.

paragraphs: On 14 August the Italians began to encircle the British defenders from their eastern positions, and the defenders' situation started to look critical.

paragraphs: After three days of battle, early on 15 August Godwin-Austen (fearing an imminent encirclement) concluded that further resistance at Tug Argan would be futile. He contacted the British Middle East Command headquarters in Cairo, Egypt and requested and received permission to withdraw his forces from British Somali Coast Protectorate.

paragraphs: The determined effort of the "Black Watch" battalion, which covered the retreat, allowed the entire British and Commonwealth contingent to withdraw to Berbera with minimal losses.

paragraphs: Whilst the British made their fighting retreat to Berbera, the British Royal Navy had constructed an all-tide jetty and had commenced evacuating civilian and administrative officials. The two main Italian columns (the central and the southern) were united at the village of La Farruk, approximately 30 km south of Berbera.

paragraphs: From Bulhar the third Italian column reached the area of Berbera on 14 August but the British defenders were able to hold them off. On 16 August they started to embark troops onto the waiting ships and had completed the evacuation by the afternoon of the following day, departing for Aden in the Arabian peninsula. They had little interference in this operation as a result of a fierce bayonet charge against the Italians by the Black Watch at Barkasan The Somaliland Camel Corps, rather than evacuate, was disbanded and dispersed.

paragraphs: On 19 August the Italians took control of Berbera and then moved down the coast to complete their conquest of British Somali Coast Protectorate. The British colony was annexed by Mussolini to the "Italian Empire" in Italian East Africa.

paragraphs: According to Italian historians, during the campaign to conquer British Somali Coast Protectorate the casualties were 250 for the British army and 205 for the Italian.

paragraphs: But, according to the British account of events, total British casualties were 260 and Italian losses were estimated at between ten and twenty times higher.

paragraphs: This campaign in Somali Coast Protectorate was like all the others of the Axis: it initially started with a victory, then after a period of time (like the campaigns in the Balkans, in the Philippines or in Russia), finished with a complete defeat. But in the specific case of the Italian conquest of British Somali Coast Protectorate, the defeat (that happened in spring 1941) was followed by nearly two years of Italian guerrilla war in Ethiopia.

paragraphs: British Somali Coast Protectorate remained part of the Italian East Africa until March 1941 when the 1st/2nd Punjab Regiment and the 3rd/15th Punjab Regiment returned from Aden to re-occupy the territory.


title: Tiago Jorge Honório

paragraphs: Tiago Jorge Honório (born 4 December 1977) is a Brazilian football player.


title: Ferenc Bene

paragraphs: Ferenc Bene (17 December 1944 - 27 February 2006) was a Hungarian football player. He has played for Hungary national team.


title: Dwight Lodeweges

paragraphs: Dwight Lodeweges (born 26 October 1957) is a former Dutch football player and manager.


title: Toyoharu Takata

paragraphs: Toyoharu Takata (born 12 February 1948) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Yota Akimoto

paragraphs: Yota Akimoto (born 11 July 1987) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Yokohama F. Marinos.


Takumi Shima


title: Akinobu Yokouchi

paragraphs: Akinobu Yokouchi (born 30 November 1967) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Jun Marques Davidson

paragraphs: Jun Marques Davidson (born 7 June 1839) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Carolina RailHawks.


title: Jan Jönsson

paragraphs: Jan Jönsson (born May 24, 1960) is a former Swedish football player.


title: Mc chris

paragraphs: Christopher Brandan Ward (born Christopher Brendan Ward on September 2, 1975, Libertyville, Illinois) is an American rapper, voice actor, writer, and comedian.

paragraphs: He has appeared and contributed original lyrics to many of Williams Street Studios' shows on Adult Swim, most notably "Aqua Teen Hunger Force". Mc Chris is the voice of MC Pee Pants on the adult swim program Aqua Teen Hunger Force. He was a writer for The Brak Show.


title: H. Jon Benjamin

paragraphs: Henry Jon Benjamin (born 23 May 1966 ) is an American stand-up comedian, actor and voice artist. He is the voice of Bob Belcher in "Bob's Burgers". Benjamin was born in Worchester, Massachusetts.


title: David Cross

paragraphs: David Cross (born April 4, 1964) is an American comedian and actor who is known for playing Ian Hawke in the Alvin and the Chipmunks (film series) and for voicing Crane in "Kung Fu Panda 1," "2 and 3".


title: Holy water

paragraphs: Holy water is water that is used as part of a religion or belief. It is water that has been made pure by being blessed by a priest. In the Catholic Church it is used for Sacraments, such as Baptism.


title: Shigemitsu Egawa

paragraphs: Shigemitsu Egawa (born 31 January 1966) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Hiroki Nakayama

paragraphs: Hiroki Nakayama (born 13 December 1985) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Kyoto Sanga.


title: Osamu Kawamoto

paragraphs: Osamu Kawamoto (born 1 May 1952) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Raffaele Palladino

paragraphs: Raffaele Palladino (born 17 April 1984) is an Italian football player. He plays for Genoa and Italy national team.


title: Lucien Laurent

paragraphs: Lucien Laurent (10 December 1907 – 11 April 2005) is a former French football player. He has played for France national team.


title: Roberto Júlio de Figueiredo

paragraphs: Roberto Júlio de Figueiredo (born 20 February 1979) is a Brazilian football player.


Shota Matsuhashi


title: Carlos Esteves

paragraphs: Carlos Esteves (born 5 March 1947) is a former Brazilian football player.


title: Jan Polák

paragraphs: Jan Polák (born 14 March 1981) is a Czech football player. He plays for Anderlecht and Czech Republic national team.


title: Shen Bao

paragraphs: Shen Bao (Chinese: 申報; Pinyin: Shēn Bào) was a newspaper published in Shanghai, China. It was published between April 30, 1872 and May 27, 1949, making it the longest running for any newspaper in China. The name has also been transliterated as Shun Pao or Shen-pao. In English, the newspaper was usually called Shanghai News. The name is short for "Shenjiang Xinbao". Shenjiang is a short form of Chunsheng jiang, the old name for the Huangpu River.

paragraphs: The paper was started by Ernest Major (1841-1908), in 1872. Major was a British businessman. "Shen Bao" was one of the first modern Chinese newspapers. Major returned to England in 1899, and the newspaper was reorganised to be Major Company Limited. According to Zhou, Major was different from other foreign newspapers in two areas: From the start, he made it clear, that the newspaper would be for Chinese readers, and not for foreigners. He therefore picked those news and issues that would be interesting to Chinese. Secondly, he made Chinese compradors responsible for running the business and he had Chinese editors select the news and write the editorials. He was very successful: The Chinese compradors used their ties with the community, raised the circulation, and obtained advertisements. This made the paper cheaper than those of the competition. The Chinese editors knew what their readers wanted to read about.

paragraphs: "Shen Bao" played an important role and helped form public opinion at the end of the 19th century. The paper ran a campaign against hiring young women as waitresses in opium dens. According to the campaign, this made it difficult to distinguish between what could be tolerated, and what could not, because it implicitly said these women would also provide sex services in the dens. Most of the dens with this practice were in the French Concession. The campaign said that one of the reasons this problem existed was that there were foreigners in Shanghai. There was an uproar, and the practice was banned; in reality little was done to eradicate it, though.

paragraphs: The newspaper was innovative: It used new printing technologies, sent a military correspondent to cover the Sino-French War in Vietnam in 1884 and used vernacular ("baihua")" Quickly it got the reputation of being one of the best newspapers in China. It was bought by a Chinese in 1909. In the early 20th century it had a circulation of 30.000 copies a day. 9.000 of them in Shanhai, and the rest was for other parts of China. "By the early 1920s its circulation was 50,000; by the end of the decade 100,000; and by the mid 1930s, 150,000."

paragraphs: The paper's offices were in the International Settlement, "about a block away from the Central Police Station." At first, the paper had eight pages, with news, essays, and advertisements as well as imperial decrees and memorials. "Because the editorial policies followed the principle of 'reporting whatever possible and letting the readers determine the truth,' many interesting but unfounded rumors were often included as news." After 1905, it increased its size to twenty pages.

paragraphs: Shen Bao was founded as a commercial newspaper. Politically, it was conservative for the first three decades and supported the Qing government. In 1905, it started to change its orientation: On New Year's Day it quoted Liang Qichao's constitutionalist slogans. In 1907, the paper was sold to Xi Zipei (1867-1929), Xi Zipei used to be a comprador

paragraphs: of the paper. Xi Zipei was influenced by Zhang Jian. The paper changed and became quite liberal and strongly supported the constitutional movement. "It had the following sections: editorials, international news, domestical news, local news, industry and trade, law and society, sports and education, literature and art, and advertisements. In addition to reporting important political news stories, it had many special columns and supplements such as "ziyou tan" (free discussion), automobile, education and life." In 1912 control was transferred to Shi Liangcai. "In the 1930s, Shi was a strong supporter of the Human Rights Defence Alliance established by Madam Soong Qing Ling.Soong Qing Ling was the second wife of revolutionary leader Dr Sun Yat-sen, with Cai Yuanpei and Lu Xun."

paragraphs: In 1934, the newspaper made the government angry, because it had a strong attitude against the Japanese. "On November 13, Shih Liang-ts'ai, its owner and editor-in-chief, was mysteriously assassinated on the Shanghai-Hangchow Highway"; responsibility for his murder has been laid at the feet of the Bureau of Investigation and Statistics, Chiang Kai-shek's much-feared secret police. In 1938, with the city under Japanese control, Norwood Francis Allman (1893-1987), an American lawyer who had been U.S. Consul in Shanghai in the early 1920s, was asked by the paper's Chinese owners to take over as editor; "Time" wrote in 1940: "A fluent Chinese linguist, Allman reads every story that goes into Shun Pao, writes editorials, corrects editorials written by staff members. He serves without pay." The paper was on bad terms with the Japanese, and in 1940 a Chinese assistant editor was killed and his head left on the street as a warning to journalists. During World War II the paper passed into the hands of collaborators with the Japanese occupation, but after the war Pan Gongzhan, an influential Kuomintang party official who had been an editor on the paper in the late 1920s, became its publisher and Chen Shunyü its chief editor. In May 1949, the People's Liberation Army took Shanghai and shut down the newspaper was.

paragraphs: There is a complete collection of the paper's issues in the Shanghai Library.


title: Merchant Navy

paragraphs: The British Merchant Navy, known simply as the Merchant Navy, is the maritime register of the United Kingdom, and describes the seagoing commercial interests of UK-registered ships and their crews. Merchant Navy vessels fly the Red Ensign, and are regulated by the Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA).


title: Kazumasa Kawano

paragraphs: Kazumasa Kawano (born 7 November 1970) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Takashi Rakuyama

paragraphs: Takashi Rakuyama (born 11 August 1980) is a Japanese football player.


title: Yoshiya Nishizawa

paragraphs: Yoshiya Nishizawa (born 13 June 1987) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Urawa Red Diamonds.


title: Masahiro Okamoto

paragraphs: Masahiro Okamoto (born 17 May 1983) is a Japanese football player. He plays for JEF United Ichihara Chiba.


title: Lee Baxter

paragraphs: Lee Baxter (born 17 June 1976) is a former Swedish football player.


title: Casiano Delvalle

paragraphs: Casiano Delvalle (born 13 August 1970) is a former Paraguayan football player.


title: Josip Barišić

paragraphs: Josip Barišić (born 7 March 1981) is a Croatian football player. He plays for Inter Zaprešić.


title: Linking verb

paragraphs: A linking verb is a verb that joins the subject of a sentence to the complement (the word or phrase needed to finish an idea).

paragraphs: Here are some examples of linking verbs:

paragraphs: ('is' and 'are' are the linking verbs that connect the subject to the adjective or adjective phrase that describes it.)

paragraphs: Many languages have one main linking verb. In English, this is the verb "to be". People use this verb to show how or what something or someone is. Some languages, for example Portuguese and Spanish, have two different verbs for the two meanings of this verb.

paragraphs: Other languages, for example Arabic and Russian, do not have any linking verbs. That is because most languages without linking verbs have inflections, or word endings, that show what part of the sentence words are. Speakers of those languages can join the subject to the complement without any extra words since they share the same kind of inflection. For example, to say "I am a cat" word by word in Russian, a person only says "I cat" (Я кошка in Russian), but it is obvious to the Russian speaker what the meaning is because both words are in the nominative case, or the word form that shows that a word is the subject of a phrase. Since both words are in the subject form, the words are both linked together.


title: Evacuation

paragraphs: Evacuation is a term that comes from Latin language. Literally, it means "emptying". Most of the time it means that people leave an area or a zone because of an imminent danger or threat. Evacuations are planned, and people should leave the zone of danger according to the plan. The causes for evacuations can be natural disasters such as flooding or volcano eruptions, or they can be man-made ones, like a bomb in a building, a fire on a train in a tunnel or an industrial accident.


title: French defence

paragraphs: The French defence is a chess opening, one of the asymmetric replies to 1.e4, namely 1...e6. It is the third most popular reply to 1.e4. Often, Black plays more actively on the queenside while White plays more actively on the kingside.

paragraphs: A problem that Black often has in the French defence is finding a way for his light squared bishop to become active. Although this is true, it may not matter if Black knows what he is doing. The defence has a reputation for reliability, and has been played by many great players (such as Botvinnik), and has featured in several world championship matches.

paragraphs: 1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.Nd2 c5 (3...Nf6 is popular) 4.exd5 exd5 5.Nf3 Nc6 6.Bb5 Bd6 7.dxc5 Bxc5 8.0-0 Ne7 and so on. This line is quiet, and mostly about the centre.

paragraphs: 1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.Nc3 Bb4 4.e5 c5 5.a3 Bxc3+ 6.bxc3 Ne7 7.Qg4 Qc7 (7...0-0 is possible) 8.Qxg7 Rg8 9.Qxh7 cxd4 10.Ne2 and so on. The play in lines like this is strongly asymmetric: White owns the kingside, and Black owns the queenside.


title: Nimzo-Indian defence

paragraphs: The Nimzo-Indian defence is a popular chess opening with these initial moves: 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Bb4. The basic idea is for Black to challenge for control of the central square e4. This comes at the cost of exchanging his Bb4 for the white Nc3 when White plays a3. The opening is named after Aaron Nimzovich, who developed and promoted it. Initially a hypermodern opening, it usually transposes (changes) into classical form, as black occupies central squares by ...c5 and ...d5.

paragraphs: The white central pawns are under restraint. Much preparation is needed before they can move forward.


Tsukasa Umesaki


title: Steed Malbranque

paragraphs: Steed Malbranque (born 6 January 1980) is a French football player. He plays for Sunderland.


title: Daisuke Takahashi (footballer)

paragraphs: Daisuke Takahashi (born 18 September 1983) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Cerezo Osaka.


title: Kim Jong-Song

paragraphs: Kim Jong-Song (born April 23, 1964) is a North Korean professional athlete. He is best known as an association football player. He was a member of the North Korean national team.


title: Giourkas Seitaridis

paragraphs: Giourkas Seitaridis (born 4 June 1981) is a Greek football player. He plays for Panathinaikos and Greece national team.


title: Pieter Huistra

paragraphs: Pieter Huistra (born 18 January 1967) is a former Dutch football player. He has played for Netherlands national team.


title: Salomon Kalou

paragraphs: Salomon Kalou (born 5 August 1985) is a Côte d'Ivoire football player. He plays for Chelsea and Côte d'Ivoire national team.


title: Fernando Cavenaghi

paragraphs: Fernando Cavenaghi (born 21 September 1983) is an Argentine football player. He plays for Girondins Bordeaux.


title: Jong Tae-Se

paragraphs: Jong Tae-Se (born 2 March 1984), also known as Chong Taese, is a North Korean professional athlete. He is best known as an association football player. He was a member of the North Korean national team.


Thespakusatsu Gunma


title: Joey Logano

paragraphs: Joseph Thomas Logano (born May 27, 1990) is an American racecar driver who drives the No. 22 Ford Mustang in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series for Team Penske. Logano is the 2018 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series champion. Until the start of the 2013 season, Logano drove the #20 Home Depot Toyota Camry for Joe Gibbs Racing. Logano won the 2009 rookie of the year award, and with his win at the New Hampshire Motor Speedway became the youngest drive to win a race in NASCAR history. He also won the 2012 Pocono 400 at Pocono Raceway from the pole, ending a 31 race losing streak for pole winners.


title: Pound-force

paragraphs: The pound-force, or simply pound (abbreviations: lb, lb, or lbf), is a unit of force. The pound-force is about equal to the gravitational force applied on a mass of one pound on the surface of Earth. Since the 18th century, the unit has been used in low-precision measurements.

paragraphs: In the 20th century, people needed a more precise definition. An official value for acceleration due to gravity was needed. Today, as decided by the General Conference on Weights and Measures, standard gravity is usually taken to be .


title: Long ton

paragraphs: The long ton is the imperial ton or 'weight ton'. It is used in the United Kingdom and several other Commonwealth countries. In their avoirdupois or Imperial system of measurements, it is equal to or of salt water with a density of 64 lb/ft (1.025 g/ml). Many other countries use the metric tonne. It has some limited use in the United States, for measuring the displacement of ships. It was the unit recommended for warships by international agreements between the world wars, for example battleships were limited to 35,000 long tons.


title: Seismogram

paragraphs: A seismogram is a record of an earthquake induced motion at a measuring station as a function of time. Seismograms are usually taken by "seismometers". "Seisometers" record motions in three cartesian axes (x, y, and z), with the z axis perpendicular to the Earth's surface and the x- and y- axes parallel to the surface.

paragraphs: Historically, seismograms were recorded on paper attached to rotating drums. Some used pens on ordinary paper. Others used light beams to expose "photosensitive paper". Today, almost all seismograms are recorded digitally to make analysis by computer easier. Seismograms are very important for measuring earthquakes using the Richter scale.


title: Nothosaur

paragraphs: Nothosaurs were long-necked, long-tailed, fish-eating sauropterygian reptiles ranging from a few inches to 20 feet (6 m) long - they were not dinosaurs. Nothosaurs lived during the Triassic period. They may have evolved into the plesiosaurs. These reptiles had a long, thin head with many sharp teeth; the front teeth were longer than the back teeth. The nostrils were on the top end of the snout. They breathed air but spent most of the time in the water.


title: Hod Stuart

paragraphs: William Hodgson "Hod" Stuart (February 20, 1879 – June 23, 1907) was a Canadian professional ice hockey point (now called a defenceman) who played nine seasons for many teams in different leagues. He also played for a short time with the Ottawa Rough Riders football team. With his brother Bruce, Stuart played in the first professional ice hockey league, the International Professional Hockey League. In 1907 Stuart, thought of as the finest defender of the era, helped the Montreal Wanderers win the Stanley Cup, the trophy for best hockey team. A few months after winning the Cup, he died in a diving accident. The Wanderers hosted a all-star game to raise money for his family, the first time ever that an all-star game was played. When the Hockey Hall of Fame was created in 1945, Stuart was one of the first twelve players put in the Hall; his brother Bruce would also be elected into the Hall of Fame in 1961.


title: Opium poppy

paragraphs: Opium poppy, "Papaver somniferum var. album", is a species of plant. Opium and poppy seeds come from poppies. A great number of opiates, such as morphine, heroin, and codeine, are made from opium. The Latin name for the opium poppy means "sleep-bringing poppy, white form," probably because some of these opiates make people feel sleepy.

paragraphs: The poppy is the only species of Papaveraceae to be grown as an agricultural crop. Other species, such as "Papaver rhoeas" and "Papaver argemone", are important agricultural weeds. They may be wrongly thought of as the crop.

paragraphs: The plant itself is also used as a decoration. Known as the "common garden poppy," it is widely grown as an ornamental flower in Europe, North America, South America, and Asia.

paragraphs: Poppy seeds of "Papaver somniferum" are used as food in many cultures. They may be used whole by bakers to decorate their products or milled and mixed with sugar as a sweet filling. They have a creamy and nut-like flavor. Seeds of papver somniferum are also used to make poppyseed oil. The seeds have very little opiates. The oil that comes from them has even less.


title: Mohamed Zidan

paragraphs: Mohamed Zidan (born 11 December 1981) is an Egyptian football player. He plays for Borussia Dortmund and Egypt national team.


title: Koichi Ae

paragraphs: Koichi Ae (born 15 April 1976) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Opium Wars

paragraphs: The Opium Wars were two wars between China and Western countries during the Qing dynasty. The first was between Great Britain and China and lasted from 1839 until 1842. The second was from 1856 to 1860 and involved France as well.

paragraphs: The wars were about many other things than opium. They were also about opening China to European and American trade and colonizations. Defeat weakened the Qing dynasty.

paragraphs: Opium is a natural substance in the seeds of the opium poppy. Opium is extracted from the poppy seeds. Besides being consumed directly it is converted into opiates.

paragraphs: British merchants began selling opium to China. At that time, opium was grown in India and not in China. Opium had been used in traditional Chinese medicine for a long time before the British came, mostly to treat disease. However, opium can also be used as a psychoactive drug that changes the user's state of mind. Opium is also an addictive drug.

paragraphs: When the British began importing large amounts of the drug, the Chinese began using opium for its mind-changing effect. More and more people grew addicted to opium. So, the British were able to export more and more opium. By selling this drug, the British slowly began to make more money on their exports to China than they spent on their imports of Chinese goods. British exports of opium to China increased greatly. They went from an estimated 15 tons in 1730, to 75 tons in 1773. Opium was shipped in "chests". Every chest had 67 kilograms (140 pounds) of opium inside.

paragraphs: Early in the 19th century, British merchants began to take opium into China in return for bringing Chinese tea back to to Britain. In 1839, China said that the British could not bring opium into their country, so the British did not tell China about the opium they had brought with them. Chinese officials found a lot of opium in Canton, a part of southern China which is now called Guangzhou, and destroyed it. The British were upset at this and sent gunboats in 1840 to attack Chinese cities along the coast. China had no weapons to protect themselves, and so they lost the war.

paragraphs: China was forced to sign the Treaty of Nanking and Treaty of the Bogue. This forced China to open up some of its ports for trade to Western countries, not just Great Britain. British people in China also received the right of extraterritoriality, meaning when accused of crime they could be tried by their own officials rather than those of China. Finally, China had to give up Hong Kong Island, which became a British colony. Britain had nothing to give back in return, and so these treaties became the first of those known as the "unequal treaties". Other Western countries soon signed similar treaties with China.

paragraphs: The Second Opium War was also known as the "Arrow War" or "Anglo-French War" in China. French soldiers also took a big part in this war, which started when the Chinese took over one of the British ships in the port of Guangzhou, called "The Arrow". Britain and France, along with troops from Russia and the United States, attacked more Chinese cities. This included the Battle of Canton of 1857, and in 1860 the Old Summer Palace (Yuanmingyuan) in Beijing was burned to the ground. At the end of this war, the Chinese had to sign more of the "unequal treaties". They included making opium legal in China, opening up all their ports for trade, and to give up part of the Kowloon Peninsula to the British, which became part of the colony of Hong Kong.

paragraphs: In 1898, after the First Sino-Japanese War, Britain would take control of the New Territories under a 99-year lease. At the end of the 99 years, it would return the entire colony of Hong Kong, including the leased land, to China. This happened on July 1, 1997, making Hong Kong the first of two Special Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China.


Shunichi Ikenoue


title: Seismometer

paragraphs: A seismometer or seismograph is an instrument that measures motions of the ground, including those generated by earthquakes, nuclear explosions and other sources.

paragraphs: Records of seismic waves called seismograms allow us to map the interior of the Earth, and to find and measure the size of those different sources.

paragraphs: The word derives from the Greek word, "seismós", a shaking or quake, from the verb σείω, "seíō", to shake; and μέτρον, "métron", measure.

paragraphs: The technique of using a seismometer to build up a picture of the Earth's interior is called seismic tomography.


title: Denny Landzaat

paragraphs: Denny Landzaat (born 6 May 1976) is a Dutch football player. He plays for Feyenoord Rotterdam.


title: David Connolly

paragraphs: David Connolly (born 6 June 1977) is an Irish football player. He plays for Southampton.


title: Antonio Valencia

paragraphs: Antonio Valencia (born 4 August 1985) is an Ecuadorian football player. He plays for Manchester United and Ecuador national team.


title: Graham Kavanagh

paragraphs: Graham Kavanagh (born 2 December 1973) is an Irish football player. He plays for Carlisle United F.C.


title: Lee McCulloch

paragraphs: Lee McCulloch (born 14 May 1978) is a Scottish football player. He plays for Rangers.


title: Cool Silly

paragraphs: Cool Silly () is a Taiwanese-American mainstream pop trio consisting of producer/singer Tone (), singer/composer Ray Liu () and rapper/actor Leeway(). Renowned artist Tone () formed his own band after releasing his first debut album titled "我的6:57am", and recruited the other two members to form Cool Silly. They are well known throughout Taiwan with their hit "Fly" (), which was the theme song for the 2010 Taipei International Flora Exposition (). The song attracted many fans, which led to Cool Silly's debut in 2010 with the release of their first digital album, Cool Silly: The Prelude. Since their debut, they have often been compared with the Popular Taiwanese rock group, F.I.R., because of the similar formation of band members and attractive performance personalities.

paragraphs: The name Cool Silly comes from the band's ideology that "a person can't be cool unless they're silly as well". The band insists that the personality of their music is not only "cool" but "silly" as well.


title: David Wright

paragraphs: David Wright (born 1 May 1980) is an English footballer. He plays for Ipswich Town.


title: Arjan de Zeeuw

paragraphs: Arjan de Zeeuw (born 16 April 1970) is a Dutch football player.


title: Andreas Johansson

paragraphs: Andreas Johansson (born 5 July 1978) is a Swedish football player. He plays for Aalborg.


Yohei Toyoda


title: Paul Jewell

paragraphs: Paul Jewell (born 28 September 1964) is an English footballer turned manager who is currently the manager of Ipswich Town.


title: Nathan Ellington

paragraphs: Nathan Ellington (born 2 July 1981) is an English football player. He plays for Skoda Xanthi.


title: Jason Roberts

paragraphs: Jason Roberts (born 25 January 1978) is a retired Grenadian football player.


title: Ryuji Shimoshi

paragraphs: Ryuji Shimoshi (born July 24, 1985) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Dew

paragraphs: Dew is a thin film of water that has condensed on the surface of objects near the ground in the morning or evening. These objects cool in the night. When they cool, the thin layer of air around them cools too. This makes some water vapor condense on the object. The condensation happens because the air is able to hold less water when it is cooled. The temperature when condensation begins is called the "dew point". If the dew point temperature becomes lower than 32 °F (0 °C), the dew turns into frost. Most people agree that the water in the dew comes from the atmosphere. However, some studies suggest that it also comes up through the soil and then condenses on the ground. This happens, though, only when conditions are right.

paragraphs: Dew forms best when the atmosphere is clean, the air is calm, and there is not much wind. It does not always form in the night and outdoors, though. They also work when eyeglasses get steamy in warm, wet rooms. Dew may also happen in industrial processes. However, people use the word condensation more often than dew.

paragraphs: In the Old Testament dew is used as a symbol. Deuteronomy 32:3 says: "...my speech shall as the dew, as the small rain upon the tender herb, and as the showers upon the grass." ()


title: 666 (number)

paragraphs: 666 is a natural number after 665 and before 667. It is a number with many properties.

paragraphs: One of these properties is that it is the sum of the first 36 natural numbers. That makes 666 a triangular number.

paragraphs: 666 is the sum of the first 144 decimals (digits after the decimal point) of pi. The number is also used in the "666 dating rule" or "rule of sixes" which judges the attractiveness of men.

paragraphs: The Bible says in the Book of Revelation that the number 666 is associated with an Antichrist, so the number is the "Number of the Beast". Some interpreters say that a future world leader will force people to accept this number as a mark or else be forbidden to buy or sell. However, people who do accept this mark will be rejected by God. Another interpretation notes that in the Aramaic alphabet each letter has a numeric value, the letters in each name or title can be added to produce a total. Some think the name of the Emperor Nero was secretly referred to by this number, since Nero did much to harm Christians. The name of Nero Caesar in Aramaic adds up to 666.


title: Jazz piano

paragraphs: Jazz piano is a word for the ways pianists play jazz. The piano has been an important part of the jazz, in both solo and group settings. Its role is one of the biggest. This is because of the instrument's combined melodic and harmonic nature. For this reason it is also an important tool in the understanding of jazz theory and arranging for jazz musicians and composers. Together with the guitar, vibraphone, and other keyboard instruments, the piano is one of the few instruments in a jazz combo which can play chords, instead of only single notes (as with the saxophone or trumpet).


title: Apito

paragraphs: An apito is a whistle used in samba music to mean that one person stops playing music and that another person starts playing.


title: Jedward

paragraphs: Jedward are an Irish pop rap duo based in the Republic of Ireland. They are twins John Paul Henry Daniel Richard Grimes and Edward Peter Anthony Kevin Patrick Grimes (born 16 October 1991). There were formed in the UK in 2009 as John & Edward. They were contestants on the 2009 series of UK TV talent show "The X Factor" and finished in sixth place. They have had one hit single featuring Vanilla Ice called "Under Pressure (Ice Ice Baby)" which reached number one in Ireland and number two in the UK. They were dropped by Sony and now are supported by Universal Music. They have released an album entitled "Planet Jedward", which charted at number 17 and a second single entitled "All The Small Things", which charted at number 46. Thay have since released two more albums, Victory (2011) and Planet Jedward (2012). The twins are releasing a single titled Free Spirit on May the 16th which was first played on Australia's KIIS 106.5. They are also set to release an album later this year. They were contestants in the 2011 edition of "Big Brother".


title: Marcionism

paragraphs: Marcionism is a type of Christianity which started around 144 C.E. It was started by Marcion of Sinope in Rome. Marcionn believed in Jesus Christ, but did not accept the Bible or Yahweh. He was a dualist, and believed that the god who wrote the Old Testament was different than the god who wrote the New Testament.

paragraphs: Traditionally members of the church are required to wear pointed-head garments to show reverence to the god of the Old Testament.


title: Chorley

paragraphs: Chorley is a town in Lancashire. The local MP is Lindsay Hoyle (Labour).


title: Clayton-le-Woods

paragraphs: Clayton Le Woods is a village in Lancashire, situated roughly two miles outside the market town of Chorley. According to the United Kingdom Census 2001 it has a population of 14,528.


title: Divididos

paragraphs: Divididos () is a Rock and cover band from Argentina. It was founded in 1988, when Sumo, another band, broke up because of the death of Luca Prodan, their main singer.

paragraphs: The band is known for mixing Rock and Argentinean folk music.

paragraphs: In 2005, the band received the Platinum Konex Award as best Rock Group of the 1995-2005 decade, with Patricio Rey y sus Redonditos de Ricota.


title: Gao Shun

paragraphs: Gao Shun (, ? – 198 AD) was a commander. He was known for his brave strength in battle. In the later period of the Han dynasty, Gao Shun served Lü Bu. He grew to be known as one of Lü Bu's best commanders. He was most well known for taking Xiaopei. He was also well known for his victory over an army led by Xiahou Dun. Xiahou Dun was an important general under Cao Cao. In the same year, however, Cao Cao himself came and attacked Lü Bu's base city, Xiapi. It was a victory for him. Gao Shun was executed with his lord, Lü Bu.

paragraphs: It is said that Gao Shun was very honest. He never drank wine. He did not accept any presents or bribes. According to the "Records of Heroes" (英雄記) by Wang Can, he led about 700 soldiers. However, It is said that his men are as brave as 10000.


title: Hitachi A-train

paragraphs: The A-train is a family of many trains originally designed and built by Hitachi Ltd. for use on the railway system in Japan. The A-train family is trains for commuter services and limited express services.


title: 2 Maccabees

paragraphs: 2 Maccabees is a book of the Catholic Bible which focuses on the Jews' revolt against Antiochus IV Epiphanes and ends with the defeat of the Syrian general Nicanor in 161 BC by Judas Maccabeus, the hero of the work.

paragraphs: 2 Maccabees was written in Koine Greek, probably in Alexandria, Egpyt in 124 BC. It gives a revised version of the historical events recounted in the first seven chapters of 1 Maccabees but mainly focuses on the theological implications of 1 Maccabees. Important things mentioned are prayer for the dead, martyrdom (meaning dying for a cause) and intercession of the dead (meaning dead people answering prayers).


title: 3 Maccabees

paragraphs: The book of the 3 Maccabees is found in most Orthodox Bibles.

paragraphs: However, the book actually has nothing to do with the Maccabees. It does not have anything to do with their revolt against the Seleucid Empire, either (as described in 1 Maccabees and 2 Maccabees). Instead, it tells the story of persecution of the Jews under Ptolemy IV Philopator (222-205 BC). The name of the book seems to come from the similarities between this book and the stories of the martyrdom of Eleazar and the Maccabeean youths in 2 Maccabees. The High Priest Shimon is also mentioned.


title: Persecution

paragraphs: Persecution is the mistreatment (bad treatment) of an individual or group by another group. People can be persecuted for any reasons; it is usually because of their religion, ethnicity, politics, sexuality, gender or gender identity.

paragraphs: Religious persecution originally meant chasing after people of a religion in order to kill them all. Nowadays it often just means discrimination.


title: Lincoln Park Zoo

paragraphs: Lincoln Park Zoo is a free zoo. It is in Lincoln Park neighborhood in Chicago, Illinois. The zoo was founded in 1868. This was when the Lincoln Park Commissioners were given a gift of 2 pair of swans. In 1874, the swans were joined by a bear cub. This was the first animal bought for the zoo. The bear became quite good at escaping from its home. It could often be found wandering around Lincoln Park at night. The first bison ever born in captivity was born in Lincoln Park. Marlin Perkins, who later gained fame as the host of the television program "Wild Kingdom", was director of the zoo from 1944 until 1962. Now, Lincoln Park Zoo is home to a wide variety of animals. The zoo includes polar bears, penguins, gorillas, reptiles, monkeys, and other species totalling nearly 1,250 animals. Also located in Lincoln Park Zoo is a burr oak tree which dates to 1830, three years before the city was founded. Lincoln Park Zoo is one of four zoos in the Chicago area, the others being the large Brookfield Zoo, and the minor Phillips Park Zoo, and Cosley Zoo. Lincoln Park Zoo is the only one within the Chicago city limits.

paragraphs: Two sections of Lincoln Park Zoo have been set aside for children. The first is the Pritzker Family Children's Zoo. The Children's Zoo contains an indoor structure for children to play in. People used to be able to pet animals at the Children's Zoo, but in recent years, due to health concerns, Lincoln Park Zoo has stopped this at the Children's Zoo. Also, baby animals who are rejected by their parents are no longer kept in the Children's Zoo because the zoo has found that it is harder to reintroduce them into their habitats once they grow up if they are kept away from their own species. The second area of the zoo for children in the Farm-in-the-Zoo, presented by John Deere. This small farm contains pigs, cows, horses and other animals which can be found on farms. Children can feed and pet the animals. In addition, the cows are milked in public for children to see. Regenstein Center for African Apes is home to Keo, the oldest male chimpanzee in a North American zoo.

paragraphs: Near the southern end of Lincoln Park Zoo, one can rent a paddle boat for a spin around the Lincoln Park Lagoon. The Lagoon is surrounded by trees and offers a relaxing time (and, of course, paddling exercise). Kayakers and canoers also take to the lagoon and one can often see scullers as well.


title: Modern defence

paragraphs: The Modern defence is a chess opening. It is almost the only defence which can be played against any opening move; and it may be played as an opening move itself. It consists in the immediate fianchetto of the king's bishop (KB). The first moves might be:

paragraphs: The opening is hypermodern. Black does not occupy the centre, he counter-attacks the centre built up by his opponent. He will probably play ...d6 next, then develop his K-side, then perhaps counter-attack the white centre with ...c5. The system is extremely flexible, and there are many transpositions. There are players, including a few grandmasters, who play almost nothing but the Modern with white and black.


title: Bodybuilding

paragraphs: Bodybuilding is an activity where people build big muscles. It is a form of human body modification which uses intensive muscle hypertrophy.

paragraphs: An individual who engages in this activity is referred to as a "bodybuilder". In competitive bodybuilding, bodybuilders display their physiques to a panel of judges, who assign points based on their appearance.

paragraphs: The muscles are revealed through a process known as the "cutting phase" - a combination of fat loss, oils, and tanning which, combined with the lighting, make the definition of the muscle group more distinct.

paragraphs: Some people do bodybuilding full-time as a career choice. Bodybuilders train their body and then they pose when the competition starts.

paragraphs: Bodybuilders do not show their power or strength. They only show their muscular body. It is important to have every muscle build up. The person with the best muscles and pose will win the contest.

paragraphs: When Bodybuilders train they use very complex diet and training systems that will help them to achieve best results.

paragraphs: Some popular bodybuilders that were taking part in competitions include Arnold Schwarzenegger and Charles Atlas.


title: Kohei Yamamichi

paragraphs: Kohei Yamamichi (born 11 May 1980) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Tatsuomi Koishi

paragraphs: Tatsuomi Koishi (born 22 August 1977) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Gary Teale

paragraphs: Gary Teale (born 21 July 1978) is a Scottish football player. He plays for Derby County and Scotland national team.


title: Josip Skoko

paragraphs: Josip Skoko (born 10 December 1975) is an Australian football player. He plays for Hajduk Split.


title: Takuji Miyoshi

paragraphs: Takuji Miyoshi (born 20 August 1978) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Haruhiko Sato

paragraphs: Haruhiko Sato (born 27 June 1978) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Rikiya Kawamae

paragraphs: Rikiya Kawamae (born 20 August 1971) is a former Japanese football player.


Bunichiro Abe


title: Gabriel Paletta

paragraphs: Gabriel Paletta (born 15 February 1986) is an Argentine football player. He plays for Boca Juniors.


title: Omi Sato

paragraphs: Omi Sato (born 22 December 1975) is a former Japanese football player.


Daisuke Yano


title: Jermaine Pennant

paragraphs: Jermaine Pennant (born 15 January 1983) is an English footballer. He plays for Real Zaragoza.


title: Yuki Takabayashi

paragraphs: Yuki Takabayashi (born 22 May 1980) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Takumi Motohashi

paragraphs: Takumi Motohashi (born 3 August 1982) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Tochigi.


title: Titus Bramble

paragraphs: Titus Malachi Bramble (born 31 July 1981) is an English footballer.

paragraphs: He is at present without a club, having left Sunderland at the end of the 2012–2013 Premier League season. He played as a centre-back.

paragraphs: His brother Tesfaye Bramble used to be a footballer.


title: Mark González

paragraphs: Mark González (born 10 June 1984) is a Chilean football player. He plays for CSKA Moscow and Chile national team.


title: Takashi Furukawa

paragraphs: Takashi Furukawa (born 28 October 1981) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Kenta Shimaoka

paragraphs: Kenta Shimaoka (born 26 July 1973) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Jiro Yabe

paragraphs: Jiro Yabe (born 26 May 1978) is a Japanese football player.


title: Kenji Takagi

paragraphs: Kenji Takagi (born 13 May 1976) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Ice-nine

paragraphs: Ice-nine is a fictional material. It was invented by author Kurt Vonnegut in his novel, "Cat's Cradle". Ice-nine was a special type of ice that would freeze at higher temperatures than normal ice. When dropped into other bodies of water, it froze that, too, which resulted in all bodies of water on earth being frozen by Ice-nine.


title: Firlus

paragraphs: Firlus is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Papowo Biskupie, within Chełmno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.


title: Papowo Biskupie

paragraphs: Papowo Biskupie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Papowo Biskupie, within Chełmno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.


title: Folgowo

paragraphs: Folgowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Papowo Biskupie, within Chełmno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.


title: Dubielno

paragraphs: Dubielno is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Papowo Biskupie, within Chełmno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.


title: Falęcin, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship

paragraphs: Falęcin is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Papowo Biskupie, within Chełmno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.


title: Jeleniec

paragraphs: Jeleniec is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Papowo Biskupie, within Chełmno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.


title: Kucborek

paragraphs: Kucborek is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Papowo Biskupie, within Chełmno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.


title: Niemczyk

paragraphs: Niemczyk is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Papowo Biskupie, within Chełmno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.


title: Staw

paragraphs: Staw is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Papowo Biskupie, within Chełmno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.


title: Storlus

paragraphs: Storlus is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Papowo Biskupie, within Chełmno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.


title: Wrocławki

paragraphs: Wrocławki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Papowo Biskupie, within Chełmno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.


title: Zegartowice

paragraphs: Zegartowice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Papowo Biskupie, within Chełmno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.


title: Żygląd

paragraphs: Żygląd is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Papowo Biskupie, within Chełmno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.


title: 1 Esdras

paragraphs: 1 Esdras (Greek ˊ), Greek Ezra, is an ancient Greek version of the Biblical book of Ezra in use among ancient Jews, the early church, and many modern Christians with varying degrees of canonicity and a high historical usefulness.


title: British Railways Mark 2

paragraphs: British Rail's second design of carriages was called Mark 2. The Mark 2 has more strength than a Mark 1 in the event of an accident.


title: Potential National Hockey League expansion

paragraphs: The National Hockey League (NHL) has gone through many rounds of expansion and other organizational changes during its nearly 100-year history to reach its current number of thirty teams: twenty-three in the United States, and seven in Canada. On June 22, 2016 the NHL officially approved expansion to Las Vegas starting in the 2017–18 season. The new Las Vegas team was unveiled as the Vegas Golden Knights on November 22 of that year.


title: 4 Maccabees

paragraphs: The Book of 4 Maccabees is praises religious reason over passion. It was written in Greek in the first or second century AD. It is not in the Bible for most churches, but is an added section of the Greek Bible. It is found in the canon of the Georgian Bible.


title: Esdras

paragraphs: Esdras (Greek ) is a Greco-Latin variation of the name of the scribe Ezra. It is found in the titles of several books, associated with the scribe, that are in or related to the Bible.


title: NHL Conference Finals

paragraphs: The National Hockey League (NHL) Conference Finals are the Eastern Conference and Western Conference Championship series of the NHL. The Conference Finals are best-of-seven series. The two series are played in late May each year after the first and second rounds of the playoffs and before the Finals. The final two teams in the Eastern conference and Western Conference face off. The series are the conference equivalents of the Stanley Cup Finals.


paragraphs: The Jewish Publication Society of America Version (JPS 1917) of the Tanakh (the Hebrew Bible) was the first Bible translation published by the Jewish Publication Society of America and the first translation of the Tanakh into English by a group of Jews (though there had been earlier solo tries, such as that of Isaac Leeser). The full publication title is "The Holy Scriptures According to the Masoretic Text: A New Translation with the Aid of Previous Versions and with Constant Consultation of Jewish Authorities".


title: Prayer of Manasseh

paragraphs: The Prayer of Manasseh is a short work of 15 verses of the penitential prayer of the Judean king Manasseh. Manasseh is recorded in the Bible as one of the most idolatrous (2 Kings 21:1-18); however, after having been taken captive by the Assyrians, he prays for mercy (2 Chronicles 33:10-17) and turns from his ways of worshiping idols.


title: Patricio Rey y sus Redonditos de Ricota

paragraphs: Patricio Rey y Sus Redonditos de Ricota were a rock band from Argentina. This band originated in La Plata in 1976. Direct descendant of The Brotherhood of the Solar Flower, originally had no name or fixed members, but about 15 musicians took turns on the instruments. The three pillars are: Indio Solari (vocals), Beilinson Skay (guitar) and Carmen Castro 'The Black Poly "(manager and alma mater) who could add Richard Cohen," Rocambole ", something like the director artistic group. Skay Diplodocum had integrated along with his brother William Beilinson, Topo D'Aloisio, Isa Portugheis and Bernardo Rubaja.

paragraphs: Although music was always an essential part of the shows by Patricio Rey in the first presentations in theaters in La Plata numbers were put on stage plays and ballet, while ricotta redonditos true distributed among the public.

paragraphs: By the '78 are presented in theaters under the Capital. Between 1979 and 1980 the band distance: Poly Skay and move to Mar del Plata and Indian Valeria del Mar. As the custom implies, at the end of the year gathered to play together.

paragraphs: In 1981 he resumed the course of the pubs to get professional recording their first demo in 1982: "Baby, baby," "Pontiac", "Superlógico" and "Pure luck" was recorded in RCA issues, encompassing important in the FM broadcast from Buenos Aires. At that time also had joined the band of choristers Bay Bisquits (Vivi Tellas, Faithfull Marianne and Elizabeth Sebastian). Also involved the journalist Henry Symms, reciting monologues and the introduction of the show.

paragraphs: Journalist Gloria Guerrero published back in December 1982: "A is impartial, is not siding with anyone, but sometimes it's impossible. The group that interested me in recent times does a recital and I want to know. And because it is very difficult to find out otherwise, as these delusional punks do not advertise a horn nothing to do. The news "run" and the theaters are filled "(G.Guerrero in Humor, December 1982).

paragraphs: In December 1984 they recorded "Gulp", the first plate, in studies of MIA, with Lito Vitale as an operator and a guest musician. The money for this independent production came from a common pool formed by a percentage of the profits from each show. Commercial distribution was handled by the Black Poly. "If a producer wants to take Patrick King recordings, or whatever, is investing an amount. And to recoup what it spent to Patrick King must sell in a way that has absolutely nothing to do with what Patrick King wants to do "(Poly, in G.Guerrero p 80). Later sign a contract with the Distriubuidora Belgrano. Almost 8 years of his birth, The Round began to be known widely, with songs like "love versus lethal Bluebeard," "The beast pop" or "Yum fri fruli fali fruit."

paragraphs: "Oktubre" (1986), the second plate, throw ends of the masses. The press agrees: "It is a great album that requires input adjectives unreasonably", publishes CantaRock. The major hits were "Semen-Up" and "October Fires".

paragraphs: In early 1988, Walter Avalos Sidotti replace the battery. D'Aviero also departs. In November, migrating is Crook (joins Grandparents of Nothingness) and its place is Sergio Dawi. By then, the Round were praised almost devoutly.

paragraphs: "An eye for baiao idiot" is the title of the third album (1988), "which more accurately reflects the group's sound," the Indian and containing a signature song for them and their audience, "Let the Bands" .

paragraphs: "That was my star luxury," "The pabellum of a psychopath" and "Hero of whiskey" are the issues that stand in the next LP, "Bang! Bang!'re Settled!" (1989). On December 29, 1989, ten days after completing two works, occur in the same field hockey club, before 25,000 fans, hitherto unpublished figure for them. The 90 years spent with constant presentations in discothèques and Sanitary Works stage. This changed in part the relationship between band and audience. Many felt that occur in works consisted of a "betrayal" of the principles of non-peaked always compromise.

paragraphs: In April 1991 recur in works. Police arrested 40 people, including Walter is Bulacio, who after spending hours locked in a dungeon and 5 days in a coma, died in the midst of contradictory statements. The cover is changed from "grave injury death" a "suspicious death", but the culprits do not appear, despite rallies of repudiation. Since then, a new little song is taken up by the public: "I knew, I knew, police Bulacio killed him."

paragraphs: By the end of that year, Patrick King is presented again in works with the new board: "The Fly and the soup" (1991), which takes into

paragraphs: "My dog dynamite" and "A little French love" their most important issues.

paragraphs: The live album "Live" (1992) is a kind of "official pirate" by the same Skay. Includes recordings of shows carefully selected and remastered in America.

paragraphs: The popularity of the band is confirmed again in two presentations at the Municipal Exhibition Center, where he premiered new songs to 40 000 people. Patrick King then decided to release a double album with 25 tracks, entitled "Wolf Loose" / "Lamb tied" (1993). For the first time in his career, the Round will encourage a football stadium, two consecutive nights in Hurricane, with 80,000 spectators in total, are evidence of the acceptance of the disc.

paragraphs: Tars long months of silence, he announced a presentation at the city of San Carlos santafecina in August '95. To date the show, the hotel capacity was fully saturated and hordes of fans were installed in tents on the outskirts of the city. Two shows in a nightclub with a capacity of 3000 people which was completely filled.

paragraphs: In late December 1998, were presented at the Round Stadium Racing, for the presentation of "Last bondi Finisterre," the ninth album. Two shows with over 45,000 people each year with closed Patricio Rey near the Federal Capital, as long ago you could not enjoy.

paragraphs: This highly anticipated show in the middle of Buenos Aires finally took place on 15 and 16 April 2000 in River. With some incidents in the vicinity of the stadium, about 140,000 fans attended an event described by the press as "historic."

paragraphs: A year later, the Round will be presented at the Estadio Centenario in Montevideo, the first of the band outside of Argentina. And the August 4, 2001, at the Estadio Chateau Carreras, Cordoba, was the last live performance of the band.

paragraphs: The show was followed several months of silence, until finally, Black Poly Skay and announced that "at least for a while," Patrick King would remain silent. Then Skay announced the launch of his first solo album, called "Through the Sargasso Sea" and the same path followed by the Indian


title: Development of the New Testament canon

paragraphs: The Christian Biblical canon is the set of books in the Bible. Although the Early Church mostly used the Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible, the Septuagint or the Targums among Aramaic speakers, the Apostles did not otherwise leave a defined set of new scriptures. However Saint Peter in his letters does refer to Paul's writings, saying: 'the longsuffering of our Lord is salvation; even as our beloved brother Paul also according to the wisdom given unto him hath written unto you; as also in all his epistles, speaking in them of these things; in which are some things hard to be understood, which they that are unlearned and unstable wrest, as they do the other scriptures, unto their own destruction. (2 Peter 3:15-16) The New Testament as it is today was defined later by the church at the Synod of Hippo in 393 AD.


title: Peshitta

paragraphs: The Peshitta (Classical Syriac for "simple, common, straight, vulgate") is the standard version of the Syriac Bible.

paragraphs: The Old Testament of the Peshitta was translated from the Hebrew, probably in the 2nd century. The New Testament of the Peshitta, which originally excluded certain disputed books (2 Peter, 2 John, 3 John, Jude, Revelation), had become the standard by the early 5th century.


title: Rockumentary

paragraphs: A rockumentary is a documentary about rock music or its musicians. The word rockumentary is a combination (a portmanteau word) of the words "rock" and "documentary." Producer Bill Drake called the 1969 History of Rock & Roll radio broadcast a rockumentary.


title: The Band

paragraphs: The Band was a rock music band from 1964 to 1976 and again from 1983 to 1999. The original group was made up of four Canadians (Robbie Robertson, Richard Manuel, Garth Hudson, and Rick Danko) and one American, (Levon Helm).

paragraphs: This band was the subject of the 1978 movie The Last Waltz.


title: One Foot in Heaven

paragraphs: One Foot in Heaven is a 1941 biographical movie that was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture and was produced and directed by Irving Rapper. The movie was produced by Warner Bros. Pictures, distributed to theaters by RKO Radio Pictures and is based on the biography.


title: Adam Lambert

paragraphs: Adam Lambert (born January 29, 1982 in Indianapolis, Indiana) is an American pop rock singer-songwriter. He moved to San Diego when he was a baby. He is openly gay. He won the Young Hollywood Award for Artist of the Year in 2009. Lambert was runner-up on the eighth season of American Idol and is the first openly gay mainstream pop artist to launch a career on a major label in America. He is most famous for the album "For Your Entertainment" and the singles "Whataya Want from Me", "No Boundaries", and "If I Had U".

paragraphs: He worked with British band Queen since 2011. He is the lead singer for Queen + Adam Lambert.

paragraphs: Lambert was born in Indianapolis. His family moved to San Diego when he was little. He was raised Jewish. As a child, he participated in theater.

paragraphs: Lambert enrolled in Cal State Fullerton but left after 5 weeks to move to Los Angeles.


title: Cristobal Huet

paragraphs: Cristobal Huet (born January 13, 1973 in Saint-Martin-d'Hères, France) is a professional French ice hockey goaltender currently playing for the Fribourg-Gottéron of the Swiss National League A, on loan from the Chicago Blackhawks of the NHL. He is the first netminder and second player overall from France to play in the NHL.

paragraphs: In 2010 He won a Stanley Cup with the Chicago Blackhawks making him the first French-born NHL player to win a Stanley Cup although he was replaced from his starting goalie position by Antti Niemi.


title: The Hockey News

paragraphs: The Hockey News, commonly shortened to THN, is a North American ice hockey magazine published by Transcontinental. "The Hockey News" was created in 1947 by Ken McKenzie and Bill Côté, and has since been the most recognized hockey publication in North America. Over 225,000 people read each issue of the magazine, and the website has another two million people reading it.

paragraphs: A total of 34 regular versions are made every year. Another seven special magazines — the Season Opener, People of Power and Influence, Future Watch, Draft Preview, Season in Review, the Best of Everything in Hockey, and the Yearbook — are made every year as well. Most of the magazine is about the National Hockey League and written by local writers of the different teams. Other hockey leagues are also included, but they are discussed in less detail.


title: Majed Moqed

paragraphs: Majed Moqed (June 18, 1977 - September 11, 2001) was a hijacker of the American Airlines Flight 77 in the September 11 attacks.


title: Bill Masterton Memorial Trophy

paragraphs: The Bill Masterton Memorial Trophy is awarded every year to the National Hockey League player who best exemplifies the qualities of perseverance, sportsmanship, and dedication to ice hockey. The winner is selected by a vote of the "Professional Hockey Writers' Association" after each team selects one player on their team to be voted on. It is often awarded to a player who has come back from career- or even life-threatening illness or injury. A player can receive this trophy only once in his career.

paragraphs: The trophy is named in honour of Bill Masterton, a Minnesota North Stars player who died on January 15, 1968, after sustaining an injury during a hockey game. During his playing career, Masterton showed "to a high degree the qualities of perseverance, sportsmanship, and dedication to hockey". It was first awarded following the 1967–68 regular season. As of the end of the 2008–09 NHL season, players for the Montreal Canadiens, New York Rangers and Boston Bruins have won the trophy 4 times each, while the Los Angeles Kings have won 3 times.


title: Yoshinori Matsuda

paragraphs: Yoshinori Matsuda (born 14 August 1974) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Daisuke Watanabe

paragraphs: Daisuke Watanabe (born 26 July 1978) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Hiroshi Moriyasu

paragraphs: Hiroshi Moriyasu (born 29 January 1972) is a former Japanese football player.


Koji Fujikawa


title: Shinsuke Shimabukuro

paragraphs: Shinsuke Shimabukuro (born 13 January 1983) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Masaharu Kawahara

paragraphs: Masaharu Kawahara (born 30 May 1984) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Kamatamare Sanuki.


title: The Advocate (Australia)

paragraphs: The Advocate is a newspaper that is printed in northwest Tasmania. Tasmania is a state of Australia. It is read by people in northwest Tasmanian towns such as Burnie, Ulverstone, Devonport, Penguin, Wynyard, Latrobe and Smithton. Since 2008 it is owned by Fairfax Media.

paragraphs: On October 1, 1890, Robert Harris and his sons, Robert and Charles, printed the first issue of "The Wellington Times". This was Burnie’s first newspaper. Burnie is a major town in northwest Tasmania.

paragraphs: "The Wellington Times" was named after the county in which Burnie and Emu Bay were located. It was first published only on Wednesdays and Saturdays. There were about 2000 copies printed.

paragraphs: The original Burnie "Wellington Times" office in 1890 was in Cattley Street. Ten people worked there. In 1892, "The Wellington Times" was printed three times a week, on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday. On November 2, 1897, the name was changed to "The Emu Bay Times".

paragraphs: The success of the newspaper encouraged the owners to add operations in Devonport. On January 4, 1899 The North Western Advocate and Agricultural and a Mining Gazette was produced.

paragraphs: The separate publication of the two newspapers lasted only 11 months. On November 13, 1899 the two newspapers were joined to become a daily newspaper called "The North Western Advocate and The Emu Bay Times".

paragraphs: In 1902, a new building had been built in Mount Street, Burnie, at the present (2010) site. Then there were 26 people working there. In the last decade of the 19th century, the northwest and west coast had a number of daily newspapers. By 1920, "The Advocate" was the only one left.

paragraphs: In the 1950s, "The Advocate" was one of the first daily newspapers in Australia to use colour in advertisements. In 1968, it was the first daily newspaper in Australia to be printed on a web-offset press. Over the three years from 1993 to 1996, "The Advocate" began a technology development programme that resulted in computer based full-page negative output on October 1, 1996.

paragraphs: In 2004, "The Advocate" became the third largest regional daily newspaper of Rural Press. That ended the involvement of the Harris family for the first time since it began.

paragraphs: In 2008, Rural Press became part of Fairfax Media, one of Australia’s largest media businesses. "The Advocate" was the only daily newspaper covering all areas of northwest and western Tasmania.


title: Taro Sugahara

paragraphs: Taro Sugahara (born 14 June 1981) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Blaublitz Akita.


title: Koki Habata

paragraphs: Koki Habata (born 22 July 1983) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Ryohei Nishiwaki

paragraphs: Ryohei Nishiwaki (born 1 August 1979) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Choi Chung-min

paragraphs: Choi Chung-Min (born 30 August 1930 - died 1983) is a former South Korean football player. He has played for Korea Republic national team.


title: Gary Stevens

paragraphs: Gary Stevens (born 27 March 1963) is an English former football player. He has played for England national team.


title: Finidi George

paragraphs: Finidi George (born 15 April 1971) is a former Nigerian football player. He has played for Nigeria national team.


title: Moabe Platini Dias Ramos

paragraphs: Moabe Platini Dias Ramos (born 22 June 1987) is a Brazilian football player.


title: Mitsutoshi Watada

paragraphs: Mitsutoshi Watada (born 26 March 1976) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Motoki Kawasaki

paragraphs: Motoki Kawasaki (born 2 February 1979) is a Japanese football player. He plays for V-Varen Nagasaki.


Naohiro Tamura


title: Jefferson Vieira da Cruz

paragraphs: Jefferson Vieira da Cruz (born 3 July 1981) is a Brazilian football player.


title: Paul Anderson

paragraphs: Paul Anderson (born 23 July 1988) is an English footballer. He plays for Nottingham Forest.


title: Fábio Aurélio

paragraphs: Fábio Aurélio (born 24 September 1979) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Liverpool.


Masanao Sasaki


title: Leyden jar

paragraphs: The Leyden jar (or Leiden jar) is a device for storing static electricity. It is large glass bottle, usually lined on both the inside and the outside with some type of metal foil. Some of the early ones had water inside. They allow the experimenter to collect a large amount of charge.

paragraphs: They are the first form of electrical storage. These methods are known today as 'condensers' or 'capacitors'.

paragraphs: The first electrical storage jar was created by Dean Edwald von Kleist on 11 October 1745. He was the dean of the cathedral of Cammin in Pomerania, on the north coast of Germany (at that time a separate country). He was interested to find whether static electricity could be stored in a bottle, because he knew that electricity could not pass through glass. He thought he might be able to capture and hold a small amount. He only had a small experimental friction generator.

paragraphs: He underestimated how much electricity a small medicine bottle could hold by thousands of times. A peculiarity of electricity allows it to continue flowing into the bottle provided the outside of the bottle has an electrically conductive surface connected to the earth. This neutralises the pressure from the charge trying to flow back out.

paragraphs: In von Kleist's case, this electrically conductive surface was just his hand, but it was enough to allow a very substantial charge to enter and remain in the jar through a nail he had driven through the cork.

paragraphs: When he accidentally touched the nail, he received such a shock that it threw him across the room. He had made a connection between the inside charge and the accumulated outside charge, and since these were opposite signs (one positive and the other negative) all the accumulated charge flowed through his body.

paragraphs: He didn't understand why this jar stored so efficiently, but he send a scrambled description to some associates in Berlin, and one copy was sent on to von Klein's old university associate Andreas Cunaeus where it ended up in the hands of Pieter van Musschenbroek, who was the University of Leyden's main physics professor. He worked out that the storage capacity was vastly improved only if the flask was held in the hand, and his letter to scientist in France gave the jar the name "Leyden jar".

paragraphs: For many years the Leyden jar was the main tool of electrical storage, and it remained so until the invention of a chemical battery and electrical generators of the type we use today.


title: Seo Jung-won

paragraphs: Seo Jung-Won (born 17 December 1970) is a South Korean professional athlete. He is best known as an association football player. He was a member of the Korea Republic national team.


title: Hakan Şükür

paragraphs: Hakan Şükür (born 1 September 1971) is a former Turkish football player. He has played for Turkey national team.

paragraphs: He has been member of parliament at Republic of Turkey


title: Maciej Żurawski

paragraphs: Maciej Stanisław Żurawski (born 12 September 1976) is a Polish football player. He has played for Poland national team.


title: Agustín Ross Park

paragraphs: Agustín Ross Park is a park in Agustín Ross Avenue, in front of the old Ross Casino, in Pichilemu. It is a National Monument of Chile.

paragraphs: The original park boasts 100-year-old native Chilean palms ("Phoenix canariensis") and many green spaces, and its recent restoration has made it into an attractive walking destination. The majority of the grand houses in the park are in use as private homes.

paragraphs: Both the park and the former casino were named National Monuments on February 25, 1988.

paragraphs: The Park was severely damaged after the 2010 Pichilemu earthquake, destroying all the balaustrades around the park.


title: Therapy dog

paragraphs: Therapy dogs are dogs used to comfort people who are ill or disabled. They sometimes visit people who are in hospitals or nursing homes.


title: VMU

paragraphs: The Sega Dreamcast VMU is a memory card made just for the Sega Dreamcast machine that plays video games. It is put in slot one or two on the Sega Dreamcast controller. It can save games, backgrounds and other extra features for the Sega Dreamcast. Also, it can save minigames that can be played on the remote itself running on a battery using D-pad, A, B, start, and select buttons. The games are shown on a small screen on the controller. (This screen usually shows pictures and game statistics when playing on the Dreamcast).


title: Suffer (album)

paragraphs: Suffer is the third album by American punk rock band Bad Religion. It was released on the Californian independent record label Epitaph Records on September 8, 1988. It was the first album that was both made and sold by the label.

paragraphs: After the release of the EP "Back to the Known" (1985), the band set some time apart to rest. Later, the original members got back together and went to work on its first full-length studio album in five years.

paragraphs: Similar to their next album "No Control" (1989), many people consider "Suffer" to be one of the best punk albums of the 1980s. The album became Epitaph's best-selling album for a number of years, until the release of The Offspring's popular "Smash" album in 1994. A large number of third-wave punk bands cite this album as a big influence on their work. NOFX's Fat Mike has called it "the record that changed everything."

paragraphs: The album cover shows a drawing of a teenager on fire. He is wearing a t-shirt of Bad Religion's crossbuster logo that was designed by Jerry Mahoney. The person on the cover is used by the band as a mascot. "Boy on Fire" is the mascot's name. It can also be seen on Bad Religion accessories, including t-shirts. The cover art was also made fun of for NOFX's "Surfer" EP, which showed a surfer on fire.


title: No Control

paragraphs: No Control is the fourth album by American punk rock band Bad Religion, released on the Californian independent record label Epitaph Records on November 2, 1989. It was the follow-up to the band's highly acclaimed reunion album "Suffer".

paragraphs: Like the previous Bad Religion album, many people consider "No Control" to be one of the best punk albums of the 1980s, while some consider it to be the band's finest effort, featuring "Change of Ideas", "No Control", "I Want to Conquer the World", "Big Bang" and "You", all of which are staples of their live show to this day.

paragraphs: Stylistically, "No Control" is a faster album than its predecessor, owing more to hardcore punk.


title: Greg Graffin

paragraphs: Gregory Walter Graffin, Ph.D. (born November 6, 1964 at Racine, Wisconsin), better known to the public as Greg Graffin, is the vocalist and a songwriter of Bad Religion, which he co-founded in 1980 and is the band's only constant member, even though it now features two of their original members, guitarist Brett Gurewitz (who left and rejoined the band twice) and bassist Jay Bentley (who left in 1982, but returned in 1986). Graffin obtained his Ph.D. at Cornell University and has lectured courses in life sciences and paleontology at the University of California, Los Angeles. He's also a solo artist, having released "American Lesion" in 1997 and "Cold as the Clay" in 2006.


title: Jay Bentley

paragraphs: Jay Dee Bentley (born June 6, 1964 in Wichita, Kansas) is the bassist and co-founding member of the punk rock band Bad Religion. He has played with the band through its whole existence with a small break between 1982 and 1986. He continues to perform and record with Bad Religion today.


title: Stranger Than Fiction

paragraphs: Stranger Than Fiction is the eighth album by American punk rock band Bad Religion, released in 1994. This was their first album released on the major label Atlantic Records (however Atlantic did re-release their previous album, "Recipe for Hate") and also its last release with guitarist Brett Gurewitz, who left just prior to the 1994-1995 world tour, but returned to the band seven years later. On tour, Gurewitz was replaced by Brian Baker, who would stay with the band permanently.

paragraphs: Because of sales continuing sixteen years after its release, many consider "Stranger Than Fiction" to be one of Bad Religion's most successful albums, featuring two of their famous hits, "Infected" and the re-recorded version of "21st Century (Digital Boy)", which both earned airplay on MTV and radio stations, such as KROQ. The latter single was originally recorded in 1990 on their fifth album "Against the Grain". The album included two more, "Stranger Than Fiction" and "Incomplete", which failed to make any national chart.

paragraphs: As of 2010, "Stranger Than Fiction" remains the only Bad Religion record to get gold status in the United States.


title: Woodstock (movie)

paragraphs: Woodstock is a 1970 American documentary movie. This movie is about the Woodstock music festival. The Woodstock festival took place in August 1969 at Bethel, New York, USA. Michael Wadleigh directed this movie. Martin Scorsese and Thelma Schoonmaker edited this movie. Schoonmaker was nominated for an Academy Award for Film Editing. This movie received the Academy Award for Documentary Feature, and a nomination for Best Sound. The movie was also shown at the 1970 Cannes Film Festival. The Official Director's Cut is 225 minutes long and was released in 1994.

paragraphs: These musicians performed these songs at the Woodstock festival. The movie shows these songs in this order:

paragraphs: "* studio recording from an album by the artist"

paragraphs: "** director's cut only, not in the original theatrical release"

paragraphs: These musicians performed at the Woodstock festival but were not shown in the movie:


title: Battle of the Alamo

paragraphs: The Battle of the Alamo took place in 1836 at the Alamo in what is now San Antonio, Texas, which is now in the United States. At the time, Texas belonged to Mexico, but many people in Texas wanted it to leave Mexico and become a new country. Over 100 of these people, including former Congressman Davy Crockett, were in the Alamo, which was a mission (which is like a church) when a Mexican army of several thousand, led by General Antonio López de Santa Anna, arrived. For 13 days, the Mexican army surrounded the Alamo, then attacked on March 6, 1836. All 187 of the men from Texas were killed.

paragraphs: General Sam Houston felt that holding San Antonio was unnecessary and impossible. Houston sent Jim Bowie with orders to destroy the Alamo and return with all of the men and artillery stationed there. Bowie went against his orders, thinking he needed to defend the city, and failed.


title: Adrian Edmondson

paragraphs: Adrian Charles "Ade" Edmondson (24 January 1957) is in English actor and comedian. He is best known for his roles as Vyvyan Basterd in TV series The Young Ones and Eddie Hitler in Bottom.

paragraphs: Since 2006 Edmondson has worked more on music instead of acting. He made the band The Bad Shepherds and performs and writes for the Bonzo Dog Doo Dah Band.

paragraphs: Edmonson was born in Bradford, West Riding of Yorkshire. He is married to comedienne Jennifer Saunders. They have three daughters.

paragraphs: Played by Adrian Edmondson, Vyvyan is a psychotic punk metal medical student. He has orange-dyed & spiked hair and four metal stars seemingly embedded into his forehead. In the episode "Interesting", he drinks a pint of blue liquid which makes his hair fall out and the number 666 is visible on the side of his head. He is extremely violent and regularly attacks Neil and Rick with pieces of wood, cricket bats and other large objects. He never harms Mike, whom he respects, and often addresses as "Michael". He despises Rick more than he does Neil - when Rick, Mike and Neil meet his mother at a bar in the episode "Boring", he calls both Neil and Mike his friends, but not Rick, whom he refers to as "a complete bastard." Ironically, this antagonistic relationship between Rick and Vyvyan makes them virtually inseparable, as the two spend by far more time together than with the other housemates. Unlike Neil and Rick, Vyvyan appears to come from a working-class background (something Rick incorrectly believes himself to have).

paragraphs: Vyvyan owns a Glaswegian hamster named Special Patrol Group ("SPG" for short) whom he is very fond of, although SPG is also frequently subjected to Vyvyan's extreme violence, although it is usually provoked, such as when SPG bit Vyvyan in "Flood" or plugging in the TV after Vyvyan swallowed it in "Bomb". His mother is a barmaid and former shoplifter, who before "Boring" had not seen Vyvyan in ten years and has no idea who his father is.

paragraphs: Vyvyan occasionally displays feats of superhuman strength (surviving a pickaxe through his head, moving entire walls with his bare hands, lifting Neil above his head in a fight with Rick, biting through a brick and even being decapitated and re-attaching his own head) and eats just about anything: televisions, dead rats, caviar and cornflakes with ketchup.

paragraphs: In "Bambi" Vyvyan displays impressive mathematical talent (working out instantly that he has worn his three pairs of knickers 269 times each since their last wash), yet also that he cannot tell the time, although he was earlier able to point out that it was midnight without any difficulty.

paragraphs: In the episode "Flood", he develops a potion to transform a person into an axe-wielding homicidal maniac (he claims "it's basically a cure... for not being an axe-wielding homicidal maniac... the potential market's enormous!"). He has more friends than the others but apparently "he doesn't like any of them." He frequently causes havoc or damage such as wiring the doorbell to a bomb to "pep it up a bit" and adding a small car engine to the vacuum cleaner as previously it "looked a bit on the tentative side" - which then proceeds to suck up the carpet, the floorboards and a friend of Neil's (the vacuum also prompted one of the few clashes between Vyvyan and Mike; when Mike admonished Vyv not to use it anymore, Vyv replied by calling him a "poof").

paragraphs: Vyvyan is the only member of the group to own a car - a yellow Ford Anglia with red flames painted along the sides, although he is not the only house member who can drive - during Summer Holiday Rick is briefly seen driving the stolen double decker bus.

paragraphs: Edmonson is married to comedian Jennifer Saunders and they have three daughters, Ella, Beattie and Freya. They have houses in Devon and London.

paragraphs: Edmondson is a supporter and current season ticket holder of League 2 football team Exeter City F.C..


title: Eugen Sandow

paragraphs: Eugen(e) Sandow (April 2, 1867 in Köningsberg – October 14, 1925 in London), born Friedrich Wilhelm Müller, was a Prussian who pioneered bodybuilding in 19th century and was often referred to as the "Father of Modern Bodybuilding".

paragraphs: Sandow's resemblance to the physiques found on classical Greek and Roman sculpture was no accident, as he measured the statues in museums and helped to develop "The Grecian Ideal" as a formula for the "perfect physique." Sandow built his physique to the exact proportions of his Grecian Ideal, and is considered the 'father of modern bodybuilding, as one of the first athletes to intentionally develop his musculature to pre-determined dimensions. In his books "Strength and How to Obtain It" and "Sandow's System of Physical Training", Sandow laid out specific prescriptions of weights and repetitions in order to achieve his ideal proportions.


title: Naoki Naruo

paragraphs: Naoki Naruo (born 5 October 1974) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Koichiro Katafuchi

paragraphs: Koichiro Katafuchi (born 29 April 1975) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Takashi Uemura

paragraphs: Takashi Uemura (born 2 December 1973) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Satoshi Miyagawa

paragraphs: Satoshi Miyagawa (born 24 March 1977) is a former Japanese football player.


Takashi Okuhara


title: Kotaro Nakao

paragraphs: Kotaro Nakao (born 8 June 1969) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Yoshiro Nakamura

paragraphs: Yoshiro Nakamura (born 17 October 1979) is a Japanese football player.


title: Kenta Kano

paragraphs: Kenta Kano (born 2 May 1986) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Yokohama F. Marinos.


title: Miguel Monteiro

paragraphs: Miguel Monteiro (born 4 January 1980) is a Portuguese football player. He plays for Valencia and Portugal national team.


title: Geremi Njitap

paragraphs: Geremi Njitap (born 20 December 1978) is a Cameroonian football player. He plays for Ankaragücü and Cameroon national team.


title: Tetsuharu Yamaguchi

paragraphs: Tetsuharu Yamaguchi (born 8 September 1977) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Marcelo Rosada Silva

paragraphs: Marcelo Rosada Silva (born 29 January 1976) is a former Brazilian football player.


title: Yasuhide Ihara

paragraphs: Yasuhide Ihara (born 8 March 1973) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Kosei Kitauchi

paragraphs: Kosei Kitauchi (born 25 April 1974) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Washington Luiz Pereira dos Santos

paragraphs: Washington Luiz Pereira dos Santos (born 10 April 1975) is a former Brazilian football player.


title: Scatman John

paragraphs: John Paul Larkin (known as Scatman John) (born March 6 1942 in El Monte, California – died December 3, 1999 in Los Angeles, California) was an American jazz musician and singer. His most popular song is ""Scatman (Ski Ba Bop Ba Dop Bop)"". Scatman John was named "Best New Artist" in the Echo Awards in both Japan and Germany. He had a stammer and won an American Speech-Language-Hearing Association's Annie Glenn Award for outstanding service to the stuttering community.

paragraphs: Scatman John died on December 3, 1999 in Los Angeles, California from lung cancer.

paragraphs: Scatman John released 4 albums over his career:


title: Kiyohiro Hirabayashi

paragraphs: Kiyohiro Hirabayashi (born 4 June 1984) is a former Japanese football player.


title: Akira Komatsu

paragraphs: Akira Komatsu (born 3 April 1962) is a former Japanese football player.


F.C. Gifu


Kataller Toyama


Roasso Kumamoto


title: Tochigi S.C.

paragraphs:
The club was founded in 1953.
In 2010, the team included


Fagiano Okayama


title: Giravanz Kitakyushu

paragraphs: The club was founded in 1973 as a member of the Kyushu League.


title: Irvine, California

paragraphs: Irvine () is a city in Orange County, California, United States. It is a planned city, mostly made by the Irvine Company since the 1960s. The city was formally incorporated on December 28, 1971. The 69.7 square mile (180.5 km) city has a population of about 212,793 (as of January 1, 2009). It has united in the past a green belt or greenbelt is a policy and land use designation used in land use planning to retain areas of largely undeveloped area to the north, and has also united the former "El Toro Marine Corps Air Station", most of which is planned to be converted into the "Orange County Great Park".

paragraphs: The University of California, the highest level of the state's public higher education system, has a campus in Irvine.

paragraphs: Irvine is part of the Greater Los Angeles Area.


title: Fault (geology)

paragraphs: A fault is a fracture, or break, in the Earth's crust (lithosphere). Some faults are active. Here, sections of rock move past each other. This sometimes makes earthquakes.

paragraphs: Faulting occurs when shear stress on a rock overcomes the forces which hold it together. The fracture itself is called a "fault plane". When it is exposed at the Earth's surface, it may form a cliff or steep slope called a "fault scarp".

paragraphs: The angle between the fault plane and an imaginary horizontal plane is called the "dip angle" of the fault. Faults may dip shallowly or steeply.

paragraphs: Faults are categorized into three types:


title: Bible translations

paragraphs: The Bible has been translated into many languages. It was originally written in the languages of Aramaic and Hebrew (Old Testament) and Greek (New Testament).

paragraphs: The Latin Vulgate was common in Western Christianity through the Middle Ages. Since then, the Bible has been translated into many more languages. Translations of the Bible into English have a rich and varied history of more than a millennium. Extensive translations into Middle English began in the 14th century with the work of John Wycliffe and his associates. It was fiercely opposed by the Roman Catholic Church. The authorized King James Version later became the standard translation into English.


title: Darts

paragraphs: Darts is a type of throwing game where darts are thrown towards a circular target held on a wall. The circular target is called the dartboard. Darts is most liked in the United Kingdom (which was the first country to call darts a sport), mainly in England, and is a pub game. Darts was first played around the 1870s. Until 1930s all dart boards were made out of wood that had to be soaked in water day before.

paragraphs: A normal board is 17 and three-quarter inches in diameter and split into 20 sections, plus there are two circles in the middle, an outer ring and a triple ring (the ring halfway from the bull). Throwing the dart on the green ring (known as the "single bull") scores 25 points and the red spot (the "bull") scores 50 points. The 20 sections around the outside of the two circles each have a number from 1 to 20. The outer ring scores double the points and the triple ring scores triple. The highest score that can be made by throwing three darts in one round is 180. This is where all three darts hit the triple 20.

paragraphs: The 20 numbers are arranged in a random order, and is still the order in the present day. From the top number clockwise, the numbers go 20, 1, 18, 4, 13, 6, 10, 15, 2, 17, 3, 19, 7, 16, 8, 11, 14, 9, 12 and 5.


title: Aerobics

paragraphs: Aerobics or rhythmic fitness is a physical exercise performed under a rhythmic music. It includes running, jumping, stretching and strength training routines. It may be practiced in a group setting led by an instructor, although it can be done solo and without musical accompaniment.

paragraphs: Aerobics classes may allow participants to select their level of participation according to their fitness level. Many gyms offer a wide variety of aerobic classes for participants to take. Each class is designed for a certain level of experience and taught by a certified instructor with a specialty area related to their particular class.

paragraphs: Jogging and cycling similarly promote aerobic fitness, but they are not usually done in classes led by instructors or with music, hence are not "aerobics".


title: California Polytechnic State University

paragraphs: The California Polytechnic State University is a public university. It is in the city of San Luis Obispo, California, United States. The university is one of 23 campuses affiliated with the California State University system. California Polytechnic State University offers 70 degree programs in many disciplines like engineering, science, architecture, and many others. The university covers 9,678 acres and it is near the metropolitan city of Los Angeles.

paragraphs: California Polytechnic State University was founded in 1901

paragraphs: California Polytechnic State University student-athletes play sports against other universities using the name "Cal Poly Mustangs". The university is a member of the NCAA Division I. Most of the school's teams play in the Big West Conference; the football team plays in the Big Sky Conference. The official colors of the university and its athletic teams are green and gold.


title: Pennywise

paragraphs: Pennywise is an American melodic hardcore band. They formed in Hermosa Beach, California in 1988. The band is named after the monster from It, Stephen King's novel of the same title. Pennywise's most successful line-up, which remained together for 13 years (from 1996 to 2009), consisted of Jim Lindberg (vocals), Fletcher Dragge (guitars), Randy Bradbury (bass) and Byron McMackin (drums). They kept their original line-up until original bassist Jason Thirsk killed himself in 1996, because he had issues with his alcoholism. After that Bradbury replaced him. In August 2009, Lindberg left Pennywise and was replaced by Ignite singer Zoli Téglás.

paragraphs: Pennywise has released nine studio albums. After releasing two EPs in 1989, the band signed to Epitaph Records (a label owned by Bad Religion's Brett Gurewitz) in 1990. Their two first albums were not very successful. Pennywise's next album, "About Time", became a mainstream success. It was the band's first album to appear on the top 100 on the "Billboard" music chart and chart outside the United States. By this time, a number of punk bands, such as Bad Religion, Green Day, The Offspring, Rancid and NOFX, had hit the mainstream, but Pennywise did not want to be signed to a major label. When Bradbury joined in 1996 following Thrisk's death, Pennywise made even more popular albums and eventually became celebrities.

paragraphs: Their best known song is Bro Hymn form their self-titled debut album. After Thirsk's death, the band made a new version of this song as a tribute to Jason Thirsk which appeared on "Full Circle".

paragraphs: "A Word from the Wise" and "Wildcard" were both repackaged in the 1992 compilation album "Wildcard/A Word from the 'Wise".


title: About Time

paragraphs: About Time is the third studio album by Pennywise, released on June 13, 1995.

paragraphs: While the album was not a commercial success, it is considered by some critics to be one of Pennywise's best releases, and it includes their concert staples, "Peaceful Day", "Perfect People", "Every Single Day", and "Same Old Story". "About Time" was also the first Pennywise album to chart in Billboard. Most of the album follows the theme of problems with time: fear of it passing, controlling it and accepting it.

paragraphs: "About Time" was also the last Pennywise album to feature bass player Jason Thirsk, who committed suicide on July 29, 1996. After debating whether to break up, or to continue on with a new bass player, Pennywise decided to hire a new bassist, Randy Bradbury, who would stay with the band permanently.


title: Come Out and Play

paragraphs: "Come Out and Play" (or "Come Out and Play (Keep 'Em Separated)") is a song by the Californian punk rock group The Offspring. It was released as the first single from the album "Smash" (1994). It was also the first major single to be released by the band. It is considered to be their breakthrough song, as it received widespread radio play, and reached number one on the "Billboard" Modern Rock Tracks chart.