title: Junipero Serra

paragraphs: Junípero Serra y Ferrer (November 24, 1713 – August 28, 1784) was a Franciscan friar most well known for founding the first 9 California missions. He was from Majorca in Spain. He was a teacher of philosophy in Spain and Mexico in the 1740s.

paragraphs: In 1768, Serra became head of the missionaries in Baja California, and started the first and only Franciscan mission there. Soon after that, he started Mission San Diego de Alcala, the first Spanish mission in Alta California (now the state of California). Serra started nine missions in Alta California.

paragraphs: He was head of the California missions, and was based in Monterey. There is a statue of him in Statuary Hall in the Capitol, where he represents California. He was beatified by Pope John Paul II in 1988 and canonized (made a saint) in 2015 by Pope Francis. Serra is often called the "Father of California" due to the role of the missions in establishing European rule in what is now the state of California. However, some people are now criticizing him for the way he treated Native Americans.

paragraphs: Junipero Serra was born in Petra, a village on Majorca in the Balearic Islands. His name at birth was Miquel Josep Serra i Ferrer, which is Catalan.

paragraphs: At age 17, Serra joined the Franciscan order of monks.

paragraphs: Serra often punished himself in order to cleanse his soul of sins. He whipped himself.

paragraphs: On July 1, 1769, Serra arrived in what is now San Diego. He started Mission San Diego de Alcala. A mission is a religious community where the Spanish taught the Native people about their religion, Catholicism.

paragraphs: Serra started a total of nine missions. They are:

paragraphs: These missions were an important part of Spanish rule because if a mission was built in a place, it would be harder for other European countries to claim that land for themselves.

paragraphs: In these missions, the Native Americans were taught European ways. They learned how to speak Spanish and the basics of the Catholic faith. They also farmed and made things such as candles and clothes. However, some Native Americans did not like living in the missions. They thought the Spanish were treating them wrong and they fought back.

paragraphs: Serra died at Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo in what is now Carmel-by-the-Sea, California. He is buried there. People go to his grave to pray in his name.

paragraphs: Serra was beatified by Pope John Paul II in 1988. When he was beatified, it means that the Catholic Church recognizes that he went to heaven and can intercede on behalf of people who pray in his name. He was also now called "Blessed." However, he was not a saint yet because beatification is step 3 out of the 4 steps of becoming a saint in the Catholic Church.

paragraphs: In 2015, Pope Francis canonized Serra. That means that he is now officially recognized as a saint in the Catholic Church and has his own feast day (July 1 in the United States, August 28 everywhere else). July 1 is his feast day in America to honor the day he arrived in San Diego.

paragraphs: There are many statues of Junipero Serra in California. There are also many places named after him, such as schools and roads.

paragraphs: People have criticized Junipero Serra for his treatment of the Native people who live in what is now the state of California. They said that he beat them up and didn't allow them to practice their own cultures and religions. However, other people say that Serra did a lot of good things for the Native people. Unlike other Europeans at the time, he thought that the Native Californians had souls. He also taught them how to read and write.

paragraphs: In 2020, many statues of Junipero Serra were damaged and pulled down. Other statues of him have been removed and put away. These events have taken place in light of the George Floyd protests, when people were working to end racism in American society.


title: Preludes (Chopin)

paragraphs: Preludes, Op. 28 is a collection of 24 short musical works for solo piano, written by Frédéric Chopin between 1837 and 1838 and published in the middle of 1839, just after the composer's winter stay on the isle of Majorca with George Sand.

paragraphs: Chopin was greatly influenced by Johann Sebastian Bach when he wrote these preludes. Each of the works in the collection is in a different major or minor key, with not one being left out, just like Bach's 24 preludes and fugues in "The Well-Tempered Clavier". But unlike Bach, Chopin arranges the preludes in order through the circle of fifths. The first prelude in the set is in C major, the next in A minor, then G major, E minor, and so on, until the last two, which are in F major and finally D minor.

paragraphs: The "Preludes" are all very different. Many are very short (they take only about one minute each to play), so the atmosphere changes quickly, and this can make the overall structure seem out of place. Artists have recorded the entire set of preludes on CDs, and they are often performed in concerts as well.

paragraphs: One of the well-known pieces from the "Preludes" is Prelude No. 15, in D-flat major and nicknamed "Raindrop". This nickname refers to the monotonous repetition of one note in the accompaniment. It reminded early music lovers of the dripping of raindrops. Another well-known number is Prelude No. 4, in E minor, with its melancholy descending chords in the accompaniment.

paragraphs: Besides the 24 preludes of Op. 28, Chopin would write three more preludes, Op. 45 in C-sharp minor (composed in 1841), one in A-flat major (1834), and the so-called "Devil's Trill" Prelude, in E-flat minor, which Chopin never ended up finishing.


title: Union Kleinmünchen Linz

paragraphs: Union Kleinmünchen Linz is a women soccer club from Linz, Upper Austria. It was founded in 1980 and was the first club, which is a pure women soccer club. The colours of the team are red and white.

paragraphs: The club was founded in 1980 and started playing in the highest league. From 1980 till 2008 they played each season in the highest class. The season 2008/09 they played for the first time in the 2. league but next season (2009/10) they could reach the championship and were promoted to the ÖFB-Frauenliga.


title: Symphony No. 6 "Pastorale" (Beethoven)

paragraphs: Symphony No. 6 in F major, Op. 68 (Pastorale) is a symphony by Ludwig van Beethoven. The composer began making sketches for the symphony in 1806. The symphony was completed in 1808 in the village of Heiligenstadt northwest of Vienna. It was first performed in Vienna, Austria on 22 December 1808 in the Theater an der Wien with the premieres of the Symphony No. 5 in C minor, the Piano Concerto No. 4 in G major, the "Choral" Fantasy, "Ah! perfido!" (a concert aria composed in 1796), and excerpts from the Mass in C major of 1807.

paragraphs: There are five movements in the symphony. The movements in order are allegro ma non troppo ("Joyful Feelings Upon Arriving in the Country"), andante molto mosso ("By the Brook"), allegro ("Peasant Merrymaking"), allegro ("The Thunderstorm"), and allegretto ("The Shepherd's Song After the Storm"). The first movement is in sonata form. It is placid and cheerful. It depicts the composer's feelings as he arrives in the country. The second movement is in sonata form. Beethoven helpfully identified the bird species in the score: nightingale (flute), quail (oboe) and cuckoo (clarinet). The third movement is the scherzo movement of the symphony. It depicts the country folk dancing and it ends unexpectedly when the country folk notice that raindrops are starting to fall. The fourth movement depicts a violent thunderstorm, starting with just a few drops of rain and building to a climax. There is, of course, thunder, as well as lightning, high winds, and sheets of rain. The finale is in sonata rondo form. The first eight bars form a continuation of the introduction of which the storm was the main part; the finale proper begins in the ninth bar.


title: Australasia

paragraphs: Australasia is one of the world's great geographical regions. It is unified in natural history and geology because of its ancient origin as part of the supercontinent Gondwana. It is the geographical area which contains the Australasian ecozone.

paragraphs: Its islands are all south-east of the Bali–Lombok line, known as the Wallace Line, after Alfred Russel Wallace. The main political entities are Australia, Indonesia and New Zealand. The main islands are:

paragraphs: Australasia's region is Oceania. It includes Australia, New Zealand, the island of New Guinea, and neighbouring islands in the Pacific Ocean.


title: Salzburger AK 1914

paragraphs: The Salzburger AK 1914 is a football club from Salzburg. It was founded 1914 and is the oldest football club in Salzburg.

paragraphs: The club was formed by pupils from a nearby school. In 1914 the club was officially formed and played their first match against FC Traunstein. The first match was lost by 1:4. Nevertheless before the Second World War the SAK 1914 was the most successful football club in Salzburg. 1934, 1935 and 1937 they reached the final of the Austrian amateur championship but could not win. Edi Kainberger, Karl Kainberger, Ernst Bacher and Adolf Laudon, players of SAK, were part of the 1936 Olympic squad, where Austria reached the second place. At all they reached 3o Championships in Salzburg.

paragraphs: After the war other clubs like SV Austria Salzburg ( now Red Bull Salzburg) or SK Bischofshofen were more successful but the SAK was the first team from Salzburg which reached the highest class (1952-Staatsliga A). Also in the 1961/62 and 1980/81 season they played in the highest division. All together the SAK played nine seasons in the professional leagues. But 1988 they were relegated from the 2.Division and playing ever since that time in amateur leagues.

paragraphs: The 2007/08 season was the last in their venue, the SAK Sportanlage Nonntal. It was renovated and was now called Sportzentrum Mitte. The SAK must play together with the UFC Salzburg at this pitch.


title: Dysart, Fife

paragraphs: Dysart () is a town on the south-east coast of Scotland, between Kirkcaldy and West Wemyss in Fife. A former royal burgh, Dysart is now a suburb of Kirkcaldy. Dysart was once part of a large estate owned by the St Clair or Sinclair family. They were given burgh of barony status for the town at the end of the 15th century.

paragraphs: The first written record of the town was in the early 13th century. During the middle of the 15th century, the town traded with the Low Countries, and exported salt and coal. In the 16th and 17th centuries, they began to trade with the Baltic Countries. Dysart got two nicknames: "Salt Burgh" and "Little Holland".

paragraphs: When the coal mine, the Lady Blanche Pit, closed suddenly use of the harbour almost stopped. The town was joined with the royal burgh of Kirkcaldy in 1930. Large parts of the historic town were pulled down in the 1950s and 1960's for new housing. People living in the town were able to protect some areas, most notably the 16th century and the 18th century houses of Pan Ha' opposite the harbour. These have been repaired and preserved for future generations. Today, Dysart retains an individual character within the boundary borders of neighbouring Kirkcaldy.


title: Tattingstone

paragraphs: Tattingstone is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 462 people living in Tattingstone.


title: Chelmondiston

paragraphs: Chelmondiston is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 1,018 people living in Chelmondiston.


title: Dinan

paragraphs: Dinan is a commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France. On 1 January 2018, the former commune of Léhon was merged into Dinan.

paragraphs: Dinan is a start of the 6th stage of the 2011 Tour de France.


title: Guingamp

paragraphs: Guingamp is a commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France.


title: Lannion

paragraphs: Lannion is a commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France.


title: Saint-Brieuc

paragraphs: Saint-Brieuc is a commune. It is the prefecture of the Côtes-d'Armor department in Brittany.

paragraphs: Saint-Brieuc "préfecture" of the Côtes-d'Armor is twinned with :


title: Capel St Mary

paragraphs: Capel St Mary is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 2,993 people living in Capel St Mary.


title: Bourseul

paragraphs: Bourseul (, Gallo: "Bórsoeut") is a commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France.


title: Stoke-by-Nayland

paragraphs: Stoke-by-Nayland is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 703 people living in Stoke-by-Nayland.


title: Bréhand

paragraphs: Bréhand is a commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France.


title: Holton St Mary

paragraphs: Holton St Mary is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 209 people living in Holton St Mary.


title: Thorpe Morieux

paragraphs: Thorpe Morieux is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 257 people living in Thorpe Morieux.


title: Recession

paragraphs: A recession is when the economy becomes less active. Prices for goods go down. People lose their jobs so unemployment increases. Inflation and interest rates go down. Many company shares lose value. One definition is that two quarters in a row when gross domestic product goes down is the start of a recession.The Great Recession happened from 2007-2009.


title: Biz Markie

paragraphs: Marcel Theo Hall (born April 8, 1965 in Savage, Maryland) is an American rapper, beatboxer, DJ, record producer, comedian, actor and reality television personality who is better known by his stage name, Biz Markie.

paragraphs: He is probably best known for his 1989 song, Just a Friend.

paragraphs: Biz Markie is honored as being the "Clown Prince of Hip Hop".


title: Matt Mead

paragraphs: Matthew Hansen "Matt" Mead (born March 11, 1962) is an American politician. He was the 32nd Governor of Wyoming from 2011 to 2019. He easily won against former chairman of the Wyoming Democratic Party, Leslie Petersen in the election and became the governor.

paragraphs: Mead was born in Teton County, Wyoming. Mead is married to Carol L. Mintzer and they have 2 children together.


title: Herman Cain

paragraphs: Herman Cain (December 13, 1945 – July 30, 2020) was an American businessman, politician and Baptist minister.

paragraphs: He managed several businesses owned by Pillsbury, such as Burger King and Godfather's Pizza, which he ran from 1986 to 1996.

paragraphs: He was also head of the Federal Reserve Bank in Kansas City, Missouri. Cain started working in politics in 1994. He said that President Clinton's health care plan was bad for business. Some people credit him with stopping Clinton's health care plan.

paragraphs: He unsuccessfully ran for president in the 2000. Cain then ran for the U.S. Senate in Georgia in 2004, but he lost.

paragraphs: He was going to run for president in the Republican primaries of 2012. Cain won a couple of the Republican straw polls. In December 2011, Cain left the Presidential race. This was because several women accused him of sexual harassment.

paragraphs: Cain is African American and was from Memphis.

paragraphs: Cain went to a campaign rally of President Donald Trump in Tulsa on June 20 without wearing a mask or socially distancing. He was hospitalized in Atlanta, Georgia and was diagnosed with COVID-19. He died from the infection on July 30, 2020 at the age of 74.


title: Madame de Lafayette

paragraphs: Marie-Madeleine Pioche de La Vergne, countess of La Fayette (or Lafayette) was a French writer. She is commonly known as Madame de Lafayette. She was born on 18 March 1634 in Paris, and died there, on 26 May 1693. In 1678, she published the novel "La Princesse de Clèves" (the Princess of Clèves), which is regarded as one of the first psychological novels.


title: Adrienne de La Fayette

paragraphs: "Marie Adrienne" Françoise de Noailles, madame de La Fayette (2 November 1759 – 24 December 1807). She was born in Paris at the family home, the Hôtel de Noailles. Known as "Mademoiselle d'Ayen-"she was the second daughter of the duc d'Ayen, a powerful French noble-prior to her marriage to Gilbert du Motier, marquis de La Fayette, in the chapel of the Hôtel de Noailles on April 11, 1774. The couple lived there for the first few years of their marriage. They had four children.


title: Lake Torrens National Park

paragraphs: Lake Torrens National Park is a national park in South Australia, 345 km north of Adelaide. The park protects the area around Lake Torrens, which is a large, dry, salt lake covering an area of 5,700 square kilometres. The lake is part of a large rift valley that also includes Spencer Gulf. Lake Torrens has been filled with water twice in the last 150 years.

paragraphs: The lake filled in 2010 and attracted a large number of birds, including 150,000 Banded Stilts. This bird can only breed on islands in flooded salt lakes and have only bred in South Australia seven times in the last 70 years. The last known breeding was at Lake Eyre in 2000. During dry times the stilts live at the Coorong Lakes waiting for the salt lakes to flood.

paragraphs: The first European to find Lake Torrens was Edward John Eyre in 1839. For many years it was believed that Lake Torrens was a large horseshoe-shaped salt lake in the northern Flinders Ranges. This salt lake blocked any path to the interior. The first European to get through this barrier was A. C. Gregory from the north in March 1858.

paragraphs: Later in 1858, an expedition under Benjamin Herschel Babbage and Major Warburton in the north-west also crossed the non-existent barrier near modern Marree. Eyre's horseshoe lake was actually made up of six large salt lakes; Lake Frome, Lake Callabonna, Lake Blanche, Lake Gregory, Lake Eyre South, and Lake Torrens itself.


title: Hominin

paragraphs: Hominini is the tribe of Homininae that comprises humans ("Homo"), and all ancestors of "Homo sapiens" back to the split from the apes. This branching is now dated at five to eight million years ago, with "Sahelanthropus" as a key fossil.

paragraphs: A less frequent usage includes the two species present-day of the genus "Pan" (the common chimpanzee and the bonobo). In this case, the subtribe Hominina is the "human" branch, including genus "Homo" and its close relatives, but not "Pan". All species in this tribe carry the same four blood-types which can be exchanged between species.


title: Hominina

paragraphs: Hominina is a sub-tribe of the hominid primates. It is used by some anthropologists to include the upright biped apes, including the genus "Homo".

paragraphs: If an anthropologist wants to includes chimpanzees in the tribe Hominini, then it follows that a sub-tribe is needed to put Australopithecines and humans in. But this is not a majority view at present, and the mainstream view is:

paragraphs: If used, the group includes "Sahelanthropus" six to eight million years ago.

paragraphs: Even today, the genus "Homo" has not been properly defined.

paragraphs: Because there was no reason to think it would ever have any additional members, Carl Linnaeus did not even bother to define "Homo" when he first created it for humans in the 18th century. The discovery of Neanderthals brought the first addition.

paragraphs: The genus "Homo" was given its taxonomic name to suggest that its member species can be classified as human.

paragraphs: Over the decades of the 20th century, there were fossil finds of pre-human and early human species from late Miocene and early Pliocene times.

paragraphs: Classifying a fossil as "Homo" means evidence of:


title: Summer Palace

paragraphs: The Summer Palace is a palace in Beijing, China. It is mainly dominated by Longevity Hill (60 meters high) and the Kunming Lake. It covers an expanse of 2.9 square kilometers, three quarters of which is water. The palace is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

paragraphs: Between 1750 and 1764 the Qing Emperor Qianlong created the Garden of Clear Ripples (Summer Palace), extending the area of the lake and carrying out other improvements based on the hill and its landscape. During the Second Opium War (1856-60) the garden and its buildings were destroyed by the allied forces. Between 1886 and 1895 it was reconstructed by Emperor Guangxu and renamed the Summer Palace, for use by Empress Dowager Cixi. It was damaged in 1900 by the international expeditionary force during the suppression of the Boxer Rising and 24 years later, it became a public park in 1924.

paragraphs: There are many buildings in the Summer Palace including The Cloud-Dispelling Hall, the Temple of Buddhist Virtue and the Sea of Wisdom Temple.


title: Banded Stilt

paragraphs: The Banded Stilt, "Cladorhynchus leucocephalus", is a nomadic stilt from Australia. It is a type of water bird known as a wader.

paragraphs: The bird gets its name from the red-brown breast band found on breeding adults. This is mottled or completely absent in non-breeding adults and juveniles. Its remaining feathers are pied (black and white) and the eyes are dark brown. The Banded Stilt stands between 35–45 cm tall. It is called the "Flamingo of Australia", and the Rottnest snipe on Rottnest Island, though not related to true snipes.

paragraphs: They spend much of their life on the coast in river estuaries and on tidal flats, but they breed in the desert when the water conditions are suitable. They lay 3-4 white, brown or black eggs in nests scraped in the sand. Banded Stilts breed on islands created when dry salt lakes fill with water during a flood. They come to the lakes to eat the brine shrimp, "Paratemia". The eggs of the shrimp can lie in the dry lake beds for many years until the rains fall.

paragraphs: In 200 years of Europen settlement in Australia, Banded Stilts have only been recorded as breeding on 20 occasions. In South Australia, where the stilts are listed as a vulnerable species, they have only bred seven times in the last 70 years. In 2010 there was a huge breeding event at Lake Torrens National Park where more than 150,000 birds gathered as the lake filled for only the second time in 150 years. The eggs and chicks are often eaten by silver gulls. In 2000 when the stilts were breeding on Lake Eyre, nearly all the chicks were eaten.


title: Brief psychotic disorder

paragraphs: Brief psychotic disorder is a short illness of less than one month that has psychotic symptoms. This could be like having schizophrenia symptoms for only an hour, but it can be any psychotic disorder, such as delusions or hallucinations. Doctors describe three types of BPD. The first type is caused by some kind of traumatic stress. The second type has no known cause. Some psychologists believe it could be from stimulants such as caffeine, morphine or any type of drug. There is no known cure but staying away from caffeinated drinking may lower the risk of brief psychotic disorder. The third type is caused by childbirth and usually affects mothers about four weeks after having a baby.


title: Conduct disorder

paragraphs: Conduct disorder (CD) is a mental disorder in which a person habitually, deliberately violates the rights of others. They are typically aggressive and threaten to hit people. Habitual stealing is common; some people with CD are sex offenders. They do not feel bad or guilty about hurting people, and often enjoy doing so. Many people with CD go on to develop antisocial personality disorder. Everyone who has ASPD previously had CD. The CD affected person finds that acting out gives them attention (even though it is negative attention they are receiving) and in turn they feel it gives them a sense of importance. Some risk factors are heredity, child neglect and the loss of family member and or parent. Anti-psychotic therapy is recommended in cases where the offender is psychotic. A high proportion of people who have CD also have other mental disorders, most commonly attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, which makes the affects of CD worse.


title: Kodad

paragraphs: Kodad is a town in the Nalgonda district of Andhra Pradesh in India. The Madhira Institute of Technology and Science has a 40 acre campus about eight kilometres from Kodad.


title: Hox gene

paragraphs: Hox genes are a group of related genes that determine the basic structure and orientation of animals. 'Hox' is short for 'homeobox'.

paragraphs: Hox genes are critical for the proper placement of segment structures of animals during early embryonic development (e.g. legs, antennae, and wings in fruit flies or the different vertebrate ribs in humans).

paragraphs: Hox genes are a complex of genes whose proteins bind to the regulatory regions of target genes. The target genes then activate or repress cell processes to direct the final development of the organism.

paragraphs: In some organisms, especially vertebrates, the various Hox genes are very close to one another on the chromosome in groups or clusters.

paragraphs: The order of the genes on the chromosome is the same as the expression of the genes in the developing embryo. The first gene is expressed in the front of the developing organism. The reason for this co-linearity is not yet completely understood. The diagram above shows the relationship between the genes and protein expression in flies.

paragraphs: The homeodomain protein motif is highly similar in most animals, with variations in Jellyfish and other species. In addition, homeodomains of individual Hox proteins are similar in many species.

paragraphs: Because of this, it is thought Hox gene clusters evolved from a single Hox gene via tandem gene duplication. A Hox gene cluster with at least seven different Hox genes was probably present in the common ancestor of all bilateral animals.

paragraphs: Humans have a total of 39 hox genes in clusters on four chromosomes.


title: Can't Be Tamed

paragraphs: Can't Be Tamed is the third album made by American recording Artist Miley Cyrus. The album has twelve songs including three singles.

paragraphs: "Can't Be Tamed" is Cyrus' first single. It was released May 18th 2010. "Can't Be Tamed" had good reviews from critics. The song peaked at number eight on the Billboard Hot 100, and reached its highest peak at number five on both the Irish Singles Chart and New Zealand Singles Chart. The music video is Cyrus performing with backup dancers throughout a museum. Cyrus is first trapped in a giant cage, being watched by people in the audience as they were trying to see the rare creature 'Adias Cyrus' she then escapes and trashes the museum. She has promoted "Can't Be Tamed" by performing it at several places, including a performance on "Britain's Got Talent" and the critics had negative ratings and reviews. The song is also a part of Cyrus' second world tour, Gypsy Heart Tour.

paragraphs: "Who Owns My Heart" is Cyrus' second single. It was released October 22, 2010. Cyrus described it as a "total dance track" with a cool idea. Cyrus' "Who Owns My Heart" is a club-oriented song that speaks of meeting a potential love on the dance floor. The song tries not to proceed to question, "Who owns my heart? Is it love or is it art?" Bill Lamb of About.com thought that, despite its beat, the overall sound of "Who Owns My Heart" is faceless and dull. The video starts with Cyrus asleep, blindfolded on a mattress in a bedroom. She wakes up and shakes on the mattress. Following, Cyrus goes to a bathroom, her outfit is a white tank top, white boy shorts, a fishnet hair wrap, rollers, and heavy metal jewelry. While in the bathroom scenes, Cyrus sings as she sits on the edge of a bathtub and prepares herself for a party. When the chorus comes on, Cyrus appears shaking in the backseat of a limousine, costumed in a low-cut gold halter top, black hots pants, a black jacket with shoulder pads, and big hair. Once arrived at the mansion party, she is first seen dancing ontop of a big, wooden table. In continuing after, Cyrus dances with multiple people on the dance floor. Cut-scenes feature Cyrus in all prior scenes or dancing with others in the mansion's study. The video finishes with Cyrus back in her bedroom, once again waking up.

paragraphs: "Every Rose Has Its Thorn" is Cyrus' third single. It was a single on June 11th 2011. It was made by Poison in 1988. Miley's version is one minute and 29 seconds shorter than Poison's official song. Hollywood Records is due to release Cyrus' cover in June 2011, while a music video is in the works.


title: Brélidy

paragraphs: Brélidy is a commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France.


title: Bringolo

paragraphs: Bringolo is a commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France.


title: Broons

paragraphs: Broons is a commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France.


title: Brusvily

paragraphs: Brusvily is a commune. It is in the region Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France.


title: Bulat-Pestivien

paragraphs: Bulat-Pestivien is a commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France.


title: Calanhel

paragraphs: Calanhel is a commune. It is in Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in west France.


title: Callac

paragraphs: Callac is a commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France.


title: Ploumanac'h

paragraphs: Ploumanac'h is a village in the commune of Perros-Guirec. It is in the region Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France.


title: Castleton

paragraphs: Castleton is the name of several places in the world:


title: George Turner (artist)

paragraphs: George Turner (2 April 1841 – 29 Mar 1910) was an English landscape artist and farmer. He was also called "Derbyshire's John Constable".

paragraphs: Turner was born in Cromford, Derbyshire in England, then moved to Derby with his family. His father Thomas Turner was a tailer and favoured art works, so he adviced his son to learn art and music. Turner made progress mainly by himself, and became a professional painter and art teacher.

paragraphs: Turner lived in Derbyshire all his life. In 1865 he married Eliza Lakin (1837 - 1900), and worked as a part-time farmer raising four children at Walnut farm in Barrow upon Trent.

paragraphs: After Eliza's death in 1900, he moved to Kirk Ireton and later married fellow artist Kate Stevens Smith (1871-1964) - they set up home in Idridgehay, and he died there in 1910. His son William Lakin Turner (1867-1929) also became a famous landscape oil painter.

paragraphs: Most of Turner's paintings are of Derbyshire where he lived. They show old English countryside before the coming of modernization. His work was exhibited in Nottingham and Birmingham. Turner was a member of the Art Committee of Derby Art Gallery and the city has both his and his son's paintings.


title: Peace of Münster

paragraphs: The Peace of Münster is part of the Peace of Westphalia. It is the document which ends the Eighty Years' War between Spain and the Netherlands with Spain's recognition of Dutch independence.


title: Communes of the Côtes-d'Armor department

paragraphs: The following is a list of the 373 communes of the Côtes-d'Armor "département" in France.


title: Calorguen

paragraphs: Calorguen is a commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France.


title: Perros-Guirec

paragraphs: Perros-Guirec is a commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France.


title: Trébeurden

paragraphs: Trébeurden is a commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France.


title: Phase-shift keying

paragraphs: Phase shift keying is a way of transmitting information. This is done by modulating the phase of a carrier wave. In such a system, the amplitude of the wave does not carry any information; all information is present in the phase of the signal. In many cases, this allows to better use the bandwidth available.

paragraphs: If we think of a wave as a wiggly line, (like a sine wave), wiggling a specific number of times a second, and we can change at which part of the wiggle it is in. Say if it is at the top of its wiggle, and we immediately change it to the bottom of its wiggle, this is called a phase shift. We can use that change to carry information.

paragraphs: By either changing or not changing the wave every time it gets to the top of its wiggle, we can send either ones or zeros. This is called Binary Phase Shift Keying. If we change the phase of the wave as it reaches the top, we can have this represent a 1. If we don't change it at the top, we can have this represent a 0. We can use a computer and a radio to turn text into a wave like this and then send it. A radio and a computer listening to this wave changing or not changing can figure out the original message being sent and turn it back into text.

paragraphs: Binary Phase Shift Keying can be used to send computer data across radio waves quite efficiently. Certain Wireless LAN standards use Phase-shift keying, which they sometimes couple with Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing, to get higher data rates.


title: Pritzker Architecture Prize

paragraphs: The Pritzker Architecture Prize is given each year by the Hyatt Foundation. It is for talented and significant architect who has created great projects throughout his or her life. Jay A. Pritzker and his wife Cindy began the award in 1979. The Pritzker family pays for the prize. It is the top prize in architecture, and it is often called the Nobel Prize of architecture. The country, race, religion or political ideas of the architect are not important. Winners get US$100,000 and a certificate. Winners receive a medal. The back of the medal has these words in Latin—"firmitas, utilitas, venustas" (English: "durability, utility, and beauty"). The idea comes from the Roman architect Vitruvius. Before 1987, a limited edition Henry Moore sculpture came with the prize money.

paragraphs: Martha Thorne has been the Executive Director since 2009. The director asks many people, including past winners, academics, critics and others involved in architecture to suggest possible winners. Any licensed architect can also apply for the prize before 1 November every year. In 1988 Gordon Bunshaft applied for the award himself and eventually won it. Five to nine jury members meet early the next year before announcing the winner in spring.

paragraphs: The first winner was Philip Johnson. The award was "for 50 years of imagination and vitality" shown by the many "museums, theaters, libraries, houses, gardens and corporate structures". The 2004 laureate Zaha Hadid was the first female prize winner. Ryūe Nishizawa became the youngest winner in 2010 at age 44. The most recent winner, in 2019, is Arata Isozaki.


title: Jejomar Binay

paragraphs: Jejomar "Jojo" Cabauatan Binay (born November 11, 1942), also known as Jojo Binay or VNay, is a Filipino politician. He previously served as the 15th Vice President of the Philippines from June 30, 2010 to June 30, 2016. Before he became Vice President, he was Mayor of Makati City from 1986 to 1998 and again from 2001 to 2010.

paragraphs: He ran for President in 2016, but lost to Rodrigo Duterte.


title: Loudéac

paragraphs: Loudéac is a commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France.


title: Plérin

paragraphs: Plérin is a commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France.


title: Erquy

paragraphs: Erquy is a commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France.


title: Lamballe

paragraphs: Lamballe is a former commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune of Lamballe-Armor.


title: Quintin

paragraphs: Quintin is a commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France.


title: Paimpol

paragraphs: Paimpol is a commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France.


title: Milparinka, New South Wales

paragraphs: Milparinka is a very small town in New South Wales, Australia. About ten people live in Milparinka, which is about 296 kilometres north of Broken Hill. It is built beside a waterhole on Evelyn Creek, named by the explorer Charles Sturt after his wife in 1844. Sturt and his group had been trapped at a waterhole they called Depot Glen nearby on Preservation Creek for seven months while they waited for rain.

paragraphs: Gold was found at Milparinka, which became the centre for the Albert Goldfields in the 1880s. Two other nearby gold towns, Albert and Mount Browne, were abandoned because of the lack of water. During the peak of the goldrush, Milparinka had a population of more than 3000 people. By 1893 most people had left. Today there are only a few buildings left, the hotel, the courthouse, police station, and the remains of the post office.

paragraphs: The courthouse was built of local sandstone in 1896. The final court session was in 1921. The building has been restored and is used as a local museum.


title: Skin cancer

paragraphs: Skin cancer is the term that is used for all bad forms of growth of the skin. In everyday use, people often talk about melanoma, but there are other forms of skin cancer, too. These are usually named after the type of cell that grows uncontrollably. Most skin cancers develop in the epidermis. Very often a tumor can be seen, so it is often possible to detect skin cancer at an early stage. Very few people with skin cancer will die of the disease., though it can be disfiguring. Melanoma survival rates are poorer than for non-melanoma skin cancer, although when melanoma is diagnosed at an early stage, treatment is easier and more people survive.

paragraphs: Skin cancer is the most commonly diagnosed type of cancer. Melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers combined are more common than lung, breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer. Melanoma is less common than both basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, but it is the most serious — for example, in the UK there were over 11,700 new cases of melanoma in 2008, and over 2,000 deaths. It is the second most common cancer in young adults aged 15–34 in the UK. Most cases are caused by over-exposure to UV rays from the sun or sunbeds.

paragraphs: Non-melanoma skin cancers are the most common skin cancers. The majority of these are basal cell carcinomas. These are usually small spot growths caused by too much exposure to the sun over time. They do not usually spread, and rarely kill.


title: Jafri dialect

paragraphs: Jafri dialect is spoken in the Musakhel District of Balochistan province of Pakistan.


title: Yffiniac

paragraphs: Yffiniac is a commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France.


title: Moncontour, Côtes-d'Armor

paragraphs: Moncontour is a commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France.


title: Ploufragan

paragraphs: Ploufragan is a commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France.


title: Beriberi

paragraphs: Beriberi is a disease of the nervous system caused by a person not getting enough thiamine (vitamin B1) in the diet. Thiamine is needed to break down food such as glucose. It is also found on the membranes of neurons. Symptoms of beriberi include severe lethargy and tiredness. Beriberi may also cause problems that affect the cardiovascular system, the nervous system, muscles, and gastrointestinal systems. It is often found in people with a history of drinking too much alcohol or who don’t eat healthy. There are two kinds of beriberi, wet and dry. Wet beriberi mainly affects the cardiovascular system. Dry beriberi affects the nervous system. There is also a rare type of genetic beriberi. This disease is found in Asia. There, some people only eat white rice. This disease can make it hard for a person to do simple things. It can also cause muscles to get weaker. A person with beriberi may also have heart problems or even death. Most of the time, dry beriberi and wet beriberi take place at the same time in the same person. When this takes place, the victim is likely to only get the symptoms of one beriberi.


title: Île-de-Bréhat

paragraphs: Île-de-Bréhat is an island and a commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France.


title: Pontrieux

paragraphs: Pontrieux is a commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France.


title: Uzel

paragraphs: Uzel is a commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France.


title: Hugh Downs

paragraphs: Hugh Malcolm Downs (February 14, 1921 – July 1, 2020) was an American radio and television broadcaster, announcer, television host, news anchor, TV producer, author, game show host, and music composer.

paragraphs: For many years, he held the Guinness World Record for the most hours on commercial network television, before Regis Philbin broke his record.

paragraphs: Downs was announcer/sidekick for "Tonight Starring Jack Paar" from 1957 to 1962, co-host of the NBC News program "Today" from 1962 to 1971, host of the "Concentration" game show from 1958 to 1969, and anchor of the ABC News magazine "20/20" from 1978 to 1999.

paragraphs: Downs was born in Akron, Ohio on February 14, 1921. His career would start in 1945 and since then he had appeared in over 100 television programs and guest star appearances, he retired in 1999. He was married to Ruth Shaheen from 1944 until her death in 2017. They had two children together.

paragraphs: Downs died on July 1, 2020, in Scottsdale, Arizona from heart failure. He was 99.


title: Dodder

paragraphs: The Dodder, Cuscuta, is a genus of about 100–170 species of parasitic flowering plants.

paragraphs: Recent genetic research has shown that it is correctly placed in the morning glory family, Convolvulaceae.

paragraphs: The genus is found throughout the temperate and tropical regions of the world. Most species live in subtropical and tropical regions. The genus is rare in cool temperate climates, with only four species native to northern Europe.

paragraphs: Dodder can be identified by its thin stems. They look leafless, with the leaves reduced to minute scales.

paragraphs: From mid-summer to early autumn, the vines can produce small fruit that take the same color as the vine, and are about the size of a common pea. It has very low levels of chlorophyll; some species, such as "Cuscuta reflexa", can photosynthesize slightly. Others such as "C. europaea" are entirely dependent on the host plants for nutrition.

paragraphs: Dodder flowers range in color from white to pink to yellow to cream. Some flower in the early summer, others later, depending on the species. The seeds are tiny, and produced in large amounts. They have a hard coating, and can survive in the soil for 5–10 years or more.

paragraphs: Dodder seeds sprout at or near the surface of the soil. Germination occurs without a host, but the seedling must reach a green plant quickly. Dodder grows toward the smell of nearby plants.

paragraphs: If a plant is not reached within 5 to 10 days of germination, the dodder seedling will die. Before a host plant is reached, the dodder, as other plants, relies on food reserves in the embryo; the cotyledons are very small.

paragraphs: After a dodder attaches itself to a plant, it wraps itself around it. If the host contains food useful to dodder, the dodder produces 'haustoria' that insert themselves into the host. The original root of the dodder in the soil then dies.

paragraphs: The dodder can grow and attach itself to multiple plants. In tropical areas it can grow continuously, and may reach high into the canopy of shrubs and trees. In temperate climates it is an annual plant, restricted to low vegetation that can be reached by new seedlings each spring.

paragraphs: Dodder is parasitic on a very wide variety of plants, including a number of agricultural and horticultural crop species, such as alfalfa, flax, clover, potatoes, chrysanthemum, dahlia, trumpet vine, ivy and petunias, among others.


title: Kangaroo Island

paragraphs: Kangaroo Island is Australia's third-largest island after Tasmania and Melville Island.

paragraphs: It is southwest of Adelaide in the state of South Australia.

paragraphs: At its closest point to the mainland, it is offshore from Cape Jervis.

paragraphs: The island is long and between and wide, its area covering . Its coastline is long and highest altitude is .

paragraphs: More than half of the island has never been cleared of vegetation, and a quarter of it is conserved in National Parks, Conservation Parks, and five Wilderness Protection Areas. The main protected areas are:

paragraphs: Because of its isolation from mainland Australia, foxes and rabbits are absent from and prohibited from entering the island. Registration and microchipping of cats is mandatory.

paragraphs: The Kangaroo Island Kangaroo, Rosenberg's Sand Goanna, Southern Brown Bandicoot, Tammar Wallaby, Common Brushtail Possum, Short-beaked Echidna and New Zealand Fur Seal are native to the island, as well as six bat and frog species. The sole endemic (found nowhere else) vertebrate species is a small marsupial carnivore called the Kangaroo Island Dunnart. The Koala, Common Ringtail Possum and Platypus have been introduced and still survive there. Kangaroo Island had a native species of Emu, the Kangaroo Island Emu; however, it became extinct between 1802 and official European settlement in 1836, perhaps owing to bushfires or from hunting by sealers or whalers.

paragraphs: The introduced Koalas have flourished so well on the island that their preferred food source, the Manna Gum, is at risk of local extinction. Koalas have recently been forced to turn to other, less palatable, species. Park Management has been searching for a solution.

paragraphs: The island is a major tourist attraction.


title: J. B. Priestley

paragraphs: John Boynton Priestley OM (13 September 1894 – 14 August 1984) was born in Bradford and died in Stratford-upon-Avon. He was an English novelist, playwright and broadcaster Generally, he is known as J.B. Priestley. He published 26 novels. His best-known works include "The Good Companions" (1929) and "An Inspector Calls" (1946) which were two of his many many creations including his characters. He also wrote social and literary criticism.


title: Southampton Central railway station

paragraphs: Southampton Central railway station is the main train station in Southampton. It is served by First Great Western, South West Trains, CrossCountry & Southern.

paragraphs: It has services terminating for Portsmouth and Southsea, Great Malvern, London Waterloo, Newcastle and other services.


title: Saint-Quay-Portrieux

paragraphs: Saint-Quay-Portrieux is a commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France.


title: Langueux

paragraphs: Langueux is a commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France.


title: Rostrenen

paragraphs: Rostrenen is a commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France.


title: Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

paragraphs: The following is a list of the 707 communes of the Côte-d'Or "département" in France.


title: Arriva Trains Wales

paragraphs: Arriva Trains Wales () is a train operating company, owned by Arriva, that operates passenger services in Wales and the Welsh Marches. Its busiest stations are , and . Other stations on there main line include: , , and .

paragraphs: The company operates the Wales and Border railway franchise from the company of the same name in December 2003. They have made direct services between North and South Wales, and the reintroduction of passenger services on freight-only portions of the Vale of Glamorgan Line and Ebbw Vale Line.

paragraphs: It operates on a gauge of 1435 mm, over a route length: 1691 km, with 253 DMU cars and 22 passenger coaches.

paragraphs: Arriva Trains Wales operates almost all services in Wales, with the exception of:


title: Hugo Black

paragraphs: Hugo LaFayette Black (February 27, 1886 – September 25, 1971) was an American judge and politician. He was from Ashland, Alabama and studied law at the University of Alabama. Black was poor as a child and lived simply for most of his life. Black was in the Army during World War I. In the 1920s, Black was a member of the Ku Klux Klan. Black was a member of the U.S. Senate from Alabama from 1927 to 1936 as a Democrat. Black was a strong supporter of Franklin D. Roosevelt for President and his New Deal policies. In 1937, Roosevelt put Black on the United States Supreme Court. Black supported many New Deal organizations and programs which his fellow judges wanted to limit or strike down. Black often believed in interpreting the Constitution exactly as it was written (textualism), against ideas both that judges had the power to re-interpret the meaning in accordance with their time, or that it could be taken as a general guideline that lawmakers should follow but also consider other interests. One prominent example is the First Amendment, which Black believed to literally protect any form of "freedom of speech" against a law that would "abridge" (meaning to hinder) it, or at least laws prohibiting certain "opinions". He also believed that the Fourteenth Amendment meant this applied to states as well as the federal government, and that states subsequently could not limit free speech and other constitutional liberties anymore than the federal government. For many years most jurists and judges had believed this. He also did not believe in the substantive due process doctrine, meaning that the Fourteenth Amendment secured certain "implicit" rights regarding privacy and so on, which were not written into the constitution but had to be made by judges as they went along. Black believed that, while the Constitution promised generous liberties, judges should never decide for themselves on which these liberties should be. (Because of this he also did not believe in things such as natural law, which he called "mysterious".) This contradiction is uncommon among later judges. He did not believe in a right to privacy, which is not expressed in the constitution, and voted against one in the case "Griswold v. Connecticut". He did, famously, vote against segregation in "Brown v. Board of Education" (1954), an important case that began the desegregation of schools. Black was the fifth longest-serving justice in American history. He served on the Court for 35 years, one of the very longest tenures, and was the last of president Roosevelt's appointees except William O. Douglas (who served 36 years, the longest). Black died of a stroke in 1971, which happened two days after he chose to leave the Supreme Court. He is buried at Arlington National Cemetery.

paragraphs: One of the most famous judgments Black wrote is called "Korematsu v. United States" in 1944. In this case, the majority believed the imprisoning of civilian (non-military) Japanese Americans during World War II was just or at least acceptable, under the circumstances. This is one of the most controversial verdicts of the Supreme Court in its history and often seen as a stark contrast (meaning opposite) to what he stood for in most other cases.


title: Abhar

paragraphs: Abhar is a city in northwestern Iran. In the year 2006 there were 55,266 people living in there.


title: Colugo

paragraphs: Colugos are gliding mammals in the order Dermoptera.

paragraphs: There are two living species, found in south-east Asia. They are also called 'flying lemurs', though they are not lemurs (all lemurs are in Madagascar). They can glide long distances, as they have a thin membrane stretched to the ends of the tail and each limb.

paragraphs: Colugos live in the tropical rain forests of southeast Asia. Their diet includes leaves and young shoots. During the day they rest high in the trees, clinging to trunks or hiding in tree holes. At dusk they become active, gliding from trunk to trunk like sheets of paper blown on the wind. The young are carried clinging to the flight membrane.

paragraphs: Colugos range from Burma, Indochina and southern Thailand to peninsular Malaysia, Singapore and the Indonesian islands of Sumatra and Java. They also occur throughout Borneo. A second colugo species inhabits the southern Philippines.


title: Main battle tank

paragraphs: A main battle tank (MBT), also called a battle tank, is a tank that is used as the most powerful combat vehicle in modern armies. They were made to replace the light, medium and heavy tanks used in World War II with just one tank. Lighter armor made it easier to put bigger guns on tanks without adding weight. Light tanks are still used in places where heavy ones cannot go.

paragraphs: MBT's are the main force in ground fights but get help from other combat vehicles and soldiers who travel in infantry combat vehicles. They also get help from observation or attack aircraft.

paragraphs: Medium tanks were the earliest MBTs. MBTs started replacing medium tanks when guns on medium tanks became powerful enough to win against heavy tanks. Heavy tanks could not carry armor strong enough to win against medium tanks.

paragraphs: The nuclear weapon threat and other anti-tank weapons in the Cold War made countries add more protection to survive in all types of combat. Weapon designers made powerful cannons to defeat the armor.

paragraphs: The British Centurion is generally considered to have been the world’s first main battle tank, although the term was not popularised until long after it entered service. The British followed this up with the Chieftain main battle tank, which entered service in 1966. The first Soviet main battle tank was the T-64 and the first American MBT was the M60 Patton. By the late 1970s, MBT's were manufactured by France, West Germany, Britain, India, Japan, the USSR, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States.

paragraphs: The Soviet Union made MBTs very quickly because it needed them for their type of war. The Soviet Union improved the cannon by replacing the loader crewman with an automatic autoloader. This made the turret smaller which also makes the tank harder to see or hit The Soviet Union made missiles that could be shot much farther than other ammunition.

paragraphs: After the Cold War, American tanks quickly defeated Iraqi tanks in the Gulf War. The American MBTs were still not as good as attack helicopters at destroying Iraqi tanks. Some said that the MBTs could not stop an enemy force from attacking.


title: Swami Vivekananda

paragraphs: Swami Vivekananda was born in Shim-la Pally in Calcutta on 12 January 1863. He was named Narendranath Datta. His father Vishwanath Datta was an attorney of Calcutta High Court. His mother was Bhuvaneshwari Devi. Narendranath's thinking and personality were influenced by his parents—the father by his rational mind and the mother by her religious temperament. From his mother he learnt the power of self-control. Young Narendra was an expert in meditation and could enter the state of samadhi very easily. He saw a light while falling asleep. Once he had a vision of Buddha during his meditation. During his childhood, he had a great fascination for wandering ascetics and monks. He was also an expert in games and naughty things. Even in his young age he showed remarkable leadership qualities. His childhood friend was Kamal Reddy.

paragraphs: In his youth he visited the Brahmo Samaj and later he came in contact with Sri Ramakrishna. Sri Ramakrishna initiated him, and after his death Naren left his house.

paragraphs: Vivekananda became very popular after delivering lectures at many places of America and England. He came back to India and founded the Ramakrishna Maths and Mission in 1897. He also founded the Advaita Ashram in Mayavati, near Almora on March 19, 1899. The Ashram was a branch of the Ramakrishna Math.

paragraphs: He composed the famous arati song, Khandana Bhava Bandhana.

paragraphs: s. He taught Shukla-10 p.m. while meditating.

paragraphs: Vivekananda's books on the four Yogas (Raja Yoga, Karma Yoga, Bhakti Yoga and Jnana Yoga) are still seen as fundamental texts for anyone interested in the Windfall practice of Yoga. His letters are of great literary and spiritual spirit. He was also considered a very good singer and a poet. By the time of his death, he had composed many songs including his favorite song "Kali-The Mother". He used humor for his teachings and was also an excellent cook. His language is very free flowing. These all works were compiled to form a 9 volume set "The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda". A book titles 'Selections from the Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda' is also very popular, knowledgeable and inspiring.


title: Ashford Black Marble

paragraphs: Ashford Black Marble is a kind of dark limestone, which was mined from Ashford-in-the-Water, in Derbyshire, England. Once cut, turned and polished, its shiny black surface becomes very beautiful. Strictly speaking, Ashford Black Marble is not a marble formed by heat, but a smooth sedimentary rock, a hard mass of dusty minerals. To make art objects, Ashford Black Marble can be cut as materials of them and put together with other fine stones. Derby Museum has a diagram of Ecton Hill made from Ashford Black Marble and other minerals.

paragraphs: Ashford Black Marble had been used for decorative purpose since the prehistoric age. Bess of Hardwick was known to use Ashford Black Marble.

paragraphs: Henry Watson played important roles in the development of the local industry of inlaying Ashford Black Marble in the 1750s. He was the uncle of Derbyshire geologist White Watson, and had a water-powered mill at Ashford in the Water.

paragraphs: Pots, obelisks, and other decorative items of AMB were frequently traded during the late 18th and early 19th century. John Mawe had a museum in Matlock Bath that dealt in black marble. Ann Rayner carved Black Marble into pictures using a diamond. Many art objects of Ashford Black Marble are collected in local institutions, including those of Derby Museum, Buxton Museum, and Chatsworth House. In 2009, huge blocks of Ashford Black Marble were found underground in Derby. The auction of these was planed because these blocks are valuable. The rocks might have been abandoned when an "Ashford Black Marble" manufacturer moved in the 1880s.

paragraphs: Ashford Black Marble is a kind of limestone which contains some carbon, and its particles are very small. Its dark color is from bitumen, and once cut and polished, the surface shines.

paragraphs: At first the rock was mined from Arrock Mine, and later in 1832 from nearby Rookery Plantation, near Ashford-in-the-Water.

paragraphs: Ashford Black Marble can be manufactured into pots, candlesticks and other similar objects, or sawn to make smooth, flat items such as obelisks and paper weights. Derby Museum and Art Gallery has collections of worked and part-worked items of Ashford Black Marble, acquired from an inlaying workshop owned by the Tomlinson family. This collection also includes pieces of stones which were cut and ready to put into the black marble background. Forget-me-not and lily of the valley were typically designed. Various stones were used with Ashford Black Marble: Greys, blues and purples stones are from Monyash. "Rosewood" from Nettler Dale in Sheldon is a kind of barytes and has red and white layers. Castleton Blue John from Crich is a kind of flourspar and has purple and yellow colors. "Birds-Eye" rock has a design made from the fossils in it. "Duke's Red" is so valuable that it was stored at Chatsworth House. The tabletop design illustrated shows some of the combinations described here.

paragraphs: In the late 1780s, Derbyshire geologist White Watson made geological picture boards using Ashford Black Marble into which other local rocks were inlaid. These boards show layers of rock in different parts of the county. Derby Museum has a diagram of Ecton Hill made from Ashford Black Marble and other minerals.

paragraphs: William Martin was once a partner with Watson, and wrote the first scientific study of fossils. His "Petrifacta Derbiensia" says that White Watson's uncle and workers at the Black Marble mine called some of the fossils "crocodile tails", because they thought they were the remains of crocodiles.

paragraphs: In 2006, Buxton Museum bought the Black Marble collection that had been left by John Michael Tomlinson. He had spent over 50 years to collect them after finding that his ancestors had been involved in Ashford Black Marble manufacturing.


title: Tasmanian Wilderness

paragraphs: The Tasmanian Wilderness is a term that is used for a range of areas in Tasmania, Australia.

paragraphs: The World Heritage Areas in South West Tasmania, Western Tasmania and Central Highlands are the most well known.

paragraphs: However, there are also other wilderness areas in Tasmania, Tarkine and the Cradle mountain wilderness. There is also an organisation known as the Tasmanian Wilderness Society.

paragraphs: The World Heritage Area is one of the largest conservation areas in Australia, covering 13,800 km², or almost 20% of Tasmania. The area constitutes one of the last expanses of temperate wilderness in the world, including the renowned South West Wilderness. The area became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1982, and it was extended in 1989. It is important for both its natural value but also its cultural values as well.

paragraphs: Remains found in limestone caves show that humans have lived in the area for well over 20,000 years.

paragraphs: The Tasmanian Tiger was the largest Dasyuromorphia and the last living specimen of the family Thylacinidae. The last known specimen died in captivity in 1936. The world's largest surviving carnivorous marsupial is the Tasmanian Devil; it is the size of a small dog and can hunt, although it is mainly a scavenger. It became extinct on the mainland some 600 years ago, and is now found only in Tasmania.

paragraphs: The following National Parks and reserves make up the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area:


title: Valeri Zelepukin

paragraphs: Valeri Mikhailovich Zelepukin (born September 17, 1968 in Voskresensk, URS) is a Russian retired professional ice hockey left winger. He played a total of 11 seasons in the NHL; 7 with the New Jersey Devils, 1 with the Edmonton Oilers, 2 with the Philadelphia Flyers and 1 with the Chicago Blackhawks. He moved back to Russia in 2002 and retired. He won the Stanley Cup with the New Jersey Devils in 1995.


title: Mikhail Yakubov

paragraphs: Mikhail Yakubov (born February 16, 1982 in Barnaul, Russian SFSR) is a retired Russian professional ice hockey centre. He played for the Severstal Cherepovets of the Kontinental Hockey League. Yakubov also played in the NHL for a total of 3 seasons; 2 with the Chicago Blackhawks and 1 with the Florida Panthers. He was drafted by the Chicago Blackhawks with the 10th overall pick in the 2000 NHL Draft.


title: Queen's Indian defence

paragraphs: The Queen's Indian defence is an important defence to 1.d4. It features a fianchetto of Black's QB.


title: Bronchiole

paragraphs: The bronchioles or bronchioli are a part of the lung. They are the first airway branches that no longer have cartilage. They are branches of the bronchi. The bronchioles end by entering the circular sacs called alveoli.


title: Full twisting layout

paragraphs: A full twisting layout is a gymnastics tumble. The move is essentially a somersault but involves a full twist in the air. It can be performed tucked, piked or straight.


title: Master of Public Administration

paragraphs: Master of Public Administration (usually abbreviated MPA) is a postgraduate academic master's degree given by universities. Usually, it is awarded for studies toward Administration in the Public sector and Non-profit organizations. Usually, Public policy is part of the study. Additionally, there may be studies of comparisons between countries.

paragraphs: It is usually required to start a doctorate in Public Administration.


title: Tanzanite

paragraphs: Tanzanite is a blue-purple gemstone found in Tanzania, in the Mererani Hills near the city of Arusha and Mount Kilimanjaro. It is named after the country of Tanzania, where it is found. It is a kind of a mineral called zoisite. When it is first mined, tanzanite is usually a red-brown colour. It needs to be heated to 600 degrees Celsius in a special oven to bring out its purple colour.


title: Elephant shrew

paragraphs: The elephant shrew, also called sengi, are any of 16 species of rat-sized African mammals named for their long, tapered, and flexible snout (proboscis). All have slim bodies, slender limbs, and very long hind legs and feet. Although they resemble shrews, they are not insectivores but constitute the mammalian order Macroscelidea. Long thought to be related to shrews, they are actually more closely related to elephants than to shrews although this was not known or even widely believed until the 1990s.

paragraphs: Elephant shrews are terrestrial and are active during the day. Their ears and eyes are large, and, when alarmed, they run on their toes swiftly along paths they construct and maintain, sometimes leaping over obstacles. When foraging, they move along the pathways, using their paws and the constantly moving proboscis to turn over leaf litter and soil in search of prey, which consists of small insects (especially ants and termites), other arthropods, and earthworms. Gestation lasts two months, and litters contain one or two well-developed young.


title: Hyrax

paragraphs: Hyrax also called dassie is any of four species of fairly small, thickset, herbivorous mammals in the order Hyracoidea, any of six species of small hoofed mammal (ungulates) native to Africa and extreme southwestern Asia.

paragraphs: Hyraxes are well-furred rotund creatures with a short tail. Most measure between 30–70 cm long and weigh between 2–5 kg. Hyraxes are mentioned in the Old Testament of the Bible and it is possible that the Hebrew word for hyrax ("shafan") is the source of the name of present-day Spain. Even though hyraxes are not native to Spain, rabbits are, and the theory states that early Hebrew explorers considered the rabbits to be a variety of hyrax.


title: Transposition

paragraphs: Transposition means to change places. It is a technical term in several disciplines:


title: Reto Von Arx

paragraphs: Reto von Arx (born 13 September, 1976 in Egerkingen, Switzerland) is a Swiss professional ice hockey left winger that currently plays for the HC Davos of the Swiss National League A. von Arx also played in the NHL for 1 season with the Chicago Blackhawks and also for their farm team at the time, the Norfolk Admirals. He was drafted by the Chicago Blackhawks with the 271st overall pick in the 2000 NHL Draft.


title: René Bourque

paragraphs: René Gary Wayne Bourque (born December 10, 1981 in Lac La Biche, Alberta) is a Canadian ice hockey left winger. He currently plays for the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League (NHL). Bourque also played for the Chicago Blackhawks for 3 seasons before being traded to the Calgary Flames for a second round selection at the 2009 NHL Entry Draft. Bourque is Native American and he helps out in many charities that help the Native American people in Alberta. He also started a charity called "Bourque's Buddies" which rewards children from the Tsuu T'ina Nation who have made positive contributions in their schools with tickets to Calgary Flames games. Bourque was traded to the Montreal Canadiens for Micheal Cammalleri.


title: Absorption

paragraphs: Absorption is a condition in which something takes in another substance. It is a physical or chemical phenomenon or process, in which atoms, molecules, or ions enter in the inner part (called "bulk") of a gas, liquid, or solid material.

paragraphs: This is a different process from adsorption. Molecules undergoing absorption are going deep into the volume of the material, instead in the case of adsorption molecules stop at the surface of the material. A more general term is "sorption", which covers absorption, adsorption, and ion exchange.


title: Hillion

paragraphs: Hillion is a commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France.


title: Plouha

paragraphs: Plouha is a commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France.


title: Saint-Cast-le-Guildo

paragraphs: Saint-Cast-le-Guildo is a commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France.


title: Tréguier

paragraphs: Tréguier is a commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France.


title: Fréhel, Côtes-d'Armor

paragraphs: Fréhel is a commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France.

paragraphs: Cap Fréhel (8,5 km from Fréhel and on the commune of Plévenon) is the end of the 5th stage of the 2011 Tour de France.


title: Lézardrieux

paragraphs: Lézardrieux is a commune. It is found in the Bretagne region in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France.


title: Noyal

paragraphs: Noyal is a commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France.


title: San Antonio Rampage

paragraphs: The San Antonio Rampage are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 2002. They currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the Phoenix Coyotes of the NHL. They play their home games in San Antonio, Texas at the AT&T Center. Their ECHL affiliate team is the Las Vegas Wranglers.


title: Worcester Sharks

paragraphs: The Worcester Sharks are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 2006. They currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the San Jose Sharks of the NHL. They play their home games in Worcester, Massachusetts at the DCU Center. Their ECHL affiliate team is the Stockton Thunder.


title: Syracuse Crunch

paragraphs: The Syracuse Crunch are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 1994. They currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the Anaheim Ducks of the NHL. They play their home games in Syracuse, New York at the War Memorial at Oncenter. Their ECHL affiliate team is the Elmira Jackals.


title: Toronto Marlies

paragraphs: The Toronto Marlies are a Canadian professional ice hockey team that began playing in 2005. They currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the Toronto Maple Leafs of the NHL. They play their home games in Toronto, Ontario at the Ricoh Coliseum. Their ECHL affiliate team is the Reading Royals.


title: Portland Pirates

paragraphs: The Portland Pirates were an American professional ice hockey team that played from 1993 to 2016. Throughout this time, they played in the American Hockey League (AHL) and were the farm team of the Buffalo Sabres of the NHL. They played their home games in Portland, Maine at the Cumberland County Civic Center, and won one Calder Cup which was in 1993.

paragraphs: The team left Portland after the 2015–16 season when it was bought by a group from Springfield, Massachusetts. That city had lost its AHL team, the Springfield Falcons, when the team was bought by the owners of the NHL's Arizona Coyotes and moved to Tucson, Arizona, where it now plays as the Tucson Roadrunners. The former Pirates team now plays as the Springfield Thunderbirds.


title: Houston Aeros

paragraphs: The Houston Aeros were an American professional ice hockey team that played from 1994 to 2013 in the American Hockey League. They played in Houston, Texas at the Toyota Center.

paragraphs: On April 19, 2013, it was announced that the team would move to Des Moines, Iowa at the beginning of the 2013–14 AHL season and would be known as the Iowa Wild.


title: Boxing gloves

paragraphs: Boxing gloves are giant gloves that boxers wear when fighting. These gloves are used to protect a boxer's hand. Boxing gloves are normally eight to ten ounces in weight. Boxing gloves are used in most forms of boxing. "Bare knuckle boxing" means fighting without wearing gloves.


title: Mamata Banerjee

paragraphs: Mamata Banerjee () (born 5 January 1955) is the current Chief Minister of the Indian state of West Bengal. She is the first woman Chief Minister of the state. She is also the founder and chairperson of the Trinamool Congress. Mamata Banerjee is also the Minister for Home, Health and Family Welfare, Land and Land Reforms, Information and Cultural Affairs, Hill Affairs, Minority Affairs and Madrassah Education, Agriculture, Power and Personnel and Administrative Reforms departments. She is a good orator. Her followers call her "Didi" (meaning the elder sister).

paragraphs: Mamata Banerjee has defeated the 34-year-old the Communist Party of India (Marxist)-led Left Front government in West Bengal. That government was the world's longest-serving democratically-elected communist government.

paragraphs: In the past, she was the Minister of Railways twice, Minister of Coal once, and Minister of State for Human Resource Development, Department of Youth Affairs and Sports and Women and Child Development once in the cabinet of the Government of India.


title: SK Admira Wien

paragraphs: SK Admira Wien is a former football club from Vienna, Austria. It was founded in 1905 by a fusion of the two clubs „Burschenschaft Einigkeit“ and„Sportklub Vindobona“ which also played in the Jedelsee area of Vienna. The club existed till 1971 when he was merged with Sportclub Wacker Wien to FC Admira/Wacker.

paragraphs: The most successful aera of the club was in the years between 1926 and 1939 when the club reached seven Austrian national titles and three Cups. During Nazi occupation of Austria they played in the Gauliga Ostmark. After the Second World War they only reached one title in 1966 and three cup victories. In 1971 the club merged with Wacker Wien and was renamed Admira/Wacker. After financial problems 1997 VFB Mödling and Admira Wacker merges.


title: Maria Amalia of Saxony

paragraphs: Maria Amalia of Saxony (24 November 1724 – 27 September 1760) was a Duchess of Saxony of the House of Wettin and wife of Charles III of Spain. Married to the then King of Naples, at the death of her brother in law Ferdinand VI of Spain, she became the queen of Spain. A cultured woman, she left a considerable architectural legacy in her adopted countries. She was also one of the shortest reigning queen consorts in Spanish history.

paragraphs: She was born at Dresden Castle in Dresden and was the eldest surviving the daughter of Frederick Augustus II, Elector of Saxony and Maria Josepha of Austria. She was one of 15 children and was baptised with the names Maria Amalia Christina Franziska Xaveria Flora Walburga.

paragraphs: In 1737 Maria Amalia became engaged to the King of Naples and Sicily, the future Charles III of Spain. The marriage was confirmed on 31 October 1737. The following year, 1738, at the age of 14, Maria Amalia married King Charles, on 19 June at Gaeta, a proxy wedding having taken place in May the same year with her brother, Frederick Christian of Saxony representing Charles.

paragraphs: The couple resided in Naples and were very content. This marriage was looked upon favourably by the Holy See and effectively meant the conclusion of the diplomatic disagreement Charles and the See had had. Festivities lasted till 3 July. Maria Amalia was a very cultivated woman and played an important role in the construction of the Caserta Palace as well as the Palace of Portici, Teatro di San Carlo, Palace of Capodimonte as well as the Royal Palace of Naples. She also popularised Neapolitan porcelain at the "Capodimonte Porcelain Manufactory" in 1743. Maria Amalia was also a patron of the composer Gian Francesco Fortunati who was a favourite at the Neapolitan court. She ans Charles eventually had 13 children.

paragraphs: At the end of 1758, Charles' half brother Ferdinand VI was displaying the same symptoms of depression that his their father used to suffer from. Ferdinand lost his devoted wife, Barbara of Portugal in August 1758 and would fall into deep morning for her. He named Charles his heir on 10 December 1758 before leaving Madrid to stay at Villaviciosa de Odón where he died on 10 August 1759. Charles was thus proclaimed the King of Spain under the name of Charles III and adicated as King of Naples as he could not join the three kingdoms of Spain, Naples and Sicily.

paragraphs: That same year they left Naples for Madrid, leaving two of their children behind in Caserta. Her third son became Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies, while his elder brother Infante Charles was groomed in Spain to inherit the Spanish crown. Her oldest son the Duke of Calabria was mentally retarded and was thus could not inherit the thrones.

paragraphs: Charles and his wife arrived in Barcelona on 7 October 1759. Residing in Spain, Maria Amalia once again did much to improve the royal residences having them redecorated and founded another porcelain factory at "Buen Retiro". A popular queen, she died of tuberculosis at the Buen Retiro Palace outside the capital having been a heavy smoker. She was buried at the Royal Crypt in El Escorial.


title: Maria Luisa of Spain

paragraphs: Maria Luísa of Spain (24 November 1745 – 15 May 1792) was Holy Roman Empress, German Queen, Queen of Bohemia and Hungary as the spouse of Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor.

paragraphs: Maria Luisa was born in Portici, in Campania, the site of the summer palace ("Reggia di Portici") of her parents, King Charles, King of Naples and Sicily and Maria Amalia of Saxony. She was the fifth daughter, and second surviving child, of her parents. Her father became King of Spain as Charles III in 1759, and she moved with her family to Spain. Her first cousins included Louis XVI, Maria I of Portugal and Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia.

paragraphs: On 16 February 1764 she was married by proxy at Madrid to Archduke Peter Leopold, the second son of Emperor Francis I and Empress Maria Theresa of Austria, and the heir apparent to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. The next year, on 5 August, she married him in person at Innsbruck. Only a few days later, the death of Emperor Francis made Maria Luisa's husband the new Grand Duke of Tuscany, and the newly married couple moved to Florence, where they would live for the next twenty-five years.

paragraphs: In 1790, on the death of Peter Leopold's childless brother, Joseph II, Maria Luisa's husband inherited the Habsburg lands in Central Europe, and was shortly thereafter elected Holy Roman Emperor. Taking the name of Leopold II, the new Emperor moved his family to Vienna, where Maria Luisa took on the role of imperial consort. Leopold died scarcely two years later, dying on 1 March 1792. Maria Luisa followed her husband to the grave in less than three months, not living long enough to see her eldest son Francis elected as the last Holy Roman Emperor.

paragraphs: Mozart's opera La clemenza di Tito was commissioned by the Estates of Bohemia as part of the festivities that accompanied the coronation of Maria Luisa and her husband Leopold as king and queen of Bohemia in Prague on 6 September 1791. In musical circles, Maria Luisa is famous for her putative denigration of Mozart's opera as "German rubbish" ("una porcheria tedesca"), however no claim that she made this remark pre-dates the publication in 1871 of Alfred Meissner's "Rococo-Bilder: nach Aufzeichnungen meines Grossvaters", a collection of stories about cultural and political life in Prague in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.


title: The Seafarers

paragraphs: The Seafarers is a short movie directed by Stanley Kubrick. It was released in 1953.


title: Spartacus (movie)

paragraphs: Spartacus is a 1960 American epic historical drama movie directed by Stanley Kubrick and based on the novel of the same name by Howard Fast. The life story of the historical figure Spartacus and the events of the Third Servile War were adapted by Dalton Trumbo as a screenplay.

paragraphs: The movie stars Kirk Douglas as rebellious slave Spartacus and Laurence Olivier as his foe, the Roman general and politician Marcus Licinius Crassus. Co-starring are Peter Ustinov (who won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role as slave trader Lentulus Batiatus), John Gavin (as Julius Caesar), Jean Simmons, Charles Laughton, John Ireland, Herbert Lom, Woody Strode, Tony Curtis, John Dall and Charles McGraw. The movie won four Oscars in all.

paragraphs: Anthony Mann, the film's original director, was replaced by Douglas with Kubrick after the first week of shooting.


title: Archduchess Maria Clementina of Austria

paragraphs: Maria Clementina of Austria (24 April 1777 – 15 November 1801) was an Austrian archduchess and the tenth child and third daughter of Leopold I, Grand Duke of Tuscany and Maria Luisa of Spain. She was the mother of the famous "duchesse de Berry".

paragraphs: Archduchess Maria Clementina was born at the Villa del Poggio Imperiale, Poggio Imperiale then located in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany which was then ruled by her father Leopold I (later Holy Roman Emperor) since 1765. She was named after Prince Clemens Wenceslaus of Saxony, her mothers uncle and brother of Maria Amalia of Saxony, Maria Clementina's maternal grandmother.

paragraphs: She was married by proxy to Prince Francis, Hereditary Prince of Naples, her first cousin, on 19 September 1790. On 26 June 1797 in Foggia, Maria Clementina married the Duke of Calabria, eldest surviving son of Ferdinand IV of Naples and, Maria Carolina of Austria. Prince Francis was the Heir apparent to both the Neapolitan and Sicilian throne's. This marriage was the last of three between the Austrian and Neapolitan royal families, the previous two being between Archduke Francis, her oldest brother and Maria Teresa of Naples and Sicily in 1790 after Archduke Ferdinand and Luisa of Naples and Sicily. They were double first cousins as they shared all their grandparents in common. They had two children. She died in Naples after giving birth to a son the previous year which undermined her health. She is thought to have died from lung disease or tuberculosis. She was buried in Basilica of Santa Chiara, Naples with her son.

paragraphs: After her death, her husband married Infanta Maria Isabella of Spain, again his first cousin, the youngest surviving daughter of Charles IV of Spain (brother of Maria Clementina's mother) and Maria Luisa of Parma.

paragraphs: Her only daughter Carolina, married Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry in April 1816. He was the son of Charles X of France and Maria Teresa of Savoy. They were the parents of the French pretender Henri d'Artois, Count of Chambord and the Duchess of Parma making Maria Clementina an ancestress of the present Duke of Calabria and his rival the Duke of Castro.


title: Paparazzi (song)

paragraphs: "Paparazzi" is a song by American pop singer Lady Gaga from her first album The Fame. it was released as the last single from the album in the US. It is about a stalker who follows someone to become famous. The music video is eight minutes long.

paragraphs: The song managed to reach number one in Germany, the top five in Canada and the UK, and the top ten in the US. On February 29, 2016, the Recording Industry Association of America certified "Paparazzi" 4× Platinum for sales and streams equal to four million copies in the United States.


title: Chaudière-Appalaches

paragraphs: Chaudière-Appalaches is region of Quebec, Canada. It is named for the Chaudière River and the Appalachian Mountains.

paragraphs: According to the Canadian 2006 census 393,669 people live in Chaudière-Appalaches. It also has an area of . Its main cities are Lévis, Saint-Georges, Thetford Mines, Sainte-Marie and Montmagny.


title: Providence Bruins

paragraphs: The Providence Bruins are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 1992. They currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the Boston Bruins of the NHL. They play their home games in Providence, Rhode Island at the Dunkin' Donuts Center. They have won 1 Calder Cup which was in 1998.


title: Springfield Falcons

paragraphs: The Springfield Falcons are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 1994. They currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the Columbus Blue Jackets of the NHL. They play their home games in Springfield, Massachusetts at the MassMutual Center. Their CHL affiliate team is the Fort Wayne Komets.


title: Binghamton Senators

paragraphs: The Binghamton Senators are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 2002. They currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the Ottawa Senators of the NHL. They play their home games in Binghamton, New York at the Broome County Veterans Memorial Arena. Their ECHL affiliate team is the Elmira Jackals.


title: Rochester Americans

paragraphs: The Rochester Americans are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 1956. They currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the Buffalo Sabres of the NHL. They play their home games in Rochester, New York at the Blue Cross Arena at the War Memorial. Their ECHL affiliate team is the Cincinnati Cyclones. The team is sometimes called the "Amerks" for short. The team has won 6 Calder Cups.


title: Texas Stars

paragraphs: The Texas Stars are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 2009. They currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the Dallas Stars of the NHL. They play their home games in Cedar Park, Texas at the Cedar Park Center. Their ECHL affiliate team is the Idaho Steelheads and their CHL affiliate team is the Allen Americans.


title: Peoria Rivermen

paragraphs: The Peoria Rivermen were an American professional ice hockey team that played in the American Hockey League from 2005 to 2013. They play in Peoria, Illinois at the Carver Arena.

paragraphs: The AHL announced that on June 14, 2013 the Rivermen franchise would relocate to Utica, New York and be known as the Utica Comets for the 2013-14 AHL season.


title: Cleveland Monsters

paragraphs: The Cleveland Monsters, known before the 2016–17 season as the Lake Erie Monsters, are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 2007. They currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the Columbus Blue Jackets of the NHL. They play their home games in Cleveland, Ohio at the Quicken Loans Arena.


title: Interquartile range

paragraphs: In statistics, the interquartile range (IQR) is a number that indicates how spread out the data are, and tells us what the range is in the middle of a set of scores.

paragraphs: The interquartile range IQR is defined as:

paragraphs: That is, it is calculated as the range of the middle half of the scores. The scores are divided into four equal parts, separated by the quartiles formula_2 and formula_3, after the scores have been arranged in ascending order (becoming bigger as one goes further). The second quartile formula_4 is also known as the median.

paragraphs: The interquartile range is not sensitive to outliers (scores that are much higher or much lower than the other scores). In fact, it eliminates them.

paragraphs: Given the following 20 scores arranged from the smallest to the largest:

paragraphs: We can put them into four different groups of five numbers each:

paragraphs: If the observation 29 has accidentally been written down as 92 instead, then this number is an outlier. Notice that the interquartile range is not affected in that case.


title: Amami rabbit

paragraphs: The Amami Rabbit ("Pentalagus furnessi"; Amami: "ʔosagi") also known as the Ryukyu Rabbit, is a primitive dark-furred rabbit which is only found in Amami Ōshima and Toku-no-Shima, two small islands in between southern Kyūshū and Okinawa in Kagoshima Prefecture in Japan. Often called a living fossil, the Amami Rabbit is a living remnant of ancient rabbits that once lived on the Asian mainland, where they died out, remaining only on the two small islands where they survive today.


title: Albany Devils

paragraphs: The Albany Devils are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 2010. Right now, they play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the New Jersey Devils of the NHL. They play their home games in Albany, New York at the Times Union Center and sometimes at the Boardwalk Hall. Their ECHL affiliate team is the Trenton Devils.


title: Abbotsford Heat

paragraphs: The Abbotsford Heat were a Canadian professional ice hockey team that began playing in 2009. They played for 5 seasons in the American Hockey League and were the farm team of the Calgary Flames of the NHL. They played their home games in Abbotsford, British Columbia at the Abbotsford Entertainment & Sports Centre.

paragraphs: The team struggled with financial problems and had low attendance near the end. The city of Abbotsford terminated their contract with the Heat on April 15, 2014. On May 5, 2014, The AHL's Board of Governors said at their spring meeting in Chicago that they had approved the relocation of the team to Glens Falls, New York for the 2014-15 AHL season.


title: ECHL

paragraphs: The ECHL (formerly East Coast Hockey League) is a professional ice hockey league based in the United States and is considered a lower tier than the American Hockey League.

paragraphs: The ECHL and the American Hockey League are the only ice hockey leagues that receive recognition by the collective bargaining agreement between the National Hockey League and the National Hockey League Players' Association which means that any player that is signed to an entry-level NHL contract and is designated for assignment must report to a club either in the AHL or the ECHL.

paragraphs: The major championship in the ECHL that the two winning team of their conferences play for is the Kelly Cup. There are currently 27 teams in the ECHL.


title: Grand Rapids Griffins

paragraphs: The Grand Rapids Griffins are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 1996 in the IHL. They currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the Detroit Red Wings of the NHL. They play their home games in Grand Rapids, Michigan at the Van Andel Arena. Their ECHL affiliate team is the Toledo Walleye.


title: Hamilton Bulldogs

paragraphs: The Hamilton Bulldogs are a Canadian professional ice hockey team that began playing in 1996. They currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the Montreal Canadiens of the NHL. They play their home games in Hamilton, Ontario at the Copps Coliseum which is nicknamed "The Dog Pound". Their ECHL affiliate team is the Wheeling Nailers.


title: Chicago Wolves

paragraphs: The Chicago Wolves are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 1994. They currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the Vegas Golden Knights of the NHL. They play their home games in Rosemont, Illinois at the Allstate Arena. Their ECHL affiliate team is the Gwinnett Gladiators.


title: Oklahoma City Barons

paragraphs: The Oklahoma City Barons are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 2010. They currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the Edmonton Oilers of the NHL. They play their home games in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma at the Cox Convention Center. Their ECHL affiliate team is the Stockton Thunder.


title: Milwaukee Admirals

paragraphs: The Milwaukee Admirals are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 2001. They currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the Nashville Predators of the NHL. They play their home games in Milwaukee, Wisconsin at UW–Milwaukee Panther Arena. Their ECHL affiliate team is the Cincinnati Cyclones.


title: Adirondack Phantoms

paragraphs: The Adirondack Phantoms are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 2009. They currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the Philadelphia Flyers of the NHL. They play their home games in Glens Falls, New York at the Glens Falls Civic Center. Their ECHL affiliate team is the Greenville Road Warriors.


title: Charlotte Checkers (2010–)

paragraphs: The Charlotte Checkers are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 2010. They currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the Carolina Hurricanes of the NHL. They play their home games in Charlotte, North Carolina at Bojangles' Coliseum. Their ECHL affiliate team is the Florida Everblades. The team was originally an ECHL team but the new owner Michael Kahn relinquished the ECHL franchise and relocated the Albany River Rats to Charlotte to beccome the Charlotte Checkers.


title: Norfolk Admirals

paragraphs: The Norfolk Admirals are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 2000. They currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the Tampa Bay Lightning of the NHL. They play their home games in Norfolk, Virginia at the Norfolk Scope. Their ECHL affiliate team is the Florida Everblades.


title: Hershey Bears

paragraphs: The Hershey Bears are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 1938 which makes them the longest-existing team in the AHL. They currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the Washington Capitals of the NHL. They play their home games in Hershey, Pennsylvania at the Giant Center. Their ECHL affiliate team is the South Carolina Stingrays. The Bears have won a total of 11 Calder Cups.


title: Social Security (United States)

paragraphs: In the United States, Social Security is the term for the federal Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program. That program is run by the Social Security Administration. The original Social Security Act was signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1935. The current version of the Act, as amended, involves many social welfare and social insurance programs.

paragraphs: Social Security gets its money through payroll taxes. Those taxes are called Federal Insurance Contributions Act tax (FICA) or Self Employed Contributions Act Tax (SECA). Tax deposits are collected by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). Almost all salaried income, up to an certain amount set by law (see tax rate table below), is taxed by the Social Security payroll tax. All income over the set amount is not taxed. In 2019, the maximum amount of taxable money is $132,900.

paragraphs: In 2017, Social Security spent $806.7 billion for OASDI and $145.8 billion for DI.

paragraphs: A limited form of the Social Security program started during President Franklin D. Roosevelt's first term. It started using "social insurance" to help during the Great Depression of the 1930s.