title: Gareth Edwards (director)

paragraphs: Gareth James Edwards (born 13 July 1975) is a British movie director, producer, screenwriter and visual effects artist. He is best known for directing the movies "Monsters" (2010), "Godzilla" (2014) and "" (2016). He has had small acting roles in "Rogue One" and "" (2017).

paragraphs: Edwards was born in Nuneaton, Warwickshire, England. His parents are from Wales.


title: Adi Agashé

paragraphs: Aditya Agashe (born Chandrashekhar Agashe II on 10 June 1997) known professionally as Adi Agashé, is an Indian singer-songwriter and actor from Pune, Maharashtra, who has been active in the city's pop and country live music scene since 2014. He has served as a marketing executive at Brihans Natural Products Ltd. since 2015.


title: Electronic system

paragraphs: A electronic system that is powered by electricity, and it processes informations, datas, or any raw material from input into a desired output for further usage in life.


title: Timon, Louisiana

paragraphs: Timon is an unincorporated community located on Louisiana Highway 1 in Natchitoches Parish in the state of Louisiana in the United States.


title: Sriti Jha

paragraphs: Sriti Jha (born 26 February 1986) is an Indian television actress. She was born in Begusarai, Bihar.

paragraphs: Jha has worked on television shows including "Jyoti", "Jiya Jale", "Dil Se Di Dua... Saubhagyavati Bhava?", and "Balika Vadhu". She is currently playing a lead role of Pragya Abhishek Mehra in Zee TV's Kumkum Bhagya.


title: Eurovision Song Contest 2007

paragraphs: The Eurovision Song Contest 2007 was the 52nd edition of the annual Eurovision Song Contest. It took place in Helsinki, Finland, following Lordi's win at the 2006 contest in Athens, Greece with the song "Hard Rock Hallelujah". The contest was held at the Hartwall Areena in Helsinki, Finland from 10 May to 12 May, and staged by host broadcaster Yle.

paragraphs: A budget of €13 million was presented for arranging the contest. Other bids to host the contest came from Espoo, Turku and Tampere. The hosts were Finnish television personality Jaana Pelkonen and Finnish musician, stage performer and actor Mikko Leppilampi. Krisse Salminen acted as guest host in the green room, and reported from the crowds at the Senate Square.

paragraphs: A record number of 42 countries participated. The European Broadcasting Union (EBU) put aside its limit of 40 countries, which would have meant excluding some countries using a ranking order scheme.

paragraphs: The winner was Serbia, appearing as an independent country for the first time.

paragraphs: After Lordi scored the first ever Eurovision victory with a hard rock song, several countries sent rock songs to the Contest rather than the soft pop and schlager styles more closely associated with Eurovision. This trend continued at the 2008 and 2009 Contests.

paragraphs: Cyprus and Latvia entered songs in languages other than their own or English. Although this happened with the Belgium 2003 entry, this was the first time the contest featured countries doing this with actual languages as opposed to an imaginary one.

paragraphs: Participating countries in a Eurovision Song Contest must be active members of the EBU.

paragraphs: 42 countries submitted preliminary applications. Although in previous years the maximum number of participating countries was 40, the EBU allowed all 42 to participate in 2007. The Czech Republic, Serbia, Montenegro and Georgia all entered the contest for the first time in 2007. Monaco announced its withdrawal on 12 December 2006, and the EBU announced the final lineup of 42 countries on 15 December 2006.

paragraphs: Evridiki returned to represent Cyprus, having previously represented the nation in 1992 and 1994. Eiríkur Hauksson previously represented Iceland in 1986 as part of the vocal trio ICY and he previously represented Norway in 1991 as part of the group Just 4 Fun. Karolina Gočeva previously represented Macedonia in 2002. Edsilia Rombley previously represented the Netherlands in 1998.

paragraphs: The semi-final was held on 10 May 2007 at 21:00 (CET). 28 countries performed and all 42 participants voted.

paragraphs: Countries qualified for the final are highlighted.

paragraphs: The final was held on 12 May 2007 at 21:00 (CET) and was won by Serbia.


title: David Owen

paragraphs: David Owen (David Anthony Llewellyn Owen, Baron Owen CH PC FRCP, born 2 July 1938) is a British politician and physician.

paragraphs: Owen served as British Foreign Secretary from 1977 to 1979. At 38 he was the youngest person in over forty years to hold the post.

paragraphs: In 1981, Owen was one of the "Gang of Four" who left the Labour Party to found the Social Democratic Party (SDP). Owen led the SDP from 1983 to 1987, and the continuing SDP from 1988 to 1990. He sat in the House of Lords as a crossbencher until March 2014, and now sits as an independent social democrat. Owen is widely regarded as one of the key politicians of the 1970s and 1980s.


title: Cassoulet

paragraphs: Cassoulet is a casserole made particularly in the south of France. It is called after its traditional cooking vessel, the "cassole", a deep, round, earthenware pot with slanting sides. The name comes from the Occitan "caçolet" (or "cassolet)." It contains meat (usually pork sausages, goose, duck and sometimes mutton), pork skin ("couennes") and white beans (haricots blancs). It may be baked with an open or a closed top.

paragraphs: The homeland of cassoulet is the province of Languedoc, especially the towns of Toulouse, Carcassonne, and Castelnaudary. The brotherhood of Cassoulet "La Grande Confrérie du Cassoulet de Castelnaudary" organizes competitions and fairs about Cassoulet.


title: Pyramids (novel)

paragraphs: Pyramids is a fantasy book by Terry Pratchett. It was published in 1989 and it is the seventh book in the Discworld series. It won a British Science Fiction award in 1989.

paragraphs: The main character in the story is a young man called Pteppic who is the crown prince of Djelibeybi, a small country similar to Ancient Egypt. Pteppic returns to rule the country after training as an assassin.

paragraphs: The Guardian said the books "juggle thoughtful ideas with a compelling structure." The Metro said that it "taught us everything we need to know about religion."


title: Denzil Minnan-Wong

paragraphs: Denzil Minnan-Wong (; born ) is a Canadian politician. He is a Toronto city councillor. He is the person that represents Ward 16, an area of Toronto. He is a chairperson of the Employee and Labour Relations Committee in Toronto's municipal government and is also the deputy mayor of Toronto. He is also part of the board of the Toronto Transit Commission and the Toronto Hydro.

paragraphs: In 2018, he ran for election in the 2018 Ontario election in Don Valley East. He represented the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario.

paragraphs: Minnan-Wong first got into city politics in 1994. This was when one of the councillors of North York, Barry Burton, died of cancer. The city council made him a temporary councillor. After that, in the elections later that year, he was elected in. In the 1997 elections, he was elected to the new city council. This was after the amalgamation of Toronto.

paragraphs: In 2011, he supported outsourcing garbage collection. His plan was to outsource garbage collection in the western part of Toronto. This saved the Toronto government $12 million a year. He also supported adding bike lanes to the streets of downtown Toronto. He opposed creating bike lanes before learning how to ride a bike. This created several bike lanes in downtown Toronto. Afterwards, Minnan-Wong helped get Bixi, a bike sharing company, to become operated by the Toronto Parking Authority. This was because Bixi was in debt.

paragraphs: In December 2010, the Toronto City Council put him on the TTC board of directors. He was one of the five people that voted to fire Gary Webster in 2012, who was the General Manager of the TTC. After the firing of Webster, the five people were removed from the TTC Board. They were removed because many of the councillors did not agree with Rob Ford. In 2014 he was put back on the TTC board after John Tory was elected as mayor.

paragraphs: After the provincial election, Minnan-Wong ran for councillor again in the 2018 municipal election. He ran in the new Ward 16 Don Valley East. Before the 2018 election, the Government of Ontario made the number of councillors in the Toronto City Council smaller. He defeated a former politician, David Caplan.

paragraphs: In 2014, John Tory made him one of the deputy mayors of Toronto.

paragraphs: Minnan-Wong got into provincial politics for a short amount of time. On 20 January 2018, the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario announced that he would be their candidate for Don Valley East. In the Ontario election, he did not win and instead was second in amount of votes. The person that beat him was the Liberal politician Michael Coteau.

paragraphs: Minnan-Wong's father is Denzil Minnan-Wong, Sr. Minnan-Wong, Sr. was a Chinese immigrant that became a well-known member of the Progressive Conservative Party. He went to university at Osgoode Hall Law School. After this, he became a lawyer that would deal with immigration problems.

paragraphs: Minnan-Wong lives in Toronto. He is married and has three children.


title: Vaxxed

paragraphs: Vaxxed: From Cover-Up to Catastrophe is a 2016 American movie pretending that there was a cover-up by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) of a possible link between the MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) vaccine and autism.

paragraphs: People were scared that vaccines might cause autism after an English doctor called Andrew Wakefield wrote a scientific article that said that they did. It was a fraud. When the General Medical Council found out, they took away his licence to be a doctor. The Vaxxed film was made by Andrew Wakefield.

paragraphs: Scientists have looked carefully at the MMR vaccine and found that it does not cause autism.

paragraphs: According to "Variety magazine", the film "purports to investigate the claims of a senior scientist at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention who revealed that the CDC had allegedly manipulated and destroyed data on an important study about autism and the MMR vaccine". This did not happen.


title: Good Hope, Alabama

paragraphs: Good Hope is a city in Cullman County, Alabama, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population of the city was 2,264. It was incorporated in April 1962.


title: Goshen, Alabama

paragraphs: Goshen is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama.


title: Omar Kabbaj

paragraphs: Omar Kabbaj is an advisor to King Mohammed VI of Morocco, since 22 June 2006. He has been the chairman of the African Development Bank from 26 August 1995 to 1 September 2005. He was a member of the International Monetary Fund (1980–1993) board and member of the Board of Directors of the World Bank (1979–1980), and Minister Delegate to the Prime Minister of Morocco, and was in charge of Economic affairs, from 1993 to 1995.

paragraphs: Omar Kabbaj is also a Knight of the Order of the Throne of Morocco. He holds a Master in management from Toulouse Business School.


title: Technology company

paragraphs: A technology company (often tech company) is a type of business that focuses primarily on the development and manufacturing of technology, or providing technology as a service. This can include, for example, business relating to digital electronics, software, and internet-related services, such as e-commerce services.

paragraphs: Apple, Hewlett-Packard, IBM, Amazon, Microsoft, Google, Intel, Oracle, and eBay, among others, are considered technology companies.

paragraphs: Many large tech companies are known for innovation, spending large sums of money annually on research and development. According to PwC's 2017 Global Innovation 1000 ranking, tech companies made up nine of the 20 most innovative companies in the world, with the top R&D spender (as measured by expenditure) being Amazon, followed by Alphabet Inc., and then Intel.

paragraphs: Information technology (IT) companies and high tech companies are subsets of technology companies.


title: Tweed

paragraphs:
Tweed is a word which may mean:
Tweed may be a place name:
Tweed River may refer to:


title: Scabies

paragraphs: Scabies is caused by infection with the female mite "Sarcoptes scabiei". The mite is an ectoparasite. The mite burrows into the skin to live and deposit eggs.

paragraphs: The symptoms of scabies are due to an allergic reaction to the mites. Scabies is usally spread by direct skin contact with an infected person (at least 10 minutes). Spread of disease may occur even if the person has not yet developed symptoms. Crowded living conditions, such as those found in child-care facilities, group homes, and prisons, increase the risk of spread. Areas with a lack of access to water also have higher rates of disease.

paragraphs: The mite is very small and usually not directly visible.


title: Esse quam videri

paragraphs: Esse quam videri is a Latin phrase that means "To be, rather than to seem". It has been used as a motto by a number of different groups. It is the state motto of North Carolina, adopted in 1893.


title: Lynton

paragraphs: Lynton is a small English town on the Exmoor coast in Devon. It stands on top of the cliffs above the picturesque harbour village of Lynmouth. They are connected by the Lynton and Lynmouth Cliff Railway.

paragraphs: Lynton was once the terminus for the narrow gauge Lynton and Barnstaple Railway, which served both towns.


title: Meghana Lokesh

paragraphs: Meghana Lokesh (born 16 August 1994) is an Indian actress. She has worked on Telugu and Kannada television shows including "Sasirekha Parinayam" and "Purushottama". She is currently acting in "Kalyana Vaibhogam" and "Raktha Sambandham" on Zee telugu. She also appeared in movie named "Idhi Maa Prema Katha" opposite Telugu Anchor Ravi.


title: Sai Pallavi

paragraphs: Sai Pallavi Senthamarai (born 9 May 1992), commonly known as Sai Pallavi, is an Indian actress who appears in Malayalam, Tamil, and Telugu films. She is referred to by her fans as "Lady Natural Star". She is the among the fewTamil actress, to have dubbed in her own voice for all her films, irrespective of language. Sai Pallavi first came into public attention for her role as Malar in the 2015 Malayalam film "Premam" which was a blockbuster success. She was then cast alongside "Dulqar Salman" in the film "Kali" (2016). She made her Telugu debut playing the role Bhanumati in the 2017 romantic film "Fidaa", co-starring with Varun Tej. She made her Tamil debut with the film titled Diya(2018) directed by A.L Vijay. Her portrayal of "Malar" in "Premam"(2015) earned her the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut – South, SIIMA Award for Best Debut Female, IBN Live Award for Best Southern Debut and Asiant Film Award Most Poular Actress. "Kochi Times" named her in its "List of 15 Most Desirable Women in 2016". She won the Filmfare Award for Best Telugu Actress for her performance in Fidaa (2017).she acted in athiran with Fahad fasil in2019 which was a huge success in mollywood

paragraphs: Sai Pallavi was born on 9th May 1992 in Kotagiri, Tamil Nadu to Senthamarai Kannan and Radha. She has a younger sister, Pooja, who has also worked as an actor. Sai Pallavi grew up and was educated in Coimbatore. Her Mother Tongue is Badaga. Sai Pallavi is in the health care industry by profession. She completed medical studies at the Tbilisi State Medical University, Georgia in 2016.

paragraphs: Sai Pallavi appeared in uncredited roles as a child actress in Kasthuri Maan (2005) and Dhaam Dhoom (2008).She had also done a Tamil Short Film named 'Kaatchi Pizhai' before her debut in the movies.

paragraphs: Pallavi debuted as a main Female lead in the 2015 movie Premam alongside Nivin Pauly. She played the role of a Malar, a college teacher. She went on to win several "Best Female Debut" awards that year, including the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut – South. Premam grossed an estimated sum of ₹60 crore (US$8.7 million) worldwide making it one of the highest-grossing Malayalam films of all time. It became the first Malayalam film to run for over 200 days in Tamil Nadu.

paragraphs: In 2016, She Paired opposite Dulqar Salman for her next Malayalam Film Kali.

paragraphs: She made her Telugu Debut in the Year 2017 with the film Fidaa. For which she has won Filmfare for Best Telugu Actress. She also appeared in MCA(2017) along with Nani.

paragraphs: She made her Tamil Debut with the movie Diya(2018).


title: Lion of Kea

paragraphs: The Lion of Kea is the name of a gigantic archaic sculpture of a guardian lion, chiselled from a single block of local limestone. It was most likely done in the 6th century BC, when the island of Kea, Greece, was known as Cheos.

paragraphs: Very little else is known about this 9 m long sculpture, which even today stands "in situ" near the village of Ioulida.


title: Neosho River

paragraphs: Neosho River is a river in Arkansas River.


title: Vispa

paragraphs: Vispa is a river in the canton of Valais, Switzerland. It gives the name to the city of Visp.

paragraphs: Vispa comes from the confluence of the Matter Vispa, which flows into the Mattertal valley and the Saaser Vispa, which flows into the Saastal valley, near Stalden. It runs about in the Vispertal valley and flows into the Rhône near Visp.


title: Grimes, Alabama

paragraphs: Grimes is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama.


title: Lorze

paragraphs: Lorze is the main river of the Canton of Zug, Switzerland. It flows from Ägerisee through Lake Zug into the Reuss.


title: Gurley, Alabama

paragraphs: Gurley is a town of Madison County in the state of Alabama, in the United States.


Komoé River


title: Midway, Alabama

paragraphs: Midway is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama.


title: Touba

paragraphs: Touba is a city in central Senegal. In 2010, 529,176 people lived there. It is the second most populated Senegalese city after the capital Dakar. It is the holy city of Mouridism.


title: Midway, Utah

paragraphs: Midway is a city in Wasatch County in the state of Utah, in the United States.


title: Haleburg, Alabama

paragraphs: Haleburg is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama.


title: Harpersville, Alabama

paragraphs: Harpersville is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama.


title: Highland Lake, Alabama

paragraphs: Highland Lake is a town in Blount County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 412.


title: Hayden, Alabama

paragraphs: Hayden is a town in Blount County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 444.


title: Locust Fork, Alabama

paragraphs: Locust Fork is a town in Blount County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 1,186 people, up from 1,016 in 2000.


title: Nectar, Alabama

paragraphs: Nectar is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama.


title: Bedford County

paragraphs: Bedford County is the name of three counties in the United States:


title: Avusy

paragraphs: Avusy is a municipality in the canton of Geneva in Switzerland.


title: Deaths in September 2018

paragraphs: The following is a list of deaths that should be noted in September 2018. For deaths that should be noted before the month that the world is in, please see "Months". Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are noted here also if it is worth noting.

paragraphs: Each listing of a death must have a source. If no reference is included, the death notice will be removed. The following are the requirements of adding a name to the list in its order: name, age, where they came from, what the person is known for, cause of death (if known) and a source.


title: Morris G. Hallock

paragraphs: Morris G. Hallock (February 17, 1926 – August 11, 2018) was an American politician. He was born in Springview, Nebraska. He was a member of the South Dakota House of Representatives in the 1950s and 1960s. He was a Republican.

paragraphs: In the 1950s, Hallock also was Secretary of Finance in the South Dakota Government.

paragraphs: Hallock died in Sioux Falls, South Dakota on August 11, 2018 from Parkinson's disease, aged 92.


title: Springview, Nebraska

paragraphs: Springview is a village in, and the county seat of, Keya Paha County, Nebraska. The population was 242 at the 2010 census.


title: Charles Gain

paragraphs: Charles Gain (November 1, 1923 – August 21, 2018) was an American police official. He was born in Hanford, California. He first was police chief for Oakland, California, then as chief in San Francisco in the 1970s.

paragraphs: In 1975, Gain was appointed to run the San Francisco Police Department by Mayor George Moscone and was until 1980.

paragraphs: Gain died from respiratory failure in San Francisco on August 21, 2018 at the age of 94.


title: Hanford, California

paragraphs: Hanford is a city and the county seat of Kings County, California. The California Department of Finance estimated that the city's population was 55,645 as of January 1, 2017.


title: Richard Kadison

paragraphs: Richard Victor Kadison (July 25, 1925 – August 22, 2018) was an American mathematician. He was born in New York City. Kadison was known for his works to the study of operator algebras. Kadison was a member of the National Academy of Sciences from 1996 until his death in 2018.

paragraphs: Kadison died on August 22, 2018 in New York City from heart failure at the age of 93.


title: Barrie Dunsmore

paragraphs: Barrie Dunsmore (1939 – 26 August 2018) was a Canadian journalist. He covered foreign affairs for ABC News, the American television network for 30 years. He was born in Regina, Saskatchewan.

paragraphs: Former Secretary of State Henry Kissinger said of Dunsmore's book, "This compilation of essays dating from the weeks when he accompanied me on the Midest shuttles in the early 1970's, to his commentaries on the Arab Spring will mark Dunsmore firmly as one of the significant journalists of our era."

paragraphs: Dunsmore died on 26 August 2018 in Charlotte, Vermont at the age of 79.


title: Charlotte, Vermont

paragraphs: Charlotte is a town in Chittenden County, Vermont, United States. The town was named for Sofia Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Queen of England and wife of King George III. The population of the town was 3,754 at the 2010 census.


title: Silvano Campeggi

paragraphs: Silvano "Nano" Campeggi (; January 23, 1923 – August 29, 2018) was an Italian artist. He designed and produced the artwork for the posters of many classic Hollywood movies. He was born in Florence, Italy. Campeggi was known for his poster designs for "Casablanca", "Singin' in the Rain", and "Breakfast at Tiffany's".

paragraphs: Campeggi died on August 29, 2018 in Florence from respiratory failure at the age of 95.


title: Gary Friedrich

paragraphs: Gary Friedrich (; August 21, 1943 – August 28, 2018) was an American comic book writer. He was best known for his Silver Age stories for Marvel Comics' "Sgt. Fury and his Howling Commandos", and, in the following era, for the series "The Monster of Frankenstein".

paragraphs: He was also known for co-creating the supernatural motorcyclist the Ghost Rider and the supernatural hero the Son of Satan.

paragraphs: Friedrich died from complications of Parkinson's disease on August 28, 2018 in Hillsboro, Missouri, aged 75.


title: Jackson, Missouri

paragraphs: Jackson is a city in Cape Girardeau County, Missouri, United States. The population was 13,758 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Cape Girardeau County.


title: Hillsboro, Missouri

paragraphs: Hillsboro is a city in Jefferson County, Missouri, United States. The population was 2,821 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Jefferson County.


title: Meghan McCain

paragraphs: Meghan Marguerite McCain (born October 23, 1984) is an American columnist, author, former Fox News contributor, and current co-host of "The View".


title: David Garcia

paragraphs: David Garcia is an American politician and educator. He was the Democratic Party's nominee in the 2018 Arizona gubernatorial election. He lost to Doug Ducey.

paragraphs: Garcia is an associate professor at Arizona State University's Mary Lou Fulton Teachers College.


title: Alexander Zakharchenko

paragraphs: Alexander Vladimirovich Zakharchenko (, ; 26 June 1976 – 31 August 2018) was a Ukrainian separatist leader. He was the head of state and Prime Minister of the self-proclaimed state and a rebel group Donetsk People's Republic, which declared independence from Ukraine on 11 May 2014.

paragraphs: Zakharchenko was assassinated by a bombing in Donetsk, on 31 August 2018, aged 42.


title: Stan Brock

paragraphs: Stan Brock (April 21, 1936 – August 29, 2018) was a British philanthropist. He founded the charity Remote Area Medical in 1985. "The Independent" states his work rescued millions of uninsured Americans. He was very critical of the American healthcare system. Brock was born in Preston, Lancashire, England.

paragraphs: Brock died at RAM Headquarters in Rockford, Tennessee, on August 29, 2018 from a heart attack at the age of 82.


title: Rockford, Tennessee

paragraphs: Rockford is a city in Blount County, Tennessee, United States. Its population was 798 at the 2000 census and 856 at the 2010 census. It is included in the Knoxville, Tennessee Metropolitan Statistical Area.


title: Education Loan Finance

paragraphs: Education Loan Finance, also known as ELFI, is a division of SouthEast Bank based in Knoxville, Tennessee. Launched in December 2015, ELFI is a national private lending company that refinances graduate and undergraduate student loan debt. In 2016, the company introduced a state-of-the-art loan application system, designed for borrowers to consolidate outstanding education loans into one single loan. By January 2020, the company completed over $1 billion in student loan refinancing.

paragraphs: ELFI primarily focuses on refinancing student loans for undergraduate and graduate borrowers. The borrower and cosigner must be U.S. citizens or permanent resident clients without conditions and with proper evidence of eligibility. Additionally, the borrower must have a minimum loan amount of $15,000, earned a Bachelor's degree or higher, have a minimum income of $35,000 and a minimum credit score of 680. There are no application fees, origination fees or prepayment penalties when refinancing student loans with Education Loan Finance. The refinancing program has received generally favorable reviews from companies and borrowers.

paragraphs: In October 2016, ELFI introduced a new Parent PLUS loan refinancing program, whereby parents who borrowed federal Parent PLUS loans to finance their children's undergraduate education can refinance those loans through ELFI.

paragraphs: In August 2018, ELFI expanded its student loan lending platform to include direct student loans for undergraduates, graduates and parents of students to finance post-secondary education.

paragraphs: SouthEast Bank’s parent company Educational Services of America, Inc. has awarded over $20 million for scholarships and provide financial literacy to borrowers since its inception.


title: Fisheye lens

paragraphs: A fisheye lens (or fish eye lens) is a wide-angle lens, which has an very wide angle of view. Unlike normal wide angle lenses, fisheye lernses use Gnomonic projection, which will distort the image. Straight lines which do not run through the center of the image will be shown as curved ones. Common fisheye lenses have angles of view between 180 and 220 degrees. Prototypes have been built with angles of view as large as 270 and even 310 degrees. Due to their construction, conventional wide angle lenses cannot reach angles of view greater than 180 degrees. Even though they have very wide angles of view, fisheye lenses show less vignetting. Vignetting occurs when the border of the image is much darker than the center.

paragraphs: Because of their wide angle of view, fisheye lenses are often used in cameras used for surveillance.


title: Public inquiry

paragraphs: A public inquiry (or tribunal of inquiry) is an official review ordered by a government body.

paragraphs: It is used in many common law countries, such as the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia and Canada. The idea is also used in many other countries, perhaps not with the same title. It is an expression of democracy, that in some cases people and groups should be able to have their voice heard directly. The issues at stake may be of a local kind, or special to a particular group of people.

paragraphs: A public inquiry differs from a Royal Commission. A public inquiry accepts evidence, conducts its hearings in public and deals with a specific occurrence. Interested members of the public and organisations may make oral or written submissions, and listen to oral evidence given by other parties.

paragraphs: Research on the effects of public inquiries suggests they may not do much to change people's minds. However, it is normal for a public enquiry to be about some controversy. That is the point of the exercise.


title: Gentleman

paragraphs: A gentleman is an historical term used in the British class system for an educated man who is wealthy. Its significance is that in a class system, people were educated, lived and worked in quite different ways according to the circumstances of their birth. This is behind the otherwise strange divide in sports like cricket between amateur and professionals (who often played in the same side), and between Rugby Union and Rugby League.

paragraphs: This distinction is needed to understand many of the novels, plays, and films of the pre-WWII era. Similar distinctions ran in most other countries before the modern era. Consider the characters in Tolstoy's "War and Peace" as an example.


title: Anushka Sharma

paragraphs: Anushka Sharma (; born 1 May 1988) is an Indian actress and movie producer. She is one of the most popular and highest-paid actresses in India. She acts in Bollywood movies. She has won many awards including one Filmfare Award from seven nominations. She was born in Ayodhya and raised in Bangalore. She is married to the Indian cricketer Virat Kohli.

paragraphs: Her debut movie was "Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi" (2008) in which she acted with Shah Rukh Khan. "Sultan" (2016), "PK" (2014), "Jab Tak Hai Jaan", "Ae Dil Hai Mushkil" and "Sanju" are some of her famous movies.


title: Michael Sheehan

paragraphs: Michael Jarboe Sheehan (born July 9, 1939) is a retired American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He was the eleventh Archbishop of Santa Fe. He was the Bishop of Lubbock from 1983 to 1993. He was born in Wichita, Kansas.

paragraphs: In August 2018, Sheehan was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease.


title: Shirley Abrahamson

paragraphs: Shirley S. Abrahamson (born December 17, 1933) is an American politician and lawyer. She is a member and former Chief Justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court. She was appointed to the court in 1976 by Governor Patrick Lucey. She became first woman on Wisconsin's high court.

paragraphs: She was the only woman on the court from 1976 until 1993. Abrahamson was re-elected to the Supreme Court in 1979, 1989, 1999, and 2009. She became Chief Justice on August 1, 1996 and served until April 29, 2015.

paragraphs: On May 30, 2018, Abrahamson announced she would not seek re-election to the Wisconsin Supreme Court in 2019.

paragraphs: In August 2018, Abrahamson announced she was diagnosed with cancer.


title: Daugava River

paragraphs: The Daugava () or Western Dvina is a river rising in the Valdai Hills, Russia, flowing through Russia, Belarus, and Latvia and into the Gulf of Riga. The total length of the river is : in Russia, in Belarus, and in Latvia.

paragraphs: Within Latvia it flows through Latgale, Zemgale, Vidzeme and Riga, before flowing into the Gulf of Riga.


title: Hillsboro, Alabama

paragraphs: Hillsboro is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama.


title: North Courtland, Alabama

paragraphs: North Courtland is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama.


title: Town Creek, Alabama

paragraphs: Town Creek is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama.


title: Oakville, Alabama

paragraphs: Oakville is an unincorporated community in Lawrence County, Alabama, United States.


title: Hobson City, Alabama

paragraphs: Hobson City is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama.


title: Ohatchee, Alabama

paragraphs: Ohatchee is a town in Calhoun County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census, the population was 1,170. It was incorporated in 1956.


title: Cape Girardeau County, Missouri

paragraphs: Cape Girardeau County is a county located in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Missouri; its eastern border is formed by the Mississippi River. As of the 2010 U.S. Census, the population was 75,674. The county seat is Jackson, the first city in the US to be named in honor of President Andrew Jackson. It was founded on October 1, 1812.


title: Blount County

paragraphs: Blount County is the name of two counties in the United States:


title: Blount County, Tennessee

paragraphs: Blount County is a county in the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2010 census, the population was 123,010. It had an estimated population of 126,339 in 2014. The county seat is Maryville, which is also the county's largest city.


title: Alexander County

paragraphs: Alexander County is the name of two counties in the United States:


title: John Venn

paragraphs: John Venn, FRS, FSA, (4 August 1834 – 4 April 1923) was an English logician and philosopher. He introduced the Venn diagram. The Venn diagram is one of many ways to represent logical relationships. It is well-known because it is easy to understand, and is used in elementary set theory, probability, logic, statistics, competition math, and computer science.

paragraphs: In 1883, Venn was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. In 1884, he was awarded a Sc.D. by Cambridge.


title: S Orionis

paragraphs: S Orionis is a Mira variable star found in the Orion constellation. It has a diameter 530 times larger than that of the Sun.


title: W Hydrae

paragraphs: W Hydrae is a red giant star. It has a size 520 times larger than the Sun, but this can change. It is one of the largest known stars.


title: Rho Cassiopeiae

paragraphs: Rho Cassiopeiae is a yellow hypergiant star, the brightest one in the night sky. It is located in the constellation Cassiopeia. It is also one of the largest, with a size 450 times larger than the Sun.


title: HR 5171

paragraphs: HR 5171 is a yellow hypergiant star, and the largest of its type. Its size is over 1,300 (or 1,500) times larger and 630,000 times brighter than the Sun. It is orbited by a smaller yellow hypergiant and blue star.


title: Quaker State 400

paragraphs: The Quaker State 400 presented by Walmart, commonly known as the Quaker State 400, is a annual Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series race held at Kentucky Speedway in Sparta, Kentucky, It is held as the nineteenth race of the season and is held in conjunction with the NASCAR Xfinity Series and the Camping World Truck Series, The inaugural event was held on July 9, 2011 and was won by Kyle Busch, From 2012 to 2014, the race has been held before the Coke Zero Sugar 400 at Daytona International Speedway on Independence Day weekend, From 2015 to 2017, The race moved back two weeks preceding Daytona and New Hampshire, In 2018, the race became the 19th race of the season as the Foxwoods Resort Casino 301 at New Hampshire Motor Speedway which became the 20th race of the season.

paragraphs: Martin Truex Jr. enters as defending winner.

paragraphs: The event eventuated a lawsuit in which Kentucky Speedway claimed NASCAR had violated federal antitrust laws in 2005. In 2008, The speedway was sold to Bruton Smith, hoping that the track could hold a race by 2011 and after four years, the former speedway owners abandoned the lawsuit. In August 2010, NASCAR announced that the track could hold a Cup Series event in 2011. Seven months later, Royal Dutch Shell's Quaker State brand was announced to sponsor the 267-lap race held on July 9, 2011, and was won by Kyle Busch. The race was plagued by a massive traffic problem where many of the fans were expected to attend the race were turned away after several hours on Interstate 71. Following the problem, Kentucky Speedway announced that they bought more land for parking and began to work with the state government to improve the track around the speedway in time for the 2012 race.

paragraphs: On June 16, 2015, NASCAR announced a new aero package would be used for the 2015 race. The changes include a smaller rear spoiler and other adjustments that significantly reduced aerodynamic downforce. The spoiler was decreased to tall, There was also a wide splitter extension. In addition, Tires supplied to Goodyear provided drivers with more grip. "We want to see more load changes on the racetrack", NASCAR Executive Vice-President and Chief Racing Development Officer Steve O'Donnell said in a media teleconference, "We will evaluate and a number of factors coming out of Kentucky, and see what we can learn and implement down the road". Originally, the package was to be used at last year's All Star Race, but the plan was scrubbed and NASCAR opted to use the package for a points race. "Let me be clear. This is not a test, this is a race" O'Donnell said of the rules package will be in effect for the 18th round of the 2015 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series. "We had an extensive testing plan with this industry over the past 18 months. We couldn't implement this if we didn't feel confident as an industry to implement it at Kentucky.

paragraphs: Since 2015, the race trophy has been in the form of a Crosley jukebox.


title: Ken Thompson

paragraphs: Kenneth Lane "Ken" Thompson (born February 4, 1943 in New Orleans, Louisiana) is an American computer scientist. He is the co-creator of UNIX operating system.

paragraphs: Thompson received a Bachelor of Science (1965) and Master's degree (1966) in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science from University of California, Berkeley.

paragraphs: In 1969, Thompson and colleague Dennis Ritchie created the UNIX operating system at Bell Telephone Laboratories. UNIX was a scaled-down version of the Multics operating system, one meant to run on the new smaller minicomputers becoming available at the end of the 1960s. When re-written in the C programming language by Dennis Ritchie, UNIX became a truly portable operating system capable of running on many different hardware platforms.


title: Aloe Blacc

paragraphs: Aloe Blacc (born January 7, 1979) is an American musician, singer, songwriter, record producer, actor, businessman and philanthropist. His first album, Shine Through was released in 2006 by Stones Throw Records. He is best known for his singles "I Need a Dollar", "The Man", which topped the charts in the United Kingdom. He is also known for writing and performing vocals on Avicii's "Wake Me Up", which topped the charts in 22 countries.


title: Theocritus

paragraphs: Theocritus was a Greek poet. He was born c. 300 BC in Syracuse, Sicily and died after 260 BC. Theocritus was the inventor of pastoral poetry (poetry about shepherds). His poems were called idylls which perhaps means "little poems". Very little is known about his life but at various times he lived in Sicily, Cos and Alexandria.


title: Auditorium 6

paragraphs: Auditorium 6 is a 2017 American short comedic horror movie directed, written, produced, and edited by Chris Stuckmann. It stars Matthew Brando, KateLynn E. Newberry, Rob Grant, George Tutie, Tara O. Horvath, and Sam Liz. The movie premiered in Cleveland, Ohio on October 25, 2017.

paragraphs: A night janitor takes a job working for an old movie theater and is warned of its sinister history. When he encounters the presence that haunts the theater, something unexpected happens.

paragraphs: The movie's premiere was held in Cleveland, Ohio, on October 25, 2017. Since then, the movie has gone to several different film festivals.

paragraphs: Tyler Hummel from Geeks Under Grace praised the film and said ""Auditorium 6" carries both a genuine energy, enthusiasm, and talent that suggests to me that Mr. Stuckmann could become quite a good independent director." Horror Geek Life writer Curt Oglesbee scored the film 4 out of 5 stars, and said "Chris Stuckmann‘s "Auditorium 6" is an ode to that particular relationship with film, made by movie lovers FOR movie lovers."


title: Tim Richmond

paragraphs: Timothy Lee "Tim" Richmond (June 7, 1955 – August 13, 1989), was a NASCAR driver from Ashland, Ohio who had his career cut short when he contracted HIV and died of complications of AIDS.

paragraphs: Richmond was born in Ashland, Ohio, and unlike many other NASCAR drivers, was born into wealth and did not grow up with auto racing, He did not begin racing until the age of 21, when drove a Sprint Car owned by a friend, but he knew instantly that it was to be his vocation.

paragraphs: Tim Richmond was a perrineal playboy. Growing up in wealth, he always appreciated that the best things and was flamboyant especially in comparison to other gruff, working class of the drivers like Dale Earnhardt, Richard Petty and Cale Yarborough. Richmond had expensive tastes in food and drink and lived a fast lifestyle that mirrored his on-track preferences.

paragraphs: He continued to the open-wheel circuits, racing in the 1980 Indianapolis 500 finishing ninth, He decided to move on into stock-car racing in NASCAR, where he spent the rest of his days. His first few seasons, He bounced from team to team looking for a permanent ride, which he found 1982, He raced in 26 events, winning twice and finishing in the top 5 seven times, but only finished 26th in Winston Cup standings.

paragraphs: However, at the tail end of the 1986 season, Richmond was feeling noticeably ill, Following the season, he checked into a clinic and discovered that he had AIDS, and which at the time, was a little understood disease, Despite his illness, Richmond worked to regain his strength and in 1987, He returned in midseason and subsequently won two races at Pocono and Riverside. However, his health started deteriorating and so did his results, Richmond would race in six more events before being told not to race by NASCAR.

paragraphs: In 1988, Richmond tried to make another run with NASCAR, but NASCAR was only concerned about Richmond's health, but also about he contracted AIDS in the first place, They subjected Richmond (and Richmond alone) to a drug test, and several days later, NASCAR announced that he was suspended indefinitely for testing positive for banned substances. Richmond was livid saying that he did not take any banned substances and demanded another test, which he passed. NASCAR later admitted that the only two substances found was Sudafed and Advil. They also released the permanent ban, but refused to allow Richmond to drive again until he surrendered his medical records that said he had AIDS.

paragraphs: Tim Richmond finally retired to West Palm Beach, Florida, where he lived in seclusion with his mother until his death on August 13, 1989.

paragraphs: In recent years, NASCAR has suspended drivers with drug violations, Busch Series driver Shane Hmiel was suspended twice (2003 and 2005), before he was suspended for life in 2006, while Kevin Grubb was also suspended for failing a drug test, and Craftsman Truck Series driver Brian Rose was also suspended in 2003 for failing a drug test. Many continue to point the incident with Richmond, to show that an extremely "good ol' boy" system is still in place with NASCAR.

paragraphs: In the movie, Days of Thunder was loosely based on Richmond's life, with Tom Cruise's character (Cole Trickle), inspired by Richmond, while Robert Duvall's (Harry Hogge) inspired by crew chief Harry Hyde, and Randy Quaid's (Tim Daland), inspired by owner Rick Hendrick.

paragraphs: Richmond was inducted into the International Motorsports Hall of Fame in 2002.


title: Languages with official status in India

paragraphs: This is a list of languages with official status in India:


title: Margit Sandemo

paragraphs: Margit Sandemo (, 23 April 1924 – 1 September 2018) was a Norwegian-Swedish author. She had been the best-selling author in the Nordic Countries since the 1980s, when her novel series of 47 books, "The Legend of the Ice People", was published. She also wrote many other book series such as "Häxmästaren" and "Legenden om Ljusets rike".

paragraphs: Sandemo was born on 23 April 1924 in Lena, Norway and died on 1 September 2018 in Scania, Sweden at the age of 94.


title: Hodges, Alabama

paragraphs: Hodges is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama.


title: Phil Campbell, Alabama

paragraphs: Phil Campbell is a town in the state of Alabama in the United States.


title: Vina, Alabama

paragraphs: Vina is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama.


title: Ray Barry

paragraphs: William Raymond Barry (October 4, 1928 – August 28, 2018) was an American-born Canadian professional ice hockey player. He played 18 games in the National Hockey League. He also played for the Boston Bruins and the Hershey Bears in the 1951-52 season.

paragraphs: Barry was born in Revere, Massachusetts and raised in Edmonton, Alberta. He died on August 28, 2018 in Calgary, aged 89.


title: Shorter, Alabama

paragraphs: Shorter is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama.


title: Notasulga, Alabama

paragraphs: Notasulga is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama.


title: Nauvoo, Alabama

paragraphs: Nauvoo is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama.


title: Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod

paragraphs: The Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod (LCMS or Missouri Synod) is a Lutheran denomination in the United States. It has 2 million members. This makes it the second-largest Lutheran group in the country. The LCMS was organized in 1847 at a meeting in Chicago, Illinois. At first it was called the German Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Missouri, Ohio, and Other States ().

paragraphs: The LCMS has congregations in all 50 U.S. states and two Canadian provinces. More than half of its members are located in the Midwest. It is a member of the International Lutheran Council. The LCMS's headquarters are in Kirkwood, Missouri.

paragraphs: The current president has been Matthew C. Harrison since September 1, 2010.

paragraphs: The Missouri Synod was started by several communities of German Lutherans in the United States. F. C. D. Wyneken did mission work in Indiana, Ohio, and Michigan. Martin Stephan started a community of Lutherans in Perry County, Missouri, and St. Louis, Missouri. Wilhelm Löhe sent missionaries to Michigan and Ohio.

paragraphs: In the Kingdom of Saxony in the 19th century, Lutheran pastor Martin Stephan and many of his followers thought that their church would be forced to merge with the Reformed church. Because of this, Stephan and between 600 and 700 other Saxon Lutherans left Germany to move to the United States in November 1838. They had five ships.

paragraphs: Their ships arrived between December 31, 1838, and January 20, 1839, in New Orleans. One ship was lost at sea. Afterwards, they settled in Perry County, Missouri. At first, Stephan was the bishop. Later, other members said that Stephan was corrupt and a fornicator, so he was kicked out. This made C. F. W. Walther the new leader.

paragraphs: In 1842, a German pastor named Wilhelm Löhe started sending missionaries to America. They started congregations in Ohio, Michigan, and Indiana.

paragraphs: In 1844 and 1845, the three groups listed above (the Saxons, the Löhe missionaries, and Wyneken) started talking about starting a synod. On April 26, 1847, twelve pastors met in Chicago, Illinois, and officially started the "German Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Missouri, Ohio and Other States". Walther was the first president.

paragraphs: The synod was conservative. Löhe left because he disagreed with some of its doctrine.

paragraphs: In 1857 and 1872, the LCMS entered into fellowship with five other conservative Lutheran synods. These groups formed the Evangelical Lutheran Synodical Conference of North America.

paragraphs: For the thirty years after it started, the Missouri Synod focused on German-speaking Lutherans. In 1872, members of the Missouri Synod, along with three other synods, started the "English Evangelical Lutheran Conference of Missouri". This group focused on English-speakers. It became an independent synod in 1888 and merged with the LCMS in 1911.

paragraphs: English became more common in the LCMS during the first two decades of the 20th century. Some churched dropped all German services.

paragraphs: In 1947, the synod shortened its name to "The Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod". In 1964, the National Evangelical Lutheran Church, an historically Finnish-American Lutheran church, merged with the LCMS. In 1971, the Synod of Evangelical Lutheran Churches, an historically Slovak-American church, merged with the LCMS.

paragraphs: The Synodical Conference broke up in 1963. Six years later, the LCMS formed the Lutheran Council in the United States of America (LCUSA) with several other Lutheran synods. These were moderate and liberal. Afterwards, the LCMS started becoming more conservative again.

paragraphs: Some of the more liberal professors and students left Concordia Seminary and started Seminex. In 1976, about 250 of the more liberal congregations left the Synod. Then the LCMS left the LCUSA.

paragraphs: In the early 20th century, the LCMS sent missionaries to Brazil and Argentina. The Brazil District and the Argentina District were started, which at first were part of the LCMS. In the 1980s, they became independent synods.

paragraphs: The LCMS had congregations in Canada. In 1988, the Canadian congregations became an independent synod, the Lutheran Church-Canada. A small number of churches in Ontario and Quebec are still in the LCMS.

paragraphs: The Missouri Synod believes that the Bible is the first source for the teachings of the church, and that the Bible is best explained by the Book of Concord. The Missouri Synod also teaches biblical inerrancy, which is the teaching that the Bible does not have errors.

paragraphs: The Missouri Synod believes that justification comes from God "by divine grace alone, through faith alone, on account of Christ alone." It teaches that faith in Jesus is the only way to eternal salvation. God gives people grace through the Word of God and the Sacraments. The synod does not have an official definition of sacrament. This means that some Missouri Synod Lutherans may disagree about how many sacraments there are. All agree that Baptism and Communion are sacraments.

paragraphs: In the LCMS, babies are baptized, as well as children and adults.

paragraphs: The LCMS teaches that the body and blood of Jesus are truly present in the Eucharist. The synod practices closed communion. This mean that normally, only confirmed members of an LCMS church (or a church that has fellowship with the LCMS) can participate in communion at an LCMS church.

paragraphs: LCMS pastors are usually required to have a four-year bachelor's degree (in any discipline), as well as a four-year Master of Divinity degree. The latter degree can be earned from one of these institutions: Concordia Seminary in St. Louis, Concordia Theological Seminary in Fort Wayne, Indiana or at the two seminaries run by the Lutheran Church–Canada. After they receive this degree, pastors are called to a church and are ordained.

paragraphs: The LCMS is led by a synod president, who must have been ordained. He is elected by synod members at a synodical convention. This convention is held every three years. The current president is Rev. Dr. Matthew C. Harrison.

paragraphs: The entire synod is divided into 35 districts, usually representing a specific geographic area. There are two non-geographic districts (the English District and the SELC District). The English District and the SELC District used to be their own synods, but they merged with the LCMS.

paragraphs: Each district is led by an elected district president, who must have been ordained. The districts are subdivided into circuits. Each circuit is led by a circuit visitor, who must be a pastor at one of the local churches.

paragraphs: The LCMS is a member of the International Lutheran Council. It also has fellowship with the American Association of Lutheran Churches (AALC).


title: Vinicius and Tom

paragraphs: Vinicius is the mascot of the 2016 Summer Olympics, and Tom is the mascot of the 2016 Summer Paralympics. The mascots represent Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Vinicius represents Brazilian animals, and his body has parts of cats, monkeys, and birds. Tom represents Brazilian plant life.

paragraphs: A Brazilian company called Birdo made the mascots. The Olympic organizers only wanted mascots made by Brazilian companies. The organizers chose Birdo's mascots in August 2013, and they showed them to the public on 23 November 2014, but the mascots did not have names yet at that time. The organizers asked the public to choose names for them. The public chose to name the mascots after Vinicius de Moraes and Tom Jobim. Vinicius de Moraes and Tom Jobim wrote the song "The Girl from Ipanema".

paragraphs: The Olympic organizers made a children's television series about the mascots. The Rio organizers also made many toys and other merchandise of the mascots. The organizers gave wrestling coaches soft dolls of Vinicius. If the coaches did not like a referee's call, then they would throw the doll into the ring. Many people thought that this was funny. Paralympic medalists got special dolls of Tom. They were special because the leaves on Tom's head were the same color as their medals. Some observers liked how the mascots looked. Others thought they looked strange.

paragraphs: The organizers of the 2016 Summer Olympics (Rio 2016) started to ask for mascot designs in November 2012. The events were going to be held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, so the Olympic organizers only wanted designs from Brazilian companies. Directors from the Brazilian film festival Anima Mundi helped the Rio 2016 organizers choose the mascots.

paragraphs: After looking at the designs, the Rio 2016 organizers chose three of them and asked children to help them choose the final mascot. The children were six to twelve years old and were from either Rio de Janeiro or São Paulo. The organizers gave the three designs to the children, but they did not tell the children that they were for the Olympics. The organizers only told the kids about the mascots' personalities. The children responded with comments such as "'This is my friend', 'This one seems stuck-up', 'This one has cool hair'; and 'That one looks silly'". The organizers used the children's comments to make the mascot designs better.

paragraphs: A group of judges chose the final mascots in August 2013. The group included members of the Rio 2016 organizers, the International Olympic Committee, the Brazilian Olympic Committee, and the Brazilian Paralympic Committee, and people who worked in animation, illustration, advertising and market research. All of the judges agreed to choose a set of two mascots, one for the Olympic Games and the other for the Paralympic Games. A São Paulo-based animation company named Birdo created these mascots. Birdo and the organizers began to create content featuring the mascots, working in secrecy.

paragraphs: The organizers showed the public the mascots on 23 November 2014, but they had not yet decided what to name them. On 24 November 2014, the mascots appeared publicly in costumes for the first time at the Ginásio Experimental Olímpico Juan Antonio Samaranch, a school for talented young athletes in Rio. The organizers let the public pick the names of the mascots in an online vote. There were three candidates in the vote:

paragraphs: The voting ended after three weeks on 14 December 2014. "Vinicius and Tom" won with 44 percent of 323,327 votes.

paragraphs: In the sport of wrestling, coaches may challenge a referee's call by throwing a "soft object" into the ring. This is normally a foam brick, but wrestling rules do not exactly say what the soft object must be. The Rio 2016 organizers gave wrestling coaches soft plush dolls of Vinicius to throw into the ring when they wished to challenge a call. One wrestler's coach got a Vinicius doll with a red shirt, while the opponent's coach got one with a blue shirt.

paragraphs: Many people thought this was funny. NBC Sports commentators started to call Vinicius "the challenge mascot". Dustin Nelson, a news writer for the website "Thrillist", wrote that the mascot took "a little of the anger out of a challenge". Jason Bryant, the official commentator for wrestling at the 2016 Olympics, was surprised to see this at the Olympics because there is a lot of emphasis on "protocol" at the Olympics. However, Byrant eventually said that it does not matter what the challenge object is if it has cultural importance to the location of the competition. Coach Mike Malinconico argued that the Olympic organizers should not have done this.

paragraphs: Vinicius is the Olympic mascot, and he is named after Brazilian musician Vinicius de Moraes. Vinicius's design represents Brazilian wildlife. The design combines "the agility of cats, sway of monkeys and grace of birds." Vinicius can stretch his arms and legs as long as he wants. His mission is "to spread joy throughout the world and celebrate the friendship that flourishes between people from all over the world" at the Olympic Games.

paragraphs: Tom is the Paralympic mascot, and is he named after Brazilian musician Tom Jobim. Tom's design represents the plants of Brazilian forests. Tom can pull any object out of his head. His mission is "to inspire everybody to use creativity and determination to always reach further and have fun."

paragraphs: Vinicius and Tom "were both born from the joy of Brazilians" after the International Olympic Committee chose Rio de Janeiro to host the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics. The mascots are named after Vinicius de Moraes and Tom Jobim, who co-wrote the 1962 bossa nova song "The Girl from Ipanema".

paragraphs: On 5 August 2015, Cartoon Network Brazil started to broadcast animated short films with the mascots. The series is named "Vinicius e Tom – Divertidos por Natureza" ("Vinicius and Tom – Fun by Nature" or "Vinicius and Tom – Natural Entertainers"). The series has 32 episodes. Each episode is two minutes long. "Divertidos por Natureza" is the third television cartoon series based on Olympic mascots. It is also the first cartoon created in the Americas based on Olympic mascots. The show follows Vinicius and Tom as they live in Brazilian forests and cities. The mascots are also sometimes joined by the "Carioca Sisters" (). The sisters are named Bela, Sol, and Vida.

paragraphs: The series is designed to promote the mascots. Turner Broadcasting System, the owner of Cartoon Network, spent US$750,000 to develop the series. Cartoon Network helped to coproduce the series because it won a competition held by the Rio 2016 organizers to select a collaborator for the series. Brand director Beth Lula said that the mascots "are one of the principal methods of engaging the public with the Games. The cartoon will give them life, reinforcing the emotional link of the public with the event." The series is targeted towards children, but the show's staff said that adults will like it too too.

paragraphs: The mascots were included among the merchandise of the Rio 2016 Games. Merchandise items ranged in size from a Lego kit to life-size dolls. The organizers gave Paralympic medalists stuffed toys of Tom. They colored the leaves on the dolls' heads in gold, silver, or bronze in order to match with their medals. The Vinicius and Tom Lego kit is the first time that Lego made a commercial version of Olympic mascots. An employee at a Rio 2016 merchandise store said that the mascots were "the most popular thing by far. ... Kids and adults all love them, especially Vinicius, he is the favourite."

paragraphs: The Rio 2016 Organizing Committee thought that the mascots could make up a quarter of merchandise sales in Rio. Overall, merchandise sales were 11 percent higher than what they thought, according to Rio 2016 spokesperson Mario Andrada. The best-selling item was a hat in the shape of Vinicius's head. The second-best-selling item was a pair of Havaianas with a drawing of Vinicius on it.

paragraphs: Julia Glum wrote about Vinicius and Tom in an article in the "International Business Times." She said that the "mascot for the Olympic Games is almost always strange-looking, and Rio de Janeiro is no exception. ... though they're by far not the craziest Olympic animals to ever exist ..." In an article published by "Mic", Brianna Provenzano called the mascots "lovable". She described their appearance as "sweet and simple", and she highlighted their symbolisms for the animals and plants of Brazil. On the other hand, Charlotte Wilder wrote an article in "USA Today"s sports column "For The Win." She said that she was unimpressed by Vinicius's design: "Whoever was in charge of coming up with this creature of the huge hands and feet did exactly what it looks like, which is mash up a bunch of animals, video game characters, and cartoons, stuff it with some synthetic filling, and call it day." Robert John Young, Professor of Wildlife Conservation at the University of Salford, thought that Rio 2016 should have given more attention to environmental protection by using actual animal species instead of inventing their own animal. Young also thought that the organizers should have included a female name in the public vote.

paragraphs: Carlos Merigo wrote on Brazilian website "B9" that the mascots bring back "the colorful, loving and fun atmosphere that marked the Olympic mascots over the decades". Merigo called them a "return to origins" following the "shapelessness" of Wenlock and Mandeville, the mascots of the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. Neha Prakash wrote an article on digital media website "Mashable". Prakash said that Vinicius and Tom "are more nostalgia-inducing than nightmarish" compared to the "terror" of the mascots of the 2014 Winter Olympics. Many people compared the art style of the mascots to that of the "Pokémon" franchise. Stephen Wood wrote an article on the history of Olympic mascots in "Paste", and he compared them to the style of "Adventure Time", an American animated television series. In an article published on "Slate"'s culture blog "Brow Beat", Matthew Dessem wrote that there were no big problems with the mascots when compared to previous Olympic mascots: "Like the best Olympic mascots of yore, Vinicius and Tom are well-suited to plush toys and licensing deals and will be completely forgotten within a year." Leila Cobo wrote an article published by "Billboard", and she praised the organizers of Rio 2016 for "celebrating music in a most joyful and profound way" by naming the Olympic mascot after Vinicius de Moraes.


title: Serayu River

paragraphs: Serayu River is a river in Central Java, Indonesia.


title: Arsène Tchakarian

paragraphs: Arsène Tchakarian (December 21, 1916 – August 4, 2018) was a French-Armenian historian, former tailor and member of the French resistance. He was a member of the Manouchian Group of the FTP-MOI. Tchakarian was the last surviving member of the Manouchian Group ("Groupe Manouchian"), a Paris-based resistance group led by Missak Manouchian. He was born in Sapanca, Ottoman Empire.

paragraphs: Tchakarian died of a heart attack in Villejuif, France on August 4, 2018, aged 101.


title: National Museum of Brazil

paragraphs: The National Museum of Brazil is the oldest scientific institution of Brazil. Until 2018 it had one of the largest collections of natural history and anthropology in the Americas. Despite this, the museum was already in bad condition when it burned in September 2018.

paragraphs: From 2014 the museum had budget cuts that dropped its maintenance to less than R$520,000 annually. The budget was so low, there was $0.01 to spend on each of the artifacts.

paragraphs: The building fell into disrepair, with peeling wall material, exposed electrical wiring, and a termite problem. Some of the artifacts lost in the fire included Egyptian mummies, remains from the oldest human skeleton found in the Americas, frescoes from Pompeii, and dinosaur skeletons.

paragraphs: By June 2018, the museum's 200th anniversary, it had reached a state of near-complete abandonment.

paragraphs: There was an offer from The World Bank to buy the museum for $80m. It was turned down because the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro would have to give up ownership.

paragraphs: On 2 September 2018, at around 19:30 local time, a large fire broke out at the Paço de São Cristóvão. The museum was almost completely destroyed. The museum's holdings included over 20 million items. About 90% were destroyed.

paragraphs: Brazil's President Michel Temer called the loss of the historical and cultural heritage "incalculable". The cause of the fire is not known, but many connected it to the museum's lack of funding.


title: Samuel Conti

paragraphs: Samuel Conti (July 16, 1922 – August 29, 2018) was an American jurist. He was a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of California from 1970 until his retirement in 1987. In 1987, he became senior judge of the court. He was born in Los Angeles, California.

paragraphs: Conti died on August 29, 2018 in Oakland, California at the age of 96.


title: James Mirrlees

paragraphs: Sir James Alexander Mirrlees (5 July 1936 – 29 August 2018) was a Scottish economist. He was the winner of the 1996 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences. He was knighted in the 1997 Birthday Honours.

paragraphs: Mirrlees died on 29 August 2018 in Cambridge, England at the age of 82.


title: Carilda Oliver Labra

paragraphs: Carilda Oliver Labra (6 July 1922 – 29 August 2018) was a Cuban poet. She was born in Matanzas.

paragraphs: Oliver Labra studied law at the University of Havana. She was known as one of the most influential Cuban poets.

paragraphs: Oliver Labra won many national and international prizes including the National Poetry Prize (1950), National Literature Award (1997) and the José de Vasconcelos International Prize (2002). "Me desordeno, amor, me desordeno" might be her most famous poem.

paragraphs: Oliver Labra died of pneumonia in Matanzas on 29 August 2018, aged 96.


title: Paul Taylor

paragraphs: Paul Belville Taylor, Jr. (July 29, 1930 – August 29, 2018) was an American choreographer. He was among the last living members of the third generation of America's modern dance artists. He was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

paragraphs: Taylor works include "Big Bertha" (1970), "Airs" (1978), "Arden Court" (1981), "Sunset" (1983), "Last Look" (1985), "Speaking in Tongues" (1988), "Brandenburgs" (1988), "Company B" (1991), "Piazolla Caldera" (1996), "Black Tuesday" (2001), "Promethean Fire" (2002), and "Beloved Renegade" (2008).

paragraphs: In 1992, he won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Choreography and was awarded the Kennedy Center Honorees.

paragraphs: Taylor died of renal failure on August 29, 2018, at a Manhattan hospital at the age of 88.


title: Joseph Kobzon

paragraphs: Iosif (Joseph) Davydovich Kobzon (; 11 September 1937 — 30 August 2018) was a Soviet-Russian singer. He was born in Chasiv Yar, Donetsk Oblast. He performed concerts for Joseph Stalin when he was younger. His best-known song is "Instants" from the Soviet TV series "Seventeen Moments of Spring" (1973).

paragraphs: Kobzon died on 30 August 2018 in Moscow from prostate cancer at the age of 80.


title: Ray (wrestler)

paragraphs: Ray (February 14, 1982 – August 30, 2018) was a Hong Kong professional wrestler. Ray made her professional wrestling debut in September 2003 and would for the next several years wrestle under different masks, before she began working for Smash in March 2010. She remained with Smash until the promotion folded in March 2012.

paragraphs: During her career, Ray held the CMLL-Reina International Junior, International Ribbon Tag Team and WNC Women's Championships, among other titles.

paragraphs: After being diagnosed with brain cancer in December 2015, she died on August 30, 2018 at the age of 36.


title: Marie Severin

paragraphs: Marie Severin (; August 21, 1929 – August 29, 2018) was an American comics artist and colorist. She was best known for her work for Marvel Comics such as on "Spider-Man", "Thor", and "Iron Man" and the 1950s' EC Comics. Severin was born in East Rockaway, New York.

paragraphs: Severin was added into the Will Eisner Comics Hall of Fame in 2001.

paragraphs: Severin died in Massapequa, New York on August 29, 2018 from a stroke at the age of 89.


title: East Rockaway, New York

paragraphs: East Rockaway is a village in Nassau County, New York, in the United States. The population was 9,818 at the 2010 census.


title: Massapequa, New York

paragraphs: Massapequa (, ) is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Nassau County, New York, on Long Island, east of New York City. It is near to Amityville. As of the 2010 census, the CDP had a total population of 21,685.


title: Amityville, New York

paragraphs: Amityville is a village in Suffolk County, New York, in the United States. The population was 9,523 at the 2010 census.


title: Susan Brown

paragraphs: Susan Brown (May 4, 1932 – August 31, 2018) was an American television and movie actress and interior designer. She was born in San Francisco, California. She was best known for her roles on daytime soap operas such as in "General Hospital". In 1979, she was nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award for her role on the show. Brown starred as Adelaide in "As the World Turns".

paragraphs: Brown died in Los Angeles, California on August 31, 2018 from complications of Alzheimer's disease at the age of 86.


title: Eileen Fulton

paragraphs: Eileen Fulton (born September 13, 1933), is an American actress. She is known for her television role as Lisa Grimaldi on the CBS soap opera "As the World Turns", which she would star from May 18, 1960 until the show's ending on September 17, 2010.


title: Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza

paragraphs: Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza (; 25 January 1922 – 31 August 2018) was an Italian population geneticist. He lectured at Stanford University. Cavalli-Sforza won the Weldon Memorial Prize in 1978. He was born in Genoa, Italy.

paragraphs: Cavalli-Sforza died on 31 August 2018 in Belluno, Italy at the age of 96.


title: Tarun Sagar

paragraphs: Muni Tarun Sagar (26 June 1967 – 1 September 2018) was an Indian "Digambara monk" and political advisor.

paragraphs: His lectures are known as "Kadve Pravachan" (bitter discourses) because they can be critical of common practices and views. His lectures have been published in book series also titled "Kadve Pravachan". His audience often includes a majority of non-Jains.

paragraphs: Sagar was born as Pawan Kumar Jain on 26 June 1967 in Madhya Pradesh, India. He became Kshullak at the age of 13 and "Acharya" Pushpdant Sagar at the age of 20.

paragraphs: Sagar was known for supporting the ban on liquor, leather and meat in India. He began to publish speeches under the title "Kadve Pravachan" (Bitter Discourse) starting in 2003 in Ahmedabad.

paragraphs: Sagar delivered his sermons Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly in 2010 and in Haryana Legislative Assembly on 26 August 2016.

paragraphs: He was known as a "progressive Jain monk" for his criticism of violence, corruption and conservatism, and his speeches came to be called "Katu Pravachan".

paragraphs: While Jain monks often did not want to be related with politicians, Sagar often met politicians and government officials as a guest. He has delivered his sermons Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly in 2010 and in Haryana Legislative Assembly on 26 August 2016.

paragraphs: Sagar was respected by Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi and Modi would award him Tarun Kranti Puraskar in 2012.

paragraphs: In August 2016, Tarun Sagar was invited to address the Haryana Assembly by both the ruling BJP and the opposition Congress party members. He talked about social and political issues and evoked applause and laughter from lawmakers. The event caused a number of tweets critical of Muni Tarun Sagar because of his nudity.

paragraphs: He once said that Jihad is a conspiracy to convert Hindu girls into Muslims. He was also against Muslim practice in India.

paragraphs: Sagar died on 1 September 2018 from complications of jaundice in New Delhi, India at the age of 51.


title: Randy Weston

paragraphs: Randy Weston (April 6, 1926 – September 1, 2018) was an American jazz pianist and composer.

paragraphs: Weston's works were influenced by Duke Ellington and Thelonious Monk. Weston worked often with trombonist and arranger Melba Liston.

paragraphs: Weston died on September 1, 2018 in New York City of heart disease at the age of 92.


title: Ehsan Yarshater

paragraphs: Ehsan Yarshater (, April 3, 1920 – September 1, 2018) was an Iranian historian and linguist. He worked in iranology. He was the founder and director of The Center for Iranian Studies, and Hagop Kevorkian Professor Emeritus of Iranian Studies at Columbia University.


title: Conway Savage

paragraphs: Conway Victor Savage (27 July 1960 – 2 September 2018) was an Australian rock pianist and singer-songwriter. He was a member of Nick Cave and The Bad Seeds from 1990 until his retirement in 2017.

paragraphs: Savage had a solo career and released albums, "Nothing Broken" (2000), "Wrong Man's Hands" (2004) and "Rare Songs & Performances 1989–2004". He also collaborated with other artists for their albums, such as "Soon Will Be Tomorrow" (with Suzie Higgie, 1998) and "Quickie for Ducky" (with Amanda Fox and Robert Tickner, 2007).

paragraphs: In October 2017, Savage was diagnosed with brain cancer. He died, aged 58, in Melbourne on 2 September 2018.


title: Carole Shelley

paragraphs: Carole Shelley (16 August 1939 – 31 August 2018) was an English actress. She was born in London. Her many stage roles included the character of Madame Morrible in the original Broadway cast of the musical "Wicked". She won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for her performance in "The Elephant Man" in 1979. She also starred in "Wicked" and in "Robin Hood".

paragraphs: Shelley died of pancreatic cancer in Manhattan on 31 August 2018, aged 79.


title: Babylon, New York

paragraphs: Babylon is one of ten towns in Suffolk County, New York, United States. It is located on Long Island, the town population was 214,191 as of the 2014 census.


title: Barry Du Bois

paragraphs: Barry Du Bois (born 4 August 1960) is an Australian designer, building expert and TV personality on Network Ten. Du Bois first appeared on reality renovation show "The Renovators". Du Bois is co-host and design/building expert on lifestyle program "The Living Room".

paragraphs: In 2017, Du Bois was diagnosed with terminal multiple myeloma.


title: Gareth O'Callaghan

paragraphs: Gareth O'Callaghan (born 1961) is an Irish author and retired radio and television presenter. He was most recently to be heard on 4fm, having presented shows on RTÉ 2fm for much of his career until 2005 and then a show on Galway Bay FM until his retirement in 2018. He is known for talking about depression and suicide awareness on his shows.

paragraphs: In August 2018, O'Callaghan was diagnosed with a terminal form of neurodegenerative disease.


title: Neurodegeneration

paragraphs: Neurodegeneration is the progressive loss of structure or function of neurons, including death of neurons.

paragraphs: Many neurodegenerative diseases – including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington's disease.

paragraphs: Such diseases are incurable, resulting in progressive degeneration and/or death of neuron cells.

paragraphs: There are many parallels between different neurodegenerative disorders including atypical protein assemblies as well as induced cell death. Neurodegeneration can be found in many different levels of neuronal circuitry ranging from molecular to systemic.


title: St John Ambulance

paragraphs: St John Ambulance is a group of organizations which provide first aid and emergency medicine. They work in over 40 countries, mostly in the Commonwealth of Nations.

paragraphs: The role of St John Ambulance varies. For example, in some parts of Australia, St John Ambulance are the main ambulance service. In most places, St John Ambulance are mostly volunteers and their role is to provide first aid at local events (e.g. sports matches, local fairs, races, etc.) and first aid training to the public.

paragraphs: St John Ambulance is run by its founders, the Venerable Order of Saint John. The Order is a descendant of the Knights Hospitaller of the Middle Ages. They founded the first branch of St John Ambulance in the United Kingdom in the 19th century. In 1877, the St John Ambulance Association was set up to teach first aid skills. In 1887, the St John Ambulance Brigade was founded to provide first aid at local events. These two have since been merged into the English branch of St John Ambulance.

paragraphs: First aiders for St John Ambulance are often seen wearing uniform. They originally had army ranks, though many now use non-military ranks instead. Some branches have cadets, for teenagers and older children.

paragraphs: All branches of St John Ambulance use the eight-point Maltese Cross as their logo. This symbol appears on a number of organizations descended from the Knights Hospitaller. The Order of Malta Ambulance Corps in Ireland is an example. Other similar organizations include Red Cross and Red Crescent (a worldwide movement) and St Andrew's First Aid in Scotland.


title: Roger Delgado

paragraphs: Roger Caesar Marius Bernard de Delgado Torres Castillo Roberto (1 March 1918 – 18 June 1973), better known as Roger Delgado, was a British actor. He began his acting career in 1939. He is best known as the first actor to play the Master in the BBC science fiction series "Doctor Who". He appeared as the Master in 37 episodes from 1971 until his death in 1973.

paragraphs: Delgado was born in Whitechapel, London. He was the son of a Belgian mother and a Spanish father. He served as a major during the Second World War. He was married to Kismet Shahani.

paragraphs: On 18 June 1973, Delgado was killed in a car accident in Nevşehir, Turkey. He was 55. He died while filming the French-German TV miniseries "La Cloche tibétaine" (English: "Tibetan Bell").


title: Gambia River

paragraphs: The Gambia River (formerly known as the River Gambra) is a major river in West Africa. It is about long. It runs from the Fouta Djallon plateau in north Guinea westward through Senegal and the Gambia to the Atlantic Ocean at the city of Banjul. It is navigable for about half that length.

paragraphs: The river is strongly associated with The Gambia, the smallest country in mainland Africa, which consists of little more than the downstream half of the river and its two banks.

paragraphs: From the Fouta Djallon, the river runs northwest into the Tambacounda Region of Senegal, where it flows through the Parc National du Niokolo Koba, then is joined by the Nieri Ko and Koulountou before entering the Gambia at Fatoto. At this point the river runs generally west, but in a meandering course with a number of oxbows, and about 100km from its mouth it gradually widens, to over 10km wide where it meets the sea.

paragraphs: Near the mouth of the river, near Juffure, is Kunta Kinteh Island, a place used in the slave trade which is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

paragraphs: The aquatic fauna in the Gambia River basin is closely associated with that of the Senegal River basin, and the two are usually combined under a single ecoregion known as the Senegal-Gambia Catchments. Although the species richness is moderately high, only three species of frogs and one fish are endemic to this ecoregion.

paragraphs: Oysters are harvested from the River Gambia and used to make oyster stew, a traditional dish in the cuisine of Gambia.

paragraphs: The river is an important trade route. Ocean-going vessels can use it for , to the settlement of Kuntaur. Smaller ships can reach the settlement Fatoto, which is from its mouth.


title: Tongyong Pinyin

paragraphs: Tongyong Pinyin is a romanization of Mandarin Chinese, or a way to write Mandarin in the Roman alphabet, that was invented in Taiwan. It was created by the Taiwanese to oppose Hanyu Pinyin, which is the official romanization of Mandarin in Mainland China, the UN, and most other international organizations, because many Taiwanese do not want to use a writing system created by the Chinese Communist Party. In 2002, it became the official romanization in Taiwan, even though no one was forced to use it. However, in 2009, Taiwan replaced Tongyong with Hanyu as the island's official romanization. While Taipei mostly uses Hanyu spelling today, many cities, particularly in southern Taiwan, still use many different romanizations, including Tongyong spelling, and it can still be seen in many places.

paragraphs: Most Tongyong spellings of Chinese syllables are the same as Hanyu spellings. However, one major difference is that Tongyong does not use letters 'x' and 'q', which are both used in Hanyu. Below is a chart that compares syllables in Hanyu to those in Tongyong. Below is not an exhaustive list, but a list that show major differences between the two systems.

paragraphs: Below are examples of sentences written in Chinese characters, Hanyu Pinyin, and Tongyong Pinyin with English translations.


title: Turgor

paragraphs: Turgor means the state of turgidity and resulting rigidity of cells or tissues, typically due to the absorption of fluid.


title: Starships (song)

paragraphs: "Starships" is a song by American rapper Nicki Minaj. It is from her second studio album, "" and appears as the tenth track on the album. It was released on February 14, 2012. The song has a pop rap sound similar to her previous single "Super Bass" and has elements of dance-pop and Eurodance. Minaj co-wrote the song with Wayne Hector, Carl Falk, Rami Yacoub, and its producer, RedOne, who is known for his work with Lady Gaga and Jennifer Lopez.

paragraphs: The song has been very successful worldwide, reaching the top ten in countries like the US, UK, Canada, and Australia.


title: Gordon Phillips

paragraphs: Gordon David Phillips (17 November 1946 – 3 September 2018) was an English professional football goalkeeper and coach. He made over 200 appearances in the Football League for Brentford.

paragraphs: Phillips also played for Hayes from 1961 to 1963 and for Hillingdon Borough from 1973 to 1978. He was born in Uxbridge, London.

paragraphs: Phillips died on 3 September 2018 from cancer, aged 71.


title: Renée Fleming

paragraphs: Renée Lynn Fleming (born February 14, 1959) is an American opera singer and soprano.

paragraphs: Fleming is known for having a full lyric soprano voice. She has sung "chansons", jazz and indie rock.

paragraphs: Her best known roles include Countess Almaviva in Mozart's "Le nozze di Figaro", Desdemona in Verdi's "Otello", Violetta in Verdi's "La traviata", the title role in Dvořák's "Rusalka", the title role in Massenet's "Manon", the title role in Massenet's "Thaïs", the title role in Richard Strauss's "Arabella", the Marschallin in "Der Rosenkavalier", and the Countess in "Capriccio".


title: Sanford, Alabama

paragraphs: Sanford is a town of Alabama in the United States.


title: Horn Hill, Alabama

paragraphs: Horn Hill is a town of Alabama in the United States.


title: Hurtsboro, Alabama

paragraphs: Hurtsboro is a town of Russell County in the state of Alabama, in the United States. At the 2010 census the population was 553, down from 592 in 2000. It was founded in 1857.


title: Hytop, Alabama

paragraphs: Hytop is a town of Alabama in the United States.


title: Indian Springs Village, Alabama

paragraphs: Indian Springs Village (often simply called Indian Springs) is a town of Alabama in the United States.

paragraphs: An F2 tornado damaged business buildings in the town on March 27, 1994 along with Pelham, Helena, and Inverness.


title: Inverness, Alabama

paragraphs: Inverness is an unincorporated community in Shelby County, Alabama, United States. It is a suburb of Birmingham, Alabama.

paragraphs: Inverness comes from a Scottish city of the same name.

paragraphs: An F2 tornado damaged business buildings here along with Pelham, Helena, and Indian Springs on March 27, 1994.


title: Westover, Alabama

paragraphs: Westover is a city in Alabama in the United States.


title: Wilton, Alabama

paragraphs: Wilton is a town of Shelby County in the state of Alabama, in the United States. It is also known by the previous names of Birmingham Junction, Bismark, and Catoosa.


title: Vincent, Alabama

paragraphs: Vincent is a city of Shelby, St. Clair, and Talladega counties in the state of Alabama, in the United States. It was known as Propel.


title: Springville, Alabama

paragraphs: Springville is a city in St. Clair County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 4,080, up from 2,521 in 2000. It was incorporated in December 1880.


title: Moody, Alabama

paragraphs: Moody is a city in Alabama in the United States. At the 2010 census, it has about 11,700 people lived there.


title: Buckhurst Hill

paragraphs: Buckhurst Hill is a town and civil parish in Essex, England.


title: Mooresville, Alabama

paragraphs: Mooresville is a town of Limestone County in the state of Alabama, in the United States. It is located southeast of the intersection of Interstate 565 and Interstate 65, and north of Wheeler Lake.

paragraphs: The town is between Huntsville and Decatur, and is part of the Huntsville-Decatur Combined Statistical Area; its population as of the 2010 census is 53, down from 59 in 2000.


title: Lester, Alabama

paragraphs: Lester is a town of Alabama in the United States.


title: Jemison, Alabama

paragraphs: Jemison is a city in Chilton County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census, the population was 2,585.


title: Pommiers

paragraphs: Pommiers is the name of several communes in France:


title: Jacqueline Pearce

paragraphs: Jacqueline Pearce (20 December 1943 – 3 September 2018) was a British movie and television actress. She was best known as the villain Servalan in the British science fiction TV series "Blake's 7". She also starred in "Doctor Who" as Chessene, a bloodthirsty alien.

paragraphs: Pearce was diagnosed with lung cancer in May 2018 and died shortly after at her home in Lancashire on 3 September 2018, aged 74.


title: Katyna Ranieri

paragraphs: Caterina Ranieri (31 August 1925 – 3 September 2018), known professionally as Katyna Ranieri, was an Italian actress and singer. She was born in Follonica, Italy. She had her first hit in 1954 at the Sanremo Music Festival with the song "Una canzone da due soldi".

paragraphs: She was the widow of the Italian film composer Riz Ortolani. She starred in "Goodbye Uncle Tom".

paragraphs: Ranieri died on 3 September 2018 in Pesaro, Italy from heart failure at the age of 93.


title: Thomas Sowell

paragraphs: Thomas Sowell (; born June 30, 1930) is an American economist and social theorist. He is a Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution, Stanford University.

paragraphs: Sowell worked at Cornell University and University of California, Los Angeles. He has also worked for think tanks such as the Urban Institute.

paragraphs: Since 1980, he has worked at the Hoover Institution at Stanford University. He writes from a libertarian conservative perspective. He is a National Humanities Medal recipient for innovative scholarship which incorporated history, economics and political science.


title: Richard Viguerie

paragraphs: Richard Art Viguerie (born September 23, 1933) is an American conservative figure, pioneer of political direct mail and writer on politics. He is the current chairman of ConservativeHQ.com.


title: Pasadena, Texas

paragraphs: Pasadena is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2010 U.S. Census, the city's population is 149,043, making it the seventeenth most populous city in the state of Texas.

paragraphs: The area was founded in 1893 by John H. Burnett of Galveston, who named the area after Pasadena, California.


title: Claire Wineland

paragraphs: Claire Wineland (April 10, 1997 – September 2, 2018) was an American health activist, entrepreneur and author. She was known for her non-profit organization "Claire’s Place Foundation". She worked to support and organize people with terminal and chronic illness and their families.

paragraphs: She was also the author of the book "Every Breath I Take, Surviving and Thriving with Cystic Fibrosis" and a TEDx speaker.

paragraphs: Wineland supported Senator Bernie Sanders for President of the United States in the 2016 election.

paragraphs: Wineland died, aged 21, on September 2, 2018 from a stroke at a San Diego, California hospital, one week after having a lung transplant.


title: Leslie Jones (comedian)

paragraphs: Annette Jones (born September 7, 1967), better known as Leslie Jones, is an American comedian and actress. She is a cast member and writer on "Saturday Night Live".

paragraphs: Jones starred in "Ghostbusters" (2016) as Patty Tolan. In 2017 and 2018, Jones was nominated for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series for her work on "Saturday Night Live".


title: Danny Huston

paragraphs: Daniel Sallis Huston (born May 14, 1962) is an American actor, writer, and director.

paragraphs: He starred in "Birth", Martin Scorsese’s "The Aviator", "The Constant Gardener", Sofia Coppola’s "Marie Antoinette", Peter Berg’s "The Kingdom", Ridley Scott’s "Robin Hood" and Sacha Gervasi’s "Hitchcock".

paragraphs: Huston starred in the thriller series "American Horror Story", portraying The Axeman in "" and Massimo Dolcefino in "". He also starred as General Erich Ludendorff in the 2017 movie "Wonder Woman".


title: Nevada, Missouri

paragraphs: Nevada ( "nə--də"; pronounced differently than the state) is a city and a county seat of Vernon County, Missouri, United States. The population was 8,386 at the 2010 census, and 8,171 in the 2012 estimate.


title: Dumbo (2019 movie)

paragraphs: Dumbo is an American fantasy adventure movie. It was directed by Tim Burton. It was inspired by Walt Disney's 1941 animated movie also called "Dumbo". It stars Colin Farrell, Michael Keaton, Danny DeVito, Eva Green and Alan Arkin.

paragraphs: The movie was released in the United States on March 11, 2019. It was released in Real D 3D and IMAX 3D.


title: Augustus Loftus

paragraphs: Lord Augustus William Frederick Spencer Loftus, (4 October 1817 – 7 March 1904) was a British diplomat and colonial administrator. He was Ambassador to Prussia from 1865 to 1868, to the North German Confederation from 1868 to 1871 and to the Russian Empire from 1871 to 1879 and Governor of New South Wales from 1879 to 1885.


title: Jon Polito

paragraphs: Jon Raymond Polito (December 29, 1950 – September 1, 2016) was an American actor. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His best known works were as Detective Steve Crosetti in the first two seasons of "" and as Phil Bartoli on the first season of "Crime Story".

paragraphs: Polito starred as "The Rocketeer", "The Crow" and "Gangster Squad", as well as his work with the Coen brothers. He appeared in five of their movies, including "Miller's Crossing", "Barton Fink" and "The Big Lebowski".

paragraphs: Polito last appeared as Enrico Banducci in a large supporting role in Tim Burton's 2014 movie "Big Eyes".

paragraphs: Polito died from multiple myeloma on September 1, 2016 in Duarte, California, aged 65.


title: Duarte, California

paragraphs: Duarte () is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 21,321, down from 21,486 at the 2000 census.


title: Tropical Storm Gordon (2018)

paragraphs: Tropical Storm Gordon was a tropical cyclone in early September 2018. The storm developed on September 1, 2018.

paragraphs: Gordon crossed over southern Florida near Key Largo and Miami on September 3, 2018. The storm went into the Gulf of Mexico later that day.

paragraphs: Tropical storm and hurricane warnings were put in effect from southeast Louisiana to the Florida Panhandle.

paragraphs: Gordon was expected to become a hurricane before moving onto the United States Gulf Coast.


title: Ken Harrelson

paragraphs: Kenneth Smith Harrelson (born September 4, 1941), nicknamed "The Hawk", is an American All-Star first baseman and outfielder in Major League Baseball. He serves as a television broadcast announcer for the Chicago White Sox. He played for the Kansas City Athletics, Washington Senators, Boston Red Sox and the Cleveland Indians.

paragraphs: Harrelson was born in Woodruff, South Carolina, but raised in Savannah, Georgia. He studied at the University of Kentucky.


title: Woodruff, South Carolina

paragraphs: Woodruff is a city in Spartanburg County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 4,101 at the 2010 census.


title: Hinterkaifeck murders

paragraphs: Hinterkaifeck was a small farmstead near the Bavarian towns of Ingolstadt and Schrobenhausen. It was about north of Munich. On the evening of 31 March 1922, the six people who lived in the farm were killed. The murders remain unsolved.

paragraphs: The six victims were parents Andreas Gruber (63) and Cäzilia (72); their widowed daughter Viktoria Gabriel (35); Viktoria's children, Cäzilia (7) and Josef (2); and the maid, Maria Baumgartner (44).

paragraphs: Hinterkaifeck was never an official place name. The name was used for the remote farmstead of the hamlet of Kaifeck, located nearly north of the main part of Kaifeck and hidden in the woods (the prefix "Hinter", part of many German place names, means "behind"), part of the town of Wangen, which was incorporated into Waidhofen in 1971.


title: Tamam Shud case

paragraphs: The Tamam Shud case, also known as the Mystery of the Somerton Man, is an unsolved case of an unidentified man found dead at 6:30 am, 1 December 1948, on Somerton beach, Glenelg, just south of Adelaide, South Australia.

paragraphs: It is named after the Persian phrase "tamám shud", meaning "ended" or "finished", printed on a scrap of paper found months later in the fob pocket of the man's trousers.

paragraphs: The scrap had been torn from the final page of a copy of "Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam", authored by 12th-century poet Omar Khayyám. "Tamam" was misspelt as "Taman" in many early reports and this error.


title: Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum robbery

paragraphs: On March 18, 1990, 13 paintings worth for a total of $500 million were stolen from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston. In the early hours, guards admitted two men posing as police officers responding to a disturbance call.

paragraphs: Once inside, the thieves tied up the guards and over the next hour committed the largest-value recorded theft of private property in history. Despite efforts by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and multiple probes around the world, no arrests have been made and no works have been recovered.

paragraphs: The museum initially offered a reward of $5 million for information leading to the art's recovery, but in 2017 this was temporarily doubled to $10 million, with an expiration date set to the end of the year. This was extended into 2018 following helpful tips from the public.


title: Isdal Woman

paragraphs: The Isdal Woman () is the name given to an unknown woman who was found dead at Isdalen Valley in Bergen, Norway, on 29 November 1970. It is thought to be one of Norway's most profound mysteries. The case has been the subject of intense speculation for many years.

paragraphs: The official cause of death was a combination of carbon monoxide poisoning and barbiturate overdose.

paragraphs: There are many theories as to who the Isdal Woman was ranging from secret spy to a suicidal woman.


title: Jamison family deaths

paragraphs: The Jamison family of Eufaula, Oklahoma, United States. The family: Bobby, his wife Sherilynn, and daughter Madyson, mysteriously disappeared on October 8, 2009, while their dog survived.

paragraphs: The family was reportedly considering the buying a forty-acre plot of land near Red Oak, about thirty miles from Eufaula, at the time of their disappearance. Their suspected remains were found in November 2013, and were positively identified by the Oklahoma medical examiner on July 3, 2014.

paragraphs: No cause of death was determined, and the circumstances surrounding their disappearance remain unanswered.