title: Bernie Sanders

paragraphs: Bernard "Bernie" Sanders (born September 8, 1941) is an American politician. He is the Junior United States senator from Vermont. He is an Independent, but often votes with the Democratic Party in the Senate. He became senator on January 3, 2007. He ran for President of the United States twice in 2016 and in 2020.

paragraphs: Sanders was born in Brooklyn, New York City. He graduated from the University of Chicago in 1964. While a student, he was active in organizing protests for civil rights. In 1963, he took part in the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, where Martin Luther King, Jr. gave his "I Have a Dream" speech.

paragraphs: Sanders was elected mayor of Burlington, Vermont in 1981. He was re-elected three times. In 1991, he became a United States representative for Vermont's at-large congressional district. He was a congressman for 16 years. In 2006, he was elected to the U.S. Senate after he won 64.5% of the vote. In 2012, he was re-elected by winning almost 71% of the vote. In 2018, he was re-elected by winning nearly 68% of the vote.

paragraphs: Sanders calls himself a democratic socialist. He thinks that a social democratic government for the United States is a good idea. During his time as senator, Sanders has been against income inequality and has supported universal health care, parental leave and LGBT rights. He has been against racial inequality and mass surveillance. In January 2015, Sanders became a member of the Senate Budget Committee. Sanders has been seen as the most popular senator in the country by multiple yearly polls.

paragraphs: On April 30, 2015, Sanders became a candidate for the Democratic Party's nomination for President in the 2016 United States presidential election. He made the announcement in a speech on the Capitol lawn. His campaign started on May 26 in Burlington. Unlike some of the other presidential candidates, Sanders did not want Super PACS to give him money. People give him money on his website. He won 22 primaries and caucuses in the 2016 Democratic primaries. He won about 45% of pledged delegates to Hillary Clinton's 55%. On July 12, 2016, he formally endorsed Clinton due to DNC policies, but did not end his own presidential campaign. On July 26, 2016, during a roll-call vote at the 2016 Democratic National Convention Sanders lost the nomination to Clinton.

paragraphs: After his presidential campaign ended, he started an organization, Our Revolution. Its goal is to "recruit and support candidates for local, state, and national office". He has also announced the upcoming creation of The Sanders Institute, which will spread his political ideas through documentary movies and other media. In February 2017, Sanders began webcasting "The Bernie Sanders Show" on Facebook.

paragraphs: On February 19, 2019, Sanders announced a second presidential campaign for the Democratic nomination in the 2020 presidential election. His 2020 campaign had raised over four million in donations from individual donors, the largest than any other presidential candidate in history. In early 2020, Sanders was seen as the front-runner for the nomination after winning the first three primary contests and leading in national polling numbers, but after Joe Biden won most of the Super Tuesday contests in March the primary became more competitive. After failing to win many primary states, Sanders ended his campaign on April 8, 2020, later supporting Biden for President.

paragraphs: Sanders was born in Brooklyn, New York to Eli Sanders and to Dorothy Glassberg. His father was a Jewish immigrant born in Słopnice, Poland in 1904. His mother was born to Jewish parents in New York City in 1912. He has an older brother, Larry. His grandparents were murdered in the Holocaust. His mother died in 1960 and his father died in 1962.

paragraphs: Sanders studied at Brooklyn College. After he graduated from college, Sanders went to the University of Chicago. When he studied in Chicago, Sanders was a leader of the University of Chicago sit-ins in 1962 because of segregation at the university. He graduated from the university in 1964 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science.

paragraphs: He was one of thousands of students who traveled by bus to Washington, D.C., to be part of the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. Later that summer, he was found guilty of resisting arrest during a protest against segregation in Chicago's public schools and was fined $25.

paragraphs: Sanders began his political career in 1971 as a member of the Liberty Union Party. He was the Liberty Union candidate for Governor of Vermont in 1972 and 1976. He was also a candidate for senator in 1972 and 1974. In the 1974 Senate election, Sanders lost to Patrick Leahy and to Dick Mallary. In 1979, Sanders resigned from the party.

paragraphs: He worked as a writer and director for the American People's Historical Society (APHS). When he worked at APHS, he made a 30-minute documentary about Eugene V. Debs.

paragraphs: After Sanders's failed run for governor, close friend Richard Sugarman wanted him to be a candidate for mayor of Burlington. Sanders won the election in February 1981. He beat the six-term mayor Gordon Paquette by ten votes. He took office on April 6, 1981.

paragraphs: As mayor, Sanders wanted to fix Burlington's Lake Champlain. In 1981, Sanders was against Tony Pomerleau. Sanders did not want Pomerleau to change the industrial lake property owned by the Central Vermont Railway. He did not want the waterfront to become expensive condominiums, hotels, and offices.

paragraphs: Sanders used the slogan "Burlington is not for sale". He supported a plan that changed the waterfront area into a district with housing, parks, and public space. As of 2016, the lake area has a public beach and bike paths, along with a boathouse, many parks, and a science center.

paragraphs: In 1987, U.S. News named Sanders as one of America's best mayors. He was a big critic of President Ronald Reagan and his policies on income inequality.

paragraphs: When he was mayor, Sanders helped to fix the city's budget. Sanders left office on April 4, 1989. For a short time, Sanders taught political science at Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government in 1989 and at Hamilton College in 1991.

paragraphs: In 1988, Republican congressman at the time Jim Jeffords wanted to become senator. This left an open office in Vermont's at-large congressional district.

paragraphs: Sanders became a candidate for the seat as an Independent, but he lost the election. In 1990, Sanders became a candidate for the seat again and defeated Peter Plympton Smith by 16%. Sanders became the first independent elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 40 years. Sanders' 1990 victory was called by "The Washington Post" and others as the "First Socialist Elected" to the United States House of Representatives in many years. Sanders continued to win re-elections with many votes.

paragraphs: In 1991, Sanders co-founded the Congressional Progressive Caucus. He chaired the grouping of mostly liberal Democrats for the first eight years. In 1993, Sanders voted for a bill supported by the National Rifle Association (NRA) to stop lawsuits against gun companies. He was against the Brady Bill.

paragraphs: After Ron Dellums left Congress in 1998, Sanders was the only member of Congress who called himself a socialist.

paragraphs: Sanders voted against the Iraq Resolutions in 1991 and 2002. He was against the 2003 invasion of Iraq. He voted for the allowed use of military force against terrorists. The authorization looked for good reasons to use military actions after the September 11 attacks.

paragraphs: Sanders is against the Patriot Act. As a member of Congress, he voted against the original Patriot Act. Sanders voted for several acts that would block the Patriot Act.

paragraphs: After Jim Jeffords retired from the Senate in 2006, Sanders became senator when he won the Senate election with 65% of the vote.

paragraphs: Sanders has been a leading voice on issues such as income inequality, climate change, and campaign finance reform. Sanders continued to be a major critic on mass surveillance policies such as the Patriot Act.

paragraphs: On December 10, 2010, Sanders gave a 8½-hour speech against the Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010. After the speech, people wanted Sanders to be a candidate for president in the 2012 presidential election.

paragraphs: Sanders' filibuster was published in February 2011 by Nation Books as "The Speech: A Historic Filibuster on Corporate Greed and the Decline of Our Middle Class".

paragraphs: In 2012, he was re-elected with almost 71% of the vote beating Republican John MacGovern.

paragraphs: On January 3, 2013, Sanders became chairman of the United States Senate Committee on Veterans' Affairs. After his term as chairman ended on January 3, 2015, Sanders became a member of the Senate Budget Committee. Sanders made proposals to raise the minimum wage, stop income inequality, and increase Social Security payments.

paragraphs: Sanders is the longest serving Independent member of Congress in American history. In November 2015, Sanders changed parties and became a member of the Democratic Party. On July 26, 2016, however shortly after losing the Democratic presidential nomination, Sanders said he would serve as an Independent in the Senate.

paragraphs: Following Donald Trump's victory in the 2016 presidential election, Sanders accepted his victory and promised to work with Trump.

paragraphs: On January 4, 2017, while on the Senate floor, Sanders showed a large cutout of a tweet by President-elect Trump from May 2015 where Trump said he was the "first & only potential GOP candidate" who opposed any cuts to Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid, citing it as what Trump appealed to older voters to elect him on.

paragraphs: While in Los Angeles on February 19, Sanders called Trump "a pathological liar". He promised the defeat of "Trump and Trumpism and the Republican right-wing ideology."

paragraphs: On March 30, two days after President Trump signed an "Energy Independence" executive order, Sanders called Trump's choice to focus on job creation over climate change is "nonsensical, and stupid, and dangerous".

paragraphs: Sanders was against the nomination of Neil Gorsuch for the Supreme Court. He outlined his issues with Gorsuch in an April 4, 2017 appearance on the Senate floor. Sanders said he believed Gorsuch would support removing restrictions on campaign finance and would vote to overturn Roe v. Wade.

paragraphs: On April 7, 2017, Sanders showed disapproval of President Trump's ordered airstrike from the day before: "If there’s anything we should’ve learned from the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, in which the lives of thousands of brave American men and women and hundreds of thousands of Iraqi and Afghan civilians have been lost and trillions of dollars spent, it’s that it’s easier to get into a war than out of one."

paragraphs: In May 2017, Sanders endorsed Labour Leader of the Opposition Jeremy Corbyn in the 2017 United Kingdom general election.

paragraphs: On June 11, 2017, Sanders was a keynote speaker at the People's Summit in Chicago, Illinois. In his speech, Sanders discussed of a plan that "can enhance and expand issue campaigns and hold all elected officials accountable to popular demands for justice, equality, and freedom". During his speech, he repeatedly criticized the Democratic Party, calling it an "absolute failure" and blaming it for the election of President Donald Trump and Vice President Mike Pence.

paragraphs: On June 12, 2017, United States senators reached an agreement on legislation to add new sanctions on Russia. The bill was opposed only by Sanders and Republican Rand Paul. On June 14, 2017, James T. Hodgkinson, a supporter of Sanders during his presidential campaign, shot and injured four people, including House Majority Whip Steve Scalise of Louisiana. Hours later, Sanders responded on Capitol Hill to news that Hodgkinson was a campaign volunteer for his 2016 presidential run:

paragraphs: I am sickened by this despicable act. Let me be as clear as I can be, violence of any kind is unacceptable in our society and I condemn this action in the strongest possible terms. Real change can only come about through nonviolent action, and anything else runs counter to our most deeply held American values.

paragraphs: In September 2017, Sanders introduced the United States National Health Care Act which would create a single-payer health care system paid by the United States Government. The plan, also known as "Medicare For All", was supported by former President Barack Obama in September 2018.

paragraphs: On October 12, 2017, Sanders was announced as a key speaker for a women's rights convention in Detroit, Michigan. However a week later, Sanders cancelled his appearance at the convention so that he could travel to Puerto Rico and help rescue efforts from the damage of Hurricane Maria.

paragraphs: In November 2017, after the Paradise Papers were leaked, Sanders warned of "an international oligarchy" and blamed corrupt billionaires and companies for trying to avoid paying taxes and called it unfair.

paragraphs: On January 1, 2018, Sanders sworn-in Bill de Blasio in his second mayoral inauguration as Mayor of New York City. On January 20, 2018, Sanders voted against a congress budget bill which led to the 2018 federal government shutdow, which lasted two days, ending on January 22. On his vote, Sanders said on Twitter:

paragraphs: Republicans control the House, Senate and White House. They have to pass an annual budget, not more one-month continuing resolutions. We need a bipartisan solution to the economic crises facing the middle class, to the DACA crisis that Trump created and to disaster relief.

paragraphs: Sanders gave an online reply to Trump's January 2018 State of the Union address in which he called Trump "dishonest" and criticized him for creating "a looming immigration crisis" by ending the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program.

paragraphs: In March 2018, many students walked-out of their schools as a result of the Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School shooting in Parkland, Florida demanding for gun-control and safety in schools. Sanders joined the protest outside of the United States Capitol and praised the protesters for "leading the [United States] in the right direction" while criticizing the National Rifle Association.

paragraphs: Sanders was named as part of the "Hell-No Caucus" by "Politico" in April 2018, along with Senators Cory Booker, Kirsten Gillibrand, Elizabeth Warren, and Kamala Harris, all of whom voted to reject Trump's nominees for administration jobs, including Jeff Sessions, Kirstjen Nielsen, Rex Tillerson, Betsy DeVos, and Mike Pompeo.

paragraphs: On May 9, 2018, Sanders proposed the Workplace Democracy Act, a bill that would grow labor rights by making it easier for workers to join a union and make it harder to break-up unions. It was supported by several Democratic senators, including Elizabeth Warren, Kirsten Gillibrand, Tammy Baldwin and Sherrod Brown.

paragraphs: On August 14, 2018, Sanders won the Democratic nomination for Senator with 94% of the primary vote. However, before the primaries, Sanders said he would not accept the Democratic nomination and run as an Independent.

paragraphs: In August 2018, Sanders criticized the wealth of Amazon founder Jeff Bezos and how Amazon employees were paid less than the minimum wage and lived under poor conditions while Bezos increased his fortune. In September 2018, Sanders introduced the "Stop BEZOS" bill which would focus on increase work wages for Amazon and Walmart employers and heavily tax Bezos and other higher company officials. In October 2018, Bezos announced that the company would pay all employees in the United States minimum wage with many believing Sanders is the reason why.

paragraphs: In October 2018, Sanders introduced a bill to break up big banks such as JPMorgan Chase, Wells Fargo, Goldman Sachs and Bank of America. The bill would allow the federal government to dismantle banks that has a worth of 3% of the American GDP, which is roughly equal to USD $584 billion.

paragraphs: In November 2018, Sanders was re-elected to the Senate winning nearly 68% of the vote.

paragraphs: In September 2018, "The Guardian" published two op-ed pieces talking about the need of a progressive cooperation to challenge the rising threat of globalism and authoritarianism, one of which Sanders wrote and another by European progressive Yanis Varoufakis. In late October, Varoufakis announced the upcoming launch of Progressives International on November 30 in Vermont alongside Sanders. Former 2018 Brazilian presidential candidate Fernando Haddad joined the movement.

paragraphs: In December 2018, Sanders supported a bill with Senators Chris Murphy and Mike Lee to use the 1973 War Powers Resolution to end U.S. support for the Saudi-led military intervention in Yemen. At first, the Senate did not supported it, but after the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi in October 2018 the bill had bipartisan co-sponsors and the Senate passed the bill by a vote of 56–41 on December 13.

paragraphs: In March 2019, Sanders, along with seven other members of Congress such as Elizabeth Warren and Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, signed a pledge written by veterans and their families to bring a "responsible" end to U.S. military interventions around the globe.

paragraphs: On February 5, 2020, Sanders voted to convict President Donald Trump in his impeachment trial.

paragraphs: In August 2011, Public Policy Polling found that 67% of American people supported Sanders. That made him the third most popular senator in the country. In a poll by Fox News in March 2017, found Sanders to be the most popular senator or political figure in the United States with the approval rating of 61%.

paragraphs: A Harvard-Harris Poll published every April found Sanders to be the most popular active politician in the country. The same poll, finds Sanders to be the most popular senator in the country.

paragraphs: , Sanders's committee assignments are as follows:

paragraphs: In an interview with "The Nation" on March 6, 2014, Sanders said that he was "prepared to run for President of the United States" in 2016 but did not officially announce a campaign.

paragraphs: On April 28, 2015, Vermont Public Radio said that Sanders would run for president starting on April 30. They reported that he would run for the Democratic presidential nomination against the front-runner Hillary Clinton, who was leading in the poll numbers. His campaign manager is Jeff Weaver. Weaver was also Sanders's senate campaign manager and was his chief of staff. The official announcement came on May 26 in Burlington, Vermont. His campaign was supported by Democratic Socialists of America.

paragraphs: Sanders' campaign events have brought many people from around the country. Sanders said he was "Stunned. Stunned. I mean I had to fight my way to get into the room. Standing room only. Minneapolis was literally beyond belief."

paragraphs: Months after his campaign started, poll numbers showed Clinton was the most likely to win the Democratic nomination. However, on June 25, 2015, "The New York Times" said that Sanders might win the primaries instead of Clinton. On August 12, 2015, the "Boston Herald" said that Sanders was winning by 44% to Clinton's 37% in New Hampshire among Democratic primary voters. A poll released on August 25, 2015, showed that Sanders was once again winning in New Hampshire with 42% to Clinton's 35%.

paragraphs: During his campaign, Sanders was known for his popularity among millennials and young voters. In the 2016 campaign, Sanders won more votes among those under age 30 than both Trump and Clinton combined. It shows more than 2 million young people cast ballots for Sanders before the primaries in June. His popularity led to the creation a Facebook political meme page Bernie Sanders' Dank Meme Stash which has gained popularity among his supporters and the internet.

paragraphs: A poll released in September 2015 showed that Sanders was leading Clinton in Iowa with 41% to Clinton's 40%. In October 2015, polling showed Sanders and Clinton were tied in polls in both New Hampshire and Iowa. In November 2015, a poll showed Sanders was increasing his numbers in New Hampshire, almost tied with Clinton.

paragraphs: On November 19, 2015, Sanders gave a speech at Georgetown University about his views on democratic socialism. In his speech, Sanders talked about how the policies of presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Lyndon B. Johnson were based on democratic socialism.

paragraphs: On December 3, 2015, a Quinnipiac University poll found Sanders to be the Democratic candidate more likely to win the presidential election against top Republican candidates such as Donald Trump, Jeb Bush, Marco Rubio, Ted Cruz and Ben Carson. On December 4, 2015, after online voting ended, votes showed that Sanders was in first place to become "Time's" 2015 Person of the Year. He had 10.4% of votes compared to second place holder Malala Yousafzai's 5.3%. On December 7, "Time" announced that Sanders won the reader's poll of the magazine, but he would not be person of the year. On December 9, poll numbers showed that Sanders was leading Clinton in the New Hampshire polls by 50% to 40%. The university also showed Clinton was winning with 61% to Sanders's 30% of the national poll.

paragraphs: In January 2016, in weeks leading to the Democratic primaries, Sanders was leading New Hampshire by 50% to Clinton's 46% and in Iowa with 49% to 43%. On January 21, 2016, Sanders' campaign advertisement, America, was shown in Iowa and New Hampshire. Many people liked the ad and the "New York Times" said it was "powerful" and "inspiring".

paragraphs: In early February 2016, a national poll showed Sanders and Clinton almost tied with Clinton's 44% to Sanders' 42% in the national poll. A few weeks later, Quinnipiac University, CNN and Fox News poll numbers showed Sanders being the front-runner with 47% to Clinton's 44% of the national poll. After the Nevada caucus, new poll numbers showed Sanders's national lead growing with 42% to Clinton's 36%. A February 2016 Quinnipiac University poll found that Sanders was the most honest candidate in the election.

paragraphs: On March 8, 2016, Sanders won the Michigan Democratic primary. Political experts and news networks called it an upset victory. Polls showed Clinton winning by many numbers. On March 11, 2016, a mass protest over a planned Trump rally at the University of Illinois at Chicago caused hundreds to clash and four people were injured. In the aftermath, Trump accused of Sanders and his supporters of creating the protest to purposely cancel the Trump rally. Sanders later called out Trump as a "pathological liar" who leads a "vicious movement", and said that "while I appreciate that we had supporters at Trump's rally in Chicago, our campaign did not organize the protests".

paragraphs: In early April 2016, national poll numbers showed Sanders winning by 49% to Clinton's 47%. On April 8, Sanders was asked by Vatican City to talk about the issues of income inequality and the environment. Sanders agreed to the invitation and spoke at the Vatican on April 15. While on his trip, he met with Pope Francis in private. In April 2016, Sanders was added into "Time's 100 Most Influential People" of 2016. His introduction was written by former United States Secretary of Labor and supporter Robert Reich.

paragraphs: In May 2016, national poll numbers showed Sanders loosing to Clinton with 45% to Clinton's 50% with 5% people undecided. On May 3, 2016, Sanders pulled another political upset after beating Clinton in the Indiana primaries by six percent. Earlier poll numbers showed Clinton winning in Indiana. On May 10, 2016, Sanders won the West Virginia primaries by 51.4% to Clinton's 35.8%. In 2008, Clinton had won that election by 66.93% to her primary challenger Barack Obama's 25.17%.

paragraphs: A NBC/Wall Street Journal poll in May found Clinton and presumptive Republican nominee Donald Trump in a tie, but the same poll found that if Sanders were the Democratic nominee, 53% of voters would support him to 39% for Trump. Clinton and Trump were the least popular likely candidates in the poll's history, while Sanders received a 43% positive with a 36% negative rating.

paragraphs: On June 6, 2016, Clinton reached the number of delegates to become the presumptive Democratic Party nominee. Sanders said he will still remain in the race until the Democratic Party convention in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in July 2016. On July 12, 2016, Sanders announced his support for Clinton at a unity rally in New Hampshire.

paragraphs: On July 22, 2016, WikiLeaks revealed that DNC Chairwoman Debbie Wasserman Schultz and other DNC official, mocked and planned to sabotage the Sanders's campaign in favor of Clinton. Sanders said he wanted Schultz to resign. The next day, Schultz announced that she will resign after the Democraitc convention on July 28, 2016.

paragraphs: Sanders spoke on the first night of the Democratic Convention on July 25, 2016. In his speech, Sanders told his supporters that he thanked them and to vote for Clinton to defeat Donald Trump in the general election. On July 26, 2016, during a roll-call vote at the 2016 Democratic National Convention Sanders lost the nomination to Clinton.

paragraphs: On February 1, 2016, Sanders lost the Iowa caucus to Clinton by less than 1%. On February 9, Sanders won the New Hampshire caucus by 22%. His victory was one of the largest in years. Sanders became the first democratic socialist and the first non-Christian to win a United States presidential primary for a major party. On February 20, 2016, Sanders lost the Nevada caucus by 5%. On February 27, 2016, Sanders lost the South Carolina primary by almost 48%.

paragraphs: On March 1, 2016, "Super Tuesday", Sanders won four states: Vermont, Oklahoma, Colorado and Minnesota. He lost Massachusetts by less than 1%. He lost Alabama, American Samoa, Arkansas, Georgia, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia during the event. On March 5, 2016, "Super Saturday", Sanders won two states: Kansas by 35% and Nebraska by almost 15%. He lost the Louisiana primary by about 48% during the event. On March 6, 2016, Sanders won the Maine caucuses by almost 65%. On March 8, 2016, Sanders lost the Mississippi primaries by 65%. On the same day, Sanders won the Michigan primaries by 2%. On March 12, 2016, Sanders lost the Northern Mariana Islands caucus by 20%. On March 15, 2016, Sanders lost the Florida, North Carolina, Ohio, Illinois, and Missouri primaries.

paragraphs: On March 21, 2016, Sanders won the Democrats Abroad primary with 69% to Clinton's 31%. He won 52 out of the 55 international countries of the primaries. He lost Nigeria, Singapore and the Dominican Republic. On March 23, 2016, Sanders won the Idaho primaries and the Utah caucus. He won by more than 50% in each contest compared to Clinton. On the same day, he lost the Arizona primaries by more than 30%. On March 26, 2016, Sanders won the Washington, Alaska and the Hawaii caucuses all by landslide victories.

paragraphs: On April 5, 2016, Sanders won the Wisconsin primaries with 57% to Clinton's 43% of the vote. On April 9, 2016, Sanders won the Wyoming caucuses with 56% to Clinton's 44%. On April 19, 2016, Sanders lost the New York primaries with 42% to Clinton's 58%. On April 26, 2016, Sanders lost the Maryland, Delaware, Pennsylvania, and Connecticut primaries. On the same day, he won the Rhode Island primaries.

paragraphs: On May 3, 2016, Sanders won the Indiana primaries with 53% to Clinton's 47% of the vote. On May 7, 2016, he lost the Guam caucuses with 40% to Clinton's 60% of the vote. On May 10, 2016, Sanders won the West Virginia primaries with 51% to Clinton's 36% of the vote. On May 17, 2016, Sanders lost the Kentucky primaries by less than 1%. On the same day, he won the Oregon primaries with 55% of the vote to Clinton's 46%.

paragraphs: On June 4, 2016, Sanders lost the U.S. Virgin Islands caucus in a landslide. On June 5, 2016, Sanders lost the Puerto Rico primaries. On June 7, 2016, Sanders lost the primaries in New Jersey, New Mexico, South Dakota, and California. He won the North Dakota and Montana primaries that day. On June 14, 2016, Sanders lost the Washington, D.C. primaries, the last primary of the election season, with 20% to Clinton's 80%.

paragraphs: In August 2016, Sanders founded Our Revolution. It is an organization dedicated to educating voters about political issues, getting people involved in the political process, and recruiting and supporting candidates for local, state, and national office. Sanders also plans to establish The Sanders Institute, which will focus on issues he believes the "corporate media" has failed to focus on. The agenda will include "the disappearing middle class, 'massive' income inequality, horrific levels of poverty and problems affecting seniors and children."

paragraphs: On November 9, 2016, Donald Trump was elected President of the United States defeating Hillary Clinton. On December 19, 2016 during the voting of the electoral college, Sanders got three electoral votes from electors who did not want to vote for Clinton. They were from Hawaii, Minnesota, and Maine. Only the Hawaii elector's vote was counted. The Minnesota and Maine electoral votes were rejected and later went to Clinton.

paragraphs: Noam Chomsky said in a May 2017 BBC interview that the Sanders campaign was the most remarkable thing about the 2016 election because of Sanders not accepting money from business people or corporations.

paragraphs: Many political experts say that Sanders' campaign made both the Clinton campaign and the Democratic party more progressive. After ending his presidential campaign, Sanders' ideas of national single-payer health-care program, his $15-an-hour minimum wage support, free college tuition and many of the other campaign platform issues have been becoming more popular. Some former staffers created the political action committee Brand New Congress which aimed at looking for younger people to run for office.

paragraphs: In the 2018 midterms, Sanders supported many progressive candidates. A few of the people he endorsed ended up winning their primaries. For example, in an upset that surprised many people, including the candidate herself, Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez beat the incumbent Joseph Crowley for United States Representative in New York City. Benjamin Jealous became the Democratic nominee for Governor of Maryland. Ironworker Randy Bryce and former Chicago mayoral candidate Chuy García ran for United States Representative in Wisconsin and Illinois respectively, and Tallahassee mayor Andrew Gillum won the Democratic party's nomination for Governor of Florida. Despite winning their primaries, only Ocasio-Cortez and García won their respective general elections.

paragraphs: Sanders had been asked many times if he would run for president again in the 2020 presidential election. Sanders would respond by stating "it is much too early to talk about that", but refused to rule out a possible second presidential campaign.

paragraphs: After a poll was made in February 2017, 20% of Democratic voters wanted Sanders to be the party's nominee in the 2020 presidential election, leading Hillary Clinton at 17% and Elizabeth Warren at 15%. In March 2017, at 14%, Sanders was the Democratic voters front-runner for the Democratic nomination in 2020, beating Michelle Obama at 11%. In September 2017, at a polling of 28%, Sanders remained the lead candidate for the Democratic Party nominee in the 2020 election beating Warren, former Vice President Joe Biden and Senator from California Kamala Harris. In most of the 2018 polls, Sanders leading the nomination in second place, behind former Vice President Biden. During the 2019 debate season, Sanders, Elizabeth Warren and Biden are seen as the top candidates in the primaries.

paragraphs: His second campaign has been supported by Senator Patrick Leahy, Representatives Ro Khanna, Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, Ilhan Omar, Mark Pocan, Pramila Jayapal, Mark Takano, Chuy García, and Peter Welch, former Senators Mike Gravel and Donald Riegle, former Representative and DNC Vice Chair Keith Ellison, former Representatives Luis Gutiérrez and Alan Grayson, New York City Mayor and former 2020 presidential candidate Bill de Blasio, San Juan Mayor Carmen Yulín Cruz, former San Francisco councilwoman Jane Kim, former Bolivian President Evo Morales, former Ecuadorian President Rafael Correa, former Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, Nicaraguan President Daniel Ortega, U.K. MPs Diane Abbott, Rebecca Long-Bailey and John McDonnell, German politician Bernd Riexinger, whistleblower Edward Snowden, political activists Cornel West and Jesse Jackson, directors Jim Jarmusch Adam McKay, and Werner Herzog, actors James Cromwell, Jack Nicholson, David Cross, Danny DeVito, Danny Glover, Mark Ruffalo, Jane Fonda, and Susan Sarandon, radio personality Howard Stern, rap artists Cardi B and Killer Mike, singers Ariana Grande and Miley Cyrus, model Emily Ratajkowski, and by the political groups Democratic Socialists of America, and Our Revolution.

paragraphs: In January 2018, Sanders created a team of political experts to see if it would be a good idea to run again in the 2020 presidential election. In May 2018, former campaign manager Jeff Weaver said Sanders is "actively considering" a second presidential bid. In August 2018, Sanders announced on "The Late Show with Stephen Colbert" that he is not ruling out another run for the presidency in 2020.

paragraphs: In January 2019, it was reported that it is certain Sanders would enter the 2020 primary race following his lead in the contested race and an announcement would be immediate. On February 15, 2019, it was reported that Sanders recorded his presidential announcement video for a 2020 bid. He announced his second presidential bid on February 19, 2019.

paragraphs: On March 2, 2019, Sanders held his first presidential rally in Brooklyn College in New York City. The next day, Sanders held a second rally at Navy Pier in Chicago. About 13,000 people went to the Brooklyn rally and 12,500 went to the Chicago rally.

paragraphs: On March 5, 2019, Sanders signed a formal statement, called a "loyalty pledge", saying that he is a member of the Democratic Party and will serve as a Democrat if elected. The day before, he had signed paperwork to run as an independent for re-election to his Senate seat in 2024. Later that month, national polling had Sanders and former Vice President Joe Biden tied for the Democratic primaries.

paragraphs: In January 2020, national polling showed Sanders in second place with 16% behind Biden's 28%, a three point gain for Sanders since last polling.

paragraphs: On April 6, 2019, Sanders was part of a Fox News town hall that had more than 2.55 million viewers. Sanders's appearance on Fox News saw an increase of Fox News viewers by 24% overall and 40% in the 25-to-54-year-old demographic.

paragraphs: During the first four Democratic primary debates, Sanders appeared near the center stage, as one of the highest polling candidates. During the July and September debates, Sanders and Elizabeth Warren were described by commentators as having a "non-aggression pact", talking about progressive positions which were different than positions from the other candidates.

paragraphs: Within three-and-a-half hours after his announcement, Sanders had raised over $1 million from small donations from all 50 states, breaking the record held by Senator Kamala Harris after her presidential announcement. Within 12 hours, Sanders had raised over $4 million from 150,000 donors, and in the first 24 hours following his announcement, Sanders raised $5.9 million from 225,000 small donations, with the average donation being $27. In November 2019, Sanders said his campaign had over four million donations from individual donors, the largest than any other presidential candidate in American history.

paragraphs: In January 2020, Sanders raised over $34.5 million during the fourth quarter of 2019, the largest of any 2020 Democratic presidential campaign.

paragraphs: In April 2019, a national poll had Sanders leading Biden 29% to 24% among Democratic voters for the primaries.

paragraphs: Sanders polled between 15-20% on most national surveys between May and September of 2019. In September 2019, Warren and Sanders remained in a virtual tie for second place. Some surveys showed Warren ahead of Sanders, while others showed Sanders ahead of Warren.

paragraphs: National surveys of a potential general election matchup with Donald Trump showed Sanders leading by an average of 6.5% as of September of 2019, compared to a 11.7% lead for Biden and a 5% lead for Warren. The average of polls in New Hampshire in August and September of 2019 showed a virtual tie between Sanders, Warren, and Biden. After constantly being behind Warren and Biden in the polls, in November 2019 Sanders saw a rise in polls beating Warren for the second place spot behind Biden.

paragraphs: In January 2020, an Iowa poll found Sanders tied for first place behind Biden and Pete Buttigieg with 23%. The same poll found Sanders in first place in New Hampshire with 27% and Biden in second with 25%. A few weeks later, Sanders was leading in a nationwide poll with 27% against Biden's 24%.

paragraphs: On February 10, 2020 following the Iowa caucuses, a national poll had Sanders leading the race with 25% while Biden fell to 17%. A few weeks later on February 27, a new Fox News national poll showed Sanders at 31% with Biden at 18%. After Super Tuesday in March, Biden began to expand his lead over Sanders.

paragraphs: On February 3, 2020, the Iowa caucuses were held, however, due to an issue with apps used to count the votes and spread the delegate votes, the results were announced the following day. The next day, 71% of the votes were released showing Pete Buttigieg leading Sanders by less than 2%. On February 10, Sanders and Buttigieg asked for a recount. The overall results, Sanders won the popular vote winning 45,842 (26.5%) while Buttigieg won 26.2% of the state delegates equivalents to Sanders' 26.1%. On February 27, Buttigieg was declared the winner of the Iowa caucus despite Sanders winning the popular vote.

paragraphs: On February 11, 2020, Sanders won the New Hampshire primary winning almost 26% of the vote compared to Buttigieg's 24%. On February 23, Sanders won the Nevada caucus in a landslide victory winning 40% of the popular vote and 47% of the county convention delegates. Following the race, Sanders became the Democratic front-runner leading with 34 delegates and nearly 26% of the popular vote. He also became the first presidential candidate, Democrat or Republican, to win the popular vote in the first three primary states in a row. In February 29, Sanders lost the South Carolina primary winning nearly 20% of the vote to Biden's 48%.

paragraphs: During Super Tuesday on March 3, 2020, Sanders won the California, Utah, Colorado and Vermont contests. He lost American Samoa to Michael Bloomberg and Alabama, Arkansas, Massachusetts, Minnesota, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia to Joe Biden. On March 11, Sanders won the North Dakota caucus, but lost the Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Washington, and Idaho primaries to Biden. On March 14, Sanders won the Northern Mariana Islands caucus. On March 18, Sanders lost the Arizona, Illinois and Florida primaries. On March 23, Sanders won the Democrats Abroad primary winning 58% of the vote compared to Biden's 23%.

paragraphs: Sanders lost the Alaska primary on April 11, 2020 after winning 44.7% of the vote to Biden's 55.3%. Two days later, Sanders lost the Wisconsin primary to Biden with a 63.8% to 30.9% margin.

paragraphs: On April 8, 2020 one day after the Wisconsin primary, Sanders ended his campaign after failing to beat Biden in many primary contests after Super Tuesday. He said that he would stay on the ballot in the remaining states and continue to keep delegates with the goal of influencing progressive ideas to the Democratic Party and Biden's campaign. On April 13, Sanders endorsed Biden for President.

paragraphs: Sanders spoke on the first day of the 2020 Democratic National Convention on August 17, 2020.

paragraphs: Sanders married Deborah Shiling in 1964. The couple divorced two years later in 1966. He met his second wife, Jane O'Meara, when Sanders became mayor of Burlington, Vermont in 1981. They were married in 1988. Sanders has a son, Levi Sanders, who was born out of wedlock with his domestic partner Susan Campbell Mott. Sanders and Mott were partners only one year before splitting in 1969. Sanders has three step-children from O'Meara: Dave, Carina and Heather Driscoll. He thinks of them as his own children. His brother, Larry, was a Green Party County Councillor representing East Oxford in England until his retirement in 2013.

paragraphs: Sanders says he is "proud to be Jewish" but is not very religious. He likes Pope Francis. Sanders says he feels "very close to the teachings of Pope Francis,". He calls the pope "incredibly smart and brave".

paragraphs: In 2016 and 2017, Sanders had earnings of just over $1 million, mostly royalties for his published books. He and his wife own two houses in Capitol Hill and in Burlington, and a lakefront summer home in North Hero.

paragraphs: Sanders received an Honorary degree from Brooklyn College on May 30, 2017.

paragraphs: Sanders had a small role in the 1988 movie "Sweet Hearts Dance". He played a man who gave candy to kids. In 1999, he had another small role in the low-budget movie "My X-Girlfriend's Wedding Reception". He played the role of Rabbi Many Shevitz. On February 6, 2016, Sanders was a guest-star on "Saturday Night Live". He played a Polish immigrant on a steamboat that was sinking near the Statue of Liberty.

paragraphs: In 1987, when Sanders was mayor, he recorded an album called "We Shall Overcome". In 1997, Huck Gutman and Sanders wrote a political memoir called "Outsider in the White House". It was published again in 2015 during Sanders' presidential campaign.

paragraphs: Sanders wrote a memoir titled, "", which was released on November 15, 2016. In November 2017, Sanders and Mark Ruffalo were nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album for their narration of the memoir.

paragraphs: In August 2017, Sanders published another political book titled "Bernie Sanders Guide to Political Revolution" which is aimed to help teenagers to get involve in the political scene. In November 2018, he published another book titled "Where We Go From Here", talking about how the aftermath of his 2016 campaign created a progressive movement and what Americans need to do to stand against the Trump presidency.

paragraphs: On November 30, 2015, Sanders had a hernia surgery at the George Washington University Hospital in Washington, D.C.. He made a full recovery later that week.

paragraphs: In December 2016, Sanders had skin cancer removed from his cheek. He made a full recovery the next day.

paragraphs: Sanders had chest pains at a campaign event in Las Vegas on October 1, 2019 and was soon hospitalized. He had surgery because his arteries were blocked. He had two stents planted and recovered from the surgery. Sanders left the hospital on October 4 and his doctors said that Sanders actually had a heart attack.

paragraphs: A few days after returning home, Sanders said that he had been having fatigue and chest discomfort for a month or two before the incident and regretted not going to the hospital beforehand. Sanders participated in the October 15 Democratic debate in Ohio on CNN.

paragraphs: In June 2017, the FBI launched an investigation into Sander's wife Jane's involvement in a bank loan for Burlington College of which she was president. This was after Brady Toensing, Donald Trump's campaign chairman in Vermont, accused Sanders of bank fraud. Both CBS and Politico reported that Bernie Sanders was also under investigation, however that was not true. Both Sanders and his wife have hired well known defense lawyers to represent them.

paragraphs: Sanders is a democratic socialist. He supports the Nordic model of social democracy. He thinks a workplace democracy is a good idea. He focuses on income, banning assault weapons, raising taxes on the wealthy, raising the minimum wage, federal background checks for guns, universal healthcare, lowering student debt, making tuition free at public colleges and universities, and expanding Social Security benefits.

paragraphs: Sanders is a supporter of paternity leave, sick leave, and vacation time. He also supports rules that would make it easier for workers to join or form a union. Sanders knows that global warming is real and he wants to fix it. He is against the Trans-Pacific Partnership. Sanders was against the U.S. invasion of Iraq. He thinks that the government should not engage in mass surveillance of American citizens. He has been against Patriot Act since it was created.

paragraphs: Sanders is more liberal on social issues such as supporting same-sex marriage, DACA, citizenship for illegal immigrants and abortion. On November 15, 2015, in response to ISIS' attacks in Paris, Sanders said: "We [have got to] be tough, not stupid," in the war against ISIS. He said that the United States should still welcome Syrian refugees.

paragraphs: After Donald Trump's victory in the 2016 presidential elections, Sanders said that the Democratic Party needs a "series of reforms" and "must break loose from its corporate establishment ties and, once again, become a grass-roots party of working people, the elderly and the poor."

paragraphs: In September 2017, Sanders called Saudi Arabia "an undemocratic country that has supported terrorism around the world, it has funded terrorism. ... They are not an ally of the United States".

paragraphs: In an October 2018 column for "The New York Times", Sanders called on the United States to end its backing of the Saudi intervention in Yemen and said Congress should have authorized it first.

paragraphs: In June 2019, Sanders called on Brazilian authorities to release former President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva from prison and drop all charges against him after leaked documents showed his arrest was politically motivated.

paragraphs: On July 9, 2019, Sanders and Representatives Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez and Earl Blumenauer proposed legislation that would declare climate change a national and international emergency. In September 2019, Sanders said that family planning and controlling overpopulation in third world countries can help fight climate change.


title: René Casados

paragraphs: René Casados Morales (born October 21, 1961) is a Mexican actor. He is best known for his roles in telenovelas. His career began during the 1970s. As of February 2010, he has appeared in nineteen telenovelas (Spanish-language soap operas). He is known for his roles "La madrastra" as Bruno Mendizábal and "Fuego en la sangre" as Father Tadeo.


title: Rafael Inclán

paragraphs: Rafael Jiménez Inclán (born February 22, 1941) is a Mexican actor. He stars on movies, telenovelas (Spanish soap operas), and stage works. He was known for his role in "La Red" and on "Mujeres Asesinas". His career began in 1969.

paragraphs: Inclán was born in Mérida, Yucatán, México.


title: Mount Airy, North Carolina

paragraphs: Mount Airy is a city in Surry County, North Carolina, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 10,388. Actor Andy Griffith was born here in 1926.

paragraphs: Mount Airy was settled in the 1750s as a stagecoach stop on the road between Winston-Salem, North Carolina and Galax, Virginia. It was named for a nearby plantation. Mount Airy was incorporated in 1885.


title: B. K. S. Iyengar

paragraphs: B. K. S. Iyengar, or Bellur Krishnamachar Sundararaja Iyengar (December 14, 1918 - August 20, 2014) was an Indian yoga teacher and writer. He founded the style of yoga known as "Iyengar Yoga". He was thought to be one of the foremost yoga teachers in the world.

paragraphs: He was awarded the Padma Shri in 1991, the Padma Bhushan in 2002 and the Padma Vibhushan in 2014. In 2004, Iyengar was named one of the 100 most influential people in the world by "Time Magazine".

paragraphs: Iyengar died in Pune, India from a heart attack caused by renal failure, aged 95.


title: Cassandra Peterson

paragraphs: Cassandra Peterson (born September 17, 1951) is an American actress. She played Elvira in "Elvira, Mistress of the Dark". She also played the Hostess in the movie "Elvira's Movie Macabre".


title: Catsuit

paragraphs: Catsuits are close-fitting one-piece garments that cover the torso and the legs, and often the arms. They are often made with leather, chiffon, latex or spandex materials. The suits usually close with zippers in the front or back.

paragraphs: Catsuits were worn as early as the 1940s. They can be worn by males or females. Despite their name, they do not have feline characteristics.

paragraphs: Some people consider catsuits to be fetish items.


title: Chiffon

paragraphs: Chiffon is a lightweight, plain-woven sheer fabric. The fabric is woven of S and Z twist crepe yarns. The twist in the crepe yarns puckers the fabric in both directions.

paragraphs: Chiffon is made from cotton, silk or synthetic fibers.

paragraphs: Gowns, lingerie, scarves and other clothing can be made of chiffon.


title: Latex clothing

paragraphs: Latex clothing is clothing made out of latex rubber. This clothing includes fetish fashion and BDSM clothing. It can also include raincoats, gloves, leotards and stockings.


title: Leotard

paragraphs: A leotard is a skin-tight one-piece garment that covers the torso. Leotards are often worn by acrobats, gymnasts, dancers, circus performers and figure skaters. They are worn by both males and females.

paragraphs: Leotards can have short sleeves, long sleeves, or no sleeves.


title: Chattanooga (band)

paragraphs: Chattanooga was a pop trio consisting of the Mia, Ackie and Clara Kempff sisters from Halmstad in Sweden. They scored chart successes during the early 1980s. They also participated at Melodifestivalen 1982 with the song "Hallå hela pressen". It ended up 4th.

paragraphs: In 2004, the trio was conemporary united to rerecord "Hallå hela pressen" together with Nina & Kim.


title: Port of Rio de Janeiro

paragraphs: The Port of Rio de Janeiro () is a seaport in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil. It is located in a cove on the west shore of Guanabara Bay. The port is managed by Companhia Docas do Rio de Janeiro. As of the 21st century, it is the third busiest port in Brazil.


title: 2014 Ferguson unrest

paragraphs: On August 10, 2014, the day after the shooting of Michael Brown, an African-American 18-year-old, protests began in Ferguson, Missouri. These happened for over two weeks.

paragraphs: On August 10, a day of memorials began peacefully. However, after an evening candlelight vigil, looting started.

paragraphs: On August 13, "The Washington Post" reporter Wesley Lowery and "The Huffington Post" reporter Ryan Reilley were arrested.

paragraphs: 212 people have been arrested in total. President Barack Obama said that most of the protestors in Ferguson were peaceful.

paragraphs: At a charity event, rapper Nelly led a crowd to join him in chanting "Hands up, don't shoot."

paragraphs: On August 19, two miles from Ferguson a 25-year-old African-American man, Kajieme Powell, was shot and killed by two police officers. Six other people have been injured.

paragraphs: On August 20, St. Ann Police Lieutenant Ray Albers was suspended for pointing a semi-automatic assault rifle at a peaceful protestor the night before.

paragraphs: Police made an "organized protest zone" in Ferguson.

paragraphs: August 26 was the #HandsUP Global Day of Action.

paragraphs: On August 28 a lawsuit was filed by five people against the Ferguson Police Chief, Thomas Jackson, St Louis County Police Chief, Jon Belmar, officer Justin Cosma and several officers who were not named. A few hundred people held a rally at West Florissant Avenue on August 30.

paragraphs: A memorial for Brown was burned. After this happened there were more protests. Seven people were arrested. The memorial was made again. On October 13 Cornel West was arrested at a peaceful protest.

paragraphs: North Korea called the United States a "human rights graveyard".


title: American Curl

paragraphs: The American Curl is a breed of cat. It has unusual ears for a cat. They curl back away from the face and seem to be sideways. This cat is a rare breed, but now lives in the United States, Spain, France, Japan, Russia, and other parts of the world. The American Curl is usually a strong and healthy breed.

paragraphs: Both longhaired and shorthaired American Curls have soft, silky coats which lie flat against their bodies. They require little grooming and enjoy spending time with their owners.

paragraphs: The American Curl is a medium-sized cat (5–10 lbs). It is not completely grown until 2–3 years of age. American Curl kittens are born with straight ears, like any other kittens. The ears begin to curl in about eighty-two days. After four months, their ears will not curl any longer. Then they become hard and feel stiff.

paragraphs: A house pet American Curl may have almost straight ears. To qualify for cat shows, ears must curl at an angle between 90 and 180 degrees. More curl is better, but cats will be not allowed to be shown if their ears touch the back of their skulls.

paragraphs: The breed began in Lakewood, California in a natural birth of kittens, but with a genetic mutation. In June 1981, two stray kittens were found and taken in by the Ruga family. The kittens were both longhaired, one black and the other black and white. The family named the black cat Shulamith. The black and white was named Panda. Several weeks later, Panda went missing. This left Shulamith to be the first female of the American Curl breed.

paragraphs: In 1986, an American Curl was judged in a cat show for the first time. In 1992, a longhaired American Curl became a champion in The International Cat Association (TICA). In 1999, the American Curl was the first breed the Cat Fanciers' Association (CFA) Championship Class allowed in both longhair and shorthair categories.

paragraphs: American Curl cats' ears need cleaning often to keep away infections. The ears must also be handled very gently to keep from breaking the cartilage.


title: Boris Dubin

paragraphs: Boris Vladimirovich Dubin (; 31 December 1946 – 20 August 2014) was a Russian sociologist and a translator for English, French, Spanish, Latin American and Polish books.

paragraphs: Dubin was the head of department of sociopolitical researches at the Levada Center and the assistant to Lev Gudkov, editor-in-chief of the sociological journal Russian Public Opinion Herald published by the Center. He worked at the Russian State University for the Humanities.


title: James Foley (journalist)

paragraphs: James Wright Foley (October 18, 1973 – August 19, 2014) was an American photojournalist. He was abducted in northwestern Syria on November 22, 2012, while working for the U.S.-based online news outlet "GlobalPost".

paragraphs: He was beheaded by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant at an unknown desert location in August 2014 in revenge for United States airstrikes on the group. His family, President Obama and the United States National Security Council all confirmed that a video of his death was real. Foley's beheading marked the first time ISIS had killed an American citizen.


title: Daniel Pearl

paragraphs: Daniel Pearl (October 10, 1963 – February 1, 2002) was an American journalist. He had American and Israeli citizenship. He was born in Princeton, New Jersey and raised in Encino, Los Angeles. He was kidnapped by Pakistani militants and later murdered by Al-Qaeda member Khalid Sheikh Mohammed in Pakistan. Pearl was kidnapped while working as the South Asia Bureau Chief of "The Wall Street Journal", based in Mumbai, India.

paragraphs: In July 2002, Ahmed Omar Saeed Sheikh, a British national of Pakistani origin, was sentenced to death by hanging for Pearl's abduction and murder.


title: Rochester, New Hampshire

paragraphs: Rochester is a city in Strafford County, New Hampshire, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 29,752. The city includes the villages of East Rochester and Gonic. Rochester is home to Skyhaven Airport.


title: Odessa Sathyan

paragraphs: Cheeram Veetti Sathyan, popularly known as Odessa Sathyan (10 October 1957 – 19 August 2014) was an Indian documentary filmmaker and social activist. he was known for his works in the naxal movements of the seventies in Kerala and his association with "Odessa Collective". He was a recipient of Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi award, for his musical album, "Balikurup", a documentary on Malayalam poet, A. Ayyappan.

paragraphs: Sathyan died on 19 August 2014 from pancreatic cancer at the Kozhikode Medical College in Kerala, India. His body was laid to rest at his home at Narayana Nagar, Kozhikode.


title: Candida Lycett Green

paragraphs: Candida Lycett Green (22 September 1942 – 19 August 2014) was a British author.

paragraphs: Lycett was born in Dublin. She was the daughter of John Betjeman. She was raised in Berkshire. She married Rupert Lycett Green in 1963.

paragraphs: She wrote sixteen books including "English Cottages", "Goodbye London", "The Perfect English House", "Over the Hills and Far Away" and "The Dangerous Edge of Things".

paragraphs: Her television documentaries include “The Englishwoman and the Horse” and “The Front Garden”. "Unwrecked England", based on a regular column of the same name she has written for "The Oldie" since 1992, was published in 2009.

paragraphs: Lycett Green died at the age of 71 on 19 August 2014 from pancreatic cancer.


title: Mercator projection

paragraphs: The Mercator projection is a cylindrical map projection which is widely used in cartography today. It was developed by Gerardus Mercator in 1569. It is not a physical projection, and cannot be constructed using geometric tools. On a small scale, geometric shapes can be moved around the map, without distorting them (this property is known as conformity). As a downside, the scale of the shape and the direction of lines may change when shapes are moved. For example, Africa is actually 15 times larger than Greenland, but on this map projection they look the same size.

paragraphs: Today, Mercator projections are mainly used for maps.


title: James Cama

paragraphs: James Cama Sr. (December 8, 1957 – August 15, 2014) was an American martial arts practitioner and teacher. He was known for practicing Wing Chun and the Southern Praying Mantis moves. Cama wrote a single book, covering the Buddha Hand Wing Chun system, which was published on August 14, 2014.


title: Ger van Elk

paragraphs: Ger van Elk (Amsterdam, March 9, 1941 - Amsterdam, August 17, 2014) was a Dutch artist. He made sculptures, painted photographs, installations and movies. His work is generally seen as conceptual art and arte povera.

paragraphs: Between 1959 and 1988, he lived and worked in Los Angeles, New York City, and Amsterdam. He studied in Groningen in the 1960s. In 1996. he won the J. C. van Lanschot Prize for Sculpture.


title: Levente Lengyel

paragraphs: Levente Lengyel (13 June 1933 – 18 August 2014) was a Hungarian chess player. He gained the Grandmaster title in 1964. Lengyel gained the title of International Master in 1962 and became a Grandmaster in 1964.

paragraphs: His final published rating from the international chess federation FIDE was 2293, although he had not been active for a number of years. At his peak, he was regarded as a strong grandmaster, competing for his nation at the top level and winning medals. He died in Budapest in 2014.


title: Brian G. Hutton

paragraphs: Brian G. Hutton (January 1, 1935 – August 19, 2014) was an American movie director. He was known for his movies in "Where Eagles Dare", "Kelly's Heroes", "The First Deadly Sin", "High Road to China", and "King Creole".

paragraphs: Hutton died in Los Angeles, California, aged 75.


title: Samih al-Qasim

paragraphs: Samīħ al-Qāsim, , , (born May 11, 1939 - died August 19, 2014) was a Arab-language poet from Israel. His poetry is influenced by two primary periods of his life: before and after the Six-Day War. He joined the Communist Rakah party in 1967, later Hadash - the Front for Democracy and Equality. Al-Qasim has published several volumes and collections of poetry.

paragraphs: He worked also as a journalist and was several times in prison because of his political activities.

paragraphs: Al-Qasim died aged 75, after a long battle with cancer.


title: Anton Buslov

paragraphs: Anton Sergeevich Buslov (4 November 1983 – 20 August 2014) was a Russian blogger, columnist at The New Times magazine, expert in transportation systems. He was the founder of non-governmental organization "Voronezh Citizens – for trams". He was co-chair and co-founder of trans-regional non-governmental organization "City and transportation".

paragraphs: Buslov died from cancer in New York City, USA, aged 30.


title: Rajesultanpur

paragraphs: Rajesultanpur is a city and Nagar Panchayat in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It has many government offices. It has a police station. It is connected by NH 233B and NH 233A.


title: Irbid

paragraphs: Irbid () is the capital city of the Irbid Governorate.


title: Ain Shams University

paragraphs: Ain Shams University (Arabic: جامعة عين شمس) is a university in Cairo, Egypt. It started in 1950. It was called Ibrahim Pasha's University. Its name was changed after the revolution of July 23, 1952. It has eight campuses. The university has more than 180,000 students.


title: God Help the Girl (movie)

paragraphs: God Help the Girl is a 2014 British musical drama movie written and directed by Stuart Murdoch. At the Sundance Film Festival it won the World Cinema Dramatic Special Jury Award (Ensemble).


title: Kelly's Heroes

paragraphs: Kelly's Heroes is a 1970 American war comedy movie directed by Brian G. Hutton. It was about a group of World War II soldiers who go AWOL to rob a bank behind enemy lines.

paragraphs: The movie stars Clint Eastwood, Telly Savalas, Don Rickles, Carroll O'Connor, and Donald Sutherland, with secondary roles played by Harry Dean Stanton, Gavin MacLeod, and Stuart Margolin.

paragraphs: It was released on June 23, 1970 and made $5,200,000 at the movies. It had the budget of $4,000,000.


title: Albert Reynolds

paragraphs: Albert Reynolds (3 November 1932 – 21 August 2014) was an Irish politician. He was twice Taoiseach of Ireland. He served from February 1992 to January 1993 and again from January 1993 to December 1994. He was the fifth leader of Fianna Fáil during the same period.

paragraphs: In 1995, Reynolds was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize.

paragraphs: Reynolds died in Dublin, from complications from Alzheimer's disease, aged 81.


title: Matt Heafy

paragraphs: Matthew Kiichi Heafy (born January 26, 1986) is a Japanese musician. He is the lead singer and guitarist of the heavy metal band Trivium. He joined the band at the age of twelve.

paragraphs: Shortly after Ember to Inferno was released, Heafy wanted to try out post-hardcore music. He created a joke band called "Tomorrow Is Monday". In a 2008 interview with Rock Sound he said the first song was written, recorded and edited in one hour.


title: Ann-Christine Bärnsten

paragraphs: Margareta "Ann-Christine" Bärnsten, born 10 July 1957, is a Swedish singer and writer. She has written several detective stories.

paragraphs: As a singer, she participated at Melodifestivalen 1975 with the song "Ska vi plocka körsbär i min trädgård". The song ended up 5th.


title: Mats Rådberg

paragraphs: Mats Rådberg (8 June 1948 in Stockholm – 27 June 2020 in Stockholm) was a Swedish country singer, guitarist, composer and architect. He scored several chart successes in Sweden during the 1970s and 80s. He is well known for working together with the country band Rankarna under the name "Mats Rådberg & Rankarna". He also participated at Melodifestivalen 1977 with the song "Du och jag och sommaren". The song was written by Tomas Ledin, and ended up 10th.

paragraphs: Mats Rådberg also acted as a background singer behind Chips at Melodifestivalen 1980. In 1980, he released the album "I'm the Singer, You're the Song" together with Elisabeth Andreasson. In 1983 he scored a hit with the song "Peta in en pinne i brasan", a Swedish-language version of "Put Another Log on the Fire".

paragraphs: Rådberg died on 27 June 2020 in Stockholm, aged 72.


title: Blockbuster

paragraphs: Blockbuster was an American provider of home video (DVD, VHS), and video game rental services that was founded in 1985 and disestablished in 2013. In 2004, Blockbuster had 84,300 employees and over 8,000 stores.

paragraphs: Blockbuster was founded in 1985 by David Cook, a technician. In 1994 it was bought by media giant Viacom and in 1997 John Antioco was named CEO. In 2004, they launched the "Blockbuster By Mail" DVD service to compete with Netflix and In 2007, James Keyes, a 7-Eleven executive, replaced Antioco as CEO. Blockbuster also started "Blockbuster On Demand" as an online-streaming service. Blockbuster filed for bankruptcy on September 23, 2010. On April 6, 2011, the company and its remaining 1,700 stores were bought by the satellite television company Dish Network and Michael Kelly of Dish was named President of Blockbuster. Stores remained open until Dish closed all company-owned locations in 2013.

paragraphs: In 2015, Blockbuster replaced "Blockbuster On Demand" with Sling TV, an over-the-top television service. The Blockbuster Fan Page originally tracked the franchise-owned stores, but as of 2019 there is only remaining in operation in Bend, Oregon.


title: Imelda May

paragraphs: Imelda Mary Higham (or Imelda May; born 10 July 1974) is an Irish singer-songwriter and musician. She is known mostly as a singer, though plays guitar, bass guitar and tambourine.

paragraphs: Her third studio record, "Mayhem", earned her a nomination for Choice Music Prize.


title: Scagliola

paragraphs: Scagliola (from the Italian "scaglia", meaning "chips"), is an artificial way of imitating marble and other precious material. It is a decorative building material.

paragraphs: Stucco columns, sculptures, and other architectural elements can be made by scagliola. It came into fashion in 17th-century Tuscany.

paragraphs: Scagliola is a composite substance made from selenite, glue and natural pigments, imitating marble and other hard stones. The material may be veined with colours and stuck on to a core, or patterns may be carved into a prepared scagliola matrix. The pattern is then then filled with the coloured, plaster-like composite. Then it is polished with flax oil for brightness, and wax for protection. The whole thing gives a richness of colour not easy to get in natural marbles.


title: Telmo Vargas

paragraphs: General Telmo Oswaldo Vargas Benalcázar (9 October 1912 – 9 August 2013) was an Ecuadorian politician. He served as President of Ecuador. He was Chief of Staff of Armed Forces of Ecuador. His army overthrew the military of Ramón Castro Jijón on 29 March 1966.


title: Gerry Anderson (broadcaster)

paragraphs: Gerald Michael "Gerry" Anderson (28 October 1944 - 21 August 2014) was a Northern Irish radio and television broadcaster. He worked for BBC Northern Ireland. He was known for his unique style and somewhat unusual sense of humor. Anderson often called himself on his show, as "Turkey Neck", "Puppet Chin" or "Golf Mike Alpha".

paragraphs: Anderson died in Belfast, Northern Ireland from a long illness, aged 69.


title: Puli

paragraphs: The Puli is a small to medium sized dog breed. It was brought to Hungary with the Magyars in the late 9th century. They are used as herding and guard dogs.

paragraphs: Female Pulis are about high. Males are . Females weigh . Males weigh a little more.

paragraphs: The Puli is an intelligent and active dog. It needs obedience training while still young. If a Puli gets enough exercise it can live in the city, even in an apartment.

paragraphs: But Pulis do best when not kept as indoor pets in a small living space. Pulis kept indoors need a lot of exercise to use up their energy, or they can became either shy or overactive. They need to get the kind of exercise they were created for. A Puli without enough exercise can became mischievous and cause trouble. The right kind of exercise includes running, biking, hiking, jogging and field work; not just a walk around the corner. Pulis are best kept in a house with a garden.

paragraphs: The Puli is happiest when it has work to do. Then this dog will show excellent intelligence, strength and ability to work with humans. This satisfies their strong instinct to guard their herd.

paragraphs: As a working dog, the Puli is obedient and focused when doing a task. Some of them are used as police dogs. They are one of the best sheepdogs. Pulis don't need to be taught how to guard the sheep. They naturally protect their territory and flock. Even though they are not big dogs, they will still try to scare away anyone they do not know.

paragraphs: If well trained, they understand even the smallest instructions and obey. They are excellent in obedience trials for dogs. These are also dogs who are sensitive (get their feelings hurt easily). Pulis hate being bullied or made fun of. Because they are so intelligent, they understand that they are being mistreated. If not treated well, they lose their desire to cooperate.

paragraphs: Pulis are not very friendly with people they do not know. With owners and friends, these dogs are funny, lovely and playful. Pulis bark quite a lot.

paragraphs: The coat of fur on a Puli is corded, like dreadlocks. The puli is a one-colored dog. It is usually black. It can also be white, gray, or cream. All Pulis, even the white ones have black eyes, black noses and black feet. The Puli's coat needs a lot of care to keep its cords clean, neat, and attractive. About 45 minutes of grooming work each week is recommended. When the dog is older the cords can become quite long and heavy. They sometimes are so long that they touch the ground. The cords can be thinner or thicker cords. The thin, nice cords are made by keeping the fur clean and cared for. Thin ropes are made by hand forming thinner ropes.

paragraphs: This breed has little to no shedding (see Moult).


title: Robert Hansen

paragraphs: Robert Christian Hansen (February 15, 1939 - August 21, 2014), known in the media as the "Butcher Baker", was an American serial killer.

paragraphs: Hansen was born in Estherville, Iowa to Edna and Christian Hansen, who was a Danish immigrant. In 1960, he burned down a bus garage. He was convicted of arson and sent to prison. His wife divorced him when he was in prison. He was assessed as having an infantile personality and released in 1962. He married another woman in 1963. The couple and their two children moved to Anchorage, Alaska, in 1967. In 1977, he was convicted of theft and sent to prison. He was diagnosed with bipolar disorder and in 1978 was released. In 1983, he was charged with assault, kidnapping, firearms offences, theft and deception.

paragraphs: Between 1971 and 1983, Hansen abducted, raped, tortured and murdered at least 17 and possibly as many as 21 women in and around Anchorage. He was discovered, arrested, and convicted of four murders in 1984. He was sentenced to 461 years plus a life sentence with no possibility of parole.

paragraphs: Hansen died at the age of 75, at Alaska Regional Hospital in Anchorage on August 21, 2014 due to an illness.


title: Kaufman Astoria Studios

paragraphs: Kaufman Astoria Studios is a movie studio in New York.


title: Sava Stojkov

paragraphs: Sava Stojkov (Serbian Cyrillic: Сава Стојков; 29 March 1925 - 20 August 2014) was a Serbian naive art painter. He was known for his environment depictions, as well as for his pre-photorealistic tendencies.

paragraphs: Stojkov has exhibited at over 650 group exhibitions and received over 40 awards for his work worldwide. Ten books, monographs and 12 painting maps were published about his art and a large number of documentary movies, radio and television shows were recorded about his works.

paragraphs: Stojkov was one of the most popular painters in Serbia and in the region. He painted landscapes and plains of Vojvodina, portraits of its people, and occasionally worked in specific oil-on-glass technique.

paragraphs: Stojkov died on 20 August 2014 in Sombor, Serbia, aged 89.


title: American Cocker Spaniel

paragraphs: The American Cocker Spaniel is a breed of dog. It is one of many Spaniel breeds. In the United States, the breed is usually called the Cocker Spaniel. In other parts of the world, it is called the American Cocker Spaniel. This is because there is a Cocker Spaniel called English Cocker Spaniel. They are clever, loving and happy dogs.

paragraphs: The breed is the smallest of the sporting or hunting dogs. Also, there are some differences between it and its English relative. It is a happy and intelligent working breed. Because of having been bred to meet show dog qualities, it is no longer an ideal working dog. These Spaniels now have many health problems with their hearts, eyes and ears.

paragraphs: The American Cocker has a medium long silky coat of fur. It has an upturned nose, either black or brown. It has long, silky ears that hang down. The eyes are large, dark in color and round. Fur colors can be black, tan, cream, dark red, buff, roan and sometimes merle.

paragraphs: This dog breed is nicknamed the "Merry Cocker". It is a friendly dog and not shy.

paragraphs: It is smart as a hunting dog. IQ tests given in the 1950s and 1960s showed the American Cocker did best of all dogs tested on hunting skills. But, they did not do as well on other skills. These showed they were slower in uncovering a dish of food or pulling on a string. The American Cocker Spaniel is in 20th place in Stanley Coren's "The Intelligence of Dogs". This means this dog is excellent in "Working or Obedience Intelligence" and in being trained.

paragraphs: If they are played with and loved as puppies, American Cockers can get along with people, children, other dogs and other pets. This breed has a tail that wags most of the time. It likes best to be around people. It is not meant to be left alone in a backyard. Cockers can get stressed by loud noises and by being treated roughly or fussed at.

paragraphs: Because they have now been bred to have a long coat, they can no longer be active enough to hunt or be exercised outside.


title: Casimir Pulaski

paragraphs: Count Kazimierz Michał Władysław Wiktor Pułaski of Ślepowron coat of arms (; March 6, 1745 October 11, 1779) was a Polish nobleman, soldier and military commander who has been called "the father of the American cavalry".

paragraphs: Pulaski was one of the leading military commanders for the Bar Confederation and fought against Russian domination of the Commonwealth. When this uprising failed, he was driven into exile. Following a recommendation by Benjamin Franklin, Pulaski emigrated to North America to help in the cause of the American Revolutionary War. He distinguished himself throughout the revolution. He most notably when he saved the life of George Washington. Pulaski became a general in the Continental Army. He created the Pulaski Cavalry Legion. He also created the American cavalry. At the Battle of Savannah, while leading a daring charge against British forces, he was gravely wounded, and died shortly thereafter.

paragraphs: In 2009, he was honored by becoming an honorary U.S. citizen.


title: Raed al Atar

paragraphs: Raed al Atar (1974 – 21 August 2014) was a Palestinian military personal. He was the commander of the Rafah company of the Hamas Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades. He was also a member of the Hamas high military council. According to the Congressional Research Service analyst Jim Zanotti, his command was important due to Rafah being the destination point for the smuggling tunnels from Egypt. al Atar was born in Gaza.

paragraphs: Al Atar was killed in Rafah, Gaza on 21 August 2014 in a missiles strike by the Israeli army.


title: Amanda Palmer

paragraphs: Amanda MacKinnon Gaiman Palmer (born April 30, 1976), sometimes known as Amanda Fucking Palmer, is an American musician. She became famous for being the singer of The Dresden Dolls. In 2008 her first solo album "Who Killed Amanda Palmer" was released by Roadrunner. Her second album "Theatre Is Evil" was released in 2012.

paragraphs: Palmer was born in New York City. She grew up in Lexington, Massachusetts.

paragraphs: At a Halloween party in 2000, Palmer met drummer Brian Viglione. Afterwards Palmer and Viglione started The Dresden Dolls.

paragraphs: Palmer has been married to English writer Neil Gaiman since 2011.


title: Knock Shrine

paragraphs: Knock Shrine () is a Roman Catholic pilgrimage site. In 1879, a religious vision was said to have happened in the village of Knock, County Mayo, Ireland. It was seen by fifteen people. The vision was of The Virgin Mary, Saint Joseph, John the Evangelist, angels, and Jesus Christ as the Lamb of God. A church was later built on the site, to worship and remember this event.

paragraphs: On the evening of 21 August 1879, at about 8 o'clock, fifteen people, aged from five years to seventy-five included men, women, teenagers and children, witnessed this event.

paragraphs: They all said they saw an apparition of Our Lady, Saint Joseph, and Saint John the Evangelist on the wall of the small parish church. The little church was called the Church of Saint John the Baptist.

paragraphs: The Blessed Virgin Mary was said to be beautiful, standing a few feet above the ground. She wore a white dress. She had a crown on her head. The crown was golden, sparkling, and glittering. She was described as "in prayer", with her eyes raised to heaven.

paragraphs: Saint Joseph, also wearing a white robe, stood on the Virgin's right hand. Behind the figures, to the left of Saint John was a plain altar. On the altar was a cross and a lamb, with angels around. The lamb is the symbol of Jesus. This symbol is from the religious phrase The Lamb of God)

paragraphs: Those who saw the apparition stood in the rain for up to two hours.

paragraphs: An ecclesiastical inquiry was held to decide if the vision was true and not a mistake or fake.

paragraphs: The evidence was found to be trustworthy and not a lie. At a second Commission of inquiry in 1936, the surviving witnesses confirmed the evidence they gave to the first Commission.

paragraphs: Every August, ten thousand pilgrims go to visit the Knock Shrine .

paragraphs: The original little church is still there. A new Apparition chapel with statues of Our Lady, St Joseph, the lamb and St John the Evangelist, has been built next to it. Knock Basilica is a separate building showing a tapestry of the apparition.

paragraphs: Mother Teresa of Calcutta visited the Shrine in June 1993.


title: Raphael (archangel)

paragraphs: Raphael is an archangel (arch means "highest" or "chief"). He is known in various religions as an angel who does acts of healing. The name "Raphael" means "It is God who heals", "God Heals", "God, Please Heal". Raphael is an angel in the Bible. His feast days (celebration days) are on September 29 and October 24.

paragraphs: Raphael is an archangel of the Judaism and Christianity. In Islam, Raphael is the fourth major angel; in Muslim tradition, he is known as Israfil. Raphael is also an angel in Mormonism, as he is briefly mentioned in the Doctrine and Covenants.

paragraphs: Raphael is generally associated with the angel mentioned in the Gospel of John as stirring the water at the healing pool of Bethesda. Raphael is spoken about in the Book of Tobit. Raphael was sent by the Lord to heal Tobit of his blindness. He also takes care of Tobit son, Tobias. He walks with Tobias to the village where he meets his future wife, Sarah. Sarah needs to be rescued from a demon who kills everybody who goes near her. This evil demon kills every man she marries on their wedding night. While they walk, Tobias and the Angel catch a fish together. Raphael told Tobias to catch a fish use the gallbladder to heal Tobit's eyes. Raphael also told Tobias how to protect himself from the demon. Tobias made a little fire and was burning the heart and liver of the fish. Tobias was driving away the evil demon with smoke.

paragraphs: Raphael is the angel who can heal. He is the patron saint (taking care of) the young people, shepherds; sick people and travelers. He can cure eye problems and nightmares.

paragraphs: He is a special angel of the apothecaries; meaning nurses, pharmacists, physicians and jobs like those. He can also be the guardian angel of happy meetings. Raphael is said to guard pilgrims on their journeys, and is often shown holding a staff. He is also often shown holding or standing on a fish. The fish is a symbol of his healing of Tobias's father Tobit with the fish's gall.


title: Jean Redpath

paragraphs: Jean Redpath (28 April 1937 – 21 August 2014) was a Scottish folk singer-songwriter, educator and musician. She released over 23 albums between 1962 and 1995. She was worked with American folk legend such as Bob Dylan and Ramblin' Jack Elliott. Her last album was "The Moon's Silver Cradle".

paragraphs: Redpath was born in Edinburgh and raised in Leven, Fife. As a young adult, she moved to the United States to begin a music career. She was given an MBE in 1987.

paragraphs: Redpath died from cancer on 21 August 2014 at a hospital in Arizona. She was 77.


title: Steven Sotloff

paragraphs: Steven Joel Sotloff (May 11, 1983 – September 2, 2014) was an American journalist. He is best known for his work for "Time". He also worked for "The National Interest", "Media Line", and "Foreign Policy". He has appeared on CNN and Fox News. He has traveled to Syria, Egypt, Turkey, Libya, and Bahrain.

paragraphs: Sotloff was born and raised in Miami, Florida. His father is Arthur Sotloff. His mother is Shirley Pulwer. He studied at universities in Florida and New Hampshire.

paragraphs: On August 4, 2013, Sotloff was kidnapped in Aleppo, Syria near the Turkey border. He is currently being held captive by ISIS Islamic militants in eastern Syria. On August 19, 2014, the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant released a video titled "A Message to America", showing the beheading of fellow journalist James Foley. At the end of the video, ISIS threatened U.S. president Barack Obama, telling him that "his next move" will decide the fate of Sotloff.

paragraphs: However, only days after this threat was released, the U.S. stepped up airstrikes against ISIS. The U.S. fired 14 missiles at various ISIS Humvees near the Mosul Dam.

paragraphs: On September 2, 2014, the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant released a video of the beheading of a man they identified as Sotloff.


title: Prime number theorem

paragraphs: The prime number theorem is a theorem from number theory. Prime numbers are not distributed evenly across the number range. The theorem formalizes the idea that the probability of hitting a prime number between 1 and a given number becomes smaller, as numbers grow. This probability is about n/ln(n), where ln(n) is the natural logarithm function. This means that the probability of hitting a prime number with 2n digits is about half as likely than with n digits. For example, among the positive integers of at most 1000 digits, about one in 2300 is prime (ln 10 ≈ 2302.6), whereas among positive integers of at most 2000 digits, about one in 4600 is prime (ln 10 ≈ 4605.2). In other words, the average gap between consecutive prime numbers among the first "N" integers is roughly ln("N").

paragraphs: Fifteen-year old Carl Friedrich Gauss suspected that there was a link between prime numbers and logarithms in 1793. Adrien-Marie Legendre also suspected such a link in 1798. Jacques Hadamard and Charles-Jean de La Vallée Poussin proved the prime number theorem in 1896, over a century after Gauss.


title: Azerbaijani rock

paragraphs: Azerbaijani rock is a type of rock music sung by Azerbaijani people. In the Soviet era, rock music was forbidden because the Communist Party of the Soviet Union believed it was a "Western anti-socialist" influence. However, in the 1980s popular rock bands in Azerbaijan began to emerge. The Azerbaijanis blended folk music with their rock music. After Bolshevism, progressive rock music began to be popular among Azerbaijani people. Since 2004, the Azerbaijan Music Awards honors musicians who record rock music.


title: 2014–15 Premier League

paragraphs: The 2014–15 Premier League is the 23rd season of the Premier League. It is the top English professional league for association football clubs since it started in 1992. The fixtures were announced on 18 June 2014.

paragraphs: The season started on Saturday 16 August 2014 and will end on Sunday 24 May 2015.

paragraphs: A total of 20 teams will play in the league. The top 17 sides from the 2013–14 season and the three promoted from the 2013–14 Football League Championship.

paragraphs: On 5 April 2014, Leicester City earned promotion from the 2013–14 Football League Championship after ten-years away from the Premier League. They became champions after beating Bolton Wanderers on 22 April 2014. On 21 April 2014, Burnley earned promotion to the Premier League with second place. This followed their win over Wigan Athletic. On 24 May 2014 Queens Park Rangers were the final team to be promoted after winning the 2014 Football League Championship play-off Final. They won 1–0 against Derby County at Wembley Stadium in London. The three teams replace Cardiff City, Fulham and Norwich City, who were all relegated to the Championship at the end of the previous season.


title: Liz Holzman

paragraphs: Elizabeth E. "Liz" Holzman (February 9, 1953 – August 11, 2014) was an American movie and television director, producer, animator and writer. She was best known for her work on the animated television shows "Animaniacs" and "Pinky and the Brain". She won three Emmy Awards during the 1990s.

paragraphs: Holzman was born in San Francisco, California. She studied at Mills College and at the California Institute of the Arts. There she earned her MFA in movie graphics. She was also the Animation Department Chair at the Art Institute of Portland.

paragraphs: Holzman died from breast cancer on August 11, 2014 in Portland, Oregon. She was 61.


title: Cat o' nine tails

paragraphs: The cat o' nine tails is a multi-tailed whip. It is sometimes called just the cat. It was first used to give severe physical punishment. It was used in the Royal Navy and British Army.

paragraphs: The cat o' nine tails is sometimes used in BDSM or sexual fetish activity.


title: Maria Altmann

paragraphs: Maria Altmann (February 18, 1916 – February 7, 2011) was a Jewish refugee from Nazi Austria to the United States. She was an art collector. Altmann's family owned five paintings painted by Gustav Klimt. They were stolen by Nazis during World War II. She was successful in getting back those five paintings.

paragraphs: Altmann was born in Vienna, Austria. She died at age 94.

paragraphs: The movie "Woman in Gold" is based on Altmann's life.


title: Contour line

paragraphs: Contour lines or isolines are used when plotting a function. All the points where the function has the same value are connected. Two well-known examples, where such lines are commonly are height lines on topographical maps, and showing areas with the same pressure or temperature on weather charts. Contour lines are an application of level sets.


title: Loleatta Holloway

paragraphs: Loleatta Holloway (November 5, 1946 – March 21, 2011) was an American singer. She was known mainly for disco songs, such as "Hit and Run" and "Love Sensation".

paragraphs: Holloway was born in Chicago, Illinois. She died there from heart failure.


title: War on Drugs

paragraphs: The War on Drugs is a term that is commonly used to describe the government initiative to end drug usage across the United States. The campaign started in the early 1970s and was given a major focus under the Reagan Administration of the 1980s. The War on Drugs continued into the 1990s and 2000s, but lacked the priority the US Government had given it under Reagan. It was made popular by President Richard Nixon, Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, and George W. Bush.

paragraphs: The War on Drugs lead to the capture of many drug dealers and ended many drug dealers in the United States. The Drug Policy Alliance said that the United States had spent $51 billion every year on the War on Drugs.

paragraphs: The War on Drugs also lead to the creation of the saying "Just Say No" which was created by Ronald Reagan's wife and First Lady Nancy Reagan. It was created to prevent teenagers doing drugs.


title: Level set

paragraphs: A level set of a function is the set of all the points where the function has a given value. This is a special application of a scalar field.


title: Cecil D. Andrus

paragraphs: Cecil Dale Andrus (August 25, 1931 – August 24, 2017) was an American politician. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He served as Governor of Idaho for 14 years. He served as governor from 1971 to 1977 and again from 1987 to 1995. He served as U.S. Secretary of the Interior from 1977 to 1981, during the Carter administration.

paragraphs: Andrus died on August 24, 2017 in Boise, just short of his 86th birthday, due to complications from lung cancer.


title: Sésamo

paragraphs: Sésamo, formerly known as Plaza Sesamo is a Latin American version of the "Sesame Street" television show. It was first shown in Mexico in 1972.


title: U. R. Ananthamurthy

paragraphs: Udupi Rajagopalacharya Ananthamurthy (; 21 December 1932 - 22 August 2014) was an Indian writer and critic. He wrote in the Kannada language. He was thought to be as one of the pioneers of the Navya movement. In 1998, he received the Padma Bhushan award from the Government of India.

paragraphs: He was the Vice-Chancellor of Mahatma Gandhi University in Kerala during the late 1980s. He was one of the finalists of Man Booker International Prize for the year 2013.

paragraphs: Ananthamurthy died of cardiac arrest caused by renal failure on 22 August 2014 in Bangalore, Karnataka, India, aged 81.


title: Commode

paragraphs: A commode is a special piece of furniture. The word comes form the French word and means "convenient". The commode developed from the chest. Commodes have drawers, so handling them is more convenient than handling a chest. Commodes have been in common usage since the 18th century.


title: Big Bag

paragraphs: Big Bag is a muppet and segment comedy television show from Jim Henson and Sesame Workshop It aired on the Cartoon Network between 1996-1998. Season 1 was released in 1996-1997 and season 2 was released in 1997-1998.


title: Trading Spouses

paragraphs: Trading Spouses: Meet Your New Mommy is a television show that aired in 2004-2007. Season 1 was released in 2004-2005, season 2 was released in 2005-2006, and season 3 was released in 2006-2007. Marguerite "God Warrior" Perrin (mother of Ashley Perrin and wife of Barry Perrin) (where she appeared in The Tyra Banks Show in 2006) (born 1961) appeared in this show.


title: Shake It Off (Taylor Swift song)

paragraphs: "Shake It Off" is a song by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. It is the first single from her fifth studio album, "1989". It premiered during a Yahoo! live stream on August 18, 2014. The song's music video was released was also released on the same day. The music video helped the song to debut at number one on the "Billboard" Hot 100. It was ranked number 13 in the year-end Hot 100 of 2014.


title: Pedicure

paragraphs: The pedicure is a way to improve the appearance of feet and nails. The word "pedicure" refers to superficial cosmetic treatment of the feet and toenails. Pedicures can help prevent nail disorders and nail problems. They are very popular, especially among women.

paragraphs: Pedicures are not only limited to the nails. Usually, dead skin cells on the bottoms of feet are rubbed off with pumice stones.

paragraphs: People have been pedicuring nails for over four thousand years.


title: Bruce Boxleitner

paragraphs: Bruce William Boxleitner (born May 12, 1950) is an American actor and science fiction and suspense writer. He is known for his leading roles in the television series "How the West Was Won", "Bring 'Em Back Alive", "Scarecrow and Mrs. King" (with Kate Jackson), and "Babylon 5".

paragraphs: He is also known for his dual role as the characters Alan Bradley and Tron in the 1982 Walt Disney Pictures movie "Tron", a role which he reprised in the 2010 sequel, "" and the animated series "".


title: Deborah Sussman

paragraphs: Deborah Elaine Sussman (May 26, 1931 – August 20, 2014) was an American artist and designer. She was a discoverer in the field of environmental graphic design. Her work put graphic design into architectural and public spaces. She worked on many projects, most notably the architectural landscape of the 1984 Summer Olympics. She was awarded an AIGA medal in 2004.

paragraphs: Sussman was born in Brooklyn borough of New York City, New York. Her father was a skilled commercial artist.

paragraphs: Sussman died from breast cancer on August 20, 2014 in Los Angeles, California. She was 83.


title: Roscoe Arbuckle

paragraphs: Roscoe Conkling "Fatty" Arbuckle (March 24, 1887 – June 29, 1933) was an American silent movie actor, comedian, director, and screenwriter. He helped Charlie Chaplin become an actor. He discovered Buster Keaton and Bob Hope.

paragraphs: Arbuckle was one of the most popular silent stars of the 1910s. He soon became one of the highest paid actors in Hollywood. He once signed a contract in 1921 with Paramount Pictures for US$1 million.

paragraphs: Arbuckle was accused of three counts of rape and for murdering actress Virginia Rappe. Arbuckle was later found not guilty and the jury gave Arbuckle a formal apology.

paragraphs: Arbuckle died in his sleep of a heart attack in 1933 at age 46.


title: Tom Snyder

paragraphs: Thomas James "Tom" Snyder (May 12, 1936 – July 29, 2007) was an American television personality, news anchor, and radio personality. He was best known for his late night talk shows "The Tomorrow Show" and "The Late Late Show". Snyder was also an anchor of the primetime "NBC News Update".

paragraphs: Snyder died of leukemia in San Francisco, California, aged 71.


title: James Freeman Gilbert

paragraphs: J. Freeman Gilbert (August 9, 1931 – August 15, 2014) was an American geophysicist. He was best known for his work with George E. Backus on inverting geophysical data and also for his role in establishing an international network of long-period seismometers.

paragraphs: Gilbert was born in Vincennes, Indiana. He studied at the University of California, Los Angeles.

paragraphs: Gilbert received many honors, including the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1981; the William Bowie Medal in 1999; and the Medal of the Seismological Society of America in 2004.

paragraphs: In his later years, Gilbert travelled throughout the world with his wife, Sally Gilbert. He died after being injured in a car accident in Southern Oregon on August 15, 2014. He was 83 years old.


title: Harry Fielding Reid

paragraphs: Harry Fielding Reid (May 18, 1859 – June 18, 1944) was an American geophysicist. He was known for his works to seismology, mostly in his theory of elastic rebound that was about faults to earthquakes.


title: Jason Momoa

paragraphs: Joseph Jason Namakaeha Momoa (born August 1, 1979) is an American actor, model, director, writer and producer. He played Ronon Dex in the television series "" and as Khal Drogo in the Home Box Office television series "Game of Thrones". His father is of Native Hawaiian descent, and his mother is of German, Irish and Native American descent.

paragraphs: He also starred in the movie "Conan the Barbarian". In 2014, he directed his first movie "Road to Paloma". Momoa played Aquaman, one of the superheroes in "", "Justice League" and the 2018 movie of the same name.


title: Hillsboro, Texas

paragraphs: Hillsboro is a city in and the county seat of Hill County in Central Texas. The population was 8,456 at the 2010 census.


title: Gordon Faber

paragraphs: Gordon C. Faber (April 2, 1931 – August 18, 2014) was an American politician and businessman from the U.S. state of Oregon. He was born in Greensburg, Pennsylvania, he grew up in Hillsboro, Oregon.

paragraphs: He joined the U.S. Air Force during the Korean War and was a small business owner before becoming a real estate agent and entering politics. He served on Hillsboro's budget committee and city council before serving two terms as mayor from 1993 to 2001.

paragraphs: Faber died on August 18, 2014, at home in Hillsboro, Oregon at the age of 83 due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.


title: Neil Goldschmidt

paragraphs: Neil Edward Goldschmidt (born June 16, 1940) is an American politician and businessman. He served as Governor of Oregon January 1987 through January 1991.

paragraphs: Goldschmidt also served as United States Secretary of Transportation under President Jimmy Carter from August 1979 through January 1981. He also served as Mayor of Portland, Oregon from January 1973 through January 1979.


title: James H. Burnley IV

paragraphs: James Horace Burnley IV (born July 30, 1948) is an American politician and lawyer. He served as the United States Secretary of Transportation from 1987 until 1989. He served during the administration of President Ronald Reagan.


title: Rodney E. Slater

paragraphs: Rodney Earl Slater (born February 23, 1955) is an American politician. He was the United States Secretary of Transportation under U.S. President Bill Clinton. He is a member of the Democratic Party

paragraphs: Slater graduated from Eastern Michigan University in 1977, and received his Juris Doctor degree from the University of Arkansas School of Law in 1980.

paragraphs: After Clinton was elected president, 1993 Slater became the first African-American Director of the Federal Highway Administration.

paragraphs: In 1997, Slater was appointed to be the Secretary of Transportation. He was the second African American to hold that post.


title: Ray LaHood

paragraphs: Raymond H. "Ray" LaHood (born December 6, 1945) is an American politician. He served as United States Secretary of Transportation from 2009 until 2013. He is a member of the Republican Party. LaHood represented Illinois's 18th congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1995 to 2009.