title: So Taguchi

paragraphs: So Taguchi (born July 2, 1969) is a Japanese former outfielder. After ten seasons with the Orix BlueWave of Nippon Professional Baseball, he played eight years in Major League Baseball with the St. Louis Cardinals, Philadelphia Phillies and Chicago Cubs, followed by a final two years in Japan with the Orix Buffaloes.

paragraphs: Taguchi is the second Japanese-born player to win a World Series after Tadahito Iguchi in 2005. Taguchi is also the first Japanese player to win two World Series with different teams – with the St. Louis Cardinals in 2006 and the Philadelphia Phillies in 2008.


title: What to Expect When You're Expecting (movie)

paragraphs: What to Expect When You're Expecting is a 2012 American romantic comedy movie that follows the lives of five interconnected couples in the Atlanta area as they experience the thrills and surprises of having a baby, and realize that no matter what you plan for, life does not always deliver what is expected. It was distributed by Lionsgate, produced by Mike Medavoy, Arnold Messer and David Thwaites, co-produced by Alcon Entertainment, Phoenix Pictures, What to Expect Productions and Georgia Public, edited by Michael Berenbaum, directed by Kirk Jones from a screenplay by Shauna Cross and Heather Hach with music by Mark Mothersbaugh and based on the pregnancy guide of the same name by Heidi Murkoff.


title: Nusret Gökçe

paragraphs: Nusret Gökçe (born in 1983), nicknamed Salt Bae, is a Turkish butcher, chef, and restaurateur. He owns Nusr-Et, a chain of steak houses. He became famous for his technique of preparing and seasoning meat, which is also an Internet meme.

paragraphs: Gökçe was born in Erzurum, Turkey. His family is Kurdish. His father worked in a mine. Due to financial constraints of his family, he had to leave school at the 6th grade. He started working as a butcher's apprentice in Kadıköy district, Istanbul.

paragraphs: Gökçe is also known for his charitable work. He built a school in his hometown of Erzurum.

paragraphs: Gökçe became famous from a series of viral Internet videos and memes. The videos show him "suavely" cutting meat and sprinkling salt.

paragraphs: His fame came from a viral video, "Ottoman Steak", posted on 7 January 2017. The video exceeded 10 million views on Instagram. He was nicknamed "Salt Bae" because of his particular way of salting meat: dropping it from his fingertips to his forearm, and then falling onto the dish. Due to the fame gained from this post, Gökçe's profile has expanded enormously. His restaurants, as well and Nusret himself, have served many celebrities and politicians.

paragraphs: Gökçe has visited several countries, including Argentina and the United States between 2007 and 2010. There he worked in local restaurants for free, in order to gain experience as a cook and a restaurateur. After his return to Turkey, Gökçe opened his first restaurant in Istanbul in 2010. In 2014, he opened a restaurant in Dubai.

paragraphs: The dishes served at Gökçe's restaurants have received mixed reviews and have been described as "overpriced". Early professional reviews in 2018 of his New York City steakhouse were generally negative. "The New York Post"s Steve Cuozzo called the restaurant "Public Rip-off No. 1". In an article on GQ, Joshua David Stein called the steak mundane and the hamburgers overcooked. However, from an entertainment standpoint, reviews were more positive.

paragraphs: In December 2017, he received criticism for a photo posing in front of an image of Fidel Castro, which was taken in 2016. In September 2018, Gökçe and the president of Venezuela Nicolás Maduro also received criticism for their actions at Gökçe's Istanbul restaurant. The reason was the latter's perceived insensitivity to the crisis and shortages in Venezuela.

paragraphs: As of 2019, Nusr-Et chain has branches in the following countries:


title: Ioannis Veryvakis

paragraphs: Ioannis Veryvakis (; 3 November 1930 – 19 June 2019) was a Greek Army officer. He rose to the rank of full General and served Chief of the Hellenic National Defence General Staff from 1990 to 1993. He was also Chief of the Hellenic Army General Staff. Veryvakis was born in Edessa. His parents were from Crete.

paragraphs: Veryvakis died on 19 June 2019 in Athens, at the age of 88.


title: Rubén Suñé

paragraphs: Rubén José Suñé (7 March 1947 – 20 June 2019) was an Argentine footballer. He played as a midfielder.

paragraphs: Suñé was born in Buenos Aires. He is best remembered as a Boca Juniors player, spending two stints at the club from 1967–1972 and 1976–1980. He won eight titles with Boca Juniors, including the Intercontinental Cup in 1977 and two Copa Libertadores in 1977 and 1978. He also played for Huracán, Unión de Santa Fe and San Lorenzo. He first played for Argentina in 1969, playing six times total for his country.

paragraphs: Suñé died on 20 June 2019 in Buenos Aires, at the age of 72.


title: Russian ruble

paragraphs: The Russian ruble or rouble ( "rublʹ", plural: "rubli"; sign: ₽, руб; code: RUB) is the currency of Russia. It is also used in two partially recognized countries, Abkhazia and South Ossetia. It is also used in the unrecognised republics of Donetsk and Luhansk. One ruble is subdivided into 100 "kopeks" ( "kopeyka", plural: "kopeyki").

paragraphs: The ruble was the currency of the Russian Empire and of the Soviet Union (as the Soviet ruble). Only three countries, Russia, Belarus and Transnistria use currencies known as ruble. The ruble was the world's first decimal currency: it was decimalised in 1704 when the ruble became equal to 100 kopeks.

paragraphs: In 1992 the Soviet ruble (code: SUR) was replaced with the Russian ruble (code: RUR) at the rate 1 SUR = 1 RUR. In 1998, while Russia was suffering from a second economic crisis, the Russian ruble was redenominated with the new code "RUB" and was exchanged at the rate of 1 RUB = 1,000 RUR.


title: Blaine, Washington

paragraphs: Blaine is a city in Washington in the United States (USA). It is in Whatcom County. The Peace Arch Park is located there.

paragraphs: Blaine is located on the International border between Canada and the USA.

paragraphs: The first name of Blaine was Concord. The name was changed in 1884 in honor of

paragraphs: James G. Blaine (1830-1893), a Republican leader.


title: Miguel Ángel Falasca

paragraphs: Miguel Ángel Falasca Fernández (29 April 1973 – 22 June 2019) was a Spanish volleyball player and head coach. He was born in Mendoza, Argentina and moved to Spain as a teenager.

paragraphs: Falasca played for the Spain national team between 1993 and 2009. He played at club level for many teams, including Las Palmas, Pòrtol, Skra Bełchatów and Ural Ufa. He represented Spain at the 2000 Summer Olympics and won the European Volleyball Championship in 2007. He also was a three-time medallist of the European Volleyball League (gold in 2007, silver in 2009, bronze in 2005).

paragraphs: After retiring from playing, Falasca coached Skra Bełchatów, the Czech Republic national volleyball team, Gi Group Monza and Saugella Monza.

paragraphs: Falasca, while coach of Italian team Saugella Monza, died of a heart attack on 22 June 2019. He was 46.


title: Chernobyl (miniseries)

paragraphs: Chernobyl is a historical drama television miniseries, produced by HBO and Sky Uk. The series was written by Craig Mazin and directed by Johan Renck. The series narrates Chernobyl nuclear disaster of April 1986 and the cleanup efforts that followed. It features an cast led by Jared Harris, Stellan Skarsgård, Emily Watson, and Paul Ritter. The series premiered in the United States and the United Kingdom on May 6–7, 2019. It received mostly positive reviews.

paragraphs: "Chernobyl" dramatizes the story of the nuclear plant disaster which occurred in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (Soviet Union), showing the stories of the people who caused the disaster and those who responded to it. The series depicts some of the least known stories of the disaster, including the efforts of the firefighters who were the first responders on the scene, volunteers, and teams of miners tasked with digging a critical tunnel.

paragraphs: The miniseries is based in large part on the memories of Pripyat locals, as told by Belarusian Nobel laureate Svetlana Alexievich in her book "Voices from Chernobyl".

paragraphs: Writer Craig Mazin began researching for the project in 2014, by reading books and government reports from inside and outside of the Soviet Union. Mazin also interviewed nuclear scientists to learn how a reactor works, and former Soviet citizens to gain a better idea of the culture in 1986. Furthermore, Mazin read several first-person accounts in order to bring additional authenticity to the story. He explained, "When you're reading the personal stories of people who were there — people who lived near the plant, people who worked at the plant, people who were sent to Chernobyl as part of the effort to clean it up — in those individual accounts, that's really where the story came alive".

paragraphs: In preparation for the miniseries, Mazin visited the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone. Mazin also did not cast any American actors, as that could potentially pull the audience out of the story.

paragraphs: On July 26, 2017, it was announced that HBO and Sky will produce a series named "Chernobyl". It was HBO's first co-production with Sky UK. The five-episode miniseries was written by Craig Mazin and directed by Johan Renck. Mazin was the executive producer together with Carolyn Strauss and Jane Featherstone. Chris Fry and Renck acted as co-executive producers. On March 11, 2019, it was announced that the miniseries would premiere on May 6, 2019. On June 4, 2019, Craig Mazin made the original scripts of all episodes available for downloading in PDF format (see External links below).

paragraphs: Simultaneously with the initial series announcement, it was confirmed that Jared Harris would star in the series. On March 19, 2018, it was announced that Stellan Skarsgård and Emily Watson had joined the main cast. In May 2018, it was announced that Paul Ritter, Jessie Buckley, Adrian Rawlins, and Con O'Neill also joined the cast.

paragraphs: Principal photography began in April 2018 in Lithuania. Initial filming started on May 13, 2018. The majority of the filmings took place in Fabijoniškės, a residential district in Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania. Fabijoniskes has maintained an authentic Soviet atmosphere. Accordingly, it was used to portray the Ukrainian city of Pripyat. An area of densely built panel housing apartments served as a location for the evacuation scenes. Director Johan Renck heavily criticised the amount of diverse and eye-catching modern windows in the houses, but was not concerned about removing them in post-production. At the end of March, production moved to Visaginas, Lithuania, to shoot the exterior and interior of the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant, a decommissioned nuclear power station, also known as "Chernobyl's sister" due to its visual resemblance and the nuclear reactor design used at both Chernobyl and Ignalina (RBMK nuclear power reactor). In early June 2018, production moved to Ukraine to shoot minor final scenes. The filming of "Chernobyl" took 16 weeks.


title: Josl Rieder

paragraphs: Josef "Josl" Rieder (3 December 1932 – 15 June 2019) was an Austrian alpine skier. He competed at the 1956 Winter Olympics in Cortina d'Ampezzo. At the event, he was disqualified in the downhill event and the slalom. He won three medals (one gold and two silvers) at the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships in 1958. He lit the Olympic flame at the 1964 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck.

paragraphs: Rieder was born in Lermoos, Tyrol. He died on 15 June 2019, at the age of 86.


title: Roary the Racing Car

paragraphs: Roary the Racing Car is a British stop-motion children's television series produced by Cosgrove Hall Films, Chapman Entertainment and HiT Entertainment. It follows the adventures of Roary and his racing car friends at Silver Hatch race track.


title: Bubba Green

paragraphs: Anthony Wayne "Bubba" Green (September 30, 1957 – June 21, 2019) was an American football player. He played as a defensive lineman. He played one season for the Baltimore Colts in the National Football League (NFL) in 1981. After playing 15 games for the Colts, he injured his knee and never played another NFL game. Green was born in Cape May, New Jersey and grew up in Woodbine.

paragraphs: Green died of cancer on June 21, 2019 in Randallstown, Maryland. He was 62.


title: Multiple system atrophy

paragraphs: Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder which causes autonomic dysfunction, tremors, slow movement, muscle rigidity, and postural instability due to dysfunction of the basal ganglia, and ataxia.

paragraphs: This is caused by progressive degeneration of neurons in several parts of the brain including the basal ganglia, inferior olivary nucleus, and cerebellum.

paragraphs: The symptoms are closely related to Parkinson's disease.


title: Reol

paragraphs: In late 2012, Reol began uploading original songs and cover songs to video sharing sites Nico Nico Douga and YouTube. On August 17, 2014 Reol co-released the compilation album titled "No Title+" with music arranger GigaP, video director Okiku, and art producer Key, under the group name "Anyosupenyosuyaya". The album contains vocals by Vocaloid virtual singers such as Hatsune Miku, GUMI and Megurine Luka, the album was released through Japanese label Celo Project. Reol has since released a version with her own vocals, titled "No Title-".

paragraphs: On July 29, 2015 Reol independently released her first studio album titled "Gokusaishiki", which reached the top ten on the Oricon Albums Chart. Later that year Reol, along with GigaP & Okiku, signed to Toy's Factory under the unit name REOL. On August 18, REOL made their first public appearance in the music video for their single "Give Me a Break Stop Now". They released their debut studio album titled 'Sigma' on October 19, 2016, which reached number 8 on the Oricon weekly Albums Chart.

paragraphs: On October 11, 2017, REOL released the "Endless EP" prior to their announced disbandment. The EP features their 2014 single "LUVORATORRRRRY!" featuring utaite rapper nqrse. The music video for the song has amassed over 43 million views on YouTube, making it the unit's most commercially successful release.

paragraphs: In January 2018, Reol signed to Victor Entertainment. On March 5 she released a music video for the song titled "エンド" as the single for her solo debut EP. Reol released her first EP titled "Kyokoushu" on March 14.

paragraphs: Reol released the singles "Saisaki" and "Sairen" in July and August respectively before the announcement of her first studio album "Jijitsujo" (事実上). "Jijitsujo" was released on October 17, and a music video for the third single "Gekihaku" was released on December 19.


title: Leevi Lehto

paragraphs: Leevi Lehto (23 February 1951 – 22 June 2019) was a Finnish poet, translator, and programmer. His best known work was theFinnish translation of "Ulysses" by James Joyce.

paragraphs: He translated the works of Louis Althusser, Gilles Deleuze, George Orwell, Stephen King, Ian McEwan, Josef Skvorecky, Walter Benjamin, John Keats, John Ashbery, Mickey Spillane and Charles Bernstein.

paragraphs: Lehto died of multiple system atrophy in Helsinki on 22 June 2019, aged 68.


title: Mickey Spillane

paragraphs: Frank Morrison Spillane (; March 9, 1918July 17, 2006), better known as Mickey Spillane, was an American crime novelist and actor. He was best known for his Mike Hammer novels. More than 225 million copies of his books have sold internationally. He was born in New York City.

paragraphs: Spillane died on July 17, 2006 in Murrells Inlet, South Carolina of pancreatic cancer, aged 88.


title: Murrells Inlet, South Carolina

paragraphs: Murrells Inlet is an unincorporated area and census-designated place between Horry and Georgetown Counties in South Carolina, United States. The population was 7,547 at the 2010 census.

paragraphs: It is most known for the Murrells Inlet Marshwalk, a boardwalk overlooking a salt marsh and which houses many restaurants.


title: Charles Bernstein

paragraphs: Charles Bernstein (born April 4, 1950) is an American poet, essayist, editor, and literary scholar. Bernstein is the Donald T. Regan Chair in the Department of English at the University of Pennsylvania.

paragraphs: He is one of the most known members of the Language poets (or L=A=N=G=U=A=G=E poets).

paragraphs: In 2006 he was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

paragraphs: Bernstein's selected poetry from the past thirty years, "All the Whiskey in Heaven", was published in 2010.


title: Climate of Uttar Pradesh

paragraphs: The climate of Uttar Pradesh (U.P.) is varying within Uttar Pradesh, a state of India. The dominating climate type is "humid subtropical with dry winter" (CWa) with parts of Western U.P having a semiarid climate (BS). Alternatively, some authors refer to it as "tropical monsoon climate". Some regional variations exist, however the uniformity of the vast Indo-Gangetic Plain, gives to the state a mostly single climatic pattern with minor regional variations. The temperature varies within the year. The extreme low and high temperatures are usually from 0 °C to 50 °C in several parts. During the monsoon season, floods often take place, due to heavy rain. The summers are extremely hot, the winters are cold and the rainy season can be either very wet or very dry.

paragraphs: Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) defines the climate of India into the following seasons:

paragraphs: This classification is primarily centered on Monsoons, which are very significant for the local population and agriculture of India.

paragraphs: The climate of Uttar Pradesh is generally defined to be "tropical monsoon climate". However based on the Köppen climate classification, it can be classified mostly as "Humid Subtropical with dry winter (CWa) type" with parts of Western Uttar Pradesh falling in the semi-arid category.

paragraphs: Based on IMD classification, Uttar Pradesh has the following three predominant seasons:

paragraphs: Retreating Monsoon season, although existent, has a very negligible effect in Uttar Pradesh and only occasional mild showers are experienced in winter. Some of these showers aren't caused by post-monsoon rainfall but due to western disturbances.

paragraphs: The primary temperature, rainfall and wind features of the three Distinct Seasons of Uttar Pradesh can be summarised as below:

paragraphs: Because there are significant climatic differences, Uttar Pradesh has been divided into two meteorological sub-divisions – U.P. East and U.P. West.

paragraphs: The state of Uttar Pradesh is in the heart of Indo-Gangetic Plain with River Ganges passing through Uttar Pradesh.

paragraphs: The extreme temperatures vary from 0 to 46 °C. High temperatures, approximating 50 °C have been recorded in Gonda district. A such wide range of temperature fluctuations in most parts of the state can lead to either cold or heat waves, both resulting in substantial loss of lifes and economy.

paragraphs: In 2007, Banda district recorded daily temperatures close to 45.5 °C for several days. At least 62 people died during the heat wave that year. In June 2009, another 30 people during a heat wave in Uttar Pradesh. Highest temperatures reached 49 °C in Bundelkhand district of northern Uttar Pradesh. In June 2010, Jhansi recorded the highest temperature of 46.7 °C, the hottest for U.P. for that year.

paragraphs: In recent years, winters at the end of 2007 and beginning of 2008 caused an increase of cold-wave related deaths in U.P. with temperatures dipping to 2.8 °C in the city of Meerut. Simultaneously it also led to a loss of crops and agricultural produce. Similarly, in 2009, the temperature dropped up to 2.9 °C in Meerut, causing deaths. On late 2010 and early 2011, this winter also caused cold-wave related deaths. This time, Churk town in Sonabhadra district recorded the lowest temperature, at 1.4 °C. On 13 January 2013, Kanpur recorded its all-time low temperature when the temperature reached −1.1℃. In Agra, the temperature reached−0.7℃.

paragraphs: Uttar Pradesh has a uniform rain pattern. Snowfall doesn't occur but hailstorms are common for Uttar Pradesh. The type of rainfall that Uttar Pradesh receives is orographic, cyclonic and convectional.

paragraphs: Primarily a summer phenomenon, the Bay of Bengal branch of the Indian Monsoon brings the most monsoonal rainfall in Uttar Pradesh. Uttar Pradesh is affected primarily from the southwest monsoon. "Western disturbances" and North-East Monsoon also contribute small quantities towards the overall rainfall of the state. The rain in Uttar Pradesh can vary from an annual average of 1.700 mm in hilly areas to 840 mm in Uttar Pradesh. As a direct result of the monsoonal rainfall, excess rain can lead to floods and shortage to droughts. As such, these two phenomenons of floods and droughts are common in the state.

paragraphs: Floods are a known hazard of U.P. due to overflowing of its main rivers like Ganga, Yamuna, Ramganga, Gomti, Sharda, Ghaghra, Rapti and Gandak. The estimated annual losses due to floods in U.P. reach . Major flood management efforts have been tried to mitigate the risk. Most of these floods occur due to the Monsoon rains and overflowing of rivers during the rainy periods. Year 2010 witnessed one such year of flooding in U.P.

paragraphs: Shortage of rain during the highly variable Monsoon season can cause droughts in U.P. leading to several deaths and loss of property. The recent 2002 and 2004 drought-related financial estimates report financial losses of and respectively. The recurrence of a major deficiency in annual rainfall follows a 6–8 years cycle in Eastern U.P. whereas in Western U.P., follows a 10 year cycle.

paragraphs: In summers, hot winds called "loo" blow all across U.P. They are carrying dust and cause significant damage. In winters, dry and rainless winds blow across the state. Fog may also form in parts of U.P.


title: Toy Story (franchise)

paragraphs: Toy Story is a computer animated comedy-fantasy film series and Disney media franchise that started in 1995 with the animated film of the same name. The movies are produced from Pixar Animation Studios and the distributor is Walt Disney Pictures. The franchise is based on the anthropomorphic concept that all toys, unknown to humans, are secretly alive, and the films focus on a diverse group of toys, most notably a cowboy doll named Sheriff Woody and a modern spaceman action figure named Buzz Lightyear, principally voiced by Tom Hanks and Tim Allen, respectively. The group unexpectedly embark on adventures that challenge and change them.

paragraphs: The first two films of the franchise were directed by John Lasseter. The third movie was directed by Lee Unkrich. Unkrich co-directed the second film, together with Lasseter and Ash Brannon. The fourth movie was directed by Josh Cooley. The first three films, produced on a total budget of $320 million, have grossed more than $1.9 billion worldwide. Each film set box office records, with the third included in the top 50 of all-time worldwide films. All four films have received generally positive reviews.

paragraphs: The franchise consists of four animated films: "Toy Story" (1995), "Toy Story 2" (1999), "Toy Story 3" (2010), and "Toy Story 4" (2019). "Toy Story" was one of the first films to be made entirely using computer-generated imagery. The films were produced by Pixar Animation Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Pictures.

paragraphs: In Rotten Tomatoes, all 4 movies have received very positive reviews. The first and second films score 100%, while the third and fourth score 98%. The third film in the series is the fourth highest-grossing animated film and the 28th highest-grossing film of all time. It also became the third animated film in history to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture, after "Beauty and the Beast" and "Up". as a trilogy of fan-film remake series in Live Action Toy Story trilogy, "Live Action Toy Story" (2013), "Live Action Toy Story 2" (2015, 2021), "Live Action Toy Story 3" (2020). also as a television series include, "Buzz Lightyear of Star Command", "Toy Story Toons", "Forky Asks a Question".


title: Prague Spring

paragraphs: The liberalisation and democratisation efforts of Alexander Dubchek and Czechoslovakia's Communist Party, known as Prague Spring, took place in 1968. As the Soviet Union thought that Czechoslovakia was moving away of communism, an alliance of Warsaw Pact countries invaded Czechoslovakia on August 20-21, 1968. Immidiately after the invasion, a series of protests took place in Czechoslovakia.

paragraphs: Prague Spring symbolizes the experiment of establishing of a socialism with a human face, in postwar Eastern Bloc and its violent suppression from Warsaw Pact countries in August 21, 1968. The event is included in a greater series of Cold War-related unrests. Some examples are May 1968 in France, the student protests against Vietnam War and the military junta in Greece (1967-1974).

paragraphs: After the invasion, the most reforms who took place during Prague Spring were reversed or halted. This period after Prague Spring is known as normalization. The only exception was the federalisation of Czechoslovakia. Czechoslovakia became officialy a federal country on January 1, 1969.


title: TV tuner card

paragraphs: A TV tuner card is a kind of television tuner that allows television signals to be received by a computer. Most TV tuners also function as video capture cards, allowing them to record television programs onto a hard disk much like the digital video recorder (DVR) does.

paragraphs: The interfaces for TV tuner cards are most commonly either PCI bus expansion card or the newer PCI Express (PCIe) bus for many modern cards, but PCMCIA, ExpressCard, or USB devices also exist. In addition, some video cards double as TV tuners, notably the ATI All-In-Wonder series. The card contains a tuner and an analog-to-digital converter(collectively known as the analog front end) along with demodulation and interface logic. Some lower-end cards lack an onboard processor and, like a Winmodem, rely on the system's CPU for demodulation.


title: Milan Asadurov

paragraphs: Milan Asadurov (; 29 December 1949 – 7 June 2019) was a Bulgarian author, publisher and translator. He wrote short stories and scripts for television and radio, starting in 1968. He founded the popular science fiction publishers' series Galaxy in 1978, which published more than 100 books. Galaxy published notable authors including Isaac Asimov, Raymond Chandler, Ray Bradbury, the Strugatsky brothers, Ursula K. Le Guin, Yordan Radichkov, William Faulkner and H. G. Wells. Some of the books published by Galaxy were the first translations in Bulgarian. He also wrote on the history of lighthouses on Bulgaria's Black Sea shoreline. He served as editor-in-chief of "Maritime" magazine.

paragraphs: Asadurov was born in Varna. He died on 7 June 2019, at the age of 69.


title: Bombay Hindi

paragraphs: Mumbai Hindi, also known as Mumbaiya Hindi, Bambaiyya, Mumbaiyya or Mumbai Hindi-Urdu, is a variety of Hindi-Urdu, spoken in Mumbai (formerly Bombay), India. The words and pronunciations of Bombay Hindi are derived mainly from Hindi and Urdu, collectively known as Hindi-Urdu or Hindustani. In addition, the predominant substratum influence on Bombay is Marathi. Marathi is the official and majority language of Maharashtra. Bombay Hindi also incorporates words from Gujarati and Konkani.

paragraphs: Unlike the most local dialects which are used primarily in the metropolitan centres, Bombay Hindi is widely known throughout India, as a result of its frequent use in Bollywood movies. Initially, this dialect was used to represent crooks and uncouth characters. According to Shoma A. Chatterji, "Indian films have the unique quality of different characters speaking different varieties of Hindi according to their social status, their caste, communal identity, education, profession, financial status, etc. [...] The villain's goons, speak in a special vulgarised, Bambaiya Hindi concocted specifically to typify such screen characters in Hindi cinema.". A particular genre of movies, named Munnabhai, in which the lead characters - being members of the Mumbai criminal underworld - speak entirely in this dialect, helped to spread the dialect.

paragraphs: Despite this increase in popularity, there are people who criticize the use of this dialect. Sometimes, Mumbaiya are seen as being disrespectful and demeaning.

paragraphs: Some neologisms which originated in Bambaiya Hindi have spread throughout India. Some examples are the words bindaas (a compound word, constituted from the Marathi words Bin and Dhast = Without Fear. Bindaas means 'relaxed' and this word was incorporated into the Oxford English Dictionary in 2005) and Gandhigiri (invented in the movie "Lage Raho Munna Bhai", a portmanteau of Gandhi and "-giri", which is similar to the English 'ism' (as in Gandhi-ism), though slightly more informal).

paragraphs: Thanks to Bollywood, some Marathi words, such as Thaska, Wakda, Porgi, Navri, Navrai, Kombdi, and Mulga/Mulgi, have been incorporated in Hindi vocabulary. Many Hindi songs have some Marathi words added.


title: Bengali–Assamese script

paragraphs: The Bengali–Assamese script (also "Eastern Nagari script") is the fifth most widely used writing system in the world. It is the basis of the Bengali, Assamese alphabet and Tirhuta (a mix of Devanagari and Eastern Nagari). It is also used to write Bishnupriya Manipuri, Kokborok (Tripuri) and Meithei (Manipuri). Other languages, such as Angika, Bodo, Karbi, Maithili and Mising, were formerly written in Bengali–Assamese script. Modern Sylheti uses the alphabet, alongside Sylheti Nagari. It was originally used to write Sanskrit. Today, in Eastern India, the use of Eastern Nagari for Sanskrit continues.

paragraphs: The Bengali—Asamese script wasn't created to write a certain language, but it was the main script in the eastern regions of Medieval India. The script was also used to write Sanskrit. In this region, Hindu epics (Mahabharata, Ramayana etc.) were written in older versions of the Eastern Nagari script in this region. After the medieval period, Pali succeeded Sanskrit as the new written language in the region. The vernacular dialects of Pali eventually evolved into Bengali, Assamese and other related languages. Sankardev used the script in the 15th and 16th centuries to compose his writings in Assamese. Madhava Kandali used it to write the Assamese Ramayana in the 14th century. It was also used by the later Ahom kings to write the Buranjis, the Ahom chronicles, in the Assamese language. There is a rich legacy of Eastern Indian literature written in this script, which is still occasionally used to write Sanskrit today.

paragraphs: Like Devanagari, Eastern Nagari also uses dozens of consonant clusters. They are represented by different and sometimes quite irregular characters. Thus, learning to read the script is complicated by the large size of the full set of characters and character combinations, numbering about 500. While efforts at standardizing the script for the Bengali language continue in such notable centers as the Bangla Academy in Dhaka (Bangladesh) and Paschimbanga Bangla Akademi in Kolkata (West Bengal, India), there isn't a uniform spelling for Bengali, as many people continue to use various archaic forms of letters. Among the various regional variations within this script, only the Bengali and Assamese variations exist today in the formalized system.

paragraphs: It seems that the need to typeset Eastern Nagari on computers will influence greatly its standardization. Since around 2001, there is work to develop Unicode fonts, and it seems likely that it will split into two variants, traditional and modern.

paragraphs: In this and other articles on Wikipedia dealing with the Assamese and Bengali languages, a Romanization scheme used by linguists specializing in Assamese and Bengali phonology is included along with IPA transcription.

paragraphs: The script presently has 11 vowel letters, used to represent the seven vowel sounds of Bengali and eight vowel sounds of Assamese, along with a number of vowel diphthongs. All of these vowel letters are used in both Assamese and Bengali. Some of the vowels have different sounds depending on the word. There's a number of vowel distinctions who are preserved in the writing system but they are not pronounced as such in modern spoken Bengali or Assamese. For example, the script has two letters for the vowel sound [i] and two letters for the vowel sound [u]. This difference arised from the time when Eastern Nagari was used to write Sanskrit, a language that had a short and a long , and a short and a long . These letters are preserved in the script with their traditional names of "short i" and "long i", etc., despite that they are no longer pronounced differently in ordinary speech.

paragraphs: Two additional modified Vowels, and , are not considered letters of the Eastern Nagari script, but are often used in Assamese and Bengali (respectively) to represent certain vowels when the intended pronunciation would otherwise be ambiguous. The latter vowel, which is used in Bengali, is used frequently to transcript texts originally written in other alphabets, most notably Latin.

paragraphs: Vowel signs can be used in conjunction with consonants to modify the consonant's pronunciation (e.g. , kô). When there isn't a vowel diacritic symbol, the vowel "" (ô) is the default vowel for the consonant. For example, under this rule, the letter চ is pronounced cho. To note the absence of a vowel, a "hôsôntô" (্) may be written underneath the consonant, e.g. দ্ d.

paragraphs: The names of the consonant letters in Eastern Nagari are typically just the consonant's main pronunciation plus the inherent vowel "" "ô". Since the inherent vowel is not written, most letters' names look identical to the letter itself (e.g. the name of the letter "" is itself "ghô", not "gh"). Some letters that have lost their distinctive pronunciation in Modern Assamese and Bengali are having the same pronunciation with other letters. For example, since the consonant phoneme /n/ is represented by the consonants , , or (depending on the spelling of the particular word). These letters aren't called simply "nô". Instead, they are called "dental nô", "cerebral nô" and "niô". Similarly, the phoneme in Bengali and in Assamese can be written as "palatal shô/xhô" , "cerebral shô/xhô" , or "dental sô/xô" , depending on the word.

paragraphs: Eastern Nagari script has its own set of digits.


title: Kei Igawa

paragraphs: Kei Igawa born July 13, 1979) is a Japanese former left-handed pitcher. He played for the Hanshin Tigers and Orix Buffalos of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) and New York Yankees of Major League Baseball (MLB). He led all pitchers in the Central League for strikeouts in 2002, 2004 and 2006. He also played in the 2006 Major League Baseball Japan All-Star Series.

paragraphs: He was the number two draft choice of the Hanshin Tigers in 1998. After a couple of years in the Hanshin minor league system, Igawa entered the starting rotation in 2001. In his first full season as a starter, Igawa went 9-13 for the last-placed Tigers, but finished with a Central League second-best 2.67 ERA, behind only Chunichi's Shigeki Noguchi.

paragraphs: In 2002, Hanshin improved to fourth, and Igawa's record was 14-9. He finished third in ERA (2.49), trailing Masumi Kuwata and Kenshin Kawakami. He also led the Central League with 206 strikeouts.

paragraphs: In 2003, the Tigers won the Central League pennant. Igawa made a great contribution with his brilliant performance. He pitched very well and finished with a 20–5 record, a 2.80 ERA, and was third with 179 strikeouts. He was named to the Best Nine, won the MVP in the Central League and also won the Eiji Sawamura Award, the Japanese equivalent of the MLB Cy Young Award.

paragraphs: In 2004 he lead the league at 228 strikeouts, he went 14-11 with a 3.73 ERA. In 2005, Igawa went 13-9 with a 3.86 ERA, fifth among his team's starters in ERA. He was only tied for fifth in strikeouts (down significantly to 145) and 10th in ERA.


title: Zealandia

paragraphs: Zealandia, also known as the New Zealand continent or Tasmantis, is an almost underwater continent, which sank after separating from Australia 60–85 million years ago and from Antarctica 130–85 million years ago. It was underwater about 23 million years ago, and most of it is sunken (over 93%) under the Pacific Ocean.

paragraphs: The continent of Zealandia has an area of 3.5 million km, is larger than Greenland or India, and almost half the size of Australia. It is very long and narrow, from New Caledonia in the north and south beyond the sub-Antarctic Islands of New Zealand in the south. New Zealand is the largest part of Zealandia that is above sea level, followed by New Caledonia.


title: General Government

paragraphs: General Government (GG, Polish: Generalne Gubernatorstwo) is a term who refers to a region in central Poland. This region, after its annexation from the Nazi Germany in 1939, was declared semi-autonomous with local civil and military administration. Unlike Vidkun Quisling's Norway, it wasn't a puppet state. The local authorities were staffed with Germans faithful to National Socialism.

paragraphs: Germany invaded in Poland on September 1, 1939, triggering the start of World War II. Germany won Poland in just 18 days. In September 18, the Soviet Union, signatory party of the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact, also invades Poland. Thus, Poland is divided in three parts:

paragraphs: At first, General Government was composed of four Polish voivodeships: Warsaw, Radom, Lublin and Kraków. In August 1941, the General Government was enlarged, incorporating Galicia which was detached from the Soviet Union. Kraków was the capital.


title: Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic

paragraphs: Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (, "Türkmenistan Sowet Sotsialistik Respublikasy"; , "Turkmenskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika"), also commonly known as Turkmenistan or Turkmenia, was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union in Central Asia. It existed as a republic from 1925 to 1991. Initially, on 7 August 1921, it was established as the Turkmen Oblast of the Turkestan ASSR before being made. On 13 May 1925, Turkmen ASSR was promoted to a union republic of the USSR as the Turkmen SSR.

paragraphs: Since then, the borders of Turkmenia are unchanged. On 22 August 1990, Turkmenia declared its state sovereignty, who means that its laws have a priority over the Soviet laws. On 27 October 1991, it declared its independence and Turkmen SSR was renamed to Turkmenistan.

paragraphs: Geographically, Turkmenia bordered Iran and Afghanistan to the south, Kazakhstan to the north and Uzbekistan to the east. Additionally, Turkmenia was a landlocked country; however it had access to the Caspian Sea in the west.

paragraphs: Russian attempts to annex Turkmen territory began in the second half of nineteenth century. Of all the Central Asian peoples, the Turkmen had the hardest resistance against the Russian expansion. In 1869, the Russian Empire established its presence in present-day Turkmenistan, creating a new sea port named Krasnovodsk (now Türkmenbaşy).

paragraphs: A few years later, they annexed Khiva Khanate in 1873. Because Turkmen tribes, most notably the Yomud, were in the military service of the Khivan khan, Russian forces invaded Khorazm, destroying many settlements and killing hundreds of Turkmens. In 1881, the Russians under General Mikhail Skobelev besieged and captured Geok Tepe, one of the last Turkmen strongholds. Geok Tepe is located close to Ashgabat. After the Turkmen defeat, the annexation of the present-day Turkmenistan was met with only weak resistance. Later in the same year, the Russians signed an agreement with the Persians. This agreement established the pernament Russian-Persian border, which became the present-day border between Turkmenistan and Iran. In 1897 a border agreement was signed between the Russians and Afghans.

paragraphs: Following annexation to Russia, the area was administered as the Transcaspian Region. Transcaspian Region was administered by officials appointed from the Turkestan Governor-Generalship in Tashkent. In the 1880s, a railroad was built from Krasnovodsk to Ashgabat and later extended to Tashkent. Urban areas began to develop along the railway. Although the Transcaspian Region essentially was a colony of Russia, the Russians still had concerns, such as the British colonialist intentions in the region and with possible uprisings by the Turkmen.

paragraphs: Because the Turkmen generally didn't oppose the introduction of Soviet rule in 1917, little revolutionary activity occurred in the region in the years that followed. However, the years immediately before the revolution had been marked by sporadic Turkmen uprisings against Russian rule, most prominently the anti-tsarist revolt of 1916 that expanded through the whole of Turkestan. Their armed resistance to Soviet rule was part of the larger Basmachi Revolt throughout Central Asia from the 1920s into the early 1930s, which included most of the future USSR republics. Although Soviet sources describe this struggle as a minor chapter in the republic's history, it is clear that opposition was important and resulted in the death of large numbers of Turkmens.

paragraphs: In October 1924 Central Asia was divided into distinct political entities. The Transcaspian Region and Turkmen Oblast of the Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Turkestan ASSR) became the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (Turkmen SSR), a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, having equal status with e.g. Russian SFSR. During the forced collectivization and other extreme socioeconomic changes of the first decades of Soviet rule, pastoral nomadism ceased to be an economic alternative in Turkmenistan, and by the late 1930s the majority of Turkmen had become sedentary. Efforts by the Soviet state to undermine the traditional Turkmen lifestyle resulted in significant changes in familial and political relationships, religious and cultural observances, and intellectual developments. Thousands of Russians and other Slavs, as well people of various nationalities mainly from the Caucasus, migrated to urban areas of Turkmenia. Turkmenia was industrialized and natural resources were exploited in a limited degree.

paragraphs: Under Soviet rule, all religious beliefs were suppressed by the communist authorities as superstition and "vestiges of the past". Most religious education and religious observances were banned. The vast majority of mosques were closed. An official Muslim Board of Central Asia based in Tashkent was established during World War II to supervise the Islamic faith in Central Asia. For the most of its existion, the Muslim Board functioned mostly as an instrument of propaganda. Atheism affected religious development and contributed to the isolation of the Turkmen people from the international Muslim community. Some religious customs, such as Muslim burial and male circumcision, continued to be practiced throughout the Soviet period, but most religious belief, knowledge, and customs were preserved only in rural areas in "folk form" as a kind of unofficial Islam unsanctioned by the state-run Spiritual Directorate.

paragraphs: Beginning in the 1930s, Moscow kept the republic under strict control. The nationalities policy of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) led to a development of a Turkmen political elite and promoted Russification. Slavs, both in Moscow and Turkmenia, closely supervised the national cadre of government officials and bureaucrats. Generally, Turkmen politicians supported Soviet policies. Moscow initiated nearly all political activity in the republic. Turkmenistan was a largely quiet Soviet republic. The only major poltiical event was a corruption scandal in the mid-1980s that ousted longtime First Secretary Muhammetnazar Gapurow. Many Turkmens were self-dependent, contributing to the low impact of Mikhail Gorbachev's policies of glasnost and perestroika on Turkmenistan. The republic found itself rather unprepared for the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the independence that followed in 1991.

paragraphs: When other Soviet republics claimed sovereignty over their territory in 1988 and 1989, Turkmenia's leadership also began to criticize Moscow's economic and political policies. After an unanimous vote of its Supreme Soviet, Turkmenistan declared its sovereignty in August 1990. In August 1991, following the failed coup attempt against Gorbachev's rule in Moscow, Turkmenia's communist leader and first president of Turkmenistan Saparmurat Niyazov called for a popular referendum on independence. The official result of the referendum was 94 percent in favor of independence. The republic's Supreme Soviet declared Turkmenistan's independence on October 27, 1991. Turkmenistan gained formal independence from the Soviet Union on December 26, 1991.

paragraphs: As with the other Soviet republics, Turkmenia followed the Marxist–Leninist ideology. The country was governed by the republic's sole party, Communist Party of Turkmenistan, a republican branch of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

paragraphs: The politics of Turkmenia took place in the framework of a one-party socialist republic. The Supreme Soviet was a unicameral legislature of the republic headed by a Chairman. The Supreme Soviet's building was in Ashkhabad.


title: SGR 1806-20

paragraphs: SGR 1806-20 is a pulsar in the constellation Sagittarius. It is located 50,000 light years away from the Sun and Earth in the star cluster 1806-20, with the star LBV 1806-20. On December 27, 2004, radiation from a gamma-ray burst caused by the star became the brightest event from outside the Solar System.


title: Andrey Kharitonov

paragraphs: Andrey Igorevich Kharitonov (; 25 July 1959 – 23 June 2019) was a Soviet and Russian actor, director and screenwriter. He appeared in movies, television and stage. He is known for roles in movies such as "The Gadfly" (1980), "The Invisible Man" (1984), "The Life of Klim Samgin" (1988) and "The Devil's Flower" (2010).

paragraphs: Kharitonov was born in Kiev, Ukrainian SSR. In January 2019, it was announced that Kharitonov was diagnosed with stomach cancer. He died on 23 June 2019 in Moscow, at the age of 59.


title: Zdeněk Remsa

paragraphs: Zdeněk Remsa (29 December 1928 – 22 June 2019) was a Czech ski jumper. He was born in Horní Branná. He competed at the 1948 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz.

paragraphs: Remsa died on 22 June 2019, at the age of 90.


title: Se'are Mekonnen

paragraphs: Se'are Mekonnen (Geʽez: ሰዐረ መኮንን; died 22 June 2019) was an Ethiopian army officer. He rose to the rank of General. He was the Chief of Staff of the Ethiopian National Defense Force from 2018 until his assassination in 2019. Mekonnen was born in Tigray Region.

paragraphs: On 22 June 2019, Mekonnen was shot and killed during a coup d'état attempt.


title: Abdul Sattar (diplomat)

paragraphs: Abdul Sattar (; 1931 – 23 June 2019) was a Pakistani political scientist, diplomat, author, foreign service officer and nuclear strategist. He first served as Foreign Minister of Pakistan from 1999 to 2002. Before this, he was Foreign Minister for a few months in 1993 and was Foreign Secretary from 1986 to 1988. He also served as ambassador to Austria and the Soviet Union.

paragraphs: Sattar died on 23 June 2019, at the age of 88.


title: Estevan Bruins

paragraphs: The Estevan Bruins are a junior ice hockey team playing in the Saskatchewan Junior Hockey League (SJHL).

paragraphs: Work to get a team for Estevan began in 1956 and resulted in the Humboldt-Melfort Indians moving to Estevan for the 1957–58 season.


Division 1


title: Frederick Andermann

paragraphs: Frederick Andermann (September 26, 1930 – June 16, 2019) was a Canadian neurologist. He is most noted for his research of epilepsy. He was Professor and Professor Emeritus in the Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery and Pediatrics at McGill University. He helped describe Andermann syndrome, a very rare neurodegenerative genetic disorder, with his wife Eva. He was named an Officer of the Order of Canada in 2006. After his death, Andermann was called one of Canada's most distinguished neurologists by McGill.

paragraphs: Andermann was born in what is now present-day Chernivtsi, Ukraine. He moved to Canada in 1950. He married his wife Eva in 1963. Andermann died on June 16, 2019 in Montreal, Quebec. He was 88.


title: Roger Marshall

paragraphs: Roger Wayne Marshall (born August 9, 1960) is an American politician and obstetrician. He is the U.S. Representative for . He was elected in 2016. Marshall is a Republican. In August 2020, he became the Republican nominee for the United States Senate seat being left empty by Pat Roberts' retirement.

paragraphs: Marshall was born in El Dorado, Kansas. He was in the United States Army Reserve for seven years, and he reached the rank of captain.

paragraphs: Marshall ran against Tim Huelskamp in the Republican Party primary election for in the United States House of Representatives. Marshall had support from many of Kansas's agricultural groups. They were mad at Huelskamp for losing his seat on the House Agriculture Committee. This was the first time in 100 years that a Kansan was not on that committee.

paragraphs: Marshall won 56% of the vote. Huelskamp won only 44%. The district is very Republican. No Democrat ran. In the general election, Marshall easily won.

paragraphs: On September 7, 2019, Marshall announced he would give up his House seat and run for the Senate seat being left empty by four-term fellow Republican Pat Roberts.

paragraphs: On August 4, 2020, Marshall won the Republican primary. He will face Democratic State Senator Barbara Bollier in the general election.

paragraphs: Marshall is against the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare). Marshall voted for the American Health Care Act of 2017. This bill would have repealed and replaced the Affordable Care Act.

paragraphs: Marshall lives in Great Bend, Kansas, and he practices medicine there.

paragraphs: Kansas's 1st congressional district, 2016


title: Gunther Kress

paragraphs: Gunther Rolf Kress (26 November 1940 – 20 June 2019) was a British semiotician. Kress was born in Austria and trained as a linguist in Australia. He was Professor of Semiotics and Education at the Institute of Education, University of London. Kress named a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in 2012.

paragraphs: Kress died in Rome on 20 June 2019 of heart failure. He was 78.


title: Primary election

paragraphs: A primary election is an election in which people in a political party can choose their party's candidate for a future general election.

paragraphs: They are used in many places in the world. It started in the United States during the progressive movement. People tried to take the power of picking a candidate away from party leaders.

paragraphs: There are two general types of primary elections:


title: State legislature (United States)

paragraphs: A state legislature in the United States is the legislature of any of the 50 U.S. states.

paragraphs: Every state legislature (except Nebraska's) is bicameral. This means that they have an upper house and a lower house. They are similar to the United States Congress in what they look like.

paragraphs: State legislatures do similar things as the U.S. Congress does, only for each state.

paragraphs: State legislatures have the power to ratify an amendment of the United States Constitution.

paragraphs: The first American legislature was created in 1619 by the Virginia House of Burgesses.


title: Pavel Chihaia

paragraphs: Pavel Chihaia (23 April 1922 – 18 June 2019) was a Romanian novelist. He was born in Corabia. His first novel, "Blocada" ("The Blockade"), was published in 1947. The novel was released before communist rule in Romania, and was part of an anti-communist organisation. In 1978, he left Romania to live in German city of Munich.

paragraphs: Chihaia died on 18 June 2019 in Munich, at the age of 97.


title: Kansas Legislature

paragraphs: The Kansas Legislature is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Kansas. It is a bicameral legislature. It has the lower Kansas House of Representatives and the upper Kansas Senate. There are 125 state representatives and 40 state senators. Representatives are elected for two-year terms, senators for four-year terms.


title: ISO 3166-2:US

paragraphs: ISO 3166-2:US is the part for the United States in ISO 3166-2. This is part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). They decide the codes for the names of the subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in I 3166-1.

paragraphs: Subdivision names are listed as in the ISO 3166-2 standard published by the ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency (ISO 3166/MA).

paragraphs: "Click on the button in the header to sort each column."

paragraphs: There are other areas that were given their own country codes in ISO 3166-1.


title: Max Kay

paragraphs: Max Kay (1936 – 5 June 2019) was a Scottish-born Australian entertainer and businessman. He started his career in Scotland and toured internationally as the manager of Andy Stewart. He lived in Perth, Western Australia from the 1960s onward. He performed as an entertainer in Perth. He also served as a councillor for the City of Perth. He received the Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM) in 2003 for services to entertainment.

paragraphs: Kay died of pneumonia caused by cancer on 5 June 2019, at the age of 82.


title: Amado Carrillo Fuentes

paragraphs: Amado Carrillo Fuentes (; December 17, 1956 – July 4, 1997) was a Mexican drug lord who seized control of the Juárez Cartel after assassinating his boss Rafael Aguilar Guajardo.


title: Green Lantern (movie)

paragraphs: Green Lantern is a 2011 American superhero movie based on the DC Comics character of the same name. The movie stars Ryan Reynolds, Blake Lively, Peter Sarsgaard, Mark Strong, Angela Bassett and Tim Robbins, with Martin Campbell directing a script by Greg Berlanti and comic book writers Michael Green and Marc Guggenheim, which was subsequently rewritten by Michael Goldenberg. The movie tells the story of Hal Jordan, a test pilot who is selected to become the first human member of the Green Lantern Corps. Hal is given a ring that grants him superpowers, and must confront Parallax, who threatens to upset the balance of power in the universe.


title: Abdullah of Pahang

paragraphs: Al-Sultan Abdullah Ri'ayatuddin Al-Mustafa Billah Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Al-Musta'in Billah (Jawi: السلطان عبدالله رعاية

paragraphs: الدين المصطفى بالله شاه الحاج ابن المرحوم سلطان حاج احمد شاه المستعين بالله) (born 30 July 1959) is the 16th "Yang di-Pertuan Agong" (head of state) of Malaysia and the sixth Sultan of Pahang. He was made Sultan on 15 January 2019, replacing his father, Sultan Ahmad Shah on 11 January.

paragraphs: On 24 January 2019, days after his accession to the throne of Pahang, he was elected as the 16th "Yang di-Pertuan Agong" of Malaysia. He was sworn in on 31 January.

paragraphs: He was also a member of the FIFA Council from 2015 to 2019.


title: Jericho (2006 TV series)

paragraphs: Jericho is an American action-drama television series. It's about life after a nuclear attack on 23 American cities. It takes place in the fictional town of Jericho, Kansas. It started on September 20, 2006, and it ended on March 25, 2008. It was on CBS. It was shown in 30 countries.

paragraphs: It was cancelled after one season. Fans asked the network to bring it back. They did, but it was cancelled again.

paragraphs: CBS DVD & Paramount Home Entertainment have made both seasons on DVD in Regions 1, 2 & 4.

paragraphs: On June 5, 2018, CBS re-released the complete series set on DVD in Region 1.


title: The Immortal (1970 TV series)

paragraphs: The Immortal is an American television series. It's about a man who has blood that can guard against diseases. This makes him almost unable to die. It was shown on ABC from September 24, 1970 to January 14, 1971.

paragraphs: On October 16, 2017, Visual Entertainment got the rights to the series. They then released The Immortal - 'The Complete Collection' on DVD in Region 1 on November 9, 2017.


title: Wan Azizah Wan Ismail

paragraphs: Dato' Seri Dr Wan Azizah binti Wan Ismail (Jawi: وان عزيزه بنت وان اسماعيل; born 3 December 1952) is a Malaysian politician. She is the first female Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia and the Minister of Women, Family and Community Development since 12 May 2018, during the Mahathir Mohamad cabinet.

paragraphs: She is the Member of Parliament for Pandan. She is the first woman to hold the position in Malaysia.

paragraphs: Currently, she is the President of the Pakatan Harapan coalition and was President of the People's Justice Party (Malay: Parti Keadilan Rakyat) from 1999 until 2018 and was elected Selangor State Legislative Assembly member for Kajang until May 2018.


title: 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup Group A

paragraphs: Group A of the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup matches took place from 7 to 17 June 2019. The group consisted of the hosts nation France, Nigeria, Norway and South Korea. France and Norway, along with the third-placed team, Nigeria (as one of the four best third-placed teams), advanced to the round of 16.


title: Siti Nurhaliza

paragraphs: Siti Nurhaliza binti Tarudin (Jawi: سيتي نورهاليزا بنت تارودين; born January 11 1979) is a Malaysian singer, actress, songwriter, record producer, and businesswoman.


title: 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup Group B

paragraphs: Group B of the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup matches place from 8 to 17 June 2019. The group consisted of China PR, Germany, South Africa and Spain. Germany and Spain, along with the third-placed team, China PR (as one of the four best third-placed teams), advanced to the round of 16.


title: 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup Group C

paragraphs: Group C of the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup matches place from 9 to 18 June 2019. The group consisted of Australia, Brazil, Italy and Jamaica. The top two teams, Italy and Australia, along with the third-placed team, Brazil (as one of the four best third-placed teams), advanced to the round of 16.


title: Geng Tan

paragraphs: Geng Tan (; born 1963) is a Canadian politician. He was a Member of Parliament (MP) as part of the Liberal Party between 2015 and 2019. He represents the riding of Don Valley North in Ontario. He is the first MP from Mainland China in the Parliament of Canada.


title: 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup Group F

paragraphs: Group F of the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup matches took place from 11 to 20 June 2019. The group consisted of Chile, Sweden, Thailand and the United States. The United States and Sweden, advanced to the round of 16.

paragraphs: At 19:30 CEST, in the 72nd minute, the match was interrupted due to severe weather. The match resumed at 20:12 CEST.


title: 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup Group E

paragraphs: Group E of the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup took es place from 10 to 20 June 2019. The group consisted of Cameroon, Canada, the Netherlands and New Zealand. The topherlands and Canada, along with the third-placed team, Cameroon (as one of the four best third-placed teams), advanced to the round of 16.


title: 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup Group D

paragraphs: Group D of the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup matches took place from 9 to 19 June 2019. The group consisted of Argentina, England, Japan and Scotland. England and Japan, advanced to the round of 16.


title: David Lidington

paragraphs: Sir David Roy Lidington (born 30 June 1956) is a British Conservative Party politician. He was the Minister for the Cabinet Office and Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster from 2018 until 2019 and Member of Parliament (MP) for Aylesbury since 1992. Lidington was born in Lambeth, London. He was educated at the University of Cambridge.

paragraphs: He also served as the Secretary of State for Justice and Lord High Chancellor from 2017 to 2018, Leader of the House of Commons and Lord President of the Council from 2016 to 2017 and Minister of State for Europe from 2010 to 2016.


title: Sophora koreensis

paragraphs: Korean Necklace-pod (syn. Echisophora koreensis) is an endangered species in Korea.

paragraphs: Former classified by Nakai as "Sophora koreensis" , latter himself transfer to a new monotypic genus Echinosophora


title: Waiting for Love (Avicii song)

paragraphs: "Waiting for Love" is a song by Swedish DJ and music producer Avicii. It was produced by Avicii and Dutch producer Martin Garrix. The singer is confirmed to be Simon Aldred, the lead singer of Cherry Ghost. The track was released on 22 May 2015 as the lead single from Avicii's second studio album, "Stories" (2015). The lyrics were also written by Aldred.


title: Steve Dunleavy

paragraphs: Stephen Francis Patrick Aloysius Dunleavy (January 21, 1938 – June 24, 2019) was an Australian-born American journalist. He was born in Sydney. Dunleavy was best known as a columnist for the "New York Post" from 1976 to 2008. He was a lead reporter on the tabloid television program "A Current Affair" in the 1980s and 1990s.

paragraphs: Dunleavy died at his home in Long Island, New York on June 24, 2019 at the age of 81.


title: Peter Ball (bishop)

paragraphs: Peter Wilfred Ball CGA (14 February 1932 – 21 June 2019) was a British bishop in the Church of England and convicted sex offender. In 1960, he created a monastic community, the Community of the Glorious Ascension. He was the suffragan Bishop of Lewes from 1977 to 1992 and the diocesan Bishop of Gloucester from 1992 to 1993, when he resigned after being cautioned for sexual abuse.

paragraphs: In October 2015, Ball was sentenced to 32 months in jail after admitting the abuse of 18 young men over a period of 15 years from 1977 to 1992. He was released on licence in February 2017 and died two years later.

paragraphs: Ball died on 21 June 2019 at the age of 87.


title: Stepan Shakaryan

paragraphs: Stepan Grigori Shakaryan (, 23 October 1935 – 22 June 2019) was an Armenian jazz and classical composer and pianist. He was awarded the People's Artist of the Republic of Armenia in 2017. He was a professor at Yerevan State Conservatory. He was born in Baku, Azerbaijan SSR.

paragraphs: Shakaryan died on 22 June 2019 in Yerevan at the age of 83.


title: Wibke Bruhns

paragraphs: Wibke Gertrud Bruhns (born Klamroth; 8 September 1938 – 20 June 2019) was a German journalist and author. She was born in Halberstadt, Germany. Bruhns began work in the media at age 22. She became known as the first female news presenter in West German television. She was moderator of the ZDF news program "heute" on 12 May 1971. Throughout her career, she was known for an affair rumor between her and German Chancellor Willy Brandt.

paragraphs: Bruhns died on 20 June 2019 in Berlin at the age of 80.


title: Joe Sestak

paragraphs: Joseph Ambrose Sestak Jr. (born December 12, 1951) is an American politician. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He represented in the U.S. House of Representatives from 2007 to 2011. He was the Democratic nominee for the United States Senate in 2010.

paragraphs: Sestak was a three-star vice admiral. He was the highest-ranking military official ever elected to the United States Congress at the time of his election.

paragraphs: On June 24, 2019, Sestak announced his candidacy to run for the Democratic presidential nomination in the 2020 election. He ended his campaign on December 1, 2019.


title: Joe Sestak 2020 presidential campaign

paragraphs: The 2020 American presidential campaign of Joe Sestak, a former representative of Pennsylvania's 7th Congressional District, began on June 22, 2019.

paragraphs: Sestak entered the race days before the first Democratic presidential debate was held and has not participated in any debates, failing to meet the minimum requirements for eligibility.

paragraphs: He ended his campaign on December 1, 2019.


title: Molara Ogundipe

paragraphs: Omolara Ogundipe-Leslie (27 December 1940 – 18 June 2019) also known as Molara Ogundipe, was a Nigerian poet, critic, editor, feminist and activist. She was a known African feminist writer who wrote on gender studies and literary theory. She was a social critic. Her best known work was the 1984 anthology "".


title: Frances Farenthold

paragraphs: Frances Tarlton "Sissy" Farenthold (born October 2, 1926) is an American politician, attorney, activist, and educator. She is best known for her two campaigns for the office of Governor of Texas. She was nominated for Vice President of the United States during the 1972 Democratic National Convention.


title: Lila Cockrell

paragraphs: Lila May Banks Cockrell (January 19, 1922 – August 29, 2019) was an American politician. She was Mayor of San Antonio, Texas from 1975 to 1981 and again from 1989 to 1991. During World War II, she was in the WAVES branch of the United States Navy. She was President of the Dallas and San Antonio chapters of the League of Women Voters during the 1950s. She was born in Fort Worth, Texas.

paragraphs: Cockrell died on August 29, 2019 in San Antonio at the age of 97.


title: Charles Wyrsch

paragraphs: Charles Wyrsch (July 5, 1920 – June 16, 2019) was a Swiss contemporary artist and painter. He was born in Buochs, Nidwalden. Wyrsch's artistic career was based on the expressive of figurative paintings, which he gave up in favor of abstraction for about ten years, to return to the figurative. Wyrsch died on June 16, 2019 at the age of 98.


title: David Esterly

paragraphs: David Esterly (May 10, 1944 – June 15, 2019) was an American limewood carver, self-described sculptor and writer. He was known for his naturalistic style of the British carver Grinling Gibbons (1648–1721). He was born in Akron, Ohio.

paragraphs: Esterly’s own carving began as decorative foliage work. He was a guest artist at the American Academy in Rome. He worked on commission for patrons in the United States, Britain, and Europe. His works are at the Munson-Williams-Proctor Art Institute in Utica.

paragraphs: In early 2019, he was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Esterly died at his home in Barneveld, Wisconsin from the disease on June 15, 2019, aged 75.


title: Heinrich Reichert

paragraphs: Heinrich Reichert (1949 – June 13, 2019) was a Swiss developmental and neurobiologist. He worked at the Biozentrum University of Basel. Reichert investigated the role of neural stem cells in the development of the brain using the fruit fly Drosophila as a model. He discovered a molecular production program followed by stem cells as they develop in the brain.

paragraphs: From 1986 to 1991 he was a faculty member at the University of Geneva before returning to the University of Basel. Reichert remained as a professor at the Zoological Institute until 2006, when he moved to the Biozentrum of the University of Basel where he continued to teach and research.

paragraphs: Reichert died on June 13, 2019 in Basel, Switzerland at the age of 69.


title: Graham Barnett

paragraphs: Graham Barnett (17 May 1936 – 24 June 2019) was an English footballer. He played as an inside-forward. Barnett was born in Boothen, Hanley, Stoke-on-Trent, England. He began his career with Port Vale in 1956. Then he was sold to Tranmere Rovers four years later. In 1961 he signed with Halifax Town. Then he managed South Coast United.

paragraphs: Barnett died on 24 June 2019 at the age of 83.


title: Liz Truss

paragraphs: Mary Elizabeth Truss (born 26 July 1975), known as Liz Truss, is a British politician. She is the Secretary of State for International Trade and President of the Board of Trade since July 2019 in Boris Johnson's cabinet. She was the the Chief Secretary to the Treasury from 2017 to 2019 and Member of Parliament (MP) for South West Norfolk since 2010. Truss was born in Oxford. She was educated at the University of Oxford.

paragraphs: She also served as the Secretary of State for Justice and Lord High Chancellor from 2016 to 2017, Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs from 2014 to 2016 and Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Education and Childcare from 2012 to 2014.


title: Jörg Stübner

paragraphs: Jörg Stübner (23 July 1965 – 24 June 2019) was a German footballer. He played at 47 international caps for East Germany from 1984 to 1990. He was born in Freiberg, then East Germany. He played for Dynamo Dresden from 1983 to 1993.

paragraphs: Stübner died on 24 June 2019 in Dresden, Germany at the age of 53.


title: Ekrem İmamoğlu

paragraphs: Ekrem İmamoğlu (born 4 June 1970) is a Turkish politician. He was Mayor of Istanbul from 17 April 2019 until 6 May 2019. He was elected in the March 2019 Istanbul mayoral election as the joint Nation Alliance candidate of the Republican People's Party (CHP) and the İYİ Party, then he was re-elected on 23 June 2019.

paragraphs: He was formerly the Mayor of Beylikdüzü, a western district of Istanbul, between 2014 and 2019.


title: 2019 Amhara Region coup d'état attempt

paragraphs: On 22 June 2019, factions of the security forces of Ethiopia's Amhara Region attempted a coup d'état against the regional government, during which the President of the Amhara Region, Ambachew Mekonnen, was assassinated.

paragraphs: A bodyguard siding with the nationalist factions assassinated General Se'are Mekonnen – the Chief of the General Staff of the Ethiopian National Defense Force – as well as his aide, Major General Gizae Aberra.

paragraphs: The Prime Minister's Office accused Brigadier General Asaminew Tsige, head of the Amhara region security forces, of leading the plot.

paragraphs: Asaminew remained at large for 36 hours after the attempt. The state media confirmed that he was shot dead by police near Bahir Dar on 24 June, while several of his alleged co-conspirators have been detained.

paragraphs: Following the coup attempt, internet access was shut down nationwide.


title: Hugh Norman-Walker

paragraphs: Sir Hugh Selby Norman-Walker (17 December 1916 – 28 August 1985) was a British colonial officer. He was the Commissioner of Bechuanaland from 1965 to 1966. He was also the Governor of Seychelles from 1967 to 1969 and the Colonial Secretary of Hong Kong from 1969 to 1973.


title: Martine Ouellet

paragraphs: Martine Ouellet is a politician and a mechanical engineer from Quebec, Canada. She was the leader of the Bloc Québécois.


title: Fernando Roldán

paragraphs: Víctor Luis Fernando Roldán Campos (15 October 1921 – 23 June 2019) was a Chilean footballer. He played as a defender. He played club football for Club Deportivo Universidad Católica. He also represented Chile at the 1950 FIFA World Cup.

paragraphs: Roldán died on 23 June 2019, at the age of 97.


title: Lieutenant Governor of Kansas

paragraphs: The Lieutenant Governor of Kansas is the second-highest member of the executive branch of Kansas state government. The lieutenant governor is elected with the governor for a four-year term. The lieutenant governor becomes governor if the governor dies or resigns. They also become acting governor if the governor is incapacitated or left the state.

paragraphs: , eleven former lieutenant governors of Kansas are alive. The most recent lieutenant governor to die was Thomas Docking, who served from 1983 to 1987, on August 24, 2017. The most recently serving lieutenant governor to die was Jack D. Walker, who served from 1987 to 1991, on September 1, 2005.


title: Isabel Sarli

paragraphs: Hilda Isabel "Coca" Gorrindo Sarli (9 July 1929 – 25 June 2019) was an Argentine actress and glamour model. She is best known for starring in many sexploitation moviess by Armando Bó. Notable movies that Sarli appeared in that were directed by Bó include "Thunder Among the Leaves" (1958), "Carne" (1968), "Fuego" (1969) and "Fiebre" (1971). She began her career as a model and beauty queen. In 1955, she was named Miss Argentina and reaching the semi-finals of Miss Universe.

paragraphs: Sarli was born in Concordia, Entre Ríos. She was in a romantic relationship with Armando Bó until his death in 1981.

paragraphs: Sarli died on 25 June 2019 in Buenos Aires, at the age of 89.


title: José Huerta

paragraphs: José Modesto Huerta Torres (15 June 1948 – 24 June 2019) was a Peruvian politician. He was born in Arequipa. At the time of his death in 2019, he was Minister of Defense since 2018. Huerta also served in the military and rose to the rank of General.

paragraphs: On 24 June 2019, Huerta died of a heart attack in Santa María de Nieva, Amazonas. He was 71.


title: Harold Olsen

paragraphs: Harold G. Olsen was a college men's basketball coach. The Rice Lake, Wisconsin native was the head coach of the Ohio State University from 1922 to 1946. That year, he became the first head coach of the BAA's Chicago Stags, where he coached almost three seasons before being replaced by Philip Brownstein.


title: Sacking of Lawrence

paragraphs: The Sacking of Lawrence happened on May 21, 1856, when pro-slavery people came to Lawrence, Kansas and attacked it. Lawrence was an anti-slavery town. They were led by Douglas County Sheriff Samuel J. Jones. The attack made the irregular conflict in Kansas Territory worse. The conflicts later became known as "Bleeding Kansas".

paragraphs: Only one person died, and his death was by accident. However, the pro-slavery people destroyed two free-state newspapers, the "Kansas Free State" and the "Herald of Freedom".

paragraphs: Lawrence, Kansas was created in 1854 by anti-slavery people. They often were attacked by pro-slavery people because Lawrence was anti-slavery. Lawrence had almost been attacked during the Wakarusa War in 1855.

paragraphs: Pro-slavery sheriff Samuel Jones was shot when he was trying to arrest anti-slavery people. Many anti-slavery people believed that Jones being shot was the cause of the attack. Lawrence people made Jones leave after he was shot. Federal Marshal Israel B. Donaldson said that Jones being shot stopped him from following warrants. He decided to send 800 pro-slavery men to Lawrence to destroy anti-slavery newspapers and destroy the Free State Hotel.

paragraphs: On May 21, 1856, Jones and Donaldson came to Lawrence. A group of many men were on Mount Oread, and they had a cannon. Charles L. Robinson's house was taken over and used as Jones's headquarters. Jones's men guarded the roads that went in and out of Lawrence to stop people from leaving. Jones's men flew many flags, such as the state flags of Alabama and South Carolina. Many flags had anti-Free State or pro-slavery messages on them such as "Kansas the Outpost", "Southern Rights", and "Supremacy of the White Race").

paragraphs: Shalor Eldridge, the owner of the Free State Hotel, learned of the coming pro-slavery men, and he came to meet them. Donaldson told him that he and his men would attack Lawrence only if the people of Lawrence resisted his men. Donaldson and Eldridge went to the Free State Hotel. There, Eldridge cooked a good meal that had fresh food and expensive wine. He made this meal so that Donaldson and his men would stay calm. Eldridge was interviewed by Donaldson while he and his men continued to eat the meal, then they left without paying. Shortly after, Donaldson let Jones command his men. Jones then asked to talk to a representative of the town. Samuel C. Pomeroy agreed to meet with Jones and talk to him about the situation. Jones was clear in what he wanted: for the people of Lawrence to give up all of their weapons. Pomeroy argued that there was not much he could do about that, since it was for the people to decide if they would give up their weapons. However, hoping to convince Jones to leave the city peacefully, Pomeroy agreed to give the city's only artillery piece. While Jones did take this cannon, it did not convince him as Pomeroy had hoped.

paragraphs: It was the "Old Sacramento" cannon that the pro-slavers used to try to destroy the Free State Hotel. This weapon had been kept in the Liberty Arsenal until it was taken by pro-slavery forces in 1855. (The cannon would eventually be taken by free-staters later in 1856 during the Second Battle of Franklin.)

paragraphs: While Jones and his men were trying to destory the hotel, the printing offices of the "Kansas Free State" and the "Herald of Freedom" were destroyed; their libraries were thrown out the window, the presses were smashed, and the type was thrown in the river. Any papers left were either thrown into the wind to be carried off or were used by Jones and his men to burn down the Free State Hotel. When the newspapers and the hotel were destoryed, Jones's men then looted the town. As they retreated, they burned Robinson's home on Mount Oread for good measure.

paragraphs: One person—a member of Jones's gang—died during the attack when he was hit in the head by a falling bit of the Free State Hotel.

paragraphs: While the Free State Hotel was destroyed, a man named Shalor Eldridge bought the destroyed ruins of the building. He decided to rebuild it as the "Eldridge House". This building remained until 1863, when it was burned down by William Quantrill during the Lawrence Massacre (after which it would be rebuilt two more times in 1866 and 1926, respectively).

paragraphs: For a many months after the Sack of Lawrence, the city was without a free state newspaper. This was made worse by the fact that Josiah Miller, who ran the "Kansas Free State", decided not to start his newspaper again. George Brown restarted the "Herald of Freedom" in November 1857, so Lawrence had a newspaper again.

paragraphs: Lawrence's only cannon was lost due to the sacking. This would be at least one reason that Free-Staters would attack Franklin's Fort in June and August of 1856; they hoped to get the "Old Sacramento" cannon so they could use it.


title: Liverpool Cruise Terminal

paragraphs: Liverpool Cruise Terminal opened in Liverpool in 2007. It provides transport for long-distance international passenger ship travel.

paragraphs: Originally long-distance international passenger travel by ship began in Liverpool in 1819 with the opening of the Princes' Landing Stage but this closed in 1973. In 2018, a second cruise terminal building began construction. In 2019, cruises departed from Liverpool Cruise Terminal to visit Iceland, Portugal, France and Norway.


title: LZ 130 Graf Zeppelin

paragraphs: The LZ 130 Graf Zeppelin ΙΙ was the last Zeppelin built in the time between World War 1 and World War 2. Built from the same blueprints as its sister the LZ-129 Hindenburg, in October, 1937, LZ-130 was modified to use helium after the LZ-129 Hindenburg crash, delaying her first flight. Because helium provides less lift than hydrogen, LZ-130’s passenger capacity was reduced from the 72 carried by Hindenburg to just 40.

paragraphs: Helium is rare and expensive, so the airship was also modified to not leak helium. However, the United States refused to sell any helium to Germany, so the airship was filled with hydrogen anyway.


title: Heads of state of the Gambia

paragraphs: This is a list of the heads of state of The Gambia, from the independence of The Gambia in 1965 to the present day.

paragraphs: From 1965 to 1970 the head of state under the Gambia Independence Act 1964 was the Queen of The Gambia, Elizabeth II, who was also the Monarch of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms. The Queen was represented in The Gambia by a Governor-General. The Gambia became a republic in 1970 and the Monarch and Governor-General were replaced by an executive President.

paragraphs: The succession to the throne was the same as the succession to the British throne.

paragraphs: The Governor-General was the representative of the Monarch in The Gambia and exercised most of the powers of the monarch. The Governor-General was appointed for an indefinite term, serving at the pleasure of the Monarch. The Governor-General was appointed solely on the advice of the Cabinet of The Gambia without the involvement of the British government. In the event of a vacancy the Chief Justice served as Officer Administering the Government.

paragraphs: Under the 1970 Constitution, the first constitution of the Republic of The Gambia, the President replaced the Monarch as executive head of state. The President was elected by the National Assembly for a five-year term. In the event of a vacancy the Vice-President served as Acting President.

paragraphs: Colonel Yahya Jammeh led a coup d'état which overthrew President Jawara and his government, all political parties and Parliament were dissolved.

paragraphs: Under the current constitution of the Republic of The Gambia, the President is executive head of state. The President is elected by popular vote for a five-year term. In the event of a vacancy, the Vice-President will serve as Acting President.

paragraphs: There are three living former Gambian Heads of State:


title: Tshaneni

paragraphs: Tshaneni is a town in northern Eswatini (Swaziland), near the border post on the South African border.

paragraphs: There are large sugar plantations around Tshaneni, and it is near the Sand River reservoir. It has an airstrip.

paragraphs: Tshaneni is in the lowveld of Eswatini. It is near game reserves, cattle ranches and sugar cane.


title: Locative adverb

paragraphs: A locative adverb is a type of adverb that refers to a location or to a combination of a location and a relation to that location.


title: Lists of office-holders

paragraphs: These are lists of incumbents (individuals holding offices or positions), including heads of states or of subnational entities.

paragraphs: A historical discipline, archontology, focuses on the study of past and current office holders.

paragraphs: Incumbents may also be found in the countries' articles (main article and "Politics of") and the list of national leaders, recent changes in 2007 in politics, and past leaders on State leaders by year and Colonial governors by year.

paragraphs: Various articles group lists by title, function or topic: e.g. abdication, assassinated persons, cabinet (government), chancellor, ex-monarchs (20th century), head of government, head of state, lieutenant governor, mayor, military commanders, minister (and ministers by portfolio below), order of precedence, peerage, president, prime minister, Reichstag participants (1792), Secretary of State.


title: Gem Archer

paragraphs: Gem Archer, ‘Colin Murray Gem Archer’, is a British Musician known for his work with ‘Heavy Stereo, Oasis, Beady Eye, and most recently, Noel Gallagher’s High Flying Birds’.

paragraphs: Heavy Stereo were archers band from 1993-1999, the majority of there material can be found online at YouTube as it is not on streaming sites. CDs can be purchased online too.

paragraphs: In 1999, when Paul ‘Bonehead’ Arthurs (Oasis Rhythm Guitarist) and Paul ‘Guigsy’ McGuigan (Oasis Bass Player) departed the band, Gem archer, who was currently working with the creating record label under Alan McGee, came in as the replacement guitarist and Andy Bell of Hurricane #1 and Ride came in for bass guitar.

paragraphs: Archer played on with oasis right until the end on albums and tours including ‘Be Here Now, Heathen Chemistry, Don’t Believe The Truth’ and finally ‘Dig out your soul’. When the band split in 2009 after playing V-Fest Staffordshire, Liam Gallagher, Gem Archer, Andy Bell and Current Drummer Chris Sharrock, proceeded to start ‘Beady Eye’. Archers time with oasis allowed his to bring his talent to the band where he wrote songs including ‘A Bell Will Ring’ from ‘Don’t Believe the truth’ 2005.

paragraphs: Beady Eye recorded 2 studio albums with singles including ‘The Roller’ and Flick of the finger’

paragraphs: In 2013, Gem suffered a serious accident where he to fractured his skull by falling down the stairs at home. Beady Eye took a break and when Gem had recovered, the continued with there BE tour.

paragraphs: In 2014, Beady Eye was announced as ‘no longer’ on Liam’s twitter. In that time, Gem appeared to take a break and was fairly inactive in the music scene. Whilst Andy Bell had reformed his old band ‘Ride’, Liam had started his solo career, Gem and Chris seemed to fade away for the time being.

paragraphs: In 2018, Noel Gallagher made changes to his High Flying Birds line up. Gem Archer was introduced as the bands new guitarist, replacing ‘Tim Smith’ and Chris Sharrock was brought in and the new drummer taking over from ‘Jeremy Stacey’.

paragraphs: Archer has played on the latest High Flying birds tracks ‘Black Star Dancing’, ‘Rattling Rose’ and ‘Sail on’ on the new Noel Gallagher’s High Flying Birds EP.

paragraphs: Things look to stay the same for the time being with Noel’s High Flying Birds going on tour with this current line up.


title: Bya (unit)

paragraphs: In astronomy, geology, and paleontology, bya is an acronym for 'billion years ago'. This abbreviation is commonly used to show the length of time before the present or "B.P." (before AD 1950). Specifically, one bya is equal to 10 years ago.

paragraphs: Bya is traditionally written in lower case (small letters). It is often replaced in scientific literature by a term based on Latin: Ga (gigaannum).


title: Flash Thompson

paragraphs: Flash Thompson is a fictional character from Marvel Comics who first appeared in Marvel's Amazing Fantasy # 15. Flash Thompson, whose real name is Eugene, is a high school football player and a bully. Flash both insults and beats up Peter Parker making sure to humiliate him daily. Peter then gets bitten by a radioactive spider and gets its powers. Peter secretly uses his powers to fight criminals by becoming the superhero Spider-Man. Flash Thompson then becomes obsessed with Spider-Man and thinks he's great. In the Amazing Spider-Man #4 Peter Parker fights Flash Thompson and beats him. After that Flash only insults Peter. Flash goes back to beating Peter up when he and Peter both like the same girl. Flash makes sure that his friends are with him to stop Peter from fighting back. After leaving high school Flash and Peter Parker still hate each other but both get along with Harry Osborne who becomes Peter's best friend. Flash later leaves the country to fight in the Vietnam War. When Flash comes back from Vietnam, he is disturbed by everything that happened there. Flash starts to drink alcohol to forget what happened and all of Flash's friends leave him, because he fought in Vietnam, except for Peter Parker. Flash and Peter become good friends after that.

paragraphs: Flash Thompson is played by Joe Manganiello in the 2002 movie Spider-Man. In it, he bullies Peter Parker and dates Mary-Jane Watson, who is the only student at their high school aside from Harry Osborne who is actually nice to Peter. Peter gets bitten by a genetically engineered super-spider and gets its powers. Flash attacks Peter in front of a locker and Peter fights back and beats Flash. Uncle Ben tells Peter " that Flash kid probably deserved what was coming to him. But just because you could beat him up doesn't mean you should have. What I'm trying to say is " with great power, comes great responsibility."

paragraphs: Chris Zylka plays Flash Thompson in the 2012 movie The Amazing Spider-Man. In it Flash plays basketball instead of football. He starts off as a bully and is mean to Peter Parker. Flash is embarrassed when Peter beats him at basketball. Flash is sad when he hears from Peter that Uncle Ben died and is nice to Peter. At the end of the movie Flash wears a Spider-Man t-shirt.

paragraphs: In the movie , Flash Thompson is played by Tony Revolori. Unlike the other two Flash Thompsons, he never beats Peter Parker up. He verbally bullies Peter but never actually fights him.


title: Mary-Jane Watson

paragraphs: Mary-Jane Watson is a fictional character from Marvel Comics. She was created by Stan Lee and Steve Ditko. Mary-Jane Watson is a friend of Peter Parker and later becomes his girlfriend. Peter then decides to stop dating her since he is secretly the superhero Spider-Man and she'll be in danger if she's his girlfriend because of that. She later finds out that he is Spider-Man and they go back to dating. They eventually get married.

paragraphs: Mary-Jane Watson is played by Kirsten Dunst in the 2002 Spider-Man movie. She and Peter Parker's best friend Harry Osborn are the only two students at their high school who are nice to Peter Parker. Mary-Jane dates Flash Thompson and doesn't like it when he bullies Peter Parker. When Peter gets bitten by a genetically engineered super-spider and no longer needs his glasses, Mary-Jane compliments him. Flash Thompson then attacks Peter Parker in front of a locker and Peter beats him up. Mary-Jane then breaks up with Flash. She then starts dating Harry Osborne. Harry's father Norman insults her and tells him all she really cares about is his money. Harry defends her. Mary-Jane, who overheard what was said calls Norman Osborne "a creep". Harry defends his father and Mary-Jane breaks up with him. Mary-Jane falls in love with Spider-Man after he rescues her. Harry later sees her talking to Peter and realizes that they are in love. Harry's father finds out and as the supervillain the Green Goblin kidnaps her to get to Peter who he knows is Spider-Man. Spider-Man rescues her by killing the Green Goblin. Mary-Jane later tells Peter she is in love with him and Peter says he will always be her friend but can never be anything else to her. In Spider-Man 2, she accidentally unmasks Spider-Man after he rescues her from Dr. Octopus. They then start dating. In Spider-Man 3, Mary-Jane breaks up with Peter after he starts being mean to people. In the end, Peter goes back to being a good guy and he and Mary-Jane get back together.


title: Cedar Crest (mansion)

paragraphs: The Kansas Governor's Residence, also known as Cedar Crest, is the official residence of the governor of Kansas. It was built in 1928, and it was given to the state in 1955. It became the governor's house in 1962.

paragraphs: Kansas did not have an official governor's residence. This changed in 1901 when the state bought 801 Buchanan Street (a house built in 1887). The house was sold in 1963, and the building was destroyed in 1964. Parts of the building including bay windows, an oak staircase and balcony were used in the downtown Ramada Inn. That was built in another part of Topeka in 1964.

paragraphs: Cedar Crest is on top of a hill in western Topeka. The Kansas River can be seen. It was designed by the architectural firm of Wight and Wight in 1928. They built it for "Topeka State Journal" and "Emporia News" newspaper publisher Frank P. MacLennan. MacLennan died in 1933; when his widow died in 1955, she gave "Cedar Crest" to the state of Kansas. She said she would give it to the state only if it is used as a home for the governor of Kansas. The gift included of land near it to be used as a park (now known as MacLennan Park). Since 1962 it has been used as the governor's house.

paragraphs: It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

paragraphs: During the 1990s, the mansion had a $4.4 million improvement program.

paragraphs: The current residents are Kansas governor Laura Kelly and her husband.


title: Hindenburg Line

paragraphs: The Hindenburg Line or Siegfried Position was a system of forts built by the German Empire along the Western Front (World War I) during the winter of 1916-1917 to defend against France. After the war, the French built the similar but more elaborate Maginot Line to defend against Germany.


title: Mary Walsh (actress)

paragraphs: Mary Cynthia Walsh (born May 13, 1952) is a Canadian actress, comedian, and writer. She was born on May 13, 1952 in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. She is known for her role in This Hour Has 22 Minutes.


title: U.S. Route 59

paragraphs: U.S. Route 59 (US 59) is a north–south interstate highway in the United States. It goes parallel to U.S. Route 75 for almost its entire road, and it is never much more than away for most of it.

paragraphs: The highway's northern terminus is north of Lancaster, Minnesota, at the Canada–US border. From there, it continues as Manitoba Highway 59. Its southern terminus is at the Mexico–US border in Laredo, Texas. From there, it continues as Mexican Federal Highway 85D.


title: Winterlude

paragraphs: Winterlude is a winter festival held in Ottawa, Canada since 1979.


title: Superhero movie

paragraphs: Superhero movies are movies about superheroes. Superhero movies are generally, but not always, based on comic books. There were a lot of superhero movies made during World War II.

paragraphs: "Adventures of Captain Marvel" was a 1941 black and white movie based on the superhero Captain Marvel from DC Comics.

paragraphs: In 1944, there was a serial called "Captain America" about a superhero called Captain America from Marvel Comics. Shorty after, there was the movie "Batman" based on the DC Comics character of Bruce Wayne.

paragraphs: In 1952, there was a movie based on the DC Comics character of Superman.

paragraphs: In 1957, there was a television series called "The Adventures of Superman" based on DC Comics.

paragraphs: In 1966, CBS aired a television series called "Batman" with Adam West and Burt Ward as Batman and Robin.

paragraphs: Also in 1966, Warner Brothers made a movie based on the Batman series. In the 1980s, a number of television studios filmed made for television movies about Marvel Comics superheroes including Thor and The Incredible Hulk.

paragraphs: The 1990s saw the introduction of superhero television shows based on DC Comics including "The Flash" television series. The 1990s were also when they started to make movies about Blade, a superhero from Marvel Comics.

paragraphs: In 1978, Warner Brothers made the movie "Superman" and over the years filmed several sequels to it.

paragraphs: In 1989, they made the movie "Batman" starring Michael Keaton as Bruce Wayne and Jack Nicholson as the Joker. Tim Burton and Joel Shulmacher filmed three sequels to it.

paragraphs: In 2000, 20th Century Fox filmed the movie "X-Men", based on Marvel Comics, and made a series of it.

paragraphs: In 2002, Sony Pictures made the movie "Spider-Man" based on the character of Peter Parker and starring Tobey Maguire with Willem Dafoe as the Green Goblin.

paragraphs: Sony also filmed "Spider-Man 2" in 2004 and "Spider-Man 3" in 2007.

paragraphs: Pixar filmed the animated movie "The Incredibles" in 2004 as a parody of superhero movies.

paragraphs: In 2008, Heath Ledger earned the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor when he played the Joker in the movie "The Dark Knight". He became the first actor ever to win an Oscar for a superhero movie. More recently, the movie "Black Panther" was nominated for an Oscar but did not win.


title: Dragon Tales

paragraphs: Dragon Tales was a Canadian–American animated series produced by The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, Sesame Workshop, Sony Pictures Television and Decode Entertainment.


title: Edo Castle

paragraphs: Edo Castle is a castle built on a flatland in 1457. It was built by Ōta Dōkan and is part of the Tokyo Imperial Palace in Chiyoda, Tokyo. It was restored by Tokugawa leyasu. It was destroyed by a fire many times.


title: Rishabh Pant

paragraphs: Rishabh Rajendra Pant (born 4 October 1997) is a professional Indian cricketer who plays for India, Delhi, and the Delhi Capitals in the Indian Premier League. In December 2015, he was named in India's squad for the 2016 Under-19 Cricket World Cup. On 1 February 2016, during the tournament, he hit an 18-ball fifty, the fastest at this level. He made his Twenty20 International (T20I) debut for India in January 2017, his Test debut in August 2018, and his One Day International (ODI) debut in October 2018. In January 2019, Pant was named the ICC Emerging Player of the Year at the 2018 ICC Award.

paragraphs: He was a student of Tarak Sinha sir in Indian Public School, while taught by Bharti Pandey.


title: WNET

paragraphs: WNET, channel 13 (branded as "THIRTEEN"), is a non-commercial educational, public television station in Newark, New Jersey. WNET is owned by WNET.org. That used to be called the Educational Broadcasting Corporation) The station also has studios in Manhattan and its transmitter is at One World Trade Center.

paragraphs: WNET has produced, created, or presented many PBS shows. These are some:


title: Merriam, Kansas

paragraphs: Merriam is a city in Johnson County, Kansas, United States. It is part of the Kansas City Metropolitan Area. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 11,003.


title: Hermosa Beach, California

paragraphs: Hermosa Beach is a beachfront city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Its population was 19,506 at the 2010 U.S. Census.


title: Duane Chapman

paragraphs: Duane Lee Chapman, Sr. (born February 2, 1953), better known as Dog Chapman or simply Dog, is an American reality TV star, bounty hunter, and a former bail bondsman.

paragraphs: Chapman became known as a bounty hunter for his successful capture of American rapist and Max Factor heir, Andrew Luster, in Mexico in 2003. He was later given his own series, "Dog the Bounty Hunter" (2004 – 2012), on A&E.

paragraphs: After "Dog the Bounty Hunter" ended, Chapman appeared alongside his late wife and business partner, Beth Chapman, in "" (2013 – 2015), on CMT.

paragraphs: Chapman married Alice Elizabeth "Beth" Barmore in 2006. The couple had two children. The Chapmans appeared on many television series together. In 2017, his wife Beth, was diagnosed with throat and lung cancer. She died on June 26, 2019 from the disease at the age of 51.


title: Édith Scob

paragraphs: Édith Scob (21 October 1937 – 26 June 2019) was a French actress. She was born in Paris. Scob was best known for her role as Christiane Génessier, the daughter with a disfigured face, in "Eyes Without a Face" (1960).

paragraphs: Scob died on 26 June 2019 in Paris at the age of 81.


title: Rolf Maurer

paragraphs: Rolf Maurer (16 April 1938 – 6 June 2019) was a Swiss road racing cyclist. He was born in Hedingen, Zürich. He started his professional career in 1960. In 1964, he won both the Tour de Suisse and Tour de Romandie. He retired in 1969.

paragraphs: Maurer died on 6 June 2019 in Hedingen, at the age of 81.


title: President of Iceland

paragraphs: The President of Iceland () is the head of state of Iceland. The incumbent is Guðni Thorlacius Jóhannesson, who is now in his first term as president.

paragraphs: The president is elected to a four-year term by popular vote, is not term-limited, and has limited powers. The presidential residence is in Bessastaðir in Garðabær, near the capital city Reykjavík.

paragraphs: There have been six Presidents of Iceland since the establishment of the republic.

paragraphs: Term: "appointed" · "died in office" · "uncontested"