title: Yui (singer)

paragraphs: YUI, is a Japanese musician. She was born 26 March 1987 in Fukuoka, Japan. She is signed to Sony Music Records Japan. She sings, and plays the guitar, keyboard and electric guitar, although she usually performs with only an acoustic guitar. She started in a Japanese movie released on 17 June 2006 titled 'Taiyō no Uta' (A Song to the Sun). She is popular with young girls,but she decided to stop her music activity as YUI in 2012. It means she carry on her music work but not YUI.

paragraphs: She dropped out high school because she want to live with music.Then she started taking music lesson at ongakujyuku.It is famous music private night-school.She practiced playing the guitar and making songs. She participated in music contest and got first prize.By that winning, she can get right to major debut.

paragraphs: She made a debut with "feel my soul". This is her first major song. Afterthat she made many hit songs.Especially,her fifth single goodbye days was hit.And she appeared in "taiyou no uta" that is the movie her song was used.


title: Zard

paragraphs: Zard was a J-pop music group. Zard's member was Izumi Sakai. Her true name is Sachiko Kamachi. She was a vocalist. Zard's other member changed many times. Zard's music did not often appear on television. The group had many famous songs, for example "Makenaide". Izumi Sakai was born in Fukuoka on February 6, 1967. She fought illness in Keiougijyuku University hospital. She had cervical cancer. Izumi Sakai died on May 27, 2007. When she died, she was 40 years old.


title: Wyolica

paragraphs: Wyolica is a two person band from Japan. The members are Azumi (vocals) and So-to (guitar). The group is not well known outside of Japan. Their sound is very similar of many American pop acts but sung in Japanese.

paragraphs: Their first album, "Who Said La La?" was released in 2000. Since then they have released a number of albums and singles, including a six-song EP of acoustic songs.


title: Crystal Kay

paragraphs: Crystal Kay Williams (born 26 February 1986 in Yokohama, Japan) is a J-Pop singer. She is also known as "Kuri" by her fans. She is well known for her songs "Koi ni Ochitara" and "Boyfriend -part II-". She has released ten Japanese studio albums. In 2003 she released an English album called "Natural: World Premiere Album". She started singing on television commercials when she was four years old. When she was twelve she was signed to Epic Records. Kay's first album "C.L.L Crystal Lover Light" was released on March 23, 2000 when Kay was fourteen.


title: Speed (band)

paragraphs: SPEED is a Japanese music group. The group is made up of four female singers. They are from Okinawa, Japan. The members are Hiroko Shimabukuro, Eriko Imai, Takako Uehara and Hitoe Arakaki. Hiroko and Eriko are lead vocal singers.

paragraphs: When they debuted, Hiroko was 12 years old. They made their debut single “Body & Soul” in 1996. They have many songs which sold million records.

paragraphs: They broke up in March 31, 2000. From 2000 to 2008, they have broken up and came back together several times. They made their latest come back in 2008.


title: Glay

paragraphs: Glay is a Japanese rock band. There are 4 men in the band. The member's names are Takuro (guitar & piano), Teru (vocals), Hisashi (guitar), and Jiro (bass). They are one of the most popular rock bands in Japan. They are from Hakodate in Hokkaido. "HOWEVER" is their most famous song. This song made them famous. Many of their CDs and albums have sold millions of copies .

paragraphs: Since 2007, Teru has been in ads shown on television and in theaters to raise awareness about HIV/AIDS.


title: Aiko (singer)

paragraphs: Aiko (born November 22, 1975) is a Japanese singer and guitar player. She has a high popularity among young people. Her most famous song is "Kabutomushi". Aiko has won several Japan Gold Disc Awards.

paragraphs: Aiko debuted in 1998. She sings songs about love and girls' feelings. Her famous songs are "Hanabi", "Boyfriend", "Kabutomushi", "Kirakira", and so on. "milk/Nageki no Kisu", her "mukaiawase"　double A-side single, was her first single to hit #1 on Oricon since her debut..She do many concerts at everywhere in Japan.


title: Ringo Shiina

paragraphs: Ringo Shiina (born November 25, 1978) is a Japanese singer and guitarist. She is a member of Tokyo Jihen. Shiina is from Fukuoka.

paragraphs: She was the creative supervisor and music director of the Flag Handover Ceremony at the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Olympics / Paralympics.

paragraphs: She stayed in the UK from January to March 1997.

paragraphs: Released the fourth single Honno(instinct). This single has become a million seller

paragraphs: Participated in the 69th NHK Red vs. White Song Battle


title: GO!GO!7188

paragraphs: GO!GO!7188 was a band from Japan with three members. One plays guitar, one plays drums, and one plays bass. The main vocalist is a woman. One of their famous songs is "Koinouta".

paragraphs: GO!GO!7188 formed in 1998 by YUU (singer/guitarist) and AKKO (singer/bassist); high school classmates in Kagoshima prefecture. In 1999, they headed to Tokyo where they meet drummer TURKEY.

paragraphs: Ever since they have released 9 full-length albums, 12 singles and 3 DVDs.

paragraphs: When they made their debut in the Japanese music scene, they were quoted to be one of the leading girl's punk band which mixes rock'n roll music with Japanese pop.

paragraphs: They have raised their evaluation as one of most important Japanese rock bands, making performances in live houses events to Nippon Budokan hall, with songs rich and full of originality and high performance ability.


title: Porno Graffitti

paragraphs: Porno Graffitti is a Japanese J-Pop band. The members of the band are Akihito Okano (vocals) and Haruichi Shindo (guitar). The band is from Innoshima in Hiroshima. The band first started playing in 1999 with three members. The third member, Tama, left the band in 2004. The band has become one of the duos leading the music in Japan.


title: Yuki Isoya

paragraphs: Yuki Isoya is a Japanese singer. Isoya debuted as a singer of the group Judy and Mary in 1993. Judy and Mary broke up in 1999. She began her solo singing career in February, 2002. Isoya has released four albums.


title: Mr. Children

paragraphs: Mr. Children, usually called , is a Japanese rock band made in 1988. They belong to Oorong-sha (). Their record company is Toy's Factory.

paragraphs: They are one of the most successful Japanese bands, selling over 50 million records.

paragraphs: The official fan club of Mr. Children is called Father & Mother. The fan club was started in 1994. The fan club can only be joined by mail and requires an admission fee of 3.500 yen, with yearly re-applications for membership. And there are concert ticket only for the members.

paragraphs: As of 2007, Mr. Children has published twelve original studio albums and 30 singles, three compilation albums, a live album, and ten home video releases.


title: 3B LAB.*

paragraphs: 3B LAB.* is a Japanese punk band. They are all men. The vocalist also sang in the folk-rock band 19. Their most popular song is "Ichigo Ichi". They're now called 3B Lab.☆S. Tamakoshi Masahiro left this group in 2009.


title: Ellegarden

paragraphs: Ellegarden is a Japanese band formed in 1998 by four young men.Their activity pauses now.


title: Def Tech

paragraphs: Def Tech is a Japanese group. The band has three members: Shen, Micro and Playa T. They have sold more than 2.8 million copies of their albums "Def Tech" and "Lokahi Lani". The band took a break in September 2007 and have since reunited as of June 2010.


title: Ai Otsuka

paragraphs: Ai Otsuka (born September 9, 1982) is a Japanese pop female singer-songwriter and pianist from Osaka, Osaka Prefecture, Japan. Her music is famous because it varies a lot in style but is mainly happy pop. Her first single was called Momo No Hanbira, but it was not until her second single, which was called Sakuranbo, that people really noticed her music.


title: Remioromen

paragraphs: Remioromen are a three-man band from Japan that started in 2000.


title: Ayaka

paragraphs: Ayaka Iida (born December 18, 1987 in Moriguchi, Osaka Prefecture, Japan) is a Japanese female singer signed and songwriter.

paragraphs: Ayaka is married to Hiro Mizushima. Her favorite singer is the Beatles, DREAMS COME TRUE, Mr.Children and so on. She started musical activities when she was 1st high school student.She released "I believe" and she made her debut in 2006. She sufferd from Basedow's disease and she stopped musical activity in 2009 in order to concentrate on getting well. But she started activities again in 2011 and announced that she made her own record company.


title: Kyu Sakamoto

paragraphs: Kyu Sakamoto "坂本九" (real name "Hisasi Osima") was a singer and actor, born on December 10, 1941 in Kanagawa, Japan.

paragraphs: Sakamoto's song "Sukiyaki" became the first Japanese song in the United States to sell a million copies and reached No.1 on a popular chart on June 15, 1963. Its original (Japanese) title is "上を向いて歩こう" which means "I look up as I walk". He died on August 12, 1985 by an airplane accident during a flight on Japan Airlines Flight 123) aboard from Kanagawa in Japan.


title: Orange Range

paragraphs: On March, 2001, the present members were composed of the classmates from the preschool and YOH’s younger brother, RYO. When they were indies, they did lots of their concerts on the street, and the audience was surely increased. On July 4, 2003, they debuted and became major by their 1st single, “Kirikirimai”. Their 2nd single, “Shanghai Honey” was appreciated by the mass media and became a hit. On February 25,2004, they released their 5th single, “Michishirube～a road home～” came in 1st place in the Japanese single charts for the first time in themselves, and since then, their singe continued to come in 1st place to their 13th single, “Champione”.

paragraphs: Also, a member of other bands, including "Soy-sauce" and "Pechuniarokkusu". He writes more than half of all Orange Range songs.

paragraphs: Before joining the group Orange Range, he was a member of another band, "Ruse". He and Yoh are brothers.

paragraphs: He has not cut his hair since releasing the song "Hana".

paragraphs: He usually plays bass, but uses a guitar when he makes songs.

paragraphs: It is said that he has a screwdriver when he records music because it makes him relaxed, but sometimes its sound is also recorded and they have to record again.


title: Bump of Chicken

paragraphs: Bump of Chicken is a Japanese rock music group. The members are four men. All members in this group were born in 1979. The vocalist of the group is Fujiwara Motoo. The bassist of the group is Naoi Yoshifumi. The guitarist of the group is Masukawa Hiroaki. The drummer of the group is Masu Hideo. They have been friends since they started school at a young age. The voice of Fujiwara Motoo and the words of their music, which he writes, are popular. They released the debut album “FLAME VEIN” in 1999.


title: Zeebra

paragraphs: Zeebra ( "", born April 2, 1971 in Tokyo, Japan) is a famous Japanese hip hop artist, who is known as the first rapper in Japan. He was born and raised in Tokyo. He made his first appearance in 1995. Zeebra was a member of the hip-hop group King Giddra, which also included DJ Oasis and K Dub Shine. He became a solo artist in 1997. Because he has been in many TV commercials, started hip-hop television programs, and produced songs for upcoming rappers, Zeebra could be called the father of the Japanese rap scene.


title: Dreams Come True

paragraphs: Dreams Come True is a Japanese J-Pop music group.

paragraphs: The group is made up of a woman and a man. The vocalist is Miwa Yoshida and the bassist is Masato Namamura. They made their debut in 1988. The group tends to use humorous and ambiguous language in their songs.


title: Every Little Thing (band)

paragraphs: Every Little Thing is a Japanese rock band. The group is made up of a woman and a man. The woman, Kaori Mochida, is a singer from Tokyo, and the man, Ichiro Ito, is a guitarist from Kanagawa Prefecture. This group made their debut in 1996. And next year they took part in Kohaku (New Year's) Song battle for the first time. When they started the band, there were three members. But Mitsuru Igarashi left the band in 2000, and he started to focus on his production. He made all of Every Little Thing's songs and wrote their lyrics. So since he left, Every little thing sound changed a little. Now they released 35 single CDs, 8 original albums, 2 best albums and 3 ballad best albums. They took part in "Kouhakuutagassen" eight times. They are often called "ELT".

paragraphs: Ito began playing guitar in local bands around the US Yokota Air Base in Fussa, Tokyo, performing cover versions of songs by rock acts like Van Halen to local sailors. He initially intended to play drums.

paragraphs: Mochida made her debut as a baby in an advertisement for diapers as her mom hoped she would enter the entertainment business. In 1991, at the age of 13, she joined the eight-member girl group The Kuro Buta All-Stars. Though not successful, the experience convinced her to record a two track demo, featuring the two songs, "Mouichido" (The Kuro Buta All-Stars) and a cover song from 1970s/80s singer-songwriter Mariya Takeuchi.

paragraphs: She sent the demo to Avex Trax, where Mitsuru Igarashi was a producer looking for a girl for a new duo with him as the keyboardist. Impressed by her strong yet sweet voice, Igarashi asked her to join as a duo, and then asked his guitarist friend Ichiro Ito, then working as a studio receptionist, to help on the first single "Feel My Heart", created by Igarashi. Ito, over ten years Mochida's senior, has said that when first meeting the young Mochida wearing gyaru style thick platform boots, he didn't even know how to strike up conversation.


title: KAT-TUN

paragraphs: The group is made up of six young Japanese men. Their debut was announced January 29, 2006. The debut was accompanied by a concert tour of Japan. They released a single ("Real Face"), an album ("Best of KAT-TUN"), and a DVD ("Real Face Film") on the same day, March 22, 2006.

paragraphs: KAT-TUN not only sings and dances. KAT-TUN also acts.


title: BoA

paragraphs: Kwon Bo-ah (born 5 November 1986 in Guri, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea) is a South Korean singer. She is commonly known by her stage name BoA. She has been active in both South Korea and Japan. Aside from Korean, BoA also speaks Japanese and English and has released songs in those languages. She also released some Chinese songs, but she does not know Chinese. BoA succeeded not only in Korea, but in all of East Asia as well.

paragraphs: BoA was born and raised in Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. She was discovered by SM Entertainment talent agents when she accompanied her older brother to a talent search. In 2000, after two years of training, she released ID; Peace B, her debut Korean album. Two years later, she released her debut Japanese album, Listen to My Heart.

paragraphs: On October 14, 2008, BoA debuted in the United States with the single "Eat You Up" and released her debut English-language album, BoA on March 17, 2009 .


title: Namie Amuro

paragraphs: Namie Amuro () is a Japanese singer, born September 20, 1977 in Naha, Okinawa. She was the top J-Pop star of the 1990s, with a long string of number-one hits.

paragraphs: When she had a baby in the late 1990s her popularity went down, but her albums became popular again when she released "Queen of Hip-Hop". Her next album "Play" became #1. Her 2008 hit single, 60s 70s 80s, sold about 293,000 copies and came #1. That was her first #1 single since 1999.

paragraphs: In July 2008, Namie released her third greatest hits album BEST FICTION, which sold over 1.500,000 copies. It was the year's the most selling female album in Japan and second most selling album of 2008 in Japan.


title: Saturn (mythology)

paragraphs: Saturn (Latin: "Sāturnus") was a Roman god of agriculture and harvest. He was the father of Ceres, Jupiter, Veritas and others. He was associated with wealth, liberation, and time. He was identified with the Greek titan Kronos, whose reign (often referred to as the Golden Age) was regarded as a time of abundance and peace.

paragraphs: The Temple of Saturn situated within the Roman Forum housed the state treasury. In December, the festival of Saturnalia, perhaps the most famous of all the Roman festivals, was held in his honor — it largely consisted of a public banquet, role reversals, private gift-giving and revelry. The planet Saturn is named after him and the modern English weekday Saturday (Latin "diēs Sāturni" - "Day of Saturn") bears his name.


title: Comanche

paragraphs: Comanche peoples are Native Americans who lived in an area called the "Comancheria". This is where Eastern New Mexico, Southern Colorado, Southern Kansas, all of Oklahoma and most of Northern and Southern Texas are today. There once were as many as 20,000 Comanches. Today the Comanche Nation has 10,000 members, most in Oklahoma (centered at Lawton) and the rest in Texas, California, and New Mexico. The Comanche speak a language of their own, the Comanche language that is related to other Native American ones, called "Uto-Aztecan language family".

paragraphs: The name Comanche was given by the Mexicans and it was the word the Comanche used to call them, "komantsia" (enemy, foreigner). But the Comanches' call themselves "Numunuu", meaning "human being" or "the People". They were very good warriors and fought the white settlers and army for many years until they gave up in 1875.

paragraphs: The woman in the family made the teepees. They gathered wild potatoes, fruits, nuts and berries. The woman in the family cooked, cleaned and made their clothing. The clothing was made out either bear, deer, bison, buffalo, wolves or coyotes.


title: Cuvette

paragraphs: A cuvette is a kind of laboratory glassware, usually a small tube of circular or square cross shape, closed at one end and open at the other, made of plastic, glass, or optical grade quartz and made to hold samples for spectroscopic experiments. The best cuvettes are as clear as possible, without impurities that might affect a spectroscopic reading. Like a test tube, a cuvette may be open to the air on top or have a glass or other material to close it.


title: John Abbot

paragraphs: John Abbot (1587/1588 – c. 1650) was an English Roman Catholic priest and poet. Nobody knows where he was born, he might have been from either London or Leicester. Abbot was from a strongly Protestant family because he was the nephew of George Abbot, the Archbishop of Canterbury, but after being educated at Balliol College, Oxford, he travelled to the European continent where he was converted to Roman Catholicism. On returning to England he was in Jesuit orders for a while, before working as a priest. In 1635 he was put in jail. He was released within a year, but in 1637 he was again arrested, and spent the rest of his life in prison.

paragraphs: His best known work is his poem "Devout Rhapsodies" (2 vols., 1647), about the war between Good and Evil and the temptation and fall of man.


title: Lemuel Abbott

paragraphs: Lemuel Abbott (c. 1730 – April, 1776) was an English priest and poet. Little is known of his background, but he worked as a priest in Ansty, Leicestershire and Thornton. He is known mostly for his collection of poems called "Poems on Various Subjects, whereto is Prefixed a Short Essay on the Structure of English Verse", published in 1765. Abbott and his wife Mary were probably the parents of the artist Lemuel Francis Abbott.


title: Thomas Eastoe Abbott

paragraphs: Thomas Eastoe Abbott (1786/1787|7 – 18 February 1854) was an English poet. He was born in East Dereham, Norfolk. He lived in Darlington, where he worked at the Royal Free Grammar School. He wrote many books like "Peace, a Lyric Poem" (1814); "Resignation" (1817); "The Triumph of Christianity" (1819); and "The Soldier's Friend" (1828). Abbott died in Darlington, County Durham in 1854.


title: Division of labour

paragraphs: In ancient history, a division of labour (or specialisation) was when some people in a city stopped growing crops and took other jobs. This usually happened because of a surplus of food. This means that there was more than enough food for everyone, so some people did not have to grow crops anymore.

paragraphs: Xenophon was a philosopher of the 4th century BC. In his book Cryopedia ("The Education of Cyrus") he writes about the division of labour:

paragraphs: "Just as the various trades are most highly developed in large cities, in the same way food at the palace is prepared in a far superior manner. In small towns the same man makes couches, doors, ploughs and tables, and often he even builds houses, and still he is thankful if only he can find enough work to support himself. And it is impossible for a man of many trades to do all of them well. In large cities, however, because many make demands on each trade, one alone is enough to support a man, and often less than one: for instance one man makes shoes for men, another for women, there are places even where one man earns a living just by mending shoes, another by cutting them out, another just by sewing the uppers together, while there is another who performs none of these operations but assembles the parts, Of necessity, he who pursues a very specialised task will do it best."


title: Euphrates

paragraphs: The Euphrates is the western of the two rivers that define the borders of Mesopotamia. The other is the Tigris, which joins the Euphrates to form the Shatt-al-Arab and flow into the Persian Gulf. Several dams have been built since the 1970s. As a result, less water flows down the river into the sea.


title: JC Chasez

paragraphs: JC Chasez (born Joshua Scott Chasez on August 8, 1976 in Washington, D.C.), is an American singer, songwriter, actor, and producer. He is best known as one of the lead singers in the boy band NSYNC. On February 24 2004 Chasez's solo album "Schizophrenic" was released. Three singles were released from the album. Chasez made a girl group called Girl Radical with Jimmy Harry.


title: Surplus

paragraphs: Surplus is when there is more of something than is needed. Therefore:


title: Herl

paragraphs: Herl is a municipality and a part of the Ruwer (municipality) in the Trier-Saarburg district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. As of 31 December 2018, 253 people lived there.


title: Ricky Martin

paragraphs: Enrico Jose Martinez del Morales (born on February 10, 1973), also most commonly or better known by his stage name as Ricky Martin, is a Grammy Award and Latin Grammy Award-winning Puerto Rican-American pop singer, dancer, musician, recording artist and actor. He has since then rose up to fame and super stardom with such an excellent and a prestigious track record, first as an elite member of the Latin boy band Menudo, and then as a prominent solo musical pop artist ever since then from 1991-present, and throughout over his entire singing career, he has annually recorded, released and sold out over 55 million singing albums and groundbreaking records all over around the world, while charting up with nearly and about up to 21 top 10 greatest hits as of on the US Latin Charts, and with over and about 8 breaking records of which have overly reached up with number one and a total of over 30 hit released singles.

paragraphs: Ricky Martin is an international pop icon and is also considered and widely regarded as being hunky and toned and is overly admired by many stunning and gorgeous-looking women and various fans from all over around the world. He is also thus officially tagged and is widely regarded in around the glode as the King of Latin Pop.


title: Fiefdom

paragraphs: In feudalism, a fiefdom (also called a fief, feud, feoff, or fee) was a property or right that an overlord gave a vassal in exchange for military service. This property, of whatever size, could be inherited by the man's heirs. However, not only land but anything of value could be held in fee, including a political office, hunting or fishing rights or monopolies in trade. A fief included the right of possession of something but with conditions.


title: Nicky Hilton

paragraphs: Nicholai "Nicky" Olivia Hilton (born October 5, 1983, in New York City, New York) is an American fashion model, socialite, and fashion designer. Hilton is also an heiress to a part of the Hilton Hotels chain, as well as to about 5–15% of her father's real estate fortune and investments. She shares her nickname with her grandfather's brother, Conrad "Nicky" Hilton, who died 14 years before she was born. She is the sister of celebrity Paris Hilton.


title: Disappearance of Madeleine McCann

paragraphs: Madeleine McCann (born 12 May 2003) was reported missing on the evening of Thursday, 3 May 2007 from a holiday apartment in Praia da Luz in the Algarve, Portugal. One newspaper said it was "the most heavily reported missing-person case in modern history". It is still not known where she is or what happened to her.

paragraphs: Madeleine was on holiday with her parents, her two-year-old twin brother and sister, and family friends. She and the twins had been left asleep at 20:30 in a ground floor apartment, while the McCanns and friends had dinner in a restaurant away. The parents checked on the children every so often, until it was discovered Madeleine was missing at 22:00. Over the next few weeks, the Portuguese police started to believe that Madeleine had died in an accident in the apartment and the parents had covered it up.

paragraphs: There was a lot of news coverage around the world about the case. Rumours that Madeleine has been taken to countries such as Morocco and Malta have all turned out to be untrue.

paragraphs: Madeleine's parents have started a website in their daughter's name where people can keep up to date on events and write to the family. They have also started "Madeleine's Fund" to which people can give money.

paragraphs: Robert Murat was the first official suspect. On 8 September 2007, Madeleine's mother, Kate McCann, and her father, Gerry McCann, were declared official suspects as well, after the finding of blood and fluids in their apartment. Murat stopped being an official suspect in July 2008, Kate and Gerry in August 2008.

paragraphs: The case remains unsolved. However, in June 2010 a possible suspect who is yet to be named is being held in custody for question by German authorities.


title: Linda Thelenius

paragraphs: Linda Thelenius (born Linda Maria Elisabeth Gedin later "Linda Rosing" 21 January 1974 in Västerås, Sweden) is a model and was a participant in the 2003 edition of "Big Brother" in Sweden. In the Big Brother house, she and another participant, Micke, became involved in a relationship which was followed closely by the producers. During the show, she had sex on live TV, making her an instant tabloid celebrity.

paragraphs: Thelenius released her debut single, "Summer Love", in 2004. In 2006, she released her autobiography, "Den nakna sanningen" ("The naked truth"), written together with journalist and television host Daniel Nyhlén.

paragraphs: In the summer of 2006, Thelenius became the leader of a new political party, 'Unika Partiet', or 'The Unique Party'. This is a so-called non-registered party, meaning that there is no official record of the party. Thelenius was listed as the only candidate for the party, listed as an author on the party ballot. She received 222 votes out of more than 5.6 million votes cast in the election. Thelenius is also famous for her many plastic surgery operations. She has breast implants, has had a facelift, and uses botox injections.


title: Linda Bengtzing

paragraphs: Linda Bengtzing (born March 13, 1974 in Gullspang, Sweden) is a singer and television host. She has sung three times in the Swedish Melodifestivalen.


title: Melodifestivalen

paragraphs: Melodifestivalen, translated as the "Melody Festival", is an annual music competition organised by Sveriges Television (SVT) and Sveriges Radio (SR) to determine Sweden's representative song and performer at the Eurovision Song Contest.

paragraphs: It has been staged under various formats almost every year since Sweden first participated in the Eurovision Song Contest in 1958. The first year, no TV or radio broadcasted event was held, but in 1959., the first public competition was held. The competition is the most popular television programme in Sweden, a title it has held since 2000, at times eclipsing even Eurovision itself. In 2007, an estimated four million Swedes—almost 44% of the country's population—watched the final, while the semifinals averaged around 3.1 million viewers.

paragraphs: The winner is chosen by a number of regional juries and a national televote. Until 2001 the competition was normally limited to between eight and twelve songs (in 1981, only five songs), but since the introduction of semifinals in 2002 that number has risen to thirty-two.

paragraphs: The Melodifestival has produced five Eurovision-winning songs and fifteen placings in the top five for Sweden at the Contest. The event is often seen as being dominated by light orchestrated pop songs, known locally as Schlager. music—so much so that it is sometimes referred to as "Schlagerfestivalen" (the "Schlager Festival") or "Schlager-SM" ("Swedish schlager championship") by the Swedish media but other styles of music such as rap, reggae and glam rock have made an appearance since the competition's expansion.

paragraphs: The competition makes a significant impact on music charts in Sweden; twenty-three participants reached the domestic singles chart in 2006 and twenty-one in 2007. There would have been more people taking part, but Agnes Carlsson was disqualified because she discussed her song in an interview with the Aftonblad newspaper.


title: Katie Price

paragraphs: Katie Price (Katrina Amy Alexandra Alexis Infield Price, born 22 May 1978) is an English television personality and glamour model. She was born in Brighton, East Sussex, England, and was previously known as "Jordan".

paragraphs: She first became known as a topless female glamour model in a pictorial "Page 3" tabloid newspaper "The Sun". Later, her life in the public spotlight allowed her to develop a variety of different activities including television, books, fashion and music.

paragraphs: Her singles include "A Whole New World" with Peter Andre. It peaked at number 12. A solo "Free To Love Again" peaked at number 60.

paragraphs: She won the January to February 2015 series of Celebrity Big Brother (UK).

paragraphs: Price has had many plastic surgeries on her breasts and her face. In 2002, Price had a leiomyosarcoma (a type of cancer) removed from her finger. Although estimates of her net worth were approximately £40 million, on November 26th 2019 she was declared bankrupt, details can be seen on the UK insolvency register here.

paragraphs: She married Peter Andre in September 2005; they divorced in 2009. She married Alex Reid in February 2010; they divorced in 2011. In January 2013, she married Kieran Hayler. Price has a son, Harvey (born in May 2002), by footballer Dwight Yorke. He is blind, has ADHD and Prader-Willi syndrome and is autistic. She has a son Junior (born June 2005), and daughter, Princess (born June 2007), by Andre. She has a son, Jett (born August 2013), by Hayler. The couple separated in May 2014. Their daughter was born in August 2014.

paragraphs: She got engaged to Kris Boyson in July 2019.


title: Nikki Grahame

paragraphs: Nicola Rachele-Beth "Nikki" Grahame (born 28 April 1982, Watford, Hertfordshire) is a British television personality. She rose to fame in the UK when she was chosen to be a housemate on "Big Brother 7" in 2006. A former model and promotions girl, Grahame has become renowned for throwing temper tantrums — behaviour that divided viewer opinion during her time on Big Brother. It led to her being given her own reality television show called "Princess Nikki". She has been reported in the tabloids for fighting in the street.

paragraphs: Grahame won a National Television Award for most popular TV contender in 2006. As of 2007, Grahame writes a regular column in "OK!'s" "Hot Stars" magazine.

paragraphs: Grahame spent most of her adolescence in psychiatric hospitals. She has the eating disorder anorexia nervosa, a condition that left her comatose and near death at the age of 12. She has told about her experience in two autobiography books called "Dying To Be Thin - The True Story Of My Lifelong Battle Against Anorexia" released in 2009 and "Fragile - The True Story of My Lifelong Battle With Anorexia" released in 2012. In October 2011, Grahame said she had relapsed and was suffering from anorexia again. She had checked into her 11th institution and weighed just . In 2012 Grahame was put in hospital after she took an overdose of pills.

paragraphs: She returned to the Big Brother house in June 2015 as a special guest at Big Brother 16, spending a total of 16 days inside the house.

paragraphs: She is a HouseGuest in season 4 of "Big Brother Canada", having entered the house in March 2016.


title: Venus Williams

paragraphs: Venus Ebony Starr Williams (born July 17, 1980) is an American professional tennis player who is a former World No. 1 and is ranked World No. 37 in singles as of January 17, 2014. She is an Olympic gold medalist who has won 7 Grand Slam titles. She was ranked World No. 24 as of October 22, 2012 in singles.

paragraphs: Williams is the older sister of fellow former World No. 1 tennis player Serena Williams. The Williams sisters are noted for their power games. Venus holds the record for the fastest serve by a female player in a main draw match (128.8 mph).

paragraphs: Like her sister Serena Williams she is a Jehovah's Witness.


title: Serena Williams

paragraphs: Serena Jameka Williams (born September 26, 1981) is an American professional tennis player. She is the younger sister of another former world no. 1 professional female tennis player, Venus Williams.

paragraphs: The Williams sisters grew up in Los Angeles. She lives in Palm Beach Gardens, Florida, United States with her husband Alexis Ohanian and daughter. She is a Jehovah's Witness.


title: Miki Ando

paragraphs: Ando won the 2004-2005 Japanese National Championship; and she placed first again in 2011.

paragraphs: She won the World Championships in 2007 and 2011.

paragraphs: She was a member of the Japanese team at the 2006 Winter Olympics at Turin in Italy. She also competed at Vancouver in the 2010 Winter Olympics.


title: Kelly Ripa

paragraphs: Kelly Maria Ripa (born October 2, 1970) is an American actress, talk show host, and television producer. Ripa, who played Hayley Vaughan on the television soap opera "All My Children" from 1990–2002, is best known as co-host of the popular syndicated morning talk show "Live! with Kelly and Ryan". She is also known for her role as Faith Fairfield on "Hope & Faith". Additionally, Ripa and her husband Mark Consuelos own a New York based production company, Milojo.

paragraphs: In 2012, "The Hollywood Reporter" named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media.

paragraphs: Ripa was born in Stratford, New Jersey. She is the daughter of Esther, a homemaker, and Joseph Ripa, a labor-union president and bus driver. She has a younger sister, Linda, who is a children's book author. She is of Italian and Irish ancestry. Her father has been the Democratic County Clerk for Camden County, New Jersey since June 2009. She is the first in her family to enter the acting profession. She has studied ballet since age three, plays the piano, and, in her words, is "no Barbra Streisand," but can carry a tune.

paragraphs: Ripa graduated from Eastern High School in Voorhees Township, New Jersey, where she became a cheerleader and was later encouraged by her drama teacher to pursue acting. "I owe so much of my career to Jim Beckley," she said. "He thought I was a natural performer and so he gave me the lead in the next show." She starred in local theatre productions and was discovered while performing in the comedy play "The Ugly Duckling" (c. 1941), by A.A. Milne, during her senior year. She attended Camden County College studying psychology, but dropped out and moved to New York City to be an actress.


title: Faith Ford

paragraphs: Faith Alexis Ford (born September 14, 1964, in Alexandria, Louisiana) is an American television and movie actress. She is best known for her role as Corky Sherwood on "Murphy Brown" and as Hope in the television series, "Hope & Faith".


title: Hope & Faith

paragraphs: Hope & Faith was an American television series. It was a sitcom that aired for three seasons on ABC from 2003 to 2006. For its first two seasons the series was part of a revived TGIF comedy block.

paragraphs: The series starred Faith Ford as Hope and Kelly Ripa as Faith. Ford plays a homemaker with a husband (played by Ted McGinley) and three children. Ripa plays her sister, a soap opera star whose character is killed off, leading her to move in with her sister's family. The series is based in part on the life of its creator, Joanna Johnson, a former cast member of "The Bold and the Beautiful". The series featured guest stars such as Tony Curtis, Dean Cain, Robert Wagner, Regis Philbin (Ripa's co-host on "Live with Regis and Kelly"), Kathie Lee Gifford, and Mark Consuelos (Ripa's husband).

paragraphs: The series was primarily filmed at New York City's Silvercup East, a sister studio to Silvercup Studios, to accommodate Ripa's schedule with "Live with Regis and Kelly".

paragraphs: All 73 episodes were picked up by the American television network , as the total number of produced episodes was short of what was required for American television syndication.


title: Live! with Kelly

paragraphs: Live! with Kelly and Ryan is a syndicated American television talk show, hosted by Kelly Ripa and Ryan Seacrest.

paragraphs: The show began in 1983 as a local New York City program called "The Morning Show", hosted by Regis Philbin and Cyndy Garvey (then the wife of Major League Baseball player Steve Garvey). A year later, Garvey left the show and was replaced by Ann Abernathy. In 1985, after Abernathy married and moved to Los Angeles, Kathie Lee Gifford became Philbin's co-host. The show went into national syndication in 1988 as Live! with Regis and Kathie Lee. Gifford left the show in 2000; the show continued as "Live! with Regis" while Philbin and the show's producers teamed him with several potential co-hosts.

paragraphs: In 2001, Ripa was named as Philbin's co-host, with the show then being renamed Live! with Regis and Kelly. Philbin and Ripa remained a team until 2011; in January of that year, he announced he was leaving the show, with his last show airing on November 18. The show then became Live! with Kelly, with Ripa appearing with a wide array of guest co-hosts. Former New York Giants star defensive lineman Strahan became the new full-time co-host effective with the 2012–13 season premiere. At that point the show became Live! with Kelly and Michael.

paragraphs: "Live!'s" mixture of A-list guests and the interaction between co-hosts have made it one of daytime's most popular and venerable talk shows.

paragraphs: In 2016, Strahan announced he was leaving the show to join Good Morning America. Seacrest began hosting in 2017.


title: Sven-Göran Eriksson

paragraphs: Sven-Göran Eriksson (born 5 February 1948) is a Swedish football manager. He was recently the football manager of Manchester City after agreeing a 3-year-deal with the club. He is set to earn £2 million per year plus bonuses. He was sacked by Manchester City. Eriksson stepped down from his most recent position as the English national team manager following England's exit from the 2006 World Cup; there was, however, considerable speculation that he was forced out by the English football authorities due to his tenure being punctuated by well-documented tabloid reports of his private life. Erikkson currently manages the Côte d'Ivoire national team.


title: Jade Goody

paragraphs: Jade Goody (5 June 1981 – 22 March 2009) was a British television personality. She became famous when she was in the third series of the reality television show Big Brother in 2002. She had been a dental nurse before she went into the Big Brother house. Goody starred in fitness DVDs, got somebody to write a book about her, had her own beauty salon and line of perfume. Goody was a housemate once again in Celebrity Big Brother 2007. People said that she was racist towards her Indian housemate Shilpa Shetty. She had two sons by Jeff Brazier. She married Jack Tweed on 22 February 2009 and died from metastatic cervical cancer a month later (on the 22 of March). She was 27 years old.


title: Sara Rue

paragraphs: Sara Rue (born January 26, 1979 in New York City, New York) is an American actress. She played the roles of "Carmen Ferrara" on the drama "Popular" and "Claudia Casey" on the sitcom "Less Than Perfect".


title: Less Than Perfect

paragraphs: Less Than Perfect was an American television series. It was a sitcom that began airing on ABC on October 1, 2002 and ended on June 6, 2006. The series is about a young female office employee (played by Sara Rue) and her co-workers The series was directed by Skip Collector and Ted Wass, among others.


title: Hilary Hahn

paragraphs: Hilary Hahn (born November 27, 1979) is an American Grammy Award–winning violinist.

paragraphs: She was born into a Lutheran family and moved to Baltimore, Maryland at the age of three and began playing the violin one month before her fourth birthday in the Suzuki Program of Baltimore’s Peabody Conservatory.

paragraphs: Hahn became interested in the violin after taking a walk with her father in their Baltimore neighborhood (Zaustinsky 1999). The two passed a branch of the Peabody Conservatory that advertised music lessons for four-year-olds and observed a music lesson where a young boy was playing "Twinkle Twinkle Little Star". Hahn began taking lessons the following week and participated in a Suzuki class for about a year.

paragraphs: In 1995 Hahn made her international debut in Germany with a performance of the Beethoven Concerto for Violin and Orchestra in D Major with Lorin Maazel and the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra. The concert was broadcast on radio and television throughout Europe. A year later, Hahn debuted at Carnegie Hall in New York as a soloist with the Philadelphia Orchestra.

paragraphs: By the age of sixteen, Hahn had completed the Curtis Institute's university requirements, but elected to remain at the Institute for several more years to pursue additional elective courses, until her graduation in May 1999 with a Bachelor Of Music degree. During this time she regularly coached violin with Jaime Laredo, and studied chamber music with Felix Galimir and Gary Graffman. In an interview with PBS in December 2001, Hahn stated that of all the musical disciplines, she is most interested in musical performance (PBS Interview).

paragraphs: Hahn has played with orchestras such as the London Symphony Orchestra, New York Philharmonic, Singapore Symphony Orchestra, just to name a few. She debuted with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra in March 2007.

paragraphs: She began performing and touring in a crossover duo with singer-songwriter Josh Ritter in 2005 and (early 2007) with singer-songwriter Tom Brosseau.

paragraphs: In 2001, Time Magazine named Hahn as “America’s Best” young classical musician. Throughout her career, Hahn has performed with numerous orchestras around the globe. She previously recorded five albums with Sony Classical, but now records exclusively for Deutsche Grammophon.

paragraphs: In 1996 Sony Music signed Hahn to an exclusive recording contract, which made her one of the youngest exclusive artists in the label’s history. Hahn’s first recording, released in 1997, featured selected solo sonatas and partitas by J.S. Bach, and spent weeks as a bestseller on the Billboard classical charts.

paragraphs: In addition to being a solo violinist, Hahn has also performed as a chamber musician. Since the summer of 1992 she has performed nearly every year with the Skaneateles Chamber Music Festival in Skaneateles, New York. Between 1995 and 2000 she spent performing and studying chamber music at the Marlboro Music Festival in Vermont, and in 1996 she served as an artist and a member of the chamber music mentoring program of The Chamber Music Society of Lincoln Center.

paragraphs: Hahn signed with Deutsche Grammophon in 2003 after her contract with Sony expired in 2002. After Hahn completed her part of the contract with Sony, which was for five recordings over six years, she decided against renewing the contract due to the fact that she and Sony did not agree on her future projects (Lark Ascending).

paragraphs: In an interview with "Strings Magazine" conducted in 1999, Hahn cited several people as being influential on her development as a musician and a student. Two of these influences include David Zinman, the conductor of the Baltimore Symphony and Hahn’s mentor since she was ten, and Lorin Maazel, with whom she worked in Europe with the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra. In the interview, Hahn also stated that she enjoys watching movies, reading, and writing in her free time. Other hobbies that she lists include: meeting new people, exploring cities, ballet, working out, swimming, and bike riding. She also enjoys animals and rowing (The Daily Princetonian).

paragraphs: Hilary Hahn plays an 1864 Vuillaume violin( II Cannone Guarneri copy) that was formerly owned by the Russian violinist Samuel Lande who was a friend of Klara Berkovich, Hahn’s first teacher. Hahn uses Dominant strings and bows by French bow makers Paul Jombar and Emil Miquel (Zaustinsky 1999). But now, she plays on the 1865 Vuillaume violin( Alard Stradivarius copy) which she bought at Tarisio Auctions.

paragraphs: As of 1999, Hahn has stated that she plays Bach more than any other composer and that she has played solo Bach pieces every day since she was eight (Zaustinsky 1999). The following is an excerpt from the liner notes to Hahn’s album "Hilary Hahn Plays Bach":

paragraphs: ""Bach is, for me, the touchstone that keeps my playing honest. Keeping the intonation pure in double stops, bringing out the various voices where the phrasing requires it, crossing the strings so that there are not inadvertent accents, presenting the structure in such a way that it's clear to the listener without being pedantic - one can't fake things in Bach, and if one gets all of them to work, the music sings in the most wonderful way.""

paragraphs: In a segment on NPR entitled "“Musicians in Their Own Words”", Hahn speaks about the surreal experience of playing the Bach "Chaconne" (from the Solo Violin Partita No. 2) alone on the concert stage. In the same segment, she also discusses her experiences emulating a lark while playing "The Lark Ascending" by Ralph Vaughan Williams. The complete transcript can be found here:


title: Larry King

paragraphs: Larry King (born November 19, 1933) is an American writer, journalist and broadcaster. For many years, he hosted a nightly interview program on the Cable News Network (CNN) called "Larry King Live". The program ran from 1985 to 2010. It was simulcast on Westwood One radio network until 2009. Before that, he hosted a radio talk show on Mutual Radio called the "Larry King Show." He has made some 40,000 interviews with politicians, athletes and entertainers. Larry King has won several awards. He now hosts a talk show called "Politicking". That show is on Russia Television, an English language television network run by the Russian state.

paragraphs: His first show of "Larry King Live" was in 1985. He has had an interview with every President of the United States since Gerald Ford.

paragraphs: King has stated he is liberal politically.

paragraphs: King had a heart attack in 1987 and wrote two books about life with a heart disease. He founded the Larry King Cardiac Foundation in 1988 to help people who have no insurance cover the costs of treatment.

paragraphs: King was born Lawrence Leibel Harvey Zeiger in Brooklyn, New York City to immigrant parents. His father was from Austria and his mother was from Belarus. Both parents were Orthodox Jews.

paragraphs: Larry King has been married eight times. His wives include:


title: Norfolk, Virginia

paragraphs: Norfolk is a large city in Virginia, United States. It is the 78th largest city in the United States. It is home to the "Norfolk Admirals" of the AHL.

paragraphs: As of the census of 2000, there were 234,403 people, 86,210 households, and 51,898 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,684.4/km² (4,362.8/mi²). There were 94,416 housing units at an average density of 678.5/km² (1,757.3/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 48.36% White, 44.11% African American, 0.46% Native American, 2.81% Asian, 0.11% Pacific Islander, 1.67% from other races, and 2.48% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.80% of the population.


title: Cream Lemon

paragraphs: Cream Lemon is an anime series. It is a collection of short stories. There are many different types of stories in the anime, for example, soap opera (the Ami series), fantasy (Rall series), horror (Cream Lemon Dark) and parody (Pop Chaser). It deals with a lot of heavy perversions including S&M, men being raped by groups of women, bondage, torture, yuri and incest.

paragraphs: The first "Cream Lemon" OVA was released in August 1984. "New Century Cream Lemon" was released from July 27, 2001 to August 23, 2002. "Cream Lemon New Generation" was released from March 23, 2006 to May 31, 2006.

paragraphs: "Project A-ko" was originally intended to be a part of this series.


title: Vahan Tekeyan

paragraphs: Vahan Tekeyan (, January 21, 1878, Constantinople - April 4, 1948) was an Armenian poet, journalist, and public activist. He was educated in Armenian schools in Constantinople and moved to Egypt in 1914, escaping the Armenian Genocide.


title: Pontic Greeks

paragraphs: Pontic Greeks, Pontian Greeks, Pontians or Greeks of Pontus (, ) can refer to Greeks specifically from the area of Pontus in the region of the former Empire of Trebizond on the Black Sea coast of Eastern Turkey, or in other cases more generally all Greeks from the shores of the Black Sea or the Pontus. Greeks from Trabzon traditionally speak Pontic Greek. The terms Pontic and Pontian can be used interchangeably.


title: Nynorsk

paragraphs: Nynorsk (New Norwegian) is one of the two official written standards of Norwegian; the other is Bokmål. It is based on Norwegian dialects and was created by Ivar Aasen during the 19th century as a Norwegian alternative to Danish upon which it is based. Danish was then often written in Norway.


title: Austrian Armenian Cultural Society

paragraphs: The Austrian Armenian Cultural Society was founded in 1974 at Vienna, Austria, the Austrian-Armenian Cultural Society is an organization that promotes cultural ties between Armenia and Austria and a lot more.

paragraphs: Its main goal is to introduce Austrians to the Armenian culture and heritage as well as informing Armenians about the Austrian culture and history. The Austrian-Armenian Cultural Society whose members are Armenians as well as Austrians, e.g. scientists, writers, artists, renowned leaders, and more. The organization is maintaining cultural ties to different organizations in Austria, Armenia and the diaspora.

paragraphs: Among its many activities, it runs Armenian language lessons, useful programs to Armenia, youth camping events and way more.


title: Laredo, Texas

paragraphs: Laredo is a mid-sized city in southern Texas, United States established in the year 1755. Laredo has a population of 207,787. Hispanics make up 90% of the total population, and the city is largely Catholic. Laredo is a border city which is part of the bi-national metropolitan area of Laredo, Texas - Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, Mexico with a total population of 575,585. The main sources of income for Laredo is international trade, followed by retail sales.

paragraphs: Laredo was founded by Don Tomas Sanchez under the name of Villa de San Agustin de Laredo in 1755 in a colony called Nuevo Santander in New Spain. Today, most of Nuevo Santander is part of Texas.


title: German-Armenian Society

paragraphs: The German-Armenian Society was founded in Berlin in 1914. Apart from Johannes Lepsius, its original members included the journalist Paul Rohrbach and the Armenian author Avetik Issahakyan.

paragraphs: The goals of DAG are the promotion and understanding between Germans and Armenians and to safeguard the likings of Armenians living in Germany. Furthermore, the DAG defends the rights and interests of Armenian minorities, including in Turkey and other Middle Eastern countries.


title: Asbarez

paragraphs: "Asbarez" Newspaper began its publication in August 1908 in Fresno as a weekly. After several successful decades the offices and publishing headquarters moved to Los Angeles in the early 1970s. Today it is still active.

paragraphs: "Asbarez" is the official publisher of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation Western United States Central Committee, and mainly serves the more than 500,000 strong Armenian-American community in the Western states.

paragraphs: On May 1, 1970 when "Asbarez" began publishing its English section. Today, that section, which became a daily publication in January 1993, is the voice of the community and a source of information within the halls of Congress, in libraries around the country and newsrooms of major media outlets.


title: Nuevo Laredo

paragraphs: Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas is a mid-sized city in northern Tamaulipas, Mexico established in the year 1847. Nuevo Laredo has a population of 355,827. Nuevo Laredo is a border city which is part of the bi-national metropolitan area of Laredo, Texas, United States - Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, Mexico with a total population of 575,585. The main sources of income for Nuevo Laredo is international trade, followed by retail sales.

paragraphs: Laredo, Texas was founded by Don Tomas Sanchez under the name of Villa de San Agustin de Laredo in 1755 in a colony called Nuevo Santander in New Spain. Today, most of Nuevo Santander is part of Texas. Laredo was named after a village in Spain also called Laredo in Cantabria. In 1847, when Texas became part of the United States, 17 families decided to remain Mexican and crossed the Rio Grande into Mexico and established Ciudad Nuevo Laredo.


title: United States military chocolate

paragraphs: Military chocolate has been a part of U.S. armed forces rations since 1937, and is issued to troops as part of basic field rations and sundry packs. Chocolate rations served two purposes: as a morale boost, and as a high-energy, pocket-sized emergency ration.


title: Marion Bartoli

paragraphs: Marion Bartoli (born 2 October 1984) is a French retired female professional tennis player.

paragraphs: Her highest ranking was 7th in the world in singles and 15th in doubles. She won seven Women's Tennis Association tournaments in singles and three in doubles. She was known for playing two-handed shots on both forehand and backhand, which is unusual.

paragraphs: In 2007, she played in the Wimbledon final against Venus Williams, after winning against the World Number 1 Justine Henin in the semi-finals. It was considered one of the biggest shocks in Wimbledon history. Bartoli lost against Williams in the final, finishing as runner-up. Bartoli won the Wimbledon singles in 2013.

paragraphs: Bartoli retired in August 2013 due to pain from injuries. She lives in Geneva in Switzerland.


title: Bandana

paragraphs: A bandana (from Hindi , "bandhana", "to tie") is a type of large, usually colorful, kerchief, usually worn on the head. Bandanas are often printed in a paisley pattern.


title: Roger Federer

paragraphs: Roger Federer (born 8 August 1981, Basel) is a professional Swiss tennis player. As of February 2020, he is ranked number 3 in the world.

paragraphs: Federer holds the record for the most number of weeks at the top spot in the world ranking, with 310 weeks. He also holds the record for most weeks at the top spot in a row, with 237 weeks. Many experts believe that Federer is the greatest tennis player of all time. He has won 20 Grand Slam singles titles: six at the Australian Open (2004, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2017 and 2018), one at the French Open (2009), eight at Wimbledon (2003 to 2007, 2009, 2012 and 2017) and five at the U.S. Open (2004 to 2008). In 2007, he equalled the record for the most titles in a row (five) at Wimbledon set by Björn Borg. He won a gold medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics and a silver medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

paragraphs: He was named the Laureus World Sportsman of the Year for a record four years in a row (2005–2008), and again in 2018.

paragraphs: Federer's first language is Swiss-German and he speaks English, German and French very well. He also speaks some Swedish and Italian. His wife is former tennis player Mirka Vavrinec. After Wimbledon 2009, he became a father of twin girls who were named Charlene Riva and Myla Rose.

paragraphs: In May 2014 he became a father again, to twin boys named Leo and Lenny.

paragraphs: This table shows Federer's performance in each Grand Slam tournament in singles competition.


title: Martina Hingis

paragraphs: Martina Hingis (born 30 September 1980 in Košice, Slovakia, then Czechoslovakia) is a Swiss professional tennis player who spent a total of 209 weeks as World No. 1. She is known as the "Swiss Miss". She has won five Grand Slam singles titles, three at the Australian Open (1997 to 1999), one at Wimbledon (1997) and one at the U.S. Open (1997). She is a dominant player in doubles, winning 10 Grand Slam doubles titles and 3 mixed doubles titles.

paragraphs: Hingis has retired twice from the game. The first time was in 2002, when she was struggling with injuries and was only 22. She returned to tennis in 2005, but retired two years later after sustaining more injuries. A blood test had also proved that she was using cocaine, an illegal drug. In 2013, she returned to playing doubles and became a tennis coach. She won the 2015 Wimbledon doubles title together with Sania Mirza, 19 years after winning her first Wimbledon doubles title in 1996.

paragraphs: She was a contestant in the 2009 series of "Strictly Come Dancing".


title: Noisettes

paragraphs: The Noisettes are a band from England. They mostly play rock and alternative rock. With Shingai Shoniwa singing and playing bass guitar guitar, Dan Smith playing guitar, and Jamie Morrison who drums.

paragraphs: They released their first EP "Three Moods of the Noisettes" in April of 2005 on the independent record label Side Salad Records which led to signing internationally with Universal Music Group, who released the EP in the US on the Low Altitude imprint.

paragraphs: Noisettes have performed in Europe and the United States with bands such as TV on the Radio, Tom Vek, Babyshambles, Bloc Party and the Mystery Jets, and Muse. In 2007 the band released their first album "What's the Time Mr. Wolf?".


title: Rafael Nadal

paragraphs: Rafael Nadal Parera (born 3 June 1986 in Manacor, Majorca, Spain) is a Spanish professional tennis player who has won 19 Grand Slam singles titles; twelve at the French Open, four at the US Open, two at Wimbledon and one at the Australian Open. He has been ranked number one in the world. He plays very well on clay courts, and many people regard Nadal as the greatest clay-court tennis player in history. He plays tennis with his left hand.

paragraphs: Nadal has won 35 ATP Masters Series titles, a record, and the 2008 Olympic gold medal in singles. He is a part of the Spain Davis Cup team and has won the cup four times, in 2004, 2008, 2009, and 2011.

paragraphs: Nadal is often known simply as Rafa. He has rivalries against Roger Federer, Novak Djokovic and Andy Murray. Nadal is agnostic.

paragraphs: This table shows Nadal's performance in each Grand Slam tournament in singles.


title: Justine Henin

paragraphs: Justine Henin (born June 1, 1982 in Liège) is a Belgian former professional tennis player and a World Number 1. She won seven Grand Slam singles titles, including four (and three in a row) at the French Open. She is two-time runner up at Wimbledon but never won the title. Her mental toughness and her one-handed backhand are recognized by great tennis players. One of the greatest tennis player of all time, Billie Jean King has said that Justine is the best player of her generation. She was known as "Justine Henin-Hardenne" for a while, until she separated from her husband in 2007 and went back to her maiden name of Justine Henin. She retired in 2008 but announced her comeback on 22 September after seeing the success of her compatriot Kim Clijsters.


title: Carla Garapedian

paragraphs: Carla Garapedian is an American movie director. She was the anchor of BBC World News.


title: Massacres of Erzurum

paragraphs: The Massacres of Erzerum. Turkish soldiers took an active part in the massacres in Erzeroum. The soldiers began a massacre of the Armenians and the Turkish populace joined in the attack. The shops and houses of the Armenians were pillaged.

paragraphs: Following the massacres of Erzeroum of October 30, 1895, a British consul put the hand on two letters sent to his brother and to his parents by a Turkish soldier:

paragraphs: "My brother, if you want news from here, we killed 1 200 Armenians, all tiny rooms in pâtée for dog [... ] Mother, I am healthy and except. Father, twenty days ago, we carried out the war against the Armenian incrédules. By the grace of God, no misfortune arrived to us. The rumour says that our battalion will be dispatched in your part of the world - if it is the case, we will kill all the Armenians there. Other share, 511 Armenians were wounded, and it perishes about it one or two each day. If you want news of the soldiers and bachi bouzouks, not only one did not bleed of the nose [... ] That God blesses you."


title: Lake Kari

paragraphs: Lake Kari () is a lake in Armenia, in the slopes of Mount Aragats. It is mostly formed by ice and snow.


title: Mount Aragats

paragraphs: Mount Aragats () is the highest point in Armenia. It is in the province of Aragatsotn, northwest from Yerevan. It is a standalone extinct stratovolcano with four main peaks forming the rim of the crater. It is a popular destination for local alpinists.


title: Crystle Stewart

paragraphs: Crystle Danae Stewart (born September 20, 1981) is a beauty queen from Houston, Texas. She won the Miss USA beauty contest in 2008.

paragraphs: Stewart graduated from the University of Houston in 2007. She won the Miss Texas USA 2008 title in a state pageant held in Laredo, Texas on July 1, 2007. She competed against 121 other contestants. She is the second African American to win the crown at Miss Texas USA. Chelsi Smith was crowned Miss Texas USA 1995. Smith later became Miss USA and Miss Universe.

paragraphs: Stewart became the ninth Texan to win the Miss USA title.

paragraphs: Stewart hosted the Miss Teen USA 2009 competition on July 31, 2009 with Seth Goldman. Goldman and Stewart again hosted the Miss Teen USA pageant on July 24, 2010. Stewart hosted the 2011 Miss Texas USA contest with Jason Feinberg.


title: Victoria Cross for Australia

paragraphs: The Victoria Cross for Australia (VC) is the highest military decoration given for bravery "in the face of the enemy" to members of the Australia Armed Forces. The medal was called the "Victoria Cross", but the name was changed in 1991. The "Victoria Cross" was started in 1856 for bravery in the Crimean War. The first medals were made from captured Russian cannons. The Victoria Cross for Australia looks exactly the same as the Victoria Cross.

paragraphs: The first winner of the "Victoria Cross for Australia" is SAS Trooper Mark Donaldson. Donaldson won the medal for bravery in Afghanistan in September 2008. The medal was given to him in a ceremony on January 16, 2009. He was the first winner of a VC for 40 years.


title: White Pines Forest State Park

paragraphs: White Pines Forest State Park, also known as White Pines State Park, is an Illinois state park in Ogle County, Illinois.


title: George Stainforth

paragraphs: Wing Commander George Hedley Stainforth AFC RAF (1899 - 27 September 1942) was a British Royal Air Force pilot. He was the first man in the world to exceed 400 miles per hour in an aircraft.


title: Ion Heliade Rădulescu

paragraphs: Ion Heliade Rădulescu or Ion Heliade (also known as Eliad or Eliade Rădulescu January 6, 1802 – April 27, 1872) was a Wallachian-born Romanian academic, Romantic and Classicist poet, essayist, short story writer, newspaper editor and politician.


title: Chosroid Dynasty

paragraphs: The Chosroids (Khosro[v]iani, Georgian: ხოსრო[ვ]იანი) were a dynasty of the kings and later of the ruling princes of the early Georgian state of Iberia, natively known as Kartli, from the fourth to the ninth centuries. Presumably of Iranian origin and a branch of the Mihranid House, the family accepted Christianity as their official religion around the year 337, and maneuvered between the Byzantine Empire and Sassanid, Iran to retain a degree of independence.


title: Guaramid Dynasty

paragraphs: The Guaramid Dynasty was the younger branch of the Chosroid royal house of Iberia (Kartli, eastern Georgia).


title: George II of Imereti

paragraphs: George II (; died in 1585), of the Bagrationi Dynasty, was a king of Imereti from 1565 to 1585.


title: Bagrat III of Imereti

paragraphs: Bagrat III () (September 23, 1495 – 1565), of the Bagrationi Dynasty, was a king of Imereti from April 1, 1510 to 1565.


title: 1982 Glasgow Hillhead by-election

paragraphs: A Glasgow Hillhead by-election was held on 25 March 1982. The by-election was caused by the death of the Conservative Party Member of Parliament for Glasgow Hillhead Tam Galbraith on 2 January 1982.


title: Solaris

paragraphs: Solaris is an operating system created by Sun Microsystems in 1992. It was created to run on their workstations (but it can be used on most modern PCs) and is still developed today. It used to be called SunOS until it was renamed to Solaris in 1992. As of 2010, it is one of the main commercial UNIX variants (The others are HP-UX, AIX, and z/OS). Solaris is ultimately based on UNIX System V. With version 10, released in 2009, most parts of it were made Open Source, and released as OpenSolaris. Solaris 10 runs on SPARC processors, as well as the 32-bit and 64-bit Intel and AMD processors. Oracle Corporation acquired Sun Microsystems in January 2010. Oracle continued developing Solaris, but it stopped developing OpenSolaris. OpenSolaris was later forked into the illumos kernel and the OpenIndiana distribution.

paragraphs: It is mostly used in advanced servers like the ones that run the Internet, on some workstations, and for programming in languages like Java, having advanced features for programmers.


title: Puja Gupta

paragraphs: Puja Gupta (born 30 junuary 1984 in Kozhikode, Kerala, India) was the winner of Miss India Universe in 2007. She represented India in Miss Universe 2007 and placed in the top ten. Puja Gupta wants to be a writer and her hobbies are yoga, writing, horse riding and drawing.


title: Charles A. Johns

paragraphs: Charles A. Johns (June 25, 1857 – January 11, 1932) was an American lawyer, jurist and politician. He served as the 47th Associate Justice of the Oregon Supreme Court.


title: Saved!

paragraphs: Saved! is a 2004 American teen comedy movie. It is a religious satire. It is set in Maryland. The movie stars Jena Malone, Macaulay Culkin, and Mandy Moore.


title: Gibraltar Chronicle

paragraphs: The Gibraltar Chronicle is a newspaper published daily in Gibraltar since 1801. It is not only the oldest newspaper in Gibraltar, but also the second oldest English newspaper in the world.


title: Alan Johnston

paragraphs: Alan Graham Johnston (born May 17, 1962) is a British journalist working for the BBC. On March 12, 2007, he was taken by a group of armed men in Gaza. He was kept as a hostage until he was let free on July 4.


title: BBC Television Centre

paragraphs: BBC Television Centre (sometimes abbreviated TVC or TC) in White City, London is home to much of the BBC's television output. Since 1998, almost all of the corporation's national TV and radio news by BBC News is made there too.


title: Liberty Bell

paragraphs: The Liberty Bell is an important and famous symbol of American independence (freedom). It used to be in the Pennsylvania State House (now known as Independence Hall). The bell was ordered from the London firm of Lester and Pack (which is known as the Whitechapel Bell Foundry today) in 1752. It had the letters "Proclaim LIBERTY throughout all the land unto all the inhabitants thereof." Those words are a part of Leviticus 25:10. The bell first cracked when it was first rung when it came to Philadelphia, and was made again twice by John Pass and John Stow, two workmen. When it was first made, the Liberty Bell was used to make lawmakers come to legislative meetings. It was also used to call people to public meetings.

paragraphs: Bells were rung when the Declaration of Independence was read on July 8, 1776. While there is no record that the Liberty Bell also was rung, most historians believe it was rung with the other bells. In the 1830s, the bell was used as a symbol by abolitionist societies, who called it the "Liberty Bell". The bell got its large, well-known crack in the early 19th century. One story claims it was cracked while ringing after the death of Chief Justice John Marshall in 1835.

paragraphs: The bell became widely famous after a short story in 1847 claimed that an old bell-ringer rang it on July 4, 1776, after hearing the Second Continental Congress's vote for independence. Actually, the bell could not have been rung on that Fourth of July, because no announcement of the Declaration was made that day. However, many people believed this story. Even some historians accepted it as a fact. From 1885, the City of Philadelphia, which owned the bell, allowed it to go to many different patriotic meetings. Many people came to see the bell, and it grew even more cracked. Pieces were broken off by souvenir hunters. The last such journey was in 1915. After that, the city refused any more requests of that kind.

paragraphs: Ever since the city began in 1682, Philadelphia had been using its city bell to make its people know about meetings or civil danger. The first bell hung from a tree behind the Pennsylvania State House, now known as Independence Hall. In 1751, a bell tower was built in the Pennsylvania State House, and the leaders there began looking for a bell which could be heard from far away (the city was growing larger quickly). Isaac Norris, speaker of the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly, ordered the colony's London agent, Robert Charles, to get a "good Bell of about two thousands pound weight".

paragraphs: We hope and rely (trust) on thy (your) care and assistance (help) in this affair and that thou (you) wilt (will) procure (get) and forward it by the first good opp as our workmen inform us it will be much less trouble to hang the Bell before their Scaffolds are struck from the Building where we intend (wish) to place it which will not be done 'till the end of next Summer or beginning of the Fall. Let the bell be cast by the best workmen & examined carefully before it is Shipped with the following words well shaped around it vizt.<br>

paragraphs: By Order of the Assembly of the Povince  of Pensylvania  for the State house in the City of Philada 1752<br>

paragraphs: the home of the Liberty Bell was philadelphia

paragraphs: Proclaim Liberty thro' all the Land to all the Inhabitants thereof.-Levit. XXV. 10.

paragraphs: So Charles paid Lester and Pack (today the Whitechapel Bell Foundry) £150 13s 8d, (the same amount of money as about $36,400 today) for the bell, including the cost of taking it to Philadelphia and its insurance. It arrived in Philadelphia in August 1752.

paragraphs: A big reason why the bell became famous was because of a writer named George Lippard. On January 2, 1847, his story "Fourth of July, 1776" appeared in "Saturday Review" magazine. The short story was about an old man on July 4, 1776. It described how he was sitting sadly by the bell, afraid that Congress would not be able to declare independence. Suddenly, a young boy comes to tell the old man to ring the bell. The story was widely reprinted. This made people think of the Liberty Bell and the Declaration of Independence as closely related.


title: Frank Lloyd Wright

paragraphs: Frank Lloyd Wright (born Frank Lincoln Wright; June 8, 1867 – April 9, 1959) was a famous American architect from the early 20th century. He designed all kinds of buildings including banks, holiday resorts, office buildings, churches, a synagogue, a gas station, a beer garden and an art museum.

paragraphs: Wright designed more than 1,000 structures and completed 532 works. Wright believed in designing structures which were in peace with humanity and its environment. He called his belief organic architecture. He used this technique for his design for Fallingwater (1935), which has been called "the best all-time work of American architecture". Wright was a leader of the Prairie School movement of architecture and developed the image of the Usonian home, his one-of-a-kind vision for urban planning in the United States.

paragraphs: He began an American style of building design and is said to be one of the greatest architects of the twentieth century.

paragraphs: Wright was born in Richland Center, Wisconsin on June 8, 1867 to a farming family.

paragraphs: His work includes original and creative examples of many building types. Wright also designed many of the interior elements of his buildings, such as the furniture and stained glass. Wright authored 20 books and many articles and was a popular lecturer in the United States and in Europe.

paragraphs: His colorful personal life often made headlines, most notably for the 1914 fire and murders at his Taliesin studio. Already well-known during his lifetime, Wright was recognized in 1991 by the American Institute of Architects as "the greatest American architect of all time."

paragraphs: Wright died on April 9, 1959 in Phoenix, Arizona from surgical complications. He was 91 years old.

paragraphs: Frank Lloyd Wright was born in the farming town of Richland Center, Wisconsin, United States, on June 8, 1867. He was born Frank Lincoln Wright. His father, William Carey Wright (1825–1904), was a locally admired speaker, music teacher, sometimes a lawyer, and minister. William Wright had met and married Anna Lloyd Jones (1838/39 – 1923), a county school teacher of Welsh descent, the previous year when he was employed as the superintendent of schools for Richland County.

paragraphs: The Wright family moved from Richland Center to Weymouth, Massachusetts. Afterwards, The Wright Family struggled financially in Weymouth and returned to Spring Green, Wisconsin. They settled in Madison. Although William was a distant parent, he shared his love of music, especially the works of Johann Sebastian Bach, with his children.

paragraphs: Wright attended a Madison High School, but there is no evidence he ever graduated. He was admitted to the University of Wisconsin–Madison as a special student in 1886. There he joined Phi Delta Theta fraternity, took classes part-time for two semesters, and worked with a professor of civil engineering, Allan D. Conover. He moved to Chicago, Illinois in 1887.

paragraphs: Wright did not get along well with other draftsmen. He wrote that several violent events happened between them during the first years of his apprenticeship. Afterwards many other draftsmen showed very little respect for his employees as well. In spite of this, "Sullivan took [Wright] under his wing and gave him great design responsibility." As an act of respect, Wright would later refer to Sullivan as "Lieber Meister" (German for "Dear Master"). Wright also formed a bond with office foreman Paul Mueller. Wright would later engage Mueller to build several of his public and commercial buildings between 1903 and 1923.

paragraphs: As Wright began to work on residential projects for Adler & Sullivan. Wright designed his houses on his own time. Sullivan knew nothing of Wright's works until 1893, when he recognized that one of the houses was a Frank Lloyd Wright design. This particular house, built for Allison Harlan, was only blocks away from Sullivan's townhouse in the Chicago community of Kenwood.

paragraphs: Many examples of his work are in Buffalo, New York as a result of friendship between Wright and Darwin D. Martin. In 1902, the Larkin Company decided to build a new building. Wright came to Buffalo and designed not only the Larkin Administration Building (completed in 1904, demolished in 1950), but also homes for three of the company's executives including the Darwin D. Martin House in 1904. Wright later built their summer home. He also designed the Graycliff Estate, also designed for Darwin D. Martin and his wife, Isabelle.

paragraphs: On August 15, 1914, while Wright was working in Chicago, Julian Carlton, a male servant from Barbados who had been hired several months earlier, set fire to the living room of Taliesin and murdered seven people with an axe as the fire burned. The dead included Mamah; her two children, John and Martha; a gardener; a draftsman named Emil Brodelle; a worker; and another workman's son. Two people survived the mayhem. One of them helped to put out the fire that almost completely burned the residential wing of the house.

paragraphs: Carlton swallowed muriatic acid right after the attack in an attempt to kill himself. He was nearly lynched on the spot, but was taken to the Dodgeville jail. Carlton died from starvation seven weeks after the attack, despite medical attention.

paragraphs: Frank Lloyd Wright designed a summer-house in 1935 for the Kaufmann family over a waterfall in Pennsylvania. He called the house "Fallingwater". Some people say it is the most famous private home in the world.

paragraphs: The house actually sits low in the valley over the stream, but looks dramatic from further downstream. It has large terraces, and some of them stick straight out and hang over the waterfall or the stream. There are windows and glass doors, with only narrow steel supports between them, wrapping all the way around the living room.

paragraphs: There are also windows going all the way from the floor to the ceiling in all three stories of the tower.

paragraphs: Most of the house is made from stone. There are strong horizontal and vertical lines in the design of the house. It resembles the horizontal and vertical lines in the rock formations and other natural features. The waterfall can be heard everywhere in the house. Wright wanted there to be a close connection between inside and outside, and for the house itself to be natural.

paragraphs: In 1991, members of the American Institute of Architects named the Fallingwater house the "best all-time work of American architecture".

paragraphs: One famous house was called the Robie House. It had a maze like layout and geometric stained glass windows. The Robie House was a unique house with odd shapes, colors and form. He finished making it in 1910, as a house for children. In fact, many children lived and played in that house with their families up until 1926 when it was closed for living in, and closed to the public. Many times, it was planned to be destroyed. However, twice, Wright saved his house from destruction because of the reasons he built it and all the memories of it that he loved so much. It is now being restored at a cost of $10 million.

paragraphs: Another famous building by Wright was called the Johnson Wax Headquarters. The building has Wright's idea of the streamlined Art Moderne style popular in the 1930s. In a break with Wright's earlier Prairie School structures, the building features many circular forms and needed over 200 different curved "Cherokee red" bricks to create the sweeping curves of the inside and outside.

paragraphs: The mortar between the bricks was created in traditional Wright-style to give the horizontality of the building. The warm, reddish hue of the bricks was used in the polished concrete floor as well. The white stone trim and white columns create a slight yet striking difference. All of the furniture, created by Steelcase, was designed for the building by Wright and it mirrored many of the building's unique design features.

paragraphs: The entrance is in the structure, entering the building on one side with a covered carport on the other. The carport is supported by short versions of the steel-reinforced (tree-like) concrete columns that appear in the Great Workroom.

paragraphs: Wright proposed to build a skyscraper called The Illinois that would be the height of a distance of a mile. It was intended to be constructed in Chicago, Illinois. It could have included 528 stories, with a gross area of 18,460,000 square feet (1,715,000 m2). Wright stated that there would be parking for 15,000 cars and 150 helicopters.

paragraphs: The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York City. Wright worked on this project for 16 years (1943–1959) and is probably his most recognized masterpiece. The building is located in Fifth Avenue. Its interior is similar to the inside of a seashell.

paragraphs: Its one of a kind central geometry was created to allow visitors to easily see Guggenheim's collection of his paintings by taking an elevator to the top-level and then viewing artworks by walking down the slowly descending, central spiral ramp, the floor of which is lodged with circular shapes and triangular light bulbs to complement the geometric nature of the building.

paragraphs: However, when the museum was completed, some of Wright's design were ignored, such as his desire for the interior to be painted off-white. Further, the Museum currently designs exhibits to be viewed by walking up the curved walkway without walking down from the top-level.

paragraphs: Wright strongly believed in working alone. He did not support the American Institute of Architects during his career, going so far as to call the organization "a harbor of refuge for the incompetent," and "a form of refined gangsterism." When an the Institute called him "an old amateur" Wright later responded, "I am the oldest." In 1940, Wright started the Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation. It was set up for educational purposes. It looks after two Wright buildings, Taliesin East in Wisconsin, and Taliesin West in Arizona. It has a library with more than 22,000 of Wright's drawings, and 300,000 documents. It is home to the Frank Lloyd Wright School of Architecture.

paragraphs: Frank Lloyd Wright was married three times and fathered seven children, four sons and three daughters. He also adopted Svetlana Milanoff, the daughter of his third wife, Olgivanna Lloyd Wright. Wright once had an apprentice who was married to Joseph Stalin's daughter.

paragraphs: The Oscar-winning actress Anne Baxter was Wright's granddaughter.

paragraphs: Wright was a fan of Japanese Art and collected them throughout his career. Wright continued to collect them until his death in 1959. He used prints to help him pay for loans. He often relyed upon his art business to help financially.

paragraphs: Wright died on April 9, 1959, while undergoing surgery in Phoenix, Arizona, to remove an intestinal obstruction. His third wife, Olgivanna, ran the Fellowship after Wright's death, until her own death in Scottsdale, Arizona, in 1985.

paragraphs: Later that year, it was learned that her dying wish had been that Wright, she, and her daughter by a first marriage all be cremated and relocated to Scottsdale. By then, Wright's body had lain for over 25 years in the Lloyd-Jones cemetery, next to the Unity Chapel, near Taliesin, Wright's later-life home in Spring Green, Wisconsin. Wright's remains were removed from his grave by members of the Taliesin Fellowship. Then, his remains were cremated and sent to Scottsdale where they were later interred in the memorial garden.

paragraphs: In 1966, the United States Postal Service honored Wright with a "Prominent Americans series" 2¢ postage stamp. Several of Wright's buildings have been proposed by the United States to be UNESCO World Heritage sites.

paragraphs: Shortly after his death, Simon & Garfunkel recorded "So Long, Frank Lloyd Wright" as a tribute to Wright.

paragraphs: In 2000, Fallingwater was named "The Building of the 20th century" in "Top-Ten" poll taken by members attending the AIA annual convention in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. On that list, Wright was listed along with many of the USA's other greatest architects including Eero Saarinen, I. M. Pei, Louis Kahn, Philip Johnson and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. He was the only architect who had more than one building on the list. The other three buildings were the Guggenheim Museum, the Frederick C. Robie House and the Johnson Wax Headquarters.


title: Law enforcement in Cuba

paragraphs: Law enforcement in Cuba is the responsibility of the National Revolutionary Police Force (Spanish: Policía Nacional Revolucionaria, PNR) under the administration of the Cuban Ministry of the Interior.


title: Battle of Damascus

paragraphs: The Battle of Damascus (18 June - 21 June 1941) was the final action of the Allied advance on Damascus in Syria during the Syria-Lebanon campaign in World War II.


title: Laurence Mancuso

paragraphs: Laurence Mancuso (born June 30, 1934 - died June 10, 2007) was the founding abbot of the New Skete Eastern Orthodox monastic community in upstate New York.


title: Joseph Jukes

paragraphs: Joseph Beete Jukes (1811-1869) was a famous English geologist. He wrote of several geological manuals, and served as a naturalist on the trips of the ship "H.M.S Fly". He was born to John and Sophia Jukes in Birmingham, England


title: Second Severn Crossing

paragraphs: The Second Severn Crossing () is a bridge over the River Severn between South Gloucestershire in England and Monmouthshire in Wales.

paragraphs: The bridge carrie 6 lanes of M4 motorway and is one of the main routes into South Wales. It was opened on 5 June 1996 to allow more traffic than the original Severn Bridge, which opened in 1966. Both bridges are still in use although the newer crossing is more direct and less likely to be closed in strong winds.


title: Spitz (band)

paragraphs: Spitz is a Japanese rock band that set up in 1987. Masamune Kusano is a vocalist and plays the guitar, too. Tetsuya Miwa plays the guitar. Akihiro Tamura plays the bass. Tatsuo Sakiyama plays the drums. Their songs, especially "Robinson", "Cherry" and "Soramotoberuhazu,"are very popular.


title: Yakima, Washington

paragraphs: Yakima is a city in the state of Washington.


title: Sprite

paragraphs: Sprite is a lemon-lime soda, similar to 7 UP and Sierra Mist. It is made by the Coca-Cola Company. It has no caffeine. In 2009, its logo was changed.

paragraphs: There are many variants of Sprite. The two popular Sprite variants are:


title: University of Washington

paragraphs: The University of Washington (UW) is the main state university of the U.S. state of Washington. There are over 40,000 students. It is in Seattle, Washington. The University of Washington's sports teams (the Huskies) are part of the Pacific-12 Conference of the National Collegiate Athletic Association.

paragraphs: Every year UW has a rivalry game with Washington State University. This game is called the Apple Cup in which the two football teams play each other. As of the year 2010 the University of Washington has won 66 Apple Cups and Washington State University only has 31. The longest consecutive wins of the Apple Cup belongs to U.W. with 8 consecutive wins, with Washington State at 2 consecutive wins.


title: The Hershey Company

paragraphs: The Hershey Company (), until April 2005 Hershey Foods Corporation, commonly called Hershey's, is America's largest chocolate company. Its main office is in Hershey, Pennsylvania, a town that smells strongly of cocoa on some days, and home to Hershey's Chocolate World. The company was founded by Milton S. Hershey in 1894 as the Hershey Chocolate Company. Hershey's candies and other products are sold around the world.


title: Totally Spies!

paragraphs: Totally Spies! is a French/Canadian animated television series produced by Marathon Media and Image Entertainment Corporation. The show was first broadcast on November 3, 2001 on ABC Family in USA. It was also broadcast on TF1 in France and Teletoon in Canada.

paragraphs: Totally Spies! The Movie was released on July 22, 2009 in France. The show had been running since 2001. A sixth season was confirmed by Marathon Media to premiere on September 4, 2013. 156 episodes divided in 6 seasons

paragraphs: The series centers around the adventures of three teenage girls - Sam, Alex and Clover - who live a double life as spies working for the World Organization of Human Protection (WOOHP). The girls are recruited by the organization's leader, Jerry Lewis, to solve crises that arise around the world. Many of their missions involve dealing with disgruntled villains who have been wronged in some form during their past. Several have exacted revenge on the spies by invading their personal lives. The b-stories focus on the girls' daytime lives as high school students, dealing with relationships, school and school rivals.

paragraphs: The show premiered a season 1 with 26 episode a second season with 26 episodes a Third season was Co-produced by Image and Teletoon. The show had a third season with 26 episodes, a Fourth season with 26 episodes and a Fifth season with 26 episodes it was going to be canceled but a Sixth season of Totally Spies! was confirmed in 2011 by Marathon Media with 26 episodes to be in production or making in 2012 with TF1 and The Walt Disney company France each episode was 26 minutes long Zodiak Kids licensing to TF1 France, Teletoon Canada, Super DEA Kids Italy, Nickelodeon Central and Eastern Europe, Nickelodeon Germany, Nickelodeon Netherlands and Cartoon Network Latin America

paragraphs: "Main Article" : Totally Spies! The Movie

paragraphs: Totally Spies! The Movie 2009 film by Marathon Media hit 110 theaters in France and Netherlands. The Film was awarded 2011 kidscreen

paragraphs: Totally Spies premiered on November 3, 2001 on ABC Family. It later premiered in Europe on channels such as Germany's ProSieben, France's TF1 and the United Kingdom's Channel 4 during the spring of 2002. The show later moved to Cartoon Network, where it attracted 1.6 million viewers (aged 4 – 10) daily and continued airing until 2009. The show has also attracted over one million viewers in France since its debut. It was later re-licensed and its sixith season, along with Totally Spies! The Movie and the show's spin off The Amazing Spiez!. The show aired its sixth season in France and is being broadcast around Europe. The Amazing Spiez! was broadcast in France on TF1, Canada on Teletoon, Japan on NHK, USA on Cartoon Network, Southeast Asia on Disney Channel Asia. The sixth season of Totally Spies! was re-licensed with new and old broadcasters! The sixith season made it's debut on it's Original network of TF1 in France in September 4, 2013 and Teletoon in Canada in September 7, 2014.

paragraphs: Good Times Entertainment released seasons 1-3 was made formated on DVD on Amazon.


title: Screamers (2006 movie)

paragraphs: Screamers is a 2006 documentary by director Carla Garapedian.


title: Ross Bagdasarian

paragraphs: Ross Bagdasarian (January 27, 1919 – January 16, 1972) was an American pianist, songwriter, actor, and record producer of Armenian descent. He was born in Fresno, California. During his professional life he was better known by the stage name David Seville, which he used on his recordings featuring Alvin and the Chipmunks.


title: Shawn Michaels

paragraphs: Michael Shawn Hickenbottom (born July 22, 1965), better known by the ring name Shawn Michaels, is an American television presenter, actor, and retired professional wrestler, he has been given the nickname of "The Heartbreak Kid" (sometimes referred to as HBK). He used to performs on the Raw brand of World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). Michaels retired from wrestling after a loss to The Undertaker. He is a 2011 inductee in to the WWE Hall of Fame.

paragraphs: Michaels is one of the two wrestlers that performed on the very first episode of "WWF Monday Night RAW" that is still part of the company, the other being The Undertaker.


title: Denali

paragraphs: Denali, also formerly known as Mount McKinley, is the highest mountain peak in both the United States and North America. It is exactly 20,310 feet (6,190.5 m) high. It is in the highest part of the Alaska Range. Denali means "the high one" in the Athabaskan language.

paragraphs: Denali is in the middle of the Alaska Range. It is about 130 miles (209 km) north-northwest of Anchorage and 155 miles (249 km) southwest of Fairbanks. The summit is about 35 miles (56 km) from the nearest major road, the George Parks Highway.


title: Dune

paragraphs: In physical geography, a dune is a hill of sand, usually deposited by eolian processes (wind) or sometimes by the flow of water. Dunes occur, for example, in some deserts and beaches. Sand dunes have different forms and sizes based on their interaction with the wind. Sometimes they migrate downwind. A "dune field" is an area covered by many sand dunes.


title: Detective

paragraphs: A detective is a person who investigates crime. Most detectives are police officers. Some are hired by a private person or company, for example to stop theft. Those are called private investigators. There are many stories about detectives. Some famous fictional (not real) detectives are Sherlock Holmes, Inspector Clouseau, Nancy Drew, The Hardy Boys.

paragraphs: Detectives will search public and private databases, investigate people and examine evidence in order to solve the case.


title: Kieran Richardson

paragraphs: Kieran Richardson (born 21 October 1984) is an English football player. He plays for Sunderland, a team in the Premier League in England.


title: Juan Pablo Montoya

paragraphs: Juan Pablo Montoya (born September 20, 1975 in Bogotá, Colombia) is an IndyCar Series racecar driver. He used to race in NASCAR and Formula 1. His wife is Connie and he has a son and a daughter. He was a CART champion winning the Indianapolis 500., his first win in "NASCAR" came in 2007 and the second in 2010 for Chip Ganassi's racing team. Before 2007, he was in Formula One from 2000 to 2006 winning at 7 Grand Prix's one of them in Monte Carlo, Monaco. While in NASCAR, he drove for Earnhardt Ganassi Racing (his old CART Team), and his teammate was Jamie McMurray. He left Ganassi and NASCAR in 2014 to race IndyCars for Penske Racing. In 2014, he won his first race since leaving NASCAR when he won a race at Pocono Raceway.


title: Riyo Mori

paragraphs: Riyo Mori (born 24 December 1986 in Aoi-ku, Shizuoka, Japan) is a pageant titleholder best known for crowning Dayana Mendoza as Miss Universe 2008.

paragraphs: She also won the Miss Universe 2007 title in May 2007. She was the second woman from Japan to hold the title. (The first Miss Universe winner from Japan was Akiko Kojima in 1959.) Mori is the eleventh Asian woman to win the pageant.

paragraphs: In 2008, Mori received the grand honour of crowning Dayana Mendoza of Venezuela as Miss Universe 2008.


title: Eolian processes

paragraphs: Eolian (or aeolian or æolian) is an event that occurs in nature. It is related to the winds and its ability to modify the surface of the Earth and other planets.

paragraphs: Winds cause erosion, and move sand and other materials. Wind is powerful in dry regions with sparse vegetation, such as deserts. Although water is, generally speaking, a much more powerful eroding force than wind, aeolian processes are primary in deserts.

paragraphs: Sand dust from the Sahara gets all over Europe, and even as far as the Amazon basin. Winds and global air movements are what causes this widespread travel of materials from the ground.


title: American Girl

paragraphs: The American Girl series is a series of books and accompanying dolls about fictional girls who live in different time periods in America's history. The American Girl series was first created by The Pleasant Company in 1986, founded by Pleasant T. Rowland. Today, the dolls and books are made by Mattel, a large toy company. Each doll has her own line of accessories that includes a series of books about her life, furniture, clothing, pets, and things that she would use or play with. For some dolls, a doll of her best friend is included in the collection. Four of the dolls have had movies made about their stories.

paragraphs: There have also been some dolls who have been "retired":

paragraphs: There is also another line of dolls called "Girl of the Year," (called "American Girl of Today" before 2006). Each girl stars in her two book (one book before 2007) series. Their stories take place in modern times in the year they are released. The line was made starting in 2001. However, there wasn't a Girl of the Year in 2002 and 2004 due to low sales of Lindsey. These are the Girls of the Year:


title: Hot spring

paragraphs: A hot spring is a spring produced by the emergence of geothermally heated groundwater from the Earth's crust. Hot springs are in many places, especially in mountains.

paragraphs: There is no universally accepted definition of a hot spring. For example, one can find the phrase "hot spring" defined as

paragraphs: The water issuing from a hot spring is heated by geothermal energy, i.e., heat from the Earth's mantle.