title: Scotia Sea

paragraphs: The Scotia Sea is partly in the Southern Ocean and mostly in the South Atlantic Ocean.

paragraphs: Normally stormy and cold, the Scotia Sea is the area of water between Tierra del Fuego, South Georgia, South Sandwich Islands, South Orkney Islands and the Antarctic Peninsula. It is bordered on the west by Drake Passage. These island groups all sit on top of the Scotia Ridge. The Scotia Sea covers an area of about 900,000 km². About half of the sea stands above the continental shelf.

paragraphs: The islands are rocky and partly covered in ice and snow year round.

paragraphs: The islands do have vegetation. They have been called Scotia Sea Islands tundra ecoregion. These include South Georgia, the volcanic South Sandwich Islands and the South Orkneys in the Scotia Sea as well as the remote South Shetland Islands near the Antarctic Peninsula and the small isolated volcano Bouvet Island. All these islands are in the cold seas below the Antarctic convergence. These areas have tundra vegetation of mosses, lichen and algae. Seabirds, penguins and seals feed in the surrounding waters.

paragraphs: Seabirds include four species of albatross: Black-browed Albatross "(Diomedea melanophris)", Grey-headed Albatross "(Thalassarche chrysostoma)", Light-mantled Albatross "(Phoebetria palpebrata)", and Wandering Albatross "(Diomedea exulans)". There are only five species of bird that stay on land. These include two endemic species: a race of the Yellow-billed Pintail duck"(Anas georgica)" and South Georgia Pipit "(Anthus antarcticus)".

paragraphs: Penguin species found here include large numbers of King Penguins, as well as Chinstrap Penguin, Macaroni Penguin, Gentoo penguin, Adelie Penguin, and Rockhopper Penguin "(Eudyptes chrysocome)".

paragraphs: Seals include the Antarctic Fur Seal "(Arctocephalus gazella)" and Sub-Antarctic Fur Seal "(Arctocephalus tropicalis)" in large numbers, Leopard Seal "(Hydrurga leptonyx)", Weddell Seal "(Leptonychotes weddellii)", the huge Southern Elephant Seal "(Mirounga leonina)", and Crabeater Seal "(Lobodon carcinophagus)".

paragraphs: South Georgia, the South Sandwich Islands and Bouvet Island are protected as nature reserves. Bird Island, South Georgia is a site of special scientific interest.


title: Weddell Sea

paragraphs: The Weddell Sea is part of the Southern Ocean and has the Weddell Gyre. The easternmost point is Cape Norvegia at Princess Martha Coast, Queen Maud Land. Much of the southern part of the sea, up to Elephant Island, is permanent ice. The sea is claimed by Argentina and Britain. There is also a part in the claim of Chile. At its widest the sea is around 2,000 km across. In area it is around 2.8 million km².

paragraphs: The sea is named after the British sailor James Weddell who entered the sea in 1823.

paragraphs: The Weddell Seal is one of the animals that live in the area.

paragraphs: The Weddell Sea has said by scientists to have the clearest water of any sea.


title: Bab-el-Mandeb

paragraphs: The Bab-el-Mandeb, meaning "Gate of Tears" in Arabic, is a strait between Yemen on the Arabian Peninsula, Djibouti and Eritrea, north of Somalia, in the Horn of Africa, and connecting the Red Sea to the Guardafui Channel and Gulf of Aden. It is sometimes called the "Mandab Strait" in the English language.

paragraphs: The strait gets its name from the dangers of traveling on it. Or, according to an Arab legend, from the numbers who were drowned by the earthquake which separated Asia and Africa.

paragraphs: Bab el-Mandab acts is an important link between the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, via the Red Sea and the Suez Canal. In 2006, about of oil passed through the strait per day, out of a world total of about .

paragraphs: The distance across is about 20 miles (30 km) from Ras Menheli in Yemen to Ras Siyan in Djibouti. The island of Perim divides the strait into two channels. The eastern channel, known as the Bab Iskender (Alexander's Strait), is 2 miles (3 km) wide and 16 fathoms (30 m) deep. The western channel, or Dact-el-Mayun, has a width of about 16 miles (25 km) and a depth of 170 fathoms (310 m). Near the coast of Djibouti is a group of smaller islands known as the "Seven Brothers".


title: Bass Strait

paragraphs: Bass Strait is a sea strait separating Tasmania from the south of the Australian mainland, specifically the state of Victoria. The strait was named after George Bass who travelled it in 1798.

paragraphs: It is about 240 km wide at its narrowest point and generally around 50 metres deep. It has many islands, with King Island and Flinders Island home to many towns.

paragraphs: The water is very rough, with many ships lost in the 19th century. A lighthouse was built on Deal Island in 1848 to help ships in the eastern part of the Straits. On the west, the Cape Otway Lighthouse was first lit in 1848. Another lighthouse was at Cape Wickham at the northern end of King Island in 1861.

paragraphs: There are over 50 islands in Bass Strait. Major islands include:


title: Davis Strait

paragraphs: Davis Strait is a northern arm of the Labrador Sea. It is between mid-western Greenland and Nunavut, Canada's Baffin Island. The strait was named for the English explorer John Davis (1550–1605), who explored the area while seeking a Northwest Passage. It is the world's broadest strait.

paragraphs: The water depth is between one and two thousand meters. The strait is much shallower than the Labrador Sea to the south or Baffin Bay to the north. It is on the coast line of Canada.


title: Nine-banded armadillo

paragraphs: The nine-banded armadillo ("Dasypus novemcinctus"), or the nine-banded, long-nosed armadillo, is a species of armadillo. The nine-banded armadillo is an insectivorous animal. Ants, termites, and other small invertebrates make up most of its diet. The armadillo can jump in the air when scared.

paragraphs: The nine-banded armadillo is spreading more far out in both the north and east of the United States. It crossed the Rio Grande from Mexico in the late 19th century. At the same time, it was introduced in Florida by humans. By 1995, the species was found in Texas, Oklahoma, Louisiana, Arkansas, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida, and recently seen as far north as southern Nebraska, Illinois, and Indiana.

paragraphs: The main reason of this fast expansion is because the species have few or no natural predators in the United States. It is also because Americans do not hunt or eat the armadillo. In late 2009, the state of North Carolina considered a hunting season for armadillo to slow them down.

paragraphs: Outside the United States, the nine-banded armadillo is in Central and South America and northern Argentina and Uruguay.

paragraphs: Nine-banded armadillos are mostly insectivores. They find their meals by pushing their snouts into soil and digging. They dig up grubs, beetles, ants, termites, and worms. They sometimes also eat amphibians, small reptiles, fungi, and carrion.

paragraphs: Nine-banded armadillos do not live in groups. They are nocturnal, which means that they are lively at night instead of the day. The burrows they make are about wide, deep, and long.

paragraphs: Armadillos usually mark their territory. The armadillo can jump in the air when scared. This may be dangerous on roads, because it could get hit by a car.

paragraphs: Mating is usually done from July to August in the Northern Hemisphere and November to January in the Southern Hemisphere. A single egg is fertilized. Then it splits into four identical embryos, each which makes its own placenta. The nine-banded armadillo gives birth to genetically identical quadruplets.

paragraphs: After birth, the quadruplets remain in the burrow, drinking the mother's milk for about three months. Then they begin to hunt for their meals with the mother. After six months to a year, they leave.

paragraphs: A single female can produce up to 56 young over the course of her life.


title: Redundancy

paragraphs: In information theory, redundancy means that a message is encoded and transmitted using more bits that are necessary to encode the message. If a piece of information is redundant, it can be left out, without loss of information. Redudant information such as checksums can be used to detect and correct errors in transmission or storage.

paragraphs: Operations like data compression reduce redundancy. This can be good, as the data can be sent more quickly and take less space. It can also be bad, if an error can no longer be corrected automatically.

paragraphs: When using databases, redundancies must be avoided, as they can lead to inconsistencies. In this case, the process is called normalisation.


title: Hiroshima Toyo Carp

paragraphs: The is a Japanese professional baseball team in the city of Hiroshima and Hiroshima Prefecture. The Carp play in Japan's Central League or .

paragraphs: The Carp is a team with the greatest number of perfect games Japanese professional baseball.

paragraphs: The team joined the Central League as the Hiroshima Carp in 1949.

paragraphs: Carp Won Central League Championship for the first time in 1975.

paragraphs: The team mascot "Slyly" bears resemblance to the Phillie Phanatic of the Philadelphia Phillies. "Carp Boya" is another team mascot.


title: Moyashimon

paragraphs: Moyasimon: Tales of Agriculture, in Japan also known as Moyashimon (もやしもん), is a manga series created by Masayuki Ishikawa. It won the 2008 Tezuka Osamu Cultural Prize for Grand Prize and the 2008 Kodansha Manga Award for general manga.

paragraphs: It is said that the setting is based on Tokyo University of Agriculture. However, the author has said that it is just any agricultural college, and is unrelated to a real university.

paragraphs: Moyasimon follows the life of Tadayasu Sawaki, a first-year college student at an agricultural university.

paragraphs: He can see and communicate with microorganisms and bacteria.


title: Kōkō Seamount

paragraphs: The seamount is also known as the "Kōkō Guyot"' because it has a flat top. This undersea geologic feature is also called a "guyot" or "tablemount".

paragraphs: This seabed mountain is named after Emperor Kōkō of Japan.

paragraphs: The last eruption from Kōkō seamount was 48 million years ago. The north side of Kōkō Seamount was formed at least 52.6 million years ago; and the south side of Kōkō is dated at 50.4 million years ago.


title: Kammu Seamount

paragraphs: The seamount is also known as the "Kammu Guyot" because it has a flat top. This undersea geologic feature is also called a "guyot" or "tablemount".

paragraphs: This seabed mountain is named after Emperor Kammu of Japan.

paragraphs: The last eruption from Kammu seamount is unknown.


title: Staffordshire Hoard

paragraphs: The Staffordshire Hoard is the largest find of Anglo-Saxon gold and silver metalwork in Britain. It was discovered in a field near the village of Hammerwich, Lichfield, in Staffordshire on 5 July 2009. It consists of over 3,500 items.

paragraphs: The objects are nearly all martial (military) in character, and there are no objects which are specifically female. The artefacts are dated as 7th or 8th centuries, at the time of the Kingdom of Mercia.

paragraphs: The hoard has been described by Leslie Webster, former keeper of the department of prehistory at the British Museum, as "absolutely the metalwork equivalent of finding a new Lindisfarne Gospels or Book of Kells", and "this is going to alter our perceptions of Anglo-Saxon England as radically, if not more so, as the Sutton Hoo discoveries".

paragraphs: Dr Roger Bland, Head of the Portable Antiquities Scheme, said: "It is a fantastically important discovery. It is assumed that the items were buried by their owners at a time of danger with the intention of later coming back and recovering them".

paragraphs: The average quality of the workmanship is extremely high.

paragraphs: The hoard was valued at £3.285 million, and has now been purchased by the Birmingham Museum & Art Gallery and the Potteries Museum & Art Gallery.


title: Dietary supplement

paragraphs: A dietary supplement (or food supplement or nutritional supplement) is anything taken by mouth which helps enhance food that a person or animal eats. It can be in pill, powder, or a liquid form.

paragraphs: The supplement provides nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, fiber, fatty acids, or amino acids. People may want to take supplements because they may not have enough nutrients in their body or may want to get more healthier. Some countries define supplements as food. Others define them as drugs or natural health products.

paragraphs: Bodybuilding supplements are dietary supplements for those involved in bodybuilding and athletics. These supplements can help with weight gain or weight loss, or to improve their performance.


title: Rana (genus)

paragraphs: Rana is a genus of frogs. There are over 90 species of these frogs. These include the pond frogs such as the common frog which lives in Europe. The brown frog, leopard frog, and the American bullfrog are also included. Members of "Rana" can be found in Eurasia, North American, Africa, Central America, and the northern parts of South America.

paragraphs: Species of "Rana" are very large in length. They have slim waists and wrinkled skin. Most of "Rana" frogs do not have warts like many toads. "Rana" frogs are great jumpers because of their long slender legs. All of the "Rana" frogs, including most frogs, have webbed feet. This allows them to swim in water. "Rana" frogs are mostly green and have brown on the top. They have darker and yellowish spots on their bodies.


title: Roar (utterance)

paragraphs: A roar is a sound that is made from certain animals. This sound is a deep outburst from an open mouth. Roaring is made by using hyoid. A hyoid is a small bone that is not completely rigid in adults. Animals roar for a few reasons. These include when animals claim their territory (such as territorial dispute), communication with other members, and when they are angry.


title: Daikaku-ji

paragraphs: The earliest structures were built in the early Heian period as a villa of Emperor Saga (785-842). Osawa pond, the artificial lake in the Japanese garden, was created in Saga's lifetime.

paragraphs: After Saga's death, a Buddhist temple complex was established at the site. Imperial princes were often appointed as abbot of the temple.

paragraphs: In the 14th century, the temple came to be associated with the Kameyama branch of the Imperial family.


title: Auf Wiedersehen, Pet

paragraphs: Auf Wiedersehen, Pet is a British drama television programme about English migrant builders. The show was created by Franc Roddam and mostly written by Dick Clement and Ian La Frenais. It was shown on ITV from 1983-1986 and on BBC One from 2002-2004. It stars Christopher Fairbank, Christopher Holton, Tim Healy, Gary Holton, Jimmy Nail, Pat Roach, Timothy Spall and Kevin Whately.

paragraphs: In the first series, the men work on a building site in Duesseldorf, Germany.


title: Daikakuji Seamount

paragraphs: The seamount is also known as the "Daikakuji Guyot" because it has a flat top. This undersea geologic feature is also called a "guyot" or "tablemount".

paragraphs: This seabed mountain is named after Daikaku-ji, which is a Buddhist temple long associated with the Imperial family.

paragraphs: The last eruption from Daikakuji seamount was 42 million years ago.


title: Bob Hoskins

paragraphs: Robert William Hoskins (26 October 1942 - 29 April 2014) was a British actor. He was born in Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk and raised in Finsbury Park, London.

paragraphs: Hoskins' movies include: "The Long Good Friday", "Mona Lisa" and "Who Framed Roger Rabbit". He won a BAFTA Award and a Golden Globe Award for his role as George in Mona Lisa.

paragraphs: He was also awarded a doctorate degree (degree in acting) at the graduation ceremony of Royal Central School of Speech and Drama in London, England.

paragraphs: On 8 August 2012, Hoskins said he had retired, having being diagnosed with Parkinson's disease in late 2011. He died of pneumonia on the morning of 29 April 2014 in London.


title: Hakuchi (era)

paragraphs: In 650 ("Taika 6", The "daimyo" of Nagato Province brought a white pheasant to the court as a gift for the emperor. It was considered to be a good omen, and the emperor caused the "nengō" to be changed to "Hakuchi" (meaning "white pheasant").

paragraphs: In Japan, this was the second nengō, which was developed from the Chinese system of eras ("nianhao"). It became an example of growth in political power.

paragraphs: The system of Japanese era names was not the same as Imperial reign dates.


title: Tororo

paragraphs: Tororo () is a sticky food made from grating a yam. Tororo is mixed with other food that typically includes dashi, wasabi, and green onions, and the amount of these ingredients can be adjusted to suit one's taste. In Japan, tororo is eaten as a side dish, or added to noodles (udon or soba). Tororo has a lot of vitamin B1, vitamin C, calcium, potassium, and other vitamins and minerals.

paragraphs: Mugitoro () is a wheat dish made by pouring cold tororo on top of cooked wheat.

paragraphs: Yamakake () is a dish made from tororo and tuna (maguro). Tuna seasoned with soy sauce and tororo with dashi give a mild taste. Sometimes, it is put on rice as Donburi.

paragraphs: Tororo is also eaten with udon or soba. In tororo udon/soba, it is often eaten with a raw egg or a yolk.

paragraphs: Japanese think it is very healthy to eat tororo, so it is added to many foods.

paragraphs: The Japanese food nattō is often eaten with tororo, too.


title: Lego big morl

paragraphs: lego big morl is a Japanese rock band from Osaka, made up of four men: Takehiro Kanata(guitar & vocal), Hiroki Tanaka (guitar), Hiro Asakawa (drum), Shintarou Yamamoto (bass).

paragraphs: They started the band in Osaka in 2006, and had a tour a year later. After that, their song "Ray" was adopted as the featured song of a drama, "Akai ito". This made them a little famous and they made a major debut next year.

paragraphs: "Ray" was covered by Kou Shibasaki in 2010.

paragraphs: After Asakawa's band split up in March, he asked Kanata to form a band with him. Tanaka, who was in the same band as Kanata joined the new band, followed by Yamamoto, who was a friend of Kanata from high school.

paragraphs: They started to go into action mainly in Osaka.

paragraphs: They held a first live tour in Tokyo, Yokohama, Ibaraki, and Gunma in March.

paragraphs: They gave out free CDs "テキーラグッバイ(tequila goodbye)" at live studios.

paragraphs: The year of getting people to know them.

paragraphs: ...They released a ¥100 SINGLE"moonwalk for a week", which reached number four on the indies chart.

paragraphs: They also released a first mini album "Tuesday and Thursday".

paragraphs: Starting from here, they attended many big music festivals and events.

paragraphs: In December, they released their first single "Ray", which became one of the soundtracks of the Fuji TV drama, and movie "赤い糸(akai ito)".


title: Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks

paragraphs: The history of the Hawks dates to the 1930s. The team has had several names, including

paragraphs: SoftBank Hawks won the first prize in the Japan championship in 2011. The owner of the Hawks is SoftBank, an IT company. The Hawks are very popular in Fukuoka. The mascot character is Harry Hawk.

paragraphs: The Fukuoka Yahoo! Japan Dome in Fukuoka is their home stadium. This stadium is in the central ward of Fukuoka city, near Tojinmachi subway station.


title: Shōten

paragraphs: Shōten is a comedy Japanese television series. It is broadcast on Sunday afternoons in Nippon television Network corporation. The show started in 1966.

paragraphs: There are eight members of this TV program: Utamaru, Koyuuza, Kouraku, Kikuō, Rakutarou, Shōta, Taihei and Takao Yamada. They are very　famous comic storytellers except Yamada. Yamada carries Japanese cushion for other broadcaster. Yamada says "I carry not only cushion but also happiness."


title: Slalom skiing

paragraphs: Slalom skiing is a special event in the sport of Alpine skiing.

paragraphs: Slalom was first recognized as part of the Winter Olympic Games in 1936.

paragraphs: Slalom is the most technical event in alpine skiing.

paragraphs: A slalom race involves skiing between and around a series of obstacles made of poles which are placed on the snowy slope. These poles are called "gates". There are many gates in a slalom run.

paragraphs: Smaller turns than Super G or Downhill are made because distance between gates is short.

paragraphs: World Cup is the highest international competition of alpine skiing held by International Ski Federation (FIS).

paragraphs: Ingemar Stenmark (Sweden, his career 1973-1989) and Vreni Schneider (Switzerland, her career 1984-1995) are the record holder as the most World Cup titles in Slalom discipline. Stenmark won 8 times and Schneider won 6 times.

paragraphs: These are necessary items for the alpine skiing competitions.

paragraphs: In slalom (SL), 165 cm for men, 155 cm for ladies.

paragraphs: In giant slalom (GS), 195 cm for men, 188 cm for ladies.

paragraphs: In Super G (SG), 210 cm for men, 205 cm for ladies.

paragraphs: In Downhill (DH), 218 cm for men, 210 cm for ladies.


title: Tumors of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues

paragraphs: Blood cancer is a type of cancer or tumor. Blood cancer hurts the blood, bone marrow, lymph, and lymphatic system. Sometimes more than one body part is hurt.

paragraphs: The cause is usually different from other types of cancer. The way to find out if a person has this cancer is also different.

paragraphs: People with blood cancers see a kind of doctor called a hematologist (blood doctor) or oncologist (cancer doctor). There are other blood problems that are not blood cancers. A blood doctor also helps people with those problems.

paragraphs: Tumors of the hematopoietic (blood cell forming) and lymphoid tissues are local growths. Hematopoietic and lymphoid "malignancies" are cancers that affect the blood, bone marrow, lymph, and lymphatic system. As the blood and lymph connect through both the circulatory system and the immune system, a disease affecting one will often affect the others as well.

paragraphs: A doctor will do some tests to find out if a person has a blood cancer. One common test is a complete blood count. The cells that circulate in the bloodstream are generally divided into three types: white blood cells (leukocytes), red blood cells (erythrocytes), and platelets (thrombocytes). The relative proportions is what picks up indications of a problem.

paragraphs: Sometimes the doctor will take a very small piece of the body out, to look at it. This is called a "biopsy". Bone marrow is where new blood is made in the body. A bone marrow biopsy looks at the blood-making parts to see if they have cancer.

paragraphs: People with blood cancer often take drugs called chemotherapy or immunotherapy. If the blood cancer is in one place, they may have radiotherapy. A bone marrow transplant is a difficult way to kill blood cancers.

paragraphs: Thousands of people get blood cancers. Each year, 30,000 people in the United Kingdom (UK) learn that they have blood cancer.

paragraphs: Lymphomas are more common than leukemias.


title: Japanese calligraphy

paragraphs: Japanese Calligraphy started with introduction of Kanji from China.

paragraphs: After Buddhism was introduced into Japan, Calligraphy spread rapidly.

paragraphs: Emperors such as Shotokutaishi ("聖徳太子") and Shoumu ("聖武天皇")　wanted people to copy sutras by hand. Also, Japanese envoys to Tang Dynasty China took Chinese culture back to Japan. This affected the way of Japanese Calligraphy.


title: Picnic

paragraphs: A picnic is an event to eat outdoors, have a break, enjoy the warm sunshine, and have fun in a free time. It is usually held in a park or other open places. People bring the food for picnics in lunch boxes or in picnic baskets. Food for picnics is prepared on location such as by grilling, or at home. After the meal, people often play games and sports, for example, playing catch, badminton and Frisbee. As at other parties, some like to create their own original foods and games.

paragraphs: In the 12th century, a picnic was described in the Persian poetry of "The Rubaiyat":

paragraphs: In 1800, the Picnic Society in London was organized by people who met from time to time to dine together.

paragraphs: A famous painting of a picnic is "Le déjeuner sur l'herbe" ("The Luncheon on the Grass"). It was painted in 1862 by the French artist Édouard Manet.


title: The Last Emperor

paragraphs: The Last Emperor is a historical movie released in 1987.

paragraphs: The movie follows the life of Pu Yi, who was the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty.

paragraphs: This movie was a collaboration by Italy, China, and Britain.

paragraphs: "The Last Emperor" received Golden Globe Awards.

paragraphs: The film won nine Academy Awards, including Best Picture.


title: Kameoka, Kyoto

paragraphs: Kameoka city was built around a castle. It is in a rural area.

paragraphs: The population of Kameoka city is about 90,000 people.

paragraphs: Special products found in Kameoka include Botan nabe and Matsutake.

paragraphs: The Kameoka festival is held in the city from October 23rd to 25th every year. It is called the Gion Festival in Tamba, or Fall festival in Kameoka.


title: Soft tennis

paragraphs: Soft tennis is major sport in Japan. It is usually played by two players with rackets. It is similar to normal tennis, but the ball is soft.

paragraphs: Young and old of both sexes can enjoy playing soft tennis because the racket and ball are light.

paragraphs: Tennis came to Japan from England in about 1880's.

paragraphs: In Japan, people were not able to make good hard ball those days. Imported balls were expensive. Therefore Japanese people used a rubber ball.


title: Botan nabe

paragraphs: It has a lot of ingredients: boar meat, vegetables, root vegetables, mushrooms, konyaku, fu, and tofu.


title: Monster

paragraphs: A monster is any scary creature in fiction. They are usually found in legends or horror stories. They are often ugly and may make people and other creatures scared. They also eat people sometimes. A monster could be anything really, like a vampire or a witch or even a werewolf. Sometimes these creatures aren't bad or monsters as you would say because some protect other people. Anyhow anything can be a monster or a creature including you.


title: Denmark Strait

paragraphs: The Denmark Strait or Greenland Strait is an oceanic strait between Greenland (to its northwest) and Iceland (to its southeast). The Norwegian island of Jan Mayen is northeast of the strait.

paragraphs: It connects the Greenland Sea, an extension of the Arctic Ocean, to the Irminger Sea, a part of the Atlantic Ocean. It is long and miles wide at its narrowest.

paragraphs: During World War II, the Battle of the Denmark Strait took place on 24 May 1941.

paragraphs: It is the widest strait of the world found in the American continent.


title: Hudson Strait

paragraphs: Hudson Strait links the Atlantic Ocean to Hudson Bay in Canada. It is between Baffin Island and the northern coast of Quebec. Its eastern entrance is Cape Chidley and Resolution Island. It is long. Its width varies from at its largest point, to a minimum of .

paragraphs: The strait was discovered by explorer Henry Hudson in the year 1609. It was long thought to be the fabled Northwest Passage.


title: Kara Strait

paragraphs: The Kara Strait or Kara Gates is a 56 km (35 mi) wide channel of water between the southern end of Novaya Zemlya and the northern tip of Vaygach Island. This strait connects the Kara Sea and the Barents Sea in northern Russia.

paragraphs: The Kara Strait was an important waterway in the early exploration of the Northern Sea Route.


title: Variable Antshrike

paragraphs: The Variable Antshrike (Thamnophilus caerulescens) is a species of bird in the Thamnophilidae family found most in South America. It is (as its name) arguably the species of antbird with the most variable plumage. This leads to claims that it includes more than one species, but evidence suggests that this is incorrect.

paragraphs: The Variable Antshrike is found mostly in eastern and southern Brazil. It is also seen in Pernambuco and Alagoas. From southern Brazil, its range spreads through Uruguay, Paraguay, northern Argentina, Bolivia, and along the eastern slope of the Andes in Peru, as far north as the Amazonas Region.

paragraphs: It has many habitats, but most of it is found in foothills in north-eastern Brazil, and does not live in lands higher than 2600 meters (8500 ft).


title: Horned lizard

paragraphs: The Horned Lizard lives in dry areas and deserts of North America. The female horned lizard lays her eggs in a hole in the ground.

paragraphs: The horned lizard eats mostly ants or other crawling insects.

paragraphs: The horned lizard has strong armor to protect it from its enemies. It has pointed scales, as well as horns behind its head.


title: White-backed vulture

paragraphs: The White-backed Vulture is a bird of the family Accipitridae which also includes eagles and hawks. They live in the African grasslands. They eat the leftovers of big cats. After their meal, they clean their feathers well so that they are always in good flying condition.


title: Checker-throated Antwren

paragraphs: The Checker-throated Antwren ("Epinecrophylla fulviventris") is a small passerine bird in the antbird family. As its name, the males have throats with a black and white "checkered" pattern. The Checker-throated Antwren is the only member of the genus that lives in the west of the Andes. The species is found from Honduras south to northern Colombia and to western Ecuador.


title: White-flanked Antwren

paragraphs: The White-flanked Antwren ("Myrmotherula axillaris") is a passerine bird in the antbird family. It is the only antwren with white flank patches. Vieillot named the species in 1817. Because it has a large range, it does not reach the status of vulnerable.


title: Black-hooded Antshrike

paragraphs: The Black-hooded Antshrike (Thamnophilus bridgesi) is a species of bird in the Thamnophilidae family.

paragraphs: It is found in Costa Rica and Panama. As its name, males are mostly black, with three rows of well-marked white spots on the wings. However, females are usually brown, and only its tail is black.


title: 3D (album)

paragraphs: 3D is the final studio album by American girl group TLC. It was released on November 12, 2002 by Arista Records. This was six months after Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes died. The album debuted at number six on the "Billboard" 200 chart. 143,000 copies of "3D" were sold in the first week of release. It was then certified Platinum by the RIAA for shipping 1,000,000 copies in the United States. The album was given two Grammy Awards nominations.


title: Alejandro Fernández

paragraphs: Alejandro Fernández () (born April 24, 1971) is a Mexican singer. He was nicknamed "El Potrillo" (The Colt) by the media and fans. He has sold over 30 million albums worldwide. Alejandro is the son of ranchera singer Vicente Fernández. Alejandro sings Mexican folk music. These include mariachi and ranchera music.

paragraphs: Alejandro Fernández has performed with artists such as Plácido Domingo, Marc Anthony, José Carreras, Chayanne, Amaia Montero, Joan Sebastian, Gloria Estefan, Malú, Julio Iglesias, Patricia Kaas, Miguel Bosé, Mario Frangoulis, Ednita Nazario, Yuri, Franco De Vita, Diego El Cigala, Nelly Furtado and Beyoncé Knowles.


title: Banda Los Recoditos

paragraphs: Banda Los Recoditos is a Mexican band. The members of the group formed the band in Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico.

paragraphs: In 1989, Banda Los Recoditos wad formed by a group of students. The band's name came from Banda el Recodo. This was because they were children of the band members from Banda el Recodo, a Mexican band formed by Cruz Lizárraga. Lizárraga invited the boys to perform at a birthday party for José Ángel Espinoza Ferrusquilla, a family friend. After they were done singing, everyone was amazed at their talents. This helped them realize their love for music.

paragraphs: They started out by singing in celebrations in Mazatlan and other neighborhoods close by. They began to become popular among the people in the city. The band recorded their first album "A Bailar de Cabllito". This album helped the band to tour in the United States, where they were asked to play. After the released, Pancho Barraza, and Alfonso Lizárraga joined Banda el Recodo.

paragraphs: In 1998, the band renamed their name to "Banda Vuelta De Rio". Alfonso Lopez had wanted to change the name. They recorded three independent albums. In 2001, they changed their band's name to "Banda Los RCS" (Banda Ritmo Con Sabor Sinaloense). However, in 2004, they changed their band name again to their original band name.

paragraphs: Carlos Perez, Luis Angel Franco, and Carlos Sarabia joined the band in 2004. They began recording Regional Mexican music. This was popularized by young Mexicans. In 2005, was given an award "Popular Breakthrough of the Year" at the Premios Oye!. This was for their third album "Si No Existieras". In 2006, the band recorded an album with their parent's group Banda el Recodo called "Dos Generaciones". In 2010, the band released "¡Ando Bien Pedo!" their first major album. It reached to number one on the "Billboard" Top Latin Albums chart. The single, which is the same name, reached number one on the Hot Latin Tracks chart as well. On September 19, 2010, Luis Angel Franco announced that the band is working on a new album. They released it in 2011 under the title "A Toda Madre".


title: Genchū

paragraphs: Genchū (元中) was a Japanese era name (年号, "nengō", lit. year name) of the Southern Court during the Nanboku-chō period after "Kōwa". This was the last Southern Court era. This period started in April 1384 and ended in October 1392. During this time, the monarch in Yoshino until 1392 was .. Until 1392, the pretender in Kyoto was After 1392, Go-Komatsu was the 100th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.


title: Chayanne

paragraphs: Elmer Figueroa Arce (born June 28, 1968 ) is a Puerto Rican Latin pop singer. He is best known by his stage name Chayanne. He has released 21 studio albums. He has also sold over 30 million albums worldwide. Figueroa's nickname "Chayanne" was given to him by his mother. This was because he liked the 1960s television series "Cheyenne". In the 1970s, Chayanne tried out for Menudo. The producers told him that he was too young to be in the group. Because of this, he joined another group called Los Chicos (the guys). They recorded several hit singles. These include "Puerto Rico Son Los Chicos" and "Ave Maria", which would later be recorded by Beyoncé Knowles. After the group separated in 1984, Chayanne started his solo career.

paragraphs: Chayanne signed with RCA Ariola. He released his first album "Chayanne es mi Nombre" (1984). His second album with RCA, "Sangre Latina" was released in April 1986. On May 5, 1987, Chayanne switched to Sony Music Latin. His self-titled album was released in that same year. The album features "Peligro de Amor" and "Fiesta en América" which ranked on the "Billboard" Hot Latin Tracks charts. On Noviember 1, 1988, Chayanne released another self-titled album. After its release, Pepsi wanted him to be their spokesperson. On August 7, 1990, his album "Tiempo de Vals" was given a Grammy Award nomination. Chayanne has also been in several TV programs since 1984.


title: Marc Anthony

paragraphs: Marco Antonio Muñiz (born September 16, 1968), is an American singer-songwriter, actor, and producer. He is best known by his stage name Marc Anthony. Anthony is the top selling tropical salsa artist of all time. He has won two Grammy Awards and three Latin Grammy awards. He has also sold over 12 million copies worldwide. He is best known for his Latin salsa songs and ballads.

paragraphs: Anthony has won a lot awards. He won the 2009 Congressional Hispanic Caucus Institute (CHCI) Chair's Award. In 2009, he won the 2009 CHCI Chair's Lifetime Achievement Award. Marc Anthony holds the record for having the most number one singles on the "Billboard" Tropical Songs chart. Marc Anthony is also the owner of the Miami Dolphins NFL team.

paragraphs: Anthony worked with ex-wife Lopez and director-choeographer Jamie King in late 2011 on a Latin talent series created by Simon Fuller, called "Q'Viva! The Chosen". It follows Lopez and Anthony as they travel across 21 countries to find new talent.

paragraphs: In 1994, Anthony's ex-girlfriend Debbie, a NYC police officer, gave birth to their daughter Ariana.

paragraphs: Marc married former Miss Universe Dayanara Torres on May 9, 2000. They have two sons. The marriage ended in October 2003.

paragraphs: Anthony married Puerto Rican actress and singer Jennifer Lopez on June 5, 2004. This was less than a week after his divorce. They had twins in 2008. Anthony filed for divorce on April 9, 2012.

paragraphs: He was raised Roman Catholic. Anthony is a Democrat and attended the 2012 Democratic National Convention in support of President Obama's re-election.


title: Romeo Santos

paragraphs: Anthony "Romeo" Santos (born July 21, 1981) is an American singer. Romeo was the lead singer of the Bachata group Aventura. As part of Aventura, Romeo became an important figure for making Bachata music popular. His songs were on the top of the "Billboard" Hot Latin Tracks charts and the top of music charts in Europe. In 2002, the band's song "Obsesión" was at number one in Italy for 16 weeks.

paragraphs: Romeo was born in The Bronx, New York. His father is Dominican while his mother is Puerto Rican. When he was 12 years old, Romeo was a member of the church choir. On May 9, 2011, Romeo released his lead single "You" from his first album. The song debuted at number one on the Hot Latin Tracks and Tropical Songs chart. The second single, "Promise" a duet with Usher, reached number one on both charts as well.


title: Songs in A Minor

paragraphs: Songs in A Minor is the first studio album by American singer Alicia Keys. It was released on June 5, 2001 by J Records. Alicia Keys was signed with Colombia Records after she graduated high school. She recorded an album in 1998. Colombia Records did not like the album and did not release it. The contract with Colombia Records ended. This was because of a dispute with the label. Alicia Keys then signed a contract with Clive Davis. Keys is a classically-trained pianist. She used her pianist talents to produced and arranged her music. The album was named "Songs in A Minor". However, only one song "Jane Doe" is in the key of A minor.

paragraphs: When the album was released, it was given positive reviews from music critics. Most of the reviews praised Keys mix of old school jazz and contemporary R&B and soul music. Keys was compared to artists such as Aretha Franklin, Stevie Wonder, Billie Holiday, Prince and Lauryn Hill. The album was given a lot awards. These include five Grammy Awards. "Songs in A Minor" debuted at number one on the "Billboard" 200 chart. It sold 236,000 copies the first week. It has sold 6.2 million copies in the United States and 12,000,000 copies worldwide. "Rolling Stone" magazine named "Songs in A Minor" the second best album of 2001. However, they list it at number 95 on its list of the best albums of the 2000s decade.


title: Global dimming

paragraphs: Global dimming is the slow decrease in the irradiance at the Earth's surface. Irradiance is the power of electromagnetic radiation per unit area. One of the possible causes of global dimming is pollution. It affects the water cycle by decreasing evaporation and by decreasing the rain in some areas. Global dimming also causes the earth to cool down. This cooling effect may cover the effect of greenhouse gases caused by global warming.

paragraphs: Air pollutants absorb solar energy and reflect sunlight back into space. The pollutants can also become the core for cloud droplets. Water droplets in clouds fuse around the pollutants. More pollutants create clouds with more number of smaller droplets. The smaller droplets make clouds to reflect more light. This causes more sunlight to be reflected back into space and less light reaches the Earth's surface.

paragraphs: Clouds stop the heat from both going in and out from the earth. This process is complex and it changes according to the time, location and the height above the sea level. During the day, more sunlight stops from going in. This cools down the Earth. During the night, the heat in earth stops from going out. This slows down the heat from going out the earth.

paragraphs: Volcanic ash can also stops the sunlight from going in and out from the earth. Decreases in the earth's temperatures are observed after large volcanic eruptions. Some examples are the eruptions of Mount Agung in Bali that erupted in 1963, El Chichon (Mexico, 1983), Ruiz (Colombia, 1985), and Mount Pinatubo (Philippines, 1991). Even for large eruptions, the ash clouds do not stay for a long time.

paragraphs: Global dimming is harming the water cycle of the earth. It reduces the rain, which is very important for the fresh water. In 2001, researchers did a study at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. The research suggested that the pollutants have a bad effect on the water cycle. Another global dimming event happened in 2006 in northern hemisphere during hurricane season. The NASA study found that the big dust storms happened in Sahara Desert during June and July cause the dust to go over the Atlantic Ocean. The dust forms a cover over the ocean and causes it to cool down. This reduces the hurricanes' development.


title: Barefoot in the Park (movie)

paragraphs: Barefoot in the Park is a 1967 American romance comedy movie. It was directed by Gene Saks, produced by Hal B. Wallis and written by Neil Simon. It is based on Simon's 1963 play Barefoot in the Park. It is set in Greenwich Village, Manhattan, New York City. It stars Robert Redford and Jane Fonda as newlywed couple Paul and Corie Bratter. Paul is a conservative attorney and Corie is free-spirited.


title: San Cristóbal

paragraphs: San Cristóbal is the Spanish name of Saint Christopher. It is a common geographical name. It could refer to any of the following:


title: Interior design

paragraphs: Interior designing is a process that can turn interior (inside) spaces into an effective setting (environment) suitable for people's activities and functions.

paragraphs: An interior designer is a person who creates a solution of any interior space. Also, he works on layout spaces of building and technical issues such as lighting, sounds, and temperature (air ducts).

paragraphs: Important things in interior designing include color balancing (matching colors), understanding how colors affect space and moods, knowledge of fabrics, building and electrical codes, and styles and trends.

paragraphs: These steps are required for an interior designer to do a perfect job.

paragraphs: There are specific types of interior design and specializations. Some types of interior design are residential design, commercial design, hospitality design, healthcare design, universal design, exhibition design, and spatial branding.

paragraphs: The designer tries to help customers look after their needs at home, their personality, and style and goals which make the home more comfortable. The designer should dose what the home needs, such as security and convenience.

paragraphs: Commercial interior designers design public spaces such as office buildings, community centers, museums, hotels, stores, warehouses, and libraries. In commercial design the designer has to create an environment that includes function and aesthetics. A commercial interior designer's work includes selecting paint colors, choosing artwork, accounting for acoustics and lighting, picking appropriate furniture, and placing all these together in the manner most appropriate to the venue. Recently commercial interior designers have worked with indoor plants and agro-inventions such as the Grofie Greenwall, which allows firms to bring a tropical forest, vegetable or herb garden right into the office, in order to reconnect office workers with nature.

paragraphs: It is very important to get the office environment just right, and a commercial interior designer ensures just that. They ensure that the office looks aesthetically appealing, promotes a good work culture and radiates productivity. All this is important for a business owner to have their employees feel focused and confident in what they are doing. That's why an office should be feel like a home far from home. Your employees spent almost 8 to 9 hours a day in your office, if your office is not comfortable for them. They can't do their work with 100% productivity. To make your office more productive you need an office interior designer, who can design your office for more productivity and allow your employees to feel comfortable in your office. Furthermore, it is quite important for companies which frequently have clients over for consults, meetings and more. This way, they can establish a strong image of the company in the face in their face even before their meeting’s begun.

paragraphs: Hospitality designers design the places which have any relationship between guest and host such as hotels. This includes the reception and entertainment of guests, visitors or strangers, resorts, membership clubs, conventions, attractions, special events, and other services for travelers and tourists.

paragraphs: Healthcare design is related to hospitals and how to make a good space to make the patient and staff very comfortable. Healthcare designers compare the evidence-based design with evidence-based medicine; that knowledge can help ensures that future healthcare facilities are built to improve clinical outcomes. In addition, a deeper understanding of the relationship between the built environment and quality of care will help ensure that healthcare facilities are designed to meet the diverse needs of patients, families, and staff.

paragraphs: Universal design is the design for all people around the world and to creating environments and products those are usable by all people to the greatest extent possible.

paragraphs: There are many different types of exhibit, ranging from museum exhibitions to retail and trades show spaces, to themed attractions, zoos, and visitor centers. All types of exhibits aim to communicate a message through engaging their audiences in meaningful and compelling interactions. Use a wide range of technologies and techniques to develop experiences that will resonate with diverse audiences–enabling these targeted audiences to access the messages, stories, and objects of an exhibit.

paragraphs: Apart from designing an empty apartment or home, an interior designer is also responsible for space management that not only lets any individual walk properly but also gives them a functional home.


title: Joey Harrington

paragraphs: Joey Harrington (born October 21, 1978) is an American retired football player. He played as a quarterback for the Atlanta Falcons in the NFL. Harrington also played for the Detroit Lions and the Miami Dolphins.

paragraphs: Harrington was born in Portland, Oregon.


title: Strait of Hormuz

paragraphs: The Strait of Hormuz is a narrow, strategically important strait between the Gulf of Oman in the southeast and the Persian Gulf. On the north coast is Iran and on the south coast is the United Arab Emirates and Musandam, an exclave of Oman.

paragraphs: The strait at its narrowest is wide. Around 20% of the world's oil passes through the strait.

paragraphs: On 18 April 1988, the U.S. Navy had a one-day battle against Iranian forces in and around the strait. The battle, called Operation Praying Mantis by the U.S. side, was started in retaliation for the 14 April mining of the USS "Samuel B. Roberts" (FFG-58) by Iran. U.S. forces sank one frigate, one gunboat, and as many as six armed speedboats in the engagement and seriously damaged a second frigate.

paragraphs: On 3 July 1988, 290 people were killed when an Iran Air Airbus A300 passenger jet was shot down over the strait by the United States Navy guided missile cruiser USS "Vincennes".

paragraphs: On 8 January 2007, the nuclear submarine USS "Newport News", traveling submerged, hit M/V "Mogamigawa", a 300,000-ton Japanese-flagged very large crude tanker, south of the strait. There were no injuries, and no oil leaked from the tanker.

paragraphs: A series of naval stand-offs between Iranian speedboats and U.S. warships in the Strait of Hormuz occurred in December 2007 and January 2008. U.S. officials said Iran was harassing and provoking their naval vessels. Iranian officials said this was not true.

paragraphs: On 29 June 2008, the commander of Iran's Revolutionary Guard, Ali Mohammed Safari, said that if Iran were attacked by Israel or the United States, it would close off the Strait of Hormuz. This would be bad for the oil markets. The US said that such an action by Iran would be an act of war. The U.S. would not allow this.

paragraphs: In the last week of July 2008, in the Operation Brimstone, dozens of U.S. and foreign navy ships prepared for battle in the shallow waters off the coast of Iran.

paragraphs: As of 11 August 2008, more than 40 U.S. and allied ships were on the way to the Strait of Hormuz. There would be a total of five battle groups, not counting submarines.

paragraphs: On 20 March 2009, United States Navy Hartford collided with the New Orleans in the strait. The collision slightly injured 15 sailors aboard the Hartford. It opened a fuel tank aboard the New Orleans, spilling of marine diesel fuel.

paragraphs: On 27 December 2011, Iranian Vice President Mohammad-Reza Rahimi said Iran would stop oil supply from the Strait of Hormuz should Iran be limited in their oil exports.

paragraphs: On 3 January 2012, Iran threatened to take action if the U.S. Navy moves an aircraft carrier back into the Persian Gulf.

paragraphs: On 7 January 2012, the United Kingdom said that it would be sending the Type 45 destroyer to the Persian Gulf. "Daring", which is the lead ship of her class is said to be one of the "most advanced warships" in the world. The ship will have its first mission in the Persian Gulf. The British Government said that this move has been long-planned, as "Daring" will replace another Armilla patrol frigate.

paragraphs: On 9 January 2012, Iranian Defense Minister Ahmad Vahidi said that Iran would not close the Strait of Hormuz.

paragraphs: By 23 January, a flotilla was made by countries against Iran's threats to close the Hormuz Strait. These ships were in the Persian Gulf and Arabian Sea off the coast of Iran.


title: Alan Ball (screenwriter)

paragraphs: Alan Ball (born May 13, 1957) is an American writer, movie director and producer. He was born in Atlanta, Georgia and is openly gay.

paragraphs: Ball wrote "American Beauty", for which he won an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award. He created, wrote and produced "Six Feet Under" (for which he won an Emmy Award) and "True Blood".


title: Randy Foye

paragraphs: Randy Foye (born September 24, 1983) is an American basketball player. He played for the Oklahoma City Thunder and Los Angeles Clippers. Foye was selected with the seventh overal pick in the NBA Draft 2006. In 2007, Foye was selected for the NBA All-Rookie First Team.


title: Korea Strait

paragraphs: The Korea Strait (, "Daehan Haehyeop"), also known as the Tsushima Strait, is a narrow body of water between Japan and South Korea. The name is used in two ways. It identifies the sea between Korea and Tsushima Island; and it is also used generally to describe the wider ocean area between Korea and the island of Kyushu.

paragraphs: The strait links the East China Sea and the Sea of Japan in the northwest Pacific Ocean. Tsushima Island is between the western channel (Korea Strait) and the eastern channel (Tsushima Strait).

paragraphs: The northern shore of the strait is the southern coast of the Korean peninsula. Depending on usage, the southern shores of the strait may mean the western coast of Tsushima or it may mean the western coasts of Kyūshū and Honshū.

paragraphs: The strait is about wide and averages about 90 to 100 meters (300 ft) deep.

paragraphs: The western channel is deeper (up to 227 meters) and narrower than the eastern channel.

paragraphs: A warm current ("Tsushima-kairyū") runs through the straight from south to north.


title: Makassar Strait

paragraphs: Makassar Strait is a strait between the islands of Borneo and Sulawesi in Indonesia. To the north it joins the Celebes Sea. To the south it meets the Java Sea. The Mahakam River of Borneo empties into the strait.

paragraphs: Ports along the strait include Balikpapan in Borneo, and Makassar and Palu in Sulawesi. The city of Samarinda is 48 km (30 mi) from the strait, along the Mahakam.

paragraphs: The strait is a common shipping route for ships too big to fit through the Straits of Malacca.


title: The Tale of the Heike

paragraphs: This conflict is also known in the Genpei War (1150-1185).

paragraphs: This long story has been translated into English at least five times, including

paragraphs: An abridged translation by Burton Watson was published in 2006.


title: Mozambique Channel

paragraphs: The Mozambique Channel is a part of the Indian Ocean. Its between the Somali Sea to the north, the island nation of Madagascar in the east, and Mozambique in the west. It was the place of the World War II Battle of Madagascar. The channel is about 460 km across at its narrowest point between Angoche, Mozambique, and Tambohorano, Madagascar. The channel reaches a depth of 3,292 m (10,800 feet) about 230 km off the coast of Mozambique.


title: Strait of Otranto

paragraphs: The Strait of Otranto connects the Adriatic Sea with the Ionian Sea. It separates Italy from Albania. Its width at Punta Palascìa, east of Salento is less than . The strait is named after the Italian city of Otranto.

paragraphs: During World War I, the strait was of strategic importance. The Allied navies of Italy, France, and Great Britain kept the Austro-Hungarian Navy from freely entering the Mediterranean Sea.

paragraphs: In 1997 and 2004, nearly 100 people lost their lives trying to illegally cross the strait. This was following the 1997 unrest in Albania and poor economic conditions in the Tragedy of Otranto and the Karaburun tragedy.

paragraphs: In 2006, the Albanian government said that motor-powered sailing boats could not sail on all lakes, rivers, and seas of Albania. This was to prevent organized crime. Government owned boats, foreign owned boats, fishing boats, and jet boats are still allowed. In 2010, the rule was extended for 3 more years, until 2013.


title: Palk Strait

paragraphs: Palk Strait is a strait between the Tamil Nadu state of India and the Mannar district of the Northern Province of Sri Lanka. It connects the Bay of Bengal in the northeast with the Palk Bay and then with the Gulf of Mannar in the southwest. The strait is wide. Several rivers flow into it, including the Vaigai River of Tamil Nadu. The strait is named after Robert Palk. He was a governor of Madras Presidency (1755-1763) during the Company Raj period.

paragraphs: On the southern end of the strait is a chain of low islands and reef shoals. These are called Adam's Bridge. This chain goes between Dhanushkodi on Pamban Island and Mannar Island in Sri Lanka.

paragraphs: The shallow waters and reefs of the strait make it difficult for large ships to pass through.


title: Sinergia

paragraphs: Sinergia is a experimental music band, formed in 1994 in Santiago, Chile. The band released five studio albums, one DVD, thirteen music videos, two extended plays and one demo. The Sinergia's music experiments alternative rock, avant garde metal, funk rock, funk metal, ska, alternative metal, progressive rock, electronic rock, nu metal, and also punk rock, rockabilly and folk rock in their music.


title: Byron, Georgia

paragraphs: Byron is a city in Peach County, Georgia, United States. A small part of the city goes into Houston County. The population was 2,887 at the 2000 census.

paragraphs: Byron is home to the Middle Georgia Raceway. The racetrack was host to the Atlanta International Pop Festival in 1970. The festival was the largest gathering in Georgia history until the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta.

paragraphs: Byron is 90 miles south of Atlanta, 16 miles south of Macon and 10 miles from the Peach County seat of Fort Valley.


title: Peep Show (TV series)

paragraphs: Peep Show is a British television sitcom starring David Mitchell and Robert Webb. It ran from 19 September 2003 - 16 December 2015. It was created by Andrew O'Connor, Jesse Armstrong and Sam Bain. It was written by Armstrong, Bain and Simon Blackwell. Mitchell won a BAFTA Award for his role.

paragraphs: Mitchell plays Mark Corrigan, Webb plays Jeremy Usborne. They are two young men who share a flat in Croydon, London. They are friends despite being very different to each other. Much of the show's humour is about the difference between the two central characters.

paragraphs: Mark is conservative, studious, intelligent, hard-working, frugal, socially awkward and loves history. He is a loan manager for the first five series.

paragraphs: Jeremy is unemployed, irresponsible, dishonest, lazy, promiscuous bisexual and hedonistic. From series 1 - 7 he attempts to become a professional musician. In series 8 and 9 he is a life coach.


title: Porsche Club Hohensyburg

paragraphs: The Porsche Club Hohensyburg is an organization of Porsche enthusiasts in Germany.

paragraphs: Is the first fan-club of cars Porsche. It was founded on May 26, 1952 in Westphalia.


title: Chinoiserie

paragraphs: Chinoiserie refers to elements in European art that are influenced by Chinese arts. Some of the most prominent examples of Chinoiserie can be found in royal palaces in Europe, such as the Drottningholm Palace in Sweden and Tsarskoye Selo in Russia.


title: Chloroacetic acid

paragraphs: Replacing one hydrogen atom of acetic acid with a chlorine one yields Chloroacetic acid. Chloroacetic acid is used in industrial chemical processes, for example in the production of dyes. It was used as poison gas in the First World War, as a so-called Yellow Cross agent. It is still used to treat warts today. Chloroacetic acid is a very strong acid that causes immediate damage to the skin. Exposing between 5% and 10% of the skin to a solution of 80% chloroacetic acid will lead to death.

paragraphs: Chloroacetic acid,industrially also known as Monochloroacetic acid (MCA or MCAA) is a white or pale yellow crystal chemical with irritant smell mainly used in manufacturing a variety of products including herbicides, pharmaceuticals, anesthetics, tranquilizers and amphoteric surfactants as one of the fine chemical intermediates.


title: Wester Ross

paragraphs: Wester Ross is part of the Scottish county of Ross and Cromarty. It is in the northwest highlands. It has some of the most spectacular scenery in Great Britain, and is a tourist attraction.

paragraphs: Wester Ross is geographically the western watershed of Ross-shire. Administrative and political boundaries have been changed a number of times.

paragraphs: The mountains are made of a very old Precambrian rock known as the Torridonian sandstone formation. It was laid down in the Neoproterozoic era.


title: Desertion

paragraphs: Desertion is a military word which means a soldier has left his position without permission. The soldier does not plan on returning. The term Absence Without Leave (AWOL) can also be used, but is usually used where the soldier does intend to return. Usually a soldier who has been AWOL for more than 30 days is listed as a deserter. Deserting is treated as a serious offense; military law usually provides for the death penalty. The last United States soldier executed for desertion was Eddie Slovik in 1945. No U.S. soldier has been given more than 18 months in prison for desertion during the Iraq War.


title: New Revised Standard Version

paragraphs: The New Revised Standard Version (NRSV) is an English translation of the Holy Bible. It was released in 1989 in the United States. It is a revision of the Revised Standard Version. It is a formal translation and its editors tried to make it accurate. There are several editions of the NRSV. These include editions with the Apocrypha, Catholic editions, and Anglicized editions which use British spelling and grammar.


title: Torridonian

paragraphs: The Torridonian is a sedimentary sandstone which sits on top of the earliest rocks in Scotland. The map shows the sandstone as orange: it is on the western edge of the mainland, and on part of Skye. Geographically, this is part of the district of Wester Ross.

paragraphs: The sandstone is the earliest sedimentary rock in this part of the world. Under it lies much older gneiss known as the Lewisian complex. All the rock under the sandstone is igneous and metamorphosed igneous rock.

paragraphs: The sandstones are red beds laid down by rivers and lakes in a landscape of low rocky hills. A great thickness of red sandstone, brought in by rivers, buried the old hills. This took place in the Proterozoic, 1,200 to 544 million years ago (mya). There are older and younger sandstone groups, with a long period between them. The lower sandstone is a breccia, with broken fragments of earlier rocks.

paragraphs: As a result of later periods of rifting and mountain-building, some of the Torridian sandstone lies under the sea, and some of it is uplifted into mountains.


title: Henry Hill

paragraphs: Henry John Hill Jr (June 11, 1943 - June 12, 2012) was an American mafioso. He was born and raised in Brooklyn, New York City. His mother was Sicilian and his father was Irish. Hill was a member of the Mafia from 1955 until he went into the Witness Protection Program in 1980. He later left the Program. He was a violent robber, extortionist and drug dealer. He was a compulsive gambler and drug addict who served prison sentences. He married Karen (née Friedman) in 1965. The couple had a son and daughter and divorced in 2002. Hill died in hospital in Los Angeles, California from a heart attack, aged 69. Hill's children survive him.

paragraphs: Hill's life was the basis of Nicholas Pileggi's book Wiseguy. This was later used as the basis for movie "Goodfellas", in which Ray Liotta played Hill.


title: Zheng Zhihua

paragraphs: Zheng Zhihua (, born 14 November 1961 in Taipei) is a Taiwanese singer. His songs were very popular in both mainland China and Taiwan during 1990s. His most famous song are "Seaman" () and "Stars lamps" ().


title: Knife Party

paragraphs: Knife Party is an Australian electronic dance music duo. Their first EP was "100 % No Modern Talking", which was released on December 12, 2011 through Beatport. Knife Party was founded by Rob Swire and Gareth McGrillen from the band Pendulum. On May 28, 2012, Knife Party's second EP, "Rage Valley" was released. Their single "Antidote" (Swedish House Mafia vs. Knife Party) was their most successful release so far. It debuted at Number 4 in the UK Singles chart.


title: Azuchi, Shiga

paragraphs: The town is known for the ruins of Azuchi Castle. The castle was built by Oda Nobunaga in the 16th century. The castle was destroyed after Nobunaga's death by Akechi Mitsuhide in 1582; and only ruins remain.

paragraphs: On March 21, 2010, Azuchi merged with the city of Ōmihachiman.


title: Ray Liotta

paragraphs: Raymond Allen Liotta (born December 18, 1954) is an American actor and movie producer. He was born and raised in Newark, New Jersey. He was adopted when he was six months old. His movie roles include: Ray Sinclair in "Something Wild", Shoeless Joe Jackson in "Field of Dreams", Henry Hill in "Goodfellas", Officer Pete Davis in "Unlawful Entry" and Detective Lieutenant Henry Oak in "Narc". He won an Emmy Award for his role in "ER".

paragraphs: One of Liotta's earliest roles was as Joey Perrini on the soap opera "Another World". He appeared on the show from 1978 to 1981. In his first movie he infamously sexually assaulted Pia Zadora with a garden hose in the cult classic "The Lonely Lady". In 1987, he earned his first Golden Globe nomination for "Something Wild". In 1989, he costarred, along with Kevin Costner, in the fantasy/drama movie, "Field of Dreams". Liotta was Shoeless Joe Jackson, the ghost of the famed baseball player. In 1990, Liotta was real-life mobster Henry Hill in Martin Scorsese's movie "Goodfellas". In 1992, he costarred, along with Kurt Russell and Madeleine Stowe, in the thriller "Unlawful Entry" as a psychopathic cop. He also had a leading role in Sci-Fi/Action movie "No Escape". Liotta earned more praise for James Mangold's movie "Cop Land", starring alongside Sylvester Stallone, Robert De Niro and Harvey Keitel. In 1998, he received praise the crime movie "Phoenix".

paragraphs: In addition to his movie roles, Liotta was singer Frank Sinatra in the 1998 TV movie "The Rat Pack". He received a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination for this role. He provided the voice of Tommy Vercetti for the 2002 video game "". He received an Independent Spirit Award nomination and a Phoenix Film Critics Society Awards nomination for Best Supporting Male for the movie "Narc". He then reunited with director James Mangold in 2003 alongside John Cusack and Alfred Molina in the dark horror-thriller "Identity". He also narrated "Inside the Mafia" for the National Geographic Channel in 2005. He appeared with John Travolta in the movie "Wild Hogs" and with Johnny Depp in the 2001 movie "Blow".

paragraphs: In 2011, he starred in The Son of No One, opposite Channing Tatum and Al Pacino. Liotta's recent movies include "Date Night" with Steve Carell, "Charlie St. Cloud" with Zac Efron, the independent drama "Snowmen", and "The River Sorrow", which stars Liotta as a detective alongside Christian Slater and Ving Rhames.

paragraphs: Liotta married actress Michelle Grace in February 1997. Their daughter, Karsen, was born in December 1998. The couple divorced in 2004. Liotta currently lives in Pacific Palisades, California.


title: Meiji Shrine

paragraphs: After the emperor's death in 1912, the Diet of Japan voted to commemorate his role in the Meiji Restoration.

paragraphs: Work began on the shrine in 1915. It was formally dedicated in 1920; and it was completed in 1921.

paragraphs: The grounds of the shrine were finished by 1926. Trees in the park were donated by people from all parts of Japan.

paragraphs: Until 1946, the Meiji Shrine was in the .


title: Margaret Sanger

paragraphs: Margaret Sanger (September 14, 1879–September 6, 1966) born Margaret Hennessy Higgins, was the founder of Planned Parenthood. She was a leading birth control activist, feminist, nurse, and sex educator. Her father was Irish. She helped finance biologist Gregory Pincus's creation of the birth control pill. She married twice, first to architect William Sanger, then to J. Noah Slee, a South African born oil tycoon.


title: Leaves of Grass

paragraphs: Leaves of Grass is a collection of poetry by American writer Walt Whitman (18191892). The collection was first printed on July 4, 1855 in Brooklyn at a Fulton Street printing shop. About 800 copies were printed. The book was 95 pages long and had 12 poems. Whitman paid for this first printing. The book did not sell well.

paragraphs: Whitman added material to "Leaves of Grass" and revised the book many times during his life. The most famous poems in the book are "Song of Myself", "I Sing the Body Electric", "Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking", and "When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd". The collection praised the human body, the material world, nature, and the experience of the senses at a time when poetry focused on religious experience and the life of the spirit.


title: Calamus

paragraphs: "Calamus" is a group of poems in Walt Whitman's "Leaves of Grass". They are about gay love or, in Whitman-speak, "the manly love of comrades". The Calamus poems have their seeds in a group of poems called "Live Oak with Moss". Whitman wrote these poems before or in the spring of 1859. They were printed with other poems in the 1860 third edition of "Leaves of Grass" to form a group of 45 poems about gay love. The "Live Oak" poems seem to be about relations between the Whitman and a male lover. Whitman sees the love of comrades as the backbone of all nations, the root of religious sentiments, the source of personal anguish and joy, and the answer to the big questions of life. The Calamus ("Acorus calamus", or Sweet Flag) root is shaped like a phallus and has connections with a mythological story about gay lovers.


title: Mount Isa, Queensland

paragraphs: Mount Isa is a city in the north west region of Queensland, Australia. In June 2006 there 18,857 people living in the city. and 31,000 in the region. Mount Isa began in the 1920s as a mining town. Mount Isa Mines (MIM) is one of the most productive mines in the world, producing lead, silver, copper, and zinc.


title: Khonsu

paragraphs: Khonsu is the god of the moon, moonlight, and time in Egyptian mythology. In the beginning of the gods, he gambled time with the sky goddess Nut. The goddess Nut won so many times that she could then add five days to the calendar. These days were called the "devil days". Khonsu's father is Amun, and his mother is Mut.


title: Copycat (movie)

paragraphs: Copycat is a 1995 American psychological thriller movie. It was directed by Jon Amiel, produced by Arnon Milchan and Mark Tarlov and written by Ann Biderman and David Madsen.

paragraphs: It is set in San Francisco, California. It stars Sigourney Weaver as criminal psychologist Dr. Helen Hudson and Holly Hunter as police detective M.J. Monahan. Dermot Mulroney plays her work partner, detective Reuben Goetz. Harry Connick, Jr. plays Daryll Lee Cullum and William McNamara plays Peter Foley. Cullum is imprisoned early in the movie for murder and for attacking Hudson. As a result of the attack, she has agoraphobia and posttraumatic stress disorder. Foley is a serial killer who is committing murders in the ways that they were done by notorious serial killers.


title: The Piano

paragraphs: The Piano is an award-winning 1993 romantic drama movie which stars Holly Hunter and Harvey Keitel. This drama is about a mute pianist and her daughter in 19th century New Zealand. The score for the piano by Michael Nyman became a bestselling soundtrack album.

paragraphs: "The Piano" was a commercial and critical success, grossing more than $40 million, against its $7 million budget. At the 66th Academy Awards, "The Piano" won three awards: Best Actress for Hunter, Best Supporting Actress for Paquin, and Best Original Screenplay. Paquin, who at the time was 11 years old, is the second youngest Oscar winner ever. The film won the Palme d'Or and a Best Performance Prize for Holly Hunter at the 1993 Cannes Film Festival.


title: The Firm (1993 movie)

paragraphs: The Firm is a 1993 American legal thriller movie. It stars Tom Cruise and Holly Hunter and was directed by Sydney Pollack. The thriller is based on a novel of the same name by author John Grisham.

paragraphs: Critical reaction to "The Firm" was mostly positive. The movie got a 76% rating at Rotten Tomatoes.


title: Hash table

paragraphs: A hash table is one type of tool for storing information. In computer science, these tools for keeping track of information, or data, are called data structures.

paragraphs: A hash table is a data structure that uses a hash function to keep track of where data is put.

paragraphs: Each piece of information to be stored has a name, which is called a key. For example, a key might be a person's name. Each name is matched up to one piece of data called a value, like the person's telephone number.

paragraphs: The data is kept in another data structure called an array, which is like many boxes, or buckets, in a row to hold data. Each box has a number starting from 0 and counting up.

paragraphs: The idea behind a hash table is to figure out which box to put data by using only its name. This means, no matter how many boxes are filled up, you can always find information quickly if you have its name. The hash table uses a hash function to figure out which number to put data in from its name. The hash function reads a name and gives back a number.

paragraphs: A good Hash Table will always find information at the same speed, no matter how much data is put in. A lot of Hash Tables also let the user put key/value pairs (a name and its data) in and take them out at the same speed.

paragraphs: Because of this, Hash Tables can often find information faster than other tools, such as search trees or other table lookup structure. As a result, they are used in many kinds of computer software. They are used most for associative arrays, databases, caches, and sets.


title: Andy Griffith

paragraphs: Andy Samuel Griffith (June 1, 1926  – July 3, 2012) was an American stage, movie, and television actor. He also produced and directed. He was a singer and a writer. He starred in the 1957 movie "A Face in the Crowd". He also starred in the 1958 movie "No Time for Sergeants". His television series are "The Andy Griffith Show" and "Matlock".

paragraphs: Griffith was born on June 1, 1926 in Mount Airy, North Carolina, the only child of Carl Lee Griffith and his wife, Geneva (née Nunn). He studied at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He was the father of two children. He was married three times.

paragraphs: Griffith once sued a man named William Fenrick after Fenrick legally changed his name to "Andy Griffith" because Fenrick ran for town sheriff. The use of his name angered Griffith, but soon afterwards the lawsuit was dropped. Fenrick lost the election.

paragraphs: In 1986, Griffith suffered from Guillain–Barré syndrome and could not walk for 7 months. Griffith received the Presidential Medal of Freedom on November 9, 2005. Griffith died on July 3, 2012 of a heart attack in Manteo, North Carolina, aged 86.


title: Honeyeater

paragraphs: The honeyeaters are a large family of small to medium sized birds which feed on nectar. They are most common in Australia and New Guinea, but are also found in New Zealand, the Pacific islands as far east as Samoa and Tonga, and the islands to the north and west of New Guinea. Bali, on the other side of the Wallace Line, has a single species.

paragraphs: Honeyeaters and the Australian chats (Epthianura) make up the family Meliphagidae. In total there are 182 species in 42 genera. About half of them live in Australia, and many of the others are from New Guinea. Although honeyeaters look and behave much like other nectar-feeding birds around the world (such as the sunbirds and flowerpeckers), they are not related.

paragraphs: There is an important partnership between honeyeaters and Australian flowering plants. A great many Australian plants are fertilised by honeyeaters, particularly the Proteaceae, Myrtaceae, and Epacridaceae. It is known that the honeyeaters are important in New Zealand as well, and scientists believe they are just as important in other areas.

paragraphs: Unlike the hummingbirds of America, honeyeaters do not usually hover (beat their wings fast to stay in the same air space). However, smaller members of the family do hover hummingbird-style to collect nectar from time to time. Usually honeyeaters move quickly from perch to perch in the outer leaves, stretching up or sideways or hanging upside. Many honeyeaters have a highly developed brush-tipped tongue, covered with bristles which soak up liquids readily. The tongue is flicked rapidly and repeatedly into a flower, the upper mandible then squeezes liquid out when the bill is closed.

paragraphs: As well as nectar, all or nearly all honeyeaters take insects and other small creatures, usually by catching them in the air, sometimes by picking them off plants. A few of the larger species, such as the white-eared honeyeater, and the strong-billed honeyeater of Tasmania, search under bark for insects. Many species also eat fruit, and a small number eat large amounts of fruit, particularly in tropical rainforests and in semi-arid scrubland. The painted honeyeater is a mistletoe specialist. Most, however, live on a diet of nectar and insects. In general, the honeyeaters with long, fine bills eat more nectar, the shorter-billed species less so, but even specialised nectar eaters like the spinebills take extra insects to add protein to their diet when they are breeding.

paragraphs: The movements of honeyeaters are poorly understood. Many follow the flowering of favourite food plants. Arid zone species appear to travel further and less predictably than those of the more fertile areas. It seems probable that no single explanation will emerge: the general rule for honeyeater movements is that there is no general rule.


title: S.F.W.

paragraphs: S.F.W. is a 1994 American thriller film based on Andrew Wellman's novel. It stars Reese Witherspoon, Stephen Dorff and Amber Benson.


title: Damage (1992 movie)

paragraphs: Damage is a 1992 British melodramatic thriller. It was directed by Louis Malle. It is based on the novel "Damage" by Josephine Hart. Juliette Binoche is in the cast. "Damage" was originally rated NC-17, though was edited downwards to an R rating. The plot is about a politician who falls in love with his son's girlfriend.

paragraphs: Miranda Richardson was nominated for an Academy Award and won a BAFTA in the category of Best Supporting Actress.


title: Human microbiome

paragraphs: The human microbiome (or human microbiota) is the collection of microorganisms which live on us. They live on the skin, in the saliva and mouth, in the eyes, and in the gut and the rest of the gastrointestinal tract. They include bacteria, archaea, fungi and single-celled eukaryotes ('protozoa'). Everyone carries around far more of these microbes than the number of human cells in the body. The human body has about 100 trillion cells, and carries about ten times as many microorganisms "in the intestines alone".

paragraphs: The microbiome is "the ecological community of commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganisms that literally share our body space". The term was originally coined by Joshua Lederberg. He thought the microorganisms living in the human body in health and disease were important. Many scientific articles distinguish "microbiome" and "microbiota" to describe either the collective genomes of the microorganisms that live in an environmental niche or the microorganisms themselves, respectively. However, by the original definitions these terms are largely synonymous.

paragraphs: Some of these organisms are useful for humans. However, most have no known effect. They are just symbionts: they live with us. Those which are expected to be present are members of the "normal flora". Under normal circumstances they do not cause disease, but may even help our health. Studies in 2009 asked whether our health is damaged if we reduce this biota. This is certainly the case with gut flora.

paragraphs: Although "flora" refers to plants rather than bacteria, the term 'gut flora' is widely used and familiar to biologists. 'Biota' refers to the total collection of organisms in an ecosystem. The term 'microbiota' is best for bacteria and other microorganisms, but no doubt 'flora' will often be used.

paragraphs: The microbes being discussed are generally non-pathogenic (do not cause disease unless they grow abnormally); they exist in harmony and symbiotically with their hosts.

paragraphs: Researchers have learned that much of the population of microbes found in the human body are not bacteria but a very old class of single-celled organisms called archaea. They include methanogens which produce methane and may cause flatulence.


title: Salafi

paragraphs: A Salafi is a Muslim who thinks Islam should be practiced the way the first few generations of Muslims did. The term is also used to talk about certain teachings of Sunni Islam that are based on "conservative" ideals. Muhammad Abduh (1849-1905) was an Islamic scholar who thought that the values of Islam were compatible with a modern lifestyle. He is often labeled as a Salafi. Another scholar, Ibn Taimiya (1263-1328) is often seen as the father of modern radicalised Islamism. He said that the teachings of Islam were not compatible with certain modern interpretations, such as Sufism. Fundamentalist Islamic people, especially in the West, are often identified as Salafi.


title: Hard Boiled

paragraphs: Hard Boiled is a 1992 action crime thriller movie from Hong Kong. John Woo is the thriller's director. The movie stars Chow Yun-fat as Inspector "Tequila" Yuen, Tony Leung Chiu-Wai as Tony, an undercover cop, and Anthony Wong as Johnny Wong, a leader of criminal triads. "Hard Boiled" received mixed to positive reviews from the critics.

paragraphs: Woo liked Clint Eastwood's and Steve McQueen's characters from their films "Dirty Harry" and "Bullitt". He wanted to make his own Hong Kong-style "Dirty Harry" police detective film.

paragraphs: "Hard Boiled" was released on April 16, 1992 in Hong Kong. The film grossed HK$19,711,048, which was not as strong as Woo's previous action films "A Better Tomorrow" or "The Killer". At the 12th Hong Kong Film Awards, David Wu and John Woo won the award for "Best Film Editing". Tony Leung was nominated for "Best Supporting Male Actor", but lost the award to Liu Kai-Chi in "Cageman". The North American premiere of "Hard Boiled" was in September 1992 at the Toronto International Film Festival. At the premiere the audience response was very positive with people stomping their feet and yelling at the screen. This reception surprised producer Terence Chang who did not expect such a positive reaction. "Hard Boiled" received wide release in the United Kingdom on October 8, 1993.


title: 2010–11 Fußball-Bundesliga

paragraphs: The 2010-11 Fußball-Bundesliga was the 48th season of the Fußball-Bundesliga, Germany's top football league. The season started on August 21, 2010 and ended on May 14, 2011. The defending champions were FC Bayern Munich. The Bundesliga also changed its logo this season.

paragraphs: Below are the top 5, and the lowest 5 teams in the 2010/11 season. As you can see, Borussia Dortmund, Bayer Leverkusen, Bayern Munich, Hannover 96 and FSV Mainz 05 all did well in the league and were allowed to play in either the UEFA Champions League, or the UEFA Europa League.

paragraphs: Also, Borussia Mönchengladbach went to the relegation play-off, and Eintracht Frankfurt and FC St. Pauli were relegated. Schalke 04 were allowed to play in the UEFA Europa League play-off round. Schalke 04 made it all the way to the Quarter-Finals in the 2011-12 UEFA Europa League.

paragraphs: Borussia Mönchengladbach won the relegation play-off match against VfL Bochum and stayed in the Fußball-Bundesliga for the 2011/12 season.


title: Hatchet

paragraphs: A Hatchet is a special axe that can be used with one hand. It can be used as a tool, for example to cut wood, or as a weapon. Hatchets have been in use since the Mesolithic. The use of hatchets is typical for the Neolithic.Hatchets are often carried by hikers because they can be used to chop woob or kindling for a fire. In shape a hatchet looks like a tohmahawk but they are often a bit smaller and have thicker blades.


title: Outnumbered

paragraphs: Outnumbered is a British sitcom shown on BBC One. It began on 28 August 2007 and is partly improvised. It is about the Brockmans, a middle-class family of five who live in a house in suburban south London. Hugh Dennis plays the father, Pete, who is a history teacher. Claire Skinner plays the mother, Sue, who is a part-time personal assistant. Tyger Drew-Honey plays the elder son, Jake, whose main interest is teenage girls. Daniel Roche plays the younger son, Ben, who has attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Ramona Marquez plays the daughter, Karen, who is intelligent and asks a lot of questions.

paragraphs: "Outnumbered" was nominated for the 2008 ""Broadcast" Award" for "Best Comedy Programme". It lost the award to "The Thick of It".

paragraphs: The show was given the "British Comedy Guide Editors' Award" in The Comedy.co.uk Awards 2007 and the "Best Returning British TV Sitcom" in The Comedy.co.uk Awards 2008, beating "Peep Show" by six votes.

paragraphs: In 2009, it won the Royal Television Society Award for "Scripted Comedy", and two Broadcasting Press Guild Awards in the same year: "Best Comedy/Entertainment" and the "Writer's Award". "Outnumbered" also won 3 awards at the 2009 British Comedy Awards: Best Sitcom, Best British Comedy and Best Female Newcomer for Ramona Marquez.

paragraphs: At the National Television Awards in 2011, Outnumbered was nominated for Best Comedy but lost out to "Benidorm". It was nominated again the following year and won.


title: Lindisfarne Gospels

paragraphs: The Lindisfarne Gospels is an Illuminated manuscript book of the gospels. It was made at a monastery off the coast of Northumberland at Lindisfarne, about 700 AD.

paragraphs: The manuscript is now on display in the British Library. It is one of the finest works in the style which is called insular art. This combines Mediterranean, Anglo-Saxon and Celtic elements. At this time, Britain and Ireland shared a style which was different from that of the rest of Europe.

paragraphs: The Lindisfarne Gospels are thought to be by Eadfrith, a monk who became Bishop of Lindisfarne in 698 and died in 721. The Gospels are richly illustrated, and were originally in a fine leather binding covered with jewels and metals. During the Viking raids on Lindisfarne, this cover was lost, and a replacement was made in 1852. The text is written in a hand known as 'insular script'.

paragraphs: In the 10th century an Old English translation of the Gospels was written word-for-word between the lines of the Latin text. It was done by Aldred, Provost of Chester-le-Street. This is the oldest translation of the Gospels into English that we have. The Gospels may have been taken from Durham Cathedral during the Dissolution of the Monasteries, ordered by Henry VIII. In the 18th century the book was given to the British Museum. From there it went to the British Library when this was split off from the British Museum.


title: Lists of World Heritage Sites

paragraphs: A World Heritage Site is a place that is listed by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as of special cultural or physical significance.


title: Dormant volcano

paragraphs: Dormant volcanos are the volcanoes that are quiet, but might possibly erupt again.

paragraphs: It is difficult to distinguish active and inactive volcanos.

paragraphs: For example, some scientists have described Mount Fuji as dormant or inactive. That volcano has been dormant since its last eruption in 1707, but is also classified as active. The Geological Survey of Japan lists Mount Fuji as among the active volcanoes on the island of Honshu.

paragraphs: Some volcanoes may remain dormant for a long time; and an eruption is a surprise.

paragraphs: Before 79 AD, Vesuvius was considered dormant.

paragraphs: Before 1991, the Pinatubo volcano in the Philippines was labeled as dormant.

paragraphs: Before 1995, the Soufrière Hills volcano on the island of Montserrat was dormant.

paragraphs: Before 1980, Mt. St. Helens in the United States was dormant.

paragraphs: There are many examples of volcanoes which are considered dormant.


title: Book of Kells

paragraphs: The Book of Kells is an illuminated manuscript in Latin of the four Gospels of the New Testament together with some extra texts and tables.

paragraphs: It was created by Celtic monks about 800 AD or slightly earlier. The text of the Gospels is mostly taken from the Vulgate bible, and it has several passages from earlier versions of the Bible, such as the Vetus Latina. It is a masterwork of Western calligraphy. and Ireland's finest national treasure.

paragraphs: The illustrations and ornamentation of the Book of Kells are outstanding. The decoration combines traditional Christian iconography with the ornate swirling motifs typical of the art of the British Isles. Figures of humans, animals and mythical beasts, and Celtic knots and interlacing patterns in vibrant colours, enliven the manuscript's pages. Many of these minor decorative elements have Christian symbolism.

paragraphs: The manuscript today is 340 folios (separate sheets, written on one side). Since 1953, it has been bound in four volumes. The leaves are on high-quality calf vellum. There are ten full-page illustrations, and text pages that are vibrant with decorated initials and interlinear miniatures. The writing of the text itself appears to be the work of at least three different scribes. The colours used were gathered from many substances, some of which were imports from distant lands.

paragraphs: The manuscript takes its name from the Abbey of Kells which was its home for centuries. Today, it is on permanent display at the library of Trinity College, Dublin. The library usually displays two of the four volumes at a time, one showing a major illustration and the other showing a typical text page.

paragraphs: In 1951, the Swiss publisher Urs Graf Verlag Bern produced the first facsimile of the Book of Kells. Most of the pages were reproduced in black-and-white photographs, and the edition also had 48 colour reproductions, including all of the full-page decorations.

paragraphs: Under licence from the Board of Trinity College Dublin, the art publishers Thames and Hudson produced a second facsimile edition in 1974. This edition had all the full-page illustrations in the manuscript and a section of text page ornamentation, with some enlarged details of the illustrations. The reproductions were all in full colour.

paragraphs: By 1986, Swiss publisher Faksimile-Verlag had a process that used gentle suction to straighten a page so that it could be photographed without touching it. They got permission to publish a new facsimile. After each page was photographed, a single-page facsimile was prepared so the colours could be carefully compared to the original and adjustments made where necessary. The completed work was published in 1990 in a two-volume set containing the full facsimile and scholarly commentary. One copy is held by the Anglican Church in Kells, on the site of the original monastery.

paragraphs: In 1994, Bernard Meehan, Keeper of Manuscripts at Trinity College Dublin, produced an introductory booklet on the Book of Kells, with 110 colour images of the manuscript.

paragraphs: A digital copy of the manuscript was produced by Trinity College in 2006. A rare copy of the Book of Kells can also be seen for free at The Little Museum of Dublin.


title: Cher Lloyd

paragraphs: Cher Lloyd (born 28 July 1993) is a British singer and rapper. She has several hit songs, including "Want U Back". Lloyd became famous when she finished fourth in the seventh series of "The X Factor".

paragraphs: Lloyd's first single "Swagger Jagger" was released in June 2011. Even though the song received mixed reviews, the single entered at number one on the UK Singles Chart and number two on the Irish Singles Chart. Her second single "With Ur Love" was released on 31 October 2011. It features Mike Posner, and reached number four in the UK, and number five in Ireland. Her first album "Sticks and Stones" peaked at number four in the UK Albums Chart and at number seven on the Irish Albums Chart. "Sticks and Stones" was released on 4 November 2011, in Europe, and produced three singles, "Swagger Jagger", "With Ur Love" featuring Mike Posner, and "Want U Back" featuring Astro, respectively. A re-release for North America was released on 2 October 2013, producing three singles as well. The singles released were "Want U Back", "Oath" featuring Becky G, and "With Ur Love". Lloyd released her second album, "Sorry I'm Late" on 27 May 2014. "Sorry I'm Late" only produced two singles - "I Wish" featuring T.I. and "Sirens". Lloyd was signed to Universal Music Group in early 2015, and is currently working on her third studio album. She married Craig Monk at a private ceremony on 18 November 2014.


title: Guy Pearce

paragraphs: Guy Edward Pearce (born 5 October 1967) is an Australian actor and musician. He was born in Ely, Cambridgeshire to a New Zealander father and English mother. He moved to Geelong, Victoria, Australia, when he was three. His television roles include Mike Young in "Neighbours" from 1986-1989 and "Mildred Pierce", for which he won an Emmy Award. His movie roles include: Ed Exley in "L.A. Confidential" and Leonard Shelby in "Memento".

paragraphs: He has been married to Kate Mestitz, a psychologist, since March 1997. He is a long-standing supporter of the Geelong Football Club in the Australian Football League. Pearce does not believe in God but believes "we're all connected."


title: British Academy Film Awards

paragraphs: The British Academy Film Awards are an annual award show hosted by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA). It is the British of the Oscars. As of 2008, it happens in the Royal Opera House, in London. Before, it was at the Odeon cinema in Leicester Square. The 65th British Academy Film Awards took place on 12 February 2012.

paragraphs: BAFTA was formed in 1947 as The British Film Academy, by David Lean, Alexander Korda, Carol Reed, Charles Laughton, Roger Manvell and others. In 1958, the Academy merged with The Guild of Television Producers and Directors to form The Society of Film and Television. This became The British Academy of Film and Television Arts in 1976.

paragraphs: BAFTA is supported by a membership of around 6,000 people from the movie, television and video game industries.

paragraphs: The Academy's awards are look like a theatrical mask. They were designed by American sculptor Mitzi Cunliffe in 1955.

paragraphs: The ceremony used to take place in April or May. Starting in 2002 it takes place in February in order to be before the Oscars. The awards are mostly open to all nationalities. There is an award for "Outstanding British Film" and "Outstanding Debut by a British Writer, Producer or Director". The Short Film and Short Animation awards are also only for UK movies.

paragraphs: The Awards ceremony is broadcast on British television, usually the day after it has taken place. It is mostly broadcast on BBC One.


title: Hollywood Boulevard

paragraphs: Hollywood Boulevard is a street in Hollywood, California. The street starts at Sunset Boulevard in the east and running northwest to Vermont Avenue. There it turns out and runs due west to Laurel Canyon Boulevard.


title: DeScribe

paragraphs: Shneur Hasofer (), better known by his stage name DeScribe (Hasofer is Hebrew for "the scribe"), is a Hasidic Jewish musician. His music Mixing elements of dancehall, reggae, hip hop and R&B.

paragraphs: DeScribe was born in Sydney, Australia, to a Hasidic Jewish family. His mother, Devorah Hasofer, is a known singer/songwriter who has released four albums and mostly performs in the Hasidic communities in Australia and Israel. He is a drummer from the age of five and in his preteen years he participated in the recordings of his mother's albums and performed with her as a special guest.

paragraphs: At the age of 14, Hasofer's parents sent him to Jerusalem to study in a yeshiva. He spent a year in the yeshiva. After that he stayed in Israel, "left the Jewish way of life and did a lot of stupid things." Many of the things he did were illegal. His family's move to Beitar Illit in 1998 did not help stop his wildness.

paragraphs: In 2000, at age 17, DeScribe joined the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) as a combat sharpshooter (a kind of semi professional sniper). He served for three years at the height of the Second Intifada. He saw intense action on almost a daily basis. After being discharged, he stayed in Israel. He organized a concert tour featuring affiliates of the Wu-Tang Clan Remedy and Killah Priest, gaining an inside view of the hip hop scene.

paragraphs: Around 2004, he began to feel a strong desire to leave his bad lifestyle and return to a religious one. “I started to change the way I thought and behaved and in Judaism I found something that was real that brought happiness to a dark place in my life,” he has said. In 2006, he moved to Brooklyn to attend Tifferet Menachem. There he was given permission to set up a music studio inside the yeshiva.

paragraphs: In 2008, after an early music video was picked up by the Israeli media, he was invited to play the Highline Ballroom in New York with Perry Farrell. Shortly after that, he had met Rohan Marley (Bob Marley’s son) by chance on the streets of New York City. Marley later asked DeScribe to create the theme song for his company, Marley Coffee. Marley Coffee supports environmental and social justice causes in Jamaica and around the world. DeScribe came up with "Livin’ for the Grind," inspired by Bob Marley’s 1962 single "One Cup of Coffee."

paragraphs: DeScribe’s 2010 single “Harmony” was celebrated as a great message for unity and racial harmony by Brooklyn borough president Marty Markowitz, to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the Crown Heights riot.

paragraphs: In early 2011, DeScribe worked with Matisyahu on the dancehall track "Pure Soul". The proceeds from the song benefit The Friendship Circle, a nonprofit organization that helps children with disabilities.

paragraphs: "My music is about unity," DeScribe has said, "and we all have one God whether we are Jewish, Christian or Muslim. We are brothers and we share this world together."


title: University of Siena

paragraphs: The University of Siena (, UNISI) is in Siena, Italy. It was created in 1240. It is one of the oldest European universities and the 4th oldest in Italy. As of 2011, the university had about 17,290 students.