title: Black Hawk County, Iowa

paragraphs: Black Hawk County is a county in the northeastern part of U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2010 census, the population was 131,090, making it Iowa's fourth-most populous county. The county seat is Waterloo. The county was founded on February 17, 1843 and named after Black Hawk, a Sauk leader during the 1832 Black Hawk War.


title: Victor, Iowa

paragraphs: Victor is a city in Iowa in the United States.


title: Villisca, Iowa

paragraphs: Villisca is a city in Iowa in the United States.


title: Vincent, Iowa

paragraphs: Vincent is a city in Iowa in the United States.


title: Volga, Iowa

paragraphs: Volga is a city in Iowa in the United States.


title: Anson, Maine

paragraphs: Anson is a town in Somerset County, Maine, United States. The population was 2,511 at the 2010 census. It includes the villages of Anson and North Anson.


title: Shelby County, Iowa

paragraphs: Shelby County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. In the 2010 census, 12,167 people lived there. The county seat is Harlan.


title: Madison County, Iowa

paragraphs: Madison County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. In the 2010 census, 15,679 people lived there. The county seat is Winterset.


title: Williamsburg, Iowa

paragraphs: Williamsburg is a city in Iowa County, Iowa, United States. The population was 3,068 at the 2010 census. Aviation pioneer Eugene Ely was born outside Williamsburg.


title: Waverly, Iowa

paragraphs: Waverly is a city in Iowa in the United States. The population was 9,874 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Bremer County.

paragraphs: The sister city of Waverly is the German city of Eisenach, which is famous for the Wartburg castle.


title: IUCN Red List of Ecosystems

paragraphs: The IUCN Red list of Ecosystems (RLE) is a global framework to monitor and document the status of ecosystems. Its main aim is to support the conservation and the use of resources. It is hoped to evaluate all ecosystems by 2025.

paragraphs: The Red List of Ecosystem was developed by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). They also created the  Red List of Threatened Species™; a global frame to monitor the level of risk of animal and plant species.


title: Moscow City Duma

paragraphs: The Moscow City Duma (, "Moskovskaya Gorodskaya Duma") is the Russian regional parliament in Moscow, the unicameral City Duma (city council, a local parliament) of the Russian capital city of Moscow.


title: High Plains (United States)

paragraphs: The High Plains are a subregion of the Great Plains. They are the western part of the Great Plains before the region reaches the Rocky Mountains.

paragraphs: The High Plains are in southeastern Wyoming, southwestern South Dakota, western Nebraska, eastern Colorado, western Kansas, eastern New Mexico, western Oklahoma, and south of the Texas Panhandle. They are mostly in the Western United States, but also partly in the Midwest states of Nebraska, Kansas, and South Dakota.

paragraphs: Geologically, the high plains are caused by the same process as caused the Rockies. The cause is the westward movement of North America away from Eurasia, which has been going on for over 100 million years. As the continent moved west, it subducted plates under the western side, and stretched out its eastern side. This explains why the western states all have some mountainous terrain, and the eastern states in the south are so low-lying.

paragraphs: From east to west, the High Plains rise in elevation from around to over . The High Plains has a "cold semi-arid" climate—Köppen "BSk"—they get between of precipitation annually.

paragraphs: Due to low moisture and high elevation, the High Plains get extremes of temperature. The temperature range from day to night is usually , and 24-hour temperature shifts of are possible.

paragraphs: In Browning, Montana from January 23, 1916 to January 24, 1916, the temperature fell from . This is the world record for the greatest temperature change in 24 hours. The region is known for the steady, and sometimes intense, winds that come from the west. These add a considerable wind chill factor in the winter. The development of wind farms in the High Plains is one of the latest areas of economic development.

paragraphs: The High Plains has one of the lowest population densities of any region in the continental United States; Wyoming, for example, has the second lowest population density in the country after Alaska.


title: Koch's postulates

paragraphs: Koch's postulates are four ideas about the relationship between a microbe and a disease.

paragraphs: The postulates were made by Robert Koch and Friedrich Loeffler in 1884, based on earlier ideas of Jakob Henle. They were refined and published by Koch in 1890.

paragraphs: Koch applied the postulates to cholera and tuberculosis, but they have been used for other diseases. These postulates were made before viruses were discovered. Also, they did not realise that some people were "asymptomatic carriers": they could carry the disease without showing signs of it. The postulates are little used today. Other criteria are used, for example the Bradford Hill criteria for infectious diseases in modern public health.


title: Ralph Wolfe Cowan

paragraphs: Ralph Wolfe Cowan (December 16, 1931 – September 4, 2018) was an American portrait artist. He painted more reigning monarchs and heads of state than any artist in history. He was born in Phoebus, Virginia.

paragraphs: Cowan died in West Palm Beach, Florida on September 4, 2018 at the age of 86.


title: Salawat Gallyamov

paragraphs: Salawat Abdrakhmanovich Gallyamov (December 24, 1959 – September 5, 2018) was a Russian linguist and researcher. He was a supporter of the theory of the Turanian origin of the Bashkir people.

paragraphs: Gallyamov himself used the shape of the 'bashkord' for the name of the people. He was known for his research in the field of the epics and myths of the peoples of Eurasia and the connections and linguistic connections of the Bashkir language with some ancient and modern languages of the world.

paragraphs: Gallyamov died in Ufa, Russia on September 5, 2018 at the age of 59.


title: Wahpeton, Iowa

paragraphs: Wahpeton is a city in Iowa in the United States.


title: Prime Minister of Abkhazia

paragraphs: The Prime Minister of Abkhazia is the head of government of the Republic of Abkhazia. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President.

paragraphs: While the Presidency was held by one man – Vladislav Ardzinba – from 1994 to 2005, the position of Prime Minister changed hands a number of times during that time.

paragraphs: It was created with the November 1994 adoption of the Constitution of Abkhazia, and Gennady Gagulia was appointed to the position in January 1995.


title: Walford, Iowa

paragraphs: Walford is a city in Iowa in the United States.


title: Vining, Iowa

paragraphs: Vining is a city in Iowa in the United States.


title: Wadena, Iowa

paragraphs: Wadena is a city in Iowa in the United States.


title: Walker, Iowa

paragraphs: Walker is a city in Iowa in the United States.


title: Gennadi Gagulia

paragraphs: Gennadi Leonidipa Gagulia (, ; 4 January 1948 – 8 September 2018) was an Abkhazian politician. He was three-time Prime Minister of Abkhazia and the head of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry.

paragraphs: He was the first prime minister of Abkhazia after the post was created by the constitution in 1995, holding it until 1997. He returned to the post in 2002 and remained for several months into 2003, and held it for a final time in 2018, before dying in a car crash.

paragraphs: Gagulia was killed in a car crash outside the village of Myussera, Gudauta District on 8 September 2018, aged 70.


title: Wallingford, Iowa

paragraphs: Wallingford is a city in Iowa in the United States.


title: Wall Lake, Iowa

paragraphs: Wall Lake is a city in Iowa, in the United States.


title: Walnut, Iowa

paragraphs: Walnut is a city in Iowa in the United States.


title: President of Abkhazia

paragraphs: The position of President of Abkhazia was created in 1994.

paragraphs: Before the office of president was created the head of state position was known as the Chairman of Parliament between 1992 and the creation of the 1994 constitution.

paragraphs: Before the position of Chairman of Parliament, the highest office in Abkhazia was the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet.

paragraphs: The post would last from the declaration of sovereignty from the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic on 25 August 1990 until the outright declaration of independence on 23 July 1992.


title: Vladislav Ardzinba

paragraphs: Vladislav Ardzinba (, ; 14 May 1945 – 4 March 2010) was the first "de facto" President of Abkhazia.

paragraphs: Ardzinba led Abkhazia to "de facto" independence in the 1992–1993 War with Georgia, but its "de jure" independence from Georgia remained internationally unrecognised during Ardzinba's two terms as President from 1994 to 2005.

paragraphs: Ardzinba died at a Moscow hospital from a long-illness on 4 March 2018 at the age of 64.


title: Knoke, Iowa

paragraphs: Knoke is an unincorporated community of Iowa in the United States. It is in Calhoun County.


title: Washta, Iowa

paragraphs: Washta is a city in Iowa in the United States.


title: Alexander Ankvab

paragraphs: Aleksandr Ankvab ( ; , , ; born December 26, 1952) is an Abkhaz politician and businessman. He was President of Abkhazia from May 29, 2011, until his resignation on June 1, 2014.

paragraphs: Under President Sergei Bagapsh, he was Prime Minister from 2005 to 2010 and Vice-President from 2010 to 2011.

paragraphs: In April 2020, Ankvab became Prime Minister again during the Aslan Bzhania presidency.


title: Cherokee County, Iowa

paragraphs: Cherokee County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. In the 2010 census, 12,072 people lived there. The county seat is Cherokee.


title: Taylor County, Iowa

paragraphs: Taylor County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2010 census, the population was 6,317, making it the fourth-least populous county in Iowa. The county seat and largest city is Bedford. The county was founded in 1847 and named after General and President Zachary Taylor.


title: Waterville, Iowa

paragraphs: Waterville is a city in Iowa in the United States.


title: Valeri Bganba

paragraphs: Valeri Bganba (born 26 August 1953) is an Abkhazian politician. He is a former Speaker of the People's Assembly of Abkhazia. He was elected as speaker on 3 April 2012 and was replaced by Valery Kvarchia on 12 April 2017.

paragraphs: Bganba became acting President on 1 June 2014, after the resignation of Alexander Ankvab. On 25 September 2014 he was replaced by Raul Khajimba, the winner of the presidential elections on 24 August.

paragraphs: In September 2018, he became the 13th Prime Minister of Abkhazia.


title: Raul Khajimba

paragraphs: Raul Khajimba (, ; born 21 March 1958) is the 4th and current President of Abkhazia. He was elected in 2014 after the May Revolution.

paragraphs: Khajimba was also Chairman of the Forum for the National Unity of Abkhazia from 2010 to 2015. Khajimba was the Vice President (2005–2009), Prime Minister (2003–2004) and Defence Minister (2002–2003).

paragraphs: He ran for President four times until winning the 2014 election.


title: Gilbert Lazard

paragraphs: Gilbert Lazard ( – ) was a French linguist and iranologist. He was born in Paris. His works include the study of many Iranian languages, translations of classical Persian poetry, and research on linguistic typology. His works were mainly on morphosyntactic alignment. He also studied the Tahitian language.

paragraphs: On November 14, 1980, he was elected an ordinary member of the "Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres.

paragraphs: Lazard died in Paris on 6 September 2018 at the age of 98.


title: Jonas Algirdas Antanaitis

paragraphs: Jonas Algirdas Antanaitis (19 August 1921 – 9 September 2018) was a Lithuanian politician. He was a long term member of Seimas. He was born in Rimšiniai village, Pakruojis district, Lithuania.

paragraphs: He was arrested in 1944 and deported to Siberia. He returned to Lithuania in 1954, working as an engineer.

paragraphs: In 1995, Antanaitis became a member of Seimas

paragraphs: Antanaitis died on 9 September 2018 at the age of 97.


title: Frank Andersson

paragraphs: Frank Öivind Stefan Andersson (9 May 1956 – 9 September 2018), better known professorially as Frank Andersson was a Swedish wrestler and Olympian. He started in amateur wrestling. He won many world championship gold medals as well as a bronze medal at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. He was born in Trollhättan, Sweden.

paragraphs: He later became a professional wrestler with mixed success. He was also a television personality appearing on several Swedish reality and game shows.

paragraphs: Andersson died in Stockholm on 9 September 2018 from a lung infection complicated from heart surgery at the age of 62.


title: Beat Richner

paragraphs: Beat Richner (13 March 1947 – 9 September 2018) was a Swiss pediatrician and cellist. He was born in Zurich. He was the founder of children's hospitals in Cambodia. He created the Kantha Bopha Foundation in Zurich in 1992 and became its head. He and another expatriate oversee and run the predominantly Cambodian-manned hospitals.

paragraphs: As both a cellist and a medical doctor, Richner was known by patients, audiences, and donors as "Beatocello".

paragraphs: Richner died in a hospice near Zurich on 9 September 2018 at the age of 71.


title: Mr. Catra

paragraphs: Wagner Domingues Costa (November 5, 1968 – September 9, 2018), known professionally as Mr. Catra, was a Brazilian funk singer and actor. He was born in Rio de Janeiro. He was known in Brazilian pop culture for his large number of children, 32 total and having two wives. He was also known for his famous laugh at the beginning or ending of his songs.

paragraphs: In 1994, he released his first album "O Bonde dos Justos", recording the hit song "Life in the Chain". The songs of strong themes caught the attention of Warner Bros Music. In 1999, Warner Bros. helped Mr. Catra launch the CD "O fiel".

paragraphs: Mr. Catra died on September 9, 2018 from stomach cancer in São Paulo at the age of 49.


title: Hurricane Florence

paragraphs: Hurricane Florence was a major tropical cyclone, powerful and Cape Verde hurricane in the Atlantic that caused severe and extensive damage in the Carolinas in September 2018. The storm threatened the East Coast of the United States with major and catastrophic flooding, especially in the Carolinas. The sixth named storm, the third hurricane, and the first major hurricane of the 2018 Atlantic hurricane season. Florence first came off from Africa as a tropical wave on August 30, 2018.

paragraphs: On August 31, the tropical wave became a tropical depression. It became Tropical Storm Florence on September 1, 2018.

paragraphs: The storm strengthened to a major hurricane on September 5, and then strengthened to a Category 4 hurricane with estimated maximum sustained winds of 130 mph later that day.

paragraphs: The state Governors of North Carolina, South Carolina and Virginia declared a state of emergency for each state. It was becoming evident that the hurricane might strike South or North Carolina as a major hurricane.

paragraphs: Florence later weakened to a strong tropical storm. However, the storm later strengthened back to a hurricane. This time, it strengthened to 140 miles per hour, stronger than it was before.

paragraphs: On September 10, 2018, mandatory evacuations were issued in certain parts of North Carolina, South Carolina and Virginia.

paragraphs: On September 11, 2018, tropical cyclone watches were posted for the North and South Carolina coastlines.

paragraphs: The storm made a slow landfall (7 km/h) on September 14 as a Category 1 hurricane. It had heavy rain. It took energy and water from the warm Gulf Stream near the coast for one day. When the storm was inland, it weakened to a tropical depression.

paragraphs: Florence had a wind speed of 140 mph and a central pressure of 939 millibars, but from post-analysis it had a wind speed of 150 mph.

paragraphs: Damage from Florence was estimated at $24 billion (2018 USD). There were 53 deaths from Florence.

paragraphs: On March 20, 2019, the World Meteorological Organization retired the name "Florence" due to severe and very expensive damage it caused along its track, particularly in the Carolinas, and it will never again be used for another Atlantic hurricane. It will be replaced with "Francine" for the 2024 season.


title: Illinois State Capitol

paragraphs: The Illinois State Capitol, located in Springfield, Illinois, it houses the legislative and the executive branches of the government of the U.S. state of Illinois.

paragraphs: The current building is the sixth to serve as the capitol since Illinois became a state in 1818. It was built in the architectural styles of the French Renaissance and Italianate. The total cost of the construction was $4,500,000.

paragraphs: Its tall central dome, and tower roofs, are covered in zinc to provide a silvery facade which does not weather.


title: Daniel Küblböck

paragraphs: Daniel Dominik Kaiser-Küblböck (27 August 1985 – disappeared on 9 September 2018) was a German pop-singer and actor. His popularity came from late 2002 until 2004. He was known for appearing in the first season of "Deutschland sucht den Superstar" (DSDS), the German version of "Pop Idol", in which he came third.

paragraphs: He was briefly promoted as Daniel K, but reverted to Daniel Küblböck as this name had already been trademarked.

paragraphs: In August 2004, the motion picture "Daniel – Der Zauberer" (Daniel The Wizard), which he starred in, was released as one of the worst movies of all time.

paragraphs: In 2005, he appeared in the German version of Big Brother, and in 2015, he took part in the eighth season of the German version of Let's Dance, where he finished sixth.

paragraphs: Küblböck was reported missing on 9 September 2018 after falling overboard at a cruise ship on the Labrador Sea near Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. The Canadian coast guard started a search operation on site and assisting. On 10 September 2018 the coast guard abandoned its search due to the slim chance of survival in the cold water.


title: Margaret Court

paragraphs: Margaret Court (née Smith; born 16 July 1942), also known as Margaret Smith Court, is a retired Australian tennis player and former world #1. In tennis, she won 24 major titles (11 in the open era). That is more than any other player in history.

paragraphs: She is currently a Christian minister in Perth, Western Australia.


title: Iris Apfel

paragraphs: Iris Apfel ("née" Barrel; born August 29, 1921) is an American businesswoman, interior designer, and fashion icon. She was born in Queens, New York City. She was Jewish.

paragraphs: Apfel studied at the University of Wisconsin.

paragraphs: Apfel took part in several design restoration projects, including work at the White House for nine presidents: Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon, Ford, Carter, Reagan, and Clinton.

paragraphs: In 2013, she was listed as one of the fifty "Best-Dressed over 50" by "The Guardian".

paragraphs: In 2018, Mattel created a Barbie doll in Apfel's image, making her the oldest person to ever have a Barbie made in her image.


title: Illiopolis, Illinois

paragraphs: Illiopolis is a village in Sangamon County, Illinois, United States. The population was 891 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Springfield, Illinois Metropolitan Statistical Area.

paragraphs: The name was formed from Illinois and -polis, a Greek suffix meaning "city".


title: Sangamon County, Illinois

paragraphs: Sangamon County is a county located in the center of the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2010 census, it had a population of 197,465. Its county seat is Springfield.


title: Cara Mund

paragraphs: Cara Mund (pronounced "car-uh"; born December 8, 1993) is an American beauty pageant title holder. In June 2017, she became Miss North Dakota 2017. On September 10, 2017, she was crowned Miss America 2018.

paragraphs: Mund was born in Bismarck, North Dakota. Since age 14, she has organized an annual fund raising fashion show benefiting the Make-A-Wish Foundation.

paragraphs: Mund has expressed interest in representing North Dakota in the state and United States Senate. She wants to also be the first woman elected Governor of North Dakota.


title: Nick Castle

paragraphs: Nicholas Charles Castle (born September 21, 1947) is an American screenwriter, movie director and actor. He was born in Los Angeles, California. Castle is known for his role as Michael Myers in "Halloween", directed by John Carpenter.

paragraphs: Castle also co-wrote "Escape from New York" with Carpenter.

paragraphs: Castle won a Saturn Award for Best Writing for "The Boy Who Could Fly" in 1987.

paragraphs: On December 20, 2017, it was announced that Castle would be reprising his role as Michael Myers in the new "Halloween" movie .


title: Jo-Carroll Dennison

paragraphs: Jo-Carroll Dennison (born December 16, 1923) is an American beauty pageant winner, actress and was Miss America 1942. She was raised in San Francisco, California. As Miss America during World War II, much of her time was spent visiting "defense plants, hospitals and service camps" and selling war bonds.

paragraphs: Dennison was also an actress in the 1940s. She had roles in "Winged Victory" and "The Jolson Story".

paragraphs: Dennison married comedian Phil Silvers in 1945. They divorced in 1950.


title: Florence, Arizona

paragraphs: Florence (O'odham: S-auppag) is a town, southeast of Phoenix, in Pinal County of Arizona, United States. Florence is the county seat of Pinal County. It is one of the oldest towns in that county and is regarded as a National Historic District.

paragraphs: The population of Florence was 30,770 at the 2015 census.


title: BeBe Shopp

paragraphs: BeBe Shopp (born August 17, 1930) is an American model, beauty pageant winner and was Miss America in 1948.

paragraphs: She used her pageant scholarship to attend the Manhattan School of Music. She specialized in the vibraharp, and graduated with a degree in percussion in 1952. She sang with Share the Music and the Cape Ann Symphony Chorus.

paragraphs: Shopp was active in community affairs, and headed the board of directors for Gloucester Stage Company.


title: Marilyn Van Derbur

paragraphs: Marilyn Elaine Van Derbur (born June 16, 1937) is the Miss Colorado 1957, 1958 Miss America pageant holder, author and motivational speaker.


title: Nia Franklin

paragraphs: Nia Imani Franklin (born July 27, 1993) is an American beauty pageant winner and Miss America 2019.

paragraphs: Born in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, Franklin moved to New York City in 2017.

paragraphs: In June 2018, she was crowned Miss New York 2018. On September 9, 2018, she was crowned Miss America 2019 in Atlantic City, New Jersey. For the talent portion she sang "Quando m'en vo''" from the opera, "La bohème".


title: Humayun Ahmed

paragraphs: Humayun Ahmed (13 November 1948 – 19 July 2012) was a Bangladeshi writer, dramatist and movie director. He was one of the leading Bengali language literary person of 20th century. He wrote over 200 fiction and non-fiction books. His first novel was "In Blissful Hell". It was published in 1972. His other notable writings are "Shonkhonil Karagar", "Josna O Jononir Golpo", "Kobi", "Moddhanho", "Badshah Namdar" and "Deyal". He won Bangla Academy Literary Award in 1981 and Ekushey Padak in 1994 for his contribution to Bengali literature.

paragraphs: Ahmed started making movie in the beginning of 1990s. "Aguner Parashmoni" (1994) was his first directed movie. He then made seven more movies. He received six National Movie Awards in different categories for his movies.

paragraphs: Ahmed was born in Kutubpur village of Kendua Upazila, Netrokona District. His father was Foyzur Rahman (1921-1971) and mother was Ayesha Foyez (1930-2014). Foyzur was a sub-divisional police officer. He was killed during the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971. Ahmed has two brothers and three sisters. Two of his younger brother Muhammad Zafar Iqbal is a writer and Ahsan Habib is a cartoonist. His sisters are Sufia Haider, Momtaz Shahid and Rukhsana Ahmed.

paragraphs: Ahmed started his career as a lecturer at Bangladesh Agriculture University in 1973. He wrote a short story "Sourav" this period. Then he shifted to University of Dhaka as a lecturer of chemistry department in 1974. This year, he published novel "Achinpur". This novel was published in "Bichitra" magazine's Eid volume.

paragraphs: On July 19, 2012, Ahmed died of colon cancer in New York City's Bellevue Hospital, aged 63.


title: Asymptomatic carrier

paragraphs: An asymptomatic carrier (healthy carrier or just carrier) is a person or other animal which has become infected with a pathogen, but who shows no signs or symptoms. Although unaffected by the pathogen themselves, carriers can transmit it to others.

paragraphs: Mary Mallon, known as "Typhoid Mary", was an asymptomatic carrier of "Salmonella" "enterica", the causative agent of typhoid fever. She worked as a cook for several families in New York City at the beginning of the twentieth century and she also cooked for the soldiers. Several cases of typhoid fever in members of those families were traced to her by the Health Department. It appeared that she "carried" the infectious agent without becoming sick. At the time, there was no way of eradicating the disease.


title: Tumhari Paakhi

paragraphs: Tumhari Paakhi is an Indian television Soap opera., created by Sumeet Hukamchand Mittal. It is produced by the Shashi Sumeet Productions. And writed by Saratchand Chattopadhyay. It is broadcast on Life OK wich will be premiered on 11 November 2013 to 21 November 2014. The show stars Shraddha Arya and Mohammed Iqbal Khan in lead roles.


title: Greylag goose

paragraphs: The greylag goose ("Anser anser") is a species of large grey goose in the waterfowl family Anatidae. It is the largest goose. Its distribution is widespread. Birds from the north of its range in Europe and Asia migrate south to spend the winter in warmer places.

paragraphs: It is the type species of the genus "Anser" and is the ancestor of the domestic goose. It has been domesticated at least since 1360 BC. The genus name is from "anser", the Latin for "goose".

paragraphs: Greylag geese travel to their northerly breeding grounds in spring, nesting on moorlands, in marshes, around lakes and on coastal islands. They normally mate for life and nest on the ground among vegetation. A clutch of three to five eggs is laid. The female incubates the eggs and both parents defend and rear the young. The birds stay together as a family group, migrating southwards in autumn as part of a flock, and separating the following year. During the winter they occupy semi-aquatic habitats, estuaries, marshes and flooded fields, feeding on grass and agricultural crops. Some populations, such as those in Southern England and in urban areas, are resident and occupy the same area year-round.


title: Kalyana Vaibhogam (TV series)

paragraphs: Kalyana Vaibhogam is an Indian Telugu-Language drama television series. It starred Meghana Lokesh and Sunny. Kalyana Vaibhogam broadcasted on Zee Telugu and now available on digital platform ZEE5 before TV telecast. The series premiered on 1 May 2017.

paragraphs: The series tells the story of Mangathayaru (Meghana Lokesh) and Nithya Srinivas (Meghana Lokesh) They are lookalikes with opposite behaviours. Mangathayaru's challenges in the Suryadevara family and the effects of the family curse on her form the remaining story.

paragraphs: Surya devara jai Surya family has a curse which is the cause of the ancestor of the family of the village devipuram. The preist of the temple believed the jamindar a lot. But,one day the priest s

paragraphs: ZEE5 launched all the episodes of Kalyana Vaibhogam, including latest episodes, on Zee5 website and Zee5 app under their “Before TV” service.


title: Water bird

paragraphs: A water bird is one who lives on or around water. It includes water fowl, sea birds, wading birds and shore birds. The term is quite useful in conservation biology for birds that live in or depend on bodies of water or wetland areas.


title: Euronymous

paragraphs: Øystein Aarseth (; 22 March 1968 – 10 August 1993), better known by his stage name Euronymous, was a Norwegian guitarist. Euronymous was a founder of and central figure in the early Norwegian black metal scene. He was a co-founder of the Norwegian black metal band Mayhem and was the only constant member from the band's formation in 1984 until his death in 1993. He was also founder and owner of the extreme metal record label Deathlike Silence Productions and record shop Helvete.

paragraphs: Euronymous professed to be a Satanist and was known for making extreme misanthropic statements. He presented himself as leading a militant cult-like group known as the "Black Metal Inner Circle".

paragraphs: In August 1993, he was murdered by fellow musician Varg Vikernes.

paragraphs: In early 1993, animosity arose between Euronymous and Vikernes, as well as between Euronymous and the Swedish black metal scene as a whole.

paragraphs: On the night of 10 August 1993, Vikernes and Snorre 'Blackthorn' Ruch drove from Bergen to Euronymous' apartment at Tøyengata in Oslo. Upon their arrival a confrontation began and Vikernes fatally stabbed Euronymous. His body was found on the stairs outside the apartment with 23 stab wounds – two to the head, five to the neck, and 16 to the back. Euronymous' murder was initially blamed on Swedish black metallers by the media.

paragraphs: It has been speculated that the murder was the result of a power struggle, a financial dispute over Burzum records, or an attempt at "outdoing" the stabbing in Lillehammer. Vikernes denies all of these, claiming that he attacked Euronymous in self-defense. He says that Euronymous had plotted to stun him with an electroshock weapon, tie him up and torture him to death while videotaping the event. Vikernes explains: "If he was talking about it to everybody and anybody I wouldn't have taken it seriously. But he just told a select group of friends, and one of them told me". He said Euronymous planned to use a meeting about an unsigned contract to ambush him. Blackthorn stood outside smoking while Vikernes climbed the stairs to Euronymous' apartment on the fourth floor. Vikernes said he met Euronymous at the door and handed him the contract, but when he stepped forward and confronted Euronymous, Euronymous "panicked" and kicked him in the chest. The two got into a struggle and Vikernes stabbed Euronymous to death. Vikernes defends that most of Euronymous' cut wounds were caused by broken glass he had fallen on during the struggle. After the murder, Vikernes and Blackthorn drove back to Bergen. On the way, they stopped at a lake where Vikernes disposed of his bloodstained clothes. The self-defense story is doubted by Faust and other members of the scene.

paragraphs: According to Vikernes, Blackthorn only came along to show Euronymous some new guitar riffs and was "in the wrong place at the wrong time". Blackthorn claims that, in the summer of 1993, he was almost committed to a mental hospital but fled to Bergen and stayed with Vikernes. He said Vikernes planned to murder Euronymous and pressured him into coming along. Blackthorn said of the murder, "I was neither for nor against it. I didn't give a shit about Øystein". Vikernes called Blackthorn's claims a "defense […] to make sure I couldn't blame him [for the murder]".

paragraphs: Euronymous played guitar on the following albums except where noted, any additional instruments or credits in notes.


title: Khalid Bakdash

paragraphs: Khalid Bakdash (1912–1995; occasionally spelled Khalid Bagdash or Khaled Bekdache, ) was the leader of the Syrian Communist Party (SCP) from 1936 until his death. In 1954 Bakdash became the first member of a communist party to be elected to an Arab parliament. He has since been called the "dean of Arab communism."


title: Salah Jadid

paragraphs: Salah Jadid (1926 – 19 August 1993, ) was a Syrian general and ultra-left-wing political figure in the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party in Syria, and the country's "de facto" leader from 1966 until 1970, when he was ousted by Hafez al-Assad's Corrective Movement.


title: Raktha Sambandham (Telugu TV series)

paragraphs: Raktha Sambandham is an Indian Telugu-language drama television series. It stars Meghana Lokesh, Siddu, Jackie, Jyothi Reddy, and Meena Kumari. "Raktha Sambandham" premiered on 9 April 2018. It broadcasts in Zee Telugu and ZEE5 before TV telecast.

paragraphs: The story is about the loving relationship of two siblings,  Krishna Prasad (Jackie) and Krishna Priya (Meena Kumari). Sharing a strong bond between them, Priya adores Krishna Prasad and is even willing to sacrifice her own happiness for her brother’s needs.

paragraphs: Prasad's wife, Durgamma (Jyothi reddy) and Priya bcome pregnant around same time. Due to social conditions and comments, Durgamma says she will die if she doesn't give birth to a male child. Unfortunately, Durgamma gets a girl, Tulasi. Priya gives birth to a boy, Adithya. Later they are exchanged by their parents to save Durgamma's life. Only Prasad, Priya and her husband and also Prasad's mother know the truth of the children's birth.

paragraphs: Durgamma always boasts about her son and insults Priya and Tulasi. Tulasi always enjoys fighting with Durgamma which annoys Durgamma. Then Tulasi and Adithya fall in love with each other but Durgamma agree to get them married. the rest of the story is about how Durgamma tries to separate the loving couple and how Tulasi overcomes the hard conditions and wins Durgamma's acceptance for their wedding.

paragraphs: ZEE5 launched all the episodes of Raktha Sambandham, including latest episodes, on Zee5 website and Zee5 app under their “Before TV” service.


title: North Richland Hills, Texas

paragraphs: North Richland Hills is a city inside Tarrant County, Texas, United States, and a mid-to-high end suburb of Dallas and Fort Worth. The population was 63,343 at the 2010 census, making it the third-largest city in Tarrant County.


title: West Okoboji, Iowa

paragraphs: West Okoboji is a city in Iowa in the United States. The city is located on West Okoboji Lake, from which it takes its name.


title: Religion in Poland

paragraphs: Religious beliefs in Poland are currently determined by the previous events, especially 966 Baptism of Poland, which put Poland among Christian countries of Europe. Poland was baptised through the Czechs and not through another countries, what caused that the country is currently mostly Catholic.

paragraphs: About 90% of people in Poland are Christians. 87% of population identify themselves as Roman Catholics. In Poland lives about 0.5 milion Orthodox people, which are mostly members of Polish Orthodox Church. There are also some Protestant groups estimated to be about 200-300 thousand believers, especially Evangelical Church in Poland.

paragraphs: Poland was baptised in 966 by Mieszko I, the prince of Poland (died 992). There were some political issues that led the country to abandon Slavic beliefs.

paragraphs: Catholics in Poland are a group of people that contains two subgroups:

paragraphs: The second one was established in Poland in the 17th century between some groups of Orthodox people and Roman Catholic Church.

paragraphs: The most important pilgrimage destinations in the country are: Jasna Góra in Częstochowa and Licheń. A lot of saints and blessed of the Roman Catholic Church are Poles, for example Pope John Paul II and Jerzy Popiełuszko.

paragraphs: Until WWII Poland was the second-largest place for Jews to live. There were about 6 milion Jews. Nowadays in the country live ca. 10000 Jewish people. The rest of them was killed during Holocaust or emigrated in a period of antisemitism after World War II. The majority of Jews lives in big cities like Warsaw, Kraków or Łódź. Jews have been living in Poland for more than a thousand years.

paragraphs: In Poland there are some Muslim groups with population estimated to be about 10000 believers. There are several mosques in Poland, the oldest in Bohoniki and Kruszyniany. Muslims have been living in Poland for over 600 years, especially in Podlasie.


title: Zee Telugu

paragraphs: Zee Telugu is a Telugu cable television channel in India. It is offered by Zee Entertainment Enterprises, part of the Essel Group, a media entertainment company based in Telangana, Hyderabad, it broadcasts programming in Telugu.

paragraphs: On 31 December 2017,A refresh look of ZEE Telugu and Sister Channel ZEE Cinemalu along with their HD channels was revealed in Zee Golden Awards and launched by Dr.Chiranjeevi while Samantha Akkineni was made as the Brand Ambassador.

paragraphs: Note ` represents they are repeated shows that have already gone off air

paragraphs: ° represents they are dubbed versions of serial with same name


title: Maharishi Vedic City, Iowa

paragraphs: Maharishi Vedic City (MVC) is a city in Iowa in the United States.


title: Walcott, Iowa

paragraphs: Walcott is a city in Iowa in the United States.


title: Waucoma, Iowa

paragraphs: Waucoma is a city in Iowa in the United States.


title: Waukee, Iowa

paragraphs: Waukee is a city in Iowa in the United States.


title: Wayland, Iowa

paragraphs: Wayland is a city in Iowa in the United States.


title: Webb, Iowa

paragraphs: Webb is a city in Iowa in the United States.


title: Wellman, Iowa

paragraphs: Wellman is a city in Iowa in the United States.


title: Webster, Iowa

paragraphs: Webster is a city in Iowa in the United States.


title: Weldon, Iowa

paragraphs: Weldon is a city in Iowa in the United States.


title: Wellsburg, Iowa

paragraphs: Wellsburg is a city in Iowa in the United States.


title: Welton, Iowa

paragraphs: Welton is a city in Iowa in the United States.


title: Wesley, Iowa

paragraphs: Wesley is a city in Iowa in the United States.


title: West Bend, Iowa

paragraphs: West Bend is a city in Iowa in the United States.


title: West Burlington, Iowa

paragraphs: West Burlington is a city in Iowa in the United States.


title: West Chester, Iowa

paragraphs: West Chester is a city in Iowa in the United States.


title: Westfield, Iowa

paragraphs: Westfield is a city in Iowa in the United States.


title: Westgate, Iowa

paragraphs: Westgate is a city in Iowa in the United States.


title: Eugene Thomas Long

paragraphs: Eugene Thomas Long (1935-March 13, 2020) was born in Richmond, Virginia. He was the author of "Jaspers and Bultmann: A Dialogue Between Philosophy and Theology" (1968), "Existence, Being and God: An Introduction to the Philosophical Theology of John Macquarrie" (1985) and "Twentieth Century Western Philosophy of Religion:1900-2000" (2000).

paragraphs: Long was born in Richmond, Virginia. He is the first son of Eugene Thomas Long, Jr. and Emily Barker Long. He is a graduate of Randolph-Macon College in Virginia (BA), Duke University (BD) and the University of Glasgow, Scotland (Ph.D). He was a student of John Macquarrie and Ronald Gregor Smith.

paragraphs: He was a Professor of Philosophy at Randolph Macon College between 1964 and 1970. He was a Professor of Philosophy at the University of South Carolina between 1970 and 2002. During that time he was Chair of the Department of Philosophy (1972-1987). He retired in 2002 as Distinguished Professor of Philosophy Emeritus.

paragraphs: He was elected President of The Metaphysical Society of America and President of the Society for Philosophy of Religion. He served as Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal for Philosophy of Religion (1990-2010) and the Handbook of Contemporary Philosophy of Religion.

paragraphs: The major focus of Long’s work is the dialogue between philosophy and theology and he is often characterized both as a philosophical theologian and philosopher of religion. Attracted in his early days to the work of Hegel and British and American Idealism, he is influenced in particular by the work of Karl Jaspers, Martin Heidegger, Paul Tillich and John Macquarrie. Appealing to the theories of experience in the tradition of so-called radical empiricism, Long argues for transcendent dimensions of general human experience to bridge the gap between specifically religious and ordinary experience.

paragraphs: Long died on March 13, 2020 at the age of 84.


title: West Liberty, Iowa

paragraphs: West Liberty is a city in Iowa in the United States. It is 5 miles south of Interstate 80 on Historic Highway 6.


title: Westphalia, Iowa

paragraphs: Westphalia is a city in Iowa in the United States.


title: West Point, Iowa

paragraphs: West Point is a city in Iowa in the United States.


title: What Cheer, Iowa

paragraphs: What Cheer is a city in Iowa in the United States.


title: Whiting, Iowa

paragraphs: Whiting is a city in Iowa in the United States.


title: Whittemore, Iowa

paragraphs: Whittemore is a city in Iowa in the United States.


title: Williams, Iowa

paragraphs: Williams is a city in Hamilton County, Iowa, United States. The population was 344 at the 2010 census. Williams is a regional center of wind power generation.


title: Williamson, Iowa

paragraphs: Williamson is a city in Iowa in the United States.


title: Wilton, Iowa

paragraphs: Wilton is a city in Iowa in the United States.


title: Winthrop, Iowa

paragraphs: Winthrop is a city in Iowa in the United States.


title: Wiota, Iowa

paragraphs: Wiota is a city in Iowa in the United States.


title: Hamilton County

paragraphs: Hamilton County is the name of 10 counties in the United States:


title: Hamilton County, Iowa

paragraphs: Hamilton County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2010 census, the population was 15,673. The county seat is Webster City. The county was founded in 1856 and named to honor William W. Hamilton, a President of the Iowa State Senate.


title: Boone County, Iowa

paragraphs: Boone County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. In the 2010 census, 26,306 people lived there. The county seat is Boone.


title: Boone County

paragraphs: Boone County is the name of eight counties in the United States:


title: Therapeutic abortion

paragraphs: Terapeutic abortion is a kind of abortion which is carried out because of medical necessity. In some cases, the pregnancy or childbirth is a medical risk to the health of the mother. In other cases, the unborn child would have grave birth defects. Therapeutic abortion is legal in most contries, even if other forms of avortion are illegal. Some countries also have a rule, that abortion is legal for the first part of the pregnancy and illegal afterwards. Even in these cases, therapeutic abortion is often legal.


title: Woden, Iowa

paragraphs: Woden is a city in Iowa in the United States.


title: Woodbine, Iowa

paragraphs: Woodbine is a city in Iowa in the United States.


title: Woodburn, Iowa

paragraphs: Woodburn is a city in Iowa in the United States. It is in Clarke County. The population was 202 at the 2010 census.


title: Woodward, Iowa

paragraphs: Woodward is a city in Iowa in the United States.


title: Bremer County, Iowa

paragraphs: Bremer County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. In the 2010 census, 24,276 people lived there. The county seat is Waverly.


title: Buchanan County

paragraphs: Buchanan County is the name of three counties in the United States:


title: Buchanan County, Iowa

paragraphs: Buchanan County is a county located in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2010 census, the population was 20,958. Its county seat is Independence. The county was founded on December 21, 1837 and was named in honor of Senator James Buchanan, the 15th President of the United States.


title: Johannes Geldenhuys

paragraphs: General Johannes Jacobus ('Jannie') Geldenhuys (5 February 1935 – 9 September 2018) was a South African military commander. He was Chief of the South African Defence Force between 1985 and 1990. He was born in Kroonstad, Orange Free State Province.

paragraphs: Geldenhuys died on 9 September 2018 in George, Western Cape at the age of 83.


title: Jocelyn Bell Burnell

paragraphs: Dame Susan Jocelyn Bell Burnell (; born 15 July 1943) is a Northern Irish astrophysicist. She has been called as "one of the most significant scientific achievements of the 20th Century".

paragraphs: Her work was recognised by the award of the Nobel Prize in Physics to her thesis supervisor Antony Hewish and to the astronomer Martin Ryle. Bell was excluded, despite having been the first to observe and precisely analyse the pulsars.

paragraphs: Burnell won the 2018 Special Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics.


title: Antony Hewish

paragraphs: Antony Hewish (born 11 May 1924) is a British radio astronomer. He won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1974 (together with fellow radio-astronomer Martin Ryle) for his role in the discovery of pulsars.

paragraphs: He was also awarded the Eddington Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1969.


title: Javier Usabiaga Arroyo

paragraphs: Javier Bernardo Usabiaga Arroyo (20 August 1939 – 9 September 2018) was a Mexican businessman and politician. He was born in Celaya, Guanajuato.

paragraphs: Usabiaga Arroyo was a member of the National Action Party. He was Secretary of Agriculture during part of Vicente Fox's government. From 2009 to 2012, he was Deputy of the LXI Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Guanajuato.

paragraphs: Usabiaga Arroyo died of throat cancer on 9 September 2018 in Mexico City at the age of 79.


title: István Géczi

paragraphs: István Géczi (16 March 1944 – 10 September 2018) was a Hungarian football goalkeeper and politician. He played for Ferencvárosi TC. He was born in Sajóörös, Hungary.

paragraphs: He won a silver medal in the 1972 Summer Olympics, and also participated in the 1966 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro 1972 for the Hungary national football team.

paragraphs: Following the end of his career, he was a member of the Hungarian Parliament in the late 1980s.

paragraphs: Géczi died on 10 September 2018 in Budapest from a stroke at the age of 75.


title: Co Westerik

paragraphs: Jacobus "Co" Westerik (2 March 1924 – 10 September 2018) was a Dutch visual artist and photographer. He was born in The Hague.

paragraphs: From 1954 to 1958, Westerik was lecturer at the International School and the German International School, and from 1955 to 1958 also at the Vrije Academie voor Beeldende Kunsten in The Hague. From 1958 to 1971, he was a lecturer in figure drawing at the Royal Academy of Art, The Hague.

paragraphs: Westerik was awarded the Jacob Maris Prize three times: in 1951 and 1955 for painting and in 1953 for drawing.

paragraphs: Westerik died on 10 September 2018 in Rotterdam from complications of Alzheimer's disease at the age of 94.


title: Princess Bubblegum

paragraphs: Princess Bonnibel "Bonnie" Bubblegum of the Candy Kingdom (also known as: PB; Peebles; P-Bubs; Bonnie), is a fictional character in the American animated Cartoon Network television series "Adventure Time", created by Pendleton Ward.

paragraphs: Princess Bubblegum is the current incarnation of the Candy Elemental. She is the ruler to the inhabitants of the Candy Kingdom, who are all composed of types of desserts and candies.

paragraphs: Princess Bubblegum rules over the Candy Kingdom, but in the Season 6 episode "Hot Diggity Doom" (the first part of the season's finale), an election was held and she lost to the King of Ooo by a landslide.

paragraphs: As a result, she no longer ruled the Candy Kingdom and the King of Ooo replaced her as the new ruler, until a rebellion against King of Ooo allowed her to reclaim the throne in "The Dark Cloud".

paragraphs: In an interview, Olivia Olson (who voices Marceline) stated that Marceline and Bubblegum are ex-girlfriends. In the series finale "Come Along with Me", Marceline and Bubblegum share their first onscreen kiss, confirming mutual romantic feelings between them and become girlfriends.


title: Marceline the Vampire Queen

paragraphs: Marceline the Vampire Queen is a fictional character in the American animated Cartoon Network television series "Adventure Time", created by Pendleton Ward. She is voiced by Olivia Olson in most appearances, by Ava Acres as a child and by Cloris Leachman as an old woman.

paragraphs: Marceline is a 1,000-year-old vampire queen. The artistic design for Marceline was created by Ward. Unlike a traditional vampire, Marceline does not need to drink blood to survive; rather, she eats the color red.

paragraphs: Marceline is a musician who plays an electric bass that she made from her family's heirloom battle-axe.

paragraphs: The character makes her debut in the first season episode "Evicted!" and at first was an antagonist, forcing Finn and Jake from their home. However, as the series progresses, Marceline becomes a close friend to Finn and Jake.

paragraphs: She was born to an unnamed human mother (voiced by Rebecca Sugar) and the demon Hunson Abadeer (voiced by Olivia's real-life father, Martin Olson). When she was a child, the Mushroom War occurred, and soon after she developed a father-daughter-like bond with Simon Petrikov (voiced by Tom Kenny), who would become the Ice King which was seen in the episodes "I Remember You" and "Simon & Marcy".

paragraphs: In the episodes "What Was Missing" and "Sky Witch" it is implied that Princess Bubblegum and Marceline were in a relationship. In the series finale "Come Along with Me", Princess Bubblegum and Marceline kissed towards the ending and became girlfriends.


title: Ice King

paragraphs: The Ice King is a fictional character in the American animated television series "Adventure Time". He is an evil wizard that could create and manipulating ice and snow. He calls himself the king of the Ice Kingdom, a land of ice he claimed as his own where he lives in the company of many penguins.

paragraphs: Although technically an antagonist, he sometimes helps the main characters and is the protagonist of several episodes focusing on his struggles or backstory. The character is voiced by Tom Kenny.

paragraphs: Originally in the first seasons, he wanted to kidnap Princess Bubblegum on a regular basis. As the show progressed, he became a kind-hearted but misunderstood old man with completely twisted senses of morality and social behavior. He suffered from memory loss. Later seasons unveil his tragic backstory, revealing he was once a good human named Simon Petrikov who lost his mind, memories and loved ones due to the magic crown giving him his ice powers which was seen in the episode "Holly Jolly Secrets".

paragraphs: In the episodes "I Remember You" and "Simon & Marcy", it revealed the Ice King's relation with Marceline the Vampire Queen almost a thousand years before the beginning of the series, are often considered two of the show's very best.

paragraphs: At first the character received negative reviews, but later when his backstory and development was showed in the show, he received positive reviews. Many people compare his character's mental issues to that of Alzheimer's and bipolar disorder.


title: Jake the Dog

paragraphs: Jake the Dog is a fictional character and one of the main cast in the American animated television series "Adventure Time" created by Pendleton Ward. He is voiced by Billy West.

paragraphs: The character made his debut in the original pilot. Jake is Finn's best friend and adoptive brother. He is a shape-shifting dog who is in his 30s in "magical dog years". Jake can stretch, shrink, or mold any part of his body to any shape and almost any size, ranging from becoming gigantic to becoming incredibly small.

paragraphs: Jake has a laid-back attitude in most situations, but loves adventure and is in a relationship with Lady Rainicorn voiced by Niki Yang; they have five children together.

paragraphs: The character has received largely positive critical reception.


title: Sanitary napkin

paragraphs: A sanitary napkin, also called a sanitary towel, sanitary pad, menstrual pad, or pad, is a type of cloth used by women used to stop menstrual blood from passing through clothes. It is put in underwear so that people don't see it. They are often disposable. Most sanitary napkins are made of plastic.


title: Homecoming (poem)

paragraphs: "Homecoming" is a poem by Bruce Dawe. The theme is anti-war. Dawe wrote the poem during the Vietnam War and explained what terror it was.

paragraphs: Dennis Haskell, Winthrop Professor of English and Cultural Studies at University of Western Australia, called the poem "the most highly regarded poem about Vietnam written by any Australian". Peter Pierce, the editor of "The Cambridge History of Australian Literature" described it as "one of the finest threnodies in the war literature of Vietnam".


title: Dollar store

paragraphs: A dollar store (also called a pound shop) is a type of store popular in North America. They sell many different items, most of which cost under a dollar. However, in recent years, the chain diversified the kind of items sold and prices regularly exceed the notorious one-dollar limit.


title: Kalle Könkkölä

paragraphs: Kalle Kustaa Topias Könkkölä (16 January 1950 – 11 September 2018) was a Finnish politician and human rights activist. He was a member of the Green League party. He was a member of Finnish Parliament from 1983 to 1987. He was the second Green politican to become an MP, even before the Green League was a political party. He was also the first chairperson of the Green League and the first Finnish MP with a disability.

paragraphs: Könkkölä was born in Helsinki. He was physically disabled from birth. He was married to architect Maija Könkkölä from 1976 until her death in 2012.

paragraphs: Könkkölä died of pneumonia on 11 September 2018, at the age of 68.


title: Gizzard

paragraphs: A gizzard, or "gastric mill", is a part of the stomach which grinds food. Animals which have grinding teeth do not need a gizzard, but there are many animals which do have one.

paragraphs: Gizzards are standard equipment for pterosaurs and birds, dinosaurs, and crocodilia, also many fish, and crustacea.

paragraphs: Gizzards work because the animal eats some gravel and small stones, and they grind against the food in the gizzard. Gizzards are muscular, and lined with tough material.

paragraphs: In birds, it works like this. Birds swallow food and store it in their crop if necessary. Then the food passes into their glandular stomach, or proventriculus. Secretions are added here to the food. Then the food passes into the gizzard (also known as the "muscular stomach" or "ventriculus"). The gizzard can grind the food with previously swallowed stones and pass it back to the true stomach, and vice versa. In layman's terms, the gizzard 'chews' the food for the bird as it does not have teeth. Bird gizzards are lined with a tough layer made of the carbohydrate-protein complex "koilin", to protect the muscles in the gizzard.

paragraphs: In birds the stomach is before the gizzard, but in grasshoppers the gizzard comes before the stomach. In earthworms there is only a gizzard, and no stomach.


title: Cotswold Line

paragraphs: The Cotswold Line is an train line between and in England.


title: Tropical Storm Doria

paragraphs: Tropical Storm Doria of August 1971 was the most expensive tropical cyclone of that year's Atlantic hurricane season. The storm developed on August 20, 1971 in the east-central Atlantic, near the Leeward Islands.

paragraphs: Doria moved just north of the Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico. Later, the storm started heading up the East Coast of the United States. First, it struck North Carolina as a tropical storm. It struck near Morehead City having winds of 65 miles per hour.

paragraphs: In North Carolina, Doria dumped five inches of rain. There was localized flooding and minor wind damage.

paragraphs: In Virginia, the storm's rain bands caused an F1 tornado near Portsmouth, Norfolk and Chesapeake. Damage from the tornado was near $250,000. Twelve homes were damaged.

paragraphs: Doria later struck the Mid-Atlantic states, New York City and west-central New England.

paragraphs: Total damage from Doria was $147.6 million. Seven people were killed by the storm.


title: Woolstock, Iowa

paragraphs: Woolstock is a city in Iowa in the United States.


title: Worthington, Iowa

paragraphs: Worthington is a city in Iowa in the United States.


title: Wyoming, Iowa

paragraphs: Wyoming is a city in Iowa in the United States.


title: Yale, Iowa

paragraphs: Yale is a city in Iowa in the United States.


title: Yetter, Iowa

paragraphs: Yetter is a city in Iowa in the United States.


title: Yorktown, Iowa

paragraphs: Yorktown is a city in Iowa in the United States.


title: Zearing, Iowa

paragraphs: Zearing is a city in Iowa in the United States.


title: Zwingle, Iowa

paragraphs: Zwingle is a city in Iowa in the United States.


title: Buena Vista County, Iowa

paragraphs: Buena Vista County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. In the 2010 census, 20,260 people lived there. The county seat is Storm Lake.


title: Butler County, Iowa

paragraphs: Butler County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. In the 2010 census, 14,867 people lived there. The county seat is Allison.


title: Carroll County, Iowa

paragraphs: Carroll County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. In the 2010 census, 20,816 people lived there. The county seat is Carroll.


title: Cass County, Iowa

paragraphs: Cass County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. In the 2010 census, 13,956 people lived there. The county seat is Atlantic.


title: Cedar County, Iowa

paragraphs: Cedar County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. In the 2010 census, 18,499 people lived there. The county seat is Tipton.


title: Cedar County

paragraphs: Cedar County is the name of three counties in the United States:


title: Chickasaw County, Iowa

paragraphs: Chickasaw County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. In the 2010 census, 12,439 people lived there. The county seat is New Hampton.


title: Chickasaw County

paragraphs: Chickasaw County is the name of two counties in the United States:


title: Clarke County, Iowa

paragraphs: Clarke County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. In the 2010 census, 9,286 people lived there. The county seat is Osceola.


title: Clarke County

paragraphs: Clarke County is the name of five counties in the United States:


title: Clay County, Iowa

paragraphs: Clay County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. In the 2010 census, 16,667 people lived there. The county seat is Spencer.


title: Clayton County, Iowa

paragraphs: Clayton County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2010 census, the population was 18,129. The county seat is Elkader. The county was founded in 1837 and was named in honor of John M. Clayton, United States Senator from Delaware and later Secretary of State under President Zachary Taylor.


title: Clayton County

paragraphs: Clayton County is the name of two counties in the United States:


title: Clinton County, Iowa

paragraphs: Clinton County is a county located in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2010 census, the population was 49,116. Its county seat is Clinton. Its name is in honor of the seventh Governor of New York State, DeWitt Clinton.

paragraphs: Clinton County was established on December 21, 1837.


title: Clinton County

paragraphs: Clinton County is the name of several counties in the United States:


title: Crawford County, Iowa

paragraphs: Crawford County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2010 census, the population was 17,096. The county seat is Denison. The county was named for William Harris Crawford, U.S. senator from Georgia and United States Secretary of the Treasury.

paragraphs: Crawford County was founded on January 15, 1851.


title: Crawford County

paragraphs: Crawford County is the name of eleven counties in the United States:


title: Davis County, Iowa

paragraphs: Davis County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. In the 2010 census, 8,753 people lived there. The county seat is Bloomfield.


title: Davis County

paragraphs: Davis County is the name of two counties in the United States:


title: Delaware County, Iowa

paragraphs: Delaware County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2010 census, the population was 17,764. The county seat is Manchester. The county was named in honor of Delaware.

paragraphs: Delaware County was founded on December 21, 1837.


title: Delaware County

paragraphs: Delaware County is the name of six counties in the United States:


title: Des Moines County, Iowa

paragraphs: Des Moines County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. In the 2010 census, 40,325 people lived there. The county seat is Burlington.


title: Dickinson County, Iowa

paragraphs: Dickinson County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. In the 2010 census, 16,667 people lived there. The county seat is Spirit Lake.


title: Dickinson County

paragraphs: Dickinson County is the name of three counties in the United States:


title: Dickinson County, Michigan

paragraphs: Dickinson County is a county in the Upper peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. In the 2010 census, 26,168 people lived there. The county seat is Iron Mountain.


title: Henry County

paragraphs: Henry County is the name of ten counties in the United States:


title: Henry County, Iowa

paragraphs: Henry County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. In the 2010 census, 20,145 people lived there. The county seat is Mount Pleasant.


title: Bibb County

paragraphs: Bibb County is the name of two counties in the United States:


title: Grundy County, Tennessee

paragraphs: Grundy County is a county in Tennessee. In the 2010 census, 13,703 people lived there. The county seat is Altamont.


title: Iowa County, Iowa

paragraphs: Iowa County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. In the 2010 census, 16,355 people lived there. The county seat is Marengo.


title: Wright County, Iowa

paragraphs: Wright County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. In the 2010 census, 13,229 people lived there. The county seat is Clarion.


title: Emmet County, Iowa

paragraphs: Emmet County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. In the 2010 census, 10,302 people lived there. The county seat is Estherville.


title: Emmet County

paragraphs: Emmet County is the name of two counties in the United States:


title: Francisco Pascual Obama Asue

paragraphs: Francisco Pascual Eyegue Obama Asue is an Equatoguinean politician. He has been the Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea, since 23 June 2016.


title: University of Basel

paragraphs: The University of Basel () is in Basel, Switzerland. It was founded on 4 April 1460 and is the oldest university in Switzerland.


title: Mortiers

paragraphs: Mortiers is the name of two communes in France:


title: João Castelo

paragraphs: João Castelo Ribeiro Gonçalves (October 19, 1937 – December 11, 2016) was a Brazilian politician and lawyer. Castelo served as Governor of Maranhão from March 15, 1979, to May 15, 1982. He was born in Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil.

paragraphs: Castelo died in São Paulo, Brazil on December 11, 2016 after complications from a surgery. He was aged 79.


title: Châtelus

paragraphs: Châtelus may refer to the following communes in France:


title: Cleveland County

paragraphs: Cleveland County is the name of three counties in the United States:


title: Fenella Fielding

paragraphs: Fenella Fielding, OBE (17 November 1927 – 11 September 2018) was an English stage, movie and television actress. She was very popular in the 1950s and 1960s. She was known as "England's first lady of the double entendre".

paragraphs: She was known for her husky voice. Fielding appeared in two "Carry On" movies, "Carry On Regardless" (1961) and "Carry On Screaming!" (1966).

paragraphs: Fielding was born in London. Her brother is Basil Feldman, Baron Feldman, a former member of the House of Lords. Fielding also starred in the children's television series "Uncle Jack" from 1990-1993 as The Vixen. In 1999, Fielding starred in Rik Mayall and Adrian Edmondson's movie "Guest House Paradiso".

paragraphs: In August 2018, Fielding suffered a severe stroke in London. She died a month later on 11 September 2018 at the age of 90.


title: Johnny Strike

paragraphs: Gary John Bassett (June 6, 1948 – September 10, 2018), known as Johnny Strike, was an American singer-songwriter and crime novelist. He was born in San Francisco, California. He was mostly known as songwriter for the proto-punk band Crime based in San Francisco. In 2004, he wrote "Ports of Hell" alongside William S. Burroughs.

paragraphs: Strike died on September 10, 2018 in San Francisco from liver cancer at the age of 70.


title: Peter MacNicol

paragraphs: Peter MacNicol (born April 10, 1954) is an American actor. He was born in Dallas, Texas.

paragraphs: MacNicol is known for his stage debut in "Crimes of the Heart". His movie roles include Galen in "Dragonslayer" (1981), Stingo in "Sophie's Choice" (1982), Janosz Poha in "Ghostbusters II" (1989), camp organizer Gary Granger in "Addams Family Values" (1993), David Langley in "Bean" (1997) and Mr. Vompatatat in "The Cat in the Hat" (2003).


title: Harris Yulin

paragraphs: Harris Yulin (born November 5, 1937) is an American actor.

paragraphs: He is known for his roles in "Scarface" (1983), "Ghostbusters II" (1989), "Clear and Present Danger" (1994), "Looking for Richard" (1996), "The Hurricane" (1999), "Training Day" (2001), and "Frasier" which earned him a Primetime Emmy Award nomination in 1996.


title: Basil Feldman, Baron Feldman

paragraphs: Basil Samuel Feldman, Baron Feldman (23 September 1923 – 19 November 2019) was a British politician. He was a former Conservative member of the House of Lords. He sat in the House from 1996 until his retirement in 2017.

paragraphs: Feldman was born in London. His sister was actress Fenella Fielding. Feldman was knighted in 1982. On 15 January 1996 he was made a life peer as Baron Feldman, of Frognal in the London Borough of Camden.


title: Don Gardner

paragraphs: Donald Gardner (May 9, 1931 – September 4, 2018) was an American rhythm and blues singer-songwriter and drummer. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His records included the 1962 pop hit "I Need Your Lovin'", with Dee Dee Ford.

paragraphs: Gardner died on September 4, 2018 in Philadelphia from cancer at age 87.


title: Elizabeth Hoffman

paragraphs: Elizabeth Hoffman (born February 8, 1927) is an American character actress. Hoffman was born in Corvallis, Oregon. Hoffman is best known for her regular role as Beatrice Reed Ventnor, Swoosie Kurtz', Sela Ward's, Patricia Kalember's and Julianne Phillips' characters' mother, on the NBC drama series "Sisters" (1991-1996). She also played the role of Catherine Langford in "Stargate SG-1".


title: Julianne Phillips

paragraphs: Julianne Phillips (born May 6, 1960) is an American model and actress. She is known for being the first wife of Bruce Springsteen. She is also known for her role as Francesca "Frankie" Reed on the television drama series "Sisters" (1991-96).


title: Watertown, Minnesota

paragraphs: Watertown is a city in Carver County, Minnesota, along the South Fork of the Crow River. The population was 4,205 at the 2010 census.


title: Crow River (Minnesota)

paragraphs: The Crow River is a tributary of the Mississippi River in south-central Minnesota in the United States. It drains a watershed of .

paragraphs: The North Fork of the Crow River was named by the Ojibwe Indians for the bird they called the "marauder of newly planted corn."

paragraphs: The north and south forks converge at Rockford to form the Crow River, which flows for northeastward to the Mississippi River.

paragraphs: The Crow flows through Greenfield, Hanover, St. Michael, Otsego and Dayton; it enters the Mississippi River from the south at the common boundary between Otsego and Dayton.


title: Rockford, Minnesota

paragraphs: Rockford is a city in Wright and Hennepin counties in the U.S. state of Minnesota. The population was 4,316 at the 2010 census.


title: Greenfield, Minnesota

paragraphs: Greenfield is a city in northwestern Hennepin County, Minnesota. It has a population of 2,777 residents, according to the 2010 census, and is located 26.5 miles northwest of Minneapolis.


title: Hennepin County, Minnesota

paragraphs: Hennepin County ( ) is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2010 census the population was 1,152,425.

paragraphs: It is the most populous county in Minnesota and the 35th-most populous county in the United States. Its county seat is Minneapolis.


title: Hanover, Minnesota

paragraphs: Hanover is a city in Wright and Hennepin counties in the U.S. state of Minnesota. The population was 2,938 at the 2010 census.


title: Phyllotaxis

paragraphs: Phylotaxy or phylotaxis is the mode of arrangement of leaves on the stem of a plant (from Ancient Greek "leaf" and "arrangement").

paragraphs: Phyllotaxy has a function: it avoids over-crowding of leaves, and exposes the leaves to the most sunlight for photosynthesis. The four main types of phyllotaxy are alternate, opposite, ternate and whorled.


title: Purworejo Klampok

paragraphs: Purworejo Klampok is a sub-district in Banjarnegara Regency, Central Java, Indonesia.


title: St. Michael, Minnesota

paragraphs: St. Michael is a city in eastern Wright County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 16,399 at the 2010 census.


title: Wright County, Minnesota

paragraphs: Wright County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2010 census, the population was 124,700. Its county seat is Buffalo. The county was founded in 1855.


title: Buffalo, Minnesota

paragraphs: Buffalo is a city, located 42 miles northwest of Minneapolis in Wright County, Minnesota. The population was 15,453 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat.


title: Otsego, Minnesota

paragraphs: Otsego is a city in Wright County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 13,571 at the 2010 census.


title: Dayton, Minnesota

paragraphs: Dayton is a city in Hennepin and Wright counties in the U.S. state of Minnesota. The population was 4,671 at the 2010 census.


title: Eddie McGuire

paragraphs: Edward Joseph "Ed" McGuire (born 29 October 1964) is an Australian radio and television presenter, commentator, journalist and businessman. He is known for his long relation with Australian rules football and the Nine Network. His media company is known as McGuire Media. He is the current president of the AFL Collingwood Football Club and Melbourne Stars Twenty20 cricket team. He is also the current host of Channel Nine game show "Millionaire Hot Seat" (2009–present). He formerly hosted the Australian version of game show "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?" (1999–2007). He is also an Australian rules football commentator for Fox Footy, and a columnist for the "Herald Sun".

paragraphs: McGuire was born in Melbourne, Victoria. He is married to Carla. The couple have two sons.


title: Fernando Haddad

paragraphs: Fernando Haddad (born 25 January 1960) is a Brazilian academic and politician. He was Mayor of São Paulo, Brazil's largest city, from 2013 to 2017. He was the Minister of Education from 2005 to 2012 in the cabinets of Presidents Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and Dilma Rousseff.

paragraphs: Haddad was the Workers' Party candidate for President in the 2018 elections, replacing former president Lula, whose candidacy was banned by the Superior Electoral Court under the Clean Slate law. He lost the second round of the election on 28 October 2018 to Jair Bolsonaro.


title: Antônio Salim Curiati

paragraphs: Antônio Salim Curiati (Avaré, Brazil, 13 February 1928) is a Brazilian physician, and politician. He was Mayor of São Paulo from 13 May 1982 to 14 March 1983.


title: Luiza Erundina

paragraphs: Luiza Erundina de Sousa (; November 30, 1934) is a Brazilian politician.

paragraphs: In 1997 she changed to the PSB party. She supported the impeachment process against president Dilma Rousseff, Erundina switched to party PSOL in March 2016.

paragraphs: Erundina was on the São Paulo city council from 1983–1987. From 1987–1988 she was a state deputy for the state of São Paulo. She was São Paulo's mayor from 1989 to 1992, and is currently a federal deputy from São Paulo. She was re-elected in 2002 and again in 2006 and 2010.


title: Paulo Maluf

paragraphs: Paulo Salim Maluf (; born September 3, 1931) is a Brazilian politician. He was the State Governor of São Paulo, Mayor of the City of São Paulo, Congressman and Presidential candidate.

paragraphs: As of 2011, Maluf is on a second consecutive term as Federal Deputy. His political base is founded on populism and the provision of major public works.


title: Israel Klabin

paragraphs: Israel Klabin (born 20 September 1926) is a Brazilian civil engineer, mathematician, environmentalist and politician. He was born in Rio de Janeiro. He was the second Mayor of Rio de Janeiro from 15 March 1979 to 3 June 1980. He was a member of the Brazilian Democratic Movement.


title: Adam Clymer

paragraphs: Adam Clymer (April 27, 1937 – September 10, 2018) was an American journalist. He was a political correspondent for "The New York Times". He was born in New York City. He was a national political correspondent for the 1980 presidential election, polling editor from 1983 to 1990, political editor for George H. W. Bush's presidential campaign in 1988, and chief Washington correspondent from 1999 through 2003.

paragraphs: Clymer when in September 2000 George W. Bush and running mate Dick Cheney appeared at a campaign event at Naperville, Illinois. While on stage before the event, Bush said to Cheney, "There's Adam Clymer, major-league asshole from the "New York Times"." Cheney responded, "Oh yeah, he is, big time." The remarks were picked up by a live microphone, causing a minor campaign controversy. Bush later publicly stated "I regret that a private comment I made to the vice presidential candidate made it through the public airways. I regret everybody heard what I said."

paragraphs: In 1981, Clymer co-authored "Reagan: The Man, the President" with fellow "New York Times" journalists Hedrick Smith, Leonard Silk, Robert Lindsey, and Richard Burt. In 1999, he wrote "Edward M. Kennedy: A Biography".

paragraphs: Clymer died from pancreatic cancer on September 10, 2018 in Washington, D.C. at the age of 81.


title: Bert Parks

paragraphs: Bert Parks (born Bertram Jacobson; December 30, 1914 – February 2, 1992) was an American actor, singer, and radio and television announcer. He was best known for hosting the annual Miss America pageants from 1955 to 1979.

paragraphs: The first game show that Parks hosted was "Party Line" on NBC. Other games Parks hosted in early television included "Stop the Music", "Masquerade Party" and the pilot for "Hollywood Squares".

paragraphs: Parks was known for singing "There She Is, Miss America" to each new Miss America when he hosted the pageant.

paragraphs: Parks was born in Atlanta, Georgia to a Jewish family. He died from lung cancer near La Jolla, California at the age of seventy-seven.


title: Jon Heder

paragraphs: Jonathan Joseph Heder (born October 26, 1977) is an American actor and producer. He is best known for his role as the title character in the movie "Napoleon Dynamite" (2004). He appeared in the movies "The Benchwarmers" (2006), "Blades of Glory" (2007) and "When in Rome" (2010). He had voice roles in the animated movies "Monster House" (2006) and "Surf's Up" (2007). He also appeared in the television series "Napoleon Dynamite" (2012), again as the title character.

paragraphs: Heder was born in Fort Collins, Colorado. He married Kirsten Bales in 2002. The couple have four children. He is a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.


title: Copley Medal

paragraphs: The Copley Medal is awarded by the Royal Society for the most important scientific discoveries.

paragraphs: It was first awarded in 1731. It was awarded for "the most important scientific discovery or for the greatest contribution made by experiment". The Copley Medal is the world's oldest scientific prize and it was awarded 170 years before the first Nobel Prize.

paragraphs: Notable winners include James Cook, Benjamin Franklin, William Herschel, John Hunter, Carl Friedrich Gauss, Charles Darwin, Michael Faraday, Dmitri Mendeleev, Albert Einstein, Max Planck and Francis Crick. Recent winners have been:


title: Dean Court

paragraphs: Dean Court, currently known as the Vitality Stadium for sponsorship purposes, is a football stadium in Bournemouth, England and the home ground of A.F.C. Bournemouth.


title: Richard Henderson

paragraphs: Richard Henderson (born 19 July 1945) is a Scottish molecular biologist and biophysicist. He is a pioneer in the field of electron microscopy of biological molecules. He shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2017 with Jacques Dubochet and Joachim Frank.

paragraphs: Henderson has worked at the Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology (MRC LMB) in Cambridge since 1973, and was its director between 1996 and 2006. He was also a visiting professor at the Miller Institute of the University of California, Berkeley in Spring 1993.

paragraphs: He worked out the structure of bacteriorhodopsin, a molecule in bacteria. The molecule captures energy from light, and uses it to move protons out of the cell. This was the second ever atomic model of a membrane protein. The techniques Henderson developed for electron crystallography are still in use.

paragraphs: Henderson's methods help to solve the structures of several G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs). They are a large protein family of receptors that detect molecules outside the cell. They activate internal signal transduction pathways. This leads to cell responses to the molecules outside the cell.


title: Laboratory of Molecular Biology

paragraphs: The Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB) is a research institute in Cambridge, England. It was involved in the revolution in molecular biology which occurred in the 1950–60s. It is a major medical research laboratory with a broad focus.

paragraphs: A new £212m replacement building constructed close by to the original site on the Cambridge Biomedical Campus was opened in May 2013. The road outside the new building is named Francis Crick Avenue after the 1962 joint Nobel Prize winner, who co-discovered the helical structure of DNA in 1953.

paragraphs: Scientific staff of the LMB who have been awarded Nobel prizes are:

paragraphs: Visitors who received a Nobel prize for work done, or started at the LMB and alumni include:


title: Adams County

paragraphs: Adams County is the name of twelve counties in the United States:


title: Alleghany County

paragraphs: Alleghany County is the name of two counties in the United States:


title: Allegany County

paragraphs: Allegany County is the name of two counties in the United States:


title: Allegany County, Maryland

paragraphs: Allegany County is a county located in the northwestern part of the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2010 census, the population was 75,087. Its county seat is Cumberland.


title: Riverside County, California

paragraphs: Riverside County is one of fifty-eight counties in the U.S. state of California. According to the 2010 census, there were 2,189,641 people living there. It is the 4th-most populous county in California. It's also the 11th-most populous in the whole country. The name came from the city of Riverside, which is its county seat.


title: Calaveras County, California

paragraphs: Calaveras County, officially the County of Calaveras, is a county in the northern part of the U.S. state, California. As of the 2010 census, the population was 40,171. The county seat is San Andreas.


title: Dubuque County, Iowa

paragraphs: Dubuque County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2010 census, the population was 93,653. The county seat is Dubuque. The county is named for Julien Dubuque, the first European settler of Iowa.

paragraphs: Dubuque County was founded on September 6, 1834.


title: Floyd County, Iowa

paragraphs: Floyd County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2010 census, the population was 16,303. The county seat is Charles City.


title: Fremont County, Iowa

paragraphs: Fremont County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2010 census, the population was 7,441. The county seat is Sidney. The county was founded in 1847 and named for the military officer John C. Fremont.


title: Guthrie County, Iowa

paragraphs: Guthrie County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2010 census, the population was 10,954. The county seat is Guthrie Center. The county was founded on January 15, 1851 and named after Captain Edwin B. Guthrie, who had died in the Mexican–American War.


title: Hancock County, Iowa

paragraphs: Hancock County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2010 census, the population was 11,341. The county seat is Garner. The county was founded on January 15, 1851 and named in honor of John Hancock, a leader of the Continental Congress during the American Revolution.


title: Hancock County

paragraphs: Hancock County is the name of ten counties in the United States. All are named for John Hancock who was a leader in the American Revolution. The counties are:


title: Hardin County, Iowa

paragraphs: Hardin County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. In the 2010 census, 17,534 people lived there. The county seat is Eldora.


title: Harrison County, Iowa

paragraphs: Harrison County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2010 census, the population was 14,928. The county seat is Logan. The county was founded in 1851 and named for ninth U.S. President William Henry Harrison.


title: Harrison County

paragraphs: Harrison County is the name of eight counties in the United States:


title: Howard County, Iowa

paragraphs: Howard County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. In the 2010 census, 9,566 people lived there. The county seat is Cresco.


title: Humboldt County, Iowa

paragraphs: Humboldt County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. In the 2010 census, 9,815 people lived there. The county seat is Dakota City.


title: Ida County, Iowa

paragraphs: Ida County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. In the 2010 census, 7,089 people lived there. The county seat is Ida Grove.


title: Shen Chun-shan

paragraphs: Shen Chun-shan (29 August 1932 – 12 September 2018) was a Taiwanese academic. He was known for being President of National Tsing Hua University from 1994 to 1997.

paragraphs: He was known as one of the "four princes of Taiwan" along with Chen Li-an, Fredrick Chien, and Lien Chan, all of whose fathers became famous in politics before their sons' successes.

paragraphs: In 2012, Shen suffered a massive stroke and was left in a coma. He died six years later on 12 September 2018 at a Hsinchu hospital from an gastrointestinal hemorrhage, aged 86.


title: Jackson County, Iowa

paragraphs: Jackson County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2010 census, the population was 19,848. The county seat is Maquoketa. The county was founded on December 21, 1837 and named after U.S. President Andrew Jackson.

paragraphs: Jackson County is divided into 18 townships:


title: Rachid Taha

paragraphs: Rachid Taha (Arabic: رشيد طه) (18 September 1958 – 12 September 2018) was an Algerian singer-songwriter and activist. His career was based in Paris. He was described as "sonically adventurous". His music was inspired by many different styles such as rock, electronic, punk and raï. raï,

paragraphs: Taha was born in Sig (Mascara Province), Algeria. He was known for his songs "Voilà, Voilà", "Ya Rayah", and "It's Now or Never". Taha was also a known political activist and critic of the George W. Bush and Donald Trump administrations for their nuclear weapons stance.

paragraphs: Taha suffered a heart attack in his sleep on 12 September 2018 in Paris, aged 59.


title: Jefferson County, Iowa

paragraphs: Jefferson County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2010 census, the population was 16,843. The county seat is Fairfield. The county was founded in January 1839, and was named after U.S. President Thomas Jefferson.


title: Jones County, Iowa

paragraphs: Jones County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2010 census, the population was 20,638. The county seat is Anamosa. The county was founded in 1837 and named after George Wallace Jones, a United States Senator and member of Congress.


title: Keokuk County, Iowa

paragraphs: Keokuk County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. In the 2010 census, 10,511 people lived there. The county seat is Sigourney.


title: Kossuth County, Iowa

paragraphs: Kossuth County (pronounced kuh-SOOTH) is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. In the 2010 census, 15,543 people lived there. The county seat is Algona.


title: Armstrong County

paragraphs: Armstrong County is the name of two counties in the United States:


title: Allen County

paragraphs: Allen County is the name of five counties in the United States:


title: Riki Lindhome

paragraphs: Erika "Riki" Lindhome (born March 5, 1979) is an American actress, comedian, and musician. She is best known for roles in television shows including "Garfunkel and Oates", "Gilmore Girls", "House", "The Big Bang Theory", and "United States of Tara".


title: Cass County

paragraphs: Cass County is the name of nine counties in the United States, each named for Michigan governor, senator and presidential candidate Lewis Cass:


title: Coudersport, Pennsylvania

paragraphs: Coudersport is a borough in and the county seat of Potter County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is located about east by south of Erie on the Allegheny River. The population was 2,546 at the 2010 census.


title: Lee County, Iowa

paragraphs: Lee County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. It was founded in 1838. In the 2010 census, 35,862 people lived there. Its county seats are Fort Madison and Keokuk. It has 539 square miles (1,400 km) of land.


title: Allegheny River

paragraphs: The Allegheny River ( ) is a principal tributary of the Ohio River. It is located in the Eastern United States.

paragraphs: The Allegheny River joins with the Monongahela River to form the Ohio River at the "Point" of Point State Park in Downtown Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The Allegheny River is, by volume, the main headstream of both the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers.


title: Monongahela River

paragraphs: The Monongahela River ( , ) — often referred to locally as the Mon () — is a river on the Allegheny Plateau in north-central West Virginia and southwestern Pennsylvania, which flows from south to north. The Monongahela joins the Allegheny River to form the Ohio River at Pittsburgh.


title: Linn County, Iowa

paragraphs: Linn County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2010 census, the population was 211,226, making it the second-most populous county in Iowa. The county seat is Cedar Rapids. The county was founded on January 15, 1839 and named in honor of Senator Lewis F. Linn of Missouri.


title: Andre Martel

paragraphs: Andre A. "Andy" Martel (December 16, 1946 – December 22, 2016) was an American businessman and politician. Martel served in the New Hampshire House of Representatives from 1998 to 2002 and from 2012 until his death and served in the New Hampshire State Senate from 2002 to 2006. He was a Republican.

paragraphs: Martel was born in Manchester, New Hampshire on December 16, 1946 and died at Catholic Medical Center in Manchester, New Hampshire on December 22, 2016, aged 70.


title: Kurt Helmudt

paragraphs: Kurt Helmudt (7 December 1943 – 7 September 2018) was a retired Danish rower. Together with Bjørn Hasløv, Erik Petersen and John Hansen he won a gold medal at the 1964 Summer Olympics and a silver medal at the 1964 European Championships in the coxless fours event. He also won a bronze medal at the 1970 World Rowing Championships with another team. He was born in Copenhagen.

paragraphs: Helmudt died on 7 September 2018 in Copenhagen at the age of 74.


title: Don Newman (basketball)

paragraphs: Donald David Newman (November 22, 1957 – September 11, 2018) was an American basketball coach and player and Canadian football wide receiver and an assistant coach for the Washington Wizards and San Antonio Spurs of the National Basketball Association (NBA).

paragraphs: Newman was head coach of the Arizona State Sun Devils for the 1997–98 season, and the Sacramento State from 1992 to 1997.

paragraphs: Newman played Canadian football for the Saskatchewan Roughriders from 1981 to 1983. He was born in New Orleans, Louisiana.

paragraphs: Newman died after a long battle with cancer on September 11, 2018 in New Orleans at the age of 60.


title: Frederick Chien

paragraphs: Fredrick Chien, or Chien Foo (; born 17 February 1935) is a Chinese politician. He was the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of China on Taiwan from 1990 to 1996 and president of the Control Yuan from 1999 to 2005.


title: Lars Onsager Prize

paragraphs: The Lars Onsager Prize is a prize in theoretical statistical physics. It is awarded annually by the American Physical Society. It was established in 1993 by Drs. Russell and Marian Donnelly in memory of Lars Onsager.


title: Greenland halibut

paragraphs: The Greenland halibut or Greenland turbot ("Reinhardtius hippoglossoides") is part of the Pleuronectidae family and is the only species of the genus Reinhardtius.

paragraphs: It is a deep water fish, ranging between about , and is found in the northern Atlantic and northern Pacific Ocean.

paragraphs: The Greenland halibut is a flatfish, and the left eye has migrated during the fish's development so that it is on the right side of the head.

paragraphs: This fish is used for food and is caught mostly by trawling. Greenpeace thinks the fishery is unsustainable and has added the Greenland halibut to its seafood red list. This designation is widely considered to be based upon limited and unverifiable data.


title: Chen Li-an

paragraphs: Chen Li-an (; born 22 June 1937), sometimes spelled Chen Lu-an, is a Taiwanese electrical engineer, mathematician and retired politician. He was born in Qingtian, Zhejiang, Republic of China. From 1993 to 1995, he was the President of Control Yuan.

paragraphs: Chen was Minister of Economic Affairs of the Republic of China from 1988 to 1990. He was Minister of National Defense of the Republic of China from 1991 to 1993.


title: Pete Davidson

paragraphs: Peter Michael "Pete" Davidson (born November 16, 1993) is an American comedian and actor. He is a cast member on "Saturday Night Live". He was born in Staten Island, New York City.

paragraphs: Davidson has also appeared on the MTV shows "Guy Code", "Wild 'n Out", and "Failosophy". He has performed stand-up comedy on "Adam DeVine's House Party", "Jimmy Kimmel Live!", and "Comedy Underground with Dave Attell", and guest-starred in "Brooklyn Nine-Nine".

paragraphs: Davidson's father was one of the many firefighters who were killed in the September 11 attacks while last seen at the Marriott World Trade Center.

paragraphs: Davidson has borderline personality disorder and Crohn's disease. On June 20, 2018, Davidson confirmed that he and singer and actress Ariana Grande were engaged to be married.


title: Marriott World Trade Center

paragraphs: The Marriott World Trade Center was a 22-story steel-framed hotel building with 825 rooms. It opened in July 1981 as the Vista International Hotel and was located at 3 World Trade Center in Manhattan, New York City, with the World Trade Center complex.

paragraphs: The hotel was destroyed as a result of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, after the collapse of the Twin Towers. The hotel was not replaced as part of the new World Trade Center complex, but will rather share its name with the new office tower.

paragraphs: The Vista International was the first hotel to open in Lower Manhattan since 1836. The building was designed by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill.


title: Lars Onsager

paragraphs: Lars Onsager (November 27, 1903 – October 5, 1976) was a Norwegian-born American physical chemist and theoretical physicist. He held the Gibbs Professorship of Theoretical Chemistry at Yale University. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1968.

paragraphs: Lars Onsager was born in Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway. His father was a lawyer. After completing secondary school in Oslo, he attended the Norwegian Institute of Technology (NTH) in Trondheim, graduating as a chemical engineer in 1925.

paragraphs: In 1925 he discovered that the Debye-Hückel theory of electrolytic solutions was wrong. This theory explained Brownian movement of ions in solution. In 1926 he published a correction to the theory. He traveled to Zürich, where Peter Debye was teaching, and told him his theory was wrong. Debye was so impressed by Onsager's work that he asked him to become his assistant. Onsager stayed at the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) until 1928.

paragraphs: In 1928 Onsager went to the United States to teach at the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland. He was a genius in developing theories, he was not a very good chemistry teacher, and he was dismissed after one semester.

paragraphs: His next job was teaching statistical mechanics at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island. Again he was found to be no good at teaching. He did make significant contributions to statistical mechanics and thermodynamics. The only student who could really understand his lectures on electrolyte systems was Raymond Fuoss. Fuoss eventually joined him at Yale University.

paragraphs: In 1933, during the Great Depression Brown's decided they could not afford to employ someone who could not teach and he was dismissed. .

paragraphs: His research at Brown was on the effects on diffusion of temperature gradients. He came up with a set of equations  in 1929 now called Onsager reciprocal relations. The importance of these equations in statistical mechanics was not realized for many years. However by 1968 they were considered important for Onsager to win the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. In 1933, after leaving Browns, Onsager traveled to Austria to visit electrochemist Hans Falkenhagen. He met Falkenhagen's sister-in-law, Margrethe Arledter. They were married on September 7, 1933, and had three sons and a daughter.

paragraphs: His next job was at Yale University, where he remained for most of the rest of his life, retiring in 1972. At Yale, it was discovered that he had never received a Ph.D. The Norwegian Institute of Technology found that his his work in reciprocal relations was too incomplete to qualify as a doctoral dissertation. Yale said they would accept one of his published papers instead, but Onsager insisted on doing a new research project. His dissertation, called "Solutions of the Mathieu equation of period 4 pi and certain related functions", was too hard for the chemistry and physics faculty to understand. It was only after the mathematics department said they would give him the doctorate instead, that he was granted a Ph.D. in chemistry in 1935. He was appointed assistant professor in 1934, and associate professor in 1940. At Yale he produced brilliant theoretical research, but could not teach or explain ideas to students. He was also unable to direct the research of graduate students, except for the occasional outstanding one.

paragraphs: During the late 1930s, Onsager researched the dipole theory of dielectrics. He again improved on earlier work by Peter Debye. However, when he gave his paper to a journal that Debye edited in 1936, it was rejected. Debye would not accept Onsager's ideas until after World War II. During the 1940s, Onsager studied the statistical-mechanical theory of phase transitions in solids. He came up with a mathematical theory which was enthusiastically received. In a tour de force of mathematical physics, he obtained the exact solution for the two dimensional Ising model in zero field in 1944.

paragraphs: In 1935 he was awarded an honorary degree from the Norwegian Institute of Technology, later part of Norwegian University of Science and Technology.

paragraphs: In 1945, Onsager was naturalized as an American citizen. He  was awarded the title of "J. Willard Gibbs Professor of Theoretical Chemistry". Willard Gibbs worked on using mathematics to solve problems in physics and chemistry. Onsager continuing in the same areas Gibbs had pioneered.

paragraphs: In 1947, Onsager was elected to the National Academy of Sciences, and in 1950 he joined the ranks of Alpha Chi Sigma.

paragraphs: After World War II, Onsager researched new topics of interest. He came up with a theoretical explanation of the superfluid properties of liquid helium in 1949. Two years later the physicist Richard Feynman independently proposed the same theory. He also worked on the theories of liquid crystals and the electrical properties of ice. While on a Fulbright scholarship to the University of Cambridge, he worked on the magnetic properties of metals. He developed important ideas on the quantization of magnetic flux in metals. He was awarded the Lorentz Medal in 1958, Willard Gibbs Award in 1962, and the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1968. He was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 1975.

paragraphs: In 1972 Onsager retired from Yale. He became a member of the Center for Theoretical Studies, University of Miami, and was appointed Distinguished University Professor of Physics. At the University of Miami he guided and inspired postdoctoral students as his teaching skills had improved. He developed interests in semiconductor physics, biophysics and radiation chemistry. However, his death came before he could produce any breakthroughs comparable to those of his earlier years.

paragraphs: He died from an aneurysm while living in Coral Gables, Florida in 1976. Onsager was buried next to John Gamble Kirkwood at New Haven's Grove Street Cemetery. Onsager's tombstone simply said "Nobel Laureate". When Onsager's wife Gretel died in 1991 and was buried there, his children added an asterisk after "Nobel Laureate," and "*etc." in the lower right corner of the stone.

paragraphs: The Norwegian Institute of Technology established the Lars Onsager Lecture and The Lars Onsager Professorship in 1993 to award outstanding scientists in the scientific fields of  Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics. In 1997 his sons and daughter donated his scientific works and professional belongings to NTNU (before 1996 NTH) in Trondheim, Norway as his Alma Mater. These are now organized as "The Lars Onsager Archive" at the Gunnerus Library in Trondheim.

paragraphs: The Lars Onsager Prize is a prize in theoretical statistical physics. It is awarded annually by the American Physical Society. It was established in 1993 by Drs. Russell and Marian Donnelly.